{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4365", "width": "3036", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "V.T?\u00c2\u00ab\\\\V\\nv\\n-japs*,* v -.%#W p\\ny\\ny\\nV\\nA-", "height": "4221", "width": "3014", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "w\\n^oV*\\nW\\nF\\nV\\ng\u00c2\u00b0* .^LvA V^^, *o.", "height": "4221", "width": "3014", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4197", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4197", "width": "2768", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4206", "width": "2813", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "fa;\\nPC THE ECLECTIC\\nHORSE TAMER, TRAINER\\nAND EDUCATOR.\\nWAPS1E L. (See page 118.)\\nJ. W. MERCER,\\nUnion Stock Yards, Chicago, III.", "height": "4206", "width": "2813", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4166", "width": "2795", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "THE ECLECTIC\\nHORSE TAMER TRAINER\\nAND EDUCATOR\\nBy J. W. MERCER\\nEntered according to Act of Congress in the year KK)0 by\\nJ. W. Mercer,\\nin the office of the Librarian of Congress.", "height": "4166", "width": "2795", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVED,\\nLibrary of Co\u00c2\u00bb ff ra\u00c2\u00ab%\\nOffice of the\\nWAR 1900\\nRegister of Copyright*\\n55943\\nIMIESS OF\\nMAGNUS FLAWS CO.\\nCHICAGO\\n6 GON0 COPY,\\nO 9", "height": "4198", "width": "2825", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "J. W. MERCER.", "height": "4198", "width": "2825", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nPERHAPS a new work on taming and educating the horse\\nmay seem uncalled for in view of the many books on\\nthe subject now in the market and the number of train-\\ners on the road. Yet upon investigation it will be found\\nthat none of them present anything new the same old brutal\\nsystem of throwing the horse is still in vogue.\\nAgain, all professional horsemen\u00e2\u0080\u0094 horse breakeis-of the\\npresent and past, depend for their success upon their skill in\\nmaking a popular exhibition out of the handling of vicious\\nhorses. While the system herein enunciated effectively precludes\\nthe possibility of developing a vicious horse.\\nThere is fast approaching a crisis in the history of the\\nhorse an irresistable conflict between the horse and the numer-\\nous mechanical locomotive devices which are rapidly coming\\ninto use, and the outcome must depend largely upon the con-\\nduct of the horse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 especially tl.e horse to be used for light driv-\\ning. Every fault and objectionable characteristic that can be\\neliminated from his reputation is a point gained in his favor.\\nHeretofore, it has been the custom for people to be maimed\\nand killed by the runaway horse with never so much as a mur-\\nmur or complaint, because, perhaps, it was their only recourse\\nthey must take a chance with the horse or walk. But this pop.\\nular and time honored way of shuffling off this mortal coil is\\ndestined to experience a sudden check. The harness horse\\nmust quit his meanness or get oft* the earth. The knell of\\nhis passing is already sounding; and his only salvation lies in\\nhis complete reformation. The Inductive system of educa-\\ntion herein enunciated, cannot fail to effect the radical refor-", "height": "4264", "width": "2829", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "mation of the horse, for right habits are inculcated to the exclu-\\nsion of all disposition to wrong ones.\\nOne of two conditions irrefutably exists either I have\\nmade a wonderful discovery, meriting the everlasting gratitude\\nof mankind; or all who have been responsible for the framing\\nand the execution of the laws relating to the protection of the\\npublic, have been guilty of criminal negligence.\\nIf the horse is tohold his own in the irrepressiable conflict\\nnow confronting him, it can only be accomplished by the\\nadvancment of his education to the point that the runaway\\naccident is wholly eliminated from the contingencies of his use.\\nTo the ordinary individual, and even to the expert horseman,\\nthis appears like an insurmountable obstacle, as it is a feature\\nof the horse s education taught in no book except this volume,\\nand by no horseman except the writer. And yet, as herein elu-\\ncidated, it is just es practical, and simple as the proverbial\\nfalling off a log. And if this work is so far successful, in\\ndisseminating the new departure in the education of the\\nhorse, as to result in the saving of a single human life, that, for-\\nsooth, may be sufficient excuse for its existence.\\nJ. W. Mercer.\\nChicago, 111., Jan. l, 1900.", "height": "4303", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nr pHEHE are two remarkable features pertaining to the ed-\\nX ucation of the horse: first, the real simplicity of the op-\\neration; second, the prevailing ignorance among trainers\\nand drivers regarding the subject.\\nAnd still the wonder grows when it can be readily shown\\nthat the correct method of educating the horse is exactly what\\nanyone at all familiar with his nature should readily infer; and\\nfurther, when scarcely a person living persues such a course-\\nin many cases a course diametrically opposite.\\nThe first proposition may be readily proven by experiment;\\nthe second by observation.\\nTake any number of horses, and conduct their education\\nupon the inductive system, and in not one single instance\\nwill there be a failure. Go further, take a horse that has been\\nspoiled by the deductive, or prevailing system, or lack of sys-\\ntem, subject him to a thorough course in the inductive, sys-\\ntem, and he will be completely reformed.\\nOn the other hand, every spoiled or indifferently broken\\nhorse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and their number is legion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is a living witness of the\\ntruth of the second proposition.\\nThe balky horse is a familiar example of the results of the\\ndeductive system of education. The driver has an idea of what\\nhe wishes the horse to do, but lacks the skiH to communicate\\nthat idea to the horse, and administers punishment to the horse\\nfor not knowing what has not been taught him. Hence, the\\nhorse, acting upon a natural impulse, rears, bucks, runs back-\\nward, falls down, or sulks and refuses to move, accordingly, as", "height": "4258", "width": "2877", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "8 Introduction.\\nthe notion affects him. A few repetitions of this lesson and a\\nfull fledged balker is evolved.\\nWhereas, by the inductive, system, the horse is first in\\nstructed by means of a proper knowledge of his mental qual\\nities, in what to do and how to do it, whence there is no occasion\\nfor punishment\\nThe Inductive System of educating the horse is based\\nupon the theory that the horse will willingly do any-\\nthing REQUIRED OF HIM WHEN MADE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT\\nHE IS ASKED TO DO, AND HOW TO DO IT.\\nHence, in breaking, or educating the horse, all that is nec-\\nessary is to make him understand what he is wanted to do; and\\nto show him how to do it. That is the inductive system,\\npure and simple.\\nNor is punishment or harsh treatment necessary, but en-\\ntirely foreign to the system.\\nHis actions are to be directed, controlled, and restrained\u00e2\u0080\u0094 by\\nrepetition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a right or wrong act becomes a habit.\\nHence, in the education of the horse it is of the utmost im-\\nportance, that his every action shall be right; and shall be re-\\npeated until he has no disposition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 no power\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to refuse to obey\\nthe commands given him.\\nSource of Vicious Habits.\\nAll the vicious habits of the horse are due to mismanage-\\nment\u00e2\u0080\u0094lack of skill and judgement\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in many cases amounting\\nto gross stupidity. The horse must not only be induced to do the\\nright thing, but he must be effectively restrained from doing\\nthe wrong thing while he is being taught to do that right thing*\\nHence the value of the grape vine hitch, the head hitch,\\nand the stall hitch.\\nIt is simply wonderful how easy and rapidly the horse will", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Introduction. 9\\nlearn when properly treated, and his tasks are brought within\\nthe sphere of his comprehension. And it is equally wonderful\\nhow fast he will acquire vicious habits when improperly treated,\\nwhich necessitates double trouble for their correction.\\nTHE HORSE LEARNS CORRECT OR VICIOUS HABITS BY THE\\nREPETITION OF ACTS WHICH, EVENTUALLY, BECOME HABITS.\\nAbout the most difficult thing to teach very many horses is\\nto stop and stand quietly. And, in his efforts to inculcate this\\nvery essential habit, for lack of proper methods, the trainer of-\\nten, fails to accomplish the desired object, and through the\\nmeans employed develops in his subject more serions faults\\nbalking, running backwards, pitching.\\nWhen the horse is once thoroughly broken, he will endure\\nmuch abuse and wrong treatment, without his being spoiled.\\nFor his habits have been formed and thoroughly established.\\nFor example: A horse that is thoroughly well broken to pull\\nmay be overloaded, beaten and abused; his shoulders may be\\nraw sores; and still, after all, he will pull his best, when given\\na fair chance, despite his sufferings from sore shoulders, lame-\\nness, or any other consideration. On the other hand, the parti-\\nally or indifferently broken horse, may be quite ruined, for a\\ntrue puller, by overloading a few times; by trying to compel\\nhim to pull with an ill-fitting harness, or with the merest pimple\\nupon his shoulder, to give him pain. The difference is in this\\nthe one from force of habit, knows nothing but to pull when he\\nhears the command; the other remembers his former pain or\\ntrouble, under similar circumstances, and repeats his former\\nactions, and herein are involved the underlying principles of\\nproperly breaking the horse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 he must be drilled upon every act,\\nwith its accompanying signal, until he knows no resistance or\\nrefusal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 until he obeys automatically.", "height": "4264", "width": "2849", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "10 Introduction\\nTHE HORSE LEARNS TO DO A CERTAIN THING BY DOING\\nTHAT THING, NOT BY DOING SOMETHING ELSE.\\nControlling 1 the Horse.\\nThe horse s ignorance is the trainer s strongest hold\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\nsecret of his success. And happy is the trainer if that ignor-\\nance is complete. For then there are no wrong impressions to\\neradicate before the right can be inculcated. If the horse is\\nhaltered for the first time, and, at once, tied fast before he has\\nlearned the use of the halter, and become submissive to its re-\\nstraint, he is very certain to pull upon the halter, and make\\nfrantic efforts to effect his release. Whereas, if, before tying\\nhim fast, he has been educated thoroughly in the use of the\\nhalter, no matter how restive he may become, h? will make no\\ndetermined effort to break away. But, if this preliminary edu-\\ncation is neglected, and the horse repeats his first pull upon the\\nhalter a few times, he is quite liable to develop into a chronical\\nhalter poller.\\nIf the first, or any subsequent time before he is well broken\\nto pull, the horse is overloaded, becomes restive, flies back in\\nthe harness, and refuses to go up into the collar and pull stead-\\nily, he has taken the first step to become a confirmed balker.\\nThis act has only to be repeated often enough, and he is com-\\npletely spoiled.\\nSuppose you attempt to examine the horse s mouth, per-\\nhaps, to ascertain his age, and he resents this familiarity, by\\nsimply tossing his head; you make another attempt he again\\nsuccessfully resists by tossing his head; he has now acquired\\nthe cue to successful resistance, and may persist in the habit\\nas long as he lives, if no systematic efforts are made to over-\\ncome it.\\nThere are various other equally annoying ways horses have", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Introduction. J 1\\nof resisting having their mouths examined\u00e2\u0080\u0094 rearing, striking\\npalling back\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all acquired by a repetition of their first act of\\nsuccessful resistance. Hence, the vital importance of effective\\nrestraint and control, in the incipient stages of any, and all\\noveracts of insubordination, however insignificant, for, by repe-\\ntition they become life-long habits, more or less annoying.\\nThe Runaway Horse\\nIs a striking, and often disastrous example of the effect of\\nthe repetition of a wrong act, for it is a well known fact that\\nthe horse that has even once indulged his predisposition to run\\naway, can never, thereafter, be trusted. And. when the act has\\nbeen repeated a few times, it becomes quite impossible to re-\\nstrain him, in the presence of the inciting cause. Whereas, if\\nthe horse had been subjected to the proper treatment, previous\\nto his first indulgence^ he would have been entirely indifferent,\\nto the cause which had so excited his terror.\\nIt is unnecessary to indulge in a protraced argument to\\nprove that most\u00e2\u0080\u0094 at least a large percent\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of the horses sent to\\nmarket are indifferently, and many viciously broken. It is only\\nnecessary for one to observe the operations of the hitching\\ngang at the Union Stock Yards horse market, for a time, to be\\nconvinced of the affirmation of the proposition.\\nLike all other branches of business in which men engage\\nfor gain, the farmer and the breeder raise horses for profit.\\nAnd like all other enterprises, the better finished, and the better\\nadapted the product is to its intended purpose, the more valu-\\nable it is, and the more ready its sale. This is doubly true of\\nthe horse, and so generally true is it that horses sent to market\\nare lacking in proper education, or viciously broken, as to cast\\na depreciating suspicion upon all. Even though when tested,\\nand no overtact of viciousness is developed, yet there remains", "height": "4269", "width": "2900", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12 Introduction\\na suspicion, a distrust which militates against the value of the\\nanimal. But when horse after horse is tested, and shows his\\nverdancy, or viciousness, then suspicion merges into a reality,\\nre-acting adversely upon the value of all the horses on sale. It\\nis impossible to approximate the aggregate loss to the trade re-\\nsulting from this overhanging cloud of suspicion. Many of\\nthese horses are utterly worthless being but a source of per-\\nplexity to their owners.\\nSuppose every horse offered for sale were known to be\\nthoroughly and reliably broken\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not as horses are so called\\nbroken, but as horses should be broken\u00e2\u0080\u0094 perfect models of in-\\ntelligent horse-hood: then the intending purchaser would not\\nhave to take into consideration the contingency of the horse s\\nconduct at all.\\nNow, this is a practical problem which farmers and breeders\\nhave in their power to solve for themselves; and to their own\\ngreat advantage. It is for them to say whether they shall con-\\ntinue in the same old ruts, or consult their own interests, and\\nthat of all who have to do with the horse, by putting into prac-\\ntice the more rational and up-to-date methods.\\nThere is yet another problem of vital importance to be con-\\nsidered, and met, in connection with the horse interests that\\nvery formidable rival\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the automobile. And, perhaps, the most\\ninsurmountable obstacle in the way of the horse s continued su-\\npremacy as a motory factor for business and pleasure, over his\\nmore docile and tractable competitor, is the long trail of blood\\nand disaster in the wake of his runaway contingent. If he is to\\nhold his own, in any measure, he must at once, and forever\\neliminate from his future escutcheon this baleful propensity.\\nNow, while accidents arising from runaways are so common\\nas to be reckoned unavoidable, the fact remains that in every\\ncase a runaway is the result of incompetency on the part of the", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Introduction, 13\\none who broke the horse, improper education or incomplete edu-\\ncation. Education, in its more comprehensive sense, is the bet-\\nter term to use.\\nThe great mistake consists in the fact that the horse s edu-\\ncation is concluded when it is but fairly begun; he is taught to\\nstart and to stop; to go forward and perhaps backward; to turn\\nto the right and to the left; and here his education ends.\\nWhereas, he should have special instruct ons to prepare him for\\nall possible emergencies that he may be called upon to meet;\\nthe wagon or carriage turning over or breaking down; the un-\\nhitching or breaking of the ban ess, whereby the vehicle is sud-\\ndenly forced upon his heels or quarters; and all similar accidents\\nwhich are liable to occur during his varied and eventful life.\\nIt may be said that the life and the limbs of the whole hu-\\nman family are in jeopardy from the viciously educated horse;\\nfor it is not necessary for one to engage in his use to meet death\\nat his hands. Only go upon the street at night or high neon,\\nand a runaway horse is liable to dart from an alley or cross\\nstreet and run you down to your death. Hence the vital impor-\\ntance of giving special attention to these features of the horse s\\neducation.\\nTo be sure all these branches require special instruction,\\nby competent teachers, with other implements than the whip\\nand club.\\nBy way of illustration, imagine a fine, spirited young horse\\nof, perhaps, more than ordinary intelligence. He has received\\nthe ordinary course of primary instruction given young horses\\nin breaking, and has always deported himself in the most\\ndecorous manner; consequently, is considered safe, as horses\\ngo, until some emergency arises wherein his education, or lack\\nof education, is put to the test. Suddenly, while descending a\\ndeclivity, the breast strap breaks; the carriage is forced upon", "height": "4258", "width": "2882", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14 Introduction.\\nhis heels; instantly the erstwhile dooile animal is transformed\\ninto a most desperate and unmanageable brute. He follows his\\nnatural instinct to flee from what frightens him, and to employ\\nhis heels in the destruction of a real or imaginary foe. Where-\\nas, a few special lessons administered for the special purpose of\\nacquainting the horse with the harmless character of such oc-\\ncurrences, and how to act his part in such emergencies, catas-\\ntrophies of the kind may never occur. The horse is capable of\\nvery great accomplishments; and it is only a species of criminal\\nnegligence which permits his education on these most impor-\\ntant points to be so sadly neglected.\\nThe time was, and not long since, when the horse, aside\\nfrom the railroad, was about all the terrestrial locomotive pow-\\ner available. Then one was almost obliged to take a chance\\nwith fate. But with the advent of the bicycle, th3 electric car,\\nand still more so the automobile, the necessity for using the\\nhorse is fast passing away. And if his use, and usefulness is to\\nbe continued, there must come a revolution in his education,\\nwhereby as many as possible of his undesirable qualities may be\\neliminated from his attributes.\\nThe horse of the future must be quite a different animal\\nfrom the horse of the past, otherwise the passing of the horse,\\nwill be much accelerated.", "height": "4243", "width": "2822", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "THE INDUCTIVE SYSTEM.\\nEXPLANATION \u00e2\u0080\u0094What I have chosen to call The Inductive System\\nof educating the horse lias been in partial practice from time immemorial:\\nhut not as a system\u00e2\u0080\u0094 only incidentally. As a scientific system, every species\\nof punishment and abuse is entirely eliminated, and the horse is induced\\nrather than coerced, to yield, or to perlorm an act. and from the first, his\\nconfidence and regard is to be cultivated, and never a cause sjiven him to\\ndistrust man. His domestication is to be made complete, to insure which, his\\neducation should be commeuced when but a few days old. See Treatment\\nof the Foal. But no matter when begun, the same kind, considerate treat-\\nment must be vouchsafed him.\\nTHE inductive system of educating the horse is based upon\\nthese fundamental principles: the horse is a creature of\\nhabit; he is governed by his natural timidity, actuated by\\nimpulse, and destitute of reasoning faculties; he has a very\\nretentive memory; with him, repeated acts become fixed habits\\nright or wrong; when by proper restraint, and direction, he is\\ninduced to do the right thing and not allowed to do the con-\\ntrary, that becomes his habit and incentive to action. This sys-\\ntem assumes that the horse is ever ready and willing to do what-\\never is required of him if it is only brought within his compre-\\nhension. And when he fails to do the right thing it is not from\\nany perversness on his part, but lack of skill in the trainer to\\nmake him understand what is desired. And to punish him for\\nhis apparent perversity is evidence of the ignorance on the part\\nof the trainer. What would be thought of a school teacher who\\nshould call up a pupil a beginner\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and punish him because he\\nwas unable to pronounce, or spell a word that he had never\\nbefore seen or heard of By common consent, such a teacher\\nwould be pronounced drunk, a fool or a knave, and utterly unfit\\nfor his occupation.", "height": "4269", "width": "2894", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "16\\nThe Itiductive System.\\nThe same is doubly true of the trainer who is guilty of pun-\\nishing the horse for not knowing what he has not been taught.\\nAnd such a trainer has no place in the inductive system.\\nIf the horse is to hold his own in the fierce competition with\\nthe various mechanical locomotive devices, he must be placed\\nupon his best behavior. He must leave off all his time honored\\nvices; and the inductive system of education is the only avail-\\nable means for accomplishing the desired end.\\nHard To Bridle,\\nILLUSTRATION NO. 1.\\nMany horses are hard to bridle; while many resist having\\ntheir heads touched, or handled in any way.\\nSometimes the trouble is about the ears or top of the head;", "height": "4310", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "The Inductive System. 17\\nsome horses there are that make no resistence to being bridled,\\nbut resist having their mouths touched or examined.\\nThese various forms of the same general vice have all\\nresulted from the repitition of a simple aU of successful resist-\\nance, which like all other vices of the horse could have been\\nmuch more easily prevented at the out set than overcome after\\nhaving been practiced indefinitely. It is the repetition of the act\\nthat develops, and confirms the habit.\\nTREATMENT.\\nThe treatment is similar for all such cases. Back the horse\\ninto a strong stall\u00e2\u0080\u0094 see illustration 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 put on his head a strong,\\nfive-ring halter; have a tie ring, or staple near the bottom of\\neach side of the stall; another at each side of the stall about\\neven with the point of the shoulder; and another on each side,\\nabout even with the top of the head. Now tie him up snug and\\nfast w th this six guy ropes. The object of this arrangement is\\nto make resistance impossible; at the same time teaching the\\nhorse that no harm will come to him by reason of having the\\noifending portions of his head handled.\\nNow handle, rub, aud caress all parts of his head, giving\\nparticular attention to the parts and features where resistance\\nis most pronounced: ears, nose, mouth, chin- bridle and unbri-\\ndle repeatedly. This like all other items in the education of\\nthe horse is a matter of repetition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of how many times.\\nWhen the horse has been thoroughly worked in this manner\\nand has become tractable, back him into the stall, as before, but\\nleave oif the guy lines. Buckle a foot-strap around each front\\nankle and fasten the feet together. Now pass the halter lead\\ndown under the ankle strap back up and tie it in the halter ring\\nwhereby the horse is prevented from lifting his head. Now\\nhandle the resisting parts of his head or bridle him as the case\\nmay be. If the horse has been thoroughly subdued, he does not", "height": "4264", "width": "2833", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "18\\nThe Inductive System.\\nfigure out the difference between the two hitches, but will yield\\nto the latter.\\nAfter he has been worked a few times with the foot hitch,\\nthat may be left off and the lead strap only brought round the\\nfront leg near the shoulder, and back up to the chin strap and\\nheld fast or tied.\\nA two fold object is subserved in this process of treating the\\nhorse: he is forced to submit to passive control, while he learns\\nhis fears of harm are groundless.\\nDuring the operation teach, him to eat sugar. Open his\\nmouth and administer a small quantity of fine, or granulated\\nsugar with a spoon; repeat this a few times, until he seems to\\nrelish it. Soon he will lick it from your hand; and later he will\\neat lump sugar.\\nAlso, frequently give him a few bites of oats. His appetite\\nis the source of a most powerful appeal to the horse s intelli-\\ngence and affections.\\nThe object of this treatment is to disabuse the mind of the\\nhorse of impending harm; reassure him, and cultivate his con-\\nfidence\\nAs this schooling progresses, his wild, scared, vicious\\nlook will gradually change to one of satisfaction and antici-\\npation.\\nThe number of times the horse is to be treated to the head\\nhitch, must be determined by the character of the individual.\\nIn some cases two or three treatments may suffice to effect a\\ncure; while others may require several times as many\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\nnumber like the state prison sentence is indeterminate. But is\\nto be repeated until a complete reformation is effected. And\\neven then the culprit is to be released upon parole during good\\nbehavior. However, when once the horse is fully reformed\\nthere will be no back-sliding, except from cause.", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "The Inductive System.\\nStall Hitch.\\n19\\nILLUSTRATION NO 2\\nThe horse that is green, or vicious, in the stall, is really\\nquite dangerous; and the management of such a one is often a\\nperilous undertaking.\\nTREATMENT.\\nFirst give the horse thorough and repeated work in the\\ngrape-vine hitch when practical. This tames him and gets him\\naccustomed to being approached and handled on all sides.\\nBefore it is safe to enter the stall with a green horse, he\\nmust be taught to stand over to the opposite side; for if you", "height": "4269", "width": "2885", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20 The Inductive System.\\nundertake to squeeze in by his side, he is very apt to crowd you;\\nand even bite and strike.\\nTo give the horse his preliminary stall education, tie him up\\nshort to the side of the barn, or a fence post, where he will be\\nrestrained from running round. Now take a fair sized rope\\ntwenty -five or thirty feet long; make the center of the rope fast\\nto the post, or where the horse is tied, and bring a loose end of\\nthe rope back on each side of the horse. Now take one of the\\nropes while your assistant takes the other, and step to the rear\\nof the horse back out of danger as the horse may possibly kick\\nat first. But if he has had proper work in the grape-vine hitch,\\nhe is not apt to kick now. Say get over, at the same time\\nforcing him over to the right or to the left. Then work him\\nover in the opposite direction. If he shows a disposition to kick\\nor offers much resistance, strap up a front foot with the knee-\\nstrap.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Work him over one way, and back the other, at each\\nmove saying: get over, until he steps over promptly.\\nNow let your assistant take the ropes while you, approach-\\ning the horse after the manner of entering the stall, place your\\nhand upon his hip and repeat: get over, at the same time\\npressing upon his hip, or slapping him, while your assistant\\nbrings him over with the rope. Work him back and forth in\\nthis way until he will respond readily without using the rope.\\nWhen given a sufficient amount of this preliminary work,\\nthe horse may be tied in the stall\\nIt is always best to handle the horse first in a large, or double\\nstall; afterwards in the single stall.\\nTake the rope that has been used to give him his prelimi-\\nnary work, or a similar one; fasten the middle of this rope to\\nthe tie-ring of the manger, and bring an end back over each side\\nof the stall. Now lead the horse into the stall, and tie him\\nup quite short.", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "The Inductive System. 21\\nGive the horse a work out in the stall similar to his prelimi-\\nnary lesson.\\nPerhaps so much detail in this particular connection appears\\nunnecessary. But not so. It is this very lack of essential de-\\ntails in the education of the horse that has been the source of\\nthe trouble and disasters connected with his use.\\nBut to proceed. Take the rope on the left hand side of the\\nhorse, carry it across behind him, bring it around the right hand\\nrear stall post, draw it up snugly and fasten it securely. See\\ncut 2. The horse can now neither run back, move forward,\\nkick, or crowd.\\nNow go in and out beside him; handle him and talk to him.\\nAfter a little treatment of this, kind, loosen up the rope, carry\\nit back in place, and bring the horse over with the right hand\\nrope, and treat him in a similar manner upon the right hand\\nside.