{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2758", "width": "1912", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "V ^.^^V^\\n-s^ -Iv\\n;-.T.--/ X X -i^-V V-\\n.i^m \\\\y :m^.\\n.i^m \\\\y :m^.\\nb J.* o ^b i* o c", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "o^\\n1^ V\\ns;- y\\\\ -xm-\\n.0\\n^m\u00c2\u00a7^^\\n,H t\\no\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^o\\n--^ifi^/ -^^\u00c2\u00abf^-.\\nfC^ V A^ Ca\\n-^AO^\\ny^^\\n-1 vT*-,\\n0^\\no V\\nX-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J\\n^x.\\no\\nA\\n.0^\\n-^o", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "-lii\\nf\\ns-rf?\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a24-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a04-\\n.C^", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON AT VALLEY FORUK", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "BOOK I\\nSPLENDID DEEDS\\nOF\\nAMERICAN HEROES ON SEA AND LAND\\nEMBRACING\\nA COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY OF THE GLORIOUS NAVAL AND\\nMILITARY EVENTS FROM WASHINGTON TO DEWEY\\nBY\\nBISHOP SAMUEL FALLOWS, D. D., LL. D.\\nAUTHOR OF SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS, PROGRESSIVE DICTIONARY, LIFE OF SAMUEL\\nADAMS, EDITOR AMERICAN CHARACTER SKETCHES, ETC., ETC.\\nASSISTED BY\\nALICE KATHARINE FALLOWS, A. B., PROFESSOR ELLERY C. HUNTINGTON, A. M., AND\\nELIZABETH A. REED, A. M., L. H. D.\\nAUTHOR OF HINDU LITERATURE; PERSIAN LITERATURE, ETC.\\nSuperbly Illustrated with Matiy Full Page Colored Plates and Half-tones\\nMade Especially for This Book\\nBOOK II\\nLIVING ISSUES\\nWILLIAM Mckinley\\nW. J. BRYAN\\narchbishop IRELAND\\nw. bourke cockran\\nGEORGE DEWEY\\nBY\\nSAMUEL FALLOWS, LL.D.\\nSTEPHEN A. DOUGLAS\\nGEO. G. VEST\\nJ. G. SCHURMAN\\nTHEODORE ROOSEVELT\\nEX-GOVERNOR HOGG\\nAND MANY OTHERS\\nGEO. F. HOAR\\nH. M. TELLER\\nANDREW CARNEGIE\\nSAMUEL GOMPERS\\nA, J. BEVERIDGE\\nIllustrated by Frank Beard\\nJ. L. Nichols Co.\\nMANUFACTURING PUBLISHERS OF POPULAR SUBSCRIPTION BOOKS ON THE\\nEXCLUSIVE TERRITORY PLAN\\nTORONTO, ONT.\\nNAPERVILLE (CHICAGO), ILL.\\nATLANTA, GA.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVED.\\nLiBrsry of Cei!srai%\\njffloe of til*\\nAPR 0. 1900\\nij\u00c2\u00bbgltt\u00c2\u00abr of Copyright*\\n5(i( 13\\nEntered According to Act of Congress, in the Year 1900,\\nBy SAMUEL FALLOWS,\\nIn the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.\\nSold only on subscription, and not to be had in bookstores. Any one\\ndesiring a copy should address the Publishers.\\nALL RIGHTS RESERVED.\\nSECOND COPY.\\nVo Co O", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nIn the portion of this work which treats of Splendid Deeds we\\nare brought face to face with the question: Is war ever justifiable?\\nAnd, connected with this interrogatory, is the further question:\\nShould the deeds of war be enlarged upon and even glorified?\\nThe admirable words of the Rev. F. A. Noble, D. D., which follow\\nthis introduction, uttered in the presence of many of the brave heroes\\nof our great civil war, will answer fully the first question.\\nWe may say in reply to the second interrogation, that no nation\\nwhich is worthy to live can sever itself from its past history and dis-\\nparage the deeds of the men who have helped give it life, continuance,\\nprogress and glory. God has put the martial spirit in the breasts of\\nmen. It is not a mere survival of a savage ancestry. It is to be a con-\\nstant force. The youthful spirit must be ever ready to do and dare.\\nWoe to that people when the fires of a generous, self-sacrificing en-\\nthusiasm among them shall have died out.\\nUntil the better day shall come, as come it surely will, when nation\\nshall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war\\nany more, we must have a well disciplined army and a formidable\\nnavy. We must be ready to maintain our providential position among\\nthe nations of the earth. By the very possession of the warlike means\\nof self-preservation, and by the unquestioned ability to use them, we\\nshall be able to secure ultimately the peace of mankind.\\nIn the unfolding years the martial spirit will not be displayed in\\nthe maiming and killing of men. It will find its expression in fighting\\nthe great moral battles which will be constantly imminent, until the\\nmillennial glory shall flood the globe.\\nIn Splendid Deeds we have narrated the conflicts with England,\\nwith Mexico, with our brethren of the South, with Spain and with the\\nFilipinos. The wars are all over, thank God, except the contest with\\nthe guerrilla bands in our island possessions, j^\\nIt is one of the most gratifying signs of the times that our relations\\niii", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "iv INTRODUCTION.\\nwith England are of such a friendly nature. She rendered us signal\\nservice during the Spanish-American war by steadily refusing to join\\nthe concert of Europe in making that war one of continental compli-\\ncations. She showed her cordiality by the earnest sympathy mani-\\nfested by the English men-of-war during the engagement at Manila.\\nGeneral Thomas M. Anderson said: If there could have been any\\npossible doubt as to sympathy at the bombardment of Manila, it was\\nremoved when on the day of bombardment the English flagship, with\\nsteam up and decks cleared, took up a position that would have enabled\\nit to slip in between our squadron and the foreign vessels. I do not\\nthink there was occasion for apprehension, yet it was pleasant to see\\nthat blood was thicker than salt water.\\nAdmiral Sampson said, on Queen Victoria s eightieth birthday,\\nMay 24, 1899: This year s experiences have made us realize as we\\ncould not perhaps twelve months ago, that we of England and America\\nare members of one great world-wide family with interests and sym-\\npathies in common.\\nOf this I have had practical proof many times repeated during\\nthese last months, when the ships of England and America have met\\nin southern waters, and the fact has made me glad, for it promises to\\ncontinue through all time.\\nWhen Admiral Dewey was at Colombo, Ceylon, on his way to the\\nUnited States, he was royally received by the English governor, the\\nEight. lion. Sir Joseph West Kidgeway.\\nThe Admiral said: That cheer raised on the jetty when I landed\\nwent to the hearts of all of us. We are 14,000 miles from home, but\\nthat cheer will be heard in America, although the way in which it has\\ntouched me I shall never be able to fully express. The two nations\\nwere never so closely allied by mutual sympathy and .appreciation as\\nnow. The American people realized this during the late war, and you\\ncan imagine that all those who were at Manila and met Sir Edward\\nChichester, commander of the British first-class cruiser Immortalite,\\nand his gallant comrades, hold that feeling very deeply.\\nWe are becoming more and more closely identified in common inter-\\nests with our sister republic of Mexico.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. -v\\nNorth and South in our own beloved land were never so closely\\nbound together as at the present moment. And we are hoping that\\nSpain will enter upon a new life, becoming purified and strong, through\\nthe severe affliction which she has suffered, and with America will\\nstrive to enlarge and protect the liberties of man.\\nLiving Issues, treated of in this volume, are germane to Splendid\\nDeeds, particularly that portion relating to Expansion and Anti-\\nExpansion.\\nThe war with Spain changed the map of the globe and brought our\\ncountry out of its comparatively insular condition into the relationship\\nof a world-wide power.\\nAs Kipling sings:\\nWe are out of the swaddling clout, thank God,\\nWe ve entered the shining mail,\\nWe ve taken our place at the van of the race.\\nWe ve found new seas to sail.\\nThe advocates against as well as for this sudden and unexpected\\nemerging from our previous national position are fairly and adequately\\ntreated in its pages.\\nIncidentally, Trusts are related to the question of Expansion, as\\nwill be seen by a perusal of many of the opinions given on that subject.\\nWith the hope of inspiring a profounder love of the land of our birth\\nand adoption by the narration of the Splendid Deeds of its heroes on\\nsea and land, and with the desire of furnishing the material for an\\nintelligent judgment on some of the greatest Living Issues which de-\\nmand the earnest consideration of the American people, this book is\\nrespectfully given to the public.\\nChicago, January 25, 1900. SAMUEL FALLOWS.\\nIS WAR EVER JUSTIFIABLE?\\nREV. F. A. NOBLE, D. D.\\nIs war ever justifiable? Or if war was once justifiable, is it jus-\\ntifiable still? Under our modern civilization, has war any proper part\\nto play, any real contribution to make, to the development and progress", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "VI\\nINTRODUCTION.\\nof mankind? With all the advancement which has been registered,\\nand with all the light of these closing years of the nineteenth century\\npouring in upon them, may peoples, now as of old, resort to the drastic\\nand terrible means of the battlefield and the navy engagement to gain\\ntheir ends? Are there any ends so imperative and sacred that before\\nGod and the universe peoples are warranted in turning to sword and\\ngun to secure them?\\nThere are those whose response to this question, in whatever form\\nit may be put, is in the negative. They take the ground that under any\\nand all circumstances war is contrary to the moral laws under which\\nwe live, and that at the bar of a true ethical conception of duty it must\\nstand condemned. Even were this not so, they insist that war is in itself\\na greater evil than any evil it may ever be invoked to redress. It is\\nbetter to endure burdens, so it is claimed burdens of limitation and\\ninjustice and oppression until they can be remedied by peaceable\\nmethods than to fight to get rid of them.\\nSidney Smith said: In war, God is forgotten and every principle\\nof Christianity is trampled upon. Adam Clark said: War is as\\ncontrary to the spirit of Christianity as murder, Franklin said: There\\nnever has been and never will be such a thing as a good war, or a bad\\npeace. Sumner said: Thei e is no war that is honorable, and no\\npeace that is dishonorable. John Bright said: If we adhere to the\\nheathen practice of warfare we should abandon our pretensions and\\nno longer claim to be Christians. Take down at any rate your Ten\\nCommandments from inside the churches, and say no longer that you\\nread and believe in the Sermon on the Mount.\\nIt would be a strange person who could see nothing to admire in the\\nspirit of words like these. But true in part, they are true only in part.\\nThere have been righteous wars, and there may be again. In a righteous\\nwar God is not forgotten; nor are the principles of Christianity over-\\nridden and trampled into the dust. Franklin to the contrary notwith-\\nstanding, history shows that there may be a good war and a bad peace.\\nIn spite of Sumner s assertion, there have been wars that were hon-\\norable, and terms of surrender and amity which were dishonorable.\\n,We may still keep the Ten Commandments inscribed on tablets in our", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. vii\\nchurch edifices, and still read and accept the Sermon on the Mount, and\\nyet fight in a holy cause fight to throw off oppression and secure\\nliberty and maintain inalienable rights without in any wise forfeiting\\nthe name of Christian, or doing violence to the genius of our faith.\\nWere not Cromwell and Hampden and Pym and Eliot right in their\\nprotests against the usurpations and crimes of the Stuarts, and in\\npunctuating their protests, when the hour struck for heroic action, with\\nMarston Moor and Naseby? Does not the revolt of the Thirteen Colonies\\nagainst the tyranny of English toryism commend itself to the sober\\nsecond thought of the whole liberty-loving world? Can anybody per-\\nsuade his own mind that Washington and Warren, that Adams and\\nJefferson, that Hancock and Henry, that Franklin and Lee, were only\\nthe conspirators and agents in a great murder-plot when they conceived,\\nand, with the help of their co-patriots and the hardy and resolute yeo-\\nmanry of the country, prosecuted to a triumphal issue the long-fought\\nAmerican Revolution?\\nThe Hon. Galusha A. Grow, of Pennsylvania, so long and so credit-\\nably before the public, in an address delivered at the unveiling of the\\nstatue erected in commemoration of the character and public services\\nof John P. Hale, at Concord, New Hampshire, a half-dozen years ago,\\nused these significant words: It seems to be a part of the plan of\\nDivine Providence that every marked advance in civilization must begin\\nin mighty convulsions. The moral law was first proclaimed in the\\nthunders of Sinai, and the earthly mission of the Savior of mankind\\nclosed amidst the rending of mountains and the throes of the earth-\\nquake. The Goddess of Liberty herself was born in the shock of battle,\\nand amid its carnage has carved out some of her grandest victories,\\nwhile over its crimson fields the race marches on to higher and uobler\\ndestinies. As the lightnings of heaven rend and destroy only to purify\\nand reinvigorate, so freedom s cannon furrows the fields of decaying\\nempires, and seeds them anew with human gore, from which springs a\\nmore vigorous race, to cherish the hopes and guard the rights of man-\\nkind. This is history. In this way have many sorrows come to men,\\nbut superb and enduring benefits as well.\\nLincoln and Grant left the Great Republic better than they found it.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "viii INTRODUCTION.\\nThe British Empire is far in advance of what it was when Gladstone\\nand Salisburv were born. The oppressions and crimes possible to Rome\\nand the governments of the petty and discordant principalities of Italy\\na centurj- ago were made things of the past by Garibaldi and Cavour.\\nGermany has come into her self-consciousness and her resplendent posi-\\ntion by means not always commendable, but her millions are further\\non than when William and Bismarck began their mighty work.\\nIt is not easj to define France, nor wise to attempt to forecast its\\nfuture; but when comparisons are made between the France of Louis\\nFourteenth, or the France of Napoleon the First, or the France of\\nNapoleon the Third, with the France of Felix Faure, it is evident that\\nGambetta and his associates in revolution and reconstruction labored\\nto some good purpose. Austria and Russia are feeling the upward\\npressure of the times. The Dark Continent is not so dark as it was;\\nand India and China are not so hopeless.\\nGod is in His world. God is in humanity, helping it into a idealiza-\\ntion of its high dignity and its sublime possibilities. God is in His\\nchurch. Step by step, stage by stage, He is working His way into the\\nlaws and customs and iristitutions of society; and this is what takes\\nthe laws and customs and institutions of society forward. He uses sun-\\nshine and He uses storms to accomplish His purposes. He is over aU\\nand behind all. Princes get mad and rulers set themselves in opposition\\nto Him, but He turns their wrath and folly to His own account. He\\nacts through good men and through homes and States. He employs\\nPeace Societies and He employs Armies to hasten in His Kingdom.\\nHis Kingdom is coming. In spite of all and against all God will win;\\nfor God is love, and love Avill conquer at the last.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nInteoduction iii\\nBOOK I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 OUR NAVY AND ARMY.\\nChapter I.\\nPaul Jones The Bon Homme Richard and The Serapis Commodore John\\nBarry Stewart and Bainbridge Plead for the Navy 15\\nChapter II.\\nCaptain Stephen Decatur Captain Jacob Jones 37\\nChapter III.\\nCaptain Isaac Hull 38\\nChapter IV.\\nCommodore William Bainbridge Captain James Lawrence 47\\nChapter V.\\nCommodore Oliver H. Perry 66\\nChapter VI.\\nThomas McDonough, the Hero of Lake Champlain 83\\nChapter VII.\\nGeneral Armstrong and Privateers of the War Commodore John Rodgers\\nDavid Porter Richard Dale Alexander Murray 91\\nChapter VIII.\\nAdmiral Farragut David Porter Lieutenant Wm. B. Cushing 104\\nChapter IX.\\nAdmiral Wm. T. Sampson Rear Admiral Winfield S. Schley 116\\nChapter X.\\nEichard P. Hobson Lieutenant Commander Wainwright Ensign Gillis. 127\\nChapter XL\\nThe Story of the Winslow Story of the Gussie Cutting Cables at Cienfuegos\\nChaplain H. W. Jones 134\\nis.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "X TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nChapter XII.\\nThe Destruction of Cervera s Fleet 144\\nCUAPTER XIII.\\nAdmiral George Dewey Dewey on Shore His First Marriage Appointment\\nin Washington Battle of Manila Bay The Home Coming of Dewey\\nReception in New York Presentation of Sword in Washington Recep-\\ntion in Boston Laying of Corner Stone of Dewey Hall Speech of Hon.\\nChauncey Depew Second Marriage Gift of Home in Washington 156\\nChapter XIV.\\nThe Battle of Bunker Hill\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Washington at Valley Forge 197\\nChapter XV.\\nGeneral Jackson and the Battle of New Orleans General Winfield Scott The\\nCapture of Mexico. 211\\nChapter XVI.\\nAbraham Lincoln His Birthplace and Boyhood His Maiden Speech The\\nTypical American His Character Sympathy Prayer Address at Get-\\ntysburg 220\\nChapter XVII.\\nGeneral U. S. Grant A Picture of Grant Grant and the Child Grant and\\nLee at Appomattox His Last Days at Mount McGregor, N. Y. General\\nJames A. Garfield 231\\nChapter XVIII.\\nThe Battles of Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain Union Losses in Civil\\nWar Confederate Losses Complete Statistics of the Civil War 242\\nChapter XIX.\\nThe Gallant Fight at Guantanamo Bay Battle of El Caney and San Juan\\nOn the San Juan Ridge\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Fight for Santiago 257\\nChapter XX.\\nThe Daring of Lieutenant Rowan Buckey O Neil Tenth Cavalry Ser-\\ngeant Bell 271\\nChapter XXI.\\nRoosevelt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Preparation for War Raising the\\nRegiment The Campaign in Cuba The Reunion of the Rough Riders. 277", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS. xi\\nChapter XXII.\\nSpanish-American War Summary of Invents The Treaty of Paris Cost of\\nthe War in 1898 to Both Nations\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Loss of Life, Etc 297\\nChapter XXIII.\\nThe Philippine Question The Treaty of Peace The Philippine Commission\\nAmbition of Aguinaldo What the Commission Found The Kebellion\\nMust Be Put Down Work of Reconstruction A Few Words About Sulu\\nFreedom of the Slaves in Jolo Future Government of the Philippines\\nRests With Congress A Protectorate Not Desirable Will Uphold Sover-\\neignty of U. S. Kindness to the Filipinos Is the Defeat of Aguinaldo. 