{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4487", "width": "3086", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "n- X)Tq%l\\nBook\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCopyright Is\\nCOPYRIGHT DEPOSffi", "height": "4284", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4252", "width": "2884", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4310", "width": "2724", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4284", "width": "2844", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "1", "height": "4284", "width": "2796", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "H ISTORICAL SERIES No. 12 IN I S", "height": "4390", "width": "3071", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "I\\n1", "height": "4284", "width": "2704", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "r it k\\nhistorical Series\\njpOPULAR histories of subjects in which\\nthe public are interested* No dry statistics*\\nWritten in narrative style* and read like novels.\\nA veritable hit*\\nRetail Price, 10 Cents.\\nML Life of Gen. W. T. Sherman. By W. H. Van Orden,\\n10. The Life of Gen. U. S. Grant. By W. H Van Orden.\\n9. Victoria Queen and Empress. By A. D. Hall.\\n8. Spam and the Spaniards^ By B Kssex AYiwhrop.\\n7. The Life of Admiral Dewey By Will M. Clemens.\\nri Uncle Sara s Shins. A History of our Navy. By\\nA.I). Kail.\\n5 A Life of the Pope /Leo the Thirteenth). By\\nA, D Hall.\\n4, Hawaii. By A. D. Hall.\\nn. Porto Rico. By A. f Hall.\\n2. The Philippines. By A D. FtalL\\n1. Cuba. By A. D. Hall.\\nFor sale by newsdealers everywhere, or sent bv mail, postpaid\\nby the publishers, on receipt of price.\\nSTREET SMITH, Publishers,\\n238 WILLIAM ST.. NEW YORK.", "height": "4240", "width": "2844", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "7# Reader\\nWE trust that you will be thor-\\noughly satisfied with this book.\\n\u00c2\u00abf During the long period of f\u00c2\u00a7*\\ntime that the publications of Street\\nt Smith have been familiar to the reading t\\nX* classes (somewhat more than half a\\ncentury) it has always been our aim to\\ngive to the public the very best literary\\nproducts, regardless of the expenditure\\ninvolved. Our books and periodicals\\nt are today read and re-read in a major-\\nity of the homes of America, while\\nbut few of our original competitors are\\neven known by name to the present\\ngeneration. No special credit is due for\\n\u00c2\u00abf antiquity, but we hold it to be a self-\\nevident fact that long experience, t\\ncoupled with enterprise and the ability\\nto maintain the front rank for so many\\nyears, proves our right to the title of\\nleaders. We solicit your further valued f\u00c2\u00a7\\n\u00c2\u00abS patronage. 4b\\nt STREET SMITH. f\\nG2B", "height": "4212", "width": "2784", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PAUL KRUGER:\\nHIS LIFE STORY.\\nBY\\nFRED* A. McKENZXE,\\nOF ENGLAND.", "height": "4216", "width": "2844", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "PRESIDENT KRUGER IN OFFICIAL DRESS.", "height": "4224", "width": "2792", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "The real kruger\\nAND THE\\nTRANSVAAL\\nTHE BRITONS SIDE\\nTHE BOERS SIDE\\nTHE HISTORICAL FACTS\\nCOMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES\\niff\\nNEW YORK\\nSTREET SMITH, Publishers\\n238 William Street", "height": "4248", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVE!:\\nUbraiT of CoB~ r\\nOffice, of\\n1 5 1900\\nAgister ef Copy**\\n52415\\nEntered according to act of Congress in the year 1900\\nBy Street Smith\\nIn the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.\\nSECJtVJ oOPY,", "height": "4284", "width": "2804", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "paul Kruger: fits Life Story, 1 1\\nChe Cransvaal Boer Speaking for Himself, 85\\nH Brief Rfetory of the Cranavaal Republic, 25\\nf", "height": "4268", "width": "2736", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "FOREWORD.\\nThis little biography is not a political pamphlet in jdis-\\nguise. Those who want transcripts of State papers, the\\ntext of conventions, or the like, will have to seek them\\nelsewhere. My aim has been to tell the story of Kruger\\nthe Man, not to write a history of the Transvaal. What\\nsort of a man is he What are his ideals, his ambitions,\\nhis methods? What was the condition of things that\\nmade the autocratic rule of this patriarch so long possible\\nat the end of the nineteenth century Why his distrust\\nof and enmity to England? These questions I have\\nendeavored to answer.\\nFair play forbids, and loyalty to England does not re-\\nquire, that because Oom Paul is now at war with us I\\nshould seek to put the worst construction on all his acts,\\nor should repeat every scrap of idle gossip against him\\nthat is floating around Gape Town bar-rooms.\\nSo far as possible, facts have been obtained at first\\nhand from men who participated in the events here de-\\nscribed. Free use has been made of the information\\ngiven by contemporary writers. Newspapers, from the\\nCape Town Colonist of seventy-four years ago to the last\\narrivals by mail, have been pressed into service; and in\\nthe chapters describing the early life of Kruger I have\\nbeen indebted to the many books of South African travel\\nissued by missionaries, explorers and others, during the\\nfirst half of this century.\\nF. A. M\\nOctober. 1899.", "height": "4284", "width": "2804", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe war that is now being waged in South Africa, be-\\ntween the Britons and the Boers, is a subject of far more\\nthan ordinary interest to Americans,\\nThe Boers are descendants of the same sturdy Dutch\\nstock which is the ancestry of a great number of our\\npeople, and we are so closely allied to the English by\\nthe double ties of blood and language that the present\\nstruggle assumes somewhat the aspect of a family affair\\nwith us.\\nWith the divided sympathies which exist among us as\\na people, it is particularly desirable to learn the exact\\nsituation, and the causes which have led to this unfor-\\ntunate war.\\nNearly all published works upon the subject are writ-\\nten with more or less prejudice, as they are mainly the\\nwritings of Englishmen or Boers, whose sympathies are\\nnaturally biased in favor of their own nations.\\nThis w r ork has been carefully arranged with a view to\\nplacing the facts before American readers in such a man-\\nner as to give the argument on both sides, followed by\\nan impartial historical summary.\\nThe first section of the book, Paul Kruger: His\\nLife Story, is an excellent personal description of the\\ncharacteristics and habits of the remarkable man who is\\nat the head of the Transvaal Republic, together with a\\nfair presentation of the English side of the case by Mr.\\nFred. A. McKenzie, an Englishman, who writes with\\ncomparatively little prejudice.\\nThis is followed by 4 4 The Transvaal Boer Speaking", "height": "4272", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nfor Himself, which involves a presentation of the other\\nside of the story by M. J. Du Plessis, a native of Johan-\\nnesburg, and an able defender of his country s cause,\\nIn the concluding portion of the work, A Brief His-\\ntory of the Transvaal Republic/ the writer has endeav-\\nored to present the actual historical facts so clearly and\\nconcisely as to enable the reader to obtain a distinct un-\\nderstanding of the exact situation.\\nThere have been wrongs and mistakes upon both sides.\\nWhich nation is the most to blame for the present war is\\nleft to the reader to determine. In preparing the book\\nmany authorities have been consulted to arrive at the\\nreal facts, and the writer trusts the reader will be satis-\\nfied with the result.\\nC. T. B.\\nDecember, 1899.", "height": "4389", "width": "2897", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "PAUL KRUGER:\\nHIS LIFE STORY.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nPRESIDENT, PREACHER, AND PATRIARCH,\\nPaul Kruger is a primitive man, who, by sheer force\\nof commanding personality, has succeeded in life with-\\nout any of the aids of modern civilization. If we can\\nfancy a patriarch of the days of Abraham planted down\\namongst us, he would find himself less out of touch with\\nthe ways and manners of our time than is this Boer ruler.\\nBrought up from early boyhood, almost wholly out of\\ntouch with the complex emotions and artificial ways of\\nthe nineteenth century, he is one in whom the essential\\npassions of humanity were allowed free play. He has\\nstudied life, not from books but from nature, in defend-\\ning himself against savages, in protecting his herds\\nagainst wild beasts. Of city life, he even to-day knows\\nalmost nothing. Existence in close streets would suffo-\\ncate him. His home in Pretoria would be regarded by\\nthe European as quite rural, and during his seventy-five\\nyears he has not spent more than a few weeks in large\\ncentres of population.\\nApart from gunpowder, tobacco and steel, he owes civil-\\nization for little. We rely for our safety on the police-\\nman and the soldier he long looked for his to his readi-\\nness with his rifle. Our lines of action are fixed for us", "height": "4280", "width": "2652", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12 President, Preacher and Patriarch.\\nby hoary law his were, for nearly fifty years, those dic-\\ntated by family tradition and personal will. We pride\\nourselves on our complex needs, on our education, on\\nour manifold interests in life; his needs are of the\\nsimplest a gun, a bag of oatmeal, and a strip of dried\\nmeat suffice him. Even now, surrounded by men who\\nindulge in all the luxuries of life, he still keeps to the\\nsimplest fare. Of education, in the scholastic sense of\\nthe term, he has next to none. He can only read his\\nBible slowly, and ordinary writing is practically incom-\\nprehensible to him. Books and newspapers, save the one\\nBook, are ignored by him and the one form of secular\\nliterature he looks at is State papers. His writing is con-\\nfined to signing his own name, and that is an operation\\nonly performed with difficulty. His language is a patois\\nlimited to a few hundred words; and, though he under-\\nstands English, he never speaks it.\\nTo-day, as President of the Transvaal Republic, a mill-\\nionaire, and the practical autocrat of a State as large as\\nFrance, he still lives after the manner of a simple\\nfarmer. Up at five in the morning in summer, and a\\nlittle later in winter, he drinks an early bowl of coffee,\\nand then takes his big pipe and goes out on the veranda\\nof his house to receive visitors. Men of all kinds come\\nto see him. Once he welcomed all; to-day his door is\\nshut on most strangers. None can wonder that he has\\ntired of receiving curious globe-trotters, who gazed at\\nhim as at some wild beast, only to come back to Europe\\nand write ridiculing his manners and appearance. A\\nvisitor now has to be introduced by one of the Presi-\\ndent s friends; but a burgher, however poor or rough,\\ncan walk in without ceremony, and discuss the affairs of\\nthe land with the utmost freedom. It is a sight worth\\ngoing far to look on, the President and a party of\\nburghers laughing together, poking each other in the ribs", "height": "4272", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "President, Preacher and Patriarch, 13\\nto emphasize their own wit, and filling the air with their\\ntobacco smoke.\\nAbout half-past seven the informal levee ends, and\\nKruger enters his sitting-room for family prayers. A\\nbrief address accompanies the short passage of Scripture,\\nand is followed by a long prayer. After breakfast come\\naffairs of State. Though head of a republic, Kruger no\\nlonger trusts himself unprotected amidst the people.\\nTwo sentries stand always in front of the gateway to his\\nhouse, and when he leaves home for the Government\\nbuildings, escorts of armed cavalry precede and follow\\nhis carriage, bearing with them the Transvaal flag.\\nWhen the Volksraad, or Parliament, is meeting, sittings\\nbegin at nine in the morning, and Kruger is a constant\\nattendant, taking part in all the debates. Four hours of\\npolitical work, varied by frequent adjournments for\\nsmoking and conversation, bring him to dinner-time.\\nHe has no merely nominal task in this work of govern-\\nment. Everything centres around him. The Volksraad\\nis more or less subordinate to him, and his political in-\\nfluence is sufficient to carry everything he wants. Time\\nafter time great efforts have been made to break his power\\nthere. Cliques have been formed amongst the members.\\nGreat sums of money have been spent in bribing repre-\\nsentatives to oppose the President. But the end has al-\\nways been the same. If the Raad resists too strongly,\\nKruger simply says that he will resign, and that threat\\nis enough to bring all to their senses. For it is an article\\nof faith among the rural Boers of to-day that the safety\\nof their State is bound up with Paul Kruger.\\nHe has to see to everything himself. His assistants\\ncan arrange details, but the final decision, even in the\\nmost trivial affair, rests wath the Executive Council,\\nwhich means the President. Those who picture him as\\nthe tool of clever Hollanders hardly know the man. He", "height": "4276", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14 President, Preacher and Patriarch.\\nuses Hollanders so far as they serve his purpose, but no\\nfurther and the moment any one sets himself against\\nhim, that man is practically wiped out of Transvaal poli-\\ntics. Needless to say, all this cannot be done without a\\nreal knowledge of men. The President knows the best\\nway to influence his often obstinate subjects. To one\\nhe appeals on religious grounds, silencing him with a text\\nof Scripture, or the example of an Old Testament\\npatriarch another he convinces by a harsh and vivid para-\\nble a third he laughs down. Friends and foes alike ad-\\nmit that he is most obstinate. Once an idea gets into his\\nhead, it remains there and once he has fixed on a pur-\\npose he carries it out, however far round he has to go\\nto get to it. He may turn and twist for a time, but his\\nend is always the same. He has not, perhaps, the nimble-\\nness of thought on which men of to-day pride themselves\\nbut he is not dependent on the latest visitor for his ideas.\\nWhen the morning s work is done he returns home for\\ndinner, to his modest one-storied house. Mrs. Kruger,\\nlike the good German housewife she is, cares nothing for\\nher husband s political affairs, but takes every care to see\\nthat his clothes are properly aired, and his meals are\\ncooked to his liking. His food is of the simplest. He\\nhas not yet lost the old love for fat mutton, or for such\\nhomely dishes as kop en portgis (sheep s head and trot-\\nters). Coffee is his great drink coffee first thing in the\\nmorning, coffee last thing at night. The State allows\\nhim, besides his salary of \u00c2\u00a38,000 a year, a further grant\\nof \u00c2\u00a3300 for coffee money/ and rumor says that his good\\nwife makes the coffee money meet all the household ex-\\npenses. He takes meat three times a day chop or steak\\nfor breakfast, a roast for dinner, and meat of some kind\\nfor supper; and at dinner time he likes to have plenty\\nof vegetables. He drinks no wines or spirits, varying his\\ncoffee with milk.", "height": "4272", "width": "2840", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "President, Preacher and Patriarch. 15\\nAfter dinner comes a brief nap, and then again to\\naffairs of State. It is often about six o clock before the\\nold man can withdraw from routine business, and go\\nagain out on his veranda with his pipe. Once more visi-\\ntors flock in, usually only the more intimate being then\\nreceived. The President s tobacco pouch is passed round,\\nand much busines^is done on that stoep. At about seven\\nthe President again leads in family worship, then comes\\nsupper, and soon after eight o clock he is in bed.\\nIllness is almost unknown to him, though during the\\npast three years he has shown signs of the great strain\\nhis position involves. But his nerves were hardened by\\nmany years on the veldt, and he is almost indifferent to\\npain. It is told how once when in Europe, suffering\\nfrom toothache one night at Lisbon, he deliberately\\nhacked away at his gum with a pocket-knife until the\\ntooth was out.\\nIn any attempt to estimate President Kruger two\\nthings must be remembered. First, he is sincerely re-\\nligious secondly, his ideas of political morality are not\\nthose of Europe. None who impartially considers the\\nman can doubt the sincerity and strength of his religious\\nconvictions. They permeate his every action and speech,\\nand nothing makes him so indignant as to be charged\\nwith falseness. The one thing he has never forgiven\\nMr. Chamberlain is the accusation that he did not keep\\nhis promises. His Bible, as has been said, is his one\\nbook; once a month he. conducts the service in the little\\nDopper church near his home, and he is never so happy\\nas when discussing points of doctrine with strangers.\\nAlthough a member of the most extreme Protestant sect\\nin the world, he does not carry the doctrines or practices\\nof his church to their utmost. For instance, he now dis-\\ncards the favorite and orthodox dress of his communion,\\nthe short jacket and wide-brimmed hat. He does not", "height": "4284", "width": "2760", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "16 President, Preacher and Patriarch.\\ninsist on the excommunication of all who are not Dop-\\npers. M But while willing to look with lenient eye on\\npartly orthodox folks, such as Presbyterians, Lutherans\\nor members of the regular Dutch Church, he regards\\nJews and Roman Catholics as outside the pale, and no\\nJew or Roman Catholic can participate in any way in the\\ngovernment of the Transvaal Republic.\\nHis ideal is not so much a republic as a theocracy.\\nThe vision of a kingdom of God on earth, a kind of\\nmodern reproduction of Palestine under Solomon, haunts\\nhis dreams. He sincerely regards the Boers as the*\\nChosen People of God, and the great mass of his subjects\\naccept the same view. In the days of President Burgers\\nhe led an attack on that ruler because he had started a\\nwar when God was not on our side. He regards the\\nvictory at Majuba Hill as a direct interposition of Provi-\\ndence in favor of his people. The nation that fears God\\nand obeys Him is the only prosperous nation is his\\nmotto.\\nBut alongside with this sincere piety is a side of his\\ncharacter which repels one trained in English morality.\\nThe Boer in old days could only survive by using his\\nwits against the black man. He learnt from the Kaffir\\na subtlety, a power of drawing fine distinctions, a cun-\\nningness, and a way of keeping promises in the letter\\nbut not in the spirit, which to us seem to ill accord with\\ncommon honesty. Gunning is accounted amongst the\\nBoers the highest proof of talent, wrote a traveler nearly\\nseventy years ago. No people can trick or lie with more\\napparent sincerity, their phlegmatic insensibility to shame\\nand external simplicity of demeanor alike contributing to\\ntheir success. To deceive an opponent, as was done\\nwith the Johannesburgers after the capture of Jameson,\\nto tell half truths, to fool, is accounted th^ height of\\nstrategy, especially when you are dealing with an adver-", "height": "4284", "width": "2800", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "President, Preacher and Patriarch. 17\\nsary in whose honor or honesty you as little believe as\\nKruger does in that of the English.\\nNor is his view of political rectitude of a kind that-\\ncommends itself to Englishmen. He believes in sticking\\nto his friends, whatever those friends may have done;\\nand if one is too zealous, and plunders a treasury, or\\nbrutally ill-treats a native, or injures an Englishman, and\\nis convicted by a court of law and sentenced to fine or\\nimprisonment, the President is almost sure to remit the\\nimprisonment or to find a way of making up the fine.\\nHe does this, not because he sanctions the wrong-doing,\\nbut because he feels he must loyally stand by his friends.\\nLike most Boers, he sees no harm in personal profit out\\nof politics. There is little reason to believe that he him-\\nself has ever been largely bribed and his great wealth\\nacquired in recent years can be easily accounted for by\\nthe increased value of his land. But he sanctions and\\nopenly defends politicians and members of the Volksraad\\naccepting presents from interested parties. He heaps up\\nposts and public wealth on his relations in a way that\\nwould put Tammany Hall to shame. He believes it is\\nlawful for the Chosen People to spoil the Egyptians.\\nIn short, President Kruger is not an ideal character\\nsuch as novelists create. He is a strong man, of great\\nvirtues and great faults, one whose character is singularly\\nnoble in many ways and sadly deficient in others. In\\nremembering the conditions from which he has come,\\none may well wonder that the limitations are not greater.\\nHe makes an easy subject for ridicule. His uncouth\\nappearance, his odd attempts at state and show of dignity,\\nhis old-fashioned dress, his strange prejudices, are the\\nsubjects of many a laugh throughout South Africa. He\\nwas m 1891 asked to be patron of the Queen s Birthday\\nBall. He declined in horror, alleging that a ball was a\\nkind of Baal worship, akin to those practices for which", "height": "4276", "width": "2660", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "1 8 President, Preacher and Patriarch.\\nthe Lord had, through His servant Moses, ordained the\\npunishment of death. As it is therefore contrary to His\\nHonor s principles, His Honor cannot consent to the\\nmisuse of his name in such a connection, his secretary\\nwrote. His dress is certainly not made in Bond street or\\nFifth avenue. The baggy trousers, the shiny frock coat\\nfastened by the top button, and the old silk hat, strike\\nevery visitor as ludicrous. Nor are his manners those\\nthat would pass muster with the Four Hundred. He\\nspits freely wherever he is/ and he shares the common\\nBoer idea that pocket handkerchiefs are more for orna-\\nment than for use. He does not see the necessity of a\\ndaily shave, and the stubby beard of four days growth\\nadds no attractiveness to his appearance.\\nYet his sense of humor is in some ways keen. It often\\ntakes the boyish form of giving his companion a sly dig\\nin his side, or coming unexpectedly behind a companion\\nand tapping him on the head with anything that is handy.\\nIt is sometimes hard for the outsider to appreciate this\\nhumor. A Boer jailer once showed it in its highest form.\\nHe was flogging a prisoner, and, after laying on twenty-\\nfive lashes with the cat, demanded that the prisoner should\\nsay Thank you for what he had received. The Kaffir\\nrefused, whereupon the jailer gave another cut. It is\\ntrue that it requires a special sense to appreciate the fun-\\nniness of this.\\nMr. Kruger s humor sometimes takes the form of sly\\nverbal digs, especially at his religious opponents. Once\\nthe Jews presented a petition asking for grants for their\\nschools. The old President turned on them with benevo-\\nlent gaze. Why are you so small-minded he asked.\\nI am not. I take your Old Testament and read it, why\\ndo you not take my New Testament? If you do, you\\nwill have the same privileges as others. I will lay your", "height": "4324", "width": "2824", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "President, Preacher and Patriarch, 19\\ngrievances before the Executive Council. Your religion\\nis free, but you must obey the law.\\nOn another occasion he consented to open a Jewish\\nTabernacle. In the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, I\\ndeclare this building open, he said in a loud voice, so\\nthat all could hear.\\nYet a third example of his humor. When the members\\nof the Johannesburg Reform Committee were released\\nfrom prison, some of them went to thank the President.\\nKruger naturally despised them. You know, he said,\\nI sometimes have to punish my dogs, and I find that\\nthere are two kinds of dogs. Some of them who are\\ngood come back and lick my boots. Others go away and\\nsnarl at me. I see some are still snarling, but I am glad\\nyou are not like them.\\nOh, that was only my joke, he said, when he saw\\nthat they took the parable ill.", "height": "4280", "width": "2660", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II.\\nFIRST I M PRKSSION S.\\nPaul Kruger was born under the British flag, and for\\nthe first ten years of his life was a British subject. Of\\ndirect German descent not Dutch, as is popularly sup-\\nposed\u00e2\u0080\u0094 he came from the family of one Jacob Kruger.\\nwho in 1713 arrived in Cape Town a youth of seventeen,\\nin the service of the Dutch East India Company. Caspar\\nKruger, a descendant of Jacob, settled down on. a farm\\nin Beulhock, near Colesburg; and on October 10th. 1825,\\nhis son Stephanus Johannes Paulus was born.\\nIt is said that the impressions one receives in early\\nrhildhood remain throughout life: and in the case of\\nPaul Kruger, childish impressions were one and all calcu-\\nlated to give a hatred of British rule. Cape Colony was\\nthen at its lowest point. The Dutch farmers, who had\\nbeen hastily transferred to the British Crown, did not\\nappreciate the change and it must be confessed that the\\nactions of the British officials were not calculated to give\\nthem a very high idea of the value of their new citizen-\\nship. Cape Colony was on the very boundaries of civili-\\nzation and its white population was so thinly scattered\\nthat each family had perforce to be an isolated unit, al-\\nmost wholly out of touch with its neighbors. In former\\nyears each farmer had been given as much land as he\\ncould walk across in half an hour, and consequently most\\nof the farms were three miles in diameter, their bounda-\\nries marked by heaps of stones, and only a very small\\nportion of the land cultivated.", "height": "4328", "width": "2816", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "First Impressions.\\n21\\nSchools were practically unknown, and it was only with\\nthe utmost difficulty that the children could be taught to\\nread. Young Paul never got beyond being able to trace\\nout his name and to spell his Bible. The usual teachers\\nwere old and discharged soldiers, who were taken on the\\nfarms because they were fit for nothing else, and who,\\nas the farmers used laughingly to remark Must be fit to\\nteach because they could do no other thing/ It will be\\nremembered how when M. Stoubert was appointed to the\\ncure of Ban de la Roche., he asked to be taken to the chief\\nschool, and w r as shown a miserable hovel where a number\\nof children were crowded together- noisy, w r ild, and\\nmaking no attempt to learn. A little, withered old man\\nwas lying on a bed in the corner. Stoubert went up to\\nhim. Are you the schoolmaster, my good friend\\nYes, sir. And what do you teach the children?\\nNothing, sir/ Nothing! how is that? Because,\\nreplied the old man simply, I myself know nothing.\\nWhy, then, were ybu appointed schoolmaster? Why,\\nsir, I had been taking care of the Waldbach pigs for a\\ngreat number of years, and when I got too old and in-\\nfirm for that, they sent me here to take care of the chil-\\ndren.\\nThe same system applied in Cape Colony. All of young\\nKruger s book learning was obtained from a meister\\nsuch as this, and from an old Boer woman.\\nIt is difficult for us to now realize that in his childhood\\nKruger was brought up amidst the slave population.\\nAround the farm would be, as on every farm, a number\\nof blacks, whose future was wholly in his father s hands.\\nIf his parents took him into the town on a market day\\nhe could see in the central square slaves being publicly\\nflogged for theft and other petty offenses and his eye", "height": "4276", "width": "2636", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "22\\nFirst Impressions,\\ncould hardly avoid gazing on placards with announce-\\nments like this:\\nA SLAVE WOMAN AND HER FOUR CHILDREN.\\nAt Messrs. JONES COOK S sale on Saturday morn-\\ning will be sold the slaves named as below stated\\nAMDOCA, a female, 28 years old, housemaid.\\nMUGTILDA, a female, 14 years old, housemaid.\\nTITUS, a boy, 10 years old, apprenticed to a tailor.\\nJOHN, five years old.\\nAUGUST, one year and three months old.\\nThe two latter will be sold with their mother.\\nA credit of six months, with interest from day of sale,\\nwill be given upon approved security.\\nWolff Bartman,\\nAuctioneers.\\nThe colony was at least ten weeks distance from Eng-\\nland, and no news could reach it from Europe until\\nmonths after the event. Books were scarce, newspapers\\nfew, small and dear. There had been a museum, but it\\nwas closed for want of support and the public library\\nconsisted of a stock of almost useless volumes, mainly\\nold divinity. One of the amusements of the people of\\nCape Town was visiting the convict ships that called on\\ntheir way to Van Diemen s Land.\\nAll the colonists were most desperately poor, and the\\ndollar, nominally worth four shillings, only realized\\neighteen pence. Civil servants were often months behind\\nwith their salaries. Credit was universal, and there was\\nhardly a farm in the colony which was not mortgaged.\\nThe white men, divided in the two great cliques of\\nthe English administrators and the Dutch farmers, lived\\nin almost hourly peril of their lives. On the farms it", "height": "4324", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "First Impressions.\\n^3\\nwas necessary to be continually armed and long before\\nthe boy Kruger was strong enough to hold a musket he\\ncould use a bow and arrow with considerable skill, help-\\ning with them to drive off the wild animals attacking his\\nfather s cattle. The farmers were threatened with two\\ngreat perils. The Kaffirs and Bushmen were continually\\nleaving their borders and killing whatever whites they\\ncould find. The 36,000 slaves in the colony were never to\\nbe relied on. The white man held his own only by his\\nskill with his rifle and his readiness in wielding the sjam-\\nbok. The farmers were most of them\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in the worst\\nstraits, especially those on the frontiers. A local journal\\nin 1835 described them as miserably deficient in cloth-\\ning, in furniture, in culinary utensils, in apartments\\nhalf a dozen people often sleeping in the same room, with-\\nout instruction, destitute of books. They lived in the\\nsimplest fashion, making almost everything for them-\\nselves that they required, lacking what are now consid-\\nered the most elementary requirements of civilization or\\nof common decency. They mostly slept in the same\\nclothes as they worked in, often not changing their attire\\nfor weeks altogether. In some parts there almost seemed\\na danger of their sinking to the depths of the ignorance\\nand superstition of the Hottentots. From this they were\\nonly saved by two things their passionate love of liberty\\nand their zeal for religion.\\nIn the Kruger household religion was regarded as the\\nmain affair of life. The father was a member of the\\nnarrowest section of the Dutch Church in South Africa,\\nafterwards known as Doppers. It is difficult for an out-\\nsider to understand the real differences between the Dop-\\npers and the Established Church. The principal one was\\nthat the Doppers would sing only psalms in their worship,\\nobjecting to man-made hymns on the ground that they\\nwere carnal. They further believed it was not right to", "height": "4268", "width": "2660", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "24\\nFirst Impressions.\\nfollow changes of fashion in personal dress, and they\\ncould be distinguished by their large vests buttoned up\\nto the chin, their short jackets and wide-brimmed hats.\\nBut the Dopper spirit went beknv that. To be a Dopper\\nmeant to object to change of any sort in any way, to\\nresist every reform, good or evil, simply because it w T as\\na reform, to be imbued with a spirit of Toryism, such as\\nto the people of Europe would seem incomprehensible\\nand incredible.\\nThe Krugers and all the Dutch farmers had not taken\\nkindly to English rule. They had many grievances. Our\\nGovernment would not permit them to fight the native\\ntribes with the same severity as formerly. They blamed\\nus for the depreciation of the coinage. They said they\\nhad been ill-treated by England withdrawing her prefer-\\nential tariff on Cape wanes. Then came the final blow.\\nIn 1833 and 1834, England ordered the emancipation\\nof the slaves. Compensation was allowed to the owners,\\nbut the regulations and restrictions were such that very\\nfew of the farmers received the money the English Par-\\nliament had granted them. The Cape Colony was flooded\\nwith a number of idle wanderers hanging around every\\nfarm, refusing to work, making the country unsafe. The\\nemancipation of the slaves alone would not have turned\\nthe Dutch farmers from us, but that, coming on the top\\nof many other grievances, made the burden intolerable.\\nWe white African farmers, they said, cannot live with\\nany feeling of security in a country with so many black\\ntribes under Her Majesty s Government. We have been\\noppressed under British rule, which oppressions we can-\\nnot even name, for these no newspaper could contain\\nthey would certainly fill a large volume. Many had\\nalready by ones and twos made the plunge into the great\\nunknown country to the north. It was now determined to\\ndo this on a large scale. Under the leadership of Pot-", "height": "4284", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "First Impressions.\\n25\\ngieter, a great army of farmers abandoned their homes,\\npiled their belongings in big ox-wagons, and trekked to\\nthe far interior. They had strange visions, these wan-\\nderers not only were they escaping from British rule,\\nbut they hoped to penetrate through the wild country\\nright into Palestine, the land which was rightly theirs as\\nthe chosen people of the Lord. Among these wanderers\\nCaspar Kruger held a prominent place and young Paul\\nKruger, then ten years old, marched at the head of an\\nox-wagon going due north.", "height": "4268", "width": "2660", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III.\\nTHE MAKING OF THE MAN.\\nIn South Africa the drift of civilization is ever not\\nwestward but northward. The Vortreekers were, as they\\nknew, taking their lives in their hands in thus plunging\\ninto the wilderness; but the spirit of the wanderer was\\nin their veins; and most of them were never so happy\\nas when, w r ith all their household goods in an ox-wagon,\\nthey roamed the land, surrounded by their flocks and\\nherds,\\nCaspar Kruger was comparatively a rich man, and pos-\\nsessed numerous flocks so he did not go in the forefront\\nof the expedition, and did not seek for adventures. For\\nsome time he remained near the Caledon River, and in\\n1837 he went to Natal.\\nYoung Paul, with flint-lock over his shoulder and whip\\nin hand, was ever busy defending his father s flocks. He\\nwas, as all the stories of that time go to show, a high-\\nspirited, bright lad, capable of doing almost anything in\\nthe saddle or with his rifle. Tradition says that when\\nonly eight years old he once defended himself and a little\\ngirl from an attack by a wild beast with a jack-knife\\nalone. He could ride as well bare-backed as in the saddle.\\nWhen galloping at full speed, pursued by some angry\\nbuffalo, he could turn round, detach his rifle, fire at and\\nhit in the centre of the head his pursuer. It was a\\nlife which none but the hardiest could survive. Battle\\nand death were the subjects of hourly talk. He had to\\nbe ever on the qui vive to save his father s flocks from\\nwild beasts; and even before he reached his teens his", "height": "4284", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "The Making of the Man.\\n27\\nadventures as a lion-killer were sufficient to throw those\\nof some famous modern travelers in the shade. He sel-\\ndom talks about those old days now, and he takes the\\nadventures of that time so much as a matter of course\\nthat he does not think them worth mentioning. When\\nI was a child/ he says, I had to look after the sheep\\nand the cattle of my father. In those days I killed such\\na great number of lions, elephants, buffaloes, and rhi-\\nnoceroses, that it is impossible for me to say the exact\\nnumber I shot. I had to keep them away from the cattle,\\nand I succeeded in doing so.\\nHis father was a famous hunter, and set the boy an\\nexample if example were needed of coolness of nerve\\nand steadiness of aim. An old traveler, long since dead,\\ntold the following story\\nThe father of young Kruger, said he, was celebra-\\nted in this part of the country for his exploits in lion-\\nhunting with his son. The latter came unexpectedly on\\na lion and fired, but missed his aim, w r hen the animal\\nrushed fiercely upon him. The father, who witnessed\\nfrom a distance what had occurred, with all that coolness\\nand confidence which those only who are accustomed to\\nsuch encounters can command, came to his son s assist-\\nance. Approaching within a few yards of where the lion\\nlay growling over its victim, whom it seemed to press\\ncloser to the earth as if fearful of losing its prey, he\\nleveled his piece and fired. The ball passed through the\\nanimal s head, when it rolled over and, after a few strug-\\ngles, expired near the body of the young man, who, to the\\ninexpressible joy of his parent, had sustained no serious\\ninjury. On my remarking that it was a surprising deliv-\\nerance, Yes, he replied emphatically, God was there/ 99\\nThe invading Boers had time after time to fight the\\nnative tribes. Paul was at Vechtkop (Battle Hill) when\\nthe great host of Matabele tried to storm the Boer laager,", "height": "4244", "width": "2684", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "28\\nThe Making of the Man.\\nHalf a hundred wagons were lashed together in a circle,\\nthe interstices being filled with bushes. Behind the\\nbushes stood the Boer men and boys, ready to sell their\\nlives dearly, and on rushed five thousand Matabele war-\\nriors, flinging their clouds of assegais into the laager, and\\nseeking to storm the position. The host surged forward\\ntill the bloodshot gleam of their dull eyes could be seen\\nby the defenders, and till the hot breath of their mouths\\ncould be almost felt. They rent the air with their war\\ncries. Steadily the Boers poured their fire into the black-\\nbodies and amongst the defenders was young Paul, then\\nonly a boy of eleven, but doing his part in front like any\\nman. Lads have to develop early on the veldt. At last\\nthe Matabeles were driven off, but not before they had\\nstolen the strangers cattle. That night in the Boer camp\\nwere prayers and hymns of thanks to God for their vic-\\ntory.\\nIn 1837 an event happened which could not but im-\\npress itself on the imagination of the lad. The Boers\\nhad spread themselves over one part of Natal, and were\\nanxious to secure from Dingaan, the Zulu leader, a treaty\\ngiving them legal rights to the land. Piet Retief, the\\nleader, attended by an imposing party of Boers, made a\\nstate visit to Dingaan s kraal, bearing many presents.\\nDingaan received them in a most friendly way, and had\\nall manner of festivities in their honor. A treaty was\\ndrawn up ceding the land to the Boers, and was signed\\nby the king and his chiefs. Then Dingaan invited Retief\\nand his followers to lay their arms on one side, and, as a\\nfinal sign of confidence, to share unarmed in a drink of\\npeace. Not suspecting treachery, they did so, and while\\nthe cup was in their hands Dingaan s warriors filing\\nthemselves on them, assegaied every man, and hacked av\u00c2\u00bb 1\\nmultilated the bodies. Then the Zulus, intoxicated w :Ui\\ntheir success, made expeditions to the outlying fan", "height": "4320", "width": "2820", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "THe Making of the Man.\\n29\\nand slew hundreds of the Boers. A small party of farm-\\ners got together, formed their wagons into a laager, and\\nprepared to sell their lives dearly. The girls and women\\nloaded the muskets, or themselves took part in the shoot-\\ning; and for three hours the righting steadily continued,\\ntill at last a party of Boers finally routed the Zulu impi\\nby an unexpected charge.\\nIt was a strange school for the boy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a school where\\none learns self-control, self-confidence, watchfulness, and\\nforesight but where the virtues of tenderness and pity\\nhave perforce to go to the wall. The Boer* had to shoot\\nor be shot. He then was the Uitlander, and as an Uit-\\nlander had to be prepared to defend his invasion by\\nstraight shooting. This was by no means the only time\\nthat Paul stood in laager resisting the savage attacks.\\nIn 1838 the Krugers moved up to the Mooi River, and\\nin 1842 they finally settled in the beautiful and fertile\\ndistrict of Rustenburg. For nearly seven years they had\\nno settled home and of the many stories of Kruger which\\nhave come down since that time, and which are now\\nrepeated each night on a hundred Boer stoeps, perhaps\\nthe favorite is of how he lost his thumb. He was out\\nhunting, and, being anxious to shoot a rhinoceros, he\\ncrammed an extra charge of powder down his muzzle\\nand fired. The gun burst, shattering the top joint of his\\nleft thumb. He was far from possible help, so, with the\\nusual rough surgery of the veldt, he bound up his thumb\\nand made for home. But soon the thumb began fester-\\ning and threatened to mortify. The lad knew well that\\nthis meant death, so, without hesitation, he took out his\\npocket-knife and cut off the top joint of the thumb. Even\\nthis was of no avail, for the mortification had spread too\\nlow. Again Kruger took out his knife, and cut off the\\nthumb by the second joint, when, happily, the wound\\nhealed.", "height": "4248", "width": "2676", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "3\u00c2\u00b0\\nThe Making of the Man.\\nHe was specially noted for his skill as a runner, and\\nwas reputed to be able to run as fast as^a horse. Once\\nhe actually had a race with a man on horseback over a\\ncourse about eight hundred yards long, and he won. An-\\nother time he had a foot race against picked Kaffir cham-\\npions, the stake being a number of cattle. Mr. Poultney\\nBigelow, who had the story from Kruger himself, thus\\nrelates it in his book, White Man s Africa\\nIt was a long, hilly, difficult run across country, past\\ncertain well-known landmarks, among others his father s\\nhouse. Young Kruger soon distanced all his pursuers,\\nand when he reached his father s house he was so far\\nahead that he went in and had some coffee. His father,\\nhowever, was so angry with him for running across coun-\\ntry without his rifle that he very nearly gave his son a\\nflogging. But he made the boy take a light rifle with\\nhim when he left to finish his race.\\nOn sped young Kruger, the Kaffir braves toiling after\\nhim as well as they could. They threw away their im-\\npediments as their muscles weakened; their path became\\nstrewn with shields, spears, clubs, and even the bangles\\nthey wore on their legs and arms. But, in spite of it all,\\nPaul Kruger kept far ahead of them all and as the day\\nwaned he found himself so completely master of the situ-\\nation that he commenced to look about for an antelope\\nwhich he might bring into camp by way of replenishing\\nthe larder. He saw through the tall grass a patch of color\\nwhich made him think that it belonged to a buck taking\\nits ease. He aimed and pulled the trigger, but the gun\\nmissed fire; instead of an antelope there bounded up a\\nhuge lion, which had been disturbed by the sound. The\\ntwo faced each other, the lion glaring at Kruger and he\\nreturning that glare by the steady gaze of his fearless\\neyes. The lion retreated a few steps, and Kruger made\\nas many steps forward; then Kruger commenced slowly", "height": "4284", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "The Making of the Man. 31\\ntaking one step backward, followed by a second and then\\na third. But the lion followed every move of Kruger,\\nkeeping always the same distance. This work was get-\\nting very weary, not to say dangerous, particularly so as\\ndarkness was coming on and no sign of relief. Slowly\\nand cautiously Kruger prepared his musket for a second\\nshot. He raised, aimed, and pulled the trigger, but again\\nthere was only the snap of the cap and Kruger was face\\nto face with a lion and with no weapon but the stock of a\\nuseless rifle. The last snap of the lock had so infuriated\\nthe wild beast that he made a spring into the air and\\nlanded close to Kruger s feet so close, indeed, that the\\nearth was thrown up into his face, and he expected to be\\nin the animal s grasp. He raised his gun to deal the ani-\\nmal a blow but at this the lion retreated, glancing sul-\\nlenly over his shoulder until he was about fifty yards\\naway; then, as though by a sudden impulse, the beast\\nbroke into a furious gallop and disappeared over the next\\nhill.\\nKruger joyfully resumed the race, and, in spite of all\\nthat happened, easily carried off the prize from the Kaffir\\nchiefs.\\nHis strength was as the strength of ten men. At one\\ntime, according to the official historian of the Transvaal,\\nhe seized a buffalo by the horns and forced the head\\nunder the water until he drowned it. However much tra-\\ndition may have magnified some of these tales, there\\ncan be no question but that Paul Kruger was a very king\\namong hunters and a giant amongst men.", "height": "4248", "width": "2660", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV.\\nFARMER AND FIGHTER.\\nThe ideal of the Boers in the Transvaal was to sever\\nthemselves absolutely from every other white nation.\\nThey wanted to be a solitary people, having no inter-\\ncourse with the outside world, and with little or no gov-\\nernment. They had the strongest possible objection to\\npaying taxes, and they thought that if there were no gov-\\nernment there would be no taxation. Every farmer was\\nto rule his own estate as he pleased, none interfering with\\nhim. This ideal was found impossible, owing to the neces-\\nsity of organization for defense against the blacks. There\\nhad to be some form of government, but laws were\\npassed forbidding any Englishman or German to own\\nland in the Republic, vetoing the raising and working of\\nminerals, and laying heavy penalties on those who tried\\nto open a road to other countries in short, the policy\\nwhich has been carried on, so far as possible, ever since.\\nThe Krugers settled at Rustenburg, and throve greatly\\nthere: sheltered, well- watered and fertile, the place\\nproved an ideal settlement. A house was built after the\\nusual manner of the Boer farms, with a sitting-room in\\nfront, a kitchen behind, and as many bed-rooms as were\\nrequired built around, a great veranda being in front of\\nall. The family need only ride out to get any required\\nquantity of game, from deer and buffaloes to giraffes, an-\\ntelopes, and even elephants.\\nEven in that scattered and suspicious community Paul\\nsoon became a man of mark. When he was only twenty-\\nthree years old he was appointed Assistant Field Cornet,", "height": "4284", "width": "2828", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "Farmer and Fighter.\\n33\\nan office giving him certain magisterial rights in times of\\npeace, and a command of a company in war time. As\\nthe Assistant Field Cornet is elected by those under him,\\nthis is a very good test of standing. A year afterward\\nKruger was made Field Cornet, a post he held for five\\nyears, then being again promoted to the office of Com-\\nmandant. It was While Field Cornet that he took part in\\nthe expedition against Sechele and the attack on Dr.\\nLivingstone, which is dealt with later. Fie had one very\\nnarrow escape, I was, he said, when telling the story\\nhimself, surrounded by blacks, and, as I wore a black\\ncoat, my own people took me for a nigger. When I\\ntried to make my way through the enemy they discharged\\na cannon, and the shot struck so near my head that I was\\nhalf deafened with the noise, yet I made my escape.\\nAfter the manner of young Boers, Kruger early set\\nup a home for himself, and, as a preliminary, found a\\nwife. His choice fell on a Miss Du Plessis. Picture him\\nas he went courting. For once he took some care of his\\npersonal appearance, and made more than wonted use of\\ncold water. He attired himself in his best and bravest\\ncostume, a showy handkerchief forming a prominent\\npart of his equipment. Then he mounted his best horse\\nand rode off to his lady-love. As he approached her\\nhouse he went up with a showy gallop to reveal the points\\nof his steed, jumped off, and swaggered in with all the\\nconfidence which only a young Boer can show at such\\na time. Of course they knew what he had come for,\\nand asked him to stay and sup. After supper the family\\ndisappeared, leaving the young couple alone in the sit-\\nting-room. Then came the great ceremony of sitting up\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094a ceremony known in no other land. The candles were\\nfixed, and so long as these candles burnt the two young-\\npeople sat together. Probably the lady had taken care\\nto have them made of special length and thickness before-", "height": "4276", "width": "2652", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "34\\nFarmer and Fighter.\\nhand. Hour after hour passed on, the young Boer,\\nusually early to bed, finding it hard to drive off the\\nsleepiness almost overpowering him. But to go away\\nbefore the candles had reached the very bottom would\\nhave show y n a strange lack of love, and would have been\\naccounted little short of an insult to his sweetheart.\\nWhat did the two find to talk about in all those long\\nhours? Doubtless they recounted their hate of British\\nrule. But it is hardly likely that, in all their schemes for\\nthe future, young Paul thought of a life such as was to\\nawait him.\\nThe country was torn by dissensions. The Boers had\\ntheir own way. They were independent none could con-\\ntrol them. Few civilized white men penetrated near them.\\nThey hated and persecuted all missionaries near by until\\nthey made their lives unbearable. Now, for want of\\nsomething better to do, they started quarreling among\\nthemselves. Religion and politics, as is usually the case,\\nmade two great subjects of difference between them.\\nShould a religious man wear a broad hat or a narrow\\none? Should a real Christian w r ear a short jacket or a\\nlong jacket? Should the cloth used in the Communion\\nof the Lord s Supper be the same as the cloth used in\\nthe ordinary service of the Church? Should hymns be\\nsung, or only psalms? Was it necessary for a religious\\nman to have his waistcoat buttoned right up to his throat?\\nShould the authority of the Cape Town ynod be recog-\\nnized across the Vaal? These are not imaginary ques-\\ntions they aie the points over which the Boers argued\\nand quarreled and fought for many years questions\\nwhich turned neighbors into enemies and split the coun-\\ntry in parts.