{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3812", "width": "2358", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "(ilass\\nBook\\nCOPYRIGHT DEPOSIT", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "3 6\\nDOWN THE\\nHISTORIC\\nSUSQUEHANNA\\nA SUMMER S JAUNT\\nOtsego to the Chesapeake\\nBY\\nCharles Weathers Bump\\nBALTIMORE:\\nPress of The Sun Printing Office\\n1899.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECElVBDi\\nLibrary of CotlgPttflt\\nOffice of the\\nlj r .,5_1Roq\\nRegister of Copyrights\\n48534\\nCopyrighted, 1899.\\nAll Rights Reserved.\\nFor the author s circulation,\\nreprinted in revised and enlarged\\nform, through the courtesy of the\\nproprietors of The Baltimore\\nSun, to whom this acknowledg-\\nment of their generosity is due.", "height": "3822", "width": "2242", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nPAGE.\\nI. A Trip of Much Promise, 1\\nCooperstown, N. Y., August 15.\\nII. In the Pages of History, 8\\nCooperstown, N. Y., August 16.\\nIII. Not Unsung by Pouts, 15\\nCooperstown, N. Y., August 17.\\nIV. Cooper s Glimmerglass 25\\nCooperstown, N, Y., August 18.\\nV. Two Modern Explorers, 32\\nRichfield Springs, N. Y., Aug. 19.\\nVI. Thro the Hop Country, 40\\nAfton, N. Y., August 20.\\nVII. Where Mormonism Began, 48\\nBinghamton, N. Y., August 22.\\nVIII. Along the Southern Tier, 57\\nOwego, N. Y., August 23.\\nIX. Legends of Two Hills, 66\\nPittstou, Pa., August 24.\\nX. The Vale of Wyoming, 80\\nWilkesbarre, Pa August 25.\\nXL Beneath a Big City, 90\\nWilkesbarre, Pa., August 26.\\nXII. The Home of Priestley, 97\\nNorthumberland, Pa., August 28.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "PAGE-\\nXIII. Down the West Branch, 107\\nSuubury, Pa., September 2.\\nXIV. The Passing of the Boats, .120\\nSunbury, Pa., September 8.\\nXV. A Noble Water Gap, 126\\nHarrisburg, Pa., September 4.\\nXVI. In Busy Harrisburg, 134\\nHarrisburg, Pa., September 5.\\nXVII. Some Model Farms, 142\\nColumbia, Pa., September 6.\\nXVIII. The Story op Columbia, 149\\nColumbia, Pa., September 7.\\nXIX. The Land op Big Barns, 157\\nColumbia, Pa., September 9.\\nXX. Amid Charming Highlands, .164\\nPort Deposit, Md., September 12.\\nXXI. At the River s Mouth, 172\\nHavre-de-Grace, Md., Sept. 14.\\nXXII. George Talbot s Caye, .ISO\\nWatson s Island, Md.,Sept. 15.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "I.\\nA TRIP OF MUCH PROMISE.\\nCooi EitsTowN, Otsego County, N. Y.,\\nAug. 15.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The other day when I told a\\nfriend I proposed to spend a summer vaca-\\ntion in a trip making the entire length of\\nthe Susquehanna river from Lake Otsego\\nto the Chesapeake, he said to me, sort of\\napologetically:\\nI have always considered the Susque-\\nhanna such a useless river. It seems so big\\nand lumbering, and it has not the charm\\nof the Hudson for scenery or historic in-\\nterest.\\nBefore we parted, an hour later, I had\\nso oppositely convinced my friend that I\\nam sure he is now envying me the trip. As\\nfor myself I redoubled my enthusiasm over\\nthe summer scheme. So here I am at the\\nhead of the big river, looking forward\\nwith eagerness to a jaunt of many miles\\ndown stream and forearmed, as it would\\nseem, from reading up on what I am to\\nsee in the way of fine scenery, of sites in-\\nvested with historic interest, and moun-\\ntains and vales replete with romantic\\nlegends and Indian tales.\\nA great many other persons are unde-\\nniably in the same boat with my friend.\\nPerhaps I myself might have been as igno-\\nrant had I not had a grandfather who was\\nfamiliar with every mile of the Susque-\\nhanna and who repeated many of its most\\ninteresting incidents as we traveled to-\\ngether along portions of its banks.\\nCasting about for a reason, it seems to\\nme that the fame of the Susquehanna has\\ntwo distinct setbacks which have led to its\\ncomparative neglect by travelers in search\\nof the picturesque or fond of tracing the\\nfootsteps of American history.\\nOne of these setbacks arose from the cir-\\ncumstance that the river was peopled by\\nthree different Commonwealths\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Maryland,", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Pennsylvania and New York. The New\\nYorkers look eastward to New York city\\nand Albany. Similarly the Pennsylvanians\\nmostly find a commingling of interest with\\nPhiladelphia. And out of all this grows\\nmuch ignorance on the part of one section\\nin the doings of another. In Maryland, for\\ninstance, little is known of the prosperity\\nand attractiveness of the river valley with-\\nin the limits of New York. While contrari-\\nwise I have at times found much apathy in\\nCentral New York about the history and\\ndevelopment of the river in Maryland and\\nLower Pennsylvania.\\nPerhaps much of this isolation might\\nhave been overcome had the Susquehanna\\nbeen regularly navigable by steamboats\\nor had the railroads formed a single line\\nfrom Cooperstown to Havre de Grace.\\nThen a steady down-to-Maryland business\\nwould have ensued in big proportions and\\nthe charm of travel up and down the river\\nwould have been strong. But the steam-\\nboats could not come and the railroads\\nmainly turned eastward and westward in\\ntheir building, and so the Susquehanna has\\nbeen passed by travelers.\\nThe importance of this consideration is\\nseen by comparing the Susquehanna with\\nthe Hudson, beyond doubt the most ad-\\nmired of American rivers. Railroads on\\nboth banks and steamboats day and night\\ncarry tourists from New York to Albany\\nthrough the entire region of beauty, legend\\nand history. It is again made obvious by\\nrecalling the Potomac, the scenic portion\\nof which is traversed by every passenger\\nto or from the West over the Baltimore\\nand Ohio Railroad. The Susquehanna\\nriver has not one, but half a dozen rail-\\nroads. They follow every mile of its banks\\nfrom Otsego to the Chesapeake, yet no less\\nthan eight changes of cars are required for\\na through journey.\\nAnd yet, in spite of such drawbacks,\\nthere is much of genuine interest to be\\nfound in a journey all the way along the\\nSusquehanna. In its long and winding\\ncourse from limpid Lake Otsego, its\\nscenery is certainly as varied as that of\\nany river. Sometimes through fertile val-\\nleys teeming with busy farmers; then", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "again in narrow, rocky gorges, with moun-\\ntains close by framing in views that are\\nhard to excel, and contributing rushing\\ncascades to swell the big stream; again\\npast cities alive with industries and im-\\nportant as railroad centres. In all its\\nwindings it never has the fault of being\\nmonotonous, and often justly earns the\\napplication of those much-abused adjec-\\ntives, romantic, noble or grand. No\\nmore pleasing lake scenery can be found\\nthan on and around Otsego; no more beau-\\ntiful vale entered than that of Wyoming;\\nno bolder views laid bare than above Har-\\nrisburg, where the river forces its way\\nwith abruptness through a gap in the Kic-\\ntatinny Mountains; no finer rocky gorges\\nthan from Columbia to Port Deposit.\\nThe painters have not neglected the Sus-\\nquehanna, especially the men who led\\nAmerican art in the generation just pass-\\ning away. Those who are familiar with\\nthe public and private galleries of our lead-\\ning American cities can easily recall can-\\nvasses reproducing charming bits of river\\nand mountain scenery from along the Sus-\\nquehanna and the Juniata and other tribu-\\ntaries. In many instances these paintings\\nare doubly valuable because they picture\\nlandscapes that have been greatly altered.\\nStatistics are dull sometimes, but then\\nagain they give much in short compass.\\nIt interests us to be told, for example,\\nthat in the country drained by the Sus-\\nquehanna there are two millions and a\\nquarter of inhabitants. When we ask\\nwhat is included in this drainage area we\\nare told by Government investigators that\\nthe Susquehanna drains 26,000 square\\nmiles, of which 6,000 are in New York,\\nnearly 20,000 in Pennsylvania and a small\\nfraction in Maryland. In other words,\\nit comprises about one-seventh of New\\nYork State, in the southern and central\\nportions, and slightly less than one-half of\\nPennsylvania, sweeping from beyond\\nScranton on the northeast almost to\\nJohnstown on the southwest, and from\\nbeyond Lancaster on the southeast to the\\noil region of the northwest. Of course,\\nthe Susquehanna does not do this un-\\naided. It has many, many active branches.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "the chief among which are the Chenango\\nand the Chemung, in New York State, and\\nthe Juniata and the West Branch, in\\nPennsylvania.\\nIncidentally let me remind you of one\\nother fact concerning the Susquehanna\\nwhich is of importance. It is, without ex-\\nception, the longest river on the Atlantic\\nseaboard, and is overtopped in size only by\\na few of the great broad Western rivers.\\nIts length is counted as 420 miles. That\\nof the West Branch is more than 200 miles.\\nThe hundreds of towns found every few\\nmiles along the main river and its tribu-\\ntaries show how the two millions and a\\nquarter of inhabitants are made up. It is\\ntrue that there are no cities of the largest\\nsize, but there are many of the next size,\\nthe most conspicuous being Binghamtou,\\nN. Y., at the junction of the Chenango\\nriver, which has 50,000; Elmira, on the\\nChemung, 33.000; Scranton, Pa., on the\\nLackawanna, 75,000; Wilkesbarre, on the\\nmain stream, 45,000; Williamsport, on the\\nWest Branch, 35,000; Harrisburg, on the\\nmain stream, 60,000; York, on Codorus\\ncreek, 30,000; Lancaster, on Conestoga\\ncreek. 40,000, and Altoona, 30,000.\\nWe are told also by the Government ex-\\nperts already quoted that there is a goodly\\namount of water power in the rapids and\\ndescents of the Susquehanna and its many\\nfeeders. For instance. Lake Otsego is\\n1,193 feet above tidewater, so that the\\nriver has to descend that considerable\\namount in getting to Havre de Grace.\\nMuch of this power is utilized, but much\\nof it is not, and we are assured that there\\nare valuable opportunities to get power for\\nmanufactures along a portion of the West\\nBranch not yet developed by railroads.\\nThat one gap on the West Branch is the\\nonly part of the entire river which has\\nnot a railroad on the one bank or the\\nother, sometimes on both. Close students\\nof American development long ago ob-\\nserved how the rivers helped make the rail-\\nroads great by yielding their banks to\\nfurnish available routes. This is especially\\nnoticeable in the case of the Susquehanna.\\nFour of the great through lines to the\\nWest make use of portions of the river", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "valley. They are the Pennsylvania, the\\nLehigh Valley, the Delaware, Lackawanna\\nand Western and the Erie.\\nThe Pennsylvania comes in from Phila-\\ndelphia some miles below Harrisburg and\\nleaves the Susquehanna at the mouth of\\nthe Juniata. The Lehigh Valley from\\nNew York enters the valley near Wilkes-\\nbarre and goes up stream to the mouth\\nof the Chemung at Athens. The Erie\\napproaches the river east of the town of\\nSusquehanna and goes west with it to\\nnear Athens. Similarly the Delaware,\\nLackawanna and Western comes in at\\nGreat Bend and parallels the Erie to\\nnear Athens and beyond on the Chemung.\\nIndeed, if the Baltimore and Ohio may\\nbe considered as entering the valley when\\nit crosses its mouth at Havre de Grace,\\nit can, with propriety, be asserted that\\nonly one of the big routes from New\\nYork does not use the Susquehanna Val-\\nley. That one is the New York Central.\\nThe first 16 miles of the river course be-\\nlow Lake Otsego is followed by the Coop-\\nerstown and Charlotte Valley Railroad;\\nthen for 80 miles to Susquehanna, the\\nDelaware and Hudson Railroad is there;\\nthen come the Erie and the Delaware,\\nLackawanna and Western on both banks\\nto Waverly and the Lehigh Valley from\\nWaverly to AVilkesbarre; then from\\nWilkesbarre to Northumberland and Sun-\\nbury both banks are again occupied, the\\nright by a division of the Delaware, Lacka-\\nwanna and Western and the left by a di-\\nvision of the Pennsylvania Railroad; from\\nSunbury to York Haven, through Harris-\\nburg is the Northern Central Railroad,\\npart of the Pennsylvania system, and\\nfrom Harrisburg to the mouth of the river\\nat Perryville the east bank contains the\\nColumbia and Port Deposit divisions of\\nthe Pennsylvania. At Perryville the Phila-\\ndelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore is\\ntapped.\\nFrom which statements it is evident that\\nthe river is followed by railroads for each\\nof its 420 miles, and that for nearly half\\nof that distance there are tracks on both\\nsides. Many other railroads come into the\\nvalley for a few miles here and there.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "notably in the great anthracite coal belt\\naround Wilkesbarre and to the east of the\\nriver below Sunbury. That coal belt is in a\\ngreat measure responsible for the develop-\\nment of the Susquehanna Valley in popu-\\nlation and wealth. Mines honeycomb it.\\nrailroads cut into it everywhere and an-\\nnually there is dug out of it and trans-\\nported to domestic and foreign markets\\nthe enormous amount of 50,000,000 tons of\\nhard coal.\\nAs hard coal has put railroads along one\\nbranch of the Susquehanna so has soft coal\\nintersected the headwaters of the West\\nBranch with other railroads. The West\\nBranch rises in Cambria county, Pennsyl-\\nvania, not far north of Cresson. The re-\\nmarkable thing about this source is that it\\nis on the west slope of the Alleghany\\nmountains and that in order to get through\\nto meet the North Branch at Northumber-\\nland it has to work its way through the\\nmountains.\\nAfter it leaves Cambria county the West\\nBranch enters the Clearfield coal region\\nand running hither and thither in this re-\\ngion are half a dozen different railroad sys-\\ntems, including several divisions and\\nbranches of the Pennsylvania; the Penn-\\nsylvania and Northwestern; the Pittsburg\\nand Eastern; the Buffalo.. Rochester and\\nPittsburg, and the Beech Creek Railroad,\\nwhich after leaving the river at Clearfield\\nagain swings alongside of it at Lock Haven\\nand goes with it to Williamsport, where\\nthe Beech Creek road ends and where it\\nhas an important traffic exchange with the\\nPhiladelphia and Reading. All these rail-\\nroads are comparatively recent, because\\nmining in the Clearfield coal region has\\nonly become important within the last dec-\\nade.\\nFrom Clearfield to Karthaus is the one\\nbit of the Susquehanna not yet taken up\\nby railroads, but at Karthaus we again\\nmeet a ramification of the Pennsylvania\\nsystem, the Philadelphia and Erie Road.\\nOn this line we may travel for more than\\na hundred miles down the river, through\\nWilliamsport and other flourishing towns\\nand to the meeting place of the two big\\nSusquehanna branches at Northumberland.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "From Willianisport to Northumberland the\\nPennsylvania is on one bank, while an im-\\nportant division of the Philadelphia and\\nReading is on the other.\\nI nearly forgot to speak of the intimate\\nrelation of the Susquehanna to a greater\\ncity than any within its watershed. I\\nmean Baltimore. When rafts and boats\\nwith flour and farm products began to go\\ndown stream in profusion, Maryland s\\nmetropolis was the natural market, though\\nsome of the traffic was diverted overland\\nto Philadelphia. Then the latter city s\\nmerchants began to reach out, and the\\nBaltimoreans, to keep the lead, first built\\na series of steamboats, which proved to be\\nfailures, then a canal and finally a railroad\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094the Northern Central. The canal is dead\\nnow, but the railroad still carries a goodly\\ntrade from the Susquehanna to Baltimore,\\nthough, of course, the manifold industries\\nof the river towns are too great to be con-\\ntent with a single market.\\nThoughtful men in Baltimore see the\\nday when that city will have to draw on\\nthe Susquehanna for a water supply. In-\\ndeed, the cost and the advantages were\\nfully weighed when the present supply\\nwas enlarged 20 years ago, though the\\nGunpowder river was then found sufficient.\\nToday Baltimore has more than half a mil-\\nlion inhabitants; the limit of the Gunpow-\\nder s capacity is foreshadowed and the\\nSusquehanna will come next. Its water\\nwill have to be conveyed nearly 40 miles.\\nAlready the river is used in this way by\\ncities further upstream, but none of them\\napproach the magnitude of the Baltimore\\nidea.\\nWere I interested in geology or in duck-\\nhunting and river fishing, there would be\\nother avenues to open up delights on the\\nSusquehanna for me. For the geologist\\nthere is a wonderful opportunity in a trip\\nsuch as we promise.\\nI am not a hunter of duck nor a student of\\nrocks, and so I look for the interesting side\\nof my jaunt to the natural beauty of the\\nriver valley, to the incidents of its past\\nand the industries and achievements of the\\npresent. In them is the hope of this pil-\\ngrimage.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "II.\\nIN THE PAGES OF HISTORY.\\nCooperstown, Otsego County, N. Y.,\\nAug. 16.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 So many pretty notions get frac-\\ntured nowadays by heartless seekers for\\nfacts that it was really no surprise for me\\nto learn yesterday that all our old ideas\\nconcerning the meaning of the name Sus-\\nquehanna will have to be revised.\\nIt has been dinned into my ears from\\nchildhood and I guess the same in your\\ncase, dear reader\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that Susquehanna meant\\nlong, crooked river, or else broad, shal-\\nlow river, or else wide, muddy river,\\nor the river of rapids. All seemed ap-\\npropriate to the big stream, and so you\\nand I accepted the one or the other as be-\\ning the true Indian name.\\nNow we are told that all were guesses,\\nmade by men with only a half knowledge\\nof native tongues. In their place we are\\nasked to believe that the Susquehanna is\\nthe river of the people with booty taken\\nin war. And in the light of this assertion\\nthe following facts are recalled:\\nCapt. John Smith, engaged in exploring\\nthe Chesapeake bay above Virginia in 1608,\\nentered the mouth of the Susquehanna and\\nthere encountered a different set of In-\\ndians from those he had previously known.\\nThey were brave, noble-looking fellows of\\ngiant stature decked out in war paint and\\nevidently fresh from a fight, as they had\\nmuch spoil in their canoes. The doughty\\nVirginian was unable to talk with them\\ndirectly, but he used as interpreter an In-\\ndian whose tongue he knew. When he\\nasked the name of his new acquaintances,\\nthe interpreter unable, possibly, to get or\\nto understand the real tribal designation\\nreplied that they were the Susquehan-\\nnoeks. the people of booty taken in war.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "This, at least, is the theory of a recent\\nscholar, who says that sasquesa meant\\nwar booty, and anough meant men.\\nThe older writers had maintained that\\nhanna was river, and that the first\\npart meant either crooked, muddy,\\nshallow or rapids.\\ni ou can take your choice among these\\ntheories and guesses. If you like the ones\\nwhich are descriptive of the river, believe\\nin them. Yet, if the latest be true, it is\\nrather curious, is it not, that the acci-\\ndental error of a not over-intelligent in-\\nterpreter should have given such a pretty\\nname to a big Indian tribe and, after them,\\nto this great, majestic river?\\nI never reflect upon the name of the\\nriver without recalling how the truest of\\npoets, Coleridge and Shelley, were both\\nattracted by its sound and its suggestion\\nof romance, and it was with positive\\npleasure that I read today what Robert\\nLouis Stevenson said of the river when he\\ncrossed it in some of his travels through\\nthis country: When I heard that the\\nstream over which we passed was called\\nthe Susquehanna, wrote the English au-\\nthor, the beauty of the name seemed\\npart and parcel of the land. As when\\nAdam, with divine fitness, named the\\ncreatures, so this word Susquehanna was\\nat once accepted by the fancy. That was\\nthe name, as no other could be, for that\\nshining river and desirable valley.\\nThere were other Indian names than the\\none now borne. The Onondagas, of the Six\\nNations, called the river Ga-wa-no-wa-na-\\nneh, or the great island river. Among\\nthe Indians of the West Branch that por-\\ntion of the Susquehanna was known as\\nOtzinachson, or the river of demons, be-\\ncause of some tribal superstition that seems\\nto have been widespread. Quen-ish-ach-\\ngek-ki, the stream of long reaches, was\\nanother name for the West Branch.\\nIt is often said that Capt. John Smith\\nwas the first white man to view the Sus-\\nquehanna, but it is necessary to go earlier\\nthan that. There is even a belief that the\\nfamous Feruando de Soto penetrated to\\nthis river, but aside from such a tradition\\nit is true that the first white men here", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "were Spaniards, and that they long ante-\\ndated John Smith.\\nAt an early day Spaniards were in the\\nChesapeake, and named it St. Mary s.\\nFrom the bay they carried off a native to\\nMexico, where he was educated and bap-\\ntized. This Indian returned to the Chesa-\\npeake with several Spanish priests, and\\nsome distance up a large river flowing\\ninto the bay they founded a missionary\\nstation, which they called Axacan. This\\nriver was most probably the Susquehanna,\\nand these priests the first white men to\\nvisit it. Their fate was a sad one. Their\\nIndian protege turned on them and as-\\nsisted in killing them.\\nIt is odd that while Smith, the English-\\nman, and these Spanish priests were the\\npioneers of the lower Susquehanna, it\\nshould be reserved for a Frenchman and\\nthree Dutchmen to be the first whites to\\nsee the upper portion. The Frenchman\\nwas Etienne Brule, a lieutenant of Sam-\\nuel Champlain, the Governor of Canada,\\nand a noted discoverer. Champlain, with\\nthe Huron Indians as allies, in 1615 planned\\nan attack on the Iroquois in Central New\\nYork. With 12 Hurons Brule was sent to\\nsecure the aid of the Andastes or Caron-\\ntonans, whose chief village seems to have\\nbeen somewhere on the Susquehanna\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\npossibly near Athens, possibly much\\nfarther down. After many hardships and\\nseveral bloody fights Brule reached the\\nCarontonan town and they started to join\\nChamplain, but found he had returned to\\nCanada. This caused Brule to return\\nwith the Carontonans and spend the winter\\nin explorations. Among other things he\\ndescended the river to its junction with\\nthe sea. a journey which was made, so he\\nreported, through a series of populous\\ntribes at war with one another. Three\\nyears elapsed before this hardy explorer\\ngot back to Champlain. The narrative of\\nhis adventures has a strange fascination\\nfor us who live in the days of comfortable\\nrailroad travel through peaceful, populous\\ntowns.\\nAbout the same time three adventurous\\nDutchmen came into this wilderness from\\nAlbany, boated down the Susquehanna as\\n10", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "far as the neighborhood of Wilkesbarre,\\ncrossed overland to the Delaware and\\nthence on to New York. Quite a different\\ntrip from a similar canoe outing often\\ntaken now!\\nNearly a century after the explorers\\ncame the traders, mostly established on\\nthat portion of the river now in Pennsyl-\\nvania. Stories of them are fully retailed\\nin the histories of that State. Many of\\nthem were French-Canadians. Some were\\nnoted characters, such as Conrad Weiser,\\nwho constantly served as the envoy of the\\nPenns to the Indians.\\nIn my last letter I mentioned that civ-\\nilization moved up the Susquehanna in-\\nstead of down. This is plainly shown by\\nthe dates of land purchases from the In-\\ndians. Maryland secured her portion in the\\nseventeenth century. William Penn prompt-\\nly saw the moral value of making pur-\\nchases from the Indians, and in 1683, the\\nyear after Pennsylvania was settled, he\\nenlisted the aid of Thomas Dongan, Gov-\\nernor of New York, who secured from the\\nIndians a deed to all that tract of land\\nlying upon both sides the river commonly\\ncalled or known by the name of the Sus-\\nquehanna. Dongan, in 1696, transferred\\nthe title to Penn for the consideration of\\n\u00c2\u00a3100. What a miserable sum this now\\nseems for a region where at least a million\\npersons dwell. It was, of course, limited\\nby the grants of royal charters, but, as I\\nread it, it included the entire Susquehanna\\nValley within what is now Pennsylvania.\\nPenn seems not to have been satisfied\\nwith this title, for in 1700 he had it rati-\\nfied by the Susquehannocks, and in 1701 by\\nother Indian tribes. Later his sons began\\nto make fresh purchases. They bought\\neverything south of Harrisburg in 1736;\\nup to the neighborhood of Sunbury in 1749\\nand 1758, and to Towanda in 1768. The\\nlast purchase by Pennsylvania was in\\n1784, when the area north of Towanda\\nand west of the Susquehanna was ob-\\ntained. New York s purchases of the Sus-\\nquehanna Valley occured in the same dec-\\nade. Settlements in every case followed\\nclosely behind colonial purchases.\\n11", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "The Indian history of the Susquehanna\\nis remarkable. It was dominated by the\\nIroquois, or Six Nations, who from their\\nstronghold in Central New York, by using\\nthe Susquehanna mainly, but also the Mo-\\nhawk, Hudson and Allegheny rivers, had\\nbuilt up an empire big in extent and pow-\\nerful in kind.\\nMany times a year tne Iruquois in their\\nwar canoes went down the Susquehanna to\\nthe Chesapeake and compelled the submis-\\nsion of tribes as far as the Carolinas. The\\nJourney was apparently no more to them\\nthan it is now to a traveler by train. They\\nbested the Susquehannocks so often that\\nthey finally were able to force the rem-\\nnant to abandon their Maryland and Penn-\\nsylvania haunts and take up an humble po-\\nsition under the conquerors wing in New\\nYork. They did the same to the Lenni Le-\\nnapes on the Delaware, to the Nanticokes\\non the Eastern Shore and to the Shawnees\\nhigher up the Susquehanna. They kept\\nthe white man from fully settling the up-\\nper Susquehanna Valley for nearly a cen-\\ntury after the lower part was peopled by\\nwhites.\\nThere is no telling to what period their\\nremarkable confederacy might have ex-\\nteuded had they not adopted the British\\ncause against the colonists. Then the\\nIroquois power was broken as quickly as\\nit had been formed. The terrible Wyom-\\ning massacre in Susquehanna Valley and\\nthe massacre in Cherry Valley, on a tribu-\\ntary of the Susquehanna, caused the ex-\\npedition of Gen. John Sullivan in 1779.\\nHe went up the river with a strong\\nmilitary force and was reinforced at the\\nmouth of the Chemung by Gen. James\\nClinton, who had brought New York\\nmilitia overland to Lake Otsego and then\\ndown the Susquehanna on rafts. General\\nSullivan burned Indian villages by the\\nwholesale and gave the Iroquois a thrash-\\ning such as they had never had. After\\nthat they were willing enough to sell the\\nfairest part of Central New York to the\\nwhites.\\nThe Wyoming and Cherry Valley mas-\\nsacres are not the only dark stains of the\\nsort in the Susquehanna Valley. After\\n12", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Braddock s crushing defeat in 1755 the In-\\ndians, backed by French officers and sol-\\ndiers, descended the river and spread ter-\\nror in many promising Pennsylvania set-\\ntlements. There were massacres at a num-\\nber of points near Northumberland and in\\nCumberland Valley, and many more women\\nand children were carried into captivity in\\nCanada.\\nThe remembrance of the fiendish cruel-\\nties practised by the Indians led to the\\nmost horrible crime of all, the murder in\\n1763 of the remnant of Susquehannock In-\\ndians, who had long made their homes near\\nwhere the Conestoga creek empties into\\nthe Susquehanna in Lancaster county. A\\ngroup of frontiersmen, known as the Pax-\\nton boys, in a wanton attack on the set-\\ntlement and in a later fiendish charge upon\\na public building, to which the survivors\\nof the first affair had been removed, made\\naway with 20 Indians, many of them wom-\\nen and girls and none able-bodied war-\\nriors. It was a crime which cannot be\\njustified.\\nAs an echo of Indian occupation, stone\\nweapons, utensils and implements are fre-\\nquently found at every point of the river\\nvalley, many of them made from rocks\\nwhich can only be traced hundreds of miles\\naway. The skeletons of red men are also\\nsometimes unearthed, some of them of\\ngiant type.\\nIn addition to the Wyoming and Cherry\\nValley massacres, the Susquehanna figures\\nin the Revolutionary War in other ways.\\nIts lower fords and ferries were constantly\\ncrossed by armies and leaders going from\\nNorth to South and South to North. And\\nwhen the Continental Congress was driven\\nout of Philadelphia by British occupation\\nit removed first to York, then to Lancas-\\nter, both of them on tributaries of the\\nriver and not far from the latter.\\nIn the contest of 1812 the mouth of the\\nriver again had a share of war. After\\nterrorizing other towns at the head of\\nChesapeake bay the British fleet cap-\\ntured and burned Havre de Grace and the\\nvillage of Lapidum, a few miles tip the\\nriver.\\n13", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "Again in the Civil War the Susquehanna\\nwas the high-water mark of the Con-\\nfederacy, Wrightsville being the nearest\\npoint to Philadelphia reached by any part\\nof General Lee s army during the invasion\\nof Pennsylvania in 1863.\\nNor should it be forgotten that this same\\nsection played a prominent part in co-\\nlonial times in the border wars of Lord\\nBaltimore and the Penns, both struggling\\nto spread their boundaries. This con-\\ntest, frequently accompanied by blood-\\nshed, developed a remarkable character in\\nCol. Thomas Cresap, who upheld the Mary-\\nland claims in York and Lancaster coun-\\nties with such courage as to make him one\\nof the most interesting figures in American\\ncolonial life.\\nThe varying origin of the families who\\npeopled the different parts of the Susque-\\nhanna Valley is in itself a study. Quite\\nnaturally we at once think of the Palati-\\nnate Germans or Pennsylvania Dutch, who\\nhave for two centuries left the impress of\\ntheir thrift upon the rich farming lands of\\nlower Pennsylvania. Next below them, on\\nlands more rugged and rocky, were thou-\\nsands of Scotch-Irish families; and farther,\\nin Maryland, families of English and Irish\\nstock. In Central Pennsylvania the river\\nbanks were cleared by persons mostly of\\nEnglish origin, while from Wilkesbarre\\nnorth there was a decided preponderance\\nof New England immigrants, indirectly\\nEnglish. To these the last half century\\nhas added the Welsh slate-miners in the\\nPeach Bottom region; the Italian, Hun-\\ngarian, Russian, Polish and other Slavonic\\ntypes in the coal mines, and the people of\\nstill other nationalities in the growing\\ncities.\\nBesides the actual history of the Susque-\\nhanna, there is a wealth of interesting\\nlegend and folklore. I wish I had time to\\nrepeat it all.\\n14", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "III.\\nNOT UNSUNG BY POETS.\\nCooperstown, Otsego County, N. Y.,\\nAug. 17.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Yesterday I went into a book-\\nstore to get a recent novel. The man be-\\nhind the counter was one of those whom a\\nbook-lover delights to meet, one who knew\\nand prized the books he sold. It was easy\\nto get into a chat with him about the litera-\\nture of the Susquehanna and the result\\nwill, I am sure, surprise you.\\nCooper s name, of course, was first on\\nour lips when we started to recall the\\npoetry and novels in which the Susque-\\nhanna is well remembered. Then I spoke\\nof Nathaniel P. Willis, most graceful of\\nAmerican authors, whose happy years of\\nlife beside this river at Owego found full\\nexpression in his varied writings. My\\nfriend, the bookseller, soon reminded me of\\nThomas Campbell and his epic, Gertrude\\nof Wyoming, while I, in turn, thought of\\nother Englishmen, and suggested Cole-\\nridge and Southey, who, with the enthusi-\\nasm of youth, dreamed of placing their\\nideal colony of Pantisocracy upon the\\nbanks of the Susquehanna, which, like\\nCampbell, neither of them had ever seen\\nnor ever saw.\\nWyoming s name brought to mind The\\nDeath of the Fratricide, in which John\\nGreenleaf Whittier has told in ballad form\\nthe fate of a hapless being who killed his\\nown brother in the terrible Revolutionary\\ntragedy. An echo of another massacre is\\nfound in Jennie Marsh, of Cherry Valley,\\nby George P. Morris, the editorial associate\\nand friend of Willis.\\nThus we discoursed for fully an hour,\\nadding to our catalogue a goodly array of\\nnotable poets and romancers. It was a\\ncasual review, of course, and doubtless\\nmany were omitted whom you may now re-\\ncall. But I cannot refrain from repeating\\n15", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "lor you some of the things which then\\ncame in mind or which we found by turn-\\ning to his well-stocked shelves.\\nThe thread which binds Southey and\\nColeridge to the Susquehanna is a slender\\none, but it must be acknowledged that\\nthere is something deeply interesting in\\ntheir dream of starting upon the Susque-\\nhana a brotherly community where pri-\\nvate property was to be abolished, where\\ntwo hours a day were to be spent in pro-\\nviding food and the rest of the time in\\nrational society and intellectual employ-\\nment. Biographers of both poets tell\\nhow the scheme was talked of in 1794,\\nwhen Coleridge was 22 and Southey two\\nyears younger, and how it was never real-\\nized because no funds were forthcoming\\nand because the two wedded sisters and\\nhad to be practical enough to earn a liveli-\\nhood.\\nThe reason why the Susquehanna was\\nselected is in doubt. The fact that Dr.\\nJoseph Priestley, founder of modern chem-\\nistry and an eminent philosopher, had re-\\nmoved from England to Northumberland\\nin the same year may have had something\\nto do with it. But a letter from Coleridge\\nto Southey, written at the time, adds an-\\nother reason. The former, it appears, had\\nmet in London a suave American land\\nagent, who recommended the Susquehanna\\nfrom its excessive beauty and its security\\nfrom hostile Indians. The ease of farm-\\ning, the opportunity for literary men, the\\ncheapness of land and of living and the\\ncredit obtainable were all duly impressed\\nupon Coleridge, who, in his last sentence,\\nsays: The mosquitoes are not so bad as\\nour gnats; and after you have been there\\na little while, they don t trouble you\\nmuch. Truly a most excellent land agent!\\nJoseph Cottle, the British bookseller,\\nwhose after reminiscences add so much to\\nthe knowledge of his friends Coleridge and\\nSouthey, gives still more light. He says\\nColeridge would talk for hours at a time\\nof the Susquehanna as the only refuge\\nfor permanent repose. Then Cottle adds:\\nIt will excite marvelous surprise in the reader to\\nunderstand that Mr. Coleridge s friends could not as-\\ncertain that he had received any specific informa-\\ntion concerning this notable river. It was a\\n16", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "I\\ngrand river, but there are many other noble and\\ngrand rivers in America (the Land of Rivers!), and\\nthe preference given to the Susquehanna seemed\\nalmost to arise solely from its imposing name,\\nwhich, if not classical, was at least poetical, and\\nit probably by mere accident became the centre of\\nall his pleasurable associations. Had this same\\nriver been called the Miramichi or the Irrawaddy\\nit would have been despoiled of half its charms\\nand have sunk down into a vulgar stream, the at-\\nmosphere of which might have suited well enough\\nRussian boors, but which would have been pestifer-\\nous to men of letters.\\nCottle also quotes Coleridge s poem, A\\nMonody to Chatterton, written when\\nPantisoeraey was on tap. In it, after\\nspeaking of his vain aspirations for abso-\\nlute liberty, he says:\\nYet will I love to follow the sweet dream\\nWhere Susquehanna pours his untamed stream;\\nAnd on some hill, whose forest-growing side\\nWaves o er the murmurs of his calmer tide.\\nIt is so usual here in Cooperstown to\\nhear of The Deerslayer as associated\\nwith Otsego Lake that it is rarely remem-\\nbered that other novels by Cooper depict\\nlater phases of life on the lake and river.\\nDeerslayer is such an ideal of chivalresque\\nmanhood and the descriptions of the re-\\ngion, then In the primeval wilderness, are\\nso fine, that the first of the Leatherstock-\\n!ng Tales overtops the novelist s other In-\\ndian stories. But in The. Pioneers, or the\\nSources of the Susquehanna, Cooper drew\\nupon the early recollections of his life and\\nhas described with minuteness affairs in-\\ncident to the settlement of the region by\\nhis father, who figures in the novel as\\nJudge Temple. It is an animated presen-\\ntation of the vigorous and picturesque\\ncountry life of its time and place and is\\nequally successful in its delineations of\\nnatural scenery. Then in Home as Found\\nwe are introduced to the descendants of\\nthe characters of The Pioneers and to\\nCooperstown about 1835. In its day it was\\nmost unpopular for its criticisms of Amer-\\nican faults as seen by one who had dwelt\\nabroad for some years, and it is unfortu-\\nnate also in being made the vehicle for\\nan account of a squabble between Cooper\\nand his townspeople. In Wyandotte, or\\n17", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "the Hutted Knoll, Cooper again returns\\nto the Otsego. It narrates the settlement\\nof an English family in the vicinity of\\nthe lake about the commencement of the\\nRevolution, and abounds in quiet scenes of\\nsylvan beauty and incidents of a calmer\\ncharacter than are usual in Cooper s fic-\\ntions.\\nThe associations of Cooper with this\\npretty lake are well expressed in verse in\\na short anonymous poem which Henry W.\\nLongfellow thought worthy of a page in\\nhis anthology, Poems of Places. Some\\nof its stanzas are as follows:\\nO haunted lake, from out whose silver fountains\\nThe mighty Susquehanna takes its rise;\\nO haunted lake, among the pineclad mountains,\\nForever smiling upward to the skies.\\nA master s hand hath painted all thy beauties;\\nA master s hand hath peopled all thy shore\\nWith wraiths of mighty hunters and fair maidens,\\nA master s heart hath gilded all thy valley\\nWith golden splendor from a loving breast,\\nAnd in thy little churchyard, neath the pine trees,\\nA master s body sleeps in quiet rest.\\nCooper s daughter, Susan Fenimore, who\\ndied here but a few years ago, inherited\\nher father s love for Otsego and the Sus-\\nquehanna, and in Rural Homes, which\\nwas published in the year before her father\\ndied, she charmingly and without extrava-\\ngances described the scenery around her\\nhome in Cooperstown. She is the author of\\nother works showing her appreciation of\\ncountry life. In Cooperstown she is\\nesteemed for her charities.\\nThe happy touch of Willis rechristened\\nand made famous so many spots in the\\nHighlands of the Hudson that Idlewild\\nis more known as his home than Glen-\\nmary, near the Susquehanna. Yet some\\nof the happiest years of his life were spent\\non the little place near Owego, which he\\npoetically named for his wife. Al Abri,\\nor Letters From Under a Bridge, gives us\\nan intimate sympathy with him at Glen-\\ninary, and contains descriptions of that\\nportion of the Susquehanna which are writ-\\nten in his most graceful vein. He finds ma-\\nterial where others would see nothing, and\\n18", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "so we get wonderfully interested in the\\nlittle brook and the venerable toad and a\\ndozen places and creatures that to others\\nwould seem commonplace. Similar delicate\\nfancies characterize his petition To the\\nUnknown Purchaser and Next Occupant of\\nGlenmary, written when financial troubles\\ncompelled him to return to New York and\\nbuckle down to steady labor. On the other\\nhand, his Revery at Glenmary is the\\nmost sincerely devout of all his religious\\npoems, while others of this kind, A\\nThought Over a Cradle, A Mother f o\\nHer Child, Thoughts While Making the\\nGrave of a Newborn Child, let us see the\\nsacreduess of his domestic life at Owego.\\nThe neighborhood of Owego is also re-\\nflected in various short poems by William\\nHenry Cuyler Hosiner, who is, perhaps,\\nbetter known as the poet of the Genesee\\nthan of the Susquehanna. A Voice From\\nGlenmary is a tribute to the memory of\\nthe first Mrs. Willis. Other poems by him\\nwhich I noticed were: Fir-Croft, The\\nDeserted Hall, Lament for Sa-sa-na,\\nA Hunting Song, A Cascade Near\\nWyoming and Lake Wyalusing.\\nThe satirical genius of James K. Paul-\\nding links him to the Susquehanna in a\\npeculiar way. In 1813. when Admiral\\nCockburn and his British fleet burned and\\nsacked the Maryland village of Havre de\\nGrace, at the mouth of the Susquehanna.\\nPaulding published The Lay of the Scot-\\ntish Fiddle, supposed to be written by\\nWalter Scott. It is a free parody of the\\nLay of the Last Minstrel, and is both\\na satire of the Scottish poem and of the\\nBritish warfare on the Chesapeake. Some\\nof its descriptive bits show a close famili-\\narity with the mouth of the Susquehanna.\\nIt is clever as a parody, and had the dis-\\ntinction of provoking a fierce review from\\nthe London Quarterly.\\nThe vale of Wyoming is peculiarly rich\\nin its associations with literature. This is\\npartly due to its tragic story, partly to its\\nnatural beauty. Many of the later poets\\nhave been attracted to it by the Ger-\\ntrude of Thomas Campbell, which, in\\nthese days of Anglo-American ententes,\\nmay be recalled as being a pioneer in caus-\\n19", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "ing international good feeling. These are\\nhis familiar opening lines:\\nOn Susquehanna s side, fair Wyoming!\\nAlthough the wild flower on thy ruined wall\\nAnd roofless homes a sad remembrance bring\\nOf what thy gentle people did befall,\\nYet thou wert once the loveliest land of all\\nThat see the Atlantic wave their morn restore.\\nSweet land! May I thy lost delights recall,\\nAnd paint thy Gertrude in her bowers of yore,\\nWhose beauty was the love of Pennsylvania s shore.\\nDelightful Wyoming! beneath thy skies\\nThe happy shepherd swains had naught to do\\nBut feed their flocks on green declivities,\\nOr skim, perchance, the lake with light canoe.\\nFrom morn till evening s sweeter pastime grew,\\nWith timbrel, when beneath the forests brown,\\nThe lovely maidens would the dance renew;\\nAnd aye those sunny mountains half-way down\\nWould echo flageolet from some romantic town.\\nUnfortunately Campbell never saw the\\nvalley of Wyoming and his descriptions do\\nnot fit it. This is noticeable in the lines\\njust quoted, but more so in the next\\nstanza, where he says you may see the\\nflamingo disporting in the Susquehanna.\\nThe American poet, Fitz-Greene Halleck,\\npointed out this defect in a poem which\\nhe wrote when he first saw Wyoming.\\nHalleck says:\\nWhen thou com st, in beauty, on my gaze, at last,\\nOn Susquehanna s side, fair Wyoming!\\nImage of many a dream in hours long past,\\nWhen life was in its bud and blossoming,\\nAnd waters, gushing from the fountain spring\\nOf pure enthusiast thought, dimmed my young eyes\\nAs by the poet home, on unseen wing,\\nI breathed, in fancy, neath thy cloudless skies.\\nThe summer s air, and heard her echoed harmonies.\\nNature hath made thee lovelier than the power\\nEven of Campbell s pen hath pictured: he\\nHad woven, had he gazed one sunny hour\\nUpon thy smiling vale, its scenery\\nWith more of truth, and made each rock and tree\\nKnown like old friends and greeted from afar,\\nAnd there are tales of sad reality\\nT n the dark legends of the border war,\\nWith woes of deeper tint than his own Gertrude s\\nare.\\nTwo women writers who are warm in\\ntheir poetic praises of Wyoming and the\\nSusquehanna are Mrs. Lydia Huntley\\nSigourney and Mrs. Elizabeth Fries Ellet.\\n20", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Mrs. Sigourney wrote several poems about\\nWyoming. Zinzendorff, one of her long-\\nest, tells the story of that noble Moravian s\\nvisit to the Indians there. The Lily is\\nthe story of Frances Slocum, who was car-\\nried off by Indians in the Revolution and\\nfound half a century later as the head of\\nan Indian family. In The Meeting of the\\nSusquehanna and Lackawanna Mrs.\\nSigourney says:\\nRush on, glad stream, in thy power and pride,\\nTo claim the hand of thy promised bride\\nShe doth haste from the realm of the darkened\\nmine\\nTo mingle her murmured vows with thine;\\nYe have met\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ye have met, and the shores prolong\\nThe liquid notes of your nuptial song.\\nOn, on, through the vale where the brave ones sleep.\\nWhere the waving foliage is rich and deep,\\nI have stood on the mountain and roamed through\\nthe glen\\nTo the beautiful homes of the Western men;\\nYet naught in that realm of enchantment could see\\nSo fair as the vale of Wyoming to me.\\nMrs. Ellet, who is best known as the\\nauthor of a History of Women of the\\nAmerican Revolution, wrote these beauti-\\nful descriptive lines:\\nSoftly the blended light of evening rests\\nUpon thee, lovely stream Thy gentle tide,\\nPicturing the gorgeous beauty of the sky,\\nOnward, unbroken by the ruffling wind,\\nMajestically flows. Oh! by thy. side,\\nFar from the tumults and the throng of men,\\nAnd the vain cares that vex poor human life,\\nfwere happiness to dwell, alone with thee,\\nAnd the wide, solemn grandeur of the scene.\\nFrom thy green shores, the mountains that inclose\\nIn their vast sweep the beauties of the plain,\\nSlowly receding, toward the skies ascend,\\nEnrobed with clustering woods, o er which the\\nsmile\\nOf Autumn in his loveliness hath passed,\\nTouching the foliage with his brilliant hues,\\nAnd flinging o er the lowliest leaf and shrub\\nHis golden livery. On the distant heights\\nSoft clouds, earth-based, repose, and stretch afar\\nTheir burnished summits in the clear, blue Heaven,\\nFlooded with splendor, that the dazzled eye\\nTurns drooping from the sight. Nature is here\\nLike a throned sovereign, and thy voice doth tell,\\nIn music never silent, of her power.\\nNor are thy tones unanswered, where she builds\\nSuch monuments of regal sway.\\n21", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "Alexander Wilson, the first American\\nornithologist, gained much information\\nabout birds during a walking trip from\\nPhiladelphia to Niagara in October, 1804.\\nThis journey he described in a lengthy\\npoem, The Foresters, which is com-\\nmended for the ardent love of nature there-\\nin revealed. He pasesd up the Susque-\\nhanna from Wilkesbarre to Athens, and\\nnarrates many incidents along the way.\\nIt has been less than a century since then,\\nbut the valley has wonderfully changed\\nsince he described it, as these lines of his\\nwill show:\\nAnd now Wyomi opened on our view,\\nAnd, far beyond, the Alleghany blue,\\nImmensely stretched; upon the plain below\\nThe painted roofs with gaudy colors glow,\\nAnd Susquehanna s glittering stream is seen\\nWinding in stately pomp through valle5 T s green.\\nHail, charming river! pure, transparent flood!\\nUnstained by noxious swamps or choking mud;\\nThundering through broken rocks in whirling foam,\\nOr pleased o er beds of glittering sand to roam;\\nGreen be thy banks, sweet forest-wandering stream;\\nStill may thy waves with finny treasures teem;\\nThe silvery shad and salmon crowd thy shores,\\nThy tall woods echoing to the sounding oars.\\nOn thy swollen bosom floating piles appear,\\nFilled with the harvest of our rich frontier;\\nThy pine-browned cliffs, thy deep romantic vales,\\nWhere wolves now wander and the panther wails;\\nWhere at long intervals the hut forlorn\\nPeeps from the verdure of embowering corn;\\nIn future times (nor distant far the day)\\nShall glow from crowded towns and villas gay;\\nUnnumbered keels thy deepened course divide,\\nAnd airy arches pompously bestride\\nThe domes of Science and Religion rise,\\nAnd millions swarm where now a forest lies.