304\\nChapter XXIV.\\nFrpderick Funston Early Life Services in the Agricultural Department\\nUniversity Life Funston s Student Days Newspaper Reporter Alaskan\\nExperiences War Experiences Funston and the Regular Army Speech\\nto the Regiment Commandant of Artillery His Marriage Bravery of\\nthe Kansas Regiment Funston s Famous Exploit Daring of the Cor-\\nporal and Volunteers Incidents General Henry W. Lawton Major\\nJohn A. Logan The OfEcers and Soldiers of the Filipino War Report of\\nthe Philippine Commission Speech of Senator Albert J. Beveridge 315\\nBOOK li.-LIVING ISSUES.\\nChapter XXVI.\\nExpansion Sentiments by the Following: Rev. F. A. Noble, D. D.\\nAdmir?l Geo. Dewey Hon. Stephen A. Douglas Hon. Wm. Pitt Frye\\nArchbishop Ireland Hon. Cushman K. Davis Gov. Theo. Roosevelt\\nHon. D. M. Dickinson Hon. A. J. Smith Ex-Senator Peffer Senator\\nShelby Cullom Hon. Champ Clark Chas. J. Bonaparte Gen. Edward\\nS. Bragg Hon. Wm. Dudley Foulke Hon. J. P. Dolliver Judge Oliver\\nH. Horton Bishop Samuel Fallows, D. D. Hon. E. Benj. Andrews, LL.\\nD. Hon. Luther Laflin Mills, Democrat Rev. Lyman Abbott, D. D.\\nJudge Richard S. Tuthill Hon. Geo. Adams, Democrat Hon. Lambert\\nTree, Democrat Gen. Jno. Black, Democrat Hon. John Barton Payne,\\nDemocrat\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. P. S. Henson, D. D.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. Edward Everett Hale, D. D.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nEev. Father T. P. Hodnett\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Col. J. H. Davidson\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bishop C. H. Fowler,\\nD. D.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. J. H. 0. Smith\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. E. A. Dunning\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sen. Carter\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gov.\\nRoosevelt Hon. A. G. Foster Col. Chas. Denby Murat Halstead\\nOpinions of Professors in 17 Western Colleges, Etc., Etc 339", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "xii TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nChapter XXYII.\\nAnti-Expansion Sentiments: \\\\Vm. J. Bryan Andrew Carnegie Gen. J.\\nB. Weaver Hon. Bcnj, R. Tillman Hon. Geo. F. Hoar Samuel Gom-\\npers Hon. Arthur P. Gorman Hon. Marion Butler Hon. Geo. G.\\nVest Hon. Stephen M. White Charles Francis Adams Hon. Henry M.\\nTeller Hon. Geo. F. Edmunds Hon. Adlai Stevenson David Star Jor-\\ndan Hon. Carl Schurz Hon. Jno. W. Daniel Hon. H. D. Money Hon.\\nWm. E. Mason Hon. Horace Chilton Hon. A. 0. Bacon Hon. Geo. W.\\nTurner Hon. Jno. L. McLaurin Hon. Alex. S. Clay Hon. Henry U.\\nJohnson Rev. H. D. Bigelow of Cincinnati Ex-Congressman Chas. A.\\nTown Prof. Geo. Herron Ex-Governor Geo. S. Boutell Prof. A. H.\\nTolman Prof. J. L. Laughlin Clarence M. Darrow Senator Geo. F.\\nHoar\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gen. W. B. Shattuck and Others 393\\nChapter XXVIII.\\nOpinions on Trusts by the Following Prof. Jno. B. Clark Henry White\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Hon. W. D. Foulke\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lewis F. Post\u00e2\u0080\u0094 M. L. Lockwood\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Thos. J. Morgan\\nEdward Keasley Samuel Gompers M. M. Garland Gov. H. S. Pin-\\ngree\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hon. Chas. W. Foster\u00e2\u0080\u0094 P. E. Dowe\u00e2\u0080\u0094 F. B. Thurber\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gov. G. W.\\nAtkinson Hon. C. E. Snodgrass E. Rosewater Hon. Dudley Wooten\\nProf. Jno. G. Brooks, Harvard Dr. Henry Adams Attorney General\\nE. C. Crowe\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. R. A. Wliite\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gov. H. S. Pingree\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. J. Lloyd Jones\\nDr F. W. Gunsaulus Hon. Bourke Cockran William J. Bryan Rev.\\nFather Ducey, and Many Others 433\\nChapter XXIX.\\nMunicipal Ownership 466", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPage\\nGeorge Washington Frontispiece\\nCommodore Jones Capturing the Serapis 14\\nCommodore Paul Jones 15\\nCommodore William Bainbridge 20\\nCommodore John Barry 21\\nDecatur s Conflict with the Algerians at Tripoli Reuben Jones Interposing\\nHis Head to Save the Life of His Commander 28\\nCommodore Stephen Decatur 29\\nBattle Between the Constitution and the Guerriere 125\\nAnother View of the Battle Between the Constitution and the Guerriere 124\\nCommodore James Laurence 60\\nDeath of Captain Laurence 6i\\nCommodore Oliver H. Perry 76\\nBattle of Lake Erie Commodore Perry Leaving His Flagship 77\\nBattle of Lake Champlain Macdonough Pointing the Gun 82\\nCommodore T. Macdonough 83\\nNaval Heroes in the Spanish-American War Rear Admiral Sampson Rear\\nAdmiral Schley Captain Evans Captain Clark Lieutenant Commo-\\ndore Wainwright 44\\nCommodore David E. Farragut 45\\nThe Sinking of the Merrimae (Colored Plate) 127\\nHole Made by a Spanish Shot in the Armor Plate of the Battleship Texas. 141\\nCutting the Cable Under Fire 140\\nEffect of a Good American Shot (Colored Plate) 148\\nAdios, Vizcaya 152\\nCaptain Evans Refusing Eulate s Sword 153\\nOfficer Dewey the Last to Leave the Burning Ship Mississippi 156\\nThe Hero of Manila Admiral George Dewey 157\\nDewey s Victory at Manila Colored Plate) 185\\nWashington Taking Command of the Army at Cambridge, 1775 196\\nGeorge Washington (from an original portrait) 197\\nAt Valley Forge Washington and Lafayette 200\\nBattle of Bunker Hill 201\\nGeneral Scott Entering the City of Mexico 217\\nGeneral Winfield Scott 216\\nGiants of the Republic George Washington Abraham Lincoln U. S. Grant. 231\\nLeading Generals Who Commanded Insurgent Forces in Cuba Antonio\\nMaceo Maximo Gomez Jose Marti Calixto Garcia .256\\n2", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "xiv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPage\\nMilitan- Heroes in the Spanish- American and Philippine Wars Major Gen.\\nNelson A. Miles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gen. II. W. Lawton\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Major Gen. Joseph Wheeler-\\nCol. Theodore Eoosevelt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Major Gen. W. E. Shaftcr 257\\nArtillery Men Trying to Locate the Enemy s Batteries Under Fire 178\\nHeroic Charge of the Tenth Cavalry (Colored) at San Juan 172\\nIn the Thick of the Fight Before Santiago (Colored Plate) 267\\nStorming of Malate (Colored Plate) 271\\nTeddy Roosevelt (Colored Plate) 277\\nU. S. Troops Embarking at San Francisco for the Philippine Islands 305\\nAguinaldo, the Insurgent Leader of the Filipinos 304\\nUnited States Volunteer in Full ilarching Order 314\\nGeneral Frederick Funston 815\\nEminent Politicians and Statesmen Expansionists Gen. Jno. C. Black\\nHon. Jos. Choatc Hon. Jno. Barton Pa}-ne U. S. Senator Mark A.\\nHanna U. S. Senator Cushman K. Davis 339\\nPresident McKinley and His Cabinet Expansionists President McKinley\\nPostmaster General Smith Secretary Root Secretary Long Secretary\\nGage Secretary Wilson Secretary Hay Attorney General Griggs 339\\nNoted Divines Expansionists Cardinal Gibbons Rev. F. A. Noble, D. D.\\nRev. Father T. P. Hodnett, D. D.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. J. P. Brushingham, D. D.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nRev. J. II. 0. Smith, D. D 339\\nA Group of Expansionists Hon. Whitelaw Reid Hon. Luther Laflin Mills\\nSupt. E. B. Andrews\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ex. U. S. Senator Peffer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hon. Richard S. Tuthill. 339\\nEducators and Statesmen Anti-Expansionists Prof. E. Yon Hoist Presi-\\ndent Henry Wade Rogers, LL. D. Ex- Vice-President A. E. Stevenson\\nU. S. Senator Jno. W. Daniel 410\\nEminent Politicians and Statesmen Anti-Expansionists Wm. E. Mason\\nCol. W. J. Bryan\u00e2\u0080\u0094 J. G. Carlisle\u00e2\u0080\u0094 B. R. Tillman\u00e2\u0080\u0094 G. F. Hoar\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Geo. G.\\nVest 411\\nStatesmen Who Took Part in the Trust Conference Geo. W. Atkinson\\nW. A. Poynter\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hazen S. Pingree\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. E. Stanley\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Edward Scofield 426\\nOfficers of Conference on Trusts Dudley G. Wooten Henry A^. Johnson\\nFranklin II. Head\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Wm. Wirt Howe\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Stephen P. Corless\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ralph M.\\nEasley 427\\nNoted Politicians Anti-Trust William J. Bryan W. Bourke Cockran\\nCharles Foster Henry W. Blair 430\\nMen of Affairs on Trusts Samuel Gompers Edward Q. Xeasbey U. M.\\nRose\u00e2\u0080\u0094 T. B. Walker\u00e2\u0080\u0094 M. M. Garland\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A. Leo Weil 431\\nHow Baleful Trusts Are Operated 439\\nThe Trust Octopus 447\\nThe Trust Hog Sent Over the Precipice of Insolvency 45-9", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE JO\\\\ES CAPTURING THE SERAPIS", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE PAL L JOKES", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Splendid Deeds of American Heroes.\\nCHAPTER 1.\\nPAUL JONES, THE BON HOMME RICHARD AND THE SERAPIS.\\nThe American people are justly proud of the historic deeds of their\\nnavy. Since their first great sea fight between the Bon Homme Richar\u00c2\u00abl,\\nunder the command of John Paul Jones, and the English frigate, Sera-\\npis, off Flamborough Head, England, the naval history of this western\\nnation has been an almost unbroken line of brilliant exploits.\\nThis memorable naval duel was fought on September 23, 1779, under\\na full harvest moon, which lent an added weirdness to the scene. On th^L\\nEnglish shore were gathered thousands of spectators, who watched the\\nengagement with an eagerness and anxiety corresponding to the des-\\nperate chances of the game.\\nNothing more thrilling is to be found in naval chronicles. As a close\\nand deadly fight, hand to hand, and attended by all the gallant ex-\\nhibitions of human courage, it has no parallel in history.\\nJohn Paul Jones was a Scotchman by birth, but some years before\\nthe Revolutionary war he had become a citizen of the colonies. His\\nofficers were Americans, but the crew was a motley crowd, representing\\nmore than a score of nationalities, half of whom, however, were hardy,\\nwell trained American seamen. The Bon Homme Richard was an old\\nvessel and her timbers were soft and rotten, while her poorly cast guns\\nwere more dangerous to the crew than to the enemy.\\nWith Jones sailed two other ships, the Pallas and the Alliance; the\\nlatter commanded by a Frenchman named Landais, a jealous, despicable\\npoltroon and traitor.\\nCommodore Jones had sighted a fleet of English merchantmen con-\\nvoyed by the Serapis and the Countess of Scarborough, and at once sig-\\nnaled for the rest of the squadron to begin a general chase. The Alliance\\nbeing the fastest sailer took the lead in the pursuit. As she moved\\nahead, Captain Landais spoke the Pallas, and told her commander that,\\nif the enemy proved to be a fifty-gun ship, there was nothing left but to\\n15", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "16 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ntry to keep out of the way. Landals took his own advice; for he no\\nsooner discovered the size of the Serapis, than he hauled off, under full\\nsail.\\nThe Pallas bravely engaged the Countess of Scarborough, and, after\\na bloody conflict of an hour, Captain Cottineau compelled the white\\ncross of St. ieorge to bow to the Stars and Stripes of an almost name-\\nless republic.\\nThus llie Ron Homme Richard and the Serapis were left alone to\\nfight in single combat.\\nIlalf the afternoon, on that memorable 23d of September, the Rich-\\nard, under crowded sail, had determinedly chased the Serapis. At seven\\no clock, just as the dusk of evening was gathering, Jones came within\\npistol shot of the English ship.\\nAs the Yankee boat slowly drew near. Captain Pearson hailed her:\\nWhat ship is that?\\nCome a little nearer and I ll tell you, was Paul Jones answer.\\nWhat are you laden with? again came from the Englishman.\\nRound, grape and double headed shot! was the ready-witted reply.\\nAnd almost at the same instant the Richard let go a broadside in\\nrebuke to the contemptuous demand of the Serapis upon a man-of-war.\\nThe Richard carried forty guns, and the whole weight of iron missiles\\nshe could throw with them all at one discharge was four hundred and\\nseventy-four pounds; while the Serapis, with forty-one guns, could\\nthrow six hundred pounds.\\nAt the very first discharge two of the eighteen pounders of the\\nRichard burst, killing almost every man of the gun crews that served\\nthem, and, tearing up the deck, created such havoc as to render the four\\nother large gnus useless. The inequality of the contest was in this way\\ngreatly increased, for it reduced the armament of the Richard to nearly\\na third less than that of her antagonist.\\nAlmost simultaneously the Serapis responded to the Richard s fire\\nwith a heavy broadside. Flash answered flash. The lightning of artil-\\nlery glared upon the scene and the thunder of cannonading was a con-\\ntinuous roar.\\nThe hail of iron tore through both ships. Timbers crashed and death-\\ndealing splinters flew in all directions. The decks were strewn with the\\nmangled bodies of the dead and dying.\\nThe sand that had been sprinkled on the floors to keep the men from\\nslipping became soaked with blood and refused to hold their hurrying\\nfootsteps.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "PAUL JONES\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE BON HOMME RICHARD. 17\\nVery slowly the two vessels moved along, each trying to cross the\\nother s track and with a broadside rake the enemy from stern to bow.\\nThe Richard had received several shots at the water line and seemed to\\nbe sinking.\\nAny other captain than Paul Jones would have struck his colors.\\nSeveral of the braces of the Richard had been shot away. She would\\nnot readily respond to the helm, and the bowsprit of the Serapis was\\nthrust across the stern of the Richard. This Captain Jones grasped with\\nhis grappling irons, and with his own hands made the two ships fast.\\nSide by side, with yards entangled, so that the sailors of the Richard\\ncould pass from her maintop to the foretop of the Serapis, they ex-\\nchanged broadside after broadside. Finding themselves securely locked\\nin a fatal embrace that could not be shaken off, the enemy tried to board\\nthe Richard, but were driven back.\\nOfficer Stacy, as brave a man as was to be found aboard, but, like\\nmany sailors given to profanity, began to swear furiously. Jones said\\nto him:\\nDon t swear, Mr. Stacy, don t swear; in another minute we may all\\nbe in eternity, but let us do our duty.\\nThe fight now raged furiously. The lower portholes of the Serapis,\\nwhich had been shut to prevent the Americans from boarding, were\\nblown off, as there was not room between the closely lashed hulls to\\nraise them.\\nThe gunners, in ramming down the charges, often ran their ramrods\\ninto the portholes of the other vessel, so closely were they interlocked.\\nThe superior armament of the Englishman told upon the Richard;\\nher sides were rent by the eighteen pound guns of the Serapis, which,\\nwith their muzzles thrust into the vex y portholes of the American boat,\\ncleared everything before them.\\nThe gunners were forced to abandon their pieces on the main deck\\nand go above, some to the upper deck and forecastle, others into the\\nyards and tops, whence they kept up a constant fire of musketry and\\nhand grenades.\\nCaptain Jones presently realized that with his rotten vessel he would\\nsoon get the worst of such fighting, and therefore gave the order:\\nStand by, men, and board her.\\nA hundred men made a rush over the gunwales into the Serapis.\\nThey were met by an equal number of Englishmen, with pistol?:,\\nswords and pikes, who drove them back with many killed on either side.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "18 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nIn the darkness the flags could not be seen and Captain Pearson, of\\nthe Serapis, shouted:\\nHave you struck your flag?\\nBack was thundered the historic reply from John Paul Jones:\\nNo; I have not yet begun to fight.\\nWith his own hands the undaunted captain served the guns. Thougli\\nhe was blackened with powder-smoke and woundetl b^ a flying splinter\\nhe kept calm and watchful, and tried to compensate for the superiority\\nof the guns of the enemy by the rapidity of fire of his own.\\nThe Richard was on fire in several places. The flames were so near\\nthe powder magazine that her commander ordered the powder kegs to\\nbe thrown into the sea.\\nThe sailors and marines, perched above in the mainyard of the Rich-\\nard, had driven almost every man of the Serapis below. Nor were they\\nsafe here. One dauntless fellow had crawled out on the extreme end\\nof the Richard s yard, from whence he could drop hand grenades down\\nthe enemy s main hatchway with absolute precision.\\nOne of these hand grenades probably turned the day in favor of the\\nBon Ilomme Richard, for it ignited a row of cartridges that the powder-\\nboys of the Serapis had carelessly left, in their dismay, on the gun deck.\\nThe flash reached from main to mizzen mast, and the explosion was\\nterrific.\\nNearly twenty men were blown to pieces or scorched beyond recog-\\nnition. The clothing was torn from their bodies so that nothing was\\nleft but the collars and wristbands of their shirts, or the waistbands\\nof their trousers.\\nThirty-eight men were wounded, many beyond hope of recovery, thus\\nmaking a total of nearly sixty who were either killed or disabled.\\nAt this time the Alliance came alongside and Captain Jones thought\\nthe battle was at an end. But, to the horror of the Bon Homme Richard,\\nLandais, by mistake or crazy intent, poured a broadside into the very\\nface of the men on the boat he was supposed to be helping.\\nThe Alliance did great damage to the Richard by this broadside, and\\nthough she drew off and seemingly tried to aid her consort, the two con-\\ntestants were so inextricably interlocked that her fire took effect on\\nfriend and foe alike.\\nSome of the men of the Richard became discouraged, and leaving\\ntheir guns declared that the Englishmen had possession of the ship.