{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2732", "width": "1720", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2617", "width": "1642", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2629", "width": "1632", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "Digitized by tine Internet Arcliive\\nin 2011 witli funding from\\nTine Library of Congress\\nlittp://www.arcliive.org/details/observationsOOIiick", "height": "2644", "width": "1382", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2593", "width": "1556", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "v^", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2636", "width": "1446", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Ratcliffc Hicks.", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "OBSERVATIONS\\nBY\\nRATCLIFFE HICKS\\n^be Iknicherbockec ffircsa\\nmew igorh\\niSqq", "height": "2637", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVED,\\nRegister cf Sct:yi%fctSfc\\nCopyright, iSgg\\nBY\\nRATCLIFFE HICKS\\nTHE LIBRARY\\nOF CONGRESS\\nWASHIN GTOH\\nSECOHO\\nCOP^\u00c2\u00bb\\nTEbc IftnicFieibocbcr Iprees, mew Kotit\\ni^ b", "height": "2636", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "To\\nMy Sister\\nMINNIE HELLEN HICKS\\nWHOSE SISTERLY LOVE AND DEVOTION\\nI HOLD AS ONE OF THE MOST PRECIOUS\\nAND SACRED TREASURES OF MY LIFE\\nI Dedicate this Book.", "height": "2625", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2628", "width": "1550", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION\\nAAT HOEVER cares to peruse\\nthese pages will soon learn\\nthat they contain no studied descrip-\\ntion and no learned dissertation, but\\nare simply the offhand utterances of\\na man who for twenty-five years was\\ndeeply absorbed in business cares,\\nand who has jotted down, from time\\nto time (i 898-1 899), a few observa-\\ntions for his own amusement and\\noccupation, while compelled to seek\\nrest and recreation in foreign lands.\\nI beg the kind indulgence of the\\nreader, and ask him to remember\\nhow and why they were written.\\nRatcliffe Hicks.", "height": "2616", "width": "1560", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2642", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "OBSERVATIONS\\nFIRST LETTER\\nA FTER a delightful voyage across\\nthe Atlantic I arrived in Havre.\\nMost of the way it was like the waters\\nof Long Island Sound.\\nThe novelty of European life and\\nscenery has worn off for me, after\\nhaving crossed the Atlantic Ocean\\nover forty times. More than a whole\\nyear of my life I have spent on that\\nocean. I often think that it is a\\ngreat mistake to visit any place more", "height": "2635", "width": "1520", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "2 Observations\\nthan once, and even to stay too long\\nthere, for first impressions soon dim\\nthe best and most enjoyable of\\nall and the place loses its marked\\naspects, and its memories fade into\\nindistinctness. I think that is the\\nopinion of all travelers. Who would\\nnot like to remember New York,\\nLondon, or Paris, as it appeared to\\nhim on his first visit\\nBut no matter how many times you\\nvisit Europe there are some things\\nthat will ever appear new or odd to\\nan American\\nTo see cattle drawing heavy loads\\nby their horns, and not their shoul-\\nders, and cows used in place of oxen.\\nTo see men and women wearing\\nwooden shoes that perhaps their", "height": "2641", "width": "1662", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Observations 3\\nfathers and grandfathers before them\\nwore.\\nTo see women and dogs hitched\\nup together, drawing heavy loads.\\nIt is estimated that in Germany-\\nwomen and dogs do more hauHng\\nthan all the combined railroads.\\nTo see cemeteries where they dig\\nup the bodies after four years, saving\\nonly the skulls, cleaning and mark-\\ning them, and arranging them family-\\nwise in a great open vault as is done\\nin parts of Austria.\\nTo see the ever present soldier and\\nthe omnipotent officer on horseback,\\nand in many countries of Europe con-\\nsidered the only human being worthy\\nto be commemorated by a public\\nstatue.", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "4 Observations\\nTo see on Sunday gowned priests\\nattending horse-races, and likewise\\nstern Lutheran clergymen rolling ten-\\npins in public places.\\nTo see aged and respectable men\\nand women sitting around a public\\ngaming-table as if they were attend-\\ning an afternoon tea.\\nTo see men kissing each other on\\nthe streets.\\nTo see most Frenchwomen pull up\\ntheir dresses waist-high to find the\\npocket they now put in their petti-\\ncoat.\\nThese and a hundred other pecul-\\niarities can never fail to make a fresh\\nimpression upon an American.\\nBy traveling you soon learn that\\nhuman nature is about the same the", "height": "2637", "width": "1670", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Observations 5\\nworld over, and not to think too\\ndespairingly of any nation. Just as\\nthere are good and bad Americans,\\nthere are good and bad French-\\nmen, Englishmen, Irishmen, Germans,\\nSpaniards, Chinese, and Negroes.\\nI dislike to hear people speak dis-\\nrespectfully of any nation. They\\nall have their good qualities and\\ntheir faults, the same as we Ameri-\\ncans. I have never had or seen\\nany trouble about getting along any-\\nwhere, and no one will if they only\\nobserve the Golden Rule, Do unto\\nothers as you would that they should\\ndo unto you. Your pocketbook\\nmay suffer a little, but your life\\nand property will be well cared\\nfor.", "height": "2637", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "6 Observations\\nI detect more good than evil in Humanity\\nLove lights more fires than hate extin-\\nguishes.\\nOne thing I do like about all these\\nEuropean nations is their strict ob-\\nservance of law and order. The life\\nand property of the humblest citizen\\nare as safe as that of any king or\\nemperor. It has been well said that\\neach man s house is his castle, that\\nno king dare molest him, or it, even\\nthough the roof may be open to the\\nwinds and rains, and he himself be\\nclad in rags. You remember the\\nstory of the humble German citizen,\\nwho refused to sell or vacate his\\nhouse in order that the emperor might\\nenlarge his palace, and the emperor\\nhad to wait until the man died.", "height": "2638", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Observations 7\\nSuch an occurrence as happened\\nlast spring in South CaroHna, the\\nmurder of a colored postmaster and\\nhis innocent little daughter while they\\nwere fleeing from his burning home,\\nbecause he was conducting the post-\\noffice therein, never could have hap-\\npened in Europe, not even in despised\\nSpain, in this year of our Lord.\\nMuch less such a horrible act as I\\nread of in the New Or\\\\e3.ns Pi caj 71 ne\\nlast April, the burning of a cabin\\nand a poor sick negro, because he\\nhad the smallpox. They know no\\nState s Rights doctrine in Europe\\nthat makes possible such deeds.\\nAgain, not even the Czar of all the\\nRussias dares to do what a witless\\nboy speculator in Chicago (Leiter)", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "8 Observations\\nlately did, to wit, advance the price\\nof bread to every workingman in the\\nland. Such wild speculation in the\\nnecessities of life never has been and\\nnever will be permitted on any Bourse\\nin Europe. These are some of the\\nadvantages of a life in Europe. I\\nmay in a subsequent letter speak of\\nsome of the disadvantages, for give\\nme America as a home.", "height": "2645", "width": "1678", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "SECOND LETTER\\nT^HERE is one thing we Ameri-\\ncans, with all our boasting, can\\nlearn of other nations the value of\\ncontinued and persistent application\\nfor generation after generation, by\\nfather and son, to the same line of\\noccupation, enabling them thereby to\\nproduce results which, with all our\\ninventive genius, we are not able\\nto equal.\\nIn the city of St. Etienne, perched\\nhigh up on the mountains in the south\\nof France, in little shops no larger\\nand no better than an ordinary\\n9", "height": "2641", "width": "1531", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "lo Observations\\ncountry blacksmith shop in New Eng-\\nland, they produce gun-barrels which\\nfor temper and strength are far su-\\nperior to any that have ever been\\nmanufactured in America. It is a\\nwell-known fact that all the best\\nsporting guns, presumably made in\\nthe United States, have imported\\ngun-barrels.\\nIn far-away Norway, with the rud-\\nest of tools, they are able to chisel\\nand polish stones, and the workman-\\nship cannot be equalled by the finest\\nmachinery ever set up in any quarry\\nin America.\\nOn the west coast of England they\\nhave produced for a century and more\\na broadcloth that, with a seventy per\\ncent, duty in the United States for", "height": "2645", "width": "1662", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Observations 1 1\\nthe last thirty years as an incentive,\\nour manufacturers have not been\\nable to match and English broad-\\ncloth is to-day superior to broad-\\ncloth made in any other part of the\\nworld.\\nThere are no jacks-of-all-trades in\\nEurope. A man does only one sim-\\nple thing, does that all his life, and\\nteaches his children to follow in his\\nfootsteps.\\nIt is one of the claims advanced In\\nfavor of the superiority of the mas-\\nsage treatment at the celebrated\\nwater-cure, Aix-les-Bains, that the\\nmysteries of the profession have been\\nhanded down from father to son from\\ntime immemorial. I think there is\\nmuch in the claim. It is certainly", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "12 Observations\\nthe largest and most successful water-\\ncure on the globe, and something\\nmust have given it this success. For\\nthe cure of rheumatism, gout, and\\nkindred diseases, there is no place\\nlike it probably on either Continent.\\nIt was known to the Romans, and\\nhas since been patronized by all\\nneighboring civilized people. The\\nruins here of extinct Roman baths\\nand other Roman or mediaeval struc-\\ntures are very interesting to visit.\\nTo carry the Illustration a little\\nfarther The physician whom I am\\nconsulting says he speaks from an ex-\\nperience of sixty years in the use of\\nthese waters, he himself having been\\nhere thirty years, and his predecessor\\nthirty years before him.", "height": "2645", "width": "1660", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Observations 13\\nWhile I am writing on this subject,\\nit may be interesting to add, as every\\none knows who has suffered from\\nrheumatism, that there has as yet\\nbeen no drug discovered that can\\ncure the disease, and that a milHon\\ndollars awaits the man who first\\nmakes the discovery.\\nLet me also add that, whether right\\nor wrong, and I will not attempt here\\nto discuss the question, the treatment\\nat Aix-les- Bains varies from that of\\nany similar water-cure, or the practice\\nof any physician in the United States.\\nThe patient disrobes, and two at-\\ntendants massage you while the hot\\nwater is being poured over your body\\nfrom a hose. At the end of ten or\\nfifteen minutes, you are wrapped in", "height": "2632", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "14 Observations\\nflannel blankets, and two men carry\\nyou home in a canopied chair resting\\non two bars, and put you to bed,\\nwhere you are expected to remain a\\nhalf-hour. An attendant from your\\nhotel or boarding-house carries your\\nflannel blankets to the bath-house,\\nand brings home your clothes in a\\nbag. The sight of these canopied\\nchairs in the streets is both amusing\\nand singular. They tell you here to\\neat and drink anything you like,\\nprovided it does not distress you, and\\nnot to take any medicine, if possible\\nto get along without it, but to depend\\nupon the massage in connection with\\nthe natural waters found here in\\nsuch abundance, arguing that medi-\\ncine which is good for one part of", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Observations 15\\nthe body may be bad for another\\npart.\\nThe temperature of the sulphur\\nspring is 1 13 degrees, and of the alum\\nspring 115 degrees Fahrenheit, show-\\ning it comes from a depth of about\\nfour thousand feet.\\nApropos, I might add that last\\nspring it was my misfortune to be\\ntaken down in Chicago, on my way\\nhome from California, with a severe\\nattack of sciatica. After a week s\\ntreatment in a hospital I secured a\\nprivate car and went to Saratoga\\nSprings, and, after a month, to Hot\\nSprings, Virginia. I consulted or\\nemployed in the meantime seven\\ndoctors, and each one condemned\\nall that the other doctors had done", "height": "2629", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "1 6 Observations\\nfor me, and each told me that I was\\nfortunate to be ahve after taking\\nthe previous doctor s dreadful medi-\\ncine. At last I became diso^usted\\nwith the whole business and said\\nTo the dogs with your drugs I\\nwill try what an ocean trip will do,\\nand what the experience of centuries\\nat Aix-les-Bains has taucrht mankind\\nto be the proper treatment for rheuma-\\ntism. I am more than pleased with\\nthe results.\\nThese same doctors gave me six\\ndifferent diet lists. One said I might\\neat all vegetables that grow above the\\nground but nothing that grows in\\nit. The next one said such a doctor\\nwas a fool that death lurked for me\\nin the watery cabbage. One doctor", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Observations 17\\nsaid I might eat carrots, and the next\\nsaid if I did my stomach would be-\\ncome hard and distended Hke a beer\\nbarrel. Another commanded a diet\\nof fish, and the next one scouted the\\nidea, saying I might just as well pour\\nsoapsuds into my stomach. One told\\nme to live mainly on soups, and the\\nnext one when he called found me\\neating soup, and ordered all soups\\ntaken away from me as if I had been\\neating rank poison.\\nSo I pasted all six diet lists to-\\ngether on one page in my scrap-book,\\nand call it my medical crazy quilt, or\\nHippocrates confounded.", "height": "2640", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "THIRD LETTER\\nT^HERE is one thing in which the\\npeople on the Continent have an\\nadvantage over Americans, and es-\\npecially us New Englanders. They\\nknow how to extract more happiness\\nout of life than we do. Whether\\nthey will suffer proportionally in the\\nnext world for whatever advantage\\nthey have gained in this, I leave to\\ntheologians to discuss I simply re-\\ncord the fact.\\nI think no one who has ever visited\\nthese countries has failed to observe\\nhow men, women, and children, the\\niS", "height": "2645", "width": "1666", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "Observations 19\\nwhole family, seem to enjoy their\\npleasures together, and, as often as\\nevery week, if not oftener, they ap-\\nparently plan for some little outing.\\nI am not in favor of work or play on\\nSunday, but if people are happier\\nworking or playing than being Idle,\\nthen above all other things I wish to\\nsee them happy. Thomas Jefferson\\nsaid To be happy one must be\\nbusy. Idleness is the parent of vice.\\nPeople who work or play on Sunday\\nhave had no intellectual training, and\\nwork or play is their only recreation,\\nand they are simply miserable when\\nnot working or playing. This ac-\\ncounts largely for the so-called Con-\\ntinental Sabbath.\\nThe first time I went to Germany,", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "20 Observations\\nmy friends, originally nice New Eng-\\nland people, invited me Sunday after-\\nnoon to accompany them to a fete in\\na neighboring village, and I went.\\nEvery village of any size on the\\nContinent has a fete, lasting ten days\\nor more each year, made up of little\\nshows, and temporary booths for the\\nsale of small wares.\\nIt is remarkable how quickly even\\nthe strictest of American Pharisees\\nconform themselves to the habits and\\ncustoms of Europe. A good Chris-\\ntian woman, a leader in the Sunday-\\nschool at home, and whose father\\nwould not start on a journey until\\nfive minutes after midnight rather\\nthan travel on Sunday, came to\\nParis, and the very first week was", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "Observations 21\\ninvited, and attended a grand recep-\\ntion given by President Carnot at\\nthe Elysee, where music, dancing, and\\nrefreshments were the order of the\\nday. This lady did only what ninety-\\nnine out of every hundred persons\\nwho come to Europe do, only the\\nact may vary in character. While\\nthese people know nothing of the\\nthousand and one comforts that a\\nNew England home possesses, and\\nwhile they are taxed most unmerci-\\nfully to maintain vast standing armies,\\nand while their lot is humble and\\narbitrary, with little chance or hope\\nof ever rising above it, still they are\\nhappy.\\nFactories in Germany shut down\\nhalf an hour about ten a.m., and", "height": "2632", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "22 Observations\\nagain about three p.m., and beer is\\nfurnished to the help. In the fields,\\nmen and women work together, and\\ntheir merry laughter as they go back\\nand forth from their work makes a\\ndyspeptic American envious. None\\nare so poor or ignorant that they do\\nnot know how to dance, and they\\nwill sit for hours, listening to music\\nat street corners, cafes, or parks.\\nI heard the late Rev. S. F. Smith,\\nauthor of the world-famous hymn,\\nMy Country, t is of Thee, say that\\nabout the year 1830 he visited Ger-\\nmany, and was astonished at the\\nsinging in the public schools, a thing\\nthen unknown in America, and after\\nhis return home he wrote that hymn\\nto be sung by school-children. But", "height": "2643", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "Observations 23\\nmen and women as well as children\\nhave been singing it ever since. He\\nsaid he wanted to introduce Into\\nNew England life some of the inno-\\ncent pleasures of the Old World.\\nWhen one goes to Scotland all\\nthis changes, and you are among a far\\ndifferent people. One Sunday I was\\nwalking in the suburbs of Edinburgh,\\nand fell in with a young Scotchman\\nwe walked some miles together. He\\ntold me it was not considered re-\\nspectable to be seen walking or stroll-\\ning about Edinburgh on Sunday, and\\nthat one Monday morning, a few\\nyears before, when he went to his ac-\\ncustomed place in the Glasgow Bank,\\none of the governors or managers\\nsent for him to come to his private", "height": "2637", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "24 Observations\\noffice. He went, and the manager\\nasked him if he did not see him stroll-\\ning on Sunday last, and he said, yes,\\nhe went out for exercise. The man-\\nager replied it did not look well for\\na young man to be seen loitering\\naround the streets on the Sabbath\\nday. He turned and asked me\\nwhere I supposed that man was\\nnow I told him I supposed in\\nHeaven. He replied, Not yet he\\nis in jail.\\nYou will remember the great fail-\\nure of the Glasgow Bank, involving\\nseveral million dollars. It was proven\\nthat these managers had been rob-\\nbing the bank systematically for\\nyears, and although they were old\\nand gray-headed, and some of them", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Observations 25\\nof noble families, the English courts,\\nas they generally do, proved no re-\\nspecter of persons, and punished\\nthem very severely.\\nA friend of mine, an American by\\nbirth, but for a long time a resident\\nof London, told me that one summer\\nhe took a cottage in the Scottish\\nHighlands. His wife on Sunday\\nplayed some sacred music on a piano.\\nThat was something awful for his\\nScotch neighbors, and Monday a dele-\\ngation of ladies called to remonstrate\\nwith his wife against such blasphem-\\nous music on the Lord s Day. In\\nparts of Scotland, Presbyterian fu-\\nnerals are conducted without any re-\\nligious service at the grave, and\\nthe singing of a hymn would be the", "height": "2640", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "26 Observations\\nsignal for a riot. Every traveler\\nknows what a stupid city London\\nis on Sunday, and yet it boasts of\\nthirty thousand bar-maids, and im-\\nmorality wears a bolder and more\\nunblushing front than in any city,\\nChristian or Pagan, on either Hemi-\\nsphere so far as I have visited.\\nThe rulers, or governments, on the\\nContinent take advantage of the con-\\ntented and happy disposition of their\\nsubjects, which no Anglo-Saxon peo-\\nple would submit to for a day.\\nA gentleman in Hamburg, Ger-\\nmany, told me that one day he came\\nhome, and his wife said to him the\\nbutler had been saucy, that she had\\ndischarged him, and he went away\\nthreatening trouble. Sure enough,", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "Observations 27\\nhe went to the poHce station, and re-\\nported that he had overheard this\\ngentleman say, while dining at his\\nown table, The Emperor acted like a\\nfool in leading an orchestra in pub-\\nlic. This orentleman was called to ac-\\ncount, and punished by confinement in\\nhis own house for thirty days. Only\\na few years since, it was a crime for\\nany man in Germany to wear a red\\nneck-tie, or for persons to wear any-\\nthing red, as that was the color\\nadopted by the Socialists, and its\\nwearing was, therefore, condemned\\nby the State, no matter whether the\\nwearer was or was not in sympathy\\nwith Socialism,\\nWhen my mother was In Berlin,\\nand after she had been there the", "height": "2638", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "28 Observations\\nallotted two weeks, the police officer\\ncalled and wanted to know how long\\nshe expected to stay, her income, her\\nbusiness there, etc., as if a woman\\nseventy years old could overthrow\\nthe German Empire, or endanger the\\nlife of her Emperor. Many Ameri-\\ncans refuse to live in Germany, these\\noft-repeated questions and the con-\\nstant surveillance of the police be-\\ncome so annoying. They do not like\\nto live under a Government run, as\\nEmperor William says, by me and\\nGod.\\nHow true it is,\\nUneasy lies the head that wears a crown.", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "FOURTH LETTER\\nA PERSON learns by travelling\\nthat the United States is not all\\nthe world. It is mortifying to hear\\nEnglishmen brag that if they had\\nagreed to the proposals of the Con-\\ntinental powers we would have\\nbeen wiped out on land and sea in\\nour war with Spain. Again, to hear\\nthem brag that they are largely ab-\\nsorbing the business of the United\\nStates, its railroads, its mines, its\\ncoal and iron deposits, its breweries\\nand wineries, its thread factories, its\\nmachinery factories, and its wheat-\\nfields, and so on.\\n29", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "30 Observations\\nIt is too true that they are car-\\nrying all our exports and imports\\nin their ships that the price of\\nwheat is largely fixed in London and\\nnot in Chicago, cotton in Liverpool\\nand not in New Orleans, and wool at\\nLondon s annual sales. Over 20,-\\n000,000 acres of land in the United\\nStates are now owned by English cap-\\nitalists, a tract of land about as large\\nas New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa-\\nchusetts, and Connecticut combined.