\\nA fine tribute to the Susquehanna is con-\\ntained in Thomas Buchanan Head s New\\nPastoral, which is a series of poetic\\nsketches of the emigration of a family\\nfrom middle Pennsylvania to Illinois. In\\nit are these lines:\\nI have seen\\nIn lands less free, less fair, but far more known,\\nThe streams which flow through history, and wash\\nThe legendary shores\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and cleave in twain\\nOld capitals and towns, dividing oft\\nGreat empires and estates of petty kings\\nAnd princes, whose domains full many a field,\\nRustling with maize along our native West,\\n22", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Outmeasme and might put to shame! and yet\\nNor Rhine, like Bacchus crowned and reeling\\nthrough\\nHi* hills\u00e2\u0080\u0094 nor Danube, marred with tyranny,\\nHis dull waves moaning on Hungarian shores\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nNor rapid Po, his opaque waters pouring\\nAthwart the fairest, fruitfulest, and worst\\nEnslaved of European lands\u00e2\u0080\u0094 nor Seine,\\nWinding uncertain through inconstant France-\\nAre half so fair as thy broad stream, whose breast\\nIs gemmed with many isles, and whose proud name\\nShall yet become among the names of rivers\\nA synonym of beauty\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Susquehanna\\nIn his Wagoner of the Alleghanies\\nRead also speaks in similar strain of\\nWhere queenly Susquehanna smiles\\nProud in the grace of her thousand isles.\\nPraise of the Susquehanna not unlike\\nMr. Read s is to be found in many sonnets\\nof Mr. Lloyd Mifflin, whose home is at Co-\\nlumbia, Pa., and who has recently attract-\\ned much attention. In My Native Stream\\nhe says:\\nTo Vallambrosian valleys let them go,\\nTo steep Sorrento, or where ilex trees\\nOast their gray shadows o er Sicilian seas;\\nDream at La Conca d Oro, catch the glow\\nOf sunset on the Ischian hills, and know\\nThe blue Ionian inlets, where the breeze,\\nLeaving some snow-white temple s Phidian frieze,\\nWafts their light shallop languorously slow.\\nLet me be here, far off from Zante s shore.\\nWhere Susquehanna spreads her liquid miles,\\nTo watch the circles from the dripping oar;\\nTo see her halcyon dip, her eagle soar;\\nTo drift at evening round her Indian isles,\\nOr dream at noon beneath the sycamore.\\nAnd in The Susquehanna From the\\nCliff, written from Chiquesaluuga Rock,\\nnear his home, Mr. Mifflin says:\\nUpon Salunga s laureled brow at rest\\nWith evening and with thee, as in a dream,\\nLife flows unrippled even as thy stream.\\nBelow the islands jewel all thy breast.\\nThe dying glories of the crimson west\\nAve mirrored on thy surface till they seem\\nAnother sunset, and we fondly deem\\nThe splendors endless, e en as those possessed\\nIn youth, which sink, alas! to duller hue\\nAs years around us darken and but few\\nFaint stars appear, as now appear in thee.\\nHow softly round thy clustered rocks of blue\\nThou murmurest onward Oh may we pursue\\nOur way as calmly to the eternal sea.\\n23", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "Mr Mifflin s home town, Columbia, was\\nthe scene of some incidents in the excft\\naom of Anglesey, whose story was firs*\\nintroduced into fiction by Smoflett in*\\nPeregrine Pickle.- and has sincTbeen re\\npeated in Florence Macarthy, in Scott s\\nGuy Mannering, and more particularly\\nm Charles Reade s well-known novel The\\nWandering Heir. xae\\nThe boys of this generation who have a\\nfondness for tales of adventures have had\\nthe lr mterest awakened in the Susquehan\\nna and particularly the Wyoming district\\nby the fiction of Edward S. Ellis a Trei\\non schoolmaster, who has written harf a\\nhundred stories of Indian times. One se\\ncall e d y th^2w\u00c2\u00b0 mP iSin f three flumes, fs\\ncalled the Wyoming Series, and in an-\\nnesfserTe 1 X* Ri \u00e2\u0084\u00a2ld*r-\\nsetting Same region furni shes a\\nHad we gone further, this letter might\\nbe a day s job for you. Of local historians\\nthe Susquehanna has had a hundred\\nir^liTi W ri\u00c2\u00b0 m are ^oxning s S-\\nCol wm. A V Ch fP m an, Charles Miner,\\nCol. William L. Stone, George Peck Sten\\nben Jenkins, Hendrick B. Wright! StewS\\nPierce and others-Dr. William H Bgll 3\\nHarnsburg, and J. N. Meginness, of Wil\\nhamsport, whose Otzinachson is a store-\\nhouse of West Branch Indian lore. Many\\nballad writers and local versifiers might\\nbe added, and in the domain of fiction\\ncould be dug up many titles of historical\\nor TonTat ^V? bUt *\u00c2\u00bbS\\nor none at all. So, too, one could include the\\nwhole literature of that noble Indian U\\ngan beginning with his speech as reported\\nunon t\u00c2\u00b0hT S effer S n His \u00c2\u00b0*rthplac P e was\\nhis M Hv SuSQUehanna,s banks and there\\nms eail.v years were spent. But in what\\nI have quoted I am sure there is enough to\\nconvince you that poets love the sSfquS\\nhanna and that this great river has not\\ngone unsung. oc\\n24", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "IV.\\nCOOPER S GLIMMERGLASS.\\nCoopebstown, Otsego County, N. Y.,\\nAug. 18.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 If you dislike the novels of J.\\nFeniinore. Cooper you may find it a sorry\\njob to come here, for his genius made\\nCooperstown classic and Cooperstown is\\ngrateful.\\nWe have not many of these shrines of lit-\\nerary men in America and for that reason\\nCooperstown is rather unique. But the\\nEuropean traveler can surmise just what\\nwill be found here if he recalls his visits\\nto the homes of Scott, of Burns, of Shakes-\\npeare, of a score of other famous members\\nof the authors guild.\\nWhen we came by train we were driven\\ndown Leatherstocking street to the Feni-\\nrnore House. The conversation of the\\nothers at our first meal dwelt upon the\\nbeauties of Otsego Lake as written up by\\nCooper. Upon the front porch we noticed\\nmany delving into the pages of some one\\nor other of his novels, possibly reading\\nthem over to refreshen themselves upon\\nthe spot, but maybe secretly getting ac-\\nquainted for the first time in order to\\njoin in the prevailing topic of conversa-\\ntion.\\nLeaving the hotel for a stroll east on\\nMain street, we observed the bookstores\\ndisplaying Cooper literature and appropri-\\nate photographs, while the next-door mer-\\nchant was trying to attract our attention\\nto his souvenir china and his Cooper\\nspoons.\\nPresently we crossed Pioneer street and\\na block farther turned through handsome\\nmarble gates into a pretty park whose\\ncentre is occupied by an exquisite statue\\nof Cooper s noblest Indian mounted upon\\nan immense bowlder of syenite. Upon this\\n25", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "spot, we were told, was Cooper s handsome\\nhome, Otsego Hall, which was burned soon\\nafter his death in 1851.\\nPassing out of the little park by its up-\\nper gate, a few steps farther eastward\\nbrought us to the yard of Christ Church,\\nwhere the distinguished novelist lies buried.\\nI cannot exactly describe it, but some-\\nhow or other it reminded me of the yard\\nof the famous edifice at Stratford, within\\nwhose walls Shakespeare rests. The Strat-\\nford church is a finer building, but this\\nAmerican one has its own merit and for\\npicturesque surroundings is fully equal to\\nthe other. It stands near the green banks\\nof the Susquehanna, as the Stratford\\nchurch does near the banks of the Avon\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nbut the banks of the Susquehanna are\\nhigher and bolder and more embowered,\\nand it is placed in a landscape of greater\\nvariety than that of the Avon. The\\ngrounds about the church are shaded with\\nnoble and venerable pines, elms and ma-\\nples, and beneath them have been laid,\\nside by side, five generations of the Cooper\\nfamily. The novelist sleeps beside his wife\\nunder a flat marble slab turned dark with-\\nin the half century.\\nA few feet away lies his father, William\\nCooper\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the founder of Cooperstown\u00e2\u0080\u0094 aft-\\nerward judge of the county of Otsego and\\nits first representative in Congress. The\\nfather was a New Jersey man who, having\\nacquired a large tract in the valley of the\\nSusquehanna and around the lower shores\\nof the lake, came here in 1786 to reside\\nand to improve his land. It was then a\\nwilderness, still echoing the red man s\\ntread and dwelt in by but few white men.\\nAn occasional trapper or colonial soldier\\nhad strayed this way. Then in 1779 Gen.\\nJames Clinton brought his army here to go\\ndown the Susquehanna to join General\\nSullivan. And in 1783 Washington made a\\nspecial trip here from the Mohawk Valley\\nto study the possibilities of the Susque-\\nhanna for inland navigation.\\nThe place which Judge Cooper founded\\nearly became the centre of a circle of cul-\\ntivated and refined men and women, such\\nas is rarely found in a village of its size.\\nIt has retained that tone through the cen-\\n26", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "tury and has added to it greatly in recent\\nyears by becoming an attractive summer\\nresting place for city dwellers of wealth\\nand culture. Many such have their homes\\nhere in these months and many others\\nyearly rent cottages in order to find sweet\\nretreat in a village beautiful for situation,\\nhealthy because high, pretty in its out-\\nward evidences, possessing historic inter-\\nest, yet not ultra-fashionable nor loud\\nand stylish.\\nNext to Cooper s, the name most often\\nheard here is that of Clark, or Clarke.\\nThe upper eastern end of Otsego s shores\\nhas been for a century a part of the big\\nestate of a family of the latter mode of\\nspelling, while the millions made by a resi-\\ndent who spelt his name without the e\\nhave been generously used to promote the\\nwelfare and attractiveness of Cooperstown\\nin many ways. The pretty park on the\\nsite of Cooper s home and its beautiful cen-\\ntre statue are both a memorial to Cooper\\nfrom Mrs. Alfred Corning Clark, whose\\nhandsome home is near by and who has also\\nerected a series of fine gray stone buildings\\nin front of the park. The most striking\\nof these has been donated as a village li-\\nbrary, another as a home and gymnasium\\nfor the Y. M. C. A., while the third con-\\ntains the offices of the Clark estate. The\\nfather of Mrs. Clark s dead husband was\\nEdward Clark, who made his fortune by a\\nsewing machine invention.\\nA minute s walk from Christ Church\\nyard and we were beside the Susquehanna.\\nThough only a few hundred feet from its\\nbeginning the bends and overhanging\\ntrees jealously hid the lake from us. As\\nwe stopped a short while admiring the\\nplacid beauty of the little stream that is\\ndestined to large things ere it loses its\\nidentity, I could not help recalling what\\nWillis wrote after he had stood there in\\nthe same admiring frame of mind. The\\nSusquehanna breaks out of the lake just\\nat Cooper s door, he said, and it is a\\nmagnificent river as his is a magnificent\\nmind. As a twin-fountain head of intellect\\nthat honors the country and waters that\\nfertilize it, it is a spot that has a good\\nright to be famous.\\n27", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "Presently we were upon the shores of\\nthe lake. We have been in Cooperstown\\nfor several days now and have taken every\\nopportunity to see Cooper s Glimmer-\\nglass from its many vantage points, but,\\nthough it has been intensified, I do not\\nthink I shall ever quite forget the beauty\\nof the lake as I first saw it. It is a body\\nof deep, clear blue water, about nine miles\\nlong and from three-quarters of a mile\\nto two miles wide, extending from north\\nto south and lying between rather abrupt\\nand densely wooded low mountains on\\nthe east and gently sloping beautiful and\\ngracefully rounded hills on the west. The\\nalmost unbroken forest of the eastern side\\noffers combinations of color rarely equaled\\nfor beauty and variety and wonderfully\\nheightened on this first view by the gold\\nand red of the sinking sun. The west side s\\neasier slopes were covered with a variety\\nof farm crops, richly cultivated fields,\\nmeadows and pastures, among which are\\nquiet farmhouses and more costly summer\\nhomes, forming in all a scene of great pas-\\ntoral beauty.\\nThe north end of the lake bends to the\\nwest, and it was not possible to see the\\nhead, but in its stead we had a beautiful\\nview of the bold wooded mountain which\\nfrom its outline is often called the Sleep-\\ning Lion, but whose true name is Mount\\nWellington, after a certain Iron Duke.\\nNearer at hand, on the east side, is a\\npeculiar structure rising out of the water,\\napparently a stone lighthouse built regard-\\nless of expense. This is Kingfisher\\nTower, designed like a mediaeval castle\\nand erected to a height of 60 feet. Its\\nmain windows are brilliant with stained\\nglass, its roof glistens with red earthen\\ntiles and on its land side is a drawbridge\\nand portcullis. This odd view-structure\\nwas put up in 1876 by the late Edward\\nClark.\\nA cleared spot on the mountain side\\nabove Kingfisher Tower was the farm of\\nFenimore Cooper, The Chalet, where he\\ndaily rode or walked to seek relaxation\\nfrom mental labors by directing its tillage.\\nNearer to Cooperstown on the same side is\\nLakewood Cemetery, in which there is a\\n28", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "monument to Cooper, a slender marble\\nshaft surmounted by a statuette of\\nLeatherstocking, in which the old\\nscout, clad in a hunting shirt, with deer-\\nskin cap and leggins, leans on his long rifle\\nand looks wistfully across the Otsego over\\nthe hills toward the West. His dog, Hec-\\ntor, is at his feet, looking up into the\\nold hunter s face. The monument has va-\\nrious emblems illustrative of Cooper s In-\\ndian and sea novels.\\nYou will recall Cooper s loving description\\nof the lake in the first chapter of The Deer-\\nslayer. It is often quoted in full by later\\nwriters who describe their visits here. It\\nwas, in Deerslayer s day, a broad sheet\\nof water, so placid and limpid that it re-\\nsembled a bed of the pure mountain at-\\nmosphere compressed into a setting of\\nbills and woods. Its most striking pecu-\\nliarities were its solemn solitude and\\nsweet repose. On all sides, wherever\\nthe eye turned, nothing met it but the\\nmirror-like surface of the lake, the placid\\nview of heaven, and the dense setting of\\nwoods. So rich and fleecy were the out-\\nlines of the forest that scarce an opening\\ncotild be seen, the whole visible earth,\\nfrom the rounded mountain top to the\\nwater s edge, presenting one unvaried line\\nof unbroken verdure.\\nIt is easy for me now to comprehend the\\ndelight of Deerslayer when he first viewed\\nthis glorious picture of affluent forest\\ngrandeur relieved by the beautiful variety\\nafforded by the presence of so broad an ex-\\npanse of water. And we feel satisfied,\\ntoo, at the appropriateness of the name\\nGlimmerglass when we gaze upon the\\nsurface as smooth as glass and as limpid\\nas pure air, throwing back the mountains,\\nclothed in dark pines, along the whole of\\nits eastern boundary, the points thrusting\\nforward their trees even to nearly hori-\\nzontal lines, while the bays are glittering\\nthrough an occasional arch beneath, left\\nby a vault fretted with branches and\\nleaves.\\nNot only do we admire the lake when\\nits surface is so mirror-like that it reflects\\nthe pines as if it would throw back the\\nhills that hang over it. For with the rip-\\n29", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "pies come new beauties, new brilliancies\\nof coloring, wonderful tints, a sheen not\\nsingle, but made of many pure colors.\\nFor quiet beauty, for picturesqueness of\\nform and outline, for charming atmos\\npheric effects, this highland lake is often\\ntruly compared to the famous lakes of Eu-\\nrope. It can lay no claim to grandeur, as\\nthe novelist s daughter.. Miss Susan Feni-\\nmore Cooper, has written, yet there is\\nharmony in the different parts of the pic-\\nture, which gives it much merit and which\\nmust always excite a lively feeling of\\npleasure. The hills are a charming setting\\nfor the lake at their feet, neither so lofty\\nas to belittle the sheet of water, nor so\\nlow as to be tame and commonplace; there\\nis abundance of wood on their swelling\\nridges to give the charm of forest scenery,\\nenough of tillage to add the varied in-\\nterest of cultivation; the lake with its\\nclear, placid waters lies gracefully beneath\\nthe mountains, flowing here into a quiet\\nlittle bay, there skirting a wooded point,\\nfilling its ample basin, without encroaching\\non its banks by a rood of marsh or bog.\\nAround the whole the pen of Cooper has\\nthrown a halo of romance of such power\\nand such exactitude in description that\\nwhen you begin by picking out the sites\\nof the different incidents of The Deer-\\nslayer, you end by forgetting that the\\ncharacters never lived and invest the spots\\nwith a real historic interest. Every little\\npoint has been portrayed with a wealth of\\ndetail that makes the story as real as the\\nplace itself. The brain of the novelist was\\nmost cunning with the spots he had loved\\nand cherished from boyhood.\\nAs we rode up the lake on one of its lit-\\ntle steamers, with Mount Vision on our\\nright, Hannah s Hill opposite, Mount Wel-\\nlington ahead and round Council Rock be-\\nhind at the Susquehanna s start, we\\nseemed to see Natty Bumppo s skiff glid-\\ning along with caution for fear of hostile\\nredskins: to hear Hurry Harry s voice; to\\ncatch a glimpse of brilliant, handsome,\\nwillful Judith, her gentler sister Hetty,\\nand the wise, brave, true-minded Deer-\\nslayer. Incident after incident of Cooper s\\nnovels came to mind and we looked with\\n30", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "eagerness for Leatherstocking s cave, on\\nMount Vision, where Chingachgook died;\\nfor Rat Cove, for Point Judith, for Leath-\\nerstoeking Falls, for Wild Rose Point,\\nwhere many exciting incidents were lo-\\ncated; for Gravelly Point, where Deer-\\nslayer killed his first Indian; for the canyon\\non Five-Mile Point, where he hid \\\\mder a\\nfallen tree from 40 Indians; for Hutter s\\nPoint, where he first viewed the Gliin-\\nmerglass, and finally for the shoal spot\\nsupposed to be the site of the sunken is-\\nland where Hutter and his daughters had\\ndwelt in Muskrat Castle.\\nThus to the pleasure of a ride upon a\\nbeautiful lake was added the charm of\\ntracing the scenes of a great work of fic-\\ntion. The boat passed by various costly\\ncountry homes and stopped at many little\\nlandings in front of cottages peopled with\\nouting parties. This part of the trip\\nformed still another kind of diversion.\\nYears ago Cooper predicted that Otsego\\nwould become a favorite summer resort. It\\nseems to have come true.\\nChance gave us the opportunity of seeing\\nOtsego in another way \\\\ipon the same day.\\nIn the morning our boat ride was taken, in\\nthe afternoon we drove around the lake\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\na rare pleasure. A constant succession of\\nlovely vistas was encountered but the\\nfinest part of the drive was in the long\\nstretch of winding road beneath overarch-\\ning trees, which afforded a delightful\\nsense of seclusion. It was the capstone\\nof our edifice of charming memories of the\\nGlimmerglass. T shall ever love Cooper\\nthe more for having introduced this lake\\nto fame, and to me.\\n31", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "V.\\nTWO MODERN EXPLORERS.\\nRichfield Springs, Otsego County, N.\\nY., Aug. 19.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Yesterday, when we were sit-\\nting on the porch of the Fenimore House,\\nat Cooperstown, I said to my wife:\\nHow wouid you like to be an explorer?\\nI am willing, was her reply; but is\\nthere anything left for us to discover?\\nCome with me tomorrow, I remarked\\nmysteriously.\\nThat is how we happen to be here at\\nRichfield Springs today.\\nI can already hear you remarking that\\nRichfield is not an unknown land, and that\\nthousands and thousands have been here\\nbefore me. That attitude is because I\\nhave not explained myself. Maybe when\\nI get through you will be willing to rank\\nme with Stanley and Peary and a few\\nother men of equal renown. Maybe not.\\nThat is for you to decide.\\nYou see, it all came about in this way:\\nThe geographers and the cyclopsedists in-\\nvariably tell you that the Susquehanna\\nhas its source in Otsego lake. I wasn t\\nsatisfied with that. Why not get farther\\nback? said I to myself. Not that I wished\\nto rob Cooper s beautiful lake of any of\\nits glory. I admire it too greatly. But I\\nwas coached in school by a professor who\\nwas a great stickler for all the facts, and\\n;is my purpose is to tell everything about\\nthe Susquehanna, I determined to go on a\\nhunt for the Susquehanna s farthest head-\\nwaters.\\nThe other day, when we drove all the\\nway around Otsego, we crossed several\\nbrooks that evidently emptied into the\\nlake. Possibly their source may be what\\nI aim to find, said I to myself. So, when\\nwe returned to Cooperstown, I hunted up\\na detailed map of this region, and from\\n32", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "that map I made various deductions, which\\nfinally led up to our getting to Richfield to-\\nday.\\nQueer way to be an explorer! I can\\nhear you exclaim. To have a map! The\\nidea! Well, wait a bit before you again\\neast suspicions on my claim.\\nI found that three brooks of some length,\\nbut of small size, come into the upper end\\nof Otsego lake. One is three miles long,\\nanother six, the third eight. I had about\\ndetermined upon one of these streams,\\nwhen the lake which lies here below Rich-\\nfield Springs caught my eye. It is just as\\ntruly one of the sources of the Susque-\\nhanna as is its larger, more beautiful and\\nmore romantic rival back over the hills\\nyonder to the east. Its outlet, Oak creek,\\nmeets the waters from Otsego Lake four\\nmiles below Cooperstown. It is not much\\nof a meeting, because the Susquehanna is\\nsmall and Oak creek smaller still.\\nOak Creek is nearly if not quite fourteen\\nmiles long from Richfield s lake. The lat-\\nter, formerly known as Schuyler s lake\\nfrom an early settler, but now repossessing\\nits Indian name of Canadarago is four\\nmiles long. Into its upper end, after flow-\\ning through the village of Richfield\\nSprings, comes a stream whose length is\\neight miles, called Ocquionis by the In-\\ndians and Fish creek by the whites.\\nIf you will add up my figures, reader, and\\ncompare them, you will see that the source\\nof Fish creek is the farthest headwater oi\\nthe Susquehanna. And you will begin to\\nunderstand why two modern explorers\\ndrove today from Cooperstown to Rich-\\nfield and beyond. And why I feel a bit\\ntickled at the idea of having added more\\nthan twenty miles to the generally ac-\\ncepted length of the Susquehanna. Of\\ncourse, carping critics would raise a hue\\nand cry, but what care I, serene in my\\nown conceit.\\nWe found the springs which give rise to\\nFish creek in a high, hilly country north\\nof Richfield toward the beautiful Mo-\\nhawk Valley. In fact, a mile or two beyond\\nthere was a fine outlook. There was the\\ndividing ridge. The rainwater which\\n33", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "falls at one place passes into the Mohawk\\nand so into the Hudson. The rain not\\nfar away reaches the Chesapeake by way\\nof the Susquehanna. Those old maxims\\nabout small beginnings came into our\\nminds as we realized just where we were.\\nFrom there the mouth of the Susquehanna\\nwas nearly 450 miles away. By that route\\nit was nearly 700 miles to the ocean. By\\nthe Mohawk 200 miles would bring the\\nchance raindrop to the great sea. It is fan-\\nciful, I know, but I almost endowed the\\ndrops with feeling and felt pity for them\\nthat half should be borne by Nature s\\nchance so far from their brothers.\\nA more odd evidence of this parting of\\nthe waters is found in Summit lake,\\nwhich is four miles north of Otsego lake.\\nIn ordinary times it s outlet is one of\\nthe brooks which I have mentioned as flow-\\ning into Otsego. But in high water\\nanother outlet carries half of it north into\\nthe Mohawk.\\nThe drive along Fish creek is one of the\\nmany popular ones in the neighborhood of\\nRichfield. The stream runs between good\\nhills, and is very generally bordered by\\nsteep banks. Two fine estates are reached\\nby this drive\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cullen wood, the home of\\nCol. William Cullen Crain, and the Cruger\\nMansion, a fine antique stone structure\\noverlooking the Mohawk Valley, and origi-\\nnally the manor house of an estate of 26,-\\n000 acres. Jordanville is the name of a\\nlittle hamlet near the spot where Fish\\ncreek begins. This, by the way, is in an-\\nother shire than Otsego, for Warren town-\\nship, in which Fish creek rises, is in Her-\\nkimer county.\\nIt is a rather curious fact that, before the\\ndays of dams and other artificial obstruc-\\ntions in the Susquehanna, shad in the\\nspring actually reached Fish creek from\\nthe Chesapeake and were caught in abun-\\ndance in these waters. In fact, lamenta-\\ntions over the loss of the shad are common\\namong the old inhabitants of the entire\\nUpper Susquehanna.\\nThe country about Richfield Springs is\\ncertainly a diversified one, with many hills\\nof varied heights and quite a series of little\\nlakes and blue ponds. We had a splendid\\n34", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "opportunity to grasp this fact this morn-\\ning, for, on our drive from Cooperstown,\\nwe climbed Mount Otsego and there had a\\nbeautiful panoramic view. Once this high\\nsummit was called Rum Hill, but that\\nphase of culture and progress which gets\\nin its work on ugly and queer names was\\nsuccessful here. The summit is 2,800 feet\\nabove sea level and 1,600 feet above the\\nlevel of Otsego lake. It is easily the\\nhighest point in this region, and for that\\nreason the observatory which lifts its head\\nabove the trees on the mountain crest has\\nthe advantage of being able to command\\nan extensive view in every direction. I\\nhonestly deem it one of the finest out ook\\npoints I have ever visited, though it has its\\nlimitations, as we discovered when we\\ntried to rind Cooperstown, which we had\\nleft six miles behind, or Richfield Springs,\\nwhich lay the same distance northwest.\\nBoth were hidden behind the ridges of\\njealous hills. This was the more notice-\\nable because almost the whole length of\\nOtsego lake reflected blue far beneath us.\\nNorthward the Adirondacks were clearly\\nseen. To the northeast the Green Moun-\\ntains of Vermont were dimmer. So, too,\\nwere the hills of Western Massachusetts.\\nTo the southeast the Catskills were plain.\\nA ridge of the Alleghanies limned the hori-\\nzon on the south, while on the west and\\nnorthwest it was bounded by the hills of\\nChenango, Madison and Oneida counties.\\nThe two great mountain ranges of this\\nState and that of another State were thus\\nrevealed, 60 to 80 miles away. The highest\\npeaks of the Adirondacks were easily\\npicked out.\\nWe were much amused by the grandilo-\\nquence of a man whom I may with pro-\\npriety call the view-expounder. We\\nreached the top some minutes before him\\nand thus had an opportunity to drink in\\nthe wonderful panorama before he broke in\\nupon us. His first statement was that the\\nview from Mount Otsego comprehended\\n9 States and 40 counties. Then, with\\na general sweep of his hand, he indicated\\nthe whole course of the Hudson, from the\\nAdirondacks to New York city. Then he\\npointed out the Alleghanies down inPenn-\\n35", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "sylvania, and presently, taking up a poor\\nfield glass, he picked out some forest fires\\nin the Adirondacks. It was kind of him to\\nthus retail an item which had been in yes-\\nterday s papers, but unfortunately for his\\nveracity these fires were upon the north\\nside of the Adirondacks, fully 200 miles\\naway.\\nEvery minute I expected him to point out\\nCanada, or Boston, or the monument at\\nWashington. But he refrained.\\nRichfield, of course, is famous for its sul-\\nphur springs, which are considered the\\nstrongest in this country. I echoed the idea\\nwhen we entered the front room of the\\nelaborate series of bathhouses. In a foun-\\ntain in the centre the waters are made to\\nbubble and sparkle until they really look\\ntempting, but the odor of the place prompt-\\nly reminded me of a story of a countryman\\nwho was passing here when this spriug was\\nbeing uncovered and enlarged, 80 years ago.\\nSmallpox was prevalent in the neighbor-\\nhood, and when the farmer got a good\\nwhiff of the bad-egg odor, he whipped up\\nhis horse and with a groan exclaimed: Oh,\\nGod; I ve ketched it!\\nSitting in the trim little park in front of\\nthe bathing establishment and opposite the\\nleading hotel, the Earlington, I could not\\navoid contrasting the past and present of\\nRichfield. The springs were noted for their\\nhealing qualities among the Mohawk In-\\ndians, but it was not until 1820 that a\\nyoung physician thought of booming the\\nplace as an invalid resort. Boarders came\\nat $1.25 a week, and were then merely\\noutlanders in a rich cheese-making coun-\\ntry.\\nToday living costs 20 times the sum\\nnamed, and Richfield is famous and fash-\\nionable, its popularity largely due to the\\nfavor of that section of the smart set\\nwhich prefers an inland watering place\\nmore select thau Saratoga. Its chief ave-\\nnue is lined with hotels. There are in and\\nnear the town the summer homes of many\\nwealthy folk. Golf links have made de-\\nmands upon near-by fields. East Indian\\ngymkhana races and a horse show hold\\nforth at the fair grounds. Wheelmen and\\nwheel women spin around Lake Canadar-\\n36", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "ago. Tallyhos and stylish traps dispute\\nthe roads with them and with those in\\nthe saddle. An orchestra plays many num-\\nbers daily at the Earlington, and in other\\nways it is evident that wealth and ele-\\ngance dominate, at least in the summer.\\nYet with all this, the farmer has not\\nbeen elbowed out. His hay wagon or his\\ncarryall jogs in review past the Earliug-\\nton s porch parties side by side with the\\nfine coach or drag, while his hopfields and\\nhis cornfields are set over against the mil-\\nlionaire s lawn or handsome home. In-\\ndeed, you are hardly out of sight of the\\nhotels before you are in a land of farm-\\nworkers.\\nI might enjoy life here at Richfield were\\nI a cottager, but I am not so sure about\\nan extended stay at the hotels. The waters\\nare so widely praised as of value in cases\\nof rheumatism, gout, neuralgia and dis-\\neases of the blood and liver that many evi-\\ndent sufferers are here. Even though they\\nmay be of one s own set and warm friends,\\ntheir presence, it seems to me, cannot\\nhelp but act as a damper upon the gen-\\neral gayety.\\nThe bathing establishment affords an in-\\nteresting study of the approved methods of\\ntreating these health seekers. There are\\npulverization, inhalation, douche, vapor\\nand massage rooms, Turkish and Russian\\nbaths, sun baths, electric baths and a\\nlarge swimming pool of sulphur water. So\\nthat, if you choose, you can get saturated\\nwith sulphur externally and internally be-\\nfore you leave.\\nIf you have a woman friend whom you\\nhave reason to believe employs artificial\\naids in her toilet, advise her to stay away\\nfrom Richfield. Sulphur, you know, oxi-\\ndizes metallic cosmetics and the appear-\\nance of the cheeks under such circum-\\nstances is scarcely beautiful. Similar\\ntricks are played with one s jewelry.\\nThe estate of the late Cyrus H. McCor-\\nmick, of Chicago, who made millions by\\ninventing agricultural implements, is on\\nthe eastern slope of Sunset Hill, north of\\nthe town. Richard Croker has a stock farm\\nnear here, on which his family have been\\ndwelling this summer while the Tammany\\n37", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "leader has been abroad or busy in fixing up\\npolitical slates.\\nLake Canadarago is a favorite place for\\ndrives, canoe and steamboat trips and fish\\nand game suppers. It is a pretty sheet,\\nthough not to be compared with Otsego.\\nIn the centre is a wooded island. A legend\\nsaith that a corresponding island once\\nstood a short distance away, but that the\\nwrath of the Almighty suddenly sank it be-\\ncause a Mohawk healing prophet who\\ndwelt on it became so puffed with pride as\\nto proclaim himself the twin brother of\\nthe Great Spirit.\\nI have spoken of the drives to Cullen-\\nwood, to Lake Canadarago and to Mount\\nOtsego, but have said not a word of one\\nof the most noted\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that to the east past\\ntwo pretty little Twin Lakes, through\\nthe village of Springfield, at the head of\\nOtsego Lake, over into the historic Cherry\\nValley and on beyond for seven miles to\\nSharon Springs. The road followed is the\\nold State turnpike to Albany from the\\nwestern counties. To Cherry Valley is 15\\nmiles. Prom Cooperstown to Cherry Val-\\nley is about the same distance.\\nSharon is a watering place whose glory\\nas a summer resort has given way to popu-\\nlarity as a sanitarium. It has sulphur\\nsprings like those of Richfield, and also\\nchalybeate and magnesia springs. It has\\nall the water-cure treatments in vogue at\\nRichfield and, in addition, one may take\\nmud baths, pine needle baths and the Fa-\\nther Kneipp cure. These people the hotels\\nwith invalids. Formerly Sharon was a fa-\\nvorite place for wealthy German and He-\\nbrew citizens and was known as the\\nBaden-Baden of America.\\nHalf way between Sharon and Cherry\\nValley the road passes around the north or\\nouter side of Prospect Mountain, and we\\ngot grand valley views. The Mohawk Val-\\nley lay spread out 1,700 feet beneath us\\nfor an east and west distance of fully 80\\nmiles, shut in on the north by the Adiron-\\ndacks. It was a panorama different from\\nthat of Mount Otsego, yet equally fine.\\nI never think of Cherry Valley without\\nrecalling the delicate compliment of Willis\\nwhen he said it was La Vallee Cherie. It\\n38", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "is, indeed, a pretty and romantically sit-\\nuated valley, famed for the terrible mas-\\nsacre on November 11, 1778, when Joseph\\nBryant and his Indians with fire and the\\ntomahawk spread ruin and desolation\\nthrough the infant settlement, killing in\\nall 48 persons, many of them women and\\nchildren. In the village cemetery the\\nbones of the slain were later collected and\\nthere a small monument has been erected\\nto their memory. In the centre of the vil-\\nlage is another monument, put up to recall\\nthose of Cherry Valley who died, in the\\nCivil War.\\nCherry Valley was the first settlement\\nin this whole region. It was started in\\n1740 by John Lindesay. a Scotch gentle-\\nman of some fortune. In the first half of\\nthis century it was noted in New York\\nState as the residence of a coterie of fa-\\nmous lawyers and politicians. Prof. Sam-\\nuel F. B. Morse worked out much about his\\ntelegraph here. The late Douglas Camp-\\nbell the historian, was born here. Rev.\\nSolomon Spalding, reputed author of the\\nBook of Mormon, and Rev. Ehphalet\\nNott, the distinguished president of Union\\nCollege, were among the early principals\\nof Cherry Valley Academy.\\nTwo miles north of the village is Te-ka-\\nha-ra-nea falls, where a small brook falls\\n160 feet Cherry Valley White Sulphur\\nSprings are not far away. Cherry Valley\\ncreek, after a southwest course of 16\\nmiles, contributes its mite to the Susque-\\nhanna.\\nOur little excursions in this region are\\nended now. Tomorrow morning we return\\nto Cooperstown to start down the Susque-\\nhanna.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "VI.\\nTHRO THE HOP COUNTRY.\\nAfton, Chenango County, N. Y., Aug.\\n20. Before our departure from Coopers-\\ntown today a last visit was paid to the be-\\nginning of the Susquehanna, where the wa-\\nters of Lake Otsego glide into the narrow\\nchannel which by and by expands to be-\\ncome a mighty river.\\nSo pretty was the spot that we were\\nloath to leave it, though imagining well\\nhow much awaited us in the next 400\\nmiles. Standing long on the bridge which\\nis thrown across the stream a couple, of\\nhundred feet from the lake, we gazed down\\nupon as pretty a brook vista as can be seen\\nanywhere. Leafy trees and bushes over-\\nhung the water in profusion, and some\\ngrew quite in midstream, with their roots\\nclinging to mossy rocks. The water was so\\ncalm and clear as to reveal, with the aid\\nof a friendly sun, the charms of the river\\nbottom, and the stream seemed to us to\\nhave a mood akin to ours, unwilling to\\nleave the Glimmerglass for an onward\\nhurry to the Chesapeake. The whole scene\\nwas one of sylvan quiet, especially appre-\\nciated by most visitors because only a\\nminute s walk from the noise of Coopers-\\ntown s main street.\\nThe river has the same placid beauty\\nhere at Afton, 54 miles below Coopers-\\ntown. We saw it grow as we traveled with\\nit, saw it gradually spread from a width of\\n40 feet to- one of 300 feet. Yet, though it\\nhas frequently been stirred up by dams and\\nmillraces, and has received the waters of\\nvarious turbulent and noisy brooks, it still\\nseems content to be serene on a summer\\nday and passes quietly beneath the white\\nsuspension bridge which is but a short walk\\nfrom the centre of this pretty village. Prom\\n40", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "the bridge the banks present the same pic-\\nture of overhanging trees as at Coopers-\\ntown, though the wider river substitutes a\\nlake background for the brook vista up\\nabove.\\nThe river valley from Cooperstown has\\nthe same characteristics as the stream it-\\nself. Hemmed in by high uplands on each\\nside, it offered us a series of peaceful,\\npleasing scenes. The high, bounding hills\\nleave an intervale of a mile to a mile and\\na half. The hillsides have been largely al-\\nlowed to remain wooded, but often tracts\\nhave been cleared for crops or cattle, and\\nwe saw many cows browsing in the midst\\nof tree stumps far above the river. The rich\\nlands on the levels adjoining the river\\nbanks showed fine crops, and the general\\nwell-being of the farmers was evidenced\\nby their neat homes and filled barns. The\\nwhole region is noted for its dairying and\\nstock raising rather than for its farm\\nproducts.\\nA succession of just such pretty villages\\nas Afton broke in upon the farm scenery\\nand made interesting stopping points for\\nour train. Streets with arching trees gave\\nglimpses of well-ordered lawns and pretty\\nhomes. Some of the latter showed us\\nwhere modern ideas had brought in the\\nQueen Anne type of dwelling, but mostly\\nthey were of the two-storied, comfortable-\\nlooking type general in Central New York,\\nusually painted white, with green blinds.\\nThese villages occurred with regularity\\nevery three or four miles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Milford, Port-\\nlandville, Colliersville, Oneonta, Otego,\\nWells Bridge, Unadilla, Sidney, Bain-\\nbridge and Afton. They all have flour-\\nmills, sawmills and small factories and are\\nall typical villages save Oneonta and Sid-\\nney. These two have been pushed ahead\\nby railroad industry, the former decidedly\\nmore than the latter.\\nTwo railroads link these various Susque-\\nhanna villages and towns, and have con-\\ntributed largely to their growth in the last\\n30 years. From Cooperstown to Colliers-\\nville, 16 miles, we were carried by the\\nCooperstown and Charlotte Valley Rail-\\nroad, a small road whose building was due\\nto the former progressive spirit of Coop-\\n41", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "erstown citizens. Then we met the Al-\\nbany and Susquehanna division of the Del-\\naware and Hudson Railroad, which strikes\\nthe Susquehanna at Colliersville, where\\nthe river bends to the southwest, and runs\\nwith the river to Nineveh, below Afton,\\nwhere it aims across to Binghamton. It\\nis part of a short through route from Bos-\\nton to the West, and has frequent flyers\\nand fast trains. Its course is mainly on\\nthe west bank of the river.\\nThe trip from Cooperstown as far as\\nOneonta was emphatically a journey\\nthrough the hop country. This is the hop-\\npicking season and the groups at work\\namid myriads of tall poles added zest to\\nour sightseeing. Sometimes hundreds of\\nacres were given up to the picturesque\\nhop vines, while every farm owner along\\nthe river had at least an acre or two.\\nThe hopflelds were very inviting. During\\nthe summer the green and leafy vines had\\ncrept up the myriads of poles and across\\ninterlacing strings until the rows before\\nbeing picked seemed like a vast festoon,\\nan idyllic contribution to some great har-\\nvest festival. They were so charming jis\\nto make me appreciate the spirit of the\\nwriter who said there is flippancy in the\\nname and nature of the vine, as gay and\\ndebonair to the end it tosses its light\\nsprays. All of which is quite foreign to\\nthe thought of another, a temperance mor-\\nalist, who turned his head away when trav-\\nersing these fields and tried to avoid the\\nsleepy aroma of the sun-steeped hops,\\nbecause it made him ashamed that such\\npretty vines should be intended for the\\nbase uses of the makers of beer.\\nFive counties here in Central New York\\nproduce one-half of the 50,000,000 pounds\\nof hop used in this country or exported\\nabroad. Cooperstown and Oneonta are the\\nchief trade centres for that part of the\\nregion around and below Lake Otsego. The\\ntime for picking is when the tiny cones i n\\nthe vines lose their green and take on a\\nyellow tinge that distinguishes them from\\nthe greW of the fig-like leaves. This usu-\\nally occurs in the latter part of August.\\nHop-picking is a season for frolic as well\\nas work. The hop-raiser needs much help\\n42", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "to get his crops gathered before they get\\ntoo ripe, and even if he has but one or two\\nacres planted with the vines, he can make\\nuse of a score or more persons, while on\\nsome of the larger farms as many as 1,000\\nor 1,200 persons find temporary employ-\\nment.\\nFifty years ago the country folk had the\\nfrolic to themselves. Harvesting was over\\nand there was nothing to hinder the hop\\nfields from becoming centres of merriment\\nand neighborhood reunions. Nowadays the\\nrustic workers find themselves elbowed b3*\\nyoung men, young women or whole fami-\\nlies from Albany or Troy, or even from\\nNew York. In fact, it has become as cus-\\ntomary for working people of those cities\\nto go a hopping at this season as for\\nmembers of another section of society to\\ngo to seaside or mountains, and for similar\\nreasons relaxation and health.\\nThe armies of hop-pickers live in rough\\nbarracks or tents on the farms of their\\nemployers, often bringing their own cook-\\ning utensils and bedding and having a\\ngenuine outing. The scenes which take\\nplace in and arotind these farm encamp-\\nments recall in many ways the large truck\\nfarms near great cities during the berry-\\npicking season. Many restraints are\\nthrown off and there is for the time being\\na perfect indifference to most of the usages\\nand conventions of civilization. In fact,\\nthis gypsy life has led to many grave dis-\\ncussions of morality and to various plans\\nfor attempting to check the coarser ele-\\nments of the frolic. Some hop-raisers have\\ngone to considerable expense to provide\\nadequate accommodations and prevent the\\ncrowding which so often prevails in these\\nfarm tenements. Others have laid down\\nstringent rules for the conduct of their\\nemployes. I am informed, however, that\\nthe really disreputable class is a weak mi-\\nnority among the hop-pickers, and is large-\\nly made up of tramps.\\nWhen the day s work is done the en-\\ncampments are stirred with life. Many\\nare busy getting supper, and camp fires or\\nslender chimneys send up smoke against\\nthe sunset, while the clatter of dishes is\\nintermingled with laughter and chaffing\\n43", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "and discussions of the day s work. When\\nnight falls the scene is still more pic-\\nturesque, for the orange light of the out-\\ndoor fires adds gorgeous color tints to the\\nsun-browned faces. Presently the young-\\ner folk begin a dance, usually in a vacant\\ncorner of the house used for drying hops.\\nThis is kept up until an hour when it is\\nalmost unnecessary to go to bed before be-\\nginning another day s work. The side-\\nsteps and flourishes and the style of waltz-\\ning would doubtless convulse the soul\\ntrained only in Professor So-and-So s select\\nacademy in a big city, but the merriment\\nand good-nature of the dancers show how\\nthey enjoy it.\\nThat is one side of the picture. A day\\nin the fields shows the other. Men work\\nahead of the pickers down the long ave-\\nnues of poles, cutting the vines to some\\nfeet from the ground and loosening them\\nfrom the strings and poles, so that it will\\nbe an easy matter for the pickers, who\\nwork seated around boxes or bins, to get\\nthe hops from off the vines without letting\\nthe leaves and stems fall in. When the\\nboxes or bins are full they are measured,\\ncredit given to the pickers, the hops emp-\\ntied into huge bags and carted off to the\\ndrying house or kiln. Thus the whole field\\nis an animated scene, the different groups\\nvying with each other to work ahead in\\ntheir particular rows, and laughing and\\nchatting as they push onward, stripping the\\nfield. To keep off the noonday sun many\\nsit beneath temporary canvas awnings.\\nA field picked over is probably a more\\ndispiriting sight than any other harvest-\\ning picture. The poles and strings have\\nbeen stripped of festoons, hop and leaf.\\nThe ground has been trampled down, and\\non it are many withered and withering\\nbranches and stems, torn down to pluck\\nthe only marketable bit, and entirely ruin-\\ning the charm of the field before the in-\\nvasion.\\nThe hop fields were not the only places\\nto attract us in coming here from Coop-\\nei stown. Five miles south of Cooperstown\\nis Hartwick Seminary, a Lutheran theo-\\nlogical school in a little village, with a his-\\ntory of 84 years. Its founder was Jobu\\n44", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "Christopher Hartwick, a native of Saxe-\\nGotha, Germany, a man of much talent,\\nbut also of much eccentricity. Coming to\\nthis country to take charge of a Lutheran\\ncongregation on the Hudson, he soon gave\\nthis up and began a wandering life through\\nseveral colonies. One of the results of his\\ntravels was his purchase from the Mo-\\nhawk Indians of a big tract in and around\\nwhat is now the seminary. When he died,\\nin 1700, he left his property for the educa-\\ntion of young men for the ministry. The\\nbequest was used privately until 1815,\\nwhen the seminary was started. The pres-\\nent value of its buildings is about $30,000,\\nand of its endowment about $35,000, so\\nthat its sphere is necessarily much con-\\ntracted.\\nIndian stories by the dozen are told by\\nthose familiar with this upper portion of\\nthe Susquehanna. Near Colliersville, for\\ninstance, was an Indian village. Where\\nSchenevus creek joins the river Col. John\\nHarper surprised a party of Indians about\\nto attack his settlement of Harpersfield.\\nWhere Charlotte river and the Susque-\\nhanna meet was the home of Murphy,\\nscout and Indian terror, a backwoods-\\nman whose rifle made him a noted man.\\nThe town of Oneonta was once the Indian\\nvillage of Onahrieton. Otego was an\\nIndian orchard and burial place, and half a\\nmile below Wells Bridge there are still\\ntraces of a lead mine which was worked\\nby the Indians.\\nA most important historical interest at-\\ntaches to Sidney, or Sidney Plains, 43 miles\\nbelow Gooperstown, at the junction )f the\\nUnadilla river. It was, during the Revolu-\\ntion, the headquarters for the predatory\\nincursions of that noted Indian leader,\\nJoseph Brant, or Thayendeaga. Historians\\nhave proven that Brant was here when he\\nwas accused of directing the massacre at\\nWyoming, and here General Herkimer Had\\nan important but fruitless conference with\\nhim in July, 1777. Brant had made de-\\nmands for cattle and provisions upon the\\ninfant settlement which had been begun\\nhere in 1773 by Rev. William Johnston,\\nthe white pioneer of the Upper Susque-\\nhanna. General Herkimer marched here\\n45", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "with a regiment of militia, was met by\\nBrant, tried to persuade him to join the\\nRevolutionists instead of the British, and\\nwas refused menacingly and curtly. A\\nviolent storm broke up the conference.\\nNear the town of Sidney is an old In-\\ndian fort, about three acres in extent, in-\\nclosed by mounds of earth and surrounded\\nby a ditch.\\nSidney is the point where the New York,\\nOntario and Western Railroad crosses the\\nSusquehanna Valley. This makes the\\ntown an important shipping centre for\\nfreight, especially dairy products. It is\\n200 miles from New York city.\\nOneonta is a town of rapid growth.