\\nThen came the trouble about the political constitution\\nof the country. It is impossible to keep account of the\\nnumerous governments that were in existence at the same", "height": "4284", "width": "2756", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "Farmer and Fighter.\\n35\\ntime sometimes there were two, sometimes there were\\nthree, sometimes a scheme was proposed for uniting all\\nin one. Kruger himself was a leading reformer. In\\n1844 the Volksraad at Potchefstroom had drawn up a\\ncode of thirty-three articles as the Constitution of the\\nRepublic. In 1857, when affairs were somewhat settling\\ndown, Pretorius, son of the famous Boer leader, felt that\\nthe constitution wanted changing and amongst his most\\nactive supporters was Paul Kruger. They wanted an\\nindependent church, free from the Synod of Cape Town,\\nand they also wanted to have the government more in\\ntheir own hands. Lydenburg, the home of the earliest\\ninhabitants, domineered over the remainder of the coun-\\ntry, as Pretoria in later times domineered over Johannes-\\nburg, only at this time Kruger did not happen to be on\\nthe side of the domineers. An agitation was started\\nthroughout the Republic, and Pretorius and Kruger held\\nmeetings everywhere, demanding reform. A new repre-\\nsentative assembly was elected to frame a constitution,\\nwhich it did, decreeing that in future all the people in\\nthe State, of European origin, should elect a Volksraad,\\nand not one section of them only, as before. The older\\nparts of the country, which had up to then held supreme\\npower, denounced the new constitution, and declared\\nthey would have nothing to do with it. Thereupon Pre-\\ntorius declared them rebellious, and the ultimate result\\nwas that two republics were constituted, the people at\\nLydenburg demanding their independence. Pretorius\\nbelieved that by an armed raid he could bring both the\\nFree State and Lydenburg to his side; and among his\\nmen in this J ameson Raid was Commandant Paul\\nKruger. The Pretorius and Kruger party were over-\\npowered and a treaty of peace arrived at. But many\\nof their friends in the Free State were brought to trial\\nfor high treason and one was sentenced to death, his", "height": "4272", "width": "2660", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "36\\nFarmer and Fighter.\\nsentence, however, being remitted to a very small fine.\\nIn the end, in i860, the whole of the Transvaal was once\\nmore united.\\nBut for some years the country had been in a tumult,\\nand it is wonderful how long the war was kept on for\\nsuch little bloodshed. The true explanation is probably\\nfound in the humorous remark of the missionary, Moffat,\\nthat the opposing armies were always very careful to keep\\na long distance from each other.\\nFighting and farming did not shut out everything else\\nfrom Kruger s life. Like all his countrymen, he was,\\nand still is, devoted to his own home. His first wife died,\\nand he married her cousin and it is said that his children\\nand grandchildren and great-grandchildren now number\\nover two hundred.\\nIn his early manhood he passed through a deep re-\\nligious crisis. The hymns and prayers of the senior\\nVoortrekkers, and the good example of his own parents,\\nhad always impelled him to religion but it was not till\\nafter his marriage that he found the old evangelical\\ntruths of Christianity lay deep hold on him. Then the\\npreaching of an American missionary, Mr. Lindley,\\nfixed on his conscience the conviction of sin. Over-\\nwhelmed, he could not rest. Forsaking home, he w 7 ent\\nout on the veldt, and for days remained away. A search\\nparty went out for him, and at last found him, starved,\\nparched, but thinking nothing of meat or drink in the\\nrealization of the forgiveness of sins.\\nThis experience has tinged the whole of the remainder\\nof his life, and for some time he wanted to devote him-\\nself to preaching the Gospel. His theology is of the\\nPuritanic type, based more on the Old Testament than\\nthe New, but, nevertheless, altogether genuine. Those\\nwho regard him as a mere snivelling Pecksniff have alto-\\ngether misunderstood the man.", "height": "4324", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V\\nKRUGER AND THE BLACK MEN.\\nTo the English mind there is no part of Kruger s\\nlife less attractive than his dealings with the native tribes.\\nLet us, for a moment, try to put ourselves in his place.\\nThe Boers in the Transvaal were surrounded on every\\nside save one by strong, well-armed troops of natives,\\nwho outnumbered them a hundred to one, who constantly\\nraided their farms, carried off their cattle, and murdered\\nand mutilated any defenseless white man they could find.\\nIn the Free State the white men fought and defeated the\\nleading tribe of their opponents, and then made peace\\nwith the others but the Transvaalers were not powerful\\nenough to do this.\\nIt would be unfair to say that all the fault was on the\\nside of the blacks. The Boers regarded men of color as\\nthe Caananites, whom they, the people of Israel, were\\njustified in oppressing in every way. They did not be-\\nlieve that a Kaffir possessed a soul and even to this day\\nfew things make Kruger more angry than for any one\\nto assert that the black men are in any way the spiritual\\nequals of the white. They are not men, he will ex-\\nclaim indignantly,. they are mere creatures. They have\\nno more soul than a monkey has.\\nIt will be remembered that when Moffat, the mission-\\nary, was traveling through Boer territory, he one night\\nstopped at a Boer farm. He was hospitably entertained,\\nand asked to conduct family worship. He turned to the\\nfarmer and asked where the servants were Why do not", "height": "4268", "width": "2652", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "38 Xruger and the Black Men.\\nthe Hottentots come in to worship The farmer turned\\non him indignantly. Hottentots Do you mean that,\\nthen? Go to the mountains and call the baboons if you\\nwant a congregation of that sort\u00e2\u0080\u0094 or stop I have it\\nmy sons, call the dogs that lie in front of the door; they\\nwill do!\\nSome of the friends of the Boers protest indignantly\\nto-day against the assertion that the abolition of slavery\\nhad anything to do with their leaving Cape Colony. The\\nbest answer to this is found in the fact that when they\\nsettled in the Transvaal they revived slavery in its most\\nodious forms. They raided peaceful native tribes time\\nafter time, shot down the unarmed black men,, and car-\\nried off their women and children as slaves. They at-\\ntacked missionaries who endeavored to protect the\\nnatives and, when the missionaries made representations\\nto their governments, the Boers attempted, by all man-\\nner of slanders, to ruin their characters. How far these\\nslanders were true may be best judged by the fact that\\nDr. Livingstone was one who was attacked most bitterly\\nby them. Livingstone in his Modern Travels repeat-\\nedly tells of the cruelties of the Boers, and of their en-\\ndeavors to exclude missionaries from their country. One\\nor two quotations will tell his story\\nThe Boers, four hundred in number, were sent by\\nMr. Pretorius to attack the Bakwains. Be-\\nsides killing a number of adults, they carried off two\\nhundred of our school-children into slavery.\\nI can declare most positively that, except in the way of\\nrefusing to throw obstacles in the way of English teach-\\ners, Sechele never offended the Boers by word or deed.\\nThey* wished to divert the trade into their own hands.\\nThey also plundered my house and property; smashed\\nall the bottles containing medicines tore all the books of\\nmy library; and carried off or destroyed a large amount", "height": "4284", "width": "2764", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Kruger and the Black Men, 39\\nof property belonging to English gentlemen and\\ntraders. Of the women and children captured many of\\nthe former will escape; but the latter are reduced to a\\nstate of hopeless slavery. They are sold and bought as\\nslaves and I have myself seen and conversed with such,\\ntaken from their tribes and living as slaves in the houses\\nof the Boers. Kruger was one who took part in this\\nattack.\\nPretorius, it is true, issued a declaration against slav-\\nery, but it was a mere dead letter, intended solely to im-\\npress the outside world, for at the moment of issuing\\nit Pretorius himself was a slave owner. And when the\\npressure of outside opinion became too great for even\\nthe Boers to permit slavery, they established a system of\\nimboking or apprenticing the children of the natives,\\nwhich was only slavery under a very thin disguise.\\nKruger himself had no weak sentimentalism about the\\nrights of the natives. When his cattle ran short he took\\nthe blacks and harnessed them to the plough, and sjam-\\nbok in hand, compelled them to work. You can still find\\nnatives in the Transvaal who, with half pride, will show\\ntheir scarred backs with the marks of the sjambok got\\nfrom the President s hands when they were serving as\\nhis oxen.\\nYet another instance, which, more vividly than any de-\\nscription, shows the state of affairs existing between the\\nblacks and the Boers. In 1854, Potgieter, a Boer, who\\nwas noted for his high-handed way of dealing with the\\nnatives, set out on a hunting expedition. It is said that\\nhe had stolen large numbers of children from a neigh-\\nboring tribe. Under the chief Makaban the tribe rose,\\nas Potgieter was passing by, and murdered him and his\\nparty in a most barbarous fashion, skinning him while\\nhe was alive, and treating his companions\u00e2\u0080\u0094 men, women\\nand children almost as badly.", "height": "4276", "width": "2660", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "4\u00c2\u00b0\\nKruger and the Black Men.\\nThe news of the massacre sent a thrill through the\\nwhite inhabitants of the Transvaal, and Pretorius, the\\nfioer leader, determined to avenge it. He and a nephew\\nof the murdered Potgieter gathered together an army of\\nfive hundred men, and proceeded to attack Makaban and\\nhis. tribe, Paul Kruger was one of the commandants of\\nthe Boer forces. The Kaffirs, hearing of the approach\\nof the white men, retreated to some subterranean caverns\\nof vast extent. Pretorious held a council of war, and\\ndecided to blast the rocks above the caverns, and thus\\ncrush and. bury the savages alive under the ruins. This\\nplan was attempted, but proved unfeasible, so the caves\\nwere then surrounded and rigorously watched day and\\nnight to prevent the wretches within escaping, or any\\noutside coming to their relief. Fences and barriers were\\nbuilt around the rocks, and great loads of timber and\\nstone piled into the openings of the caverns. The men.\\nwomen and children had no water, and soon an intolera-\\nble thirst drove them out. The women and children, we\\nare told, died after they had drunk a little water but\\nwhether they died from Boer bullets or not is by no\\nmeans clear. It is certain., however, that every Kaffir\\nman who showed himself at the cavern s mouth was\\npromptly shot down. For three weeks this unequal siege\\nlasted, and then the Boers forced their way in. only to\\nbe driven back by the horrible smell of the reeking\\ncorpses. No less than nine hundred Kaffirs were shot\\ndown at the entrance of the cave; and how many more\\ndied in agonies of thirst within will never be known.\\nThis incident, though the most prominent in the story\\nof the Boer dealings with the blacks, stands by no means\\nalone.\\nAt this siege the nephew of the Potgieter who was\\nmurdered acted as Assistant Commander-in-Chief. One\\nday he was standing on the upper side of the entrance", "height": "4284", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Kruger and the Black Men. 41\\nto the cavern making observations, when a shot pierced\\nhis neck, and he fell down dead inside. Kruger was\\nclose by, and without hesitation he rushed in the cave\\namidst a shower of bullets and brought the corpse safely\\nback.\\nIt would be wearisome to tell of the campaigns Kruger\\nled or took part in against the natives. He himself puts\\nthe number at about fifteen. He had innumerable nar-\\nrow escapes. His clothes were often pierced by bullets\\nor assegais, but he seemed to have a charmed life, and\\nwas never once even wounded.\\nA writer in the New Age recently told from personal\\nknowledge a story of Kruger s dealings with the natives\\nwhich is worth quoting:\\nOn one occasion, in 1869, an event occurred which\\nmight have altered altogether the history of the Trans-\\nvaal. Kruger, finding his ordinary hands insufficient to\\ngather in his harvest, which w r as exceptionally heavy,\\nrode over to a town of the Bakhatla, under the chief\\nKhamanyani, and peremptorily ordered the chief to send\\nhim a number of laborers. Khamanyani expressed regret\\nat being unable to do so, giving as his reason that his\\npeople were all harvesting, and if they had to cease work\\nto harvest Baas Kruger s crops, their own would be\\nspoilt. Kruger in rage, jumped off his horse, and with\\nhis sjambok lashed at the chief furiously. Several of\\nthe native witnesses rushed with uplifted sticks to kill\\nthe white man w 7 rft had thus assaulted their chief in his\\nown council yard, but Khamanyani, smarting as he w r as\\nfrom the blows received, restrained them. That night\\nthe whole tribe, some thousands in number, left their\\nhomes and their land, and fled across the Limpopo River,\\ntaking refuge in Sechele s territory, for they feared, if\\nthey stayed after what had occurred, they would be wiped\\nout. J do not wish it to be inferred from this example", "height": "4272", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "42 Kruger and the Black Men.\\nof the Boer method of treating natives that the President\\nis, or was, a monster of cruelty on the contrary, he has\\na most benevolent disposition where whites are con-\\ncerned. He would stop in the road at any time, however\\nmuch occupied by affairs of State, to dry the tears of a\\nchild/\\nThe Boer attitude to the natives was well defined in\\none of the articles of the Fundamental Law. The peo-\\nple, it is said, will admit of no equality of persons of\\ncolor with white inhabitants, neither in state nor church.\\nWith that guiding rule Oom Paul was, and is, in perfect\\naccord.", "height": "4284", "width": "2760", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4252", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4260", "width": "2760", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI.\\nKFUGFR AS A BRITISH OFFICIAL.\\nIn 1852 the British Empire was suffering from a\\nstrange attack of indolence, apathy, and indifference.\\nDowning street seemed for the time to care nothing for\\nthe prospects of empire, or for our duties and promises\\nro weaker races. England was, for the moment, a weary\\nTitan, anxious to roll off the load of greatness from\\nits back. Colonies were esteemed a weakness, not a\\nstrength, and Africa, the key-stone of our Empire, was\\nregarded by our responsible Ministers as not worth seri-\\nous consideration. It was in this mood that England\\nsigned the Sand River Convention, granting the Trans-\\nvaal its independence, pledging England to make no en-\\ncroachment or enter into no treaties with the native tribes\\nnorth of the Vaal River, and binding the Boers to abolish\\nslavery.\\nThe Bot-rs had now all they had asked. They were\\nabsolutely independent, but yet they were not happy.\\nThe spirit of progress, which they had in vain tried to\\nshut out, penetrated their land. The young people were\\nnot all content to remain ignorant: they wanted schools,\\nthey wanted some of the comforts of civilization which\\ntheir fathers had thrown on. one side. To obtain manu-\\nfactured articles from other lands they must have some\\nmore ready means of exchange than barter, and so the\\nyoung Republic it necessary to have its own coin-\\nage. Kruger was now one of the Executive Council, the\\nsmall bodv that ruled the land. The President and Coun-", "height": "4260", "width": "2708", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "44\\nKruger as a British Official.\\ncil imagined that they could make as much money as they\\nliked by the simple process of turning on a printing press\\nand printing off notes of any nominal value.\\nIt is hardly possible to exaggerate the evil state of the\\nRepublic at this time. A quotation from Chesson s\\nDutch Republics/ gives a vivid picture of 1868: The\\ncountry is miserably poor, and public credit is at so low\\nan ebb that the paper currency (which is the only money\\ncirculating in the Republic) is worth next to nothing;\\narticles being sometimes sold at 500 per cent, above their\\nreal value, in order to eke out a profit. There\\nare laws, but obedience to them is far from general\\nLittle if any respect for authority exists. There are\\nmany high-sounding officials and departments, but there\\nis no unity of action among them, and they are mostly\\nmaintained for show. One or two districts are in a state\\nof open revolt against a government which is weak and\\nimbecile as it is notoriously cruel. Education is all but\\nneglected. The State does not support more than four\\nschools, and the teachers complain that they cannot get\\ntheir salaries.\\nAs another writer at the same time put it, The Volks-\\nraad is incapable to make laws, the Executive is too feeble\\nto carry them out, and the people on the whole too in-\\ndifferent to obey them. Nothing but confusion, disorder,\\nstagnation.\\nIsolation and reaction had conspicuously failed, and\\neven the most fanatical of the Yoortrekkers realized that,\\nunless utter anarchy was to supervene, there must be a\\nchange. When Pretorius, son of the famous old Voor-\\ntrekker, resigned, the people for once put even their re-\\nligious prejudices on one side, and chose as their Presi-\\ndent a gifted, enlightened, and progressive minister of\\nthe Dutch Reformed Church, Thomas Burgers.\\nBurger threw himself into his new task with zeal. He", "height": "4324", "width": "2760", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Kruger as a British Official.\\n45\\nwent to Europe and raised loans to tide the Republic\\ne ver its financial crisis. He started schools, cut roads,\\nreorganized the Government, and even threw the whole\\nof his private fortune into the national treasury. But\\nhe had one fatal fault which the Boers would never for-\\ngive. He was not a Dopper: in fact, he was not even\\nstrictly orthodox, but Liberaalen, or a Broad Church-\\nman. The suspicious farmers had overlooked this at the\\nmoment of election, but they ever remembered it against\\nhim. The countrymen formed a clique, headed by Paul\\nKruger, to put obstacles in the way of Burgers.\\nKruger was elected Vice-President, and for some time\\nhe and his allies seem to have very effectually acted the\\npart of the dog in the manger. They grumbled while\\nthe country was going to ruin, without putting out a\\nhand to save it. The country was threatened by the\\nZulus, but for the time the Boers seemed to have even\\nlost their love of fighting, for they would not loyally\\nrespond to the President s call to fight the natives. The\\nfarmers refused to pay taxes and the Government could\\nnot compel them. All the loans were swallowed up,\\nBurgers s private fortune had disappeared, and it was\\nimpossible to borrow more even on the personal security\\nof the Executive.\\nCetywayo was threatening to overwhelm the land with\\nhis impis, and a campaign against Sekukuni led to seri-\\nous Boer repulses. It seemed plain that if in a few weeks\\nsomething was not done, the Transvaal Republic would\\nbe swept out of existence by the blacks.\\nAt this moment Great Britain stepped in. Lord Car-\\nnarvon was planning to make South Africa a great con-\\nfederated dominion, under the British flag, like Canada,\\nwhere men of many races should work loyally, peacefullv,\\nand equally together. It was a noble dream. Partly to\\nhelp on this scheme, partly to relieve the Transvaal from", "height": "4280", "width": "2732", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "4 6\\nKruger as a British Official.\\nits difficulties, Sir Theophilus Shepstone was sent as Her\\nMajesty s Commissioner to Pretoria, with authority to\\nannex the Transvaal if necessary.\\nSir Theophilus Shepstone has since come in for much\\nabuse, but few can study at first hand the condition of\\nPretoria at that time without learning that he acted with\\nthe greatest wisdom and foresight. He was himself an\\nAfrikander, trusted by the people, skilled in managing\\neven the most intractable farmers, and with clear views\\nof what he wanted. The people as a whole welcomed\\nhim. Those with some remnants of the Voortrekker\\nspirit still left were so disheartened that they hardly cared\\nto even whisper a protest. Amidst general agreement he\\nhoisted the British flag.\\nA small majority, amongst whom was Kruger, pro-\\ntested, and Kruger and a Hollander official, Dr. Jorissen,\\nwent to Europe to repeat their protest. But even they\\nfinally gave in, and on his return Kruger accepted office\\nunder the new administration.\\nShepstone brought for the time peace and rest. His\\npersonal influence kept back the natives, and finally Cety-\\nwayo was fought and overcome by the British army.\\nShepstone in formal proclamation declared that the\\nTransvaal would remain a separate Government, with its\\nown laws and legislature, enjoying the fullest legislative\\nprivileges compatible with the circumstances of the coun-\\ntry. All existing laws were to be retained until altered\\nby a proper authority, and the Dutch language was to be\\nused equally with the English as the official tongue. In\\nshort, Shepstone contemplated a self-governing colony,\\nw r ith equal rights for all white men, under the protection\\nof the Union Jack.\\nHad this programme been loyally carried out, there\\nwould have been no Transvaal question. The Transvaal\\nwould have been to-day a contented and prosperous part", "height": "4284", "width": "2776", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Kruger as a British Official. 47\\nof the Empire, and the old hatred between Dutch and\\nEnglish would be now in South Africa as much a matter\\nof ancient history as the hatred between French and\\nEnglish is in Canada. But it was not to be.\\nPerhaps the officials thought Sir Theophilus Shepstone\\nhad been too successful, and was taking too much honor.\\nPerhaps amongst the dummies and mummies of red tape\\ndepartments there was even jealousy of him. At all\\nevents, he was recalled, and a military man of the old\\nschool, Sir Owen Lanyon, put in his place.\\nEnglish capital and English settlers had flocked in, and\\nthe land was once more putting on an air of prosperity.\\nBut the promised representative government never came.\\nSir Owen Lanyon was not to blame for this, for he could\\nnot force the hands of the home authorities of Whitehall.\\nBut he did not understand the Boers. He and his Eng-\\nlish followers despised them, scoffed at their courage, de-\\nfied their prejudices. The Independence party, that at\\nfirst had been next to powerless,- grew almost daily in\\nnumbers and strength. The farmers looked to their guns,\\nand Kruger, Joubert and Pretorious quietly but persist-\\nently carried on their agitation. Kruger had previously\\nto this resigned his Government post.\\nThe Independence party received both moral and ma-\\nterial support from England. Mr. Gladstone, in the\\nheight of his Midlothian campaign, used, the annexation\\nof the Transvaal as a scourge for the Conservative Gov-\\nernment. A very different party helped secretly. The\\nPhysical Force section in Ireland saw in the Transvaal\\ntheir opportunity, and there is good reason to believe that\\nthey rendered Kruger and his allies monetary aid through\\nAlfred Aylward, a well-known and able Fenian exile.\\nMonth by month the agitation grew fiercer. There\\nwas a section, even of the Boer farmers, still in favor of\\nleaving things alone, but it was overborne. The discon-", "height": "4268", "width": "2672", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "48 Kruger as a British Official.\\ntent was. helped by the rigorous manner in which the\\nBritish authorities at Pretoria enforced the taxes, and\\nthere seems no doubt but that in many instances the ad-\\nministration acted both harshly and unjustly.\\nWhen Mr. Gladstone was elected to office in 1880, the\\nBoers felt confident that he, who had so strongly advo-\\ncated their cause while in opposition, would now grant\\nthem the liberty they desired. They did not understand\\nthat English political system by which, however much the\\nopposition may fight against a .measure, they seldom re-\\npeal it, once passed, when they return to power.\\nEven the English inhabitants of Pretoria called on the\\nGovernment to fulfill its promises of granting representa-\\ntive government but England seemed to have been seized\\nwith madness in its Transvaal policy.", "height": "4324", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII.\\nthe; appeal to arms,\\nIt is a sad task for any Englishman to have to go over\\nthe time that followed. Happily it only concerns us so\\nfar as it is bound up with Kruger s own story.\\nAlthough Kruger had organized the opposition he did\\nnot want w r ar. He knew the strength of England, and\\nthe perils such a campaign must mean and though none\\nhas doubted his personal courage, he wished to keep the\\nappeal to arms as the very last resort. But the farmers\\ngrew more and more restive. At every meeting they had\\nfresh stories to tell of British injustice, of still more limi-\\ntations to their liberty, of the seizure of leaders, of Eng-\\nlish taunts about their cowardice, of iniquitous imposts,\\nof a farcical Volksraad, of oppression which no free men\\ncould endure. Kruger exercised all his influence to calm\\nthem, and give them patience.\\nThe whole country was as* a powder mine, and soon a\\nlighted match was put to it. Bezhuidenot, a farmer, son\\nof a man who was hanged by the British nearly sixty\\nyears before for rebellion, was summoned by the authori-\\nties for taxes. He really owed \u00c2\u00a314, but the tax-gatherers,\\nmaking a mistake common to them then, demanded\\n\u00c2\u00a327 5s. Bezhuidenot offered to pay the \u00c2\u00a314, but the mag-\\nistrate ordered him now to pay costs, \u00c2\u00a313 5s., bringing\\nthe total up to the original sum. He refused to pay this,\\nwhereupon the Sheriff seized a wagon of his, and an-\\nnounced its sale by auction.\\nStung by the injustice of the affair, a party of Bezhui-\\ndenot s neighbors forcibly seized the wagon and bore it", "height": "4264", "width": "2656", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "5\u00c2\u00b0\\nThe Appeal to Arms.\\noff in triumph. Sir Owen Lanyon sent a party of sol-\\ndiers to arrest the ringleaders. The soldiers were met\\nby a large party of armed Boers, who openly defied them.\\nThe Boers sent for Kruger. who hurried up. He met\\nt lie officer and talked over the matter with him. I only\\narrived last night/ said Kruger. Before I came I was\\nnot aware that matters were so dark and threatening. I\\ncame to try to prevent the shedding of blood. Here you\\nsee all these men armed, and they are determined to fight.\\nIf it is in my power, I shall do all that I can to prevent\\nthem from coming to Mows. Fo r years I have striven\\nto do this, but now it is the last and final effort I shall\\nmake. If they will not listen to me. then I must wash my\\nhands of it. and I can truly say that I have done my\\nutmost/\\nThe ringleaders were not given up. but the Boers held\\na great meeting at Pardekraal. and on December 12 their\\nleaders, headed by Kruger. signed a declaration of inde-\\npendence. No President was chosen, but Kruger was\\ndeclared Vice-President, and with Joubert and Pretorius\\nhe made up a triumvirate, to carry on a provisional gov-\\nernment. The Boers did not enter into the matter gladly,\\nfor they hardly dared anticipate a favorable result. As\\none of their journalistic advocates in Xatal said a few\\nweeks earlier, No doubt the Boers don t expect to gain\\nmuch, but they mean that some shall die for the people.\\nThe leaders did not hope at first for more than a re-\\nmoval of the worst of their grievances, or for so impress-\\ning the outside world as to convince it and compel the\\nEnglish policy toward them to be changed. As the days\\npassed and unexpected success met their arms, their am-\\nbition grew wider, and they thought to have all South\\nAfrica as one great Afrikander dominion. With con-\\nfidence we lay our case before the whole world, be it that\\nwe conquer or we die. said they. Liberty shall rise", "height": "4324", "width": "2816", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "The Appeal to Arms. 51\\nfrom x\\\\frica like the sun from the morning clouds, like\\nliberty rose in the United States of North America,\\nThen it will be from the Zambesi to Simon s Bay. Africa\\nfor the Afrikanders\\nThe English, one and all, at first heartily despised their\\nopponents. Charges of cowardice were freely leveled,\\nand nothing rankled more in the Boer mind. Do you\\nEnglish call us cowards now! they shouted a few weeks\\nafter, when they had won victory after victory. Even\\nSir Garnet Wolseley at first scoffed at these ignorant\\nmen, led by a few designing fellows, who are talking non-\\nsense and spouting sedition.\\nKruger was now the admitted Boer leader, and from\\nthe headquarters at Heidelburg he saw to everything.\\nThe attitude he maintained throughout the campaign was\\nthat of one who was fighting for God and liberty. This\\nis best shown in a proclamation to his forces after the\\nbattle of Majuba Hill.\\nORDER OF THE DAY.\\nTo the Commandant General, Commanders, Officers and\\nBurghers in the Transvaal Army at Drakensberg.\\nMen and Brothers Our hearts urge us to say a\\nword to you. We know that the whole South African\\nRepublic looks up to you with gratitude. We glory not\\nin human power, it is God the Lord who has helped us\\nthe God of our fathers, to whom, for the last five years,\\nwe have addressed our prayers and our supplications.\\nHe has done great things for us. and hearkened to our\\nprayers.\\nAnd you, noble and valiant brothers, have been in His\\nhands the means of saving us; your valor and courage\\nhave proved to the mighty power which so unjustifiably\\nassailed us that even the weakest people, fighting for its", "height": "4260", "width": "2612", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "52\\nThe Appeal to Arms.\\nliberty, is able to effect prodigies of valor. Three times\\nnow at Laing s Xek, at Skheyn s HoOgte you have\\nwith your small force repulsed and beaten an overwhelm-\\ning enemy. Cannon and treacherous and horrifying mis-\\nsiles have not dismayed you.\\nYou Commandant General writes, not speaking of\\nhimself (he is too noble to praise himself) no, speaking\\nof officers and very young warriors My regard for them\\nis great, their names deserve to be preserved with those of\\nWellington and Napoleon. We repeat it after His Honor,\\nand make it general of the Commandant General and of\\nevery burgher who fought. Our regard for you is great\\nin the name of the Fatherland we thank you, you have\\ndeserved much of the Fatherland.\\nContinue so to the end. The God who guides the\\nhearts of kings like running brooks will deliver us. Trust\\nin Him.\\nThe Government of the South African Republic,\\nS. J. P. Kruger. Vice-President.\\nSouth African Republic Government House, Heidelberg.\\nMarch 7, 1881.\\nThe conscience of the British Government, which had\\nbeen deaf to appeals, awoke to the clash of arms. The\\ntroops whom the Boer army had conquered were very\\nsmall bodies, only six hundred Englishmen being engaged\\neven in Majuba Hill. An army of ten thousand men, un-\\nder Sir Evelyn Wood, was dispatched hastily to the front,\\nbut before it could engage the Boers, the home Govern-\\nment ordered an armistice. The now triumphant Trium-\\nvirate met General Wood in a little farm-house under the\\nshadow of Majuba Hill, and there discussed terms. It is\\nan open secret that Sir Evelyn Wood had prayed the\\nhome Government to let him fight the Boers first, being", "height": "4320", "width": "2824", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "The Appeal to Arms. 53\\nconfident that he had them in the hollow of his hand but\\nhe was ordered to make peace.\\nThe terms arranged excited deep disgust on both sides.\\nEngland granted the Transvaal its independence in inter-\\nnal affairs, reserving control over foreign relations, and\\nthe power to move troops through the country in time of\\nwar. A royal commission was to fix up the boundaries\\nand other debatable matters, and until it had done so the\\nTransvaal was to remain under British rule.\\nSir Evelyn Wood felt deeply being obliged by his Gov-\\nernment to make such a peace; but the Boer burghers\\nwere still more indignant. They were now confident of\\ntheir power to drive the English into the sea why, then,\\nshould they be obliged to cease fighting for a compromise\\nlike that? For days Kruger, Pretorius, and Joubert were\\nunceasingly abused by their own side.\\nBut Kruger knew, none better, that it was one thing\\nto meet small British forces, another to fight a British\\narmy corps. His men were not then organized, nor were\\nthey so strong as in later years. He, at least, had no de-\\nlusion that he had beaten England. Speaking some years\\nafterward to the representative of a London newspaper,\\nhe was emphatic on this point\\nAmajuba! repeated the President with warmth, in\\nanswer to a question of the correspondent. It s all\\nwrong about Amajuba. I am sorry to see that the Eng-\\nlish people seem to keep up such a foolish feeling about\\nthat. People say we think we conquered the English.\\nI ll tell you what we do think, and not one man, or tw r o,\\nbut all the men in the Republic. The President paused\\na moment, and blew out a cloud of smoke with great\\nenergy. He was not in the least phlegmatic, by the way,\\nin conversation, but forcible, voluble, prone to gesture.\\nWe think that the English did not know what were the\\nwishes of our people when they took the country away", "height": "4256", "width": "2612", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "54 The Appeal to Arms.\\nfrom us. Then we said, we will show them that we do\\nlove our country. We knew that England was much\\nstronger, but we said, sooner than have our country taken\\naway from us unjustly, we will fight until we die. Then\\nthe English people saw that they were in the wrong and\\nthey gave us hack our country. You can tell the English\\npeople that this is what we think. It is the busybodies\\nwho write to England and make out that we are ahvays\\nboasting about Amajuba who do the harm. But yon can\\ngo and talk to the farmers, and you will find what I say\\nis the truth.\\nPall Mall Gazette, February. 1890.", "height": "4324", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII.\\nBUILDING THE REPUBLIC.\\nKruger and his two allies, Joubert and Pretorius, had\\nnow before them a most difficult task, one calculated to\\ntax to the utmost their power of statesmanship. They\\nhad to fight diplomatically with England to get the best\\nterms possible, and at the same time they had to induce\\ntheir own burghers to disarm and go peaceably home. It\\nis safe to say that if the burghers had known at first all of\\nthe pow r er England retained, there would have been al-\\nmost a rebellion against Kruger. The burghers were not\\nunnaturally somewhat intoxicated with their triumphs.\\nIt says much both for the solid qualities of the Boer\\npeople and for the skill of Kruger that the few months\\nimmediately after the war passed off so well. The con-\\nditions now were altogether different to those before the\\nwar. Every one was forced to admit the impossibility of\\nexcluding outsiders from the land, but the new question\\nwas how to control them. Kruger fixed his line of policy.\\nHe, a countryman, would be the advocate of the country-\\nman as against the townsman. Everywhere else on the\\nearth, the power of the country diminishes and the pow T er\\nof the towns grows. In his land, the towns should be as\\nnothing, while the power of the few farmers should be\\nsupreme. Accordingly, boroughs were disfranchised,\\nand the old policy of putting the voting power in the\\nhands of every white man was reversed for a more lim-\\nited franchise.\\nOn August 8, 1 88 1, the flag of the new Republic was\\nhoisted at Pretoria, and Kruger and his colleagues issued", "height": "4260", "width": "2644", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "56 Building the Republic.\\na proclamation, declaring that Our motto is Unity and\\nReconciliation/ our liberty is, Law and Order/ In\\nspite of much grumbling, they showed the people that the\\nGovernment of the future meant to be a real ruling\\npower. Their great difficulty was lack of money. The\\nfarmers retained their inherited hatred of paying taxes,\\neven to their own authorities, and they smuggled to avoid\\nthe customs and cheated to get the best of the rate collec-\\ntor. It may be asked how folks who pride themselves on\\ntheir religion could do this. It is not my business to ex-\\nplain human nature, so I cannot say. But those who ask\\nthe question should also ask why it is that the Strict\\nPresbyterian elder in the Highlands of Scotland takes\\npride in drinking whisky that has never paid a penny to\\nthe gaugers, or how decent country folks in Northum-\\nberland think it no shame to eat smuggled salmon. Hu-\\nman nature is very much alike all over the world.\\nTo make money, Kruger was forced on a line of policy\\nwhich has since been one of the great industrial curses of\\nhis State the granting of concessions and monopolies to\\ntraders. This served a treble purpose. It enabled him\\nnot only to get some cash, but to reward his political fa-\\nvorites or allies, and to cripple the activity of his oppo-\\nnents. He defended it to the Volksraad on the ground\\nthat it protected infant industries. At the same time,\\nKruger built up a rigid tariff wall around his land, re-\\nwarding his old allies, the Dutch farmers of the Free\\nState and the Cape, by excluding their produce.\\nIn 1883 the election of the President took place, and\\nKruger was chosen by a majority of over two to one,\\nabout five thousand votes being cast. His rival was Jou-\\nbert, who for years has been the only man in the Trans-\\nvaal who can in any way approach him in public esteem.\\nJoubert is generally regarded as more progressive than\\nKruger. and more inclined to be friendly with the Eng-", "height": "4398", "width": "2803", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "Building the Republic. 57\\nlish but he has not the staying power, the organizing\\nskill, or the ability to mold men as he will, that the\\nPresident shows. The two work together in office, part-\\nners yet competitors.\\nIn the winter of 1883-4 Kruger made his second visit to\\nEngland. The Rand had never been satisfied with the\\nconvention of 1881, and it was thought that there was\\nnow a chance of securing betters terms from England.\\nLord Derby was Colonial Secretary, and he was neither\\nkeen for imperial progress, nor far-sighted in- seeing what\\nsteps were necessary to guard the future. Accordingly,\\nMessrs. Kruger, Smit, and du Toit, the delegates, found\\nhim just the man they wished. They did not get all they\\nw r anted, but they secured very much. In the new Con-\\nvention of London the suzerainty of England was passed\\nover without mention, save for the right to approve or\\ndisapprove of treaties with all nations except the Orange\\nFree State. The Transvaal renewed its old pledge to\\nforbid slavery or imboking. The power of England\\nto move troops through the State in time of war disap-\\npeared. Provision was made for certain minor affairs,\\nsuch as the currency in which old debts were to be paid\\nand the like, but the really vital matters of international\\nintercourse, save the delimitation of boundaries, were\\nignored. It was a case where British prescience might\\nhave saved endless future trouble, but there seemed no\\none on our side with the necessary foresight.\\nA little incident during this visit showed more than\\nanything else the financial straits of the Transvaalers. I\\nrepeat the story as it has been told in South African cir-\\ncles ever since. Kruger and his associates found their\\nmoney running very short in London. They had to stay\\nat a good hotel, as befitted their position, but they had not\\nenough money to meet their hotel bill. They were in sore\\ntrouble when an English speculator, Baron Grant, came", "height": "4268", "width": "2616", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "58 Building the Republic.\\nto the rescue. He would pay their hotel bill if they\\nsigned a little letter for him. The letter was drawn up\\nby Grant s secretary, and duly copied and issued by the\\nsecretary of the Transvaal Commissioners. Xo one saw\\nat that time how important that letter would afterwards\\nprove. Baron Grant was floating some Transvaal prop-\\nerties on the English market, and wished for assurance\\nof their protection but the letter went much further than\\nthat. It practically gave free invitation to the Outlanders\\nto come into the land, and assured them of good treat-\\nment. Had Kruger seen what was coming, he would\\nsurely have rather had any trouble over hotel bills than\\nagree to it.\\nDuring this visit the delegates went to several capitals\\non the Continent, and were everywhere made much of, for\\nEurope was awakening to the fact that the Transvaal had\\na future before it. Kruger, the man whom English ad-\\nministrators had delighted to snub and patronize, found\\nhimself suddenly regarded as a master of men. Doubt-\\nless this visit helped to turn him more and more from\\nEngland, and toward Holland, Germany, and Portugal.\\nWhen the delegates were in Paris, Mrs. Crawford, the\\nwell-known journalist, interviewed them, and got an in-\\nteresting account of their boyhood.\\nJoubert said that the Transvaal Boers were hereditary\\nmarksmen. They were in past generations particular,\\nwhether Calvinists or Arminians, to have their children\\ntaught to read as a necessary part of religious instruc-\\ntion. Homesteads were at great distances from schools\\nand churches wild beasts and hostile Kaffirs infested the\\ncountry. Still, to school the children had to go. Each\\nboy was provided with a gun and a pouch .supplied with\\nammunition. He was expected on his way back to keep\\nhis hand and eye in practice as a marksman, and showed\\nhe did so by bringing back a bag filled with game. The", "height": "4284", "width": "2772", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Building the Republic.\\n59\\nKaffirs stood in awe of these Transvaal children, who\\nwere taught not to be aggressive or to provoke attack.\\nIs not that so, President? said Joubert, in Dutch, to\\nKruger, who sat smoking a big pipe. Yes, we try to\\nmake our youngsters understand that the meek shall in-\\nherit the earth. 5\\nBut though this may have been true enough of Jou-\\nhert s schooldays, it was not of Krugers, for he never had\\nthe privilege of tramping off to school.", "height": "4212", "width": "2608", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX.\\nKRUGER AS PHARAOH.\\nIn 1886 the world was startled by the rumor of the dis-\\ncovery of a peculiar kind of gold-bearing conglomerate\\nsome thirty miles from Pretoria. At first, the gold ex-\\nperts of the world scoffed at the idea of the discovery\\nbeing anything more than a nine days wonder, but a few\\nspeculators bought up farms right and left in the dis-\\ntrict. Then it was found that the new field was the rich-\\nest gold centre under the sun. At once a mad rush set\\nin the diamond mines at Kimberley had brought thou-\\nsands of adventurers to South Africa; but diamond dig-\\nging was already becoming rather a matter for great\\ncompanies than for individual speculators. The adven-\\nturers flocked into the Transvaal, and were followed by\\nthousands more.\\nA new city sprang up as though by magic, Johannes-\\nburg, and a fit of reckless share gambling began. Kru-\\nger and his farmers took little direct part in it, but it\\nchanged the whole situation for them. Their poverty\\nwas ended in a day. The farmers were able to sell part\\nof their land for incredible sums, and f arms that a year he-\\nfore would not have fetched a few thousand pounds, now\\nchanged hands for a quarter of a million or more. The\\nburghers, from being almost the sole white inhabitants of\\nthe country, now found themselves as a minority of the\\nwhite males. The Government taxes, that a few months\\nearlier were barely enough to pay salaries, now filled the\\nTreasury and when the Volksraad, rising to the situa-", "height": "4284", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "Kruger as Pharaoh.\\n61\\ntion, quickly imposed new taxes to press on the strangers,\\nit found itself rich beyond the dreams of avarice.\\nThe burghers viewed the invasion at once with satisfac-\\ntion, disgust, and alarm. They were satisfied in having\\npassed from poverty to riches, in finding new customers\\nfor their farm produce and for their land, and in being,\\nable to shift the taxes from their own shoulders. But\\nthey saw that the presence of sixty thousand white\\nstrangers would create a new political situation, And\\nwhile they liked the gold of the strangers, they yet heart-\\nily despised them. Not only were most of them English-\\nmen, whom the Dutch now one and all looked upon as\\nfools and cowards, but they were not even sober, steady\\nmen. Johannesburg became the centre of the most riot-\\nous, extravagant, gay life. New mining cities are rarely\\nthe ideal abodes of law and order, and Johannesburg was\\nat first more disorderly than the usual run. For this both\\nBoers and Outlauders were to blame, but the main blame\\nmust be laid on President Krugers administration,. The\\nPresident and Volksraad were the makers and the ad-\\nministrators of the law, and had they spent some of their\\nnewly-found wealth on an adequate police force, they\\ncould have secured the same outward decency as was aft-\\nerwards to be found in Dawson City during its boom.\\nInstead of that, the President and Volksraad forgot their\\nduty in their keen eagerness to make money. Sanitation\\nw T as ignored, and very many strangers died from typhoid\\nand similar preventable diseases. Members of the Presi-\\ndent s family secured shares in liquor monopolies, which\\npiled up hundreds of thousands for them, at the cost of\\nthe bodies and souls of the victims of their traffic. The\\nburghers allowed the strangers to be as outwardly im-\\nmoral as they liked, so long as they paid well for the\\nprivilege. The local police force was little more than a\\nbody of bribed and incompetent nobodies.", "height": "4272", "width": "2584", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "62\\nKrager as Pharaoh.\\nAt first the strangers did not care. They were too\\neager to make money to think of health or good govern-\\nment, or the like. When a man could double his fortune\\nin an hour, he had no time to see about a vote. But\\ngradually Johannesburg settled down. The days of the\\ngreat boom were followed by the inevitable depression,\\nand then the people sought to put their house in order.\\nThe wilder spirits went elsewhere, and the mining indus-\\ntry began to establish itself on a sound commercial basis.\\nMining in the Transvaal has to be undertaken, not by the\\nsmall parties of miners with picks and shovels, but by\\ncombinations possessing large capital and laying down\\nexpensive machinery.\\nWhen the speculative fever was followed by a time of\\nsound industrial progress, the capitalists at the head of\\nthe new undertakings looked around to see how things\\ncould be improved. There were several obvious things\\nat once necessary. The capitalists could not perhaps be\\nexpected, as business men, to concern themselves very\\nmuch about sanitation and such things, but they wanted\\nthe ordinary conveniences for transacting business that\\ncan be had in every other civilized land. First they\\nwanted a railway. Everything had then to be brought\\nhundreds of miles up country by ox-wagon, the slowest\\nand most costly possible method of conveying goods.\\nThey wanted, not unnaturally, to be either able to manu-\\nfacture or else to import the articles, such as dynamite,\\nnecessary for mining. They wanted to have their Kaffir\\nlaborers protected against the temptation of drink. They\\nwould have liked cheaper food.\\nThese did not seem unreasonable demands, but Kruger\\nwould not listen to them. For long he resisted the railway,\\nin every possible way, till at last he was practically forced\\nto yield. He knew that railways would give strangers\\nstill greater facilities for entering his land, and even now,", "height": "4324", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "Kruger as Pharaoh.\\n63\\nhad he been able, he would have liked to exclude them.\\nThat was too late, but he could at least make it as hard\\nas possible for them to come. The proposal of the mine\\nowners to import or manufacture their own dynamite he\\nopposed for a more intelligible reason. He wanted dyna-\\nmite manufactured in the country itself, in order to have\\nfacilities for securing a supply in case of war. This is\\nnot the place to enter into all the scandals of the dyna-\\nmite business. Those who want to know them will find\\nall they want in the report of President Kruger s own\\nCommission of Inquiry in 1896. But though the abuses\\nwere thus openly revealed, they still remain unredressed.\\nThe only reason which the most careful investigator can\\nfind why the native liquor traffic was not checked is be-\\ncause the relatives and friends of the President reaped\\nvery considerable profit from it.\\nThe Outlanders appealed time after time to the Presi-\\ndent for redress. He sometimes sent them away with\\nsoft words, sometimes with abuse, for growing years had\\nmade his temper very treacherous. Often he would ex-\\nplain to them that he would gladly give them what they\\nwanted, but his burghers would not immediately consent,\\nand must be brought round. For a time this deceived the\\noutside world, and English journalists drew sad pictures\\nof the progressive and enlightened President, checked in\\nhis beneficent career by a stubborn and intractable peas-\\nantry. I remember at the time discussing the point with\\na famous Afrikander jurist and statesman, an old and in-\\ntimate friend of the President. Our talk had turned on\\nthe question of reform, and, to my surprise, my compan-\\nion emphatically declared, There will be no real reform\\nwhile Paul Kruger is President! But he has just been\\nsaying how gladly he would satisfy his Outlander friends\\nif he could, I protested. That is all nonsense, the\\nstatesman replied. I know Oom Paul as well as I know", "height": "4268", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "6 4\\nKruger as Pharaoh.\\nany man, and in many ways I have the sincerest admira-\\ntion for him. But he is not a reformer. If he wanted\\nreform he could have it to-morrow, for he can do just\\nwhat he pleases with his Volksraad. When he dies re-\\nform will certainly come, and come quickly. But so long\\nas he remains in power the Outlanders will not get a sin-\\ngle real concession. That conversation took place sev-\\neral years back, and every day since has proved the truth\\nof my companion s view.