\\nGov. Marshall Jewell once told me\\nthat he sent his agents through South\\nAmerica to sell goods, but found to\\nhis sorrow that all bills would have\\nto be paid through London banking-\\nhouses, and that consequently it\\nwould leave him no profits.", "height": "2654", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Observations 31\\nIn speaking of Jewell, I am reminded\\nthat, when once in Vienna, I heard a\\nman relate how he went with Mr.\\nJewell to solicit an order for the belts\\nin a new factory being erected near\\nthe city. Mr. Jewell told the inter-\\npreter to tell the man, first, that he\\nhad been Governor of Connecticut\\nsecond, that he had been United\\nStates Minister to Russia third, that\\nhe had been Postmaster-General in\\nGrant s cabinet. The man said some-\\nthing in German and the interpreter\\nsmiled. Jewell asked what the man\\nsaid. Why, he says he wonders how\\nso great a man could come so far to\\nsolicit his small order.\\nBut to return to the previous mat-\\nter. When the Englishman gets", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "Z2 Observations\\nthrough bragging, I feel like telling\\nhim that the sun does not shine\\non any so-called civilized land where\\nmore people die daily of starvation,\\nwhere more rao-cred children, more\\nabject poverty, more downright human\\nsufferinor exists, than in the land ruled\\nby England s Queen. The lust for\\nland and wealth has eaten out the\\nheart and the humanity of our Anglo-\\nSaxon cousins, and they are aptly\\nrepresented by their Queen. I have\\nbeen shocked many and many a time,\\nin England, to hear serious English-\\nmen speak so disparagingly of their\\nQueen. It is a common remark\\nOh you Americans may laud\\nour Queen, but she is all for self\\nand her family, and scarcely a mite", "height": "2657", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Observations 33\\nof her immense fortune has she ever\\nbestowed to aid one poor bleeding,\\nsufferinor soul in all her realm.\\nAlas, it is too true, and she compla-\\ncently eats, rides, and sleeps, amid\\nthe most appalling suffering to be\\nfound in any part of the civilized\\nworld, as any one can testify who has\\ntraversed the poorer districts of Lon-\\ndon, Liverpool, or Manchester, to say\\nnothing of the scenes to be witnessed\\nin Ireland, India, and in other parts\\nof her dominions.\\nThe population of France is 38,-\\n000,000, and has registered paupers,\\n290,000. Germany has 52,000,000\\npopulation, and has registered pau-\\npers, 320,000. Italy, poor though it\\nbe, with a population of 29,000,000,", "height": "2640", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "34 Observations\\nhas registered paupers, 270,000, while\\nthe British Islands, with a popula-\\ntion of 37,000,000, have the astound-\\ning number of registered paupers,\\n887,000.\\nIt is these sad sights to be met\\nwith so frequently, that detract from\\nthe pleasures of travel in a foreign\\nland. You may see in one day more\\nwretchedness and poverty than you\\nwill see in a whole lifetime in our\\nblessed New England.\\nThe Czar of Russia has called a\\ncouncil of European nations to see if\\nthere cannot be a step taken towards\\na general disarmament, knowing full\\nwell that in fifty or a hundred years\\nEurope must be ruined either by\\nwar or famine that this increasing", "height": "2645", "width": "1657", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Observations 35\\nmilitary expenditure cannot go on\\nfor ever.\\nSome day I trust there will also be\\na law to prevent the increase of the\\npopulation by the vicious, the sickly,\\nthe incompetent, and the penniless,\\nfor it is a crime which cries to heaven\\nfor vengeance, that innocent little\\nchildren should be thrust into this\\nworld under such dreadful circum-\\nstances, and born to a life of penury\\nand suffering.\\nIt is one of the anomalies of nature\\nthat population increases most rapidly\\nin famine-infected districts, as is\\nshown by recent statistics in India.\\nIt is all very well for Ella Wheeler\\nWilcox to write sentimental poetry\\non Babyland and the Stork, but", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "3^ Observations\\nthe stork does n t light more than\\nonce out of ten times in the right\\nplace. Society has got to protect it-\\nself, or be in the end swamped by\\nhuman vermin. Education or colo-\\nnization does n t solve the problem.\\nThe Lord helps those people and\\nnations that help themselves. Self-\\npreservation is the first law of na-\\nture alike for the individual and the\\ncommonwealth. An ounce of pre-\\nvention is worth a pound of cure.\\nThe French population is the only\\none in Europe that remains the same,\\nbirths and deaths being about equal,\\nand hence largely their prosperity.\\nThere is a place for every child that\\nis born, but even here the births are\\nin too large a proportion among the", "height": "2645", "width": "1671", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Observations zi\\nlow and irresponsible element of\\nsociety.\\nPerhaps, however, I take a wrong\\nview, and perhaps it is better to steel\\nyour heart against all the suffering you\\nsee in your travels in Europe, and\\ncharge it up to the Almighty. Some\\npeople have charged enough misery\\nin the last six thousand years to the\\naccount of the Almighty to make the\\nstones in the streets shed tears,\\nand they would still add to the\\naccount.\\nIt is not the men and women for\\nwhom my heart bleeds, but it is for\\nthe poor, half-starved, ragged, sad-\\nvisaged children that thwart your\\npath in every city in Europe. I\\nwould orive them dollars where I\\n3", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "38 Observations\\nwould give pennies to those brutal,\\nworthless outlaws, our Cuban allies.\\nIn contrast to Queen Victoria\\nthere is one ruler in Europe who\\nhas devoted his whole life conscien-\\ntiously to the welfare of his people,\\nand is revered by all Emperor Fran-\\ncis Joseph of Austria, the most simple\\nand unpretentious ruler in the world\\n(yet the lot of the laborer is lament-\\nable). I saw him at his palace at\\nIschl, a plain, ordinary chateau, and\\ndriving unattended in not so good an\\nequipage as many a Connecticut man\\nboasts. Every year twelve paupers\\nare selected from the public poor-\\nhouses in Vienna, and are taken to a\\nchurch where this same gray-haired,\\nvenerable Emperor, in accordance", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "Observations 39\\nwith a very ancient custom, washes\\ntheir feet. But it is said that their\\nfeet are already scrupulously clean, as\\nthese men have been preparing a\\nyear for the rite. It is a ceremony\\nwhich, once seen, however, is never to\\nbe forgotten.", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "FIFTH LETTER\\nf CANNOT help noticing the mar-\\nvellous changes that have taken\\nplace in the twenty years since I first\\nvisited Europe. Cities like London,\\nParis, Berlin, and Vienna have shown\\nthe same development and progress as\\nour own New England cities. It will\\nnot do to think that all the world\\nstands still, and only America pro-\\ngresses.\\nFrance has risen Phoenix-like from\\nher ashes, and has made as much pro-\\ngress in the last twenty-five years, if\\nnot more, than any nation on the\\n40", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Observations 41\\nglobe. These twenty-five years and\\nlittle more, since the Franco-Prussian\\nwar, she would not exchange for any\\nprevious one hundred years in her\\nhistory.\\nEmperor William knows to-day\\nthat she is a foe worthy of his steel.\\nNever was she so ably led, so strongly\\narmed, so honestly governed, thanks\\nto Bismarck and Von Moltke, w^ho\\ndrove the worthless Napoleon III.\\nfrom the throne, and put the Govern-\\nment In the hands of the people, and\\nthereby established a Republic which\\nis proving a warning and a lesson to\\nthe monarchical governments of Eu-\\nrope. The training of centuries\\nhas taught the French people the\\nfundamental principles of national", "height": "2625", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "42 Observations\\nprosperity and growth, to wit in-\\ndustry and economy.\\nI well remember one day standing\\non the rue de Rivoli in Paris and see-\\ning a long line of peasants, men and\\nwomen, in their blue blouses, with\\ntheir lunch baskets. I asked what It\\nall meant, and was told that the next\\nday at 9 a.m. the new Government\\nLoan was open for application, and\\nthese people would stand there in line\\nall night to be on hand at the open-\\ning. A sight I venture you can see\\nin no other country. The peasantry\\nof France are more contented and\\nprosperous than the peasantry of\\nAmerica, England, Germany, or\\nany other nation, and that is the\\nreason they seldom emigrate. The", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Observations 43\\nprosperity of the farmer is the only\\nreal substantial basis of the prosper-\\nity of any people. In France there\\nare only 8 paupers to looo popula-\\ntion, while in Ireland 23, in Scotland\\n24, and in England 28.\\nNapoleon I. will be commended\\nin history as long as civilization lasts\\nfor two thinofs first, the establish-\\nment of the Code Napoleon, reduc-\\ning to elementary principles the laws\\ncontrolling the life and property of\\nFrench subjects and, secondly, the\\nannihilation of great landed estates,\\nand the distribution of the land\\namong the common people.\\nOne half of the population of\\nFrance is enraged in ao^riculture.\\nThe ninety million acres under cul-", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "44 Observations\\ntivation are divided amone five and\\na half millions of proprietors, most of\\nwhom own less than six acres. At\\nthe close of the Franco-Prussian war\\nGermany exacted a subsidy or penalty\\nof $200,000,000, and the German\\narmy was, by the treaty, to garrison\\nFrance until that sum was paid with\\ninterest. Bismarck calculated that it\\nwould take from twenty to thirty\\nyears for France to recover from the\\nravages of the war and to pay off\\nthis debt. It has always been urged\\nthat Bismarck was outwitted by\\nFavre, the French representative who\\nnegotiated the treaty, as he imposed\\nupon Bismarck as to the magnitude of\\nthe indemnity by claiming that it\\nwould take a train of eighty freight", "height": "2645", "width": "1659", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "Observations 45\\ncars, packed solid with gold, to trans-\\nport the two hundred million dollars\\nindemnity from Paris to Berlin, or\\na train of drays more than half a\\nmile long. But the very first year\\nafter the war the French Govern-\\nment called for a loan of two hun-\\ndred million dollars to pay off this\\ndebt, and the peasantry of France\\nwent down into their old blue stock-\\nings, and subscribed the amount thirty\\ntimes over, much to the chagrin of\\nBismarck, and the German army had\\nto be withdrawn.\\nIn Germany it is entirely different,\\nfor Germany, with all her progress, is\\nwretchedly poor. Out of every looo\\nmen 920 have less than $225 income\\na year, and out of this $225 they", "height": "2633", "width": "1526", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "46 Observations\\nmust support their families. That Is\\na picture of poverty literally appalling.\\nOnly 20 men out of every 10,000 have\\nan income of more than $2375 a\\nyear, and 29,000,000 out of 32,000,000\\nlive on an income of less than 62\\ncents a day. No wonder they emi-\\ngrate. No wonder they are socialists.\\nNo wonder Emperor William trem-\\nbles for his throne.\\nAll the governments of Continental\\nEurope have exhaused nearly every\\nknown means of raising taxes. I\\nhave not time to begin to enumerate\\nthe most odious. One day I was go-\\ning to Germany and I had in the car\\nfour oranges. They made me pay\\nduty on them. A friend of mine\\nbrought a cake from Paris to give to", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Observations 47\\nhis sister, who was at school in Ger-\\nmany, and they made him pay duty\\non it. In Germany you must pay an\\nincome tax if your income exceeds\\n$255 a year.\\nAt the entrance of every city in\\nFrance there are officers who exact\\nduties (they are called octroi duties)\\nfor everything brought into the city\\nby the farmer, the butcher, the milk-\\nman, etc. If you hire an apartment\\nin France by the year, besides the\\nrent to the landlord you must pay\\ntaxes to the Government for the front\\nwindows, and also. for the balcony if\\nthere is one.\\nAt many of the watering-places in\\nEurope, if you stay two weeks you\\nmust pay a tax to the local authorities.", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "4^ Observations\\nAt Carlsbad the tax is equivalent to\\n$3, and as over 50,000 people visit\\nthat place every summer, this tax is a\\ngreat source of revenue.\\nIn Spanish countries a farmer can-\\nnot slaughter his own animals, like\\nsheep or swine, until he has first paid\\nthe tax, and again can sell nothing off\\nhis farm until he pays for a license.\\nIt would seem as if the devil himself\\nhad had a hand in crrindinof the toil-\\ning masses of Europe.\\nNo leading power in Europe will\\ncommence a serious war in our life-\\ntime, for the want of funds. They\\nare all on the defensive. A distin-\\nguished author has lately argued\\nthat the next great naval war will\\nturn on the supply of coal that", "height": "2657", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "Observations 49\\nevery man-o -war would soon ex-\\nhaust its supply, and that if all neu-\\ntral ports were closed no coal could\\nbe obtained when outside their own\\nports. Coaling stations in distant\\nparts of the world would soon be\\nexhausted or destroyed. This writer\\nclaims that a combination of miners\\nat a critical period, and a refusal to\\nmine more coal, would paralyze any\\nnation, as it takes three years train-\\ning to make a successful miner. The\\nFranco-Prussian war lasted only six\\nmonths, and cost France in money,\\nin one way and another, according to\\nthe best authorities, $1,800,000,000.\\nWar to-day is a question of money, a\\nbattle of dollars, and no nation cares\\nto take the risk of bankrupting itself", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "50 Observations\\nby engaging in a war with its\\nequal.\\nThey are all like the big bully who\\nkicks a poor lame, friendless boot-\\nblack, but doffs his hat to a police-\\nman as if he were a king.\\nThey will all shoot for amusement\\neach year a few hatless, shoeless,\\nhomeless savages in Africa, or Asia,\\nbut they want no war near at home.\\nA prominent clergyman of the\\nEstablished Church only recently\\nsaid I am sorry for the thousands\\nwhom England lets die every year of\\npreventable diseases, because we are\\ntoo busy or too comfortable to save\\ntheir lives comforting ourselves with\\nthe thought that we did not make the\\nworld and are not responsible for it.", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "SIXTH LETTER\\n/^^N my first trip to Europe, years\\nago, I commenced my travels,\\nas do most people, by visiting the\\nruins in England and Scotland, of\\nwhich all Englishmen are so proud,\\nand about which they never tire of\\ntalking.\\nThese ruins date back from three\\nto six hundred years, to about the\\ntime America was settled. I admired\\nthem, and justly, for our ancestors\\nbuilt them, and it is about all that\\nis left to tell us that we ever had any\\nEnglish ancestors.\\n51", "height": "2629", "width": "1583", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "52 Observations\\nIt was hard for me to get as en-\\nthusiastic over these EngHsh ruins as\\nmany people do. You have only to\\ngo back eighteen or twenty genera-\\ntions, a mere speck on the dial of\\ntime, to find that the ancestors of\\nthese same Englishmen were nearly\\nunclad savages, roaming through the\\nforests of Northern and Central\\nEurope, and indulging in cruelties\\nthat make a North American Indian\\nappear respectable. The word An-\\nglo-Saxon is derived from the names\\nof two heathen nations. Angles and\\nSaxons, who invaded England about\\nA.D. 450, drove out the Christians,\\nand have ever since remained the\\ndominant race in the British Isles.\\nOne day I visited the Castle at", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "Observations 53\\nNuremberg, that quaint and most\\ninteresting old city in Germany, and\\nlooked at the laree collection of in-\\nstruments of torture, and lost in one\\nhour all my respect and adoration\\nfor the ancestors of my English\\nancestors.\\nAfter all, the world is mostly inter-\\nested in what manner of a man you\\nare, and not so much whether your\\nancestor three or four generations\\nback was a fifer in the Continental\\narmy, or an orderly and groomed\\nGeorge Washington s horse or\\nwhether, twenty generations back,\\nthey herded with wild animals in the\\njungles of Central Europe or whether,\\nsixty generations back, they were at\\nthe sacking of Rome, and helped", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "54 Observations\\nwith fiendish glee in, the destruction\\nof beautiful statues, paintings, libra-\\nries, and every vestige of a marked\\ncivilization.\\nOnce, in the British Parliament,\\nwhen some one twitted Disraeli of\\nbeing a Jew, and that his ancestors\\nmurdered the Saviour of mankind, he\\nreplied: It may be true that my\\nancestors hung Christ to the cross,\\nbut at that time your English an-\\ncestors were prowling through Cen-\\ntral Europe, clad in skins, and living\\nin trees or caves, subsisting on roots\\nand berries, and chattering in an\\nunlettered and an unintelligible gib-\\nberish.\\nWhen I crossed to the Continent I\\nbegan to see older ruins, and the Eng-", "height": "2645", "width": "1662", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Observations 55\\nlish ruins crrew tame and uninterestinor.\\nWhen I saw a building a thousand\\nyears old, I began to realize the\\ndimness of history how the history of\\nmankind fades back into a fathomless\\ndarkness, which no man is able to com-\\nprehend or explain, and about which\\nhe can only speculate or conjecture.\\nIt is almost beyond belief, but\\nnevertheless true, that Italy derives\\nmore income yearly from her world-\\nfamous ruins than from all her agri-\\ncultural and manufacturing industries\\ncombined. Even in ordinary years,\\nforeign sightseers spend over 300,-\\n000,000 francs in Italy.\\nAs I went farther East the ruins\\nbecame older and more venerable,\\nuntil I stood, at Athens and Rome,", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "56 Observations\\namid ruins that have survived the\\nrack of twenty centuries, ruins that\\nwere old when Christ was born.\\nAs I stood there I thought, what do\\nwe owe, if anything, to these nations\\nthat have perished, and now hve only\\nin history, and in these mute but\\nmighty ruins. We think we owe them\\nnothing. On the other hand, no man\\ncan measure what we owe to these by-\\ngone nations in the development of\\na spoken and written language, in art,\\nscience, philosophy, jurisprudence,\\nand in literature and learning. Every\\nsentiment in the Declaration of In-\\ndependence, and every principle of\\nliberty enunciated in our Constitution,\\nwas taught by the Athenians, who\\ndid more for human liberty than", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "Observations 57\\nany other people, past or present. A\\nrenowned writer, one of the greatest\\nof modern literary artists, has said\\nAll the triumphs of truth and genius\\nover prejudice and power, in every\\ncountry and in every age, have been\\nthe triumphs of Athens. No man\\nhas yet appeared, endowed with\\nlearning so vast, with patience so\\ninexhaustible, and with time and\\ntalents so illimitable as to be able to\\nenumerate or epitomize all that is\\nvaluable, which has been transmitted\\nto us from these dead and obliterated\\nnations.\\nAs I wandered through the British\\nMuseum, and that other wonderful\\nmuseum of Roman and Grecian\\nantiquities at Naples, I got a glimpse", "height": "2628", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "58 Observations\\nof a civilization that paralleled, and\\nin some respects excelled, our own.\\nI have not the time to enumerate the\\nlarge number of articles I saw in\\nthose museums which we have now\\nin daily use so many things we\\nthink are modern. A Connecticut\\nmanufacturer has grown rich by pat-\\nenting and manufacturing safety pins.\\nI saw exactly the same things that\\nwere taken from the ruins of Pom-\\npeii and are now exhibited in the\\nmuseum at Naples. Perhaps the\\nsports of the ancients were sometimes\\ncruel and their conduct brutal, but not\\nmore so than when three years ago\\nin a prosperous city in America, five\\nthousand people gathered at midday\\nin a public square and shouted with", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "Observations 59\\nfiendish Mee as a neo^ro was beino;\\ntortured and burnt to death.\\nIn readingf an account of Cicero\\nand his contemporaries, I marvelled\\nto learn that the wealthy Romans\\nlived in a sumptuousness of style\\nnot yet equalled by a Vanderbilt or a\\nRockefeller. Modern civilization has\\nproduced no brighter or more endur-\\ning names than Cicero, Demosthenes,\\nPlato, Aristotle, Lycurgus, and Paul.\\nAs yet we know but little of what\\nmight be known of those ancient\\npeople.\\nI was talking with an English\\ntraveler who assisted in unearthing\\nfrom the sands of an Egyptian plain,\\ntwo or three years ago, some of the\\nlost sayings of the Saviour. He said", "height": "2630", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "6o Observations\\nthat they were digging in what was\\nevidently the suburbs of some ancient\\ncity, among the rubbish that had been\\ndumped outside the walls, and said\\nthey had recovered enough manu-\\nscript [papyrus] to occupy them for\\ntwenty years in deciphering and\\ntranslating them, so slow is the work.\\nr It is to be wondered whether when,\\ntwenty centuries hence, some man\\ndelves among the sweepings of aban-\\ndoned and desolated London, he will\\nfind as much to interest him, or to\\ncommend its former inhabitants, as\\nthis Englishman found in the sterile\\nplains of Egypt. It is hard to draw\\na fine line of distinction between our\\nEnglish and our Roman ancestors.\\nThey both marched, exultant and", "height": "2657", "width": "1601", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Observations 6i\\ntriumphant, over the weak and\\nscattered tribes of foreign lands,\\nand carried, one to Rome, and the\\nother to London, the spoils of their\\ndiabolical raids. Rome plunged. In\\na few years, from the Augustan age,\\nthe crowning epoch in her history, to\\nher fall, bowed beneath treachery\\nat home and savage enemies from\\nabroad.\\nThe recent action of the French\\nIn Africa, where It Is proven that they\\nmutilated their captive negroes, cut-\\ntlnof off hands, ears, and dolnof most\\nhorrible deeds of cruelty to the poor,\\ndefenceless, and Ignorant natives, is\\nequally open to condemnation.