\\nThirty years ago it had 1,000 persons, now\\nit has 10,000. The Delaware and Hudson\\nRailroad has done this largely by locating\\nits shops here and by making it a division\\nheadquarters where 500 trainmen start\\nout on their work. Many manufactures\\nhave sprung up, among them a piano\\nworks, and the enterprise of its business\\nmen has won for the town a State Normal\\nSchool, housed in a large brick pile at the\\nwest end of Maple street and now begin-\\nning its eleventh year.\\nThe town bids fair to have more op-\\nportunities for growth in the near future,\\nas it is to become the western terminus\\nof the Ulster and Delaware Railroad,\\nwhich runs through the heart of the\\nCatskills from Rondout. Its present\\nterminus is Bloomville, but it is expected\\nto be operating to Oneonta by December.\\nCollis P. Huntington, the railroad mag\\nnate, was born in Oneonta, and his\\nsumptuously furnished private car, Otsego,\\nwas sidetracked at the station, as he is\\nnow on a visit to relatives residing there.\\nThe high hills across the river from\\nOtego used to be called Johnson s Dream-\\nland, and it is related that an Indian\\nchief known as Hendricks was forced to\\ngive them to Sir William Johnson, the\\nnoted Indian agent, in this manner: Hen-\\ndricks told Sir William one day that he\\nhad the night before dreamed that Sir\\nWilliam had given him a certain flashy\\nsuit of clothes. Sir William gave the\\nclothes to the chief, but in a few weeks\\n46", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "he, too, bad his dream, and he told Hen-\\ndricks that he had dreamed that Hendricks\\nhad given him a deed to this tract. The\\nIndian grunted, signed the deed, and pres-\\nently said: Me no dream no more.\\nAfton and Bainbridge were both what\\nis known as Vermont Sufferers Lands,\\ngranted by New York to recompense those\\nwho had vainly upheld New York s share\\nof the border warfare over the Green\\nMountain State. Descendants of many of\\nthe first settlers still live on the old farms.\\nAfton is a healthy place and has a oon-\\nstantly growing stream of summer visit-\\nors. There are several pretty walks and\\ndrives from the village, as we found to-\\nday. Four miles southeast on a stage\\nroad to Deposit is Vallonia Springs, whose\\nhotel has many boarders in the heated\\nterm. The waters contain sulphur,\\nmagnesia and iron, are strongly prophylac-\\ntic and are efficient in cutaneous diseases.\\nPersonally we found the water much more\\npalatable than that at Richfield, because\\nless strong.\\nOne mile north of Afton is Afton Lake,\\na circular sheet of water covering about\\n40 acres. It has no apparent inlet or out-\\nlet, but as it is near the Susquehanna\\nand 30 feet above it, it probably drains\\nunderground into the river. Its wooded\\nshore is a favorite place for picnics.\\nGlen Afton is a pretty spot, romantic but\\nnot requiring much exertion to sec its\\nbeauties. It is about half a mile long,\\nwith rocky cliffs rising from 40 to 60 feet\\nabove a little creek. In some places one\\nhas to step on rocks in the stream, in\\nothers to pass along a shelf in the side of\\nthe cliff. The creek is one which wanders\\nthrough the upper end of the village, and\\nis called Bump s creek, after a pioneer set-\\ntler.\\nI have always thought Afton a romantic\\nname, and mentally praised the Aftonians\\nfor selecting it. But an old lady today\\ngave me a different story. We used to\\nbelong to Bainbridge, she said, and\\nwhen we separated we determined to be\\nahead on all alphabetical lists by haviug\\na name beginning with an A. That s not\\nso romantic.\\n47", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "VII.\\nWHERE MORMONISM BEGAN.\\nBlNGHAMTON, BROOME COUNTY, N. Y.,\\nAug. 22.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It is very easy for me to compre-\\nhend now why people fall so naturally into\\nthe belief that the Indians named this\\nriver Susquehanna because that meant\\nlong, crooked stream. We have just come\\naround the so-called Great Bend.\\nThe Delaware and Hudson Railroad,\\nwhich leaves the Susquehanna below Nine-\\nveh and heads for Binghamton by a more\\ndirect path, gets here in 20 miles; while the\\nriver, continuing southward from Nineveh,\\nenters Pennsylvania for a few miles, then\\nsuddenly sweeps around to the northwest,\\npasses the towns of Susquehanna and\\nGreat Bend and to reach Binghamton re-\\nquires 40 more miles than did the railroad\\nsurveyors.\\nIf you will look at any map of New York\\nand Pennsylvania you will see that there\\nare two greater bends than the one\\nwhich we have just traversed. After con-\\ntinuing west from Binghamton for forty\\nmik j s the Susquehanna is joined by its larg-\\nest tributary, the Chemung, and there tutus\\nsharply to the southeast, leaving New York\\nState for good and making for the coal\\ntown of Pittston, where there is again a\\nsharp bend to the southwest, after which\\nthe last sharp bend is made at Northum-\\nberland, 80 miles from Pittston. North-\\numberland is the point where the West\\nBranch comes into the main stream and\\nbelow there the united river flows in a\\ngeneral southeasterly direction past Har-\\nrisburg and on to the Chesapeake bay.\\nFrom a point east of Binghamton across\\nPennsylvania to Pittston, as the birds\\nwould fly, is not more than 40 miles, while\\nthe wide western sweep of the river makes\\n48", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "its curve at least 150 miles. Again from\\nAthens, at the coming in of the Chemung,\\nsouth to Northumberland, at the coming in\\nof the West Branch, is 70 miles by air line.\\nBy the river it is 150. These are broader\\nbends than the one up above here, but were\\nprobably not as evident to the generation\\nwhich named the first.\\nFrom Afton as far as the town of Sus-\\nquehanna we were in a region abounding\\nin scenes in the early career of Joseph\\nSmith, the founder of Mormonism. At\\nAfton he attended a district school and\\nwas later tried for fraud. At Nineveh he\\nheld the first meetings of those whom he\\nhad converted. Near Susquehanna was the\\nhome of the young woman whom he mar-\\nried, and in an outbuilding upon her\\nfather s farm he translated the Book\\nof Mormon from his golden plates.\\nThe stories which have been handed\\ndown concerning his operations along the\\nSusquehanna are not tinctured by any\\nreverence for him or his creed. Most of\\nthem are centred around certain clairvoy-\\nant powers which he claimed to exercise in\\nfinding buried treasure. He operated by\\nmeans of a mysterious stone, described as\\nbeing about the size of an egg, of the\\nshape of a shoe, and of an irregular green\\nhue, with brown spots on it. This stone\\nhe covered with his hat and held in front\\nof his face and in that way claimed to be\\nable to see things denied to others. Many\\nfarmers in the Susquehanna Valley were\\ndeluded into spending considerable sums in\\ndigging for the gold which Smith pre-\\ntended to see, but which was never found,\\neither because of some powerful enchant-\\nment or because the diggers had vio-\\nlated the prophet s injunction and not kept\\na still tongue.\\nOn a farm on the north side of the river\\na little west of Susquehanna there is a\\nbig hole, perhaps 20 feet deep and 150\\nfeet in circumference. This was the chief\\nspot of Smith s digging, though he per-\\nsuaded other parties to work in other\\nplaces. In this big venture he interested\\nOliver Harpur, a well-known farmer of\\nHarpursville, N. Y. A straggling Indian\\n49", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "had told Smith, so he said, there was a\\ntreasure buried there, and with the aid\\nof his seeing stone he so aroused Har-\\npur s cupidity that the latter put up\\nliberally, and 14 men were employed to\\ndig, working night and day in relays.\\nAfter awhile Harpur became discouraged,\\nbut Joe declared there was an enchant-\\nment about the place which could only be\\nremoved by killing a perfectly white dog\\nand sprinkling its blood over the ground.\\nA white dog could not be found, so Smith\\nsuggested that a white sheep might do,\\nand the digging was continued. Of course,\\nnothing was found, but Smith plausibly\\ngot out of it by saying that he was sure\\nthe Almighty was displeased with them\\nfor trying to palm oif a white sheep as a\\nwhite dog. When the digging stopped Har-\\npur had put in all about $2,000 into this\\nhole in the ground.\\nNot far from the scene of the digging\\nwas the homestead of Smith s wife. Her\\nfather was Isaac Hale, who had settled\\nthere as early as 1787 and who for 50\\nyears was noted as a hunter. Smith board-\\ned at the Hale home while directing Har-\\npur s digging, and not long after asked\\npermission to marry Emma Hale. This\\nwas refused, but in February, 1826, the\\ncouple eloped, and for three years there-\\nafter Smith made his home with Hale,\\nmuch to the latter s disgust.\\nShortly after his marriage Smith showed\\nhis father-in-law a box which he said con-\\ntained a wonderful book on golden\\nplates. He had not then, it appears, con-\\nceived his subsequent statements that an\\nangel had appeared to him and revealed\\nthe place where the plates were buried,\\non a hill in Manchester, X. Y. He had\\nbrought the box to Hale s home from his\\nformer home in Palmyra, N. Y. To all\\nwho betrayed a curiosity to see the plates\\nhe explained that the first to look at them\\nshould be a young child. This angered\\nHale, who ordered Smith to remove the\\nbox from his house. It is said the box\\nwas then concealed in a woods on the\\nfarm. In a few months Smith began to\\ntranslate the book. This was done in a\\n50", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "little building which Hale had used for\\ndressing deerskins. It is now the rear end\\nof an old farmhouse on the hillside op-\\nposite Susquehanna. Smith sat behind a\\nblanket to keep the sacred records from\\nprofane eyes and dictated to Oliver Cow-\\ndery or to Martin Harris, who had come\\nunder his influence. Harris sold his farm\\nto pay for the publication in 1829. This\\nact reduced his family to beggary and\\naroused the ire of his more sensible neigh-\\nbors.\\nIt was said by some that Smith read his\\ngolden plates by his seeing stone, held\\nin his hat, just as when he was looking\\nfor buried treasure. But by others we are\\nfirst told of those wonderful spectacles,\\nthe Urim and Thummim, transparent\\nstones in silver bows, said to have been\\nfound with the plates.\\nSmith s first proselytes were gathered\\ntogether on the farm of one of the most\\nzealous of them, near the Susquehanna,\\nand between Nineveh and Centre Village.\\nThe stock of Mormon bibles was kept in\\na nearby barn. The credulity with which\\nhis doctrines were received by some is\\nshown by testimony given in his favor\\nwhen he was arrested for fraud in Afton.\\nThree witnesses said they had seen him\\ncast out devils. They saw a devil as\\nlarge as a woodchuck leave the man and\\nrun across the floor like a yellow dog.\\nOn a certain Sunday Smith announced\\nthat he would w r alk on the waters of the\\nSusquehanna near Nineveh. A large crowd\\nassembled and to the amazement of the\\nunbelievers the feat was accomplished.\\nSmith announced a second performance for\\nthe following Sunday, started out boldly\\nupon the water, but suddenly went down,\\nto his great chagrin. A mischievous boy\\nhad removed one of a lot of planks which\\nhad been laid about six inches below the\\nsurface.\\nWith Nineveh as his headquarters Smith\\ncontinued active solicitations in various\\nparts of New York for a year. In Janu-\\nary, 1831, directed, as he said, by revela-\\ntion, he led the whole body of believers\\nto Kirtland, Ohio, which was to be the\\n51", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "seat of the New Jerusalem. The subse-\\nquent development of Mormonisrn is a\\npart of this country s history.\\nWhen Smith and his followers became a\\npolitical and religious issue in the West,\\nhis opponents came to the Susquehanna\\nValley and revived many recollections in\\norder to procure affidavits showing how\\nMormonism had started here. Even now\\nthere are those weak-minded enough to\\nput faith in his tales of buried treasure\\nand within a few years diggings have\\nbeen made.\\nOur trip from Afton to Binghamton was\\na broken one. A division of the D. and H.\\nRailroad carried us amid an attractive\\nfarming country and through Nineveh,\\nCentre Village and Windsor to the little\\nvillage of Lanesboro, whence in a lumber-\\ning stage we passed around the river s\\nreally majestic bend and to the town of\\nSusquehanna. There an Erie train was\\nboarded for Binghamton.\\nThe scenery about the bend is bold and\\nromantic. The river, prevented by hills\\nfrom continuing southward, turns around\\nthe base of a spur of the Alleghanies. Sus-\\nquehanna is built upon the side of a steep\\nhill, so abrupt that the town is sometimes\\ncalled the City of Stairs. On the oppo-\\nsite side the village of Oakland is similar-\\nly situated. A dozen other hills and\\npeaks can be seen shutting in the valley.\\nMost of them are steep and rugged and\\nsome are made even more forbidding by\\nthe exposure of their rocks through quar-\\nrying. Two miles to the east is Lanes-\\nboro, its houses quite overshadowed by the\\nStarucca Viaduct, a noble work of stone\\nmasonry, built half a century ago to aid\\nin bringing the Erie road down into the\\nSusquehanna Valley from the high hills\\nwhich lie between there and the Dela-\\nware. The tracks are laid upon 18 arches,\\nsupported upon 19 piers of solid masonry\\n110 feet in height and extending across\\nStarucca creek and valley a distance of\\n1,200 feet. Near the viaduct an excursion\\nresort has been located in a pleasant grove\\nby the riverside, and thither the railroad\\nbrings many picnickers. The river is beau-\\n52", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "tiful there, and its charms are more fully\\nset forth from a little steamer.\\nThe town of Susquehanna\u00e2\u0080\u0094 which now\\nhas 5,000 dwellers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is an outgrowth of the\\nErie road, which located immense shops\\nthere. These shops cost nearly .$2,000,000\\nand occupy eight acres. When the site\\nwas first selected, in 1848, it was a farm\\nwhose owner had hard work to prevent\\nthe encroachments of rattlesnakes. Today\\nSusquehanna is a strikingly busy railroad\\ncentre, the great shipping point for the\\ncoal of extreme Northeast Pennsylvania.\\nA dozen yard tracks parallel the main\\nlines for a couple of miles and thousands\\nof empty and loaded freight cars are upon\\nthem. Engines puff and snort all day long\\nas they tug away at long trains, and black\\ndirt abounds.\\nThe valley from there to Binghamton has\\na rugged character, quite different from\\nthe fertile valleys in which we had trav-\\neled with the Susquehanna thus far. The\\nhills close in upon the river forbiddingly,\\nand their sides seem to say to the farmers,\\nDon t dare touch me! This warning has\\nbeen fairly well heeded. Of course, there\\nis the village of Great Bend and several\\nhamlets, but they are in favored spots.\\nThe vicinity of Windsor village abounds\\nin Indian memories. The rugged mountains\\non both sides of the river are known as\\nOquago or Ouaquaga. (There are 50 ways\\nof spelling it.) Here the Six Nations had a\\nvillage from the time they were first\\nknown to the colonists. It was a sort of\\noutpost whence they could command the\\napproach to their stronghold from south\\nor southeast. A war colony was placed here\\nat the outbreak of the Revolution and the\\nspot was strongly fortified and fixed up.\\nWhen it was learned that the Indians were\\ncollecting there in large numbers Col. John\\nHarper was sent by (ingress to try to\\npacify them. He reached Oquago on Feb-\\nruary 27, 1777, and had a friendly confer-\\nence with the red men, who told him they\\ndid not intend to join the British against\\nthe colonists. Brant was not there then.\\nWhen he did come there was a different\\ntale to tell, for Oquago became and con-\\ntinued a general rendezvous for Indians\\n53", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "and Tories. Most of the invasions into the\\nSchoharie and Mohawk settlements, as\\nwell as those upon the frontiers of Ulster\\nand Orange counties, were engineered\\nfrom Oquago.\\nA couple of miles below Windsor, Tusca-\\nrora creek recalled the interesting history\\nof that North Carolina tribe which, after\\nhaving been thrashed by the militia of that\\ncolony in 1722, migrated northward and\\nfor some reason was soon adopted into the\\nIroquois confederation, making the sixth\\nnation. During their period of probation\\nthe Tuscaroras were assigned a residence\\nalmost in the big bend of the Susquehanna,\\nwhere an eye could be kept on them by\\ntheir new brothers.\\nThe valley all through there abounds in\\nIndian relics and trinkets, human bones,\\npits of charred corn, wigwam poles and an\\nimmense quantity of stone clippings. On\\nthe west side of the river piles of stones\\ndefine an Indian trail across the hills to\\nBinghamton.\\nIn 1754 Rev. Gideon Hawley, a protege\\nof the famous Jonathan Edwards, began a\\nmission at Oquago under the patronage of\\nSir William Johnson. Edwards had a son\\nof 9 years, named for himself, who had\\nshown much precocity in mastering the\\nlanguage of the Housatonic Indians at\\nStockbridge, Mass. In 1755 the boy was\\nsent by the father to join Hawley, that he\\nmight also learn the Iroquois tongues and\\nbecome qualified to be a missionary among\\nthem. Owing to the disturbances of the\\nFrench and Indian War, Hawley had to\\nabandon this pioneer of Indian missions,\\nand young Edwards returned to Stock-\\nbridge. He became president of Union Col-\\nlege.\\nAnother noted New Englander is in a\\nmeasure identified with the Susquehanna\\nbelow Oquago, though much more of a\\nprominent figure in the Valley of Wyo-\\nming. I refer to Col. Timothy Pickering,\\nwho was Washington s Secretary of State.\\nHe had large tracts of land where Lanes-\\nboro now is, and in 1800 he settled a son\\nupon them. The son aroused the ire of his\\nfather by marrying a girl of the then back-\\n54", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "woods, but Colonel Pickering so far relent-\\ned that in 1807, when the son died, he took\\nthe widow and her little children to his\\nMassachusetts home. The son is buried in\\nLanesboro.\\nNorth of Colonel Pickering s land and in\\nNew York State 60,000 acres were owned\\nby Robert Harpur. He was an Irishman,\\nfor some time a professor in Columbia Col-\\nlege and from 1780 to 1795 New York s dep-\\nuty Secretary of State.\\nIn the vicinity of Great Bend there are\\nmany localities with Indian traditions-\\nstories which serve to add a touch of ro-\\nmance to the neighborhood. About two\\nmiles east of the village the river is quite\\nnarrow, with high rocks on each side. The\\npioneer settlers called the spot the Paint-\\ned Rocks because high upon the face of\\none of these cliffs and far above the reach\\nof man was the painted figure of an Indian\\nchief. The outlines faded with the years,\\nbut the red remained, and people of a later\\nday who knew not the story of the figure\\ncalled the place Red Rock, a name\\nwbich it still bears. How and when the\\npainting was done on a rock apparently in-\\naccessible has been the subject of much\\nmystery and conjecture.\\nNearer Great Bend the old inhabitant\\nwill point out a lot of gravel in midstream\\nand tell you that once there was a pretty\\nwooded island there, which was used by the\\nIndians for picnics. The brave who could\\npaddle most swiftly around the island was\\nking of the mummers for the day, and\\nall had to obey his incitements to sport.\\nAt a later period the whites used tne spot\\nin the same way, but some mischievous\\nboys in setting fire to driftwood destroyed\\nthe grove of trees on the island and the\\nlatter gradually sank.\\nA curious adventure with Indians hap-\\npened many years ago to a lad whose fa-\\nther had a farm on the river s edge just\\nwest of Great Bend. The boy was told by\\nhis father to plow up an Indian burying\\nground on the river flats. The boy obeyed\\nin uneasiness, imagining how he should be\\ntortured if discovered at this work by In-\\ndians. There had been none in the neigh-\\n55", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "borhood for many years, but suddenly he\\nheard strange guttiiral sounds from the\\nriver and, peeping through the fringe of\\nbushes, saw two canoes filled with red-\\nskins. The fright which seized him may be\\npictured. It turned out that the Indians\\nhad been those who lived thereabouts and\\nhad come to demand the lands lying north\\nof the Susquehanna and to the State line.\\nThey claimed that this tract of land had\\nnot been included in their sale to the\\nPenns, but a copy of the deed, hurriedly\\nprocured from Harrisburg, soon proved\\nthem wrong.\\nGreat Bend village is set amid many high\\nhills. A mountain called Manotonomee\\nor Miantonomah is within a few hun-\\ndred yards. It is a part of the estate of\\nJames T. DuBois, Consul-General to\\nSwitzerland, who has built on it several\\nquaint summer cottages. The wooded slope\\nalso affords a site for the home and studio\\nof D. Arthur Teed, the artist.\\nGeorge Catlin, the painter who gained\\nfame by his Indian studies, lived in Great\\nBend in youth. In fact, his earlier years\\nare closely identified with the Susquehan-\\nna, for he was born at Wilkesbarre and\\nspent his childhood near Windsor. His bi-\\nographers say that an inveterate propen-\\nsity for hunting and fishing found full\\nsway around Great Bend.\\nAs it comes back into New York the river\\nmakes a curve of which an early surveyor\\ntook advantage in an original fashion. Six\\nfarms are in a fan, their outer edges coin-\\nciding with the river s curve and all com-\\ning to one point upon the State line above\\nGreat Bend.\\nBinghamton has surprised me. I was\\nhere a dozen years ago, and the difference\\nis very similar to that which one feels\\nwhen he meets, as a beautiful creature of\\n18, glorious in the first flush of woman-\\nhood, a girl whom he last knew when she\\nwas 15, painfully thin and consciously\\nawkward. For so has Binghamton grown.\\n56", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "VIII.\\nALONG THE SOUTHERN TIER.\\nOwego, Tioga County, N. Y., Aug. 23.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWhen the Susquehanna leaves Binghamton\\nit comes west for 40 miles in a singularly\\nbeautiful and fertile valley.\\nThe boundary line between New York\\nand Pennsylvania is but a few miles to the\\nsouth. The river gradually nears it and\\nfinally with a curve to the left sweeps\\nacross the border into Pennsylvania, tak-\\ning its final leave of the State which gave\\nit birth. A short distance across the line\\nit is joined by the Chemung, which for\\nmany miles has hugged the same State\\nboundary, though in an exactly opposite\\ndirection to the Susquehanna, coming as\\nit does from Western New York and North-\\nern Pennsylvania.\\nThe people of the Empire State give the\\nname of the Southern Tier to the coun-\\nties which embrace the valleys of the\\nChemung and the Susquehanna\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Broome,\\nTioga, Chemung, and Steuben. They are\\nspoken of with pardonable pride, for they\\nare truly rich in resources and influential\\nin the politics and life of the State.\\nWith the valley of the Chemung I have\\nnaught to do, but for that portion of the\\nSusquehanna within the Southern Tier\\nthere can be no other words than those of\\npraise. The country is indeed beautiful.\\nThe valley is broad and the hills which\\nbound it north and south, while of fair\\nsize, have soft slopes, terminating in wide,\\ntable-shaped ridges. The plain between\\ntlie hills gives room for thousands of fine\\nfarms and dairies, while these in turn\\nhave made way for growing villages and\\ntowns, of which the chief are Binghamton,\\nOwego and Waverly.\\n57", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "The river has by this time attained a size\\nwhere one may begin to call it majestic.\\nIts water is clear and sparkling and in the\\nsunlight has a silvery sheen, gleaming\\nthroiigh green fringes of trees and circling\\nthe bright islands which occasionally di-\\nvide the current. It is, as another has said,\\na swift river, singularly living and joyous\\nin its expression. There are charms about\\nit in this portion which make boating and\\ncamping delightful in the summer months,\\nwhile the fishing in suitable seasons is of\\nno mean quality.\\nThe graceful pen of N. P. Willis, who for\\nsome years lived here at Owego, was long\\nago devoted to praising the attractiveness\\nof the Susquehanna. In his Letters Prom\\nUnder a Bridge he made thousands fa-\\nmiliar with the stream, the fields, the\\nfarms, the scenery, the natives of the\\nOwego of that day; he deplored the coming\\nof the canal and of the railroad into the\\nvalley, and with especial fervor made pic-\\nturesque the life of the lumbermen who\\nused to float their rafts by hundreds past\\nhis farm.\\nIf you will pardon me, I will quote from\\nWillis his impressions of the Susquehanna\\non his first visit. With W T illiam Henry\\nBartlett, the English artist, he was pre-\\nparing an illustrated work on American\\nscenery, and of all the places visited Owego\\ngave the greatest delight. It is evident in\\nthis quotation, and it was strong enough\\nto bring him back here to make his home.\\nSaid Willis:\\nThere are more romantic, wilder places than this\\nin the world, but none on earth more habitably\\nbeautiful. In these broad valleys, where the grain\\nfields and the meadows and the sunny farms are\\nwalled in by glorious mountain sides\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not obtru-\\nsively near, yet, by their noble iind wondrous out-\\nlines, giving a perpetual and wonderful refreshment\\nand an hourly changing feast to the eye\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in these\\nvalleys a man s household gods yearn for an altar.\\nHere are mountains that to look on but once be-\\ncome a feeling a river at whose grandeur to mar-\\nvel\u00e2\u0080\u0094and a hundred streamlets to lace about the\\nheart. Here are fertile fields, nodding with grain;\\na thousand cattle grazing on the hills\u00e2\u0080\u0094 here is\\nassembled together in one wondrous centre a speci-\\nmen of every most loved lineament of nature. Here\\nwould I have a home!\\n58", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "This town of Owego has a delightful\\nsituation. The little creek which Willis\\nloved breaks through the hills on the north\\nin such fashion as to further widen a val-\\nley already broad, and it is evident how\\nthe Indian name of Ah-wa-ga, said to mean\\nWhere the valley broadens, came to be\\napplied. The river trends to the north\\nside, as if eager to absorb the smaller\\nstream, and the town lies between the\\nSusquehanna and the foot of a rugged cliff\\nseveral hundred feet high.\\nThe home of Willis is reached after a\\ndrive of two miles to the northwest. It is\\nabout a mile from the mouth of the creek.\\nThe glen to which he gave his wife s name\\nof Mary is still there, but there have been\\nmany changes in 60 years. The bridge un-\\nder which his letters were written has\\ngiven place to another of more modern and\\npossibly less picturesque construction.\\nUpon the farther side of the creek is Glen-\\nrnary Sanatorium, a retreat well known to\\nmedical men and invalids. The Willis prop-\\nerty forms part of the Sanatorium grounds.\\nOwego has been the home of other fa-\\nmous men. Senator Thomas C. Piatt, the\\nnoted Republican boss, was born here\\nand occupied, at different times, various\\nresidences in the town. The last, a sub-\\nstantial cottage, was pointed out to me on\\nMain street. Raphael Pumpelly, a distin-\\nguished American geologist, was also born\\nin Owego, and the Rev. Washington Glad-\\nden, now widely known as a preacher and\\nwriter, set type in an Owego newspaper\\noffice in his youth. Pumpelly s father was\\nan intimate friend of Willis and himself\\na writer.\\nIn Evergreen Cemetery, which is on the\\nhillside above Owego, there is a monument\\n17 feet high bearing this simple inscrip-\\ntion:\\nSa-sa-na Loft.\\nBy birth a daughter of the Forest.\\nBy adoption a child of God.\\nSa-sa-na was an Indian girl, who, in 1855,\\nwith a brother and a sister, came through\\nthe Southern Tier, giving entertain-\\nments to raise funds to translate the Bible\\ninto the Mohawk language. She was killed\\nin a railroad accident at Deposit, N. Y..\\n59", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "and the friends she had made here brought\\nthe mangled body to Owego and erected\\nthe monument.\\nAnother incident of former times pre-\\nserved in Owego s annals was the reunion\\nby the banks of the river of a father and a\\nson who had been stolen in boyhood from\\na town on the Hudson and had been adopt-\\ned by his Indian captors and lived many\\nyears with them in the West. The son\\nwas brought to Owego by his adopted par-\\nents, and it is said he parted from them\\nwith much grief.\\nOwego in itself is an attractive place,\\nwith pretty streets and homes. It is the\\ncounty town of Tioga county, and the\\ncourthouse stands in a green park near the\\nriver. There are about 5,000 inhabitants,\\na goodly trade with the surrounding coun-\\ntry, a public library with 5,000 volumes and\\na number of manufactures. The town also\\nrejoices in a little steamboat, which runs\\nup the river several miles to Big Island,\\nwhich is beautifully fringed with trees, and\\nso makes a fine picnic spot.\\nYou must not suppose for an instant\\nthat Owego in any way rivals Binghamton,\\nwhich is the metropolis of this tier of\\ncounties and which has hopes of control-\\nling the trade of an even wider territory.\\nBinghamton s position, at the junction of\\nthe Chenango and Susquehanna rivers, on\\na plain surrounded by high hills, made it a\\nfavored place even in the days of Indian\\ntrails, while in later times both turnpikes\\nand railroads were compelled to seek the\\nspot. It is, therefore, an important rail-\\nroad centre, lying on the Lackawanna and\\nErie roads, from New York to Buffalo, con-\\nnected with Albany by the Delaware and\\nHudson, with Syracuse and Oswego by an\\nimportant branch of the Lackawanna sys-\\ntem and with Utica by another Lacka-\\nwanna line which traverses the beauti-\\nful valley of the Chenango. Formerly a\\ncanal by this last route joined the Erie\\nCanal at Utica.\\nAn early start was given to manufactur-\\ning enterprise by the water power of both\\nrivers, and as this has been superseded by\\n60", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "steam, the close proximity of the Pennsyl-\\nvania coal fields still gives the city decid-\\ned advantages. Hard coal being the fne!\\nused, Binghamton does not have the smoke\\nand dirt so characteristic of other manu-\\nfacturing places, and for this cleanliness\\nhas come to be known as the Parlor\\nCity. This is a sobriquet which to us\\nyesterday seemed applicable in more ways\\nthan one. A hundred miles of streets are\\nfor the most part broad, beautiful^ shad-\\ned and lined with attractive homes and\\nfine business blocks. Evidences of thrift,\\nprosperity and a buoyant commercial con-\\ndition were noticed on every hand. Im-\\nprovements of all kinds have kept pace\\nwith the city s rise within the last 25\\nyears; miles and miles of asphalt and brick\\npavements have been laid, and a large\\nnumber of business edifices and public\\nbuildings have been erected during a com-\\nparatively recent period.\\nNotable among these is a costly and\\nreally handsome county courthouse, built\\nof a light-colored stone, which renders it\\ndoubly attractive in its newness. It stands\\non a slight knoll in the centre of a green\\nsquare in the heart of the city, and in\\nfront of it is a monument to the soldiers of\\nBroome county who fell in the Civil War.\\nThe new courthouse replaced a stone and\\nbrick edifice of fair size, put up 40 years\\nago, and in a way the change excellently\\ntypifies the alteration of Binghamton from\\na county town into a bright, modern, ac-\\ntive and progressive city, destined, ac-\\ncording to its friends, to become the chief\\npurveyor of the United States in certain\\nkinds of manufactures.\\nThe making of cigars is the city s lead-\\ning industry. Millions are invested and\\nseveral thousand hands employed. I was\\ntold that in this trade Binghamton is now\\nsurpassed only by New York and Key\\nWest. There is also a large beet sugar\\nrefinery, and manufactories of leather,\\nboots and shoes, combs, sewing machines,\\ncarriages and various kinds of machinery.\\nThe rapid growth of Binghamton may\\nbe fancied from this statement of its popu-\\nlation. With less than 10,000 when it\\nwas incorporated as a city in 1867, it\\n61", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "bad 17,000 in 1880 and in the next census\\ndecade more than doubled itself, reaching\\n35,000. Possibly next year it may be 60,-\\n000. At any rate, it deserves such fig-\\nures. The city has grown on both sides\\nof both rivers and, like the very modern\\ncity it is, has developed a group of sub-\\nurban villages and towns which are linked\\nto their parent by trolley lines controlled\\nbj a large street railway company.\\nOne of the ways of gauging the inter-\\nest shown in Binghamton by the sur-\\nrounding country is the frequency of ex-\\ncursions to the city. In these excur-\\nsions a point of special attractiveness is\\nRoss Park, which is a tract of upward of\\n100 acres on the hillside south of the Sus-\\nquehanna, donated by Erastus Ross, a\\nprominent business man, who became\\nfinancially involved subsequently to his\\npublic-spirited gift. The park possesses\\npretty drives and walks, romantic ravines\\nand secluded woods, a herd of deer, a\\nmenagerie and various amusements for\\npleasure-seekers. From its highest points\\nit is possible to obtain a panorama of Bing-\\nhamton and vicinity, a view which is only\\nrivaled thereabouts by that from a tall\\ntower which S. Mills Ely, a wealthy whole-\\nsale grocer, has built on the ridge north-\\nwest of the city, where it is a conspicuous\\nfeature.\\nForty-five years ago Binghamton was se-\\nlected by the New York authorities as the\\nsite for an interesting experiment a State\\nAsylum for Inebriates, where habitual\\ndrunkards could be treated and restrained.\\nFriends of the plan claim that the experi-\\nment was a success, but at any rate about\\n20 years later the buildings were converted\\ninto a State Asylum for Chronic Insane.\\nThey form an imposing group on a hill\\ntwo miles east and overlooking the Sus-\\nquehanna at a point near where the city s\\nAvater is obtained from the river. The\\nchief edifice is 365 feet long, designed in\\nthe Tudor castellated type of architecture,\\nwith many towers. There are 400 acres of\\ngrounds about it.\\nBinghamton is also the site of the home\\nrecently established by the National Asso-\\nciation of Commercial Travelers for the\\n62", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "veterans of their class who have no other\\nplace to rest in their declining days. The\\nbuilding is nicely situated. Another of the\\ncity s charitable institutions is the Sus-\\nquehanna Valley Home, which has long\\nguarded and educated indigent children.\\nIn its history Binghamton has had three\\nnames. The Indians called it O-chenang or\\nOtsiningo, and the first white settlers\\nChenango Point. Its present name is due\\nto the fact that large tracts of land, in-\\ncluding the city s site, were owned by Wil-\\nliam Bingham, a prominent Philadelphia!!,\\nand an early Senator from Pennsylvania,\\nwhose daughters married the famous Eng-\\nlish bankers.Henry Baring and his brother,\\nAlexander Baring, afterward Lord Ash-\\nburton. The first settlers, who were from\\nNew England, had located farther up the\\nChenango on the west side, but Bingham,\\nlargely by liberality in the matter of\\nground for public buildings, induced a\\ntransfer to the tongue of land in the inter-\\nsection of the two rivers.\\nIn Indian times Binghamton was for\\nsome years the site of an alliance of the\\nremnants of several tribes, calling them-\\nselves The Three Nations, and compris-\\ning Nanticokes, from the Eastern Shore of\\nMaryland; Mohicans, from Connecticut,\\nand Shawnees, from Pennsylvania. But\\nthe region round about was mainly in the\\npossession of the Tuscaroras, who, in 1785,\\nafter a long treaty conference at Fort\\nHerkimer, sold it to the State of New\\nYork. Together with a great portion of\\nCenrral New York it was claimed by Mas-\\nsachusetts in virtue of her royal charter,\\nwhich embraeed all the territory between\\n44\u00c2\u00b0 and 48\u00c2\u00b0 north latitude from sea to\\nsea. Massachusetts yielded her claims at\\nthe Hartford Convention of 178G, receiving\\namong other things a tract of 230,000 acres\\nnear Binghamton, which was shortly sold\\nfor $7,500, about 3 cents an acre.\\nDaniel S. Dickinson, the statesman and\\nlawyer, was Binghamton s most eminent\\ncitizen. He died there in his rural home,\\ncalled The Orchard, and is buried in\\nSpring Grove Cemetery, which is in the\\nnorthwestern suburbs. The New York\\nState Bar Association erected a monument.\\n63", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "over his grave. Porl Dickinson, a suburb,\\nwas named for him.\\nMany villages dol the Susquehanna Val-\\nley from Binghamton to Owego and be-\\nyond to where the river leaves New York.\\nThose on the soul li hank may be called\\nnewei than those opposite, for the Lacka-\\nwanna Railroad on the south side was\\nbuilt many, many years alter the old\\nBrie. Both roads cross the Chenango\\nnear each other, and stay together as far\\nas Lestershire, three miles from Bingham-\\nton. Then the Erie sticks to the north\\nhank, while the Lackawanna crosses to the\\nsouth side. The Erie passes through\\nUnion, 9 miles from Binghamton; Camp-\\nville, 15 miles, and Hiawatha, lit. Then\\ncomes Owego, T2 miles. Beyond to Waver-\\nly are Tioga Centre, Smithboro and Bar-\\nton. The Lackawanna touches Vestal, op\\nposite Union; Apalachin, 14 miles from\\nBinghamton, and Lounsberry, Nichols and\\nLitchfield, beyond Owego. The villages\\nmentioned on the smith hank are shipping\\npoints for the farmers of Pennsylvania\\nacross the border, while those on the north\\nhank serve a similar purpose for farming\\ncommunities hack of them.\\nFrom Owego west there are really three\\nrailroads along the Susquehanna for 15\\nmiles, as the Lehigh Valley s line from\\nSayre to Auburn and on to Lake Ontario\\nClosely parallels the Erie tracks on the\\nnorth hank, touching Barton, Smithlx.ro.\\nTioga lentre and Owego.\\nIn addition to the merit of being pleas-\\nantly situated in a delightful valley and\\nbeside a noble river an advantage shared\\nby all -there are special points which at\\ntract the traveler to several Of these vil-\\nlages. At Lestershire is what is said to be\\nthe largest shoe factory in the world, a\\nhuge brick building where L,200 persons\\nare employed. Union, whose charm is en-\\nhanced by a picturesque Bound Hill on the\\nriver hank, was the scene of a skirmish be-\\ntween Imlians and the army of General\\nClinton when he was on his way to join\\nGeneral Sullivan. Vestal was the birth-\\nplace of David B. Locke\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Petroleum V.\\nNashy, the humorist whose father had a\\ntannery there. Apalachin gave rise to still\\n64", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "greater celebrities, among them Gen. B.\\nF. Tracy, the New York lawyer and for-\\nmer Secretary of the Navy, and also the\\nRockefellers, the Standard Oil magnates,\\namong the wealthiest of America s multi-\\nmillionaires. Lounsberry is the centre of a\\ncountry where many sugar beets are\\nraised.\\nIn the plain between the Susquehanna\\nand the Chemung, above their point of\\nunion, are three lively towns. Athens, the\\noldest and one of much historic importance,\\nlies right in the tongue of the peninsula.\\nNorth of Athens is Sayre, founded by the\\nLehigh Valley Railroad and pushed ahead\\nbecause it is a junction point and the site\\nof large railroad shops. Then farther to the\\nnorthwest is Waverly, on Cayuta creek.\\nWhile not exactly a railway town, Waverly\\nowes its being to the Erie road. It is the\\nonly one of the trio within the limits of\\nNew York. Were it not for this political\\nseparation the three towns could easily\\nunite and form a city of no mean size that\\nmight in time give Binghamton a push for\\nthe supremacy of the Southern Tier.\\nThere are close relations between the peo-\\nple of Athens, Sayre and Waverly; they\\nare linked by trolley and by pleasant drive-\\nways; and in their variety of factories they\\nhave other sympathetic bonds, as well as\\nbusiness rivalries.\\nWillis, whom I have before quoted, gives\\na capital description of the junction of the\\nChemung and the Susquehanna. His imag-\\ninative fancy caused him to picture it thus:\\nA! Imagine this capital letter laid on its back\\nand pointed south by east, and you have a pretty\\nfair diagram of the junction of the Susquehanna\\nand the Chemung. The note of admiration de-\\nscribes a superb line of mountains at the back of\\nthe Chemung Valley, and the quotation marks ex-\\npress the fine bluffs that overlook the meeting of\\nthe waters at Athens. The cross of the letter (say\\na line of four miles) defines a road from one river\\nto the other, by which travelers up the Chemung\\nsave the distance to the point of the triangle, and\\nthe area between is a broad plain, just now as fine\\na spectacle of teeming harvest as you would find on\\nthe Genesee.\\n65", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "IX.\\nLEGENDS OF TWO HILLS.\\nPittston, Luzerne County, Pa., Aug.\\n24.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 There are two hills beside the Susque-\\nhanna which have each been invested with\\na wealth of legend through Indian tradi-\\ntion and the superstitions and tales of early\\nwhite dwellers.\\nEven the Catskills, with their Rip Van\\nWinkle stories, can scarcely rival the\\nmystery of Spanish Hill, near Athens,\\nnor the romance of Campbell s Ledge,\\nwhich towers high above Pittston here at\\nthe beginning of the Valley of Wyoming.\\nBoth offer unusual opportunities for the\\ngenius of an Irving, and for their sakes it\\nseems a pity that some one with an imag-\\ninative fancy and humor such as his has\\nnot recalled their past.\\nSpanish Hill lies northwest of the town\\nof Athens, nearer the Chemung than the\\nSusquehanna. It stands alone, rises about\\n200 feet above the plain of the two rivers,\\nis about a mile in circumference, easy of\\naccess, and affords a delightful view. The\\nboundary of New York and Pennsylvania\\nruns through its northern side. Willis\\nfancifully described the hill as a round\\nmountain once shaped like a sugar loaf,\\nbut now with a top of the fashion of a\\nschoolboy s hat punched in to drink from.\\nAround the rim of the hill are the remains\\nof fortifications that were old a century\\nago and whose exact age is the object of\\nmuch speculation.\\nA dread of this hill seems to have been\\nuniversal among the Indian tribes in colo-\\nnial days, and nothing could induce a red\\nman to ascend it. Their traditions say\\nthat a sachem once ventured to the top,\\nbut was enveloped in clouds and smoke\\n66", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "and returned with a solemn command from\\nthe Spirit of the Mountain that no Indian\\nshould dare set foot on it again. It is also\\nsaid that another chief, a Cayuga, who dis-\\nobeyed the injunction, was seized by his\\nhair and whirled away by the Great Spirit.\\nA reasonable theory of the old earth-\\nworks is that they were the scene of some\\nterrible bloody battle, possibly between\\nthe Iroquois and the Susquehannocks. But\\nSpanish coins are said to have been found\\nthere and the hill was known to the red\\nmen as Spanish Hill, which would seem\\nto indicate a visit there by whites in\\nAmerica s earliest history. In fact some\\nantiquaries have advanced the theory that\\nFernando De Soto, the discoverer of the\\nMississippi, in some way penetrated to\\nthis neighborhood in 1540, that Otsego or\\nOnondaga was his silver-bottomed lake,\\nand that the land of Saquechama, where\\nhe experienced such intense cold, was none\\nother than the Upper Susquehanna.\\nIf not De Soto, why not the buccaneers\\nof the Spanish Main? Other early tradi-\\ntions point their way. It is said when\\nthey were driven out of Florida they came\\nup the Chesapeake and the Susquehanna,\\nwhere they were met by Indians, who\\ndrove them to the top of this hill. There\\nthey defended themselves by fortifications\\nfor months, but were finally starved to\\ndeath. Tradition, usually prettier than\\nfact, also says they did not perish, but\\nsaved themselves in the end by the sacri-\\nfice of a Spanish maiden to a Cayuga chief,\\nwho guided them to the prairies of the\\ndistant West. To make this complete we\\ncertainly ought to know the lady s name.\\nDoubtless she was the stolen daughter of\\nsome noble Don.\\nAnd if not the Buccaneers, why not be\\nmore reasonable and fit Spanish Hill in\\nwith the adventures of M. de Nonville, a\\nFrench Governor of Canada, who in 1687\\nled an army into the Genesee Valley 10\\nwhip the Iroquois, but was badly beaten,\\nand finally retreated? These fortifications\\nmay have been of his construction.\\nEven the redoubtable Captain Kidd did\\nnot dodge Spanish Hill. His buried treas-\\nure found shelter there, as well as a thou-\\n67", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "sand other places. In the time of Willis a\\nman hired to plow on the hillside suddenly\\nleft his employer and purchased a large\\nfarm by nobody-knows-what windfall of\\nfortune. Other men have at various times\\ndug for Spanish gold or buried treasure.\\nCampbell s Ledge is a bold mountain,\\ncommencing here from the union of the\\nwaters of the Susquehanna and Lacka-\\nwanna, and continuing rather abruptly to\\na rocky, scowling summit, from which\\nthere is a splendid view of the Valley of\\nWyoming to the southwest, that of the\\nLackawanna to the east and of the Susque-\\nhanna to the northwest. At the base of\\nthe mountain, nestling close to it, is tin s\\nthrifty small city of Pittston, a thoroughly\\ngenuine coal town.\\nThe Delaware Indian village of Asser-\\nughny once stood at the foot of Campbell s\\nLedge, and the hill was used not only to\\nshelter their wigwams but to kindle their\\nbeacon fires in the night hours, as they\\nwere wont to be kindled on the Scottish\\nhighlands in the days of Bruce and Wal-\\nlace.\\nThe old inhabitants called the ledge Dial\\nKnob because the exact location of its\\nface north and south enabled noon to be\\ntold miles away on a sunlit day. How the\\ndesignation of Campbell s Ledge came is\\nin doubt. Some say it was named for\\nThomas Campbell after his poem made\\nWyoming famous, but others say that the\\nname existed before Campbell s verse was\\npublished. Another of the name of Camp-\\nbell was, it is said, pursued by Indians and\\nran out on the ledge without knowing\\nwhere he was. When he saw no way to es-\\ncape his pursuers, he leaped from the rock\\nrather than allow himself to be taken by\\nthem.\\nIt has been handed down from father to\\nson for the last century or more that away\\nin the deep recesses of some glade of\\nCampbell s Ledge is a silver mine of incom-\\nputable wealth that was known and oper-\\nated by the aborigines. The legend runs\\nthat a farmer with a family of 14 children\\nwas brutally murdered by Indians and\\nonly one child, a boy of 14 named David,\\nwas spared. He was carried away and\\n68", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "after traveling all night found himself on\\nthe summit of a lofty mountain overlook-\\ning Wyoming and presumed to be Camp-\\nbell s Ledge. A temporary halt was made\\nand an old Indian chief, to whom all paid\\nreverence, arose and, advancing a few rods,\\nstooped down and removed a large flat\\nstone, exposing to view a spring. The\\nwaters of this were conducted away by a\\nsubterranean aqueduct so constructed that\\nif accidentally discovered the waters\\nwould seem to come from the reverse di-\\nrection rather than that from which they\\nreally flowed. At the mouth of the spring\\na roll of bark was placed so as to form a\\nspout and under this the old chief held for\\nsome minutes a handkerchief which had\\nbelonged to David s mother. The old spring\\nwas stirred so as to render it turbid and\\nsandy and when the chief removed the\\nhandkerchief it was seen to be completely\\ncovered with flue yellow particles resem-\\nbling gold. These were placed in a stone\\njar, and after incantations, to prevent any\\nbut the rightful owners from discovering\\nthe hidden spring, the Indians replaced\\nthe rock and continued on their journey,\\nwhich was only ended six days later at\\nKingston on the Hudson, where the sub-\\nstance was bartered.