\\nContinue this, alternating sides for a time. Teach the horse\\nto stand over in the stall by the use of the rope, accompanied\\nby the command get over; and the signal of the hand upon\\nhis hip, as before explained.\\nDuring this work with the horse, at each time, on entering\\nthe stall carry a measure of oats and give him a bite or two\\nthis will be quite effective in gaining his confidence.\\nBy this arrangement, the horse can be secured so that his\\nstall can be entered with safety.\\nBy tying him over, going in his stall, feeding him from the\\nmeasure, and carressing him and talking to him, he will soon\\nbecome gentle and glad to see you.\\nWhile it is far better to work out all green horses in the\\ngrape vine hitch, it is not absolutely necessary before educating\\nthem in the stall.", "height": "4269", "width": "2888", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "THE GRAPE VINE HITCH.\\nSuperior to all other Devices for Subduing* and\\nControling* the Horse.\\nIT has been the general practice, from John S. Rarey, the\\npioneer horse tamer and trainer, down to the present time,\\nto throw the horse as the principal means of effecting\\nhis subjugation, and for the purpose of enforcing submission\\nto certain educational tests for the purpose of overcoming his\\nnatural timidity and idiosyncracies. Nor has the practice been\\nlacking in marked success. But the world do move and, like\\nall other antiquities this process must give place to the superior\\ndevice\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the grape vine hitch.\\nThe merest novice will, at once, appreciate the great ad-\\nvantage of subjecting the horse to the various educational tests\\nwhile standing naturally upon his feet, over that of lying prone\\nupon his side. To say nothing about what can be done in the\\nway of harnessing, bridling, hitching, saddling and riding him.\\nThe first essential in the successful management of the\\ngreen or unbroken horse is to be able to circumvent any and all\\nhis efforts at resistance while administering passive treatment\\nto overcome his timidity and reassure him.\\nARRANGEMENT AND USE OF THE GRAPE VINE HITCH.\\nRy reference to the accompanying illustrations the arrange-\\nment of this device will be readily understood.\\nThe essential parts of this device are two upright posts set\\nfrom four to six feet apart to which to securely cross tie the\\nhorse; two strong ankle straps, which should be padded or made", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "The Grafc \\\\^i?ic Hitch,\\n23\\nIIXUSTRATION NO.", "height": "4255", "width": "2876", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "24 The Grape Vine Hitch.\\nas smooth as possible, for the hind feet; each ankle strap to be\\nfurnished with two strong rings; two ropes each fifteen or\\ntwenty feet long with which to anchor the hind feet from the\\nrear, and two stout pegs or iron pins to which to fasten these\\nropes. Then two more ropes twenty-five or thirty feet with\\nwhich to fasten the feet from the front, and two stout pegs or\\niron pins to which to fasten these front ropes. Then a short\\nrope or strap with which to fasten the feet together ten or\\ntwelve inches apart. And two short ropes and two more pegs\\nor pins to secure the feet from each side.\\nThe object of this device is to secure the horse perfectly,\\nupright upon his feet so that every thing done to him\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and he\\nwill think they are many before he has done with them\u00e2\u0080\u0094 shall\\nbe presented to him in a natural way while he stands upon his\\nfeet, and not while prone upon his side as is the case when the\\nhorse is thrown.\\nNow lead the horse into position, and cross tie him to the\\nposts as indicated. In the cuts, four posts are used, fastened at\\nthe top; while this is a preferable arrangement, it is not necess-\\nary to use but the two posts. Pulleys are also used to the more\\nreadily draw the ropes taut; but they are not necessary, but\\nuseful. Put on the ankle straps, adjust the ropes, and pin him\\nfirmly to the earth. In order to get the best results, it is quite\\nessential that the horse make a fight with his environment.\\nIt is also essential that every part of the surface of the\\nhorse be handled and tamed. If the horse is quite wild and\\nnervous, he is to be handled carefully and gently at first. Let\\na man commence on each side of him, at the same time, begin-\\nning at his ears, handle and rub him all over\u00e2\u0080\u0094 neck, breast, legs,\\nback, belly and tail\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all the while talking to him\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ho boy;\\ni take care boy; never mind boy. Kepeat this over and over,\\nbeginning at his head again and again, until he is fully assured,", "height": "4269", "width": "2806", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "The Chafe Vine Hitch.\\n25\\nILLUSTRATION NO. 4.", "height": "4246", "width": "2876", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "2f) The Grape Vine Hitch.\\nand has become docile. Now throw a blanket over him. This\\nwill startle him, and he will resume the fight. Handle and\\nquiet him as before. Keep up the work with the blanket until\\nhe comes to disregard it.\\nGet on and off his back from both sides, and from behind.\\nContinue this passive treatment with the use of umbrellas;\\nrattle-boxes; sacks rilled with straw; tin pans: sleigh bells;\\nnewspapers; drums; anything and everything at hand; working\\nthem over, under, and about the horse until he becomes recon-\\nciled and ceases to resist.\\nThis treatment should be administered in several or many\\nlessons according to the requirements of the particular subject.\\nNow educate the horse to being bridled and harnessed.\\nPut on and take off the bridle repeatedly. Continue to put it\\non and take it off until the horse has become entirely reconciled\\nto both operations, and offers no resistance.\\nNow educate him to being harnessed in the same way: Put\\non the harness and take it off repeatedly. Put it on, adjust the\\ncrouper and take it off a number of times. Put on the breast\\ncollar, and tie up the tugs snugly in the breeching, and repeat.\\nIt is repetition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 how many times that effects the education of\\nthe horse.\\nThe cart may now be run up and the horse hitched up\\nstill confined in the hitch. Shake the cart, tip, and carry it from\\nside to side; get into the cart adjust the lines; drop the rattle\\nbox, sacks of straw and newspapers at his heels, round and un-\\nder him.\\nBy subjecting the horse to all these tests sufficiently often\\nwhile he is so confined that he can offer no resistance, he will?\\neventually, lose all disposition to offer resistance\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it will have\\nbeen educated out of him. As els where remarked, the success-\\nul education of the horse must partake of the characteristics", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "The Graf c Vine Hitch,\\n27\\nILLUSTRATION NO. 5.", "height": "4258", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "28\\nThe Grape Vine Hitch.\\nof a progressive schooling. The mistake made by the ordinary\\nhorse breaker is that he attempts to do the whole thing at\\nonce. He manages to get the harness upon the green horse.\\nILLUSTRATION NO. 6.\\nhitches him up and tries to beat a finished education into him,\\nall at one lesson.\\nThe grape vine hitch is invaluable in the treatment of most\\nkickers, and shyers, as a means of passive subjection.", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "The Grape Vine Hitch. 29\\nCuts 3, 4, 5 and 6, illustrate the many ways in which the\\ngrape vine hitch may be used to educate the horse in docility.\\nHabits are the result of repeated acts. These acts may be\\nright or wrong. If right, right habits are formed If wrong,\\nwrong habits. Hence, the importance of having such means of\\ncontrol as the grape vine hitch, the head hitch and the stall\\nhitch.\\nThere is scarcely a young horse living, no matter how well\\nbroken in the ordinary way, that would not be greatly benefitted\\nand rendered far more safe and tractable by a thorough course\\nin the grape vine hitch.", "height": "4264", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "HOW TO CURE THE HALTER-PULLER.\\nIE the horse has been properly handled in breaking to halter he\\nwill never become a halter puller. But if his education has\\nbeen defective, and has resulted in making a halter-puller\\nof him, he may be treated as follows, see cut 7. Take a five-eights\\nPi N?\\nf .*\u00e2\u0080\u0094*h*\\nW\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0fe\\n1 p 1\\n1\\ns4B\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n1\\nBilliii\\nILLUSTRATION NO.\\ninch rope about twenty feet long; tie a small loop in one end of\\nthe rope, and make a slip noose round the horse s body just in\\nfront of the hips, bringing the knot under the center of the body.", "height": "4264", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "How to Cure the I/alto -Pulley. 31\\nNow pass the loose end of the rope forward, between the horse s\\nfront legs, up through the chin ring of the halter, and tie him\\nfast in the stall or to a post. Now, provoke him to pull back\\nby making demonstrations in front of him. He will make a\\nnumber of efforts to free himself, but will soon give it up.\\nIt will be best to tie him in this way for several days, when\\nthe habit will be entirely overcome, and he can be tied in the\\nusual way.\\nHow to Tie Up the Green Horse.\\nThe green horse or colt may be tied up with all safety after\\nthe manner described for the halter-puller. Indeed this is the\\nsurest way to tie him to insure his never developing into a\\nhalter-puller.\\nHowever, it is usually safe to tie the green horse up in the\\nstall, with a good strong halter, providing a rope is stretched\\nbehind him so he cannot come back on his halter before he has\\nlearned to vieid to its restraint.", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "BREAKING THE HORSE TO HARNESS.\\nSINCE the principal use of the horse is to work ar\u00c2\u00bbd drive in\\nharness, the most important department of his education\\npertains to that feature. Nor can its importance be\\nover estimated when the difference between the value of an\\nintelligent, tractable, well broken horse, and one that is indif-\\nferently or viciously broken is considered.\\nIf the horse is wild, nervous or restive, he should be worked\\nout in the grape vine hitch. And whether he is or not it will\\nbe good for him, as precaution against accidents, while it gives\\nhim a safe introduction to the cart, but does not directly teach\\nhim the art of driving.\\nThere are many different ways by which the horse may be\\ninitiated into the mysteries of driving, any of which may result\\nsuccessfully providing they are applicable to the nature and\\nunderstanding of the horse.\\nSupposing the horse to be broken to lead, and fairly tame:\\nPut on him a set of good, strong, single harness, tying the tugs\\nquite snugly into the breeching rings Now put on him an\\nopen bridle with side check\u00e2\u0080\u0094 no over check should be used on\\nthe horse until he is well broken. The bit may be an ordinary\\njoint or snaffle, with side yards; or, if the horse is inclined to be\\nwild or restive, it may be well to use a Sanborn, Wilson or\\nRockwell bit.\\nAt first, do not check the horse at all, or at most very loosely\\nuntil you ascertain if he is disposed to fight the bit. Have a\\ngood strong pair of lines of extra length. Snap or buckle the\\nlines into the bit, but leave them entirely free from the harness-", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "Breaking the Horse to Harness, 33\\nThe best place to first work, or train the horse, is in a small\\npaddock, or enclosure, from fifty to a hundred feet in diameter.\\nAnd, if convenient, it is best to have the help of an assistant.\\nThe all-important thing is to show the horse just what you\\nwant him to do; how to do it; and have him do it: and repeat\\nit until he fully comprehends what is required of him, avoiding\\nall confusion, and harshness.\\nSupposing you have the desired enclosure, and the assist-\\nant: Having the horse harnessed as directed, have your assist-\\nant lead him into the enclosure, and a few times round it to\\nthe left, while, with the left line free pending from the bit, and\\nthe right line crossing the neck near the shoulders, you drive\\nhim along, the while clacking to him, and telling him to get\\nup, go long. After going a few times round, have your as-\\nsistant stop him by means of his halter lead, while at the same\\ntime you check him by means of the lines, and say whoa.\\nThen both approach him, caress and handle him, and compel\\nhim to stand for a time.\\nAfter working him for a time in this way, reverse sides and\\nwork him in a similar manner to the right. See cut No. 8.\\nAs soon as the horse has acquired the proper notion of go-\\ning around the enclosure, which often requires but a few\\nminutes, your assistant may tie up or remove the lead strap\\nfrom the halter, and, later, when the horse has acquired a pretty\\ndefinite idea of what is required of him, tie the lead strap to the\\ncenter of the breeching behind, and teach him to draw\u00e2\u0080\u0094 gradu-\\nally increasing the force used until the horse will readily draw\\nthe force of both assistant and trainer. As simple as this pro-\\ncess appears to be, and so easy of performance, yet, when\\npracticed as here described, the whole foundation for the speedy\\nand effective education of the horse is laid. In fact, the horse\\nhas only to go on practicing what he has here learned, and his", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "34 Breaking the Horse to Harness.\\neducation is complete, so far as that of the ordinary horse is\\nconcerned.\\nHe has learned the use of the bridle and lines; the signals\\nto start and stop; and to draw a light load If he is to be used\\nsingle, he must learn to work in the shafts; if double, he must\\nlearn the use of the wagon tongue.\\nWhether or not you have the desired enclosure in which to\\nwork the horse, the principles upon which he is to be worked\\nand the manner of working him is to be practically the same.\\nIf you have not the enclosure, you must take him into the\\nopen field; or onto the highway; only more care must be exer-\\ncised to prevent his getting away from you.\\nIn any case, where the horse is wild or restive, whether\\nyou work him in an enclosure, or in the open -especially if in\\nthe open\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it is best to put on the single foot rope to teach him\\nto stop and stand. The all-important point is to make the\\nhorse think he must do what is required of him, before he, by\\npractice, learns the contrary.\\nSupposing at any time you are driving the horse with the\\nlines arranged as before described, and he should refuse to be\\ncontroled and start to run: you can drop one line, apply all\\nyour force upon the other, and cause him to face round and\\nstop. Whereas, if the lines are in the terret rings, or shaft lugs\\nthis could not be done.\\nTime Given Preliminary Work.\\nThe amount of time devoted to this preliminary work is to\\nbe determined by the character of each particular horse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 there\\nis far more danger of its being too little than too much.\\nOn the farm where there is no necessity for hastening the\\nbreaking of the horse, one or more lessons each day, given at\\nodd times, will very shortly suffice.\\nBut, in case you are to make a business of breaking one or", "height": "4305", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "Breaking the Horse to Harness, 35\\nmore horses\u00e2\u0080\u0094 two can be broken in about the same time as one,\\nsince the one cannot be worked to advantage, more than half\\nthe time\u00e2\u0080\u0094 if one, work him half an hour, then let him rest half\\nan hour; if two, work and rest each alternately half an hour\\nYou must understand that the time mentioned\u00e2\u0080\u0094 half an\\nhour\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is only approximately correct. But is to be varied ac-\\ncording to circumstances.\\nDouble Object Subserved.\\nThis preliminary work given subserves a double purpose-\\ngeneral and specific: it gets the horse under control, makes\\nhim tractable, and at the same time teaches him directly what\\nis required of him. Every time the horse responds intelligibly\\nto the command to start or to stop, or yields to the pressure of\\nthe rein to the right or the light; he has further developed, or\\nintensified the essential steps leading up to his ultimate edu-\\ncation.\\nFurther Illustrations.\\nSince so much of success depends upon the small, simple\\ndetails usually overlooked by the ordinary trainer, at the risk\\nof repetition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 for the whole success in breaking the horse is de-\\npendent upon repetition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 essentially the same ground may be\\ncovered again, from a different standpoint. It is very impor-\\ntant that the horse should stand quietly while being harnessed\\nand hitched up. Supposing you are about to harness the horse\\npreparatory to giving him his first lesson in driving, and the\\nplace is on the barn floor or gang-way. Stretch a strong rope\\nacross the space, having a ring fastened in the rope conven-\\niently oppos te the center of the barn door, to which the horse\\nis to be tied. If the horse be restive, and refuses to stand while\\nbeing harnessed put on the single foot strap, or knee strap,\\ntake up a front foot and compel him to stand. Now, do not", "height": "4268", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "36 Breaking the Horse to Harness.\\nthrow the harness across his back in such a manner as to\\nfrighten him, but place it upon him carefully and gently.\\nPut on the crouper, adjust the harness and buckle up the belly\\nband loosely. Put on the breast collar and bridle\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all quietly\\nand carefully. Now, take the harness off and put it on several\\ntimes, till he has become quite accustomed to it, and offers no\\nresistance. It is not enough to simply put the harness on the\\nhorse once, as is usually done, but put it on, adjust, and take it\\noff; then put it on again, giving him thorough practice in this\\nimportant branch of his education. If, at this early stage in\\nhis education the horse is taught to stand still while being har-\\nnessed, it becomes a fixed habit with him. While if he acquires\\nthus early, a restive habit, that becomes his subsequent rule of\\naction.\\nThe same repetition is to be observed in familiarizing the\\nhorse with the bridle put the bridle on and take it off repeat-\\nedly, until he has become fully accustomed to it. All the while\\ncompelling him to stand, which, if he will not do otherwise,\\nfasten up his front foot.\\nHaving fully familiarized the horse with the process of har-\\nnessing and bridling, he is ready to take his first lesson in\\ndriving.\\nThe horse is now standing cross tied -or tied to a rope\\nstretched across the barn door\u00e2\u0080\u0094 harnessed, with the tugs tied\\nsnugly in the breeching rings; has on an open bridle with side\\nchecks, either not checked up at all or very loosely; the lines\\nsnapped into the bridle, but in no way connected with the\\nharness; he moy or may not have on the single foot strap\u00e2\u0080\u0094 this\\nto be determined by the character of the horse. Now take the\\nfoot strap in your right hand and the lines in your left, have\\nyour assistant untie the horse and lead him out of the barn.\\nNow there are but a few things necessary to be taught to", "height": "4309", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Breaking the Horse to Harness. 37\\nthe horse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 very simple and easily taught, yet of the utmost im-\\nportance.\\nThe horse is supposed to be in the open ground, or, perhaps\\nupon the public highway.\\nDetails of the Work.\\nTeaching the word Whoa. Your assistant taking a short\\nhold upon the lead strap leads the horse out of the barn walk-\\ning a little to the left and in front of him After moving along\\nfor a few rods at an understood signal (simultaneously) your\\nassistant stops, you take up the horse s foot by means of the\\nfoot strap and say Whoa! and the horse is brought to a sud-\\nden stand still. After standing for a few minutes start the\\nhorse along again, repeating this lesson until he has acquired a\\npretty correct idea of the meaning of Whoa!\\nIt is immaterial whether the horse is moved forward in a\\nstraight line or in a circle, when receiving these lessons; but it is\\nall-important that he be compelled to stop and to stand. After\\nhe has been repeatedly stopped by means of the lead strap and\\nthe foot strap, gradually introduce the use of the lines; and\\nfinally the lines only, discarding the other appliances. After\\nworking him for a sufficient time to give him a fair understand-\\ning of what is required of him, let your ass stant step to the rear\\nand take the foot rope while you further instruct the horse in\\nthe art of driving; repeatedly stopping him and approaching\\nhim from both sides, handling and caressing- him.\\nAs before remarked, it is immaterial so far as teaching the\\nhorse to stop and to start is concerned, in what direction he is\\ndriven. But an important feature of his education is compre-\\nhended in driving him around in a circle to the right and to the\\nleft. It is also desirable to change the diameter of the circle-\\nsome times wide and again narrow. When the circle is quite", "height": "4265", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "38\\nBreaking the Horse to Harness.\\nnarrow the inside line pending free from the bit, acts as a lead\\nstrap, teaching the horse to make a short forward turn, which\\nwill be much help to him, subsequently when he is hitched in\\nthe shafts\u00e2\u0080\u0094as will be explained further on.\\nWhen the horse is brought sufficiently under control the\\nILLUSTRATION NO. 8.\\nfoot rope may be discarded and the horse controlled wholly with\\nthe lines.\\nWhen working the horse in the open ground or upon the\\nhighways after he is fairly under control, work him over a\\nsmall track in the form of the figure 8 by which means he", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Breaking the Horse to Harness. 89\\nwill be turned alternately to the left and to the right at eaeh\\ncircuit of the track.\\nThe Amount of this Preliminary Work\\nto be given must be determined by the needs of each particu-\\nlar horse; but in all cases sufficient to thoroughly educate him\\nso far as attempted. Indeed this is the foundation well laid\\nfor all his subsequent work.\\nUsually thirty to forty minutes is long enough for a lesson\\nwith about the same interval for rest.\\nIf you have two horses to break work them alternately.\\nIf three or four work them in succession, varying the time\\ndevoted to each according to his requirements.\\nWith some horses from three to five preparatory lessons\\nmay be sufficient: while with others several times as many\\nmay be given with advantage. No fear of giving too many\\nfor you are preparing the horse for his life woik. And his\\nfuture usefulness depends largely upon his early education.\\nHitching the Horse Single.\\nThe horse is now ready to be hitched double or single.\\nBut supposing the design is to hitch him single. Bring him\\nout upon the barn floor facing the door and tie him fast and\\nshort in his accustomed place and harness him as usual. It\\nis best to put on him an ordinary kick strap\u00e2\u0080\u0094 or a Sisson kick\\nstrap if you have it\u00e2\u0080\u0094 at first and keep it on until all danger\\nof his kicking is passed. The way to avoid accidents is to\\nanticipate them. It is possible that the horse may take fright\\nat the shafts or some other object and kick over the shafts\\nand cause much damage.\\nIf the horse has been thoroughly drilled as described, he\\nhas now really only to learn how to work in the shafts\u00e2\u0080\u0094 he", "height": "4240", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "40 Breaking the Horse to Harness.\\nhas learned the use of the bridle, the line^, breeching, collar\\nand also to draw a light load.\\nBring up the cart and hitch him up carefully and quietly.\\nIf he is restive and does not stand quietly take up one foot\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nthe important point is for him to learn to stand while being\\nhitched.\\nWhen he is all hitched up let him remain tied fast and if\\nnecessary let his foot remain up; let your assistant stand at\\nhis head to quiet and restrain him, while you get into the\\ncart, take up the lines, work the springs up and down, get\\nout, shake the cart causing the shafts to rub his sides. Geo\\nin and out of the cart a number of times.\\nNow unhitch the horse, lead him back to the stall, let\\nhim stand a few minutes, then bring him out again, hitch\\nhim up as before. Repeat this operation until he has become\\nquite familiar with the process of hitching up and unhitching.\\nDriviDg* to the Cart.\\nNow hitch the horse to the cart it is always best to have\\nsome kind of a break-cart, with long strong shafts\u00e2\u0080\u0094 take the\\nlines and your position behind the cart; let your assistant\\nuntie the horse and lead him slowly and carefully out of the\\nbarn.\\nIf in any case there are doubts about the manageability\\nof the horse, put on him the single foot strap.\\nNow take the horse to where he has been accustomed to\\ndoing his circular work. Work him around the circle both\\nways as in his preliminary work. When he has got fairly to\\ngoing take hold of the cart with one hand and gradually force\\nhim to pull more than the cart. If at any time he seems dis-\\ninclined to draw push the cart after him. It is only necessary", "height": "4269", "width": "2830", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Breaking the Horse to Harness. 41\\nto have him think he can draw it and help him a little, per-\\nhaps, and show him how and all will be well.\\nAt the proper time, which will be determined by how he\\ntakes his work, get into the cart and allow him to draw the\\nadditional weight. Later on your assistant may fall back at\\nthe side of the horse and gradually shift his position back till\\nhe takes his place behind the cart, and later, upon it But,\\nat any time that the horse gets confused, stops or refuses to\\nturn the desired way, he must receive prompt assistance\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\ndon t try to force him under any circumstances, at this early\\nstage of his education, and later it will be entirely unneces-\\nsary. Lead him out of his trouble.\\nWork the horse in this quiet, considerate way for thirty 1\\nforty or sixty minutes, according to the prevailing conditions\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094if you have the time, and the horse takes his work kindly\\nand does not seen to tire, why then his work may be continued\\nmuch longer than otherwise. It is only a loss\u00e2\u0080\u0094 or worse than\\nloss of time to continue to work the horse when he is excited,\\nnervous or much tired.\\nBear in mind that if the horse is hitched and given a les-\\nson of thirty minutes, alternating with thirty minutes rest\\nthroughout the day, he will have learned far more than if\\nhitched up and worked the entire day.\\nTo Illustrate: Suppose you hitch the horse at seven\\no clock in the morning and begin his work. At noon he will\\nhave been harnessed five times; will have been hitched five\\ntimes; will have had five lessons in driving; will have been\\nunhitched and unharnessed five times.\\nNow give him an hour off for noon and duplicate his fore-\\nnoon s program in the afternoon, and the result will be a quite\\nwell-broken horse.\\nThis is the inductive system\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the system by which the", "height": "4255", "width": "2884", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "42 Br\u00e2\u0082\u00acahing the Horse to Harness.\\nhorse is educated step by step by the method that appeals to\\nhis intelligence, every act required of him is so presented as\\nto be comprehended by him and then by repetition he comes\\nto respond cheerfully to all requirements.\\nNor is there any direct punishment of any kind embraced\\nor provided for in the system; or even harshness. In certain\\ncases where restraint is necessary some pain may be unavoid-\\nable; but none inflicted intentionally.\\nWhereas, if the green horse is simply hitched up, shigle or\\ndouble, the whip applied which is the manner of the ^de-\\nductive system and driven or worked all day, he is a very\\ntired or exhausted horse that knows but little more abrut\\ndriving than he did at the expiration of the first thirty min-\\nutes work. For when the horse becomes tired his mind be-\\ncomes torpid and he ceases to learn. For this reason it is\\nquite possible to work the horse for several months on the\\nfarm and yet he will be far from being well broken.\\nIf, as is often the case, the horse at any stage of his\\nschooling develops an aversion to being bridled, give him a\\ncourse of treatment as directed for the horse, Bad to Bridle.\\nSee cut JSTo. 1.\\nAt an early stage in the horse s education it is best to\\nbegin handling his feet. See Handling the Horse s Feet,\\ncuts 9 and 10 and at each time the horse is harnessed and\\nunharnessed take up and handle his feet all around.\\nUse of the Whip.\\nWhen the horse has been fairly started\u00e2\u0080\u0094 has had a few\\nlessons in driving, he is ready to become acquainted with the\\nuse of the whip. It is essential that he shall early learn to\\nmove away from the whip; but this is to be taught him by\\nscaring him rather than by punishment. If he does not seem", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Breaking the Horse to Harness. 43\\nto be sufficiently afraid of the whip and is slow to learn, put\\non him the single harness or bitting harness, turn him into a\\nsmall paddock, chase and scare him around with the whip.\\nA few lessons of this kind will usually suffice.\\nBitting the Horse.