\\nThe history of England In India\\nand In Central Africa Is but a counter-", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "62 Observations\\npart of Roman history, and you can\\nput one name in the place of the\\nother, and do no injustice to either, i\\nLately I was reading a letter from\\na prominent Englishman in which\\nhe stated that no member of the\\nEnglish Government dared to explain\\nor defend, in Parliament, the conduct\\nof the British soldiers in the recent\\nwar in the Soudan. They gave no\\nquarter, took no prisoners, but tor-\\ntured and killed men, women, and\\nchildren alike.\\nEnough for the present of our new\\nallies, the English.\\nAn English poet has well written\\nYe friends to truth, ye statesmen who survey\\nThe rich man s joys increase, the poor s decay,\\nT is yours to judge, how wide the limits stand\\nBetween a splendid and a happy land.", "height": "2639", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "SEVENTH LETTER\\nA MID all the poverty and wretched-\\nness of these European nations,\\nyou are bewildered and lost at the\\nwealth of the churches. Altars, and\\nstatues of the various saints, are\\nstrewn with jewels, beset with dia-\\nmonds, and covered with jewelry cast\\nthere by repentant and distracted\\nmortals. Behind the altars is wood-\\nwork, inlaid with gold and silver, while\\nthe doorways of these same churches\\nare crowded with sad-visaged, miser-\\nable beggars, men, women and\\nchildren. I could not help thinking,\\n63", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "64 Observations\\nwhy not use some of this immense\\nidle wealth to feed the hungry, and\\nclothe the naked\\nChurches and religious institutions\\nare endowed with lands, and vast\\nproperty possessions, some of it won\\nby wars and confiscations in remote\\nages. It is said that the Greek\\nChurch, the National Church of\\nRussia, is so rich that it alone could\\npay the debt of Russia, amounting to\\nthe fabulous sum of over $4,000,000,-\\n000. The tomb of Mahomet is cov-\\nered with jewels worth, it is esti-\\nmated, $10,000,000.\\nThe Archbishop of Canterbury is in\\nreceipt of a salary of $60,000 a year.\\nThe Archbishop of Austria has a\\nsalary of $150,000, and the Pope", "height": "2657", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "Observations 65\\nan income variously estimated from\\n$1,000,000 to $2,000,000 a year.\\nBishops and Cardinals live in a style\\nand splendor that make a New Eng-\\nlander look aghast, and a Vanderbilt\\nalmost envious. They do all this in\\nthe service of the meek and lowly\\nSaviour, who himself penniless, having\\nnot where to lay his head, sent forth\\nhis apostles with this momentous\\ncharge Go your ways behold I\\nsend you forth as lambs among\\nwolves. Carry neither purse, nor\\nscrip, nor shoes.\\nCanon Farrar, perhaps the most\\nbrilliant orator, and the most learned\\npreacher in the Episcopal Church of\\nEngland to-day, says\\nNowhere can you find, among", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "66 Observations\\nprofessing Christians, a more narrow-\\nminded, bigoted, and resentful set of\\nmen than among the Clergy of the\\nEstablished Church of England, and\\nhe calls some church papers a reptil-\\nian press. The persecution of Dean\\nStanley, and Bishop Colenso bears\\ntestimony to the truth of his words.\\nThe mass of the Protestant and\\nCatholic Clergy of the United States\\nare so far superior to the Protestant\\nand Catholic Clergy of Europe, In\\nlearning, in worthiness, and in all the\\nChristian graces, that no traveler can\\nfail to recognize the value of the\\nfree Institutions of America, even in\\nreligious matters.\\nThank God for America, the only\\nnation on which the circling sun shines,", "height": "2645", "width": "1593", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Observations 67\\nwhere the Church and the State are\\nseparate\\nJefferson wrote from Paris in 1786,\\nwhen his act for the freedom of reh-\\ngion, as passed in Virginia, was be-\\ning printed and spread broadcast\\nthroughout Europe\\nI think our act for Freedom of\\nRehgion will produce considerable\\ngood, even in these countries, where\\nignorance, superstition, poverty, and\\noppression of body and mind in every\\nform, are so firmly settled on the mass\\nof the people, that their redemption\\nfrom them can never be hoped.\\nThere are to-day existing over one\\nthousand distinct relig^ious creeds,\\nand I fear, as a most profound\\nAmerican jurist has lately well said,", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "68 Observations\\nWe are no nearer a universal religion\\nthan were our ancestors two thou-\\nsand or five thousand years ago.\\nFive rulers in Europe wrench from\\nthe tax-payers, and spend In riotous\\nliving, enough annually to pay for all\\nthe public schools, all the poor-houses,\\nall the Insane, and the deaf and dumb\\nasylums. In New England, with Its\\nfive million Inhabitants. These five\\npersons claim the right to do this\\nunder the sham pretence of the divine\\nright of kings to rule and rob the\\npeople. Our forefathers exploded\\nthis humbug over a hundred years\\nago, but it still holds its Iron heel on\\nthe down-trodden masses of Europe,\\nexcept In one or two small countries.\\nI think there Is nothing finer in the", "height": "2645", "width": "1732", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Observations 69\\nEnglish language than the words of\\nthat most gifted son of the South,\\nHenry W. Grady\\nI love this Union because I am\\nan American citizen. I love it be-\\ncause it stands in the light while other\\nnations are groping in the dark. I\\nlove it because here, in this republic\\nof a homogeneous people, must be\\nworked out the great problems that\\nperplex the world and established\\nthe axioms that must uplift and re-\\ngenerate humanity. I love it because\\nI know that its flag, followed by a\\ndevoted people once estranged and\\nthereby closer bound, shall blaze out\\nthe way and make clear the path up\\nwhich all the nations of the earth\\nshall come in God s appointed time.", "height": "2632", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "EIGHTH LETTER\\n/^N my way home, I am looking\\nback and thinking what are the\\nmost marked characteristics of the\\nland I have left behind me in compar-\\nison with the land to which I am\\nbound. I put first its military organ-\\nization, which compels every man to\\nserve at least two years in the army,\\nleaving home, friends, and occupa-\\ntion, for a two years service in what\\nto me, and to most men, seems to\\nbe only a prison life. A reputable\\nGerman told me only recently that\\nunless you had supplies of food\\n70", "height": "2654", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "Observations 71\\nfurnished you from outside, but few\\nconstitutions could endure the two\\nyears without injury. It is not sur-\\nprising, then, that Germans emigrate,\\nand abandon home and friends, to\\navoid this horrid conscription.\\nIt is notorious that the German of-\\nficers treat the privates as Httle better\\nthan animals, and often not as well.\\nNot long since a man in the German\\ncavalry applied to his officer for an-\\nother horse, saying he was unable to\\ncontrol the animal. The officer told\\nhim he must control it, and refused\\nthe man s appeal. In two days the\\nhorse ran away and the man was\\nkilled. Another man was assigned\\nto ride the same horse, and In three\\nmonths more the horse again ran", "height": "2638", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "72 Observations\\naway and killed him. The horse\\nwas still retained, for it is a saying in\\nthe German army that a horse costs\\nmoney, but a man represents only a\\npiece of paper, meaning a conscription.\\nA man who had served two years\\nin the German cavalry told me that\\nhe had often seen men returning\\nfrom cavalry practice with blood\\nstreaming from their boot-legs, so\\nbadly were they chafed by the hard\\nriding exercises through which they\\nwere put, and when they complained\\nto their officers they only got the\\ncold answer that they must continue\\nevery day the same practice until\\nthey became hardened to the saddle,\\nand a wooden saddle at that. Several\\ndoctors have recently been arrested", "height": "2654", "width": "1569", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "Observations 72\\nin Germany for administering pills\\nto conscripts which induced cardiac\\nsymptoms, thus escaping military ser-\\nvice. It seems that one young man\\ndied from an over-dose, and this led\\nto the discovery that some doctors\\nhad carried on a lucrative practice in\\nthis line for a long time past.\\nI have not time to enumerate the\\nawful military expenses that are eat-\\ning out the vitals of Europe, and\\nslowly but surely digging Its financial\\ngrave, taking from honest industry\\nthe fruits of its toll, and grinding Into\\nabject poverty the tolling masses of\\nEurope. In the six years ending in\\n1888 no less a sum than $5,800,000,-\\n000 was spent in France, Germany,\\nAustria- Hungary, Great Britain,", "height": "2640", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "74 Observations\\nRussia, Spain, and Italy for military\\nand naval purposes alone. In the\\nlast twenty-five years France has\\nspent $5,000,000,000 to reconstruct\\nits army.\\nEvery country in Europe is bridled\\nand saddled by a horrid conscripted\\narmy, except England, and many of\\nher leadinof statesmen are advocating-\\nto-day a conscripted army for Eng-\\nland as an absolute necessity, if she\\nis to maintain her place among the\\npowers of the world. The war with\\nthe little Boer Republic in Central\\nAfrica is teaching England the posi-\\ntive necessity of her maintaining a\\nvast standing army, in case of diffi-\\nculty nearer at home and to protect\\nher widely scattered possessions. She", "height": "2657", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Observations 75\\nhas sent almost her last soldier to\\nAfrica, about 80,000, an army which\\nin an European conflict would be ab-\\nsolutely ridiculous.\\nOf course, we must finally come to\\nthe same evil in the United States, if\\nwe are to delve in the politics of\\nEurope and Asia, and carry out the\\nImperial policy of some of our jingo\\nstatesmen. I can only echo, and re-\\necho, the words of the brightest or-\\nnament of the American Episcopal\\nChurch, Bishop Potter It is an\\nunanswerable indictment of the enor-\\nmous folly and essential madness of\\nthe international race for increased\\narmaments ships, and forts, and\\nmen, piled up in ever-greatening pro-\\nportions, until at last the utmost limit", "height": "2641", "width": "1516", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "76 Observations\\nof a nation s resources in men and\\nmoney has been reached the last man\\nhas been dragged from his family the\\nlast shekel has been borrowed from\\nreluctant creditors, and the empire of\\nthe republic makes its wild plunge at\\nlength into irredeemable bankruptcy.\\nAnother marked characteristic of\\nthe countries which I am leavino- be-\\nhind me in comparison to the United\\nStates, to which I am returning, is\\nthe religious intolerance of the one,\\nand the religious toleration of the\\nother. In Spain, by the constitution\\nof 1876, a restricted liberty of wor-\\nship is allowed to Protestants, but it\\nhas to be entirely in private, all pub-\\nlic announcement of the same being\\nstrictly forbidden. The Clergy in", "height": "2656", "width": "1593", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "Observations i^\\nmost European countries is main-\\ntained by the State. Much the same\\nintoleration, strange as It may seem\\nat the close of the nineteenth, and\\nso near the dawn of the twentieth\\ncentury, prevails in many of the\\ncountries of Europe marked as the\\nnineteenth century has been by\\nsuch marvellous progress in art, in\\nscience, in knowledge, and in all\\nthat ministers to the comfort of\\nthe human race.\\nAt the last general election in\\nEngland, Gladstone led the Liberal\\nforces in that memorable contest, in\\nwhich he used this grand appeal.\\nNothing finer has been uttered by\\nman since the memorable sermon of\\nPaul on Mars Hill. With the burden", "height": "2629", "width": "1582", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "78 Observations\\nof eighty-three years on his shoulders,\\nwith a hostile House of Lords, a\\nhostile aristocracy, hostile univers-\\nities, and a hostile Queen, he stood\\nup before ten thousand of his con-\\nstituents in Edinburgh, and threw\\ndown this bold challenge, saying\\nI am not going to discuss details\\nwith you. I represent the youth\\nand hope of England, and her\\nadvancement along ideal paths. The\\nsolution of these questions of the\\nfuture belongs by right to us, who\\nare of the future, and not to you,\\nwho are of the past.\\nAnd this great Liberal party,\\nunder the leadership of this master-\\ngenius of the age, went down In over-\\nwhelming defeat in 1895, because of", "height": "2645", "width": "1731", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "Observations 79\\nthe union of the Clergy and the rum-\\nseller, and not on account of the Irish\\nquestion. The Clergy, because the\\nLiberal party proposed to disestablish\\nthe Church, or in other words, to put\\nan end to the public tithes whereby\\nall denominations are obliged to help\\nsupport the Episcopal Church, and\\nto put every church upon the same\\nequality. The rumsellers joined with\\nthe Episcopal Clergymen to down the\\ngreatest statesman this century has\\nproduced, because it was one of the\\nplanks of the Liberal party that\\nevery community should have the\\nright of local option, so popular in\\nAmerica, and this accounts for the\\nimmense Tory majority in Parlia-\\nment to-day, and this same Tory", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "8o Observations\\nparty pretends now to be so friendly\\nto America and to American inter-\\nests. Heaven save us from such\\nfriends", "height": "2656", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "NINTH LETTER\\nnPR AVE LING has Its pleasures\\nand its discomforts. I often\\nthink its greatest pleasures come\\nafterwards, when you are back in\\nyour old home, or following your old\\nvocations. At the immediate time\\nyou are annoyed by the trials and\\ntiresomeness of the trip, but after-\\nwards these all vanish, and you think\\nof only the pleasant things. I well\\nremember returning on a bleak day\\nin December from my first trip to\\nEurope, and as I stood on the deck\\nof the steamer, coming up New York\\n81", "height": "2641", "width": "1511", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "82 Observations\\nharbor, I remarked to a fellow-pas-\\nsenger that I had had enough of\\nocean traveling and would never\\ncross again. He laughed and said,\\nThat is like what all people say who\\nhave one child, but they soon forget,\\nand others follow so it will be with\\nyou, And so it was.\\nPeople should travel, if possible,\\nbefore they have passed middle life.\\nIt is a great mistake to put off trav-\\neling until you are old and sick, and\\ncan do nothing else. You need to be\\nwell and strong and at your best to en-\\ndure the hardships and to enter with\\nzeal into the pleasures of traveling.\\nAnd then again, the memories are with\\nyou to comfort you, and to broaden\\nyour ideas for all your subsequent life.", "height": "2655", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "Observations 8^\\nDifferent people find different\\nthings to enjoy in visiting a new and\\nstrange country. Some gaze with\\nwonder and go into ecstasy over\\nan old castle or cathedral some\\nrave over the art galleries some\\nprowl around in old and obscure\\nquarters full of filth and dirt, with\\ntheir pants or petticoats knee high,\\nand wonder you have not been there\\nsome climb mountains or grope in\\ncaves and mines full of hair-breadth\\nescapes some seek out all the places\\nwhere vice and wretchedness abide,\\nand chew it all their life long after as\\na sweet morsel.\\nI met a gentleman, a leading citi-\\nzen of Cincinnati, who was on his\\nway home from Japan, and he told", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "84 Observations\\nme he was ashamed to be known as an\\nAmerican in Yokohama. The hotel\\nwas full of American men and women.\\nWomen of the highest respecta-\\nbility at home would organize little\\nparties by themselves, and take a\\nguide and go where even men blush\\nto be seen, the sights are so low and\\ndisgusting. It is strange how the\\nanimal sticks out as soon as we go\\naway from the restraints of home,\\nand Church, and society.\\nFor my part the greatest pleasure\\nI have experienced in all my wander-\\nings throug-h foreio^n lands is to have\\no o o\\nheard Gladstone in the British Par-\\nliament, Gambetta in the French\\nChamber of Deputies, and Crispi in\\nthe Italian Parliament at Rome in", "height": "2657", "width": "1560", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "Observations 85\\nhaving heard Spurgeon and Dean\\nFarrar in their pulpits in having\\nbeen present at the wedding of the\\npresent Queen of Spain, and wit-\\nnessed the accompanying pageant, as\\nno Court in Europe can boast of such\\ngorgeous equipages in having trod\\nthe Appian Way, over which the\\nthundering armies of Rome for so\\nmany centuries marched to and fro\\nwith the spoils of captive nations in\\nhaving stood within the Colosseum s\\nwalls, which even in their ruins attest\\nthe mightiness of an Empire that\\nonce ruled the world, and is to-day\\nno more in havinsf wandered alone\\nthe sad, deserted streets of Pompeii,\\nwhich but as yesterday in the cycle\\nof the ages were instinct with life.", "height": "2645", "width": "1558", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "86 Observations\\nand attesting in their deserted loneli-\\nness too truly the destiny that awaits\\nall men and all nations alike.\\nUnless all history is a lie, a few-\\ncenturies hence, men will wander\\namong the ruins of the Capitol at\\nWashington, and compare its insig-\\nnificant ruins with the marvellous\\nruins of Balboa, Luxor, and Athens,\\nat which the civilization of the nine-\\nteenth century looks aghast, un-\\nable to understand how finite man\\never constructed such magnificent\\nworks. A traveler, who had visited\\nBalboa some twelve times, told me\\nthere were stones used in the temples\\nwhich no livino- man knows how it\\no\\nwas possible to quarry, remove, or\\nelevate to their present positions,", "height": "2655", "width": "1729", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Observations Sy\\nand as for the cement, and the colors\\nin the buildings, modern architects\\ncan neither equal nor comprehend.\\nAnd then, finally, as the sum of all\\nmy pleasures, I must count a trip up\\nthe steep acclivities of Mount Vesu-\\nvius, carried by four Italians, plung-\\ning knee deep most of the way in the\\nloose ashes, until finally I stood on\\nthe very brink of the crater, and\\nlooked down into that seething cauld-\\nron that has been crackling and\\nsmoking certainly from the com-\\nmencement of recorded time, and\\nprobably for ages before. As you\\ngaze, the mysteries that envelop the\\nworld deepen and darken around you,\\nand the puniness of man and the\\nmightiness of nature appall you.", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "88 Observations\\nWalking along the streets of a\\nNew England city, you cannot realize\\nthat there was a time when there was\\nno New England, or that there will\\never be a time when New Engfland\\nwill be no more. But traveling\\nmakes a man humble, realizing how\\nsmall a part he, or his town, or his\\ncity, or his State, or his nation, is\\nplaying in the grand scheme of the\\nuniverse which knows no beginning,\\nand no ending.\\nAstronomers tell us that the sun is\\nthe centre of a vast system of worlds,\\nand beyond this system, at a distance\\nwhich defies all power of calculation,\\nare the fixed stars, each of which\\nstars is supposed to be the centre of\\nanother system of worlds. The body", "height": "2645", "width": "1730", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Observations 89\\nupon which we Hve has been described\\nas less in proportion than the small-\\nest grain of sand to the world, or the\\nfinest particle of dew to the whole\\nocean. How small, how insignifi-\\ncant, then, the part which man plays\\nin the grand march of the universe", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "TENTH LETTER\\nA FTER an absence of three or\\nfour months in the United\\nStates, I am once more back in\\nFrance, February, 1899, pleasantly\\nlocated in Le Vesinet, a beautiful\\nsuburb of Paris, twelve miles out.\\nI read in the Paris New York\\nHerald to-day of the terrible blizzard\\nyou are having in the United States,\\nand can hardly realize that it is true,\\nas the paper states, for I am writing\\nto you by an open window, and\\npansies, violets, and daisies are in full\\nbloom beneath.\\n90", "height": "2645", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "Observations 91\\nThe fields are all as green as in\\nJune with us, and farmers are every-\\nwhere busy cultivating their lands.\\nNot in four years have they had ice\\nenouorh to make skatinof.\\nThis is a country where nothing\\nseems to be lost or thrown away.\\nTo Illustrate in a single instance the\\neconomy of the people, your telegram\\ncomes to you on a small sheet of\\npaper, so folded as to make an enve-\\nlope, and thereby saving the expense\\nof one, in much the same manner as\\nour ancestors folded their letters a\\nhundred years ago. There is a\\ngreat market in Paris where second-\\nhand food, gathered from hotels and\\nrestaurants, and second-hand cloth-\\ning, is sold. They eat the crops.", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "92 Observations\\ngills, and even the combs of fowls\\nthe feet and legfs of a duck make a\\nfine soup lights of animals, snails\\nall are made to minister to man s\\nsustenance. In fact, you soon learn\\nthat ignorance is bliss, and that it\\nis better, half the time, not to know\\nwhat you are eating.\\nBut if you once get a good view\\nof a French or German kitchen,\\nyou will marvel at its cleanliness\\nand attractiveness. Lonof lines of\\ncopper kettles, so bright you can see\\nyour face in them, all hung in their\\nproper places, and everything about\\nthe kitchen is so tidy you only wish\\nyou could transplant it to New Eng-\\nland as a model for New England\\nhousekeepers. A person would be", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "Observations 93\\nprepared, and almost persuaded, to\\neat anything that came out of these\\nkitchens rooster combs, horse meat,\\nor anything else they might set be-\\nfore you. But absolute cleanliness\\nis a necessity, for if these copper ket-\\ntles are not properly cleansed severe\\nillness may be caused.\\nAs wood and coal are very dear,\\nthey tie up the little branches of trees\\nin small bunches and call them fagots.\\nEvery one buys them to start the fire,\\nor perhaps it may be all the fire they\\never have. Men and women go\\nbareheaded here the year round.\\nThey only follow, in this, the custom\\nof the ancient Romans, as Julius\\nCaesar and the Saviour of mankind\\nare said never to have owned or worn", "height": "2641", "width": "1576", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "94 Observations\\na hat of any kind. I asked one man\\nwhy he never wore a hat, and he re-\\nphed It makes my head ache. A\\nvery good reason, I thought, for go-\\ning without one.