\\nThe water came in freely through the shot holes, and the vessel began\\nto settle.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "PAUL JONES\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE BON HOMME RICHARD. 19\\nThe doctor, runniug from tke cockpit below, said: The water is\\ngaining so fast that the wounded are floating in it. We must surrender.\\nWhat, Doctor, cried Jones, smiling grimly, would you have me\\nstrike to a drop of water? Here, quick, help me get this gun over there.\\nDown far more rapidly than he came up the good doctor went, conclud-\\ning that it was a safer place below than by the side of the man who did\\nnot know how to surrender. But the vessel was lurching fearfully. The\\nconviction deepened every moment among the young officers that the\\nship was doomed.\\nThe crew were in a panic.\\nSome one called:\\nQuarter, quarter, for God s sake, quarter! our ship is sinking!\\nHearing the crj Jones shouted fiercely:\\nShoot the rascals, shoot the rascals who were asking for quarter.\\nThe guilty sailors no sooner heard that terrible voice than they\\nstarted to skulk below, but the Commodore hurled his pistol at the\\nleader s head, which knocked him down at the foot of the gangway,\\nwhere he lay senseless till the end of the battle.\\nThe officers and men of the Richard entreated Jones to strike his\\ncolors, but he would not give up the fight. Captain Pearson had also\\nheard the crj^ for quarter and hailed the Richard, crying:\\nWhy don t you haul down your colors?\\nHaul down our colors! cried Jones, we are waiting for yours to\\ncome down first.\\nThe conflict, which had momentarily ceased, was again renewed, but\\nboth sides were forced to cease firing after a few rounds, as the ships\\nwere on fire. In the course of the combat the Serapis had been set on\\nfire a dozen times, while in the latter part of the engagement the Richard\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was in a constant blaze.\\nIn addition to the condition of his ship Captain Jones had two hun-\\ndred English prisoners, confined below, who momentarily threatened to\\noverpower the American crew.\\nBut the shrewd Scotchman turned this threatening body of men\\nto rare account. There was six feet of water in the hold and he sent an\\nofficer below to tell the prisoners that the ship was sinking and if they\\ndid not man the pumps Englishmen and Americans would go down to\\ngether. In a frenzy of terror they rushed to the pumps and worked with\\na will, while the crew on deck continued to fight the Serapis.\\nThis cunning device no doubt saved the day for the Richard, for it\\nkept the disabled boat afloat and quieted the panic-stricken men, who", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "20 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nhad begun to fear the prisoners in the hold quite as much as the enemy s\\nguns or a watery grave.\\nAs soon as order was restored on board the Richard, her chances\\nof success began to increase greatly, while the enemy appeared to have\\nlost the hope of victory. The fire from the tops of the Richard had shot\\ndown every man on the quarterdeck of the Serapis, while her mast was\\nso cut by shot that it fell with a crash and left the deck a perfect wreck.\\nNearly a hundred and fifty men had perished on each side.\\nCaptain Pearson now saw that all was lost, and with his own hands\\nhauled down his flag, the men refusing to expose themselves to the fire\\nof the Richard s tops. Lieutenant Richard Dale and Midshipman May-\\nrant boarded the Englishman, followed by a large party of sailors. The\\nconfusion was so great that it was not generally known, at that moment,\\nthat the Serapis had surrendered, and Mayrant was run through the\\nthigh with a boarding-pike.\\nLieutenant Dale found Captain Pearson on the quarterdeck. Salut-\\ning respectfully, he said\\nI have orders to send you on the ship alongside.\\nThe first lieutenant of the Serapis coming up at that moment, asked:\\nHas the enemy struck her flag?\\nDale replied:\\nNo, you have struck to us.\\nCaptain Pearson admitted that it was true, and he and his first lieu-\\ntenant accompanied Mr. Dale on board the Richard, where Commodore\\nJones received the sword of his worthy foe.\\nIt is recorded that Pearson in handing his sword made some refer-\\nence to surrendering to a man with a halter hanging over his neck. If\\nhe did so Jones paid no attention to it, but with true magnanimity said:\\nSir, you have fought like a hero; and I have no doubt that your sov-\\nereign will reward you in the most ample manner.* The words of Jones\\nwere prophetic, for Pearson was knighted for his gallant conduct. When\\nCommodore Jones heard of it he significantly remarked:\\nHe deserves it, and if he shall get another ship and I fall in with\\nhim, I will make a duke of him.\\nCaptain Heddart, Avho was a midshipman on board the Serapis, wrote\\na letter in 1824 to his grandson giving an account of the battle. Refer-\\nring to the condition of the Richard after the surrender of the Serapis\\nhe says: I suppose Paul Jones was himself astonished when daylight\\nshowed the condition of his ship. I am sure we were.\\nHis ship was still on fire. Ours had been a dozen times, but was", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "CO.M.MUlHJKE WILLIAM l ,AIM-;KII)C_,li", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE JOHX BARRY", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE JOHN BARRY. 21\\nout. Wherever our main battery could hit him we had torn his ship\\nto pieces knocked in and knocked out the sides.\\nThere was a complete breach from the mainmast to the stern. You\\ncould see the sky and sea through the old hulk anywhere. Indeed, the\\nwonder was that the quarterdeck did not fall in. The ship was sinking\\nfast and the pumps would not free her.\\nIn the National Museum at Washington has been recently placed\\nthe historical flag which flew from the masthead of the Richard during\\nthis remarkable conflict. It was the first American emblem which was\\never saluted on the sea by a foreign nation. It has only twelve stars in\\nthe blue field, and was evidently made before Rhode Island ratified the\\nConstitution.\\nIt is a priceless relic. The hero who fought beneath it with the in-\\ntrepid American seamen who then gave to the world the assurance that\\nthe American spirit was unconquerable, deserves the lasting gratitude\\nof the nation. His enemies have called him a pirate and in other ways\\nhave striven to blight his fame. But in the light of all the facts which\\nare now accessible to us he is revealed as one of the most devoted, cour-\\nageous, resourceful commanders the American navy has ever known, as\\nfull of patriotism to the Revolutionary cause as any name however dis-\\ntinguished.\\nThe English government considered Jones a pirate and offered a\\nreward of 10,000 pounds sterling for his head, dead or alive, a sum equal\\nto nearly $100,000 of our present money. But no one ever received it.\\nCommodore Jones died in Paris in the year 1792. His grave has been\\nvery recently discovered.\\nCOMMODORE JOHN BARRY.\\nCommodore John Barry may be justly termed one of the fathers of\\nthe American navy. He was a man of high-toned magnanimity and in-\\ngenuousness of spirit which was so characteristic of many of our great\\nseamen. He was an Irishman by birth and a Catholic in religion. He\\nwas born in the County of Wexford, in the year 1745. Having shown an\\nearly inclination for the sea he was placed on board a merchantman by\\nhis father when a mere lad, but in the intervals of his voyages acquii ed a\\ngood practical education.\\nWhen about fourteen years of age he reached America and deter-\\nmined to make this country his home. He made several voyages to\\nEurope for some of the merchants of Philadelphia, and finally was given", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "22 SPLEXDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthe command of the Black Prince, a fine ship which was afterwards pur-\\nchased by Congress as a vessel of war. He was assigned a place in the\\nnavy at the breaking out of the war of the Revolution and given the\\ncommand of the brig Lexington, the second Continental vessel that\\nsailed from Philadelphia. This vessel carried seventy men and sixteen\\nguns. On the 17th of April, 1776, while cruising off the capes of Vir-\\nginia, he sighted the British vessel, Edward, a tender of the Liverpool,\\nand engaged it in conflict. The action was a very close one and lasted\\nfor an hour. On both sides there was desperate fighting. The Lexing-\\nton had four of her crew killed and wounded, while the enemy sufifered\\na much greater loss. Commodore Barry had the signal honor of cap-\\nturing the first vessel of war ever taken by a regular American cruiser\\nin battle.\\nHe was then given the command of the Effingham, a new vessel\\nwhich was being built at Philadelphia, and which was afterwards re-\\nmoved up the river, when the British fleet occupied that city. Barry\\nplanned a bold attack upon the enemy further down the stream, which\\nhe carried out with great determination and bravery.\\nHaving manned four boats at Burlington, in New Jersey, he rowed\\ndown the Delaware with muffled oars and surprised two British trans-\\nports and an armed schooner that were on their way from Rhode Island\\nto Philadelphia. The transports were laden with forage and the schoon-\\ner was well mounted with eight double four-pounders and twelve four-\\npound howitzers, and manned with thirty-three men. The transports\\nhad one six-pounder, and fourteen men each. Barry had a force of only\\ntwenty-eight men. He boarded the schooner and after a short contest\\nforced it to capitulate and the transports with it.\\nBarry was compelled, greatly to his disgust, to burn his prizes and\\nescape by land, on account of the unexpected arrival of two British\\ncruisers. The victory, however, was very cheering to Washington at this\\ndisheartening period of the war. He wrote Barry on March 12, 177S,\\nsaying: *I congratulate you on the success which has crowned your gal-\\nlantry and address in the late attack upon the enemy s ships, and al-\\nthough circumstances have prevented you from reaping the full benefit\\nof your conquest, yet there is ample compensation in the degree of\\nglory which you have acquired. These were words worthy of the Com-\\nmander-in-Chief arid were balm to Barry s soul.\\nBarry was now appointed to the command of the Raleigh, carrying\\nthirty-two guns. He si\\\\iled from Boston with a brig and sloop under\\nconvoy, on the 25th of September, 1778. When a few miles from laud,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE JOHN BARRY. 23\\ntwo British ships, the Experiment carrying fifty guns, and the Unicorn\\nwith twenty-two guns, came in sight.\\nThey gave chase at once to the Kaleigh.\\nBarry bent every effort to escape them, knowing the futility of any\\nattempt to fight, but at the same time holding his vessel ready for\\naction.\\nHis men were at quarters all night peering in the darkness for the\\nenemy whom they knew to be in full pursuit. A hazy morning dawned,\\nand in the distance the English ships were in view. A sec\u00c2\u00abnd anxious\\nnight passed with every man at his post. When day again came there\\nwere the British vessels forging steadily ahead.\\nThey were now off the coast of Maine, and had the wind continued\\nthe Raleigh would have been able to give her pursuers the slip, but it\\nsuddenly moderated. The Unicorn now came within fighting distance\\nof the Raleigh and the battle began at five in the afternoon.\\nAt the second fire of the Unicorn, Barry s ship unfortunately lost her\\nfore-topmast and mizzen top-gallantmast. This put her at a tremendous\\ndisadvantage in all her sailing manoeuvers.\\nBarry attempted to board his antagonist and had he succeeded the\\nresult would have been far different. But the Unicorn with her advan-\\ntages of canvas easily baffled the effort.\\nThe Experiment was in the meantime coming up to the help of her\\nconsort. Barry then saw that the contest was a hopeless one. Calling a\\ncouncil of his officers, he asked their opinion. It was determined to run\\nthe Raleigh aground on a rocky island called the Wooden Ball, some dis-\\ntance from the mouth of the Penobscot River. Barry escaped with a\\nportion of his crew, after many hardships, to the main land. A petty\\nofficer surrendered the ship. The Unicorn, which was much battered,\\nlost ten men killed. The Raleigh had twenty-five killed and wounded.\\nThe skill and bravery of Barry were thoroughly appreciated by\\nWashington and the country in spite of the loss of the frigate.\\nIn 1781 Barry succeeded the cowardly and probably insane Landais\\nin the command of the Alliance, which carried thirty-two guns. On\\nMay 28 of that year Barry came in sight of the British sloop of war\\nAtlanta, carrying sixteen guns and the brig Trepassy with fourteen\\nguns. On account of the dead calm which prevailed when the ships\\ncame within fighting distance, the Alliance lay almost like a log in the\\nwater, with the two vessels of the enemy on her quarters and stern.\\nIn this position she could not bring her broadside to bear upon the\\nfoe. The British had all the advantage, raking the Alliance with grape", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "24 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nand shot. At two o clock, Barrv was carried below severely wounded\\nin tbe shoulder.\\nAn unlucky shot carried away the fla of the Alliance. The enemy\\ntaking this as a token of surrender manned the shrouds and gave three\\ntremendous cheers.\\nWhat is that cheering for? asked Barry while his wound was being\\ndressed in the cockpit.\\nOur flag has been shot away and the British think we have sur-\\nrendered, was the answer.\\nSurrendered, cried tbe heroic commodore, not by any means.\\nHere, doctor, he said, if the ship cannot be fought without my being\\non deck, I am going there at once.\\nThe determination of the heroic commander reanimated the crew.\\nNo surrender, no surrender, they shouted. Hoist the flag.\\nThe glorious banner of liberty was again run up. The wind suddenly\\nfreshened. The Alliance gained the desired position. Shot after shot\\nwas poured into the enemy s ships, and down came their ensign.\\nCaptain Edwards of the Atlanta came into the cabin w here Barry\\nwas lying, and suffering greatly from pain. He presented his sword\\nwith a courteous remark. The commodore, rising as much as he was\\nable, said\\nCaptain, you have fought nobly. You have done all that a gallant\\noflBcer of his majesty could do, in the struggle. Please keep your sword.\\nI hope the king will give you hereafter a ship more worthy of your cour-\\nage and skill.\\nAfter rendering other services of importance to the country, Barry\\nretired to private life at the close of the war. His good ship the Alliance\\nfollowed her commander out of active service and was converted into a\\nmerchant ship, greatly to the general regret.\\nIn 1794, when the navy was reorganized, Barry was appointed to the\\ncommand of the United States, a vessel carrying forty-two guns, and\\nwas employed in protecting the commerce of the country from French\\ndepredations, and in making various captures of privateers. He died on\\nthe 13th of September, 1803, in Philadelphia, at the age of tifty-eight.\\nHis character may be summed up in the memorable reply which he\\nmade to the solicitations of General Howe, to gain him over to the side\\nof the English crown. He said:\\nI have devoted myself to the cause of my adopted country. Not the\\nvalue and command of the whole British fleet can seduce me from it.\\nOf such stuff were these glorious Revolutionary heroes made.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "A PLEA FOR THE NAVY. 25\\nSTEWART AND BAINBRIDGE PLEAD FOR THE NAVY.\\nYou talk of going to war with England, sneered Josiah Quincy,\\nin 1812. Why, you have not resolution enough to meet the expenses\\nof the little navy rotting here in the Potomac!\\nSuch men as Judge Story, the profound expositor of the law, had\\nnot been blind to the glorious possibilities of the navy, if it could have\\nthe support of the government. In answer to a friend of the adminis-\\ntration, who had spoken contemptuously of our sailors, he said:\\nI was born among these hardy sons of the ocean. I cannot doubt\\ntheir courage or their skill. If Great Britain ever obtains possession\\nof our present little navy, it will be at the expense of the best blood of\\nthat country. It will be a struggle that will call for more of her strength\\nthan she has ever exerted against a European foe.\\nTo Bainbridge and Stewart are largely due the nation s thanks that\\nthis tribute to the skill and courage of our brave sailors has never been\\nundeserved.\\nIt is no doubt true that on the declaration of war, in 1812, the govern-\\nment entertained the project of laying up all the vessels in the harbors.\\nThus they were to be preserved and kept from falling into the hands\\nof the enemy.\\nStewart and Bainbridge opposed this marvelous scheme with deter-\\nmined energy. Their stubborn fight against such a cowardly policy was\\nprophetic of their gallant deeds in the future. It happened that they\\nwere shown the orders to Commodore Rogers saying:\\nDo not leave New York. Keep the vessels in port for the defense\\nof the harbor and the security of the vessels.\\nAt once they sought an interview with the Secretary of the Navy.\\nHe was impressed by their representations, and going to President\\nMadison secured an interview for them at once. Mr. Madison listened\\nwith attention to the glowing defense these men made of the navy.\\nEight times out of ten, said they, with equal force, we can hardly\\nfail. Our men are better men. They are better disciplined. Our mid-\\nshipmen are not mere boys, only fit to carry orders. They are young\\nmen capable of reflection and action. Our guns are sighted, an Amer-\\nican improvement of which the English are ignorant. We can fire our\\ncannon with as accurate an aim as a man with a musket. The English\\nmust fire at random, without sight of their object or regard for the un-\\ndulations of the sea. This sends their shots over our heads or far short\\nof our hulls.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "26 SPLEXDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nWe may be captured. Probably we shall be, even after taking\\nprizes from tliem, because their numbers are much greater than ours.\\nBut, sir, the American flag will never be dishonored while in the\\ncustody of the American sailor. With equal force, it will seldom, if\\never, be struck to any tlag that floats.\\nThe President not only listened but seemed persuaded.\\nThe experiences of our navy in the Revolutionary war confirm your\\nopinions, he said.