\\nBefore beginning to break the horse to harness it is very\\ndesirable that he be subjected to a course of bitting. It will\\nbe good for him to wear the bitting harness and bridle for\\ntwo or three hours daily\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not checked up but loosely.\\nIf he has not been bitted and the time has come to begin\\nhis education, he should wear the bitting harness at intervals\\nwhen not otherwise engaged.\\nUse of the Saddle Horse.\\nIt is often of much assistance, and in keeping with the in-\\nductive system, to use a saddle horse in teaching the beginner\\nto drive single. An assistant mounted upon a saddle horse\\ntakes the long leading strap and by leading soon gives the be-\\nginner a good start. This is a very good method in almost all\\ncases, and far the best way where the horse appears slow to\\nlearn\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and stupid.\\nShaft Guard.\\nThe outside tube of a bicycle tire the single tube tire is\\nbest, being stilfer which can be obtained at any bicycle repair\\nshop, makes a good guard to prevent the lines from catching\\nunder the ends of the shafts. Cut a 28 or 30 inch tire in halves;\\ntake one half and slip the two ends over the ends of the shafts.\\nHow to Manage the Shying* Horse.\\nThe primary cause for the horse s shying is fear. Proper\\nand judicious treatment will entirely overcome the habit, while", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "44 Breaking the Horse to Harness.\\nignorant brutality will, as is frequently practiced, develop it\\nto a vicious and dangerous degree.\\nAs stated elsewhere in this work, the horse is, by nature, the\\nconsummation of timidity and, coincidently, of fleetness. The\\ntwo characteristics being co-existent, each having contributed\\nto intensify the other.\\nIf the horse had not been exceedingly timid, he would not\\nhave his present conformation which is so well adapted to rapid\\nlocomotion. While it would be, indeed, very convenient to\\nhave the horse divested of his foolish and groundless fears, to\\nthose fears are due all his valuable and superior qualities. If\\nthe horse s environment had been, during his formative stages,\\nless frought with dangers and alarms, he would not now be the\\nagile, quick, fleet, beautiful animal he is, but correspondingly\\nclumsy and stupid, for it is due to those prevailing conditions\\nthat those undesirable qualities have been eliminated from his\\nnature. Hence, horse is a synonym for the super-combination\\nfor timidity and rleetness. From time immemorial the horse\\nhas fled precipitately from real and imaginary foes. This pro-\\nclivity has left its impress upon his posterity, and finds express-\\nion in the shying of the horse, and in the runaway horse.\\nDoubtless, there was a time in the earlier periods of his ex-\\nistence when flight was a necessary condition to self preserva-\\ntion. But long after flight ceased to be an actual necessity\\nforce of habit and an active imagination was effective in perpet-\\nuating the propensity, This is readily seen in the transforma-\\ntion of the runaway horse. Every repetition of the act increases\\nthe temptation to runaway, until the animal becomes averitable\\nmonomaniac.\\nThe first offence is the result of a very common place acci-\\ndent\u00e2\u0080\u0094the single tree falls upon tha horse s heels; a wheel comes\\noff\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the horse starts up suddenly, when, if the driver is unable", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "Breaking the Horse to Harness, 45\\nat once to control and reassure him, his alarm and flight are in-\\ncreased, lie soon becomes terror stricken, and blindly dashes\\nforward in his efforts to free himself from the trammeling\\nvehicle. Finally, mad with fear and rage, he comes into violent\\ncollision with some ob tacle, and is piled upon the ground\\nbleeding, dirty and exhausted unable to extricate himself from\\nthe wreck and ruin he has wrought.\\nNow, if the horse possessed even the smallest degree of\\njudgment or reason, he must readilv peiceive that his distress\\nand discomforture were due to his own morbid imagination, and\\ngroundless fears; and he would resolve never to be so deceived\\nagain. But not so. He is manifold more disposed to run away\\non a recurrence of a similar accident than before; and his sus-\\nceptibility is measurably increased by each subsequent accident.\\nEventually, after frequent indulgences, running away becomes\\nhis sole business and aim in life. And once a horse becomes\\naddicted to this vice he is never to be trusted.\\nNot because it affords him any pleasure does the horse ac-\\nquire and indulge the habit of running away, but because the\\nins inct of predominating fear has been implanted in his being,\\nfirst as a necessary precaution to self preservation, subsequently\\nfrom indulgence, and force of habit.\\nThe same sentiments actuate the shying horse. His fear\\nand suspicion attains to superstition. He imagines every unfa-\\nmiliar sight and sound to be a lurking foe ready to pounce upon\\nhim and drag him to his death.\\nWhile the horse is endowed with much intelligence and\\nmental capacity along certain lines, the faculty of reason and\\njudgment are quite wanting.\\nAVhy should the horse have such a superstitious fear of a\\nstone, or other similar object lying beside the road; of paper or\\nother object rolling along the ground? It is not because that", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46 Breaking the Horse to Harness.\\nhe has ever been harmed by any such object; or that his imme-\\ndiate ancestors have been. But because it was the wont of his\\nearlier progenitors, during the evolutionary stages of their\\nexistence, to flee precipitately for their lives, from lurking,\\nprowling, and persuing enemies. And this habit has left its\\nimpress upon the mentality of their progeny, just as definitely\\nas have they their physical conformation adapting them to rapid\\nflight in which they excel, all terrestrial animals; also the result\\nof indulgence for thousands of generations.\\nFear inducing the horse to shy, or impelling him to run-\\naway, causes him pain and suffering\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a timid person can read-\\nily appreciate the feelings of the timid horse. And right here\\nis where the ignorant and thoughtless driver makes his fatal\\nblunder\u00e2\u0080\u0094 increasing the horse s alarm instead of allaying it, by\\napplying the whip.\\nWhile it is a fact that many horses can be forced up to\\nobjects, by the use of the whip, there are others that are ren-\\ndered unreliable and dangerous by whipping for shying, and\\nmany lives have been sacrificed as a result.\\nHence, prudence will suggest that the proper method is the\\none that will succeed in all cases, rather than taking the chances\\nof failure and disaster in a single case.\\nTREATMENT.\\nFrom the diagnosis of the case, the remedy is, at once, ap-\\nparent. Tne horse is in no wise to blame for his timidity, not-\\nwithstanding it appears utter foolishness for a great strong\\nhorse s becoming terror stricken at a newspaper or an empty\\nbarrel or similar harmless object, than he is for his color-\\nindeed he is to be pitied more than blamed.\\nHe is to be familiarized with objects which excite his fear?\\nwhen his fears will vanish. It is a part\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and a very essential", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Breaking the Horse to Harness. 47\\npart -of the horse s education. This education is to be im-\\nparted directly and incidently: To reassure the horse and to\\nsecure his confidence and respect.\\nTREATMENT OF THE SHYING HORSE.\\nWhen the horse becomes alarmed at any object however\\ntrivial, it causes him actual pain. How cruel then for the\\nthoughtless and ignorant driver to add physical suffering to the\\nhelpless animal by beating him. Jt must be readily apparent\\nthat the proper way to overcome the propensity to shying is to\\nremove the cause. The cause is groundless fear\u00e2\u0080\u0094 overcome it.\\nAt the proper stage in the education of the horse he should\\nbe given some special lessons for the purpose of counteracting\\nthis natural disposition\\nPlace in the cart or wagon a number of articles -sacks of\\nstraw, papers, blankets, barrels drive down the road and drop\\nthem out at intervals. Now turn rouud and drive back. On\\napproaching the first object have your assistant get out and, if\\nnecessary lead the horse up to the object, pick it up and allow\\nthe horse to examine it. Drop it down and pass on to the next;\\nhandle it in the same manner; and so on with the entire num-\\nber. Now turn round and repeat the lesson; go over and over\\nit again and again until the horse has become quite indifferent\\nto the sight or presence of the objects.\\nNow gather them up and distribute them in another locality\\nand repeat.\\nThus the horse is given direct education.\\nIncidentally the horse can be educated by taking him up\\nquietly with reassuring language to all objects which excite his\\nfear, allowing him to examine them and learn their harmless\\ncharacter.\\nThis treatment has a two-fold effect\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it teaches the horse", "height": "4250", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "48\\nBreaking the Horse to Harness.\\nthat such and similar objects are harmless, and gives him con-\\nfidence in his driver which shall ultimately develope into com-\\nplete assurance to approach with intrepidity any object that\\nmay be encountered.\\nTo the ordinary horse-breaker such schooling doubtless\\nappears unnecessary. But the horse is being prepared for his\\nlife work, and such preparation is far-reaching in its effect,\\ndirectly and indirectly, and may be instrumental in saving life.\\n^0", "height": "4269", "width": "2826", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "THE HORSE S FOOT.\\nNO department of equine economy exceeds in importance\\nthat of the pedal extremities\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 unless it be\\nthe head. Hence,get his head right and his feet right\\nthen keep them right and the horse will seldom go wrong.\\nProper education and judicious subsequent treatment will\\nkeep his head right; but his feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 shod or unshod\u00e2\u0080\u0094 must re-\\nmain a constant source of solicitude and object of attention.\\nApparently nature has been guilty of a grievious o\\\\er-\\nsight in the structure and manner of growth of the horse s\\nfoot, or else man has failed to interpret her designs inasmuch\\nas nine-tenths of all the ailments which disable the horse\\nhave their origin in certain pathological or abnormal condi-\\ntions of the feet.\\nWith the exception of the equine species there is no other\\nanimal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 domestic or wild\u00e2\u0080\u0094 whose feet require the interven-\\ntion of man to preserve their integrity; and with him it is\\nonly in his domestic state, for in his wild condition his habits\\nand the character of the ground over which he ranges is quite\\neffective in keeping his feet worn to their proper form and\\nsize.\\nNot so is his domesticated brother in the hands of his\\nfriends whose neglectful ignorance of his requirements has\\ndoomed him to an existence of decrepitude and suffering.\\nStructure of the Leg*.\\nFUNCTION OF THE MUSCLES.\\nThe function of the muscles by reason of their reciprocal\\naction\u00e2\u0080\u0094 contraction anl extension\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is to impart motion to", "height": "4253", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "50 The Horse s Foot.\\nthe various members and parts of the body and locomotion to\\nthe animal, the bones acting as levers upon which the muscles\\nmay act. Wherever alternate motion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 as in the movements\\nof the legs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is provided for, the muscles are arranged in\\nopposing or reciprocal sets or pairs; one set of muscles moving\\nthe leg forward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 extending it\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and the opposing set carrying\\nit backward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 flexing it. Below the knee and the hock no\\nmuscular tissue is found; only the various tendons to which\\nthe muscles are attached.\\nWhen the fact that the knee and the hock together with\\nall the joints below are almost rigid hinge joints; and the\\nfurther fact of the intense strain to which all the joints are\\nsubjected in either drawing a heavy load, fast trotting or\\nrunning, the necessity for a sure and safe foundation\u00e2\u0080\u0094a prop-\\nerly leveled and balanced foot\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is at once apparent. And any\\ndeviation from this proper adjustment of the foot subjects\\nthe entire leg to a strain, the intensity of which is indirect\\nproportion to the violence of the shock and the departure\\nfrom the proper balance.\\nThe leg of the horse is constructed upon a certain definite\\nmechanical plan which presupposes the normal bearing or\\nground surface of the foot to conform to that plan, the whole\\nconstituting an effective and harmonious locomotory apara-\\ntus. But when once the balance of the foot is subverted the\\nwhole machinery of the leg is thrown out of harmonious\\naction, resulting in the undue concussion and pressure of the\\nbones at the joints, at certain points of their circumference\\nand a straining of the tendons and the ligaments at the\\nopposite corresponding points. For example: If the toe is\\nunduly lengthened or the heel lowered too much the result\\nwill be to strain the tendons and ligaments at the\\nback part of the leg and to crowd together the edges of", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "The Horse s Foot, 51\\nthe bones forming the joints on the front part of the leg.\\nThe same ?s true regarding the raising or lowering of any\\npoint of the plantar surface of the foot whereby its equili-\\nbrium, or balance is disturbed; on the one side disease is in-\\nduced by crowding together the edges of the bones forming\\nthe joint; while upon the opposite side of the joint, increased\\nstrain is brought to bear upon the ligaments resulting in more\\nor less severe lesions.\\nThe Proper Balance and Angle of the Foot.\\nThe foot must be constantly watched and repeatedly\\nrasped to retain its normal size and proportion. If nature\\nhad provided for the growth of the hoof as fast as\\nneeded to repair the wear, and no faster, why, then,\\nthe horse would have been relieved from a multitude\\nof ills and ailments, and his owner of much solici-\\ntude and responsibility. However, as the matter exists\\nevery day s growth and unequal wear tends to unbalancing\\nthe foot. Nor is the equal growth maintained throughout\\nthe entire circumference of the foot. Hence, two causes-\\nunequal wear and unequal growth\u00e2\u0080\u0094 are constantly working\\nto interfere with the balance of the foot.\\nThe joints of the leg having relatively little lateral\\nmovement, any disturbance or variation, from the true lat-\\neral balance, as the raising or lowering of the inside or out-\\nside of the foot, subjects the foot and leg to dangers similar\\nto those where the toe is too high; or perhaps even worse\\nsince the leg by its structure and use is not so well adapttd\\nto resist a lateral strain as a perpendicular one. And the\\nvarious ailments to which the leg is subject\u00e2\u0080\u0094 spavin, ring-\\nbone, side bones, splint, wind-galls, curb, thorough-pin, bog", "height": "4265", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "52 The Horse s Foot.\\nspavin, navicular disease, diseased tendons\u00e2\u0080\u0094 may all be super-\\ninduced by an unbalanced foot.\\nThe front and back tendons of the horse s leg are so ad-\\njusted as to perfectly brace the leg\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the bones acting as the\\nfulcrum\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and the horse stands at perfect rest and ease, in a\\nnatural position, only when the foot is perfectly balanced.\\nWhen the toe is too high, the back tendons are strained, to\\nrelieve which the foot must be extended forward. If either\\nside of the foot is too low or too high, the leg receives a cor-\\nresponding lateral strain. Hence, it will be readily apparent\\nthat there is neither eomfort for the horse nor safety from\\nthe constant menace of disaster to the leg except in the per-\\nfectly balanced and symmetrical foot.\\nIt is essential that the foot be symmetrical; for if one half\\nor portion of the foot is larger, as is often the case, than the\\ncorresponding opposite area, in soft and uneven footing, act-\\ning at a leverage, has quite the same effect as being elevated.\\nIn connection with the unsymmetrical growth of the foot is\\nthe unfortunate condition that whore the foot tends to grow\\nlong or on one side, it wears down faster on the opposite\\nside, each condition fuither assisting the other in destroying\\nthe balance of the foot.\\nWhile it is very essential to regularly and periodically\\ndress and level the feet of horses running in pasture, the dan-\\nger of disorders arising from unbalanced feet is by no means\\nsoiminent as where horses are kept at all times shod, or kopt\\nin the barn unshod.\\nSuppose the horse to have his feet properly dressed and\\nleveled to-day, while possibly the same angle and level of the\\nsurface may be preserved, yet by the lengthening of the toe,\\nand the growing down and forward of the heel, the support-\\ning surface of the foot, is constantly carried forward, destroy-", "height": "4307", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "The Horse s Foot. 53\\niug the balance of the foot, and imposing undue strain upon\\nthe back tendons, as well as the navicular joint- in the front\\nleg. And predisposing to curb, spavin, puffed hocks and\\nankles in the hind leg.\\nThe natural structure of the foot has much to do with\\nmaintaining its proper shape and balance, whether left to\\ntake care of itself, or to the mercy of the unskillful shoer.\\nWhile many prefer the cup shaped foot to the flat foot the\\nlatter is not nearly so prone to disease itself, nor to involving\\nthe leg in misfortune as the former.\\nThe flatter foot affords more room and play for the inter-\\nnal structure; retains its normal frog pressure longer; and is\\nmuch less liable to contraction.\\nWhile the cup-shaped, or thoroughbred style of foot is\\nsubject to the abnormalities alluded to in connection with the\\nflat foot, it is also very prone to growing in length in such a\\nway that the foot is carried downward and forward so as to\\nbring the center of bearing of the foot abnormally forward-\\nproducing high heels and long toes, often causing the toes to\\nbend upward.\\nSimply leveling the foot must not be mistaken for bal-\\nancing it. The foot may be leveled perfectly, that is, the\\nplantar, or bearing surface may present a perfectly plane, flat\\nface, and yet, by no means, be a properly balanced foot\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in a\\ntrue sense. A balanced foot is one which in addition to the\\nrequisite level plantar surface, has the angle of the bearing\\nsurface so adjusted\u00e2\u0080\u0094 fore, aft and latterly\u00e2\u0080\u0094 as to bring into\\nbalance ^the superstructure the leg. Hence, balancing the\\nfoot means balancing the leg by means of the foot. There-\\nfore, the foot is to be leveled and symmetrized directly, and\\nthe leg above balanced, as a result.\\nThe elevation of any point in the circumference of the", "height": "4269", "width": "3004", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "54 TJie Horse s Foot.\\nfoot, gives the jointed bony column above\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the leg\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an un-\\nlevel base upon which to stand, with a tendency to lean in\\nthe direction opposite the highest point in the circumference\\nof the foot. But being unable to lean in that direction, in\\norder to relieve the pain or inconvenience arising from the\\nunlevel base, the foot is advanced in the direction of the ele-\\nvation\u00e2\u0080\u0094forward, backward, in or out. Hence, the vital\\nimportance of preserving the perfect balance of the foot can-\\nnot be over estimated; for upon its consummation depends in\\na marked degree, the preservation of the integrity of the foot\\nand leg, and, consequently, the value of the animal\\nLong toes and high heels cause contractions for three\\nreasons\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the frog is raised above the level of the bearing sur-\\nface of the foot, removing all frog pressure; as the heels grow\\ndown, they become more dense in texture and less elastic; in\\nthe action of the foot, when the heel expands by reason of the\\nweight upon the foot, the toe acts as a hinge between the two\\nhalves of the foot, the rigidity of which is increased in pro-\\nportion to the length of the toe.\\nThe high or cup-shaped foot is much more liable to con-\\nditions here mentioned than the flat foot. And when such a\\nfoot is shod and neglected as is too frequently the case, the\\ninternal structure of the foot is soon compressed into an ine-\\nlastic unyielding box, a constant source of inconvenience and\\npain to the animal, ultimately resulting in the destruction of\\nthe foot, and the ruin of the horse.\\nWhen the foot is properly balanced, the vibrations of the\\nleg will be similar to the oscillations of the common pendu-\\nlum is-ometrical\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the forward and backward swing of the\\nlimb will be exactly equal from the center of weight and\\nattachment of the leg to the body. And herein subsists the\\nbasis of the science of the shoer s art.", "height": "4303", "width": "2927", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "The Horse s Foot. 55\\nAdmitting this theory to be true: suppose that the horse s\\nfront feet are critically balanced so that he stands perfectly\\nupon them, and that they have the true pendulum like swing\\nforward and backward; and that the hind feet are faulty\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nthat by reason of the toes being too long, and the heels too\\nlow, in order to secure a firm base in standing, the horse is\\ncompelled to carry his hind feet abnormally forward; and for\\nthe same reason in action the swing of the hind feet is no\\nlonger iso-metrical, but the forward motion has been increased\\nand the backward motion decreased, thus destroying the sym-\\nmetrical action of the two pairs of limbs.\\nSuppose further, tnat the front feet are also unbalanced\\nso as to abnormally increase the backward swing of the front\\nlimbs: this not only subjects the two pairs of limbs to possible\\ninjury from mutual collisions, but by inducing abnormal\\naction in the animal s locomotor apparatus causes extra\\nwear and worry upon the whole system, and consequent\\nfriction and loss of energy. Hence, the proper balancing of\\nthe horse s feet is a most rital problem from both an economic\\nand a humane consideration, for if all the friction, inconven-\\nience and pain incident to unbalanced feet be eliminated\\nfrom the locomotion of the horse, the interests of both econo-\\nmy and humanity will be subserved.\\nHandling* the Horse s Feet.\\nAs stated elsewhere the colt from a very early period of his\\nexistence should have his feet handled, and by rasping and\\ndressing be kept constantly in proper shape and size. For it is\\na well established fact that the principal cause of curbs, spavins,\\nring bones and perhaps splints and side bones may be traced to\\nmalformations of the feet, due to the unequal wearing and\\nbreaking away of the hoof and its abnormal growth.", "height": "4261", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "56\\nThe Horse s Foot.\\nFrom the time the foal is a few months old his feet should\\nbe trued and balanced at regular and frequent intervals as long\\nas he lives. And if such were the case, horses raised upon the\\nfarm would be as free from such blemishes as those raised upon\\nILLUSTRATION NO. 9.\\nthe plains, where due to constant traveling over hard, dry and\\nstony surfaces, the feet are kept worn down to a relatively\\nsymmetrical form.\\nBut, if, as is usually the case, this most essential requisite\\nfor insuring a sound horse, has been neglected, there is no ex-\\ncuse for further delay and the remedy should be applied at once.", "height": "4269", "width": "2930", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "The Horse s Foot.\\n57\\nTo handle the front feet, see cut No. 9. Put on the surcin-\\ngle and single foot strap on the left front foot. Take up the\\nfoot; tap it lightly\u00e2\u0080\u0094 imitating the operations of the slioer. Con-\\nILLUSTRATION XO. 10.\\ntinue working with the foot until all resistance is overcome and\\nthe foot can be handled without using the rope.\\nThen change_the rope to the other foot and treat it in a like\\nmanner.\\nTo handle the hind feet use the tail hitch. See cut No. 10", "height": "4263", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "58 The Horse s Foot.\\nThe same ankle strap used on the front feet will answer for the\\nhind feet. Buckle the ankle strap around the hind pastern,\\ntake a half-inch rope -any convenient size will answer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 splice\\na ring or tie a small loop into one end; tie a bow knot in the\\nhair of the tail as close up to the bone as possible. Now just\\nabove the knot in the tail tie the ring end of the rope in\\na simple knot, as close to ring as possible; now pass the\\nfree end of the rope down through the ring in the ankle strap\\nand up through the ring in the other end of the rope.\\nCause the horse to take a step, draw up the slack of the\\nrope, when the horse will find his foot securely anchored to his\\ntail. Take up the foot and let it down repeatedly; and continue\\nto treat it till all resistance is overcome. Then subject it to\\ntreatment similar to that prescribed for the front feet.\\nNow change the ankle strap to the other hind foot, and\\ntreat it in a similar manner. Eepeat these lessons until the\\nhorse becomes entirely submissive.\\nAside from its utility for the direct purpose of securing\\ncontrol of the feet, this treatment is a very effective lesson in\\nsubjection, since it is necessary to secure control of the entire\\nsuperficial anatcmy of the animal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 body, head, neck, ears,\\nmouth, tail, legs and feet.\\nC*\u00c2\u00ae\u00c2\u00ae?5", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "THE BALKY HORSE.\\nCause for Balking*.\\nTpHE balky horse is the legitimate product of the deductive\\nX system of education; for it is impossible to produce a\\nbalker by the inductive system. Hence, as may be\\nreadily inferred the proper way tcr treat the balky horse is to\\nsubject him to a thorough course in the inductive system.\\nThe balky horse is one that has acquired a misapprehension\\nof the ordinary conventionalities pertaining to driving. It now\\nbecomes necessary to supplant those misconceptions by the in-\\nculcation of correct notions and habits.\\nThere are numerous ways of starting the balky horse. But\\nsimply starting him does not cure the habit. And yet it is a\\nvery important step in the right direction Some of the methods\\nare as follows: Kick or strike the horse upon the back part of\\nthe front ankles. Double a rope round the horse s front legs\\nthen standing in front of him, pull upon the two ends of the\\nrope causing him to make a step forward. Push the horse round\\nsidewise by taking hold of the shaft. Unhitch the horse, take\\nhis tail in one hand,. his bit in the other, bring his head and tail\\ntogether and whirl him round briskly for a time; or tie his head\\nto his tail and whirl him, then hitch him up quickly and start\\nhim along before he has time to collect his thoughts. Lead the\\nhorse.\\nUpon the propriety or impropriety of leading the green or\\nunbroken horse, there seems to be a diversity of opinion with a\\nlarge preponderance in favor of the impropriety. How often\\nyou hear the expression\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Don t lead the horse or you will spoil", "height": "4253", "width": "2992", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "60 The Balky Horse.\\nhim! Now there is no proposition connected with the educa-\\ntion of the horse more absurd or erroneous. A moment s reflec-\\ntion will suffice to prove its fallacy. The horse is well broken\\ntc lead; hence, when you step in front of him\u00e2\u0080\u0094 lead rope in hand\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094he surmises at once, what may be expected of him, and\\ndespite the embarrassing entanglements of the harness, is will-\\ning to try to follow your lead. The fact is the leading becomes\\nthe connecting link between the known and the unknown; and\\nby the introduction thus given the horse is well started on his\\nway. Whereas, when first hitched the horse is very liable to\\nbecome much confused; and when urged to go forward to be-\\ncome more bewildered; and when the whip is applied, to become\\nfrantic and utterly disconcerted and do almost anything but\\nmove quietly forward as he should, and as he would if kindly\\nand considerately led out of the difficulty. And not only led\\nonce but just as often as he becomes confused and knows not\\nwhat to do.\\nIf the leading be not accompanied with driving, then there\\nmight be some foundation for the supposition that leading the\\nhorse is not directly conducive to his knowledge of driving\\nBut such is not\u00e2\u0080\u0094 or should not be the case When the horse is\\nhitched all ready to be driven, the driver must take his place\\nand the leader his.\\nNow, all being ready to start the driver gives the signal\\nclucks to the horse; says, Get up! slaps him with the slack of\\nthe line or touches him lightly with the whip. At the same\\ntime the leader starts along. The horse responds to his knowl-\\nedge of being led and makes a move forward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the first step in\\nhis driving education. Eepeat this lesson a few times and the\\nleading part of the operation can gradually be omitted, and the\\ndriving continued till perfected. This is as it should be.