\\nThe working; men all look so com-\\nical in the fields, and in the streets,\\nwith their long blue shirts, which they\\nwear outside of their clothes instead\\nof next to their skin as we do in\\nAmerica. Big boys, nine, ten, and\\ntwelve years old, all wear a long\\nblack apron at school, or at play.\\nWhat a hullabaloo it would make if\\nthe boys in America were obliged to\\ndo the same\\nNo woman will work in your\\nkitchen unless you furnish her with\\na bottle of wine a day, and she must", "height": "2645", "width": "1753", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "Observations 95\\nalso have five per cent, commission\\non everything that is bought for the\\ntable. Men pay four or five dollars,\\nin our money, a day for the privilege\\nof working: in the leadingf restaurants,\\nand furnish all the matches, news-\\npapers, sand for the floor, and keep\\nthe place clean. They get their pay\\nout of the tips from customers.\\nThe cab system of Paris is a mar-\\nvellous thing by itself. There are\\nabout 15,000 cabs, which would reach,\\none after the other in a continuous\\nline, over a distance of thirty-five\\nmiles, nearly from Hartford to New\\nHaven. These are rented to the\\ndrivers, who must pay daily, in ad-\\nvance, some four and some five\\ndollars, in our money, according to", "height": "2638", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "gS Observations\\nthe quality of the team. If the driver\\nmakes more it is his if he makes less\\nhe must lose the difference.\\nNot a horse in all France has calks\\non its shoes, and to see them drawing\\nthe heaviest of loads up the steepest\\nand most slippery of roads seems not\\nonly astounding, but, from an Amer-\\nican standpoint, cruel.\\nIf a cabman runs over you, and\\nthereby damages his horse or carriage\\nyou must pay for the damage. You\\ncross the street or walk in the traveled\\nroad at your own peril. You have\\nno business there, no more than the\\ncabman has on the sidewalk. Such\\nis the law in Europe.", "height": "2655", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "ELEVENTH LETTER\\nA A 7 E have just witnessed in France\\na series of events to be seen\\nnowhere else, and without a parallel\\nin modern history the death of the\\nPresident of the French Republic, the\\npeaceable and inexpensive election\\nof a successor within three days, and\\nhis quiet, unostentatious entrance into\\noffice. He arrived at the Elysee Pal-\\nace (the White Flouse of France) late\\none afternoon, accompanied only by\\nhis son and a few officers he pro-\\nceeded at once to his private office,\\nand commenced the routine of his\\n97", "height": "2644", "width": "1554", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "98 Observations\\nofficial duties. How different from\\nall the flum-drum of a Presiden-\\ntial election in the United States,\\ndemoralizinof alike to business and\\npublic morals, and generally turning\\non the size of the bank account of\\nthe respective National Committees\\nOne other grreat event attracts the\\nattention of the whole civilized world\\nthe sickness of the Pope, not merely\\nthe head of the greatest religious or-\\nganization in existence, but the great-\\nest politician in Europe. Around\\nthe sick-chamber gather the discord-\\nant elements, ready to burst into\\nbitter feuds, which his master hand\\nhas so long averted, between the\\nprogressive and reactionary elements,\\nin other words, between the Catholics", "height": "2645", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Observations 99\\nof England and America, and Conti-\\nnental Catholicism. Progressive, or\\nAmerican Catholicism stands for\\ntemperance, love of country, a quiet,\\norderly Sabbath, and a respectful\\nconsideration for the opinions and\\nrights of all other Christian denomin-\\nations, and a harmonious co-operation\\nwith them in all humanitarian work.\\nContinental Catholicism stands for\\nbigotry, for selfishness, for conceding\\nnothing in courtesy to opponents,\\never excluding all other denomina-\\ntions from enjoying the same civil\\nrights and privileges as themselves,\\nand consists mostly in reviling their\\nopponents as being infected with In-\\ngersollism, with indifference to many\\nreligious forms and ceremonies prac-", "height": "2640", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "loo Observations\\ntised, and to many recluse orders\\ncloistered friars and barefoot monks,\\nleading lives of useless isolation, and\\nwhom Erasmus called the scourge\\nof the Church and the curse of\\nEn\\nurope.\\nMuch will depend upon the char-\\nacter and views of the next two or\\nthree Popes, for I find that intelligent\\nCatholics of America have more in\\ncommon with their dissenting broth-\\ners and neighbors than they have\\nwith this Italian and Spanish Catholi-\\ncism, so bigoted and foolish as not to\\nsee the trend of events, and who pre-\\nfer to spend their time intermeddling\\nwith the Catholic hierarchy of Amer-\\nica, Instead of trying to elevate their\\nown people to the high moral and", "height": "2657", "width": "1609", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "Observations loi\\nintellectual standard of American\\nCatholics.\\nThere is no nation more fond of\\ntheir own country than the French.\\nThe German has no patriotism he\\nemigrates at the first opportunity, and\\nis never so happy as when he returns\\nto Germany, flaunting his naturaliza-\\ntion papers in every one s face. The\\nFrenchman s love of his country mili-\\ntates against the prosperity of France\\nto a certain extent, for while he re-\\nmains at home, waiting for the mer-\\nchants of the world to come to Paris,\\nthe restless German, having no par-\\nticular attachment to his Father-\\nland, Is to be found in every quarter\\nof the inhabited globe, peddling his\\nwares. Germany certainly is making", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "I02 Observations\\nrapid progress in commercial affairs,\\nand giving England a close quarter.\\nWhile alluding to the death of\\nFaure, and the illness of the Pope, I\\nam led to write of European funeral\\ncustoms. It is considered far more\\nrespectful for both men and women\\nto walk at a public funeral, if they\\nare able to do so, rather than ride.\\nThe new President of the Erench\\nRepublic, Loubet, sixty-two years of\\nage, Senators and Representatives,\\nand a vast army of distinguished men\\nwalked at Eaure s funeral over a dis-\\ntance of five miles, the funeral com-\\nmencing at lo A.M., and ending at\\n5 P.M. The immediate male rela-\\ntives walked the entire distance bare-\\nheaded. Six large, two-horse vans,", "height": "2656", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Observations 103\\nloaded with beautiful wreaths, sent\\nfrom all over Europe, preceded the\\nhearse that contained the mortal re-\\nmains of him who was once a poor\\ntanner boy, and died President of the\\nFrench Republic.\\nBut the most pathetic and touching\\npart of all that magnificent funeral\\npageant (and the French are always\\ndoing some such thing) was two little\\ngirls, dressed respectively in the cos-\\ntumes of Alsace and Lorraine the\\nlost provinces. Each child was led\\nby the hand of an older girl, likewise\\nin the dress of the provinces of which\\nGermany ruthlessly robbed France\\nin 1870. These girls carried black\\nflags, one inscribed in letters of gold\\nwith the name of Strasbourg, the", "height": "2641", "width": "1658", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "104 Observations\\nother with that of Metz. The crowd\\ncheered, and cheered, and cheered.\\nWhenever a funeral procession\\npasses along the street, every man,\\nyoung and old, prince and beggar,\\nuncovers his head while it is passing.\\nIn every cemetery the grave-stones\\nare literally covered with wreaths,\\nvarying in size from one to three or\\nfour feet in diameter, and made of\\nglass beads of different colors, many\\nof them of exquisite designs these\\nare allowed to remain in the ceme-\\nteries for many years. Pictures of\\nthe deceased members of the family\\nare also attached to the tombs.\\nThese things give to their cemeteries\\na much more cheerful and attractive\\nappearance than have some of those", "height": "2654", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "Observations 105\\ncold and heartless New England\\ngrave-yards, the very looks of which\\nfreeze the marrow in one s bones.\\nNow, in closing, let me touch on\\nanother custom, perhaps more pleas-\\ning and interesting.\\nThere are no girls on the Continent\\nthey are either children or married\\nwomen. The parents make all the\\nmatches and marriage arrangements,\\nand no young unmarried lady is al-\\nlowed to meet a gentleman except in\\nthe presence of her parents, govern-\\ness, or maid. Every girl is expected\\nto bring an allowance a dot to\\nher husband, the amount being deter-\\nmined by her surroundings. Usually\\nthe younger girls in the poorer fami-\\nlies work and save money to make up", "height": "2635", "width": "1585", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "io6 Observations\\nthe dot of the oldest sister. Many-\\nyoung women, seeing no prospect of\\ntheir parents, being able to raise for\\nthem a dot, and therefore no chance\\nof marriage, join the Holy orders.\\nThis is one reason, I am told, why\\nthere are so many more nuns in Eu-\\nrope than in America. In many\\nContinental countries, the priests,\\nmonks, and nuns receive an annual\\nallowance from the State, varying In\\namount, for their support.\\nWeddings are celebrated in Europe\\nabout the middle of the day the\\nfriends ride to some church, the bride\\nand bridegroom riding in a carriage\\nnearly all glass, and people cheer\\nthem on their way. At all weddings\\nof any importance, and, by the way,", "height": "2654", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "Observations 107\\nthere are no house weddings in Eu-\\nrope, a collection for the poor is taken\\nup in the church. After the mar-\\nriage ceremony, they all return to the\\nhouse of the bride s parents, partake\\nof a lunch, and then generally go out\\ninto the woods, or to some fine\\nretired restaurant, and dance and\\nspend the rest of the day in happy\\nreunion and celebration. At niorht\\nthey all return to the home already\\nprepared, and bidding the newly\\nmarried couple a long life and much\\nhappiness, they depart to their re-\\nspective homes. People here say it\\ndestroys all the romance, and bor-\\nders on barbarism, to send a newly\\nmarried couple on a long and tire-\\nsome wedding journey, when of all", "height": "2642", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "io8 Observations\\nother times they need the privacy\\nand rest of their own home.\\nAmericans know some things, but\\nthey don t know everything, at\\nleast how to get the most comfort\\nout of Hfe.", "height": "2656", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "TWELFTH LETTER\\nA S the time draws nearer, the pub-\\nHe interest in the Exposition of\\n1900 increases. The money is all\\nraised, to wit $20,000,000. The\\nFrench Government contributes\\n$4,000,000, the city of Paris $4,-\\n000,000; and there are $12,000,000\\nworth of bonds sold for twenty francs,\\neach bond entitlino- the holder to\\ntwenty admissions to the Exposi-\\ntion and the holders, moreover, par-\\nticipate in a lottery, the prizes ranging\\nfrom $20 up to $100,000, and also in\\na reduction of twenty-five per cent, for\\n109", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "iio Observations\\nadmission to all places of amusement\\nwithin the boundaries of the Fair, and\\nin a reduction on railroad fares through-\\nout France during the Exposition.\\nAny profits resulting from the Expo-\\nsition, over and above the daily ex-\\npenses, will be divided between the\\ncity of Paris and France. These\\nbonds, as you will see, are an in-\\ngenious financial device, as well as\\na source of speculation and excite-\\nment to the people of France.\\nLandlords are already engaging\\ntheir rooms, and prices for rooms, or\\napartments, will be, during the Fair,\\ndouble the usual price. Parisians ex-\\npect to rent their apartments at fabu-\\nlous prices, and go into the country\\nthemselves, Americans, coming to", "height": "2645", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "Observations 1 1 1\\nthe Exposition, would do well to stop\\nat a boarding-house, or pension, as\\nthey are called in Europe, in one of\\nthe beautiful suburbs of Paris. You\\nwill be sure of a good room, good\\nboard, and good bed, for one-half\\nwhat you will pay in Paris, and also\\nescape all the noise and imposition of\\na crowded city.\\nMany things will seem strange to\\nan American who comes to visit what\\nwill undoubtedly be the most wonder-\\nful display of human invention and\\ngenius the world has ever seen. He\\nwill look with amazement at the old-\\ntime elevators in the hotels, run by\\nwater, and which go creeping up and\\ndown like a truant boy to his flog-\\nging. Then he will be disgusted", "height": "2633", "width": "1583", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "112 Observations\\nwith the candles in his room, in this\\nage of gas and electricity with the\\nbare, waxed floors, which it takes a\\ndancing master to get over gracefully\\nwith being compelled to furnish his\\nown soap and, when he eats at a cafe,\\nto be charged for the use of the knives,\\ntable-cloth, and napkins. He will\\nnot find a rocking-chair in any home\\non the Continent, and rarely a carpet,\\nnor will he find a man sitting with his\\nfeet higher than his head, or chewing\\ntobacco or smokingf a ciofar on the\\nstreet, but a cigarette, if anything.\\nHe will find no bar where he can\\nguzzle, but will be invited, if he\\nwants to drink, to sit down and drink\\nquietly at a table, either Inside or\\noutside of the cafe. The proprietor", "height": "2657", "width": "1745", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "Observations 113\\nof the cafe pays the city for the privi-\\nlege of putting a row of chairs in\\nfront, on the sidewalk. He will not\\nsee a gentleman lighting his cigar or\\ncigarette from one in use by another\\nperson. Even the request to do so\\nwould be regarded as an act of great\\nimpropriety. He will not see a\\nbell on any railroad engine in all\\nEurope, and he will ride in cars, in\\nmost of which a man cannot stand\\nerect and keep on his silk hat. He\\nwill miss soda fountains, peanut\\nstands, ice-cream saloons, chewing-\\ngum, sweet corn, pies, and dried\\nbeef these things are all unknown\\nin Europe.\\nHe will see cows and goats driven\\nthrough the streets, stopping at the", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "114 Observations\\ndifferent houses, and being- milked as\\ncustomers order. He will see, all over\\nEurope, women kneeling on stones\\nor boards, on the margins of rivers\\nor streams, washing clothes, doing\\njust the same as woman has been\\ndoing on this Eastern Hemisphere\\never since she left the Garden of\\nEden, and put on clothing. Well-\\nwater is all so hard, they must go to\\nthe brook, as the brook will not come\\nto them.\\nHe will see wood, eggs, and nearly\\nall farm produce sold by weight. He\\nwill see people picking up orange\\npeel, stumps of cigars, and ends of\\nciearettes from the orutters and side-\\nwalks, to be used in various money-\\nmaking ways. Nothing is wasted", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "Observations 115\\nhere. The city of Paris has recently\\ncontracted for the removal of its\\nsweepings, for which it is to receive\\nthe sum of $400,000 in cash, besides\\nhaving the garbage removed free out-\\nside of the city limits. The 20,000\\nrag-pickers are up in arms, and are\\nholding mass meetings to protest\\nagainst this interference with their\\nancient and time-honored rights, and\\nthus depriving them also of what they\\ncall an honest livelihood.\\nIt is now proposed to light the city\\nof London by burning the garbage,\\nand thus generating steam sufficient\\nto run the necessary dynamos to light\\nthe entire city free.\\nA sign for a barber shop on the\\nContinent is not a painted pole, but a", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "ii6 Observations\\nlittle brass basin hung in front of the\\nshop by a wire passed through the\\nrim of the basin. On the door of\\nnearly every important barber shop\\nyou will see painted in large letters\\nLavatory, which means they have\\nporcelain basins set in the side of the\\nroom, at which one can wash his face\\nafter being shaved, as that is consid-\\nered much more cleanly than to have\\nthe barber wash it with a sponge or\\ntowel.\\nThe cities erect little buildings,\\ncalled kiosques, at street corners, and\\nreceive for them a larg-e rental from\\nflower and newspaper venders.\\nI advise all Americans, before start-\\ning for Europe, to go to some good\\ncountry well, and there drink deep", "height": "2655", "width": "1745", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "Observations 1 1 7\\nand long, for they will not get an-\\nother such drink until they return\\nhome. Well-water is rarely used\\nin the greater part of Europe\\npeople drink either river -water,\\nsometimes filtered, in such places as\\nParis, or more usually drink bottled\\nwaten Bottling water is an immense\\nbusiness, controlled mostly by the\\nGovernment, the prices regulated by\\nlaw, and no table is complete without\\na bottle of one of these many spring-\\nwaters, on sale in nearly every city\\nand village on the Continent. In\\nsome places they drink rain-water.\\nAn old-time sea captain, my grand-\\nfather, told me once, that he always\\ncollected the rain-water from the\\ndecks of his ship, and that it would", "height": "2639", "width": "1586", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "ii8 Observations\\npurify itself in three months, and was\\nthen the best water in the world to\\ndrink. The well-water in Europe is so\\nhard, or would be if there were wells,\\nthat no one dares drink it, as it is\\nsure to produce stomach or kidney\\ntroubles.\\nThe Government makes several\\nmillion dollars each year from the\\nsale of these spring-waters. It col-\\nlects a tax of $800,000 annually on ad-\\nvertisements posted in public places,\\non the ground that they are forced\\nupon the people, whether they like\\nto see them or not. It seems strange\\nto see an Internal Revenue stamp\\naffixed to every public poster. The\\nState is the greatest monopolist in\\nEurope, oftentimes combining the", "height": "2657", "width": "1625", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "Observations 119\\nbusiness of insurance agent, match-\\nmaker, tobacco merchant, bill-poster,\\nrailroading, express agent, telegraph\\noperator, porcelain manufacturer,\\npawnbroker, etc. Every man who\\ncomes to France must be careful, for\\nthere is a fine of twenty cents per\\nmatch, if you bring along your own\\nmatches. The amount of money the\\nGovernment makes on business which\\nit monopolizes, like matches, tobacco,\\ndrinking-water, pawn-shops, etc., is\\nfabulous, but I have not time to-day to\\ngo into the figures. The matches are\\nvery poor, and one Englishman des-\\ncribed them as spluttering, and smell\\ntwo minutes, and have a nasty habit of\\ngoing out on the approach of a can-\\ndle. You must burn these matches,", "height": "2645", "width": "1599", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "I20 Observations\\nor nothing you cannot import any\\nmatches, for an ordinary box of\\nmatches, Hke Bryant May s, would\\nnot only be confiscated, but you\\nwould also be condemned to pay a\\nfine of $ioo if you were detected\\nin trying to bring one box into this\\ncountry.\\nIt is hard to say which is the better\\nsystem, the State monopolies of Eu-\\nrope, or the trusts and syndicates (oil,\\nmatches, tobacco, thread, etc.) of\\nAmerica, which are closing many\\nshops with relentless rigor, under\\nthe guise of economy strangling in\\na boa-constrictor grip many a pretty\\nfactory village and bringing sadness\\nand want to many an honest laboring\\nman s home, even in our own beloved", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "Observations 121\\nNew England. It is true in Europe,\\nit is also, alas, too true in America\\nto-day, that millions are made on\\nthe turn of a trade, and the toppling\\nmass grows and grows, while in its\\nshadow starvation and despair stalk\\namong the people, and swarm with\\nincreasing legions against the citadels\\nof human life.", "height": "2632", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "m\\nTHIRTEENTH LETTER\\nIT is wonderful to notice the amount\\nof business carried on in Europe\\nexclusively by women. They con-\\nduct bakers butchers and grocers\\nshops, coal and wood yards, and, in\\nfact, you can hardly mention any kind\\nof business in which they are not en-\\ngaged. It is safe to say that one\\nhalf the stores on the Continent are\\nkept by women. The Bon Marche,\\nperhaps the largest retail store in the\\nworld, employing in its various de-\\npartments and factories over four\\nthousand hands, was owned and\\n122", "height": "2657", "width": "1744", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "Observations 123\\ncontrolled in a masterly manner for\\ntwenty-five years by a woman. On\\nher demise, a few months ago, the\\nbusiness was taken up by a joint\\nstock company, and it is generally\\nthought not to be at present so well\\nmanaged.\\nOne time when I was at a cele-\\nbrated hostelry in Milan, Italy, a little,\\nold, drawn-over woman came into the\\noffice, and climbed up into a chair, to\\nsee how many rooms were occupied,\\nas the numbers of the rooms and the\\noccupants names were posted on a\\nblackboard. I asked who she was,\\nand was told that she was the pro-\\nprietress that she had accumulated a\\nvast fortune in the hotel business,\\nand while her children revelled in", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "124 Observations\\nluxury, both at home and abroad,\\nshe stayed and attended to the busi-\\nness.\\nA census taken six years before\\nQueen Victoria came to the throne,\\nshowed no woman in the whole Brit-\\nish Empire engaged in any service\\nother than that of domestic while\\nthe last census showed 61,000 dress-\\nmakers 70,000 employed in public\\nhouses 4500 in printing establish-\\nments 41 2 1 in mines; and 30,000\\nin the post-offices. In the tobacco\\nindustry there are 121 women to 100\\nmen in the hemp and jute, 195 wo-\\nmen to 100 men, and a somewhat\\nsimilar proportion is maintained in a\\nvast majority of the industrial pur-\\nsuits. There are, in the three king-", "height": "2656", "width": "1641", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "Observations 125\\ndoms, over 130,000 female teachers\\nthree times the number of male\\nteachers.\\nMany an English statesman owes\\nhis election to the efforts of his wife\\non the hustings, bringing the voters to\\nthe polls in their luxurious carriages,\\nand bewitching them by their wit and\\ntheir beauty. It was the Duchess\\nof Gordon who went from hamlet to\\nhamlet in Scotland, and recruited\\nthat world-famous regiment, to-day\\nthe pride and glory of the British\\narmy the Gordon Highlanders.