\\nDavid was ransomed, and in after years\\nrelated the incident to his children, one of\\nwhom, in company with several men, dug\\nout a considerable portion of Campbell s\\nLedge without finding the secret channel.\\nOther traditions sa,v that the secret of\\nthe mine was obtained by some of the set-\\ntlers from the Indians by bribery, and the\\nPennsylvania archives have on record a\\ncomplaint from the Indians in 1776 that\\npersons had dug a trench, 44 feet long\\nand 6 feet deep, from which three boat-\\nloads of silver ore were taken away.\\nThe 90 miles of the Susquehanna s course\\nthrough Northern Pennsylvania from Ath-\\nens to Pittston is a journey that well re-\\npays. Not only is there much of historic\\nimportance to be recalled; the scenery is\\nfine. The river pursues a winding course,\\nso much so that it wastes many miles in\\nits tortuous channels. Between Vosburg\\n69", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "and Mehoopany the Lehigh Valley Rail-\\nroad saves five miles by a single tunnel\\nunder a high hill. But there are many\\nriver bends which cannot be so avoided\\nand to these the railroad sticks closely,\\nhaving the beautiful river near at hand\\nand offering a constant succession of pic-\\nturesque rock and forest views, sometimes\\nmerely pleasing by their rustic charm, but\\nmore often wild, as becomes the moun-\\ntainous country.\\nInstead of following a natural valley,\\nlike most rivers, the Susquehanna here\\nbreaks through successive ranges of hills,\\nthe northern ridges of the Alleghanies.\\nPrecipitous escarpments tower hundreds\\nof feet above the stream, while slightly\\nfarther back mountains of real grandeur\\nlift their heads. This sort of scenery is\\nentered upon almost as soon as the train\\ncrosses the Chemung from Athens, but it\\nfinds its boldest expression around Tunk-\\nhannock, 23 miles above Pittston. The\\nalternate sections of hills, with their inter-\\nvening valleys, afford a charming variety\\nof landscape. The rich bottom lands be-\\nside the river, especially where the moun-\\ntain streams come in, are fertile farms.\\nTowns with their white spires occur every\\nhalf-dozen miles To wanda, Wyalusing and\\nTunkhannock are the largest\u00e2\u0080\u0094 but when\\nthey are out of sight there are many wilder\\nscenes than the fancy would picture in a\\nregion settled for more than a centurj-. In\\nfact, with the prevalence of Indian names,\\nit was almost possible to imagine one s\\nself a hardy pioneer, were it not for the\\nfact that one was traveling at the rate of\\n50 miles an hour on a luxurious train of the\\nLehigh Valley Road.\\nThis portion of the river has an especial\\ncharm for those fond of boating, fishing\\nand camping. We saw several dozen white\\ntents along the banks from Athens to\\nPittston, and upon the river during the\\nday counted no less than 300 small boats.\\nMost of their occupants were busily en-\\ngaged in fishing, but some were canoes\\nheading down stream in a way to indicate\\nthat they were being used for more than\\nan afternoon s outing. I also saw two com-\\nfortable houseboats with jolly parties\\n70", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "aboard. I am told that from Binghamton\\nto Pittston or to Wilkesbarre is a favorite\\njouruey for canoe or houseboat. The scen-\\nery is certainly beautiful and the river\\nmore free from rapids than farther down.\\nI envied the travelers by water.\\nFor the fishermen the river abounds in\\nblack bass and Susquehanna salmon or\\nwall-eyed pike, while the trout fishing of\\nthe mountain streams is commended. For\\nthe man with a gun the hills back of the\\nriver furnish rabbits, quail, woodcock, squir-\\nrels and grouse. In the wilder portions an\\noccasional deer, bear or wildcat is seen,\\nwhile those who enjoy fox hunting will\\nfind sufficient numbers of these crafty ani-\\nmals to give their hounds plenty of runs.\\nThe Indian history of this part of the\\nriver has many singular features. When\\nthe white people first began to visit it\\nAthens\u00e2\u0080\u0094 then called Diahoga, later Tioga\\nPoint\u00e2\u0080\u0094 was the foretown of the Iroquois,\\nthe southern gate of the Confederacy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 its\\nsouth door, through which, or by the Mo-\\nhawk, all strangers must apply to enter or\\nbe treated as spies and enemies. The Sen-\\necas guarded it, and here was stationed a\\nsachem whose business it was to examine\\nvisitors. To that point all paths led.\\nThe Indian and Tory forces which were to\\nraid the Valley of Wyoming had Tioga Point\\nfor their rendezvous and returned there a\\nmonth after the massacre. Queen Esther,\\nwho figured so notoriously in the massacre,\\nruled a village on the present site of Mi-\\nlan, three miles below Athens, and many\\nof the Indians in the raiding force came\\nfrom there. In the autumn of that year\\nColonel Hartley, with 400 soldiers, went\\noverland from Muncy, on the West Branch,\\nby way of Lycoming and Towanda creeks,\\nand burned the Indian villages at Tioga\\nPoint, Queen Esther s Town, Sheshequiu\\nand Wyalusing.\\nIn the following summer Tioga Point was\\nthe headquarters for Gen.. John Sullivan s\\nfamous expedition against the Iroquois.\\nMarching up the river bank, from Wilkes-\\nbarre, with boats in midstream carrying\\nsupplies, he threw up an elaborate breast-\\nwork at Tioga Point. Presently he was\\njoined by a brigade under Gen. James Clin-\\n71", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "ton, who had come from Albany by way of\\nOtsego Lake. The united force started up\\nthe Chemung. A single battle was fought\\nwhere the city of Elmira now stands. This\\nwas such a signal victory that General Sul-\\nlivan had little trouble in devastating the\\nIndian strongholds in Central New York.\\nOn the return to Tioga Point, where a\\nsmall force had been left in charge, the en-\\ntire command embarked on boats and went\\ndown to Wilkesbarre. This expedition w T as\\nimportant in American history because of\\nits results. It broke the backbone of the\\nIroquois power.\\nIn 1790 Tioga Point was again the scene\\nof an interesting historical event. The\\nIndians, true to their alliance, continued\\nto harass the pioneer settlers long after\\nthe British had retired into Canada. Col.\\nTimothy Pickering, who figures so promi-\\nnently in other pages of the Susquehanna s\\nstory, was sent to Tioga Point by President\\nWashington. Five hundred Indians ac-\\ncepted his invitation to a conference,\\namong whom the most noted were Red\\nJacket and Cornplanter. Joseph Brant did\\nnot attend and used his influence against\\nthe conference, but Colonel Pickering was\\nso far successful in conciliating the In-\\ndians that a formal treaty was entered\\ninto the following year at Elmira. The\\nsite of the big pow-wow in Athens is point-\\ned out behind an Episcopal Church.\\nColonel Pickering was greatly aided in\\npacifying the Indians by the exertions of\\nMatthias Hollenback, subsequently a judge\\nin Wilkesbarre, but most widely known as\\na trader with big interests. Hollenback\\nhad a chain of trading posts or stores up\\nthe Susquehanna and across to Niagara, in-\\ncluding a large depot at Athens. He had the\\nesteem of every Indian and white pioneer\\nof the then vast wilderness, and even\\nafter a fortune had been made he pre-\\nserved the same simplicity in his habits.\\nHe was an intimate friend of that other\\ngreat American trader, John Jacob As-\\ntor, and it is said that a trip which Astor\\ntook with him in 1786 up the Susquehanna\\nfiist opened Astor s eyes to the possibili-\\nties of the fur trade of Canada and the\\nNorthwest. It is also said that Hollenback\\n72", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "saved Astor s life on this journey. The two\\nwere fording a stream, when Astor became\\ndizzy and would have gone under had not\\nhis companion hit him under the chin, and\\ncried: Look up, Astor!\\nOther well-known men are associated\\nwith Athens. Charles Carroll of Carroll-\\nton, last surviving signer of the Declaration\\nof Independence, owned much land there.\\nStephen Foster, the writer of plaintive ne-\\ngro melodies, attended the Athens Acad-\\nemy. Col. Ethan Allen, the Green Moun-\\ntain hero, lived there for some months, hav-\\ning been persuaded by Col. John Franklin\\nto take a hand in the later stages of the\\nbloody contest which was waged by Penn-\\nsylvania and Connecticut for the posses-\\nsion of Wyoming Valley and all this part of\\nthe Susquehanna. Colonel Franklin, who\\nwas the leader of those who held Connecti-\\ncut tities, actually dreamed of making a\\nseparate State out of Northeastern Penn-\\nsylvania and induced Allen and other mak-\\ners of Vermont to settle with him for that\\npurpose. After the struggle was ended,\\nFranklin, who had taken part in many ad-\\nventures and had been in prison in Phila-\\ndelphia, settled down on his property at\\nAthens and lived in quiet to a good old age.\\nThe appropriation of classical names for\\nAmerican towns leads sometimes to amus-\\ning results. Thus it is possible, in 10\\nmiles, to travel from Athens to Milan and\\nfrom Milan to Ulster. Further down the\\nSiisquehnnna, below Sunbury, it is possi-\\nble within an hour to cross the water from\\nLiverpool to Halifax. The latter is a joke\\nmy grandfather never failed to repeat\\nwhen traveling by the two towns.\\nUlster is the centre of the old Indian dis-\\ntrict of Sheshequin. The present village\\nof Sheshequin is on the east side of the\\nriver, but the Indian wigwams were on the\\nUlster side. Sheshequin, or Sheshequa-\\nnink, means a place of rattles, which\\ngives an inkling of the vast number of\\nrattlesnakes which formerly infested the\\nentire region. General Sullivan s army had\\na pleasant camp here, and many of his sol-\\ndiers returned to settle the neighborhood\\nafter the Revolution. Dui ing the war the\\nwild nature of the region made it a fairly\\n73", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "secure place for Tories, but the many who\\nflocked there were gradually weeded out\\nby the patriots.\\nAt Ulster we first began to see fine fields\\nof tobacco, which is becoming a leading\\ncrop of Northern Pennsylvania. There we\\nalso noticed the first of a long series of\\nbluestone quarries (for sidewalks and\\nsteps). Similar quarries occurred in the\\nvalley every mile or so of the 50 to Tunk-\\nhannock. It is an important industry of\\nthe river towns and villages.\\nNear the mouth of Sugar creek, a few\\nmiles above Towanda. are the remains of\\nwhat appears to be an ancient fortification,\\nwhich, from its construction and from the\\nrelics found in it in former times, would\\nindicate that it was made by a people prior\\nto the Indians, and probably the mound-\\nbuilders. There were formerly traces of\\nsimilar fortifications in Wyoming and Lack-\\nawanna Valleys. One of them had a tree\\ngrowing on it at least 700 years old. In\\nother words, this fort was abandoned be-\\nfore Peter the Hermit began the Crusades.\\nI said of Binghamton the other day that\\nits prosperity was, in a measure, indicated\\nby the erection of a fine new courthouse.\\nThe same is true of Towanda, which is the\\ncounty seat of Bradford county. The dome\\nof a handsome new building of light-col-\\nored stone rises near the river and is the\\nmost conspicuous object in the town, which\\nlies mainly at the base of a bluff on the\\nwest side of the river, where the latter\\nmakes a broad bend. The Lehigh Valley s\\nmain line crosses to the east bank, just\\nabove Towanda, and continues on that side\\nto Pittston, but another branch strikes off\\nfrom Towanda through the mountains, near\\nGanoga and Harvey s Lakes and down to\\nWilkesbarre.\\nTowanda is a thriving as well as a hand-\\nsome place. It has superior advantages for\\nmanufactures, as hard and soft coal of the\\nfinest quality are both abundant in the\\nmountains a few miles back, while depos-\\nits of iron ore are not far away. Millions\\nof tons of coal are shipped annually from\\nthe Barclay, Leroy and Bernice and other\\nmines of Bradford and Sullivan counties.\\nThere ore foundries, planing-mills, an ex-\\n74", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "tensive toy factory and piano, carriage and\\nfurniture factories. There is also a large\\ntrade with the farming sections of these\\ncounties in poultry and dairy products.\\nStages run to a number of inland towns.\\nIn these and other ways Towanda has had\\nattractions sufficient to give it a population\\nof 5,000.\\nThe Susquehanna Valley Institute, in To-\\nwanda, is a flourishing school, founded in\\n1850 by Presbyterians.\\nTowanda is said to signify the place of\\nburial. This name arose from an act per-\\nformed by the Nanticoke Indians. Some\\nyears after they had been driven up the\\nSusquehanna by the encroachments of\\nMaryland colonists on the Eastern Shore\\nthey returned to those ancestral homes,\\nbrought away the bones of their fore-\\nfathers and reinterred them here at To-\\nwanda. Their burying ground is a little\\nabove the mouth of Towanda creek.\\nDavid Wilmot, author of the famous Wil-\\nmot proviso, forbidding slavery in the ter-\\nritories acquired from Mexico, was a law-\\nyer and judge of Towanda, where his\\npartner was Galusha A. Grow, another\\neminent son of Pennsylvania. Wilmot lies\\nburied in a pretty cemetery on the bluff\\noverhanging the town, and on his tomb is\\ninscribed the words of his celebrated sug-\\ngestion: Neither slavery nor involuntary\\nservitude shall ever exist in any part of\\nsaid territory except for crime, whereof\\nthe party shall first be duly convicted.\\nJohn T. Trowbridge, the novelist, in a\\nlittle record of travel humorously called\\nA Carpet Bagger in Pennsylvania,\\nspeaks with delight of Towanda, calling it\\na bright, brisk child of the hills, lying in\\nthe lap of a lovely valley. Continuing,\\nMr. Trowbridge says:\\nMountainous bluffs confront it, mirroring their\\nprecipitous lichen-tinted crags and clinging for-\\nests (many-hued in autumn) in the river, which\\nhere spreads out in a lake-like expanse above the\\ndam and tumbles noisily and foamingly down into\\na wide-sweeping shallow flood below. Mountains\\nrise behind the town also, with long lines of\\nboundary fence curving like belts over their ample\\nshoulders. The checkered farms, dark squares of\\nplowed land and brown pastures and gray stub-\\n75", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "ble fields, contrasting with the delicate green squares\\nof tender young wheat-clothe their giant forms in\\ntrue highland plaids. Agriculture has shaven these\\nhills to their very crowns, leaving only here and\\nthere a tuft of woods for a scalplock.\\nMr. Trowbridge also tells a marvelous\\nsnake story. Back on Rattlesnake Moun-\\ntain, he says, there lived an old man who\\nbecame convinced that rattlers could be\\nsold at a profit to menageries, and so col-\\nlected a large number of them in the attic\\nof his hovel. One dark night he and his\\nwife were awakened by sounds, and be-\\ncame convinced that the snakes had found\\na crack in the ceiling and were dropping\\ndown into his bedroom. Their lamp was\\nsome distance from the bed, but bv push-\\ning his bare feet carefully, so as not to an-\\nger the reptiles, the man made a light and\\nsaw the floor full of the slimy things, while\\nothers were each moment dropping from\\nabove. The rest of the night was spent in\\ncollecting and securely penning the assort-\\nment, and the next day they were shipped\\ndown the Susquehanna in a big box labeled\\nGlas Handl With Cair. Strange to say\\nthe old man had shrewdly hit upon a goo d\\nthing and got a large price for the lot.\\nWysox, which is five miles below To wan-\\nda, and the name of which is said to sig-\\nnify canoe harbor, was the scene of an\\nexploit prominent in the pioneer annals of\\nthe Susquehanna. Moses Van Campen had\\nbeen captured at his home, near Danville,\\nby a party of nine redskins. When they\\nwere encamped for the night, at Wvsox,\\nVan Campen freed himelf from his bonds\\nreleased three fellow-captives\u00e2\u0080\u0094 two boys\\nand an Irishman\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and, with their aid, tom-\\nahawked and scalped four savages, badly\\nwounded thiee and forced the other two\\nto flee. Subsequently, Van Campen brag-\\ngmgly enlarged upon the exploit and to\\nsuch an extent that by some the storv was\\npronounced a lie and Van Campen an Amer-\\nican Munchausen.\\nAfter passing Standing Stone, near a\\ngreat stone in the river, which was a land-\\nmark for the Indians, and Hornet s Ferry,\\nwhere our attention was attracted to a\\nhorse disporting in midstream with water\\nup to his neck, we were soon in the midst\\n76", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "of a region of much interest to students of\\nhistory. On a large fertile plain at Wya-\\nlusing was the famous Moravian Indian\\nmission Friedenshutten (Huts of Peace),\\nand some miles above, on the west bank,\\nwas a colony of French noblemen, driven\\nfrom their country by the excesses of the\\nrevolution of 1792.\\nA large tract of land was bought there\\nfor these emigres by Matthias Hollenback,\\nat the request of Robert Morris, the emi-\\nnent financier, who was a friend of many\\ndistinguished Frenchmen. The exiles soon\\nhad a lively settlement in the wilds, with\\na bakery, a. brewery, other stores and\\nshops, and steady communication with\\nPhiladelphia. It was their hope and am-\\nbition to provide a suitable home for\\nLouis XVI and his unfortunate Queen,\\nMarie Antoinette, and for this purpose\\nlarge buildings were put up some distance\\nback from the river, near the present vil-\\nlage of New Era. But, alas! no sooner was\\nthe work done than news came that King\\nand Queen had both been guillotined.\\nThe leaders of the colony were: Omer\\nTalon, a Parisian banker, and Louis, Vi-\\ncomte de Noailles, a brilliant representa-\\ntive of that ancient French family and a\\nbrother-in-law of Lafayette, under whom\\nhe had served in this country and who se-\\nlected him to conclude the capitulation of\\nYorktown. Louis Philippe, subsequently\\nKing of France, visited the colony with his\\nbrothers, the Duke de Montpensier and the\\nComte de Beaujolais. Talleyrand, the fa-\\nmous prime minister, spent some time\\nthere, as did also the Due de la Rochefou-\\ncauld-Liancourt, who gave an entertaining\\naccount of the colony in his volumes of\\ntravel.\\nA romantic story might be told of the\\nprivations and sufferings of these exiled\\nnoblemen. They were willing enough, but\\nthey were not inured to hardships and\\ncould not plant a permanent colon# in the\\nforests. Some moved to Philadelphia and\\nnearly all went back to France as soon as\\nthey believed their heads would not have\\nto pay the penalty. Noailles fought nobly\\nat Mole St. Nicholas against the British\\nand died at sea after a battle. The few\\n77", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "compatriots who remained on the Susque-\\nhanna became assimilated with those of An-\\nglo-Saxon blood and their descendants fill a\\ncreditable niche in local annals. French-\\ntown still exists in name and the township\\nis called Asylum.\\nThe praying Indians of Friedenshutten\\nhave a granite monument erected to their\\nmemory by the Moravian Historical So-\\nciety in a field near the railroad tracks, be-\\nlow the village of Wyalusing. But this\\nmonument does not embrace the whole\\nstory. It does not tell how Papunhank, a\\nDelaware sachem, who had settled about\\n20 families of his tribe at Wyalusing, in-\\nterested them in some of the truths of\\nChristianity, which he had imbibed at\\nPhiladelphia. It does not tell how these\\nIndians decided to accept the first teacher\\nthat came to them, were he Moravian or\\nQuaker. Nor does it describe how David\\nZeisberger, the celebrated Moravian apos-\\ntle to the Indians, having heard of the\\nawakening at Wyalusing, passed John\\nWoolman, a Quaker evangelist, who was\\nalso hurrying there, and so was hailed as\\nthe divinely appointed teacher. All these\\nare incidents of the beginnings of Frie-\\ndenshutten.\\nPontiac s war interrupted Zeisberger s\\nlabors. His charges were removed to an\\nisland in the Delaware below Philadelphia,\\nbut in 1765 they returned with others and\\na village was built in orderly fashion with\\nbark huts, log cabins, a mission house and\\na church of bark logs. The bell of that\\nedifice was the first church bell in the up-\\nper Susquehanna.\\nZeisberger made his Indians industrious,\\ncleanly and well behaved. But the en-\\ncroachments of Pennsylvania land survey-\\nors and the sneers and taunts of other In-\\ndians hampered his work, so in 1772 he de-\\ncided to move his colony to Ohio. The last\\nservice was held in the rude church on\\nJune II. Then the bell was put into a ca-\\nnoe and tolled for two miles down the\\nriver. One party went across country to\\nthe West branch, where they were joined\\nby the other half, who had gone down the\\nSusquehanna. This was the final chapter\\nof Friedenshutten.\\n78", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "Wyalusing, or, better, M Chwihilusing,\\nmeans the beautiful hunting ground.\\nAt least a century before the days of Pa-\\npunhank it was an Indian village called\\nGahontoto, the people of which were ex-\\nterminated by the Cayugas, who called\\nthem Tehotilachsae and said they were\\nneither Delawares nor Iroquois.\\nDuring the 33 miles from Wyalusing to\\nTunkhannock we saw a number of rope\\nor chain ferries, where a man hauling\\naway on a cable moved a flatboat capable\\nof carrying quite a load, and this without\\ndanger of being carried down stream in a\\nrather swift current. At Laceyville work-\\nmen were finishing a new bridge, the only\\none for many miles.\\nTunkhannock deserves a paragraph as a\\nlively town, the county seat of Wyoming\\ncounty, with a narrow-gauge railroad to\\nMontrose, several factories and a good\\ntrade in bluestone and in farm products.\\nIt has a population of 1,500, and is 54\\nmiles below Towanda and 23 above Pitts-\\nton. Its situation is beautiful.\\nThe Indian name describes it\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a place\\nwhere two smaller streams empty into a\\nlarge one, opposite each other. The neigh-\\nborhood abounds in high mountains of the\\nAlleghany ridge, known as the North\\nMountains. These peaks have Indian\\nnames\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Solecca, Chodano and Matchausing\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094but the two most conspicuous are known\\nas The Triangle and The Knob.\\nLake Carey, a picturesque little sheet sur-\\nrounded by tall hemlocks and pines, is\\nthree miles from Tunkhannock. Six miles\\naway is Glen Moneypenny.\\nMy last memory of today s ride is that of\\na beautiful high cascade, immediately\\nalongside the railroad track a few miles\\nabove Pittston. It is called Palling Spring.\\nThe waters of a copious fountain head\\npour over a bluff a couple of hundred feet\\nhigh, and fall with a grace deserving of a\\npoet s praise.", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "X.\\nTHE VALE OF WYOMING.\\nWlLKESBARRE, LlTZERNE COUNTY, Pa.,\\nAus:. 25.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I may as well bo frank with you\\nand confess that my first impression of the\\nfamed valley of Wyoming was one of dis-\\nappointment. But it is different now.\\nYou see, our entrance into the valley was\\nmade on a low level. When our train\\npassed through the mountain gap above\\nPittston we were almost immediately in\\nproximity to vast coal refuse heaps and\\ngreat black, grim-looking breakers. There\\nwas nothing to suggest the tragedy or ro-\\nmance of history or beauty of scenery.\\nMountains and high hills completely sur-\\nrounded the valley, but while they were\\nnoble and picturesque, the only niche\\nwhich they then seemed to fill was that of\\nmaking a big amphitheatre, within which\\nthousands and tens of thousands toiled\\nhard to make money from the abundance\\nof the earth s hidden treasure.\\nIt is necessary to climb one or more of\\nthese surrounding mountains to get a true\\nnotion of the beauty of Wyoming. When\\nthe valley is spread out in lovely perspec-\\ntive before you. you begin to comprehend\\nwhy Indians were loath to leave it; why\\nConnecticut Yankees and Pennsylvania\\nmilitia fought for its possession a quarter\\nof a century, and why poets and travelers\\nhave alike sounded its charms in more than\\none language.\\nYou will get niany suggestions as to the\\nbest high outlook on the inclosing hills.\\nFrom Campbell s Ledge, which is an ath-\\nletic climb above Pittston, there is a view\\ndown the length of the valley inspiring and\\nsublime, rather than intimate. The same\\nis true of the view up the valley from the\\nmountain above Nanticoke, at its lower\\n80", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "end\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a height called the Honey Pot, be-\\ncause wild bees were abundant there when\\nit was first ascended. Other persons com-\\nmend the view from the mountain bound-\\ning the north side of the valley, but the\\noutlook most often visited, because most\\neasily accessible, is Prospect Rock, which\\njuts out boldly upon the rugged southern\\nmountain wall, near Wilkesbarre. This is\\nnearly in the centre of the valley, and from\\nhere the eye can sweep up and down and\\ncan, on a clear day, look far up the Lack-\\nawanna and catch a glimpse of Wilkes-\\nbarre s thriving rival, Scranton.\\nFor my own part, I must recommend the\\nviews which I obtained from a Lehigh Val-\\nley train in coming down this same moun-\\ntain from a point near Prospect Rock. We\\nhad been to Glen Summit, a fashionable\\nhotel and cottage resort, high up, but back\\nfrom the valley. The train suddenly swept\\nthrough Solomon s Gap and we found our-\\nselves upon the outer edge, with the valley\\nspread out nearly a thousand feet beneath\\nus. The train swerved to the left to begin\\nits descent to the plains, and from the car\\nwindows on the right we drank in the\\npanorama for many minutes. Wilkesbarre\\nwas only four miles away, but to get to it\\n17 miles of raili oad grades were necessary.\\nRounding the ridge, we first ran south-\\nwest for half a dozen miles by a route cut\\nout from the side of the mountain and de-\\nscending 96 feet to each mile. Then we re-\\nversed our course, and coming northeast\\nthrough the coal town of Ashley, drew up\\nat the station at Wilkesbarre. The last\\nhalf of the ride served to dish up more\\nclosely some of the places we had seen in\\npanorama from the ridge.\\nFrom above, the valley was green with\\ncornfields, meadows and gardens. The\\nbreakers and coal heaps were mercifully\\nlost to view in the ensemble. Wilkesbarre\\nlooked like a toy village upon a nursery\\nfloor, and with the imagination playing\\nsuch tricks it was hard to believe 50,000\\npersons had their homes there. Other large\\ntowns dotted the beautiful plain\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Pittston,\\nmiles up; Kingston, across the river from\\nWilkesbarre: Plymouth, below Kingston,\\ntoward the west, and Nanticoke. farther\\n81", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "west, at the valley s end. Smaller villages\\nand clusters of homes were there, too nu-\\nmerous to count as we rushed down the\\nmountain side. Coal towns, all of them,\\nI knew, yet the knowledge thus forced\\nupon me did not detract from the pleasure\\nafforded by the smiling perspective and\\nthe general beautiful contour.\\nI began to fancy myself the first white\\nman who had spied out the land, and I\\nunderstood how the report which he gave\\nto his Connecticut neighbors made them\\neager to settle in such a charming spot.\\nTo him, used to the stony hills of Connecti-\\ncut. Wyoming must have seemed the fair-\\nest place on earth. The valley covers a\\nmagnificent stretch of 20 miles northeast\\nand southwest. The plain between the\\nhills averages three miles and is spread\\nout in flats and bottoms of luxuriant soil.\\nThrough the centre of this great sunlit\\nvalley the Susquehanna winds in gentle\\ncurves, seemingly wearied with its swift\\nflow from Otsego and apparently anxious\\nto linger here so as to refresh itself with\\nthe charms of nature before passing on\\nto the sea. From a high outlook it is not\\nalways visible. Such are its windings and\\nsuch the variety which characterizes its\\nbanks that it is seen only in sections and\\noften hides itself among bowers of willow,\\nsycamore and maple or beside low, green\\nislands.\\nThe mountain panorama is magnificent\\nfrom an altitude. To the north and west\\nis a threefold tier of ridges that rise one\\nabove another, one of them near at hand\\nbounding the valley, while the other two\\npeer from above with their blue tops, as\\nfrom some other world. The farthest is\\nthe North Mountain, 2.000 feet above the\\nSusquehanna. The slopes nearer at hand\\naverage about 800 feet to the top. The east-\\nern range upon which we were speeding\\nis precipitous and strikingly diversified\\nwith clefts, ravines and forests.\\nSuch was the valley s intrinsic loveliness\\nwhen the white men first came here. Think\\nwhat a charm it has now, with its beauty\\nreinforced by thrilling recollections of\\nsome of the most tragic scenes in our na-\\ntional history, by sweet imaginations of the\\n82", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "poets and by memories of its sudden and\\ngiant-like growth when the wealth that\\nlay beneath the ground first became ap-\\npreciated. Wyoming is. indeed, a classic\\nand household name, suggestive the world\\nover of romance and fact, beauty and hor-\\nror, fascinating traditions and wonderful\\nfeats of modern enterprise. Or, as an-\\nother writer has put it, it is the label\\nof a treasured packet of absorbing history\\nand winning romance, as well as the\\nname of a valley of sunny skies, rustling\\ntrees, dancing waters and frowning hills.\\nThis valley, nestling by Susquehanna s\\nside, was named b.v the Indians Maugh-\\nwau-wame The Big Plains The ear-\\nliest whites dropped the first syllable and\\nrendered the name Wau-wau-mie, which\\nstill retained the Indian sweetness. Then\\nthe native melody was lost in Wyomie,\\nbut was finally restored in Wyoming.\\nIt is not my purpose to recall at length\\nthe battle of Wyoming and the subsequent\\nmassacre. The nation s historians and\\nmany local writers of ready pen have made\\nthe world acquainted with the tragedy and\\na thousand and one bloody incidents. The\\nwhole story is condensed in the following\\nbeautiful inscription upon the tall granite\\nobelisk, which was erected half a century\\nago upon the spot which was the scene of\\nthe hardest fighting:\\nNear this spot was fought, on the afternoon of\\nthe 3d of July. 1778, the battle of Wyoming, in\\nwhich a small band of patriotic- Americans, chiefly\\nthe undisciplined, the youthful and the aged,\\nspared by inefficiency from the distant ranks of the\\nrepublic, led by Col. Zebulon Butler and Col. Na-\\nthaniel Denison, with a courage that deserved suc-\\ncess, boldly met and bravely fought a combined\\nBritish, Tory and Indian force of thrice their num-\\nber. Numerical success alone gave success to the\\ninvader, and widespread havoc, desolation and ruin\\nmarked his savage and bloody footsteps through\\nthe Valley.\\nThis monument, commemorative of these events\\nand in memory of the actors in them, has been\\nerected over the bones of the slain by their descend-\\nants and others, who gratefully appreciate the serv-\\nices and sacrifices of their patriotic ancestors.\\nThis monument is about five miles above\\nWilkesbarre, upon the north or opposite\\nbank of the Susquehanna, and near an at-\\n83", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "tractive village known as Wyoming. The\\nvarious sites of Revolutionary interest are\\nnow conveniently and quickly visited by a\\ntrolley line running upon a broad highway\\nconnecting West Pittston with Kingston,\\nwhich I have mentioned as being across the\\nriver from Wilkesbarre. The trip, of course,\\nenabled us to understand the battle by go-\\ning over the ground, but in addition it in-\\ntroduced us to a succession of Wyoming s\\nattractive villages, so built up by the elec-\\ntric cars that between the suburbs of any\\ntwo the distance is so short there is really\\nno country seen for the entire ride, save at\\na distance. The streets of the several\\ntowns are broad, well shaded and lighted\\nby electricity: the schools and churches in\\nthem indicate a progressive community,\\nm while the homes show a comfortably sit-\\nuated people.\\nWest Pittston, where we started, on the\\nright bank of the Susquehanna, directly\\nopposite Pittson, is a cultured community,\\nin which are found the homes of many of\\nPittston s wealthy business men. Many of\\nthe dwellings are handsome and some of\\nthe churches are costly edifices. As a resi-\\ndence town it has the advantage of having\\nnot a single place for the sale of liquor.\\nThe villages and towns between West\\nPittston and Kingston are Exeter, Wyo-\\nming, Forty Fiirt, Vaughn s Corners and\\nDorranceton. In these places live descend-\\nants of those who managed to escape the\\nfury of the red men. Wyoming is on the\\nbattle field and near the monument. To the\\nnorth and through a mountain valley is\\nthe beautiful camp-meeting ground of Wyo-\\nming Conference. Forty Fort bears its pe-\\nculiar name because its neighborhood was\\noriginally settled by that number of Con-\\nnecticut immigrants. In the old Methodist\\nChurch there, erected in 1807, Francis As-\\nbury and Lorenzo Dow did much to spread\\nMethodism in what is now a stronghold of\\nthat religion.\\nAt Kingston is located the Wyoming\\nConference Seminary, which, since its\\nfoundation in 1843 by Methodists, has\\ngraduated many men prominent in church\\nand public circles. Its large buildings\\n84", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "were mainly erected through the generosity\\nof wealthy men of the Wyoming Valley.\\nKingston, like West Pittston, is chiefly a\\nresidence town, through its nearness to\\nWilkesbarre, and many of the hitter s best\\nknown men have fine homes there. On the\\noutskirts of the town are several large\\ncollieries and large ear shops of the Dela-\\nware, Lackawanna and Western Road,\\nwhich also has extensive yards where coal\\ntrains are made up.\\nLet lis now go back to the battle held.\\nWest Pittston includes the site of the\\nRevolutionary Fort Jenkins, the tirst place\\ntaken by the Tory and Indian forces when\\nthey entered the valley after coming down\\nthe Susquehanna. Fort Wintermoot was a\\nmile west and not so near the river. The\\nmen who built it and whose name it bore\\nprofessed to be Americans, but were really\\nTories, and promptly yielded the stockade\\nto the invaders. The two forts are long\\nsince gone, but in the river near Fort Win-\\ntermoot we were shown Monocacy Island,\\nto which many brave patriots were pur-\\nsued when defeat had occurred, and where\\nmuch terrible slaughter ensued. It was on\\nthe shore of this little island, now so pretty\\nand green, that a Wyoming resident who\\nhad turned Tory is said to have slain his\\nown brother under revolting circumstances,\\ncrying out as he murdered him, No quar-\\nter, for you are a d rebel.\\nWe were also shown Queen Esther s\\nRock, where the notorious half-breed\\nSeneca woman, infuriated by the recent\\nkilling of her son, is said to have slain 14\\nAmericans on the night of the battle. Six-\\nteen prisoners Avere brought before her,\\nseated one by one on the stone, and the\\nold woman dashed out their brains. Two\\nmanaged to break away from their Indian\\ncaptors and make their escape. The bowl-\\nder is not an especially large one, but it\\nstands in full view in a field not far from\\nthe monument. A portion of it is of a red-\\ndish hue, and the credulous see in this\\ndiscoloration the ineffaceable stain of hu-\\nman blood. Around another similar stone\\nthe bodies of nine victims were found, but\\nno one escaped to narrate the details of\\nthe tragedy there enacted.\\n85", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "Forty Fort was the stockade from which\\nthe patriots had inarched forth to give\\nbattle and to which the survivors had re-\\nturned in defeat and flight. It was sur-\\nrendered to the Tories on the following\\nd;iy. and was the scene of many acts of\\nviolence and plunder, for the Tory leader\\nwas unable to restrain his white men and\\nred men. Hundreds of Wyoming s people\\nfled down the Susquehanna or toward the\\nDelaware, through the swampy region\\nwhich has ever since been known as The\\nShades of Death.\\nThe site of Forty Fort stockade is in-\\ntersected by the highway over which we\\nrode. There are no remains of it. I was\\ntold that the old log house in which the\\nsurrender was arranged and signed is still\\nstanding, but I was unable to find it.\\nThe Indian and pioneer history of the\\nWyoming is not so well known to the gen-\\neral reader, but has great interest and has\\ngiven many places in the valley a charm\\nof their own.\\nThe Big Plains were a favorite spot\\nwith the Indians. The mountains abounded\\nwith game. The streams swarmed with\\nfish at all seasons, and in the spring were\\nfilled with the migratory shad of a size\\nand flavor unknown nearer the sea. Wild\\nfruits and grapes covered the hills ana\\nriver banks, whose fertile soil gave a rich\\nreturn to the rude husbandry of the red\\nmen.\\nAbout the year 1750, which was prior to\\nthe white settlements, there was a curious\\nassortment of Indian tribes here. ISear\\nthe site of Wilkesbarre, on the south side\\nof thf river was Maugh-wau-wanie, a\\nvillage of the Dela wares, who had been\\nmoved there by the haughty Iroquois. Far-\\nther up, on the same side, was another\\nDelaware village on a flat place known\\nfrom the name of the chief as Jacob s\\nPlain. On the north side, in this upper\\nend of the valley. Conrad Weiser, a famous\\nIndian interpreter, says he found a rem-\\nnant of Mohicans. A clan of the Shawnees,\\nthat restless nation of wanderers, had\\na large village in the lower part of the\\nvalley, on the site of Plymouth, while the\\n86", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "Nanticokes, from Maryland, lived on a spot\\nwhich has ever since borne their name.\\nIn 1742 Count Zinzendorf\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the famous\\nfounder of the Moravian religion, a man\\nwhose nobility of birth was as assured as\\nhis nobility of character\u00e2\u0080\u0094 came into Wy-\\noming to establish a mission. He was re-\\nceived with suspicion by the Shawnees,\\nwho thought he had come to obtain land.\\nThey planned to kill him, and one night\\ncrept to his tent. Inside, the Count, uncon-\\nscious of lurking danger, was writing by a\\nfire. A rattlesnake, attracted from its hole\\nby the warmth, was crawling lazily over\\nthe feet of the good man, who was too\\ndeeply engrossed in his pious task to no-\\ntice the dangerous intruder. The Indians\\nwere awed by this sight, and stole away,\\nbelieving that their visitor was, indeed, a\\nward of the Great Spirit.\\nTwo events led to the departure of the\\nred men from Wyoming. A curious combat\\nin 1755 known as the Grasshopper War\\ncompelled the Shawnees to leave, and the\\nmassacre, in 1763. of the earliest white set-\\ntlers, at Mill creek, caused the Delawares\\nto flee. The Mohicans had dropped out of\\nnotice and the Nanticokes had moved up\\nthe Susquehanna.\\nThe Grasshopper War grew out of a\\nquarrel between the women and children\\nof the Shawnees and the Delawares over\\nrival claims to the ownership of a large\\ngrasshopper caught by one of the children.\\nThe men of both tribes were hunting at\\nthe time upon the mountains, but on their\\nreturn the Shawnees attacked Maugh-wau-\\nwame, but were repulsed by the Delawares\\nwith great slaughter, and finally driven\\nfrom the valley.\\nThirty white pioneers were massacred by\\nthe Delawares at Mill Creek, which is a\\ncouple of miles above Wilkesbarre, near\\nthe river bank. The settlement had been\\nmade from Connecticut and was only a\\nyear old. Tadeuskund. the Delaware chief,\\nhad been murdered by a party of Iroquois,\\nwho fathered the crime upon the new im-\\nmigrants and incited the massacre of the\\nwhites. The Delawares fled from the val-\\nley after the massacre.\\n87", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "Several times I have referred to the con-\\nflict between Pennsylvania and Connecti-\\ncut for the possession of Wyoming Valley.\\nIt was a long and wearisome, often bloody,\\nseries of fights\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not creditable to the good\\nsense of the masters of either colony. Ar-\\nbitration and compromise might have cut\\nthe quarrel short in the beginning, as it did\\nafter Wyoming s dwellers had been afflict-\\ned for 20 years with battles, sieges, barri-\\ncades, stratagems, truces, ill-treatment of\\nwomen and children, and capture and mur-\\nder of the heads of many families. Penn-\\nsylvania s fight was a governmental one,\\nnever popular with the people of the Com-\\nmonwealth, who sympathized with the\\nConnecticut settlers.\\nThe conflict was due to the Connecticut\\ncharter, which gave the State from ocean\\nto ocean within certain latitudes, and\\nwhich was, indeed, a royal gift had men\\nbut known its value, for it included the\\ncoal mines of Wyoming, the oil regions of\\nPennsylvania, the fairest corn lands of\\nmany prairie States and a goodly share of\\nCalifornia s gold and Colorado s silver.\\nWhen Wyoming was found to be a para-\\ndise amid bleak mountains the Susque-\\nhanna Company was formed in Connecti-\\ncut to purchase the Indian title and occu-\\npy the valley. Pennsylvania resisted the\\nYankee claim, and in 1769 began the so-\\ncalled First Pennamite War. The great-\\ner happenings of the Revolution interrupt-\\ned the conflict, but from 1780 to 1789 the\\nSecond Pennamite War went merrily on.\\nAn arbitration tribunal decided against\\nConnecticut s claim, but tne Pennsylva-\\nnians embittered the struggle by insisting\\nupon the ejectment of all Yankees. Better\\ncounsels prevailed and the talents of the\\nnoted Col. Timothy Pickering, of Massa-\\nchusetts, were enlisted. He was given all\\nthe public offices of the newly created\\nPennsylvania county\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a sort of colonial\\nPooh Bah and after many years the\\nYankee settlers were secured in their ti-\\ntles on condition of yielding allegiance to\\nPennsylvania. But this did not happen un-\\ntil a party of fiery Yankees, angry at the\\ncapture and imprisonment of their leader,\\nCol. John Franklin, abducted Pickering\\n88", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "and kept him for several weeks in a little\\nhut many miles up the Susquehanna. After\\npeace came, Pickering returned to Massa-\\nchusetts, selling for .$5,r 00 possessions in\\nWyoming now said to be worth .$2,000,000.\\nThe chief points in the valley associated\\nwith the Pennamite War were Forts Wy-\\noming and Durkee, which were on the Sus-\\nquehanna s banks in what is now the heart\\nof Wilkesbarre. These were taken and re-\\ntaken many times by one or the other\\nparty. The people of Wyoming also refer\\nwith pride to the narrow mountain defile\\non the west bank above the rapids at Nan-\\nticoke. There a party of 700 Pennsylva-\\nnians, inarching up from Sunbury, were\\nambuscaded and repulsed with severe oss.\\nThe New England form of local govern-\\nment prevailed when the Yankees held\\npower. The source of authority was the\\ntown-meeting. The townships were part of\\nLitchfield county and had representatives\\nin the Legislature at Hartford.\\nNo recollections of Wyoming s history\\nare complete without a mention of Frances\\nSlocum, the lost captive. When she was a\\nlittle girl her father was a Quaker farmer\\nwhere Wilkesbarre now stands. She was\\ncarried off by a party of Indians, and for\\nmany years her family vainly searched for\\ntidings of her. In 1833 a traveler who met\\nMocanaqua, an old Indian squaw, in a\\nMiami village in Illinois, was told by her\\nthat she was of white blood; that she re-\\nmembered her father as wearing a broad-\\nbrimmed hat, and that her childhood home\\nhad been somewhere on the Susquehanna.\\nShe had married a chief among her ab-\\nductors, had spent a happy life and was a\\nwidow with considerable property. The\\ntraveler wrote to a Pennsylvania news-\\npaper, and two brothers of Frances, now\\ngray-haired men, went to Illinois to re-\\nclaim her. She was suspicious of them at\\nfirst, but at last the recognition was mu-\\ntual.\\nThe brothers begged Mocanaqua to re-\\nturn with them, but she refused. I ve\\nbeen an Indian all my life, she said. My\\nways are those of red men, not of white.\\nI would not be happy with you. Here I\\nwish to die.\\n89", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "XI.\\nBENEATH A BIG CITY.\\nWlLKESBARRE, LUZERNE COUNTY. PA.,\\nAug. 26. Some writer has fancifully\\npointed out that the coal fields of Penn-\\nsylvania are shaped like a huge mastodon,\\nthe body being the great bituminous beds\\nof the central and west portions of the\\nStatp. and the jaws rudely represented by\\nthe hard coal district of Wyoming.\\nIt is a monster whose clutches Pennsyl-\\nvanians are proud of and would sacrifice\\ngreat things rather than shake off. For\\nGod has truly given wondrous prosperity\\nto the people of the State, and to the peo-\\nple of Wyoming, in these glorious anthra-\\ncite deposits.\\nA chain of cities, towns and villages,\\nnearly 50 miles long, with Wilkesbarre,\\nPittston and Scranton as the chief points,\\nand with a combined population of a third\\nof a million, shows in brief measure what\\nold King Coal has done to give wealth\\nin his kingdom. They are all his subjects\\nhere. Those who do not mine, manufac-\\nture; and manufacture because the fuel is\\nbeside them. Tradesmen and merchants\\nwho neither mine nor manufacture depend\\nupon those who do for custom, and so\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nwheel within wheel\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all depends upon the\\nblack diamond. Coal makes the mare go.\\nIt is said that the coal strata underneath\\nWyoming Valley average 56 feet in thick-\\nness, and that every acre, at a conserva-\\ntive estimate, should yield 1,000 tons for\\neach foot of depth. In other words, two\\nbillions of tons of anthracite are here wait-\\ning to be dug up to keep the world warm.\\nMillions of tons are annually brought out,\\nand the surface of Wyoming Valley is\\n90", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "thickly marked with huge mountains of\\nblack waste and scores of great, grim-\\nlooking breakers, which to some poetic\\nmind suggested a fierce-looking Rhenish\\ncastle, but to me, a dweller in a grain-\\nhandling city, seems more nearly akin to a\\nhigh elevator, only 20 times as dingy.\\nThe problem of waste is a serious one\\nwith the people of this coal land. The\\ngreat heaps of dust and slate refuse rise 150\\nto 200 feet high beside the older mines\\nand extend for half a mile. They have\\nbroken up farming on the surface, have\\nruined many pleasant homes, have marred\\nthe beauty of Wyoming and have become\\na loafing place for unruly men and boys\\nand for dogs, hogs and goats. Often the\\npiles catch afire and burn for months,\\nendangering life and property and throw-\\ning off noxious gases. To a visitor these\\nburning heaps are at night a beautiful\\nsight, but to the dweller they are a\\nmenace. Moreover, it is being realized\\nthat the recklessness of earlier mining\\nthrew away much small coal that could\\nhave been burned and the piles are being\\nturned over to get this out. The mine\\nboilers and plant are fed with it, even\\nthough it is not put on the market. There\\nis a feeling among thoughtful men that\\nWyoming s coal will not last forever and\\nthat it is best to be prudent.\\nMany of the mines are directly beneath\\ncities and towns. This is a never-ending\\namazement to the unthinking, some of\\nwhom are so ignorant as to walk the\\nstreets of Wilkesbarre quaking in their\\nboots for fear the earth may literally\\nswallow them up, and much relieved when\\nthe day s visit is over. Yet the bowels of\\nthe earth are honeycombed with gang-\\nways, galleries and passages best adapted\\nto enable the miners to attack the coal\\nwith the most ease. Ttjese excavations\\nare of course far beneath the streets and\\nhave been planned with much science and\\ncalculation. Some of the mines run under\\nthf Susquehanna to the other side from\\nthe opening, and, as an instance of en-\\ngineering skill, I was told of a mine at\\nPittston which was started directly be-\\nneath another which had to be abandoned\\n91", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "because about 20 acres of it caught on fire\\nand burned for years.