\\nThis cry: Don t lead the horse! like many others born of", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "The Balky Horse. 61\\nignorance, and repeated by the thoughtless, has done a world\\nof harm. For no one with the brains of a bat and the sagacity\\nof a toad but must see at once that such a hypothesis has no\\nfoundation in sense or reason. And yet it lias been handled\\ndown from generation to generation of pseudo horseman whose\\nobtuseness has rendered them unequal to the task of pricking the\\nbubble. This very one little classic has been the ruination of\\nthousands of horses.\\nThose mentioned are among the methods persued for start-\\ning the balky horse, some of which may eventually overcome\\nthe habit\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all depending upon the character of the particular\\nhorse, and the skill of the particular driver.\\nAny method which will, without abuse, or under harshness,\\nsuccessfully start the balky horse by patient and persevering\\napplication, is quite sure to effect his reformation.\\nThe occasion of the horse s balking is not because he does\\nnot wish to go; but is the result of confusion arising from some\\nmisadventure or inadvertance, incidental to his education, be-\\nfore the commands and signals of his driver have taken definite\\nform in his mind. Xo far-fetched or abstruse reasoning is\\nnecessary to prove this proposition, for it is a well known fact\\nmost balky horses are high-spirited nervous animals which when\\nonce fairly started are restrained with difficulty.\\nIt is a significant fact that few persons find much difficulty\\nin teaching the horse to lead. Xor is the reason for this far to\\nseek. And why V Because the course persued is simple, natural\\nand in accordance with the nature of the horse: The horse is\\nhaltered; he readily submits to the restraint of the lead rope; all\\nthat remains to be done is for some one to shew him along for\\na time, and he readily learns to follow his leader. The essential\\npoint was to get him to make a move in the direction of the lead\\nrope; then another; then another; and straightway he is taught", "height": "4249", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "62 The Balky Horse.\\nto lead. And yet even this may result in failure, if proper tact\\nis not exercised. If the green horse is haltered and an effort\\nmade to lead him by a straight forward pull he is quite sure to\\nresist the pull; and at once perceive his ability to resist or\\nrather acting upon a natural impulse resist\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and, by a few repe-\\ntitions form t e habit of resisting. But, by causing him to yield\\nto the pressure of the halter by a side pull, and to move along\\nby driving him up from behind, before he has formed the habit\\nof holding back, he learns to lead in connection with the scar-\\ning or driving along, and thereafter leads as he is never able to\\nanalyze or separate the two acts.\\nIt is a wonderfully simple thing to spoil the horse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 cause or\\npermit him to do a wrong act; repeat it a few times and directly\\nit becomes a vicious habit.\\nPerhaps there is no vice to which the horse is subject that\\nseems more foolish than that of balking. And yet it is the re-\\nsult of education just the same as in driving correctly. Lack of\\nskill on the part of the trainer may result in imparting quite the\\nopposite impression upon the mind of the horse from that in-\\ntended.\\nIt is readily seen that in teaching the horse to lead every\\nthing is tending to that effect\u00e2\u0080\u0094 nothing holding back but his\\nown inclination. While in learning to draw even a light load,\\nor even the lightest vehicle, there is some resistance to be over-\\ncome; and the horse must learn to go against it. For it matters\\nnot how slight it may be so long as he imagines he cannot over-\\ncome it, he will not.\\nNow from the drivers stand point, and as a matter of fact\\nthere is no reason in the world\u00e2\u0080\u0094 outside of the horse s head-\\nwhy he should not move right along. But the slight pressur e\\nupon his shoulders, or upon his breast forms in his mind an in", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "The Balky Horse. 63\\nsurmountable barrier. And whipping or any other punishment\\nmay only add to his confusion.\\nIf at the crack of the whip the horse should spring forward\\nand so learn that he can move along, the riddle may be solved.\\nGet him to repeat it, and it becomes a habit for good. But\\notherwise, otherwise. If, instead of springing forward, the\\nhorse should jump sidewise, or backwards, permit or induce him\\nto repeat that a few times, and that becomes a habit; and now\\nyou have a balky horse.\\nTo Recapitulate: The green horse is hitched to a ve-\\nhicle\u00e2\u0080\u0094 light or heavy. He has had no preliminary instruction\\nin drawing. He is told to, get up! He does not comprehend\\nthe command, and stands fast. It is assumed that being a\\nhorse he should understand horse language, and the whip is\\nbrought down, by way of emphasis, upon his unruly back. The\\nhorse is quite sure to make a move of some kind. If he moves\\nforward, well and good. But there are many other points of\\nthe compass towards which he is liable to gravitate. Or he may\\nsoar heavenward a limited distance, or settle down prone up-\\non the earth.\\nIf he makes a forward move in any direction, he may pass\\nthe crisis in safety. Induce him to repeat the movement and\\nsuceess is likely to follow.\\nBut woe worth the day! if the bent of his mind is to the\\ncontrary direction. The repetition of any other move than for-\\nward-right, left, backward, up or down\u00e2\u0080\u0094 may prove disastrous.\\nFor any wrong move made by the horse shows at once that he\\nhas failed to comprehend the driver s meaning, and every repe-\\ntition of the misunderstanding only leads to confusion worse\\nconfounded. For example: You tell the horse to get up!\\nWell, he has not learned what that means, and makes no move.\\nTo teach him, you strike him with the whip. Not understand-", "height": "4253", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "64 The Balky Horse.\\ning the proper application of the whip to the case, the horse\\nbacks up; you continue to strike him, and he continues to back.\\nFinally you tell him: whoa! and he may stop. You tell him\\nagain to get up, apply the whip, and away he goes backward\\nagain. And this performance may be continued indefinitely;\\nor until the horse has been converted by the application of\\nsome method of instruction that shall reverse his acquired no-\\ntion of the force of commands used in driving the horse. It is\\na very simple and easy matter to start the horse wrong\\nHence, if the horse, by reason of mismanagement, acquires\\nthe habit of not going at all; or of going in some contrary way\\nto that indicated by his driver he is accounted a balker.\\nThere is a a certain class\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the high strung, nervous, over-\\nwilling horse when injudiciously managed, is quite liable to be-\\ncome balky. This may appear a little paradoxical, but it is,\\nnevertheless, true.\\nThis characteristic may be noticeable the first time the\\nhorse is hitched, or it may be gradually developed.\\nExplanation: You have hitched up your high strung\\ngreen horse; he has shown much nervousness and anxiety to\\ngo, giving you trouble in hitching him. However, you succeed\\nin getting him hitched, jump into the cart, and let him go. Be-\\ning vexed at his foolishness, perhaps, you give him a cut or two\\nwith the whip. Being an intelligent horse he should know\\nthat you are punishing him for his foolishness The next time\\nor some subsequent time, for such a horse, before he has been\\nthoroughly drilled in this particular kind of work is liable at any\\ntime to develop some eccentricity\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that you attempt to hitch\\nthe horse, he may be even more restive and anxious to start.\\nAnd right here may arise a crisis in his education: He attempts\\nto start; you set him back hard with^the lines; he makes several\\nattempts, and you as often set him voilently back. And you", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "The Balky Horse. (55\\nmay be even foolish enough\u00e2\u0080\u0094 some are\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to punish him with the\\nwhip. However, you succeed in inducing him to stand still or\\nrun backwards when he thinks of starting forward, getting\\nthings badly mixed in hn mind. And when you are ready to\\ngo he is not. Whereupon he is beaten for that\u00e2\u0080\u0094 whipped to\\nmake him go. At this early stage in his education, and with his\\nlimited experience, he is unable to analyze the two widely dif-\\nfering applications of the same rule.\\nHence, he has things so mixed and confused that he is com.\\npletely bewildered, and consequently balks.\\nTreatment of the Balky Horse.\\nHaving investigated the causes which develop the balker\\nthe remedy may now be considered.\\nLike all other vices of the horse, it is far easier to prevent\\nbalking than to overcome the habit. But since the horse s balk-\\ning is due entirely to mismanagement, his reformation is to be\\neffected by right management.\\nHis education is to be commenced right over again, and he\\nis to be drilled repeatly\u00e2\u0080\u0094 over and over -on the particular feat-\\nure wherein he is faulty. For example: Consider a case simi-\\nlar to the one described in this connection, whose trouble arose\\nfrom his eagerness to start. Such a horse should have been\\ntreated in this way. Bring him to the place where he is to be\\nharnessed and hitched up. Tie him up short and fast. Give\\nhim a few bites of oats from the measure; brush him ofT; put\\non the bridle and harness. Now take them off, give him a few\\nmore oats, and put him back in the stall. After allowing him\\nto stand a short time, repeat the operation. If he does not\\nstand perfectly quiet strap up a front foot\\nAfter a number of these lessons vary them by running up\\nthe cart, and hitching him up -leaving him tied fast\u00e2\u0080\u0094 get in the", "height": "4262", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "66 The Balky Horse,\\ncart, take up the lines, sit a few minutes, then get out and un-\\nhitch him as before. The design is to divert his mind from his\\nidea of dashing off.\\nNow harness him up as before, take down the lines, have\\nyour assistant untie him, lead him out into the road, turn him\\nround a few times, then back and tie him up to the post again.\\nRepeat this a few times.\\nBy this time his train of thought will have been broken up\\nand he will be guessing what is coming next. Now, run up the\\ncart, hitch him up, lead him out as before and bick a few times,\\nhitched. Now lead him out and start him off. It is not neces-\\nsary to give him a long or a hard drive\u00e2\u0080\u0094 only a lesson in driv-\\ning. If this work out was given him in the morning, if conven-\\nient, give him another in the afternoon\u00e2\u0080\u0094 going right over the\\nentire program. However, do not delay longer than the follow-\\ning day, and don t fail to repeat every detail over and over, to\\ninsure success. Relatively the same course is to be pursued\\nwith all other faulty horses. All their faults are the result of\\nmismanagement, which are to be corrected by continuous drill\\nin the right course.", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "THE RUNAWAY HORSE.\\nGennesis of the Runaway Horse.\\nHOW few persons, when viewing with admiration the\\nbeautiful arch of the horse s neck and the symmetrical\\ntaper of his limbs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 betokening the consummation of\\nspirit and fleetness\u00e2\u0080\u0094 realize that the causes which evolved that\\nexquisite conformation have resulted in misfortune to thous-\\nands of human beings, and the destruction of hundreds of\\nthousands of dollars worth of property, as I said in my article\\nunder this head in the Xmas issue of The Horse Review of 1899.\\nFor the runaway horse, as he exists to-day, was co-existent with\\nhis earliest subjugation and use by man. Nevertheless, investi-\\ngation will prove the correctness of the proposition. The timi-\\ndity of the horse during the evolutionary periods of his exist-\\nence, and subsequently, was instrumental in imparting the arch\\nto his neck and the fleetness to his limbs.\\nThe geologist has proven to his own satisfaction, and the\\nassumption is conceded by all classes of investigators, that the\\nhorse is descended, through long evolutionary vicissitudes, from\\nan inferior five-toed animal no larger than the fox, the horse\\nrepresenting the extreme variation from his original progenitor.\\nWonderful, indeed, is the story related by paleontology re-\\ngarding the hundreds of thousands of generations intervening\\nbetween the original five-toed phenacodus\u00e2\u0080\u0094 no larger than the\\nfox\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and the horse of the present.\\nWhile in Europe no fossils representing the horse have\\nbeen found extending farther back than to the three-toed an-\\ncestor, the mesohippus, in America the whole series are found\u00e2\u0080\u0094", "height": "4260", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "68 The Runaway Horse.\\nthe phenacodus, with five toes and corresponding limbs; the\\neohippus, having four toes and a rudimentary fifth; the oro-\\nhippus, having four toes; the mesohippus, having three toes\\nand a rudimentary fourth; the miohippus, having three toes on\\neach foot, the protohippus, having three toes on each foot, but\\nonly one reaching the ground; the pliohippus, having one toe\\non each foot and slight rudiments of two others.\\nAnd finally the fnlly developed horse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Equus caballus.\\nAdmitting the descent of the horse here narrated to be true,\\nit becomes a most wonderful and striking illustration and ex-\\nample of natural selection and the survival of the fittest.\\nIn the earliest stages of the existence of the progenitor of the\\nhorse, when his habitat was the lowlands and marshy plains, his\\nfive-toed foot, with as many appending hoofs, stood him in\\ngreat stead. And had his environment remained the same, he\\nwould have so continued, if not exterminated\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the same little,\\nfive-toed, horse-like animal. At this stage of his existence he\\nwas but illy-provided with the means of defense, and conse-\\nquently, being timid, when menaced by danger sought safety in\\nflight. And, fortunately, he was driven from the cover of the\\nmarshes to the open country, when began his race for life, his\\nstruggle for existence. And a fearful and a mighty struggle it\\nproved to be, as is evidenced by the transformation wrought.\\nCAUSE OF TIMIDITY OF THE HORSE.\\nAt this early stage was laid the foundation of his timidity,\\nresulting in the runaway horse. His little ancestor was\\nchased from the covert of the marshes, and he has been on the\\nrun ever since.\\nThereby hangs a tale: In his primeval chase from the\\nmarsh to the open ground, it was the more timid, alert, strong\\nand active individuals that made their escape, while the more", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Tlic Runaway Horse. (59\\nclumsy and stupid were overcome and destroyed by their ene-\\nmies. Thus constantly the more timid, alert, active and strong\\nwere the ones to survive and reproduce their kind, while the\\nmore clumsy, weak and stupid were being weeded out.\\nEven his numerous toes, once so indispensable in the\\nmarshes, became a positive hindrance on the uplands, in the\\npresence of more powerful enemies. And in obedience to the\\nlaw of natural selection his surplus toes began to disappear.\\nIt must be seen that if the animal #t this or any other suc-\\nceeding stage of his development, before his complete evolution\\ninto the horse, had been permitted to pursue the even tenor of\\nhis way, unmolested by his enemies, any further progress would\\nhave ceased at such corresponding stage, and the true horse\\nnever would have come into being.\\nSeveral essential attributes contributed to the preservation,\\nor fixing, of the particular type of individual most developed,\\nat any stage, toward the final climax of perfection, viz: The\\nsize of the animal the large and strong one would stand a\\nbetter chance of escape than the small and weak one. Hence,\\nthe larger and stronger were better able to escape and reproduce\\ntheir kind, while the smaller and weaker were overcome and\\ndestroyed. The animal with the longer neck and higher head\\nwould have a larger range of vision; hence, detect the approach\\nof an enemy sooner than the one with the shorter neck and\\nlower carriage, and, consequently, get the start of his less favored\\ncompanion in his race for life. The animal with the least cum\\nbersome pedal appendages would also have a decided advantage\\nover his less agile compeer. The animal most alert\u00e2\u0080\u0094 timid\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nwould be quickest to discover and flee from an enemy.\\nHence, it is apparent that the several characteristics contri-\\nbutory to the development of the horse, from his inferior, five-", "height": "4254", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "70 The Runaway Hor$e.\\ntoed ancestor, have been called into existence by the necessities\\nof intense activity.\\nWhile the horse s physical conformation was being so strik-\\ningly evolved, his mentality was meantime receiving the fatal\\nbias of timidity, resulting in all the runaways that have marked\\nhis pathway.\\nAt first thought, without investigation and observation, it\\nwould appear that an animal which habitually takes his food\\nand drink from the surface of the ground should be low-headed,\\nafter the manner of the bovine kind. And such would have\\nbeen the case with the horse had it not been counteracted by a\\nmore potent cause\u00e2\u0080\u0094 his innate timidity. It is the habit of the\\nhorse, when alarmed, to raise his head and arch his neck, whether\\nhis fear be excited by a near or distant object, or an unfamilia r\\nsound. It is a further observable fact that the horse habitually\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nexcept when feeding\u00e2\u0080\u0094 carries his head above the level of his\\nbody, when standing, moving, or even when sleeping standing.\\nThis is the case with the domesticated horse, and is still more\\nnoti2eable in the wild and semi-wild animal, which is ever on\\nthe alert for real or imaginary foes.\\nHence, the ultimate transformation of the horse from his\\ndiminutive five-toed ancestor is fully accounted for by the laws\\nof natural selection and the survival of the fittest. Equally\\nare these laws exemplified in his descent, or evolution.\\nSEQUEL\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE RUNAWAY HORSE.\\nWhile the timidity of the horse has contributed to make\\nhim a thing of beauty, it has also resulted in making him a ver-\\nitable engine of death and destruction, when unrestrained.\\nWhile his physical system was gradually taking on his fully\\ndeveloped conformation, his brain was undergoing a similar\\nevolution, whereby his timidity was greatly accentuated by hi 8\\nfleetness, and his fleetness by his timidity. Notwithstanding he", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "The Runaway Horse.\\n71\\nis, and was, after his perfected evolution, a wonderfully formid-\\nable antagonist when brought to bay, his strong jaws and pow-\\nerful limbs providing him at once with most effective weapons\\nof defense and offense, yet his hereditary fear is so overpowering\\nthat he will almost never stay to fight if escape by flight be at\\nall possible.\\nAnimals of the bovine species, being provided with com-\\npound stomachs of great capacity, were wont to sally forth at\\ntheir pleasure and, in a short time, gather a large quantity of\\ngrass or herbage, retire to the shade or fastness of the jungle,\\nand there remasticate their food at their leisure and in compar-\\nitive safety, while the horse, having relatively a very small\\nstomach, was compelled to be abroad nearly all the time, mostly\\nupon the open plain\u00e2\u0080\u0094 as his food was principally grass -exposed\\nto the plain view of all his foes, and the common prey of all\\ncarnivorae powerful enough or numerous enough to overcome\\nhim. Thus he instinctively fled, precipitately, from any and\\nevery object which he did not comprehend, and fought to the\\ndeath any foe w r hich he could not escape by flight, and thus may\\nbe accounted tor the unaccountable fear in the nature and dis-\\nposition of the horse.\\nWhy should the horse scare at a harmless piece of paper\\nlying in the road or fluttering by the wayside, or be alarmed at\\nan innocent boulder, or a pile of brick, or similar objects?\\nSuch never harmed him, yet they are things which he does not\\ncomprehend. Hence, he but follows the impulse firmly im-\\nplanted in the nature of his ancestors during the formative per-\\niod of their existence, when such precaution was necessary to\\ntheir self-preservation; and it has become an essential part of\\nhis existence\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it is simply the horse of it\u00e2\u0080\u0094 though the necessity\\nwhich called it into being has long since ceased to exist.\\nMany dogs, before lying down, even upon the bare ground", "height": "4238", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "72 The Runaway Horse.\\nor floor, turn round and round in imitation of the Avild dog,\\ntheir ancestor, making his bed in the grass And through the\\nforce of heredity this trait has adhered to the dog regardless of\\nthe vicissitudes through which he has passed tending to its\\neradication.\\nThe horse is the consummation, the very acme, of fleetness\\nand timidity an example of exaggerated heredity, the traits\\nderived from his ancestors, for thousands of generations, which\\nhave given way to their frantic fears and fled, precipitately,\\nfrom every real and imaginary foe.\\nIf further evidence be desired, it is only necessary to cite\\nthe example of the horse that has been permitted to run away\\nrepeatedly, whereby his latent timidity is fully revived, and,\\nanon, the docile, tractable animal, easy of control and restraint,\\nis transformed into a treacherous, dangerous, worthless brute,\\nnever again to be trusted. By repetition the habit has become\\nchronic, and henceforth his sole object and aim in life seems to\\nbe to run away he has resumed the avocation of his ancestors.\\nMore About the Runaway Horse.\\nI do not wish to pose as an alarmist. Nor am I actuated\\nby any sudden or spasmodic fit of sentiment on the subject, for\\nI have been an advocate and exponder of this theory for a\\nnumber of years. And I have educated successfully a number\\nof horses by this system: Cuts 11 and 12 are from photos of\\nthe 5-year-old mare, Bird Conkling, by Kosco Conkling, now\\nowned by Mr. A. P. Like, of Galesburg, 111., engineer on th e\\nC. B. Q., for whom I educated her.\\nThe fact that, Comparatively, so much space is devoted to\\nthe runaway horse in this work, is not for the purpose of\\ndisparaging the use of the horse; nor to cast any undue reflec-\\ntions upon the noble horse; but rather to arouse if possible", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "The Runaway Horse. 73\\nsufficient interest in the matter to effect a general and systema-\\ntic effort, on the part of all who are responsible for his educa-\\ntion, to consider and appreciate the vital importance of this\\nhigher education. For it is so simple and practicable, as to\\nbe, at once, apparent to any one at all familiar with the attri-\\nbutes of the horse.\\nNow, let the friends of, the horse rally to his rescue, and so\\nelevate the standard of his virtues that, like Caesar s wife, he\\nshall be above suspicion.\\nThe Poughkeepsie Eagle of recent date says of The\\nFatal Horse and Wagon. If the statistics of accidents\\ncould be collected it would, in all probability, be shown that the\\nmost dangerous v\\\\ay of traveling is with a horse.\\nWe believe there is authority for stating that in proportion\\nto the numbers of people in various conveyances, horses and\\nwagons kill more people than steam-boats, railroads or trolley\\ncars.\\nA Bangor, Maine, correspondent of The Horseman says:\\nThe report of a statistician that more lives are lost in the Uni-\\nted States every year through runaways than by all the railroad\\ndisasters, will be readily believed by Maine people, for in this\\nstate the runaway horse often causes more fatalities in a single\\nmonth than can be laid to the railroads for the entire year-\\nBangor has long been noted for the runaways that occur almost\\ndaily upon her streets; and so pronounced has the nuisance be-\\ncome, that in certain localities matters have reached such a\\nstage that a promenade in a saw mill is a safe undertaking com-\\npared with a stroll in Bangor s streets. Within a year two of\\nthe most eminent lawyers of the city, the Hon. Lewis Barker\\nand Ex-Judge James F. Rawson have met their death in the\\nstreet from runaway horses.\\nNew York s MedicalJournal speaking of the recent explo-", "height": "4263", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "74 The Runaway Horse.\\nsion of a gasoline tank of a motor carriage, says: Some new\\ndanger is almost always to be expected in connection with\\nnovel devices of the kind, but, on the whole, the power carriage,\\nwhether propelled by gasoline or electricity, is probably less\\ndangerous than vehicles drawn by horses.\\nThe Metropolitan and Rural Home says: Hoofs, bones,\\nflesh and skin may be combined to make an animal, but to-day\\nthey do not make a horse. They can be produced at an outlay\\nof about eight or ten cents a pound; but they have but little\\nvalue, and that grows less and less every year. Behind and\\nover all these must be brains, if there is to be any value over\\nand above that already indicated. The greater the intelligence,\\nthe more complete the education, the higher the value. The\\nanimal as grow r n will but little more than pay expenses; the\\nprofit comes from training and education. These citations\\nmay serve to show the trend of public opinion upon this impor-\\ntant question. There must come an awakening, tardy though it\\nhas been.\\nFatal Runaways.\\nA very few of the fatal runaways, of the many which might\\nbe cited:\\nAkron, Q. Ex-Judge R. W. Sadler, aged 41, died of in-\\njuries received in a runaway. His skull was fractured.\\nDes Moines, la. C. A. Stain, aged 40, of Prairie City, was\\nthrown from his wagon, in this city, in a runaway to-day. He\\nalighted on his head upon the brick pavement, and was in-\\nstantly killed. r\\nBatavia, III. During a runaway, John Feldott was thrown\\nfrom a wagon and instantly killed. His neck was broken/\\nAshtabula, O. Miss Elizabeth Bowman was instantly\\nkilled in a runaway.\\nPeoria, 111. Miss Grace White was killed, Mrs. Peter", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "The Runaway Horse, 75\\nSpurck fatally injured, and Mrs. Simon Killduff seriously in-\\njured in a runaway accident this morning.\\nMarshfleld, Wis. Alderman Luecke, one of the earliest\\nsettlers of Marshrield, was instantly killed Thursday night, in a\\nrunaway. B. Serve, 75 years old, was probably fataly injured.\\nThey were both thrown from a wagon and struck the side-\\nwalk.\\nDr. Cooper, of Elm wood, 111., well known in this county,\\nwas killed yesterday. His horse ran away with him, and he\\nwas thrown out and fatally injured.\\nGood Hope, 111. H. G. Ritter, of this city, had one eye\\nknocked out and his skull horribly fractured in a runaway\\nMonday night. The horse was killed at the time, and Mr.\\nRitter died this afternoon.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Janesville, Wis. Edward Lay, a prosperous farmer, and\\nhis wife, were instantly killed by a runaway team to-night.\\nThey leave a family of seven children.\\nNiles, Mich. A team owned by a farmer named William\\nHicks, who lives southwest of here, ran away to-day, while\\nHicks and his family were on their way to Buchanan. The\\nwagon was overturned; and two small children were instantly\\nkilled. The mother and father each had an arm broken, and\\nreceived other injuries.\\nThis list of ghastly casualities might be extended indef-\\ninitely, so terribe is the gory record of the runaway horse.\\nJust imagine the statistics of all the runaways, of every\\ncity, town, village and rural locality of one county, to be\\ngathered and recounted; now extend the lists to include every\\ncounty\u00e2\u0080\u0094 102\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in the state of 111. Heavens! How the numbers\\nswell! But hold! Now increase the columns till they embrace\\nthe whole country, and the aggregate is simply appalling!\\nThousands upon thousands\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and the tale is not told.", "height": "4254", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "76 The Runaway Horse.\\nAll needlessly sacrificed; for it is a practical possibility to\\nentirely eliminate the runaway element from the characteristics\\nof the horse. And it should have been done long since.\\nWhile scientists have been assiduously exploring the realms\\nof disease, and running to earth the deadly bacteria; and cor-\\nralling the festive bacilli; the destruction of human life by\\nhorse power goes merrily on.\\nIt appears that death in a runaway is esteemed an honorable\\nw T ay to die; or, perhaps, a special dispensation of Providence to\\nbe endured with becoming Christian fortitude, without murmur\\nor complaint, inasmuch as, in narrating such disasters no blame\\nseems to attach to the horse, or any person, or anything: the\\nwheel comes off; the axle breaks down; the breeching breaks;\\nor the single-tree falls upon the horse s heels; a runaway re-\\nsults, and a whole family is exterminated from the face of the\\nearth. That settles it! That is all there is to it! Nothing\\nand nobody to blame no negligence or criminality on the part\\nof anyone is deemed chargeable.\\nResponsibility in Other Accidents.