\\nThe cabinet was called; but the members held to their former view.\\nStill Bainbridge and Stewart were persistent. They would not aban-\\ndon their patriotic purpose. A well argued and emphatic letter was\\naddressed to the President; their arguments were so convincing that\\nhe was induced to change the plan on his own responsibility. One of the\\ncabinet officers gave a reluctant consent to the President s decision. He\\nsaid:\\nThe ships will soon be taken and the government will thus be rid\\nof the cost of maintaining them. This will give the country liberty to\\ndirect its energies to the army.\\nThe military men had the ascendency in the councils of the predom-\\ninant party. So they aimed to secure for themselves all the expected\\nglory of the war.\\nThe poor little navy was to have been ignominiously thrust aside.\\nThe ships were to be allowed to rot. The aspiring naval heroes were to\\nremain in inaction. Fortunately this was not to be. In the end it was\\nour little navy that, gaining a chance to show its worth, redeemed the\\ncountry from the disgrace into which the politico-military leaders had\\nat first plunged it.\\nYou will give us victories, then, you think? Madison asked Bain-\\nbridge and Stewart, when they had finished their plea for a fair trial\\nof American ships and sailors.\\nWe do, sir, most confidently, was the unhesitating reply.\\nThey did as much as they promised, and more. They gave us victor-\\nies that the American historian records with pride, victories that thrill\\nevery American patriot at their recital.\\nWhen war was declared, the vessels of the navy were not in a condi-\\ntion to act with any degree of intelligent combination. The government\\nhad contemptuously disregarded its needs. The ships were scattered;\\nsome were laid up; some were being repaired; and others were too dis-\\ntant to be of service.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II.\\nCAPTAIN STEPHEN DECATUR.\\nStephen Decatui* was a native of Maryland. Born January 5, 1779,\\nhe was still a young man of only thirty-two when the war of 1812 broke\\nout.\\nHowever, there were few, if any, in the American navy who had seen\\nas much service as he. Certainly no one had won a more brilliant repu-\\ntation. Unlike many others, who in those days won renown on the sea,\\nDecatur was a thoroughbred naval officer. He had risen in the service\\nfrom midshipman. Every opportunity had been presented for acquiring\\na knowledge of seamanship and the duties of a naval commander.\\nWhile but a lieutenant he greatly distinguished himself in the war\\nwith Tripoli. The United States frigate Philadelphia had run ashore\\non the Barbary coast in 1804. In this helpless condition she fell into\\nthe hands of the treacherous piratical Tripolitans, who took her as a\\nprize to Tripoli.\\nThe vessel was moored under the guns of the Pasha s castle. Within\\ntwo cables lengths on the starboard-quarter, lay two of the enemy s\\ncruisers.\\nIn addition to this protection the Philadelphia s own guns were\\nmounted and loaded ready to fire. Against such an array of force\\nDecatur made his heroic attempt in a single ketch captured from the\\nenemy, and manned with a crew of seventy men.\\nDecatur quietly sailed into the fortified harbor at eleven o clock at\\nnight. In the darkness he approached within two hundred yards of\\nthe Philadelphia. Then the enemy on board her bailed him.\\nDrop anchor, or you will be fired on.\\nDecatur ordered his pilot, who was a Maltese, to say:\\nThe ketch has lost her anchor in a gale on the coast and we cannot\\nobey your command.\\nThe harbor was very calm, but by this time the ketch had floated\\nwithin fifty yards of the Philadelphia.\\nDecatur threw a rope to a small boat that had come along side his\\nvessel.\\nMake this fast to the frigate s fore chains, he requested.\\n27", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "28 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThis was done, and the crew quickly warped the ketch alongside.\\nThe enemy now began to suspect the character of their visitors.\\nIn a moment Decatur and Midshipman Morris were over the rails\\nand on board the Philadelphia. For several moments they stood there,\\nunprotected by any of their own men. The Turks were utterly taken\\nby surprise. They stood huddled on the quarter-deck, and, helpless from\\nfear, offered little resistance to Decatur s crew, when they boarded and\\nattacked them.\\nTwenty of the enemy were killed on the deck. Many jumped over-\\nboard and were drowned. The rest fled into the hold.\\nThe fight had aroused the Tripolitans on the cruisers and in the\\ncastle. With a howl of rage they saw their prize about to be taken away.\\nThe guns of cruisers and batteries were then turned on the doomed\\nPhiladelphia.\\nDecatur ordered the vessel to be set on fire. His command was\\nobeyed. The wind had freshened, and the flames spread so rapidly that\\nthe sailors had great difficulty in getting the ketch clear of them. As\\nthe breeze was coming off shore in a few minutes Decatur and his men\\nwere well out of reach of the enemy s guns.\\nNot a man was lost in this exploit, Decatur was the hero of the\\nhour, and the rank of post-captain was not too great a reward for his\\ncourage and ability.\\nHe was now appointed to the command of three gunboats and a\\nbomb vessel. These vessels Commodore Preble had obtained from the\\nKing of Naples, to co-operate with the American squadron in an attack\\non Tripoli.\\nThe gunboats were cut loose from the men-ofwar which had them in\\ntow, and Decatur prepared to lead his division immediately into action.\\nThe enemy s gunboats presented a formidable line. They occupied\\na strong position across the mouth of the harbor. Behind them were\\nthe cruisers and land batteries, bristling with guns.\\nThe Tripolitans had stripped their boats of all sail. The hope of\\nflight was taken away, and nothing remained but to fight or sink their\\nvessels.\\nDecatur was eager for the desperate struggle. Going along the\\nline he gave each captain the same order:\\nUnship your bowsprit, and follow me. I am resolved to board the\\nenemy.\\nLieutenant James Decatur had brought his boat from his own divi-\\nsion and joined that of his brother.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "DECATUR S CONFLICT WITH THE ALGERINES AT TRIPOLI REUBEN JONES INTERPOSING\\nHIS HEAD TO SAVE THE LIFE OF HIS COMMANDER", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE STEI HEN DECATUR", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN. STEPHEN DECATUR. 29\\nThe Captain now boldly took the lead. His boat was headed straight\\nfor the harbor entrance.\\nAs they came within range the enemy opened fire from their gun-\\nboats, cruisers and batteries.\\nDecatur returned the fire as he advanced. But he never turned a\\npoint from his course. With sail set he dashed his boat, full force,\\nagainst the foremost of the enemy. Commodore Preble, on the Consti-\\ntution, was dumfounded at Decatur s daring. He thought him rash,\\nand ordered the signal for retreat.\\nNo such signal could be found.\\nDeliberate preparations had been made to cover every possible emer-\\ngency that might arise; but American seamen had not thought of the\\npossibility of retreat.\\nThere was a crew of forty men on the enemy s boat. Decatur s was\\nmanned by an equal number; but thirteen of them were Neapolitans,\\nAs the two boats touched, Decatur sprang over the rail. The Ameri-\\ncans followed their dashing leader, with drawn knives and hangers. The\\ntimid Neapolitans remained behind. In less than ten minutes there\\nwere only dead Turks to be seen on the vessel. Those not killed either\\njumped overboard or hid in the hold. Only three Americans were\\nwounded in the encounter.\\nDecatur took his prize in tow and moved out of the harbor. He was\\nmet by the gunboat that had been commanded by his brother. The crew\\nreported that they had captured a vessel of the enemy, but that Lieu-\\ntenant Decatur had been treacherously shot by the Turkish commander\\nafter he had surrendered. In the confusion he had made oif with his\\nboat and was now pushing for the harbor.\\nDecatur s first and natural thought was of revenge. Without regard\\nto prudence and oblivious of his own safety his one desire was to clutch\\nthe murderer.\\nHe turned his vessel in instant pursuit. With the one single gunboat\\nhe broke through the enemy s line and overhauled the flying Turk. With\\neleven Americans he sprang on board, and rushed for the object of his\\nvengeance.\\nA fierce struggle followed and for twenty minutes the issue was\\ndoubtful.\\nOne by one eight of the Americans were wounded. At last Decatur\\nfound the commander and engaged him in a hand to hand combat. The\\nTurk was armed with a spear; Decatur with a cutlass.\\nBoth were experts in the use of their respective weapons. The Turk\\n3", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "30 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nmade a lunge with his speiu- and Decatur swung his blade to cut off the\\npoint of his antagonist s spear, but falling on the hardened steel his\\ncutlass broke at the hilt. The Turk followed up his advantage, thrust-\\ning again. The blow would have been mortal had not Decatur turned\\nquickly and caught it on the right arm and breast. At the same instant\\nhe seized the spear and closed with his adversary.\\nThus locked they continued their desperate fight.\\nThe men rushed to aid their respective leaders. A burly Turk sneak-\\ning up behind Decatur had raised his sword to deal him a fatal stroke on\\nthe head. An American sailor saw the situation. Though wounded so\\nbadly that he could use neither hand, with heroic devotion, he inter-\\nposed his own head and received the blow intended for his captain.\\nThe two commanders now sti uggled with quickening breath.\\nDecatur watched his chance and catching him fairly over his hip laid\\nhim, back down, upon the deck.\\nThe Turk drew a dagger and was about to plunge it into Decatur s\\nbody. Seeing the movement he caught his enemy s uplifted arm and,\\nholding it securely the next instant shot him with a pistol.\\nThe Tripolitan crew made no further resistance, and the captain\\nsailed out of the harbor with his second prize.\\nSuch adventures had proved Decatur to be a man of daring tempei*.\\nWhen the war of 1812 broke out his admirers, confident of his mettle,\\nexpected from him a triumphant cruise on his new command, the\\nUnited States.\\nTurning southward, he sought the track of British ^Yest India trad-\\ners. When he reached mid-ocean, some three hundred miles south of\\nthe Azores, the watch sang out: A sail!\\nDecatur soon made it out to be an English ship. He trimmed the\\nsails of his vessel and stood off for the stranger. Both vessels seemed\\nanxious for a fight and soon drew near each other.\\nAt the distance of a mile the enemy brought his guns into play, but\\nto no effect. The United States replied with a broadside.\\nThe two vessels, at wide gun-shot distance, continued to tack-and-\\ntack, exchanging shots as they passed and repassed.\\nThis sort of jday continued for an hour, during winch time the Eng-\\nlishman was the greater sufferer. Finally a well placed shot struck his\\nmizzenmast about ten feet from the deck and felled it with a crash over\\nthe quarter.\\nJack, said a sailor to a chum, we ve made a brig of her.\\nDecatur, who had overheard the remark, interposed:", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN STEPHEN DECATUR. 31\\nTake good aim next time, Jack, and you ll make her a sloop.\\nThe Englishman was so crippled that he tried to close. But the\\nAmerican poured a broadside into him with disastrous effect. The main\\ntopmasts went by the board. The mainyard hung useless and the sails\\nand rigging were in tatters. Even the foremast was splintered and in\\ndanger of falling.\\nThe United States, after delivering this telling blow, tacked under\\na full mizzen-topsail.\\nThe enemy s vessel was unmanageable and drifted helplessly before\\nthe wind. Not realizing the condition of their own boat, and seeing the\\nUnited States bearing off, the British thought she was running away,\\nand sent up three hearty cheers. With premature triumph they ran up\\na flag on the rigging of the mainsail, the only place left to hang one.\\nThe United States, seeing the flag, closed up to renew the attack, but\\nthe Englishman soon pulled down his pennant and surrendered.\\nDecatur brought bis vessel alongside the enemy and, hailing her as\\nhe passed, shouted:\\nWhat s your- name? and Do you surrender?\\nThe Macedonian, came the reply, thirty-eight guns, Captain Car-\\nden commanding. We strike.\\nThe boat was badly cut up. A hundred round shot had penetrated\\nher hull alone, and sails, masts and rigging were all gone. Thii-ty-six\\nmen had been killed and sixty-eight wounded.\\nThe United States, on the other hand, had suffered but little. Only\\na few shot had entered her hull, and, in comparison with the Macedonian,\\nshe was not much injured aloft. The rigging had been cut, of course;\\none of her topgallant masts was gone, and some of the spars badly\\nshattered. Her casualties were five killed and seven wounded.\\nThough the American vessel had a little the advantage in size and\\narmament, the boats were pretty evenly matched. The victory showed\\nagain the superiority of American gunners and seamen, and the exul-\\ntation with which the triumph was hailed was fully justifiable.\\nDecatur at once set about repairing the Macedonian. Her fore and\\nmain masts were braced, and a jury mast rigged up. In this way she\\nwas taken into Newport under her own sail, while the United States\\nwent on to New London.\\nAs soon as he dropped anchor, Decatur sent Lieutenant Hamilton,\\nthe son of the Secretary of the Navy, to Washington. With the\\ndispatches he carried the captured flag of the Macedonian.\\nLieutenant Hamilton arrived in Washington at night. It was a pro-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "32 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\npitious moment. Secretary Hamilton was at a ball given in honor of\\nthe naval officers. All the dignitaries of the state and navy depart-\\nments were present, including President and Mrs. Madison, Commodores\\nHull and Stewart, and Secretary and Mrs. Ilamilton.\\nThe young lieutenant sought his father in the midst of all this gay\\nassemblage. The room was filled with officials, distinguished veterans,\\nliguified matrons, grave senators, resplendent beautj and aspiring\\nfashion.\\nWith proud satisfaction Secretary Hamilton announced the joyful\\nnews. The fact that his son had borne a share in the triumph did not\\ndetract at all from his unbounded pleasure in Decatur s victory.\\nThe announcement was welcomed with a shout that made the hall\\nresound.\\nThe soft strains of the music ceased; the dancers left the floor, and\\nall crowded around young Hamilton. The lieutenant s mother rested\\nproudly on his arm and listened to his story.\\nThe captured flag was brought in and Commodores Hull and Stewart\\nspread it at Mrs. Hamilton s feet.\\nAgain the music sounded. The dancers took their places, and the\\nfestivities were stimulated by emotions of joy and patriotism.\\nDecatur died in 1S20, at the age of forty-one, from a wound received\\nat Bladensburg, in a duel with Commodore Barron. His untimely death\\nwas greatly regretted.\\nCAPTAIN JACOB JONES.\\nScarcely had the first shout of triumph at Decatur s exploit died\\naway, when news of another naval victory came to swell the tide of\\nenthusiasm.\\nCaptain Jacob Jones was destined to show himself a commander fit\\nto fill a place on America s roll of fame, high up on the list of her naval\\nofficers. He was twenty-nine years old when he began his career as\\nmidshipman. But his enthusiasm was as fresh as that of a boy.\\nHis previous life had been restless and changeful.\\nFrom the farm in Delaware, on which he was born, he was sent to a\\nclassical school. Here ho industriously prepared himself for the pro-\\nfession of a physician. He later entered the University of Pennsylvania\\nand was graduated, in due time, as doctor of medicine.\\nHe opened an office in his native place, but a country doctor s life\\nhad no attraction for him and he soon accepted an appointment to the\\nclerkship of the supreme court of Delaware, for Kent County.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN JACOB JONES. 33\\nThis life was no more congenial to bis ambitious spirit than that\\nof an obscure physician. Accordingly, when the opportunity came, in\\n1799, he asked, and obtained, a midshipman s warrant.\\nHe entered upon his new life with so much zeal that he soon acquired\\na thorough knowledge of its duties, and laid the foundation for the posi-\\ntion an able officer alone could fill.\\nIn 1804, Jones was a midshipman on board the Philadelphia. When\\nthat frigate fell into the hands of the pirates on the Barbary coast he\\nsuffered a long and cruel captivity of twenty months among that in-\\nhuman people.\\nHis condition, and that of the rest of the crew, was nothing less than\\nslavery under the Pasha of Tripoli. On their restoration to liberty Jones\\nwas made a lieutenant. By 1811 he had risen to the rank of captain and\\nheld the command of the sloop-of-war Wasp.\\nIn 1812, Captain Jones was sent to the courts of England and France\\nto carry dispatches from the American government.\\nWhile on his way back, war was declared with England. Nothing\\ncould have better pleased Captain Jones than such a state of affairs. He\\nimmediately refitted his vessel and started on a cruise. One small prize\\nwas his only capture.\\nShortly afterward he sailed again and the result was the memorable\\nvictory that placed him on the list of naval heroes.\\nThe Wasp carried a crew of one hundred and fifty men. She mounted\\nsixteen thirty-two pound cannonades, and two long twelve-pounders.\\nThe vessel was beautifully modelled and one of the fastest ships in\\nthe American navy. From the Delaware river the Wasp held eastward\\nto clear the coast and bring her on the track of British vessels sailing\\nnorth.\\nWhen she was three days out such a gale struck her that the jib-\\nboom was carried away and two men who were on it at the time. Dur-\\ning the night the wind quieted but the sea continued rough all the\\nnext day.\\nAbout the middle of the following night the watch reported a sail,\\nthen another and another. Captain Jones deferred an attack, however,\\nuntil daylight should give him a clear view.\\nThe first break of light showed the vessels to be six English mer-\\nchantmen. Four of these were under the convoy of the brig-of-war,\\nFrolic.\\nJones resolved to give battle.