\\nThe President could be very rough to deputations when\\nhe pleased, especially when he got the worst in argument.\\nHis stock reply to any demand for reform was that it\\nwank] imperii the independence of the country. When\\nsn ih m ler deputation talked of protesting, he shouted\\nfiercely. Protest! What is the use of protesting? I\\nhave the guns, you haven t. Another time, there were\\nsome Outlanders present at a meeting. Friends, said\\nthe President, you are not all friends here. There are\\nsome of you are murderers and thieves nevertheless I\\nwill address you. Friends, murderers, and thieves.\\nThe Outlanders thought at first that they might, by\\nbecoming citizens, obtain political power, and so influence\\nlegislation. Kruger saw this danger, and guarded\\nagainst it. Originally an alien could be naturalized after\\nfive years residence. A number of strangers came in in\\n1886-7, and would have obtained political power about\\n1893. So in 1890 the constitution of the Volksraad was\\nchanged, all the real power being put into the hands of a\\nFirst Chamber, which was elected solely by those who\\nhad been eligible for ten years to vote for the Second\\nVolksraad. In other words, a man must be fifteen years\\nin the land before he could have any political power.\\nThis, of course, shut out all the Outlanders. Further\\ntaws were passed, the one result of which was, as Presi-\\ndent Kruger intended, that no Outlanders but a picked", "height": "4328", "width": "2824", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Kruger as Pharaoh.\\n65\\nfew approved by him should have part in the govern-\\nment. In other words the Republic became an oli-\\ngarchy, the countrymen exercising the power over the\\ntownsmen. The position was not new in the history of\\nmankind, and had President Kruger studied thje records\\nof other lands, he would have learned that the struggle\\nhas always finally ended in one way\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in the triumph of\\ncity over country.\\nThe Outlanders petitioned and petitioned for some\\nrights. Go home and do your worst, the President\\nonce cried in wrath, I will give you nothing. If -I\\ngrant them what they want/ he another time told a\\nfriend, I might as well haul down that flag at once, and\\nhe pointed as he spoke to the Transvaal colors flying out-\\nside. Another time he compared the Outlanders with a\\nman who said to the driver of a wagon, Give us the whip\\nani the reins; our stock, our property, our interests, and\\nour homes are also in this cart. But the driver replied,\\nYes, that is all very fine, I admit your belongings are\\nalso in this cart, but where are you going to drive me to,\\nand how do I know that you don t purpose upsetting\\nme?\\nAn English minister, he said, once compared a\\ngrowing state to a child, whose frock has to be enlarged\\neach year. This simile is applicable to our State. We\\nhave had to change the frock of our child so often that\\nthere is danger she will soon outgrow her parents. This\\nis only to be expected, for old people, after they have\\nreached a certain age, are always subject to decay, and it\\nis then that young people overtake them. But he deter-\\nmined that the decay of the Transvaal Republic should be\\nprevented as long as possible.\\nIn 1890 an event occurred that undoubtedly greatly\\ndeepened his distrust of the Outlanders. Kruger went\\nto JohatjH shurg to assure the people, among other things", "height": "4268", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "66\\nKruger as Pharaoh.\\nthat he intended to build a railway. There was much\\nmutual suspicion, he got a very bad reception, and in the\\nevening the Transvaal flag was pulled down and de-\\nstroyed. Some of the madder rioters had a big scheme\\nbehind. They contemplated nothing less than seizing the\\nPresident and his guard, laying hold of the arsenal at\\nPretoria, arming the Outlanders, and declaring a revolu-\\ntion. Happily for them their scheme failed, for Jame-\\nson s Raid would have been nothing to the fiasco that\\nwould have resulted.\\nThe friends of peace tried to make the President over-\\nlook the affair. Two years after they once more got him\\nto visit the town. This time Johannesburg was happy, a\\npublic holiday was declared, and the Outlanders shouted\\nthemselves hoarse in the President s honor. Lick-spit-\\ntles the old man contemptuously declared, and not with-\\nout cause, perhaps, for he had done nothing in the mean-\\ntime to reconcile them.\\nAnother incident, this time in 1894, showed the state\\nof feeling. Sir Henry (now Lord) Loch visited Pretoria\\nas High Commissioner about the question of comman-\\ndeering, certain British subjects having been compelled\\nto serve with the Boer forces in fighting against a native\\nchief. The incident may best be related in Sir Henry\\nLoch s own words\\nOn my arrival at Pretoria I was met at the station by\\nPresident Kruger, accompanied by many of his Execu-\\ntive. There was a great crowd at the station, and it wa?\\nwith the greatest difficulty that President Kruger was\\nenabled to have the way cleared for himself and myself,\\ngoing to his carriage. The crowd was a very excited\\ncrowd. They removed the President s coachman from\\nthe box and took out his horses. Two men clambered on\\nthe box with Union Jacks, and in this way we were con-\\nducted to Pretoria, a distance of from a quarter to half a", "height": "4320", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Kruger as Pharaoh.\\n67\\nmile. On our arrival at the hotel where rooms had been\\nprepared for me, there was a great crowd assembled in\\nthe streets wishing to present addresses. I reminded\\nthose who were anxious to present addresses to me that\\nI was the guest of a friendly power, and I refused to re-\\nceive any address unless proper consideration was paid\\nto the President, to his Government and to the people of\\nthe South African Republic. There was much excite-\\nment at Johannesburg at this period. m\\nWhat was worse, the mob accidentally left President\\nKruger in his carriage at the door of Sir Henry s hotel,\\nwith the horses removed, and no way of getting forward.\\nThe High Commissioner had arranged to visit Johannes-\\nburg, but President Kruger begged him, as an act of in-\\nternational friendship, to give up that intended journey.\\nHad he gone, there would undoubtedly have been an up-\\nrising of the English. So Sir Henry received a deputa-\\ntion at Pretoria, arid there the talk turned on the ques-\\ntion whether the Outlanders had any arms. Sir Henry\\nintended, by asking the question, to show them the folly\\nof their proposed rising, but they misunderstood him, and\\nthought him to mean that if they had arms he would\\ncounsel resistance. This is the sense in which the depu-\\ntation took it, and they remembered it to some purpose\\ntwo years afterward.\\nIt can hardly be wondered that President Kruger\\nviewed these strangers with suspicion. They remind\\nme, said he, of the old baboon chained up in my yard.\\nWhen he burned his tail in the Kaffirs 7 fire the other day,\\nhe turned round and bit me, just after I had been feeding\\nhim.", "height": "4268", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X.\\nKRUGER AND THE GERMANS.\\nIn dealing with England, Kruger s policy is to play\\none political party against another. In dealing with the\\nworld as a whole, his plan is to play one nation against\\nanother. Since 1884 he has constantly, and as far as\\npossible secretly, sought to play German influences\\nagainst British influences, in order to maintain his na-\\ntional independence. Some have imagined that he might\\neven welcome a German Protectorate. This is not so\\nand he is perfectly well aware that such an idea is quite\\noutside of practical politics. He has used the German\\nto the utmost. He has given Germany considerable com-\\nmercial advantages but he would fight as bitterly against\\nGerman supremacy as he is now doing against English.\\nHis first attempt to approach Germany was in 1884,\\non his visit to Europe to secure the revision of the con-\\nvention. At that time he visited Berlin, and was brought\\nin close contact with members of the rapidly growing\\nGerman Colonial party. In South Africa and England\\nour statesmen had either treated him with contempt or an\\nill-concealed and irritating patronage, as though they\\nwere infinitely superior to this farmer-soldier-statesman.\\nIn Berlin, on the contrary, Kruger found himself at once\\na hero and an honored guest. Prince Bismarck declared\\nhim to be one of the greatet diplomats of the century;\\nand the old Kaiser not only conversed with his guest in\\nLow German, but discovered close religious sympathies\\nwith him. Kruger, in turn, spoke openly to -his host.\\nYour Majesty, 5 he said, you are an old gentleman, and", "height": "4328", "width": "2816", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "Kruger and the Germans.\\n6 9\\ngovern a powerful Empire. The Transvaal, when com-\\npared to Germany, is only a little child. Such a child\\nlooks for help to his parents and guardians. It may fall\\ndown, and then it wants to be helped up again. If we in\\nthe Transvaal are again in great need, will you help and\\ndeliver us?\\nThe ambitious members of the German Colonial party\\nthought they saw in Kruger one who could help them to\\ncheck the British advance in South Africa. There were\\nmany discussions about what should be done and how\\nand soon after Kruger returned home the plans were\\ntranslated into action. According to the convention of\\n1884, the western frontier of the Transvaal was strictly\\ndefined, this being purposely done in order to keep open\\nfor England the great trade route through Africa. This\\ndid not suit the Boers, who strongly objected to being-\\npenned in by any exact borders. The Germans had al-\\nready seized Damaraland and the Boers conceived a\\nscheme of annexing Bechuanaland, and thus having a\\nsolid line of territory right across Africa, preventing the\\nBritish advance north. Hardly had Kruger returned to\\nPretoria before bodies of Boers openly organized in the\\nTransvaal and invaded Bechuanaland. The expedition\\nwas not under the official protection of the Transvaal\\nGovernment, but among its leaders were Transvaal of-\\nficials and President Kruger perfectly well knew what\\nwas going on, even if he did not, as many shrewdly sus-\\npect, quietly arrange for the whole thing. The raiders\\nmurdered one British official Commander Bethell in\\nmost cowardly fashion. They attacked Mafeking, and\\ntried by force to assert sovereignty over the whole coun-\\ntry. They induced, or forced, native chiefs to invite them\\nto establish republics there and in due course President\\nKruger issued a proclamation taking these new republics\\nunder the protection of the Transvaal. It was a verv\\nr", "height": "4248", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "70 Krager and the Germans.\\npretty bit of work, and had it only succeeded it would\\nhave curbed Great Britain in most effectual fashion.\\nDoubtless Kruger, when he had got so much already b\\\\\\nbluffing England, thought he might well try to get a little\\nmore but England was awake this time.\\nJohn Mackenzie, the missionary and .administrator, had\\nbeen lecturing and lobbying in England to show what the\\nBoer advance meant. Mr. Rhodes, then just coming to\\nthe front, helped in the same thing. The British Gov-\\nernment, struck by the insolence of the whole affair, sent\\nan ultimatum to the Transvaal, compelling Kruger to\\nwithdraw his proclamation. It also sent a military expe-\\ndition to Bechuanaland that drove the rebels and raiders\\nback to their own home. It was the remembrance of this\\nand similar raids that made many old Afrikanders smile\\nsneeringly at the Boers virtuous indignation over Dr.\\nJameson s Raid. A treaty of commerce with Germany\\nAvas one of the steps in cementing the alliance but, fur-\\nther than that, Kruger proceeded in even possibly way\\nto favor the Germans. They shared with the Hollanders\\nall the plums in monopolies and concessions so much so.\\nin fact, that many of the old Boers loudly grumbled.\\nWhen the Delagoa Bay railway was built, the Germans\\nheld more shares than either the Hollanders or the Re-\\npublic. The railway was managed apparently to favor\\nGerman traders, wherever favoritism could be shown.\\nThe Germans backed up Kruger by pouring capital into\\nthe country, and such trifles as the dynamite monopoly\\ndirectly taxed every mine owner for their benefit. In at\\nleast one case, in a Government contract for electrically\\nlighting the town of Pretoria, only four German firms\\nwere allowed to compete. German military officers were\\nbrought over, and when Dr. Leyds went to Europe in the\\nautumn of 1896, with i85,ooo of the Secret Service\\nmoney at his back, it was commonly believed that he", "height": "4284", "width": "2824", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Kruger and the Germans.\\nmeant to directly subsidize the immigration of old Ger-\\nman soldiers to the Transvaal.\\nIn 1885, Kruger publicly, on the Kaiser s birthday, de-\\nclared his policy of friendship for Germany, and later on,\\nwhen the railway to Delagoa Bay was opened, four Ger-\\nman men-o -war were sent to take part in the festivities,\\nand Kruger was received on them with almost royal\\nhonors. But it was not until January, 1896, that English\\npeople as a whole really awoke to the seriousness of the\\nGerman menace. After the defeat of Jameson and his\\nmen, the Kaiser sent a cable to Kruger publicly congratu-\\nlating him on his victory. I express to you, wrote the\\nKaiser, my sincere congratulations that, without appeal-\\ning to the help of friendly powers, you and .your people\\nhave succeeded in repelling with your own forces the\\narmed bands which had broke,n into your country, and in\\nmaintaining the independence of your country against\\nforeign aggression. This was not all. Another Ger-\\nman man-o -war was ordered to Delagoa Bay and the\\nGerman Minister used the utmost pressure on the Portu-\\nguese Government to induce it to permit the landing of a\\nforce of marines, and their passage through Portuguese\\nterritory into the Transvaal. The Portuguese refused.\\nThis act did more than arouse England it put Kruger\\nhimself on guard. He clearly saw that the German de-\\nsign now was to obtain a direct protectorate over his\\ncountry. He was hardly in a position at that moment\\nto publicly snub the Kaiser but his friend and ally, Mr.\\nHofmeyr, leader of the Afrikander Bond, did it for him\\nby openly laughing at the Emperor s telegram as bluster,\\nand prophesying that the. first result of German war with\\nEngland would be to lose Germany all her African pos-\\nsessions.", "height": "4244", "width": "2756", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XL\\nSTORM, STRESS AND STRAIN.\\nFor the past eight years, President Krugers position\\nhas been anything but a bed or roses. The last decade of\\nthe century open*ed badly for him. His own burghers\\nwere growing restive, his personal popularity w T as declin-\\ning, his rival, Joubert, was rapidly growing in power, re-\\nlations with England were stormy, and the Outlanders\\nwere threatening rebellion. Even the Dutch of the Free\\nState had for the time turned against him. A number of\\nofficials had been brought in* from Holland, greatly to the\\ndisgust of burghers who were exploiting the land for\\ntheir benefit. It is easy enough to blame President Kru-\\nger for this, and there were no more severe critics about\\nthis matter than his own people. But he sorely felt the\\nneed of trained and capable assistants his own people\\nhad been so isolated that they could not give him the\\nlegal, scientific, and technical knowledge lie wanted. He\\ndared not trust the English and appoint them for he did\\nnot like Englishmen, and he knew that they would prob-\\nably use their posts to further Outlander claims. Hol-\\nlanders and Germans were the only outsiders he could\\ntrust to work with him.\\nPeople, too, were throwing against him the charge of\\ncorruption. It may be well here to detail the chief\\ngrounds on which that charge is urged. First comes the\\nfact that he accepted the present of the house in which he\\nnow resides from a Mr. Nellmapius, and shortly after-\\nward bestowed on that gentleman the sole right to erect", "height": "4284", "width": "2764", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Storm, Stress and Strain.\\n73\\na distillery and manufacture spirits from purchased fruit\\nand grain. Later, he gave him the sole right to erect a\\njam factory. The second ground of the charge of cor-\\nruption is that he got the Volksraad to sanction the mak-\\ning of a road across his estate at a cost of \u00c2\u00a35,000, which\\nwould be of absolutely no use to any one but the owner of\\nthe farm. There are one or two minor affairs which\\nneed not be included. How far these two acts constitute\\npolitical corruption, each reader can best decide for him-\\nself. Certainly, compared with other things that have\\ngone on in the Transvaal, they are mere nothings.\\nIn 1893 the Progressive party prepared itself for a\\ngreat battle. The election of the first Volksraad took\\nplace that year, and also the presidential contest. The\\nProgressives put forward General Joubert as their candi-\\ndate, and money was poured forth liberally on both sides.\\nIn Cape Colony and Natal, the standard of political con-\\nduct, and the attitude toward bribery and corruption, is\\nmuch the same as it was in England a century ago. Kru-\\nger had evidently been studying the ways of some of the\\npolitical bosses of the United States, for he annexed their\\nmethods in wholesale fashion. As President, he had con-\\ntrol of the machinery of the elections, and he used that\\nfor his own purpose. Few, if any, doubt that General\\nJoubert really secured a majority of the votes at that elec-\\ntion but when the final poll was declared, Kruger was\\nannounced to have 7,881 votes, and Joubert 7,009. The\\nJoubert party seriously considered the advisability of ap-\\npealing to arms against Kruger, but better counsels pre-\\nvailed. Kruger was once more triumphant.\\nQuarrels with England were frequent. The Boers\\nwanted Swaziland, and Kruger made all manner of un-\\nofficial promises of the good things he would do if he only\\ngot it. Various raids into British territory were started,\\nand more than once England and the Transvaal seemed", "height": "4264", "width": "2756", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "74\\nStorm, Stress and Strain.\\nat the point of war, and fighting was only avoided by\\nKruger giving way.\\nMeanwhile a new man had arisen in South Africa,\\nCecil Rhodes. He and Kruger had first come to dispute\\nover the Bechuanaland question, and soon they knocked\\nagainst each other in further ways. In England there\\nseems to be a common idea that all South African politics\\nare summed up in the names of Rhodes and Kruger.\\nThis is far from correct, but it is certain that the two\\nstand as the great representatives of the two divergent\\nlines of policy Rhodes for British supremacy and equal\\nrights for all white men south of the Zambesi, Kruger for\\nan independent Afrikander nation. Rhodes as Premier\\nof Cape Colony, head of the diamond trust, De Beers,\\nchief of the great Transvaal mining company, the Con-\\nsolidated Gold Fields, and founder of Rhodesia, could not\\nbe ignored. In extending the dominions of the Empire\\nover Matabeleland and Mashonaland, he closed the North\\nto the Boers as a separate people. At first, he wanted to\\nwork with Kruger, as he worked with the Cape Dutch;\\nand he went out of his way to make friendly advances.\\nBut the old President would have none of him. Kruger\\nquickly got the idea that Rhodes was the cause of all his\\ntroubles, and a bitter hatred of him sprang up. During\\nthe past few years, the very mention of his name is\\nenough to send the old man into a violent temper, and his\\nfavorite adjective for him is Murderer. In common\\nspeech, he does not talk of Mr. Rhodes, but of That\\nMurderer, and every one knows whom he means.\\nAs head of the Consolidated Gold Fields, Mr. Rhodes\\nhad a large pecuniary interest in securing good govern-\\nment in the Transvaal while, as Premier of Cape Colony,\\nhe wanted the everlasting disturbances there ended. The\\nother great mine owners of Johannesburg joined with\\nhim, and together they fixed up a nice little plot. Dr.", "height": "4284", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "Storm, Stress and Strain.\\n75\\nJameson, the Administrator of Rhodesia, was to bring a\\nlarge portion of the Chartered Company s forces to Maf-\\neking, on the borders of the Transvaal. At the same\\ntime, arms were to be smuggled into Johannesburg, and\\nthe Outlanders were to be quietly organized. At a given\\nsignal the Boer arsenal at Pretoria \\\\vas to be seized, the\\nOutlanders armed, the President arrested, and a new\\nprovisional government proclaimed. At the same time\\nJameson was to ride over the border with a thousand men\\nto help the new government.\\nKruger had a shrewd idea of what was going on,\\nthough he did not realize the full extent of the plot. In a\\ngruff and biting sentence he told his people that they must\\nwait till the tortoise put its head out of the shell, and then\\nthey could stamp on it.\\nBut the reformers started quarreling among them-\\nselves as to whether the new government was to be un-\\nder Great Britain or not. Urgent messages were sent to\\nDr. Jameson to delay his invasion until this point was set-\\ntled, but the Administrator brushed them on one side, as\\nthough he had never heard them. Rash, bold, he believed\\nthat one good rush would finish the business and on the\\nevening of the last Sunday in 1895 he and his men struck\\nover into Transvaal territory.\\nTheir story is well known. Meanwhile, how were\\nthings going at Pretoria? Kruger s spies had served\\nhim badly, for he did not expect so quick a development.\\nOn New Year s morning the British agent, Sir Jacobus\\nde Wet, was urgently summoned out of bed to go to the\\nPresident. He found him up, with a number of his lead-\\ning officials around him. He was greatly excited, declar-\\ning that two thousand men from Johannesburg, with\\nMaxims and cannon, were marching on Pretoria. A\\nhorse was standing ready saddled in his stable, to take\\nhim out of danger, and poor Mrs. Kruger, for once", "height": "4268", "width": "2680", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "76 Storm, Stress and Strain,\\nstartled into some kind of interest in politics, was wonder-\\ning how her old man would ride, for, declared she, he\\nhas not been on the saddle for twenty years.\\nPretoria was in a panic, but it soon discovered the\\nneedlessness of its fright. Messengers were sent out on\\nall sides, and before many hours the Boer farmers flocked\\nin from a hundred districts ready to defend their leader\\nwith their lives.\\nThere is no need to tell the old tale, of how the Boer\\nonce more won, how Kruger played with his prisoners\\nlike a cat with a mouse, and how he succeeded in using\\nthe failure to place Johannesburg wholly under his heel.\\nHe had only one regret in his hour of triumph. He be-\\nlieved that Cecil Rhodes was the main mover in the af-\\nfair, and he wanted him punished. What is the use of\\nwhipping the little dogs when the big one is out of\\nreach he asked.", "height": "4284", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII.\\nFAILURE.\\nKruger had now everything in his own hands. Johan-\\nnesburg was tired of politics, and revolutions were at a\\ndiscount. England felt its hands were tied, and that for\\nthat time it must leave the Transvaal to work out its own\\nfate. The most moderate exercise of real statesmanship,\\nof wisdom toward his opponents, of generosity, would\\nhave made all right. Fifteen years before Kruger might\\nhave done this now he was too much set on his own way\\nto swerve an inch.\\nGood counselors who had proved their devotion to him\\nthrough long years begged him to act up to his declara-\\ntion of peace to Johannesburg. But other counselors\\nwere not wanting; and some of the Hollander officials\\nwere tireless in painting the picture of an independent\\nSouth Africa, secured in its independence by the Conti-\\nnent of Europe, over which Kruger should rule as Presi-\\ndent. At times Kruger s speeches seemed to point in one\\ndirection, at times to another, but the end was always the\\nsame. The heel was ground more firmly on the Outland-\\nors, till the cry of their suffering filled the earth.\\nEven in England very little sympathy was now felt for\\nthe Johannesburgers. It was thought (not altogether\\njustly) that they had fooled away their chances, and de-\\nserved all they got. They were openly taunted with\\ncowardice, and for a time their city was nicknamed\\nthroughout South Africa, Judasberg. Their conspir-\\nacy was perhaps the worst managed conspiracy English-\\nmen had ever taken part*in during recent years, and they", "height": "4272", "width": "2660", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "7\u00c2\u00bb\\nFailure.\\nhad been content to lay down their arms without striking\\na blow. No doubt they had innumerable very good ex-\\ncuses; no doubt they were jockeyed and fooled by Kru-\\nger but the world would have preferred to hear their ex-\\ncuses after they had fought.\\nThe case of Johannesburg was the more remarkable,\\nbecause several of the leaders were men of tried and\\nproved courage. But if they had been unwise they as-\\nsuredly had to suffer for it. The Boers assumed the most\\nintolerable airs. The Englishman was only fit for insults\\nof every kind, and they took care that he got insults in\\nplenty. The British Government was watching, but for\\nsome time could do nothing. Kruger had now got to a\\nstage of despising England. Chamberlain he and his\\nsupporters would joke together. Yes, Chamberlain\\nbarks very loud, but you never feel his bite. He is al-\\nways worrying at your heels, but he never puts his teeth\\nin them.\\nAt last things came to a*crisis through what at the time\\nseemed a very little thing. An English subject, Edgar,\\nwas shot by a Boer policeman under circumstances which\\nexcited great indignation amongst British subjects in the\\nTransvaal. They appealed to the Queen directly, and\\ncalled a meeting, which was broken up in rough fashion\\nby a Boer mob. Sir Alfred Milner, the British High\\nCommissioner for South Africa, interposed, and the end\\nwas a conference between him and President Kruger at\\nBloemfontein, the capital of the Orange Eree State, open-\\ning on May 31, 1899.\\nEngland entered into this conference with a sincere de-\\nsire to find a peaceful way of ending the South African\\nstrife. President Kruger entered it determined to make\\nno real concessions. All on the inside track of Pretorian\\npolitics knew this. A little thing that came under my\\nnotice at the time may illustrate what Kruger s friends", "height": "4284", "width": "2776", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Failure.\\n79\\nknew. One South African leader of my acquaintance\\nheard a friend declaring that the era of peace was at last\\nto come through the conference. I bet you ten thousand\\nit isn t/ he said but I tell you. you will simply throw\\nyour money away, for I am sure to win. I asked him\\nwhy he was so sure. There is no question whatever\\nabout it, he replied. Even the British Government\\nmight know, if it wanted, that it is simply wasting time\\nin holding the conference. Kruger has absolutely made\\nup his mind to stand firm and yield nothing. He is mere-\\nly going through the talk as a matter of form. My ad-\\nvices from Pretoria leave the matter beyond doubt.\\nEvents showed that my informant was right. To every\\nproposal of Sir Alfred Milner the same reply was given,\\nYou are attacking my independence. There Kruger\\nstood.\\nFor weeks after the break-up of the conference the\\ndiplomatic contest went on, dispatch following dispatch,\\nreply following reply, till all the world was weary. As\\nthe days passed it became clearer and clearer that the end\\ncould only be war. The Boers delayed things till they\\nhad secured their grass crop, and then, on Kruger s sev-\\nenty-fifth birthday, a declaration of war was launched by\\nthem in terms which England had never had addressed to\\nher since the days of Xapoleon.\\nWhat new? What of to-morrow? To-day the noise\\nof battle fills our ears, but what when the sound of the\\nguns dies away? Is this old man to remain ever Eng-\\nland s foe? Is he to go down to his grave fighting for\\nhis imagined liberty, or is a day to arise in Africa when\\neven he will find all the justice and liberty he requires in\\na really free South Africa, under the British flag? We\\nmust admit that his bitterness against England has been\\nto a certain extent caused by the mistakes of the English.", "height": "4272", "width": "2668", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "8o\\nFailure.\\nIt may be too late to reconcile him, but the day must sure-\\nly come when Dutch and English shall live in peace to-\\ngether in one great dominion, when each shall respect the\\ncourage of the other, each agree to forgive the mutual\\nmistakes of past years, and work together, in the real\\nAfrikander spirit, for home and empire.", "height": "4284", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "THE\\nTransvaal Boer Speaking for Himself\\nEXTRACTS FROM THE WORK BY\\nC. N. T. DU PLESSIS,\\nOF JOHANNESBURG.\\nTranslated by R* ACTON.", "height": "4236", "width": "2684", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4276", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nA complete reproduction of the Dutch book written by\\nMr. Du Plessis would be tedious, owing to its length. I\\nsympathize, however, to a certain extent, with the cause\\nwhich he advocates, that of the political independence of\\nthe two Dutch Africander Republics, upon the grounds\\nthat those territories, beyond the Orange and the Vaal\\nrivers, occupied by their fathers sixty years ago, had\\nnever been claimed by any title as under the dominion of\\nthe British Crown and that personally the emigrant\\nBoers of 1836 and 1837, middle-aged men, the heads of\\nfamilies, who were born in the Cape Colony before it was\\nv transferred, in 18 15, from the dominion of the Dutch\\nXetherlands to that of King George III., owed no allegi-\\nance to the new sovereign when they chose to seek an-\\nother abode far beyond the frontier. This claim to en-\\ntire independence in a new country which lay vacant for\\nany people could not be taken away from them or their\\nsons by any arbitrary acts done afterward in the name\\nof Queen Victoria s Government, without actual con-\\nquest neither by the proclamation of the Orange River\\nSovereignty/ which after six years was formally an-\\nnulled in 1854, nor by the annexation of the Transvaal in\\n1877, a st iH more unwarrantable proceeding, which was\\nnullified by the conventions of 1881 and 1884. The\\nrights of the Transvaal Boers to the fullest and freest\\nself-government had, indeed, been previously acknowl-\\nedged and established, and not as a grant of grace, by the\\nSand River Convention of 1852. I think it is the duty of", "height": "4260", "width": "2668", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "8 4\\nIntroduction.\\nany loyal and patriotic Englishman, however insignificant\\nand obscure he may be, to advocate, for the honor of his\\nown nation, the continued observance of such state en-\\ngagements.\\nI leave the Transvaal Boer to speak for himself and\\nhis nation. His sentiments, as those of an Afrikander\\nwho has never seen Europe, are different from mine as\\nan Englishman but it is useful now to become acquainted\\nwith them. R. A.\\nLondon, October 21, 1899.", "height": "4320", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4188", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4284", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "THE TRANSVAAL BOER SPEAKING\\nFOR HIMSELF.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nBOER LIFE, OLD AND YOUNG.\\nReader, this book of mine contains Passages of the\\nHistory of the Afrikanders. In succeeding chapters you\\nwill see I have followed the course of events concerning\\nthe formation and position of the South African Repub-\\nlic/ But it will be useful, it is needful for knowing the\\ncharacter of this community; first of all to go further\\nback, more than half a century and I will not here begin\\nwith an account of wars, or of state politics, for I wish\\nyou, and I wish our own young people, Afrikanders now\\ngrowing up to be the men and women in charge of this\\nfine country forty or fifty years hence, to read what was\\nthe life, the habits and manners of our old forefathers. I\\nknow what it was before my lifetime for when I was a\\nboy, I often listened to the talk of the old men. There\\nsat the grandfathers, with fathers and uncles, each upon\\nhis rudely-made Veld-stool, with his own long-stemmed\\npipe to smoke and we children sat around, near, enough\\nto hear what they said, about what one of them had seen\\nand another of them had done, it might be, as I suppose,\\nnow, more or less a hundred years ago.\\nWell now, young people who hear my talk, let me say a\\nlittle of the way we Boers lived when I was of the age of", "height": "4244", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "86 Boer Life, Old and Young.\\none or another of you. At Ventersvallei, in the district\\nof Colesberg, near the Orange River, I was born, about\\ntwo years after the exodus of the old Boer Voortrekkers,\\nwho, like the Hebrew^ when Pharaoh was forced to let\\nthem go from bondage, taking their flocks and herds,\\nwent tip armed out of the king s land to another land,\\nwhich the Lord had promised Israel, that they might\\nserve the Lord, they and their children. Never forget\\nthat, young Afrikanders how the English dominion was\\nto your fathers as the kingdom of Egypt, from which the\\nLord helped them to go free! Keep now from English\\nways; so, in time, under God s blessing, with His prom-\\nise, shall the numbers- of your people, who possess this\\nland, in the north and in the east parts of South Africa,\\nhereafter be increased tenfold; and it shall be for the\\nAfrikander nation to rule over it, with a confederation of\\nUnited States of South Africa, strong enough to defend\\nit, not only against the mighty British Empire, but\\nagainst any European power. For what has the Eng-\\nlishman ever done here for us, that he should reign here\\nover the free Afrikanders? Our fathers have subdued\\nthe wilderness, clearing it of ferocious beasts and con-\\nquering the savage warrior nations those who were led\\nby Moselikatze on the Vaal River^ in tens of thousands\\nand by Dingaan in Natal, who slaughtered the women\\nand children in the Boer camps, and who treacherously\\nslew the Boer guests at Dingaan s feast; but that was\\navenged on a day of battle, the 16th of December, 1838,\\nwith the defeat of the Zulus, which we still, under a per-\\npetual solemn vow of thanksgiving to God, here celebrate\\nyearly in the Transvaal When and where, I ask, did the\\nEnglish ever help our people? What protection have\\nthey ever afforded to us? Just after our fathers, in\\nNatal, had defeated the Zulus, and had deposed the cruel\\ntyrant Dingaan, setting up his peaceable brother Panda,", "height": "4284", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "Boer Life, Old and Young. 87\\nthe Governor of the Cape sent orders that they must give\\nup their rifles and ammunition and because they would\\nnot yield, they were driven out of that land. We owe\\nnothing to England We could have defended ourselves\\nagainst the Zulus again, in Cetewayo s time, as we did be-\\nfore. We did not invite Shepstone to save us. We are\\nhere in our own territory, which never belonged to the\\nBritish Empire. I say that Rhodes and Jameson and\\ntheir fellow conspirators in this city of Johannesburg,\\nwhen they plotted, only the other day, to take from us the\\nrule of this country, must have been under a delusion\\ncreated by the devil\\nBut there are serious dangers in these days threatening\\nto lessen the strength of our nation, and to undermine\\nthe State. Without saying more of politics to you, boys\\nand girls., I want you seriously to understand that it is\\nthrough you, the young Afrikanders, or some of you, that\\nthose dangers will come, if they are not resisted by each\\nof you, now and in future. The character of the Eu-\\nropeans and Americans who come to this place, of late\\nyears, is different from that of the Afrikanders, as a na-\\ntion. If we become like them, we shall be their servants,\\ninstead of standing as a free people. That is our chief\\ndanger now. But what is worse, the manners of some of\\nthem in this town are vicious, base and unworthy. You\\nknow, for your own conscious must tell you. that it is so.\\nI should be sorry for any of you to grow up young men\\nand women like them.\\nWhen you hear of the. lives and habits of our old folk\\nabout fifty years ago, some little things will make you\\nsmile they were so very simple, compared with all the\\nnew and better articles we have now. But the old arti-\\ncles were useful to the old generation of people and the\\nold people, your forefathers, were good men in their time.\\nI am not opposed to any modern improvements that come", "height": "4272", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "88 Boer Life, Old and Young.\\nof science knowledge is good for us, as well as for the\\nEuropean nations. The Dutchmen, the Hollanders, whc\\nhave come to South Africa, many of them clever men,\\nsince about 1855, have instructed us, have reformed our\\nschooling, and have corrected our use of the Dutch\\nlanguage, the ancient, noble language of our race, the\\nlanguage of our Bible, which had been corrupted by the\\nchildren talking with slaves in the colonial households.\\nWe have been taught good reading and writing, arith-\\nmetic, drawing and music there have been able Dutch\\ntutors in many rich Boers families. In general, the\\nDutchmen who came here among us were poor men, seek-\\ning employment they had no money capital to invest\\nhere but they brought learning and skill, a far greater\\nbenefit to this country, if our young people learn from\\nthem.\\nBut it is different with the sort or class of other Europ-\\neans, the English especially, as we see them here in\\nJohannesburg, and men of various foreign nations, ar-\\nrived since the goldfields became so attractive. To con-\\nsort with these, and to adopt their manners and habits\\nand speech, would be the ruin of our nation. I solemnly\\nwarn you not to do so. That is why I now speak to you\\nchildren. There is a false idea, among foolish or mean\\nand unfaithful Afrikanders, that taking such a course is\\nin the line of what they call Progress. I think it leads\\nto no good. It is the way to forfeit the Lord s blessing\\nand promise. It makes you weak, till you become ser-\\nvants of the Europeans.\\nXow then, for a sketch of our old Boer ways of life,\\nthe earliest home I can remember for I was three\\nyears, old when my father removed from Ventersvallei,\\nwhere Oupa, or Old Pa/ my grandfather, lived, to\\nKareepoort, only three miles but we children thought the\\ndistance quite enough, afterwards, having to walk twice", "height": "4284", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Boer Life, Old and Young.\\n8 9\\na day to attend the school at Ventersvallei, which Oupa\\nhad caused to be set up. If you would like to know\\nPa, that is, my own father, look at his portrait here,\\nwhich shows him exactly as he sat, in his own arm-chair,\\nwith his legs crossed, with his pipe in his mouth, with his\\nleft hand holding a small Catechism book; that was on\\nSunday afternoon we five children, four sons and one\\ndaughter, ranged according to our ages, stood in a half\\ncircle before him the youngest was seven I, Nicholas,\\nwas the third son. My three brothers were much alike\\nin complexion, but my sister, Betta, was like her father;\\nwe all had dark-brown, or nearly black, hair. Brother\\nWillem w T as my chief companion.\\nThe Catechism for it does seem lit to begin an ac-\\ncount of home life with religion was a book of ques-\\ntions and answers which we knew well by rote. Pa read\\nout the questions, and we repeated the answers. It be-\\ngan, Who made you? The answer was, God and\\nso on, through the whole doctrine of the Bible. In the\\nwarm summer afternoons, I might feel sleepy; but my\\nfather had his hand-whip hanging behind his chair, so\\nI tried not to fall asleep. We were permitted afterwards\\nto go out for a walk, and even, if Ave saw any snakes,\\nwhich were very plentiful, to kill them for the serpent\\nis accursed, but we must not kill any other ceature on\\nSunday. For the restraint of our disposition to commit\\nsins, there were two appointed instrumentalities, in the\\nview of our parents and elders. The one was a smart\\nrod, or scourge, made of pear-tree tw igs the other, which\\nmight be forewarned, but not directly administered, by\\nhuman judges, was the Great Fire, which, of course,\\nmeant Hell. This was spoken of very frequently and\\nI literally believed in it when I was twenty years old\\nwe all grew up in that belief. Never once, in my youth,\\ndid I hear any child of the Boers profanely swearing, or", "height": "4268", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "90 Boer Life, Old and Young.\\nusing foul and indecent words. The only improprieties\\nin which they would indulge, when excited, were a men-\\ntion of the devil/ or the epithet devilish and\\nmachtig! supposed to be used for Almighty as an\\nexclamation of surprise calling on God. If any person\\nuttered either of these phrases, and was overheard, some\\nreligiously-minded hearer would admonish him not to\\nswear, or You will burn in the Great Fire This warn-\\ning usually had its due effect.\\nThe grown-up folk, in these days, were afraid of their\\nparson or minister, as children are afraid of their school-\\nmaster. After dinner, for which the fattest lamb and\\nfinest poultry had been killed, and the daintiest pastry\\nbaked, he receives the elders and deacons they have been\\nmaking their house-to-house visitation. Then he sits,\\nwith one local elder, in a room set apart for any parish-\\nioner, man or woman, to call upon him now it runs,\\nWell, Jan, how is your soul? What constrained for-\\nmal interchange of theological currency phrases may pass\\nbetween them, I will not inquire.\\nThe stated religious assembly for the Nachtmaal\\nSacrament, at Colesberg, brought together many large\\ncaravans, or trains of wagons, conveying the Boer fam-\\nilies all the way to that town, with ample stores of victuals\\nfor their sojourn, demanding much preparation in each\\nhousehold. At stages on the road where they stopped\\nand uitspanned, they would sit drinking coffee and dis-\\ncuss texts of the Bible, or church affairs; in 1851, the\\nintroduction of an organ, constructed by an English\\nmaker named Insor, who came first to play upon it, in\\nthe Colesberg church, occasioned some temporary dis-\\nsension. It certainly, at first, perplexed the congregation\\nin singing the psalms, as they were acquainted only with\\nthe old, slow measure in which their voorzanger, Oom\\nGabriel, used to intone the simple melody. What would", "height": "4328", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Boer Life, Old and Young.\\n9*\\nthey say to the performances in some of our churches\\nnow, as in the Fordsburg church here, with a troop of\\ndressed-up singing girls upon the platform behind the\\nminister, as at a concert hall: or a choir of vocal artists\\nto execute foreign anthems? Their musical squalling is\\nlike the opera; then, at the close, bursts out the roaring\\norgan, to chase away every godly thought. English\\nChurch customs and notions, imported through the in-\\nfluence of the Stellenbosch College into our community,\\nare felt by many of us to be revolting. To other people,\\nit may be, they seem edifying, but not to us. We don t\\nwant English fashions in religion or anything else.\\nIn the old times, as I think, what religion we had was\\nsimple and sincere, with little or no superstition, and with\\nno artifice, no vain pretensions to ornament, no men-\\npleasing inventions.\\nIn repelling the calumnies, spiteful and malignant., not\\nless than ignorant, uttered in England against cur nation,\\nand in referring to their social life at a period when I, as\\nmuch as any man could, must be intimately acquainted\\nwith it, I stand upon my own personal knowledge of the\\nfacts. Scarcely any community in the whole world could\\nless truly be charged with a prevalence of vices and\\ncrimes. In my youth, up to 1854, I know but of three\\nAfrikanders being sent to the prison at Colesburg: the\\nfirst was acquitted, the other two got a sentence of three\\nyears imprisonment in 1864, a man, born in Europe, as\\nI remember, was hanged for murdering his wife in\\nthirty years there were, six prisoners, of whom two were\\nfound guilty. Immorality among cur young men and\\nwomen then was unknown. They married at the a\u00c2\u00a3\\ntwenty, as I did. with the written, consent of parents,\\nafter being confirmed in the church. I first saw a man\\ndrtink when I was fifteen, and I did not understand his\\ncondition. Look at the numbers of wretched drunkards.", "height": "4268", "width": "2736", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "92 Boer Life, Old and Young.\\nand of female prostitutes, now in this city. What a con-\\ntrast! And the hundreds of criminals, of convict pris-\\noners, here in jail, or working in chains on the roads!\\nIt was not so when we had this country all to ourselves.\\nIn this manner, and in this mood, in kindly neighbor-\\nhood, half a century ago, the Afrikanders lived in the\\nland which they and their fathers had won from the wil-\\nderness. They desired only to enjoy their freedom, to\\npreserve their old customs, and to be at peace with all\\nother nations, with all Europeans coming to settle on\\nthis continent. I know that our people have been much\\nvilified and slandered by some English writers and speak-\\ners. We were not, according to modern ideas, an edu-\\ncated people. To be sure, we were not in my boyhood\\nthe schoolmasters and the lessons for us children of the\\nBoers were indeed contemptible.\\nThe school-books we used were the Bible, the ABC\\nbook, and Steps for Youth; but it was after having\\nlearned the last two books, to repeat them by heart, that\\nwe began to read in the Bible. We learned also to write\\na little with pen and ink and paper, having no slates, and\\nto know and make the ciphers of arithmetic. More was\\nnot required, and I believe that Meester himself knew\\nnothing more.\\nThere was a little girl called Mietje, rather ugly and\\ndisagreeable to her school-fellows twelve years old, and\\nalways in fault and disgrace. When she had begun with\\nthe Catechism, it happened that a couple of the Boers\\nwives came to visit the school. Mietje was sent for to\\nbe examined, but fearing that she was to be punished\\nwith Meester s rod upon the palm of her hand for some\\nhorrible wickedness she might have ignorantly committed,\\nhid herself behind a dunghill. When she was brought\\nin, a trembling captive, before the ladies and Meester\\nwith his rod, he solemnly put the first religious question", "height": "4324", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "Boer Life, Old and Young. 93\\nWho created the world? frowning, and speaking in\\na most awful voice, so that poor little Mietje, howling\\nand weeping, fell upon her knees before him, and cried\\nout\\nIt was I that did it, Meester; but I will never\u00e2\u0080\u0094 no\\nnever do it again\\nI am happy to state that Mietje has kept her promise;\\nso far as I am aware, she has not yet created another\\nworld; but she grew up a fine young woman, sensible,\\ndutiful, and well-behaved many of the young man as-\\npired to be her suitors and she is now a good wife and\\nmother, keeping house and home for a very worthy hus-\\nband.\\nOh, yes illiterate rustic folk, the old Boers of those\\ndays, but not stupid, mean, or base, not false of heart,\\nor face, or tongue, and with brains, as well as with eyes\\nand hands, for the working and the fighting they had to\\ndo which was done by them, our fathers never and no-\\nwhere in South Africa by the Englishmen, in clearing\\nthe wilderness of countless ferocious enemies, wild beasts,\\nand more savage tribes of nations living by plunder and\\nslaughter, along the frontiers of the Old Colony, before\\nand since the English claimed to reign over these lands,\\nwon by the Afrikanders for themselves and their future\\noffspring! I could make the reader laugh again, more\\nthan enough to his mind, or to mine, over the ignorance\\nof Boer school teachers, hired by one or perhaps by two\\nneighbor families, to be remunerated at the price, say,\\nof a couple of sheep, a quantity of meal, and a few dol-\\nlars, for instruction to be finished in two or three months,\\nbut the chief requirement being that Meester should use\\nthe rod or the strap with constant severity, to make the\\nboys and girls obedient to their elders commands. We\\nhave changed all that, you know, under the modern sys-", "height": "4260", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "94 Boer Life, Old and Young.\\ntern of public education, which the Hollanders have estab-\\nlished among us.\\nYet further improvements are needful to take the place\\nof conditions that formerly existed in this country, and\\nwhich then gave our youth a training now impossible to\\nbe practiced. When a boy, living on the wide Veld, hav-\\ning been taught, probably, by one of his father s native\\nservants, a Bushman or a Hottentot, as I was, to ride\\nand to shoot before twelve years of age when he had\\nthe luck- to kill his first springbok, to fry its liver for a\\nfeast, and, driving away the vultures, laid the carcass\\nupon his horse and brought it home in triumph and\\nwhen he was enrolled in the local company of sportsmen,\\nhorsemen and riflemen, deemed fit to serve at need in\\ndefense of their country was that no step of his educa-\\ntion? The Boer children, from infancy, could endure\\nfatigue, heat, and cold, and rain, storm, wade through\\nswamps and torrents, or climb over the rocks. But now.\\nhere in the Transvaal, the state of the whole country has\\nbeen changed. We are losing the hardy habits of that\\nfree rustic life.\\nThere are no more large farms to be got the land\\nis everywhere occupied, purchased, and settled the fron-\\ntiers, north, west, east, have been closed against our emi-\\ngrant trekkers if a Boer, though he be rich, have sev-\\neral grown-up sons, only for one of them can the farm\\nbe a livelihood; what shall the others do? What I say\\nis, let each of them be properly apprenticed to learn some\\nuseful handicraft trade, as that of a carpenter or builder,\\ncr wheelwright, a smith, or a shoemaker or tailor; and\\nif one is clever in higher studies, let him become a doctor,\\na lawyer, or a clergyman but let them endeavor to settle\\nin the rising country villages, not think of going to live\\nin a city. Are they too proud to live in a village? or to\\npractice an honest, common trade? I entreat you, Afri-", "height": "4328", "width": "2840", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "Boer Life, Old and Young.