\\nIt is a most remarkable inconsistency that corporations,\\nand transportation companies are held responsible for every\\nspecies of accident\u00e2\u0080\u0094 avoidable and unavoidable\u00e2\u0080\u0094 while nobody\\non earth is conceived to be responsible or liable for all the dam\\nage and misery resulting from the runaway horse.\\nIf a man gets drunk and stumbles into a cellar-way, in an\\nalley, the city, or property owner is held liabie for any injury\\nhe may sustain.\\nIf an individual buys a ticket for a trip over a railroad, and\\nin consequence of an unavoidable accident, he suffers only from\\na bad scare the company\u00e2\u0080\u0094 according to a recent decision of", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "The Runaway Horse. 77\\nthe federal court -is liable for heavy damages for nervou\\nshock.\\nAWARDED HEAVY DAMAGES.\\nA verdict of $8,000 was awarded Thursday morning, in\\nJudge Baker s federal court, in favor of Robert J. Burgess, of\\nPortland, Me., for injuries sustained in an Illinois Centra 1\\nwreck near Dixon, 111. The train was derailed Jan. 2. 1893,\\nBurgess was a passenger and sustained a nervous shock that\\nhas since unfitted him for business.\\nOn the other hand the breeder may raise, break and sell a\\nhorse to an individual, recommending him to be safe and all\\nright\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and really suppose that he is. And yet, the first time the\\nbuyer takes his family out riding, some little mishap occurs, the\\nhorse runs away, kills the owner and nearly the entire family.\\nIs the seller held liable for his representations, or the conduct\\nof the horse? Certainly not. But should he not be? Most\\ncertainly he should\\nWhere is there any reason for this unjust discrimination in\\nfavor of the horse owner?\\nNow, in the case of the corporation, it may have used every\\nprecaution possible, to avert accident; and the accident may be\\nwholly unavoidable\u00e2\u0080\u0094 above the reach .and ken of of a mortal\\napprehension and yet, the corporation is held to as strict re-\\nsponsibility as if the accident were due to negligence.\\nUpon analysis, it will be seen that this proposition is right\\nwrong it is the horse that should be held responsible for his\\nevery act, since it is readily practicable to make his education\\nsuch as to preclude the possibility of a runaway accident.\\nXot long since there was a bill introduced in congress pro-\\nviding: That the city or county where mob violence results in\\nthe destruction of property, injury, or loss of life, shall be liable\\nfor damages; and action may be brought against officers of the", "height": "4246", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "78 The Runaway Horse,\\nlaw for neglect of duty. In case of death, a sum not exceeding\\n$5,000 shall be awarded the relatives of the deceased. When\\nthe general government, in the case of a foreigner, pays an in-\\ndemnity, it can bring action for recovery against the state in\\nwhich the person was killed.\\nIf a worthless tramp without a friend on earth is found mur-\\ndered in a vacant lot, or in a box-car. all the country, is\\naroused, and no effort or expense is spared to discover and pun-\\nish the murderer. And this is as it should be; it proves the\\ncommon brotherhood of mankind, and a commendable deter-\\nmination on the part of all right-thinking persons to insure pro-\\ntection for the lives o f all. And this only emphasizes the total\\napathy regarding the suffering, destruction of property, and loss\\nof life, due to the vicious horse. All of which is practicably\\npreventable.\\nIt is a well established principle of law, that every trans-\\nportation company is responsible for all accidents incidental to\\ntheir business. Notwithstanding every precaution and provis-\\nion to prevent accident be exhausted, yet the company is held\\nstrictly accountable for all injury to persons and damage to\\nproperty. And in case carelessness is proven, the operatives\\nare held to be criminally liable as well.\\nBut what is said, and done, about the thousands who are\\nannually maimed and killed by the runaway horse; nothing.\\nAbsolutely nothing.\\nWhy this discrimination in favor of the runaway horse?\\nFor I must maintain that there never was a runaway that\\nmight not have been prevented.\\nNow, one of two remarkable conditions exist: either I\\nmust be accredited with having made a wonderful discovery, or\\npeople, all along, have been guilty of the basest form of crimi-\\nnal negligence,", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "The Runaway Horse. 7 j\\nI assert, with no fear of successful contradiction, that every\\nhorse can be so educated as to make him absolutely proof\\nagainst running away, as a result of ordinary accidents which\\nare the usual cause of runaways -if there be exceptions\u00e2\u0080\u0094 some\\nexceptions are said to be necessary to prove the rule\u00e2\u0080\u0094 then any\\nsuch should be either put to such use as to preclude the possi-\\nbility of their running away, or destroyed outright, and not per-\\nmitted to become a menace to life and limb.\\nEvery other form of a perpetual menace to human life, has\\nelicited the interest of master minds, and their endeavors for\\nits amelioration. Hence, the inexplicability of accounting for\\nthis total apathy upon this vital subject, is akin to accounting\\nfor the unaccountable.\\nWhy has this most appalling infliction been permitted to\\ncontinue year in and year out, unchallanged? The rational\\nconclusion to be drawn is, it must be due to the prevailing\\nignorance of existing facts and conditions, for there is no suffi\\ncient reason to attribute it to indifference in view of the mani-\\nfest solicitude upon all other similar subjects wherein human\\nwelfare is jeopardized.\\nNor is the remedy far to seek. For like many other valu-\\nable principles it is, at once, exceedingly simple and practicable\\nBriefly stated it is: instead of breaking the horse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 which con-\\nsists in advancing his education to the point where he is liable\\nto kick or run away in case of accident\u00e2\u0080\u0094 educate him. Give\\nhim a thorough and complete education covering every possible\\ncontingency or vicissitude through which he may be called to\\npass. His education is to be a complete schooling\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a complete\\ncourse of education\u00e2\u0080\u0094 primary, intermediate, grammar and high-\\nschool course. It is to be systematic and thorough, with all\\nbrutality eliminated.\\nWhat can be more absurd than for a breeder to select*", "height": "4252", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "80 The Runaway Horse.\\nwith scrupulous care, the sire and dam, breed, keep and feed\\nthe produce until five years old\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ready to begin his life work-\\nthen, instead of giving him the thorough schooling whereby his\\nvalue is so greatly enhanced, only the most indifferent\u00e2\u0080\u0094 often\\nvicious preparation. It is much like building a many storied\\nhouse with sedulous care, and then leaving off the roof.\\nNot every horse will kick when an object is precipitated\\nupon his heels: but many will, and none are to be trusted until\\nthey have been thoroughly educated and tested.\\nNot every horse will run away when a break- down occurs;\\nbut many will; hence, it is safest not to trust any until proven\\nreliable.\\nThe Genesis of the Runaway Horse, fully explains why\\nthe horse is as he is. Hence, it is best to assume that any par-\\nticular horse to be a typical specimen of his species, except so\\nfar as education has wrought his reformation; and trust him\\naccordingly.\\nThe horse must be drilled in anticipation of every kind of\\naccident liable to occur: a few years since an accident occurred\\nat Independence, Iowa, whereby a little boy lost his life. It\\nwas in the early sprmg time; and a number of small boys were\\nplaying ball in the back yard. The old family horse was dozing\\nin the sun, in the adjoining barn-yard, The ball was batted so\\nthat it rolled under the fence, at the heels of the horse. In his\\neagerness to secure the ball, the boy dropped down upon-the\\nground, and rolled under the fence, with his head near the\\nhorse s heels. The horse was much startled at the -to him\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nunrecognized object coming suddenly in contact with his heels,\\nfollowing his natural instincts of self preservation, kicked the\\nboy on the head and killed him.\\nAnother very distressing accident occurred at Aledo, 111., in\\nwhich Mr. Davis, a citizen of the place was kicked and killed--", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "The Ru naivety Horse. 81\\nalso by a gentle horse. Mr. Davis was leaning against one of\\nthe rear stall posts, when his feet slipped from under him, and\\nhe fell against the horse s heels, and was kicked to death. The\\nhorse is said to have had his head in the manger, and was taken\\nwholly unawares. Hundreds, and, perhaps, thousands of sim-\\nilar fatal accidents have occurred. These two, I recall, as hav-\\ning come to my own personal knowledge.\\nIn all such cases, the horse simply responded to his inmate\\ninstinct of self preservation, implanted in his nature during his\\ngrand struggle for existence, and evolutional development.\\nAnd yet, the possibility of all such accidents are absolutely\\nprecluded by properly educating the horse.\\nHorses differ very much in their pre-disposition to kick\\nSome horses, even when quite green, are not disposed to kick\\nwhen an unfamiliar object is brought in contact with their heels.\\nThey may crouch, cringe, and evince much fear, and still not\\nkick. While others are quite the reverse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 disposed to kick at\\nevery thing that comes near them.\\nA horse may be in constant use for twenty years, and\\nscarcely have an object fall upon his heels; hence, retain all\\nof his original superstitious fear engendered during his for-\\nmative existence. For the system of breaking usually per-\\nsued studiously avoids any chance to disabuse his mind of his\\nhereditary hallucination. Such a horse may be, in all other\\nrespects, thoroughly reliable; but when subjected to such a test\\nprove utterly faithless. For, so far as he is personally concerned,\\nwhile his mind, in every other particular, may be fully domes-\\nticated, in the one particular feature has been suffered to retain\\nits fatal bias.\\nOn the other hand, a few special lessons properly adminis-\\ntered will insure the horse, for life, against such disasters.", "height": "4256", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "82 The Runaway Horse.\\nTo Stop the Runaway Horse.\\nThis is the most important item to be considered in the ed-\\nucation of the horse. Only think of the thousands, and tens of\\nthousands of accidents that have occurred; and the accidents\\nthat are occurring daily, the result of this innate propensity of\\nthe horse.\\nBy referring to the article\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Genesis of the Runaway\\nHorse it will be readily seen why the horse is predisposed to\\nrunaway.\\nThere have been numerous inventions to stop the runaway\\nhorse: An electric apparatus to shock him; carrying a Win-\\nchester in the carriage to shoot him when he becomes unman-\\nageable; with an endless variety of vicious bridles and choking\\nmachines. While the simplest and most effective remedy has\\nbeen overlooked\u00e2\u0080\u0094 education. Peculiarly, in the case of the\\nrunaway horse, is ignorance the mother of crime, and man s\\npersistent stupidity is the negative cause of all the crimes\\nchargable to the runaway horse.\\nIt is truly appalling to contemplate the terrible destruction\\nand loss of life due to the runaway horse! And then to think\\nthat this might have all been avoided! The grape-vine hitch is\\nthe only device so far ever invented where with any and all\\nhorses can be effectually made proof against runaways.\\nTreatment.\\nGive the horse thorough and repeated work in the grape-\\nvine hitch. While yet confined in the hitch, put on the harness,\\nand breast-collar, fasten a sack of straw to the tugs, and with a\\nrope fastened to the sack, draw it back and let it fall against\\nthe horse s heels, at each time the sack strikes his heels say\\nwhoa! Now, put a number of tin cans and sleigh bells in a", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "The Runaway Horse, S3\\nsack to make as much noise as possible, and work this on his\\nheels in the same way.\\nContinue this treatment until the horse takes no more in\\nterest in it.\\nAfteF the horse has been thoroughly and sufficiently worked\\nin this way, run up the break cart and hitch him up. It will\\nbe necessary to have an extra breast colter, or strap to which to\\nattach the rattle box. Now get into the cart and work out\\nthe horse thoroughly, being careful all the while not to hurt\\nhim, and at each drop of rattle box, say, whoa! The design\\nbeing to teach the horse that when anything drops\u00e2\u0080\u0094 especially\\nat his heels, he is to stop instantly.\\nWhen the horse has had sufficient work to fully reassure\\nhim, and you feel safe in giving him his first trial, rig him up\\nas above described, leaving off the grape-vine hitch\u00e2\u0080\u0094 see illus-\\ntration and to insure against accident have a foot strap\\non the horse, or a good man hold his head, or both according to\\nthe disposition of the horse, for this is a critical juncture, since\\nany negligence might cause disaster. Start the horse along, and\\nwhen he has gone a few steps, drop the rattle box at his heels,\\nlightly at first, gradually increasing the force. At each drop of\\nthe rattle box say, whoa, and pull the horse up to a standstill\\nwith the lines.\\nThe success of this, like every other department in the edu-\\ncation of the horse, depends upon repetition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 how many times.\\nEventually the horse will stop promptly at the drop of the\\nrattle-box, without the use of the lines or the command.\\nAny practical horseman must readily perceive that the\\nhorse can be as effectively educated in this way, as in any of\\nthe ordinary ways, providing you have the means to do it. And\\nyet the wonder grows\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Why have not horses been educated,\\nwhereby tens of thousands of lives might have been saved?", "height": "4263", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4219", "width": "2924", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4219", "width": "2924", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "86 The Runaway Horse,\\nAnd yet there is not a single instance on record, of a horse s\\never having been so systematically educated except those which\\nI have educated; nor a horse-book extant that teaches how this\\nmay be done; or even suggests its possibility, except this\\nvolume.\\nOf several horses so broken while at Galesburg, a number\\nwere shipped to Boston. Regarding one of these, here is an ex-\\ntract from a letter from Mr. Daniel McNally, of Pawtucket, R.\\nI., who bought the mare. Mr. McNally says: I was driving\\nthe mare down a steep hill, the other day, when a breeching\\nhook broke, and the buggy ran upon her heels; she stopped so\\nquickly that I had to put both hands on her rump to save my-\\nself from falling out of the buggy. I have been driving horses\\nall my life, and never had a hook break so before.\\nNow, had this mare received only the ordinary breaking\\ngiven the horse, doubtless another fatal runaway would have\\nbeen added to the ghastly list; for the mare in the case is a\\nlarge, powerful, high strung, active animal, just the kind to\\nmake short work of man and buggy, had not her education been\\nsuch as to predominate over her natural propensity, for this oc-\\ncurred in June, and she was never bridled or harnessed till the\\nprevious December. This was one of the number used in giv-\\ning public exhibitions on the streets of Galesburg, 111., which\\nwas witnessed by thousands. The following are some extracts\\nfrom the account published in the Galesburg Republican Reg-\\nister: The exhibition of horsemanship given by Mr J. W.\\nMercer on the Public Square, Saturday afternoon, was entirely\\nsuccessful, and was witnessed by more than a thousand persons.\\nThe design of the exhibition was to demonstrate what can be\\ndone in the way of teaching the horse the harmlessness of such\\naccidents as usually inspire a high spirited horse, educated only\\nin the usual way to kick and run away. Promptly at the ap-", "height": "4269", "width": "2930", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "The Runaway Horse. 87\\npointed time, Mr. Mercer arrived with three fine-looking,\\nspirited mares, one bay and two brown, hitched to carts, and\\ndriven by his three assistants.\\nMr. Mercer explained that his purpose was to give some\\npractical object lessons in the education of the horse, never be-\\nfore practiced by any other trainer, or rather the results of those\\nlessons, and what may be accomplished by this new departure.\\nIt was explained that the average horse, broken in the usual\\nway, will scare and run away as the result of an accident where-\\nby an object is precipitated upon his heels. And that it is pos-\\nsible to so educate the horse that the instant anything falls up-\\non his heels, he is to stop\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not even waiting to be told or to be\\npulled up by the lines\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an exemplification of the power of edu-\\ncation over animal instinct; to illustrate which a fine large\\nbreedy-looking, brown mare was hitched to a cart and a large\\nrattle-box affair, about the size of a beer keg was arranged to\\ndrop suddenly upon the heels of the mare when she was moving\\nalong at a rapid trot. Instead of taking fright, she instantly\\nstopped. This was repeated a number of times with the same\\nresult, showing she fully understood her part. It was explained\\nthat an axle is liable to break or a wheel come off, allowing the\\nvehicle to fall down: A nut was removed from one wheel of\\nthe cart, and the mare started off at a brisk trot, when suddenly\\nthe wheel rolled off and the cart fell to the pavement with a\\ncrash; but no sooner than the mare had stopped, without so\\nmuch as a pull at the line or a word spoken.\\nThe third and last test was truly alarming, and one which\\nrequired great courage in the driver, or complete confidence in\\nhis horse. This was a peculiar device by which the seat of the\\ncart, with all of its attachments\u00e2\u0080\u0094 by touching the button\u00e2\u0080\u0094 was\\nprecipitated, driver and all, through to the pavement below\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an\\napparent total wreck\u00e2\u0080\u0094 right against the horsed heels, where she", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "88 The Run away Horse.\\nhas driver and cart at her mercy, if she should kick or run away.\\nBut, as before, she stands fast while her driver crawls from the\\nwreck between her hind legs.\\nThe same tests with equal success were made with the other\\ntwo mares proving conclusively, to all present, the practicability\\nof Mr. Mercer s theory. These horses exhibited by Mr. Mercer\\nare not, as some may suppose, horses that have been used for\\nseveral years, but were harnessed for the first time the present\\nwinter, and have been worked only a short time. It is Mr.\\nMercer s method of education which has accomplished so much\\nin so short a time. The method used is one devised by Mr.\\nMercer, and never before practiced by any one else. Yet its\\nutility and efficiency were fully demonstrated.\\nSince ihis is an entirely new departure 1 in horse education\\nI have gone outside for some documentary evidence, for its\\nsubstantiation, and shall now return to the text.\\nWhen the horse has been thoroughly educated by means of\\nthe rattle-box, he will be proof against dangerous fright from\\nanything falling on his heels. Yet he should be educated to the\\nuse of the single-tree used in place of the rattle-box. And to\\nthe wheels coming off.\\nWhile yet giving him his work in the grape-vine hitch he\\nshould be subjected to the cross-bars running against his quart-\\ners: If the break-cart is used, strap a smooth bar across the\\nshafts well up toward the horse, loosen up the shaft lugs, take\\noff the breeching and run the cart up against the hoise s quart-\\ners\u00e2\u0080\u0094first lightly and repeat more forcibly\u00e2\u0080\u0094 at each time say,\\nWhoa. The design being to teach him incase of accident\\nwhereby the vehicle may come in contact with his quarters, he\\nis not to take fright, but to stop at once. After working him\\nin the hitch till all danger of accident is past, work him to the\\ncart arid repeat till he is thoroughly educated in the matter.", "height": "4269", "width": "2938", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "The Runaway Horse. K9\\nNo matter how good a horseman you may be, it is a source\\nof much satisfaction to know that in case of accident an axle\\ntree or wheel s breaking down; breeching or tugs breaking; sin-\\ngle tree or double-trees falling off, breaststrap or neck-yokes\\nbreaking, -causing the pole to fall down\u00e2\u0080\u0094 your horse will in no\\npossible event, take fright and become unmanageable.\\nThere is another important matter that may be noticed in\\nthis connection. For your horse to continue reliable, and to go\\non improving, you must always treat him with due considera-\\ntion, and cultivate his confidence\u00e2\u0080\u0094 treat him as you should your\\nbest friend. Never get out of patience, and whip and jerk and\\nscold him. Always treat your horse as though he is a gentleman\\nand you are another, and he will never desert you or prove\\nrecreant in a crisis\u00e2\u0080\u0094 providing he has been properly educated to\\nstart with.\\nWhile educating the horse upon any one particular point\\ndoes not educate him on some thing quite different, yet it may\\ncontribute to the effect indirectly or in a general way by devel-\\noping his mental aptitude.\\nFor example: Once when driving the educated mare before\\nalluded to, on the road, after dark, she suddenly stopped. I\\ntold her to go on. After taking a few steps, she stopped again.\\nThis led me to think there must be something wrong Where\\nupon I got out of the buggy to ascertain the dilemma, and found\\nthat the neck-strap had become detached from the breast collar,\\nallowing it to slip down. This mare had quite thorough drill\\nin connection with various mishaps, but none of this particular\\nkind. Yet all her special drill had been to teach her to stop and\\nstand when she found anything wrong. Whereas, without such\\ndrill, on the occurrence of this accident, she probably would\\nhave taken fright and become unmanageable. Again, if I had\\nless confidence in the mare, I might have thought she had no", "height": "4255", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "90 The Runaway Horse.\\nsufficient cause for her actions and tried to force her to proceed,\\nresulting in accident. This illustrates something of the confi-\\ndence that should exist between driver and horse.", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROTTER\\nAND PACER.\\nScientific Development of the Trotter and Pacer.\\nIN order to discuss comprehensively and scientifically the\\nsubject of developing and conditioning the trotter and\\npacer, necessitates a knowledge of the physiological char-\\nacteristics and functions of the various organs and systems\\nconstituting the horse s make-up. And all training and condi-\\ntioning not based upon such physiological and hygienic princi-\\nples, is only random and haphazard work; and whatever excel,\\nlence is attained by such methods, or lack of method is but the\\nresult of chance, with odds very much against success.\\nAmong the topics to be considered are\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the ossius system\\nor bony skeleton forming the substantial frame work of the\\nbody by means of which all motions of the body are effected*\\nWhile, in addition, the bones of the limbs act as levers whereby\\nlocomotion is also effected.\\nThe muscular system, by means of which all the motions^\\nmovements of the various members and parts of the body, and\\nlocomotion is effected\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the result of alternate contraction and\\nrelaxation of the muscles which are arranged in opposing sets\\nand pairs. Intimately connected with the muscles are the ten-\\ndons and ligaments.\\nThe digestive system\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the mouth, aesophagus, stomach*\\nintestines, the various glands and fluids which assist and facili-", "height": "4250", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "92 Developing the Trotter.\\ntate the digestion and assimilation of the food for the nourish-\\nment of the body.\\nThe circulatory system\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the heart, arteries, veins, lym-\\nphatics, by means of which all the organs are supplied with\\nnourishment, and the effete and worn out matter is eliminated\\nThe respiratory system\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the trachea, bronchial tubes,\\nlungs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the function of which is to revivify the blood by the\\nelimination of carbonic acid gas and other effect matter, and\\nsupplying it with the requisite oxygen. The circulatory and\\nraspiratory systems are very intimately connected.\\nThe neryous system\u00e2\u0080\u0094 brain, spinal cord, nerves (motary\\nand sensory) -the seat of intelligence and the mental faculties,\\npain and the control of all the motions of the body and its\\nmembers.\\nHence, the horse is a wonderfully complicated mechanism\\nof vital, mental and physical systems and organs, the harmoni-\\nous action of the functions of all of which is absolutely essential\\nto his highest attainable excellence, in any capacity to which he\\nis adapted.\\nIt is well known that if the functions of certain organs are\\nwholly interrupted for but a brief moment\u00e2\u0080\u0094 as the action of the\\nheart, or lungs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the horse will die at once. Hence, these are\\nvital functions.\\nThe function of the lungs in the process of breathing is to\\npurify and oxygenize the blood; and that of the heart, through\\nthe medium of the arteries and the veins, to supply every organ\\nand portion of the body with pure blood. If from any cause\\nthe horse is compelled to breathe impure air, the whole system\\nmust suffer in proportion to the impurity of the air\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a total\\ndeprivation of air means death at once. A partial deprivation\\nof pure air means partial death\u00e2\u0080\u0094 or what is the same thing, a\\nreduction of vitality, and, consequently, of ability to perform", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter. 93\\nan arduous task as is instanced in the case of a horse of requis-\\nite speed, yet is unable to perform a fast mile, or to win a race,\\nby reason of an obstruction in his throat, the insertion of a tube\\ntracheaotomy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 has vouchsafed the vital fluid wherewithal!\\nhe has been enabled to perform an otherwise impossible feat.\\nThis example illustrates two important principles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the nec-\\nessity for an abundance of pure air, and the ability to utilize it.\\nAnd intimately connected with the action of the lungs is that\\nof the heart. In order for the lungs to properly perform their\\nfunction, there must be an abundance of pure air with free ac-\\ncess to the lungs, and the heart must be fully equal to its task\\nof propelling the blood to the lungs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the pulmonary circulation\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094and also throughout the system -the systemic circulation.\\nHence, there are certain underlying phyiological principles\\ngoverning the development of the trotter and paoer, which must\\nbe observed to insure approximate, uniform success.\\nWhile, as in other departments of equine education, each\\nhorse has his own peculiarities\u00e2\u0080\u0094 physical and mental differing\\nin some degree from all others, yet the same general principles\\nmay be said to govern and yet many experienced trainers have\\ngot certain essential principles right, wrong; and have, unwit-\\ntingly, ruined many a bright prospect in consequence.\\nFor example: how often is the trainer seen working out his\\ncharge which seems endowed with a marked degree of speed\\nand ambition, but faltering in the last part of the mile. And\\nright here is where the trainer exhibits his utter lack of the sci-\\nence of training. Instead of taking back his exhausted horse\\nwith voice and whip he compels him to complete his exhaustion,\\nlest he may become a quitter. In his dense ignorance of phy-\\niological facts, laying the foundation of the very trait he is\\nendeavoring to avoid.\\nThe horse s preparation and condition have fitted him to go", "height": "4239", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "94 Developing the Trotter.\\njust so far, in a certain length of time; and to force him to go\\nfarther is to induce exhaustion, which will, by repetition, event-\\nually become a habit\u00e2\u0080\u0094 both a mental and physical disorder.\\nIndeed, one severe ordeal of this kind is sometimes quite suffi-\\ncient to sour and ruin a high strung animal.\\nAll the energy of the horse\u00e2\u0080\u0094 vital, nervous, physical\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is\\nderived from, and maintained by the food which he consumes.\\nThis food contains the crude elements from which every tissue\\nbone, cartillage, muscle, nerve, tendon, ligament, fat, (even\\nthe thoughts of the horse are embodied in the growing oats),--\\nis elaboroted. While water constitutes by far the larger por-\\ntion, by weight, of the body, and performs a very essential func-\\ntion in the nutrition of the horse, it is in no way digested, or\\nchemically changed.\\nThe physical economy of the horse is such that the system\\nadapts itself, within certain limits, to the methods of exercise\\nto which the horse is subjected; and the waste and repair may\\nbe equal, or one or the other may predominate according to pre-\\nvailing conditions.