\\nThe Englishman was a chivalrous adversary. He waived the aid", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "34 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nof the merchantmen, shortening sail to let them pass, while he waited\\nto do battle alone with the Wasp.\\nThe storm had left a heavy swell on the sea, and the weather was\\nstill boisterous. Casting an eye aloft Jones ordered\\nShip the topgallant-yards, and close-reef the topsails. Clear for\\naction.\\nAt eleven o clock the Frolic showed Spanish colors. The Wasp an-\\nswered with the American ensign and pennant.\\nAt half past eleven the Wasp sailed down to windward of the enemy.\\nWhen she was within sixty yards of the larboard side of the Frolic\\nJones hailed her.\\nFor reply the Englishman hauled down the Spanish colors and ran\\nup the British ensign, at the same time firing with muskets and cannon.\\nThe Wasp was ready for the fray and answered the fire. The ves-\\nsels drew nearer and nearer. The action became close, and the firing\\nincessant.\\nIn a short time the Wasp had her maintopmast carried away. This,\\nwith the yard, fell across the larboard fore and foretopsail braces, mak-\\ning the head yards immanageable during the entire engagement.\\nIn another minute her gaff and mizzen-topgallant sail were shot\\naway.\\nBut these misfortunes did not lessen the fire from her guns.\\nThe heavy swell of the sea made the Wasp roll frightfully, wallow-\\ning first to one side and then the other. Often the muzzles of the guns\\nwere plunged into the water and then lifted clear of the enemy s masts.\\nThe Americans fired as their vessel sank; the English as theirs rose\\non the waves.\\nThis placed every shot from the Wasp s guns either on the deck or\\nin the hull of the Frolic, while the latter vessel sent her shots into\\nthe rigging of the Wasp or far over his head.\\nThe Wasp finally worked her way ahead of her antagonist, raking\\nher from bows to stern. She then resumed her position on the lar-\\nboard bow of the Frolic.\\nCaptain Jones hoped that a raking fire would render boarding un-\\nnecessary. The sea was so rough that they could hardly grapple with-\\nout endangering both vessels, but the Wasp was becoming unman-\\nageable.\\nIn a few minutes more all the braces of his ship were shot away\\nand the sails and rigging so comjjletely cut to pieces that he feared", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN JACOB JONES. 35\\nthat the masts would go by the board and the Frolic be enabled to\\nescape.\\nIn spite of the danger Jones now decided to board at once.\\nWear ship, pilot, he said, and bear down on the enemy.\\nThe Wasp struck the Frolic soundly and in the collision rubbed\\nalong her bow in such a way that the Englishman s jib-boom came be-\\ntween the mizzen and main rigging of the Wasp, just over the heads\\nof Captain Jones and First-Lieutenant Biddle.\\nIt was a splendid chance to rake the Frolic, and Jones withheld\\nthe order to board until he could throw another broadside.\\nWhile they were loading, the two ships lay so close together that\\nthe men on the Wasp thrust their rammers against the Frolic s side.\\nTwo of the guns actually had their muzzles intruding through the\\nenemy s bow-ports, and their fire swept the whole length of the deck.\\nAt this moment one of the sailors of the Wasp known as Jack\\nLang, mounted a gun and, brandishing his cutlass, prepared to board\\nthe enemy. Jack had an old and a long score to settle with the Eng-\\nlish, for he had been impressed at one time by one of their men-of-war.\\nCaptain Jones, wishing to fire a broadside before boarding, ordered\\nthe sailor down. It was too late; he was already on the Frolic s bow-\\nsprit.\\nHis companions rushed forward to follow. Lieutenant Biddle, see-\\ning it was too late to check the movement, gave the order to board.\\nAs the lieutenant himself sprang on the enemy s bowsprit, his\\nfeet became entangled in the rigging. At the same time a midshipman,\\nin his eagerness to follow, grabbed his coat tails and Biddle fell back\\non his own deck.\\nWith the agility of a cat the lieutenant -sprang to his feet, and as\\nthe next swell brought the vessels nearer made good his footing on the\\nFrolic. Jack and another sailor were there before him.\\nThe three passed from the bowsprit along the forecastle without\\nchallenge. From stem to stern there was not a living man except the\\none at the wheel and three officers on the quarter-deck.\\nAs the men made their way aft along the deck they found it slip-\\npery with blood and strewn with the dead. At the quarter-deck the\\ncaptain of the Frolic and the other two officers threw down their SAVords\\nand made token of surrender of the ship.\\nThe colors were still flying. Not one of the British crew would\\nventure aloft for fear of the musket bullets of the Wasp.\\nLieutenant Biddle, therefore, sprang into the rigging and himself", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "36 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nlowered the British ensign. The engagement had lasted just forty-\\nthree minutes.\\nThe Frolic was in a frightful condition.\\nOnly a small proportion of the crew had escaped death or wounds.\\nThe berth-deck was a veritable slaughter-pen; the dead, wounded and\\ndying were mingled in close confusion.\\nCaptain Jones humanely sent his surgeon s mate aboard to care for\\nthe wounded. Blankets were brought from the Frolic s slop-room to\\nadd to the comfort of the suffering.\\nEverything was in confusion on deck, and to cap the climax the\\nFrolic s two masts fell, covering the dead and wounded. This last\\nchapter of misfortunes left the British vessel a complete and helpless\\nwreck.\\nIt had been an equal match. The Frolic had four more guns than\\nthe Wasp; but the latter had the larger crew.\\nThe Frolic was only a brig, to be sure; but she was quite as large\\nas her three-masted antagonist. To judge by the result the Wasp had\\nfar out-fought the Englishman.\\nThe Wasp was badly cut up in her rigging. The hull, however, was\\nhardly touched, and her loss was but five killed and five wounded.\\nOwing to the American method of firing, the Frolic had been hulled\\nat every shot. The crew had consequently been almost completely in-\\ncapacitated or killed, and the vessel was badly damaged.\\nOut of a crew of one hundred and twenty, there were not a score of\\nsound men at the close of the fight.\\nBut who can predict the fortunes of war? Captain Jones had caught\\nsight of another sail to windward. The dead were hastily committed\\nto the deep; the wounded housed; and Lieutenant Biddle transferred\\nto the Frolic, to repair her as best he could and take her to port, if\\npossible.\\nJones, with the Wasp, set off to windward to pursue his cruise. The\\nstranger bore down with all sail set, right for the Frolic. Lieutenant\\nBiddle at first thought her to be one of the British convoy returning\\nto capture the disabled prize.\\nGuns were loaded and preparations made to receive the stranger.\\nThe vessel, however, turned out to be the Poictiers, a British ship of\\nseventy-four guns, under command of Captain Beresford. As he came\\nup he fired a gun over the Frolic s bows and then passed on in pursuit\\nof the Wasp.\\nCaptain Jones did his best to get away. But his sails had been", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN JACOB JONES. 37\\ntorn into shreds and progress was very slow. The big ship Poictiers\\nbore down and soon overtook the Wasp, which lowered her colors to\\nsuch an over-powering foe.\\nThe Poictiers took her prize and the re-captured Frolic and sailed\\naway with them to Bermuda.\\nWhen Captain Jones gained his liberty he returned to the United\\nStates. His misfortune had in no way detracted from his brilliant\\nvictory.\\nA generous and gratified people acknowledged his gallantry by reso-\\nlutions of eulogy, demonstrations, and gifts of gilded swords.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER 111.\\nCAPTAIN ISAAC HULL.\\nThis distinguished naval commander was born at Derby, in Connec-\\nticut, March 9, 1773. When the American navy was established he was\\ngiven a lieutenant s commission and was a brave participant in the at-\\ntack on Tripoli in 1805. On the breaking out of the war of 1812 he was\\nmade captain and given the command of the Constitution.\\nOn July 12th, 1812, Captain Dull sailed the Constitution out of the\\nharbor at Annapolis. On the 17th, while moving under easy sail the\\nwatch reported a vessel; then another, and another five in all!\\nThe meaning was evident. It was a fleet bearing down in company.\\nCaptain Hull, standing on the quarter-deck with glass in hand could\\nmake out one, at least, to be a man-of-war. It soon proved to be the\\nGuerriere, of thirty-eight guns.\\nThe wind was light, but Hull determined to speak her if possible.\\nSpread every stick of sail, ordered the commander. Beat to\\nquarters and clear the deck for action!\\nBut the gentle southerly breeze hardly filled the sails. The two\\nvessels continued to slowly approach each other till ten o clock at night,\\nthen the Constitution shortened sail and raised her signal lights.\\nNo response came. The Constitution waited an hour and then low-\\nered her lights. The sails were again spread. The wind, however, was\\nso very light that little progress was made during the night.\\nJust as the morning watch was sounding the Guerriere sent up a\\nrocket. This was followed by the discharge of two guns.\\nAll night Hull had been eagerly on the lookout. Now, as the day\\ndawned he discovered that seven sails had closed in on him during the\\ndarkness.\\nFrom each masthead floated the English ensign. It was the fleet\\nunder Captain Broke that had been hovering about the coast and that\\nhad captured, besides other craft, the little Nautilus.\\nThe mists of the summer morning cleared away. The sun came out\\nclear and bright, disclosing the position and movements of the enemy.\\nOn Hull s lee quarter were two frigates. Astern were the rest\\n38", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN ISAAC HULL. 39\\nof the squadron. All were doing their best to overhaul the Constitu-\\ntion, and the nearest had reached almost within gunshot.\\nThere was now a dead calm. The sails hung limp from the yards.\\nNot a breath rippled the calm surface of the sea. There was only the\\ngentle and regular rise and fall that proclaims the ocean in repose.\\nHull, howevei was all action. His Yankee wit was equal to the\\noccasion.\\nHe was not going to sit down and let this combination of the enemy\\ntake him without a struggle. He resolved to put forth every effort to\\nsave his vessel.\\nLower the boats! Make fast the lines and tow for your lives! he\\nordered.\\nNot satisfied with this he ordered the guns from the spar-deck and\\nforecastle to be run aft. Two twenty-four pounders were even thrust\\nthrough the cabin windows to serve as stern-firers.\\nThe Shannon was the nearest of the enemy astern. She had fol-\\nlowed the example of the Constitution and had her boats out towing.\\nThe breeze, too, seemed to favor her a little, and she slowly gained on\\nthe American.\\nThe British crew were elated over their progress. Running out a\\ncouple of bow-chasers they blazed away, but the shots fell short.\\nThis could not be so long. The Shannon was gaining every minute\\nand must soon come in range.\\nHull was equal to the new emergency. His skill was as great as\\nhis bravery. Calling an officer he said:\\nCollect all the rope aboard that is not in use. Attach it to the\\nkedge-anchors and run them out in the boats as far as the rope will\\nstretch.\\nWhen the signal announced that the kedge was out Captain Hull\\ngave the command:\\nHeave away!\\nAll hands laid hold of the rope. Their bodies swung in unison to\\nthe sailors Heave, ho, and the proud ship began to move again.\\nKedge after kedge was run out. The Constitution gained percept-\\nibly on her pursuer and the British were kept guessing at the cause\\nof the apparent mystery.\\nFinally the secret was discovered and they set themselves to profit\\nby the Yankee s example.\\nThey began to kedge with considerable success. At nine o clock\\nthe Shannon had got almost within range again. If she once brought", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "40 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nher bow-chasors to bear it -was feared that she might cripple the Con-\\nstitution so that she would fall a helpless victim to the squadron.\\nHull and his crew were still hopeful. Resolutely and coolly they\\nprepared to meet even the last extremity. Everything was made ready\\nto extend the enemy a warm reception with the stern-guns and keep\\nout of the way of the rest of the squadron if possible.\\nWhile the Shannon closed in astern the Guerriere was approaching\\nfrom the starboard quarter.\\nNot a breath of air came to help the weary sailors. Only the swell-\\ning tide beat ominously against the sides of the vessel, portending im-\\npending destruction.\\nIt was a critical moment!\\nIn another hour the final struggle must come unless a change took\\nplace. Every one of the brave men on board did his whole duty. All\\nwere resolutely determined to save the noble Constitution if human\\neffort could do it.\\nFrom the deck an eager watch was kept on the pursuing enemy.\\nThe oarsmen in the two boats pulled manfully at the oars. The strain\\non nerve and muscle was terrific. The exhausting labor and ceaseless\\nwatching had worn out the crew. Oflicers and men relieved each other\\nalternately at duty. When their relief came the former threw them-\\nselves on deck to catch a little rest and the men slept by their guns.\\nAll hands! suddenly piped the bugler.\\nA change had come a wind!\\nGratefully each man gasped for the slight breath of air as if, in\\nvery truth, his own life depended upon it.\\nEven the enemy admired the handsome way this advantage was im-\\nproved. As the breeze was seen coming the sails were trimmed. In\\na moment more the ship was under command and hauled close to the\\nwind on the larboard tack.\\nAll possible canvas was spread. Davits were run up; others lifted\\njust clear of the water by purchases on the outboard spars, ready to\\nbe used at a moment s notice.\\nWhen the ship came by the wind it placed the Guerriere nearly on\\nher lee beam. The frigate opened fire with her broadsides.\\nThe shot fell just short of their mark. In spite of the fusillade the\\nmen on the Constitution hoisted away on their boats as coolly and\\nsteadily as if they were in a friendly port. The exhausted oarsmen had\\nbut a short respite.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN ISAAC HULL. 41\\nIn less than an hour the wind died away again, almost to a dead\\ncalm.\\nOnce again the boats were lowered. Two thousand gallons of water\\nwere pumped out to help lighten the ship and every possible sail that\\nwould draw was set to catch the last whisperings of the dying breeze.\\nThe Shannon now had almost all the boats of her consorts to help\\nher tow, and once more she began to gain on the American vessel.\\nThe Yankee tars, however, made up for lack of numbers by the de-\\ntermination of their efforts. Doggedly they pulled at the oars, from\\nwhich they were only occasionally relieved by a slight breath of wind.\\nEvery puff was skilfully taken advantage of by the officers on the deck.\\nNevertheless, in spite of their bravest efforts, the enemy continued\\nto gain. Slowly the day wore away and at evening several of the ene-\\nmy s ships were within range. They opened with their bow-chasers\\nand the Constitution responded with her stern-guns.\\nNeither side, however, inflicted any damage.\\nThus with towing and kedging and occasional cannonading the\\nweary and anxious hours passed by. At eleven o clock at night a light\\nbreeze from the south again tilled the sails. Quickly the boats dropped\\nalong side, hooked on and were run up. The topgallant sails were\\nset, and the boat gathered headway, while the tired crew thankfully\\nsought a much needed rest.\\nIn an hour the breeze again died away. The doleful flapping of\\nthe sails against the spars had a sad foreboding. But as the enemy\\nhad ceased their efforts the crew were not aroused till break of day.\\nWhen morning fairly came the kedges and boats were out again.\\nA fresh breeze soon dispensed with all other aid and the ship stood off\\nunder her own sail.\\nThe sun, ou that summer day, shone aown on a brilliant scene.\\nThe sea was as smooth as if it had been a lake. The breeze, though\\nslight, was strong enough to fill the sails and relieve the sailors from\\nthe wearisome towing and kedging that had tried their very souls.\\nAn American merchantman that had just come in sight made the\\ntwelfth sail that at that moment was in view of a single observer.\\nFrom their trucks to the water the vessels were a cloud of canvas.\\nThe Constitution led them all and was the proudest of the lot, and,\\nnow that she had a fair chance, was giving an exhibition of her sailing\\nqualities. One by one her relentless pursuers dropped far behind.\\nThe nearest frigate, the Belvidera, was two and a half miles astern.\\nAt noon the wind freshened. The good ship Constitution sprang", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "42 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ngallantly to her work. Kothing that skilful handling could do to aug-\\nment her speed was omitted.\\nBy afternoon she had four miles the lead of the Belvidera, and the\\nremainder of the squadron were out of the race. Though the wind lulled\\ntoward evening, nothing was gained by the enemy.\\nWhen night fell the sky foretold a squall, Avith heavy wind and rain.\\nWith a relentless enemy in pursuit, there was not a moment to spare.\\nCaptain Hull resolved to carrj all his canvas to the very last.\\nTo this end the crew were stationed at the ropes. All was made\\nfast. The good ship moved eagerly through the water as if conscious\\nof the skill that guided her and unmindful of the coming danger.\\nThe vigilant commander was on the alert.\\nWith one eye on the enemj^ s squadron he watched the dai kening\\nhorizon with the other. As the storm gathered and advanced he waited\\ntill its black wings almost fluttered over his ship and she began to\\ntremble as if from dread of approaching fate.\\nA single word wrested her from the impending danger.\\nJust before the storm struck the ship the captain calmly turned to\\nhis lieutenant.\\nAll ready now. Lieutenant, clew up and clew down.\\nIn an incredibly short time all the light canvas was furled. A dou-\\nble reef was taken in the mizzen topsail and the ship brought under\\nshort sail.\\nThe enemy had been less daring. Discretion had prompted them to\\nbe in good time for the squall and all had been made snug before it\\ncame. Thus the Constitution, by a stroke of bold seamanship, had\\ngained a good distance from her pursuers.