\\nThe figures which I have given\\nrelative to England will apply, in a\\ngreater or less degree, to nearly every\\ncountry in Europe. On the Conti-\\nnent you will see women carrying", "height": "2638", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "126 Observations\\nhods, unloading coal, and doing the\\nhardest kinds of work. It is calcu-\\nlated they are doing one half of the\\nfarm work, for they are to be seen\\neverywhere working in the fields, and\\noftentimes there is not a man to be\\nseen. To-day there are 60,000 sol-\\ndiers stationed at Vienna and looking\\non, while thousands of women are\\ntoiling at mixing mortar, carrying\\nhods, and laying stones for a great\\npalace now being built for the Im-\\nperial family. These women are paid\\nforty cents a day.\\nThere are several reasons for these\\nconditions. Three million men, with\\nguns in their hands, are withdrawn\\nfrom industrial pursuits, and the sup-\\nport of the families devolves upon", "height": "2645", "width": "1736", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "Observations 127\\nthe women, Besides, women are\\nmore industrious, more temperate,\\nand more tractable than men, and\\nit looks as if, in time, the Euro-\\npean man will relegate himself to\\nthe position of the North Ameri-\\ncan Indian play golf, race horses,\\nhunt, fish, indulge in pow-wows\\nand war, leaving the care and sup-\\nport of the family, and the con-\\nducting of every-day affairs, to the\\nwomen.\\nLet any man stop and think what\\nprogress woman has made in fifty\\nyears, and that to-day the rising gen-\\neration of females far outstrip in\\ntalent, in industry, in sobriety, and in\\nambition their male competitors, and\\nno man can measure or foretell what", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "128 Observations\\nwoman may not accomplish in the\\nnext one hundred years.\\nThe same wonderful change is go-\\ning on in our own country, only it\\ngoes on so slowly and so smoothly,\\nwe hardly realize the truth. It would\\nbe astounding, and almost beyond be-\\nlief, if we were to see at one glance\\nwhat progress women have made in\\nthe United States In fifty years, in\\nthe commercial, industrial, and edu-\\ncational world. I marvelled when\\nI learned from my friend, Mr. C. P.\\nClark, the President, while crossing\\nthe Atlantic last summer, that the\\nlist of stockholders of the Consoli-\\ndated Railroad embraces the names of\\nseveral thousand women.\\nSince this century opened, Europe", "height": "2657", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "Observations 129\\nhas lost by the ravages of war (and\\nnearly every war was either childish\\nor nonsensical), in killed or disabled,\\nover 15,000,000 men. The eighteen\\nastronomers who are engaged in all\\nquarters of the globe in photograph-\\ning and making maps of the stars,\\nand who expect to complete their\\ntask in 1924, and to exhibit to the\\nadmiring gaze of their fellow-men a\\nmap of 20,000,000 stars, have an easy\\ntask beside the man, or men, who will\\ncatalogue the men who have been\\nkilled by war, rum, or tobacco, during\\nthis century.\\nWhile the men have been playing\\nthe fool act of killing^ each other\\nin battle, or themselves by drink, or\\nsquandering their time in politics, or", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "130 Observations\\ngames, or watching the market, wo-\\nmen have been driven by the force\\nof circumstances to fill up the gaps\\nand supply the means of subsistence\\nfor themselves and families. All\\nglory to the woman\\nTo-day she carries on her shoul-\\nders, and in her heart, nearly all there\\nis left of the Christian reliofion in\\nEurope, bequeathed by the Master;\\nand without her countenance and\\nsupport, owls and bats would be about\\nthe only frequenters of the magnifi-\\ncent cathedrals which g^em the land-\\nscape of Europe, or the thousand\\ntemples of the Most High that nestle\\nin its happy valleys and crown its\\nswelling hills. Popes, Bishops,\\nPriests, and Clergymen, the vast ma-", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "Observations 131\\njority of them, would be without Hs-\\nteners or sympathizers, and their\\nservices would be time and labor lost,\\nwithout women.\\nDo not for a moment think that\\nwoman occupies only a menial, a mer-\\ncenary, or a religious position in\\nEurope for it is a woman s head\\nand a woman s heart which to-day\\nlargely guides the destinies of the\\nmightiest nation on earth, whether\\nfor weal or for woe. It is a proverb\\nin English politics that English poli-\\nticians may bluster and threaten, but\\nEngland will have no serious Euro-\\npean war so long as Victoria lives,\\nas she will not give her signature,\\nand without it there can be no war.\\nThere may be a few skirmishes in", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "132 Observations\\nIndia or Africa, to whet the appetite\\nof her soldiers.\\nThe happiest people, and the most\\nhonest government in all Europe,\\nand perhaps on either Hemisphere,\\nsubmits to the mild and intellig-ent\\nrule of Holland s proud young Queen,\\nWilhelmina.\\nAnd there is still another Queen,\\nwho has borne her part with saintly\\nmajesty in all the trials through\\nwhich her country has recently been\\ncalled to pass, and who challenges the\\nadmiration of friend and foe alike.\\nShe has kept her country together by\\nher wise counsel, her patient devo-\\ntion to the public weal, and by her\\nsublime womanly virtues, Maria\\nChristina, Queen Regent of Spain.", "height": "2657", "width": "1561", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "Observations 133\\nHer name will illumine the pages of\\nhistory, long after the human race\\nhas gladly forgotten the names of\\nthose men who trailed the American\\nflag in the dust, with their em-\\nbalmed-beef scandals, and by the\\npeevish jealousies of the great Re-\\npublic s naval commanders.\\nIt is interesting to note that the\\nBritish Consul at Barcelona lately\\nreports as follows\\nEven the war did not very seri-\\nously affect the trade of Barcelona.\\nNot a single failure in that busy\\nmanufacturing centre was reported.\\nThese facts seem to indicate that,\\nafter all, the loss to Spain of her\\ncolonies will not involve ruin, but\\nmay, by relieving her of an intolera-", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "134 Observations\\nble military and naval burden, actu-\\nally pave the way to a period of\\ncomparative prosperity among the\\nworking classes of Spain.", "height": "2657", "width": "1731", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "FOURTEENTH LETTER\\n^NE great problem to-day absorbs\\nthe attention of all thinking\\npeople in Europe. Editors, authors,\\nstatesmen, philosophers, philanthro-\\npists, and clergymen are discussing\\nit, and this one great question con-\\ncerns civilized man everywhere. It\\nis that of disarmament.\\nI attended, recently, a banquet in\\nParis, and heard W. T. Stead, editor\\nof The Review of Reviews, state that\\nin his recent interview with the Czar\\nhe declared as follows I do not\\nwish my worst enemy the troubles\\nthat oppress me.\\n135", "height": "2645", "width": "1604", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "136 Observations\\nWell might he have added\\nA crown,\\nGolden in show, is but a wreath of thorns,\\nBrings dangers, troubles, cares, and sleepless\\nnights\\nTo him who wears the regal diadem,\\nThis young ruler, pressed by des-\\ntiny into a position of authority and\\nresponsibility which he cannot shirk,\\nconfronted by questions that puzzle\\nand distract the wisest statesmen, is\\nvainly trying to stem the tide of\\narmament which must end either in\\nthe bankruptcy of his and other na-\\ntions, or in the annihilation, by mod-\\nern Satanic military enginery, of a\\nwhole people. War is hell, but the\\nnext war in Europe will be a triple\\nhell.", "height": "2657", "width": "1731", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "Observations 137\\nA prominent Warsaw banker has\\nwritten an exhaustive work of six\\nvohimes, It is said with the approval\\nof the Czar, declaring there can be no\\nfuture war that with modern repeat-\\ning weapons, 115 per cent, more\\neffective than those used in the\\nFranco-Prussian war, and with smoke-\\nless powder, no army can ever again\\nconfront another army that one or\\nthe other, perhaps both, will be\\nmowed to the earth long before they\\nare within shouting distance. It Is\\nnot open, manly warfare, but total\\nannihilation that hangs over the next\\nEuropean conflict.\\nThe trouble all dates from the Fran-\\nco-Prussian war. In 1868 Russia,\\nFrance, Austria, Italy, and Germany", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "138 Observations\\nspent annually on their armies $450,-\\n000,000; to-day they spend $875, 000,-\\n000. These five powers had, in 1868,\\n4,500,000 men on a war footing; to-\\nday they have 17,500,000 men.\\nThe debt of France has risen since\\n1870 from $2,000,000,000 to $6,300,-\\n000,000 of Russia from $1,500,000,-\\n000 to $4,500,000,000 and Germany\\nhas added $3,000,000,000 in the same\\ntime to her debt.\\nAnother war between France and\\nGermany would be Titanic, and, to use\\nan expression common here, one or\\nthe other would be bled as white as\\nveal. There would be 7,000,000 men\\nin the field, fully armed and equipped,\\nand the fairest portions of Europe\\n(no land on which the wheeling sun", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "Observations 139\\nshines is more highly cultivated, or\\nmore beautiful to the eye) would be a\\nveritable hell after it had been swept\\nby the carnage and devastation of\\ngrim-visaged war. The atmosphere\\nwould be befouled by the decaying\\nbodies of a million slaugrhtered soldiers\\nand the very heavens lighted by the\\nfires of its sacked and burning cities.\\nA contest between thirty modern\\nbattle-ships would, it is estimated,\\ncost $5,000,000 an hour. A careful\\nwriter has calculated that a naval\\nwar between England, France, and\\nRussia would cost two or three times\\nas much as the purchase of all the\\nland in England as much as the\\nrevenue of England for a whole\\ncentury.", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "I40 Observations\\nOnly last week Mr. Goschen, in the\\nBritish Parliament, while laying be-\\nfore them the new proposals of the\\nGovernment for increased expendi-\\ntures in the navy and army, admitted\\nthat England has doubled her war-\\nlike expenditures in fifteen years, and\\nthe financial outlook is most serious\\nbut, if it is serious in this country of\\ngreat wealth, what must the burdened\\npeople of Russia, France, and Ger-\\nmany be thinking in face of their own\\nincrease\\nBut oh, how difficult, how beyond\\nall human calculation or ability, to\\nstem the tide of these martial extrav-\\nagances and follies So many things\\ntend to promote and keep alive the\\nfear, the dread of being whipped, or", "height": "2657", "width": "1641", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "Observations 141\\noverrun, or outgeneralled, by their\\nneighbors. The map of Europe\\nneeds rearranging. Every country\\nhas some portion which it holds only\\nby force, and almost every nation\\ncovets some portion of its neighbor s\\nland. Then there is the fear of so-\\ncialism, so strong and so popular\\naipong the laboring masses, and no-\\nwhere so strong as in Germany, poll-\\ning over a million and a quarter votes\\nat the last election. Then there is\\nthe labor question. The labor mar-\\nket is already glutted, and thousands\\nmust either emigrate or starve, and\\nhow much worse will be the con-\\ndition of affairs, if a million soldiers\\nare thrown into competition with\\nthose who are now barely able to find", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "142 Observations\\nemployment, or earn a living. One\\nmillion men come of age every year\\nin Russia alone.\\nThen there is that foolish, nonsen-\\nsical sentiment, which one finds im-\\nplanted in the human heart, from the\\nKafihr negro described by Sir Harry\\nJohnson in his recent exhaustive work,\\nBritish Cc?itral Africa, as wearing\\nonly a string around his waist with a\\npiece of money attached, to show that\\nif he has no clothes It is not because\\nhe has not the money up to the\\nArchbishop of Canterbury, the Pri-\\nmate of the Established Church of\\nEngland. Through all classes and\\nranks, unclad savages and European\\nsavants, paupers and millionaires,\\nfools and scholars, runs that myste-", "height": "2645", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "Observations 143\\nrlous, that inexplicable craze, infatua-\\ntion, worship of the man on horseback,\\nand it is this predominant element in\\nhuman character which governs and\\ncontrols largely the action of man,\\nand the masses, throughout this inhab-\\nited orb. Wars are popular with sav-\\nage and civilized nations alike, and\\nhave been ever since Adam walked\\nout of the Garden of Eden, a crest-\\nfallen, but a wiser man.\\nAgain, the problem of disarm-\\nament is complicated by other and\\nmost serious questions. Europe is\\nin the hands of a military hierarchy.\\nEight tenths of all the military and na-\\nval officers belong to the aristocratic,\\nnon-productive, idle classes, who\\nguard their privileges with demon-like", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "144 Observations\\nferocity. No one knows the condi-\\ntion of society in Europe who has not\\nminorled in it for some time. Schol-\\nars, orators, philanthropists, milHon-\\naires, have no social standing beside\\nthe military element. A wealthy gen-\\ntleman told me he served one year in\\nthe German army to obtain rank for\\nhimself, and for his family social rec-\\nognition.\\nAgain, there Is that other element\\nthe vultures of society who prey\\nupon other people s misfortunes\\nthe money-lenders, and the men\\nwho make money on the turn of the\\nmarket. A noisy. Insane rabble, de-\\nmoralizing to legitimate trade, who\\ncongregate at every Bourse In Europe,\\nco-laborers with that other gang", "height": "2657", "width": "1726", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "Observations 145\\nwhich pHes its nefarious trade in\\nWall Street, and who are ever ready\\nto support any scheme, uphold any\\ngovernment, defend any extrava-\\ngance, so long as it brings grist to\\ntheir mill.\\nSome great thinkers in Europe\\nhave recently expressed themselves\\nas believino- that no gfood can come\\nof the International Conference at\\nHague that all these frightful ex-\\npenses and preparations must go on\\nuntil some one power alone domi-\\nnates the politics and the nations of\\nEurope, as Rome once dominated the\\nworld and the question is whether it\\nis to be England or Russia whether\\nthe Anglo-Saxon or the Slav, in the\\nnext century or two, is to rule, as the", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "146 Observations\\nGoths and Vandals once ruled this\\nsame continent.\\nThat sleeping giant, who occupies\\none sixth of the land on this planet,\\nwho can marshal the mightiest army\\nthe world has ever seen, whose pro-\\ndigious strides in population and\\nwealth are among the marvels of the\\nnineteenth century, is an enigma and\\na puzzle which the wisest statesman\\ncannot solve. Never, since this globe\\nswung out into space and commenced\\nto spin In Its orbit around the sun,\\nhas one man ever held In his hands\\nso nearly the destiny of so many\\npeople, or could wield so much power\\nfor good or for evil, as the present\\nCzar of all the Russias. What a\\ncommentary upon human progress,", "height": "2657", "width": "1729", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "Observations 147\\nthat twenty centuries after the rise\\nand fall of the Grecian and Roman\\nRepublics, the great mass of the peo-\\nple of Europe are still struggling to\\nsecure those rights and privileges\\nwhich were accorded to every Roman\\nand Athenian citizen Will the race\\nbe any better off twenty centuries\\nhence Is history only repeating it-\\nself from one cycle of time to an-\\nother\\nIt would be interesting to come\\nback here in 500 years and see what\\nhas come out of all this human mud-\\ndle what changes have taken place\\nin the world what nations have dis-\\nappeared what governments van-\\nished what progress, if any, the race\\nhas made and to see how near Abra-", "height": "2645", "width": "1574", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "148 Observations\\nham Lincoln came to the truth, that\\ngovernment of the people, by the\\npeople, and for the people shall not\\nperish from the earth.\\nShakespeare said, Time is the\\nnurse and breeder of all good. But\\nWordsworth said\\nTime flies it is his melancholy task\\nTo bring, and bear away delusive hopes,\\nAnd reproduce the trouble he destroys.\\nBoth, I think, were partly right\\nand partly wrong.", "height": "2657", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "FIFTEENTH LETTER\\nTT is much the same in Europe as in\\nAmerica, every thoughtful person\\nis astonished upon seeing in cold fig-\\nures the consumption of beverages.\\nEngland, Scotland, and Wales\\nconsumed last year beverages to\\nthe amount of $762,400,670, or,\\nper head of estimated population\\nwhich includes, of course, men, wo-\\nmen, children, and babies, the appal-\\nling figures of $19.20. It would,\\nif laid edge to edge, make a chain\\n2089 miles of $20 gold pieces, or\\nwould take 1205 two-horse drays,\\n149", "height": "2645", "width": "1495", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "ISO Observations\\neach drawing 2000 pounds weight\\nof gold, or it would cover solid the\\ntrack of the New York, New Haven\\nHartford Railroad, between two\\nrails, from New Haven to Hartford\\nwith $20 gold pieces, or it would take\\none man almost six years to count the\\namount, allowing one $20 gold piece\\nto a second. It is claimed that on\\naccount of the cold, raw climate of\\nEngland, persons require, and can\\nconsume, more liquor than elsewhere.\\nIt is useless to enumerate in figures\\nthe total consumption of liquors in\\nEurope, but I simply refer to one or\\ntwo items to illustrate the magnitude\\nof the subject. The demand of the\\nworld yearly for French champagne\\nis about 22,000,000 bottles, and, great", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "Observations 151\\nas this demand is, it can be met for\\nsome years by the stock on hand at\\nRheims one concern alone keeps a\\nreserve of 9,000,000 bottles. English\\nand Americans are the best customers\\nfor French champagnes one rarely\\nsees it drunk here, but Americans\\ngive their nationality dead away when-\\never they attempt to drink it in\\nFrance, for the French always drink\\nchampagne half wine and half water,\\nand look upon Americans as semi-\\ncivilized in drinkinof it clear. France\\nlost 3,000,000 acres by the Franco-\\nPrussian war, but this was a small\\ncalamity compared with the Phyl-\\nloxera. More than 4,000,000 acres\\nof vintage, representing a value of\\n$1,000,000,000, were wholly or par-", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "fy\\n152 Observations\\ntially destroyed by this insect from\\n1865 to 1876. So great is the con-\\nsumption of wine in France that she\\nimports 50 per cent, more wine than\\nshe exports.\\nThe number of wine shops in\\nFrance in 1830 was 281,847, but to-\\nday they number 424,500, or one\\nwine shop to eighty-five of the popu-\\nlation, or one to every thirty adults.\\nIt does not seem possible that every\\nthirty men and women support a grog\\nshop. In some parts of France there\\nis a wine shop for every forty-six in-\\nhabitants. It is proposed now to\\nlimit each new license to one per\\nevery 300 inhabitants, not interfering,\\nhowever, with existing shops.\\nA French physician told me that", "height": "2655", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "Observations 153\\none cocktail made many a Frenchman\\ndrunk because he talked so much,\\nwhile if he did not talk the liquor\\nwould not affect him. This fact has\\noften been repeated to me, both in\\nFrance and Italy. The vilest and\\nmost injurious drink in this country\\nis absinthe, a decoction from worm-\\nwood, which paralyzes the brain and\\nrapidly ruins the constitution.\\nBut it has fallen to the lot of Russia,\\noccupying, as it does, one sixth of the\\ninhabited globe, and containing one\\nthirteenth of the entire population of\\nthe world, to solve this liquor problem,\\nand it looks to-day as if she will be com-\\npelled to solve many another problem\\nin European politics, and, perhaps, in\\nthe politics of the two Hemispheres.", "height": "2644", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "154 Observations\\nRussia, being an absolute despot-\\nism, occupies a unique position, and\\ncan carry out social reforms which\\nno other nation is able even to\\ninaugurate. It would be highly in-\\nteresting, if it were permitted to\\nus, to watch for the next two hun-\\ndred years the development, side by\\nside, of one nation under a despotic,\\nand another under a republican form\\nof government. Russia in 1895 as-\\nsumed absolute control of the liquor\\nbusiness of the Empire, buying from\\nthe distilleries at a uniform price,\\nand the price charged the consumer,\\nwhether by the dealer or the State, is\\nthe same, the State taking a commis-\\nsion of fifteen per cent., and allowing\\nthe dealer a commission in proportion", "height": "2657", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "Observations 155\\nto the quantity sold, but so trifling an\\namount as to offer him but the sHg^ht-\\nest inducement to push the sales.\\nThe liquor is of uniform quality every-\\nwhere.\\nThis has resulted in reducing drunk-\\nenness, deposits in savings-banks have\\nincreased, the State s revenue has been\\naugmented, and that great and grow-\\ning evil, which threatens the life of\\nevery civilized nation on the globe,\\nhas been once, in the history of the\\nhuman race, shackled to the car of\\nreason.\\nAnother subject, just as vital to a\\nnation s prosperity, to wit the main-\\ntenance of a healthy population, is\\nforemost in the minds of many states-\\nmen in Europe.", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "156 Observations\\nSince 1891 the deaths in France\\nhave exceeded the births, and there\\nhas been an annual loss In population\\nof 20,000. France cannot, like Amer-\\nica, replenish her population through\\na Castle Garden, but must depend\\nupon her own people. A law has\\nlately been passed forbidding the use\\nof long rubber tubes attached to feed-\\ning bottles, because of the difficulty\\nin keeping them sterilized it has also\\nbeen made a crime to give solid food\\nto a child under one year of age,\\nexcept on the written prescription\\nof a physician, and a guilty per-\\nson may be punished for an at-\\ntempt to kill. They are determined,\\nif possible, to preserve what babies\\nGod gives them. Premature feeding", "height": "2659", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "Observations 157\\nmakes what women call fat and\\nhandsome babies, but doctors say\\nthey make too often pretty corpses.\\nWhile it is true that in this blessed\\nyear of our Lord, among certain tribes\\nin Africa, over which England claims\\nsovereignty, the first-born, if a girl, is\\nruthlessly murdered, woman in Eu-\\nrope has a commercial value beyond\\nall calculation. It would seem as if\\nthe ultimate success or failure of\\nFrench, German, and, perhaps, Amer-\\nican colonial schemes is not to de-\\npend upon armies or navies, not upon\\nDeweys or Otises, but upon women.