\\n95\\nkander boys and girls, of all sins which ever beset us,\\nboth myself and you and all mankind, to put down most\\nstrenuously that of false pride, which covers and fosters\\nso many other vicious practices. It is so especially in city\\nlife, all over the world. This city of Johannesburg, with\\nits foreign European habits and examples, is full of moral\\ndangers to the youth of our nation. Here strolling idle\\nand lounging about the streets, affecting to talk English\\nwith the strangers, taking bets on the races, tippling\\nbrandy and smoking cigarettes for hours at the hotel bars,\\nstaying out late at night, consorting with vile women,\\ngambling with cheats and swindlers, the Boer s son may\\nrun quickly on his road to ruin. What, then, will become\\nof the Afrikander nation? If the sons of the old Boers\\nshould be corrupted and degenerate, what will our people\\nbe, then, twenty or thirty years from now? Weak and\\nworthless, they will have lost their very name, the mem-\\nories of their ancestry, the use of their mother tongue.\\nThey will be contemned and despised, as an inferior, ser-\\nvile race, by the foreigners here, who will have supplant-\\ned them in this land that God gave to our forefathers and\\nour fathers. Oh, God help us, and save us from that", "height": "4268", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II.\\nWHO ARE THE AFRIKANDERS\\nThe Voortrekkers of 1836, our fathers, were legally\\nreckoned British subjects after 1815, although born free\\nDutch citizens. The first King William of the Nether-\\nlands, in Europe, then, without consulting the Dutch\\ncolonists in South Africa, ceded by treaty the dominion\\nof the Cape, held by Great Britain for him, as Stad-\\nholder, during the war with Napoleon and France, and\\nbelonging to the former Republic of the Dutch Nether-\\nlands United Provinces in Europe. British temporary\\ncustody, without sovereignty, dated from 1806. Our\\npeople were free Dutchmen still.\\nOur ancestors were mostly the emigrant Hollanders of\\nthe seventeenth century, w T hose good old Dutch family\\nnames of the men who had arrived during more than\\ntwenty years before 1689, are inscribed in the colonial\\narchives. A few names of that date are French, those\\nof Huguenot Protestant refugees, fiercely persecuted in\\nFrance between 1670 and 1687; an d a ew Germans from\\nthe Palatinate, driven from their home by Louis XIV.\\nThese had been kindly received in Holland they became\\nalmost Dutch people. In 1685, the directors of the Dutch\\nEast India Company resolved to allow the Huguenots,\\nwho were so inclined, to accompany their Dutch emi-\\ngrants to the Cape Colony but the first of them were\\nwith a party of 180 men and women landing on April\\n13th, 1688, in Table Bay; among their names is that\\nof Du Plessis, which is my own. There are other fam-\\nilies here of that name. Our General Joubert ^also is a", "height": "4324", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "Who Are the Afrikanders? 97\\ndescendant of a French Huguenot family. I have the list\\nof them all; the great majority of the colonists were\\nHollanders.\\nSuch are the materials of our Afrikander race we are\\ndescendants of good Hollanders and of the best French\\nwe may, perhaps, still keep in our national character the\\nstoutness and sturdiness of the former, combined with\\nthe swift and daring activity of the latter. And, though\\ncur courage be rudely and stubbornly displayed, it may\\nhave proved not unsuitable to the enterprise of subduing\\nand taming the wilderness of South Africa during two\\npast centuries; and it may yet, by God s help, preserve\\nour national integrity and independence.\\nThe scene and the situation of the earliest colonial set-\\ntlements of white men in South Africa, with the difficul-\\nties, perils and struggles which they had to encounter,\\nmade their enterprise very different from that of more re-\\ncent colonization in some other regions of the globe, such\\nas Australia, where a boundless extent of pasture land\\ncould be occupied without risk of the flocks of sheep and\\nherds of cattle, on those vast, open, grassy plains, being\\neither destroyed by carniverous wild animals, or seized bv\\npredatory tribes of wild men. In Eastern South Africa,\\nthe most savage, rapacious, restless, and destructive of\\nraces vastly outnumbered the adventurous pioneers of\\ncivilization. Geographical conditions must be taken into\\naccount, and the hostile force of native marauders.\\nBelow and around the Table Mountain, beginning as a\\nband of scanty number, our ancestors gradually multi-\\nplied, in two centuries, while they found themselves so\\nplaced, at the narrow, pointed extremity of the African\\ncontinent, that of necessity, to provide farms and homes\\nfor their sons and daughters, the Boers must ever in each\\nsucceeding generation, move up and on and forward\\nthey advanced, then, to the interior vast upland regions,", "height": "4272", "width": "2712", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "Who Are the Afrikanders?\\nstep by step, organized bands of steady pastoral immi-\\ngrants coming on in their season as inevitably as the\\nswarm of locusts hatched in the ground during summer\\narises in October with the first rain, and, turning north-\\nward, toward the sun, wings its multitudinous flight over\\nthe dry inland plains. But those insects move on to de-\\nvastate our Voortrekkers went forth to occupy for\\nEuropean settlements of productive industry and of sober,\\norderly, human family life to claim and to clear, to use\\nand guard for pasture, ultimately to settle and cultivate\\nthe land. Where else could they go, or what else could\\nthey do, being at the Cape They could not go to the\\nwest, or to the south, for there lay the ocean; they must\\ngo up into the interior of the continent, to the north and\\neast.\\nIt was an undertaking of great difficulty, labor, and\\ndanger. They and their forefathers had, for a century\\nand a half already, been struggling frequently to keep\\ntheir farms, their dwellings, their flocks and herds, from\\nbeing despoiled by hosts of savage enemies. It was by\\nthose Afrikanders, over a hundred years ago, not by the\\ntroops of the Cape Town Government, whose Kaffir wars\\nusually proved ineffective until the middle of this century,\\nthat the country of the Eastern Province was made safe\\nfor colonial settlement. Military blunders and disasters\\nlike that which destroyed half a regiment under Colonel\\nCathcart, in 1835, repeatedly proved that British army\\nofficers did not well understand Kaffir warfare. Would\\na Boer commander have been surprised by the enemy\\nas the British soldiers were at Isandlhwana?\\nIt must, however, be admitted that there is no fair com-\\nparison between the old wars of the Dutch colonial period,\\nwith native enemies, and those within the past thirty or\\nforty years; because the natives formerly had no fire-\\narms, using only their assegais, or light spears, their", "height": "4328", "width": "2888", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "Who Are the Afrikanders? 99\\nhatchets, clubs, and bows and arrows on the other hand,\\nthe ou-sannas, the clumsy blunderbuss guns then car-\\nried by the Boers/ could not be depended upon. The\\nBoers and Dutch colonists have always opposed the sale\\nof fire-arms and ammunition to any of the natives but\\nin the nineteenth century, under the English Govern-\\nment, a great smuggling trade has been carried on, for\\nthe profit of English manufacturers and merchants; and\\nupon some occasions, from 1872 to 1880, as in the case\\nof the Basutos, when they were at war with the Orange\\nRiver Boers, it has been officially permitted, causing much\\ninjury to the Afrikander communities. Thousands of\\nmuskets and rifles have thus passed into the hands of the\\nKaffir, Zulu, Matabele, and other hostile warriors, against\\nwhom both English and Dutch colonists are sometimes\\nobliged tb contend.\\nWhat I maintain is proved by colonial history, that the\\nBoers are the people who have, by their own unassisted\\nvalor, fortitude, and skill, actually performed the task of\\nclearing the interior of South Africa from aggressive,\\nformidable, roving, confederate native tribes, whose\\nplundering and slaughtering incursions would else have\\nmade the settlement of European colonists forever im-\\npossible; and that the English Government, w r ith its red-\\ncoat soldiers, could never have done it, and cannot, with-\\nout the help of us Afrikanders, do it even now. This\\nmay easily be proved by the recorded experiences of\\nKaffir warfare during more than a hundred years. To\\nthis day, indeed, no Kaffir, or Zulu, or Matabele is nearly\\nso afraid of an English soldier as he is of a Boer.\\nI could relate, without the slightest exaggeration or\\ninaccuracy, histories of many prolonged Boer campaigns,\\nincluding that of General Joubert, so lately as 1894,\\nagainst the rebel chieftain, Malapoch, capturing his\\nstronghold in the Blue Mountains, west of Zoutpansberg\\nl*tfCL", "height": "4248", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "I CO\\nWho Are the Afrikanders\\nwhere I served with the Pretoria contingent, under\\nColonel Ferreira but I will not boast only I should like\\nthis or that Boer action, with an exact description of the\\nplace, to be compared with any feat of the British military\\nforces in South Africa, whatever large regular armies\\nwere sent against Cetewayo or S \u00c2\u00a3cocoeni.\\nSome Englishmen, who, of course, must be very brave,\\ncall us those cowardly Boers. They are welcome to\\nthink so, and welcome to try it, if they like. Really\\nbrave men don t call each other cowards until they have\\ntried and proved it. We nave never called those men\\nso who fell on the heights of Amajuba, or even at Doorn-\\nkop. If we nickname the English red-necks, it is only\\na little famihar ;cke. Whatever v.e are. as G:c has mace\\nas; is owing to our birth and ancestry, and to our circum-\\nstances and our training from infancy, of which I ^can\\nsay more. Are the offspring of the Hollanders and the\\nHuguenots of the seventeenth century likely to have been\\nborn cowards? Does the history of Europe show you\\nthat? And under what circumstances, with what train-\\ning, were even we the elder generation of our people,\\nas Boers 3 sons brought up to manhood S^p\u00c2\u00a7 hi Stoathf\\nAfrica? Here I v.hil only again say, that if the genuine\\nAfrikander Boer, such a man as any one of our Voor-\\ntrekkers was, be different from one of a European nation.\\nthose past experiences of the youth of many of our men.\\nas though they were now present w T ith us at this day!\\nAccustomed to a free life, the Trek-Boer is most en-\\ntirely himself and in his element, when he can freely\\ntravel wherever he will over the plains with his ox-\\nwagon, and with his herd of cattle, taking his rifle with\\nhim for shooting, and his horse for hunting. Then he", "height": "4284", "width": "2888", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Who Are the Afrikanders? 101\\nis a happy man, and his wife, too, is a happy woman.\\nFor when the wagon halts and outspans, she alights and\\nhas a pleasant time.\\nYes, it is a pleasant hour for the wife of the traveling\\nAfrikander, when she gathers some bits of sticks for fire-\\nwood and sets her kettle boiling, while her husband goes\\noff to shoot a springbok antelope. It is not less pleasant\\nfor her, she feels, to lead her children to the nearest\\nstream of water, that they may wash the clothes. It is\\nstill more delightful for the children to run around her\\nin their play, or climb up the neighboring rocks and cliffs,\\nwhere they can get at the birds -nests. or to search for\\nwood, and to return, each boy or girl laden on the back\\nwith a bundle of fuel. At night, for the bigger boys, it\\nis a pride and pleasure to keep watch over their father s\\nsheep, or, with a rifle loaded ready, to guard the tethered\\ncattle, lest wolves or jackals should come nigh. On the\\nSunday, how calm and sweet it is in the field-tent put up\\nat the side of the wagon there sit the father and mother\\nand their children, to worship God with prayer and hymn-\\nsong, and with a reading out of the Bible\\nThen comes to this wandering family a visitor, another\\nBoer, who is trekking the same way. They show him\\nhospitality; he talks and tells them how, the night before,\\na lion carried off one of Lis heifers, and asks will this\\nfriend to-morrow go with him to find and kill the lion?\\nOf course the Boer will, but he is glad of his neighbor s\\ncompany, and says to his own wife\\nBetje, I like this place; don t you? Let ns rest here\\na few days. I ll dig out for you, in the bank of the stream\\nhere, a small fireplace and an oven, where you can bake\\nfor us a few bags of biscuit. The children run almost\\nbarefoot: I ll make for them new shoes of the hide of the\\nbuck that I have killed. Yonder, over that plain, I spy\\na troop of wild ostriches; I ll shoot two of the finest male", "height": "4264", "width": "2708", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "io2 Who Are the Afrikanders?\\nbirds. Then, with the feathers, you shall make a pair of\\nfans, or whatever you fancy. And there stands a fine\\nyoung sapling, just fit to be the post for a weaving or\\nbraiding frame. I ll cut out a lot of straps from the\\ndeer-hide, with which you can braid us new halters and\\nharness-ropes.\\nSuch was the traveling household I may call it the\\nhome for months of the year, which our fathers happily\\nused to inhabit during their long journeys across the\\nwilderness, in those experiences of the olden time which\\nformed the true Afrikander type of character that is prob-\\nably not yet wholly extinct or effete; and this is worth,\\nperhaps, the consideration of statesmen, with reference\\nto the policy of suppression or subverting independent\\nstates and nations consisting of such men!", "height": "4324", "width": "2888", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III.\\nBOER EXODUS FROM THE CAPE COLONY.\\nI have often been asked the question, Why do many of\\nthe Boers dislike the very name of England, and of the\\nEnglish, so much as they do? If the question lay in the\\nopposite direction, Why do Englishmen hate the Boers in\\nthe Transvaal, who never injured them? the only possi-\\nble answer is a very obvious one; it is because they in\\nthe Transvaal have a rich country, according to the esti-\\nmation of riches at the present day a country which\\ncontains valuable gold fields. It is true that, now, per-\\nsons of all nationalities, and persons of no nationality,\\nfrom all parts of the world, can and do help themselves\\nto the precious metal in its mines; cosmopolitan roving\\nprospectors, Jewish money-mongers, some mere adven-\\nturers, after six or seven years, dazzle London as new\\nmillionaires; but efforts are made by a powerful com-\\nbination of finance speculators, desirous of enhanced\\nprofits, to get control over the law-making and ruling\\nestablishments of the country, for the sole temporary ad-\\nvantage of the gold-mining interest. Mining leases, reg-\\nulations for the employment of Kaffir labor, import cus-\\ntoms duties, and railway freights, must be all for the\\nOutlanders to determine. It is sought to effect this ob-\\nject by stirring up British national jealousy and pride.\\nFor the Englishman is proud of his Empire s riches, and\\nof its numerous widely scattered pieces of territorial sov-\\nereignty over the remotest seas and lands of the globe.\\nIn that sense he is covetous, grudging every other nation\\nor people whatever claim of dominion they may have over", "height": "4268", "width": "2708", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "io4 Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony.\\na gold-field region or a port or possible l arket for trade;\\nand he is not very scrupulous of the rights of others,\\npreferring indeed to show a studied ignorance of their\\nhistorical and geographical grounds whereby the Colo-\\nnial Office, especially, thinks to save itself trouble, while\\nLondon newspaper editors, with a conscience yet more\\nsafe in still greater ignorance, admit the grossest misrep-\\nresentations supplied by agents of interested parties.\\nHence, during four or five years past, the renewed at-\\ntempts to overthrow the South African Republic; for\\nwhich purpose also the allies of a baffled conspiracy at\\nJohannesburg could invoke the vulgar Jmg\u00c2\u00b0 spirit of\\nmilitary vanity, to demand vengeance for the defeat of\\nMajuba Hill.\\nThis is not a very amiable attitude just now on the\\npart of England; but since the Boers dislike of English\\ngovernment must be confessed to have arisen nearly\\neighty years ago, and to have influenced three successive\\ngenerations of Dutch Afrikander folk, its causes must be\\nindicated here, in events of colonial history, from 1816\\nto 1896, and not least abundantly in the middle of the\\ncentury, enough to repel the most friendly disposition.\\nBe it then permitted to recount the main facts of ex-\\nperience of British misrule, oppression, and inveterate\\npersecution of the Boers during this long period and be\\nit observed that the memory, traditional in each private\\nfamily and in our social intercourse, from the fathers to\\nthe sons, of such cruel wrongs inflicted upon a people\\nby a foreign despotism, is far stronger in the minds of\\na simple pastoral and agricultural community, living a\\nsequestered, rustic life in the interior of South Africa,\\nknowing and caring little of the affairs of Europe or\\nAmerica, than is the remembrance or record of past errors\\nand misdeeds committed by governments among the\\nrestless city populations, with rapidly changing political", "height": "4284", "width": "2892", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony. 105\\ninstitutions and ideas, of great, highly civilized, modern\\nnations. The Boer is charged not only with bigotry and\\nobstinacy, but with an unforgiving recollection of past\\ninjuries. That is no part of his natural inheritance of\\nDutch character and I believe that in Europe, and in\\nother parts of the world, as it was at New York in the\\nseventeenth century, English and Dutch people have\\nagreed with each other very well. The wrongs still re-\\nsented by the Boers in South Africa would long since\\nhave been forgotten, if the course of unjust treatment had\\nnot been so often renewed, and with such insolent con-\\ntempt of our earnest protests official authority being far\\nmore solicitous to favor and pamper and flatter the black\\nchiefs of savage native tribes, enjoying missionary advo-\\ncacy, than to deal fairly with the oldest settlers of the\\nwhite race in the country, with Christian men as worthy\\nof respect as those of any civilized nation.\\nSlavery, which was abolished at the Cape when it ceased\\nin the British West Indies, was certainly never here at-\\ntended with any such cruel sufferings as those which\\nprevailed on the sugar plantations beyond the Atlantic.\\nDutch slave-owners at the Cape were less unwilling than\\nEnglish West Indian planters and merchants to give it\\nup, on equal terms of compensation, with effectual pro-\\ntection from the pest of vagrancy and continual robbery,\\nin which matters they were enormously wronged by the\\nBritish rulers. Under the bad old system of slavery,\\nbefore 1834, alike with English and Dutch and other\\nwhite men, who sometimes abused their power as owners\\nand masters, there were cases of excessive punishment\\nin the way of flogging. Out of a particular charge of\\nthis kind, in the neighborhood of Graaf Reinet, in 18 15,\\nat the very commencement of the British sovereignty,\\narose, through incidents unhappily following the accused\\nBoer, Frederik Bezuidenhout, being shot dead by a de-", "height": "4268", "width": "2708", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "io6 Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony.\\ntachment of soldiers, upon his refusal to surrender as their\\nprisoner an attempted local insurrection led by the\\nbrother and other kinsmen of him who had been slain.\\nThey were speedily overcome by military force, and sixty\\nwere captured, tried as rebels, six of them condemned to\\ndeath, others to ten years penal servitude on Robben\\nIsland.\\nPetitions, formally presented to the Governor, Lord\\nCharles Somerset, with signatures representing all re-\\nspectable classes and social interests, and private supplica-\\ntions for mercy, on the part of numerous friends, neigh-\\nbors, or family connections, had no effect. On March 6.\\n1816, at a place, near the above-named town, which is\\ncalled Slagter s Nek, the six Dutch farmers, under the\\ncapital sentence, were brought out to be hanged, with a\\nstrong guard of troops, in the presence of assembled hun-\\ndreds of people, and of weeping women and children.\\nThe misguided, unfortunate prisoners were all men of\\ngood previous character and position. Five of them at\\nonce were to be hanged on one gallows, while the sixth,\\nwith the rope around his neck, was to stand and see them\\ndie, and then to undergo the same fate. One of them\\nbegged permission to hear, and to join with his own voice,\\nhis friends in the crowd of bystanders, who would sing\\na chosen verse of the Psalms. In answer to this re-\\nquest, the signal to the hangman was instantly made the\\nfive men were turned off but the gallows broke down\\nunder their united weight The grieving spectators then\\nimagined it was either caused by a special act of Divine\\nProvidence, that the machinery of death should fail, or it\\nmight at least be regarded as a token that pardon, or, at\\nleast, the sparing of life, should be granted by the min-\\nisters of human law. Almost all the people, falling on\\ntheir knees, with prayer and thanksgiving, with sobs and\\ntears, awaited the sheriff s decision. In vain the wives", "height": "4284", "width": "2888", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony. 107\\nand children of those prisoners, rushing forward to lift\\nthem, lying bound hand and foot, and blindfolded, from\\nthe ground where they had fallen, were rudely driven\\nback the gibbet was quickly repaired. They were then\\nhanged one after another. That was the memorable af-\\nfair of Slagter s Nek, a lamentable beginning of govern-\\nment under the reign of King George III.\\nThe terrible impression, widely spread over the colony,\\nand deeply felt, which was caused by such an act of ex-\\ntreme severity, became in after years, through continued\\nunrelenting harshness, and from the habits and manners\\nof the British official aristocracy, showing undisguised\\naversion to the Dutch new subjects, an ineffaceable senti-\\nment of hostility. Few on either side could understand\\nthe language spoken on the other side and the interests\\nand wishes of farmers dwelling apart were totally ig-\\nnored for their rural, homely mode of living, as described\\nin our first chapter, attracted no visitors from Cape Town\\nthe English sportsman s taste for hunting and shooting\\nwild beasts had not yet been acquired.\\nThe Boer families, deliberating very cautiously and\\nslowly, as Dutchmen have ever done, looked forward to\\nan opportunity of quitting their estates, whenever it\\nshould be practicable to sell them without ruinous loss,\\nand moving off into the vacant interior regions, then\\nonly known to them from occasional reports made by\\nelephant-hifhters, though several English missionaries,\\nnot much esteemed or consulted by the Boers, had already\\ngone up that way, to attempt the conversion of some\\nnative tribes. Still, by sturdily keeping themselves to\\nthemselves, by eschewing the purchase of English manu-\\nfactured wares, and disposing of their own produce,\\ncattle, sheep, and hides, in yearly bargains with the itin-\\nerant wagon-driving trader, rather than by going to any\\nmarket town, the Boers could live, and might have thriven,", "height": "4272", "width": "2672", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "io8 Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony.\\nbut for incessant new official decrees and vexatious regu-\\nlations, often summoning them to district centres of gov-\\nernment, with long and expensive journeys, to the neglect\\nof their home and farm concerns.\\nFull twenty years were passed in private discussions,\\ncalculations, and preparations for the intended migratory\\nmovement. It was finally brought to a head, and ren-\\ndered capable of effective organized action, by a financial\\ncrisis immediately affecting their own property that was\\ncaused in 1835, by the sudden loss of more than one-third\\nof the value of Government bonds, to the nominal amount\\nof two millions sterling, payable only in London, being\\nthe proportional amount of compensation voted by Parlia-\\nment for the emancipation of slaves. Most of those\\nbonds had, by some lack of care, it seems, on the part of\\nTreasury official agents, and by the absence of trust-\\nworthy agency for the Boers, got into the hands of sharp\\nspeculative forestalling purchasers, who collected the\\nmoney, and afterward contrived to impose upon the\\nBoers an immense rate of discount. To the Boer, how-\\never, whose ownership of slaves might not be more than\\na dozen, twenty, or thirty, working on his large farm,\\nunlike the West India proprietor of hundreds on the sugar\\nplantation, this loss was not that of the main amount of\\nhis whole property. If he could dispose of his land and\\nhomestead, there was nothing to prevent his taking away\\nthe cattle, sheep, and horses, the household furniture and\\nstock of portable goods in his capacious ox-wagons, with\\nhis wife and family, his servants, hired or apprenticed,\\nand carrying all this wealth some hundreds of miles away.\\nLocal neighborly organization, in committees of the\\nelders and heads of friendly families, to form large travel-\\ning parties with mutual aid and comfort, had for months,\\nin several districts of the Old Colony, been industriously\\npreparing for such expeditions. They were not deterred", "height": "4276", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony. 109\\nby a rumor that certain official persons at Cape Town had\\npropounded a novel legal theory, to the effect that none of\\nthe King s subjects could leave his dominions, to reside\\nbeyond them, without His Majesty s permission, and that\\nany who attempted to do so would be imprisoned and\\npunished. Neither Sir Benjamin d Urban, then Gov-\\nernor, nor the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir Andries Stock-\\nenstrom, knew of any such law existing, nor would they\\nhave recommended the enactment of any such law. The\\nlegal advisers of Government held the same opinion.\\nSomething w r as done, however, by some official authority,\\nto check the intended emigration. A regulation was\\npassed, forbidding any person in the colony to have in\\npossession above five pounds weight of gunpowder, or\\nten pounds of lead for bullets, and requiring official per-\\nmits for the purchase of any quantity. This was a sly,\\nmean, and cruel device, for it was well-known that, be-\\nyond the Orange River, the Boers would be exposed to\\nall kinds of dangers from different savage tribes, from\\nlions, panthers, wolves, and other wild animals, if they\\nhad no ammunition to defend themselves with. But they\\nfound a way to evade the regulation, by the aid of their\\nfriends who were to stay behind, each of whom bought\\nwhat he could and privately handed it over to the Trek-\\nBoers, or Voortrekkers, as the first emigrant parties were\\ncalled.\\nIt was in September, 1836, that the first party of Boers\\nstarted from Albany, led by Louis Treichard, followed\\nand joined by another, under Johannes Rensburg; they\\nwent north, all the way to the Zoutpansberg, and thence\\nto the east coast at Delagoa Bay nearly three-fourths of\\ntheir number, which had been ninety-eight, perished be-\\nfore July, 1839, either being slain by savages, or dying of\\nfever; a few survived, in Natal, to be fetched home in a\\nmiserable condition. The next party, under Command-", "height": "4268", "width": "2588", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "no Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony.\\nant Andries Hendrik Potgieter, was more successful. Its\\ncourse was directed north of the Orange River, past\\nThaba Ntshu, to the banks of the Vet, where a remnant\\nof the Bataung tribe was found, with its chief. Makwana,\\nclaiming the whole country between the Vet and the Vaal,\\nas having been theirs before its recent invasion by the\\nMatabele. Makwana, however, was very ready, as the\\nprice of the Boers help to repel those ferocious enemies,\\nto cede to the white men all that country from which his\\nown people had been expelled, since the numbers of his\\ntribe were then so much reduced by the late slaughter,\\nthat they did not want all their former territory.\\nThis arrangement was, in general, an example of the\\nprinciple, not an unjust or unfair one, upon which the\\nBoers consistently proceeded in all their conquests beyond\\nthe Orange and the Vaal for the Matabele, a branch of\\nthe same horde of merely destructive organized warriors\\nas the Zulus in the eastern coast region, had absolutely no\\nright, and never held any settled beneficial occupation,\\nsouth of the Limpopo, where they had simply desolated\\nthe whole extent of large countries, slaughtering the for-\\nmer population, and making the whole of that vast in-\\nterior empty, void, and waste. The Boers came to re-\\ndress that enormous injury, to drive back the fierce man-\\nslaying, devastating troops of Matabele, and to protect, to\\npreserve, the fugitive remainder of comparatively peace-\\nable tribes, with whom they made equitable bargains for\\nsuch portions of land as they required for their own use.\\nTheir advent, in a region that lay then mainly vacant, its\\noriginal inhabitants having been utterly swept away, and\\nwhere no rights of sovereignty or lawful dominion ex-\\nisted, was a mission not only innocent, but even beneficent\\na missionary enterprise in its way, carried into execu-\\ntion, however, by other weapons than those of the Chris-\\ntian professional preachers, by means of their guns, in-", "height": "4320", "width": "2896", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony, in\\nstead of catechisms, by their skill as riflemen and horse-\\nmen, and by the white man s superior military power.\\nIt was to be expected, certainly, that the armed Boers\\nwould have to fight a terrible foe; the South African\\nAttila, the wholesale homicide of that region, at that\\nperiod, Moselikatse, the Matabele tyrant, with his drilled\\nregiments of spearmen, tens of thousands, similar to the\\nZulus of Chaka, Dingaan, and, in our time, Cetewayo.\\nWell, the first encounter took place, in 1836, a short\\ndistance on the north side of the Vaal, at a place where\\nan encampment of one of the Boers traveling parties was\\nsurprised by two powerful impis or regiments of the\\nMatabele, and several families of emigrants w r ere horribly\\nmassacred. The Boers then retired back across the Vaal,\\nto a place since called Vechtkop, and formed a laager of\\nfifty wagons, drawn up in a circle, firmly lashed together,\\nthe opening s closed with thorn-trees. One morning in\\nOctober, 1836, a division of the Matabele army, five thou-\\nsand trained and drilled soldier spearmen, attacked the\\nBoers in this laager, endeavoring to force an entrance.\\nInside, there were only forty men, all told; but luckily,\\nthey had spare guns, and the women knew how to load\\nthem. The assailants were kept off by a deadly fire, and\\nfell back but only to rush on again. The wagons were\\nlashed together too firmly to be moved. Then, finding it\\nimpossible to get to close quarters, the foremost of the\\nMatabele ceased their usual method of fighting, and\\nhurled their heavy assegais into the laager. Of these\\nweapons, 1,113 were afterward picked up. By that\\nmeans, two of the defenders were killed and twelve others\\nwounded. Still, the Boers kept up such a hot fire that,\\nin half an hour, the Matabele turned to retreat. Having\\ncollected all the horned cattle belonging to the emigrants,\\n4,600 head, more than 50,000 sheep and goats, and a hun-\\ndred horses, they drove these off. Only the horses which", "height": "4280", "width": "2624", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "ii2 Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony.\\nthe Boers rode were left within the laager. Potgieter,\\nwith his little band, followed the enemy until sunset, and\\nshot many, but could not recover any of the cattle.\\nThe families of the farmers were left in great distress\\nfor want of food. Relief was sent to them by the Wes-\\nleyan missionary at Thaba Ntshu, or, through his influ-\\nence, by the Chief Moroko; they were all brought back\\nsafely to that place. About this time had just arrived at\\nThaba Xtshu, some of the third party of emigrants from\\nGraaf Reinet, under the leadership of Gerrit Maritz. On\\nDecember 2, 1836., a general assembly of the emigrants\\nresolved on electing a Yolksraad, of seven members,\\nGerrit Maritz, Andries Hendrik, Potgieter, J. G. Bronk-\\nhorst, Christian Liebenberg, P. Greyling, Daniel Kruger,\\nand J. Van Yuuren, to form their Government, with su-\\npreme legislative and judicial powers.\\nIn January, 1837, Commanders Potgieter and Maritz,\\nwith a force composed of 107 mounted farmers, forty\\nGriquas, and five or six Korannas, on horseback, and sixty\\nnatives on foot, guided by a Barolong chief, Matlabe, who\\nhad been in the Matabele army, set forth to clear the Yaal,\\nmarching through a country so desolate that there was\\nnot one human being to see them and to inform the enemy\\nof their approach. The Matabele military camp at Mos-\\nega was surprised on January 17, in the absence of the\\ncommanding Induna, who was at Kapayin. fifty miles\\naway. Ten thousand dark-skinned soldiers, roused by\\nthe alarm in the separate kraals where they lay, grasping\\ntheir spears and shields, rushed out to combat volleys of\\nleaden slugs poured upon them from the Boers long ele-\\nphant guns, soon compelled them to fly, leaving about 400\\nkilled. After setting fire to the huts of fifteen kraals, the\\nMatabele soldiers barracks, Potgieter s commando, of\\nwhich no person, European or native, had even been\\nwounded, returned southward, taking booty of six or seven", "height": "4284", "width": "2864", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony. 113\\nthousand cattle, as well as the wagons that had belonged\\nto the murdered Boer parties, and releasing three Ameri-\\ncan missionaries, the Rev. Dr. Wilson, and Messrs. Lind-\\nley and Venables, whom he found living among the Mata-\\nbele. He re-crossed the Vaal, and founded a new settle-\\nment in the Orange territory, on the Vet River, giving it\\nthe name of Winburg, to commemorate this victory won\\nin the Transvaal.\\nThe finishing expedition across th\u00e2\u0082\u00ac Vaal took place in\\nthe same year, with two divisions, respectively led by\\nPotgieter and Piet Uys, mustering together 135 Boers or\\nemigrant farmers, accompanied by a few native herdsmen.\\nIn November, 1837, they found Moselikatse on the Mar-\\nikwa, about fifty miles north of Mosega, with the remain-\\nder of the Matabele army. They immediately attacked\\nhim, and in a campaign of nine days inflicted upon him\\nsuch punishment and loss of military force, that he fled\\naway beyond the Limpopo, to the far north, and never\\nagain returned into the country which he had laid waste.\\nThe fighting, or rather chasing of the Matabele from the\\nTransvaal, extended over a wide space, traversed so\\nhastily by many different bands of the far-spread pursu-\\ning force, that no detailed account of it could ever be\\nprocured. There were various estimates of the numbers\\nof the Matabele warriors killed. South Africa had a\\ngood riddance of them. It is believed that not one of the\\nBoers lost his life in the campaign.\\nAfter the final defeat of Moselikatse in November, 1837,\\nCommandant Potgieter proclaimed the whole of the ter-\\nritory south of the Limpopo, which the Matabele chief\\nhad overrun, devasted, and abandoned, to be forfeited to\\nthe emigrants. This included the greater part of the\\npresent Transvaal or South African Republic, with fully\\nhalf of the present Orange Free State and Southern Be-\\nchuanaland, to the Kalahari Desert westward, except the", "height": "4268", "width": "2580", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "114 Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony.\\ndistrict occupied by the Batlapin an immense region,\\nthen almost uninhabited, which must have remained deso-\\nlate if the Matabele had not been driven out by the Boers.\\nBy right of conquest, and of the earliest resident occu-\\npation and settlement, and in the absence of a sufficient oc-\\ncupying native population, those territories, which neither\\nthe British nor any other European sovereignty had ever\\ndreamt of annexing, became the lawful possession of the\\nBoer communities. The political independence of the\\nBoer communities, fifteen and seventeen years later, ob-\\ntained distinct official recognition.\\nOn January 16, 1852, at the Conference on Sand\\nRiver, between the British Assistant-Commissioners for\\nSouth Africa, Major Hogg and Mr. C. M. Owen, on the\\none side, and a deputation of the Boers, on the other\\nside, headed by their Commandant-General, A. W. _J.\\nPretorius, the convention was made whereby Her Maj-\\nesty Queen Victoria guaranteed, in the fullest manner,\\nto the emigrant farmers north of the Vaal River, the\\nright to manage their own affairs, and to govern them-\\nselves according to their own laws, without any inter-\\nference on the part of the British Government.\\nAnd on February 23, 1854, a convention was signed\\nat Bloemfontein, by which the independent self-govern-\\nment of the Orange Free State was equally recognized\\nand guaranteed by Her Majesty the Queen; the title of\\nThe Orange River Sovereignty, proclaimed in 1848 by\\nSir Harry Smith, was formally renounced and abolished\\nand the British flag was removed. Already, in years\\nbefore, the Secretary of State, Earl Grey, had formally\\ninstructed the Cape Government not to inferfere with the\\naffairs either of white men or of native tribes beyond the\\nOrange River.\\nTwo separate Boer republics, legally constituted, have\\nsince then been recognized as existing in Eastern South", "height": "4320", "width": "2856", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony. 115\\nAfrica. It is true that in the more extensive, and for\\nsome years scantily settled, Transvaal region, some time\\npassed before several district communities, which had\\nformed small local republics, were finally united under\\nthe Government at Pretoria but there was no pretension\\nof British supremacy, during nearly a quarter of a cen-\\ntury, over either of those two Free States.\\nIn 1877, when Lord Carnarvon, the Colonial Minister\\nin England, had a fancy to create, in imitation of the\\nDominion of Canada, an Imperial British Confederation\\nof South Africa under the Queen s reign, it appeared\\nneedful to that project that the free republics should\\nbecome British provinces. A commission was secretly\\ngiven, in October, 1876, to one Sir Theophilus Shep-\\nstone, a Xatal Government agent living with the Zulus,\\na skillful interpreter of Kaffir and other native languages,\\nwho was supposed to be alone able to manage the for-\\nmidable King Cetewayo. Shepstone s character, singu-\\nlarly unlike that of Englishmen in general, though of a\\ntype frequently met with in Asiatic and in African poli-\\ntics, is described by Sir Bartle Frere, in a letter to be\\nread on page 304, vol. II., of the biography of that emi-\\nnent statesman, published in 1895. How Shepstone con-\\ntrived, in April. 1877. by taking advantage of temporary\\nfinancial difficulties of President Burgers administration\\nat Pretoria, and of a want of ammunition to finish the\\nwar with Secocoeni a want that could easily have been\\nsupplied by loan from a friendly British neighbor Gov-\\nernment and by a vague threat of his letting loose the\\nZulu army to devastate the Transvaal a pretext for de-\\nclaring the overthrow of the existing republic, despite\\nthe protests of its President and its Volksraad, every-\\nbody has long known.\\nDuring nearly four years, the Boers, under the arbi-\\ntrary rule of Colonel Sir Owen Lanyon, and denied every", "height": "4260", "width": "2672", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "n6 Boer Exodus from the Cape Colony.\\nvestige of the political liberties solemnly promised, con-\\nstantly and openly renewed, at stated times yearly, their\\ndemand that the Republican Government, of which Presi-\\ndent Kruger was elected head, should be restored to\\nthem. Memorials, petitions, addresses of complaint and\\nremonstrance, signed by nearly all the adult male Afri-\\nkanders in that country who could write immense camp\\nmeetings, at one of which, in 1879, the High Commis-\\nsioner. Sir Bartle Frere. was present two special depu-\\ntations to England, the first in 1877, consisting of Mr.\\nKruger and Dr. Jorissen: the second, in 1878. of Mr.\\nKruger and General Joubert were treated wi;h official\\nscorn.\\nMeantime, the refusal of many Boers to pay direct\\ntaxes to the British Government caused increasing diffi-\\nculty of the administration under Sir Owen Lanyon, and.\\nfinallv, in November. 1880. there broke out an armed re-\\nvolt a brief war. chiefly at Laing s Nek on the road over\\nthe frontier from Natal into the Transvaal, with morti-\\nfying British military failures peace negotiations in\\nMarch. 1881 a formal recognition of the independence\\nof the Republic ensued in August of that year, again\\nconfirmed by the existing convention of 1884, now T per-\\nfectly valid.\\nThe Minister who settled that convention in 1884 was\\nthe late Earl of Derby, then Secretary of State for the\\nColonies in a Government of which Mr. Chamberlain was\\na member. Lord Derby purposely and deliberately omit-\\nted, in that convention, the unmeaning term, suzerainty,\\nwhich occurred in the preceding convention of 1881. His\\nLordship, in an official communication to Mr. Leyds,\\ndiplomatic agent of the Transvaal Government, wrote as\\nfollows\\nBy the omission of those articles of the convention of\\nPretoria which assigned to Her Majesty and to the", "height": "4320", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "Boer Exodus from ttie Cape Colony. 117\\nBritish Resident certain specific powers and functions\\nconnected with the internal government and the foreign\\nrelations of the Transvaal State, your Government will\\nbe left free to govern the country without interference,\\nand to conduct its diplomatic intercourse and shape its\\nforeign policy, subject only to the requirement embodied\\nin the fourth article of the new draft, that any treaty\\nwith a foreign state shall not have effect without the\\napproval of the Queen.\\nExcept with regard to this particular stipulation, which\\nPresident Kruger s Government has never sought to in-\\nfringe, the South African Republic is lawfully and right-\\nfully as free, among the independent nations and sov-\\nereign states of the world, as the Federal Republic of\\nSwitzerland in Europe. Apart from the specific engage-\\nment here cited, British paramount supremacy over\\nler of the two Dutch Afrikander republics has no\\nother meaning than the possession of superior military\\npower.", "height": "4212", "width": "2624", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV.\\nAN ENGLISHMAN S NOTION OF THE BOERS.\\nHatred between nations or between two parties of\\none nation would not exist without an originating\\ncause. Mankind are like unto each other, so far as that\\nthey live together on the same earth, and enjoy together\\nall natural rights. Why, then, must it be that malice or\\ndiscord should arise in the hearts of the Boer and the\\nEnglishman, the one against the other, where the width\\nof a continent affords room for several communities of\\npeople to live .and to thrive, side by side? There are\\nbut two large rivers, the Orange and the Vaal, whose\\ncourse, as well as the mountain ranges and the high level\\nof the Veld, might seem to indicate lines of separation;\\nbut such natural features of the land could not be the\\ncause of nations being hostile to each other. It may be\\nthat the repugnance, if it does exist, is one rather of\\nclass than of race but if it came from differences in our\\nhabits of life, it would have been confined to those per-\\nsons on each sicle who are in close contact with, and\\nconstantly meeting, the people on the other side whereas\\nit appears that the English who most loudly denounce\\nus are those least acquainted with us indeed, the Boer\\nwith due self-respect does not much court their acquaint-\\nance. At any rate, his way of living at home with his\\nown family would seem to be his own private affair, and\\nhe is not obliged to consult foreigners with a view to\\nsocial and domestic improvements, nor is it at Johannes-\\nburg that he would seek the most approved instruction\\nand pattern.", "height": "4240", "width": "2864", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "An Englishman s Notion of the Boers. 119\\nIn exposing but a small portion of the actual wrongful\\nEnglish doings for so long a period of time, which go to\\naccount for whatever animosity may exist in Afrikander\\nminds toward English, the positive cause has been found\\nto have been the conduct of English Government officials,\\nwhether Colonial or Imperial, upon occasions, and in\\npublic transactions, whereby great injury was done to the\\nindependent Afrikander communities. Only part, and\\nnot the worst part, of those unjust proceedings is men-\\ntioned in this book, dealing with the facts which relate\\nto our acquisition of the Transvaal, and our right to hold\\nit as freemen. The history of British usurpation of what\\nthe Boers had fairly gained in the Natal territory, and\\nin the Orange River territory, by their arrangements, in\\nexchange for substantial services performed by them,\\nwith the existing native rulers, and with due regard to\\nthe interest of the weaker or broken tribes, is a study\\nnot very creditable to English statesmen.\\nYou will find that the party of Boers led by Piet Retief\\nwhen they had acquired, by their contract with Dingaan,\\nterritory on the Natal side of the Drakensburg, indus-\\ntriously set to work upon it, cleared and tilled their lands,\\nmade that country habitable for white men, and built\\ntheir town of Pietermaritzburg, named after their two\\nleading men. They elected a Volksraad, which began\\nto pass laws for their government. Great Britain at that\\ntime, -in 1838, had no mor* sovereignty than Portugal\\neven on the sea-coast of Natal. But the English Govern-\\nment at the Cape determined to take away from the Boers\\nthat country which they had fairly earned and had pre-\\npared for the settlement of Afrikander farmers. A ves-\\nsel of war and detachments of soldiers were sent to seize\\nupon Natal the first pretext for quarrel with the Boers\\nthere, was their refusal to obey an order that they should\\ngive up their arms and ammunition, with which they", "height": "4268", "width": "2652", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "ISO An Englishman s Notion of the Boers.\\nhad just defeated the Zulus. They were forced to yield,\\nafter some fighting, and in 1842 Natal was annexed to\\nthe British dominions. Most of the Boers, quitting their\\nlands in Natal, passed northward into the Transvaal, and\\nsettled along the Mooi River, where, in 1849, the town\\nof Potchefstroom was founded, again combining syllables\\nof the names of their best men.\\nYou will also find that, in 1848, after another part of\\nthe Boer emigrants, between the Orange and the Vaal,\\nhad purchased of the Korannas and other native tribes,\\nby honest barter bargains, what lands they wanted on the\\nVet, Modder, and Riet, and as far to the southwest as\\nnear Fauresmith, for their own settlements, the Cape\\nTown Governor, Sir Harry Smith, issued a proclamation\\ndeclaring all the country north of the Orange to the\\nVaal, and to the Drakensburg, to be Her Majesty s do-\\nminion of, what he styled, The Orange River Sover-\\neignty/ Taking possession of the towns of Bloemfon-\\ntein and Winburg, a British resident, Major Warden,\\nbegan to domineer over the Boers; these asked help of\\nAndries Pretorius, Commandant-General in the Trans-\\nvaal. He came with an armed force to Winburg, and\\ndrove the English officers away. Then Sir Harry Smith,\\ncollecting a mixed army of regular redcoat soldiers, the\\nCape Mounted Rifles, drilled Hottentots, Griquas, Fin-\\ngoes, and mongrel natives, encountered Pretorius and the\\nBoers in the battle of Boomplaats. It was a stiff and\\nobstinate fight, in which the Boers were defeated, partly\\non account of their ammunition failing. The British\\nsovereignty beyond the Orange River, after six years,\\nwas voluntarily withdrawn. But, in 1870, ten years\\nlater, the diamond-fields district was stolen from the\\nOrange Free State. The British Government would not\\ngive it back. Compensation in money, the sum of \u00c2\u00a390,-\\n000, was eventually paid.", "height": "4284", "width": "2856", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "An Englishman s Notion of tlie Boers. 121\\nI am well aware that there are many, very many, Eng-\\nlish as good, as honest, as true-hearted as men of any\\nnation. I know, by experience, that if you have done a\\ngood turn for an Englishman he will never forget it he\\nwill be always seeking and trying to requite your benefit.\\nWhen once you have made an Englishman your friend,\\nrely upon him as a faithful comrade Even in London,\\nI am well aware, there are English gentlemen who de-\\ntest and speak against the conduct of the prevailing Eng-\\nlish interest here, with regard to the rights of the Afri-\\nkanders. That was shown in the House of Commons,\\nin the debate upon the question whether Rhodes ought\\nto be punished; more than seventy I think seventy-\\nseven out of four hundred members, voted for the cen-\\nsure of him. Honor to the men of that minority What\\na pity it is, now r that the majority of Englishmen are not\\nof such a disposition, and in politics the men who think\\nand know better wall vote with the majority against their\\nown principles, and in despite of truth\\nHere, my readers, in this Golden City of Johannesburg,\\nlives a good old gentleman, an Englishman, who is my\\nown particular old friend. The other day, when I had\\nreckoned up and written down, and shown to him a list\\nof fifteen notorious bad instances, recorded in our Afri-\\nkander history, of the shameful behavior of the English\\nu red-necks to us and our fathers, the reading of it over,\\nas you may well suppose, put him a little out of temper.