\\nThe British squadron steered wildly here and there to escape the\\neffects of the storm. But the daring Yankee captain waited only for\\nthe crest of the gale to pass: then, hoisting again the fore and maintop-\\ngallant sails, he fled from the enemy on an easy bowline at the rate of\\neleven knots an hour.\\nWhen the weather cleared the enemy were almost lost to view.\\nThere was little chance now that the Constitution would be overtaken.\\nHowever, the pursuing squadron did not give up the chase until the\\nnext morning. Captain Hull continued northward and anchored in the\\nharbor of Boston.\\nFor three days and nights the Constitution had run for her life from\\na powerful squadron containing some of the fastest ships in the serv-\\nice of Great Britain and commanded by her ablest captains.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN ISAAC HULL. 43\\nHer escape can only be attributed to the consummate skill of Cap-\\ntain Hull and his officers, and the tireless energy of the crew. The\\nglory that they won was no greater than their achievement and perse-\\nverance deserved.\\nCaptain Hull came honestly by his seamanship. His father was a\\nsailor before him. Before our hero entered the navy he had risen from\\nthe forecastle to the quarter-deck of a merchantman.\\nAs a lieutenant and captain, therefore, in his country s service, he\\nhad nothing to learn in sailing a ship, and the skilful handling of a\\nvessel might naturally have been expected of him.\\nHe was yet to show himself as skilful a fighter as he had proved\\nhimself a navigator.\\nCaptain Hull did not linger long in Boston. The flatteries he re-\\nceived, on the accomplishment of his famous exploit, were not to his\\ntaste.\\nWith manly modesty he said to his admiring friends:\\nYou are good enough to give me more credit than I ought to claim.\\nI beg of you to transfer your good wishes to Lieutenant Morris and\\nthe other brave officers, and the crew under my command, for their\\nvery great exertions and prompt attention to my orders while the\\nenemy were in chase.\\nSuch were the words of a generous hearted sailor. Proudly con-\\nscious of his capacity to do great deeds and earn a deserving fame, his\\nheart was big enough to give freely of his wealth of honor to those\\nto whom honor was due.\\nFrom Boston the Constitution cruised northward along the coast\\nand off the mouth of the St. Lawrence. About two o clock on the\\n19th of August the lookout from the masthead reported:\\nA sail to leeward!\\nA little later he announced:\\nA frigate, sir, flying the British flag.\\nWith all sail the Constitution at once made chase.\\nThe English vessel had no intention of flying. Her main topsail\\nwas laid back and she coolly awaited the encounter.\\nWhen Hull saw that there was no need for a chase he furled some\\nof his light canvas. This checked the vessel s headway, and he began\\nto prepare for action.\\nIn quick succession the orders were issued:\\nReef the topsails! Send down the royal yards! Clear the decks!\\nSound the bugle to quarters!", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "44 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nAt five o clock all was ready and the enemy was near enough to\\nopen fire with her long-range guns. Hoisting three English ensigns\\nshe let go a heavy broadside. At the same time her commander tried\\nto wear and handle his ship so as to rake the Constitution.\\nCaptain Hull showed himself the better seaman.\\nIn a moment he saw the intention and defeated the manoeuver. One\\ngun just to show his readiness was all the reply he made to the open-\\ning broadside.\\nHe was holding his fire until he could get the Constitution so\\nclose in that his guns would tell with the fullest effect.\\nAgain the Englishman gallantly showed his willingness to fight\\neven yard-arm to yard-arm. Promptly bearing up he ran off under\\nthree topsails and a jib, keeping the wind on his lee-quarter.\\nA close fight was what Hull was striving for and he at once ac-\\ncepted the Englishman s challenge. Sail was made and the Consti-\\ntution bore up toward her deadly antagonist.\\nAt six o clock the two combatants were within half pistol-shot. Hull\\nnow opened with a heavy fire from all his guns. Each charge was dou-\\nble shotted with round and grape.\\nThe Americans fire was rapid and deadly. In sixteen minutes the\\nenemy s mizzen-mast had been shot away and it fell by the board.\\nThe Constitution now moved slowly ahead. As she passed she threw\\na terrible hail of shot into her adversary, then luffed short about the\\nEnglishman s bows, to avoid being raked.\\nIn executing this movement the two vessels fouled. The enemy s\\nguns almost touched the Constitution s stern and poured in such a\\nclose and hot fire that the cabin was soon in flames.\\nHowever, the lads with the water buckets soon had this under con-\\ntrol.\\nWhen the vessels touched both captains made ready to board. Tne\\nmarines in the tops began to use their muskets with great havoc; but\\nthe British, on account of the loss of their mizzen-mast suffered the\\nmost heavily.\\nLieutenant Morris was shot quite seriously through the body whil?\\ntrying to lash the vessels together. Fortunately it was not a mortal\\none.\\nCaptain Aylwin, the able sailing master, and Lieutenant Bush, of\\nthe marines, were both shot off the taffrail of the Constitution. They\\nwere standing there ready to spring upon the enemy s deck and lead\\nthe boarders.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "NAVAL HERUES IN THE SPAXISH-A.MERICAX WAR", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE DAVID E. FARRAGUT", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN ISAAC HULL. 45\\nCaptain Aylwin was only wounded in the shoulder; but Lieutenant\\nBush had a musket ball through his head and died almost instantly.\\nThe fire on both sides was so hot that neither party found it pos-\\nsible to board. There was, besides, a heavy swell which made the sail-\\nors footing insecure.\\nAccordingly it was with mutual consent that the two vessels filled\\ntheir sails and worked clear of each other. As the Constitution drew\\noff, the foremast of the enemy was cut off and fell, carrying with it\\nthe mainmast.\\nThe English vessel was now a helpless wreck rolling in the trough\\nof the sea.\\nThe Constitution had also suffered much damage and she drew off\\ntemporarily to repair. When she returned, the enemy s flag was still\\nfloating, lashed to the stump of the mizzen-mast. As the Constitution\\nprepared to give a last broadside to her victim, the colors were taken\\ndown.\\nThe captured vessel turned out to be the Guerriere, Captain Dacres\\ncommanding. This gallant officer had been very anxious to meet Hull\\nin combat. He had even so expressed himself by writing an invitation\\nto that purport on the register of a merchantman that he had fallen\\nin with. Now his wish had been fully gratified.\\nThe Guerriere was an absolute wreck. Her masts were gone, her\\nhull riddled and four feet of water stood in the hold. She was of no\\nvalue as a prize and was therefore set on fire and abandoned.\\nThe Americans had seven killed and seven wounded. The sails and\\nrigging were badly cut, but the British fire went so high that little in-\\njury had been done the hull. With a few repairs she was ready for\\nanother fight, even after this desperate engagement.\\nThe Guerriere had seventy-nine men killed or wounded, a third of\\nher entire crew. The engagement occurred off the Massachusetts coast\\nand lasted about thirty minutes.\\nCaptain Hull said of his crew:\\nThey all fought with great bravery. It gives me pleasure to say\\nthat, from the smallest boy on the ship to the oldest seaman, not a\\nlook of fear was seen. They all went into action giving three cheers\\nand requesting to be laid close alongside the enemy.\\nAgain the Constitution came to anchor in Boston harbor. The vic-\\ntorious Hull landed amid the triumphant acclamations of his country-\\nmen. Just two weeks previous General Hull, his uncle, had disgrace-\\nfully surrendered at Detroit.\\n4", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "46 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThe despondent mutterings of the nation suddenly turned into a\\nfull-voiced outburst of joy. The people turned from scorn to pride in\\ntheir little navy and its triumph over the one-time mistress of the seas.\\nAgain American sailors had met, and fought, and conquered a ves-\\nsel of the English navy!\\nIt is true that the Constitution was the larger boat. She carried\\nheavier guns and was better manned; but the contest was verj- nearly\\nequal. At any rate the victory was so decided as to prove conclusively\\nthat American seamanship and courage had nothing to fear from Brit-\\nish ships.\\nCaptain Dacres had been confident in the superiority of the English\\nnavy. It was this confidence that had made him eager to meet an\\nAmerican vessel and finally got him into conflict with Captain Hull\\nand the Constitution.\\nFor many weeks he had been flaunting his flag at the entrance of\\nAmerican harbors. At his masthead he had hoisted a banner with\\nthe significant words:\\n^ot the Little Belt!\\nThis was an insulting allusion to the collision of the frigate Presi-\\ndent with the small boat by that name in May of the preceding year.\\nConfidently he had sailed the Guerriere into battle. She had been\\nskilfully handled. Her officers had acted gallantly and her crew had\\nfought bravely. She had the encouraging prestige of years of British\\nnaval superiority. Yet the English frigate had been vanquished and\\nabsolutely demolished by an American antagonist.\\nThe reverse was an awful blow!\\nThe American naval officers, true to their promise, had begun to give\\ntheir country encouraging victories.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV.\\nCOMMODORE WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE.\\nCommodore William Bainbridge is another of the naval heroes whom\\nAmericans delight to honor. His gallant conduct and enthusiastic\\npatriotism contributed largely to the victories over England and the\\ngrowth of the navy.\\nHe was born in Princeton, New Jersey, on the 7th of May, 1774.\\nHis family was of distinguished origin and traced its descent from Sir\\nArthur Bainbridge, of England. .As a boy he enjoyed all the social\\nprivileges and advantages a youth could ask.\\nHe was naturally daring and enterprising. His active tempera-\\nment and love of athletics made him chafe under the restraints and\\ndiscipline necessary for a liberal education.\\nHis father was a successful physician, and would have preferred\\nhis son to follow in his footsteps. But the boy longed for a life on\\nthe sea. At the age of fifteen, by persistent importunity, he gained\\nhis parents consent to leave home.\\nAt that day there was no American navy. Young Bainbridge, ac-\\ncord ingh-, entered the merchant service.\\nHe had found his right place and rose rapidly. Before he was nine-\\nteen he had obtained comniaud of a shi^i!\\nEven at that early age he gave evidence that he was cut out for a\\nnavigator. The dauntless courage and unflinching resolution of his\\nmaturer manhood were already conspicuous.\\nHe had been appointed master of the ship Hope, of Philadelphia.\\nOn one occasion, while she was lying in the Garonne, on the west coast\\nof France, the captain of another American vessel hailed him.\\n:?end me some of your men to help put down a mutiny, he re-\\nquested.\\nBainbridge hurried to the rescue in person. When the leaders of\\nthe mutiny saw his courageous face and commanding mien they were\\ncowed into instant submission.\\nAt another time he was taking his ship Hope to the West Indian\\nIslands. A British privateer, armed with eight guns and thirty men,\\ncoming down befcre the wind, began an attack.\\n4T", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "48 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThe Hope bad four nine pound guns and a crew of eleven men.\\nThe stranger flew no colors as she opened the attack; but when the\\nHope returned her fire with all four guns, she ran up the English flag.\\nEvidently her captain expected to frighten the Americans with this dis-\\nplay of bunting.\\nBainbridge, however, was not disturbed. The guns were kept at\\nwork. The aim was accurate and the fire persistent. Every shot was\\nmaking itself felt among the men and on the vessel. Finally the priva-\\nteer was forced to lower her flag.\\nThe Hope could not legally take possession of her prize. Neither\\ndid Bainbridge wish to show his weakness by boarding her.\\nHe, therefore, hailed the commander and delivered this message:\\nGo and tell your owners if they want to take the Hope they will\\nhave to send someone beside you to take her.\\nOn the same voyage the Hope was brought to by a shot across her\\nbows from the English man-of-war Indefatigable, commanded by Sir\\nEdward Pellew. A press-gang boarded her and seizing the first-mate\\non the strength of his Scotch name of Allan McKinsey, said:\\nCome with us. You are a Scotchman and a British subject.\\nMcKinsey was, however, a native of Philadelphia, and drawing a\\ncutlass, began to defend himself against the outrage.\\nThe leader of the gang left him alone and pouncing on one of the\\nother sailors as a substitute bore him off. The man protested that he\\nwas an American and his word was confirmed by the Captain; but to\\nno i)urpose.\\nAs the English lieutenant left the deck Bainbridge solemnly swore\\nto him:\\nIf I catch an English vessel I shall take a sailor out of her to fill\\nthe place of the man you have wrongfully snatched from my ship.\\nWithin a week Bainbridge had made good his vow.\\nMeeting an English merchantman, at least the size and strength of\\nthe Hope, he seized one of the sailors. Taking him on board the Hope\\nas one of the crew, he carried him into port.\\nMen of such stuff were wanted in the American navy. Accordingly\\nwhen it was organized, in 1798, the application of Bainbridge for a\\ncommission was readily granted.\\nHe was made lieutenant-commander of the cruiser Retaliation. This\\nboat had been the French privateer La Coyatte, which had been cap-\\ntured by the Delaware, under Captain Stephen Decatur, the father of\\nthe celebrated commodore.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE WILLIAM BALNBRIDGE. 49\\nAmerica was at this time at war with France. On his very first\\ncruise Bainbridge was unfortunate enough to fall in with a large French\\nfleet. He was obliged to strike his colors and was made prisoner, but\\nwas soon released.\\nWhen again he returned to the United States he was made master\\ncommander of the Norfolk, a brig of eighteen guns. While on this\\nvessel he won considerable distinction as a skilful navigator.\\nAs he was convoying more than one hundred American traders out\\nof St. Kitts, the Norfolk, with her fleet, was surprised by a large French\\nfrigate.\\nIt was foolish to offer battle with his little brig!\\nBainbridge, therefore, signaled his convoy to scatter. He then set\\nthe Norfolk to occupy the attention of the frigate. A chase ensued\\nand the Frenchman was led far out of the course of the merchantmen.\\nThe skilful captain kept the Norfolk just out of gunshot until night\\ncame on. Then the pursuer was quietly given the slip. The Norfolk\\nagain spread all canvas and overtook her charges.\\nNot a single vessel out of the one hundred was missing when the\\nNorfolk came into port.\\nAnother successful voyage, this time to the W^est Indies, earned\\nBainbridge the rank of captain.\\nW^ith his advancement came a transfer to the George Washington,\\na former East Indianman.\\nBainbridge was commissioned to carry the tribute to the Dey of\\nAlgiers. This tribute, the United States, in common with the other\\ngreat nations, paid the monarch of that nation of pirates, to buy im-\\nmunity for our vessels from robberj-, murder and slavery.\\nIt was an ignoble service. But Bainbridge executed his commis-\\nsion discreetly, and his manly conduct brought him added honor.\\nThe George Washington was the first vessel of the new American\\nnavy to carry the nation s flag into the Mediterranean.\\nPerhaps because of this the Dey of Algiers thought to put a humilia-\\ntion on the vessel and crew. When the tribute was delivered to the\\ninordinate ruler, he demanded another service of Bainbridge.\\nThis monarch of pirates had tribute to pay himself.\\nHe had incurred the ill will of the Sultan of Turkey, who demanded\\nof the Algerian ruler a half million in gold, slaves, goods and wild\\nbeasts.\\nThis cargo of variously assorted merchandise the Dey had the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "50 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\neffrontery to ask Bainbridge to take on board and carry to Constanti-\\nnople.\\nBainbridgo protested.\\nThe Dev stormed and fumed.\\nThe George Washing-ton s captain had his choice. He could either\\ngo or suffer capture and slavery in Algiers.\\nBainbridge at last yielded his convictions of duty, but only at the\\ninsistence of the American consul. He assured the captain that the\\nservice asked of him was not only usual, but necessary to the protec-\\ntion of American trade.\\nThe George Washington finally sailed. Her decks presented a\\nstrange appearance. There were caged tigers, lions and other beasts.\\nThrongs of Turks crowded the decks and Nubian slaves filled the hold.\\nIt was humiliating beyond measure to Captain Bainbridge that a\\nUnited States war vessel, designed to uphold the honor of the flag,\\nshould be degraded to such a service. Despite the disgrace his sense\\nof humor was hourly aroused by the novelty of the situation.\\nOften, on his return, he made himself the center of an eager circle\\nof listeners, who would roar with laughter at his accounts of that mem-\\norable voyage.\\nThe Mohammedans, you know, he would say, pray pretty nearly\\nall day, and all night too. Well, we used to keep them guessing to\\nkeep their pious faces toward Mecca. Every time the ship tacked there\\nwould be a grand shuffle to get in position. Finally they stationed\\none of the devout at the compass to give the faithful due notice when\\nft was necessary to go about with the ship.\\nWhen the George Washington reached the Straits of Dardanelles\\nBainbridge was afraid of being detained as he had no passport. Ac-\\ncordingly he concluded to slip by the forts.\\nAs if preparing to anchor he ordered:\\nTop-men aloft! Clew up the sails! Lieutenant, dampen the powder\\nand fire the salute!\\nGun for gun was returned from the works, raising clouds of smoke.\\nShielded by this screen Bainbridge hoisted all sail. The frigate took\\nthe wind and at racing speed swept out of range of fort and castle.