\\nThe French Government, to meet an\\nimperative demand from her colonies\\n(if the colonies are to thrive), has\\nopened agencies in different parts of", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "158 Observations\\nFrance to secure women emigrants\\napproved candidates will each be pro-\\nvided with a trousseau, free passage,\\nand a small sum of money to enable\\nthem to live for a time after landing,\\nand until marriages can be arranged.\\nAny one who is familiar with the\\nearly history of Louisiana will remem-\\nber how the Colonists awaited with\\ngreat excitement the arrival of ships\\nbrineinof the women sent out from\\nParis to supply them with wives.\\nAll history largely repeats itself,\\nand we, as a people, are perhaps\\nonly re-enacting, on a grander scale,\\nthe history of bygone nations in\\nour Imperial policy, and in our at-\\ntempt to shoot civilization Into distant\\ntribes and reap, if possible, the bene-", "height": "2656", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "Observations 159\\nfits of a reviving commerce, instead\\nof trying to Christianize them. How-\\never, it will be worthy of boast, to\\nthose who live until January i, 1900,\\nthat they have witnessed the close of\\nwhat was, beyond all doubt, with all\\nits errors, failures, and cruelties, the\\nmost significant and splendid century\\nthus far in the history of mankind.\\nThe brightest beacon that beckons\\nus on to the future is the wonderful\\nprogress the race has made in the last\\ncentury. It was Gladstone who said,\\nIt was well to be reminded, and in\\ntones to make the deaf man hear, of\\ncity children who soak and blacken\\nsoul and sense in city slime of maid-\\nens cast by thousands in the street\\nof the seamstress scrimped of her", "height": "2642", "width": "1564", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "i6o Observations\\ndaily bread of dwellings miserably\\ncrowded, of fever as the result\\nnevertheless slavery had been abol-\\nished, the criminal code reformed,\\ngood schools had been put within\\nthe reach of the poor, laboring people\\nwere working fewer hours for in-\\ncreased wages, and that upon the\\nwhole, the race had been reaping, and\\nnot scattering earning, and not wast-\\ning. No better epitaph has been\\nwritten for the nineteenth century,\\nnow so nearly expired.", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "SIXTEENTH LETTER\\nA CENTURY and a quarter ago\\nthe famous American statesman,\\nThomas Jefferson, rode on horseback\\nfrom Paris, over the Savoy mountains,\\ndown into Italy stopping at country\\nhouses to study the wants, the com-\\nplaints, and the occupations of the\\npeasants and trying to learn some-\\nthing which might be of benefit to his\\ncountrymen. That country is to-day\\nwhat it has been for five hundred\\nyears a marvel of agricultural devel-\\nopment.\\nThere is no incident more unique\\ni6i", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "1 62 Observations\\nin the life of that great man than when\\nin Italy he purchased some seed\\nrice, which he desired to send to South\\nCarolina for cultivation, and they\\nwould not let him take it across the\\nborders of the country so he filled\\nhis pockets with the rice and thus\\neluded the Custom officials, who\\nwished to prevent the export to\\nAmerica of this superior quality of\\nrice. From this small beginning\\nsprung the great rice industry of the\\nSouth.\\nEvery day I stop by the wayside\\nand regard wonderingly the ways in\\nwhich these people, with endless care\\nand patience, train apple and pear\\ntrees, some growing along a wire like\\na vine, level with the ground some", "height": "2657", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "Observations i6\\nJ\\ncrooked and resembling coiled snakes\\nstanding erect, others trained to run\\naround hoops, looking for all the world\\nlike the hoops of a barrel, while others\\ngrow up the sides of a house like rose\\nbushes. I have also seen the sides\\nof houses, some thirty or forty feet\\nhigh, one solid bank of roses, or cov-\\nered with the branches of a pear tree.\\nA great industry in the South of\\nFrance is the making of perfumes from\\nrose and orange blossoms, but the\\nlargest quantity is made from gerani-\\nums, using the blossoms, the leaves,\\nand the stalks. In warm and shel-\\ntered places it is possible to cut the\\ncrop four times a year. This is an\\nindustry which should flourish well\\nin California, as the product is so", "height": "2645", "width": "1538", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "164 Observations\\nconcentrated that freight charges are\\nsmall, leaving a large margin of profit\\nto the agriculturists.\\nSome years ago, I was crossing a\\nvalley in the Alps, where the cele-\\nbrated Gruyere cheese is made. I\\nsaw the peasants turn out their cows\\ninto pastures where the grass was so\\ntall the cattle were soon lost to si^ht\\nas they wandered through the fields,\\nwhich were one mingled mass of\\ngrass and wild flowers, so sweet as to\\nremind one of some great flower bed,\\nand this accounts largely for the ex-\\ncellence of the cheese. Each spot of\\nearth seems to be adapted to its own\\nparticular use.\\nThat wonderful man, Jefferson,\\nwho stood for hours, until people", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "Observations 165\\nthouofht him mad, in admiration of\\nwhat he called the most beautiful\\nspecimen of architecture in the world,\\nknown as the Square House in the\\nPlace des Arenes, at Nimes, carried\\nback from Italy not alone rice, but\\nvines and workmen to cultivate them,\\nwho subsequently wrought such great\\nprogress in the development of Vir-\\nginia. Wine at twenty-four cents a\\ngallon is a very profitable crop, and\\nis the main agricultural industry of\\nall this part of Europe. Two million\\npersons are employed in the vineyards\\nof France, each person averaging 500\\ngallons of wine, or twenty-five gallons\\nyearly for every man, woman, and\\nchild in France. Official reports in-\\ndicate that the total vintage of", "height": "2634", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "1 66 Observations\\nFrance, including Algeria and Tunis,\\nwill produce 1,200,000,000 gallons,\\nthe estimated value of which is\\n$190,000,000.\\nTo one who keeps eyes and ears\\nopen, strange things are constantly\\npresenting themselves. Here cows\\nare used instead of oxen for drawing\\nloads and ploughing, as well as for\\ntheir milk; the oil dip, the same\\nas explorers find among the ruins\\nof Luxor and Carthag-e, and such\\nas served as a light in the days of\\nthe Saviour the sinless teacher\\nis still in use. You will see quan-\\ntities of bread for sale made from\\nchestnut flour, and butcher shops\\nwhere no other viand but horseflesh\\nis for sale. In 1894, 23,186 horses", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "Observations 167\\nwere slaughtered and sold as food In\\nFrance, and twice as many more in\\nGermany and Austria. It is well a\\nnew use has been found for the horse,\\notherwise, like the buffalo of the\\nplains, he may become an extinct\\nanimal. There are in France alone 650\\nmanufactories of automobiles, employ-\\ning 100,000 workmen. It looks as if\\nthe horse, before the close of the\\ntwentieth century, will be entirely dis-\\ncarded in Europe for all use except for\\nracing purposes, cavalry, and meat.\\nThere is a society in France for the\\npromotion of the consumption of horse\\nmeat as a food, claiming for it superior\\nhygienic virtues as well as gastronomic\\nqualities over all other meat, and that\\nas the horse is a much cleaner animal", "height": "2645", "width": "1541", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "1 68 Observations\\nthan the hog, therefore the meat must\\nbe healthier. To cap the chmax, we\\nlearn that the French are now makincr\\nsausages from cat-meat. It is nice to\\nknow that the cat is good for some-\\nthing.\\nAnother thing which will attract\\nyour attention while traveling on\\nthe Continent is the ever present\\nand ever delusive lottery scheme.\\nThey are sanctioned by the State.\\nThe German Government derives an\\nannual income of $20,000,000 from\\nlotteries; the Italian, $15,000,000;\\nthe Portuguese, $4,000,000 the\\nDanish, $250,000; and the Dutch,\\n$250,000. The lotteries are gener-\\nally held on Saturday afternoon in\\nthe principal cities of the various", "height": "2645", "width": "1729", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "Observations 169\\ncountries, and, strange to say, are\\npatronized quite liberally by wealthy\\nwomen for the excitement, the same\\nas many leading society women in\\nEngland to-day are breeding dogs\\nand cats, and racing horses.\\nAs you wander through the nar-\\nrow and crooked streets of the cities\\nand the villages (more especially in\\nthe South of Europe), the second\\nstories of houses overhaneino^ the\\nstreets, the windows small, the roofs\\neither thatched with straw or cov-\\nered with ancient tile, the stairs lead-\\ning to the upper stories laid with\\nstone steps, and one end of the\\nhouse devoted to the family and the\\nother end to the cattle (these houses,\\ndating back some three or four cen-", "height": "2617", "width": "1539", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "1 70 Observations\\nturies), you can easily fancy that from\\nout of such houses as these came\\nColumbus and the men who went\\nwith him on that perilous voyage\\nacross the wild Atlantic in a tiny\\ncaravel, which modern seamen would\\ndeem a mere phantom boat.\\nAs one stands gazing at these\\nhouses, it is impossible to restrain\\nthe wish that once again the men\\nand women who have dwelt in them\\nmight come trooping forth, just as\\nthey were accustomed to do in the\\ncenturies which are dead and gone.\\nNot any novel ever written can ex-\\ncel in interest the history (if truth-\\nfully repeated) of the joys and the\\nsorrows, the ambitions and the fail-\\nures, the hopes and the disappoint-", "height": "2645", "width": "1617", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "Observations 171\\nments, the dreams and the reahsm,\\nthe tragedies and the comedies,\\nconnected with a bygone people.\\nSuch a book would surpass any\\nromance ever printed, for it has\\nbeen well said that one human life\\nexceeds in pathos, in excitement,\\nand in a healthful lesson, any novel\\nas yet written or published in any\\nlanguage.\\nIt was Wordsworth who wrote\\nAh what a warning for a thoughtless man,\\nCould field or grove, could any spot of\\nearth.\\nShow to his eye an image of the pangs\\nWhich it hath witnessed render back an\\necho\\nOf the sad steps by which it hath been trod.", "height": "2651", "width": "1563", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "SEVENTEENTH LETTER\\nT^HROUGHOUT Europe, espe-\\ncially in Germany, Italy, and\\nScandinavia, even in very remote\\nvillages, you will come across glaring\\ncirculars, printed in the language of\\nthe country, issued by railroad com-\\npanies in the United States (the\\nTexas and Pacific, the Union Pacific,\\nthe Iron Mountain), showing a pretty\\nfarm-house, and barns, a pair of ele-\\ngant horses at the door, and fields\\nfairly loaded with grain. The land\\nis all for sale at one dollar an acre,\\nand, to the foreigner, it is made to\\n172", "height": "2645", "width": "1729", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "Observations i iz\\nlook as if he had but to move right\\nin and take comfortable possession\\nwhile, in all probability, the land is\\neither under water, or at the top of\\nsome mountain, or produces nothing\\nbetter than sage-brush. It should\\nbe a crime to fool these people so.\\nJay Gould once told some gentle-\\nmen in London that when he was\\na boy he tried to tell the truth, but\\nfound people were more ready to\\nbelieve a lie than the truth. It is\\nundoubtedly true that his immense\\nfortune was acquired by deceiving\\nand hoodwinking the public. A pros-\\npectus of a railroad, a life insurance\\ncompany, or any great business that\\ntold the truth, and nothing but the\\ntruth, would fall flat.", "height": "2641", "width": "1592", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "174 Observations\\nDennis C. Wilcox, once a leading\\nbusiness man of Connecticut, after-\\nwards of New York City, related to\\nme how at one time he was staying\\nat the United States Hotel, in Sara-\\ntoga, where he met William H.\\nVanderbilt, with whom he was well\\nacquainted.\\nMr. Vanderbilt told him that the\\nNew York Central Railroad was\\nnever so busy that they could not\\nprocure enough freight cars to do\\ntheir business.\\nWilcox told me that on the\\nstrength of this conversation he\\nbouofht a thousand shares of New\\nYork Central stock, kept them for\\na year, and then sold at a loss of a\\nlittle over nineteen thousand dollars.", "height": "2645", "width": "1728", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "Observations 175\\nAfterwards he saw Mr. Vander-\\nbilt and, recalling the conversation,\\ntold Mr. Vanderbilt of his purchase\\nand loss. Mr. Vanderbilt smiled and\\nsaid Why, Wilcox, did you buy\\nat that time I was selling in those\\ndays.\\nIt is amusing to read in the papers\\nthe records of game shot by Kings,\\nEmperors, Czars, Dukes, and Princes,\\nunder the heading, A Royal Rec-\\nord, as if it were something worthy\\nof great note. Thomas Jefferson\\nsays in his time it was customary\\nto send couriers from one King or\\nPrince to another, sometimes over\\nhundreds of miles, announcing the\\nresult of a day s chase. He was so\\ndisgusted with royalty in Europe, one", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "1 76 Observations\\nhundred years ago, that he described\\nit as knowing but one interest in\\nlife the slaughter of birds, deer, and\\npigs, and royalty has changed but\\nlittle since Jefferson lived in Europe,\\nif one only substitutes for the slaugh-\\nter of birds, deer, and pigs, devotion\\nto golf, horses, and yachts. Charles\\nKingsley, one of the noblest minds\\nand sweetest souls the Christian\\nChurch has produced in this century,\\nwhose sublime teachings have minis-\\ntered to the wants and cravinsfs of\\npoor human hearts of this generation\\nperhaps better than those of any\\nother writer, followed the hounds in\\npursuit of hares across the fields,\\ndressed as an English sporting gen-\\ntleman. If the Rev. Leonard Bacon", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "Observations 177\\nof New Haven, or Rev. Horace\\nBushnell of Hartford, had ridden in\\nsportsman s garb, with the hounds,\\nacross the hills and valleys of Con-\\nnecticut, their churches would have\\nostracised them, and their friends\\nhad them confined in some lunatic\\nasylum.\\nHunting In Europe Is practically\\nreserved for wealthy aristocrats, as\\nevery one must procure a license to\\nhunt, and, In some countries, even to\\nhave a gun or pistol In your own\\nhouse. The fee varies from five to\\nthirty dollars a year. It is not un-\\nusual to read of a person having\\nbeen shot while poaching. If you\\nfind a man hunting on your grounds\\nIn Europe, and he does not leave", "height": "2629", "width": "1593", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "178 Observations\\nquickly upon being ordered off, you\\nmay shoot him down Hke a dog, and\\nnever fear punishment. In many\\ncases men are shot without the least\\nwarning to quit.\\nI have met two or three wealthy\\ngentlemen who spoke of having\\nkilled men trespassing on their\\npreserves as unconcernedly as an\\nAmerican soldier writes of killing a\\ndefenceless Filipino. It would seem\\nas if it were high time another\\nChrist was born to call a halt on\\nthe brutality of the existing human\\nrace, and preach anew the doctrine\\nof kindness.\\nChristopher Columbus, whose dis-\\ncovery of the New World advanced\\nthe progress and development of", "height": "2640", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "Observations 179\\nmankind more than any other event\\nin two thousand years, won the sym-\\npathy and love of the untutored sav-\\nages by showering- upon the captive\\npeople unwonted kindness, presenting\\nthem with beautiful clothing, beads,\\nornaments, and returning them to\\ntheir native fastnesses as missionaries\\nto win over their tribes. Columbus\\nmethods are still In advance of the\\nwhite man s government of to-day.\\nEvery boy and girl in America should\\nread Washington Irving s Life of\\nCohmibus.\\nThe late strike of the postmen of\\nParis, which for two days caused an\\nentire suspension of mall delivery,\\nand was broken only by using sol-\\ndiers to distribute the mails, brings", "height": "2632", "width": "1534", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "i8o Observations\\nagain to the surface the troubles and\\nwrongs under which the toihng\\nmasses groan.\\nThe postman receives a salary of\\n$240 a year. Under Napoleon III.\\nthere were 200,000 civil officers in\\nFrance now there are 600,000, and\\nthe number increases at the rate of\\n5000 every year. Even Republics\\ncome high. The French Govern-\\nment expends each year $100, on\\nthe average, for every man, woman,\\nand child. They are now discussing\\nthe creation of a pension for the\\nworking classes in England, France,\\nand Germany. It would be open-\\ning the door for electoral bidding,\\neach candidate, or party, outbidding\\nthe other in promises to increase the", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "Observations i8i\\npensions, until it would result in\\nfinancial madness and national bank-\\nruptcy. The proposed scheme for an\\nold-age pension now under discussion\\nwould cost the United Kingdom\\nover one hundred and twenty-five\\nmillion dollars per annum. The\\npresent Tory Government is commit-\\nted to some scheme of this kind.\\nThirty-eight per cent, of all persons\\nover sixty-five years of age in Eng-\\nland are paupers. A poor ending\\nto a lifetime of toil.\\nI meet in my travels many\\nthoughtful men, who are saying it is\\nbetter to be a citizen of some small\\npower, like Switzerland, Belgium, or\\nthe Netherlands, than a great nation,\\nwhose vast conscripted army, un-", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "1 82 observations\\ntoward navy, and unhallowed am-\\nbition keeps it under a relentless\\ntaxation, and In an ever present\\nperil of cruel war, and perhaps of\\nannihilation.\\nOliver Goldsmith, the champion\\nand poet of the common people,\\nIn descanting upon the extrava-\\ngances of his age, and the tendency\\nfor the few to monopolize all the\\nmoney and all the land of England,\\nsaid\\nI inveigh against the increase of\\nour luxuries and here also I expect\\nthe shout of modern politicians\\nagainst me. For twenty or thirty\\nyears past it has been the fashion to\\nconsider luxury as one of the greatest\\nnational advantages and all the wis-", "height": "2645", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "Observations 183\\ndom of antiquity, in that particular,\\nas erroneous. Still, however, I must\\nremain a professed ancient on that\\nhead, and continue to think those\\nluxuries prejudicial to States by\\nwhich so many vices are introduced\\nand so many kingdoms have been\\nundone.\\nAnd adds\\n111 fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,\\nWhere wealth accumulates, and men decay\\nA time there was, ere England s grief began.\\nWhen every rood of ground maintained its\\nman.", "height": "2637", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "EIGHTEENTH LETTER\\nTT is hardly possible for any one to\\nlive long in Europe without becom-\\ninof interested in that ever-absorbinor\\nquestion, the religious and polit-\\nical power of the Catholic Church.\\nThat question is now more engross-\\ning than ever, owing to the illness of\\nthe Pope, and the necessity of soon\\nelecting another. There are at pres-\\nent twenty-two foreign, and twenty-\\nsix Italian Cardinals, and fourteen\\nvacancies in the Sacred College, and\\na single vote may turn the scale. The\\nItalians are determined that the Pope", "height": "2654", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "Observations 185\\nshall be an Italian, and that their in-\\nfluence shall continue supreme in the\\nChurch, as it has been for the last\\nfour hundred years. But there is a\\nfunny side to all this affair. A man\\nhigh up in the Catholic Church, who\\nlately visited the Pope, told me that\\nwhen congratulating him upon arriv-\\ning at his ninetieth year, the Pope\\nsmiled, and said, I shall live to be\\none hundred, and added, theji we\\nshall see.\\nIt is to the credit of Pope Leo\\nXIII., that when he was recently ap-\\nproached by a syndicate to take off\\nhis hands the manufacture of wines\\nfrom the grapes grown in the gardens\\nof the Vatican, of which he is fond,\\nand offered, for the privilege of", "height": "2645", "width": "1566", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "I/f\\n1 86 Observations\\nlabelling it Wine grown by Leo\\nXIII., to contribute an enormous\\nsum to Peter s pence much as he\\nneeds money for religious, charitable,\\nand political projects, he scorned the\\nidea.\\nTwo elements are always strug-\\ngling for ascendency in the Romish\\nChurch one is the religious, the\\nother the political. Good Catholics\\ndiffer among themselves whether the\\nelection of a religious or a political\\nPope will redound more to the ad-\\nvancement and glory of the Church.\\nThe religious party, It is thought, will\\nconcentrate its votes on Cardinal\\nGotti, a Barefoot Carmelite monk\\nfrom Genoa, distinguished for his\\nlearning and piety. The political", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "Observations 187\\ncandidate will probably be either\\nCardinal Parocchi, the Vicar of\\nRome, or Cardinal Rampolli, the\\nPapal Secretary of State.\\nThe three Governments, France,\\nAustria, and Spain, have the right of\\nveto in the selection of a Pope. The\\npresent Pope, Leo XIII., is a political\\nPope his predecessor was a religious\\nPope. The present Pope represents\\nthat great element in the Catholic\\nChurch which demands the restora-\\ntion of the temporal power of the\\nPope in other words, that the city\\nof Rome shall be governed and con-\\ntrolled by the Church, and that the\\nItalian Government shall renounce all\\nauthority over the same. It is argued\\nthat the moral and political prestige", "height": "2617", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "1 88 Observations\\nof the Church suffers as long as the\\nPope remains a prisoner in the Vati-\\ncan, and that the Church should\\nhave civil authority over the city of\\nRome, which has been its seat almost\\ncontinuously now for two thousand\\nyears, and that it requires this au-\\nthority to appropriately receive the\\nreligious and political embassies from\\nall parts of the world. Every reli-\\ngious order in the Catholic Church\\nhas its central organization at Rome,\\nand the meetings, pilgrimages, and\\nceremonies, it Is claimed, are griev-\\nously hampered by a hostile civil\\nauthority.