\\nThen he said, in our Boer language, which he can talk\\nwell enough: Ah, yes! but only just now, for once, let\\nme tell you wdiat have been the faults of your people.\\nGood! said I; come on with it then, but mind that\\nyou speak the truth\\nHe promised that he would. But first he would make\\nme promise not to tell anybody his name if I was going\\nto repeat anything of what he w r as going to say.", "height": "4280", "width": "2688", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "122 An Englishman s Notion of the Boers.\\nWell, I gave him that promise. Then he began, as if\\nHe had been in England, with his, Look here!\\nNo, no! I cried out; not a word of English! That\\nwon t do for me. You know I don t like it.\\nWell, kijk hier! says he, which I know is all the\\nsame; and then he goes on, talking as we Boers do, not\\nprecisely as the Hollanders who come here do.\\nSixty years ago, my Englishman says, jullie oude\\nYoortrekkers, your old emigrating Boer leaders, moved\\noff out of our colony. And what was it you went about\\nfor to do? And how did you go about for to do it? I\\nask you as a man, now, in what sort of a way? Why,\\nsir, you ran like a v pack of rogues. Never once even\\nthanked Her Majesty s or, no, it was His Majesty s\\nthen Government, you didn t, for all the gracious bene-\\nfits, and all that sort of thing, you had enjoyed under\\ntheir glorious reign. Do you call yourselves a civilized\\npeople They made off, those old Boers, with their\\nwagons and their spans of oxen, and they had got their\\nou-sannas/ their old flint-lock, long guns, and smuggled\\npowder and lead, with which they went up, over the\\nOrange River, and swept the whole of that land clean.\\nA very fine country, and they got it all for nothing And\\nthat happened just at the very time when our Kingdom\\nof Great Britain was just almost getting ready for us to\\ngo up and take possession of that very identical land-\\njust when we were all busy with teaching our young\\nEnglishmen to learn how to ride a horse that wasn t\\nbroken in, if they ever do, and how to shoot with a rifle\\nat something alive and running half a mile away. And\\nit was just then your Yoortrekkers chose to go across\\nthe Orange and* the Yaal Rivers and over the mountains,\\nand take away all that chance from most of us English-\\nmen\\nWhy did you not consider, you Boers, that English", "height": "4324", "width": "2856", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "An Englishman s Notion of the Boers. 123\\nyoung gentlemen, of good families at home in England,\\nare perhaps nearly twenty years of age before they are\\ntaught to ride and to shoot in the way your sons do?\\nThey have so many other things to learn, cricket and\\nfootball and Latin at school, and lawn-tennis at home,\\nand at the university, rowing and Greek. Your little\\nboys run barefoot; they can sit a horse when they are\\nlive years old a boy in his tenth year can shoot as straight\\nas a grown-up man. It is not fair play between us and\\nyou. When I remember how the Boers went all over\\nSouth Africa, and killed nearly all the large animals, so\\nmany years ago, leaving almost nothing of such game for\\nEnglish sportsmen now, I feel it is an injury enough to\\nmake the best-tempered man angry, if any nation in the\\nworld ever suffered wrongs from any other nation.\\nAnd then, besides that, over and above, how you have\\noutwitted us in our South African politics for many a\\nlong year past! There was your old General Pretorius,\\nin 1852, at Sand River, got two of our clever men, Major\\nHogg and Owen, to sign a convention, to set up a Free\\nTransvaal Republic, at w r hich the English nation is still\\nangry to this day.\\nSo, in one way and another, you Afrikanders have\\nbeen getting the better of us, and getting hold of all the\\nbest chances before us, catching up the most desirable\\nterritories, by Jove, under our very noses. And you had\\nthe impudence to stand up at Boomplaats, and shoot at\\nour noble, brave, fine British soldiers, and to kil 1 some\\nof them. Your Voortrekkers, a gang of runaway Boers\\nout of our colony, were the men who did that. Isn t\\nit enough to make an Englishman s blood boil in every\\nvein of his body?\\nAnd now, further, in these days, what do we see of\\nyour people setting themselves up to practice all sorts of\\nbusiness that in former days no Afrikander would ever", "height": "4276", "width": "2688", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "124 n Englishman s Notion of the Boers.\\nhave pretended any right to do It makes us indignant,\\nsir, when some Afrikanders, who have never had a\\nlearned education, call themselves even doctors, and seem\\nto be just as clever as our doctors who have studied in\\nEurope. And their sons and daughters, too, are now-\\ntaking up various trades and arts and skilled industries,\\nto practice in the towns here, working just as well as our\\npeople. Only look at your young women, they were\\nnever taught proper dressmaking and millinery. Our\\nEnglish young ladies have to be apprenticed five years\\nbefore they can make a dress. But Afrikander girls do\\nit, and others are confectioners, or keep bakers shops,\\nwhile their brothers are in business as milkmen or butter\\nmerchants or, in the country, they get a piece of land\\nand cultivate tobacco. The Boers of the old times used\\nto know their proper position, and never meddled with\\nthose trades or industries.. Xow the Boers in the coun-\\ntry are so stuck up that if any laboring men of our\\npeople go out to seek work on their farms, and find em-\\nployment, they must eat in the kombuis, the kitchen, and\\nmust sleep in the wagon shed. And the Boers nickname\\nthem Red-necks, or Reddies, or Old Jacks, or Bundle-\\nmen/ and the like genteel, respectful names; even your\\nchildren call them so. Must not we English hate you\\nfor that?\\nAnd it provokes us still more that you Boers are a\\npeople who never had any proper teaching in your youth,\\nbut, in some respects, you are cleverer than we are.\\nLook now at old Uncle Paul Kruger, and be blowed to\\nhim! a man who can but just read and write! He has\\nto deal with our cleverest men Chamberlain, Sprigg\\nand Rhodes and the fact is, he can twirl them round\\nhis thumb. And the Hollanders and others say that old\\nKruger is the ablest of living statesmen How do you\\ncome to stand so high in the world? What right have", "height": "4320", "width": "2852", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "An Englishman s Notion of the Boers. 125\\nyou to set up a mint to coin money in the Transvaal of\\nyour own gold, and to stamp it with old Kruger s head\\nupon the sovereigns? Isn t that contrary to the lav;?\\nAnd your gold coinage is of higher value in exchange\\nthan the English pounds sterling, though it is really of\\nthe same metal and weight. Isn t that an affront that\\nought to be punished?\\nAnd what did you do at Majuba Hill? Look there!\\nSir George Colley was on the road from Natal; what\\nright had Joubert to stand in his way, and to stop our\\nbrave soldiers on their march, and to slaughter them\\nThe public high-road is free for everybody to pass, and\\nthere our men were shot down by hundreds, by fellows\\nlike you Boers! Why, now I think of it, Du Plessis, I\\nbelieve you were one of them\u00e2\u0080\u0094 you were there yourself!\\nOh, yes, certainly; I was there!\\nAye, so I thought and you took part in it when\\nJoubert so unmercifully drove our Highlanders off the\\ntop of the Spitzkop, After that, our leading and ruling\\nmen thought of another plan for dealing with the Trans-\\nvaal. Sir Evelyn Wood, or some one, got the idea that\\nif they gave the country, for a time, back to those stupid\\nBoers, and let them try again to govern it by themselves,\\nif they made old Paul Kruger President, he would soon\\nget all its affairs into such a mess and muddle that the\\nBoers would be only too glad to ask the British Govern-\\nment to take charge of the Transvaal again. But how\\nwe have been deceived and disappointed! Now seven-\\nteen years have gone by, and there sits President Kruger\\nstill, with his Government, as firm as a rock, in this year\\n1898. At last, over two years ago, the English and other\\nOutlanders here, along with Cecil Rhodes and some great\\nmen in London, laid a plan to amend this state of things.\\nWhat was the end of it Your murdering Boers go out\\nand fall upon Jameson, at Doornkop, when he and his", "height": "4276", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "126 An Englishman s Notion of the Boers.\\nmen were fatigued by their journey, fight them and take\\nthem all prisoners, and put them in jail The Boers took\\naway from them all their property guns, wagons, don-\\nkeys, ammunition, everything they carried. Then, to\\nspite us more, and to disgrace us, old Kruger lays hold\\nof our foremost men in this town of Johannesburg, the\\nrichest and the most respected, claps them in prison at\\nPretoria, puts them on trial as criminals, and several of\\nthem are sentenced to death. When we think of all that,\\nwhich was unlawfully done, is it any wonder that the\\nhearts of Englishmen crave ample vengeance We feel\\nsometimes as if we would shatter your Boer Government\\nwith a blast of dynamite! Our indignation is just.\\nMeanwhile, don t you see how it still goes on here?\\nThe Dutchmen come here from Holland, and the Ger-\\nmans come here, and other nations, people who are con-\\ntent to live here under your four-color republican flag;\\nbut we Englishmen, sir, are not content for we say that\\nyou Boers, all of you, ought to this day to be under\\nHer Majesty s flag, because, without ever thanking the\\nBritish Government, and without a passport to quit its\\ndominion, you were never free to go, but you chose to\\nrun away. And so, and now, I ask you as a man now,\\nbetween our two selves, I ask you, old fellow is it not\\nright for us to hate your nation\\nWell, reader, you see that I let my old friend the Eng-\\nlishman say in full all that he had to say about it. I\\nlistened patiently all the while he said it. After that, I\\nhad to give him my answer.\\nI have heard what you have to say, my friend, and I\\nmust admit that the facts are mainly true, but I never\\nbefore considered that they were fair grounds for the\\nhatred which Englishmen feel toward us. One remark\\nyou have made, perhaps from your bad memory of things\\nwhich are disagreeable to you, is what might be set down", "height": "4284", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "An Englishman s Notion of the Boers. 137\\na great falsehood; if any other man was to say it, I\\nshould call it a lie to assert that our Voortrekkers,\\nand the Boers to this day, have never thanked the\\nBritish Government for its treatment of us. I say\\nthat we Boers have six times come out. and thanked\\nthe British Government! You will understand how and\\nwhen, for Til tell you where they did it The first time\\nwas in 1848, at Boomplaats the second time, almost\\nthirty-three years later, was at Bronkhorstspruit the\\nthird time, you know, was at Laing s Nek; the fourth\\nat Schuinshoogte you have recollected the fifth, at Ma-\\njuba Hill; and the sixth, at Doornkop, not very long ago!\\nAs for the wrongs and offenses you say were done to\\nEngland, by us, or by our fathers, did you never hear\\nthe fable of the wolf and the lamb?\\nThe lamb, you see, was quietly drinking at the stream,\\nwhen the wolf came to drink of it, a little higher up,\\nWhat do you mean by it, you nasty little beast? says\\nthe wolf you are puddling all my water, stirring up the\\nmud, fouling the stream while I drink/ Sir/ the lamb\\nanswers him, how can that be? Surely this water is\\nrunning down to me from you/ Ah, hum, ha the wolf\\nbegins again it was something else that I had to say to\\nyou. I haven t forgotten what happened yesterday, when.\\nI was hunted by those dogs there was your father, show-\\ning the dogs where I lay hidden/ The lamb, in great\\nsurprise at this accusation, says, It must be a mistake,\\nsir: for my father was killed by the butcher a twelve-\\nmonth ago/ Well/ says the wolf, if it wasn t your\\nfather who did it, then it was your mother, which is all\\nthe same/ My mother! cries the innocent lamb; I\\nbelieve that she died on the day after I was born/ I\\ndon t care/ the wolf says in conclusion, which of you\\nit was that did me wrong, for I know that all your family\\nhave always hated me; so now I am going to eat you", "height": "4272", "width": "2688", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "128 An Englishman s Notion of the Boers.\\nup! Which the wolf proceeded to do; just like Great\\nBritain s way of dealing with the Afrikanders!\\nSorry am I to regard the English nation, in its political\\nand official actions toward my own people, and in the\\nconduct of many of its representatives in South Africa,\\nas our ancient, inveterate enemy, arrogant, covetous, un-\\nscrupulous, aye, shameless and insolent, in practices of\\niniquity to our hurt and damage. We have done no\\nwrong to that old enemy, but here he is again. Because\\nit turns out, of late years, that this country north of the\\nVaal, which has been ours for half a century, includes\\nrich gold fields, he will not allow our Republic to stand\\nany longer. We English, he says to himself, are a\\nproud and powerful imperial nation, and we like to feel\\nthat our empire contains more wealth than any other\\ndominion in the world. We will not be troubled or hin-\\ndered by any moral scruples let us annex that rich coun-\\ntry, for there is no power in South Africa to prevent\\nus. By hook or by crook, we must become its masters, its\\nlords and proprietors; we must have the Transvaal for\\nour own.\\nOf the hook and the crook, in different past and pres-\\nent devices to bring our country under foreign dominion,\\nthere is yet more to be related, and I fear that some more\\nwill yet be soon attempted we must still be on our guard,\\nagainst it. I would not, however,, speak unjustly of that\\nnation, which has vexed us so often and so long. There\\nare in England, no doubt, many good and upright Eng-\\nlishmen and here, too, there are some, but these are a\\nminority, so far, of my English acquaintance here. I\\ndo know a few of them who agree well with the Boers\\nand some, even, who take the Afrikanders cause to heart\\nsome even who cherish, with true republican sympathy,\\nthe best wishes for the liberty and prosperity of our\\nState, and who might, if the law of our State permitted", "height": "4284", "width": "2856", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "An Englishman s Notion of the Boers. 129\\nit, be worthily elected members of the First Volksraad.\\nBut the minority of such good and true men cannot with-\\nstand the wrongful designs of the majority, or of the\\nmost powerful moneyed men among the Outlanders, in\\nleague with Rhodes and his associates elsewhere, whose\\navarice and ambition seek their further aggrandisement\\nfrom the ruin of our Free Commonwealth here in the\\nTransvaal.", "height": "4220", "width": "2688", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V.\\nTHE TRANSVAAL GOLD FIELDS.\\nSo early as the year 1877, and yet earlier, gold had\\nbeen found in the territory of our Republic, but not\\nenough to be worth the cost and trouble of extracting\\nor collecting it. At the date of the pretended annexation\\nto the British dominion, April 12, in that year men\\nwere already busy on the Lydenburg gold fields to gather\\nthe alluvial ore. The late President Burgers had caused\\na thousand pounds weight of it to be coined into money\\nstamped with fiis own portrait. But the gold fields could\\nnot then yet be said to be a paying concern. It was\\ndead, unprofitable business at that time.\\nA wonderful change took place here after our War of\\nFreedom in 1881. The gold fields industry revived,\\nslowly at first, but in 1884 those of Barberton were\\ndiscovered with better success. On the mountain since\\ncalled the high Duivel s-Kantoor-Berg the Devil s Of-\\nfice Mountain more especially, alluvial deposits of gold\\nwere abundant. The Barberton quartz reefs were found\\nto be auriferous about the same time. Before long differ-\\nent companies began to bring in crushing batteries on\\nwagons drawn by teams of oxen, traveling on roads\\nworse than a baboon path in the forest. They had to\\nencounter great obstacles, and the machinery which ar-\\nrived was of the most wretched description, and in the\\nmost impaired condition. Nevertheless, Barberton soon\\ngot ahead in this business; laws and regulations for the\\nworking of the gold fields were decreed or enacted by\\nthe South African Republic. Next year came more\\nastonishing changes.", "height": "4316", "width": "2864", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "DR. LEYDS.", "height": "4272", "width": "2736", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4284", "width": "2856", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "The Transvaal Gold Fields. 131\\nThe gold fever infected many of our burghers. Four\\nof them, named De Villiers, Du Plessis, and two brothers\\nStruben, in 1885, found a small patch of gold in the Wit-\\nwater s Rand. Those gentlemen began and continued to\\nwork that place, until they at length discovered the min-\\ning reef, at present well known, close to the site upon\\nwhich Johannesburg has since been built. The primitive\\nbanket or cake reef was seen there with portions of\\nit sticking up above the surface of the ground. Eagerly\\nand confidently they inferred that those ugly rocks, those\\nVraatjesklippen, as our people had called them in de-\\nrision, were full of gold. The rumor spread like a blaz-\\ning fire which proceeds from a kindled spark. There\\nwas an amazing rush to the Rand in 1886; when digging\\nwas proved to pay the field of operations quickly ex-\\ntended to where Boksburg and Krugersdorp are now\\nsituated.\\nAt the beginning, on the Rand, the working camp near\\nthe auriferous reef above mentioned, consisting of a few\\nstraw or reed huts, was called Ferreira s. Afterward\\nthe Government, by order, created a new village town-\\nship, high up, which received the name of Johannesburg.\\nSomewhat later were formed the townships of Boksburg,\\nKrugersdorp, Florida, and Maraisburg, all along the\\nRand.", "height": "4240", "width": "2716", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI.\\nJOHANNESBURG AND PRETORIA,\\nThe foundation of Johannesburg has been noted. In-\\ncredibly rapid was the progress of this and other towns\\non the Rand in 1887. European speculators and in-\\nventors, with plenty of money or credit, arrived at the\\ngold fields capital. The costliest machinery was im-\\nported, while j yet it could reach Johannesburg only by\\nox-wagon carriage. Business, industry, and trade were\\nspeedily developed in the next two or three years. It\\nwas marvelous to behold, in 1890, how the town had\\ngrown up, with grand buildings, well laid out streets,\\nand agreeable avenues of trees, which seemed to flourish\\nin the air of the Rand. The exchequer of the State\\nwas filled with money from the taxes and mining rents,\\nThe Republic established its own mint. Railways began\\nto be constructed telegraph wires stretched to right and\\nleft along the city over both Johannesburg and Pretoria,\\nthe lines of telephonic communication were like cobwebs\\nsuspended aloft. Till 1895 these visible signs of activity\\nand material improvement went on increasing. More fine\\nbuildings were, erected, five stories high, costing thou-\\nsands of pounds; the streets were rendered more com-\\nmodious. The value of imported machinery was enor-\\nmously augmented. The railway from Cape Town, by\\nKimberley, to Pretoria, was extended to the Golden City,\\nabout forty miles, and was connected with the Natal rail-\\nway the stations also were much improved.\\nThe market at Johannesburg is a wonderful sight, in\\na city but ten or twelve years old. Our respected chief", "height": "4320", "width": "2840", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "Johannesburg and Pretoria. 133\\nmarket superintendent, the Herr Smuts, with six sub-\\nordinate masters, deals fairly with the Boers and the\\ntownsfolk thousands of pounds daily pass through their\\nhands from early morning to eleven o clock about two\\nhundred wagons come into the market-place. All South\\nAfrica seems to have dealings there. A hundred horses\\nare daily bought and sold. Cars, wagons, beasts are\\ncontinually passing. People jostle each other walking\\non the side pavements. Bicycles flit along the street. A\\ntramcar line traverses the whole city. Numbers of Arab\\nor Indian peddlers go about with their little trucks full\\nof things for sale, or with boxes or trays hung at their\\nbreasts; Jews carry bundles of their own wares; fish\\ndealers, with sounding trumpets, drive noisily along;\\nchildren, boys and girls cry the newspapers which they\\nwant you to buy; never was there such a bustle in a\\nSouth African town.\\nJohannesburg was ruled at first by a Local Sanitary\\nBoard or Committee, which, however, took upon itself\\nto do more than it had a right to do, and some things\\nthat were illegal. Complaints of this having been made\\nto Pretoria, the Government was obliged to supersede\\nthe Sanitary Committee by nominating a City Council,\\nunder the control of a Burgomaster, and Mr. J. Z. de\\nVilliers was the first Burgomaster appointed. There are\\nfour Landrosts, or magistrates, whose offices are every\\nday full of business. The postmasters and telegraph\\noffice clerks are numerous, working day and night.\\nThe habits of the Johannesburg population are such as\\nmight be expected in a town of gold-seekers and gold-\\nspenders, not like the poetic ideal of the pastoral golden\\nage. A multitude of speculators in shares may be ob-\\nserved to hang all day around the Stock Exchange.\\nBetting on the races is a favorite diversion horses con-\\ntend for the sweepstakes monthly; tickets are offered for", "height": "4276", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "134 Johannesburg and Pretoria.\\nsale the losses and gains on a race may amount to a total\\nof \u00c2\u00a3100,000. Saloons, bars, and canteens are open at\\nevery street corner; you might count hundreds of\\ndrunken men. On Sundays it is curious to see the Kaffir\\nlaborers, who come into town from the gold mines some\\nof them wear long-skirted black frock coats on the Sun-\\nday; every one may have a purse full of money in his\\ntrousers pocket. In numbers, about half the population\\nof Johannesburg is native African. The Boers, who visit\\nthe city on week days to make purchases at the shops,\\nhave well-filled purses, of course, and do not spend all\\ntheir money.\\nPretoria, the capital of the South African Republic,\\nthe seat of Government, is adorned with the finest Gov-\\nernment building that exists in South Africa. The Kerk-\\nPlein, with its palatial edifices, has an imposing aspect.\\nThe streets at night are illuminated by electric lights, as\\nin any European city. The President seems to reign\\nhere like a king, while he is recognized by all the world\\nas an eminent statesman. There is a million sterling in\\nthe Government Treasury. A hundred clerks are em-\\nployed in the Government offices. The Executive Coun-\\ncil, and the members of the Volksraad, are upon a foot-\\ning equal to that of the Senators and members of the\\nChamber in any European State. Pretoria fashionable\\nsociety puts on, of course, an air of metropolitan dignity,\\nregardless of the vulgar rich prodigality of Johannes-\\nburg, shown in various amusing ways; and not least by\\nthe haughty elegance of the manner in which ladies hold\\nup their heads, as their carriages drive by you, in the\\nevening on the way to the opera, or to a concert but I\\nam not competent to describe the habits of fashionable\\nlife. As for politics and government, my attention must\\njust now be confined to Johannesburg, where I dwell\\nand see a good deal.", "height": "4324", "width": "2840", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII.\\nTHE FOREIGNERS REVOLUTIONARY PLOTS.\\nThe scandalous plot to overthrow our Republic was\\nconcocted and prepared from June, 1895, to the end of\\nDecember, as is abundantly proved, by Cecil Rhodes,,\\nwith his allies, Phillips and Beit, and others, but it had\\nbeen secretly contemplated by some of them at the time\\nof Sir Henry Loch s visit there a year before. It was\\ncovered by the programme of what they styled The\\nNational Reform Union at Johannesburg, and by the\\nmanifesto, of menacing tone, which expressed more than\\nthe avowed purport, with demands for certain measures\\nnot altogether bad in themselves, but requiring due in-\\nvestigation, prudent legislative council, and mature de-\\nliberation on the part of the State Government.\\nIts commencement began to be apprehended by those\\nwho could perceive that something was covertly going\\non at the Rand, about the middle of the year 1895,\\nAlready in the month of June, among, a section of the\\nOutlanders, there seemed to be a screw loose in the fabric\\nand machine of social order. But nobody at first could\\nexactly detect the place where it was, or the tendency of\\nagitation in the political workings of Johannesburg senti-\\nments and designs. It was to be remarked, however, that\\nSir Henry Loch, who is now Lord Loch, had been there\\nin June, 1894. He had visited the Rand gold mines, and\\ncould not enough, at a great meeting of the English here,\\nexpress his admiration of their boundless riches. He\\nmade particular inquiries. About the same time, Mr.\\nLionel Phillips wrote a letter, suggestive of the intended", "height": "4276", "width": "2720", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "136 The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots.\\naction, to Mr. Alfred Beit at Cape Town. Then appeared\\nMr. Charles Leonard, as President of the English Na-\\ntional Reform Union. Its meetings were invariably\\nconducted so as to foment disaffection to the Government\\nof the South African Republic. But the political agita-\\ntion was stirred up rather under the surface of that re-\\nform question, secretly and softly, for several months.\\nSome uneasy apprehensions of the real purpose of its\\nmanagers were entertained, and were discussed even by\\nDutch journalists, but nothing was yet discovered. So\\nit went on till December; then arose more alarming ru-\\nmors. Our President was on his official tour through\\nthe Transvaal. He was attending a meeting at Bronk-\\nhorstpruit; there he received messages of such urgent\\nimport that he was obliged hastily to return to Pretoria,\\nfor suddenly the Government of this State found itself\\nbeset with difficulties and perils, the gounds of which\\ncould scarcely be discerned.\\nThe dictatorial manifesto of what styled itself The\\nNational Reform Union, composed of a few thousand\\nforeigners or Outlanders, of diversified nationality, but\\nmostly English-speaking, resident in the one city of Jo-\\nhannesburg, and belonging to the gold fields class inter-\\nest, was actually issued at Christmas, 1895, signed by Mr.\\nCharles Leonard, with the appointment of a public meet-\\ning to be held on January 6, for the discussion of re-\\nforms, as though peaceable and lawful actions only were\\nintended. But secretly, during months before, large sup-\\nplies of warlike weapons and stores had been collected\\nin the town, and preparations had been made for an\\narmed insurrection, to be aided by Jameson with the\\nChartered Company s and other British military forces.\\nI was at Johannesburg, not with those who were sent out\\nto repel the attack made by Jameson. The condition of\\nthe city in those days is what I then personally witnessed.", "height": "4320", "width": "2840", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots. 137 C\\nThere was a feeling of much anxiety toward the end\\nof December on account of the multitudes of unemployed\\nKaffir mining laborers and others, who came in from the\\nRand, and thronged the streets of the town. It was\\nfeared that they would turn to robbery and violence.\\nHouseholders began to form associations for. mutual pro-\\ntection, and plans for looking after those people, reliev-\\ning temporary distress, controlling and removing them,\\nwere proposed. At the same time much inconvenience\\nand confusion accrued from the arrival by cheap railway\\nexcursion trains of extraordinary numbers of holiday-\\nmaking visitors from the neighboring States and colonial\\nprovinces; on the other hand, business in Johannesburg\\nbeing very slack or suspended in the Christmas week,\\nmany families of the inhabitants went to visit their\\nfriends elsewhere. The scenes at the railway stations in\\nthis neighborhood were remarkable; the trains were\\ncrammed, especially w ith women and children some pas-\\nsengers took their seats many hours before their train\\nwas to start some who had bought first-class tickets had\\nto get into a second or third-class carriage, or even into\\na cattle truck. They suffered much discomfort, and the\\ntraffic fell into disorci^r, but it was not till January 2\\nthat the terrible railway disaster happened at Glencoe, on\\nthe Natal line, where thirty people were killed at once\\nand many were badly hurt, some of these dying soon\\nafterward.\\nNo resident at Johannesburg at that time can have yet\\nforgotten the sad spectacle of the bringing in of those\\nlifeless and mangled victims of the railway accident.\\nAmong those who publicly deplored it with tears and\\ncries of grief was Mevrouw Kruger, the good old wife of\\nour worthy President. He, too, a few weeks later, in\\nbeholding the miserable effect of a calamity still more\\ndreadful, that of the tremendous dynamite explosion on", "height": "4276", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "138 The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots,\\nFebruary 19, 1896, among the railway trucks at the\\nJohannesburg station, in visiting the hospital and attend-\\ning the subsequent funeral of seventy-two dead people,\\ncould not refrain from weeping, though few men have\\nmore self-command. Oom Paul has a tender heart.\\nOn the 29th of December, 1895, Johannesburg was ex-\\ncited by a very different cause of alarm. Hundreds of\\npeople were escaping from the city by every railway train\\nand some were running away on foot; they were fugi-\\ntives going to seek any place of safety in the wide world\\nno one cared to abide by his employment or business.\\nThe window s and doors of the grand shops, offices\\nand warehouses were closed up with thick planks,\\nnailed as strongly as it could be done in such haste;\\nthe banks were shut up. Chests and bags of money\\nwere sent away by railroad to various destina-\\ntions. Tumults, fights and riots being feared, the police\\nwere ordered to close every drinking saloon, and the bars\\nof the restaurants and the hotels this order was enforced\\nby the English townsmen, as well as by the officials of our\\nown Government. Some families belonging to our com-\\nmunity left the city. In the streets and market-place\\nroamed bands of Kaffirs, to the number of several thou-\\nsand. All was in confusion, with terror and uproar,\\ndreading some instant peril of the townspeoples* lives\\nand property.\\nCommandant D. Schutte, under whose orders I was,\\nsummoned every man to get ready, and to report himself\\nfor duty at the police stations. The order was that all\\nwho stood on the side of the Government of our Republic\\nshould come forward afid present themselves for its serv-\\nice, and great was the need already, but next day, the\\n30th, it was no longer a secret the Englishmen had risen\\nin arms, and had in fact annexed the city. Thousands\\nof Outlanders, to whom rifles and ammunition had", "height": "4320", "width": "2864", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots. 139\\nquickly been dealt out from some concealed stores, were\\nstanding ranked together on their mustering ground.\\nAbout 500 men of a new police force, appointed by the\\nheads of the English faction, occupied the streets. It\\nseemed as if Johannesburg belonged to the men of that\\nnation, as if it had been captured by a foreign enemy.\\nThey had, during more than a twelvemonth, been smug-\\ngling in chests of firearms and of warlike stores, under\\nfalse descriptive labels, with several Maxim guns, and\\nthey had field artillery on the road to the Transvaal. On\\nthis day we saw a military camp formed outside the town,\\nwith tents erected there, on rising ground to the north-\\nwest, where they were digging to throw up ramparts for\\na kind of fort or batteries.\\nThe situation of Commandant Schutte, in charge of the\\ncity for the Government of our State, was extremely diffi-\\ncult. Some of his countrymen unjustly accused him of\\ncowardice. I judged quite differently of his conduct,\\nwhich I think was very discreet and prudent but he and\\nhis officers, Van Damme, Robberts and Bosman, did all\\nthat good and brave men, under the circumstances, could\\ndo. We, the Afrikander burghers, were very much ex-\\ncited, and were indignant because we were not at once\\nfurnished with rifles, as we saw our friends the Hol-\\nlanders and Germans allowed to carry them. I confess\\nthat I myself h i stolen one from the Commandant s\\noffice I was going to get some cartridges, and I would\\nthen have shot any of our own policemen who turned\\nrebel, but God prevented me. The rifle was taken from\\nme by Lieutenant Robbertz.oon. It was better so, for in\\nhalf an hour, at the first shot fired, there would have\\nbeen fighting all over the town, and what would have\\nhappened to the thousands of defenseless people- to the\\nwomen and children? Early in the morning, Command-\\nant Schutte and the Mines Commissioner, Van der", "height": "4276", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "140 The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots.\\nMerwe, came to us at the police barracks, and spoke to\\nus very calmly and firmly, explaining why it was not ad-\\nvisable immediately to give us arms, but they assured\\nus that if there were a conflict we should all be well\\narmed. Most of the burghers were contented with this\\npromise. Whether our leading men already knew, at\\nthat hour on December 21, of Jameson s inroad, I am\\nnot aware but for us burghers it was very disagreeable\\nto stay without weapons, amidst thousands of rebels and\\nenemies who were fully armed, especially after we heard\\nof the fighting at Krugersdorp.\\nIn the meantime, at Johannesburg, in the city, the\\nenemy for several days had it all his own way. Our own\\npolicemen were disarmed and withdrawn from the\\nstreets, confined to their barracks, to avoid a conflict.\\nThe Hollanders and Germans stood faithfully by our\\nGovernment of the latter nearly 800 men, under their\\nown officers, were in arms, briskly drilling, while the\\nHollanders, posted nearest to the English camp the Eng-\\nlish hate the Dutch here like the plague kept watch over\\nthe railway station, which was likely to be first attacked.\\nThey very cleverly made a fort of railway trunks, which\\nthey could well have defended. At the Government build-\\nings were the magistrates, Landrosts, and Mines Com-\\nmissioners, attending to their business. The Yeldt-Cornet\\nhaving disappeared, J. de Millon was appointed in his\\nstead to rule at Johannesburg. As the day went on, Jan-\\nuary 1, we heard various rumors of the result of the\\nKrugersdorp fight the day before. We could see the\\ncamp of our rebels from the town; there seemed to be a\\ngreat bustle and movement amongst them, with carriages\\ndriving to and fro. At ten o clock I went up to the mar-\\nket-place. In the surrounding streets arose a great com-\\nmotion, which I heard, and thought myself not very safe\\nthere but when I turned back I observed that in front oi", "height": "4324", "width": "2912", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots. 141\\nalmost every house looking toward the outside of the\\ntown Englishmen were standing at the door with spy-\\nglasses or telescopes, looking at their camp and along the\\nwestern road toward Krugersdorp. At the door of the last\\nhouse were two old red-necks gazing in this manner at\\nthe fort. I quietly got behind them and heard them say,\\nDr. Jameson is coming It was the first time I had\\never heard of Jameson, and I did not understand what\\nit meant. But I clapped as loudly as I could with my\\ntwo hands on the legs of my breeches to startle them, and\\nI cried out in an alarming voice, The Boers are com-\\ning Would you believe it? I tell you, my reader, that\\nthose two English red-necks instantly ran indoors, one\\nof them dropping his spy-glass and leaving it on the\\nground, while I walked on homeward. I was only a little\\nafraid that they would send a bullet after me, so I walked\\naway rather fast.\\nThe position of our Government was such as to render\\nit not easy to contrive and execute the measures for de-\\nfense. If you know that a burglar is trying to break into\\nyour house, you may not know exactly where and how\\nthe entrance will be effected. Orders were hastily given\\nto the Commandants and Field-Cornets to call out the\\nburghers and bring them upon the roads between Kru-\\ngersdorp and Johannesburg. But nobody who knew the\\nways of our old chief enemy could doubt that the whole\\nof our territory and all its frontiers would be in danger\\nof invasion. Forces were therefore assembled to move\\nin different directions. Around the City of Gold Miners,\\nJohannesburg, our commanders soon occupied the posi-\\ntions of best advantage, ready for whatever should take\\nplace. On January 2, the presence of Jameson s troop\\nof banditti was known to all the country. But our com-\\nmanders had to deal at once with that nest and breeding\\nplace of rebels or foreign foes of the State, which was in", "height": "4280", "width": "2716", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "14? The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots.\\nopen insurrection. To the south lay the forces of Com-\\nmandant D, Weilbach encamped against it. Other bodies\\nof our troops approached it on different sides. The vet-\\neran commander Piet Cronje, one of the heroes of the\\nWar of Freedom in 1880 and 1881, had again taken the\\nfield, and was to gain the fresh honor of seeing English-\\nmen lay, down their arms at his feet.\\nJameson s defeat and surrender at Doornkop, on Jan-\\nuary 2, cast all our enemies into great perplexity.\\nTheir idolized dictator, Rhodes, who had three days be-\\nfore telegraphed to London, I shall win, and South\\nAfrica shall belong to England, was far distant. Presi-\\ndent Kruger had got Jameson and Willoughby and the\\nother English officers locked up in jail. The clever advo-\\ncate, Charles Leonard, head of the National Union of\\nOutlanders, had fled to Cape Town. The stores of pro-\\nvisions for an expected siege to be withstood at Jo-\\nhannesburg, immense quantities of grain and herds of\\ncattle, had been confiscated by the lawful Government.\\nIts military and police forces again held possession of the\\ncity. The revolutionary rule was past; its duration, was\\nas many days as the years of British usurpation in the\\nTransvaal, from April, 1877. Next came Sir Jacobus de\\nWet and Sir S. Sheppard, to convince the revolutionist\\nleaders that they had better give up all their arms to\\nOom Paul, who had signified that he would take them,\\notherwise, within twenty-four hours. The Government\\nproceeded to vindicate the lawful authority of the State\\nby arresting over sixty of those persons, instituting a\\nprosecution for treason and committing them to prison.\\nTheir trial was held in the large Market Hall at Pre-\\ntoria; the chief of the Bench of Judges was Advocate\\nGregorowski, an eminent lawyer of the Orange River\\nFree State, whose impartiality could not be questioned.\\nSixty-four prisoners were brought before the judges and", "height": "4320", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots. 143\\na special jury. They took it coolly, and all pleaded guilty.\\nThe Chief Judge, addressing them with great propriety,\\nsentenced to death four of them, namely, Lionel Phillips,\\nColonel Francis Rhodes, J. H. Hammond and George\\nFarrar, according to law; a fine of \u00c2\u00a35,000 was imposed\\nupon each of the others. These sentences were confirmed\\nin due course by the Executive Council of State.\\nNow came petitions, numerously signed, begging for a\\ncommutation of the death sentences. Some were from\\nour own burghers, others by cable telegraph beneath the\\nsea, and by land from different provinces of South Africa\\ncame asking our Government to spare the lives of those\\nfour men. Tender-hearted ladies personally visited our\\nPresident, imploring his mercy. Ah it was the same\\nin the year 18 16, with the British Government of the\\nCape Colony, when the seven Afrikanders who had risen\\nto avenge the murder of Oom Freek Bezuidenhout by\\nthe soldiers were doomed to the gallows at Slagter s Nek.\\nPetitions were sent then to Cape Town wives and children\\nknelt imploring that those men s lives might be spared;\\nbut it was all in vain. Now, after eighty years, while\\nsons and grandsons had grown up to take the place of\\ntheir fathers of the two nations in South Africa, but the\\nsame God was living as He is living still, Who sees all\\nthe deeds of all generations of mankind, here was their\\nsituation reversed. Oh, England! noble, powerful, re-\\nnowned Great Britain! hast thou any feeling of national\\nremorse and repentance? See what was done on our part\\nin 1896.\\nOur President, after a few days, commuted the capital\\nsentences to a fine of \u00c2\u00a325,000 each. Be it observed that\\nall these condemned criminals were actually millionaires,\\nto whose wealth that sum is like a drop in a bucket of\\nwater. When the joyful news was communicated to them\\nby the keeper of their prison their gloom was changed", "height": "4239", "width": "2802", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "144 The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots.\\nfor gladness. The money was instantly paid, and they\\nwent out free. The tears of those who mourned over, or.\\nwho dreaded their impending doom, became tears of joy.\\nSee now the true character of the great man you Eng-\\nlishmen hate and revile, President Kruger! A horri-\\nble crime had been perpetrated against him as the ruler\\nof the State and against his nation. It was all in his\\npower to let the extreme punishment be legally inflicted.\\nBut his noble-minded, Christian, humane, forgiving dis-\\nposition was inclined not to make the guilty suffer as they\\ndeserved. Not an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,\\nis the motto of a good man By this example of benevo*\\nlent clemency, you will say, the President showed to all\\nthe world he is a wise statesman. Yes., and I will say\\nthat this example, compared with that of your Governor\\nin 1816, has put the English nation to shame!\\nThe released prisoners went to the President s house,\\nthanked him very heartily, and returned the same even-\\ning to Johannesburg, where doubtless they were festively\\ntreated with champagne. All were freed except two ob-\\nstinate gentlemen, named Sampson and Davis, who re-\\nfused to sign a memorial asking for their release. They\\nremained in the jail until the Jubilee Day of Her Majesty\\nthe Queen of England, when, generously to them and in\\nhonor of Queen Victoria, the President set them free.\\nSome months before the conspiracy and rebellion of\\nJohannesburg, President Kruger said, in a conversation\\nabout the extension of the franchise to Outlanders, or\\ntheir admission to the burghership of the South African\\nRepublic: Something is bound to happen before that\\ncan be settled, by which, perhaps, the chaff will be sepa-\\nrated from the grain, and we shall then be able to see\\nwhat men there are to whom the franchise can be in-\\ntrusted, and who are the men not safely to be allowed to\\npossess and use it.", "height": "4332", "width": "2792", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots. 145\\nThis has indeed been the course of our political affairs.\\nBy the Johannesburg treason plot and Jameson inroad\\nthat part of the population of the Transvaal was sifted,\\nor winnowed, so that it could be seen on which side the\\nRepublic or its enemies, the contents of that district\\nwould be likely to fall in. The Transvaal, indeed, is a\\nstrange country, with a very strange mixed population.\\nFor the sake of its incalculable supposed mineral riches\\nof all kinds, but especially its world-famous gold mines,\\npeople of diverse races and classes have come from every\\nquarter of the globe. They get a better livelihood here\\nthan they did in the places which they have left; some\\nmay not go home, but stay here for good. Thus, in a\\nvery short time, over 100,000 people have arrived. Of\\nthese newcomers there are, besides Afrikanders of other\\ncolonies and provinces, Hollander Dutchmen, Germans,\\nFrench, English, Scotch, and Irish, Australians, Ameri-\\ncans, and Jews of every nationality. Those Outlanders\\nsoon desire to obtain in our Republic the same privileges\\nof citizenship and of political self-rule that we have.\\nFrom one point of view their claim is quite fair, since\\nthey have brought in the capital and skill for undertak-\\nings which have filled the State Treasury, that was empty\\nbefore. That is well and good; but the question for us\\nis, How far can they yet be trusted with political power\\nin our State? They dwell among us, undisturbed, and\\nenjoy full protection under our Government; why should\\nthey desire more? If they get the franchise, what will\\nthey do with their votes?\\nI know what the Englishmen here will do with their\\nvotes they will elect Cecil Rhodes for President, or some\\nother Englishman, and then we know this our country,\\nso dearly purchased for us by the toil and sweat and blood\\nof our fathers, will belong to our old enemy to England.\\nThat only will content them, as he and they have said. In", "height": "4239", "width": "2802", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "146 The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots.\\nmy mind, therefore, while our Government ought, the\\nsooner the better, to reform the electoral law, never\\nshould an Englishman, remaining one of that nation, have\\na vote in our State affairs. Treat them justly, on an\\nequality with all others, in what concerns their personal\\nand private interests; let them be protected by our Gov-\\nernment as well as ourselves but, seeing what is the\\ncharacter and political tendency of the English element, I\\nshould be inclined to say, Never give them the vote\\nAs for other Outlanders, we must look at each nation-\\nality and each class to see how they are likely to use the\\nfranchise. Of the Hollander Dutchmen it may be said\\nthat they are a little too proud and self-conceited, and for\\nthat, I am sorry to observe, most of the Afrikanders do\\nnot much like them. But who is without any faults and,\\nfor that matter, if a man has no pride or good opinion\\nof himself, it is perhaps, in some cases, because he knows\\nthat he is good for nothing. It is mistaken and\\nperverse on our part to detest the Hollanders. I am con-\\nvinced, and I can prove it, that they have been, in many\\nrespects, the benefactors of this country. And mind this,\\nthe Hollanders will never betray us With the Germans\\nI am not so much acquainted; but the men of that nation,\\nupon the occasion of the Johannesburg conspiracy.,\\nshowed by their acts that they could well be trusted.\\nThey were, in fact, as President Kruger has foretold, so\\nwinnowed in the sieve as to be proved good sound corn.\\nWe have, then, from that trial been able to distinguish\\nthree sorts of men in this country, namely, the Afrikan-\\nders, the Hollanders and the Germans, who are trust-\\nworthy to possess the franchise. Our Government\\nshowed directly afterward that* it was disposed to treat\\nthe lately arrived Outlanders reasonably, and allowed\\nmore than 1,500 of them to obtain the right of voting.\\nIf the Englishmen, on the contrary, rather fell into a", "height": "4328", "width": "2792", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "The Foreigners Revolutionary Plots. 147\\nbackward position in the State it was their own fault or\\nthat of their leaders.\\nI may add one more observation regarding the Afri-\\nkanders in the Cape Colony. At the last election for\\nPresident in otir Republic grossly injurious statements\\nwere made to disparage our highly esteemed General\\nJoubert They came from certain Colonial Afrikanders\\nopposed to him, who are believed all to be Dappers strict\\nParticular Baptists It was said that, if he became\\nPresident in the Transvaal, all the clerkships in our Gov-\\nernment offices would be filled with Bovenlanders (per-\\nsons coming from the old settled agricultural districts\\naround the Paarl, Wellington and Worcester, to the norths\\neast of Cape Town, between the Cape and Zwaartberg\\nmountain range). Never take heed of such idle rumors\\nand notions! I have observed the Bovenlanders with\\nparticular attention there is no truth in it. And I have\\nbeen amongst hundreds of the Cape Colony people, at a\\ntime of almost revolutionary excitement. I can truly\\nbear witness that those Afrikanders showed themselves as\\nstanch and faithful to their alliance with our own State\\nas the Vaalpensen, the born Transvaalers, themselves\\ncan be. Never did I meet with a single one of them who\\nsympathized with the English Imperial Annexation\\nParty", "height": "4239", "width": "2802", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII,\\nNATIONAL HYMN OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC\\n(Adapted from the Hymn of the Orange Free State*)\\nMen of Transvaal, we bid you raise\\nA people s voice, a hymn of praise,\\nTo God, Who set you free!\\nWho led our fathers to this land,\\nWho bade this nation take its stand,\\nHere, in just liberty!\\nWe pray Thee, God, this State to keep,\\nFirm on its rock-foundation deep,\\nHere, from the stranger freed!\\nOur Burgher counsel bless and guide,\\nThat they may carefully provide\\nFor all the public need\\nWe also pray, Eternal Lord!\\nThy gracious help to him afford,\\nOur chosen President\\nWho bears a task, which never can\\nBe well performed by any man,\\nExcept Thy aid be sent!\\nAnd now, Transvaalers, to this land,\\nIts laws, its President s command,\\nIts Volks-Raad! Burghers all!\\nYour hearts 5 best wishes shall ye give!\\nYour patriot service, die or live!\\nNot your Republic fall!", "height": "4284", "width": "2756", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "Brief History of the Transvaal\\nRepublic.\\nBy CHARLES T. BUNCE.", "height": "4239", "width": "2802", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4284", "width": "2792", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "A BRIEF HISTORY\\nOF THE\\nTransvaal Republic.\\nCHAPTER L\\nEARLY HISTORY.\\nThe history of the Transvaal Republic properly begins\\nwith the earliest settlement of Cape Colony, as the Boers\\nwere emigrants from that place.\\nHerodotus mentions the fact that the Phoenicians sailed\\naround the Cape of Good Hope about 600 B. C. History\\nrecords nothing further concerning it until the year 1487,\\nwhen a Portuguese navigator, Bartholomew Diaz, landed\\nthere. Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape ten years later,\\nin 1497.\\nThe first real settlement at the Cape was made by the\\nDutch East India Company in 1650. The Dutch settle-\\nment was augmented by Germans, Flemings and Portu-\\nguese, and in 1686 by a large number of Huguenots who\\nhad fled from France on account of religious persecu-\\ntions. The settlements were, of course, at first confined\\nto the coast, but as the population became more numerous\\nthe interior regions were slowly penetrated, and the native\\ntribes reduced to slavery or driven further inland.\\nThe slavery question has always been a disturbing\\nfactor in South African affairs, as will be seen in the sue-", "height": "4239", "width": "2802", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "Early History.\\nceeding pages. Its introduction was simultaneous with\\nthe earliest settlements, and its extinction has been one\\nof the most difficult of tasks.\\nIn 1795 ^e first serious revolt occurred, an attempt be-\\ning made to free the colony from the dominion of Hol-\\nland, and establish a republic, This effort was brought\\nto naught by the arrival of a British fleet, sent by the\\nPrince of Orange, in whose name possession was taken\\nof the colony. The British rule continued until 1802,\\nwhen the government was restored to Holland.\\nIn 1806 the British again took possession, and the ter-\\nritory was formally ceded to England in 181 5.\\nThe population at this time was mainly Dutch. The\\nname Boer (or farmer) was generally applied to them,\\nas they were mainly an agricultural people.\\nAs was natural, the permanent establishment of British\\ngovernment was followed by the influx of a large number\\nof Englishmen. It is said that fully 4,000 arrived in the\\nyear 1820 alone.\\nWith the advent of such a large number of people of\\na different race and language, began that long struggle\\nbetween the two races which has been the cause of so\\nmuch bloodshed and strife, culminating in the present\\nwar.\\nThe Boer s temperament is phlegmatic, and agriculture\\nis his chief occupation. The English, on the other hand,\\nare active, aggressive and enterprising.\\nThe Boers had built up a system of their own, and the\\nchanged methods introduced by the English were a source\\nof constant dissatisfaction to the slow-going Dutchmen.\\nThe Boers had always considered the negroes as in-\\nferior beings, created for their especial benefit as slaves.\\nOne of the first acts of the English was to emancipate\\nall slaves in 1833,\\nAnother serious cause of dissatisfaction to the Boers", "height": "4284", "width": "2792", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "Early History.\\n153\\nwas the retrocession to the Kaffirs of the territory which\\nhad been taken from them and annexed to the colony e\\nThe Boers had hoped to occupy these lands. Moreover,\\nthey were dissatisfied at the inadequate compensation\\ngiven to them for the slaves that had been taken from\\nthem and restored to freedom by the Emancipation Act.\\nPayment was tendered in the form of paper payable in\\nLondon, which could only be converted into money at\\nthe Cape at a ruinous discount. It is now generally ad-\\nmitted by the English that the Boers were unfairly treat-\\ned in this matter.\\nThese grievances led to the first general movement of\\nthe Boers to the interior, commonly known as the Great\\nTrek. Their object was to establish at some remote\\npoint an independent government, where they might be\\nfree to act as they desired, and to re-establish slavery.\\nIn 1835, Ae first bands, led by one Triechard of Al-\\nbany, crossed the Orange River. Other bands rapidly\\nfollowed, and the colonies of Natal and Orange Free\\nState received their first settlement.\\nIn leaving Cape Colony, the Boers took occasion to\\nissue a Declaration of Independence couched in the fol-\\nlowing language\\nWe quit this colony under the full assurance that the\\nEnglish Government has nothing more to require of us,\\nand will allow us to govern ourselves without interference\\nin future.\\nA form of government was then established by them\\nin Natal.\\nIn 1840, Governor Napier issued a proclamation deny-\\ning their right to form an independent government, even\\nbeyond the border of the Cape Colony.\\nConstant encounters with the Kaffirs and other savage\\ntribes rendered their lives in this new country anything\\nbut a bed of roses. Peter Reteif, one of the most promi-", "height": "4239", "width": "2802", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "154\\nEarly History.\\nnent of the Boer leaders, was treacherously slain in one\\nof the many conflicts with the savages.\\nDepleted in numbers, and harassed by the natives, a\\nsmall British force which was landed in the Natal terri-\\ntory had no difficulty in forcing a majority of the Boers\\nto acknowledge British sovereignty. Some, however,\\ntrekked in the direction of the Vaal, and refused to\\nsubmit to British rule.\\nNo sooner had the English acquired a foothold in\\nNatal than they freed all slaves held by the Boers, which\\nso incensed the latter that a large number moved inland\\nto join those who had made the first settlements.\\nIn 1848, the Cape Government having proclaimed the\\nentire territory up to the Vaal River as British territory,\\nanother advance was made on the Boers, and a force un-\\nder Governor Smith defeated them near Bloomplatz, in\\nthe Orange River country, and they were again reluc-\\ntantly compelled to acknowledge British rule.\\nUndaunted, however, a large body of the Boers massed\\nunder the leadership of Andrus Pretorius, a valiant man\\nwho had repeatedly offered effective resistance to the\\nBritish. They moved to the regions beyond the Vaal\\nRiver, and then laid the foundations of the present Trans-\\nvaal, or South African Republic.\\nDuring the years 185 1 and 1852 the British became in-\\nvolved in hostilities with the powerful, savage tribe of\\nBasutos, and Pretorius, seeing his opportunity, made over-\\ntures for the acknowledgement by the English of the in-\\ndependence of the Transvaal. He was successful in this\\nproject, and on Jan. 16, 1852, the famous convention of\\nSand River was concluded, by which the Boers living\\nbeyond the Vaal were given the right to establish a gov-\\nernment, and to make their own laws, except that slavery\\nwas to be prohibited.,\\nIn 1854, a further convention was concluded at Bloem-", "height": "4316", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "Early History.\\n155\\nfontein, by which the independence of the Orange Free\\nState was granted by England.\\nThus, after nearly twenty years of removal from place\\nto place, with constant encroachments by the British, and\\ncontinuous trouble with the natives, the Boers had ap-\\nparently achieved their wish at last, and having been\\ngranted the rights of independent government, it seemed\\nprobable that they would have no further troubles, and\\nthat they would be permitted to pursue their agricultural\\nlives free from interference a peculiar people, apart\\nfrom, and not like to, the rest of the world.\\nBut the slavery question, and events as yet unthought\\nOf, were destined to disturb their peace and quiet in the\\ncoming years, and lead up eventually to one of the most\\nstubbornly resisted wars of the century*", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II.\\nTHE FIRST REPUBLIC.\\nAlthough the independence of the Transvaal Republic\\nhad been duly acknowledged by England, the government\\nwhich was established was by no means a perfect or sat-\\nisfactory one. In fact, there were four separate and dis-\\ntinct states in the Transvaal Potchefstroom, Lyden-\\nburg, Utrecht and Zoutpansberg. Each claimed supreme\\npower, and each was jealous of any centralization of gov-\\nernment. There was a sort of concurrent jurisdiction and\\nat least a pretense of a general government, but it was\\nnot until i860 that anything approaching a real union was\\nmaterialized. The Volksraad, that peculiar legislative\\nbody, the privilige of election to which is one of the prime\\nfactors in the present war, had already been organized.\\nIn 1858 this body enacted the Grondwet, or funda-\\nmental law, which is the basis of the present body. Mr.\\nM. W. Pretorius, son of the valiant Andreas, was finally\\nelected President, and by 1864 all the Boers of the\\nTransvaal had acknowledged his authority and position\\nas head of the State.\\nIt was about this period that Paul Kruger came into\\nprominence. He was the leader of an armed force that\\nwas endeavoring to oppose the claims of one of the act-\\ning presidents of the Republic a certain Schoeman.\\nThese factional fights were of constant occurrence, and\\nwere wagered with great bitterness and animosity, until\\nthe final installation of Pretorius as a President accept-\\nable to the majority. This condition of semi-guerilla\\nwarfare has its counterpart in the formative history of", "height": "4284", "width": "2872", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "The First Repnblic.\\n157\\nnearly every nation on the face of the globe; therefore*\\nit is evident that the Boers were neither worse nor better\\nthan others in this respect. It is estimated that the pop-\\nulation of the Transvaal at this time was about 30,000\\nwhites, and an almost innumerable host of blacks.\\nAs has been mentioned in previous pages, the hatred\\nbetween the Boers and the blacks was mutual and in-\\ntense. Constant warfare was the natural result. The\\nBoer persisted in his old-time doctrine that the black\\nman was fit only for slavery or extermination, and the\\nsavage, naturally, objected to this system, showing his\\nfeelings by a massacre or an insurrection at every pos-\\nsible opportunity.\\nAdd to this the fact that the occupation of the Boers\\nwas almost wholly farming, and that money was a very\\nscarce commodity, and it will readily be seen that taxes\\nwere not liable to flow into the treasury in any large\\namounts. Many of the people absolutely refused to pay\\nany taxes, and the Government, being thus crippled for\\nlack of funds, and burdened with continuous warfare, had\\na severe struggle to maintain its existence. In fact, one\\nof the leading characteristics of the Boers as a people is\\ntheir desire to get along with as little government as\\npossible.\\nIn 1871 President Burgers succeeded President Pre-\\ntorius. The new head of the Government was in many\\nrespects different from his predecessor* An able and\\nconscientious man, his main acts seemed to have been\\nprompted by a desire to cultivate peace with England,\\nto reduce the number of conflicts with the natives, and to\\nadvance the standing of his people by the introduction\\nof modern improvements and the betterment of the school\\nsystem.\\nHe effected a loan from the Cape, which relieved the\\nfinancial troubles of the Republic, and expended nearly", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "158\\nThe First Republic.\\nall of his private fortune and exhausted his eloquence in\\nan unsuccessful attempt to secure the construction of a\\nrailway to Delagoa Bay, the seaport nearest to the bor-\\nders of the Transvaal.\\nThis effort was vigorously opposed by the English, who\\nviewed with alarm the possible consequences of the ac-\\nquisition of a direct road to the sea by the Transvaal, It\\nmight possibly mean the future purchase of the seaport\\nfrom Portugal by the Boers, and lead to the Transvaal\\nbecoming transformed from an inland Republic to a na-\\ntion with a navy.\\nMeanwhile the people were making strenuous efforts\\nto extend the boundaries of the Republic to the north\\nand west. This policy, of course, meant more wars with\\nthe natives which sometimes resulted favorably to the\\nBoers, and frequently adversely.\\nThe chief among these conflicts was one against the\\nBechuanas. The Boers assailed the blacks, who were\\nunder the leadership of a powerful and cunning chief\\nnamed Sikukuni, and were thoroughly beaten in a great\\nbattle, in which 1,400 Boers participated. This crushing\\ndefeat, accompanied as it was by strong menaces by Cete-\\nwayo, the warlike leader of the Zulus, who threatened\\nthe southern border, led to serious reflection and consid\\neration of the situation by the Boers.\\nWhile it is true that the Boers were in serious danger\\nfrom the inroads of the now thoroughly aroused savages\\non their borders, the English colonies especially Natal\\nwere in no less danger.\\nUnder these circumstances the English Government\\nresolved to act, possibly seeing at the same time a favor-\\nable opportunity to once more bring the coveted Trans-\\nvaal region under the British flag.\\nAccordingly, Sir Theophilus Shepstone was sent out", "height": "4284", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "The First Republic.\\n*59\\nfrom England with power from his Government to annex\\nthe Transvaal and garrison the country with British\\ntroops to hold the natives in check; should he deem it\\nadvisable. His commission was dated October 5, 1876,\\nand countersigned by Lord Carnarvon, Colonial Secre-\\ntary, and was sent to Sir H. Bulwer, Governor of Natal,\\nwho was instructed to hand it over to Sir Theophilus.\\nThese facts should not be lost sight of, as it is often as-\\nsumed that it was at Sir Bartle Frere s direction that Sir\\nTheophilus annexed the Transvaal. At that time Sir\\nBartle was not Governor of Cape Colony, or even in\\nSouth Africa, the Governorship of the Cape being in\\nthe hands of Sir Henry Barkly. On receipt of his in-\\nstructions, Sir T. Shepstone started for Pretoria, which\\ntown he entered on January 22, 1877, having traveled\\nfrom the frontier with an escort consisting only of 25\\nNatal Mounted Policemen. On his way he was favorably\\nreceived by a portion of the people at Pretoria his entry\\nwas made the occasion o^ general rejoicings. On the\\nafternoon of the 26th of the same month (January, 1877),\\nSir Theophilus had an interview with the Boer Executive.\\nIt is at this time that the name of Paul Kruger first\\ncomes prominently forward in an official character. Sir\\nT. Shepstone, in his official report, writes that he ex-\\nplained to the Executive that the object of his mission-\\nin view of the disturbed state of the country was to\\nconfer with the Government and people of the Transvaal,\\nwith the object of initiating a new state of things, which\\nwould guarantee security for the future.\\nMr. Paul Kruger, adds Sir T. Shepstone, who is a\\nmember of the Executive, and the only opponent of Mr.\\nBurgers for the position of President, did not object to\\nthe discussion of the causes which are said to produce\\ninsecurity or inconvenience to neighboring states or gov-\\nernments, but positively declined to enter upon the dis-", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "160 The First Republic.\\ncussion of any subject that might involve in any way the\\nindependence of the State as a Republic.\\nAfter nearly three months inquiry, Sir Theophilus was\\nconvinced that the only cure for the manifold ills from\\nwhich the Transvaal suffered was annexation by Great\\nBritain, and accordingly he issued a proclamation to the\\neffect on April 12, 1877. President Burgers and Kruger\\nprotested against this annexation, but the signatures of\\na majority of the Volksraad being obtained, the annexa-\\ntion was an accomplished fact.\\nSir Theophilus reported to his Government that the\\npetition for annexation was signed by 2,500 Boer voters\\nout of a total of about 8,000. This is probably a fair\\nestimate of the sentiment of the Boers regarding the\\nannexation. The majority in the Volksraad in favor of\\nthis step was not a fair representation of the sentiment\\nof the majority of the people. Nevertheless the act was\\naccomplished. April 12, 1877, the first Transvaal Re-\\npublic ceased to exist, and Great Britain assumed the\\nadministrative functions of the Government against the\\nwill of a majority of the people and against the protest\\nof President Burgers.", "height": "4284", "width": "2872", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III.\\nTO MAJUBA HIU.\\nUnder the peculiar conditions which enabled England\\nto annex the Transvaal, it was apparent that dissatisfac-\\ntion and discontent would soon manifest itself. The\\nBoers were accused of having previous 1 made overtures\\nto other European nations, notably Germany, Belgium\\nand Portugal, looking to the establishment of a protec-\\ntorate by one of these powers. There is no reason to\\ndoubt but that this was done. Such a proceeding would,\\nhowever, have interfered seriously with the Briton s\\ndream of a united South African federation under a\\ncolonial government similar to that of Canada, and this\\nwas probably the motive that led England to so readily\\nand speedily espouse the cause of the Boers (incidentally\\nannexing their territory as quickly as possible). It came\\ncheap, and they needed it in their business.\\nThe Boers were not slow in making a strong protest\\nagainst the seizure of their country. Paul Kruger and\\nMr. Jorissen proceeded at once to England to lay a\\nvigorous complaint against the British Government and\\nendeavor to secure a reversal of the annexation. Sir\\nShepstone had not been idle, however, and Mr. Kruger s\\nprotest was met by a memorial from a portion of the\\nBoers approving the annexation. This well-executed\\nmove gave England an ample opportunity to reject Mr.\\nKrugers protest with a show of justice, on the ground\\nthat it did not represent the sentiment of his people.\\nSir Shepstone s action was duly approved by the Brit-\\nish Government.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "l62\\nTo Majuba Hill.\\nEngland was now pledged to maintain her authority\\nin the country she was also bound to see that the prom-\\nises of local self-government were fulfilled. Unfortu-\\nnately, the outbreak of a native war on the eastern frontier\\nof Cape Colony prevented Sir Bartle Frere, the then\\nPremier, from going to Pretoria, as he had intended, in\\nSeptember, 1877, and no sooner had that trouble been\\novercome than the far graver question of war with Cete-\\nwayo and his Zulus forced itself to the front. The hands\\nof the British authorities were full, and the reforms prom-\\nised to the Transvaal burghers were not granted. This\\ngave encouragement to the disaffected among the Boers,\\nespecially as the British did nothing to prevent many\\nTransvaal farmsteads from being destroyed and their\\noccupants murdered by the Zulus.\\nWhile he deplored his inability to immediately remedy\\nthe State of affairs at Pretoria, Sir Bartle Frere did not\\nfor a moment waver in his belief that England must be\\nthe dominant power in South Africa. Writing to Lord\\nCarnarvon, on August 10, 1878, he said\\nYou must be master as representative of the sole\\nSovereign Power up to the Portuguese frontier on both\\nthe East and West Coasts. There is no escaping from\\nthe responsibility which has been already incurred ever\\nsince the English flag was planted on the Castle here.\\nAll our real difficulties have arisen, and still arise, from\\nattempting to evade or shift this responsibility.\\nMeantime matters in the Transvaal were not going\\nwell. The Boers were full of complaints; some of them\\nwell grounded. But their great grievance was that the\\nBritish Government had failed to give them protection\\nagainst Sikukuni and against the Zulus. This had been\\none of the chief reasons which had induced them to ac-\\ncept annexation. A second deputation to England, com-\\nposed of Kruger and General Joubert, fared no better", "height": "4328", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "To Majuba Hill.\\n163\\nthe n the first, and once more it was affirmed that it was\\nimpossible that the Queen s sovereignty could be with-\\ndrawn from the Transvaal. This assurance w T as conveyed\\nto Messrs. Kruger and Joubert in a letter dated August\\n6, 1878. It was written by Sir Michael Hicks-Beach,\\nwho succeeded Lord Carnarvon as Colonial Secretary.\\nSir Garnet Wolseley was appointed High Commission-\\ner, and went straight from Zululand to the Transvaal\\nin September, 1879. He at once began to destroy any\\nillusion which the Boers might have about retrocession.\\nOn his way up he made the emphatic statement at a\\npublic dinner at Wakkerstroom that the Transvaal would\\nremain British territory ^^^Jomrj^ A\\nfew days later, finding two of the Boer leaders inquiring\\nfor a reply to a memorial on the subject, General Garnet\\nissued a formal proclamation, of which the following was\\nthe essential clause\\nNow, therefore, I do hereby proclaim and make\\nknown, in the name and on behalf of Her Majesty, the\\nQueen, that it is the will and determination of Her\\nMajesty s Government that this Transvaal territory shall\\nbe, and shall continue to be forever, an integral portion\\nof Her Majesty s dominions in South Africa.\\nA still more striking declaration was made soon after-\\nward by the High Commissioner, at a banquet given\\nto him at Pretoria by the friends of the British admin-\\nistration there. Referring to an idea which was then\\nbeing propagated that a change of Government in Eng-\\nland would lead to a change of policy. Sir Garnet Wol-\\nseley said\\nNothing can show greater ignorance of English pol-\\nitics than such an idea. I tell you there is no Govern-\\nment, Whig or Tory, Liberal, Conservative, or Radical,\\nwho would dare, under any circumstances, to give back\\nthis country under no circumstances whatever", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "164\\nTo Majuba Hill.\\ncan Britain give back this country. Facts are stubborn\\nthings. It is a fact that we are here, and it is an un-\\ndoubted fact that the English Government remains, and\\nremains here.\\nIt is at this point that Mr. Gladstone s influence as\\nhead of the Ministry began to be felt for the Boers. In\\nthe campaign of 1879 he gave utterance to the following\\nsentiments\\nIn the Transvaal we have chosen most unwisely I\\nam tempted to say insanely to put ourselves in the\\nstrange predicament of the free subjects of a monarch\\ngoing to coerce the free subjects of a Republic, and\\ncompel them to accept a citizenship which they decline\\nand refuse.\\nIn another speech in the same campaign Mr. Glad-\\nstone said\\nWhat is the meaning of adding places like Cyprus\\n/and places like the country of the Boers in South Africa\\nto the British Empire? And, moreover, I would say\\nthis: That if those acquisitions were as valuable as\\nthey are valueless. I would repudiate them, because they\\nare obtained by means dishonorable to the character of\\nvour country.\\nSuch remarks as these, being duly translated and cir-\\nculated in the Transvaal, could not fail to convince the\\nBoers that they had a strong friend in Mr. Gladstone,\\nand the accession of the Gladstone Ministry early in the\\nfollowing year led to another strong appeal to England,\\non the part of Kruger and Joubert, for an annulment\\nof the annexation.\\nFrom some cause or other, Mr. Gladstone seems to\\nhave experienced a change of heart about this time, and\\nhis answer to the Transvaal representatives was like\\nunto that of Pharaoh of old, who hardened his heart\\nand refused to allow the Israelites their freedom.", "height": "4324", "width": "2872", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "To Majuba Hill.\\n165\\nHis reply to Messrs. Kruger and Joubert was as fol-\\nlows\\nIt is undoubtedly matter for much regret that it\\nshould, since the annexation, have appeared that so\\niarge a number of the population of Dutch origin in the\\nTransvaal are opposed \\\\o the annexation of that terri-\\ntory, but it is impossible to consider that question as if\\nit were presented for the first time. We have to deal\\nwith a state of things which has existed for a consider-\\nable period, during which obligations have been con-\\ntracted, especially, though not exclusively, toward the\\nnative population, which cannot be set aside.\\nLooking to all the circumstances, both of the Trans-\\nvaal and the rest of South Africa, and to the necessity\\nof preventing a renewal of disorders which might lead\\nto disastrous consequences, not only to the Transvaal,\\nbut to the whole of South Africa, our judgment is that\\nthe Queen cannot be advised to relinquish her sov-\\nereignty over the Transvaal but consistently with the\\nmaintenance of that sovereignty we desire that the white\\ninhabitants of the Transvaal should, without prejudice\\nto the rest of the population, enjoy the fullest liberty\\nto manage their own affairs. We believe that this lib-\\nerty may be most easily and promptly conceded to the\\nTransvaal as a member of a South African Confedera-\\ntion.\\nWhile these important events were transpiring. Lord\\nChelmsford had. on July 5, 1879, conquered Cetewayo\\nand the Zulus; and Sir Garnet Wolseley accomplished\\na similar triumph over Sikukuni on November 28 of\\nthe same year. This settled the trouble with the natives,\\nand left the Transvaal free from fear of their depreda-\\ntions a somewhat tardy accomplishment of the relief\\nEngland had promised some two years previously as\\na part of the annexation contract.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "To Majuba Hill.\\nGreat was the disappointment of the Boers to learn,\\non receipt of Mr. Gladstone s letter (dated June 8, 1880),\\nthat no relief could be expected from that quarter. All\\nover the country a simmer of violence broke out. In\\nthe course of a month or two it manifested itself in a\\ndetermination to refuse to pay taxes. Toward the end\\nof the year this became an organized policy. The Brit-\\nish authorities selected a case for enforcement at Pot-\\nchefstroom. This rallied the Boers to a focus. A mass-\\nmeeting was held at Paarde Kraal. It lasted from De-\\ncember 8 to 13, and resulted in a determination to rise\\nin revolt.\\nUnder the leadership of Kruger, Joubert and Pre-\\ntorius, a decision was reached by the Boers at Krugers-\\ndorp, on December 8, 1880, to resist England and regain\\ntheir independence as a nation. Quick action followed\\nthis decision, and a hotly contested conflict at Brunck-\\ners Spruit resulted in the killing or wounding of 157 of\\nthe English soldiers.\\nEngland gave a quick response to this act by instruct-\\ning the Premier of South Africa, Sir Hercules Robinson,\\nto at once subdue the rebellion. An army was sent for-\\nward under command of Sir George Colley.\\nIn the meantime the Boers had taken possession of\\nLaing s Nek a particularly valuable position of defense,\\nbeing a mountainous pass connecting Natal with the\\nTransvaal, and on the direct route by which the British\\nforces must pass to invade the land of the Boers. On\\nJanuary 28, 1881, Sir George attacked the Boers, but\\nwas repulsed with* heavy loss. The forces on both sides\\nare variously estimated, but it is probably the fact that\\nthe Boers outnumbered the British. The latter un-\\ndoubtedly underestimated the fighting qualities of their\\nfarmer foes qualities with which they have since be-\\ncome better acquainted.", "height": "4324", "width": "2872", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "To Majuba Hill.\\n167\\nWithout waiting for reinforcements, Sir George again\\nadvanced, and another battle was waged at Ingogo\\nHeights, resulting in another defeat.\\nOn the night of February 26, General Colley, who\\nhad been reinforced by Sir Evelyn Wood s command,\\ntook possession of the lofty heights of Majuba Hill a\\nmountain 6,000 feet above sea level and 3,000 feet above\\nthe level of the surrounding country. His intent was\\nprobably to fortify this lofty point, deeming it impreg-\\nnable to assault. Be this as it rnay, the Boers scaled\\nthe hill the next day in the face of the British fire, divid-\\ning their forces in three sections. The rout of the Brit-\\nish was complete. General Colley and ninety-one others\\nwere killed in battle, and the Boers took fifty-nine ipris-\\noners.\\nThe following graphic account of the battle of Majuba\\nHill is by an English eye witness\\nSir George Colley had observed that Majuba Hill,\\nwhich overlooked the right of the Boer position, was\\nalways left unoccupied at night, although it was held by\\na Boer picket during the day. Fearing that if he de-\\nlayed taking the hill the Boers might fortify it as they\\nhad done Laing s Nek, he determined to hold it. In order\\nto do this, orders were given on Saturday, February 26,\\nfor 180 men of the Ninety-second (Gordon) Highlanders,\\nT48 men of the Fifty-eighth 1 50 Rifles, and 70 Blue-\\njackets to assemble at half-past nine that evening. Their\\ndestination was kept a profound secret until on the point of\\nstarting, and each man carried three days provisions and\\neighty rounds of ammunition. The expectation evident-\\nly was that Majuba Hill could be held for two or three\\ndays until reinforcements arrived with Sir Evelyn Wood,\\nand then the assault on Laing s Nek could be delivered.\\nThat was all very well if the Boers had waited, but they\\ndid not.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "To Majuba Hill.\\nIn silence the men marched three miles to Majuba Hill,\\nand then began the terrible climb of three hours duration.\\nTfte troops made their way to the back of the hill (its\\nsteepest part) to avoid detection by the Boers. The\\nascent was terrible. Burdened with rifles, haversacks,\\netc., the men had to crawl in the darkness on their stom-\\nachs, or pull themselves up steep declivities by the help\\nof growing plants. They reached the first height, but a\\nsecond, connected with the first by a ridge, had to be en-\\ncountered. However, about four o clock in the morning\\nthe top was reached, many of the men having lost much\\nof their ammunition. The top of the mountain, at a\\nheight of two thousand feet above the Boer encampment,\\nwas found to consist of a large basin on which the force\\ncould be easily posted. Two companies of Highlanders\\nwere left at the foot of the hill to keep communication\\nopen with Camp Prospect. The men were posted all\\nround at intervals of ten paces, leaving the Naval Brigade\\nand fifty men of the Fifty-eighth Regiment as a reserve\\nin the central hollow.\\nAt daybreak, wrote Mr. Cameron, the correspondent\\nof the London Standard, who was afterward taken pris-\\noner, the enemy s principal laager was about two thou-\\nsand yards distant. At sunrise the Boers were to be\\nseen moving in their lines; but it was not until nearly\\nan hour later that a party of mounted vedettes were seen\\ntrotting out toward the hill. As they approached our\\noutlying pickets fired upon them. The sound of our\\nguns was heard at the Dutch laager, and the whole scene\\nchanged as if by magic. In place of a few scattered\\nfigures there appeared on the scene swarms of men rush-\\ning hither and thither some ran to their horses, others to\\nthe wagons, and the work of inspanning the oxen and\\npreparing for an instant retreat commenced. But when\\nthe first panic abated it could be seen that some person", "height": "4320", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "To Majuba Hill 169\\nin authority had taken command. The greater portion\\nof the Boers began to move forward with the evident\\nintention of attacking us, but the work of preparing for\\na retreat in case of necessity still went on, and continued\\nuntil all the wagons were inspanned and ready to move\\naway; some, indeed, at once began to withdraw.\\nThe Boers opened fire about seven o clock, the air being\\nfilled with the whistling of their bullets. Up to eleven\\no clock the Boers lay round the hill and maintained a\\nconstant fire. Their shooting was exceedingly accurate,\\nand the stones behind which our men lay were struck by\\nevery shot.\\nOpposed to such shooting as this/ wrote Mr. Came-\\nron, there was no need to impress upon the men to keep\\nwell under cover. They only showed to take an occa-\\nsional shot and, accurate as was the enemy s shooting,\\nup to eleven o clock we had but five casualties. Four of\\nthe Ninety-second were slightly wounded. Twenty of\\nthis regiment, under Lieutenant Hamilton, held the point\\nwhich was most threatened by the Boers. Nothing could\\nexceed the steadiness of these Highlanders. Thev kept\\nwell under cover, and, although they fired but seldom,\\nthey killed eight or ten of the Boers who showed them-\\nselves from behind cover.\\nWe had been exposed to five hours of unceasing fire,\\nand had become accustomed to the constant humming of\\nbullets, which at noon almost ceased, when the general,\\nwearied with the exertions of the previous night, lay\\ndown to sleep. Communication by heliograph had been\\nestablished with the camp, and confidence in our ability\\nto hold our own had increased rather than abated. Lieu-\\ntenant Hamilton, however, who. with his few men, had\\nbeen opposing the enemy alone during the morning, did\\nnot share in the general assurance. A little after twelve,\\nhe came back from his position, to tell us that, having", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "170\\nTo Majuba Hill.\\nseen large numbers of the enemy pass to the hollow un-\\nderneath him, he feared that they were up to some devil-\\nment. Reinforcements were promised him, and he re-\\nturned to his post, but these did not reach him until it\\nwas almost too late.\\nShortly after this the comparative silence was broken\\nby the shrieking of sustained rifle fire. Lieutenant\\nWright, of the Ninety-second, who was shot through the\\nhelmet, rushed back shouting for reinforcements. The\\nGeneral, assisted by his staff, set about getting these for-\\nward, and then it was that it dawned upon a few that the\\nhill might be lost. It was quite evident that the men\\nhad no ambition to join the fighting line. They moved\\nforward very hesitatingly, but at last they were got over\\nthe ridge, where they lay down some distance behind\\nHamilton and his twenty Highlanders, who, although op-\\nposed to five hundred, did not budge an inch. Just at\\nthat moment some one ejaculated: Oh, there they are,\\nquite close! As soon as the men of the reinforcement,\\nwho, by the way, had not joined the twenty of the Ninety-\\nsecond, heard that remark, they bolted pell-mell. This\\nwas more than -flesh and blood could stand, and the tw r enty\\nHighlanders were forced to retire, the Boers making-\\nhavoc among the men.\\nI was on the left of the ridge, said Mr. Cameron,\\nwhen the men came back on us, and was a witness of\\nthe wild confusion which then prevailed. I saw Mac-\\ndonald of the Ninety-second (afterwards Brigadier-Gen-\\neral of Omdurman fame), revolver in hand, threaten to\\nshoot any man who passed him and. indeed, everybody\\nwas at work rallying the broken troops. Many, of\\ncourse, got away and disappeared over the side of the\\nhill to the camp; but some 150 good men Highlanders,\\nBluejackets and old soldiers of the Fifty-eighth re-\\nmained to man the ridge for the final stand.", "height": "4320", "width": "2884", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "To Majuba HilL\\ni? 1\\nThe Boers now appeared, and the fire that was ex-\\nchanged was fearful. Three times the Boers appeared\\nand three times withdrew. It was then that Lieutenant\\nHamilton of the Ninety-second asked the General to al-\\nlow his men to charge. His request was disallowed.\\nWait till they are closer, said the General. It was then\\ntoo late. Some of the Boer marksmen had got into se-\\ncure positions and were dropping the men, who fell fast\\nshot through the head. A bayonet charge would have\\nsettled the matter, for above all the Boers were stealing\\nround the exposed flanks.\\nWe were anxious about our right flank. It was evi-\\ndent/ continued Mr, Cameron, that the enemy were\\nstealing round it, so men were taken to prolong the posi-\\ntion there. They w r ere chiefly Bluejackets, led by a brave\\nyoung officer, and, as I watched them follow him up,\\nfor the third time that day, the conviction flashed across\\nmy mind that we should lose the hill. There was a knoll\\non the threatened point, up which the reinforcements hesi-\\ntated to climb. Some of them went back over the top\\nof the plateau to the further ridge, others went round.\\nBy and by there was confusion on the knoll itself. Some\\nof the men on it stood up, and were at once shot down\\nand at last the whole of those who were holding it gave\\nway. Helter-skelter they w r ere at once followed by the\\nBoers, who were then able to pour a volley into the flank\\nof the main line, from which instant the hill of Majuba\\nwas theirs. It was a sauve qui petit, Major Hay, Cap-\\ntain Singleton, of the Ninety-second, and some other offi-\\ncers were the last to leave, and these were immediately\\nshot down and-taken prisoners. The General had turned\\nround last of all to walk after his retreating troops, when\\nhe was also shot dead through the head. To move over\\nabout one hundred yards of ground under the fire of some\\nfive hundred rifles at close range is not a pleasant ex-", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "172\\nTo Majuba Hill.\\nperience. but it was wha t all who remained of us on that\\nhill that day had to go through. On every side men were\\nthrowing up their arms, and with sharp cries of agony\\nwere pitching forward on the ground. The Boers were\\nmstantly on the ridge above, and for about ten minutes\\nkept up their terrible fire on our soldiers, who plunged\\ndown every path. Many, exhausted with the night s\\nmarching and the clay s fightings unable to go any fur-\\nther, lay down behind the rocks and. bushes, and were\\nafterward taken prisoners but of those who remained\\nI the hill to the very last, probably not one in six got\\nclear away.\\nOn the following Tuesday a burial party was allowed\\nto go up the hill. Some of the dead were found with\\nterrible wounds, the result of the impact of the explosive\\nelephant bullet used by some of the Boers. Among the\\ndead was a color-sergeant, who had the company s money\\non his person. The burial party wished to place him at\\nthe bottom of the grave, but the Boers made the men\\nbury the body on the top. a few inches below ground,\\nfor reasons best known to themselves. The number of\\nkilled amounted to three officers and eighty-two men.\\nAt first the disaster looked worse than ft was, for the\\nofficial account reported that out of 35 officers and 693\\nmen, 20 officers and 266 men were killed, wounded or\\nmissing. However, this included a company of the\\nSixtieth, that did not take part in the fight. They were\\nleft to guard the line of communication with the camp.\\nMany officers and men afterward succumbed to their in-\\njuries.\\nThis signal defeat of the British was announced in\\nEngland two days later, and the Government dispatched\\nSir Frederick Roberts from England with a vast rein-\\nforcement.\\nWhether England was unwilling to risk a further con-", "height": "4284", "width": "2892", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "LATEST PORTRAIT OF SIR ALFRED MILNER.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4276", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "To Majuba Hill.\\n173\\nflict with the Boers, or that the sentiment of the Gov-\\nernment had suddenly changed in favor of granting\\nthe Transvaal the independence for which it was\\nfighting is a mooted question. Certain it is that Sir\\nEvelyn Wood was commissioned to negotiate with the\\nBoers, and on March 28, 1881, a treaty was concluded\\nat O Neill s farm, near Majuba Hill, in which the priv-\\nilege of self-government was restored to the Transvaal\\nRepublic, subject to the suzerainty of Her Majesty/\\nThus was the battle of Majuba Hill fought, and thus\\nthe Boers regained their independence.\\nWhether or not England would have succeeded in\\nsubduing the Boers, had the war not been called to a\\nhalt, is a question. Probably the advent of a stronger\\nforce would have resulted in defeat of the Boers.\\nCertain it is, however, that Englishmen have chafed\\nunder the record of Majuba Hill for years, and the war\\nof 1899 is being all the more fiercely waged from the\\nopportunity it affords to English arms to redeem the\\nrecord of that battle, which they feel is a disgrace to\\nthe British flag, and one which must be avenged.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV.\\nTHE SECOND REPUBLIC.\\nUp to this time (1881) the only special object England\\nhad to gain in retaining control of the Transvaal was\\nthe realization of the cherished plan of a united South\\nAfrican Federation. The Transvaal in itself was a\\nregion of farms and waste land not particularly profit-\\nable or productive, and not a province particularly de-\\nsirable, except as an integral part of a United Africa.\\nThis, perhaps, explains in a measure the reason why the\\nBritish Government so speedily concluded the retroces-\\nsion. There were not wanting Englishmen, both in\\nEngland and Africa, who gave reasons which were held\\nto justify the surrender to the Boers. They pointed to\\nthe fact that it was with great difficulty that President\\nBrand prevented the Free State burghers joining the\\nTransvaal Boers to the exasperation manifested by the\\nDutch Afrikanders in Cape Colony and Natal, and to\\nthe fact that the British Government were advised from\\nthe Cape that the continuance of the struggle would\\nprobably light up a race conflict throughout South\\nAfrica.\\nThe late Lord Derby succeeded Lord Kimberley as\\nColonial Secretary, and he listened favorably to an ap-\\nplication of President Kruger, which resulted in the\\nsubstitution of the convention of 1884 for that of 1881.\\nThis convention is the basis of the present relations be-\\ntween Great Britain and the Transvaal. By its terms\\nthe State was entitled to call itself the South African\\nRepublic whilst the control of foreign policy stipulated", "height": "4324", "width": "2856", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "The Second Republic.\\n175\\nfor in the convention of 1881 was reduced to the pro-\\nvision that the Republic should conclude no treaty with\\nany state or nation (other than the Oiange Free State)\\nwithout the consent of the Queen. Nothing is said in\\nthe convention about suzerainty/ but it is contended\\non behalf of the British that the suzerainty still subsists.\\nThis claim is, with good reason, disputed, and no less\\nan authority than Lord Derby himself declared, in 1884,\\nthat the specifications of the treaty included the right for\\nthe Boers to govern their country free from interference,\\nsubject only to the requirement that any treaty with a\\nforeign state (except the Orange Free State) should not\\nhave effect without approval of the Queen.\\nThe convention of 1884 would probably have settled\\nmatters between the Boers and the English for all time\\nto come had not an unforeseen and unexpected circum-\\nstance occurred. Gold was discovered in the Witwaters-\\nrand district, in the southwestern portion of the Repub-\\nlis, in the year 1886, and the deposit proving to be one\\nof the most valuable the world had ever known, a new\\nand troublesome factor was introduced into South Afri-\\ncan politics.\\nThis was not the first discovery of the kind within\\nTransvaal territory. Other and smaller deposits had\\nbeen the scenes of excitement in preceding years, but\\nthe unbounded wealth of the Rand was of greater mo-\\nment. It is probable that the Boers had for years known\\nof the mineral wealth of their territory, but, unwilling\\nto exchange their peaceful methods of life for the sake\\nof wealth-getting, they had concealed this knowledge\\nfrom the world.\\nAs the information of the inexhaustible wealth of the\\nRand country became noised abroad, people from all\\nparts of the world set their faces toward the new Gol-\\nconda. In 1887 the output of the mines was 43,000", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "176\\nTlte Second Republic.\\nounces. In 1888 it was 218,000 ounces; in 1889, 381,000\\nounces; in 1890, 491,000; in 1891, 729,000; in 18^2,\\n1,210,000 ounces; in 1893, 1,478,000 ounces; in 1894,\\n2,024,000 ounces and the annual product of succeeding\\nyears has been steadily increasing. Experts claim that\\nit will take nearly a hundred years to exhaust these rich\\ngold fields. The great city of Johannesburg arose as\\nif by magic. Thousands made it their home. The alien\\npopulation of the Transvaal soon outnumbered the\\nBoers.\\nTo these newcomers the term Uitlanders (outland-\\ners) was applied.\\nThis vast new population wished many concessions,\\nsuch as the right of voting and securing election to the\\nVolksraad. They claimed that they were unjustly taxed\\nand imposed upon by the Boers. They demanded cer-\\ntain reforms, which the Boers were unwilling to grant.\\nHence arose the Jameson raid and the Franchise dis-\\nputes, the latter of which ultimately resulted in the pres-\\nent war. These subjects will be more fully explained\\nin the next chapter.", "height": "4284", "width": "2876", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER Y\\nTHE JAMESON RAID.\\nIn the convention of 1884 nothing was said regarding\\nthe extension of the right to vote to newcomers in the\\nTransvaal. President Kruger had said, in response to\\ninquiry, that but a slight difference would be made in\\nthe case of Uitlanders who desired to acquire burgher\\nrights. Under the law of 1882, a five-years residence\\nwas required. The rush of newcomers during the years\\nsucceeding the discovery of gold was so great that, in\\n1894, there were 70,000 Boers, 62,000 British subjects,\\nand 15,000 other foreigners in the country. From this it\\nwill be seen that, had the Uitlanders all been permitted\\nto vote, they would have outvoted the Boers and prac-\\ntically assumed charge of the affairs of the country. Once\\nin possession of power, the Uitlanders could easily have\\nvoted for re-annexation to the British Empire, and carried\\ntheir point by a majority vote of the Volksraad.\\nThis possible contingency greatly alarmed the Boers,\\nand they resolved to hedge the franchise with such re-\\nquirements regarding term of residence, etc., as would\\nrender it impossible for the Uitlanders to secure control\\nof the Government. The instinct of self-preservation\\nimpelled them to this course, and who can blame them\\nIt is true that the alien population had been the means\\nof transforming a poverty-stricken Government into one\\nof wealth had enabled President Kruger to have a mag-\\nnificent state-house constructed, to build railroads and to\\ndevelop the country.\\nBut the gold with which this was accomplished was a", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "i 7 8\\nThe Jameson Raid.\\npart of the natural wealth of the land. The Boers were\\nwilling that the gold should be taken away if they were\\nproperly remunerated, but they insisted on retaining to\\nthemselves their Government, for which they had fought\\nand struggled so many years.\\nConsequently, in 1887, the length of residence neces-\\nsary to secure a franchise was extended to fifteen years.\\nA new branch of legislature was established, called the\\nSecond Raad, and Uitlanders were eligible to election\\nto this body after a four-years residence. As the actions\\nof this new house were subject to approval by the First\\nRaad before they became laws, this concession amounted\\nto but little. A legislative body with no power of inde-\\npendent action was a useless institution and of no satis-\\nfaction to the Uitlanders.\\nFurther amendments to the electoral laws, enacted be-\\ntween 1887 and 1894, made it impossible for any Uit-\\nlander~to become a voter without renouncing allegiance\\nto other governments. This would seem to an American\\nto be perfectly just, as the renunciation of all former al-\\nlegiances is made a prerequisite to naturalization in the\\nUnited States.\\nThe Englishmen in the Transvaal wished, however, to\\nbecome voters in that Republic without renouncing their\\nallegiance to the British Government, and upon this point\\nthey stood firm. The Boers were just as firmly deter-\\nmined that this should not be.\\nEfforts were made by the British Government to have\\nthe term of residence necessary to franchise reduced to\\nfive years, and to permit Englishmen to vote, but all such\\novertures were rejected by President Kruger.\\nIt is well at this point to mention Cecil Rhodes, one\\nof the most prominent characters in modern South Afri-\\ncan history. This remarkable man has had such an in-\\nfluence on the history of South Africa that no history", "height": "4324", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "The Jameson Raid.\\n179\\nof that region would be complete without some mention\\nof his career. Mr. Rhodes, whose full name and title is\\nthe Right Honorable Cecil John Rhodes, is the fourth\\nson of the Rev. Francis W. Rhodes, rector of Bishop\\nStortford, England. He was educated at Oxford, and\\nweak lungs and consequent fear of consumption drove\\nhim to Africa, where, as an active and energetic young\\nman, he soon took a prominent part in the political field\\nof his chosen home. In 1884 he was appointed Treas-\\nurer-General of Cape Colony, followed almost immediate-\\nly by an appointment as Deputy Commissioner of Bechu-\\nanaland. In 1889 he was chosen Director-General of the\\nBritish South African Company, an institution which had\\nbeen fostered and prompted mainly by his ability, and\\nwhich became at once a leading factor in the develop-\\nment of the British interests in that territory. The head\\nof the greatest of England s interests in Africa w r as a\\nnatural choice for the vacant premiership, and from 1890\\nto 1894 he administered the affairs of Cape Colony, mean-\\nwhile holding the various positions of Chairman of the\\nSouth African Company, director of the great De Beers\\nmines at Kimberley, and Commissioner of Crown Lands.\\nIn 1894 he was made Minister of Native Affairs, and re-\\nlieved of his premiership.\\nMr. Rhodes is, undoubtedly, a man of marked ability\\na first-class promoter and while his schemes for the set-\\ntlement and development of Rhodesia (the British terri-\\ntory lying north and west of the Transvaal) have been\\nto some extent Utopian, it cannot be denied that, what-\\never may be Mr. Rhodes faults, he has certainly done\\nmuch for Africa and the Afrikanders.\\nIn 1871 Cecil Rhodes was a thin-faced, lanky lad of\\neighteen, with dull eyes. His countenance did not\\nsuggest intelligence and indicated nothing of force,\\nThat was only twenty-eight years ago. Now he is the", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "iSo\\nThe Jameson Raid.\\ndiamond king, the gold king, the railroad builder, the\\nmulti-millionaire among multi-millionaires in his private\\nhumdrum capacity. In his public capacity he is the\\nfounder of a vast empire, a statesman who in Gladstone s\\ntime was counted second only to the Grand Old Man\\nhimself; since Gladstone s death counted second to none\\nin all the vast British dominions for relentless force and\\nsheer weight of personal power.\\nIt naturally would be a good deal of a man who could\\nmake hatred for himself the one overshadowing passion\\nof a character so broad and full of force as that of Kruger.\\nIt is impossible to think of the Transvaal leader indulg-\\ning himself in real hatred for anything smaller than a\\ngiant.\\nIt is no use for us to have big ideals/ said Rhodes\\nonce, in conversation with his friend, Chinese Gordon,\\nunless we have money tp carry them out.