\\nThere is a constant waste going on in the body even in a\\nstate of repose. This waste is accelerated by any and all kinds\\nof movements, motions and exertions. The elements to repair\\nthis waste, is furnished by the food, through the operation of\\nnutrition digestion,absorbtion, assimilation\u00e2\u0080\u0094 effected by means\\nof the circulation of the blood.\\nIt is the province of scientific training of the horse, not\\nonly to maintain the proper and natural balance of the muscu-\\nlar system, but to improve that system in both quantity and\\nquality; and above all to develop that most essential quality of\\nrapid recuperation. And upon this particular feature depends\\nthe ultimate success of the trainer s art, so far as the race horse\\nis concerned. The horse may acquire a wonderful turn of speed,", "height": "4269", "width": "2985", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Developing the. Trotter. 95\\nbut be utterly unable to carry it for the mile. Or, he may be\\nable to go one fast mile, but incapable of fighting out a race of\\nheats. There are two primary conditions, either of which may\\ncause such a result\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the horse may lack the proper kind of work\\nor he may be over-worked.\\nFor a short distance, at the run, pace or trot, the recupera-\\ntive powers of the horse are not brought into requisi-\\ntion simultaneously with the muscular exertion recuperation\\nsucceeds the effort. The foot-racer can, and does run fifty\\nyards without once taking breath; but he is compelled to\\nbreathe more or less violently, subsequently, to restore the\\nequilibrium of nutrition to the system. Every muscular exer-\\ntion is attended with a corresponding loss of muscular tissue-\\ndeath to muscular substance which must be eliminated from\\nthe system by means of the circulation and respiration, failing\\nin which this effete, or exhausted matter becomes a veritable\\npoison clogging the system.\\nThe blood holds in solution the elements of which every organ\\nand tissue of the body is constructed. And these elements are\\noriginally derived from the food. And so long as these ele-\\nments are readily available from alimentation, the integrity of\\nthe muscles is preserved. But, in all muscular effort, the muscu.\\nlar tissue, itself, is, in part, consumed, and must be replaced, or\\nsuffer emaciation. Hence, there is a constant change in muscu-\\nlar tissue attending muscular exertion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the old being replaced\\nby the new. And so long as the two operations\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the loss and\\nthe gain\u00e2\u0080\u0094 are equal, the proper balance of muscular tissue is\\npreserved. When by judicious alimentation and exercise, the\\ngain exceeds the loss, increased muscular power is the result.\\nBut lack of nutrition or over work, or both, will result in re-\\nducing the size of the muscles, and the power of the muscular\\nsystem.", "height": "4266", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "96 Developing the Trotter.\\nThe functional economy of the constitution of the horse is\\nsuch that a very moderate or slow locomotion can be maintained\\nfor a relatively long time without deleterious effects\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the length\\nof time being in direct ratio to the speed attained, the vital and\\nphysical operations of nutrition maintaining the equilibrium of\\nwaste and repair. But even the slowest imaginary locomotion\\nmust not be continued indefinitely, or waste of tissue and ulti-\\nmate death will supervene. But by increasing the locomotion\\nto a violent rate, the waste at once exceeds the recuperation and\\nexhaustion results\u00e2\u0080\u0094 sometimes fatal\\nThe horse is endowed, by nature, with ability for rapid and\\ncomplete recuperation from the most violent, yet brief, loco-\\nmotory effort\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the foal but a few days old will indulge in the\\nmost violent rushes back and forth past his dam while grazing\\nin the pasture, when a few minutes rest will restore his energies.\\nThe judicious and discerning trainer must base his art upon\\nthis provision of nature. If the race for the pacer and the\\ntrotter had been fixed at a quarter of a mile instead of the mile,\\nand at greater distances, as is sometimes the case, much of tire\\ndifficulty would be removed, as, in that case, speed would be the\\nprime essential, and endurance of secondary importance. Few\\nhorses cannot be trained to carry a very fast clip for that dis.\\ntance. There have been many horses that could trot, and\\nothers that could pace a quarter of a mile in 30 seconds, and\\nothers even faster, but none yet has been able to go the mile in\\ntwo minutes with the one exception. Hence, the trainer s capi-\\ntal stock is the horse s natural ability for rapid locomotion for a\\nshort distance, and, subsequent, speedy recuperation. It is the\\nprovince of the trainer to elaborate, supplement and intensify\\nthese natural qualities.\\nThe fact that ignorant persons without any knowledge of\\nthe fundamental physiological principles relating to scientific", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter. 97\\ntraining of the horse have succeeded in developing remarkable\\nspeed in the pacer or trotter, does not, by any means, disprove\\nthe necessity and efficacy of scientific training based upon phv\\nsiological principles,for where one such has been trained suc-\\ncessfully .there have been hundreds of failures.\\nSenator Stanford s Five Rules.\\nExposition and analysis of Senator Stanford s Five Rules\\nfor Developing the Trotter, by J. W. Mercer, first published by\\nme in The Horseman.\\nRule 1. No horse in condition to be worked for speed\\nshall be jogged, as it is then a useless waste of force.\\nRule 2. The amount of work to be given the horse, and\\nthe distance he is to be driven, must be determined by his\\ncondition.\\nRule 3. To develop and to acquire speed, the horse must\\nbe driven short distances, hut forced in some part of his work\\nto a supreme effort.\\nRule 4. The horse should not be driven far enough to\\nproduce exhaustion, since, at that time relaxation occurs and\\nbreak-downs are the result. Always go to the stable w. th the\\nfull speed left.\\nRule 5. When the horse has acquired speed, lengthen\\nthe drive gradually until he has developed the necessary\\nmotive and lung power to carry the speed the full distance he\\nis expected to go\\nOften we find that while many important and useful dis-\\ncoveries appear to have been the result of accident, they\\nprove, when fully investigated and applied, to be based upon\\nreally scientific principles. On the other hand, many equally\\nuseful scientific facts are the deductions of theories and hypo-\\ntheses demonstrated by actual test and experiment. This is", "height": "4265", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "98 Developing the Trotter.\\nno less true regarding the trotter in training than in other de-\\npartments of human endeavor. The theories and practices of\\nformer years have been Yery much modified\u00e2\u0080\u0094 indeed, revolu-\\ntionized in some respects. Could the shades of the immortal\\nHiram Woodruff return from the happy trotting grounds on\\nthe go den shore and view in panoramic procession the\\nradical changes which have taken place in the trotting world\\nsince the grim flagman caught him outside the distance pole\\nhe could illy conceal his astonishment and admiration at the\\nfrail bike, nicely-fitting boots and lighter shoes with which\\nthe modern trotter is now accoutred, nor refrain from holding\\nup his hands in holy terror at the quantity of grass fed to\\nAllerton the evening before his race. While many gocd and\\nfast trotters have been developed by all manner of methods,\\nand by no methods, by systematic braining and total lack of\\nsystem in training, yet the fact remains that to insure the\\nhighest general success the trainer must conform strictly to\\nthe laws governing physical and mental development.\\nIdeal success is attained only when the horse has reached\\nthe highest degree of speed of which he is capable and pos-\\nsessess a disposition to exert his powers to their uttermost as\\nlong as he is asked to do so without any inclination to break\\nfrom the trot. These attainments cannot be considered of a f\\nhigh order when represented by the magnificent cripples\\nwhich are almost universally the product of the old sys- v\\nterns of training. The ideal developed trotter is a paragon of\\nsoundness and health. Hence there is much that is radically\\nwrong in any system of development which results in making\\na cripple of the average horse subjected to it even, as is often\\nthe case, before he has had the opportunity to accomplish the\\nobject for which he was bred, raised and trained, and m%y\\nwith reason be characterized as a failure.", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter,\\nRule 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 No horse in condition to be worked for speed shall\\nbe jogged, as it is then a useless waste of force.\\nWhen the horse is in condition to be worked for speed\\nspeed and the ability to trot the mile out being the great de-\\nsideratum of the trainer\u00e2\u0080\u0094all his efforts must be exerted with\\nthis end in view, the most rigid economy of force must be\\nobserved, none to be frittered away in useless jogging. In\\nobedience to the great law of compensation\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of waste and re-\\npair\u00e2\u0080\u0094a certain amount, of exercise is essential to the health of\\nthe physical and mental, systems of all animals. With less\\nthan this, degeneration results; in great excess, relaxation and\\ndisorganization ensues. Light, heat and motion are only dif-\\nferent manifestations of energy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the result of mechanical\\nand chemical forces. During the Jife of all warm-blooded\\nanimals^ as man or the horse, both mechanical and chemical\\noperations are constantly going on within the body\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the beat-\\ning of the heart, the circulation of the blood, the oxidation of\\nthe carbon in the blood by means of which the temperature\\nof the body is maintained. These operations are attended by\\na wasting of the material substance of the body which is re_\\nplaced by matter furnished by the food and drink of the sub-\\nject. This waste increases in proportion to the amount and\\ntfnature of the exercise given.\\nLet us suppose that three horses, all in condition to be\\nworked for speed, are standing in their boxes. One is allowed\\nto remain in his stall, the second is hitched to a cart and\\nwalked three miles, the third is hitched to the bike and\\nworked three miles for speed, doing several quarters at his best\\nclip. The first horse has sustained a certain amount of loss\\nof material substance by reason of the performance of the\\nfunctions and the maintenance of the normal temperature of\\nhis body\u00e2\u0080\u0094 which loss will be increased as the temperature uf", "height": "4260", "width": "2830", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "100 Developing the Trotter,\\nthe stall is lowered. The second horse has, in addition to the\\ncauses enumerated in connection with the first, to supply the\\nwaste occasioned by the exercise taken while the third, which\\nhas been subjected to more violent exercise, has sustained a\\ncorrespondingly greater amount of waste. The nourishment\\nconsumed by the horse is the source from which is derived all\\nmuscular and nervous activity by means of which he is ena-\\nbled to make all exertions more or less violent, and his capac-\\nity to consume and assimilate food measurably determines his\\nability to make and sustain the effort necessary to trot a fast\\nmile or race. The food is the fuel which supplies the steam\\nto run the engine.\\nThe fact that many trainers are accustomed to spend so\\nmuch of their time and the energy of the horse in jogging gave\\nrise to this first rule, which was a radical innovation in the\\nmethods generally followed. To illustrate we may introduce\\ncomparisons: The horse is in condition to be worked for\\nspeed. We boot him, harness him, and hitch him up just the\\nsame as we should to race him. Remember, we are not ?oing\\nto jog him, but to work him for speed. Of course he will be\\nboth walked and jogged incidentally, but not in the usual\\nacceptance of the term as will be seen further on. We walk\\nor jog him the reverse way of the track, up to the quarter\\npole; here we turn round an 1 start along down toward the\\nwire, finishing at a good stiff gate. Now we walk him back\\nup to the quarter-pole and brush down as before, sending him\\nalong from the eighth-pole as fast as he can trot squarely.\\nThis is repeated perhaps five timos. Each effort has aggre-\\nated a little more that half a mile in all about three miles.\\nIf desired the horse may be started up and brushed back and\\nforth through the stretch instead of in the manner described.\\nHe must now be properly cooled out and returned to his box*", "height": "4269", "width": "2962", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "Developing the Troti 101\\nIt will readily be seen that no force or energy of the horse has\\nbeen wasted in idle jogging, but expended in developing speed.\\nTheoretically the horse is to be worked on this plan daily,\\nand in accordance with rule 2. The illustration is only typi-\\ncal of the system of training.\\nNow let us consider what has been accomplished by our\\nneighbor who came out with his horse hitched to the cart at\\nthe same time we came out with ours. He, too, has a rule,\\nwhich is to jog his horse ten miles every day, he does not\\nrepeat him. Be is a very moderate jogger, for many horses\\nare jogged fifteen and twenty miles daily. He is kept quite\\nbusy and at the end of an hour the jogging is completed. His\\nhorse, covered with foam and sweat, is hurried off to the\\nbarn, for this trainer has another rule, which is to always\\nhave a scrape on the horse when he is brought in so he can rub\\nhim out, and, if properly done, it will require an hour more\\nto cool him out. What has been accomplished? Surely no\\nspeed has been developed. On the contrary, no inconsiderable\\namount of force 5 has been wasted and much valuable time\\nsquandered, for the horse can trot no faster then when taken\\nfrom the stall, nor has the jogging in any way prepared him\\nto increase his speed in the future. The next two days we\\nwork our horse in the manner described and our neighbor\\ndoes his daily jogging.\\nNow compare results. By a well-established physiological\\nlaw the animal organism acquires power, ability and facility\\nto perform feats of strength and agility by practicing or re-\\npeating acts or feats leading up to the climax of the perform-\\nance, always in a progressive manner, so that no overt act of\\nviolence may be done to any organ concerned. Our horse has\\nbeen trained three consecutive days, on each of which\\nhe has exerted himself to his utmost, his full speed having", "height": "4262", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "102 Developing the Trotter.\\nbeen required of him several times for a short distance; con-\\nsequently he must be three days nearer the point where he\\nwill be able to trot a fast mile. Ca nthe same be said of our\\njogging neighbor? Certainly not. All in the world his daily\\nten miles jogging has effected is, perhaps, to better the con-\\ndition of the horse to do the same thing\u00e2\u0080\u0094 jog ten miles in the\\nsame or less time, or jog a little more than ten miles in the\\nsame time, depending entirely upon whether the horse was\\noriginally capable of jogging ten miles within the given time\\nwithout injury, which may or may not be true. Certainly, in\\naccordance with all physiological and hygienic laws, he has\\nin no wise accomplished any direct improvement in his capa-\\nbility of going a fast mile.\\nEule 2\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The amount of work to be given a horse and the\\ndistance he is to be driven must be determined by his condi-\\ntion.\\nIn our consideration of rule 1 we assumed five turns\\nbeyond the quarter-pole and back to the wire to be about the\\nright amount of work for the horse, but in accordance with\\nrule 2 the amount of work to be given must not be fixed arbi-\\ntrarily, yet our jogging neighbor impartially gives each horse\\nten miles daily. He assumes that every horse in training\\nneeds ten miles at least.\\nAs stated under the analysis of rule 1, there are two\\nmethods of applying it; the horse may be walked or jogged\\nslowly up beyond the quarter-pole and then brushed back\\npast the wire; or he may be brushed back and forth through\\nthe stretch or round the turn. The former method is prefer-\\nable in the earlier stages of training, the latter when the\\nhorse is in condition to take more work. However, if the\\nhorse is to be given more than five or six brushes as men\\ntioned, it will be well to take him from the track, walk and", "height": "4269", "width": "2943", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter. 103\\nrest him up for twenty-five or thirty minutes, then return\\nhim for further efforts; or he may be worked twice a day,\\nover-work being studiously guarded against.\\nRule 3\u00e2\u0080\u0094 To. develop and acquire speed the horse must be\\ndriven short distances, but forced in some parts of his work\\nto a supreme effort.\\nDevelopment of speed at the trot, like all physical and\\nmental acquisitions, must be the result of efforts directly in\\nline with the object to be accomplished. Every time the\\nhorse is induced or forced to trot faster than before, speed\\ndevelopment is the result. In contra-distinction each day\\nthat the horse is jogged ten miles, as before mentioned, no\\nspeed is developed; but, on the contrary, he is developing the\\nability to trot ten miles at the rate at which he is driven\\nrepeatedly, whatever rate that may be. No horse possessing\\nphenominal speed can trot a mile relatively as fast as he can\\na quarter, however thorough his preparation; yet, ability to\\ntrot a fast quarter is reasonably presumptive evidence of an\\nanimal s capacity to trot a fast mile when properly condi-\\ntioned. On the other hand, the horse that cannot learn to\\ntrot a fast quarter is not very likely to learn to trot a fast\\nmile.\\nRule 4\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The horse should not be driven far enough to\\nproduce exhaustion, as at that time relaxation occurs, and\\nbreak-downs are the result. Always go to the stable with the\\nfull speed left.\\nThat few horses now remain perfectly sound during their\\ncour.e of training is, alas, to well known. There must be a\\ncause for this wholesale production of cripples. The cause is\\nnot hard to find. A coit is considered sound at birth, barring\\nhereditary weaknesses; but was there ever a colt free from\\nentailed unsoundness foaled in domestication? Now, were", "height": "4263", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "104\\nDeveloping the Trotter.\\nthis colt allowed to run in the pasture at his own sweet will,\\nand never galled with the weight of harness or saddle, he\\nmight attain a ripe old age free from blemish or scar and be\\nto all appearances, sound, with even his hereditary defects\\nmeasurably obliterated.\\nMother Nature s efforts may be exerted in this wise: The\\nvital and physical energies not being called into frequent\\nexcessive action, as in the case of the horse or colt in training\\nhave leisure to repair and strengthen the innately defective\\nor weak parts the result being a comparatively sound animal\\none, at least, with no visible deformities; whereas, when the\\nnervous and physical forces are exhausted by long continued\\nor too frequent violent efforts, there remains no surplus energy\\nto repair hereditary or acquired defects. A chain is no\\nstronger than its weakest link, runs the old saw, and by too\\nfrequent excessive exertions the whole system is weakened\\nand the defective parts give way.\\nHad former methods of training been less rigorous, and\\nespecially had these efforts been shortened, thereby permit-\\nting the restoration of the equilibrum of the vital and phy-\\nsical forces, strength would have been added to strength, in\\nlieu of exhaustion and ultimate break-down. Practically the\\nsame perfection in the animal may be attained and main-\\ntained during the course of training as in the case of the\\nhorse in the pasture, if his efforts are never carried to a point\\napproaching exhaustion and ample times is on all occasions\\nallowed for complete recuperation. By this means and this\\nonly can perfection be approximated. Any course in which\\nthese facts are not observed is suicidal.\\nAt srme point during this daily training the horse is, if\\nhis work has been properly graduated and the conditions are\\nlight, able to surpass anything he has ever been able to do", "height": "4269", "width": "2961", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter. l()o\\nbefore. This is theend to which all his training up to this time\\nhas been done. Very well; he is given the necessary prelimin-\\nary preparation, he makes the effort, he trots the eighth\\nquarter, half or mile better than ever before\u00e2\u0080\u0094 better than it\\nwas thought he could. Will wisdom or good judgment dictate\\nthat he shall be required to repeat the effort over and over\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nagain till he is on the verge of exhaustion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 nerves, heart and\\nmuscles all in a flutter\u00e2\u0080\u0094 or that he be returned to the stable\\nwith his full speed left, to recuperate for a subsequent su-\\neffort? The. fact that a horse has surpassed all previous\\nefforts is evidence sufficient that he needs immediate recuper-\\nation, for it is the high tension to which his system has been\\nsubjected that tells upon it, much more than an extended\\nmoderate effort. If he is repeatedly compelled to make the\\neffort until, from exhaustion, he has neither the disposition\\nnor ability to approach his best, his actual progress in speed\\ndevelopment and racehorse qualities are materially retarded,\\nif not permanently lessened. He has received a set-back in\\nhis work which time alone can repair. His disposition has\\nbeen soured. Not only this, but any predisposed weaknesses\\nare much aggravated, and culminate, perhaps, in positive\\nlameness. His chances subsequently to excel his previous\\nhigh-class performance are not nearly so good as they would\\nhave been if returned to the stable with his full speed left.\\nRule 5\u00e2\u0080\u0094 When the horse has acquired speed lengthen the\\ndrive gradually until he has developed the necessary motive\\nand lung-power to carry the speed the full distance he is ex-\\npected to go.\\nTheoretically, the horse has now acquired the requisite\\nspeed, and it remains to complete his condition to carry it\\nthe mile or series of miles. This feature of the horse s educa-\\ntion requires quite as much moderation, skill and judgment", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "106 Developing the Trotter,\\nas in the previous stages of training; for, while every eighth,\\nquarter and half-mile performed properly is a passport to his\\nability to go a fast mile, the faster he can go an eighth or\\nquarter the more likely is he to be overdone. There are so\\nmany evils resulting from overwork that it cannot be too\\nstudiously avoided, These are manifest in a horse s hitching,\\nhopping, breaking, side-reining and the many other faults\\nwhich go to perplex the trainer and retard the progress of the\\ntrotter. Hence, to insure legitimate and permanent improve-\\nment, the horse must not be forced nor permitted to exert\\nhimself for any distance beyond which his previous prepara-\\ntion has fitted him to go without danger of overworking him,\\nwhich is a more serious matter than many suppose.\\nIt is a noticeable fact that a colt, however young, at least\\nafter a week or two old, is able to run a short distance, per-\\nhaps an eighth of a mile, at a terrible rate with no previous\\nspecial preparation and with no apparent injury. Also that a\\nyoung thinsr, perhaps less than a year old, may be harnessed\\nto the cart and compelled to draw a man repeatedly for a short\\ndistance\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an eighth of a mile\u00e2\u0080\u0094 at the trot, pace or run, with\\nno perceptible evil effects.\\nWhy, a pacer fourteen months old, weighing less than 600\\npounds, the past season often pulled a man eighths of a mile\\nin less than 17 seconds better than a 2:20 clip. Some parts\\nof this distance he could pace a two-minute gait. But the\\nclip was so terrific that if he started away at his best he was\\nliable to falter at the finish of the 40 rods. The same is true\\nof the fastest and best conditioned pacer or trotter that, so\\nfar, ever lived in going the mile. If he is strung out from the\\nstart he is sure to slow up before the wire is reached. With-\\nout entering minutely into the details of the hypothesis,\\nsuffice it to assume that any sound colt a year or more old can", "height": "4269", "width": "2933", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter. 10?\\ntrot or pace an eighth of a mile at his best clip without in-\\njury, that he can do this with no previous preparation oth^r\\nthan sufficient to break him to harness, that he can do this\\nrepeatedly within reasonable limits, that he can go a longer\\ndistance at a correspondingly slower rate up to the mile.\\nConversely, the mile appears to be the utmost limit to which\\nthe horse can carry his clip; indeed, experience so far has\\nshown this distance quite too long.\\nIt is a consummation devoutly to be wished for by the\\ntrainer that he may ultimately be able to get his charge to\\ncarry his full speed to the end of the route. Hence the trainer s\\nstock in trade is the eighth of a mile\u00e2\u0080\u0094 forty rods\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and his\\nfortune to be amassed is the mile\u00e2\u0080\u0094 320 rods. Therefore his\\nsuccess in business depends entirely upon whether or not he\\nsquanders his patrimony in riotous living or practices the\\nnecessary economy and frugality.\\nPractical Development of the Trotter and Pacer.\\nThere is scarcely a locality in the whole length and breadth\\nof the country where the ubiquitous trotter and pacer is not now\\nto be found.\\nAnd since the market value of the light harness horse is al-\\nmost wholly determined by his education and his speed, a chap-\\nter on the practical development of the trotter and pacer is here\\nincluded, which, it is sincerely hoped, may be of much value to\\nall who have such stock to handle.\\nThe scientific aspect of training the trotter and pacer is\\ntreated under the articles: Scientific Development of the\\nTrotter and Pacer, The Exposition and Analysis\\nof Stanford s Five Rules for Training the Trotter.\\nAlso the primary education of the horse; the care and bal-\\nancing of the feet, in common with all kinds of horses is pro-", "height": "4253", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "108 Developing the Trotter.\\nvided for. Hence, when the time comes to begin the practical\\ndevelopment of speed, th3 horse is supposed to be thoroughly\\nbroken, and tractable; and that his practical development is to\\nbe conducted upon scientific principles.\\nSupposing the subject to be a young thing\u00e2\u0080\u0094 yearling, two-\\nyear-old or three-year-old; or older; the work is to be conducted\\nin the same general way varied in accordance with the pre-\\nvailing conditions.\\nAnd, since this department is intended especially for the\\namateur trainer, I shall enter somewhat into the minute details.\\nSupposing the colt to be well broken and tractable, and you\\nare now to give him his first lesson upon the track. Have the\\ncolt s feet trued and balanced as directed elsewhere in the work,\\nand work him a little time bare-footed. Or have him shod all\\nround with light plain shoes at first, and study his gait and\\naction.\\nHitch the colt to a light cart, drive him on to the track,\\nturn him to the left and proceed slowly the reverse, or wrong\\nway, well to the outside. Drive him a few times round in this\\ndirection Now turn him, go in well up toward the pole in-\\nside\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and drive him a few times round in that direction.\\nThis work is to be continued and repeated daily, until the\\ncolt has become familiar with all his surroundings upon the\\ntrack. Then he may be brushed along a little at intervals. It\\nis always best to have him well disciplined before changing him\\nfrom the cart to the sulky; for it is very important not to per\\nmit him to make any mistakes.\\nThe amount of this preliminary work must be determined\\nby all the attending circumstances\u00e2\u0080\u0094 condition and disposition of\\nthe horse or colt; the season of the year; the time that can be\\ndevoted to this work; the kind of cart used- if you have one of\\nthe light modern speeding carts, then no need to hurry the", "height": "4248", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter. 10U\\nchange to the bike. However, when the time has come to be-\\ngin his work for speed\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and this is just as soon as the track is\\nin safe condition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the colt should be hitched up right, and\\nhitched light: and his work begun, and no time fooled away in\\nuseless jogging.\\nWe will suppose our subject to be a two-year-old trotter, of\\naverage size, and fairly gaited, well broken and educated to the\\ntrack; shod\u00e2\u0080\u0094 eight or ten ounce shoes in front, and four or five\\nbehind. It is best to boot him up pretty well, as a precaution\\nagainst hitting himself\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it is much easier to prevent faulty\\naction as a result of striking, than to cure it. Put on quarter\\nboots, scalpers, front and hind shin boots to start with: and any\\nothers that prove to be necessary to protect him.\\nAfter a time such of the boots as he does not need, may be\\nleft off.