\\nThe captain then sailed his vessel quietly over the Sea of Marmora and\\nanchored under the walls of Constantin()])le.\\nIt was some time before the astonished Turk realized what had hap-\\npened and still longer before he found out how it happened.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE. 51\\nAn oflQcer of the frigate was sent to report to the Turkish govern-\\nment.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2The United States frigate, George Washington, he said, com-\\nmanded by Captain Bainbridge, awaits your orders!\\nWe know of no such country as the United States, came the reply.\\nThe New World, then, which Columbus discovered, the officer ex-\\nplained.\\nThis seemed to enlighten the Sultan and his court and the usual\\ntokens of amity, a lamb and bunch of flowers, were sent on board.\\nBainbridge, with his great physique and courtly bearing, created a\\ngreat impression at Constantinople.\\nThe Sultan s brother-in-law took an especial liking to him and fre-\\nquently entertained him.\\nThey became so intimate that the Pasha confided to Bainbridge the\\nfact that the governor of the castles, at the straits, was about to lose\\nhis sleepy head for letting the George Washington pass without a per-\\nmit.\\nBainbridge was shocked. He at once shouldered the blame, and,\\nthrough the influence of his distinguished host, prevailed upon the Sul-\\ntan to spare the governor s life.\\nThe hospitality of the Turks was handsomely returned by Bain-\\nbridge on board the George Washington. Even in this respect the\\nreputation of the New World did not suffer in the hands of the Ameri-\\ncan captain.\\nBainbridge prolonged his stay in Constantinople to several weeks.\\nOn January 20th, 1801, the George Washington returned and let go\\nher anchor off the Algerian town. This time she lay out of range of\\ncannon shot.\\nThe crafty old Dey said to Bainbridge:\\nI fear for the safety of your ship. You would better bring her\\nwithin the mole.\\nI thank you; no! firmly replied Bainbridge.\\nBut his Algerian majesty was too sharp for the American. The\\nGeorge Washington had on board some borrowed cannon. These could\\nnot be safely removed without replacing them with ballast.\\nThe despot refused to let this be brought outside and Bainbridge\\nwas forced to bring his vessel in.\\nAgain the George Washington was in the Dey s power! He asked\\nthat the vessel should return to Constantinople to carry his ambassa-\\ndor.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "52 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nBainbridge gave an emphatic, No!\\nThe enraged ruler stormed and threatened. Death or slavery was\\nthe alternative.\\nThe lives of the American ofiBcers and crew were at the mercy of\\nthe barbarian; but Bainbridge was determined not to yield. Fortu-\\nnately he bethought him of a letter of protection from his Turkish friend,\\nthe Sultan s brother-in-law, which he displayed before the tyrant s gaze.\\nThe effect was magical!\\nFrom a raging bull the tyrant was changed to a fawning, servile\\nvassal.\\nNot another word was heard about sending the George Washington\\nto Constantinople. His friendship with the Turkish Pasha had inspired\\nthe Dey with amazing respect for Bainbridge. His servility even went\\nso far that some Frenchmen condemned to slavery were pardoned at\\nthe American s request.\\nLater these men were landed by Bainbridge at Alicant; an act of\\nmagnanimity that was heightened by the fact that France and Amer-\\nica were then at war.\\nBainbridge now returned home. His oriental exploits had won for\\nhim the esteem and confidence of the American people and government.\\nAs a partial reward he was appointed to command the Essex, a fri-\\ngate of thirty-two guns.\\nHe reported at once to Commodore Dale and joined his squadron,\\nthen under orders to sail for the Mediterranean. For a year the Essex\\nperformed good service in helping check the piratical raids of the cor-\\nsairs of the Pasha of Tripoli. He then returned home.\\nIn 1803 Bainbridge was appointed to the command of the Philadel-\\nphia, a frigate of thirty-eight guns. He joined the squadron under\\nCommodore Preble and again sailed for the Mediterranean.\\nEach vessel sailed separately, as it was made ready for sea. The\\nPhiladelphia entered the Straits of Gibraltar and soon captured a Mo-\\nrocco cruiser. She then sailed for Tripoli.\\nHere she ran aground while chasing a pirate vessel and was taken\\npossession of by the barbarians.\\nFor a year and seven months Captain Bainbridge and his crew suf-\\nfered the horrors of captivity and slavery. One night through the\\ncracks of their prison walls they saw the sky lighted up by the flames\\nof the Philadelphia. The blaze told of the success of young Decatur s\\ndaring exploit.\\nAgain, on the 1st of August, 1804, the weary prisoners beheld from", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE. 53\\ntheir windows the gathering of a fleet. The glorious Stars and Stripes\\nfloated from every masthead. It betokened a long-delayed revenge for\\nthe oft-repeated wrongs and insults of the Tripolitans.\\nThe fleet stood boldly in for the harbor. Within its protection lay\\na horde of corsairs manned by the insolent sea-robbers.\\nIt was an intensely exciting moment for these American spectators.\\nTheir country s boats had never looked so beautiful before. The hardy\\nsailors had never seemed to handle their craft with such skill.\\nTheir eyes were strained to see the flash of guns that momentarily\\nlighted the gathering clouds of smoke, while their ears were quick to\\ncatch the thunder of cannon. They chafed more than ever before under\\nthe restraint that kept them, at that moment, from the decks where\\ntheir brave shipmates were fighting.\\nLouder grew the din of battle; more lurid the smoke.\\nThe conflict was at its height!\\nShot fell thick and fast. Now and then a shell threw the spray\\nhigh up on the walls of their rock-built prison.\\nIn the midst of the mingled roar of Turkish batteries and cruisers,\\nand American broadsides, the wind rolled back the cloud of smoke for\\njust a moment. Through the rift appeared the glorious frigate Consti-\\ntution. Her banner flew proudly aloft and the men in the tops gath-\\nered in the sail as coolly as if she were coming to anchor in her native\\nharbor.\\nThey saw, too, the heroic Decatur, as he broke the line of Turkish\\ngunboats. On he went past corsairs and castle batteries to avenge the\\nmurder of his brother and his country s wrongs.\\nThe view was too imperfect for Bainbridge and his companions to\\ntell how the day was going, nor did their captors take the pains to\\ninform them.\\nFor four weeks the prisoners lay in ignorance, then they were\\naroused at night by the firing of guns.\\nOnce more they sprang to their watch by the windows.\\nThe cannon ceased. Here and there a little speck of light shone\\nout of the darkness, as of a ship s lantern swinging with the gentle\\nswell of the sea.\\nThen for a moment the night seemed to pass away. Sky, sea, and\\ncastle were illuminated by a flash of light that brought men, guns and\\nbatteries into view with awful distinctness.\\nDarkness was accompanied by the sound of an explosion that shook", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "54 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ntower and castle and caused the ships to reel and pull at their anchors.\\nEvery heart stood still with fear.\\nIn a moment all was over!\\nSilence ruled the night.\\nThe darkness was the pall which great Nature spread over the gal-\\nlant Somers and his crew.\\nThe Intrepid had exploded while making an attack on the enemy.\\nNot a man was left to tell the history of the catastrophe.\\nKnowing the daring of her heroic commander, Somers friends were\\nfirm in their belief that he fired the magazine of his own vessel to pre-\\nvent her from falling into the hands of his overpowering foe.\\nThe attack resulted in the restoration of the prisoners and a cessa-\\ntion of piratical raids on American commerce.\\nCaptain Baiubridge now returned to America. In his youth he had\\nmarried a beautiful girl, the daughter of a governor of one of the West\\nIndian Islands. Their union had been blest by several children, and\\nhe found it difficult to care for this growing family on a salary of six\\nhundred dollars a year. lie therefore sought to improve his fortune.\\nHe asked and obtained a leave of absence. During this vacation he\\nmade several trips in the merchant service. They proved remunerative\\nand he continued in the service until he heard of the declaration of war\\nwith England in June, 1S12.\\nHurrying to Washington he at once presented himself for duty. By\\nhis energy and patriotism, in coujunt-tion with Commodore Stewart, he\\nsucceeded in arousing the naval department from a timid and disgrace-\\nful lethargy.\\nHe confidently promised the government victories. Now he was\\nready and anxious to fulfil his pledge.\\nHis words were effective, and he was appointed to command the\\nConstellation. In a few weeks, to his satisfaction, he was transferred\\nto the Constitution. The gallant Hull was sated with victory and had\\ngenerously offered to give up this vessel out of consideration for his\\nfellow commanders.\\nBainbridge was now a commodore, and in command of a squadron.\\nIt was a proud moment for him when he hoisted his broad pennant on\\nboard the Constitution, determined to justify the confidence of his coun-\\ntrymen.\\nBesides the Constitution he had in his squadron the Essex, of thirty-\\ntwo guns, under Captain David Porter, and the sloop Hornet, of eigh-\\nteen guns, under Captain James Lawrence. Accompanied by these ves-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE. 55\\nsels the commodore set sail for a cruise in the south Atlantic in search\\nof English East Indianmen.\\nThe Constitution and Hornet sailed in company. The Essex was\\nrefitting and Bainbridge ordered her to join them on the coast of South\\nAmerica. She, however, missed the meeting place, and became involved\\nin a series of memorable adventures.\\nIn due course of time the Constitution and Hornet arrived off San\\nSalvador.\\nThe Hornet entered the harbor. There she found the British cruiser,\\nLa Bonne Citoyenne, lying at anchor. Lawrence could not attack in\\na neutral harbor; but he at once sent an officer to Captain Green to\\nsay:\\nCaptain Lawrence will await you on the high sea to settle, by force\\nof arms, which is the superior vessel. And, though ours is the smaller\\nboat, he pledges his word that neither the Constitution nor any other\\nAmerican boat shall interfere.\\nCaptain Green declined the chivalrous challenge, declaring:\\nThough I m satisfied that the result of such an encounter would be\\nfavorable to iny ship, I m equally convinced that Commodore Bainbridge\\ncannot swerve so much from the paramount duty that he owes his coun-\\ntry as to become an inactive spectator and see Lis ship, belonging to\\na squadron under his command, fall into the hands of an enemy.\\nCommodore Bainbridge promptly removed the Englishman s anxiety\\nby sailing away. The Hornet was now left alone.\\nStill Captain Green declined the daring challenge. The fact was\\nhe had on board a large amount of specie entrusted to his keeping,\\nwhich he did not v.ish to endanger. However, he gave out the insult-\\ning excuse that he distrusted the word of Bainbridge and Lawrence.\\nThe Constitution sailed down the coast to the southward, while her\\nconsort lay off San Salvador keeping the La Bonne Citoyonne blockaded\\nfor a month.\\nWhen three days out the watch on the Constitution sang out:\\nTwo sail, in shore and to windward.\\nOne turned her course toward the shore; the other toward the Con-\\nstitution. From this it seemed evident that the latter was an enemy s\\nfrigate, closing in fur action.\\nBainbridge was confident of his ship, officers, and crew. Almost\\nevery man on board bad shared Hull s victory over the Guerriere.\\nWith him on the quarter-deck Avere the old officers. Porter, Shubrick", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "56 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nand Hoffman. Her old master, Alwyn, still sailed the ship, and now\\nsent her speeding to the encounter.\\nIt was a quarter of eleven as the Constitution tacked to the north-\\nwest and stood toward the approaching frigate.\\nIn a few minutes the sailing master addressed the pilot.\\nPut her round to east by south. And to the sailors he said:\\nUp aloft! Haul up the mainsail. Take in her royal-yards.\\nIn half an hour he set them again to draw off the stranger from\\nthe coast and increase the distance between her and her companion.\\nAt noon the Constitution again took in her mainsail and royals.\\nThe ensign and pennant went up and she stood dead ahead for the\\nenemy.\\nThe stranger answered with the English colors. She was bearing\\ndown in position to rake; but the Commodore sang out to the pilot:\\nWear ship.\\nThe Constitution came handsomely around out of danger.\\nThe Englishman was now only a half mile to windward. No colors,\\nexcept the union-jack flying at the mizzen-top, could be seen.\\nCalling the captain of the forward gun crew, Bainbridge said:\\nLet go a solid shot over the stranger s bows and see if she won t\\nshake out some more colors.\\nThe shot was understood. Up went the proper bunting and the\\nConstitution welcomed it with a broadside.\\nThe enemy returned her broadside. The action was now on. Round\\nshot and grape poured in from each vessel, gun answering gun and\\nboth tacking to rake and avoid being raked.\\nBainbridge crowded up on the enemy; but she warily retreated at\\neach advance.\\nIn the very first exchange of shots Bainbridge had been wounded\\nin the hip. The next round sent a shot that tore away the Constitu-\\ntion s wheel and sent a copper bolt flying into his thigh. The gallant\\ncommodore did not stop for either wound.\\nThe wheel was a serious loss. The enemy was the better sailer in\\nthe light wind and she kept on the alert to get a chance to rake. With\\nthe wheel gone it kept the Constitution s crew busy to avoid the enemy s\\npurpose.\\nBainbridge soon wearied of this fatiguing maneuvering.\\nRake or no rake, he said, I m going to close. Set the fore and\\nmain sails, Alwyn, and luff up close.\\nThe enemy now found himself hard pressed and suffering from the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE. 57\\nnearer fire. He attempted to run the Constitution aboard, but in the\\non-set ran his jib-boom foul of the Constitution s mizzen-rigging.\\nIt was only a short advantage to the Englishman. The American\\nguns shot away the bowsprit and foremast and the boats worked clear\\nof each other.\\nThe English vessel now suffered severely. The maintopmast fell:\\nthen the spanker-boom. A little later over went the mizzen-mast.\\nAt four o clock the enemy s fire was silenced. The colors in the\\nmain rigging were down, and, says Bainbridge, we supposed she had\\nstruck. We then shot ahead to repair our rigging, which was badly\\ncut, leaving the enemy a complete wreck.\\nWe soon discovered the enemy s flag was still flying.\\nAfter twenty minutes we wore ship and stood again for the enemy.\\nGetting close and in an effectual raking position we were about to\\nfire, when the enemy prudently struck her flag.\\nThe Constitution came out of the battle comparatively little injured.\\nHer rigging was cut and sails slit; but every mast and spar was in its\\nplace, and her royal yard intact.\\nWhat a contrast to the enemy!\\nInch by inch every stick had been shot away till only stumps re-\\nmained.\\nWhen the enemy lowered her colors Commodore Bainbridge sent an\\nofficer to receive her surrender. The vessel was the Java, carrying for-\\nty-nine guns and four hundred men.\\nThe loss of life, from officers to midshipmen, had been terrific. The\\nEnglish themselves reported a hundred and twenty-four casualties.\\nCaptain Lambert had been mortally wounded.\\nOn board the Java were Lieutenant-General Hislop and staff, on\\ntheir way to India. They were transferred to the Constitution. Bain-\\nbridge received them with that characteristic courtesy and kindness\\nwhich always marks the conduct of the generous conqueror.\\nThe Java was a total wreck. Officers and crew were at once put\\non the Constitution; the wheel removed to replace the one that had\\nbeen torn away; and then the ill fated frigate was blown up.\\nThe Constitution s loss was nine killed and twenty-five wounded.\\nAmong the dead was the gallant Alwyn, who for his skill as a sailing-\\nmaster in the battle with the Guerriere, had been given a lieutenantcy.\\nThe wounds of Commodore Bainbridge were serious and threatened\\nlockjaw. But he insisted on remaining on deck that night until eleven", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "58 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\no clock, busily engaged in looking after bis ship and the comfort of the\\nwounded and suffering.\\nThis prolonged fatigue and action irritated and inflamed the ugly\\nwound made by the copper bolt. Fever set in and the Commodore s life\\nhung in the balance. A strong constitution and skilful surgery finally\\ntriumphed.\\nBainbridge put back at once for San Salvador. Here the courteous\\nand magnanimous Commodore returned Captain Lambert s sword.\\nThe Englishman was on a cot, on the quarterdeck of the Constitution.\\nStill suffering from his injuries and supported by two officers, Bain-\\nbridge approached him. Handing the dying captain the sword he had\\nso valiantly carried, but which he would never wield again, he said:\\nCaptain Lambert, I regret the misfortune that has overtaken you.\\nI return 3 our sword in token of your gallant conduct, and hope for your\\nverj speedy recovery. It was, sir, a hard-fought battle, and you did\\nhonor to your flag and country.\\nFeebly Captain Lambert grasped his swoi d. With a faint smile he\\nwelcomed this generous recognition of a fallen foe.\\nIn a few hours the brave Englishman expired, but the balm of human\\nfellowship that had been poured on his heart by the few words from\\nBainbridge cheered his last sad moments.\\nThe consideration that General Ilislop and his men had received at\\nthe hands of Bainbridge was acknowledged by the gift of a handsome\\nsword.\\nLieutenant Chadd, who was next in command, when Lambert was\\nwounded, wrote t(j the British government:\\nI cannot conclude this letter without expressing my gratified ac-\\nknowledgment thus publicly for the generous treatment Captain Lam-\\nbert and his officers have experienced from his gallant enemy, Commo-\\ndore Bainbridge and his officers.\\nAdmiral Jarvis declared of Bainbridge:\\nHis deportment towards his prisoners resembles the proud bearing\\nof a grandee of Spain, in the days of her chivalry. This trait of national\\ncharacter, which indicates so much of future greatness, gives me, as an\\nEnglishman, much uneasiness and apprehension.