\\nThat sentiment was the keynote of his early career in\\nSouth Africa. He had big ideals and he needed a colos-\\nsal fortune to carry them out. So he went and got the\\ncolossal fortune, just as a carpenter would go and get his\\ntools to do a piece of work. His one ideal, around which\\nall other ideals centred, was a vast United States of South\\nAfrica. His dream was a compact federated nation like\\nthe United States of America. When the home rule\\nagitation was going on in England he exclaimed impa-\\ntiently\\nWhy don t they go and read the Constitution of the\\nUnited States instead of speculating on this and doubting\\nabout that? There is no speculation or doubt about it.\\nHome rule is not an experiment. It has been worked\\nout and solved in the United States for more than a hun-\\ndred years.\\nAnother time, commenting on the vilification that was", "height": "4324", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "The Jameson Raid.\\n181\\nbeing poured in the English papers on South African\\nambitions, and on him personally, he said\\nThat is the sort of talk that led to Bunker Hill. I\\nam loyal. The Cape is loyal. But continued injustice\\nand misrepresentation will alienate the most loyal. If\\nEngland interferes with us well, the United States of\\n{South Africa is not an ill-sounding name.\\nAs to his wealth, some place it at $75,000,000 and some\\nat $150,000,000, and a figure between the two is prob-\\nably about right. In his money-getting days he was a\\nmoney-getter and fond of money and that which repre-\\nsents money. The story is still told of him in Kimberley\\nthat he filled a pail full of diamonds, all his own, and\\npoured out the glittering heap again and again with al-\\nmost childish pleasure.\\nBut that epoch quickly passed, and he turned to graver\\nthings.\\nHe would now no more think of hoarding money/ 5\\nsaid an acquaintance of his recently, than a party leader\\nwould think of hoarding votes. To him a million pounds\\nsimply means a lever, an instrument of power.\\nIt is impossible for those who see him now to think\\nof him as ever having been a weakling sent abroad to die.\\nHe is six feet one inch tall in his shoes, and heavy and\\nmuscular in proportion. His appearance is a marvel.\\nChief Lobengula called him the man who eats a whole\\ncountry for his dinner.\\nHe had the face of a Caesar, the ambition of a Loyola,\\nand the wealth of Croesus, says one writer.\\nHis gray eyes, somewhat sunken in their orbits, have\\nan almost melancholy expression, in curious contrast with\\nthe bold resolution of the other features. Washington\\nhad such eyes so did Lincoln. In speech Cecil Rhodes\\nis simple and direct, and in manner frank He has waged\\nseveral fierce wars with natives, he is building a railway", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "182\\nTtie Jameson Raid.\\nand telegraph line from Cairo to the Gape, to say nothing\\nof the lines he has built in the Cape country itself, he has\\nfounded an empire and he is but forty-six years old.\\nYet his great reproach against himself is that he is lazy\\nhas led, on the whole, rather an indolent life.\\nThe Jameson raid grew out of the franchise troubles\\nin the Transvaal, combined with many other alleged\\ngrievances, such as the commandeering of British sub-\\njects and the dynamite monopoly. The denial of elec-\\ntoral rights to the immigrants the majority of whom\\nwere British subjects caused great unrest among the in-\\nhabitants of the Rand, and appeals for help to the High\\nCommissioner and to the Colonial Office were frequent.\\nThe Liberal Government of that day took cognizance of\\nthe Uitlanders position, and in a dispatch to Sir H. B.\\nLoch, Governor of the Cape at that time, dated October\\n19, 1894, Lord Ripon, the Colonial Secretary, pointed\\nout the increasing stringency of the conditions by which\\na majority of adult males, bearing the chief part of the\\npublic burdens, were excluded from all share in the man-\\nagement of public affairs. He went on to say: The\\nperiod of residence, which constitutes the most important\\ncondition of naturalization, differs in different countries,\\nbut there is a very general concensus of opinion among\\ncivilized States that five years is a sufficiently long period\\nof probation, and Her Majesty s Government would wish\\nyou to press upon the Government of the Republic the\\nview that the period in this case should not exceed that\\nlimit as regards the right to vote in the first Volksraad,\\nwhich is the dominant body, and in Presidential elec-\\ntions.\\nLord Ripon s advice was unheeded by President Kru-\\nger and the Boers, and the agitation for a change in the\\nconditions grew in strength. The Transvaal National\\nUnion, a body which had been in existence some years,", "height": "4284", "width": "2864", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "The Jameson Raid.\\n183\\nconducted its agitation openly, but its efforts met with no\\nsuccess, petitions to the Raad being uniformly unsuccess-\\nful. At this period the leaders in what is properly de-\\nscribed as constitutional agitation were approached by\\nothers, whose methods were not peaceful, and whose ob-\\nject was not the reform of the constitution o r the Repub-\\nlic, but the substitution of English rule. I did not/ said\\nMr. Rhodes to the House of Commons, in explanation of\\nhis alleged complicity in the raid, wish to substitute\\nPresident J. B. Robinson for President Kruger.\\nA number of agitators decided to take matters in their\\nown hands and obtain by force what fair means could\\nnot accomplish. Accordingly a number of leading cit-\\nizens of Johannesburg sent a letter to Dr. Jameson, the\\nAdministrator of Rhodesia, at Mafeking, stating that the\\nposition of matters in the Transvaal had become so crit-\\nical that at no distant period there would be a conflict\\nbetween the Government and the Uitlander population.\\nAfter making strong complaints of both the internal and\\nexternal policy of the Boer Government, the letter pro-\\nceeded to declare that in the event of a conflict thousands\\nof unarmed men, women and children would be at the\\nmercy of well-armed Boers, while property of enormous\\nvalue would be in the greatest peril. The signatories of\\nthe letter stated that they felt they were justified in taking\\nany steps to prevent the shedding of blood and to insure\\nthe protection of their rights, and they, therefore, were\\nconstrained to call Dr. Jameson to their aid.\\nDr. Jameson gathered a force together and entered\\nthe Transvaal on January 1, 1896. He had with him a\\ncontingent of the Bechuanaland troops, with six Maxims,\\nbut for months before the Boers had been on the alert.\\nThey noted that horses were being bought, and on in-\\nquiry found that volunteers in England were not provid-\\ned with horses. The Boer spies soon discovered that the", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "184\\nThe Jameson Raid.\\ntroops were not volunteers, in the military* sense of the\\nword, but men who were about to march on Johannes-\\nburg. At Krugersdorp, Jameson expected to find 2,000\\ngood men and true from Johannesburg, but they were\\nnot there, so he and his 460 men had to face 2,000 Boers\\nin a strong position. For eleven hours the troopers\\nfought, but the Boers were not to be conquered. The\\ncolumn then moved southward, fighting hard on its way\\nto Johannesburg. Through the whole night the firing\\nwas kept up, and in the morning the column again faced\\nthe Boers at Doornkop, six miles from Johannesburg.\\nStill the Uitlanders did not appear, and the column\\nfought on against overwhelming odds, until having used\\nall the cartridges and having had no food for twenty-four\\nhours, they had to give in. x\\\\t the same time the white\\nflag was not hoisted by Dr. Jameson s orders-\\nDr. Jameson and his officers were taken prisoners, and\\neventually handed over to Great Britain. They were\\ntried at Bow Street on the charge of having unlawfully\\nprepared and fitted out a military expedition to proceed\\nagainst the dominions of a friendly State. The principals\\nwere found guilty and sentenced to various terms of im-\\nprisonment, but were afterward pardoned and reinstated.\\nThe names of the officers engaged in the raid were Dr,\\nJameson, Major Sir John C. Willoughby, Major the Hon.\\nHenry F. White, Captain Raleigh Grey, Captain the Hon.\\nRobert White, Major John B. Stracey, Captain C. H.\\nVilliers, Lieut. K. J. Kincaid Smith, Lieutenant H. M.\\nGrenfell, C. P. Foley, Captain C. L. D. Muaro, Captain\\nC. F. Lindsell, Captain E, C. S. Holden, Major the Hon.\\nC. Coventry and Captain Audley V. Gosling.\\nMr. Rhodes was more than suspected of complicity in\\nthis affair, but, as no positive proof was forthcoming, he\\nw r as let dow r n easily, and this incident was closed to all\\noutward appearances.", "height": "4284", "width": "2872", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI.\\nTHE CAUSES 01? THE PRESENT WAR.\\nAlthough the bold attempt of Dr. Jameson and his fol-\\nlowers to bring the Boers to terms by an unauthorized\\nand unjustified raid on a friendly power had failed, the\\nUitlanders were by no means willing to give up the cause\\nfor which they had instigated the demonstration. Violent\\nmeasures having failed, diplomacy was again brought\\ninto play.\\nAt this time the franchise laws stood about as follows,\\nas per enactments of 1891\\nTo be eligible to citizenship a newcomer must have\\nsigned his name on the field-cornets roll within four-\\nteen days of his arrival.\\nTwo years thereafter he was entitled to take out a cer-\\ntificate of naturalization. This enabled him to vote for\\nthe second Volksraad and two years later to be elected\\nto membership if thirty years of age.\\nTwelve years after naturalization, if forty years of age,\\nand indorsed by three-fourths of the burghers in the dis-\\ntrict, he might vote for the first Raad and if sufficiently\\npopular, be elected to that body.\\nTo acquire all these privileges he must, at the time of\\nnaturalization, subscribe to the following oath\\nI desire to become a burgher of the South African\\nRepublic, abandon, give up, and relinquish all obedience,\\nfealty, and the obligations of a subject to all and any\\nforeign sovereigns, presidents, states, and sovereignties,\\nand more especially the Sovereign, President, the State, or\\nSovereignty of whom I have hitherto been a subject and", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "1 86 The Causes of the Present War.\\nburgher, and as subject take the oath of fealty and obedi-\\nence to the Government and laws of the people of the\\nSouth African Republic.\\nIt will be seen that the acquirement of citizenship in\\nthe Transvaal Republic was by no means an easy task.\\nThe oath of allegiance left the prospective citizen for\\ntwelve years a man with no privileges, but many obliga-\\ntions.\\nThe requirements were more stringent than would\\nseem necessary, and it would appear that the Boers had\\nerred on the side of unnecessary restriction. When it\\nis considered, however, that these Dutch farmers felt that\\ntheir very existence as a nation was at stake, some excuse\\nmay be urged for their stringency. They had not invited\\nthe Uitlanders to come to their country. They, in fact,\\nresented their presence, despite the wealth it had brought\\nthem.\\nViewing the case calmly and dispassionately, injustice\\nappears on one side and unjust demands on the other.\\nThe English wanted too much, and the Boers would con-\\ncede too little. Johannesburg, a vast and thriving mu-\\nnicipality, was not allowed the privileges and advantages\\nof a municipal government*\\nThe Boers governed the city to their liking. Undoubt-\\nedly many cases of unjust persecution existed. The Eng-\\nlish cite many instances of brutality and inhumanity on\\nthe part of the Boer police toward the British subjects\\nresiding in Johannesburg.\\nBut are overbearing acts on the part of the police un-\\nknown in New York or London\\nThe immorality and vice which flourishes in every min-\\ning camp was more than unusually in evidence in Johan-\\nnesburg. The Boers, nurtured in a strict religious creed,\\nwere shocked at such a state of affairs, and adopted\\ndrastic measures to reform the city. That they over-", "height": "4324", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "The Causes of the Present War. 187\\nstepped the bounds of justice at times there is no reason\\nto doubt. The Transvaal Boers are not angels neither\\nare the English (or other people, for that matter) whom\\na greed for gold has drawn to the modern Golconda.\\nThe race hatred which existed caused the Boers to pass\\nmany obnoxious laws from time to time, much to the\\ndiscomfort of the Johannesburg residents.\\nIn i S98 the Uitlanders resolved to endeavor to obtain\\nan adjustment for their grievances by an appeal to the\\nBritish Government. Consequently, a document was pre-\\npared and duly forwarded.\\nThis petition cited the oppression under which they\\nchafed the laws that they felt to be unjust, and the\\nefforts which they had put forth to obtain an amicable\\nadjustment of their troubles.\\nThe following is the text of their complaint\\nFor a number of years, prior to 1896, considerable dis-\\ncontent existed among the Uitlander population of the\\nSouth African Republic, caused by the manner in which\\nthe Government of the country was being conducted.\\nThe great majority of the Uitlander population consists\\nof British subjects. It was, and is, notorious that the\\nUitlanders have no share in the government of the coun-\\ntry, although they constitute an absolute majority of the\\ninhabitants of this State, possess a very large portion of\\nthe land, and represent the intellect, wealth, and energy\\nof the State. The feelings of intense irritation w T hich have\\nbeen aroused by this state of things have been aggravated\\nby the manner in which remonstrances have been met.\\nHopes have been held out and promises have been made\\nby the Government of this State from time to time, but\\nno practical amelioration of the conditions of life has re-\\nsulted. Petitions, signed by large numbers of Your\\nMajesty s subjects, have been repeatedly addressed to the\\nGovernment of this State, but have failed of their efifect,", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "188 The Causes of tlie Present War.\\nand have even been scornfully rejected. At the end of\\n1895 the discontent culminated in an armed insurrection\\nagainst the Government of this State, which, however,\\nfailed of its object. On that occasion the people of Johan-\\nnesburg placed themselves unreservedly in the hands of\\nYour High Commissioner, in the fullest confidence that\\nhe would see justice done to them. On that occasion\\nalso President Kruger published a proclamation, in which\\nhe again held out hopes of substantial reforms. Instead,\\nhowever, of the admitted grievances being redressed, the\\nspirit of the legislation adopted by the Volksraad during\\nthe past few years has been of a most unfriendly char-\\nacter, and has made the position of the Uitlanders more\\nirksome than before. In proof of the above statement.\\nYour Majesty s petitioners would humbly refer to such\\nmeasures as the following:\\nThe Immigration of Aliens Act (Law 30 of 1896).\\nThe Press Law (Law 26 of 1896).\\nThe Aliens Expulsion Law of 1896.\\nOf these, the first was withdrawn at the instance of\\nYour Majesty s Government, as being an infringement\\nof the London convention of 1884.\\nNotwithstanding the evident desire of the Government\\nto legislate solely in the interests of the burghers, and\\nimpose undue burdens on the Uitlanders, there was still\\na hope that the declaration of the President on the 30th\\nof December, 1896, had some meaning-, and that the Gov-\\nernment would duly consider grievances properly brought\\nbefore its notice. Accordingly, in the early part of 1897,\\nsteps were taken to bring to the notice of the Govern-\\nment the alarming depression of the mining industry, and\\nthe reasons which, in the opinions of men well qualified\\nto judge, had led up to it. The Government at last ap-\\npointed a commission consisting of its own officials, which\\nwas empowered to inquire into the industrial conditions", "height": "4284", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "The Causes of the Present War. 189\\nof the mining population, and to suggest such a scheme\\nfor the removal of existing grievances as might seem ad-\\nvisable and necessary. On the 5th of August the com-\\nmission issued their report, in which the reasons for the\\nthen state of depression were duly set forth, and many\\nreforms were recommended as necessary for the well-\\nbeing of the community. Among them it will be suffi-\\ncient to mention the appointment of an Industrial Board,\\nhaving its seat in Johannesburg, for the special super-\\nvision of the Liquor Law,- and the Pass Law, and to\\ncombat the illicit dealing in gold and amalgam. The\\nGovernment refused to accede to the report of the com-\\nmission, which was a standing indictment against its ad-\\nministration in the past, but referred the question to the\\nVolksraad, which in turn referred it to a select committee\\nof its own members. The result created -consternation in\\nJohannesburg, for, whilst abating in some trifling re-\\nspects burdens which bore heavily on the mining industry,\\nthe committee of the Raad, ignoring the main recom-\\nmendations of the commission, actually advised an in-\\ncreased taxation of the country, and that in a way which\\nbore most heavily on the Uitlander. The suggestions of\\nthe committee were at once adopted, and the tariff in-\\ncreased accordingly.\\nAt the beginning of 1897 the Government went a step\\nfurther in their aggressive policy toward the Uitlander,\\nand attacked the independence of the High Court, which\\nuntil then Your Majesty s subjects had regarded as the\\nsole remaining safeguard of their civil rights. Early in\\nthat year Act No. 1 was rushed through the Volksraad\\nwith indecent haste. This high-handed act was not al-\\nlowed to pass without criticism; but the Government,\\ndeaf to all remonstrance, threatened reprisals on those\\nprofessional men who raised their voices in protest, and\\nfinally, on the 16th of February, 1898, dismissed the Chief", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "190 The Causes of the Present War.\\njustice, Mr. J. G. Kotze, for maintaining his opinions.\\nHis place was filled shortly afterward by Mr. Gregorow-\\nski, the judge who had been especially brought from the\\nOrange Free State to preside over the trial of the Re-\\nform prisoners in 1896, and who, after the passing of\\nthe act above referred to, had expressed an opinion that\\nno man of self-respect would sit on the bench whilst\\nthat law remained on the statute book of the republic.\\nAll the judges at the time thisiaw was passed condemned\\nit in a formal protest, publicly read by the Chief Justice\\nin the High Court, as a gross interference with the inde-\\npendence of that tribunal. That protest has never been\\nmodified or retracted, and of the five judges who signed\\nthe declaration three still sit on the bench.\\nThe constitution and personnel of the police force is\\none of the standing menaces to the peace of Johannes-\\nburg. It has already been the subject of remonstrance\\nto the Government of this Republic, but hitherto without\\navail. An efficient police force cannot be drawn from a\\npeople such as the burghers of this State nevertheless,\\nthe Government refuses to open its ranks to any other\\nclass of the community. As a consequence, the safety of\\nthe lives and property of the inhabitants is confided in a\\nlarge measure to the care of men fresh from the country\\ndistricts, who are unaccustomed to town life, and igno-\\nrant of the ways and requirements of the people. When\\nit is considered that this police force is armed with re-\\nvolvers in addition to the ordinary police truncheons, it\\nis not surprising that, instead of a defense, they are abso-\\nlutely a danger to the community at large. Encouraged\\nand abetted by the example of their superior officers, the\\npolice have become lately more aggressive than ever in\\ntheir attitude toward British subjects. As, however, re-\\nmonstrances and appeals to the Government were useless,\\nthe indignities to which Your Majesty s subjects were", "height": "4328", "width": "2744", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "Causes of the Present War. 191\\ndaily exposed from this source had to be endured- as best\\nthey might. Public indignation was at length fully\\nroused by the death at the hands of a police constable of\\na British subject named Tom Jackson Edgar. The cir-\\ncumstances of this affair were bad enough in themselves,\\nbut were accentuated by the action of the Public Prose-\\ncutor, who, although the accused was charged with mur-\\nder, on his own initiative reduced the charge to that of\\nculpable homicide only, and released the prisoner on the\\nrecognizance of his comrades in the police force, the bail\\nbeing fixed originally at \u00c2\u00a3200, or less than the amount\\nwhich is commonly demanded for offenses under the\\nliquor law, or for charges of common assault.\\nThe condition of Your Majesty s subjects in this State\\nhas indeed become well-nigh intolerable. The acknowl-\\nedged and admitted grievances of which Your Majesty s\\nsubjects complain prior to 1895 not only are not re-\\ndressed, but exist to-day in an aggravated form. They\\nare still deprived of all political rights, they are denied\\nany voice in the government of the country, they are\\ntaxed far above the requirements of the country, the\\nrevenue of which is misapplied and devoted to objects\\nwhich keep alive a continuous and well founded feeling\\nof irritation, without in any way advancing the general\\ninterests of the State. Maladministration and pecula-\\ntion of public moneys go hand in hand, without any vig-\\norous measures being adopted to put a stop to the scandal.\\nThe education of Uitlander children is made subject to\\nimpossible conditions. The police afford no adequate\\nprotection to the lives and property of the inhabitants of\\nJohannesburg; they are rather a source of danger to the\\npeace and safety of the Uitlander population.\\nA further grievance has become prominent since the\\nbeginning of the year. The power vested in the Govern-\\nment by means of the Public Meetings Act has been a\\nr", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "194 Causes of the Present War.\\nthose presented by the British High Commissioner at\\nBloemfontein. It is also of the opinion that the condi-\\ntions attached to these proposals are reasonable.\\nThe Transvaal never desired Great Britain to aban-\\ndon any rights possessed by virtue of the London Con-\\nvention of 1884 or by virtue of international law. The\\nTransvaal still hopes that these declarations will lead to\\na good understanding and a solution of the existing diffi-\\nculties.\\nWith regard to the question of suzerainty, the Trans-\\nvaal Government refers to the dispatch of April 16, 1898,\\nand considers it unnecessary to repeat that dispatch.\\nThe Transvaal Government has already made known\\nto the British agent its objections to accepting the pro-\\nposals contained in the British High Commissioner s tele-\\ngram of August 2, suggesting the appointment of dele-\\ngates to draw up a report on the last electoral law voted\\nby the Volksraad. If the one-sided examination referred\\nto in the last British dispatch should show that the ex-\\nisting electoral law can be made more efficacious, the\\nTransvaal Government is ready to make a proposal to the\\nVolksraad with this object. It is also disposed to furnish\\nall the information and enlightenment possible, but is of\\nopinion that the result of such an inquiry, so far as re-\\ngards a useful appreciation of the law, will be of little\\nvalue. Nevertheless, the Government is very desirous of\\nsatisfying Great Britain in the matter of the electoral law\\nand the representation of the mining districts.\\nIn reference to England s further proposal for a joint\\ninquiry, the document states\\nConsidering that by these proposals Great Britain does\\nnot aim at any interference in the affairs of the Trans-\\nvaal, and that the action would not be regarded as a prece-\\ndent, but has solely for its object to ascertain whether\\nthe franchise law fulfills its purpose, the Transvaal Gov-", "height": "4407", "width": "2752", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "Causes of the Present War. 195\\nernment will await the ulterior proposals of Great Britain\\nas to the eventual constitution of such commission, as\\nwell as the place and time of meeting.\\nThe Transvaal Government further proposes at an\\nearly date to send a new reply to the letter of July 27,\\nand expresses satisfaction that Great Britain has declared\\na readiness to negotiate on the question of a court of arbi-\\ntration. It says it would like to learn, however, whether\\nthe Free State burghers would be admitted to such a\\ncourt, and what would be the scope of the court s discus-\\nsions, it appearing to the Transvaal Government that the\\nrestrictions imposed will prevent the attainment of the\\nobjects aimed at. With regard to the ulterior conference\\nthe Transvaal awaits the communications of Great\\nBritain.\\nIn spite of this frank expression of a willingness on the\\npart of the Transvaal to agree to any reasonable plan of\\nnegotiations, Mr. Chamberlain issued the following reply\\non September 22\\nThe Imperial Government are now compelled to con-\\nsider the situation afresh and formulate proposals for a\\nfinal settlement of the issues which have been created in\\nSouth Africa by the policy constantly followed for many\\nyears by the Government of the South African Republic\\n(the Transvaal).\\nThey will communicate the result of their delibera-\\ntions in a later dispatch/\\nThis practically broke off negotiations.\\nAfter waiting until October 9th for further word from\\nthe British Government, the Boers sent a repetition of\\nthe demand for arbitration and a request for the cessation\\nof the massing of British troops on their borders, as a\\nmenace to them in the existing strained relations.\\nThis ultimatum from President Kruger was unan-\\nswered, and was immediately followed by an invasion of", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "196 Causes of the Present War.\\nthe British territory of Natal by the Boers, who felt that\\nwar was no longer to be averted. For a month the Eng-\\nlish had been sending troops to the front. During the\\nsame period the Boers had been preparing for a defensive\\nand offensive campaign. The last efforts of displomatic\\ncommunication had been exhausted.\\nThe forces of the Orange Free State, the allies and\\nfriends of the Boers, joined with them, under an existing\\nagreement, by which each country stood pledged to assist\\nthe other in w r ar.\\nWhile the Orange Free State had maintained an un-\\nbroken independence from 1854, and escaped the troubles\\nwhich fell to the lot of the Transvaal, the two republics\\nhad always been united to each other by ties of friendship\\nand of blood. Hence the burghers of the Free State and\\nthose of the Transvaal are fighting side by side.", "height": "4276", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII.\\nA FEW STATISTICS.\\nBefore entering into a record of the events of the pres-\\nent war it is well to consider the resources and fighting\\nstrength of the Republics and the Empire that are pitted\\nagainst each other.\\nThe area of the Transvaal is 119,139 square miles; the\\nestimated white population, 345,397, and the native popu-\\nlation, 748,759. The fighting strength is estimated at\\n15,000, and that of the Orange Free State at 6,000. They\\nare well armed and equipped, and in the event of a fair\\nmeasure of success will undoubtedly be able to augment\\nthis force by recruits from Cape Colony and other British\\nterritory, from the Dutch population, or Afrikander\\nelement. In fact, it may be safely stated that hundreds,\\nif not thousands, of the Boers who reside in British terri-\\ntory have already joined forces with their compatriots\\nin the Transvaal.\\nThe Orange Free State contains 48,326 square miles,\\nwith a population (in 1890) of 77,716 whites and 129,787\\nnatives. The present president is M. T. Steyn, and the\\nform of government is very similar to that of the Trans-\\nvaal.\\nNatal contains 35,000 square miles, 61,000 white popu-\\nlation and 768,000 blacks.\\nCape Colony contains 231,276 square miles and has\\na population of 956,485, of which about three-fourths are\\nblacks.\\nThe area of Southern Rhodesia is 174,728 square miles.\\nNorthern Rhodesia is practically boundless, including all", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "A Few Statistics.\\nBritish possessions and unexplored regions north of the\\nZambesi River. Southern Rhodesia includes all of Brit-\\nish South Africa from the Zambesi to Cape Colony. Its\\nestimated native population is 450,000.\\nR Ally WAY DISTANCES IN SOUTH AFRICA.\\nCape Town to Miles,\\nDe Aar 501\\nKimberley 647\\nVryburg 774\\nMafeking 870\\nRamathlabama 882\\nPalpye 1133\\nBuluwayo 1361\\nNaauwpoort 570\\nNorval s Pont 628\\nBloemfontein 750\\nViljoen s Drift 959\\nJohannesburg 1014\\nPretoria 1040/\\nDelagoa Bay to\\nKomati Poort 58\\nPretoria 349\\nJohannesburg 395\\nP. Elizabeth to\\nNaauwpoort 270\\nNorval s Pont 328\\nBloemfontein 450\\nViljoen s Drift 659\\nJohannesburg 714\\nPretoria 740\\nDurban to\\nPietermaritzburg 70\\nLadysmith 189", "height": "4284", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "A Few Statistics.\\n199\\nHarrismith\\nGlencoe\\nNewcastle\\nLaing s Nek\\nCharlestown\\nVolksrust\\nJohannesburg\\nPretoria\\n249\\n231\\n268\\n301\\n304\\n308\\n483\\n5ii\\nThe British forces in South Africa at the opening of the\\nwar, and their disposition, is thus described by an English\\nwriter\\nFor some time after the Boers concentrated on the\\nfrontier of the Transvaal the British public was greatly\\nconcerned whether the Imperial forces then at the out-\\nposts were strong enough to resist a Boer raid before\\nreinforcements arrived. However, the Natal field force\\nwas reinforced by six thousand men from India Royal\\nArtillery, Fifth Dragoon Guards, Gordon Highlanders,\\nThird Rifles, with other details.\\nStrong positions were taken up at Glencoe, Dundee,\\nNewcastle and Ladysmith, on the Natal border. Gen.\\nSir George White, V. C, with Maj.-Gen. Sir Archi-\\nbald Hunter as Chief of Staff, commanded the Natal\\nforce, which, roughly speaking, was fifteen thousand\\nstrong. At Dundee there was a large camp of the King s\\nRoyal Rifles, Fifth Lancers, Tenth Hussars, First Leices-\\nter Regiment, Second Royal Dublin Fusiliers, the Man-\\nchester Regiment, Natal Mounted Rifles, six Maxim\\nguns, the Natal Field Artillery, an armored train, and\\nthe Durban Light Infantry.\\nWithin fifty miles of the Transvaal border there are at\\nleast ten railway bridges built of steel, with a span of\\none hundred feet. The most important ones are those\\nover the Ingagane River, forty-one miles from Charles-\\ntown, consisting of three spans of one-hundred feet each\\nover the Incandu River at Newcastle, three spans of one\\nhundred and eighty feet; the Ingogo bridge, thirty-five\\nmiles from the border, and the Coldstream bridge, of", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "200\\nA Few Statistics.\\nforty feet span, through which runs a wire fence, forming\\nthe boundary between Natal and the Transvaal. In the\\nevent of the Boers destroying these bridges, the British\\ntroops w T ill suffer greatly.\\nGen. Sir Forestier- Walker, who commands the\\nforces on the Kimberley side of the Transvaal, has a\\ngood fighting contingent under him. At Mafekihg Col.\\nBaden-Powell and Col. Plumer command crack shots\\nand rough riders who took part in the recent native\\nwars around there. Further north, at Ramathlabama,\\nCol. Vivian- has at command a large force of irregu-\\nlar horse, and Kimberley itself is protected by the North\\nLancashire Regiment and several batteries of artillery.\\nAll these posts have been further strengthened by rein-\\nforcements from the Mediterranean and by the Army\\nService Corps, the Royal Engineers, and other details\\nfrom England.\\nThe army is officered as follows\\nFIRST ARMY CORPS.\\nGen. Sir Redvers H. Buller in Command,\\nFIRST DIVISION.\\nLieut.-Gen. Lord Methuen in Command.\\nFirst Brigade.\\nMaj.-Gen. Sir H. E. Colville in Command.\\nThird Grenadier Guards Gibraltar.\\nFirst Coldstream Guards Gibraltar.\\nFirst Scots Guards London.\\nSecond Brigade.\\nMaj.-Gen. H. J. T. Hildyard in Command.\\nSecond Devonshires Aldershot.\\nSecond West Yorkshires Aldershot.\\nSecond Royal West Surrey Portsmouth.\\nSecond East Surrey Woking.\\nFourteenth Hussars squadron) Xewbridge.\\nSeventh, Fourteenth and Sixty-sixth Field Batteries\\nand Engineers Aldershot.", "height": "4284", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "A Few Statistics,\\n20 1\\nSECOND DIVISION.\\nMaj.-Gen. (local Lieutenant-General) Sir C. F. Clery in\\nCommand.\\nThird Brigade.\\nMaj.-Gen. A. G. Wauchope in Command.\\nSecond Black Watch Aldershot.\\nFirst Highland L. I. Devonport.\\nSecond Seaforth Highlanders\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fort George.\\nFirst Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Dublin.\\nFourth Brigade.\\nMaj.-Gen. the Hon. N. J. Lyttelton in Command.\\nFirst Durham L. I. Aldershot.\\nSecond Cameronians Glasgow.\\nThird K. R. Rifles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Kilkenny.\\nFirst Rifle Brigade Parkhurst.\\nSixty-fourth Battery Aldershot.\\nSixty-third Battery Bristol.\\nSeventy-third Battery Dorchester.\\nFourteenth Hussars (squadron) Newbridge.\\nEngineers Aldershot.\\nTHIRD DIVISION.\\nMaj.-Gen. (local Lieutenant-General) Sir W. F. Gatacre\\nin Command.\\nFifth Brigade.\\nMaj.-Gen. A. Fitzroy Hart in Command.\\nFirst Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Mullingar.\\nSecond Royal Irish Rifles Belfast.\\nFirst Connaught Rangers Athlone.\\nFirst Royal Dublin Fusiliers The Curragh.\\nSixth Brigade.\\nMaj.-Gen. G. Barton in Command.\\nSecond Royal Irish Fusiliers Colchester.\\nSecond Royal Fusiliers Aldershot.\\nSecond Royal Scots Fusiliers Aldershot.\\nFirst Royal Welsh Fusiliers Pembroke Dock.\\nFourteenth Hussars (squadron) Newbridge.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "202 A Few Statistics,\\nSeventy-seventh Battery Coventry.\\nSeventy-fourth Battery Xewcastle-on-Tyne.\\nSeventy-ninth Battery Cahir.\\nFOURTH DIVISION.\\nCol. (local Lieutenant-General) Sir W. P. Symons in\\nCommand.\\nSeventh Brigade.\\nCol. (local Major-General) F. Howard in Command.\\nEighth Brigade.\\nMajor-General to be nominated locally.\\nCAVALRY DIVISION.\\nCol. (local Lieutenant-General) J. D. P. French in Com-\\nmand.\\nFirst Brigade.\\nCol. (local Major-General) J. M. Babington in Com-\\nmand.\\nSecond Brigade.\\nCol. (local Major-General) J. R. Brabazon in Command.\\nFirst Royal Dragoons Hounslow.\\nSecond Dragoons (Scots Greys) Edinburgh.\\nSixth Dragoons ^Inniskillings) The Curragh.\\nO Battery R. H. A.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Aldershot.\\nThird Brigade.\\nCol. (local Major-General) J. F. Brocklehurst in Com-\\nmand.\\nThe other regiments in the cavalry division are\\nSixth Dragoon Guards Carabiniers)\\nTenth (Prince of Wales Own Royal) Hussars.\\nTwelfth (Prince of Wales Royal) Lancers.\\nThirteenth Hussars.\\nFourteenth (King s) Hussars.\\nRoyal Horse and Royal Field Artillery.\\nThe full strength of the army corps which has so far\\n(November 20, 1899,) been sent out to South Africa over", "height": "4320", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "A Few Statistics.\\n203\\nand above .the troops already there, is 52,138 officers and\\nmen, with 114 guns.\\nOf the 52,138, 49.306 will be actually in the field, and\\n2,832, in comparatively small numbers from the cavalry\\nand infantry divisions, will be left at the base, forming\\ninfantry and general depots.\\nIn other words, the force is thus made up:\\nIn the field\\nCavalry 5,534\\nInfantry (three divisions) 29,253\\nCorp troops 5,122\\nCommunications 9,397\\n49.306\\nAt the base 2,832\\nTotal 52,138\\nThe cavalry division in the field consists of two bri-\\ngades, each made up of three regiments (538 each), a\\nhorse bat-column, bearer company, and field hospital, and\\na field company of engineers will be attached to the di-\\nvision.\\nEach of the three infantry divisions in the field con-\\nsists of two brigades, the brigade establishment being\\nfour battalions (1,019 each), supply column, bearer com-\\npany, and field hospital and to each division, as divisional\\ntroops, will be attached a cavalry squadron, three field\\nbatteries of 18 guns, an engineer fieid company, supply\\ncolumn, and field hospital.\\nThe British army has at its command the arsenals of\\nthe entire Empire, therefore there is no limit to the num-\\nber of guns it can put in the field.\\nThe Boers are known to have in their equipment (in-\\ncluding the armament of the Orange Free State) the\\nfollowing, at least: Twenty-six light and heavy Krupp\\nguns, four light and two heavy quick-firing guns, one\\nrifle muzzle-loading gun, one machine gun, seven 5 cm.\\nguns, five Armstrong nine-pounders, two Whitworth six-", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "204\\nA Few Statistics.\\npounders, one Whitworth three-pounder mountain gun,\\none 3 cm. Krupp gun and three Maxims. It is probable\\nthat they had more than these, but facts are not at pres-\\nent attainable.\\nFrom this point this work will be a record of the pres-\\nent w r ar. So far we have dealt with the facts of history,\\nand now leave it to the reader s individual judgment as\\nto who is in the right and who in the wrong. In forming\\na judgment, the palliating facts should be considered on\\nboth sides.\\nThe case for the Boers is evidently about as follows:\\nThey were the first settlers, and without their wish\\ntheir colony was transferred to British rule, their slaves\\nfreed and inadequate compensation made therefor. They\\ngloved to an isolated region to secure independence and\\nfreedom. The English followed them and forced them\\nto go further inland. Their independence was finally\\nformally acknowledged then in a case of necessity Eng-\\nland s aid was called in and their country was annexed in\\npayment of the promised service. This service was\\ntardily rendered, causing much dissatisfaction and a feel-\\ning that they had been tricked. A war for independence\\nwas fought and won. Later the discovery of gold led to\\na fresh effort to bring them under British rule through\\nthe extension of the franchise. Demands being made\\nupon them which they deemed unjust, and these demands\\nbeing backed up by a strong military demonstration, they\\nhave taken up arms to save their country.\\nThe case for the English is as follows\\nThey acquired the Cape Colony by diplomatic negotia-\\ntions. Finding the Boers a slaveholding people, which\\nv as repugnant to their laws, they emancipated the slaves.\\nClaiming domain in all the settled land in the Cape re-\\ngion, they felt that they had a right to annex all adjacent\\nterritory, as it became opened to settlement, as a part of", "height": "4320", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "A Few Statistics,\\n205\\ntheir domain which was unclaimed by any other world\\npower.\\nThe original grant of independence to the Boers was to\\ntheir mind a mistake of the party then in control, to be\\nremedied by annexation when the opportunity came. The\\ndisaster of Majuba Hill was not deemed a satisfactory\\ntest of the power of British arms, as peace was con-\\ncluded before reinforcements calculated to be sufficient to\\nconquer the Boers had arrived.\\nThe influx of Englishmen to the gold fields of the\\nRand made it Great Britain s duty to protect her citi-\\nzens who were in the Transvaal. Injustice and tyranny\\non the part of the Boers was claimed, and the British\\nGovernment felt it to be better for all concerned to exer-\\ncise a controlling influence in Transvaal affairs. Nego-\\ntiations having failed, war was considered the necessary\\nresort.\\nWar is a dreadful thing at any time; but especially\\nhideous is war between two Christian peoples over mat-\\nters that could certainly have been settled by arbitra-\\ntion. The boasted civilization and enlightenment of the\\nlast end of the nineteenth century has not been able to\\nprevent this war. Whichever side may receive our sym-\\npathy, the whole world must regret that such an unneces-\\nsary conflict should be waged.\\nLet us hope that better councils will prevail, and that\\nthe nations of the world will step in and demand a cessa-\\ntion of hostilities and the submission of the points in\\ndispute to international arbitration.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII.\\nTHE WAR OF 1899.\\nAlthough President Kruger s ultimatum was not deliv-\\nered until October 10, both England and the Transvaal\\nhad been making active preparations for war for some\\ntime previous to that date.\\nOn September 7 a large consignment of ammunition\\nwas received at Pretoria by the Boers,- and England or-\\ndered 10,000 additional troops dispatched to the Cape and\\nNatal from England and India.\\nGeneral Sir George White was appointed to command\\nof the British forces in Natal on September 10, and sailed\\nwith his staff and troops on September -16. On the lat-\\nter date troops were also embarked at Calcutta and Bom-\\nbay, and the Boers made a forward movement under arms\\nto points of vantage. A small-sized riot also occurred\\nin Johannesburg on this date.\\nMore troops were dispatched from England at short\\nintervals during September and October. The Boers, on\\nthe other hand, were by no means idle, having over 20,000\\nmen in the field ready for action by October 5.\\nThe ultimatum of October 10 was practically a declara-\\ntion of war, as by its terms President Kruger declared\\nthat he should consider a state of war to exist if the Britr\\nish troops were not withdrawn within forty-eight hours,\\nand it was immediately followed by an invasion of the\\nBritish Territories of Natal, Cape Colony, Bechuanaland\\nand Rhodesia by the Boers. Mafeking and Kimberley\\nwere invested. A British force was at each of these\\nplaces, Mafeking being under command of Colonel", "height": "4284", "width": "2872", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "The War of 1899.\\n207\\nBaden-Powell Kimberley under General Kekewich.\\nCecil Rhodes is among the English who are under siege\\nat Kimberley. The advance of the Boers into Xatal was\\nmade along the line of the railroad which connects the\\nTransvaal with Durban. Glencoe, Dundee and Lady-\\nsmith, three points at which British forces were stationed,\\nwere made the first points of attack.\\nThe first battle of the war was at Glencoe, on October\\n20, when a strong Boer force, under General Meyer, at-\\ntacked the British under General Symons. The Boers\\noccupied a commanding eminence, and opened fire. The\\nBritish replied in kind, and the Boers were repulsed, giv-\\ning the English the first battle. The Boer loss in this\\nengagement is reported at 10 killed and 25 wounded. The\\nBritish 54 killed and 213 wounded. Meanwhile the Boers\\nhad destroyed a portion of the railroad between Lady-\\nsmith and Glencoe, and in an effort by the British under\\nGeneral Sir George White to restore communication a\\nbattle occurred on October 21 at Elandslaagte, a point\\nmidway between Glencoe and Ladysmith, which resulted\\nin great loss to both sides, but the British finallv con-\\nquered, capturing three hundred prisoners. General\\nYiljoen, one of the bravest of the Boers, was killed at this\\nengagement. The British loss at this battle was 42 killed\\nand 195 wounded.\\nThe Boers made another attempt to cut the British line\\nat Rietfontein (between Ladysmith and Elandslaagte) on\\nOctober 23, with heavy loss to the English, although the\\nBoers were finally forced to abandon their attempt. Brit-\\nish loss 13 killed, 93 wounded.\\nOn October 26 General Sir William Penn Symons died\\nfrom injuries received at the battle of Glencoe.\\nMeanwhile the Boer forces operating in the region of\\nKimberley and Mafeking had not been idle. The invest-\\nment of those points was made nearly complete. In spite", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "208\\nTlie War of 1899.\\nh by the garrisons in\\nf the Boers prevented\\nThe rail eommuniea-\\nr Transvaal forces, and\\nome twenty-five miles\\nible by the Boers, and\\nit to prevent the ad-\\nof their beleaguered\\nA strong British force under Lord Methuen was dis-\\npatched to the relief of Kimberly late in November. Lord\\nMethuen taking command in the field on November 17*-\\nrlis course was much impeded by damage done to the\\n---ay by the Eoers. At the Orange River he me: with\\ntrong opposition, but by the battle of Enslin he was en-\\nmace a nne d:spiav ot their hunting\\n)n Tuesday.\\n.nsre River and\\n;ere sent to hold Thomas farm.\\nthe Boers from Fincham s Farm\\nmce bodv. The British artillerv\\na\\nich the British subsequently o\\nns in this engagement. The Be\\nThe battle at Belmont began at daybreak on Thursday.\\nMethuen s force numbered 7.000 men there were but\\n5,000 Boers, but they were strongly intrenched on a series\\nof hills, their cannon well posted and excellently served.\\nThe Boers opened fire on the British advance from the", "height": "4284", "width": "2816", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "The War of 1899.\\n209\\nhills a thousand yards distant. Other troops were pushed\\nup and the engagement became general.\\nWhile the British artillery covered the movement, the\\nGuards Brigade moved forward to a hill a few miles east\\nof Belmont Station.\\nThe Scots and Grenadiers crossed the fire zone in the\\nface of the enemy and advanced to within fifty yards of\\nthe hill s base, when the Boers poured in a fire so scathing\\nthat the Guards were staggered for a moment. Recov-\\nering, the duel continued for half an hour. Then the fire\\nof the British artillery grew too fierce for them, the Boers\\nevacuated their front position and the Scots Guards, wild-\\nly cheering, rushed the hill with the bayonet.\\nThe Ninth Brigade, commanded by Colonel Pole-\\nCarew, replacing Brig.-Gen. Featherstonhaugh, wounded\\nthe dav before, then moved forward in extended order,\\nand the Boers started a terrible cross-fire from the sur-\\nrounding hills.\\nThe Coldstreams. supported by the Scots, Grenadiers,\\nXorthumberlands and Xorthamptons, stormed the Free\\nStaters second position in the face of a constant and ef-\\nfective fire.\\nThe Ninth Brigade then advanced, the artillery mean-\\ntime maintaining excellent practice. The British infantry\\nnever wavered, and when a tremendous cheer notified\\nthem of the charge, the Boers again retreated, but in\\ngood order, and gained their third position, a range of\\nhills in the rear, in spite of the Lancers 5 flanking move-\\nment.\\nThe infantry again gallantly faced the fire, and the\\nNaval Brigade came into action for the first time, at a\\nrange of 1.800 yards. The infantry was well supported\\nby the artillery, and the Boers were once more forced to\\nabandon some minor positions.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "2IO\\nThe War of 1899.\\nPossession was taken of the Boer laager, and the Boer\\nstores and ammunition were destroyed.\\nThe latest obtainable figures place the British loss at\\nthe battle of Belmont at 105 killed and 374 wounded. A\\ncostly victory, and one calculated to make the British re-\\nalize that the relief of Kimberley was not to be the easy\\ntask they had contemplated. When Lord Methuen left\\nCape Town be confidently expected to be in Kimberley\\nin four days at most. He had not accomplished his task\\nwhen forty days had expired.\\nHis march northward was resumed, but it was felt that\\nthere was another battle in prospect before Kimberley\\ncould be reached. The Modder River bridge was the\\npoint selected by the Boers to check his advance. They\\nhad previously destroyed portions of the bridge, breaking\\nrail communication.\\nOn November 28 the army rested five miles from the\\nriver, and before dawn of the 28th they were on the\\nmarch. Soon after 5 o clock a. m. the engagement be-\\ngan. The Boers were in strong force on both sides of the\\nriver.\\nAfter an hour and a half of heavy firing, a feint attack\\nwas made on the Boers position by a brigade under Gen-\\neral Pole-Carew, to enable another brigade to, if possible,\\ncapture the bridge. The attacking brigade approached\\nwithin a few feet of the buildings behind which a large\\nforce of Boers were intrenched. The low walls surround-\\ning these buildings made excellent fortifications, and\\nwhen the Boers opened fire the British were mowed down\\nby the dozens and forced to retreat. The British opened\\na heavy artillery fire on the Boer position, but their efforts\\nfailed to dislodge them. Colonel Stopford, of the Cold-\\nstream Guards, was killed in this engagement.\\nMeanwhile other portions of the British army were ad-\\nvancing along the high railway embankment which led to", "height": "4328", "width": "2812", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "The War of 1899.\\n211\\nthe bridge, under the disastrous fire of the expert marks-\\nmen in the Boer army, who were concealed in positions\\nwhere they could not be got at. Several attempts were\\nmade to cross the bridge, and a few of these were suc-\\ncessful, but the fire from the Boers was so hot that a re-\\ntreat to the south side of the river was enforced in every\\ncase. Many brave men were killed in these sorties.\\nThe British artillery finally succeeded in disabling the\\nBoers sufficiently to enable a part of General Pole-\\nCarew s brigade to cross the river late in the afternoon\\nand maintain their position.\\nThe British report their losses in this engagement at\\n75 killed and 393 wounded, but revised figures will prob-\\nably show this to be an underestimate. The Boers 5 loss\\nwas undoubtedly less, as they were but little exposed to\\nthe fire of the enemy, fighting as they did mainly from\\npoints of comparative security.\\nWhile the British had crossed the bridge, they were\\nfor the time being effectively checked. Surrounded on\\nall sides by a hostile army, they found themselves practi-\\ncally in a trap. The Boers had closed in on their rear, so\\nretreat was as dangerous as advance.\\nOn December 10, Lord Methuen made an effort to ad-\\nvance, but was opposed by the enemy in strong force, and,\\nafter a fierce engagement, was forced to acknowledge de-\\nfeat and fall back on his camp at Modder River, with a\\nloss estimated at 300 killed and wounded, including\\nMajor-General Wauchope and the Marquis of Win-\\nchester. General Methuen has reported his total losses,\\nincluding prisoners captured at this engagement, at 963.\\nUp to date (December 25) Lord Methuen s position re-\\nmains the same several skirmishes have taken place, and\\nthe Boers have massed in force in the rear as well as in the\\nfront, cutting off his retreat.\\nThe relief of Kimberley is at least temporarily defeated.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "212\\nThe War of 1899.