\\nCheck the colt up loosely at first\u00e2\u0080\u0094 sometimes a side check\\nmay be used to advantage. The manipulation of the check is a\\nvery important feature in training the trotter and pacer.\\nAll the preliminaries having received due attention, hitch\\nup the colt and drive out upon the track\u00e2\u0080\u0094 supposing it to be a\\nmile track. Go back up the stretch above the distance stand^\\nturn round, and start back at a good fast jog. After passing\\nthe quarter pole, pull up and talk the colt back to a slow jog\\nJog on slowly round to the three-quarter pole; here begin to\\nmove him along faster, gradually increasing his speed, finishing\\ndown past the wire at a good brush. Pull him up, turn round\\nand walk him back up beyond the distance stand.\\nNow turn him round and brush him down well past the\\nquarter pole, gradually swinging out from the pole toward the\\nmiddle of the track, slow up, turn round and walk him back\\nwell past the first quarter pole. Turn round again, swing in\\nclose to the pole, start him along, and drive him on past the", "height": "4246", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "J 10 Developing the Trotter.\\nhalt-mile pole, letting him step the last eighth about as fast as\\nhe can go good gaited. When well past the half pole, gradually\\nswing out, slow up, turn round, and walk him back well past\\nthe half pole. Turn round and work the third and the fourth\\nquarters in the same manner.\\nThis will make a work-out for the colt. Now take him to\\nthe barn, unhitch him, give him some water, sponge off his\\nmouth, nose, and eyes, take off his harness and boots, and\\nsponge off his legs.\\nIf the weather is cool, cover him up so he will be kept\\nwarm, and walk him ten or fifteen minutes. Then hitch him\\nup and give him another similar work-out. And yet one or\\nmore additional ones, according to the circumstances of the\\nparticular case\u00e2\u0080\u0094 always bearing in mind that it is far better to\\nwork the colt to little tlran too much. The colt may be worked\\nin this way every day, so long as he keeps right, and shows im-\\nprovement in speed, condition and disposition. If he gets a\\nlittle stale, give him less work, and a day or two ofT; and to ex-\\nercise him, walk him; don t jog him, which, as is usually\\npracticed, is an abomination.\\nThere are several purposes to be subserved by this method,\\nof working the colt. All his energies are utilized in developing\\nspeed and condition. He can be worked every day for speed.\\nHe can be given far more work with less danger of injury than\\nby the ordinary method. This is the natural way to develop\\nspeed and condition. He is taught to rely more implicitly upon\\nhis driver. By constantly talking to the horse while speeding\\nhim he learns to take his cue from his driver and is governed\\naccordingly.\\nThis method of training early teaches the colt to square\\naway and get on his stride promptly a most invaluable acquis-\\nition in the road horse or the track horse. The horse that can", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter.\\nbe relied upon to turn round, come to the wire on his stride, and\\nget away at, approximately, full speed, has an immense advan-\\ntage over the horse of the opposite proclivities, though the latter\\nmay outclass the former in the matter of speed. Often the era-\\ntic, speedy. horse scores himself and most of the field to death;\\nand loses the race to the horse of less speed, but more sense, and\\nbetter education, that will go back up the stretch a short dis-\\ntance, turn short, get away fast, stop and come back at the tap\\nof the bell; repeat this as often as required, and go for the heat\\nfresh and strong when the word is given. This system of devel-\\noping and training the colt prepares him for all such emergen-\\ncies. The horse that has to be taken away back in the vicinity\\nof the three-quarter pole and then carried away down near the\\nquarter pole before being pulled up and turned, at each score,\\nis fatally handicapped in comparision with the horse that has\\nbeen developed and trained by this system\u00e2\u0080\u0094 other qualifications\\nbeing approximately equal.\\nAnd the driving horse that can turn round and get away\\npromptly; or start up and get on his stride at once, is much\\nmore satisfactory than one that may have even more speed but\\nis beaten in the brush before he can get started.\\nBy this system of development, the colt never gets unduly\\ntired and winded; while the contrary is true of the conventional\\nsystem. And it is when the colt becomes tired that he hits\\nhimself and becomes bad gaited. And it is always the most\\npromising and speediest colts that go wrong first when injudi-\\nciously trained; for their great speed quickly tires and exhausts\\nthem; then they commence to strike and go bad gaited. Con-\\ntinued repetitions of this mal-treatment causes the trouble to be-\\ncome chronic, the colt cranky and sour; and the brightest pros-\\npect proves a signal failure to the surprise and chagrin of both", "height": "4262", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "112 Developing the Trotter.\\ntrainer and owner. Hence, it is that the natural inheritance of\\nextreme speed may prove fatal to it possessor.\\nAs soon as the colt begins to tire he commences to lose his\\nprecision and harmony of action -goes broken or rough gaited\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094he is to be taken back at once; further fast work is a positive\\ndetriment.\\nEvery time the colt performs a quarter as fast, or a little\\nfaster, than ever before, smoothly and good gaited, he shows\\nsubstantial improvement. For it demonstrates that Irs im-\\nprovement is progressive; and that he has suffered no deterio-\\nration from overwork or otherwise; and that he is one more\\npoint advanced toward the consummation for which he was\\nbred, and is now in training. And every time the colt is forced\\nto carry his clip beyond the distance for which his condition\\nand preparation has fitted him, he must suffer injury; and, by\\nindefinite repetition the injury becomes irreparable.\\nThe development of speed in the colt should be constant\\nand gradual\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not spasmodic.\\nWhile the course already prescribed is to be generally prac-\\nticed, and relied upon for the development of speed it is to be\\nvaried and modified: Occasionally work the colt the half in\\nthe manner prescribed for the quarter; that is\u00e2\u0080\u0094 mix in a half\\nin place of the quarter once in a while, as his work is advanced\\nand his condition sufficiently improved. Then, occasionally,\\ngive him a slow mile\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the first quarter fast, and the last eighth\\nor quarter fast according to the condition of the particular in-\\ndividual.\\nWork the colt in company as much as possible.\\nAt any time when the colt appears unduly warm, or dis-\\ntressed, either let him walk till he recovers or what, perhaps, is\\nbetter, take him off the track and cool him out\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it is suicidal to\\ncontinue to work him for speed, while in that condition.", "height": "4269", "width": "2947", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter, 113\\nIt may occur that after the colt has been taking work\\nkindly and all right, for a time, on going out upon the track, as\\nusual, he may not act like himself\u00e2\u0080\u0094 appear cranky, and mani-\\nfest ill temper in various ways; not inclined to step out with his\\nusual spirit; breaks when urged to go along; shakes his head;\\nfights the check.\\nAny real trainer, after working a colt long enough to become\\nfamiliar with his individual, mental and physical idiosyncracies\\nshould be able to determine at once, when he is in proper form\\nfor work and not shamming as is often assumed. However\\nthis is one of the distinctions between the would be and the\\nreal trainer.\\nThe sagacious trainer will apprehend, at once, that some-\\nthing is amiss with the colt; and not commit the egregious blun-\\nder that many do\u00e2\u0080\u0094 whip and run him; pull and jerk him, be-\\ncause he is cranky; but take him from the track at once;\\nunhitch him and return him to his box, and ascertain what is\\nwrong with him. Learn the condition of his temperature and\\npulse. If no need for medical treatment is indicated, cover him\\nup according to the temperature of the weather and give him a\\nlittle walk in the open air in the sun, if the weather is cool,\\nand in the shade, if hot; give him some grass if obtainable\\nGet him back into form before trying to work him for speed.\\nThe work of the colt so far prescribed, is designed, primar-\\nily, for the development of speed. And, yet, every fast eighth\\nand quarter he has performed, has directly contributed to his\\nabilities to perform a fast mile, by the enhancement of the two\\nessential prerequisites\u00e2\u0080\u0094 speed and condition.\\nSo, also, shall his subsequent special preparation for the\\nmile, continue to contribute to his speed development.\\nSupposing the colt s work has progressed satisfactorily, and\\nthe time has now come to prepare him for a mile trial.", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "114 Developing the Trotter.\\nGet him ready, go out on the track, and give him his prelim-\\ninary brush work. Bring him in and cool him out.\\nHitch him up again, return to the track, go back about 150\\nyards above the wire, and score him down 150 or 200 yards past\\nthe wire. Pull him up, go back about the same distance as be-\\nfore, and come to the wire about as fast as the colt can go\u00e2\u0080\u0094 this\\ntime you are going the mile- and work him along fast, well past\\nthe quarter pole, then take him a little, keeping on, and when\\nyou reach the three-quarter pole, finish the mile as fast as he\\ncan go.\\nTake him in, cool him out, and work him another mile or\\ntwo in the same way.\\nThe following day his brush work may be resumed; and the\\nnext, his mile work repeated\\nAs his mile work progresses, it is to be varied by extending\\nhis drive in the first part of the mile beyond the quarter pole,\\ngradually approaching the half pole.\\nThen easing him up through the second quarter, and work-\\ning the last half fast.\\nThen, again, working the first and last quarters fast, with a\\ngood stiff drive all through the middle half.\\nThe colt should now be worked only alternate days, and\\ngiven a walk of about two miles twice a day, on the other days\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094not jogged.\\nOr worked two days and walked one. Or worked one day\\nand walked two, to be determined by the condition, and require-\\nments of the particular case. Under no circumstances, over-\\nwork him.\\nThe colt can be prepared, and given a few mile trials, in this\\nway, and then his work for speed development resumed.\\nAnd, at intervals, given further trials, if desired; but at no\\ntime should the colt be strung out for a mile\u00e2\u0080\u0094 one that has suf", "height": "4269", "width": "2955", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter, US\\nficient speed and breeding to warrant his being trained for a\\ntrack horse.\\nNor is such a course at all necessary; for any one possessing\\nsufficient skill and judgment to be a successful trainer, can\\ndetermine approximately, what the colt is capable of doing\\nwithout the hazard of such a test.\\nThere are no cast iron, rules applicable to the training of\\nthe trotter and pacer.\\nWhile upon almost every page of this dhapter, and upon\\nsome pages perhaps twice, I have admonished the trainer to stu-\\ndiously guard against over-working the colt, this feature of the\\nwork is of such vital importance that I am constrained to recall\\nspecial attention to the matter again at the risk of being tedious.\\nThere will be found colts possessed of different degrees of\\nnatural speed from the one that can scarcely hit a trot to the\\none that can stop the watch.\\nAnd I apprehend that if the statistics were available, it\\ncould be shown that the phenominally promising colt has prov-\\nen a failure quite as frequently as the one of the mediocre class.\\nWhy is this thus? Why this apparent\u00e2\u0080\u0094 or rather real paradox?\\nHas nature s endowment of early speed necessarily entailed\\npremature decay? Well, nay, verily. Everything else being\\nequal, I will take the natural born trotter for mine. Yes, and\\nI ll give you odds. Nature has made no mistake. It is lack of\\nskill and judgment in the trainer that has wreck and ruin\\nwrought\\nThe colt or green horse of the mediocre class has so little\\nspeed, and his development is so slow that his condition keeps\\nquite in advance of his speed; while exactly the reverse is true\\nof the born trotter\u00e2\u0080\u0094 he is never in condition to do the work\\nrequired of him. That is, by the average trainer. Hence, as a\\nnatural consequence, he must sooner or later, begin to go back;", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "116 Developing the Trotter.\\nand keep going back till surpassed by his erst while much less\\nfavored brother. And yet such should not be the case. The\\nnatural trotter should and would, if properly treated, always\\nout trot the artificial trotter.\\nThe phenominally fast colt must be trained upon physiol-\\nogical principles, and with mathematical precision; and his\\nspeed and energy economized with as much assiduity as your\\nbank account.\\nNo off hand haphazard training is to be tolerated. Every\\nrod the colt is driven must be for a distinct purpose, and counted\\nin his work.\\nAlways carry your timer with you and note accurately, and\\nrecord every brush the colt makes. And when, at any time,\\nhe shows a brush considerably faster than ever before, which he\\ns sure to do when treated in this way, why, then don t try to\\nbeat it the next time you come to the track, but take him back\\nfor a few days and bring up his condition to this advanced\\npoint.\\nAlways work the colt or horse upon the track, when work-\\ning him for speed. Never upon the road. All this talk\\nabout the horse s becoming track-sick is nonsense\u00e2\u0080\u0094 if the\\nhorse is properly trained. The track is far more safe and suit-\\nable to work the trotter or pacer for speed; I have known many\\nhorses injured, and some ruined by working\u00e2\u0080\u0094 jogging\u00e2\u0080\u0094 them on\\nthe road. If you want to city break the horse, that should be\\nquite a different thing, and can be best done as a separate accom-\\nplishment, when the time comes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 at sometime at least, when he\\nhas no track duties to perform.\\nHaving determined how much work you think the colt\\nshould have, it will be a very safe proposition to give him only\\nabout half the amount for the first sixty days\u00e2\u0080\u0094 more especially\\nif he has great natural speed.", "height": "4269", "width": "2930", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "Developing the Trotter.\\n117\\nBut it is so easy and so natural to want to drive the speedy\\nambitious colt a little further and a little faster that it is so hard\\nfor some to refrain!\\nThe colt in mind, in the work so far laid out in this con-\\nnection, has been the two-year-old. However, the same kind of\\nwork, in general, is to be given to all undeveloped horses worked\\nfor speed, of whatever age. But the amount of w r ork must be\\ndetermined by the requirements of each.\\nAll the while the colt is to be properly fed, cared for, booted\\nbalanced and shod; each of whicfa considerations requires rare\\nskill and mature judgment; and the lack or neglect of either\\nmay prove disastrous", "height": "4259", "width": "2993", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "118\\nWafsie L,\\nThis cut was made from a photograph of WapsieL.,by\\nWapsie, son of Green s Bashaw. He was a dun stallion, five\\nyears old at the time 1890\u00e2\u0080\u0094 weighing 1250. He was a pacer\\nwith much speed, but not quite breeding enough to go the route\\nI educated him to drive without the bridle or lines; and gave\\nWAPSIE L.\\nexhibitions with him at a number of places in Nebraska, as will\\nbe remembered by many.\\nPerhaps there is no practical utility in so educating the\\nhorse, further than indicating the possibilities regarding his ed-\\nucation. If a young stallion can be so educated as to be per-\\nfectly reliable to be driven with neither bridle or lines, what\\nmay be said relative to the shameful inadequacy of the educa-\\ntion usually accorded the horse?", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "BREAKING THE HORSE TO RIDE.\\nEVEfiY horse should be broken to ride, and by means of\\nthe grape-vine hitch, and the inductive system, it be-\\ncomes a very simple matter attended with little or no\\ndanger of accident. Give the horse the usual work out in the\\ngrape-vine hitch. Get on and off his back from both sides, re-\\npeatedly Bide him from his ears to his tail. Put on the saddle\\nand take off, repeatedly. Bridle him; get on, take the reins and\\nmake believe riding him.\\nGive him this kind of work several times a day for several\\ndays, when he will be ready for his first lesson in real riding.\\nNow put on the saddle and bridle. Saddle up a good gentle\\nhorse broken to ride, with a good strong saddle with horn.\\nBreaking Horse to Saddle.\\nGet on to the broken horse and take a turn or two of the\\nlead rope round the horn of your saddle, bringing the horse up\\nquite closely. Now let your assistant mount the green horse,\\nand quietly start along.\\nThe preparatory work given the horse in the grape-vine\\nhitch has familiarized him with saddle and the man on his back.\\nHis education is to be continued by teaching him to move along\\nand the use of the reins. By having a short hold on his lead\\nrope he cannot run forwards or backwards; he cannot pitch or\\nfall backwards. About all he can do is to go along. Indeed\\nthat is about all he will attempt to do.\\nAfter working him for a time with a short hold, let out a\\nlittle more slack; increasing it from time to time, eventually\\nallowing quite a length of rope, accordingly as he can be trusted.", "height": "4259", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "120 Breaking the Horse to Ride,\\nThis is the inductive system of breaking the horse to saddle,\\nby means of which any horse can be safely and completely\\nbroken without his ever learning to pitch or buck.\\nIt is the consummation of brutal foolishness to put a double\\ncinch saddle on a green horse, then mount him and punish him\\nwith spur and whip as is the manner of the ^broncho buster.\\nDuring this preparatory riding, carry a light riding whip to\\ntouch up the horse. The proper use of the whip is quite an\\nessential part of the horse s education.\\nAfter a few lessons in leading, the horse will learn to follow\\nwithout leading; and later to go independently.", "height": "4264", "width": "2976", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "TREATMENT OF THE FOAL.\\nSINCE the value of the horse is so largely determined by his\\ndocility, intelligence and education, no pains and efforts\\nshould be spared to perfect these valuable qualities. And\\nto one not familiar with the real conditions prevailing upon the\\nfarm where the horse is bred and raised, relative to his treat-\\nment, it may appear presumptuous to assume to instruct the\\nfarmer, who is an experienced and successful breeder of horses,\\nand whose father and fore-fathers, from time immemorial, have\\nlikewise persued the same avocation, in the details of his busi.\\nness. But by their fruits ye shall know them. And by the\\nsame token, it is painfully evident that most of them have come\\nfar short of their possibilities\\nThe old adage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Whatever is worth doing, is worth doing\\nwell, is strikingly true regarding the horse. If he is worth\\nraising at all, he is worth raising rightly.\\nIn order to give the foal the right kind of a start in his edu-\\ncation, give him the right kind of parentage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 don t breed from\\nvicious stock\u00e2\u0080\u0094 sire or dam. For the disposition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 especially a\\nbad one is most certainly transmitted. Don t breed from stock\\naffected with any hereditary unsoundness, or malformations; it\\ncosts just as much to raise an inferior horse as a good one; and\\nhe is not worth half as much on the market, and is much harder\\nto sell at that\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a buyer will always hunt a good horse, while a\\npoor horse has to hunt a buyer, and then does not always find\\nhim.\\nSell your inferior stock and keep only the best for breeding.\\nThen you will have stock that will pay for raising, and will be\\na source of satisfaction.", "height": "4265", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "122 Treatment of the Foal.\\nThis has reference to his education, only. When the foal is\\nbut a few days old, his education should be commenced. The\\ndam is supposed to be gentle and tractable. Approach the foal\\nquietly, piece one hand under its neck and the other back of its\\nhind quarters. In this way it can be restrained from going for-\\nward, backward, or breaking away. It may struggle for a short\\ntime in its efforts to escape, but will soon become reconciled\\nand quieted. When if has become passive to this treatment,\\nafter a fewlessons, it may be further instructed by causing it to\\nmove forward\u00e2\u0080\u0094 when starting it say: Get up, or Go on.\\nAfter moving a few steps forward, say: Whoa, and cause it\\nto stop promptly. This informal instruction is the foundation\\nof the education of the future horse; and it cannot be com-\\nmenced too early.\\nHaltering: the Colt.\\nWhen the colt is a few days old, it should be handled with\\nthe halter, and thoroughly broken to lead. Put on its head a\\nnicely fitting, light halter with a long lead rein provided with a\\nsnap. Pass the rein back, on the left side of the colt s neck\\nacross over the withers to the right side, around the quarters\\nwhere the breeching comes, then forward on the left side, for-\\nward across the withers to the right side of the neck, and down\\nthrough the chin strap of the halter. Now grasp the two parts\\nof the lead rein under the neck with the right hand, and the\\nchin strap of the halter with the left hand. The colt is now to\\nbe worked in the same manner as described above\u00e2\u0080\u0094 moving it\\nforward at first by drawing upon the rein about the quarters,\\nwith the right hand, while restraining and guiding it with the\\nleft. Gradually the pressure may be changed from the right\\nhand to the left, as the colt learns to yield to the change.\\nIt will much facilitate teaching the colt to lead to have an", "height": "4269", "width": "3009", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "Treatment of the Foat. 123\\nassistant lead the dam about in various directions, while you\\ndirect the movements of the colt. In a few lessons of this kind\\nthe colt will have been taught to lead.\\nThe head-stall may be left on the colt, and, at intervals, it\\nshould be given further practice in the art of leading.\\nTeaching- the Weanling to Lead.\\nIn no case should the colt be suffered to go unbroken to\\nlead longer than till weaning time. Suppose this to be the case,\\nand the colt is now four or five months old. Of course, as\\nstated elsewhere, the colt should have been thoroughly handled\\nand tamed, beginning when but a few days old. If this has\\nbeen done, there will be no trouble in putting the halter on it\\nand very little in teaching it to lead.\\nIf the colt has not been handled and is consequently wild,\\nas colts usually are, get it into close quarter\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a box-stall\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and\\nhalter it, putting on it a good strong nicely fitting leather halter\\nwith lead strap attached. Now take a half-inch rope fifteen or\\ntwenty feet long, at one end of which splice in a two-inch ring\\nor tie a loop through which the rope will pass easily. Pass this\\nrope round the colt s body just in front of the hips, passing the\\nfree end of the rope through the ring at the other end, bringing\\nthe ring immediately under the body. Now pass the rope for-\\nward between the front legs, and up through the lead ring of\\nthe halter. Take a position to the left and a little in advance\\nof the colt s head; say\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Come here! at the same time giving a\\nsharp strong pull on the rope. The colt will probably hump\\nhis back, switch histail, and may be kick a little. But no matter,\\nhe will also move forward in your direction. Talk to him\\nkindly, caress him, and repeat the operation several times\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to\\nthe right and to the left, when in a short time the colt will fol-\\nlow you in any direction. Gradually change the pull from the", "height": "4269", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "124 Treatment of the Foal.\\nbody rope to the lead; then on both together; and finally upon\\nthe lead strap. It is well to have your assistant drive the colt\\nalong at first, and until it gets the idea of leading. It is entirely\\nwrong to pull directly forward upon the lead strap at first, as\\nthis is sure to excite resistance by the colt. And in this instanc\\nas in every other in the education of the horse resistance on the\\npart of the horse is to be studiously avoided, except when you\\nhave him completely under control, as when secured in the\\ngrape-vine hitch, the primary purpose of which is to convince\\nthe horse that resistance is fruitless.\\nTo teach the colt to stand tied, take him into the stall, tie\\nhim quite short with the body rope, and more loosely with the\\nhalter strap, so that if he is disposed to pull back, the strain will\\ncome upon the body rope and not upon the halter strap. It is\\nbest to tie another horse in an [adjacent stall for company for\\nthe colt. To further reconcile the colt give him a small quan-\\ntity of grain and hay to work at. If he is inclined to pull back,\\nno matter if he tries the body rope a time or two, it will only\\nconvince him of the uselessness of his efforts. But it is very\\nimportant that he does not pull on the haltei till he is thorough-\\nly broken, and then he never will. Let the colt or green horse\\npull violently a few times upon the halter and lunge forward\\ninto the manger, and the chances are that you have developed a\\nhalter puller.\\nEven though the colt or horse may be thoroughly broken to\\nlead, when first tied up in the stall, it is well to tie a rope across\\nthe stall behind him to prevent his backing out of the stall, or\\npulling back.\\nNot by force nor yet by punishment, is the horse to be\\neducated, but by strategy.\\nAnother method of teaching the colt to lead, is to take a\\nrope of sufficient length, double it in the middle, drop it over", "height": "4269", "width": "2938", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "Treat x m e?it of the Foal.\\n125\\nthe colt s rump, allowing it to fall down about where the breech-\\ning comes, cross the rope over the colt s back, and bring an end\\nof the rope down on each side of his neck, and pass both ends\\nthrough the lead ring, or the chin strap of the halter, and buckle\\na surcingle snugly around the colt to hold the rope in place;\\nand use this rope in the same manner as directed for the body\\nrope. However, the first method is preferable.\\nOne of the very earliest lessons imparted to the colt should\\nbe that of having his feet and legs handled. For two reasons\\nshould this be done: When the colt is young and small, it is\\nmuch more easily handled, and offers little resistance. And in\\norder to insure sound feet and legs, the colt and the horse must\\nhave his feet rasped and dressed at regular intervals.\\nBesides, for the horse to be educated, he mast have every\\nsquare inch of his surface, and every member of his body\u00e2\u0080\u0094 legs\\nfeet, tail, ears, nose, mouth, brought under complete subjection", "height": "4249", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS.\\nThe Double Foot Rope.\\nr pHE single foot rope, and some of its uses has been previous-\\nX ly mentioned. And while the W. or double foot rope is\\nthe principal means of control, and education of most\\nmodern horse breakers, the inductive system of educating the\\nhorse finds but little necessity for its use. However, the\\neclectic province of this system permits the use of any and\\nevery proper means to accomplish the desired end\\nArrangement of the Double Foot Rope.\\nThe simplest arrangement for the double foot rope consists\\nin a strong surcingle on which are placed three common two,\\nor two and a half inch rings; two ankle straps with a ring on\\neach; and a rope of convenient size, long enough for the pur-\\npose.\\nTie one end of the rope in the right hand ring on the sur-\\ncingle pass the other end down through the ring of the ankle\\nstrap, back up through the middle ring on the surcingle, down\\nthrough the ring on the left ankle strap, and back up through\\nthe left hand ring on the surcingle, and the appliance is com-\\nplete. There are other ways of constructing the double foot\\nrope, but this arrangement is simple and inexpensive. If you\\nhave not the surcingle, any strap or rope may be used for the\\npurpose; or the back pad of a harness can be used, and the rings\\nslipped upon the belly-band.\\nWhile it is very seldom necessary to use the double foot\\nrope except for the purpose of laying the horse down, doubtless", "height": "4269", "width": "2936", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "Miscella ncou s Topics 127\\nthere may be cases where it can be used to advantage. P ut\\ncare should be exercised to avoid injuring the horse s knees\\nLaying the Horse Down.\\nEvery horse should be taught to lie down as an accomplish-\\nment. But whether or not his education in this respect is car-\\nried to that extent, he should be laid down a number of times,\\nuntil he can be readily restrained when down.\\nIn certain accidents, the horse is liable to be thrown down,\\nwhen it may be advantageous to keep him down while extricat-\\ning him.