\\nThe courtesy of a mine superintendent\\ntoday enabled me to go down into a mine\\nwhich is being worked under Wilkesbarre\\nI had planned the trip because I wanted\\nto imagine how I would feel hundreds of\\nfeet beneath a big city, but to tell the\\ntruth, I almost forgot this prearranged\\nnotion in the interests of the depths. Halls\\nand chambers of Cyclopean proportions\\nwere found after we had descended the\\nshaft. The tiny safety lamps in the min-\\ners caps\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I had one, too\u00e2\u0080\u0094 looked like will-\\no -the-wisps as they moved about, and\\nno sound was heard but the miners tools\\nor the report of a blast in some distant\\ngallery. I felt awed in these midnight\\nchambers and even a bit uneasy when the\\nsuperintendent was called away for a mo-\\nment. My remembrance of cave-ins was\\nparticularly strong for the instant, and I\\nwas startled when a little car full of\\nfreshly mined coal loomed upon me, with\\nthe aid of a mule and a boy. Presently\\nmy guide returned, and with him I went\\nfarther into the recesses, gloomy as the\\ntomb of Thebes. The digging was being\\ndone in breasts. or galleries at right\\nangles to the main gangway, often not\\nlevel, because pitched with the slope of the\\nstrata. Between each of these breasts\\na pillar of coal several yards thick is left\\nto support the roof.\\nWhen hauled up to the surface and to\\nthe top of the breakers, the coal is first\\ndumped upon a large platform, where the\\nbig pieces of slate are picked out. Then\\nthe best lumps of large coal are selected\\nand the others shoved between breaking\\ntools, or crushers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 heavy iron cylinders,\\nwith sharp teeth. Sieves of varying dimen-\\nsions then come into play to pick out the\\ncoal of different sizes.\\nWyoming was the seat of the first dis-\\ncoveries of coal in America, though the\\nLehigh Coal Company, of Mauch Chunk,\\nwas the first mining company. The In-\\ndians seem to have known the use of coal.\\nIn 1710 two of AVyoming s chiefs were\\ntaken to England and saw coal burning\\nthere for domestic purposes. They had\\n92", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "some sort of a mine in this valley, for in\\n1776 they complained that white men were\\nworking the vein. In 1769, Obadiah Gore,\\na blacksmith from Connecticut, burned\\ncoal in his forge, the site of which was a\\nshort distance above Wilkesbarre on the\\nriver flats. In 1776 an arsenal forge of\\nthe Continental government at Carlisle\\nwas supplied with coal taken from a sur-\\nface outcropping on the banks of the Sus-\\nquehanna at Mill creek, above Wilkes-\\nbarre. Near the old mine the Lehigh Val-\\nley Company has now two shafts in full\\noperation, more than 600 feet beneath the\\nsurface, and from which several hundred\\nthousand tons are annually raised.\\nOn account of the difficulty of ignition\\nbeeause of the need of a draft of air and\\nof a prevailing belief that anthracite was\\nuse less coal, it was slow to be appreciated,\\nSome which was shipped from Mauch\\nChunk to Philadelphia could not be sold,\\nwas a miserable failure when used beneath\\nthe boiler of the city waterworks and was\\nfinally broken up and used as gravel on\\nsidewalks. At last, in 1808, Jesse Fell, a\\nWilkesbarre hotel-keeper, afterward a\\ncounty judge, discovered that hard coal\\nwould burn if put in a grate with a good\\ndraft of air. The site where this val-\\nuable discovery was made is now in the\\ncentre of Wilkesbarre, at Washington and\\nNorthampton streets. It attracted much\\nattention, resulted in the general use of\\ncoal in Wyoming s homes and started min-\\ning and the vast trade now enjoyed. Coal\\nlaud brought $5 an aere when Fell made\\nhis experiment. Now it is cheap at $1,000.\\nWilkesbarre in early times was supplied\\nfrom a now historic mine, the old Balti-\\nmore, about a mile southeast of the then\\nvillage. It was opened in 1814 by Gen.\\nLord Butler, who sold its product for $3\\na ton. In 1829 Baltimore capitalists, head-\\ned by Thomas Symington, bought the mine\\nfor $14,000\u00e2\u0080\u0094410 acres for less than $35 an\\nacre\u00e2\u0080\u0094 organized the Baltimore Coal Com-\\npany under Maryland laws and began ship-\\nping hard coal to Baltimore in river boats.\\nThe Baltimore mine is considered to have\\nbeen one of the finest veins of anthracite\\nin the country. A stone forest was long\\n93", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "visible in its depths, the trunks and roots\\nof immense trees being plainly evident.\\nThe stump of one was placed in the vesti\\nbule of the courthouse at Wilkesbarre.\\nAt an early day, it is said, when the Bal-\\ntimore mine was still rudely worked at its\\noutcropping*, a party of Quakers visited\\nthe place. The light from without re-\\nflected many hues in the sparkling an-\\nthracite, and the impressiveness of the\\nplace so affected one of the number, Rachel\\nPrice, that she broke out into utterances\\nof gratitude to the great Supreme Being\\nfor having placed such storehouses of\\nfuel amid the wilderness of this cold\\nNorthern clime to be preserved for the\\nbenefit of His people when the forests\\nshould be swept away and their need\\nshould be sorest.\\nThe history of coal mining is, unfortu-\\nnately, replete with terrible disasters. Of\\nthese one of the worst was on September\\nf), I860, at the Avondale mine, near Plym-\\nouth, on the north side of the Susque-\\nhanna, some miles below Wilkesbarre.\\nThe breaker burned, and there being but\\none outlet, and that through the breaker,\\n208 men were suffocated. By this acci-\\ndent 72 widows and 153 orphans were left.\\nRelief committees were organized in many\\ncities, and $155,825 was subscribed. A new\\nbreaker was erected at once, and the mine\\nhas been operated ever since.\\nWilkesbarre was a straggling country\\nvillage for two-thirds of a century after\\nits foimdation, and might have remained\\nso forever had not coal wealth transformed\\nit. It has a fine situation beside the Sus-\\nquehanna, which is here about five or six\\nhundred feet wide. As at Harrisburg, the\\nstreet next the river has always been the\\nchoice residence avenue, containing fine\\nand costly homes in pretty grounds and the\\nleading hotels. The bluff between the\\nstreet and the water is public property\\nand has been parked, so that the dwellers\\non River street can look across green\\nlawns, over the river and the plains of\\nKingston, at the blue walls of Wyoming\\nMountain.\\nWhen Wilkesbarre was laid out by Col.\\nJohn Durkee he made a diamond-shaped\\n94", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "square the centre of his town of 200 acres,\\nand that has been the heart of Wilkesbarre\\never since, though the city extends back\\nfor three miles southward and about two\\nmiles east and west. In the diamond\\nstands the Luzerne County Courthouse, a\\nlarge brick and stone structure of peculiar\\nRomanesque architecture. It is one of a\\nnumber of fine large structures. Among\\nthe others are the City Hall, one block\\nfrom the courthouse, the jail, the armory\\nof the Ninth Pennsylvania Militia, two\\nexcellent theatres, two hospitals, a num-\\nber of business blocks, the Osterhout Free\\nLibrary and 35 church edifices, 11 of which\\nare Methodist Episcopal. A conspicuous\\nedifice in the suburbs is the Mallinckrodt\\nConvent, founded in 1878 by Miss Paulina\\nvon Mallinckrodt, a member of a noble\\nGerman family. It is the mother house of\\nthe Sisters of Christian Charity in the\\nUnited States and is popular as a noviti-\\nate and academy for girls.\\nWilkesbarre has had but few vicissitudes\\nsince its troubles in infancy. Founded in\\n1772, named for two energetic defenders of\\nAmerican liberty in the British Parlia-\\nment\u00e2\u0080\u0094John Wilkes and Col. Isaac Barre\\n(as Pittston was named after William\\nPitt)\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it was made a borough in 1806 and\\na city in 1871. Its municipal activity is\\nshown in a mountain water supply, a Daid\\nfire department, a steam heating system,\\n31 miles of sewers and 75 miles of streets,\\npaved with asphalt, vitrified brick or wood.\\nThe street railway system is a remark-\\nable development, for there are a dozen\\nlines, all starting from the courthouse\\nsquare, radiating like arteries north, east,\\nsouth and west, linking every town and\\nvillage hereabouts to Wilkesbarre and\\nbringing a population of more than 100.000\\nwithin half an hour of Wilkesbarre s stores\\nand amusements. The longest lines are up\\nthe valley to Scranton and across moun-\\ntains northward to Harvey s Lake.\\nOf still greater magnitude are Wilkes-\\nbarre s railroad advantages. Coal has at-\\ntracted no less than seven railroads. Four\\nof them\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the Lehigh Valley, Central Rail-\\nroad of New Jersey, Delaware, Lacka-\\nwanna and Western and the New York,\\n95", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "Susquehanna and Western\u00e2\u0080\u0094 run to New\\nYork and, combined, give 16 trains daily\\nto New York. The Susquehanna and West-\\nem is the former Wilkesbarre and East-\\nern line, which runs by way of Delaware\\nWater Gap and parallels the D., L. and W.\\nWilkesbarre is the southern terminus of\\nthe Pennsylvania Division of the Delaware\\nand Hudson system and the eastern termi-\\nnus of the Pennsylvania Railroad s Sun-\\nbury Division. The seventh road is the\\nErie and Wyoming Valley, which taps the\\nErie road at Lackawaxen and is a valuable\\ncoal feeder.\\nAu interesting survival of pioneer trans-\\nportation methods is a series of planes at\\nAshley, a few miles south of Wilkesbarre.\\nThey were built in 1839 to carry loaded\\ncanal boats across the mountains to the\\nLehigh river and so to Philadelphia. The\\nthree planes aggregate an ascent of 1,150\\nfeet. Cars hauled by strings of horses\\npulled the boats to the foot of the planes.\\nCoal cars are now run up and down the\\nplanes.\\nWilkesbarre s manufactures cannot be\\nforgotten. Two large lace manufactories\\nare worth a visit, and there are silk mills,\\nfour foundries, axle works, three locomo-\\ntive and engine shops, wire-rope works,\\ngun works, cutlery works, two immense\\nbreweries and many manufactories of iron,\\nsteel, wood and leather. There will be a\\nlarger array soon, with Wilkesbarre s ad-\\nvantages.\\n96", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "XII.\\nTHE HOME OF PRIESTLEY.\\nNorthumberland. Pa., Aug. 28.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 As our\\ntrain came into Northumberland yesterday\\nfrom the Wyoming Valley our conductor,\\npointing to a long frame house beside the\\nrailroad track and between it and the\\ncanal, said:\\nThere is where Dr. Priestley lived and\\ndied.\\nI had asked him about the home of the\\nfamous discoverer of oxygen and founder\\nof chemistry, and I turned eagerly as he\\npointed. The railroad track now runs very\\nclose to the front door of the mansion,\\nwhich was built by Dr. Priestley. In his\\nday neither railroad nor canal was there,\\nand he was by the river side. His house is\\ntwo stories high, with a one-story exten-\\nsion on either side, one of which has al-\\nways been a kitchen, while in the other\\nwas the chemist s library and laboratory.\\nYou will recall that in 1794, after he had\\nbeen assailed by riotous Britishers for his\\nadvanced views on the French Revolution,\\nthe English scientist and philosopher came\\nto Northumberland and dwelt here until\\nhis death in 1804. His life here, while\\nplacid, was also busy. He corresponded\\nwith Adams and Jefferson., and with the\\nAmerican Philosophical Society, wrote\\nagainst Paine and Volney and a number of\\nFrench freethinkers, upheld Biblical insti-\\ntutions in comparison with those of Orient-\\nal antiquity, completed his church history\\nand annotated the whole Bible. His lit-\\nerary work was usually done in shorthand\\nbeside the fireside in this house, though he\\noften thought out his writings while tak-\\ning long walks in the neighborhood.\\nPriestley rests in an old burying ground\\non the slope of Montour s Ridge, back of\\n97", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "Northumberland, a comparatively neg-\\nlected spot. Descendants of his name live\\nin the town, a grandson of the identical\\nname having been a physician. In 1874\\nAmerican chemists assembled here to cele-\\nbrate the centennial of the discovery of\\noxygen.\\nAnother prominent man here a century\\nago was Thomas Cooper, Priestley s friend\\nand fellow-immigrant. He practiced law\\nand became a strong Democrat and a local\\njudge. Subsequently he was a professor of\\nchemistry in Dickinson College and the\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania, and president\\nof South Carolina College, a man emineut\\nfor his versatility.\\nThe scenery about Northumberland is as\\npleasing today as it was when Priestley\\nand Cooper found delight in it. The West\\nBranch meets the main stream of the Sus-\\nquehanna in a majestic way. The main\\nstream is parted by an island upon which\\nJohn B. Packer has a widely known model\\nfarm. A century ago this island was owned\\nby Edward Lyon, another who came with\\nPriestley. The united river is almost a lake\\nfor a couple of miles, as it has been\\ndammed at Shamokin to feed the canal.\\nThe waters are still and mirror-like, re-\\nflecting the beauties of Blue Hill, which\\nrises perpendicularly from the farther side\\nof the West Branch. Northumberland,\\nwhich has 2,500 inhabitants, is between the\\ntwo streams. Its more ambitious rival,\\nSunbury, which lays claim to 10,000 souls,\\nis on a level plain on the bank of the united\\nriver two miles south of Northumberland.\\nHills are back of both towns, some with\\ngentle slopes, some as abrupt as Blue Hill.\\nMany of the traditions of the neighbor-\\nhood cluster around Blue Hill. In a cer-\\ntain line of vision it is possible to see in\\nthe rocky bluff a clear outline of the face\\nof an Indian chief. It is, they say, a good\\nlikeness of Shikellimy, one of the most\\nfamous Indians of the Susquehanna, a\\nsachem who was stationed at this point to\\nact as viceroy of the Six Nations over the\\nsubsidiary tribes of Pennsylvania and\\nfarther south. Shikellimy was an Indian\\nof noble mind, a man worthily the father\\nof an even more famous Indian, Logan,\\n98", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "the Mingo, who was born here and who\\nlater moved to the Juniata and thence to\\nOhio. Every schoolboy knows his famous\\nspeech against the white man s misdeeds,\\nas reported by Thomas Jefferson.\\nShikellimy governed here from about 1728\\nuntil his death in 1749. He was the friend\\nof many influential men of the colony, in-\\ncluding Count Zinzendorf and David Zeis-\\nberger, who founded a Moravian mission\\nhere in 1745, and maintained a smithy\\nwhere the red men s guns were repaired.\\nThe name Shamokin is said to mean\\nwhere gun barrels are straightened.\\nThe Indian village of Shamokin was a\\nlittle north of the present town of Sunbury\\nand near the river. It was a place of some\\nsize and had an extensive burial ground,\\nin which many Indian beads, utensils and\\nimplements have been found. About 40\\nyears ago there was uncovered the grave\\nf one who had evidently been a chief of\\nhigh rank, and it is concluded that this\\nwas Shikellimy.\\nNorthumberland and Sunbury were laid\\nout about the same time, the former in\\n177~ at the instance of Reuben Haines, a\\nwealthy Philadelphia brewer, who had ex-\\ntensive land holdings in the vicinity, and\\nthe latter in 1772, at the instance of Wil-\\nliam Maclay, who was the first United\\nStates Senator from Pennsylvania, and\\nwhose old stone house in Sunbury, built\\nin 1773, is still standing. Maclay married\\na daughter of the founder of Harrisburg\\nami his late years were spent there.\\nIn early times there were many predic-\\ntions of the future greatness of Northum-\\nberland, based upon its situation, but to-\\nday its chief industry is a nail factory and\\nthe town has a more or less decayed,\\nthough genteel, look, while in Sunbury\\nthere is abundant evidence of thrift and of\\na variety of manufactures. There are rail-\\nroad repair shops, a rolling mill, an organ\\nfactory, a saw and planing mill, coffin, table,\\nsash and door factories. Moreover, as the\\noutlet of the Shamokin coal district, back\\nin the hills and connected by a railroad,\\nSunbury handles at least a million tons an-\\nnually. Its railroad yards are big.\\nIn Northumberland s quiet streets it is\\n99\\nL,tra", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "not easy to believe that the town onee\\ncame within a single vote of being tne\\nState capital.\\nWe took in the sights of the neighbor-\\nhood in a few hours by first riding to Sun-\\nbury on one of a number of little steam-\\nboats which ply upon the river here, and\\nthen returning by a trolley route which\\ncrosses Packer s Island and passes a pic-\\nnic grove known as Island Park. As we\\nputted along on the river the profile of\\nShikellimy was clearly outlined, though it\\nsoon faded with our progress. We saw the\\nseveral bridges that span the two rivers,\\nour attention being especially directed to\\nthe old one across the West Branch used\\nby canal teams.\\nBlue Hill looked particularly bold and\\nbeautiful. Upon its crest, nearly 400 feet\\nabove the river, there stood for a long time\\na curious leaning tower at an angle of\\n30 degrees over the precipice. It was built\\nfor amusement by an eccentric character,\\nJohnny Mason, an old bachelor, who\\nwas said to have retired here and lived a\\nhermit s life after a disappointment in\\nlove. His tower was a point of attrac-\\ntion for many years, both because of its\\nview and of its danger. Some mischievous\\nvisitors finally loosened it from its moor-\\ninns. In later years a summer hotel, the\\nShikellimy House, stood near its site, but\\nthat was burned four years ago.\\nA marvelous tale of Blue Hill is that of\\nthe escape of one Marcus Hulings, who\\nwas pursued by Indians, and finding no\\nother means to avoid capture ran to the\\nedge of the precipice, grabbed a large limb,\\nswung out into space, landed unhurt 90\\nfeet below on a ledge, leaped again by the\\nsame method, then jumped 40 feet and es-\\ncaped with a disloeated shoulder. What\\nwill they tell next V\\nOur steamboat passed near several flat-\\nboats from which men were scooping the\\nriver bottom. What are they doing? I\\nasked of the pilot. Digging coal, he\\nsaid, and then went on to explain that the\\npieces of coal which drifted down stream\\nfrom Wyoming were so numerous as to be\\nworth dredging. Lumps thus recovered\\nwere regularly used on his steamer, and\\n100", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "two dealers in Sunbury have a good trade\\nin them. Water dirt has removed most of\\nthe black luster from the outside.\\nWe were landed at the foot of Sunbury s\\nprincipal street, and in a minute were in\\nthe public square in front of the court-\\nhouse. The east end of the square is\\nadorned with a monument to the country s\\nCivil War dead, surmounted by a statue of\\nCol. James Cameron, who fell at Bull Run.\\nHe was a brother of Simon Cameron, who,\\nyears before he became famous, set type\\nin a Northumberland newspaper office.\\nThe several trolley lines of Sunbury cir-\\ncle the public square. The one which we\\ntook back northward to Northumberland\\nled us through the historic neighborhoods.\\nFirst we saw the old Maclay mansion, al-\\nready mentioned. Then our car passed the\\nold Hunter mansion, a solid yellow brick\\nedihce which stands upon the site of Fort\\nAugusta. This was one of the chain of de-\\nfenses erected at the outbreak of the\\nFrench and Indian War. It was occupied\\nfrom 1755 to 1765, and sheltered many fam-\\nilies. It was again garrisoned during the\\nRevolution, and was a haven when the\\nBig Runaway occurred\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a panic-stricken\\nflight which emptied the valleys of both\\nbranches of their settlers.\\nThe fort, which was named for the\\nmother of George III, was a military work\\nof considerable size, but not a trace re-\\nmains except the old magazine, built part-\\nly underground and hidden beneath a\\ngrassy mound, now used for cold storage\\nby the occupants of the house. A subter-\\nranean passage to the river is said to ex-\\nist, but it has never been found.\\nThe Indian village and the burial ground\\nwhere Shikellimy was placed are just\\nnorth of the fort site. A little farther\\non was Bloody Spring, where the garri-\\nson got water. The railroad tracks have\\ndestroyed it, but cannot make away with\\nthe stories of danger which once encom-\\npassed it. A soldier was killed there in\\n1756.\\nAn old cannon from Fort Augusta was\\nfor many years an object of rivalry be-\\ntween Sunbury and her neighbors. It was\\nrecovered from the river in 1798. Muncy\\n101", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "had it for awhile, and in Selin s Grove and\\nNew Berlin it lay hidden, but the strata-\\ngems of the Sunbury lads always brought\\nit back and defeated the frequent efforts\\nto abduct it. A party from Danville was\\nthe last to attempt it, and since then the\\nold gun has remained with the local fire\\ncompany.\\nThe 65 miles of the Susquehanna be-\\ntween Wilkesbarre and this place, though\\nnot wanting in beauty of scenery, has not\\nbeen rendered as interesting by historical\\nevents. The region mainly continued a\\nwilderness until after the Revolution, and\\nso escaped Indian disasters, although it\\nhad echoes of Wyoming s troubles. One of\\nthe last attacks of Indians along the Sus-\\nquehanna occurred on July 26, 1782, oppo-\\nsite Catawissa and 20 miles above North-\\numberland. Three brothers, named Furry,\\nwere away from home, and the redskins\\nkilled their parents and two sisters and\\ncarried away a younger brother. Many\\nyears later two of the brothers were in\\nMontreal on a visit and accidentally dis-\\ncovered their missing brother. He had be-\\ncome a prosperous Canadian trader.\\nOf the scenery of the day s trip there is\\nmuch to be said, especially of the first\\npart, where the hills were high and rugged\\nand the river narrow. The mountains be-\\nlow Nanticoke, which mark the termina-\\ntion of the Valley of Wyoming, bear the\\nsame relation to the Susquehanna as do the\\nHighlands below West Point to the Hud-\\nson. The river cuts through a narrow\\ngorge, which continues half a dozen miles\\nto Shickshinny. On the right is Shick-\\nshinny Mountain, and on the left Nanti-\\ncoke Mountain. The majesty of the hills\\nso hems in the river and its valley that it\\nseemed easily possible to throw a stone\\nfrom one side to the crag opposite. Into\\nthe narrow space was compressed not only\\nthe river, but a canal and two railroads.\\nThe Delaware, Lackawanna and Western\\nhugs the north, or right, bank all the way\\ndown to Northumberland, while the Penn-\\nsylvania Company s line from Wilkesbarre\\nto Sunbury is on the opposite side. One of\\nthe finest series of rapids in the river is\\nthat called Nanticoke Falls. And on the\\n102", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "rugged mountain sides are many pictur-\\nesque scenes. Little mountain si reams, full\\nof cascades and fine rocks, drop into the\\nriver at short intervals. Upon a knoll on\\nthe south side, where the hills barely\\nmake room. Luzerne county has built two\\nbig buildings for its poor and its insane.\\nThe narrow mountain pass ends in a\\nblaze of glory at Shickshinny, where five\\ndifferent spurs come to the river s edge and\\nmake their bow to each other. The village\\nof Shickshinny is located in the hollow\\nformed by two of these ranges, and\\nthrough it runs Shickshinny creek, which\\ntumbles down a gorge witli the echo of\\nseveral waterfalls behind it. By some\\nShickshinny is said to mean in Indian\\nphrase quick dashing water. By others\\nit is said to be where five mountains\\nmeet. Both are apt guesses.\\nAt Shickshinny the river makes a sharp\\nturn south, and so continues for six miles\\nto Wapwallopen. where it again swerves\\nwestward. The left bank for this six miles\\nis closely bounded by the Wapwallopen\\nhill, which terminates above the village of\\nWapwallopen in a vigorous and grand\\nrocky front, 900 feet high, known as Pul-\\npit Koek Kansal Kopf it was called\\nby some German pioneers. It is a fine out-\\nlook, for the mountains diminish below\\nWapwallopen, and the remainder of our\\njourney was through a rich agricultural\\nregion: with hills, it is true, but neither\\nhigh nor steep, and set back in a way to\\ninvite farmers to the intervales.\\nWapwallopen means where the messen-\\nger was murdered, and is said to have\\nbeen first applied after the killing of\\nThomas Hill, a messenger to Wyoming\\nfrom the Governor of Pennsylvania. It is\\nchiefly of interest as the site of big pow-\\nder mills, operated for the last 40 years by\\nthe Du Fonts, of Wilmington. The rolling\\nmills and hydraulic presses have a capac-\\nity of 1.000 kegs daily. They are scattered\\nalong the gorge of Wapwallopen creek,\\nvery much as the Du Pouts Delaware mills\\nare scattered along the Brandywine.\\nAll through the region the shoal waters\\noffer special inducements for eel catching.\\nWeirs or traps\u00e2\u0080\u0094 slight stone structures, an-\\n103", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "gular in shape\u00e2\u0080\u0094 draw the descending cur-\\nrent and its finny freight into an apex,\\nwhere the slippery gentry are easily se-\\ncured. Bass and pike also bring many\\nanglers to the river here.\\nBerwick, which is 27 miles below Wilkes-\\nbarre. on the north bank, is a busy place\\nof 3.000 people, kept active by the large\\nJackson Woodin Car Manufacturing\\nWorks and by smaller factories. The town\\nstands on a bluff and only a few of the\\nhouses can be seen from the railroad\\ntracks. It is a\\\\ place of attractive streets\\nand neat homes. Many of the workmen\\nlive at Nescopeck, a smaller town across\\nthe river, where Peter Frederick Rother-\\nmel, a distinguished painter of historical\\nscenes, was born in 1817. Nescopeck was\\nonce the residence of Old King Nuti-\\nmus, a Delaware Indian, who was\\nwealthy and had a lot of negro slaves.\\nBloomsburg, a town of 5,000 persons, 40\\nmiles from Wilkesbarre, in every way bears\\nthe impress of a prosperous place. Its\\nstreets are broad, well shaded and graded,\\nthoroughly sewered aud underlaid witn\\nsteam heating pipes, supplying private\\nhouses. It has a varied lot of factories and\\nis the county seat of Columbia, one of the\\nrichest agricultural counties of Pennsylva-\\nnia. The enterprise of its people 30 years\\nago secured the location of a State normal\\nschool here. It is situated on a hillside just\\neast of the town and has commodious build-\\nings and grounds.\\nBloomsburg lies about a mile back from\\nthe north bank of the river, beside Fishing\\ncreek. The valley of this creek is used\\nby a railroad, which reaches Lake Ganoga\\nand the lumber regions of Sullivan county.\\nIn the Civil War Bloomsburg suddenly\\nsprang into unenviable notoriety by a re-\\nport that up Fishing creek dissatisfied\\nNortherners and Confederates who had se-\\ncretly corne from Canada had erected a fort\\nand were planning a movement to capture\\nthis part of the Susquehanna Valley. In\\nreality there was nothing more than some\\ndisaffection over the draft law. But hun-\\ndreds of Federal soldiers were hurried here\\nby Major-Generals Couch and Cadwallader.\\nNo fort was ever found, but 45 men were\\n10+", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "arrested. It forms a picturesque incident,\\noccurring as it did in the heart of an old-\\nline Union State.\\nThe great ice glacier, which geologists say\\nat one time covered the upper half of this\\ncontinent, rested its lower edge across the\\nSusquehanna near Blobmsburg. There are\\nmany evidences of its great terminal mo-\\nraine heaps of sand, gravel and bowlders.\\nThere is a gravel bed 175 feet thick below\\nBloomsburg.\\nCatawissa, the only town of any size on\\nthe south bank between Wilkesbarre and\\nSunbury, is 4 miles below Bloomsburg and\\n21 above Sunbury. It is often said of a\\ntown that it nestles among the hills, but\\nCatawissa really does it. It is in a pocket.\\nAbove and below steep bluffs overhang the\\nriver, while behind the town is Catawissa\\nMountain.\\nThere was an Indian village at Catawissa\\n200 years ago, of which Lapackpitton, a Del-\\naware, was the chief. It became a Quaker\\nsettlement more than a century ago and\\nthe square log meeting-house then erected\\nis still standing. It is on a knoll a short\\ndistance from the confluence of Catawissa\\ncreek and the Susquehanna. Its weather-\\nbeaten appearance and the evident age of\\nits graveyard and surrounding trees invest\\nit with a charm which is heightened when\\nwe are told that it was the .first house of\\nworship between Wyoming and Sunbury.\\nCatawissa is the point at which the Phil-\\nadelphia and Reading road, from Tamaqua\\nto Williamsport, crosses the Susquehanna.\\nIt is related of this line that its route was\\nsurveyed as early as 1822 with no other in-\\nstrument than a crude level made of tin\\ntubes with vials of water, and that the\\ncourse thus laid out amid mountains was\\nconsidered a marvel by the engineers who\\nbuilt the road. The work was done by\\nChristian Brobst, of Catawissa, a man of\\nlimited schooling.\\nThere is a large paper mill at Catawissa,\\nwhich has been in operation since 1811. In\\nthis, in railroad shops, in a foundry, a\\nbroom and a shoe factory the 2,000 inhabit-\\nants of Catawissa find employment.\\nDanville, 12 miles above Sunbury, as thf\\nsite of the Montour Iron Works, once held\\n105", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "a front place among iron towns. Its blast\\nfurnaces were big ones, ami its rolling\\nmills annually turned out thousands and\\nthousands of tons. The ore was mined in\\nthe hills seven miies away and brought by\\na narrow-gauge road. Now the mines are\\nclosed and the furnaces in ruins, because\\nof the cheaper production of pig iron else-\\nwhere. The rolling mills still continue, and\\nother industries have been brought in to\\nkeep the population. Besides, as the seat\\nof Montour county, Danville has the trade\\nof a large farming community.\\nOn a hill near Danville Michael J. Grove,\\none of the iron kings, built a .$300,000\\nresidence, which is pointed out as one of\\nthe finest in Pennsylvania. The home of\\nanother dead ironmaster, Thomas Beaver,\\nhas been bought by the Sisters of Mercy\\nfor a home for aged and friendless women.\\nMr. Beaver, about 15 years ago, gave $100,-\\n000 for a fine free library. In many other\\nways he was Danville s benefactor.\\nA mile east of Danville is located an im-\\nmense State insane asylum, a building of\\nblue stone. 1,143 feet long. Danville was\\nselected for it in 1872. It has extensive\\ngrounds.\\nDanville was laid out in 1792 by Daniel\\nMontgomery, afterward a militia general\\nand member of Congress. He had lived\\nnear there since he was a boy of 10. It is\\nrelated of him that when he was 13 he saw\\na canoe floating down the river and swam\\nout to get it, but was surprised to find an\\nIndian lying flat in it, with bow and arrow\\nin his hand. Dan jumped back, of course,\\nbut finally ventured to approach again, and\\nfound that the Indian was dead. It was\\nsubsequently learned that the redskin had\\nbeen one of those in the massacre of Wy-\\noming. He had returned to the valley in\\nthe following year, was recognized and\\nkilled, while on his breast this pass was\\npinned: Let the bearer go to his master,\\nKing George, or the devil.\\n106", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "XIII.\\nDOWN THE WEST BRANCH.\\nSunbtjky, Northumberland County,\\nPa., Sept. 2.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 These last four days have\\nbeen ones of hurry and hustle. For since\\nI described the meeting of the main stream\\nwith the West Branch, I have been to the\\nheadwaters of the West Branch and have\\ncome the length of the stream.\\nWhile a hasty trip, enough was seen to\\nenable me to guess at the wonderful fu-\\nture of the West Branch. It is just be-\\nginning to wake up, and, like a boyish\\ngiant, the region has not yet learned the\\nmeasure of its owu strength. Parts of its\\ncourse are still practically in a wilderness,\\nand it is only within the decade that men\\nof wealth and energy really started to un-\\ncover the vast resources of soft coal around\\nClearfield. The forests are greatly thinned,\\nthough it will be many a day before the\\nlumbermen must desert the West Branch.\\nYet in their footsteps the miners are\\neager to tread and behind the man with\\nthe pick is the man with money and\\nbrains. Cities and populous towns seem\\nsure to spring up.\\nThe source of the West Branch is in\\nCambria county, in Southwestern Pennsyl-\\nvania. This is on the west slope of the Al-\\nleghanies, a high and broken tableland\\nbetween the Alleghanies and a long outer\\nridge known as the Laurel Hill. The\\nsouthern end of Cambria county became\\nprosperous and well-settled when the main\\nline of the Pennsylvania Railroad was run\\nthrough it (JO years ago. Johnstown is in\\nits farther corner, and Cresson Springs,\\nthe famous mountain resort, is near its\\neastern line. But the north end of Cam-\\nbria long remained either in forest or\\n107", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "scantily cleared for cattle or for crops of\\noats, rye and potatoes. In addition to the\\nWest Branch, two of its tributaries, Clear-\\nfield and Chest creeks, rise in the county,\\nand with their aid the forests have been\\nturned into lumber and sent to Eastern\\ncities.\\nIt was at Cresson that we changed cars\\non Monday for a ride of 11 miles on a\\nbranch road to Ebensburg, Cambria s\\ncounty town, which is situated on a high\\nridge and commands broad and striking\\nviews. One of its peculiarities is that the\\nsun sinks in the West below the level of\\nthe observer in its main street. The set-\\ntlement of Ebensburg by Welsh people in\\n1796\u00e2\u0080\u0094 immigrants who named both county\\nand town\u00e2\u0080\u0094 gave it a quaint flavor which\\nhas never been lost, as the characteristics\\nof its founders are by many preserved, and\\nthe Welsh tongue can be heard in homes\\nand in the churches. From its elevated\\nposition it enjoys a peculiarly cool and\\nhealthful atmosphere\u00e2\u0080\u0094 always pleasant in\\nsummer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and this brings many visitors\\nThe town contains a foundry, tanneries\\nseveral factories and excellent schools.\\nSide by side with these Welsh Presby-\\nterians Providence early planted a vigor-\\nous offshoot of Catholicism. Loretto\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\ntown founded in a wilderness by that re-\\nmarkable man, Father Gallitzin, who gave\\nup a Russian princely title and patrimony\\nto become an humble priest\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is six miles\\nnortheast of Ebensburg. The church at\\nLoretto was, in 1800, the only house of\\nGod between Harrisburg and St. Louis,\\nbut by incredible labor and hardship and\\nthe use of means given by his sister,\\nFather Gallitzin colonized much of Cam-\\nbria county, established schools, churches\\nand religious houses and created an in-\\nfluential centre for the religion he so\\nloved. Next month the people of the vicin-\\nity propose to do honor to his memory by\\ngathering at Loretto at the unveiling of a\\nfine statue of him.\\nMany of the settlers brought by Prince\\nGallitzin were from Maryland and a vil-\\nlage near the source of the Susquehanna\\nbears the name of Archbishop John Car-\\nroll, of Baltimore, the first Catholic prel-\\n108", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "ate of the United States and Father Gal-\\nlitzin s preceptor.\\nThe dividing ridge between the waters\\nthat flow to the Gulf of Mexico and those\\nthat reach the Atlantic by way of the\\nSusquehanna is very narrow in Cambria.\\nThe waters interlock in alternate dells.\\nOn the railroad four miles before I\\nreached Ebensburg I was shown a tiny\\nrivulet on one side of the track which\\nwent west and south to New Orleans,\\nwhile a similar stream on the other side\\nwas carried into the Susquehanna. So,\\ntoo, in driving from Ebensburg to Carroll-\\ntown I was shown a barn whose peaked\\nroof parted the rain waters and determined\\ntheir journey.\\nWhen we had crossed a hill about eight\\nmiles from Ebensburg my driver said:\\nThere is the Susquehanna. Honestly,\\nit seemed laughable to me. The stream\\nwas a tiny bit of a thing, half a dozen feet\\nwide, and I could not associate it with the\\nmighty river whose width in places is two\\nand three miles and whose volume is im-\\nmense. At Otsego there had been a lake\\nto give a goodly start, but the West\\nBranch has nothing but springs for a foun-\\ntain head and grows but slowly. In Cam-\\nbria county it is 2,000 feet above the sea\\nlevel and is truly a mountain stream.\\nFor its first dozen miles the West\\nBranch is followed by another Pennsyl-\\nvania branch railroad from Cresson and\\nby this means I reached Cherry Tree,\\nwhich lies at the meeting place of the\\nthree counties of Cambria, Clearfield and\\nIndiana, but whicb. after much talk, was\\nadjudged to the last named. Cherry Tree\\nhas had three names. Its postoffice is\\ncalled Grant, and in pioneer days it was\\nCanoe Place. As the farthest point up\\nstream accessible by canoe it was an im-\\nportant spot and an Indian village was\\nthere. Trails led west to Kittanning on the\\nAllegheny river and another trail went up\\nthe West Branch and across the moun-\\ntains, near what is now Horseshoe Curve.\\nIn all early State deeds Canoe Place, as\\nthe best known spot on the upper West\\nBranch, played an important part.\\nFor nearly 70 miles from Cherry Tree the\\nSusquehanna courses through Clearfield\\n109", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "county, which only 10 years ago was de-\\nscribed as a wide forest country, but\\nwhich has now had its awakening. It is\\nreally amazing to see how the deposits of\\nsoft coal have caused the construction of\\nmiles of new railroad and the projection of\\nmany more miles. The Clearfield coal basin\\nis at least an area of 5,000 square miles,\\nand its richness is such that at places there\\nare no less than 12 seams of coal of an av-\\nerage thickness of four feet. Into this area\\nseven railroads now enter, and almost daily\\nthere are items concerning the purchase of\\nbig tracts by capitalists or announcements\\nthat the railroads are ready to make exten-\\nsions, upon which engineers and surveyors\\nare hard at work.\\nThree of these railroads enter Clearfield,\\nthe county seat, which is almost in the\\ncentre of the county, and which seems des-\\ntined to be the metropolis of the upper\\nWest Branch. It is situated picturesquely\\namid high hills in a narrow valley, and is\\nan attractive town, with wide shaded\\nstreets, pleasant homes, good public build-\\niugs, schools and churches and a little park.\\nIn addition to its immense coal trade it has\\na machine shop, a foundry, lumber manu-\\nfactures and a plant for making firebrick\\nof a superior grade of clay from the neigh-\\nborhood. It is coincident with the site of\\nan Indian village known as Chinklaca-\\nmoose. and the clearings made by the red\\nmen are said to have given rise to the\\nnewer name. An Indian hermit at one time\\nlived near there, who is said to have fright-\\nened away many of his color by well-timed\\napparitions, and it is explained thatChink-\\nlacamoose means no one tarries here will-\\ningly. In the French and Indian war a\\nbrigade of French troops from Fort Du-\\nquesne gathered there for an expected de-\\nscent upon the lower Susquehanna towns.\\nClearfield town s three railroads are the\\nPennsylvania, the New York Central and\\nthe so-called Brice line, the Buffalo, Roches-\\nter and Pittsburg. The Pennsylvania\\nbranch comes from the south, from its\\nmain line at Tyrone, and was the first road\\ninto the back country. The Brice line is\\nfrom the northwest, while the New York\\nCentral is the owner of the Beech Creek\\n110", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "road from Williamsport. It runs up as far\\nas Lock Haven by the river, and then enters\\nthe mountains.\\nIn other parts of the Clearfield region\\nthere are lines almost too plentiful to\\nenumerate. The Pennsylvania has many\\nbranches tapping its main line at Cresson,\\nTyrone or Altoona. The Beech Creek and\\nBriee systems have spurs to old and new\\nmines. The West Branch Valley is also\\nintersected or traversed for short distances\\nby the Pittsburg and Eastern and the\\nPennsylvania and Northwestern roads,\\nwhile in still other parts of the county\\nare the Altoona and Phillipsburg and the\\nAllegheny Valley routes, all aiding to carry\\nout to the world the lumber and soft coal\\nof the Clearfield region.\\nMy trip along the West Branch through\\nClearfield county was certainly varied.\\nTart of the way I had to leg it, though\\nfor a few miles below Mahaffey and again\\nabove Clearfield trains were available for\\nshort distances. The \u00e2\u0080\u00a2tramps were en-\\njoyable for the insight which I got into a\\nnew country. So many creeks came into\\nthe river that it soon grew appreciably and\\nwas a rapid stream rushing through a val-\\nley of rich bottom land between hills of\\ngood size, though irregular in outline. The\\nvalley was rather broad until Clearfield was\\nreached. The mining towns and railroad\\njunctions were raw in their newness,\\nbut the older villages\u00e2\u0080\u0094 places that have\\ngrown out of lumber camps, like Curwens-\\nville, were staid and pleasant enough. Cur-\\nwensville is Clearfield s rival. It has a\\ncouple of thousand inhabitants, with tan-\\nneries, foundries and woolen mills and con-\\nsiderable trade with miners and farmers.\\nBelow Clearfield railroads stay near the\\nriver for a mile or two, but soon make off\\nto the southeast. For 30 miles thereafter\\nthe whistle of the locomotive is not heard\\nbeside the Susquehanna, though the Buf-\\nfalo, Rochester and Pittsburg system pro-\\nposes to parallel the river with a road\\nwhich will extend their line eastward to\\nWilliamsport.\\nThe region is yet practically a wilderness\\nas far as Karthaus. There is a big lumber\\ntrade, to be sure, but the population is\\n111", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "scant, save in the lively spring days, and\\nthe settlements are insignificant and scat-\\ntered. Doubtless beneath the surface great\\nwealth lies, or the railroad would not be\\nrun.\\nThe scenery began to assume a bolder\\naspect as we neared the Alleghanies. The\\nvalley narrowed and in places almost dis-\\nappeared in high, rugged hills, between\\nwhich the river was hemmed into a gorge.\\nThe stream was rather tortuous in its\\ncourse, alternately sweeping toward the\\nmiddle of the narrow valley, and then hug-\\nging the high forest-crowned hills.\\nFrenehville is a settlement about 20\\nmiles below Clearfield. It was made in\\n1832 by parties from Normandy and Pi-\\ncardy, through the exertions of M. Zavron,\\na wealthy Parisian who had become pos-\\nsessed of much land thereabouts through\\nthe failure of a Philadelphia banker.\\nThe railroad which we met at Karthaus\\ncannot be called much of a one. It runs\\none train for passengers three times a\\nweek, taking them down the river to .Keat-\\ning, where a transfer is made to the Phila-\\ndelphia and Erie Railroad, which had faith-\\nfully followed the West Branch up stream,\\nbut which there turns up Sinnemahoning\\ncreek, in order to cross the oil regions and\\nreach Lake Erie.\\nKarthaus was founded in 1814 by Peter\\nKarthaus. a German, who afterward be-\\ncame a merchant of Baltimore. He was\\nattracted by the iron ores of the vicinity\\nand erected a furnace, which, being in\\nthen unbroken wilds, finally succumbed.\\nCoal is now the source of the town s ac-\\ntivity.\\nFifty years ago the 65 miles of the West\\nBranch, from Keating to Williamsport,\\nwere as wild and scantily populated as the\\nregion just above Karthaus still continues.\\nThe building of the Philadelphia and Erie\\nRoad, now a part of the Pennsylvania sys-\\ntem, was the elixir of life for the valley.\\nBy it Williamsport was transformed from\\na straggling county town of slow 7 growth\\ninto a thriving and wealthy city. Not con-\\ntent with this, the railroad made Lock\\nHaven an energetic town. Jersey Shore\\nand other hamlets lively boroughs and\\n112", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "created Renovo in a farmer s lieltl by plac-\\ning railroad shops there. Today Williams-\\nport numbers at least 35,000 souls; Lock\\nHaven, 24 miles up, has 10,000, and Re-\\nnovo, 28 miles beyond Lock Haven, half\\nthat number.\\nAll these cities and towns are located in\\nthe midst of beautiful mountain scenery,\\nfor they are on the West Branch in the\\nregion where it is engaged in breaking\\nthrough the rugged Alleghauies. The moun-\\ntains are bold, high and abrupt, and being\\ndensely wooded to their summits with pine\\nand hemlock have a softness and somber-\\nness of outline that is attractive, though\\npossibly monotonous. Until the river has\\nfairly pierced the mountains, it is often\\ncribbed and confined, with scarcely an\\ninch of room. After this feat has been\\naccomplished it seems content to come\\nthrough a fertile valley to Williamsport,\\nfirst choosing the centre of the cultivated\\nland, then heading over to the base of a\\nsteep ridge.\\nRenovo is built in an oval-shaped valley,\\nabout a mile and a half in length, formed\\nby a division of the mountains. Lock\\nHaven is amid rugged hills, on the right\\nbank of the river, about two miles above\\nthe mouth of Bald Eagle creek, getting its\\nname from the circumstance of being be-\\ntween two locks on the old Pennsylvania\\ncanal. Williamsport is also surrounded by\\nhills. Bald Eagle Mountain shutting it in\\non the south and various broken ridges ic-\\ning equally zealous to the north.\\nLumbering still continues a source of\\ngreat wealth for the people of the West\\nBranch down as far as Williamsport.\\nWhile the immediate valley has been\\nthinned out, there are vast quantities of\\ntimber upon its many streams and\\nbranches, and in the spring logging and\\nrafting makes the sw r ollen river lively.\\nThere was a time when each forest had its\\nlittle sawmill, where the lumber was pre-\\npared before being rafted down to market.\\nThen Lock Haven and Williamsport got\\nthe lion s share by their great booms.\\nwhose dams permitted the unsawed logs\\nto float down stream singly. Now the en-\\ntrance of railroads is again giving the up-\\n113", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "per settlements a chance\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a last chance,\\nin fact, for lumbering is doomed on the\\nWest Branch just as it was half a century\\nago on the main stream.\\nOne melancholy sight along the West\\nBranch is the many dead standing pines.\\nTbe first settlers, when lumber was too\\ncheap to pay for sending it down stream,\\noften lopped off all limbs for home con-\\nsumption and let the tall tree stand deso-\\nlated, then die, then rot. It now robs the\\nforest of much picturesqueness\\nLock Haven is said to handle 35,000,000\\nfeet of lumber annually and Williamsport\\neight or nine times that amount. The\\nmasses of logs in the big booms at both\\nplaces arc a sight, indeed. At Williams-\\nport they often extend up several miles,\\nand are so thickly jammed that one could\\nwalk from shore to shore, though I did not\\ntry it.\\nLock Haven is a town which may be\\npraised for neatness and comfort. As the\\nseat of Clinton county it is the centre of a\\nfarming as well as lumbering community.\\nA State normal school is located there.\\nIn addition to its saw and planing mills,\\nthere are tanneries, machine shops and\\nplants for making paper, firebrick, sewer\\npipe and cigars. In Revolutionary days it\\nwas the site of a fort for defense, usually\\nknown as Reed s, because William Reed\\nand five sons formed the chief garrison.\\nGreat Island, two miles below Lock Ha\\nven, had its share of the events of pioneer\\ndays, as is shown by the chronicles of J. N.\\nMeginness, of Williamsport.\\nMr. Meginness, among many other things,\\nhas preserved some of the traditions of\\nYoung Woman s creek, which joins the\\nSusquehanna not far from Renovo. It is\\nsaid that the creek derived its name from\\nthe suicide of a beautiful Indian girl, who\\nthrew herself into the water when her\\nfather would not let her marry the brave\\nshe loved. Again, it is said to have been\\nthe grave of a captive white girl, who\\nfound it her only means of escape from\\nsavages, and the legend says the ghost of\\nthe girl made the creek a dreaded one to\\nthe Indians.