\\nLord Methuen s army has been practically defeated, and\\nthe relief of his forces will probably be the next step to\\nbe attempted in this direction.\\nThe British plan of attack involved the movement of\\nfour bodies of troops, one in the west, under Lord Me-\\nthuen, to the relief of Kimberley one from Durban to the\\nrelief of Ladysmith, under the commander-in-chief, Sir\\nRedvers Buller another from East London northward to\\nstrike at the Orange Free State, this division being under\\ncommand of General Gatacre. The fourth force, under\\nGeneral French, was to advance between the route of\\nGeneral Methuen and General Gatacre.\\nThe British had been hurrying troops to Africa as rap-\\nidly as possible, 28,000 landing in the last two weeks of\\nOctober alone. The total men in the British army, either\\nin Africa, or under marching orders, was 90,000, a force\\ndeemed amply sufficient to crush a matter of 30,000 farm-\\ners. It was confidently expected that all four of the di-\\nvisions mentioned above would make a triumphal ad-\\nvance, and be fighting in Transvaal territory by Christ-\\nmas at the latest.\\nThe Boers, however, had chosen in each case strong-\\ndefensive positions at which to resist the advance of the\\nfour armies. How well they accomplished it in the case\\nof Lord Methuen has been told.\\nOn December 10 General Gatacre met his Waterloo at\\nStormberg, and the British arms received a crushing de-\\nfeat that astonished the nation.\\nWhile marching to occupy Stormberg, an important\\njunction point near the borders of the Orange Free State,\\na strong force of Boers was unexpectedly encountered,\\nand the British were forced to retreat after having lost\\nmore than six hundred men, most of whom, however,\\nwere taken prisoners.\\nAccording to the reports, the number of Boers was", "height": "4328", "width": "2816", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "The War of 1899. 213\\n2,500. General Gatacre s force numbered probably 4,000\\nmen all told. He was moving from Molento upon Storm-\\nberg, as reports of natives and a few scouts led him to\\nbelieve that the Boer position could be easily surprised.\\nThe first sign of a battle was a hot, effective fire de-\\nlivered upon the line of the Dublin Fusiliers, who were\\nin advance. It proved so effective that the Irishmen\\nsought shelter behind a kopje on the left. They appeared\\nwell covered for a time, and were followed into shelter by\\nthe Northumberland Fusiliers and the artillery.\\nScarcely had the last mentioned taken the ground, per-\\nhaps half a mile from the Boer firing line, when it was\\ndiscovered that the whole force were exposed to the fire\\nof their enemies guns from a hill that enabled the Boers\\nto enfilade the British lines. Here a few guns of the\\nBritish artillery saved the situation, for under their rapid\\nfire General Gatacre s men were enabled to withdraw in\\ngood order out of range.\\nThe action at this time had become general, but all at\\nlong range. While the entire British line, halted and\\nfrom cover, were attempting to snipe the Boers, it was\\nlearned that a large commando of mounted Boers were\\nmoving from the north with the intention to cut off the\\nentire brigade.\\nThe Northumberland and Irish regiments started at\\nonce to engage them, but were promptly checked by a\\nheavy fire from machine guns.\\nThen, it appears, the commanding officers decided that\\na complete retreat was necessary, and the return march\\nto Molento was begun in good order over the thirteen\\nmiles of the way.\\nAlmost to the boundaries of the encampment here the\\nBoers kept up a rifle fire upon the retreating lines.\\nGeneral Gatacre s defeat aroused the greatest alarm in\\nEngland, but worse was yet to come.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "214\\nThe War of 1S99.\\nBuIIer, the hero, the invincible the man who was con-\\nfidently expected to crush the Boers in short order had\\nyet to be heard from.\\nGeneral Buller was heard from on December 15, and\\nthe most crushing defeat of the war was the burden of his\\nreport. This disaster occurred at the Tugela River, at\\nColenso. His advance to this point had been unimpeded.\\nHis purpose was to push his way across the Tugela River\\nby main force, without attempting to gain advantages by\\nmanoeuvring. He fell into the familiar Boer trap, march-\\ning his men upon a thickly populated nest of concealed\\nriflemen, whose deadly fire decimated the British column,\\nKilled the horses which dragged their guns, and forced\\nthe survivors to fall back under a leaden hailstorm. He\\nproved his column in full strength at 4 o clock on the\\nmorning of the 15th from the camp near Chieveley with\\nthe purpose of forcing a passage of the Tugela River.\\nThere are two fordable places in the stream two miles\\napart. The plan was to cross at one or the other of these\\nwith one brigade supported by a central brigade. Gen-\\neral Hart was to attack the left drift. General Hildyard\\nthe right road, and General Lyttleton was to take the\\ncentre and to support either. General Buller s official re-\\nport of the fight thus describes what followed\\nEarly in the day I saw that General Hart would not\\nbe able to force a passage, and I directed him to with-\\ndraw. He had, however, attacked with great gallantry,\\nand his leading battalion, the Connaught Rangers, I fear,\\nsuffered a great deal. Colonel I. G. Brooke was seriously\\nwounded.\\nI then ordered General Hildyard to advance, which\\nhe did, and his leading regiment, the East Surrey, occu-\\npied Colenso Station and the houses near the bridge.\\nAt that moment I heard that the whole artillery I had\\nsent to support the attack the Fourteenth and Sixty-", "height": "4324", "width": "2816", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "The War of 1899.\\n215\\nsixth Field Batteries, and six naval twelve-pounder quick\\nrirers under Colonel Long had advanced close to the\\nriver, in Long s desire to be within effective range. It\\nproved to be full of the enemy, who suddenly opened a\\ngalling fire at close range, killing all the horses, and the\\ngunners were compelled to stand to their guns. Some of\\nthe wagon teams got shelter for the troops in a donga,\\nand desperate efforts were made to bring out the field\\nguns.\\nThe fire, however, was too severe, and only two were\\nsaved by Captain Schofield and some drivers, whose\\nnames I will furnish.\\nAnother most gallant attempt with three teams was\\nmade by an officer, whose name I will obtain. Of the\\neighteen horses thirteen were killed, and, as several driv-\\ners were wounded, I would not allow another attempt, as\\nit seemed that they would be a shell mark, sacrificing life\\nto a gallant attempt to force the passage.\\nUnsupported by artillery. I directed the troops to\\nwithdraw, which they did in good order.\\nThroughout the day a considerable force of the enemy\\nwas pressing on my right flank, but was kept back by\\nmounted men under Lord Dundonald and part of General\\nBarton s brigade. The day was intensely hot and most\\ntrying to the troops, whose conduct was excellent.\\nWe have abandoned ten guns and lost by shell fire\\none. The losses in General Hart s brigade are, I fear,\\nheavy, although the proportion of severely wounded is, I\\nhope, not large.\\nThe Fourteenth and Sixty-ninth Field Batteries also\\nsuffered severe losses. We have retired to our camp at\\nChieveley.\\nThe official report of British losses at this engagement\\nis 1.097. The crushing effect of this news in England\\nmay be imagined.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "2l6\\nThe War of 1899.\\nNotwithstanding the reverses to the British arms re-\\nported earlier in the week, the people had confidently ex-\\npected that when news should come from Buller s army\\nit must be that of a victory. This expectation had been\\nmade more firm by a knowledge of the importance at this\\njuncture of the operations of a successful movement,\\nwhich was considered sufficiently grave to be termed a\\ncrisis.\\nA panic in the London Stock Exchange market, and\\nthe immediate ordering out of more troops was the direct\\nresult.\\nThe British Empire had been fighting a third-rate\\nfarmer Republic for two months, and the result was a to-\\ntal loss officially stated at over 6,000 men, and the defeat\\nof three armies. General French, with the fourth army,\\nhad done nothing beyond participating in a few skirm-\\nishes.\\nIt was felt that England mu?t summon all her re-\\nsources of war to defeat the Boers. Their accurate\\nmarksmanship and grim determination had proved them\\nto be more formidable adversaries than was anticipated.\\nConsequently, arrangements were made to call out the\\nreserves and to place an immense army in the field.\\nField Marshal General Lord Roberts was ordered to\\ntake command, and sailed from England on December\\n23. General Kitchener, the hero of the Soudan, was also\\nordered to Africa, and an immense number of reinforce-\\nments were ordered to the front.\\nThis is the situation at the present time. The British\\narmies are held at bay at every point by the Boers. Lady-\\nsmith has not been relieved. Kimberley has not been re-\\nlieved. Mafeking has not been relieved. The English\\narmies have been unable as yet to enter Boer territory.\\nQueen Victoria is said to have been opposed to the\\nwar. deeming it to be an unjust one. These reverses to", "height": "4284", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4276", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "The War of 1899.\\n217\\nBritish arms appear to her as a righteous judgment. On\\nthe other hand the Boers fight with a rifle in their hands\\nand a prayer on their lips. They believe that the Lord is\\nwith them, and will give them the victory.\\nThere are many in England who believe that the war\\nhas been urged and entered into to serve the private ends\\nof Cecil Rhodes, and others high in authority who seek\\npersonal gain from the absorption of the Boer Republic\\ninto the British Empire.\\nAt the outbreak of the war President Kruger said\\nLast Monday the Republic gave England forty-eight\\nhours notice within which to give the Republic assur-\\nance that the present dispute will be settled by arbitration\\nor other peaceful means, and troops will be removed from\\nthe borders (of the Transvaal).\\nThis expires at 5 p. m. to-day. The British agent has\\nbeen recalled and war is certain.\\nThe Republics are determined that if they must be-\\nlong to England a price will have to be paid which will\\nstagger humanity. Have, however, full faith that the sun\\nof liberty shall arise in South Africa as it arose in North\\nAmerica.\\nThe price so far paid certainly has staggered humanity.\\nWhile the British claim their losses to have been about\\nsix thousand, the Boers declare that they amount to at\\nleast seventeen thousand. Owing to the difficulty of\\ncommunication and of securing accurate information, it\\nis not possible to depend on the reports received regard-\\ning the losses on either side. In fact, no official report\\nof the Boer losses have been published. It is fair to as-\\nsume, however, that they are far less than those of the\\nEnglish, because they have usually fought from ambus-\\ncade, while the British have worked in the open. It may\\nbe urged against the Boers that this is not the most hon-\\norable kind of warfare, but it must be remembered that,", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "218\\nThe War of 1899.\\nin the case of a small force fighting against the resources\\nof an empire, much can be forgiven. The Boers have\\nbeen accused of disregarding the Red Cross flag and\\nthe flag of truce. These reports all come from English\\nsources, and must be taken with a grain of salt, although\\nit is possible that the charges are true. If so, all civilized\\npeoples will justly condemn their course.\\nAn accurate history of a war cannot be written w T hile\\nit is in progress. The main facts, as given in this chapter,\\nare, however, undisputed. History is being made rapidly\\nin South Africa to-day, and when the smoke of the bat-\\ntles shall have cleared away, there are brave and intelli-\\ngent American newspaper men with both armies who will\\ngive to the world the full details of this great war.\\nLet us hope, for the sake of humanity and civilization,\\nthat it will be speedily terminated.\\nAnd is it too much to expect that should the greater\\nnation prove victorious, she will deal leniently with her\\nlate antagonists, remembering that however unprogres-\\nsive or unjust they may have been in the past, their fight\\nhas been, to their minds, for the preservation of their\\nhomes and families, and that in waging this war they have\\ndone so with the deepest conviction of the justice of their\\ncause? And should the smaller nation w T in, let us hope\\nthey will grant such reasonable concessions as will stamp\\nthem as a just and progressive people, worthy to a place\\namong the enlightened nations of the world.\\nTHE END.", "height": "4284", "width": "2748", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "When Troop A went\\nto the war every man, so\\nit is said, had in his hav-\\nersack a Ripans Tabule\\nor a package of them.\\nWANTED.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A case of bad health that R PP-A N S will not benefit Send five\\noents to Bipans Chemical Co.. Xo. 10 Spruce Street, New York, for 10 samples and\\n1,000 testimonials. RPPANS, 10 for 5 cents, or 12 packets for 48 cents, may be\\nhad of all druggists who #re willing to sell a standard medicine at a moderate profit.\\nThey banish pain and prolong life. One fives relief. Note the word R l P A N-S\\nn the packet Accept no substitute.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "The Transvaal War\\nTimely books upon the subject, and romances\\nof the region in which the struggle is taking\\nv place. Published by Street Smith.\\nJess, a Tale of the Transvaal\\nBy H. Rider Haggard. No. 83 Arrow Library. 10c.\\nThe Story of an African Farm\\nBy Olive Schreiner. This book is an excellent rom-\\nance and pen-picture of the Boers, by the sister of the present\\nPremier of Cape Colony. No. 91 Arrow Library. 10c.\\nThe Diamond Mine Case\\nBy Nicholas Carter. A detective story of the Kirn-\\nberley Diamond Fields. No. 71 Magnet Library. 10c.\\nWith Boer and Britisher in the Transvaal\\nBy William Murray Graydon. A splendid story for\\nboys. No. 39 Hedal Library. 10c.\\nThe Real Kruger and the Transvaal\\nBy an Englishman, a Boer and an American. A most\\ntimely work, giving a view of the situation from all sides of\\nthe case. No exhaustive essays, but just the plain state-\\nment of facts that everybody wants to know. A valuable\\nwork. No. 12 Historical Series. 10c.\\nTween Snow and Fire\\nBy Bertram Mitford. A powerful novel, dealing with\\nEnglishmen, Boers and Kaffirs good reading and valuable\\ninformation combined. No. 1 Romance Series. 50c.\\nYankee Girls in Oom Paul s Land\\nBy Louise Vescelius Sheldon. A graphic and enter-\\ntaining account of the South African Country as three\\nAmerican girls found it. Especially valuable for its accur-\\nate descriptions of manners, customs and topography.\\nPrice, in cloth, 50c; in paper (No. 2 Undine Series), 25c.\\nThe above books cover every phase of the South African\\nquestion. You should read some or all of them.\\nFor sale by all newsdealers, or sent by mail, postpaid, on\\nreceipt of price by the publishers\\nSTREET SMITH, 238 William Street, New York,\\nan", "height": "4324", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "A widow sixty-eight years old, living in New York City, had bees\\ndosing for nine years. She was constantly troubled with pains on her right\\nside, which seemed to be caused by the liver. Up to last June she had\\nbeen treated by a number of physicians, one of whom claimed she had\\ncatarrh of the stomach; another stated that it was ordinary dyspepsia, and\\nstill another pronounced it biliary calculus, or gall stones, for which he\\ntreated her several months without good results. At times the pains\\nwere so severe that hypodermic injections of morphine were resorted to.\\nThe patient weighed 109 pounds; wa3 completely run down, and had very\\nlittle appetite. Early in June a neighbor induced her to try Bipans\\nTabules. After using them two weeks the pains and bloating of the\\nstomach and co iic ceased and nausea entirely disappeared, The patient\\nhad practically recovered by September nth. She had gained eleven\\npounds, and could eat baked beans, among other dishes, without ill results.\\nWANTED:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A case of bad health that E I P A N-S will not benefit. Send five\\ncents to Ripans Chemical Co., No. 10 Spruce Street, New York, for 10 samples and\\n1,000 testimonials. BTPA N S, 10 for 5 cents, or 12 packejs for 48 cents, may be\\nhad of all druggists who are willing to sell a standard meaicine at a moderate profit.\\nThey banish pain and prolong life. One give3 relief. Note the word R I P A NS\\njo the packet. Accept no substitute.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "ft\\nft\\n4 POPULAR WANT SUPPLIED\\n10-Cent Histories\\nand Biographies\\nNo dry statistics, but accurate and reliable\\nworks, treating of the various subjects in\\nan exhaustive and entertaining manner*\\nc Read Like Novels\\nJust the books you need to post you on the subjects\\n10\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Life of General U. S. Grant. By W. H. Van Orden\\n9 Victoria, Queen and Empress. By A. D. Hall\\n8 Spain and the Spaniards .By B. Essex Winthrop\\n7 The Life of Admiral Dewey By Will M. Clemens\\n6 Uncle Sam s Ships. A History of Our Navy By A. D. Hall\\n5 A Life of the Pope (Leo the Thirteenth) from a Non-\\nSectarian Standpoint By A. D. Hall\\n4\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hawaii By A. D. Hall\\n3\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Porto Rico By A. D. Hall\\n2\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Philippines By A. D. Hall\\nI Cuba .By A. D. Hall\\nFor sale by newsdealers and booksellers every-\\nwhere, or sent by mail, postpaid on receipt of\\nprice, 10c* each, by\\nSTREET SMITH, Publishers, New York\\nG8\\nm\\ni\\nm\\nt", "height": "4324", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "It was at Fort Slocum, in New York Harbor during the\\nSpanish war. An officer lay on his bunk, feeling, as he said,\\ndecidedly uncomfortable, when the post surgeon came in. The\\nColonel said he was suffering from indigestion. Well, said\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2he doctor, 4 Is there anything that you have been in the habit\\nof taking that generally helps you? Yes, said the Colonel-\\nthere is one thing and the only thing that has ever done me\\nany good, but you can t give it to me. What is it? said the\\ndoctor. A Ripans Tabule, was the Colonel s reply. A\\nfellow officer standing by spoke up cheerfully Why, Colonel,\\nI can fix you out, and he produced a 5-cent carton from his\\nwaistcoat pocket. The best thing about the story is that it did\\nfix the Colonel up all right, and the doctor, manifesting an\\ninterest, was told what R-I-P-A-N-S are, what they are used for,\\nand what great good they were doing in the community. After\\nhe had looked the circular through the doctor remarked, Well.\\nI don t see why that is not a good thing.\\nWANTED:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A case of bad health that RT-P-A-N-S will not benefit. Send five\\nsents to Ripans Chemical Co., No, 10 Spruce Street. New York, for 10 samples and\\n1-000 testimonials. RT-P-A-N-S, 10 for 5 cents, or 12 packets for 48 cents, may be\\naad or all druggists who are willing to sell a standard medicine at a moderate profit.\\nThey banish pain and prolong life, One gives relief. Note the word R X PANS\\non *he packet Accept no substitute.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "A well-dressed face\\nPerhaps you like that yellow moustache, but we are\\nsure your friends do no:.\\nPerhaps you think your gray whiskers don t tell how\\nold you are, but they do.\\nPerhaps you have never noticed how a beautiful\\nbrown or rich black adds to the moustache or whiskers,\\nbut we have*\\nPerhaps you would like a natural brown or black\\ndye for your whiskers and moustache, one that defies\\ndetection.\\nPerhaps you don t know that\\nA beautiful brown or a rich black\\nalways follows the use of\\nBuckingham s Dye\\nIt isn t a brown or black today, and then some mis-\\nerable color tomorrow. When dyed once it is dyed to\\nstay. Two, or three bottles at most, will keep the beard\\nand moustache colored for a whole year. You are the\\nonly one aware of it when you use\\nBuckingham s\\nIf your druggist cannot supply you, send 50 cents to\\nR. P. Hall Co., Nashua, N. H.", "height": "4284", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "The most famous works of\\nMarie Corelli\\nare to be had in Street Smith s Arrow\\nLibrary at Ten Cents each* The\\nlist is as follows:\\nNo. 18. A Romance of Two Worlds.\\nmarkable books ever written. It advances the most\\nstartling theories regarding- the spirit world which some\\nsuppose surrounds us. Whether the work is purely an\\neffort ofimagination on the part of the writer, or that\\nshe really believes in it, the work is certainly a wonder-\\nful production, which should, under any circumstances,\\nbe read by all who give thought to what might exist in\\nthe worlds around us.\\nNo. 26.\\nNo. 2?.\\nArdath. Vol. I.\\nIn this work we have the\\ntheories advanced in A\\nVOL II. Romance of Two Worlds\\nmore fully considered,\\nand woven into a most unique and beautiful love story,\\nthe main characters being a mortal man and a spirit\\nmaiden. Those who have never read this work have a\\nrare treat in store for them, but to fully understand it,\\nA Romance of Two Worlds should first be read.\\nNo. 36. Vendetta.\\nA powerful story of an Italian\\nVendetta, rivaling Dumas\\nMonte Christo in strength of plot and depth of inter-\\nest. This story has been dramatized under the title of\\nFabio Romani.\\nNo. 47. Wormwood.\\nIn this story the terrible effects\\nof that dea d-ly drug, absinthe,\\nare portrayed in the most graphic manner. A book of\\nabsorbing interest.\\nNn ThHma A very powerful love story, the\\ni U. S3. IllClUld. scene of Vhich are laid in Norway\\nand England. An Englishman woos and wins a Norwe-\\ngian princess, and transplants his wild Northern Rose to\\nEnglish soil. This work shows that Miss Corelli is at\\nhome in all the realms of the novelist.\\nSTREET SMITH, Publishers\\n238 William St., New York\\nG21", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "Some books that I\\nDEVIL S ISLAND (The Story of the Dreyfus Case)\\nt everybody is reading j\\nand which can be bought from\\nany newsdealer for the very\\nreasonable sum of 10 CENTS\\nin Street Smith s Editions j\\nt\\nBy A. D. Hall. No. 125 Eagle Library.\\nPRETTIEST OF ALL By Julia Edwards J\\nNo. 124 Eagle Library.\\nGRAZIAS MISTAKE By Mrs. Georgie Sheldon\\nNo. 122 Eagle Library.\\nIN HIS STEPS By Rev. Chas. M. Sheldon\\nNo. 1 Alliance Library\\nROBERT HARDY S SEVEN DAYS\\nBy Rev. Chas. M. Sheldon. No. 2 Alliance Library.\\nJ MEADOWBROOK By Mrs. Mary J. Holmes i\\nNo. 79 Arrow Library.\\nTHE PHANTOM FUTURE, By Henry Seton Merriman\\nNo. 78 Arrow Library.\\nMACARIA By Augusta J. Evans J\\nNo. 80 Arrow Library. J\\nTHE DIAMOND BUTTON .By Barclay North J\\nNo. 100 Magnet Library.", "height": "4324", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "I Shf 0 w rea( ty m Street\\nV* SmrW s Amw I rary f\\nHEY CE2V7S. f\\nI The Cruise f\\nof the Cachalot\\n\u00c2\u00aey Fi?,4.jVA T MULLEN S\\nfih First Mate ffo\\nf\u00c2\u00a7?\\nThis famous book has never f\\nbefore been offered at a less\\npr/ce than 25 cents. Our eat- S\\ntion is guaranteed to be correct.\\nE\\nf* STREET SMITH, Publishers {e w York\\n2j? G18 ff", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "f Rudyard Kipling\\n|j The special attention of admirers of g|\\nthis great author is called to the\\nf| fact that those of his works pub-\\nH lished in the Arrow Library embrace \u00c2\u00abfe\\nJ| a careful selection of the best, and g\\nthat they are printed from new\\nplates, thereby producing much bet-\\nter editions than can be found in g|\\nother low-priced lines. We now ft\\nhave ready the following, at\\nTbe Rigbt Price, 10c.\\ni\\nNo. 1 The Light that Failed\\nNo. 12. The Phantom Rickshaw\\nNo. 49. Ballads and Other Verses\\nNo. 63. Plain Tales from the Hills\\nNo. 65. Soldiers Three\\nNo. 70. Under the Deodars and the Story\\nQfe of the Gadsbys. g|\\ni\\n^5 -Be sure and \u00c2\u00a3e\u00c2\u00a3 tie Arrow Library Edition g|\\n5TREET 5A\\\\ITH, Publisher? fl\\nNEW YORK", "height": "4320", "width": "2832", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "i A Brilliant Array 1\\nMRS. GEORGIE SHELDON\\nWrites exclusively for Street Smith\\nST. GEORGE RATHBORNE\\nWrites exclusively for Street Smith\\nADELAIDE STIRLING\\nWrites exclusively for Street Smith\\nJULIA EDWARDS\\nWrites exclusively for Street Smith\\nA. D. HALL\\nWrites exclusively for Street Smith\\nBURT L. STANDISH\\nWrites exclusively for Street Smith\\nNICHOLAS CARTER\\nWrites exclusively for Street Smith\\nBARCLAY NORTH\\nWrites exclusively for Street Smith\\nThe above are only a few of the writers\\nwhose productions are Street Smith s ex-\\nclusively. We are also publishing the latest\\nand best copyright work of noted English\\nnovelists, such as\\nFlorence Warden\\nM\u00c2\u00a32e Adelaide Rowlands\\nGertrude Warden\\nMrs. Emily Lovett Cameron\\nand others\\nWe are giving our patrons the best to be had\u00e2\u0080\u0094 don t\\nyou think: so q 12\\n1\\nI\\nI", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "DON T\\nOVERLOOK\\nTHIS\\nT\\nf f\\nWhenever Traveling, see that your Tickets read \u00c2\u00abp\u00c2\u00ab\\nThe\\nPopular\\nLines\\nLake Erie\\nand Western R.R*\\nFORT WAYNE, CINCINNATI LOUISVILLE R.R.\\nNORTHERN OHIO R Y.\\nTHE\\nORIGINAL\\nNATURAL\\nGAS\\nROUTE\\nNew, Elegant Day Coaches\\nReclining Chair Cars\\n^mm^ Parlor and Sleeping Gars\\nQUICK SERVICE ACCOMMODATING EMPLOYEES\\nHERE ARE SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL POINTS ON THIS LINE:\\nIndianapolis, Findlay, Peoria, Fort Wayne, Kokomo, Muncie,\\nBloomington, Fostoria, Peru, Cocnersville, Lafayette, Fremont,,\\nMichigan City, La Porte, Lima, Rushville, Sandusky, Akron.\\nRemember vou can secure,\\nTHROUGH TICKETS TO SSintST\\nDo not be afraid to ask for information.\\nAddress GEO. L. BRADBURY, C. F. DALY,\\nVice-President and General xManager, General Passenger Agent,\\nG 26 INDIANAPOLIS, IND.", "height": "4284", "width": "2848", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "fr*^ fl*^ fr*^ ^^N 4*^^ 4^*^ fr^^ ^ptfp^\\nX t\\ni Chesapeake and i\\nOhio Railway\\ni\\nt\\nJ\\ni jftf The most interesting historic associations\\n9f and the most striking and beautiful seen- j\\nJ if ery in the United States are linked to- J\\ngether by this system.\\ni\\ni\\ni\\ni\\ni\\ni\\ni\\nI\\ni\\ni\\nt\\ni i\\nVEST1BULED, ELECTRIC LIGHTED, j\\nSTEAM HEATED, MODEL TRAINS t\\nBETWEEN\\nNew York\\nPhiladelphia Baltimore\\nWashington\\nand\\nVirginia Hot Springs\\nCincinnati\\nLouisville Chicago\\nSt. Louis\\ni\\ni\\ni\\nDINING AND OBSERVATION CARS ATTACHED\\n4\\nX H. W. FULLER, General Passenger Agent,\\nI Washington, D. C. t\\n3L G 33 j.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "Elaine Central\\ni%ailroad\\nRuns Four Daily Summer Express Trains to\\nphe $em cf the\\ntftlantie %eaat\\nSfrar ftarbor\\nAND ALSO REACHES\\nr\\nThe Natural Wonders of the White Mountains,\\nThe Weird Grandeur of the Dixville Notch,\\nThe Quaint Ways and Scenes of Quebec,\\nThe Multifarious Attractions of Montreal,\\nThe Elegance of Poland Springs,\\nThe Inexhaustible Fishing of Rangeley,\\nThe Unrivaled Big Game Hunting of Aroostook\\nand Washington Counties,\\nThe Unique Scenery of Moosehead,\\nThe Remarkable Healthfulness of St. Andrews,\\nThe PicturesqueTowns of the Land of Evangeline,\\nThe Matchless Scenery of Newfoundland,\\nMaking it the Renowned Vaeaticn Sine\\nThose who enjoy ocean sailing should take the pioneer line along the\\nCoast of Maine, making landings at all the noted coast resorts east of\\nPortland, and almost encircling the Island of Mt. Desert, the\\nPortland, Mt. S)e^ert and %laehia# rfteambeat Cc,\\nwhose new, large and luxurious steamer, Frank Jones, makes, during\\nthe summer season, two round trips per week between Portland, Rock-\\nland, Bar Harbor, Machiasport and intermediate landings.\\nIllustrated outlines, details of transportation and other information\\nupon application to\\nF. E. BOOTHBY, G. P. and T. Agent.\\nMention this book in applying for GEO. F. EVANS, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr.\\nfolders and advertising- matter. 5\\nG29. 1 PORTLAND, ME.", "height": "4324", "width": "2756", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "Revised to December, 1899\\nA PARTIAL LIST\\nOF\\nSTREET 1 SHIRTS BOOKS\\nln $S\u00c2\u00a3r 10 CENTS the\\nEagle, Arrow, Magnet,\\nMedal, Columbia, Historical\\nand Alliance Libraries\\nClassified alphabetically bv authors for\\nthe better convenience of our patrons.\\nFor sale by all newsdealers, or post-\\njrCjrCjf\\npaid from the publishers at ioc. each.\\ni)\\nSTREET SMITH, Publishers\\n238 William Street, New York", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "ADAMS; 0. L.\\nDetective s Clew, The. Magnet No. 66. ioc.\\nALLEX, GRANT\\nIn All Shades. Arrow No. 22. ioc.\\nAUGUSTA, CLARA\\nNobody s Daughter Eagle No. 127. ioc.\\nBARRETT, FRANK\\nGreat Hesper, The. Arrow No. 31. ioc.\\nBARRIE, J. M.\\nLittle Minister, The. Eagle No. 96. ioc.\\nAlso a better edition. (Illustrated), Drama No. 34. 25c.\\nAlso in cloth. (Six illustrations), 50c.\\nBAXTERj YOUNG\\nOld Mortality. Magnet No. 103. ioc.\\nBELOT, ADOLPHE\\nTragedy of the Rue de la Paix, The. Arrow No. 32. ioc.\\nBOIJRGET, PAUL\\nLiving Lie, A. Arrow No. 8. ioc.\\nBULLEX, FRANK T.\\nCruise of the Cachalot Arrow No. 76. ioc.\\nBURGESS, NEIL\\nCounty Fair, The. Eagle No. 60. ioc.\\nCAFFYN, MANNINGTON, author of A Yellow Aster.\\nMiss Milne and I. Arrow No. 44. ioc.\\nCAINE, HALL\\nBondman, The. Arrow No. 73. ioc.\\nShadow of a Crime. Arrow No. 84. ioc.\\nShe s All the World to Me. Arrow No. 2. ioc.\\nCAMERON, MRS. EMILY LOYETT\\nWorth Winning. Arrow No. 52. ioc.\\nCARTER, NICHOLAS\\nAccidental Password. An. Magnet No. 53. ioc.\\nAmerican Marquis, The. 7.\\nAmong the Counterfeiters. 39.\\nAmong the Nihilists. 43.\\nAt Odds with Scotland Yard. 49. u\\nAt Thompson s Ranch. 56.\\nAustralian Klondike, A. 8.\\nBite of an Apple, A, and other Stories. 105, 44\\nCaught in the Toils. 14.\\nChance Discovery, A. IQ.\\nCheck No. 777. 46.\\nClever Celestial, A 44 75-\\nCrescent Brotherhood, The. 83.\\nCrime of a Countess, The. 5-\\nDead Man s Grip, A. 44 85. 44\\nDeposit Vault Puzzle, A. 21.\\nDetective s Pretty Neighbor and Other Stories 89. i4\\nDiamond Mine Case, The. 7t-\\n(o 2)", "height": "4284", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "CARTER, MCHOLAS.-Coiithiued.\\nDouble Shuffle Club, The. Magnet No. 68.\\nEvidence by Telephone. 23.\\nFair Criminal, A. 62.\\nFighting Against Millions. 11.\\nFound on the Beach. 65.\\nGambler s Syndicate, The. 18.\\nGideon Drexel s Millions 11 99.\\nGreat Enigma, The. 2.\\nGreat Money Order Swindle, The. 91.\\nHarrison Keith, Detective u 93.\\nKlondike Claim, A. 1.\\nMan from India, The. 50.\\nMillionaire Partner, A. 59.\\nMysterious Mail Robbery, The. 13.\\nNick Carter and the Green Goods Man. 14 87.\\nNick Carter s Clever Protege. 108.\\nOld Detective s Pupil, The. 10.\\nPiano Box Mystery, The. 17.\\nPlaying a Bold Game. 12.\\nPuzzle of Five Pistols, The, and Other Stories. 97.\\nSealed Orders l 95.\\nSign of the Crossed Knives, The. 11 79.\\nStolen Identity, A. 9.\\nStolen Pay Train, The, and Other Stories. 11 101.\\nStolen Race Horse, The, and Other Stories. in.\\nTitled Counterfeiter, A. 3.\\nTracked Across the Atlantic. 4.\\nTwo Plus Two. 73.\\nVan Alstine Case, The. 77.\\nWall Street Haul A. 6.\\nWanted by Two Clients. 81.\\nWoman s Hand, A. 16.\\n10c.\\nCHAMPLIN, VIRGIN\\nShadowed by a Detective.\\nCHEEVER, MRS. H.\\nBrothers, All.\\nCLAY, BERTHA M\\nAnother Man s Wife.\\nAnother Woman s Husband.\\nBetween Two Hearts.\\nBitter Bondage, A.\\nFair but Faithless.\\nFor a Woman s Honor.\\nGipsy s Daughter. The.\\nGladys Greye.\\nHeart s Bitterness, A.\\nHeart s Idol, A.\\nIdeal Love, An.\\nIn Love s Crucible.\\nMarjorie Deane.\\n(G 3)\\nIA\\nMagnet No. 106.\\nA.\\nAlliance No. 5.\\nEagle No. 48.\\nEagle No. 42.\\nEagle No. 84.\\nEagle No. 130.\\nEagle No. 102.\\nEagle No. 4.\\nEagle No. 11.\\nEagle No. 59.\\nEagle No. 109.\\nEagle No. 21.\\nEagle No. 119\\nEagle No. 70.\\nEagle No, 79.\\nioc.\\nIOC\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "CLAY, BERTHA M. -Continued.\\nTwixt Love and Hate. Eagle No. 05. 10c.\\nViolet Lisle. Eagle No. 14. 10c.\\nCLEMENS, WILL 31.\\nLife of Admiral Dewey, The. Historical No. 7. ix c,\\nCOBB, C. W.\\nThe Mountaineer Detective. Magnet No. 40. 10c.\\nCOBB, SYLYAaLS, Jr.\\nBen Hamed. Columbia No. 18. 10c.\\nGolden Eagle, The. u 19. 10c.\\nKing s Talisman, The 21. 10c.\\nYankee Champion, The. Eagle No. 78. 10c.\\nCOLLINS, WILKIE\\nMy Lady s Money. Arrow No. 58. ioe.\\nCOMFORT, LUCY RANDALL\\nCecile s Marriage. Eagle No. 121. 10c.\\nWidowed Bride, The. Eagle No 86. 10c.\\nCORELLI, MARIE\\nArdath, Vol. I. Arrow No. 26. 10c.\\nArdath. Vol. II. 27.\\nRomance of Two Worlds. A. M 18.\\nThelma. 55.\\nVendetta. 36.\\nWormwood. 47.\\nBARRELL CHARLES\\nWhen London Sleeps. Eagle No. 105. 10c.\\nBAl DET, ALPHONSE\\nJack. Arrow No. 59. 10c.\\nPartners. The. Arrow No. 67. 10c.\\nSappho. Arrow No. 16. 10c.\\nBE G0 C0l RT, E. AM) J.\\nGerminie Lacerteux. Arrow No. 4. 10c.\\nBEL PIT, ALBERT\\nCoralie s Son. Arrow No. 35. 10c.\\nDENISON, MRS. MARY A.\\nDaughter of the Regiment. The. Eagle No. 116. 10c.\\nBE PO T JEST, RENE.\\nNo. 13 Rue Marlot Magnet No. 96. 10c.\\nBE TISSEAl LEO\\nHis Fatal Vow or Sealed Lips. Arrow No. 23. 10c.\\nBEY, MARMABLKE\\nMuertalma: or, the Poisoned Pin. Magnet No. 58. 10c.\\nDONNELLY, H. OR AT TAN\\nDarkest Russia. Eagle No. 94. 10c.\\nDOUGLAS, A. M,\\nMidnight Marriage, The. Eagle No. 6. 10c.", "height": "4284", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "DOYLE, A. t OXAX\\nBeyond the City. Arrow No. 6. ioc.\\nFirm of Girdlestone, The. Arrow No*. 69. ioc.\\nSherlock Holmes Detective Stories, The. Magnet No. 72. ioc.\\nSign of the Four. The. Arrow No. 17. ioc.\\nStudy in Scarlet, A. Arrow No. 3. ioc.\\nWhite Company, The. Arrow No. 81. ioc.\\nDU BO I SG OBEY, FORTOE\\nBlue Veil, The. Magnet No. 44. ioc.\\nChevalier Casse Cou. The. 63.\\nConvict Colonel, The. 33.\\nCrime of the Opera House, The. Vol. I. 35.\\nCrime of the Opera House, The. Vol. II. 36.\\nHis Great Revenge. Vol. I. Magnet No. 54, ioc.\\nHis Great Revenge. Vol. II. 55.\\nMatapan Affair. The. 38.\\nRed Camellia, The. 64.\\nRed Lottery Ticket. The. 31.\\nSteel Necklace. The. 27.\\nDUCHESS, THE\\nDuchess. The. Arrow No. 34. ioc.\\nHonourable Mrs. Vereker, The. Arrow No. 62. ioc.\\nMildred Trevanion. Arrow No. 40. ioc.\\nDUDLEY, BICKNELL\\nGentleman from Gasconv. A. Eagle No. 89. ioc.\\nDUFFY, RICHARD\\nSaved from the Sea. Eagle No. 118. ioc.\\nDUMAS, ALEXANDRE\\nEdmond Dantes (Part I, Monte Cristo) Arrow No. 92. ioc.\\nThree Musketeers. The. Arrow No. 77. ioc.\\nEBERS, GEORGE.\\nEgvptian Princess, An. Arrow No. 74. ioc.\\nEDWARDS, JULIA\\nBeautiful but Poor. Eagle No. 8. ioc.\\nEstelle s Millionaire Lover. Eagle No. 27. ioc.\\nHe Loves Me. Loves Me Not. Eagle No. 3. ioc.\\nLittle Widow, The. Eagle No. 13. ioc.\\nPrettiest of All. Eagle No. 124. ioc.\\nStella Sterling. Easrle No. 62. ioc.\\nEDWARDS. WARREN\\nColonel s Wife, The. Eagle No. 39. ioc.\\nD \u00c2\u00abnatch Bearer. The. Eagle No. 56. ioc.\\nWar Reporter, The. Eagle No. 97. ioc.\\nELLIS, EDWARD 8.\\nFrom Tent to White House Medal No. 11. ioc.\\nEVASS, AUGUSTA J.\\nInez. Arrow No. 82. ioc.\\nMacaria. Arrow No. 80. ioc.\\nFEW, GEORGE MA TELLE\\nBag of Diamonds. The. Magnet No. -30. ioc.\\n(Gr 5)", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "46.\\n6.\\n2.\\n10.\\nII.\\nFEUILLET, OCTAVE\\nRomance of a Poor Young Man, The. Arrow No.\\n1TJLCH, ENSIGN CLARKE, L. S, X.\\nCourt Martialled. Columbia No.\\nFighting Squadron, The.\\nGauntlet of Fire, A. u\\nHolding the Fort. l\\nPrisoner of Morro, A. Columbia No, 4.\\nSaved by the Enemy. 8.\\nSoldier Monk, The. 11 17.\\nSoldier s Pledge, A. M 12.\\nWolves of the Navy. Columbia No. 13.\\nFLEMING, MAT AGNES\\nLady Evelyn. Eagle No. 141.\\nUnseen Bridegroom. Eagle No. 136.\\nVirginia Heiress, The. Eagle No. 9.\\nFRANCILLON, R. E.\\nKing or Knave. Arrow No. 7.\\nGABORIAU, EMILE\\nCaught in the Net (Slaves of Paris, Vol. I.)\\nMagnet No\\nChampdoce Mystery, The (Slaves of Paris, Vol. II.).\\nMagnet No\\nClique of Gold, The. Magnet No\\nDetective s Dilemma, The (Mons. Lecoq, Vol. I.).\\nMagnet No\\nDetective s Triumph, The (Mons. Lecoq, Vol. II.).\\nMagnet No\\nFile No. 113.\\nWidow Lerouge, The.\\nGARVICE 5 CH4JRLES\\nClaire. Eagle No\\nElaine.\\nHer Heart s Desire.\\nHer Ransom.\\nLeslie s Loyalty.\\nLorrie; or. Hollow Gold.\\nMarauis, The.\\nShe Loved Him.\\nWasted Love, A.\\nGILBERT, W.\\nBab Ballads, The. Arrow No. 68.\\nGOODE, GEORGE W.\\nPost Office Detective, The. Magnet No. 52.\\nGRAYDOX, WILLIAM MURRAY.\\nCryptogram, The. Medal No. 26.\\nFrom Lake to Wilderness Medal No. 22.\\nWhite King of Africa, The. 16.\\n22.\\n29.\\n24.\\n25.\\n26.\\n15.\\n98.\\n22.\\n41.\\n50.\\n17.\\n85.\\n73-\\n117.\\n24.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC,\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\n20. IOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\n10c.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\nIOC.\\n(G 6)", "height": "4284", "width": "2772", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "HAGGARD, H. RIDER\\nAllan Quatermain. Arrow No. 33. 10c.\\nEric Brighteyes. 51. 10c.\\nJess. Arrow No. 83. 10c.\\nHAHN, CHARLES CURTZ\\nWreck of the South Pole, and Other Tales.\\nColumbia No. 22. 10c.\\nHALL, A. D.\\nCattle King, The. Eagle No. 112. 10c.\\nCuba: Its Past, Present and Future. Historical No. 1. 10c.\\nDevil s Island (The Story of Dreyfus) Eagle No. 125. 10c.\\nFatal Card, The. Eagle No. 16. 10c\\nHawaii. Historical No. 4. 10c.\\nMavourneen. Eagle No. 76. 10c.\\nNorthern Lights. Eagle No. 123. 10c.\\nPhilippines, The. Historical No. 2. 10c.\\nPope Leo XIII., A Life of. 44 5. 10c.\\nPorto Rico. Historical No. 3. 10c.\\nUncle Sam s Ships, (A History of our Navy) 44 6. 10c.\\nVictoria, Queen and Empress 44 9. 10c.\\nHANCOCK, HARRIE IRVING\\nBlackmail, or a Central Office Mystery. Magnet No. 109. 10c.\\nHANSHEW, T. W.\\nQueen of Treachery, A. Eagle No. 93. 10c.\\nWedded Widow, A. Eagle No. 137. 10c.\\nHARBAUGH, T. C.\\nWhite Squadron, The. Eagle No. 120. 10c.\\nHARBEN, WILL N.\\nNorth Walk Mystery, The. Magnet No. 88. 10c.\\nHATTON, JOSEPH\\nJohn Needham s Double. Magnet No. 41. 10c.\\nHAWTHORNE, NATHANIEL\\nHouse of Seven Gables. Arrow No. 54. 10c.\\nHENTY G. A,\\nCurse of Carnes Hold, The. Medal No. 32. 10c.\\nDragon and the Raven, The. Medal No. 23. 10c.\\nJack Archer 44 19. 10c.\\nThrough the Fray. 25. 10c.\\nTrue to the Old Flag. 44 29. 10c.\\nYoung Colonists, The. 44 14. 10c.\\nHILL, K. Ft\\nMysterious Case, A. Magnet No. 32. 10c.\\nMystery of a Madstone, The. Magnet No. 67 10c.\\nTwin Detectives, The. Magnet No. 74. 10c.\\nHOLMES, MRS. MARY J.\\nEnglish Orphans. Arrow No. 57. 10c.\\nHomestead on the Hillside. 44 60. 10c.\\nLena Riverg. 44 56. 10c.\\nMeadowbrook. 44 79. 10c.\\nTempest and Sunshine* 53. 10c.\\n{Qr 7)", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "HOLZMEYER, GENIE (Mrs. Sydney Rosenfeld)\\nProud Dishonor, A, Eagle No. 104. ioe,\\nHOPE, ANTHONY\\nFrivolous Cupid and Other Stories Arrow No, 64. 10c\\nHORNUNG, E. W.\\nBride from the Bush, A. Arrow No. 93. 10c.\\nHUGO, YICTOR\\nHan of Iceland. Arrow No. 19. 10c.\\nHunchback of Notre Dame. Arrow No. 90. 10c.\\nRuy Bias. Arrow No. 37. 10c.\\nToilers of the Sea, The. Arrow No. 30. 10c.\\nHUME, FERGUS\\nMystery of a Hansom Cab, The. Magnet No. 47. 10c.\\nINGRAHAM, RET. PROF. J. H.\\nPrince of the House of David, The. Arrow No. 43. 10c.\\nJAMES, POLICE CAPTAIN\\nLittle Lightning, Magnet No. 70. 10c.\\nRevenue Detective, The. Magnet No. 42. 10c.\\nJAMES, T. P.\\nUnder Fire. Eagle No. 75. 10c.\\nJONES, EMMA GARRISON\\nWedded for an Hour. Eagle No. 81. 10c.\\nKIPLING, RUDYARD\\nBallads and Other Verses. Arrow No. 49. 10c.\\nLight That Failed, The. Arrow Xo. i. 10c.\\nPhantom Rickshaw, The. Arrow No. 12. loc.\\nPlain Tales from the Hills Arrow No. 63. 10c.\\nSoldiers Three and Black and White u 65. 10c.\\nUnder the Deodors and Story of the Gadsbys 44 70. 10c.\\nLEON, LEWIS\\nSilver Ship. The. Medal No. 18. 10c.\\nLIBBEY, LAURA JEAN\\nFatal Wooing, A. Eagle No. 138. 10c.\\nLISLE, ANNIE\\nWhose Wife Is She? Eagle No. no. 10c.\\nLOUNSBERRT, LIEUT. LIONEL\\nCadet Kit Carey. Medal Xo. 2. 10c.\\nCaptain Carey of the Gallant Seventh. Medal No. 6. 10c.\\nCentre Board Jim. Medal No. 27. 10c.\\nEnsign Merrill 11 17. 10c.\\nKit Carey s Protege 8. 10c.\\nLieutenant Carey s Luck. Medal No. 4. 10c.\\nMidshipman Merrill 15- 10c,\\nWon at West Point si. 10c.\\n(G8)", "height": "4316", "width": "2756", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "LLDLLM, JEAN EATE\\nThat Girl of Johnson s. Eagle No. 140. 10c.\\nLYALL* EDNA\\nDonovan. Arrow No. 50. 10c.\\nHardy, Norsman A. u 66. ioc.\\nIn the Golden Days 4 71. 10c.\\nWon by Waiting. 44 45. 10c.\\nMcEENZIE, DONALD J.\\nFace to Face. Magnet No. 76. 10c.\\nPast Master of Crime, A. 44 104. 10c*\\nUnder His Thumb. 44 44 28. 10c.\\nWorkingman Detective, The. 44 44 110, 10c.\\nMAITLAND, 0.\\nSociety Detective, The. Magnet No. 34. 10c.\\nMANLEYj MARLINE\\nOld Specie. Magnet No. 45. 10c.\\nPoker King, The. Magnet No. 80. ioe.\\nVestibule Limited Mystery, The. Magnet No. 57. 10c.\\nMARRYAT, CAPTAIN\\nPeter Simple. Medal No. 30. 10c.\\n3IATTHE3Y, CHARLES\\nInspector s Puzzle, The. Magnet No. 84. 10c\\n3IERRICX, DR. MARK\\nGreat Travers Case, The. Magnet No. 48. 10c.\\nME RIME E PROSPER\\nCarmen and Colomba, Arrow No. 8g. 10c.\\nME RR 131 AN, HENRY SETON.\\nPhantom Future, The Arrow No. 78. 10c.\\nPrisoners and Captives. 44 41 85. 10c.\\nSuspense. 44 44 88. 10c.\\n3IIDDLEMAS, JEAN\\nMaddoxes, The. Arrow No. 38. 10c:\\n3IILLER, 3IRS. ALEX. 3IcYEIGH\\nCrushed Lily, A. Eagle No. 113. 10c.\\nDora Tenney. Eagle No. 64. 10c.\\nLillian, My Lillian. Eagle- No. 106. 10c.\\nLittle Coquette Bonnie. Eagle No. 43. 10c.\\nLittle Southern Beauty, A. Eagie No. 25. 10c.\\nPretty Geraldine. Eagle No. 34. 10c.\\nRosamond. Eagle No. 57. 10c.\\nSenator s Bride. The. 20.\\nSenator s Favorite, The 5.\\nSweet Violet. Eagle No. oi. 10c.\\n3IIL3IAN, HARRY DTJ BOIS\\nMr. Lake of Chicago. Eagle No. 19. 10c.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "MURRAY, DITTO CHRISTIE\\nDangerous Catspaw, A. Arrow No. 20. 10c.\\nMURRAY, LIE! TEX AM\\nUp the Ladder Medal Xo. 13. ioe.\\nNORRIS, W. 1\\nChris. Arrow Xo. 29. 10c.\\nRogue, The. Arrow Xo. 9. 10c.\\nNORTH, BARCLAY.\\nDiamond Button, The Magnet Xo. 100. 10c.\\nOn the Rack Magnet Xo. go. ioe.\\n4 Vivier M of Vivier Longmans Co., Bankers 11 94. 10c.\\nOPTIC, OLIVER\\nAll Aboard. Medal Xo. 3. 10c.\\nBoat Club. The. Medal No. 1. 10c.\\nXow or Never. Medal Xo. 5. 10c.\\nTrv Again tl 9. 10c.\\nOTIS, JAMES\\nChased Through Xorway. Medal Xo. 7. ioe.\\nWheeling for Fortune 4 20. ioe.\\nPATTEN, GILBERT\\nBoy Boomers, The. Medal Xo. 28. ioe.\\nBoy from the West, The Medal Xo. 24. ioe.\\nDon Kirk, the Boy Cattle King Medal Xo. 10. 10c.\\nDon Kirk s Mine 12. ioe.\\nPECK, PROE. WI. HENRY\\nLocksmith of Lyons, The. Eagle X T o. 83. 10c.\\nPEMBERTON, MAX\\nIron Pirate. The. Arrow Xo. 48. 10c.\\nPHILIPS, E. C.\\nAs in a Looking Glass. Arrow Xo. 13. 10c.\\nTack and Three Jills. Arrow X o. 14. 10c.\\nQ (ARTHUR T. OOLLER COrCH\\nDead Man s Rock Arrow Xo. 72. ioe.\\nRATHBORSE, ST. GEORGE\\nBaron Sam. Eagle No. 30. 10c.\\nCaptain Tom. 26.\\nColonel by Brevet, The. Eagle Xo. 47. 10c.\\nDr. Jack. 15.\\nAlso in cloth, Rose Series Xo. 2. 25c\\nDr. Tack s Wife. Eagle Xo. 18. 10c.\\nFair Maid of Fez. The. 80.\\nFair Revolutionist. A. Eagle Xo. 115. 10c.\\nGirl from Hong Kong, The Eagle Xo. 126. 10c.\\nGoddess of Africa, A. E^gle Xo. 101. 10c.\\nGreat Mogul. The. 35- 14\\nHer Rescue from the Turks. 1 142. 10c.\\nMajor Matterson of Kentucky. 5S\\nMiss Caprice. 28\\nMiss Pauline of Xew York. 23.\\n(G10)", "height": "4284", "width": "2760", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "RATHBORNE, ST. GEORGE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued.\\nMonsieur Bob. Eagle No. 4a 10c\\nMrs. Bob. 33-\\nNabob of Singapore, The. 38.\\nSon of Mars, A. u 108.\\nSpider s Web, The. 71.\\nSquire, John. u 134.\\nRICHARDSON, LEANDER P.\\nPrairie Detective, The. Magnet No. 37. 10c.\\nROSTAND, EDMOND\\nCyrano de Bergerac. Arrow No. 42. ioc.\\nROWLANDS, EFFIE ADELAIDE\\nCarla or, Married at Sight. Eagle No. 107. ioc.\\nLittle Lady Charles. Eagle No. 139. ioc.\\nWoman Against Woman. Eagle No. 52. ioc.\\nROILE, EDWIN MILTON\\nCaptain Impudence. Eagle No. 82. ioc.\\nRUSSELL, W. CLARK\\nMarriage at Sea, A. Arrow No. 11. ioc.\\nSARDOU, YICTORIEN\\nCleopatra. Eagle No. 54. ioc.\\nFedora. 36.\\nGismonda. 67.\\nLa Tosca. 61.\\nTheodora. 29.\\nSAWYER, EUGENE T.\\nLos Hnecos Mystery. The. Magnet No. 51. ioc.\\nMaltese Cross, The. Magnet No. 61. ioc.\\nSCHREINER, OLIVE (RALPH IRON)\\nStory of an African Farm, The. Arrow No. 91. ioc.\\nSHELDON, MRS. GEORGIE\\nAudrey s Recompense.\\nEdrie s Legacy.\\nFaithful Shirley\\nGrazia s Mistake\\nMax.\\nQueen Bess.\\nRuby s Reward.\\nThat Dowdy.\\nThrice Wedded.\\nTina.\\nTwo Keys.\\nVirgie s Inheritance.\\nWitch Hazel.\\nEagle No.\\n99-\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\n12.\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\nin.\\nIOC.\\n122.\\nIOC.\\nu\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\n1.\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\n2.\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\n44-\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\n55-\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\n77.\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\n7-\\n88.\\nIOC.\\nEagle No.\\n66.\\nIOC.", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "SHELDON, RET. CHARLES M.\\nCrucifixion of Robert Strong, The. Alliance No. 3. 10c.\\nIn His Steps What Would Jesus Do Alliance No. 1. 10c.\\nRobert Hardy s Seven Days 4t 2. 10c.\\nSHERBURNE, HARRIET\\nWilful Winnie. Eagle No. 72. 10c.\\nSMITH, FRANCIS S.\\nAlice Blake. Eagle No. 100. 10c.\\nLittle Sunshine. Eagle No. 10. 10c.\\nSOXJTHWORTH, 3IRS. EM3IA D. E. N.\\nIshmael or, In the Depths. Arrow No. 86. 10c.\\nSelf-Raised or, From the Depths. u \u00c2\u00a77. 10c.\\nSTABLES, GORDON\\nCruise of the Snow Bird. Medal No. 31. 10c.\\nSTEVENSON* ROBERT LOUIS\\nKidnapped. Arrow No. 15. 10c.\\nMaster of Ballantrae. Arow No. 5. 10c.\\nNew Arabian Nights Arrow No. 75. 10c.\\nTreasure Island. Arrow No. 24. 10c.\\nSTIRLING, ADELAIDE\\nNerine s Second Choice. Eagle No. 131. 10c.\\nTALMAGE, RET. T. DEWITT\\nCrumbs Swept Up. Alliance No. 4. 10c.\\nTAYLOR, JUDSON R.\\nBrant Adams Magnet No. 86. 10c.\\nBruce Angelo. 14\\nChosen Man, The. Magnel\\nMasked Detective, The.\\nSwordsman of Warsaw, The. Columbia\\nTom and Jerry. Magnet\\nVan the Government Detective\\nTAYLOR, R. M.\\nDetective Bob Bridger. Magnet\\nTHOMPSON, DENMAN\\nOld Homestead, The. Eagle\\nTRACY, J. PERKINS\\nBlockade Runner, The. Eagle\\nHeart of Virginia, The.\\nShenandoah.\\nWon by the Sword.\\nTRAFTON, EDWIN H.\\nCell No. 13. Columbia\\nTYLER, ROBERT LEE\\nLawyer Bell from Boston. Eagle\\nNone but the Brave.\\nSiren s Love, A.\\nYale Man, A.\\n102.\\nIOC.\\n.78.\\nIOC.\\n82.\\nIOC.\\n20.\\nIOC.\\n.98.\\nIOC.\\n92.\\nIOC.\\n69.\\nIOC.\\n53.\\nIOC.\\n32.\\nIOC.\\n37-\\n87.\\nti\\n65.\\n23.\\nIOC.\\n63\\nIOC.\\n49-\\n31.\\ni\\n45.\\nit\\n(Ol2)", "height": "4284", "width": "2756", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "URNER, NATHAN J).\\nIngornar. Arrow No. 25. 10c.\\nTAN ORDEN, W- H.\\nLife of Gen l U. S. Grant. Historical No. 10. 10c.\\nVANE, SUTTON\\nCotton King, The. Eagle No. 74. 10c.\\nHumanity. 92.\\nIn Sight of St. Paul s. Eagle No. 129. ioe.\\nSpan of Life, The. Eagle No. 103. 10c.\\nVERNE, J I EES\\nAround the World in Eighty Days. Arrow No. 21. 10c,\\nHector Servadac. Arrow No. 30. 10c.\\nVICTOR, MRS. M. V.\\nOff with the Old Love. Eagle No. 46. 10c.\\nWARDEN, GERTRUDE\\nWhose Was the Crime. Eagle No. 132. ioe.\\nWEIR, MARIPOSA\\nChase Around the World, A. Magnet No. 60. 10c.\\nWELLS, DOUGLAS\\nCharge of the Blockhouse, The Columbia No. 15. 10c.\\nCourier to Gomez, A. Columbia No. 3. 10c.\\nFighting Against Odds i 1 16. ioe.\\nFor Spanish Gold. g.\\nHero of the Brigade, The. 14. ioe.\\nOn the Firing Line. 7.\\nSecret Service Detail, A. 5.\\nYankee Lieutenant, The. 1.\\nWERNER, E.\\nPrice He Paid, The. Eagle No. 51, ioe.\\nWEYMAN, STANLEY J,\\nHouse of the Wolf, The. Arrow No. 10. 10c.\\nKing s Stratagem, The, and Other Stories. Arrow No. 61. 10c.\\nWHYTAL, BUSS\\nFor Fair Virginia. Eagle No. 90. 10c.\\nWINFIELD, EDNA\\nLittle Cuban Rebel, The. Eagle No. 68. roc.\\nWIXTHROP B. ESSEX.\\nSpain and the Spaniards Historical No. 8. 10c.\\nWINTER, JOHN STRANGE\\nBeautiful Jim. Arrow No. 41. 10c.\\nWOOD. H. E.\\nPassenger from Scotland Yard, The. Magnet No. 107. 10c.\\nMISCELLANEOUS\\nCast Up by the Tide. Eagle No. 135. 10c.\\nHalf a Truth Eagle No. 114. ioe.\\nHis Perfect Trust. Eagle No. 60. 10c.\\nScent of the Roses, The. Eagle No. 128. 10c.\\nThe Stranglers of Paris (from the play). Arrow No. 28. 10c.\\n(Gr 13)", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "t\\nSays Marcus\\nAurelius to Fa-\\nbius Coralus:\\nIts a pity we\\ncouldn t have\\nlived in the nine-\\nteenth century instead of the first.\\nWhy, says Fabius, we have about\\nall that makes life pleasant as it is.\\nOh, no, replied Marcus. We are fa-\\nvored well, tis true; but just compare the\\nexpense of buying a novel written by hand\\non a papyrus roll with the ten-cent novels of\\nStreet Smith, to say nothing of the fact\\nthat they would be so much handier to carry\\naround and easier on the eyes to read.\\nTrue, said Fabius, that s where the\\nnineteenth century people have got a great\\nthing, and they ought to appreciate it. I\\nwish I had one of those good novels\\nof theirs to read right now.", "height": "4284", "width": "2756", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "A month y publication devoted to good literature. By\\nHl^TflRlfini subscription, $!.oo per year!\\nIliO 1 UiUUilL, Entered as second-class matter at New York Post-office. A\\nJuly,\\nThe magazine that gets better every number.\\nAin slee s 10c.\\nMen Like Ainslee s\\nBecause Ainslee s keeps them posted on the tide\\nof the times.\\nWomen Like Ainslee s\\nBecause Ainslee s stories are readable stories, and\\nbecause Ainslee s publishes articles of particular\\ninterest to women.\\nChildren Like Ainslee s\\nBecause Ainslee s has always plenty of pretty\\npictures.\\nTen Tears Trial;\\nGeneral King s\\nGreatest Novel\\nA Story of the U.S. Army\\nand of the Philippines,\\nBegins in\\nDecember Ainslee s\\nAlso Five Splendid\\nShort Stories many\\nArticles, Poems and\\nPictures.\\n10c.\\nSTREET SMITH\\nPublishers\\nNEW YORK\\nGEN. CHARLES KING\\nAll Newsdealers", "height": "4406", "width": "2740", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4324", "width": "2872", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "1", "height": "4300", "width": "2854", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4549", "width": "2968", "jp2-path": "realkrugertransv00bunc_0_0268.jp2"}}