\\nIt Is the hope and prayer of every\\ndevout Catholic, that in some great\\nupheaval In Europe, amid the clash", "height": "2655", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "Observations 189\\nof arms and tottering thrones, and\\nthe destruction of poHtical dynasties,\\nthe Church may emerge triumphant\\nover its enemies, and once more rule\\nin Rome, as it did before the days of\\nVictor Emmanuel and Garibaldi. So\\nbitter is the feeling between the Cath-\\nolic Church and the Italian Govern-\\nment, that Leo XIII. shuts himself\\nup in the Vatican, and refuses to ac-\\ncept the yearly allowance voted by\\nthe Italian Parliament, so that there\\nis to-day nearly $20,000,000 to the\\ncredit of the Pope in the Italian\\nTreasury, which he refuses to touch\\nbecause, about 1870, the Italian Gov-\\nernment confiscated property belong-\\nInof to the Catholic Church to the\\nvalue of $200,000,000, scattered the", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "iQo Observations\\nPopish army, and took the civil con-\\ntrol of Rome and vicinity out of the\\nhands of the Romish Church.\\nThe Catholic Church embraces in\\nits organization the concentrated\\nwisdom of twenty centuries, and\\nmaintains, side by side, a political\\nand a relio^ious org-anization without\\na peer in the world. The main hope\\nand prop of the young Czar in his\\ndisarmament programme is the zeal-\\nous support he is receiving from the\\nPope. Catholicism is knit into the\\nvery fabric of society In Europe, and\\nno government Is able to conduct Its\\naffairs without either the political or\\nthe moral support of the Church,\\nwhether it has for Its head the Em-\\nperor of Germany, the Emperor of", "height": "2642", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "Observations 191\\nAustria, the King of Spain, the\\nKing of Belgium, the King of Italy,\\nor the President of the French Re-\\npublic.\\nInfidels may scoff, and agnostics\\nmay argue against all revealed reli-\\ngion, but the mass of mankind and\\nwomankind will continue to worship\\nthe one living and true God. Wor-\\nship in Europe means something\\nquite different from worship in Amer-\\nica. One may not endorse or join in\\nall their ceremonies some of them,\\nhowever, are so touching and pathetic\\nthat you can never quite forget\\nthem.\\nOne time I was at Monte Carlo,\\nand witnessed a quaint ceremony at\\na little village near by. First in the", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "192 Observations\\nprocession came a body of Roman\\nguards, with drawn swords, carrying\\na blue banner after them came the\\nRoman Governor and Judas Iscariot\\nPontius Pilate was washing his hands\\nto emphasize his innocence then\\nfollowed Christ, carrying his cross,\\nfollowed by weeping women and\\nchildren. This procession solemnly\\nwound its way up the hill, amid thou-\\nsands of silent spectators, just as the\\nsun was setting behind the snow-clad\\nAlps. The religious teachings of\\ntwenty centuries were thus crowded\\ninto that brief half-hour, and the re-\\nmembrance of that solemn scene will\\nlinger with me so long as life shall\\nlast.\\nI attended recently, in Paris, the", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "Observations 193\\nTheatre Cirque d Ete, and listened\\nto an oratorio, The Resurrection of\\nChrist, written by a young ItaHan\\npriest, Don Lorenzo Perosi. All\\nItaly is resounding with the praises\\nof this young priest. There was a\\nfull orchestra, and the personages\\ncomprised Christ, Mary Magdalene,\\nthe other Mary, Pilate, and two\\nangels. There were solos for Christ\\nand Mary, and a duet for the angels\\na perfect gem. The orchestra was\\nconducted by the young priest in his\\nrobes. He was recalled again and\\nagain, and modestly bowed his ac-\\nknowledg-ments.\\nEvery boy and girl on the Conti-\\nnent takes his or her first communion\\nat ten years of age, and they are con-", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "194 Observations\\nfirmed when twelve years old. It is a\\nvery pretty sight all over Europe to\\nsee the boys with their white and gold\\nbadges on the left arm, and the girls in\\nwhite dresses, and long flowing white\\nveils, walking along the streets or\\nroadways, on their way to the church\\nto be confirmed, accompanied by their\\nfriends. For two days before con-\\nfirmation they are allowed no food\\nexcept a little bouillon. After con-\\nfirmation, and in fact after christ-\\nenings, weddings, and funerals, it is\\ncustomary to have refreshments at\\nthe house.\\nEverything possible is done in\\nEurope to symbolize the Christian\\nreligion. The magnificent cathedrals\\nadorned with grand paintings the", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "Observations 195\\nchapels and monasteries crowning\\nevery hill the prayer crucifixes,\\nwhich line every highway, and are\\noften set in the front walls of private\\nhouses the strange religious proces-\\nsions the Passion Play in these,\\nand in a thousand ways, have the\\nteachings of the Saviour been\\nbrought to the notice and rapt atten-\\ntion of all mankind.\\nIt is not within my province to\\ncriticise or praise the Catholic Church.\\nIt has existed for twenty centuries,\\nand I see no reason why it shall not\\ncontinue to exist as long as man has\\nneed of its divine ministrations. The\\nChurch is human, has had some\\nfaults, and may have some yet. It\\nhas yet some differences to overcome.", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "19^ Observations\\nArchbishop Ireland says the Pope\\nwarned him not to allow the Jesuits\\nto cret control of the Roman Catholic\\nCollege at Washington. The Jesuits,\\nthat order in the Roman Catholic\\nChurch which made so much trouble\\nin the eighteenth century that they\\nwere banished from Portugal, Spain,\\nand France, condemned by Pope Cle-\\nment XIV. (1773), and expelled by\\nBismarck from Germany, advocate\\nthe absolute authority of the Pope in\\nall matters of dogma and discipline.\\nBut remember, with all its faults and\\ncrimes, the Roman Catholic Church\\nhas carried aloft for two thousand\\nyears the banner of the Christian\\nreligion, preserved for us the writings\\nof the disciples, and that without It", "height": "2641", "width": "1632", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "Observations 197\\nthe teachings of Jesus Christ would\\nhave been lost amid the darkness\\nof the Middle Ages. The Church is\\ngrowing wiser and stronger as the\\nyears go by. It reads the same\\nbeautiful funeral service over king\\nand beggar, it preaches the same\\nHeaven for the millionaire and the\\npauper, and it promises Heaven only\\nto those who repent and reform. It\\nhas soothed the death-bed of countless\\nmillions, and it has dispensed, and is\\nto-day dispensing, relief to myriads of\\nbroken hearts, and without its sublime\\nconsolation of a Heaven beyond this\\nmortal life, the world would be an\\naching void to the toiling masses in\\nEurope. Ella Wheeler Wilcox, in a\\nbeautiful poem, says", "height": "2640", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "198 Observations\\nThis world is a vaporous jest at best,\\nTossed off by the gods in laughter\\nAnd a cruel attempt at wit were it,\\nIf nothing better came after.\\nThe Roman Catholic Church, al-\\nthougrh containing- five sixths of all\\nthe people professing Christianity on\\nthe Continent, no longer assumes to\\nbe (thanks largely to Americanism),\\nthe only Church of Christ on earth,\\nbut acknowledges the existence of\\nother Christian churches, by whatever\\nname they may be called, as co-\\nworkers in the great work of evangel-\\nizing the world and spreading the\\nChristian religfion each section of\\nthe Christian Church working in its\\nown sphere each promulgating some\\nof the vital truths of the religion of", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "Observations 199\\nChrist all worshipping the same\\nGod, and looking for salvation\\nthrough the mediation of the same\\nSaviour. The world moves, and\\nreligion moves with it.", "height": "2633", "width": "1537", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "NINETEENTH LETTER\\nT^H E entire population of the world,\\nat the death of the Roman Em-\\nperor Augustus, is estimated to have\\nbeen a little over 54,000,000 the\\npopulation of Europe before the dis-\\ncovery of America (1492) is estimated\\nto have been about 50,000,000 to-day\\nthe population of Europe is 400,000,-\\n000, and of the world 1,500,000,000.\\nIt is useless to speculate what will\\nhappen if this fearful increase contin-\\nues for another century, or two.\\nSufficient unto the day is the evil\\nthereof.", "height": "2660", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "Observations 201\\nTo-day the human race jostle and\\ncrowd each other, struggHng in\\nswarms to secure a bare pittance.\\nThe milHons who have perished in\\nIreland from hunger in the past one\\nhundred years the millions who\\nhave died, and the countless hordes\\nstill dying yearly in India, from\\nfamine, are cold matters of record,\\nthat seem to make no great impres-\\nsion upon us. The population of\\nIreland in 1841 was 8,175,124, and\\nin 1 89 1 4,704,750. In twenty years\\n270,000 houses were levelled to the\\nground under England s beneficent\\nrule there were in England and\\nWales alone, in 1891, 372,184 unin-\\nhabited houses; 2,500,000 people in\\nIndia were receiving daily allowances", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "202 Observations\\nof food in 1898. There was In 1890 a\\ngreat army of 2,407,580 registered\\npaupers in the six countries, England,\\nFrance, Germany, Russia, Austria and\\nItaly and England alone had 780,451.\\nNow comes the awful intelligence\\nthat thousands of people are dying\\nfrom hunger in Russia, due to the\\nfailure of crops horses, cattle, and\\nhuman beings dying together. Ten\\nmillion persons are said to be in re-\\nceipt of charitable relief, which, how-\\never, is of very insufficient character.\\nNearly a fourth of the whole area of\\nEuropean Russia, with a population\\nof 25,000,000, is stricken. The Gov-\\nernment has set apart $22,000,000\\nfor relief, whereas her army and navy\\ndevour no less than $257,000,000", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "Observations 203\\nyearly. Yet there is enough in this\\nworld, and to spare, for every man,\\nwoman, and child. The curse of\\nRussia, Ireland, and India is land-\\nlordism a few men own all the land,\\nand when the crops fail the peasants\\nstarve, and often die like rotten\\nsheep.\\nMan s inhumanity to man\\nMakes countless thousands mourn.\\nThe population of Europe groans\\nunder an expropriation of the na-\\ntional wealth, the heritage of past\\nages, and dating back to Feudal times,\\nwhen military conquest meant the\\nwholesale confiscation of the goods\\nand persons of a conquered people.\\nBut a financial revolution is ac-\\ncomplishing In a lifetime In America,", "height": "2641", "width": "1491", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "204 Observations\\nthrough syndicates, trusts, and mo-\\nnopolies, and the manipulation of\\npublic franchises, and the policy of\\nthe public be damned (as Wil-\\nliam H. Vanderbilt said), what it\\nhas taken ten centuries to bring\\nto pass in Europe. Only 20,000\\nmen out of the 250,000 voters in\\nNew York City pay any taxes\\n31,000 men in the United States pos-\\nsess one-half of all the wealth, or as\\nmuch as the other 15,000,000 men,\\nbased on the census of 1890; 3074\\npersons, or families, own as much as\\n91 per cent, of the entire population\\nof the United States or, to put it an-\\nother way, on a basis of 70,000,000\\ninhabitants, 4074 persons, or families,\\npossess as much property as 63,000,-", "height": "2654", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "Observations 205\\n000 people. History records no\\nsuch rapid concentration of wealth in\\nthe hands of the few since Cain killed\\nAbel, and one man commenced to\\nboss it over another. Govern-\\nments in Europe, as well as in the\\nUnited States, are thus becoming\\ngovernments by a few, for the few.\\nIt has been truly said\\nThe world has not seen, nor has\\nthe mind of man conceived of such\\nmiraculous wealth-p atherinor- as are\\no o\\nevery-day tales to us. Aladdin s lamp\\nis dimmed, and Monte Cristo be-\\ncomes commonplace when compared\\nto our magicians of finance and\\ntrade.\\nThe Czar of Russia has an annual\\nincome of $12,000,000 the Emperor", "height": "2633", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "2o6 Observations\\nof Austria, $4,000,000 the King of\\nItaly, $3,000,000 the Emperor of\\nGermany, $3,800,000 the King of\\nBavaria, a small province in Ger-\\nmany, $1,412,000; and poor Spain\\npays her boy King $2,000,000. The\\nQueen of England and the royal\\nfamily receive salaries amounting to\\n$3,000,000 annually.\\nThese salaries, however, are but a\\ndrop in the bucket, if one only looks\\nback through a series of years, and\\nsees what history has charged against\\nthe accounts of most of these rulers,\\nor their predecessors. Mulhall, the\\nbest living authority on statistics,\\nsays George III. cost England\\n$4,000,000,000, and Napoleon III.\\ncost France $2,024,000,000.", "height": "2656", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "Observations 207\\nThe people of Europe who are\\nstarving to death, or are toiling from\\nthe cradle to the grave to keep soul\\nand body together, are not cheered\\nby that silly poetry of Kipling s\\nthey are looking and praying for a\\ndiviner poet, who will set forth the\\nwronofs and the sufferinofs of the\\nwhite man, flesh of our flesh, and\\nblood of our blood. They think over\\nhere the white man had burdens\\nenough without taking any more on\\nhis shoulders. No German or Rus-\\nsian poet would even dare to-day to\\nwrite, as Kipling wrote, that line,\\nNo iron rule of kino-s. Prison\\ndoors would open very quickly, and\\nclose, even more quickly, behind him.\\nA renowned professor of Berlin Uni-", "height": "2633", "width": "1550", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "2o8 Observations\\nversity, Hans Delbruck, was recently\\nfined 500 marks for commenting un-\\nfavorably upon the expulsion by the\\nGerman Government of the Danes\\nfrom Schleswig. German papers\\npublished a few days ago statistics\\ngiving stupendous figures of several\\nthousands of years imprisonment\\nwhich German subjects had, in the\\naggregate, passed in prison during the\\nlast ten years, for having expressed\\nthemselves in disrespectful terms\\nabout the Emperor. A boy thirteen\\nyears old was tried the other day in\\nGermany for a similar offence, Maje-\\nstatsbeleidigung, as the term is. It\\nought to be a crime to have any such\\nabominable word for ordinary mortals\\nto pronounce.", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "Observations 209\\nQuite true it is that France, on the\\ncontrary, permits the most unlimited\\ncensure of the Government. Lately\\na distinguished French author wrote\\na book, The Army against the Na-\\ntwn, using these expressions The\\nbarracks is nothings but the school of\\nunclean vices of laziness, sneaking\\nwipiidicit^, filthy debauchery, moral\\ncowardice, and drunkenness. If\\nthese old men, upon whose sleeves\\nstars grow as moss grows upon old\\nbenches, were capable of as much\\nstrategy in the field as of trickery in\\nthe offices, we should have no need\\nof the Russian alliance. After a long\\ntrial, in which much testimony was\\ntaken, the writer was acquitted of\\nany criminal liability, and the judge", "height": "2641", "width": "1583", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "2IO Observations\\nsaid he had rendered a pubHc service\\nby writing as he did. It is because\\nof the unbridled Hcense of the press\\nin France that foreicrners form an un-\\njust and unfavorable impression as\\nto the real stability of the French\\nGovernment.\\nIt is undoubtedly true that the evils\\nunder which the people of Europe\\ngroan are so embedded into their sys-\\ntems of government that nothing less\\nthan a revolution, and an upheaval of\\nsociety, will ever bring adequate relief.\\nThomas Jefferson wrote from Paris\\nto President Washington in 1793,\\nsoon after the execution of Louis\\nXVI. and Marie Antoinette, giving a\\nlist of all the ancient abuses which\\nthe Revolution had abolished, and", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "Observations 211\\nunder which the people of France\\nhad groaned for a century or more,\\nand added, My own affections have\\nbeen deeply wounded by some of the\\nmartyrs to this cause but rather\\nthan it should have failed, I would\\nhave seen half the earth desolated.\\nWere there but an Adam and an\\nEve left in every country, and left\\nfree, it would be better than it\\nnow is.\\nCharitable people are often so\\nwickedly imposed upon in Europe by\\nthe fake beggars, that after a while\\nevery one seems to grow very hard-\\nhearted, and refuses to distinguish\\nbetween the deserving and undeserv-\\ning poor. Mendicity Is a profession\\non the Continent beggars and im-", "height": "2633", "width": "1585", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "212 Observations\\nposters are almost synonymous terms.\\nIt was disclosed by a recent in-\\nvestigation made on the part of the\\nGovernment, that there are several\\nprofessors in Paris who teach these\\nimpostors how to gaze at passers-by\\nwith white and apparently sightless\\neyes artificial stumps of legs and\\narms can be hired for one franc a\\nday to cap the climax, there are\\nbooks of addresses containing the\\nnames of charitable persons, one for\\nfive, another for fifteen francs, on the\\ntitle page of which it says, You will\\nbe able to live a year without apply-\\ning twice to the same person. This\\nis reducing begging to a system. It\\nis proposed to pass a law forbidding\\nbegging, and it is said that the", "height": "2641", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "Observations 213\\nmendicants will then resort to the\\nhand-organ, which will prove a greater\\nnuisance than even the plain, every-\\nday, common beggar.", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "TWENTIETH LETTER\\nnPHERE are many pleasant, and\\nmany unpleasant things about\\na trip to Europe. You don t want a\\nstorm at sea. If any one says that\\nhe enjoys a storm, a hurricane on\\nthe ocean, I put him down as half a\\nbrute. Sea-sickness is a disturbance\\nof the nerve centres, and the more\\ndelicate the organization, the more\\nlikely is sea-sickness. The North\\nAmerican Indian was never known\\nto suffer from this trouble, while\\nDarwin, the great scientist, never\\nrecovered from the sea-sickness under\\n214", "height": "2661", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "Observations 2 1 5\\nwhich he suffered on his trip to South\\nAmerica. H is stomach never got over\\nthe long-continued wrenching.\\nDon t Hsten to people who have\\nnostrums to give you, or who ad-\\nvise you to stay on deck and fight\\nit out. Lie down on your back,\\ndrink a little iced champagne with\\na cracker, and give your stomach\\nand nervous system a chance to as-\\nsimilate themselves to the motion of\\nthe ship. I shall never forget the\\nadvice of an old sea captain, who,\\nearly in life, told me at sea, Keep\\nyour bowels open, young man, and\\nnever talk of bad weather until you\\nare in the midst of it.\\nIt is not nearly so warm in Europe\\nas in America. The thermometer", "height": "2634", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "2i6 Observations\\nrarely goes above 80\u00c2\u00b0 Fahrenheit\\nin the shade. Sunstrokes and thun-\\nder-storms are a rarity.\\nThe people are more affable\\nthan in the United States. You\\nare sure of getting a pretty good\\nmeal at even the most out-of-the-\\nway hotels. There is no such\\nrush here as with us. Everybody\\ntakes it easy. An Englishman told\\nme he once called on a lace manu-\\nfacturer on the Continent and found\\nthe latter just going out to his\\nnoon meal. Although expecting to\\nbuy ;^5ooo or ^6000 worth of laces,\\nand most anxious to get away that\\nnight to London, the manufacturer\\nwould not postpone his breakfast,\\nand he told his customer to come", "height": "2635", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "Observations 217\\nback at 3 p.m, if he wished to\\nbuy.\\nIt is very expensive living in Eu-\\nrope. If anybody says he can Hve\\ncheaper here than in America, then\\nyou may conchide he does not Hve\\nin great hixury at home. At the\\nFifth Avenue Hotel, New York, or\\nany similar hotel kept on the Ameri-\\ncan plan, you can board much more\\ncomfortably than you can for double\\nthe money at any hotel or pension in\\nEurope.\\nThe curse of travelingf or livinof\\nin Europe is the pourboire, or fee\\nnuisance. It is with you in the\\nmorning when you first get up, it fol-\\nlows you all day long, like a pestifer-\\nous fly, and only leaves you when", "height": "2635", "width": "1583", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "2i8 Observations\\nyou are sound asleep in your bed,\\nwith your door locked. When you\\nleave the hotel the bell is often rung,\\nand the whole force stands out in\\nline by the door, the porter, the\\nbaggage man (chances are there will\\nbe two of them), the waiter, the\\nbathman, the bootblack, and the\\nchambermaid, every one smiling,\\nwith hands out for a franc or a mark,\\nand blessings or suppressed curses will\\nfollow you according as you fee them.\\nIf you go to a barber shop, besides\\npaying for the shave you must pay\\nfour cents into the pour box. In\\nsome barber shops the fee is all the\\nwages the workmen receive. If you\\ngo to a bath-house a tip is expected\\nif you hire a cab a tip is demanded", "height": "2656", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "Observations 219\\nas a matter of right, and so it is\\ncontinuously. If anybody does any-\\nthing for you he expects some pres-\\nent for it. If you send your servant\\nto the butcher s, baker s, or grocer s\\nthe servant expects and gets a com-\\nmission from the merchant. If a\\nmerchant sends a package to your\\nhouse, the person who brings it ex-\\npects a fee. If you hire a courier\\nor valet he gets a commission of\\nfive per cent, from the hotel on\\nthe amount of your bill unbeknown\\nto you. No landlord dares refuse\\nto pay this commission for fear the\\ncourier or valet will divert the cus-\\ntomers to other hotels. If a oruide\\ngoes with you shopping he will go\\nback afterwards, and demand, and get,", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "220 Observations\\nhis commission on your purchases.\\nIf you visit in a private family, no\\nmatter how rich, you are expected to\\nfee the servants, chambermaid, and\\ncoachman. They charge you not\\nonly for what you eat at a restaurant,\\nbut also for the use of the napkins,\\ndishes, etc. They charge you extra\\nfor the candles in your bedroom, and\\nrush in ahead of you, and light them\\nall. The charge is twenty cents a\\nperson for each day. They will put\\nIn fresh ones every morning whether\\nyou need them or not. Some eco-\\nnomical travellers fill their bags\\nwith the unused candles, and when\\nthey go to a new place forbid the\\nmaid to liorht the candles In the room.\\nThey will charge extra for the", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "Observations 221\\nchambermaid who cares for your\\nroom, until you are Hterally bled in\\nevery move you make.