\\nFarrandsville, five miles above Lock Ha-\\nven, is pointed out as an early example of\\n114", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "the misdirected use of capital. In 1830\\nWilliam P. Farrand interested some Bos-\\nton merchants in a company to exploit the\\ncoal found here and to use it in many\\nmanufactures on the spot. Seven hundred\\nthousand dollars is said to have been ex-\\npended before it was seen that the Ly-\\ncoming Coal Company would not be prof-\\nitable. Today lumber, firebrick and coal\\njust keep the village alive.\\nJersey Shore, at the mouth of Pine creek,\\n13 miles below Lock Haven, was to have\\nbeen called Waynesburg, but the first set-\\ntlers were two brothers from New Jersey,\\nand that fixed the name. On July 4, 1776-\\nthe day the Declaration of Independence\\nwas adopted in Philadelphia\u00e2\u0080\u0094 there was a\\ngathering of the Pine Creek settlers near\\nJersey Shore. They had heard that inde-\\npendence was being debated in the Conti-\\nnental Congress, and they, too, made their\\ndeclaration, though it was not until some\\nweeks later they learned of the coincidence\\nin dates.\\nThe title to that portion of the valley\\nfr \u00c2\u00bbm Jersey Shore to Williamsport was in\\ndispute for a number of years, and there\\nwas no organized local government. The\\nsquatters, however, antedated the vigi-\\nlance committees of California by having\\na committee of three men to decide all dis-\\nputes and punish all crimes. Their decisions\\nwere enforced by the neighbors en masse.\\nThese squatters became widely known\\nas fair-play men, and there is preserved\\nthe retort which one of them gave years\\nafterward to a chief justice of Pennsylva-\\nnia, who asked him about the system:\\nWe had fair play then, Your Honor; now\\nwe have only law.\\nWilliamsport was laid out in 1795 by\\nMichael Ross, and was made the seat of\\nLycoming county. It was placed where\\nonce had stood the village of French Mar-\\ngaret, a half-breed, who ruled her Indian\\nfollowers with prohibition ideas, no rum\\nbeing allowed within its bounds. The city\\nsite was also the scene of the massacre of\\nseven persons on June 10, 1778. Two chil-\\ndren taken captive then were subsequently\\nrestored to their father through a chain of\\nromantic circumstances.\\n115", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "Ross named Williamsport for a son. and\\nlaid it out with liberal notions that have\\never since prevailed\u00e2\u0080\u0094 generous space for\\npublic buildings, broad streets and a well-\\ndesigned plan. Today the city has many\\ncharms. Lumber gave it wealth, and that\\nwealth has been and is being used to de-\\nvelop many other industries. The stores\\nand office buildings are mainly of a kind\\nthat larger cities might envy, and Fourth\\nstreet, leading from the business section\\nto the Philadelphia and Erie Depot, is\\nlined with residences that are both costly\\nand tasteful in their surroundings. The\\ncorners are taken up by church edifices\\nthat should cause shame to metropolitan\\ncongregations, designed with merit and\\nhandsomely built of stone. The Federal\\nBuilding, in the elbow of Fourth street, is\\nespecially fine to look upon. The hills north\\nof the city are dotted with the villas of\\nwealthy men. and the suburbs in that di-\\nrection, some of them surrounding a new\\npark, are being rapidly developed oy\\nmeans of si reel railways.\\nWilliamsport was made a city in 18GG.\\nIts streets are not cobbled, but paved with\\nwood, brick or asphalt. Its water supply\\nconies from mountain springs, piped be-\\nneath the river. It has gas, electric and\\nsteam-heating plants. There are three\\nparks in all and two popular race-courses.\\nThe churches are set off by various public\\ncharities. In addition to the graded pub-\\nlic schools there is Dickinson Seminary,\\na well-known co-educational institution\\nfounded in 1847.\\nThe railroads make Williamsport impor-\\ntant. Along the Susquehanna Valley from\\nthe West conie two systems, the New York\\nCentral and the Philadelphia and Erie,\\nboth on the north bank. The Vanderhiit\\nlines are the old Beech reek route from\\nClearfield and the former Fall Brook Bail-\\nroad from Geneva, X. Y.. and Corning. N.\\nY. These lines terminate here, but the\\nPhiladelphia and Erie goes on down the\\nriver, being paralleled by Philadelphia\\nand Reading tracks, giving a railroad to\\nboth sides of the river to Sunbury. The\\nNorthern Central road from Lake Ontario\\nand Elmira joins the Erie tracks to con-\\n116", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "tinue southward toward Baltimore. The\\nWilliainsport and North Branch Railroad\\nruns northeast to Eaglesmere and other\\nsummer resorts of the Pennsylvania moun-\\ntains.\\nThe West Branch Valley in the 40 miles\\nfrom Williamsport to Sunbury was settled\\nprior to the Revolution and consequently\\nis more abundant in historical tales than\\nthe upper portion. It is a remarkably fer-\\ntile and highly productive country and\\npresents a delightful appearance in the\\nsummer months. The first settlers included\\nmany Germans and the big red barns and\\nneat homes arc of frequent occurrence. A\\nseries of growing towns are there\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mon-\\ntoursville, Muncy. Montgomery, Watson-\\ntown, Milton and Lewisburg.\\nOf these Milton is decidedly the busiest\\nand largest. In 1SS2 the place was de-\\ntroyed by fire. It was not only soon rebuilt,\\nbut since that time has quadrupled its size,\\nso as to now count 8,000 within its bounds.\\nIts people arc nearly all mill-hands and\\nfoundry-workers, for there are railway car\\nworks,* rolling mills, axle forge, bolt and\\nnut works, nail factory, washer works, a\\nlarge steam tannery, agricultural imple-\\nment works, machine shops, planing mills,\\nsawmills, iron foundries and a fly-net fac-\\ntory. For the children of these busy la-\\nborers the school advantages are excellent.\\nThere are 22 graded schools, topped off\\nwith a high school and a library. The\\ntown is, in fact, progressive in every cred-\\nitable way.\\nMontoursville was once the home of\\nMadame Montour, a strange figure in In-\\ndian history. She was the reputed daugh-\\nter of the Marquis de Frontenae, a fa-\\nmous French Governor of Canada. Her\\ntwo husbands were Iroquois chieftains-\\nRoland Montour, a Seneca, and Caranda-\\nwana, an Oneida. As a personage of im-\\nportance among the Indians she was treated\\nwith much ceremony by the colony of Penn-\\nsylvania and frequently visited Philadel-\\nphia as its guest. Her son, Andrew Mon-\\ntour, was a noted Indian scout and inter-\\npreter for the colony. The notorious Queen\\nEsther, who massacred 14 men at Wyo-\\n117", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "ining, is said to have been a daughter.\\nAnother daughter was Queen Catherine,\\nwhose home was in Central New York.\\nThe family name, evidently one of French\\nderivation, is preserved hereabouts, in Mon-\\ntoursville, Montour s Ridge and Montour\\ncounty.\\nNear Hall s, a station a few miles east\\nof Montoursville, and in the midst of old\\nelms, is a residence built in 1769 by Sam-\\nuel Wallis, a member of a noted Maryland\\nfamily, born in Harford county. Wallis,\\nwho was a Quaker, and who died in 1798,\\nwas one of the most extensive landed pro-\\nprietors of this country and is said to have\\nowned a million acres at one time, though\\nafterward much involved. His estace here\\nextended for five miles along the river, it\\nwas later owned by Charles Hall and is\\nknown now as the Hall Farms.\\nNear Muncy the Susquehanna makes a\\nsplendid southward bend. It had been\\nflowing eastward for many miles near the\\nbase of Bald EagJe mountain, but now V\\nsweeps around the base of the mountain in\\na majestic curve. The scenery of the\\nneighborhood is to be commended. Muncy\\nValley is broad, undulating, picturesque\\nand fertile. The White Deer and Nittany\\nMountains are on the west side.\\nMuncj r perpetuates the name of the Mou-\\nsey tribe, a branch of the Lenni-Lenape,\\nor Delaware Indians. They dwelt there\\nfor many years. Near the mouth of Muncy\\ncreek are the remains of a semicircular\\nearthwork fortification of ancient pedigree,\\npossibly older than the Monseys, perhaps\\na creation of the Moundbuilders. At Muncy\\nin Revolutionary days Capt. John Brady\\nhad a fort and he and his sons displayed\\nin the vicinity some of that fighting which\\nmade the name famous in American mili-\\ntary annals. Gen. Hugh Brady, hero of\\nthe battles of Chippewa and Niagara Falls,\\nwas his son. Another son was Capt. Sam-\\nuel Brady, an Indian fighter renowned in\\nSouthwestern Pennsylvania. A monument\\nto Captain Brady was erected a few years\\nago by the people of Muncy.\\nNot far away from Watsontown. on War-\\nrior s run, was Freeland s Fort, which, in\\n118", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "the surumer of 1778. was captured by a\\nparty of British and Indians. Many of the\\nsettlers were killed ami the rest carried oft\\nto Canada.\\nLewishurg, which was founded by Lewis\\nDerr, a German trader, and was early\\nknown as Derr s Town, is the seat of Union\\ncounty, and besides various factories, has\\na thriving trade with Buffalo and Bonn s\\nVaheys, but is chiefly of interest as the site\\nof Bucknell University, formerly the Uni-\\nversity of Lewisburg, but changed 15\\nyears ago because of the gifts of William\\nBucknell. the Philadelphia philanthropist.\\nThe institution was founded in 1846 by\\nBaptists, but is now managed on non-sec-\\ntarian principles. Its buildings are in\\nshaded grounds in the south end of Lewis-\\nburg. They include a college for young\\nmen and young women, an academy for\\nboys, an institute for girls, music and art\\nschools, a museum, laboratories, a library\\nof 12,000 volumes and an observatory with\\na fine Clarke telescope. The students num-\\nber about 3U0, and come from many places.\\nThe endowment is about $350,000, and the\\nbuildings and apparatus are worth as much\\nmore.\\nBishop John H. Vincent, of the Methodist\\nChurch, the founder of the Chautauqua\\nmovement, was born across the river from\\nLewisburg and attended school there.\\nAs I have been writing this letter to you\\nmy regret at not being able to linger\\nlonger upon the West Branch has grown\\ngreatly. There is so much I might have\\nseen, but didn t, and so much more I could\\nhave said, but haven t.\\n119", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "XIV.\\nTHE PASSING OF THE BOATS.\\nSUNBUliY, NOKTHUMBEBLAND COUNTY,Pa.\\nSept. 3.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Today in glancing over some yel-\\nlow time-stained copies of a Sunbury pa-\\nper. I was surprised to find this paragraph:\\nPORT OF SUNBURY.\\nSept. 1, 1840.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cleared\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Canal boat Folly, to Balti-\\nmore, with lumber. Entered\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Canal boats Gay and\\nMary Ann. from Berwick, coal.\\nIt was a paragraph to cause melancholy\\nreflections. Sunbury s dream of becoming\\nan inland port long ago faded. The sys-\\ntem of canals along the Susquehanna was\\nextensive and had a busy commerce. To-\\nday the crack of the mule driver s whip\\non the towpath is scarcely heard, and it\\nhas been many years since the canals paid\\nexpenses as traffic highways. Many miles\\nhave been abandoned and in the parts still\\noperated the business is as sluggish as the\\nwater. The steel rail is master of the field\\nof transportation.\\nThe river has been even more deserted.\\nThe lumber rafts, keelboats and arks\\nare no more and the only freight or pas-\\nsenger boats left are the little steamers\\nthat ply for a few miles above or below\\nan occasional progressive town. The Sus-\\nquehanna is indeed unnavigable. Its loss\\nof traffic is to be regretted, for the old or-\\nder of things had a picturesque side.\\nIt seems absurd now to read the state-\\nments of the author of a little book pub-\\nlished at Philadelphia in 1796. The de-\\nsign of these pages, he said by way of\\npreface, is to show the importance of\\nthe great national canal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the River Sus-\\nquehanna; the eligible situation, for the\\npurposes of trade and manufactures, of\\nsome places n its banks and at its mouth;\\n120", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "its great connection with the other main\\nwaters of the United States, and the exten-\\nsive and fertile surface of country from\\nwhich it must drain the rich productions of\\nagriculture and manufactures. Havre de\\nGrace, at the mouth of the river, was to\\nbe a great port for foreign and inland com-\\nmerce. The whole trade of this river must\\ncentre at this spot as an entrepot, or place\\nof exportation. Whatever may be the exer-\\ntions of E*ennsylvania or the moneyed cap-\\nital, Philadelphia, the trade of this river\\nmust ever pursue its natural channel. So!\\nIn the year following this little publica-\\ntion a Philadelphia company gave a great\\nimpetus to the navigation of the Susque-\\nhanna by opening a canal one mile long\\naround the west side of the Conewago\\nFalls at York Haven. These rapids had\\nbeen a great bar to the development of\\ncommerce. In 1771 the Commonwealth\\nhad declared the Susquehanna a public\\nhighway and had made an appropriation to\\nclear away gravel bars, take out stumps\\nand trees, open a channel and construct\\ntowing-paths beside the rapids. But the\\nConewago Falls still continued perilous for\\nboatmen. The little canal changed all this.\\nWithin a day or two after it had been\\nformally opened by Gov. Thomas Mifflin\\na German named John Kreider, carrying\\nflour from the Juniata, passed through and\\ngot a handsome sum for his cargo at Bal-\\ntimore. His success soon became known\\nthe length of the Susquehanna, and for\\nnearly half a century Baltimore enjoyed\\nan immense trade of this sort.\\nThese river boats had various types. The\\ncanoe of the Indian was replaced by the\\ndugout of the trader, an imitation of\\nthe Indian craft. About the time of the\\nRevolution there was introduced the type\\nknown as keelboats, or as Durham\\nboats, the latter from a town on the Del-\\naware where the first one was built in\\n1750. They were 60 or 70 feet long, 8 feet\\nbroud and 2 feet deep, making a carrying\\ncapacity of from 20 to 30 tons. The stem\\nand bow were sharp and had small decks\\non them. A boardwalk or run extended\\nthe full length of each side and was used\\nin poling the boat against the current.\\n121", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "Masts with two sails were utilized when a\\nfavorable wind blew. A steersman and\\ntwo polers on each side constituted the\\ncrew. The journey down to market was\\neasy, except for the danger of shooting\\nthe rapids,* but on the return trip poling\\nwas arduous and the progress was not\\nmuch more than a mile an hour.\\nFifty years ago, in the spring of 1849, no\\nless than 2,500 rafts, containing more than\\n100,000,000 feet of lumber, floated past\\nSunbury from the main stream in 26 days,\\nand many hundreds more from the West\\nBranch. Today the forests of the main\\nstream have been practically cleared, and\\nthose left on the West Branch are mostly\\nfloated in single logs to the booms at Lock\\nHaven and Williamsport. The jolly life\\nof these lumbermen, their adventures on\\nthe water, their dangers in the rapids\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a\\nlife which Willis has pleasingly described\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nhas passed forever from the Susquehanna.\\nIt had begun on the river about 1795.\\nSteamboats began to be tried on the\\nSusquehanna when Baltimoreans learned\\nthat Philadelphians were taking steps to\\ndivert the trade of the river valley, for\\nwhich there was much rivalry between\\nthe two cities. In 1825 some who were\\ninterested in the development of York\\nHaven built at York a steamboat named\\nthe Codorus. It was mainly of sheet\\niron, 60 feet long, with a 10-horsepower en-\\ngine capable of sending it against the cur-\\nrent four miles an hour. With 50 passen-\\ngers aboard she drew but 8 Inches of water\\nand so had every chance of success. Her\\nbuilder. John Elgar, a York Quaker, after\\ntesting her thoroughly between York\\nHaven and Harrisburg, started up the\\nriver in the spring of 1826. He was wel-\\ncomed with many demonstrations at vari-\\nous towns, got as far as tfinghamton and\\nreturned in safety to York Haven, but re\\nported to his employers that navigation\\nwould not pay, as it was practicable for\\nonly a few months in eacn year because of\\ntlie shallowness of the Susquehanna.\\nAnother attempt in the same year result-\\ned in a terrible disaster, which put an end\\nto such experiments for a number of years.\\nThe steamer Susquehanna, built at Bai-\\n122", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "timore, was 82 feet long and drew 22\\ninches of water, causing her more diffi-\\nculty than the Codorus. She went past\\nSunbury and up as far as Berwick, but her\\nboilers exploded as she was endeavoring to\\nmount Nescopeck Rapids on May 3, 1826,\\nand her passengers and crew were hurled\\nhigh in the air, to the horror of a crowd\\nof spectators. Many were killed and many\\nothers scalded or otherwise injured.\\nIn 1834 citizens of Owego built another\\nSusquehanna, a strong, well-made craft,\\nwhich covered the 100 miles down stream\\nto Wilkesbarre in eight hours. Nathaniel\\nP. Willis, the author, was on board and\\nhas recorded an entertaining account of\\nthe trip. On her second trip the steamer\\nhad an accident at Nanticoke and was\\nabandoned.\\nThe largest steamer on the river was\\nthe Wyoming, launched in 1849 at Tunk-\\nbannock. She was 12S feet long and 22\\nfeet beam. For three years she carried\\ncoal from Wilkesbarre up to Athens and\\nother places whenever there was sufficient\\nwater, which was not often enough to\\nmake the boat pay. In 1851 an attempt\\nwas made by residents of Bainbridge, N.\\nY. A boat named The Enterprise, 100\\nfeet long, with engines of 40-horsepower,\\npaid her owners $3,000 in a three-months\\nseason of high water carrying coal from\\nWilkesbarre to Athens. But when the\\nriver found its usual low-water mark, the\\nEnterprise was high and dry on the\\nsbore. Her machinery rusted, the sun s\\nrays opened her seams and, like the Wy-\\noming, she soon became unfit for service.\\nI cannot here retail the history of the\\nSusquehanna s canals. Fifty million dol-\\nlars or more were spent upon them by the\\nSlate of Pennsylvania or by corporations,\\nand at one time there were nearly 400\\nmiles of waterways along the Susquehanna\\nand another 400 miles upon its tributaries.\\nIk the era of internal improvement the\\nriver was to be the great key to Pennsyl-\\nvania s development and to form part of\\na ureat inland water route by which the\\nproducts of the growing West were to\\nreach Philadelphia or Baltimore.\\n123", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "The canal at Conewago Falls was the\\nfirst. The second was the Old Maryland\\nCanal, which was begun in 1796 and com-\\npleted in 1805. It extended from the Mary-\\nland line down the east bank to Port De-\\nposit. It was too narrow to be a money-\\nmaker, and soon passed out of existence.\\nThe third Susquehanna Canal, and the\\none which really gave the great impetus\\nto the building of the chain of those in\\nPennsylvania, was the so-called Union\\nCanal, from Middletown, on the Susque-\\nhanna, up Swatara creek, down Tulpe-\\nhocken creek to Reading, on the Schuyl-\\nkill, a distance of 82 miles. It was begun\\nin 1819.\\nAlong the Susquehanna there were canals\\nfrom Athens to the Chesapeake, nearly\\n300 miles. Of these the State in 1826-30\\nbuilt the various sections from Wilkes-\\nbarre to Columbia. The continuation to\\nthe Chesapeake was made by a Maryland\\ncompany, who had many difficulties and\\nwere obliged to expend $4,000,000 to con-\\nstruct 45 miles. The portion north from\\nPittston to Athens, though originally\\nplanned by the State, was, after many\\nyears, carried out by a company of wealthy\\ncoal-mine owners, who believed they fore-\\nsaw a fine opportunity to send coal to\\nthe West and to New York city up the\\nSusquehanna and thence across New York\\nState to the Erie Canal. Their canal was\\nnut done until 1858, and by that time the\\nrailroads were evidently destined to con-\\nquer all, so this part was not long used.\\nThe route was up the Susquehanna to\\nAthens, then up the Chemung to Elmira\\nand through Seneca lake.\\non the West Branch of the Susquehanna\\nthere was a canal from Northumberland to\\nFarrandsville. with extensions to Sinne-\\nmahoning creek and up Bald Eagle creek\\nto Belief onte. On other branches and trib-\\nutaries there were canals as follows: The\\nChenango river, 97 miles from Birming-\\nham, constructed by the State of New\\nYork in 1833 to tap the Erie Canal at\\nUtica; the Chemung and Swatara routes,\\nalready mentioned; Conestoga creek, up to\\nLancaster from the river; Codorus creek,\\nup to York; Wisconisco creek, into the Ly-\\nkens Valley coal region; and, most impor-\\n124", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "taut of all, the Juniata division of 127\\nmiles from Duncan s Island up to Holli-\\ndaysburg, where it connected with the old\\nPortage Railroad across the Alleghany\\nMountains. It was by this route Charles\\nDickens went West on the trip described\\nin his American Notes.\\nIn 1858 Pennsylvania sold its canals, at\\na loss of many millions, to various railroad\\ncompanies. Today the Pennsylvania Rail-\\nroad operates all in use along the Susque-\\nhanna. They include from Nanticoke to\\nColumbia, 145 miles; on the West Branch,\\nfrom Northumberland to Montoursville, 35\\nmiles, and on the Juniata, from Duncan s\\nIsland to Newtown Hamilton, 05 miles.\\nFrom last year s report I learn that 208,-\\n93 tons of freight were handled in all,\\nchiefly lumber and coal. The expenses of\\noperating were .$12,040 more than the re-\\nceipts. In addition the default on taxes\\nand interest was $150,000 more.\\nOf fanciful ideas concerning the part the\\nriver was destined to play in navigation,\\nnone was more odd than that which con-\\nstructed a shipbuilding plant at Wilkes-\\nbarre. There have been boatbuilding yards\\nof considerable size at Beach Haven, at\\nLewisburg and .other places on the river,\\nbut the idea at Wilkesbarre was to build\\nseagoing vessels. In 1803 a sloop of 12\\ntons was successfully launched and safely\\npiloted to the Chesapeake. This exploit\\nof the John Franklin caused a company\\nwhich in 1812 built a schooner of 50 or 60\\ntons drawing four feet of water. This\\nwas launched amid much enthusiasm in\\nWyoming Valley and was named The Lu-\\nzerne of Wilkesbarre. It passed down\\nstream to the Conewago Falls, but those\\nmenacing rapids dashed the Luzerne to\\npieces on their jagged rocks. With it\\nmany hopes were also dashed to pieces.\\nThere is just one thought I wish to ad-\\nvance for serious consideration. Would\\nnot the .$50,000,000 spent on canals have\\nsufficed to make the Susquehanna navi-\\ngable through dredging and blasting? It\\nwas a plan which had many advocates be-\\nfore the canals were adopted. If it had\\nbeen chosen, Wilkesbarre and Sunbury and\\nmany other river towns might have gone\\ndown to tlie sea in ships.\\n125", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "XV.\\nA NOBLE WATER GAP.\\nHarrisburg, Dauphin County, Pa., Sept.\\n4.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The gap in the Blue Mountains through\\nwhich the Susquehanna forced its way to\\nthe sea ages ago is in plain view from Har-\\nrisburg, and presents a fine appearance.\\nBut to see properly the beauty of the big\\nriver s passage through the mountains it is\\nnecessary to come with the river from\\nabove.\\nThe Indians rightfully named those blue\\nridges yonder Kittatiuny, or the endless\\nhills. They line up across Pennsylvania\\nand into New Jersey, and the gap which is\\nmade by the Susquehanna here is repeated\\nby the Lehigh and by the Delaware.\\nGood fortune has enabled me to see\\nthese three water gaps within a few weeks.\\nThe Delaware one is, indeed, picturesque\\nand grand, but there is more majesty in\\nthe gap of the Susquehanna. The Dela-\\nware river is, perhaps, 100 yards broad,\\nand makes a placid lake-like curve between\\nthe towering heights of Mount Minsi and\\nMount Tammany. The Susquehanna is\\nnearly a mile broad, and sweeps onward\\nwith resistless flow, as if to say I will\\ntear away the whole mountain if you dare\\ntry and stop me ere I reach the sea.\\nOn each side, as seen from here, the\\nridge seems to bend, then bow low, then\\ndisappear beneath the horizon for the on-\\ncoming of the Susquehanna. The gap is\\noften likened to the Rhine at Andernach.\\nIn the heart of this Susquehanna Water\\nGap the Pennsylvania Railroad s main line\\nto the west crosses the river from the base\\nof one wood-covered mountain to another,\\nand the view from its long bridge is one\\nwell remembered. The river is shallow,\\n126", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "and tumbles noisily and foamingly over\\nmasses of low, jagged rocks. Other moun-\\ntains jut out and shut in the view up the\\nriver. Below, the spires and taller build-\\nings of Harrisburg are seen.\\nHad you come with us from Sunbury\\nabove, you would have seen the Susque-\\nhanna pierce not one but several mountain\\nridges, the Northern Central train running\\nclose to the river around the foot of steep\\nmountains for a dozen miles. There are at\\nleast four ridges, and those nearest Har-\\nrisburg arc respectively known as First\\nMountain, Second Mountain and Third\\nMountain, while Peter s Mountain is the\\nlong ridge first seen from the north as we\\napproached the continence of the Juniata,\\nand which is followed for a mile or so by\\nthe river before it bends and breaks\\nthrough. The ride through the gap is a\\ndelightful one to any lover of bold scenery.\\nYou have hardly gotten a good survey ot\\nsome frowning ridge before the train has\\nswept around a curve and you see another\\nand more towering height beyond. On your\\nright is the broad, grand river, and beyond,\\non the west bank\u00e2\u0080\u0094 from Duncannon to\\nMarysville\u00e2\u0080\u0094 are freight and express trains\\nof the Pennsylvania s main line, engaged,\\nas you are, in hurrying through the moun-\\ntains toward Harrisburg.\\nAt one point in the mountain pass, on the\\nwest side, the ridge of one high hill curves\\nto meet another ridge and incloses a val-\\nley in a horseshoe shape. There is no way\\nout save by the Susquehanna, and the val-\\nley is a veritable little world by itself.\\nSheltered as it is from the fury of wind\\nand storm, it was early compared by Ger-\\nman visitors to the safe harbors of the\\nsea, and by them was named The Cove.\\nThe 60 miles of the river between Sun-\\nbury and Harrisburg afford many pleasing\\npictures. The river is broad for the whole\\nlength, and in every view there is that\\ngrateful sensation of distance and space,\\nthe same feeling which gives rise to the\\npleasure of wide-reaching panoramas com-\\nmanded from mountain tops. The upper\\nwaters are picturesque, yet confined. Here\\nit is a mile to the opposite bank, and the\\n127", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "shallow waters usually possess serenity\\nand majesty, though there are more rapids\\nthan in any other part of the river and\\nmore islands than one can count.\\nNear Georgetown we saw a herd of cat-\\ntle far out in the river, which was so shal-\\nlow that half their bodies were exposed.\\nThey seemed like little groups (if islands,\\nand it was only when some of them moved\\nthat we realized what they were. There is\\na well-known picture of cows seeking re-\\nlief from a summer s heat in a broad\\nstream, and I at oner bethought myself\\nof it. At Liverpool, a few miles below, the\\nlow water revealed wide stretches of river\\ngrass. The river there was especially\\npleasing. The waters possessed a lake form\\nthat was well set off by varied island\\ngroups, far off interlacing hills and nearer\\nheadlands.\\nThe Northern Central Railroad stays\\nclose by the river s cast bank from Sun-\\nbury. The mountains forming the water\\ngap are not the only ones along the river\\nfor this distance, and there are many high,\\nrocky cuts and curves in the sides of\\nMahantongo and Berry s Mountains. Often\\nthe train dashes past some narrow ravine,\\nin which a little cascade conies down,\\nfoamy white. Then huue walls of rock\\ntower hi.^h, or else have fissures at then-\\nbases in such fashion as to make caverns\\nof some depth.\\nThe mountains back of the river on the\\neast side are rich with hard coal, and the\\ntowns on the railroad\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Herndon, George-\\ntown and Millersburg\u00e2\u0080\u0094 are, like Sunbury,\\nthe outlets for valuable districts, with\\nwhich they are connected by short lines of\\nrailroad. Millersburg is the shipping point\\nfor Lykens Valley coal, one of the finest\\ngrades put on the market. Herndon. which\\nis growing fast. has. since the building of\\nthe Northern Central, wrested the coal\\ntrade from Tort Trevorton, opposite. When\\nthe latter spot was laid out, in 1853, the\\ncanal on the west side of the river afforded\\nthe only outlet for the coal of Trevorton,\\nwhich is in the hills, a dozen miles back\\nof Herndon. Accordingly, ;l railroad was\\nbuilt to the river, and across to the canal\\n128", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "by a long bridge. The piers of that bridge\\nstill stand desolate in the river, a monu-\\nment to the downfall of the canal, for at\\nHerndon the loaded coal ears are simply\\nshifted from one track to another to be\\nsent to any part of this country.\\nSelin s Grove, which is on the west bank\\nsix miles below Sunbury\u00e2\u0080\u0094 with which it is\\nconnected by a Pennsylvania Railroad\\nbranch, continuing on to the Juniata at\\nLewiston was the scene of one of the\\nearlipst wholesale massacres in the Susque-\\nhanna s history. On October 15, 1735. In-\\ndians descended upon this infant settle-\\nment on Penn s creek, killed 13 persons\\nand carried away 12 young women and\\nchildren. One wounded settler brought the\\nnews to Harrisburg, and John Harris, Jr.,\\nled a party in pursuit. This party was am-\\nbushed near the scene of the first slaughter\\nand were forced to flee across the Susque-\\nhanna. Seven were killed, five others\\ndrowned and five Indians slain. It is said\\nof Harris that his life was saved by a cor-\\npulent doctor jumping upon the back of\\nhis horse as he was making him wade the\\nriver. A bullet from an Indian rifle went\\nthrough the doctor s heart.\\nThe scene of the fight was shortly after\\nmarked by a wedge driven into a sapling,\\nand though the fight was nearly a century\\nand a half ago, the split was pointed out\\nuntil very recently, the sapling having\\nspread to a girth of 12 feet.\\nOne of the most realistic narratives ever\\ntold by captives is contained in the story\\npublished by Barbara Leininger and Marie\\nLeRoy, two of those taken in the massacre\\nat Penn s creek. They were driven into\\nthe deep forests of Western Pennsylvania,\\nexposed to all kinds of weather, forced to\\neat acorns and roots, to cut down trees,\\nto build huts, tan leather and do all kinds\\nof drudgery. They witnessed the most in-\\nhuman treatment of other prisoners, who\\nwere roasted alive, had melted lead poured\\ndown their throats and their bodies mu-\\ntilated by cutting off one member after an-\\nother. At the expiration of three years the\\ngirls escaped and, with almost incredible\\nfatigue and hardships, reached friends\\nagain.\\n129", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "Selin s Grove owes its name to Anthony\\nSelin, a Swiss, who was a captain in\\nWashington s army. A brother-in-law of\\nSelin was Governor Simon Snyder, one of\\nthe most sturdy characters ever the execu-\\ntive of a Commonwealth. Born in Lan-\\ncaster in 1759, of poor parents, he was a\\ntanner s apprentice in York, then a store-\\nkeeper and scrivener at Selin s Grove,\\nwhere he prospered, went into politics and\\nrose to be Governor in 1808. He was twice\\nre-elected and filled a big niche in popular\\nestimation. He strongly advocated free\\npublic schools and a canal from the Chesa-\\npeake to the Great Lakes by way of the\\nSusquehanna.\\nIn 1885 the State of Pennsylvania erected\\na monument over the grave where Gov-\\nernor Snyder was buried in 1819, in the*\\nold Lutheran graveyard in Selin s Grove.\\nSimon Cameron and Governors Pattison,\\nCurtin and Hartranft made addresses at\\nthe unveiling, which was a big event for\\nthe people of Central Pennsylvania, who\\nhonor Simon Snyder s memory in many\\nways. The shaft is of Quincy granite, sur-\\nmounted by a bronze bust and bearing\\nmedallions representing him as tanner.\\nstates man and farmer.\\nThe large substantial-looking home\\nwhich Governor Snyder built for himself\\nin Selin s Grove in the last year of his in-\\ncumbency is still standing, though dam-\\naged by a fire which swept the town in\\n1874.\\nSelin s Grove is known as the seat of the\\nMissionary Institute of the Evangelical\\nLutheran Church, which prepares young\\nmen for ministerial work in foreign lands.\\nIt was founded by Maryland Synod in 1856\\nand was first intended for Baltimore, but\\nthe people of Selin s Grove secured it by\\ngenerous donations of money and land.\\nRev. Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, an eminent\\nLutheran divine, was its first president.\\nIn the river in front of Selin s Grove is\\nan island called the Island of Que. It\\nwas once owned by Conrad Weiser, the\\nIndian interpreter, who is said to have\\ngotten it from its Indian possessor by\\nswapping dreams. The Indian first\\n130", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "dreamed that Weiser gave him\u00e2\u0080\u0094 but what s\\nthe use of repeating the tradition I told\\nyou about Johnson s Dreamland, near\\nOtego? Turn back and read it over and\\nyou will have the legend of the Island of\\nQue.\\nMiddle Creek, a few miles below Selin s\\nGrove, was, in January, 1768, the scene of\\na wanton slaughter of Indians. Frederick\\nStump, a settler there, killed four red men\\nand two squaws, cut a hole in the river ice\\nand dropped the bodies in. Then on the\\nfollowing day he killed an Indian woman,\\ntwo girls and a child farther up Middle\\ncreek and burned their bodies. Stump\\nwas arrested and put in jail at Carlisle,\\nbut was rescued by a mob of sympathizers,\\nwho believed the colonial policy of pro-\\ntecting the Indians a gross mistake. This\\nwas five years after the Paxton boys\\naffair in Lancaster county.\\nMcKee s Half Falls, shortly below\\nGeorgetown, but on the west side of the\\nriver, derives its name from being the\\nfarther half of rapids which are separated\\nby an island. The half nearest the east\\nbank has never borne a name. There art-\\ntwo ledges of rocks. Over the first the\\nriver descends three and one-half feet,\\nover the second three feet. Thomas Mc-\\nKee was an Indian trader, who settled on\\nthe west side as early as 1750. He was a\\npluckier fellow than one Peter Shaffer,\\nwho stayed but a short time near the\\nHalf Falls, because he couldn t stand the\\nnoise of the rapids, nor of his neighbor s\\ncowbells, nor the smell of the shad caught\\nin the river.\\nOn the west side, opposite Halifax, which\\nis 21 miles above Harrisburg, there is a\\nspot called Girty s Notch, where Simon\\nGirty. the notorious frontier renegade, is\\nsaid to have spent several days in a hill\\ncave next to the river, watching a gather-\\ning of Revolutionary soldiers at Halifax,\\nwhere was located one of a chain of Sus-\\nquehanna defense forts. Another was Fort\\nHunter, near where Rockville now stands,\\nsix miles above Harrisburg. There are no\\nremains of the two forts.\\nGirty was born at Fort Hunter, and as a\\nboy lived there and in Sherman s Valley,\\n131", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "in the mountains west of the Susquehanna.\\nHis father was a worthless drunken char-\\nacter. A biographer of Simon Girty has\\ntraced him and his brothers with much\\ncare, and has shattered the Girty s\\nNotch tradition by proving that Girty\\ndid not return to the Susquehanna upon\\nany such marauding expedition.\\nAt the river s junction 20 miles above\\nHarrisburg with the Juniata, the Blue\\nJuniata, a stream of romantic flavor and\\nfine scenery, the canal shifts across from\\nthe west to the east bank of the Susque-\\nhanna by means of a dam and a wooden\\ntowing bridge. The canal branch which\\ngoes up the Juniata is carried across that\\nstream by an aqueduct which in its day\\nwas considered an engineering achieve-\\nment, and which aroused the lively curi-\\nosity of Charles Dickens.\\nDuncan s Island, which lies at the con-\\nfluence of the two rivers, is one of the\\nlargest islands of the Susquehanna. It is\\ntwo miles long and its fertile soil has\\ngiven it a considerable population, while\\nits location amid river and mountain scen-\\nery makes it attractive to visitors. Its\\nsituation was doubtless the reason why it\\nwas a favorite spot for Indians. The\\nNanticokes dwelt there for some time, and\\nthe Shawnees and Susquehannocks before\\nthem, and there are stories of* a battle in\\nwhich the Delawares were badly defeated\\nby Cayugas. A thousand Delawares are\\nsaid to have been slain. The Cayugas had\\nmuskets and the Delawares fought with\\nbows and arrows. There was once a\\nburial mound here, and when the canal\\nwas being dug hundreds of skeletons were\\nfound. Indian weapons and utensils are\\noften dug up to this day.\\nIn 1744 Rev. David Brainerd, a mission-\\nary, visited the Indians then living on\\nDuncan s Island, and has left a sad picture\\nof their destitution, shiftlessness and de-\\nbauchery. The tribe were having a deer\\nsacrifice. which Mr. Brainerd describes\\nin his journal as a wild, drunken orgy.\\nWilliam Baskins, who settled on Dun-\\ncan s Island a few years later, was in\\n1755 scalped, and his wife, a son and a\\ndaughter taken prisoner. The wife es-\\n132", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "caped, but the son was carried to New\\nYork and afterward became noted along\\nthe border as Timothy Murphy, scout and\\nIndian terror. I have already mentioned\\nhim on the Upper Susquehanna. He was\\nan unerring shot and is said to have killed\\nGen. Fraser in the battle of Bemis Heights.\\nThe same Baskins family are among the\\nancestors of Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-\\nPresident of the Confederacy. James Bas-\\nkins ran a ferry to the east side of the\\nSusquehanna from what is now Duncan-\\nnon, a little iron town at the mouth of the\\nJuniata. His daughter fell in love with\\nAlexander Stephens, a British soldier who\\nserved under General Braddock. Her\\nfather was opposed to her marrying the\\nredcoat and disinherited her when she did\\nso. Stephens and his wife moved to Geor-\\ngia. Some of their descendants returned\\nto the neighborhood of the Juniata.\\nAnother prominent character of the vi-\\ncinity was Gen. Frederick Watts, one of\\nPennsylvania s brigadiers in the Revolu-\\ntion, and the ancestor of several men who\\ngained distinction in this State.\\nIn common with the dwellers farther up\\nthe river, the people of this portion of the\\nSusquehanna share in the benefits as well\\nas the perils of the spring floods, which\\nswell the waters sometimes to an extra\\nelevation of 20 feet or more. It is at these\\nseasons that the logs and rafts which the\\nintervals accumulated used to be floated\\noff to market, but the lifting of the waters\\nno longer presents such stirring sights,\\nthough the dangers still recur. In Colonial\\ndays there was a belief that a disastrous\\nflood occurred on the Susquehanna each\\n14 years, but this has been amply dis-\\nproven by time. In 1874 a terrible flood\\nbrought disaster to many a settlement al-\\nready bent under the burden of war. In\\n1786 occurred the pumpkin flood, be-\\ncause millions of them were brought down\\nfrom the flooded farmlands of thrifty New\\nYorkers. The Susquehanna s chronicle of\\nlosses by floods is a long one.\\n133", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "XVI.\\nIN BUSY HARRISBURG.\\nHarrisbukg, Pa., Sept. 5.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This city is\\none of those busy places whose importance\\none can quickly see by the miles upon miles\\nof railroad tracks adjacent to the particu-\\nlar track upon which one s train enters the\\ncity.\\nThe trains clatter past hundreds and hun-\\ndreds of freight cars bearing the names of\\nrailroads all over the country. Sidings run\\ninto factories and foundries every block or\\nso. Engines of the Pennsylvania road and\\nits branch, the Northern Central, of the\\nReading road and of the Cumberland Val-\\nley road puff and blow past one, and al-\\ntogether the sight is interesting because of\\nthe idea it gives of the city s prosperity.\\nThis idea is uot removed by getting away\\nfrom the railroad and into the heart of the\\ncity. The manufactories are numerous, the\\nstores fine looking, the hotels abundant,\\nthe financial institutions housed in befit-\\nting buildings and the streets bustling with\\npeople. For a year past the presence of\\nthe soldiers at Camp Meade, below r.he\\ncity, has added to the liveliness. Hundreds\\nof young fellows in brown canvas uniforms\\nwere on the principal thoroughfares during\\nour stay.\\nAll of which betokens the fact that Penn-\\nsylvania s capital city is not a place which\\nsleeps during the intervals of legislative\\nmeetings, but outranks all other cities of\\nits class in the State in the business done,\\nand is even pushing close to Pittsburg and\\nPhiladelphia. In this it is undoubtedly\\ngreatly aided by its nearness to the coal re-\\ngions and by the facilities for shipment of-\\nfered by its railroads.\\n134", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "We found many places of interest in a\\nstroll through the city, some because of\\ntheir historical associations, some because\\nof their present attractiveness. To begiu\\nwith, our hostelry, the Commonwealth, is\\non the site of the hotel at which President\\nWashington was made much of on his re-\\nturn from the whisky insurrection in West-\\nern Pennsylvania in 1794. At. the same\\nhotel Abraham Lincoln was a guest in Feb-\\nruary, 1861, when told that there was a re-\\nported plot in Baltimore to kill him on his\\nway through to Washington, information\\nwhich led to his famous midnight ride\\nthrough the Monumental City. The present\\nhotel was erected about nine years ago,\\nand is the headquarters for many of Penn-\\nsylvania s political leaders.\\nFrom our hotel we strolled one block east\\non Market street past the County Court\\nbuilding, whose spire has been painted so\\nwhite as to be almost blinding in the noon\\nsun; past some of those banking institu-\\ntions of which I have been speaking, then\\none block north to the State Capitol, ad-\\nmiring as we reached there the large Fed-\\neral building of gray stone on the corner\\nopposite.\\nFrankly my hrst impression of Capitol\\nPark was this: What a pity such a beau-\\ntiful spot should be marred by having a\\nbig ugly brick barn in the centre! For the\\nnew eapitol structure in its present form\\nis, without mincing matters, a disgrace to\\nthe people of a big State. And it will re-\\nmain a disgrace until Pennsylvania s legis-\\nlators shuffle off some of their niggardli-\\nness and their political posing.\\nTo understand things, let me remind you\\nthat in February, 1898, fire destroyed the\\nold State Capitol, which had stood since\\n1819 on the eminence given for it by the\\ncity s founder in the centre of this Capitol\\nPark. It was, in its way, a fairly adequate\\nstructure, but to replace it some of the\\nmore progressive of Penusylvanians fa-\\nvored an edifice in which the best of pres-\\nent-day American architecture should be\\nexemplified. The architect selected was\\nHenry Ives Cobb, whose plans for the\\nFisheries Building at the Chicago World s\\n135", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "Fair had been much admired. Mr Cobb\\ndesigned a eapitol building which will if\\neyer completed, form, as it should, the chief\\nbeauty of Harrisburg\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a large shell of brick\\nwith an outside of marble and a fine dome\\nBut the Legislature of 1898 appropriated\\nonly $550,000 and the Legislature of L899\\ndeclined to add anything, and the result is\\nthat only a big. ugly red-brick barn con-\\nfronted us after we had walked through\\nthe attractive grounds. No marble relieves\\nthe plainness and ugliness, and a cheap\\ntemporary roof overs the centre part,\\nwhere the dome was to have been. The\\nstructure is so large that it is conspicuous\\nfor some miles around Harrisburg and the\\nmischief is thus made worse.\\nThe excuse which was given for limiting\\nthe cost to such a small figure was that\\nlarger sums would lead to extravagance\\nand State scandals like that which attend-\\ned the building of the New York Capitol at\\nAlbany, where one part was falling to\\npieces before another was completed It is\\nalso asserted by the advocates of economy\\nthat it was improper to have gone ahead\\nwith plans for such an ambitious building\\nwhen it was known that the appropriation\\nwould not warrant it.\\nThe Legislature met in its State barn\\nwhen last in session, but the paintings, the\\ncollection of Civil War flags and the other\\nhistorical relics which used to interest vis-\\nitors to the old Capitol building are stored\\nin the State Library building, which is a\\nstructure of much beauty and~tastefulness,\\nbuilt five years ago to house a library which\\nis indeed a fine one. and erected at a cost,\\nexceeding that prescribed for the Capitol\\nSome of the other State departments are\\nplaced m two small edifices of twin design,\\nwhich stand on each side of the new Capi-\\ntol, just as they did beside the old one.\\n1 have spoken of the attractiveness of\\nCapitol park, and it is deserved. Many\\nbeautiful trees of rare kinds, flower bed s\\nand hothouses, well-kept lawns and pleas-\\ning paths make it a favorite resting place.\\nSeveral churches and homes of fine design\\nare on the streets surrounding the park,\\nwhich occupies the space of several ordi-\\nnary city blocks.\\n136", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "Harrisburg is, in good measure, a monu-\\nmental city. The first shaft which we no-\\nticed was in Capitol Park, south of the\\nState buildings. It is a tall Corinthian col-\\numn of Maryland marble, surmounted by a\\nstatueof Victory of fine Italian marble. It\\nwas erected in 1868 to the memory of Penn-\\nsylvania s soldiers in the Mexican War.and\\nthe names of the battles of that war are\\ncontained on the granite base, while in\\nfront lie cannon captured at the battle of\\nCerro Gordo and several highly ornament-\\ned brass guns presented to the Continental\\nCongress by Lafayette.\\nImmediately in front of the Capitol and\\nfacing down State street, a fine broad ave-\\nnue which leads west to the river, is a\\nhandsome equestrian statue of General\\nHartranft, which was unveiled last Deco-\\nration Day. It stands on a fine base of pol-\\nished granite and is altogether a creditable\\ntribute to a man who commanded Pennsyl-\\nvania troops in the Civil War and who was\\nafterward a Governor of the State.\\nOur walk down State street to the river,\\ntwo blocks away, led past three other monu-\\nments, of which the most prominent was\\nan obelisk 110 feet high, patterned after\\nthe pair of obelisks which were at the gates\\nof the Egyptian city of Memphis, and to\\nmy way of thinking as graceful as the\\nBunker Hill monument of the same type.\\nIts inscription tells the reason for its erec-\\ntion, as follows:\\nTo the soldiers of Dauphin county who gave their\\nlives for the life of the Union in the war for the\\nsuppression of the Rebellion, 1861-65. Erected by\\ntheir lellow-citizens, 1869.\\nThe other two monuments are both in\\nthe yard of St. Patrick s Catholic Pro-\\nCathedral, a low edifice of some age, though\\npretty within. One of the monuments is\\na Mexican cross of white marble to the\\nmemory of Columbus, one of the many\\nerected to the famous Genoese during the\\nfour hundredth anniversary of his discov-\\nery of America. The other is a square\\nmonument of polished black marble, sur-\\nmounted by a religious statue and marking\\nthe grave of Right Rev. J. F. Shanahan,\\nthe first Bishop of Harrisburg.\\n137", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "On the same block with St. Patrick s Pro-\\nCathedral is the handsome edifice of Grace\\nMethodist Episcopal Church, erected about\\n20 years ago at a cost of more than $145,-\\n000. It was the place where the State\\nLegislature met after the Capitol fire.