\\nTake the horse out to a piece of yielding ground where he\\nwill not hurt his knees; put on the double foot strap, bring him\\nto his knees, and while in that position, bring his head round\\nagainst his right shoulder, when he can be readily brought over\\non his left side, and held in that position.\\nAfter laying him down a few times in this manner, at each\\nsucceeding effort he will offer less resistance; and eventually\\ncan be caused to lie down by taking up one front foot, or by\\ntapping him at the back of the knees.\\nTeaching the Horse to Pull.\\nWhat should constitute a very essential department in the\\neducation of all classes of horses excepting the light harness\\nhorse, is quite generally overlooked\u00e2\u0080\u0094 systematic education in\\ndrawing a load; or, more particularly, in starting a load. This\\nvery important and valuable qualification, like many others\\npertaining to the education of the horse, are left to chance.\\nWhereas it should be a matter of direct and systematic instruc-\\ntion.\\nThe prior essential requisite to direct instruction in the art\\nof drawing\u00e2\u0080\u0094 starting\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a load, the hoise must have been taught", "height": "4265", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "128 Miscellaneous Topics,\\nto stop and stand quietly, and to start off steadily\u00e2\u0080\u0094 no jumping\\nnor jerking.\\nAn ordinary wagon with a brake is, perhaps, the most con-\\nvenient and available vehicle to use in teaching the horse to\\npull.\\nIf the horse is to be worked double,his mate must be a good\\nsteady prompt horse. Having such a wagon and horse, first be\\nsure that the colt s harness\u00e2\u0080\u0094 especially the collar and hames\\nfit him nicely; hitch up the team, and walk them for ten or fif-\\nteen minutes, and you are ready to begin the colt s first lesson\\nin the art of drawing. Stop the horses and let them stand a few\\nminutes, the lines lying loosely. Now draw up the lines, shak-\\ning the bits lightly, say: Get ready boys. Pull up the lines\\nso as bring the horses up squarely, then say: -Go on boys.\\nGo forward fifteen or twenty rods, and stop. Let the team\\nstand for a few minutes and repeat. After a number of starts\\nhave been made, and everything goes all right, apply the break\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094very lightly at first\u00e2\u0080\u0094 gradually increasing the pressure, at each\\nsucceeding start. If the horse is quite green, or becomes restive\\nabout stopping and standing, just drive round a small circle,\\nback to the original starting point each time. After working\\nthe team a few times round in one direction, work them in the\\nother\u00e2\u0080\u0094 alternating each way.\\nThis work can be carried to any extent within the powers\\nof the horses, by gradually adding to the weight by loading the\\nwagon and setting the break; but for all ordinary purposes it is\\nnot necessary to carry the work to the extreme limit. Yet it\\nshould be continued and repeated until the horse has fully\\nmastered the problem of starting a dead weight, which can only\\nbe accomplished by proper education and practice.\\nThe horse may be taught to pull single, by the same system\\nas prescribed for the double puller. He must be first thorough-", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "Miscellaneous Topics. 121)\\nly educated to stop and stand, and to start off steadily. Fit the\\nharness nicely, so nothing will hurt or annoy him; hitch him to\\na single wagon with a biake, and subject him to the same\\ncourse of instruction as laid out for the double worker.\\nFitting the Collar.\\nIn either of these cases\u00e2\u0080\u0094 single or double -constant care\\nmust be given to the fitting of the harness, particularly the col-\\nlar, to guard against bruising or otherwise hurting the horse s\\nshoulders. And, by the way, let me call the attention of the\\nfarmer and all others having the care of horses to the import-\\nance of having the collar fit the horse; and the names to fit the\\ncollar. The ordinarily constructed collar, if the right size, will\\nwork all right on the horse having neck and shoulders of the\\nordinary type. But there are many horses having necks and\\nshoulders varying much from the typical form The shoulder\\ninstead of presenting an abrubt projection from the neck has\\na very sloping wedge-shaped structure. Then, again will be\\nfound horses whose shoulders are fairly well formed at the\\npoint, but the neck at the top of the shoulders is so thick that\\nno common collar will fit them comfortably. All such hordes\\nshould have collars made and fitted to them, by an expert collar\\nmaker; for it is impossible to work them in common collars\\nwithout causing sore necks or shoulders -very of f en fistulous\\ndisorders.\\nFitting* the Harness.\\nHaving fitted the properly constructed collar to the horse,\\nit is necessary to properly adjust the harness\u00e2\u0080\u0094 particularly the\\nnames. Bring the hames up closely to the collar from top to\\nbottom, and adjust the draft properly\u00e2\u0080\u0094 neither too high nor too\\nlow.\\nVery frequently when a green fleshy horse is put to work his", "height": "4269", "width": "2885", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "130 Miscellaneous Topics,\\ncollar tits him, but he gradually loses flesh, his neck and shoul-\\nders shrink, and his collar becomes several sizes too large. All\\nsuch horses should have daily attention to keep the collar and\\nhames properly fitted.\\nThe Kicker in Harness.\\nThe horse s habit of kicking in harness, like all his other\\nchronic vices, is usually the result of mismanagement. Though\\nsome horses are very much more predisposed to kick than\\nothers. And this fact but emphasizes the necessity for the\\ngreater tact in the management of such, at the outset. As a\\npreventative, there is nothing equal to thorough and repeated\\nwork in the grape vine hitch, by which means the horse learns\\nthe futility of his efforts to kick, as well as the harmlessness of\\nbis imaginary foes.\\nWhen he has given up his efforts to kick, and the time has\\ncome to hitch him to the cart, put on him a Sisson kick-strap if\\nyou have one; if not, take a three-eighths or half inch rope,\\nlong enough for the purpose, double it in the middle, run the\\ntwo ends up through the bit rings, bringing the middle of the\\nrope across the horse s nose. Now cross the ropes and pass the\\ntwo ends through the over-check loops on the crown piece of the\\nbridle, back through the territs, through a ring to be fastened\\nfirmly to the crouper strap a few inches above the tail, then down\\nand tie to the shafts.\\nWhere the ropes cross above the nose, they should be se-\\ncurely tied: or perhaps it is better to bring them side, and tie\\nthem without crossing, since this arrangement will cause the\\nropes to fit a little better Should the horse try to kick, at each\\neffort he will jerk his head up, and, following his unsuccessful\\neffort in the grape-vine hitch, it is quite sure to reform him.", "height": "4269", "width": "2962", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "Miscellaneous Topics, 131\\nWorking: the Balky Horse.\\nThe horae that balks in double harness can usually be 111-\\nuced to go by the use of the rope arranged as for the halter-\\npuller.\\nPut on the horse the rope arranged as for the halter-puller\\nand hitch him up with a steady, true horse. Tie the rope to the\\nhame ring of the true horse, quite short, so that when the true\\nhorse moves forward it will tighten the rope causing the balker\\nto move up. If the balker is a very bad case, it may be well to\\nfirst start him by hitching another horse to the rope, and start\\nhim a few times in that way. And the single balker may be\\nstarted in the same way.\\nPertinent Observations.\\nWhoever assumes the responsibility of soliciting the time\\nand money of another should have some thing of approximate\\nequal value to offer, otherwise the exchange, if consummated,\\nwill not be a fair deal.\\nThere have arisen from time to time, many professional\\nteachers of horsemanship, each extolling the merits of his own\\nparticular device for controlling and educating the horse. But\\nnot one has there ever been who has essayed to advance the ed-\\nucation of the horse, systematically, beyond the rudimental\\nstage in vogue ever since primitive man first subjugated the\\nwild horse of the plains.\\nThe exhibition and the circus horse have received special\\neducation in their particular lines; but scarcely any advance-\\nment has been made in the economic\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the common, everyday\\npractical\u00e2\u0080\u0094 education of the horse, during the past hundred\\nyears. A hundred years ago it was was customary to educate the\\nhorse up to the point that upon the occurence of an accident\\nhe was expected to kick or run away; and it is still the practice*", "height": "4257", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "132 Miscellaneous Topics.\\nIt seems never to have occurred to any one that it is both\\npossible and practicable to carry the education of the horse be-\\nyond this point so far as to render runaways virtually imposs-\\nible. In this work, is the first time the feasibility of such a\\nhypothesis has ever been published in any book on horseman-\\nship. And no where else in print except in a number of art cles\\nprepared by the writer, at various times and published in sev-\\neral horse papers.\\nWith scarcely an exception, every professional horseman,\\nhas relied solely upon his skill in making an interesting show,\\nor exhibition, in the operation of handling vicious horses of\\nvarious kinds. Nor has there ever been a lack of material, due\\nwholly, to no natural viciousness of the horse, but entirely to\\nlack of skill in those responsible for their vicious treatment of\\nthe horse. And when the new departure, the inductive sys-\\ntem, has superceded the present no system in the education\\nof the horse, such professionals will find their occupation gone\\nfor lack of subjects on which to demonstrate their skill.\\nCampaign of Education.\\nIt is designed to make this a campaign of education for\\nboth horses and drivers -especially drivers. For when the\\ndrivers are probably educated the horses will give no further\\ntrouble. Drivers will then treat the horse with deserving\\nhumane consideration; and discontinue all harshness and abuse.\\nBarbarous Appliances.\\nAll the variously constructed rope bridles, are barbarous\\nappliances; and their excessive use is conclusive evidences of\\nthe thoughtless, unskillful trainer.\\nThese implements have various names, as the Spanish\\nbridle, the war bridle\u00e2\u0080\u0094 first and second forms: the eureka bridle;\\nthe Bonaparte bridle; the double Bonaparte bridle\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all com-\\nposed of harsh ropes which lacerate the horses mouth. The\\nvirtues of these vicious appliances have been highly extolled by\\ntheir inventors, and made much of by their pupils. But they\\nshould all be relegated to the past, with the thumb screw, and\\nHke implements of torture.", "height": "4269", "width": "2933", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "TESTIMONIALS AND REFERENCES.\\nREGARDING the testimonials and references here sub-\\nmitted, I beg to say they are all from practical horsemen\\nwho are fully familiar with the statements made, as I\\nhave been at the Union Stock Yards horse market constantly for\\nthe past two years during which time I have handled several\\nhundred horses\u00e2\u0080\u0094 many of them as vicious specimens as come\\nto this market.\\nWhen I arrived here, January, 1898, the only person at the\\nyards with whom I was acquainted was Mr. Leroy Marsh, of the\\ncommission firm of Marsh and Kenyon. On opening up for\\nbusiness I had printed the following card:\\nJ W M K R C E R G ALESBURG, ILL\\nHas located at\\nUNION STOCK YARDS HORSE MARKET,\\nFor the Purpose of Handling\\nGREEN, SPOILED AND TRICKY HORSES\\nOwners and Dealers having such Stock are requested to give\\nHim a trial. Satisfaction guaranteed.\\nHEADQUARTERS:\\nREFERENCES:\\nMarsh Kenyon, Chicago Horse\\nReview, Chicago Horseman. C.\\nw. Williams. Also any horseman Marsh Kenyon s Barn No. 7.\\nor business man in Galesburg.\\nIn answer to communications sent to The Horseman and\\nThe Horse Review requesting permission to use those publi-", "height": "4261", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "134 Testimonials and Reference.\\ncations as references on the above business card I received the\\nfollowing replies respectively:\\nCniCAGO, Jan. 24, 1898.\\nJ W. Merger,\\nDear Sir:\\nYours received. It is an unusual thing for\\nus to do, but we accord you the privilege of referring to us. We\\ntrust that this will be of service to you, and wishing you all suc-\\ncess, we are, Very truly yours,\\nTHE HORSEMAN,\\nD. J. Campatj, Pres.\\nChicago, Jan. 14, 1898.\\nJ. W. Mercer, Esq.,\\nRoss Hotel, Root Halsted Sts.,\\nCity,\\nDear Sir:\\nWe are in receipt of yours of the 13th stating\\nthat you have added the review to your list of references, and\\nif it will prove of any service to you, you are entirely welcome\\nto it, and 6hould the opportunity present itself whereby we can\\npersonally recommend you to anyone with whom, you are about\\nto come in business contact, we shall cartainly take pleasure in\\nembracing the opportunity.\\nWishing you the fullest measure of succes, we remain\\nVery truly yours,\\nTHE HORSE REVIEW CO-\\nAt present I am pleased to say, that of the hundreds of\\ngentlemen doing business regularly, in connection with the\\nmarket, there are very few with whom I am not now acquainted.\\nAnd in addition to the names herein contained who have per-\\nsonally signed their names for reference, I am presumptuous\\nenough to assume that all the others with whom I have had\\nbusiness acquaintanc are willing that I may use their names for\\nreference; and I thank them in advance. And I also extend\\nthanks to all connected with the U. S. Yards horse market for\\nther uniform courtesy toward me during my two year s sojourn\\nin their midst.", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "Testimonials and References. 135\\nRemarks:\\nIn regard to the system of developing speed in the trotter\\nand pacer, as enunciated in that department of this work, 1 will\\nsay that those who have the Christmas Review for 1891, by\\nreference to that issue will find that I won the $50 cash prize\\nfor the best article upon Colt Development offered by that\\npaper in competition with a large number of able writers.\\nThe following year I acted as editor of the ask and an-\\nswer column of the speed department of the Review, as will\\nbe remembered by many.\\nI was paid a considerable sum by The Horseman for an\\narticle upon The Development of the Trotter, for the Christ-\\nmas issue of 1892. This article was published also in the Am-\\nerican Trotter soon after. It was again published in The\\nReview of Jan. 1, 1895, under the title of Some Points on De-\\nvelopment, and signed W. G. B. (Stolen.)\\nBesides, I have written numerous articles on turf topics for\\nThe Review, The Horseman, The American Trotter,\\nThe Trotter and racer, and other papers.\\nThese statements are made in this connection that those\\nwho are not familiar with the facts may know that I have a re-\\nspectable standing as a turf writer, and as authority on the de-\\nvelopment of speed.\\nIn regard to my abilities as a practical trainer, I shall ap-\\npend but one recommendation--that of Mr. C. W. Williams. By\\nreason of the fact that I trained over his track at Independence,\\nIowa, a part of the seasons of 1891, 92 and 93; and over his track\\nat Galesburg. 111., he had ample opportunity to judge of my\\nmethods and their results. And this is what he says:\\nGalesburg, III Dec. 13, 1899.\\nto whom it may concern:\\nI have seen more or less of J. W.\\nMercer s system of training in the past seven or eight years, and\\nthe results long: ago convinced me that Mr. Mercer was one of\\nthe most careful, systematic, and skillful trainers I have ever\\nmet. C. W. WILLIAMS.", "height": "4263", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "136 Teetimonials and References.\\nTESTIMONIALS OF THE COMMISSION FIRMS, SELL-\\nING HORSES AT THE UNION STOCK YARDS\\nHORSE MARKET, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.\\nTO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:\\nAmong the horses received by us for sale are found those\\nof almost every degree of viciousness from the ordinary green\\nunbroken colt to the dangerous kicker and runaway horse.\\nIn very many cases we have been obliged to sell such at\\nthe halter, often at much loss to the shipper.\\nAbout two years ago, Mr. J. W. Mercer located near the\\nyards for the purpose of handling and educating such horses.\\nAnd we are pleased to say that Mr. Mercer has had phenomenal\\nsuccess in his treatment of all classes of green and vicious horses,\\nincluding the green unbroken colt, the balker, the halter puller,\\nthe kicker, the striker, the biter, the horse hard to bridle, the\\nhorse foolish about his head, the horse wild and mean in the\\nstall.\\nWe are not familiar with Mr. Mercer s methods of treat-\\nment, but can certify to the successful results; for we know of\\nhis having handled several hundred horses since coming here\\nwith uniform success, which is certainly the best of evidence.\\nDENNIS SWEET,\\nMARSH KENYON,\\nJ. S COOPER, Established in. 1862,\\nE. J. BERRY Co,\\nLOCKE AVERILL,\\nBLAIR COMMISSION CO.,\\nELLSWORTH McNAIR,\\nM. NEWGASS SON,\\nJACOB KOEHLER,\\nE. H. SCHLOEMAN.\\nTESTIMONIALS OF THE SHIPPERS, WHO SHIP\\nHORSES TO THE UNION STOCK YARDS HORSE\\nMARKET.\\nWhen shipping horses to this market, we have had, on sev-\\neral occasions, the misfortune to find in the load one or more\\nanimals whose education had been neglected, or faulty to such\\nan extent as to greatly impair their market value. On several\\noccasions we have employed Mr. J. W. Mercer, who is located\\nnear the yards, to handle such horses for us, with very satisfact-\\nory results the horses being returned entirely cured of their\\nfaults, and uniformly improved in appearance and condition.\\nJudging from results, we cannot recommend Mr. Mercer s", "height": "4269", "width": "2880", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "Testimonials and References. 137\\nmethods too highly, and from the further fact that his system\\nof treatment is entirely free from all harshness and abuse.\\nIn as much as Mr. Mercer designs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 so we are informed\\ngoing upon the road with the intention of organizing classes or\\nschools for the instruction of breeders and owners in practical\\nhorsemanship, we feel no hesitancy in commending him and his\\nmethods to all concerned.\\nF. M. HANLAY, Bloomington, 111.\\nH. C. LOYETT, Watseka, 111.\\nJ. T. GOULD, Chicago, 111.\\nF. C. DENNIS Maquon, 111.\\nW. PHILLIP, Yermont. 111.\\nW. CLARK, Macomb, 111.\\nJOHN GOLDEN, Cooksville, 111.\\nSAMUEL SIMPSON, Chicago. Ill\\nA B. HUCKINS, Kevvanee, 111.\\nC. F. FROST, Grand Rapids, Mich.\\nBULL HOWE, Alierton, 111.\\nA. N. HEMINGWAY, Plato, Iowa.\\nG. S. IGO, Indianola. la.\\nH. N. BOOTH, Walker, la,\\nGEO. BARRETT, Peoria, 111.\\nFRANK MITCHELL. Clarence, Iowa\\nJOHN STANLEY, Watseka, 111.\\nWILSON BROS, Creston, Iowa.\\ns\\\\M BAIRD, Dunlap, 111.\\nP. A. IMMEL, Camp Point, 111.\\nW. G. SNYDER, Wvoming, 111.\\nTESTIMONIALS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE HLTCH-\\nING DEPARTMENT OF THE UNION STOCK YARDS\\nHORSE MARKET, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.\\nHaving been engaged for several years in harnessing, hitch-\\ning and driving the horses sold at action at the Union Stock\\nYards horse market, we have had ample opportunity to observe\\nthe results of Mr J. W. Mercer s methods of treating green and\\nvicious horses\u00e2\u0080\u0094 having had to do with the same horses before\\nand after treatment by him. Hence we can speak from actual\\nknowledge of the results of his treatment. And we can say\\nthat the results have been remarkable\u00e2\u0080\u0094 often wonderful, the\\nchange effected. Horses so green anl dull they could scarcely\\nbe urged out of their tracks; horses that could not be turned to\\nthe right nor to the left; in an increditably short time have been\\nreturned good mannered, well broken horses. How Mr. Mercer\\neffects such a sudden and radical change in such horses we are", "height": "4251", "width": "2946", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "138 Testimonials and References.\\nnot aware; but such information should prove invaluable to all\\nwho are concerned in breaking and handling horses.\\nR. V. C WEBB, Foreman Horse Com. Union.\\nJOHN MORAN, Driver.\\nF. E LAWRENCE, Assistant Foreman.\\nC. H. CLACK, Driver.\\nJOHN WOOLLERTON,\\nLEVI WOODS, Driver.\\nJACOB STERNS, Double Driver.\\nJOHN MURRY,\\nWILLIAM BARRICK,\\nFRANK LEONARD.\\nTESTIMONIALS OF PERSONS DOING BUSINESS IN\\nVARIOUS CAPACITIES AT THE UNION STOCK\\nYARDS HORSE MARKET, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.\\nWe are well acquainted with Mr. J. W. Mercer, and we are\\nfamiliar with his work in handling horses at these yards; and\\nwe are pleased to say that his uniform success with all classes\\nof horses has been really surprising, proving conclusively that\\nhe is a master horseman.\\nGRANT MASON, Horse Dealers.\\nJ. F. WENRICB, Salesman Ellsworth McNair.\\nE. D. WARREN, Agent.\\nF. H. WH EATON, Clerk.\\nROBERT HAYDEN, Export Buyer.\\nFRANK McKAY r Dealer.\\nM. L. NEWSBAUM, Horse Dealer.\\nDR. B A. PIERCE, V S.\\nJ AS. WILSON, Salesman Ellsworth McNair.\\nJ. M PARKER, Driver Ellsworth McNair.\\nM SHATTUCK, Dealer.\\nARTHUR O NEIL, Clerk for M. and Kenyon.\\nW. S. JOHNSON. Salesman for J. S Cooper.\\nJOSEPH HABER, Salesman M. Newgass Son.\\nHENRY SHULINE, Salesman M. Newgass Son.\\nREFERENCES:\\nCol. J. F. Coffey, who sold 46086 horses in 1899.\\nCol. L F. Pruyn and David M acfeat are the auctioneers\\nwho sell all the horses sold at auction at the Union Stock Yards\\nhorse market. These gentlemen are quite familiar with the\\nwork I have done here, inasmuch as nearly all the faulty horses", "height": "4269", "width": "2934", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "Testimonials and References 139\\nwhich I have handled here, have been first sofcl at auction, r3\\njected for cause, turned over to me for treatment and resold b\\nthem.\\nJohn Mack, horseman and General Live Stock agent at\\nthe Union Stock Yards for the C. B and Q. Everybody who\\nships stock over the Q knows Johnny Mack.\\nOeficer M. J. Gallagher, 19th Precinct Police Station,\\nChicago, horseman and perpetual special detail at the Union\\nStock Yards horse market where he is to be found every day in\\nthe year on the look-out.\\nSamuel CozzenS, dealer in high- class coach and draft\\nhorses, for many years general superintendent of the Union\\nStock Yards horse market.\\nT. S. Shotwell, extensive buyer and shipper of the firm of\\nConnolly fc Shotwell, Philadelphia.\\nJames S- Connolly, Chicago buyer, of the firm Fiss, Dore\\nand Carroll, New York City, one of the largest firms in the\\nUnited States.\\nJohn Dainty, export buyer\\nAlbert Hawks, buyer for London market.\\nM. Rothceilds, large exporter.\\nH. W. Hawley, V. S.\\nA. B. Maquire, V. S.\\nE. N. Nettleton, M. D. C.\\nThe Coming Educator.\\nIt appears to remain for Galesburg to bring forward one of\\nthe greatest, if not the greatest, of all the horse educators that\\nhave yet figured in modern history. We mean J. W. Mercer,\\nwho has for some time been attracting public attention by the\\nastounding success with which he has tamed wild horSes, con-\\nquered rebellious horses, made pets of what are called vicious\\nhorses, and reduced the most fractious colts to the kindest and\\nmost tractable drivers.\\nWhat to many may seem wonderful in Mr. Mercer is no\\nwonder at all to one who makes a careful study of the man.\\nThere never lived a more industrious, a more untiring student\\nof nature. He saw all that Rarey had done, all that Gleason\\nhad done, all that the great Bartholomew had done. He said to\\nhimself, this is excellent so far as it goes, but there is yet infi-\\nnitely more to be accomplished than has ever been attempted.\\nPassing beyond the books he gave himself to a thorough invest-\\nigation of the peculiar nature and disposition of the horse.", "height": "4258", "width": "3029", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "140 Testimonials and References.\\nDepending thus upon the only true source of light, it was not\\nlong till that many valuable truths has escaped the vision of his\\npredecessors, and that, therefore, they had, in their methods,\\ncommitted several egregious blunders, a few of which verged\\nclosely onto downright cruelty. In the correction of these blun-\\nders he marked out a new path for himself, and invented a sys-\\ntem of tactics and a set of appliances which are not only origi-\\nnal with him, but which are absolutely the very rir-t that have\\never been drawn from truly scientific principles. They are dis-\\ntinctly unique in the fact that they thoroughly accord with the\\nmental character of the animal to whose culture they are to be\\napplied, and are, therefore, in complete harmony with the\\nhighest behests of humanity. Herein lies the whole secret of\\nthe marvelous success of the Galesburg educator. In the curri-\\nculum which he has framed there is no abuse, no unkindness\\nnone of that rude force work which characterized the Karey\\ntrip-strap and the Gleason throwing hopples. The horse, how-\\never intractable, is never put off his feet, never laid prostrate\\nupon his side. If he is disposed to rear or kick, he is so placed\\nthat it is impossible for him to do either of those things, but\\nthis is done by means of an apparatus so ingeniously contrived\\nthat he stands continuously in an easy, perfectly natural posi-\\ntion till he is ready to surrender.\\nNothing that will at any point begin to compare with this\\nmost admirable and humane invention was ever thought of till\\nMr. Mercer brought it forth; and in it we see the wonderful\\npower of his mind and the equally wonderful depth of his good-\\nness. It is indeed a beautiful exhibition of that profoundly\\nspiritual worship of God, which, from every great heart, comes\\nin response to the gifts of God, among the very best of which is\\nthat noble beast which Job was the first to immortalize in He-\\nbrew poetry, and which has been the servant and the companion\\nof man from the dawn of civilization to the present auspicious\\nmoment.\\nFrom the time the uneducated horse comes to Mr. Mercer\\ntill it leaves his hands it never knows the whip, never hears an\\nunkind word, never feels the smart of anger, never has its fears\\naroused by the expectation of punishment. And if, when it", "height": "4269", "width": "2821", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "Testimonials and References, 141\\nparts from him, it could be continually treated as it was treated\\nby him, it could be handled and driven anywhere with the most\\nperfect safety. That this should not be the case is no fault of\\nhis, but the fault of people who in things humane seem to know\\nmuch less than a well educated horse.\\nMr. Mercer is a man of high culture, of versatile powers,\\nand of rare fertility of mind. On various subjects he has writ-\\nten many of the most instructive essays that have lately appeared\\nin print. His contributions. to the horse papers have been among\\nthe best that have ever graced the columns of that class of\\npublications.\\nIn the present (1899) Christmas Review he contributed an\\narticle entitled The Genesis of the Runaway Horse, which\\nshowed a depth of conception and an originality of thought\\nnever surpassed by any writer of any nationality.\\nAnd while he is a man of great talents he is a man of a\\ngreat soul. This is shown by his present leading purpose\\nEarnestly desiring that the world shall have to the largest pos-\\nsible extent the benefits of his discoveries and inventions, he in-\\ntends, at his earliest opportunity, to commence a series of tours\\nin which he proposes to go from point to point and to form and\\ninstruct classes of young men in the knowledge of the horse and\\nthe use of his methods of taming and educating horses. For\\nthe better performance of this work he contemplates the pro-\\nduction of a work to be used as a text book in all the schools\\nwhich he may organize throughout the country.\\nIt is to be hoped that nothing may arise to prevent him\\nfrom fully and successfully carrying out this noble design; for\\nthere is no field from which comes a louder call for missionaries\\nthan that in which the horse has so long been literally broken.\\n-\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2The Breeder and Farmer.", "height": "4202", "width": "2922", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "fcxX)\\ntzD\\nCO\\nCO CO\\no\\n03\\nU\\no\\nc/T\\no\\n-4\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\na c\\na o\\nQ\\nc\\n3\\nQ\\nC\\neafl\\nCO\\nCO\\nC3X)\\nCO\\n5\\nCD ca CO\\no\\no", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "ASK YOUR DEALER FOR\\nMURRAY CO/S\\nHorse Blankets\\nDUSTERS, FLY COVERS,\\nWATERPROOF\\nHORSE AND WAGON COVERS.\\nBEST MADE.\\nTRADE\\nMARK\\nON ALL\\nOUR GOODS.\\nTAKE NO OTHER.\\nIf your Dealer does not Keep Them Write Us.\\nMURRAY 6c GO.,\\n333 South Clinton Street CHICAGO", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "*xcccc\\nA STALLION CARD,\\nA STALLION POSTER,\\nA STOCK CATALOGUE,\\nA PEDIGREE TRACED,\\nA HORSE CUT,\\nA HORSE BOOK,\\nTABULATING BLANKS,\\nLETTERHEADS, ENVELOPES,\\n..STATIONERY OF ANY KIND.\\nFor Samples and Prices Address;\\nMagnus Flaws Co.\\nCOMPILERS, PRINTERS, PUBLISHERS\\nAND ENGRAVERS FOR HORSEMEN,\\n83-85 Fifth Avenue,\\nH3^ vb CHICAGO", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4185", "width": "2698", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4185", "width": "2698", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "A\\nK V\\nA v\\n_ 6*\\n.A\\nT.\u00c2\u00ab* ,0", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": ".0*5 ~$V\\n0,0 .0 *.,1*\\n4 y c\\nof\\nA\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nHECKMAN\\nBINDERY INC.\\nJH JAN 85\\nWptlr N. MANCHESTER,\\nN ^=s^ INDIANA 46962\\nA^", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4221", "width": "2868", "jp2-path": "eclectichorsetam00merc_0160.jp2"}}