\\nIt all goes well so long as you pay\\nliberally, and are not ill, but woe be\\nunto you if severe sickness overtakes\\nyou. A friend, Mr. Beal, formerly\\none of the proprietors of the Bos-\\nton Post, told me he was traveling\\nwith his wife a few years since on the\\nContinent, and she was taken with\\nthe smallpox. The soldiers came to\\nthe hotel, carried her away to the\\nhospital, and he was never permitted\\nto see her again. Every day a soldier\\nbrouofht him word that she was bet-\\nter or worse, until in about two\\nweeks they brought him word that\\nshe was dead and buried.", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "222 Observations\\nAn American lady came to Cannes\\nwith her husband, who was suffering\\nfrom consumption, and stayed at one\\nof the leading hotels. He lingered a\\nfew days, and then died. She was\\nweeping at his bedside, holding his\\nhand, life had hardly left his body,\\nwhen in walked the gendarmes, or\\nwhat we know as policemen, and\\ntook his body away to the Church,\\nwhere it could remain until buried.\\nShe was obliged, as are all people,\\nto pay the hotel for every article of\\nfurniture in the room where her hus-\\nband died, besides other enormous\\ncharges. At the same time the fur-\\nniture will probably remain in the\\nhotel, and be used by other guests the\\nvery next day.", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "Observations 223\\nAnd still, for all these drawbacks, it\\nis probable that there is no spot on\\nthis planet so comfortable to live,\\nand where one can get as much com-\\nfort out of life as on the Continent of\\nEurope.\\nIn the eighties, I met in Paris a\\ngentleman born in Danbury, Con-\\nnecticut, and who subsequently lived\\nin Chicago, where he accumulated a\\nlarge fortune. I asked him when he\\nwas going back to the United States,\\nand he replied he thought never. I\\nasked him why. He said that, al-\\nthough he did not speak a word of\\nFrench, he expected to finish his days\\nhere with his wife and daug-hter.\\nThat he went back to America about\\nthree years before, and called on his", "height": "2641", "width": "1544", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "2 24 Observations\\nold friends in Chicago, and elsewhere,\\nand they were all so glad to see him,\\nand invited him to sit down. In\\nabout five minutes every one asked\\nto be excused to answer a telegram,\\nor to attend to some business, or to\\nsee some man, and he did not find a\\nman in all United States to talk with\\nover five minutes. He concluded\\nthat in America a man mio-ht as well\\nbe dead as to be out of business.\\nIf you have the means to live with-\\nout work, the Continent Is surely the\\nplace to live. There is a certain\\nfascination about the life. Coffee,\\nand rolls, and eggs, in your bed at\\neight o clock, breakfast at noon, and\\na good hour or two eating it dinner\\nat six or seven o clock, and for six", "height": "2655", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "Observations 225\\nmonths eaten mostly In the open\\nair.\\nIn Germany they have only one\\ngood meal a day, and that is at noon,\\nand the rest is a pick-up, a cold meal,\\nmostly at cafes or beer-gardens.\\nBut what the German lacks in food\\nhe makes up in beer. I know a Ger-\\nman tutor who used to drink from\\ntwenty-five to twenty-eight glasses of\\nbeer at a sitting, and there are many\\nlike him. Last year the consump-\\ntion of beer in Berlin reached the\\nenormous figures of 67,639,000 gal-\\nlons or on an average for every adult\\nman and woman of 180 quarts a year.", "height": "2636", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "TWENTY-FIRST LETTER\\nT^ROUVILLE is the most fash-\\nionable watering-place in France,\\nand, next to Ostend, in Europe. It\\nis an interesting and curious place to\\nan American. The beach is lined\\nwith little houses on wheels, which\\nyou enter, don your bathing suit, and\\nare drawn by horses out into the\\nocean, where you take your swim.\\nBut the vast majority of the people\\nseem to prefer to wade in the surf\\nrather than to swim. So men, wo-\\nmen, and children will pull their\\nclothes as high up around their waists\\n226", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "Observations 227\\nas possible, and wade for hours in the\\nsalt water. The front row at a ballet\\nis a tame affair beside the sights you\\nsee at a French watering-place.\\nThe time and place determines so\\nlargely what is proper. A lot of As-\\nbury Park bathers, parading through\\nCentral Park in their bathing cos-\\ntumes, would throw into conniption\\nfits all the saints and half the sinners\\nin New York City. A line of half-\\nenclosed public urinals, scattered\\nalong Broadway and Fifth Avenue,\\nwould shock the sensibilities of ev-\\nerybody, and still this is what you\\nsee all over Europe.\\nI was amused while visiting the\\nflower market to see for sale great\\nbunches of our wild, wayside, hated", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "2 28 Observations\\nthistle blossom, and they did look\\npretty. I asked what flower that was\\nand they said it was a wild mountain\\nflower for which they had a great sale.\\nWalking one day in the Palm Gar-\\nden at Frankfort a.-M, I was amused\\nto see a crowd about a plant, and\\nstopped to see what it was. I found\\nit labeled American Velvet Plant,\\nbut it was our common New England\\nmullein. In many parks and private\\ngrounds you will see the rhubarb\\nplant used as an ornament also the\\nwhite birch tree is much in vogue.\\nYou will be astonished to see in all\\nFrench markets at this season of the\\nyear such quantities of green walnuts\\nand hazelnuts. They will be found\\nalmost daily at very many restau-", "height": "2640", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "Observations 229\\nrants, and at most well-provided\\nprivate tables. The French claim\\nthey are much more digestible green\\nthan when ripe, or dry, as we eat\\nthem.\\nYou will look aghast at the way\\nparents give wine in France, and beer\\nin Germany, to their children and\\neven to babies, little tots that can\\nhardly walk. He is called a very\\nmean man who has a glass of wine in\\nFrance, or a mug of beer in Ger-\\nmany, and fails to give his children a\\nsip out of the same glass.\\nChildren after a certain age, say ten\\nyears, are separated, the boys being\\nsent to a schoolhouse of their own\\nand the girls likewise. The children\\ngo to school at 8 a.m., and, if the", "height": "2640", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "230 Observations\\nparents are poor and request it, the\\nchildren are kept in until 6 p.m.,\\notherwise they are dismissed at\\n4 P.M.\\nYou soon become disgusted, when\\nyou visit Europe, with the poodle\\nnuisance. I cannot call it anything\\nelse. I never sleep in a strange bed\\nthat I don t imagine that possibly a\\nwoman and her nasty dog slept\\nthere the night before. The way\\nFrench and English women hug, kiss,\\nand fondle their miserable, unsightly,\\neyeless poodles is simply disgusting.\\nTwenty per cent, of the aristocracy\\nof England have no children, and\\nseem to prefer raising Japanese pugs,\\nnow all the rage. Only recently\\nthey had a show in London devoted", "height": "2661", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "Observations 231\\nexclusively to these contemptible\\nJapanese poodles.\\nI beg of you not to infer from any-\\nthing that I have written, or that you\\nhave read elsewhere, that the French\\nare the most immoral people in the\\nworld. If foreigners (the Germans,\\nRussians, Spaniards, English, and\\nAmericans) were excluded from Paris\\none year, immorality would starve\\nto death there. As a rule the mass\\nof the French people are sober,\\nvirtuous, industrious, and saving.\\nEverybody is busy. Even by the\\nroadside one sees little children knit-\\nting, and you rarely see an old lady\\nsit down without some work in her\\nhands. Out of every thousand births\\nin Germany 141 are illegitimate, in", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "232 Observations\\nSweden, loi, in Austria, 147, while in\\nFrance, 84.\\nAccording to a record kept by the\\nChicago Tribiine, the number of\\nhomicides in the United States in the\\nten years prior to 1895 was 48,834\\n(just think of it!), the number of\\nlegal executions, 1030, and of lynch-\\nings, 1655. In the same ten years\\nthere were in France 6620 homi-\\ncides, less than fifty executions, and\\nno lynchings.\\nA few days ago, if you had been\\nwith me at the Orleans station in\\nParis you would have seen a sight\\nnot to be witnessed at any other\\nplace on the globe. There were\\nfourteen trains, each containing 500\\npassengers bound for Lourdes, in the", "height": "2644", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "Observations 233\\nSouth of France. All classes of so-\\nciety were represented, and not a few\\nbore noble names. A large propor-\\ntion of the pilgrims were invalids,\\nparalytics, consumptives, and suffer-\\ners from all kinds of diseases. They\\ngo to visit a church built over a cave\\nin which the Virgfin is said to have\\nappeared in 1858. It was calculated\\nthat 60,000 pilgrims would assemble\\nat Lourdes that week, as that was the\\ntime fixed by the Church for the an-\\nnual pilgrimage. Who says that the\\nage of faith is dead Why not be-\\nlieve in the miracles there transpiring\\neach year, as well as in those other\\nmiracles said to have been performed\\ntwo thousand years ago on the hills\\nof Judea? One is done under your", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "234 Observations\\nown eyes, while the verity of the\\nother depends largely upon tradition\\nand hearsay evidence.\\nPerhaps you have been to St.\\nAnne, Canada, just below Quebec,\\nand seen that pile of crutches, twenty\\nto thirty feet high, thrown away by\\npilgrims who were cured at that\\nfamous shrine. It is almost useless\\nto cavil when you witness these mi-\\nraculous things yourself. Every one\\nhas the right of explaining these\\nsuperhuman events as they choose.\\nIn conclusion, I want you to think\\nkindly of the French people, the only\\nnation in Europe that has no aris-\\ntocracy, and where every man is\\nborn free and equal before the law.\\nWithout their assistance, the Lion", "height": "2657", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "Observations 235\\nwould be floating over every Govern-\\nment building In America, Instead of\\nthe Stars and Stripes, and your chil-\\ndren would be singing God Save\\nthe Queen, and not the Battle\\nHymn of the Republic. Never swap\\nan old friend for a new one. They\\nsent us 10,000 trained soldiers and\\na magnificent navy, loaned us large\\nsums of money, and made the Ameri-\\ncan Republic a possibility. Without\\ntheir assistance George Washington\\nwould have been shot as a rebel, and\\nthe Continental army deported to a\\nworse than a Dry Tortugas. No\\ngrander figure has appeared in Eu-\\nropean or American history than La-\\nfayette, the friend of Washington and\\nof America.", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "TWENTY-SECOND LETTER\\nTT seems good to be back once more\\nin London, where everyone speaks\\nthe mother tongue. It is impossi-\\nble to forget England was the birth-\\nplace and home of Shakespeare, the\\ndramatist of Byron, the poet of\\nBurke, the orator the three greatest\\nmen of the Anglo-Saxon, or any race,\\nin their respective departments. A\\nthousand links of blood and interest\\nconnect us with the hated inhabitants\\nof these green islands, for not a na-\\ntion anywhere loves them, and all the\\nworld would rejoice with Satanic\\n236", "height": "2659", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "Observations 237\\nglee, at their overthrow. Their\\ngrasping disposition, their land-steal-\\ning operations, have disgusted every\\none.\\nChina would have just as much\\njustification in making war upon\\nAmerica because we refuse citizen-\\nship, or even entrance of her citizens\\nto the United States, as the English\\nhave in making war upon the Boers.\\nIt is her eternal, overriding, grasping\\ndespotism that rules and has ruled in\\nher counsels for two hundred years.\\nThe mill of the gods grinds slowly,\\nbut it is to be hoped that some day,\\nsomewhere, she will get her just\\ndeserts.\\nIn talkinor with an Eno-Hshman a\\nfew days ago, I told him of a remark", "height": "2632", "width": "1555", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "238 Observations\\nmade by a little English girl, which I\\nhappened to overhear at Geneva.\\nShe said, laughingly, to her American\\nplaymate, We English are always\\ngrabbing, and my English friend\\nsaid, Yes, the girl was right, and an\\nEnglishman never drops anything\\nthat he once gets hold of, except,\\nperhaps, his h s.\\nHon. John Morley, the brightest\\nLiberal statesman in England to-day,\\nsays, The Imperial policy will in\\nthe end prove England s ruin. Many\\nof her colonies are of no value and\\nnever will be they only drain the\\ntreasury, and the best blood of the\\ncountry, and are constantly embroil-\\ning England with the other powerful\\nnations of the globe. Against a", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "Observations 239\\ncombination of any two or three lead-\\ning governments, she could not,\\nand never expects to be able to, de-\\nfend dominions, so vast, so scattered,\\nand, many of them, so indefensible\\nand unprotected.\\nWhile the Englishman may boast\\nthat the commerce of the world re-\\nvolves around London, let him not\\nforget that she produces only enough\\nfood to support her inhabitants for\\nfive and one-half months and that\\nat the end of a six months siege, if\\npersistently and successfully carried\\nout, her own people would begin to\\ndie, like rats in a vat, from starvation.\\nLet him remember that two thirds\\nof England, nine tenths of Ireland,\\nand nineteen twentieths of Scotland,", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "240 Observations\\nare owned by a small group of land-\\nlords, and, according to Mulhall, a\\nstandard English authority, the land-\\nowners and farmers have lost in cap-\\nital, on account of competition with\\nAmerica, Australia, and Argentina,\\nsince 1880, $2,250,000,000, or over\\n1 50,000,000 yearly.\\nLet him remember that the average\\nproduct per hand in the United States\\nis three times as great as in Europe,\\nand has a value four times as great.\\nLet him remember that the coal-fields\\nof Pennsylvania exceed in territory\\nall France, and, while it is estimated\\nthat Engrland s coal-fields will be ex-\\nhausted in 230 years, that there is\\nenough coal in the United States to\\nsupply the world for several centuries.", "height": "2655", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "Observations 241\\nLet him remember that a Httle\\nmore than a century ago not more\\nthan 13,000 persons in all England\\nwore stockings that all persons\\nwere forbidden to wear clothes made\\nabroad that it was commanded\\nto bury each corpse in a woollen\\nshroud that all woollen factories\\nin Ireland were closed by Parlia-\\nment in 1690; that these infamous\\nlaws were not all repealed until a\\nvery few years ago, and that all this\\nwas done in order to foster English\\nfactories.\\nLet him remember that Ireland\\nhas, ever since George 11. been in\\na chronic state of misery, owing to\\nEngland s barbarous legislation, and\\nthat even now each inhabitant lives,", "height": "2645", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "242 Observations\\non an average, on seven cents a\\nday.\\nLet him remember that there are\\n1,638,000 land-owners in France, and\\nonly 19,275 in the United Kingdom.\\nLet him remember that the support\\nof the paupers of the United King-\\ndom requires an annual expenditure\\nof $60,000,000, or $1.50 to each in-\\nhabitant, (This is far in excess of\\nany other civilized country.) The\\nUnited States expends $2,500,000\\nfor the support of her paupers\\nyearly, an expenditure of four cents\\nto each inhabitant.\\nLet him remember that the\\nUnited States produces one third\\nof the food product of the world let\\nhim remember that, by careful calcu-", "height": "2654", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "Observations 243\\nlation, 70,000,000 Americans repre-\\nsent as much working power, and\\naccomplish as much each day, as\\n150,000,000 Europeans; let him re-\\nmember that to-day England has\\nmore paupers to each 1000 inhab-\\nitants than any other civilized nation\\non the globe let him remember that\\nfor a thousand years England has\\nbeaten her way over the world, as\\na snow-plow engine forces itself\\nthrough great snowdrifts, regardless\\nof what may be in the drift.\\nLet him remember that the\\nUnited States, in one hundred years,\\nwill have 300,000,000 inhabitants,\\nand that but one other power has\\nthe land and facilities of equal\\ngrowth, or ability to support such an", "height": "2634", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "244 Observations\\nimmense population, and that is Rus-\\nsia, the great unknown and unsolva-\\nble problem of the future.\\nAmerica and Russia possess the\\nbest part of the temperate zone on\\neither hemisphere, the natural home\\nof the Caucasian race, and as Glad-\\nstone said, Out of the womb of time\\nare eventually to be evolved the two\\nmightiest nations the world has ever\\nseen America and Russia,\\nEngland and her colonies can\\nboast only 60,000,000 whites, while\\nRussia, with her enormous strides\\nwithin the last forty years, to-day has\\na population of 110,000,000 whites;\\nAmerica has about 56,000,000 whites,\\nper census of 1890.\\nNearly every office in the Estab-", "height": "2660", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "Observations 245\\nlished Church of England is a po-\\nHtical sinecure, the same as the\\npost-offices in America, except that\\nprivate persons have the right to\\nappoint about 10,000 clergymen to\\nthese endowed, or privileged, churches\\nbenefices, as they are called. Near-\\nly every vacancy in the Church, from\\nthe Archbishopric of Canterbury to\\nthe curacy of the humblest parish in\\nEngland, is filled by the political\\nparty then in power, generally by\\nsome avowed champion of its po-\\nlitical principles, or by one of the\\n10,000 persons (some of them of\\nmost dissolute character), holding\\nthe right of appointing the clergy-\\nmen to their respective parishes, a\\nsystem repugnant to the moral sen-", "height": "2641", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "246 Observations\\nsibilities of this age, and a worthy\\ninvention only of a Roman pagan.\\nA few nights ago, I sat in the\\nStrangers Gallery of the House of\\nCommons, and listened to these\\nburning words, from one of Glad-\\nstone s old associates, in opposition\\nto a pending tithing bill in aid of\\nthe Episcopal Church: The bill\\nprovides relief for the suffering\\nClergy of the richest religious com-\\nmunity in the civilized world, by a\\ndraft to be levied, without regard\\neither to creed or means, on the\\nwhole body of the taxpayers of the\\nnation. And this in a nation which\\npretends to lead the world in the\\nmarch of civilization\\nAnother member of Parliament", "height": "2657", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "Observations 247\\nsaid Parishioners could not even\\ndismiss their Clergyman. They took\\nhim, like the weather, as a great nat-\\nural and mysterious fact. If he was\\nbrigrht and cheerful, well and sfood\\nif he was dull and drizzling he must\\nbe put up with. He was an ap-\\npointee of the Government.\\nWe little appreciate the benefits of\\nthe free institutions of America until\\nwe travel abroad. The hopes of\\nmankind for the next one thousand\\nyears are centred in the triumph of\\nAmerican institutions,\\nThe last, best hope of mankind,\\nover any other system of government\\nin existence to-day.\\nWell might Jefferson in many re-\\nspects the most profound statesman", "height": "2627", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "248 Observations\\nthe world has seen in twenty centu-\\nries, wish to have engraven on his\\nmonument at Monticello that he was\\nauthor of the act separating Church\\nfrom State. A thoughtful person,\\ntraversing Europe, can but wonder\\nwhether there would be any, and, if\\nany how much, religious devotion, if\\nthe Church (the Established Church\\nof England, the Greek Church of\\nRussia, the Roman Catholic Church\\nof many Continental countries), were\\ncompelled to depend upon the gifts of\\nits followers, and not upon the public\\ntreasury and, again, if the ever\\npresent crucifix, pictures, and sym-\\nbols of Christ, and His sufferings on\\nthe cross, were banished, and all\\nreligions made to depend solely upon", "height": "2642", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "Observations 249\\nthe teachings of the Clergy, and\\nthe intelHgent faith and benefactions\\nof its behevers. Even RepubHcan\\nFrance, atheistic as she is called, and\\nruled by the Free Masons, as it is\\nclaimed, appropriates annually from\\nthe public treasury over 40,000,000\\nfrancs for the support of the Catholic\\nClergy.\\nAn intelligent Catholic prelate,\\nArchbishop Ireland, who has been in\\nEurope the past winter, and made\\nsome addresses, is several centuries\\nin advance of the average European\\nclergyman.\\nHe is thus assailed in a leading\\nContinental Catholic paper The\\nAmerican bishop recently came to\\nEurope as the commercial traveler", "height": "2639", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "250 Observations\\nof revolutionary ideas. A real scan-\\ndal was caused by this successor of\\nthe Apostles congratulating France\\nupon having become a Free Masonic\\nRepublic. Many prelates look upon\\nMcrr. Irelanci as a savao-e. He\\nhas been thoroughly described as a\\nbombshell.\\nIt is only a little over two thou-\\nsand miles from America to Europe,\\nbut there is nearly two thousand\\nyears difference between the political\\nand religious institutions of the two\\nhemispheres.\\n95", "height": "2660", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "CONCLUSION.\\nIF the reader of this httle book has\\nfound aught of amusement or\\ninstruction, however trifling, I shall\\nfeel fully paid for having dared to\\ncommit my rambling thoughts to the\\npublic.\\nIts composition has helped me\\nwhile away what might otherwise\\nhave been lonely hours. That every-\\nbody will agree with what I have\\nwritten I do not expect. The best\\nof us take only partial views of life\\nand its surroundings.\\nIn closing I can truly say, what\\none of England s great bards has said,\\nWhere er we roam,\\nHis first, best country ever is at home.\\nFINIS.\\n251", "height": "2631", "width": "1621", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2645", "width": "1688", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2644", "width": "1417", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "n^v^", "height": "2633", "width": "1616", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "-^o\\n--t:t=\\\\o**\\n.^h\\nl 1.\\n..A^ ...._..._ ..r t^\\nr.\\nn", "height": "2657", "width": "1619", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "iplpi\\n1iMliliiiliiinr.BimM.litli!iH\\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n020 678 753 3", "height": "2756", "width": "1675", "jp2-path": "observations00hick_0270.jp2"}}