\\nAnother Harrisburg church possessing\\nhistoric interest is that of the Zion Luth-\\neran Congregation, on Fourth street, near\\nMarket, with a tall spire. At a national\\npolitical convention there in 1840 William\\nHenry Harrison was nominated for the\\nPresidency.\\nOne block away on Fourth street is the\\nBethel Church of God. the first pastor of\\nwhich was Rev. John Winebrenner, the\\nfounder of the denomination which is of-\\nten called by his name. Mr. Winebrenner,\\nwho was a native of Maryland, was origi-\\nnally a German Reformed pastor, and came\\nto Harrisburg as such in 1S20. But the\\ndoctrines which he advocated in a series of\\nrevivals caused such comment among the\\nGerman Reformed brethren that he with-\\ndrew, and in 1830, at a conference of his\\nfollowers in Harrisburg, founded the new\\nchurch.\\nThe river front of Harrisburg is noted for\\nits picturesqueness and its tine residences.\\nThe bank of the river was long ago parked\\nand the walk through it now leads be-\\nneath rows of tall, tine shade trees. Next\\nto these rows of trees is Front street, and\\non the opposite side of Front street for live\\nor six blocks are the homes of Harrisburg s\\nmost prosperous residents. Right on the\\ncorner of State street, as we came from the\\nCapitol, was the tasteful residence of for-\\nmer United States Senator Don Cameron,\\nwhose tine farm and summer place was af-\\nterward pointed out to us, a short distance\\nbelow the city. A block and a half south of\\nState street, on Front street, is i he Gov-\\nernor s residence, a large three-story brick\\n(1 welling of plain design presented to the\\nState by citizens of Harrisburg in 1864.\\nA few of the dwellings along Front street\\nare both handsome and new, but the ma-\\njority appealed to us because they are of\\nolder pattern, substantial, solid and often\\nquaint.\\n138", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "The series of bridges across the west bank\\nadded much to the pleasure of the river\\nwalk. The Susquehanna is here a mile\\nbroad, with one large and several small\\nislands dividing its course in front of the\\ncity. Four bridges now span it, while the\\nstone piers for a fifth are standing, though\\nthey may never be used. They were put\\nup by the Vauderbilts when they had the\\nscheme of a great railroad to the West and\\nSouth through Pennsylvania.\\nThe quaint old covered bridge is one of a\\ntype which has mostly passed away, but\\nwhich still has some examples along the\\nSusquehanna and its tributaries. This one\\nhere is the largest and the most famous.\\nThey were all built after the design of\\nTheodore Burr, a New England civil en-\\ngineer, who received much approval in this\\nState. This one was begun in 1812 and\\nfinished in 1816. The part from Harris-\\nburg to the island in midstream was car-\\nried away by a flood in 1816 and again by\\nfire in 1866, but the other half is part of\\nthe original. Its wood has become so dark\\nand its proportions so uneven in its 80\\nyears of existence that it now looks like a\\nhuge snake laid on stone piers.\\nCharles Dickens on the way from Balti-\\nmore to the West in 1842 drove through the\\nold bridge, and this is what he wrote about\\nit in his American Notes:\\nWe crossed the river by a wooden bridge, roofed\\naad covered in on all sides, and nearly a mile in\\nlength. It was profoundly dark, perplexed with great\\nbeams crossing and recrossing it at every possible\\nangle, and through the broad chinks and crevices in\\nthe floor the rapid river gleamed far down below\\nlike a legion of eyes. We had no lamps, and as the\\nhorses stumbled and floundered through this place\\ntoward the distant speck of light it seemed inter-\\nminable. I really could not persuade myself as we\\nrumbled heavily on, filling the bridge with the hol-\\nlow noises\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and held clown my head to save it from\\nthe rafters above\u00e2\u0080\u0094 but that I was in a painful\\ndream.\\nOur walk along the river terminated at\\nthe most interesting historical spot in Har-\\nrisburg, the grave of John Harris, pioneer\\nof the neighborhood and father of the John\\nHarris who started a ferry and founded the\\ntown, and who secured its adoption as the\\n139", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "State capital in 1812. The elder Harris\\nwas one of the first settlers of the Lower\\nSusquehanna, and at this point from 1719\\nuntil his death, in 1749. he carried on a big\\ntrade with the Indians.\\nThe spot where he lies buried was select-\\ned by him because of a tragic incident of\\nhis life which has been oft repeated and\\nwhich forms the subject of a historical\\npainting owned by the State. When he\\ncame here he made friends with the people\\nof an Indian village near by called Pax-\\ntang or Paxton. One day some drunken\\nIndians from a distance seized the sturdy\\nold trader and had begun preparations to\\nburn him alive beneath an old mulberry\\ntree near his home, when he was rescued\\nby a few friendly Indian neighbors, who\\nhad been told of his seizure by a faithful\\ncolored slave named Hercules.\\nToday the grave, which is marked by a\\nmarble tombstone, is inclosed in an iron\\nrailing and stands in the centre of this\\nriver promenade. The old mulberry tree\\nlong ago withered, but the stump remained\\nuntil carried away about 10 years ago by\\na severe storm. A young mulberry tree has\\nbeen planted in its place by a descendant\\nof old Harris.\\nHarris, it is said, told his family on his\\ndeathbed that if they did not bury him\\nwhere he wished he would get up and\\ncome back.\\nBack of the Harris grave, on Front street,\\nis the historical mansion of his son, John\\nHarris, Jr., built in 1766 of limestone, mas-\\nsive and substantial. It remained in the\\npossession of the Harris family until 1840,\\nand after having been a school for some\\nyears was bought in 1863 by one of Penn-\\nsylvania s most noted men, Simon Cam-\\neron. Senator Cameron added to the old\\nmansion in the rear and beautified its sur-\\nroundings, and there he dwelt until his\\ndeath, in 1889.\\nJohn Harris, Jr., is not buried within the\\nlimits of Harrisburg, but in the graveyard\\nof Old Paxton Church, which is three miles\\neast of the city, an easy and interesting\\ntrip. The Presbyterian pioneers had a\\nhouse of worship here as early as 1725, and\\nthe present plain but substantial limestone\\n140", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "church was put up about 1740. Here a\\npious Presbyterian pastor, John Elder,\\npreached with his rifle by his side in the\\nFrench and Indian war, when massacres\\nwere daily anticipated and when the man\\nof God was also colonel of the provincial\\nforces of the neighborhood. On the edge\\nof a handsome grove of old oaks are the\\ngraves of half a dozen generations, among\\nthem not only John Harris, but his son-in-\\nlaw. Gen. William Maclay, one of Pennsyl-\\nvania s first Senators, and of Generals\\nSimpson and Crouch, Revolutionary heroes\\nof local note.\\nSome men of Dauphin who are not buried\\nhere came to mind as we searched among\\nthe old tombstones\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lindley Murray, the\\nfounder of English grammar, whose father,\\na Quaker, had a gristmill a few miles\\nsoutheast of Paxton Church, on Swatara\\ncreek; Rev. William Graham, who founded\\nWashington and Lee University at Lexing-\\nton, Va.. and Alexander McNair, whose\\nmemory is revered in St. Louis as the first\\nGovernor of the State of Missouri, and who\\nsaid himself that he became a prominent\\nman in the West because a younger brother\\ngave him a good trouncing when his wid-\\nowed mother left them to decide by a set-\\nto which one was to have the old farm in\\nthis county.\\nFrom the hills east of Harrisburg on our\\nway to Paxton it was possible to get a view\\nof the picturesque surroundings of Harris-\\nburg. such as used to be obtained from the\\ndome of the old Capitol. To the northwest\\nare the Kittatinny Mountains, a narrow\\ngap in their blue ridge showing where the\\nSusquehanna breaks through to flow past\\nHarrisburg and on down to Maryland. The\\nriver valley is broad and opening out of it\\nhere are two of the fairest valleys in\\nAmerica\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lebanon, to the northeast, to-\\nward Reading, and Cumberland, to the\\nsouthwest, along the Kittatinnies,to Mary-\\nland and into Virginia. The city, with its\\nspires, its factory chimneys aud its smoke-\\nstacks, pleased us, too, until our eyes fell\\nupon that great hulk, the unfinished Cap-\\nitol. From there we had to turn away.\\n141", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "XVII.\\nSOME MODEL FARMS.\\nColumbia, Lancaster County, Pa.,\\nSept. Nine miles below Harrisburg, on\\nthe east bank of the Susquehanna, the\\nPennsylvania Railroad passes near a series\\nof fertile fields, which within the past year\\nor so have become widely known as the\\nsite of Camp Meade.\\nThey are on a level bluff some distance\\nback from the river and north of the town\\nof Middletown. Last summer an entire\\narmy corps was encamped there and this\\nyears four of the new regiments intended\\nfor Philippine service have been organ-\\nized and drilled there.\\nBut before Camp Meade was dreamed\\nof, before the Spanish war developed,\\nthese fields had as much interest for in-\\ntelligent farmers all over the country as\\nthey now possess to those who read about\\nthe doings of the soldiers. For they form\\npart of the model farms of the late James\\nYoung, long the pride of Pennsylvanians\\nand the envy of every farming community.\\nMany notable visitors from abroad inter-\\nested in agriculture have gone away from\\nMiddletown enchanted. One, the Duke\\nof Sutherland, wrote of his visit in terms\\ncalculated to cause the farmers of Eng-\\nland to imitate some of Colonel Young s\\nscientific methods.\\nEven to the ordinary visitor these farms\\ncannot help but be a delight to the eye.\\nEverywhere system, neatness and order\\nprevail. The fences are trim and the\\nmany farm buildings are all as clean as\\npins and evidently built and kept in fine\\nfashion. This is especially true of the\\nbarns, which are not the Swisser or Penn-\\nsylvania German type, nor yet the pro-\\n14-2", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "verbial red barn, but aro largo, airy, finely\\nbuilt and markedly neat looking because\\nof tbe frequent application of ligbt paint.\\nFancy passing a field of tall corn a mile\\nlong, or 75 acres of growing grain, or a\\nhundred acres of grass and clover. Yet\\nthis is what we did today. The series of\\nfarms stretch for two and a half miles\\nalong the railroad tracks, most of them\\nabove Middletown, but two below that\\ntown. They were not bought all at once\\nby Col. Young, but were gradually acquired\\nduring the last half century, and each of\\nthe 11 farms had its appropriate name\\nand its separate attention. In all there\\nwere 1,500 acres. Forty men were regularly\\nemployed and double that number in har-\\nvest time. The pastures contain cattle of.\\nhigh dfgree and in the barnyards are pigs\\nand chickens of blue-ribbon kinds. When\\nthe Young exhibits were lined up at county\\nfairs the other farmers generally felt dis-\\ncouraged.\\nThe founder of these farms, Col. James\\nYoung, was born in Middletown in 1820\\nand was the son of a hotelkeeper. With\\nan inborn fondness for farming, he was\\nenabled to gratify his tastes in this mag-\\nnificent way when wealth came to him\\nthrough dealing in lumber and coal,\\nthrough railroad building and through in-\\nvestments in a variety of corporations.\\nPennsylvania honored his knowledge of\\nfarming by keeping him for a long time on\\nher State Board of Agriculture. Colonel\\nYoung died in 1895, and the farms were\\npartitioned among his five children. Nearly\\nall have lately been disposed of.\\nWhile I have spoken so enthusiastically\\nabout the Young farms, it must not be\\nimagined that they are the only places\\nworth noticing in the ride between Har-\\nrishurg and Columbia, a distance of 27\\nmiles. Several towns are on the east\\nbank\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Steelton, Highspire, Middletown,\\nBainbridge and Marietta\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all containing\\nmanufactories of various sorts and all\\nowing their business largely to their situ-\\nation along the Pennsylvania Railroad and\\nthe canal. On the west bank the North-\\nern Central Railroad runs for 14 miles be-\\nfore it leaves the river at Y r ork Haven\\n143", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "and strikes off through York to Baltimore.\\nIt, too, has built up several villages there-\\nNew Cumberland, Goldsborough and York\\nHaven but they are not to be compared\\nto the bustling towns of the east bank.\\nThe river through this region is broad\\nand dotted with islands, upon which crops\\nare growing. High hills stand in irregu-\\nlar fashion on the west bank, sometimes\\nnear the river, sometimes set back. On\\nthe east bank there are scarcely any hills\\nuntil a mile or so above Columbia, when\\nChiques rock is reached. The country on\\nthis side is a rolling one, not especially\\npicturesque, but teeming with life.\\nIu the daytime the chimneys of Steel-\\nton excite wonderment by their multi-\\nplicity, but in the night they charm by\\ntheir brilliancy. There are no less than\\nhalf a hundred of these tall black fellows,\\nand lurid tongues of flame often leap from\\ntheir tops, affording a fine pyrotechnic dis-\\nplay. The railroad train passed for a mile\\nor more through the great steel plant,\\nwhich today gives employment to about\\n7,000 men. The town has so developed\\nthat it almost seems a part of Harrisburg,\\nthough in reality three miles below the\\ncity. Twelve thousand people dwell here\\nnow, but in 1896, when the works of the\\nPennsylvania Steel Company were located\\nhere, there were only six houses. The\\ncompany has always shown a warm inter-\\nest in the progress of its workmen, and\\namong other things has given a fine school-\\nhouse to the town. The works are at pres-\\nent running from Monday morning to Sat-\\nurday night, day and night, for there are\\norders far ahead for Bessemer steel rails,\\nsteel ingots and structural steel patterns.\\nHalf way between Steelton and Middle-\\ntown is Highspire, about whose odd name\\nnobody seems to know anything. There\\nis no steeple here of any size. On a bluff\\nis Tinian. an interesting colonial home,\\nprobably the oldest in this vicinity. It\\nwas erected about 1760 by Col. James\\nBurd. who was an Indian fighter of great\\nbravery and who entertained here many\\nnoted men. The old iron knocker is still\\non the front door, and the interior of the\\nstone edifice has never been remodeled.\\n144", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "Middletown is 30 years older than Har-\\nrisburg, which long ago outstripped it.\\nIts name, we are told, came from the cir-\\ncumstance that it was half way between\\nLancaster and Carlisle. More than a cen-\\ntury ago when farm produce began to be\\nrafted down the Susquehanna, Middletown\\nwas the place at which it was transferred\\nto wagons for an overland trip to Philadel-\\nphia. The building of the canal to Reading\\nby using Swatara creek, which here flows\\ninto the Susquehanna, still further helped\\nthe place, but, of course, the canal is dead\\nnow. Still Middletown is a pleasant town\\nof more than 5,000 inhabitants, with fur-\\nnaces, a foundry and half a dozen mills\\nworking up lumber in various ways. Its\\npopulation has more than doubled in 30\\nyears; so that it is by no means to be\\nconsidered as a dying town.\\nOne of the schools of Middletown is the\\nEmaus Institute, where orphans of Lu-\\ntheran parentage are educated. It was\\nfounded through the, liberality of a towns-\\nman, Gottlieb Frey, who was originally a\\npoor boy, but amassed wealth before his\\ndeath in 1806. It is said of Frey, who was a\\nGerman, that his name was not originally\\nFrey, but that on one occasion, when ped-\\ndling goods up the river near Fort Hunter,\\nhe was caught by some mischievous sol-\\ndiers, who declared that they intended to\\ntake his pack, as he seemed to be a run-\\naway servant; to which the captured lad,\\nwho could then speak little English, pro-\\ntested in German, I am free, or Ich bin\\nfrei, and was ever afterward known along\\nthe Susquehanna as Peddler Frey.\\nSt. Peter s Lutheran Church, in Middle-\\ntown, is more than a century old. Col.\\nYoung is among those buried there.\\nHill Island, which is one of a group in\\na bend of the river below Middletown,\\nwas the scene of a curious gathering in\\n1843. Rev. William Miller, founder of\\nthe Second Adventists, preached through\\nthis section that the world was to come\\nto an end on a certain day of that year and\\nmany curious followers gathered on a sum-\\nmit on Hill Island to welcome the event.\\nThey prayed and waited all night, we are\\ntold, but when another day dawned and\\n145", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "the world went on they left the island in\\ndisgust.\\nHalf a century ago an eccentric charac-\\nter lived on the summit of the Conewago\\nHills, on the west side of the river above\\nHill Island. He claimed to be versed in\\nmedicine, law and surveying, and on his\\nmountain home, where he lived alone, he\\nhad shingles proclaiming that he prac-\\nticed these three professions. It is not to be\\npresumed that persons who needed a doctor\\nor lawyer toiled to the top of the steep hill\\nto consult this one. The hermit wore. Avin-\\nter and summer, in all sorts of weather, a\\nhigh-crowned white silk hat and a light\\ncolored suit, and carried over his head a\\nwhite umbrella. Long before his death he\\nmade his own coffin and carved a lime-\\nstone pyramid for his grave.\\nThe Conewago Rapids, which are in the\\nriver at the mouth of Conewago creek, for\\na long time formed the principal obstacle\\nto the navigation of the river by boats and\\nrafts until the canal I have mentioned was\\nopened around its west end in 1707.\\nThe village of York Haven, which was\\nsoon started at the lower end of the canal,\\nwas for a generation one of the most im-\\nportant business centres in lower Pennsyl-\\nvania. Baltimore capitalists developed here\\na series of big flour mills, a nail factory,\\ncooper shops, workmen s homos and a sum-\\nmer resort hotel, which was distinguished\\nin 1824 by having as a guest General La-\\nfayette, who was on his way from Balti-\\nmore ro Harrisburg.\\nThe wildest dreams were indulged in\\nabout York Haven, and it was frequently\\nasserted that it was destined to be one of\\nthe great cities of the country. The\\nboom fever seized the owners and in\\n1814 a town was regularly laid out and lots\\nadvertised for sale. Most of the streets\\nbore the names of the Baltimore investors,\\nincluding such well-known citizens as\\nThomas Hillen, Jacob Stansbury. William\\nWilson, Joseph Townsend, John Weather-\\nburn, William Cole and William Gwynn.\\nBut alas! the largest mill was burned in\\n182G, and then the construction of the canal\\nacross the river and the later invasion of\\nrailroads into the valley contrived to knock\\n146", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "the bottom out of York Haven. The prop-\\nerty ultimately passed into the hands of\\nthe Glenns, of Baltimore, who sold it in\\n1885 to tne Conewingo Paper Company,\\nwho have a paper mill in full operation.\\nThe experiences of York Haven as a\\nboom town were re-echoed every mile\\nalong the Susquehanna from Harrisburg to\\nColumbia. It must not be supposed that\\nan era of paper cities is new with the\\npresent generation, for it is positively mel-\\nancholy to read of the disastrous failures\\nin this region. Every one who owned land\\non the river front indulged in dreams of\\nthe prosperity that was to come from the\\ndevelopment of river navigation, and their\\nfertile acres were laid off into town lots\\nand sold at absurd prices. Speculation in\\nthem followed and finally the crash came\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\na disaster which long impeded the river\\ntowns and actually killed many of them.\\nIn 1834 Gen. Lewis Cass, who was then\\nSecretary of War, came near being\\ndrowned in the river below Conewago\\nRapids. He was on his way to visit Simon\\nCameron and his ferryman lost his way,\\nthe night being foggy and stormy. They\\ndrifted about for hours in extreme peril,\\nbut were finally rescued.\\nSome of the waterfall at York Haven is\\nto be utilized by a company to furnish ex-\\ntensive electric power to the teity of York.\\nSimilar schemes for harnessing the Sus-\\nquehanna are being talked of at several\\nother places, including Columbia and\\nPeach Bottom. From the last-named place\\nit is expected to transmit the power to\\nBaltimore and Philadelphia.\\nMarietta, which is four miles above Co-\\nlumbia and 23 below Harrisburg, is a town\\nwhich has considerable prosperity because\\nof its iron furnaces and foundries. There\\nis a population of 2,500, mostly employed\\nin the ironworks, which are stretched\\nalong the railroad track. North of the\\ntown is a curious country place, the vac-\\ncine farm of Dr. Alexander, where hun-\\ndreds of cattle are used in preparing virus,\\nwhich is shipped to all parts of this land.\\nOpposite Marietta there are a number of\\npleasure resorts, the most romantic of\\nwhich is Wildcat Glen, through which a\\n147", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "little stream pitches and tosses in pretty\\ncascades on its way to the river. On top\\nof the hill near there is a clubhouse for\\nfishermen and gunners from York.\\nTwo miles northeast of Marietta, on\\nhigh, level ground, is the old village of\\nMaytown, where, in a small farm dwell-\\ning, Simon Cameron was born, in 1799. His\\nfather was then a tailor and hotelkeeper,\\nbut had formerly been a tenant farmer\\nupon the glebe lands of Donegal Meeting\\nHouse, which is about two miles from\\nMaytown. Donegal Church is one of the\\nhistoric homes of Scotch-Irish Presbyteri-\\nans in this region. The Presbytery was\\nformed in 1720 and the present stone\\nchurch was erected about 1740. though it\\nhas since been remodeled. A monument is\\nshortly to be placed in the churchyard by\\none of the patriotic societies of wompu.\\nAs our train stopped at Chickies Station\\nfor a moment, preparatory to swinging\\naround the base of Chiques rock and so\\ninto Columbia, I saw the most stately old\\nmansion I have noticed along the Susque-\\nhanna, with a great portico and tall col-\\numns. It was the home of Prof. Samuel\\nStehman Haldeman, one of America s dis-\\ntinguished naturalists by turns a student\\nof shells, of rocks, of languages, the author\\nof 200 scientific memoirs and long connect-\\ned with the University of Pennsylvania.\\nfirst as professor of natural sciences and\\nthen as professor of comparative philol-\\nogy. The site, which is unique for its bold,\\nromantic profile and delightful prospect.\\nwas given to him by his father, and in\\n1S35 this splendid old home was built from\\nthe Professor s own plans. It was sur-\\nrounded by foreign trees and plants, and\\nwas in every way such a fitting place for\\na great investigator of nature s secrets\\nthat it seems a pity that some other noted\\nscholar has not made it his home since Dr.\\nHaldeman s death, instead of allowing the\\nmansion to go into decay.\\n148", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "XVIII.\\nTHE STORY OF COLUMBIA.\\nColumbia, Lancaster County, Pa., Sept.\\n7.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Whether you come from up the river\\nor from down the river, the big bridge\\nacross the Susquehanna from Columbia to\\nWrightsville, on the west bank, is a con-\\nspicuous object. It is a bridge which de-\\nserves more than a passing glance because\\na chapter of the Southern Confederacy\\nwas made by it.\\nWhen Gen. Robert E. Lee made his mem-\\norable invasion of Pennsylvania, with\\nthe idea of winning triumph for the South\\nby cutting off Washington from the North,\\nand, perhaps, capturing Philadelphia and\\nNew York, this bridge, or more correctly\\nits predecessor, was the farthest point\\neastward or northward reached by his\\nforces. Then came the battle of Gettys-\\nburg, disastrous for the Southern cause,\\nand the retreat into Virginia made this\\nregion around Columbia and Wrightsville\\nmemorable as the high water mark of\\nthe Confederacy.\\nIt was on the evening of Sunday, June\\n28, 1803, when Gen. John P.. Gordon, since\\nGovernor of Georgia and a Senator from\\nthat State, marched 2,500 Confederate\\ntroops over the high York county ridge\\nbehind Wrightsville. He had been sent in\\nadvance by Gen. .Tubal Early, who re-\\nmained at York, and he was following up a\\nbody of Union militia and convalescents,\\nwhich had withdrawn from York when\\nEarly drew near. These Union troops were\\nnow collected in Wrightsville. but after a\\nfeeble attempt to resist Gordon s men they\\nwere led in retreat across the bridge to\\nColumbia and the long bridge was set on\\nfire to prevent the Southerners crossing\\nthe Susquehanna.\\n149", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "The scene made by the burning bridge\\nmust have been a sublime one. The\\nfire,*- says an eyewitness, swept along\\nfrom span to span until the whole struc-\\nture was one roaring mass of angry flames;\\nblazing timbers hissed as they dropped in\\nthe stream and floated toward the big\\ndam below. The Southern soldiers lined\\nthe right bank of the river and swarmed\\nover the adjacent hills, interested specta-\\ntors of the grand display of fire s awful\\nforces. Men. women and children crowded\\nthe Columbia side almost spellbound as\\nthe fire shaped fantastic colorings on sky,\\ntree and water. Then came panic. The\\nretreat of the troops, the firing of the\\nbridge and shell and shot falling into the\\nriver created a stampede, which continued\\nduring the night, as the shelling of the\\ntown was anticipated.\\nGeneral Gordon and his soldiers re-\\nmained at Wrightsville until the morning\\nof the second day following, when the\\nword of recall came. Lee had taken his\\nstand at Gettysburg, and one of the great\\nbattles of the world was readv to be\\nfought.\\nThe present fine steel bridge is not the\\nimmediate successor of the one set afire in\\n1863. The Pennsylvania Railroad built one\\nin 1868. which remained until a hurricane\\non September 29, 1896. when the structure\\nwas swept from its piers and thrown into\\nthe river, a mass of broken and tangled\\ndebris. A new bridge was put in position\\nin the succeeding spring in the record-\\nbreaking time of 21 days. It is 100 feet\\nlonger than a mile and has the enormous\\nweight of 7.100 tons. It is used by a di-\\nvision of the Pennsylvania Railroad run-\\nning from Lancaster and Columbia to\\nYork. Hanover and Frederick, Md. A\\nflooring of boards permits its use for driv-\\ning and walking when it is known that\\ntrains are not due.\\nThere is another way in which Columbia\\nand Wrightsville are linked with the na-\\ntion s history, and it is an incident that\\ndoes not seem to be generally known. In\\n1789 when the capital of these United\\nStates had not been fixed, and when there\\nwas consequently much log-rolling among\\n150", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "the States and towns eager for the honor,\\nthere was a strong movement in favor of\\nlocating here at Columbia. Indeed, so\\nstrong was the movement that on Septem-\\nber 4 of that year the lower branch of\\nCongress passed a resolution that the\\npermanent seat of the General Govern-\\nment ought to be in some convenient place\\non the banks of the Susquehanna river, in\\nthe State of Pennsylvania. You must\\nunderstand that since 1733 this had been\\nthe place for a ferry, which was an im-\\nportant link of communication between\\nNorth and South. Its selection was largely\\nurged by the Representatives from New\\nEngland, while on the other hand, its chief\\nopponents were Southern members, who\\nsupported the banks of the Potomac for the\\ncapital, and who had suspicions, it seems,\\nthat this Susquehanna site was being urged\\nand backed by a powerful lobby. At any\\nrate the Susquehanna resolution was voted\\ndown in the Senate, and the next year,\\nthrough the influence of Thomas Jefferson,\\nthe Potomac was selected.\\nHarrisburgers claim that their city was\\nthe Susquehanna town under considera-\\ntion. They also say that the Confederate\\nadvance reached the river bank opposite\\ntheir city. But I am now giving you The\\nStory of Columbia.\\nIt is rather curious to read now the\\narguments which were advanced in favor\\nof the Susquehanna. It was maintained\\nby the New Englanders that John Wright\\nand his son John had fixed their ferry at\\nthe point nearest the centre of wealth,\\npopulation and influence and that the\\ncentre of population was going to stay\\nhere at Columbia for many years to come.\\nFisher Ames, of Massachusetts, echoed\\nthe general opinion of his colleagues, wc\\nare told, when he said it was perfectly\\nromantic to allow any consideration of\\nthe country west of the Ohio, as it was\\nan unmeasurable wilderness about whose\\nsettlement nv one could calculate. To-\\nday there are more millions west of the\\nOhio river than east of it, the Capitol at\\nWashington has several hundred thou-\\nsands within its shadow, while here on the\\nSusquehanna, Columbia and Wrightsville\\n151", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "between them cannot muster more than\\n15,000. Odd, indeed, are the vagaries of\\nhistory.\\nColumbia and Wrightsville can hardly be\\ncalled handsome towns. They have a pret-\\nty location on the hillsides of the Susque-\\nhanna at a point where it is broad, but\\nColumbia, while a prosperous small city\\nbecause of its factories, mills and fur-\\nnaces, has not developed its aesthetic side\\nin harmony with its material progress.\\nWe saw some pretty churches and fine\\nhomes during a stroll from which we have\\njust returned, but they are not the rule.\\nWrightsville is more a village in its type,\\nwith about one-fifth of Columbia s inhab-\\nitants. It has, however, several manufac-\\ntories.\\nThere was a time when Columbia had a\\nbig trade as the southern end of the State\\nsystem of canals. That day is over, al-\\nthough the town is still an important\\nfreight-handling point for the Pennsylva-\\nnia and the Philadelphia and Reading,\\nwhich has a road here from Reading.\\nTwo diminutive ferryboats towing a flat-\\nboat for cattle and wagons are the latter-\\nday successors of the ferry which was\\ncarried on at this point by the Wrights.\\nAfter having ridden over and back in a\\nlazy fashion, with about four persons for\\ncompanions en voyage, it seems hard for\\nme to believe this was once such an im-\\nportant ferry point that emigrants often\\nhad to wait two and three days to get\\nthemselves, their equipment and their\\nstock across to the west side. Yet that is\\nwhat we are told happened in the days of\\nthe first Wright.\\nWright, by The way, was a man of much\\nimportance in Pennsylvania s early his-\\ntory. He resisted in sturdy fashion the\\nencroachments of the Maryland men under\\nCresap, who wished to take possession of\\nthe land hereabouts for Lord Baltimore;\\nhe named Lancaster county after his na-\\ntive county of Lancashire, in England, and\\nwas a presiding justice of the County\\nCourt for many years. His son, John, lived\\non the York county side of the river and\\nreally carried on the ferry.\\n152", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "II was not until after their deaths that\\nWright s Ferry on the east bank became\\nColumbia and Wright s Ferry on the west\\nbank became dignified into Wrightsville.\\nThe town was laid out and named Colum-\\nbia by Samuel Wright, a grandson of the\\npioneer. This occurred about the time of\\nthe agitation for making Wright s Ferry\\nthe National Capital, which most likely\\nhad something to do with the selection of\\nthe name of Columbia.\\nOne of the interesting old mansions of\\nColumbia is the Wright home, a solid-look-\\ning stone house. It faces on the second\\nstreet back from the river, and its rear\\nis above the railroad tracks. In its cen-\\ntury and a half of history it has seen many\\nexciting incidents. After Braddock s de-\\nfeat in 1755 it was used as a fort for the\\nalarmed settlers of this vicinity, its stone\\nwalls, narrow windows and double doors\\nof oak making it a formidable place.\\nSusanna Wright, daughter of Johu\\nWright the elder, was one of the most re-\\nmarkable of colonial dames. She was en-\\ndowed with extraordinary intellect, was\\nfamiliar with higher mathematics, was an\\nexpert in business affairs and law, gave\\nmuch attention to the study of medicine,\\nknew a great deal about physics and had\\ngifts in the direction of painting. She\\ncorresponded with Benjamin Franklin, and\\none of the ways in which she gained dis-\\ntinction was by turning her attention to\\nthe culture of silk here at her home. From\\neggs procured from Europe she raised a\\nlarge number of silkworms, and then sent\\nthe raw silk product to Paris to be wover\\nThrough Franklin she gave a piece of the\\nsilk to the Queen of England, who in turn\\npresented her with a silver tankard yet\\nin the possession of the Wright family.\\nIt is rather interesting to note that there\\nnow exists a silk factory in the place\\nwhere Miss Wright carried on the first silk-\\nculture experiments in America.\\nSusanna Wright, though she never mar-\\nried, had her heart romance just the same.\\nAmong her father s earliest neighbors and\\nfriends was Samuel Blunston, surveyor of\\nthe region. He took up land near that\\nof John Wright, but when he came to\\n153", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "buiM a house he found no spot on it that\\nsuited him. Susanna Wright supplied him\\nwith a site by deeding to him a corner of\\na plot bought by her father in her name,\\nand from that time the two were close\\nfriends. Blunston was a widower, his\\nwife having died soon after he came into\\nthe neighborhood. Susanna probably never\\nmarried him because she wished to devote\\nher time to caring for her younger brothers\\nand looking after her father. But she\\nhelped Blunston in his surveying work by\\nher knowledge of mathematics, and she\\ngave him much prudent advice and coun-\\nsel, after the manner of a wise Colonial\\nQuakeress. And when he died in 1746 it\\nwas found that he had bequeathed to Su-\\nsanna Wright, spinster, a life-interest in\\nsuch property as he had. She survived\\nhim many years, living in the home he\\nhad built on the ground she had given him.\\nA part of this old house is still standing\\nin Columbia and has much attraction\\namong the many familiar with the story\\nof Susanna Wright s love affair.\\nThere is still another old home in this\\nneighborhood worth attention. It is a brick\\ndwelling over in Wrightsville, near the\\nrailroad station in that town. It was the\\nhome of Gen. James Ewing, who married\\na daughter of John Wright, Jr., and who\\ncommanded a brigade of the Flying Camp\\nunder General Washington. For a time it\\nwas the enforced abiding place of Dr. John\\nConnolly, a notorious Tory. Connolly was\\na half-brother of General Ewing, a younger\\nson of his mother.\\nThe younger brother was a creature of\\nLord Drumore, royal Governor of Virginia,\\nand represented him in sundry malodorous\\nschemes to oust the Pennsylvanians who\\nhad settled along the Ohio. He chose the\\nBritish side in the Revolution and got a\\ncolonel s commission from General Gage,\\nhis plan being to organize a regiment of\\nIndians and make cruel attacks on the bor-\\nder settlements. But he was arrested at\\nHagerstown on his way west and was only\\nreleased upon General Ewing s pledge that\\nthe Doctor would not leave the Ewing\\nfarm at Wrightsville. He was soon plot-\\nting again, was rearrested, exchanged and\\n154", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "wont into Canada. When the war was\\nover he bobbed np here with a scheme to\\nenlist dissatisfied American officers in an\\nexpedition to capture Louisiana and set up\\na separate government, a plan very similar\\nto the later one of Aaron Burr.\\nIt is narrated that on one occasion Con-\\nnolly angered his brother so much at the\\ndinner table by boasts of how the British\\nwould soon crush the rebels that General\\nEwing jumped up, seized the Doctor by\\nthe throat and would have throttled him\\nhad not Mrs. Ewing interfered.\\nIn the southern end of Columbia, near\\nthe river, is a rolling mill office, which to\\nthose who know it recalls a romantic story\\nclosely identified with the writings of sev-\\neral English novelists. That office was once\\nthe home of Robert Barber, high sheriff of\\nLancaster county, about 1740, and in a\\nlog jail which Barber built near his bousp\\nwas confined for a time James Annesley,\\nsubsequently a prominent character in\\nEngland as claimant of the Earldom of\\nAnglesey.\\nThe story of James Annesley s adven-\\ntures and persecutions forms the ground-\\nwork of Charles Reade s well-known novel\\nThe Wandering Heir, and is also in-\\ncorporated into portions of Scott s Guy\\nMannering, Smollett s Peregrine Pickle\\nand a fourth novel, Florence Macarthy.\\nAnnesley was a son of Lord Altham, a\\ngrandson of the first Earl of Anglesey.\\nAfter his father s death in 1727, his fath-\\ner s brother kidnapped the nephew and\\nhad him sold as an indentured servant in\\nPhiladelphia, through which action the\\nuncle afterward was enabled to become\\nthe Earl of Anglesey. The lad s service\\nwas bought by a Lancaster county farmer,\\nwhose daughter fell in love with the serv-\\nant, as did also a young Indian girl. These\\nembarrassments caused Annesley to flee,\\nbut he was caught and kept in this jail\\nat Columbia until returned to his master.\\nHe was recognized as the heir to the\\nAnglesey title by two Irishmen who hap-\\npened to visit his master s farm, and they\\nbecame su much interested in his story\\nthat they offered to go back with him to\\nhelp prove his rightful inheritance. There\\n155", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "was a big sensation in London on his re-\\nturn. His uncle contested the charges\\nagainst him by assertions that Annesley\\nwas not really the son of his brother, but\\nAnnesley s cause was justified by the\\ncourts, though he never had money enough\\nto prosecute them to the end and gain the\\ntitle and estates. His uncle remained in\\npossession and there were several bloody\\nquarrels between them and their followers.\\nAs a Southerner I noticed the number\\nof colored persons here in Columbia and\\nsoon found that their presence was due to\\nthe fact that this city was the terminus\\nof one of the most prolific underground\\nrailroads in slave times. The escaping\\nblack men were sent from one friendly\\nfarmhouse to another across York county\\nuntil they arrived at Wrightsville, where\\nthey were aided by William Wright, a\\ngrandson of the Quaker pioneer. Many\\nof those helped to freedom in this way\\nnever got farther than Columbia or other\\nnear-by river towns. Some have made\\nmoney in various business pursuits. One\\nwas a big lumber dealer here.\\nA resident of Columbia at the present,\\ntime has recently come into prominence as\\na poet. I refer to Lloyd Mifflin, whose\\nbooks of sonnets and other short poems,\\nAt the Gates of Song, The Slopes of\\nHelicon and The Hills, have been pro-\\nnounced fine by the best critics of poetry.\\nAs a conductor said, his home is right up\\nthe hill from the station, a painted brick\\nhouse of comfortable appearance, standing\\non a corner, with ivy overhanging parts of\\nit in a picturesque way.\\nThere dwells Mr. Lloyd Mifflin, artist\\nand poet like his father, the late J. Hous-\\nton Mifflin. In his verses much of the\\ncountry roundabouts is seen to be mir-\\nrored, for he loves nature s moods. Some\\nof his sonnets have unfolded to me new.\\ncharms of this part of the Susquehanna.\\n156", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "XIX.\\nTHE LAND OF BIG BARNS.\\nColumbia, Lancaster County, Pa., Sept.\\n9.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Today a series of three pleasing ex-\\ncursions out of Columbia has added much\\nto our enjoyment of this portion of the\\nSusquehanna Valley.\\nFirst of all we had a trolley ride on the\\nturnpike to Lancaster city past Senator\\nQuay s new home; past the fertile farms\\nwhich have made this region so famous;\\npast Wheatlands, long the home of\\nPresident James Buchanan; past the at-\\ntractive group of buildings occupied by\\nFranklin and Marshall College; and into\\nthe heart of a busy and pretty city.\\nReturning to Columbia we crossed the\\nriver to Wrightsville and drove south, par-\\nallel with the river, to see the remains of\\nthe fort erected by Col. Thomas Cresap,\\nwhich was the scene of many lively en-\\ncounters during the boundary warfare of\\nMaryland and Pennsylvania.\\nThen, after getting back to Columbia\\nwe again took a trolley car and by a cir-\\ncuitous climb reached the summit of\\nChiques Rock, the palisade which juts out\\nboldly in a bend of the river two miles\\nabove Columbia. From there we had a\\nsplendid view, that was the more enjoyable\\nbecause we had become familiar with the\\nvalleys over which our eyes roamed.\\nSenator Quay s estate is about two miles\\neast of Columbia on the turnpike to Lan-\\ncaster. It had been one of the star farms\\nof the neighborhood for years before its\\npurchase by the Pennsylvania Republican\\nleader, but the interest in it is, of course,\\nredoubled by the fame of the present own-\\ner, and I noticed that all eyes were turned\\ncuriously toward it as our car whizzed\\nalong the pike in front.\\n157", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "The house is not a striking one. .architec-\\nturally speaking. It is of wood, painted\\nyellow, and is large and roomy; so large\\nand roomy that it suggests a summer hotel,\\na suggestion that is enhanced by the red\\nand white striped awnings which stood out\\nconspicuously before each of the many\\nwindows. Porches around the ground\\nfloor, of course, add much to the comfort\\nof the Senator s family and visitors, while\\neast of the house is a grove of trees.\\nThe two hundred yards between the\\nroad and the dwelling are not taken up\\nby lawns, drives and shade trees, but by\\na big field of healthy looking tobacco. It\\nalmost seems as if the Senator were\\nanxious to let his constituents know that\\nhe is a farmer. Back of the house and\\nto the right and left tall com and fields\\nof waving grain show that it is indeed a\\nfertile farm. The driveway into the\\nhouse from the road is some distance to\\nthe west, down a shaded avenue leading\\nto a big barn.\\nMr. Quay was born in another fertile\\ncountry like this, across the Susquehanna,\\nat Dillsburg, York county, and though he\\nhas lived most of the time since at Beaver\\nFalls, in the northwestern part of the\\nState, it is said by the people of this\\nneighborhood that this Lancaster county\\npurchase is not merely for summer use,\\nbut will be a permanent home. It is cer-\\ntainly convenient to the cities in which the\\nSenator takes most interest. Philadelphia,\\nHarrisburg and Washington. His son,\\nMajor Quay, lives permanently upon the\\nfarm.\\nLancaster county is emphatically the\\nland of big barns. One does not have\\nto go far on the trolley trip to Lancas-\\nter to learn this. The tracks follow the\\nturnpike and the turnpike runs along a\\nhigh ridge, from which there is a fine\\nview of fertile farms on both sides for a\\nnumber of miles, while occasionally tall\\nspires and the haze of distant smoke be-\\ntoken the presence of villages in the\\nmidst of one of the fairest and most pros-\\nperous farming regions of this country.\\nIt is a country of rolling hills and gently\\nsloping vales, with occasional rocky dells\\n158", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "of no great depth and low cascades, util-\\nized for grist mills, factories and machine\\nshops; a country of tobacco, wheat, rye,\\nmaize, potato and turnip fields, of or-\\nchards, meadows and patches of woodland;\\na country salubrious and wealthy, dotted\\nwith hamlets, villages, towns and con-\\nspicuous barns.\\nSome years ago the descendants of the\\nGermans who wisely chose this region\\nhad their ire excited by a book called The\\nPennsylvania Dutch, in which it was as-\\nserted that the dwellers here paid more\\nattention to their crops and stock than\\nthey did to themselves and their families;\\nthat the barns were large out of propor-\\ntion just as the houses were cramped out\\nof proportion. I do not echo this, for the\\nhomes all seem to me to be wearing an air\\nof comfort and cheerfulness, of thrift and\\nneatness.\\nAnd I, for one, admire the great barns\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nlarge, airy and commodious, well painted\\nor stuecoed, their barnyard sides supported\\non heavy stone walls, while on the other\\nside earthen slopes lead up to the big front\\ndoors. We rode past dozens of them today,\\nsome right beside the turnpike, others look-\\ning more majestic by their distance from\\nthe road.\\nIn our drive from TVrightsville to Cre-\\nsap s fort this afternoon it was evident\\nthat the same thrift and prosperity pre-\\nvailed on the farms of York county. The\\ndrive was about four miles, and the road\\nled over a ridge south of Wrightsville and\\ndown into a fertile valley, which ought to\\nbear its proper Indian name of Conojohela,\\nbut which is too generally corrupted into\\nJockly or Conojockly. It is a source\\nof constant regret to me that these beauti-\\nful Indian names, of which there are so\\nmany along the Susquehanna, should be so\\noften vulgarized. You will observe that in\\nwriting of the high rock, to which we also\\npaid a visit this afternoon, I have invari-\\nablv spelled it Chiques. Up here they\\nusually spell it Chickies. That is what\\n1 calf mutilation. It was bad enough to\\nhave the original noble name of Chiquesa-\\nlunga split in half.\\n159", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "All this region was once claimed by Mary-\\nland, and our ride toCresap s place brought\\nvividly to the fore the circumstances un-\\nder which it was fought for and lost. The\\nwhole difficulty was the ambiguity of the\\ntwo charters given by the Kings of Eng-\\nland to Penn and Calvert. Each tried to\\nclaim all that seemed due under the widest\\ninterpretation of their documents, and\\nCresap was the man who made a niche in\\nhistory for himself by moving up here to\\nConojohela Valley and stoutly asserting the\\nrights of Lord Baltimore in a land that\\nwas just becoming peopled with Pennsyl-\\nvanians. He came here in 1732. and know-\\ning that there would likely be trouble, he\\nimmediately built near the river a strong\\nblockhouse, which has always been known\\nas Cresap s fort.\\nThe foundation walls of the old fort are\\nstill standing, after a century and two-\\nthirds, and were the cause of our drive\\nhere, because of their historic interest.\\nThey form the lower port of the farmhouse\\nof Mr. John L. Detwiler, and it is easy to\\nsee that they were built to withstand at-\\ntack.\\nThe story of Cresap s War which fol-\\nlowed can be read in any history of Penn-\\nsylvania or Maryland, though I must con-\\nfess that if you read the historians of the\\nformer State you will be inclined to think\\nCresap a marauder of the deepest dye, in-\\nstead of regarding him as a daring pioneer,\\nzealous in upholding the title of the land\\nLord Baltimore had given him.\\nThe bloody part of the trouble began\\nwith the killing of Knowles Daunt, a Lan-\\ncaster county man. who had come with\\nthe Sheriff of that county for the purpose\\nof arresting Cresap in his fort. The ex-\\ncitement grew more intense when Cresap\\nwas given a commission as a Maryland\\nmagistrate and captain of militia and\\nwent about with a force of armed men,\\nsurveying lands, dispossessing Germans\\nwho had Pennsylvania titles, collecting\\nMaryland taxes and in general ruling af-\\nfairs on the west side of the Susquehanna,\\nwhich was asserted to be a part of Balti-\\nmore county. Maryland. Finally, in Sep-\\ntember, 173(5, the Supreme Court of Penn-\\n160", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "sylvania issued a warrant for the arrest\\nof Cresap for the murder of Knowles\\nDaunt, and divers other high crimes and\\nmisdemeanors, and the Lancaster Sheriff\\ncrossed the river with a posse at night to\\nserve it. Cresap, with six men, was shut\\nin his blockhouse, and he fired on the\\nSheriff. Then the Sheriff set fire to the\\nfort, and Cresap, his wife and his men\\nwere obliged to rush out, and were cap-\\ntured after some more fighting. The leader\\nwas taken in irons to Philadelphia, but\\neven as a prisoner he asserted his spirit by\\nsaying tauntingly, as he got his first\\nglimpse of Philadelphia: D it, this is\\none of the fairest towns of Maryland.\\nCresap was soon released and afterward\\nbecame a prominent character on the west-\\nern frontier of Maryland. The border\\nwarfare continued at intervals until\\nstopped by an agreement between the\\nPenns and the Calverts.\\nThe share which Cresap s wife took in\\nthe troubles around this old blockhouse is\\nnot the least interesting part of the his-\\ntory. She frequently mounted a horse and\\nrode with her husband and his armed\\nforce, and during the attacks on his block-\\nhouse she showed that she could handle\\na musket as well as any of the men. Once\\nshe was on her way to join her hus-\\nband at a point near Wrightsville, and\\nfour miles north of their fort she saw a\\nflatboat filled with men crossing the river.\\nA bugle which she carried was quickly\\nsouuded as a warning to her husband and\\nhis men, while Hannah Cresap rode rap-\\nidly back to the fort and led reinforce-\\nments. This caused the Lancaster county\\nmen to change their minds and turn the\\nboat back.\\nSome writer has said that the vicinity\\nof Chiques Rock reminds him of the Po-\\ntomac at Harper s Ferry. I partly agree\\nwith him. The hills are precipitous here,\\njust as they are around there, but the\\nriver is broader and grander to look down\\nupon from Chiques Rock, and then, too,\\nits position in a sharp bend of the river\\ngives it a second advantage. It is a fa-\\nvorite point for the people of Columbia,\\nwlm picnic beneath the trees back of the\\n161", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "rock and from its outer edge take in the\\nview, which in all includes nearly 20\\nmiles 6f the river, in addition to a section\\nof Lancaster county to the northward and\\nthe bit of York county between the river\\nand the hillsides. It is not possible to see\\nover the York headlands into that county,\\nneither is it possible to see Columbia or\\nLancaster or that region on the east side\\nof the river. High hills intervene.\\nThe Susquehanna lies several hundred\\nfeet beneath the observation point, its\\nplacid current turned aside by an occa-\\nsional bowlder or broken into gentle rap-\\nids by some ledge of rocks. The silence\\nwhich it seems to inspire is broken only\\nby the sound of a train crossing the long\\nbridge yonder to Wrightsville or following\\nthe track to Harrisburg right at the base\\nof the rock. One or two parties are out\\nin canoes paddling here and there and\\nrecalling to ns thoughts of how one Indian\\nfrom this rock must oft have watched an-\\nother in a bark canoe on the waters afar\\noff.\\nOne canoe was heading up stream and\\nwe watched it until it passed the busy\\ntown of Marietta, which lies stretched out\\nalong the east bank for a couple of miles.\\nAnother canoe was coming toward us from\\nthe same vicinity and we saw this hug\\nthe west bank and then, coming across at\\nthe foot of our rock, follow the east bank\\nuntil lost to sight behind the hill which\\nprevents us from seeing Columbia.\\nA popular American writer said some\\nyears ago, One of the loveliest landscapes\\non which my eyes have fallen is the scene\\nwhich, on a sunshiny day, one surveys\\nfrom the summit of the Chiques Rock. The\\nwhole region roundabout is a miracle of\\nGod s handiwork\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not mountainous, but\\nhilly, as if. in Mrs. Browning s phrase, His\\nfinger touched, but did not press in mak-\\ning it.\\nChiques Rock is a favorite point of ob-\\nservation for Mr. Lloyd Mifflin, the poet\\nwho was born and has lived his life here.\\nSonnets describing the varying beauties\\nof the river as seen from this high point\\nat all hours of the day can easily be\\npicked out of his books, just as it is possi-\\n162", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "ble to find in others enchanting descrip-\\ntions of the life on the beautiful farms of\\nLancaster county. One of his poems bears\\nthe title of The Susquehanna From the\\nCliffs, and another, entitled Winter s\\nHere, Indeed, describes the Susquehanna\\nin the days of snow, when ice the darling\\nriver blocks, when summer s skiffs are\\nlaid on snowy banks, when the ferry\\nflat comes not, and the wild ducks fly in\\nabundance overhead.\\nBut to me today one of his prettiest river\\ndescriptions seems to be The Evening\\nComes, in which he says:\\nThe evening comes; the boatman, with his net,\\nPoles his canoe and leaves it on the shore;\\nSo low the stream he does not use the oar;\\nThe umber rocks rise like a parapet\\nUp through the purple and the violet,\\nAnd the faint-heard, never-ending roar\\nOf moving waters lessens more and more,\\nWhile each vague object looms a silhouette.\\nThe light is going, but low overhead\\nPoises the glory of the evening star;\\nThe fisher, silent on the rocky bar,\\nDrops his still line in pools of fading red\\nAnd in the sky, where all the day lies dead,\\nThe clouded moon unsheathes her scimitar.\\nThomas Moran has beautifully illustrated\\nsome of Mr. Mifflin s poems, and I should\\ndearly love to have his picture of twilignt\\non the Susquehanna as thus described.\\n163", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "XX.\\nAMID CHARMING HIGHLANDS\\nPort Deposit, Cecil County, Md\u00e2\u0080\u009e Sept.\\n12.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Our trip to the outlet of the Susque-\\nhanna at Havre tie Grace and Perryville\\nfrom the little city of Columbia is one\\nwhich will linger long in the memory.\\nShut in as it is by high, steep ridges, this\\nportion of the river, the last before its wa-\\nters are spread out into broad Chesapeake\\nbay, has been very appropriately called\\nthe Highlands of the Susquehanna. And\\nin the opinion of our party there are few\\nriver highlands or palisades more enchant-\\ning.\\nOne rocky spur after another juts out\\ninto the river and forms a series of bold,\\nnatural abutments upon both sides. At\\nthe base of these high bluffs a railroad\\ncreeps along on the east bank and the Tide-\\nwater canal has been cut on the west bank,\\nboth of them often so near the river that\\nit seems as if train or boat would fall over\\ninto the water or else jam its nose into\\nsome titanic wall of granite or slate. Along\\nthe hillsides between the jagged rocks are\\nwild growths, a number of creeks and\\nstreams and frequent deep ravines. Some-\\ntimes there are homes, but the ridges are\\ntoo rugged to permit of much cultivation,\\nand so the hills have been left practically\\nundisturbed, save where rocks were blasted\\nto make way for canal or railroad.\\nBetween the hills is the river, so narrow\\nat some places that one is tempted to try\\nand throw a stone across, and again spread\\nout so as to make room for rocky islets,\\nponderous, grim-looking bowlders and occa-\\nsionally an island large enough to afford a\\nchance for trees or tall grass. At least a\\ndozen times some distinctly marked ledge\\n164", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "of rocks extends from bank to bank, and\\nover these the river pitches into rapids,\\nswirling, tossing and foaming, with a\\nstrength which surprises one, bnt which\\nshows what dangers the lumbermen and\\nboatmen met when they formerly de-\\nscended the river. The drouth this sum-\\nmer has made the keen edges of the rocks\\neven more apparent, and so has added to\\nthe dread which they inspire.\\nThe great bowlders in midstream rise up\\nin such grotesque and unnatural shapes\\nthat we instinctively feel that some tre-\\nmendous force grimly fashioned them in\\nthe primeval ages. They and the stony\\nridges which cast their shadows across the\\nriver are never-failing sources of interest\\nto the geologist. They must have been\\namong the earliest of the world s creations\\nand are so hard that an ordinary hammer\\ncan do nothing to them.\\nNature s climax is in the seven miles be-\\ntween Safe Harbor and McCall s Ferry.\\nThere the hills are steepest, the river wild-\\nest, the bowlders and rocky islets most\\nabundant. McCall s Ferry is the point\\nwatched with greatest apprehension in the\\nspring by the people of Port Deposit. It is\\n21 miles above Port Deposit and 18 below\\nColumbia. At that point the river forms\\na gorge so narrow that if the ice jams there\\nin its descent there is almost sure to be a\\ndisastrous flood when it breaks again.\\nA journey through this region can be\\nmade by train in two hours from Columbia\\nto Perr vville. The road is a branch of the\\nPennsylvania, and there are two trains a\\nday each way, one in the morning and the\\nother in the evening. In the evening the\\ntrip is especially enchanting, for the sun-\\nsets are matchless as seen from the car\\nwindows, giving a tinge of amber and gold\\nto the hills and river and softening the\\ngrimness of the rocks into delightful pic-\\nturesqueness.\\nIf you are as fortunate as we were and\\ncan get a seat in the rear of the train the\\ncharm of the trip will be heightened, for\\nyou can look back upon the road s winding\\ncurves and see how the track is overhung\\nwith trees which give delightful green vis-\\ntas and with rocks in whose fantastic\\n165", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "shapes imagination can picture many odd\\nfaces. A conductor who knew the region\\nby heart, its stories and especial points of\\ninterest, won our warm gratitude by his\\ntalkativeness. From him we learned much\\nthat is told in this letter.\\nIn front of Columbia the river is a mile\\nbroad, while at the borough of Washing-\\nton, called Little Washington some-\\ntimes, ii is two miles across to the west\\nbank. Washington was the site of an Indian\\nvillage and is three miles below Columbia.\\nBetween the two towns is the broken dam\\nwhich once fed water to the Tidewater\\ncanal on the opposite bank. From Wash-\\nington there is a considerable view up and\\ndown the river. Opposite to it is the river\\nend of the Conojohela Valley, where Cre-\\nsap made his home.\\nBeiow Washington borough the river con-\\ntracts again and the hills come close to the\\nriver, to continue that way until Port De-\\nposit is reached. The first high ridge is\\nTurkey Hill, which to the student of Penn-\\nsylvania history is a place of interest,\\nbecause on it was a stockaded fort of\\nthe Susquehannock Indians, where they\\nmet with a terrible defeat about the\\nyear 1675 in a bloody attack by Seneca\\nIndians from up the river and where a\\nfeeble remnant, then known as Conestoga\\nIndians, was brutally massacred in 1763\\nby \u00c2\u00abi party of lawless pioneers, called\\nthe Paxton boys. The attack by the\\nSeneeas in 1675 was the culmination of\\na long series of struggles between what we\\nmay cail the up-river Indians and the down-\\nriver Indians. The Seneeas were the bet-\\nter warriors and the downfall of the Sus-\\nquehanuocks was only delayed by the aid\\nof the colony of Maryland. Once a force of\\nMarylanders under Col. Ninian Beall ad-\\nministered a crushing blow to the Seneeas,\\nwhich caused the name of Beall to be long\\nborne in mind along the Susquehanna.\\nOf the massacre by the Paxton boys I\\nhave already said something. There was\\nnothing to justify their slaughter of In-\\ndian squaws and children.\\nLarge quantities of stone arrowheads\\nand a few small cannon balls have been\\nfound in the vicinity of Conestoga, while\\n166", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "in the river out from Safe Harbor, which\\nis at the base of Turkey Hill, are the in-\\nteresting Sculptured Rocks, frequently\\nstudied by archaeologists, though now\\nmuch damaged by time, weather and ice\\nfloes. These rocks contain a large number\\nof hieroglyphics and a few pictures of ani-\\nmals of the cat kind. Similar inscriptions\\nare found on other rocks lower down the\\nriver, including the Bald Friars, which are\\n20 miles below Safe Harbor.\\nSafe Harbor has already been spoken of\\nas the north end of the finest part of the\\npalisades scenery. It is a cluster of houses\\nback of the mouth of Conestoga creek,\\nwhich drains Lancaster county, and the\\nname of which has been applied to those\\nlarge canvas-covered market wagons made\\nso familiar through Maryland and Penn-\\nsylvania by the descendants of G-erman\\npioneers.\\nIn this region there are a number of cot-\\ntages occupied in the summer by persons\\nfrom York and Lancaster. A few are\\nprivate homes, but many are the headquar-\\nters of rod and gun clubs, the members of\\nwhich find fine sport.\\nNot far from York Furnace Station on\\nthe east bank there has recently been dis\\ncovered a remarkable hillside hole called\\nthe Wind Cave. It is evidently several\\nhundred feet deep, though it is said that\\nno one has as yet fully explored it. Its\\nname is derived from the fact that when\\nstanding in the entrance a current of air is\\nfelt so strong that it will blow a light\\nhandkerchief away. This makes it proba-\\nble that there is another outlet in the hill-\\nside which has not yet been found.\\nThe farmer folk back in the hills have\\na curious name for those river dwellers\\nwho, by picking up driftwood, by fishing\\nand by boating, get enough to maintain\\nthemselves. They call them Algerines.\\nan echo of the times when American skip-\\npers feared the pirates of Algeria.\\nTucquan creek, which comes down into\\nthe river two miles above McCall s Ferry,\\ngoes through a romantic glen which at-\\ntracts many visitors and which is also\\nrich in botanical specimens. The creek\\nrises six miles back in the country, and\\n167", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "its course is through a ravine abounding\\nin picturesqueness. Rocks of every shape,\\ncrowned with trees or hidden beneath\\nferns, greet the eye. Sometimes the\\nstream is a gentle rivulet, then a minia-\\nture whirlpool, and again it plunges\\nthrough a rough chasm. About one mile\\nabove the river it passes through a deep\\ngorge known as the Devil s Hole.\\nThere are several interesting stories told\\nin connection with a bridge which stood\\nacrcss the rocky gorge at McCall s Ferry\\nin 1816, but which was not renewed after\\nan ice flood had carried it away. Thaddeus\\nStevens, the noted Pennsylvania states-\\nman, often called The Great Commoner,\\nrelates that after having studied law while\\nteaching at York he found that he could\\nbe more easily admitted to the bar at\\nBelair, Harford county, Md., than in\\nYork. He was asked only three ques-\\ntions, after which he was promised a cer-\\ntificate on condition that he would set\\nup champagne for his examiners, a bar-\\ngain that was carried out so well that\\nwhen Stevens left Belair next morning he\\nhad only $3.50 and his certificate. He\\nheaded for Lancaster, where he after-\\nward became a leading lawyer, and in\\ncrossing the Susquehanna at McCall s\\nFerry his horse took fright at some tim-\\nbers of the new bridge, and he would\\nhave drowned had it not been for the\\nbravery of a man working on the bridge.\\nTheodore Burr was the engineer who\\nbuilt this bridge at McCall s. and it is\\ntold that he was much annoyed while\\nworking here at McCall s by a Presby-\\nterian minister of the neighborhood who\\ngave large amounts of advice as to how a\\nbridge should be built. Finally Burr posted\\nnotices that he intended to preach a ser-\\nmon on an island in the river on the fol-\\nlowing Sunday. He had a large congrega-\\ntion, while the minister had a slim one.\\nWhat made you start to preach? the lat\\nter asked the bridge builder on the follow-\\ning day. Oh, I don t know, was Burr s\\nreply. You seem to understand bridge-\\nbuilding so thoroughly that I thought I\\nmight have to change places with you.\\nWhen we reached Peach Bottom, which\\nis 27 miles below Columbia and 12 above\\n168", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "Port Deposit, we were in the heart of the\\ngreat slate region. This could be seen\\nfrom piles of split slate along the railroad\\ntracks and more especially by a study of\\nSlate Point, on the opposite side of the\\nriver, an interesting geological curiosity.\\nIt is the eastern terminus of a valuable\\nvein of slate and is a perpendicular bluff,\\nrising more than 300 feet above the river.\\nThis altitude gives it a fine view up and\\ndown the river and hence Slate Point is\\nmuch visited by lovers of romantic scenery.\\nThe existence of slate in the rocky hii ls\\non both sides of the river was known in\\nColonial times and the graves of many of\\nthe pioneer settlers were marked with\\nslate slabs. But the preparation of the\\nslate for commercial purposes, especially\\nfor roofing, is a development of the pres-\\nent century. It was largely promoted by a\\nBaltimore company about 1812.\\nToday the quarries are almost entirely in\\nthe hands of Welsh folk. There are, per-\\nhaps, a score of them, mostly on the west\\nside of the river. The process of sawing,\\nsplitting and trimming the slate into shin-\\ngles is an interesting one.\\nWhen reading as a boy about Peach\\nBottom I was always curious to learn\\nwhence came the name. Yesterday I tried\\nto find out. but have not satisfied myself\\nyet. The explanation which I got was that\\nthis region was settled by a man named\\nJohnson in 1725 and that he chose the\\nname of Peach for these fertile bottom\\nlands on the river because of the abund-\\nance of the American redwood free, which\\nin spring and early summer made the hill-\\nsides seem as if covered with large peach\\norchards.\\nIn and around Peach Bottom several\\nnoted Americans were born. The most fa-\\nmous was Robert Fulton, in whose honor\\nthe township has since been named and\\nwhose birthplace is now called Fulton\\nHouse. It is a station on a narrow-gaug^\\nroad which runs from Peach Bottom to\\nthe town of Oxford, and is seven miles\\nfrom the river. The house has been re-\\nmodeled, but the old foundation and part\\nof the old walls are still there. The nar-\\nrow-gauge road runs through the old farm\\n169", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "and close to the buildings. Fulton s grand-\\nfather settled here about 1734. He was of\\nScotch-Irish birth, as were most of the\\npioneers in this rocky ridge region. The\\nfather of the steamboat man lived here for\\nonly a few years after the son s birth, in\\n1765. He became involved in money mat-\\nters, the old place passed into other hands\\nand he removed to Lancaster.\\nIn the same neighborhood was the birth-\\nplace of Dr. David Ramsay, the first\\nAmerican historian and afterward a noted\\nSon.th Carolinian, and of his brother. Col.\\nNathaniel Ramsay, the hero of the Mary-\\nland Line in the battle of Monmouth.\\nNear Delta, which is a couple of miles\\nback from the west side of the river, is the\\nbirthplace of James Ross, a noted Fed-\\neralist, Senator from Pennsylvania from\\n1797 to 1803 and a prominent character\\nin the early history of Pittsburg. Peach\\nBottom township was also the boyhood\\nhome of Hugh Henry Brackenridge, by\\nturns army chaplain, editor, author and\\njurist. He. too, was identified with Pitts-\\nburg at the same period as Ross, and\\nfigured in the Whisky Insurrection.\\nA mile or so below Peach Bottom is\\nthe Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary, the\\nnoted Mason and Dixon line. From the\\njournal of the English surveyors, whose\\nnames the line bears, we learn that the\\nSusquehanna is 23V\u00c2\u00b1 miles from the north-\\neast corner of Maryland. A conspicuous\\nrock in the middle of the river is on the\\nline, which is also indicated by a marker\\nbeside the railroad.\\nLocal traditions say that Mason and\\nDixon and their corps of men were re-\\ngarded as soothsayers or necromancers by\\npeople who lived around Peach Bottom in\\nthe year of their visit. They were very\\ngenerally called the star gazers, and the\\ncuriosity and apprehension of the ignorant\\nwere much excited by their scientific ob-\\nservations of the heavens. This impres-\\nsion was not lessened by the antics of a\\npet bear carried with them.\\nBald Friar, in Maryland, not far below\\nthe State line, was a ferry in Colonial\\ndays, and has some historical interest be-\\ncause it was the Susquehanna ferry se-\\n170", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "lected by Lafayette when he was march-\\ning his division of the army southward for\\nthe campaign which resulted in the sur-\\nrender at Yorktown. The ferry is said to\\nhave received its name because it was kept\\nat one time by a baldheaded man named\\nFry, hence Bald Fry s ferry; which is very\\nunlikely, in my humble judgment.\\nAt Conowingo, which is not far below\\nBald Friar, there is a bridge across the\\nwater, the only one for 40 miles of the\\nriver, it leads across to a paper mill on\\nthe west bank.\\nFrom the Maryland line southward to\\nPort Deposit there are frequent traces of\\na canal along the line of the railroad on\\nthe east hank. This was the old Maryland\\ncanal, one of the first works of its kind in\\nthis country, started in 1783, but not in\\noperation until 180.1. it created the town\\nof Port Deposit, but died out with the\\nbuilding of the larger canal on the west\\nbank 60 years ago, and was long ago aban-\\ndoned.\\nFour miles above Port Deposit the rail-\\nroad crosses Octoraro creek by a bridge, in\\nexcavating for which several skeletons\\nwere found which were evidently the re-\\nmains of persons of large size and were\\nmost likely Susquehannoek Indians. When\\nCapt. John Smith saw the Susquehannoeks\\nat the mouth of the river in 1608 he says\\nthe chief had calves three-quarters of a\\nyard about and the rest of his limbs so\\nanswerable to that proportion that he\\nseemed the goodliest man he ever saw.\\nAll of which description would suit a man\\nabout 10 feet high, so that it is probable\\nthe doughty Virginian was drawing on his\\nimagination for his measurements.\\nJust above Port Deposit we saw the rap-\\nids which blocked Captain Smith s jour-\\nney up the river, and which caused him\\nto give the name of Smith s Falls to this\\nsplendid stream. Many of us doubtless\\nrejoice because Smith s Falls did not be-\\ncome a fixture for the Susquehanna. Where\\nwould romance or poetry have been with\\nsuch a name?\\n171", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "XXI.\\nAT THE RIVER S MOUTH.\\nHavre de Grace. Harford County.\\nMi)., Sept. 14.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Five years ago 1 heard\\nPresident Oilman, of Johns Hopkins Uni-\\nversity, in an address to the pupils of\\nTome Institute, over yonder in Porl De-\\nposit, remind them that they were living\\nnot only in a region of much attractive-\\nness, but in a country replete with stories\\nof times far past.\\nWhat Dr. Gilman said then recurred to\\nme again and again today, and I gave it\\na much wider significance as I watched\\nthe trains scurry across the Susquehanna\\non the two big bridges of the Pennsyl-\\nvania and Baltimore and Ohio Railroads.\\nThe children of Pert Deposit may have\\nbeen largely unaware of the historic in-\\nterest of the country round about, but the\\ntravelers on the many trains that fly past\\nhere are more densely ignorant. They\\nlook out from the car windows upon the\\nbroad river as it passes into the still\\nbroader waters of the bay, and they call\\nit pretty or tine after the momentary\\nglance. lint how much more interested\\nthey would be were the legends and sto-\\nries of Havre de Grace and Port Deposit\\nknown.\\nThe special subject of Dr. Oilman s ad-\\ndress upon the occasion referred to was\\nthe island which is in the centre of the\\nSusquehanna s mouth, its lower end not\\nfar from the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge,\\nwhile its upper end serves to furnish sup-\\nport for the higher and newer bridge of\\nthe Baltimore and Ohio. Today it is Wat-\\nson s Island, and a truck farm. But in\\nearly days, nearly three centuries ago, it\\nwas known as Palmer s, after its first\\nsettler, Edward Palmer, a man from\\n172", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "Shakespeare s county, a graduate of Ox-\\nford, distinguished in his time as an anti-\\nquary, and an uncle of the unfortunate\\nSir Thomas Overbury.\\nDr. Gilman pointed out that the island\\nis distinctly linked with the earliest his-\\ntory of education in America, for Palmer\\nmade a will, in which he bequeathed this\\nisland to his alma mater on condition that\\nOxford University would undertake the\\nestablishment of a college in the New\\nWorld, to be called the Oxford Academy of\\nVirginia. This was in 1624, and ante-\\ndated the bequests of John Harvard in\\nNew England. The English university\\nnever undertook the bequest because more\\ndirect heirs stood first. Palmer died in\\n1625.\\nFor Marylanders Palmer and his island\\nhave another especial story. Before Lord\\nP altimore s colonists came to St. Marys,\\neven before William Clayborne settled out\\nthere on Kent Island, Palmer and asso-\\nciates had taken possession of this island\\nat the bottom of the Susquehanna as a\\nconvenient place for trading with the In-\\ndians of the bay and river. They were\\nthus the first white settlers in Maryland.\\nA writer of their time asserts that Palmer\\nactually entered into the trading scheme\\nto raise funds for his school plan, but\\nthat the dishonesty and bad capacity of\\nsome of his agents caused losses instead\\nof gains.\\nHavre de Grace is such a placid town\\nnowadays that it requires an effort to pic-\\nture the excitement and terrible incidents\\nwhich accompanied its burning by the\\nBritish on the morning of May 3, 1813,\\nmore than a year prior to the unsuccess-\\nful attack on Baltimore and during a\\npredatory incursion up to the head of the\\nChesapeake. I was fortunte to get hold\\nof an almost contemporaneous account.\\nThe Conflagration of Havre de Grace,\\nand this morning I read it while we were\\nstanding on a bluff at Perry ville, on the\\neast bank of the river, with the whole\\nscenic setting for the town s tragedy\\nspread out before me.\\nIn the early sun the town as I viewed it\\nacross the river s mile reminded me strong-\\n173", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "ly of those Canadian villages which seem\\nso quaint to the steamboat traveler on\\nthe St. Lawrence. North of the town is a\\nhill marking the termination of the high\\nridge which closely follows the river on\\nits west side for the last 50 miles of its\\ncourse. In the flat country at the base of\\nthis hill, but set back from the river by\\na moderate bluff, lies the town, its many\\nhouses half hid from the Perryville side\\nby the tops of trees. At its south end is\\nthe low point which juts out where the\\nriver ends and the bay begins, and which\\nis occupied by a whitewashed lighthouse.\\nOn this point militia from the neighbor-\\nhood hastily constructed a battery when\\nthe British fleet anchored half a dozen\\nmiles down the bay. near Spesuria Island,\\nclearly visible from where I stood this\\nmorning. There were several weeks of\\nwatchful, anxious days and fearful nights,\\nand the British fleet lingered so long out\\nthere that the people on land thought\\nthere would be no attack and grew less\\ncareful. Suddenly at daybreak on a clear\\nday was the alarm that the British were\\ncoming, and on the bay could be seen a\\nscore of barges laden with redcoats. It\\nmust have made a fine picture, though\\nnaturally a terrifying one. to the Havre\\nde Grace households. Rockets and shells\\nbegan to be thrown from the bnrges as\\nthey headed from the bay into the river,\\nand in panic the women and children and\\nmost of the militia fled to the hill north\\nof the town already mentioned. The few\\nwho remained did what they could from\\nthe battery on the point to check the on-\\ncoming British, but they were unsuccess-\\nful, and the barges passed the point, made\\na landing on the river side and captured\\nthe battery from behind, taking the brave\\nfellows prisoners.\\nThe town was already on fire from shot\\nand shell, and to these the British sol-\\ndiers soon added the torch. They went\\nabout plundering in small parties, helping\\nthemselves to what they fancied, and then\\nsetting the dwellings ablaze. Several la-\\ndies finally ventured back into the burn-\\ning village and by their entreaties saved\\nthe remaining buildings.\\n174", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "The British force was re-embarked and\\nwent up the river to the little village of\\nLapidum, four miles above Havre de\\nGrace, on the west bank. Here there was\\na cannon factory, which they burned.\\nPort Deposit lies opposite Lapidum, and\\nin another hastily constructed fort there\\na company of volunteers watched, with\\nbeating hearts, for the British to turn\\ntheir way. But nightfall was near at hand.\\nand the attack did not come, as the British\\nreturned to their ships.\\nIn Revolutionary days the fleet of Ad-\\nmiral Lord Howe was for several days\\nat anchor in the same position as this\\nBritish fleet was 50 years later, but Havre\\nde Grace was too small to be attacked,\\nand Philadelphia was the objective point.\\nThis town was merely a small cluster of\\nhouses at the west end of an important\\nferry. When communication first began\\nbetween the colonies, 200 years ago, Havre\\nde Grace naturally lay in the path of\\ntravel north and south, just as it does\\ntoday with the railroads. A ferry was here\\nin 1635 and probably earlier. In the Revo-\\nlution it was the crossing place for large\\nbodies of troops. Sometimes the Susque-\\nhanna was avoided by a route by boat\\nfrom Klkton to Annapolis, and vice versa,\\nbut it is known that Washington s army\\nin 17S2, on its return northward after the\\nvictory over Cornwallis. crossed here at\\nHavre de Grace, for a diarist who accom-\\npanied the army records that two days\\nwere required for getting over the Susque-\\nhanna, only one ferryboat being available.\\nWhen burned by the British. Havre de\\nGrace was a village of not more than 60\\nhouses. Today it is a town with 3,000 in-\\nhabitants. Fisheries aided its growth, and\\nlumber was rafted down the river to it,\\nas well as to Port Deposit, opposite. But\\nthe main help for Havre de Grace came\\nfrom the Tidewater Canal, built along the\\nwest bank of the Susquehanna from Co-\\nlumbia to Havre de Grace 60 years ago,\\nand with a lock and outlet at the Mary-\\nland terminus costing half a million dol-\\nlars. Now that the canal lies helpless, va-\\nrious business enterprises have come to\\nthe front, and its people find employment\\n175", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "in canneries, a lumber mill, a sash fac-\\ntory, a shoe factory, a cotton factory and\\nothers.\\nThey have a tradition here that General\\nLafayette selected the name of their town\\nby remarking that its site was very much\\nlike that of Havre de Grace, now the im-\\nportant French port of Havre. Another\\ntraveler is reported to have said the town\\nand its surroundings closely recall Rio\\nJaneiro.\\nThe fisheries of this lower end of the\\nriver are by no means to be despised.\\nEach spring for more than a century large\\nquantities of shad and herring have been\\ncaught with seines and gillnets and the\\nfish salted and prepared for a wide mar-\\nket. Formerly it was the custom for\\nthrifty farmers for many miles around to\\ncome here prepared for a week s stay in\\norder to lay in a stock of salt fish against\\nthe year. We are told that these fishing\\ngatherings were lively jamborees in many\\ncases.\\nFor the duck-hunter and the angler\\nHavre de Grace is a gate into Paradise.\\nIt has long been famous for canvasbaek\\nduck, which are shot on the flats or\\nmarsh lands of the bay and near-by\\ncreeks\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a sport which has in the last 50\\nyears attracted into this region some of\\nthe most noted of America s public men.\\nIn spring and summer rock are plentiful\\na few miles up stream, and bass still far-\\nther up. The trains and the steamboats\\nleaving here for Baltimore often carry\\nanglers with fine strings.\\nA small island containing several yellow-\\npainted buildings lies near the channel of\\nthe bay a few miles below Havre de Grace\\nand in the midst of the wild celery growths\\nwhich the ducks love. Here is a fish hatch-\\nery of the United States Government. The\\nisland is known as Fishing Battery.\\nOn each bank of the river here are large\\nice-houses. In recent years the ice which\\nhas formed has not been thick enough to\\nbear cutting, and these big barnlike struc-\\ntures have stood desolate and forsaken.\\nBut in former years a plentiful harvest\\nwas often reaped, and the scene on the\\nfrozen river was a strange and busy one.\\n176", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "One set of men with horses were busy\\nmarking out the iee fields and cutting\\nthem as deep as was safe. Another set\\nfollowed them, sawing, plowing, planing;\\na third set towed the big blocks down a\\ncanal purposely cut toward the ice-house,\\nits strip of cold water showing black\\nagainst the white ice on either side. At\\nthe foot of the inclined plane or elevator\\ninto the ice-house other men kept the\\ncrystal blocks in a procession up the in-\\ncline, while at the top still other men\\nsorted them, rejecting those which were\\nnot good and sending far into the dark\\ninterior those which were later destined\\nto bring summer comfort to Baltimoreans.\\nWhile some reap fortunes from the riv-\\ner s ice, others get disaster. In the first\\nspring days, when the ice up the river is\\nsplitting and breaking, it is liable to jam\\nand form great gorges in the narrow parts\\nand then suddenly release the waters\\ndammed by it so as to cause vast floods\\nto sweep down upon the towns of Havre\\nde Grace and Port Deposit. Every few\\nyears this occurs, leaving disaster and in-\\ncalculable damage in its wake.\\nIn many homes in this region there are\\npictures representing the famous ice rail-\\nroad across the river at this point. There\\nwas no bridge here then, and the scheme\\nof travel included a transfer from Havre\\nde Grace to Perryville by a steamboat.\\nAn ice gorge in the winter of 1851-2 so\\ncompletely blocked navigation that the\\ncompany laid tracks upon the ice, and\\nfrom January 15 to February 24 passed\\nover them 10,000 tons of freight, baggage\\nand mails in 1,378 cars. The mode of\\nhandling the traffic was by the use of\\nlocomotives on either side. By one the\\ncar was given a start down an inclined\\nplane from the tracks to the surface of\\nthe ice. This start caused the cars to\\nrun out on the ice a considerable distance,\\nwhen they were hauled by horses to the\\nfoot of the inclined slope on the opposite\\nshore, where, by means of a locomotive\\nand ;i cable, they were lifted to the level\\nof the permanent tracks.\\nIn 1857 a similar gorge took place, and\\nit not being deemed safe to have a rail-\\n177", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "road on the ice, a plank road was laid\\nthere, and passengers walked, while the\\nbaggage and freight were pulled over by\\nhorse. Since 1866 the bridge has been\\nused.\\nOf the two goodly-sized towns nere near\\nthe mouth of the Susquehanna I think the\\npalm for attractive location must go to\\nPort Deposit. A ridge goes up precipi-\\ntously from the river banks, and Port De-\\nposit was thus forced to grow in a long,\\nnarrow line north and south. Viewed\\nfrom a boat on the broad river the town\\nis a pretty picture, for its long row of\\nhomes and stores has a charming back-\\nground in the green hills.\\nThe river is the only place from which\\nto get a good view of the remarkable\\nhanging gardens back of the handsome\\nhome of the late Jacob Tome, a million-\\naire to whom Port Deposit owes most of\\nits happiness and prosperity. Originally\\nthe hill rose in uncouth fashion h gh be-\\nhind the house and away above its tower\\nand mansard roof. Through blasting and\\nhard work by masons a series of stone ter-\\nraces was built all the way up the hillside\\nand then covered with vines, forming a\\ngarden landscape which is unique.\\nIn the mansion at the foot Mr. Tome s\\nwidow still lives, carrying on his enter-\\nprises and his charities with marked tact\\nand business ability. She is the president\\nof the local national bank, which was\\nfounded by her husband, and is president\\nof the Board of Trustees of the Jacob\\nTome Institute, whose square, red brick\\nhome is on the river side, almost imme-\\ndiately in front of the mansion. This in-\\nstitution was planned by Mr. Tome as a\\nmodel free public school for all grades,\\nwhich should be free, first to the children\\nof Port Deposit, then to the children of\\nthe county. Cecil, then to the children of\\nMaryland and then to American children\\ngenerally. It had been in operation nine\\nyears when the founder died, last year,\\nand its success was such that he pro-\\nvided liberally for its maintenance, the en-\\ndowment being, it is said, about $4,000,000.\\nThe school has reopened this week for\\nthe wintor in charge of a new principal,", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "formerly head master of Lawrenceville\\nschool. I was told that fine new buildings\\nare to be erected on the ridge back of the\\ntown.\\nA short distance north from the insti-\\ntute is another evidence of Mr. Tome s\\nliberality to his fellow-citizens. This is\\nthe Tome Memorial Methodist Episcopal\\nChurch, one of the handsomest rural\\nchurches in this country. It was erected\\n28 years ago at a cost of $65,000.\\nMr. Tome was a native of York county,\\nPennsylvania, a poor boy, who first made\\nmoney in handling a good share of the\\nlumber trade which used to reach Port\\nDeposit in rafting days. Subsequently he\\ndealt in fertilizers, then did a big bank-\\ning business and used his capital to de-\\nvelop many transportation and business in-\\ndustries.\\nPort Deposit s chief industry today is Its\\nquarries. A fine quality of granite is\\ntaktn from the hillside at the north end\\nof the town. Several hundred men find\\nemployment there. The total population\\nof the town is about 2,000.\\nThe story of Port Deposit is more re-\\ncent than that of Havre de Grace. There\\nwas a ferry kept across the river by the\\nafterward noted Thomas Cresap, but Port\\nDeposit was not named and was not even\\na village until it became the lower termi-\\nnus of the old Maryland Canal, which was\\nbuilt about a hundred years ago on the\\neast side of the river from the State line,\\nand of which there are only traces now.\\nThere is a tale of this region more ro-\\nmantic than any found along the entire\\nSusquehanna. It concerns the fortunes of\\na daredevil cousin of one of the Lords\\nBaltimore, George Talbot. Much of It\\nreads like the wildest fiction. I am keep-\\ning it for my last letter.\\n179", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "XXII.\\nGEORGE TALBOT S CAVE.\\nOn Watson s Island, Md., in the\\nMouth of the Susquehanna, Sept. 15.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nFrom where I stand now. on the north\\nend of this historic island, I can plainly\\nsee a mass of rock rising naked and al-\\nmost straight up for several hundred feet\\nabove the east bank of the river about\\nhalf a mile below Port Deposit.\\nUntil some years ago there was a cave\\nin that high hill, which has from time\\nimmemorial been known as Mount Ararat.\\nTraditions of the country hereabouts as-\\nsert that in that cave George Talbot, a\\ncousin of the Lords Baltimore, hid during\\nthe excitement which followed his killing\\nof Christopher Rousby, a royal tax col-\\nlector, in October, 1684.\\nThis concealment in a cave was but one\\nof many such incidents in George Talbot s\\ncareer. Indeed, his adventures in Mary-\\nland read more like the developments of\\na sensational thread of fiction than the\\nplain narrative of history. Yet it is a\\nstory well known as fact to the readers\\nof the history of colonial Maryland and\\none that is frequently recalled.\\nGeorge Talbot owned, through the favor\\nof his cousin, the lord proprietary, one of\\nthe most extensive tracts of land ever\\ngranted in Maryland. It included all the\\ncountry between Octoraro creek and North\\nEast river. The Octoraro empties into\\nthe Susquehanna on its east side half a\\ndozen miles above Port Deposit. North\\nEast river flows into the Chesapeake bay\\nseveral miles east of the mouth of the\\nSusquehanna. Both streams have their\\norigin in Pennsylvania some miles north\\nof the Maryland line. Consequently the\\n180", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "tract granted to George Talbot included a\\ngood slice of what is now Cecil county,\\nMaryland, and another good bit of Ches-\\nter county, Pennsylvania.\\nSusquehanna Manor was the name\\nwhich Lord Baltimore applied in the grant\\nto Talbot, who is described in the deed as\\nour right trusty and right well-beloved\\ncousin and councilor, George Talbot, of\\nCastle Rooney, in the county of *Roscom-\\nmon, in the Kingdom of Ireland, Esq.\\nWe of the present day are so accustomed\\nto living under a republic that it seems\\nhard to comprehend that Susquehanna\\nManor was intended to be a genuine\\nfeudal estate, in which George Talbot as\\nlord of the manor was absolute master.\\nHe was expressly authorized to dispense\\njustice through manorial courts whenever\\nhe so elected, and he introduced from Ire-\\nland a body of retainers and tenants ready\\nto do his bidding as their lord. In his\\npalmy days he had a company of mounted\\nrangers, whose duty it was to scour the\\ncountry and repel the attacks of hostile\\nIndians. A line of blockhouses extended\\nfrom the Susquehanna back into the ex-\\ntremes of the manor, and signals were\\nestablished for the purpose of calling the\\n(dan together. Beacon fires on the\\nhills, the blowing of horns and the firing\\nof three musket shots in succession, either\\nin the daytime or at night, gave notice of\\napproaching danger and called this border\\nchieftain s followers together.\\nIn another interesting way George Tal-\\nbot transplanted the customs of the mid-\\ndle ages to Maryland. He was fond of\\nthe then decaying sport of hunting with\\nhawks, called falconry, and he brought\\nwith him when he came to Maryland, in\\n1680, several of his trained falcons, and\\nwith them pursued game in the Susque-\\nhanna hills. Traditions exist which say\\nthat the falcons supplied him with food\\nwhen he was hidden in the cave already\\nmentioned, and still other traditions as-\\nsert that the falcons remained here long\\nafter George Talbot had left the country,\\nand that they made their home on the\\npeak of Mount Ararat.\\nIt was not mere generosity to a relative\\nwhich induced Lord Baltimore to give Tal-\\n181", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "bot such a big estate. William Penn had\\njust procured a grant for Pennsylvania,\\nand it was evident that the grants over-\\nlapped and that a boundary dispute was\\nto ensue. For this reason Talbot, who\\nwas known to his cousin as an impetuous\\nand courageous Irishman, was given the\\ntract on the border that he might defend\\nhi cousin s rights, and it was expressly\\nstipulated in the grant that within 12\\nyears he was to settle at least 640 immi-\\ngrants there. For the four years from\\n1680 until 1684 Talbot upheld Maryland s\\nend with fidelity, now raiding the planta-\\ntion of some holder of a Penn grant, now\\ngarrisoning a fort in disputed territory.\\nIt is related in quaint fashion in the\\narchives of Pennsylvania how a sheriff of\\nthat State rode up with deputies to such\\na fort and demanded Talbot s authority\\nfor coming there, whereupon, we are told,\\nTalbot, with divers of his company, bade\\nthem stand off, presenting their guns and\\nmuskets against their breasts, and he,\\npulling a paper, commander-like, out of his\\nbosom, said: Here is my Lord Baltimore s\\ncommission for what I do. Then the sher-\\niff bid Talbot and his men depart, but in\\nthe same warlike posture they stood, and\\nin Lord Baltimore s name refused to obey.\\nOne of Talbot s most daring schemes was\\na plan to kidnap William Penn. The noted\\nQuaker in 1683 left his infant city of Phil-\\nadelphia to pay his first visit to that por-\\ntion of his domain about the lower Sus-\\nquehanna. Talbot believed that by sud-\\ndenly seizing Penn he would end the whole\\ndispute. It was a scheme that was worthy\\nof Talbot and of the times. In some way\\nits execution was prevented, most prob-\\nably through a warning to Penn from some\\ncne friendly to the latter s claims.\\nTalbot s murder of Rousby caused a\\ntragic end of his exciting life in Mary-\\nland, but it was done in defense of Lord\\nBaltimore s rights, though it undoubtedly\\nhurt Lord Baltimore s influence in Eng-\\nland. King Charles II was jealous of the\\nprivileges and exemptions of Lord Balti-\\nmore s charter, and his royal tax collectors\\nand agents followed his example by be-\\nhaving with as much tyranny and insult\\n182", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "as they dared. This became so marked in\\nthe case of Rousby and his associate,\\nCapt. Thomas Allen, who was cruising\\nthe Chesapeake in a royal brig, that Tal-\\nbot, in anger, went on board the brig at\\nold St. Mary s to demand an explanation\\nof their conduct. He was at the time a\\ndeputy governor of the province, surveyor-\\ngeneral and president of the provincial\\ncouncil, so that he had abundant author-\\nity for his visit.\\nTalbot, Allen and Rousby got into a vio-\\nlent quarrel on the brig, and when Talbot\\nwished to go on shore he was prevented\\nfrom doing so. Then he drew a dagger\\nand stabbed Rousby to the heart. Allen\\ncarried Talbot as a prisoner to Virginia,\\nrefusing to surrender him to the Mary-\\nland authorities for trial.\\nThe next incident in Talbofs career is\\nnot the least interesting. It was his res-\\ncue from Gloucester gaol by his wife and\\na few devoted retainers. In midwinter\\nthey sailed down the Chesapeake in Tal-\\nbot s yacht, called a shallop, and landed\\nabout 20 miles from Gloucester, where two\\nof Talbot s faithful followers, Phelim Mur-\\nray and Hugh Reilly, mounted swift\\nhorses and started for the prison. There,\\nby Irish wit and suavity, they accom-\\nplished the release of Talbot and brought\\nhim back in safety to the vessel on which\\nhis wife waited. Then they made the best\\nof speed back to Susquehanna Manor.\\nIn the hue and cry which followed the\\nescape Talbot bethought him of the cave\\non Mount Ararat s steep hillside. It was\\na natural formation in the granite bluff,\\nabout 12 feet wide, 10 feet high and 20\\nfeet deep. Its exact location was on the\\nnorthern end of the hill, not far above\\nthe river and near Herring run, the little\\nstream which runs into the river there.\\nUntil 30 years ago the cave was an object\\nof much attention on the part of the curi-\\nous in the neighborhood, but finally it\\nwas removed by blasting the rocks which\\nsurrounded it in order to use them for an\\nimprovement in river navigation.\\nTo this cave Talbot repaired. He had\\nwith him a flaxen wig and other means of\\ndisguise, and he was kept supplied with\\n183", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "information and food by several faithful\\nfollowers, among them Richard Touch-\\nstone, who subsequently came into pos-\\nsession of Mount Ararat and the cave. It\\nseems probable that Talbot did not make\\na continuous stay in the cave, but fre-\\nquently ventured forth in his boat for a\\nsail upon the river and bay.\\nFinally, to save his friends further anx-\\niety, the courageous Irishman voluntarily\\nsurrendered himself and was in April,\\n1686, tried in Virginia and convicted of\\nthe murder of Rousby. But his noble\\nkinsman. Lord Baltimore, was prepared\\nfor the emergency and had obtained from\\nthe King and sent over a pardon.\\nWith his influence lost because of his\\ncrime, Talbot did not remain long upon\\nSusquehanna Manor after his return to it\\nfrom Virginia. He went back to Ireland,\\ntook part in the struggle between James\\nII and the Protestants, and after the\\ndownfall of the Stuarts entered the serv-\\nice of France in the noted Irish Brigade,\\nwith which he was killed in battle.\\nThere remains no trace of the manor\\nhouse or feudal home which Talbot had\\nbuilt on Principio creek near Principio\\nFalls, a few miles back from the Sus-\\nquehanna and near the spot where the\\nPrincipio Iron Furnace has been located\\nfor nearly 200 years. Lord Baltimore sub-\\nsequently made new grants of the vast\\nquantity of land embraced in Susquehanna\\nManor, and with the manor utterly gone,\\nthe home on Principio gone and the cave\\non Mount Ararat gone, there is now\\nnaught to recall the romantic story of\\nGeorge Talbot save the records of history.\\nInto what the lower end of the Susque-\\nhanna might have developed had Talbot\\nretained his feudal power no one can guess.\\nThis evening we leave the Susquehanna.\\nFor a month we have journeyed beside it,\\nand the promise of beauty and historic\\ncharm which induced us to start upon such\\na jaunt has indeed been well kept. Few\\nrivers could do so much. With memory s\\naid this one shall ever be cherished.\\n184", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3517", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3812", "width": "2537", "jp2-path": "downhistoricsusq00bump_0196.jp2"}}