\\nBainbridge now hastened home for repairs and reached Boston Feb-\\nruary 27, 181.3.\\nThe victor was welcomed with acclamations of praise. He was ap-\\npointed to the command of the navy yard at Charlestown. Here the spv-\\nentv-four-gun ship Independence was building, on which Bainbridge", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE. 59\\nhoped gome day to fly his broad pennant and win new laurels on the sea.\\nThe war closed before the Independence went into service. Bain-\\nbridge made two uneventful trips to the Mediterranean and retired to\\nshore duty. He served successively as head of the Board of Naval Com-\\nmissioners, and commander of the navy yards at Philadelphia and\\nCharlestown, Mass.\\nHe died at Philadelpnia, July 28, 1833, at the age of fifty-nine.\\nIn the delirium of his last moments, he rose and called for his arms.\\nAll hands stand by to board the enemy, he said, as the memory of\\nby-gone scenes came back. But in a moment more he was forced to\\nstrike to the common conqueror of all men Death. The hero was at\\nlast vanquished.\\nCAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE.\\nJames Lawrence Avas a native of New Jersey. He was born at Bur-\\nlington the 1st of October, 1781.\\nHis father designed that he should practice law. Accordingly he\\ndevoted two years of his early manhood to the study of this profession,\\nbut its pursuit proved uncongenial.\\nWhen the lad was but twelve years of age he had expressed a desire\\nfor the sea, and now, when the dull technicalities of law had thoroughly\\ndisgusted him, he turned again, with reawakened longings, to his boyish\\nfancy for the adventurous life of a sailor.\\nSo intense was his distaste for Blackstone and his ilk, that he was\\nallowed to indulge his nautical longings. Three months were spent\\nunder the tuition of Mr. Grisconib, of Burlington acquiring the princi-\\nples of navigation and naval tactics.\\nAt the age of sixteen he obtained a warrant as a midshipman in rhe\\nnavy, and went on a cruise to the West Indies, in the ship Ganges. This,\\nand subsequent voyages, inured the young midshipman to the hardships\\nof the sea and acquainted him with his duties.\\nCorrectness of deportment and suavity of manner won the esteem of\\nhis associates. When war was declared against Tripoli, in 1801, the\\nmidshipman Lawrence was made a lieutenant, and was appointed to\\ncommand the schooner Enterprise. While serving in this capacity he\\nattracted the eye of Decatur. He soon became first lieutenant under\\nthe great commander, and when a brave and unflinching officer was\\nwanted to undertake the burning of the frigate Philadelphia, in the\\nharbor of Tripoli, Lawrence was detailed for the hazardous enterprise.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "60 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nAs he watched the spirited and successful exploit, Decatur re-\\nmarked\\nThere is no more dodge about him than about the mainmast.\\nTwo months extra pay was the extent of the reward voted by Con-\\ngress for the gallant service Lawrence had rendered. It was too paltry\\nto accept. His sense of patriotism and justice was insulted and he\\nindignantly declined the reward.\\nWith sturdy devotion to duty, he nevertheless continued to serve his\\nflag. The consciousness of the paramount claims of his country was\\nnever obscured by the meager generosity of its government. His faith\\nin the final award of fame was unshaken.\\nLawrence served three and a half years in the Mediterranean, the\\nearly training school for American naval officers. After a brief visit\\nto the United States he was again dispatched to the same station, in\\ncommand of a gunboat, where he remained for sixteen months.\\nEvery opportunity for service was improved. With experience came\\nadvancement. He served successively as first lieutenant of the Consti-\\ntution, commander of the Vixen, Wasp and Argus.\\nIn 1808 he was married to Miss Montaudevert, of New York. This\\nwas a most happy incident of his life. He showed his deep love by the\\ntenderest kindness and affection for his wife.\\nWhen war with England broke out, in 1812, Lawrence was placed in\\ncommand of the Hornet. With his vessel he joined the squadron which\\nsailed on the first cruise under Commodore Rogers.\\nWhen Lawrence returned he found that Lieutenant Morris, who had\\ngallantly seconded Hull, in the victorious struggle with the Guerriere,\\nhad been promoted to a post-captaincy over himself and other senior\\nofficers.\\nStung by such unjust preference Lawrence addressed a memorial to\\nthe Senate and a letter to the Secretary of the Navy respectfully pro-\\ntesting against such promotion, contrary to the rules of naval prece-\\ndence, and declaring:\\nIf I am thus to be unjustly outranked, I shall be obliged, though re-\\nluctantly, to abandon the service.\\nThis brought forth a short, cold-blooded note from the Secretary.\\nThat functionary, with bitter curtness, remarked\\nIf you think proper to leave the service without a cause, there will\\nstill remain heroes and patriots to support the honor of the flag.\\nThe laconic severity of this reply was calculated to cut a man of\\nLawrence s sensitive feeling to the heart. His remonstrance had been", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE JAMES LAWRENCE", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "X", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE. CI\\njust and candid and should not have provoked such an unfeeling reply.\\nFortunately, before it was delivered, Lawrence had sailed on that\\nmemorable cruise with Commodore Bainbridge, who, with the Consti-\\ntution, conquered the Java. Lawrence, though failing to provoke the\\nCitoyenne to battle, fell in with the Peacock, on the way home, and won\\nthe second famous victory.\\nWhen he reached home he was welcomed by a wave of popular ap-\\nplause that bore him at once to fame. This swept away all unpleasant-\\nness with the Navy Department.\\nIn addition to the generous feeling of the public the Senate had con-\\nferred the rank of Post-Captain on Lawrence during his absence. Soon\\nafter his return he was offered the command of the Constitution, pro-\\nvided Captains Evans and Porter, who were senior officers, did not\\nobject.\\nSuch a condition was promptly objected to by Lawrence, and the\\nappointment was then made without qualification. What was his sur-\\nprise next day to find that he had been suddenly transferred to the com-\\nmand of the ill-fated Chesapeake.\\nCaptain Lawrence was disappointed at the change. The Chesapeake\\nwas considered the worst vessel in the navy and had been under the ban\\nof the sailors superstition ever since her inglorious collision with the\\nLeopard in ISOS. Lawrence theref(\u00c2\u00bbre wrote the Secretary of the Navy\\nthat he would prefer to remain in command of the Hornet.\\nBesides the consideration of the character of the vessel, Captain Law-\\nrence had been absent most of the time since his marriage, and an im-\\npending domestic event induced him to desire to remain a few months\\nlonger on shore.\\nNo consideration was given his repeated letters to the Secretary.\\nUnder the circumstances he felt obliged to take command of the Chesa-\\npeake and reluctantly he proceeded to fit and man her for service.\\nThe unlucky ship lay in Boston roads, nearly ready for sea, when,\\non June 1st, 1813, the British frigate Shannon appeared in the bay.\\nThe gallant Englishman, Captain Broke, had contemplated with bit-\\nter disappointment, the repeated triumphs of American ships. He had\\ndiligently studied the causes. He hoped, with true British patriotism,\\nto restore the ancient naval glory of his country.\\nExperience had taught him the superiority of the American gunners.\\nTo cope with them he had devoted several j^ears to the training of his\\nown sailors by target practice.\\nWith a picked and carefully trained crew he now entered Boston", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "62 SPLENDID DEEDS OX SEA AXD LAXD.\\nHarbor. Signals were run up expressive of a challenge to the Chesa-\\npeake.\\nEven before this Captain Broke had written a letter to Lawrence,\\nsaying:\\nAs the Chesapeake appears to be now ready for sea, I request you\\nwill do me the favor to meet the Shannon with her, ship to ship, to try\\nthe fortunes of our respective flags.\\nAll interruption shall be provided against. I entreat you, sir, not\\nto imagine that I am urged by mere personal vanity to the wish of\\nmeeting the Chesapeake. We have both nobler motives.\\nYou will feel it as a compliment, if I say that the result of our meet-\\ning may be the most grateful service I can render to my country; and I\\ndoubt not that you, equally confident of success, will feel convinced that\\nit is only by repeated triumphs, in even combat, that you can console\\nyour country for the loss of that trade it can no longer protect.\\nFavor me with a speedy reply. We are short of prorisions and\\nwater, and cannot remain here long.\\nWithout hesitation the brave and impetuous Lawrence accepted the\\nchallenge.\\nThe Chesapeake s regular crew fell short of its full complement. En-\\ntrained landsmen took the places of sailors and marines at the last mo-\\nment. The regular crew were almost mutinous because they had not yet\\nbeen paid the prize money due them from the previous voyage. Mauy of\\nthese men were foreigners, lead by a boatswain s mate, an ill-natured\\nPortuguese.\\nUnder ordinary circumstances, discipline would have called for in-\\nstant punishment. But Lawrence was bent on battle. He was forced to\\nwaive the usually prompt administration of justice, and pacify the men\\nby temporizing with them.\\nEverything on board was confusion. The captain had himself joined\\nthe vessel only a few days before. His first lieutenant was ill on shore;\\nwhile young Ludlow, acting first lieutenant, was an inexperienced, but\\npromising ofiicer.\\nIn order to fill out the officers list two men from the midshipman s\\nrank were obliged to serve as third and fourth lieutenants.\\nOn June 1st the Chesapeake lifted her anchor. A gentle breeze from\\nthe southwest filled out her sails, and she stood off to meet her antag-\\nonist. The Shannon with flying colors was moving back and forth with\\ndefiant air just off the harbor.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE. 63\\nThe day was fine. Crowds gathered on the green heights of Boston\\noverlooking the bay.\\nThe young boys climbed into the trees. Men and women stood in\\ngroups in the shade. Eager patriots were perched upon the housetops.\\nSailors climbed the masts and sat in the rigging. All eyes were intent\\non the impending duel.\\nThe harbor itself was thronged with boats. Their innumerable sails\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0,vere widely spread and fairly whitened the bay.\\nTriumph after triumph had taught the Americans to expect victory.\\nThey believed their ships were invincible. Each spectator therefore\\nwatched the approach of the deadly encounter with confident expecta-\\ntion of success. Lawrence alone was distrustful. As he trod the deck of\\nhis unlucky vessel amid an incompetent and mutinous crew he felt no\\nfaith in anything except his own dauntless spirit.\\nAs the ships approached he ordered the white flag run up, on which\\nwas the motto:\\nFree trade and sailors rights.\\nIn a manly way he reminded his men of their duty. A murmur of\\ndiscontent was their reply. The Portuguese boatswain was emboldened\\nto insolence by the situation. Acting as spokesman for the crew he com-\\nplained that the men had not been paid their prize money.\\nAgain there was no time for punishment. Forcing down his wrath,\\nCaptain Lawrence turned to the purser and said:\\nTake the men below and give each the order for his prize money.\\nThus they went to battle, the crew feeling insolent and independ-\\nent, the commander distrustful of an obedience momentarily won only\\nby concession.\\nOn the Shannon all was enthusiasm. The captain had known every\\nman on board for years. Each one looked on him as a friend, and thus\\nthere was perfect unanimity of feeling.\\nIn place of a murmur of discontent, Broke s words to the crew were\\nanswered with a responsive spirit.\\nCheer upon cheer followed his harangue. Men, I know you will do\\nyour duty.\\nAs the Chesapeake bore down the Shannon stood off under easy sail.\\nA shot fired by Captain Lawrence soon brought her to.\\nIt was now about four o clock. The two vessels Avere within gun-\\nshot. The decks were cleared for action, but neither side opened fire.\\nLawrence resolved at once to close with the Shannon and fight it out", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "G4 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nat close quarters. The Chesapeake, under full topsail and jib, was fast\\noverhauling the enemy, who was waiting under reefed topsail.\\nAs the two boats began to overlap the Shannon opened fire. She\\nstarted with her cabin guns first, following with the rest on the star-\\nboard side in succession as the Chesapeake moved along.\\nLawrence, on the other hand, held his fire till every gun bore well\\nupon the enemy. Then he delivered a terrible broadside. Ship fired into\\nship without ceasing for six or eight minutes. The effect was murderous\\non both sides.\\nUnluckily, as the Chesapeake was passing and receiving the first fire\\nof her antagonist she had her foretopsail-tie and jib sheet shot away. At\\nthe same time her spanker brails were loosened and her sail flew out.\\nTo add to the misfortune the sailing master was shot dead. A mo-\\nment later the fourth lieutenant was mortally wounded.\\nCaptain Lawrence himself was wounded in the leg by a ball. Prop-\\nping himself against the companion way he continued to give his orders.\\nHis deliberation and coolness were superb.\\nThe man at the wheel fell dead. Then another; then a third.\\nThe injury to her sails, the loss of the sailing master and the rapid\\nfatality of the men at the wheel made the Chesapeake almost unman-\\nageable. She backed and got sternway. This brought her foul of the\\nShannon, whose anchor fluke at the same moment caught in the Chesa-\\npeake s rigging.\\nOrder the boarders to stand by, commanded Lawrence, when he\\nsaw his ship was foul of the Shannon.\\nBut the negro bugleman was nowhere to be found. When at last he\\nwas routed out from below the stern of the launch-boat on deck, he was\\ntoo scared to be of any use. Ilis trembling lips refused to sound a note.\\nPass the word below for the boarders to stand by I cried Lawrence.\\nHe had scarcely uttered the command when he was again shot with\\na musket ball; this time through the body.\\nAll this time the Chesapeake lay close and fast to her enemy. The\\nShannon .o])t up a raking fire that swept the Chesapeake s upper deck.\\nThe American sailors were without a commander. The cannonading\\nwas terrific and the slaughter so awful that the men could no longer\\nserve the guns. No one was able to act in the emergency. Above and\\nbelow confusion reigned.\\nCajitain Broke took advantage of the situation and gave the order\\n1() board the enemy. As he himself, leading the men, sprang on the deck\\nof the Chesapeake her wounded commander was being carried away.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE. 65\\nLooking for the last time ou Lis flag still flying he cried with heroic\\ndetermination:\\nDon t give up the ship!\\nHis appeal fell on deaf ears. The Englishman found few to resist\\nhim. As the boarders came pouring over the stern the mutinous boat-\\nswain cried out:\\nSo much for not paying the men their prize money!\\nTwo or three of the young olUcers Avho were left nobly called to the\\nmen to rally on the forecastle. A few responded. A last but vain stand\\nwas made by the little band.\\nThe enemy continued to throng over the rail. There was no one on\\ndeck to longer oppose them, and they hauled down the American colors.\\nIn another moment the British flag floated in its place.\\nThe firing ceased. Lawrence was conscious of the sudden silence.\\nFor a moment he forgot his agonies and said to the surgeon:\\nGo quick! Tell them on deck to fight till the last and not to strike\\nthe colors, for they shall wave while I live!\\nIt was too late!\\nYoung Ludlow, mortally wounded by a saber cut on the head, was the\\nonly ofiicer on deck. Finding further resistance futile, he gave up the\\nship.\\nThe havoc had been fearful. Forty-eight men lay dead on the Chesa-\\npeake and ninety-eight wounded. On the Shannon twenty-three were\\nkilled and fifty-six wounded.\\nBoth ships immediately set sail for Halifax. Captain Lawrence and\\nhis first lieutenant lay in the wardroom of their vessel, where they had\\nbeen carried. Both expired soon after reaching Halifax. Wrapped in\\ntheir country s flag, which they had given their lives to defend, they\\nwere buried with militarj- honors by the British seamen.\\nLawrence was a man of noble stature and fine personal appearance.\\nHe was a gentleman and a tyi)ical American sailor and dearly beloved by\\nhis friends.\\nHe was quick and impetuous in his feelings, but in all critical situa-\\ntions his coolness was remarkable.\\nHis death mainly secured the victory for the British, for had he lived\\nhe would have stood by the sentiment of his dying words:\\nDon t give up the ship!\\nSixteen of his thirty-two years had been spent in the service of his\\ncountry, and his supreme devotion to her interests was gratefully re-\\nmembered bv the nation.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V.\\nCOMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY.\\nAs McDonough is the hero of Lake Champlain, so is Oliver Hazard\\nPerry the hero of Lake Erie. He was born at South Kingston, Rhode\\nIsland, on the shore of Narragansett Bay, August 21st, 1785.\\nYoung Oliver loved the sea from his earliest childhood, and his long-\\ning for a sailor s life may be considered as one of inheritance and en-\\nvironment. At the age of fourteen he was given a midshipman s war-\\nrant to serve on the small frigate, the General Greene. This ves.sel had\\nbeen constructed by the elder Perry, who had served as a privateersman\\nduring the Revolutionary war.\\nBy successive .steps Oliver rose to the command of the squadron on\\nLake Erie, whose conflict with the British vessels was to immortalize\\nhis name.\\nThe American fleet was at Middle Sister, fifteen miles from Maiden,\\nwhere the British fleet was at anchor. Word was brought to Perry that\\nthe enemy Avas about to sail out of Maiden. They were anxious to re-\\nopen communication with the depot at Long Point, even if they had to\\nfight Perry to do it.\\nThe American fleet repaired to Put-in-Bay to prepare for the com-\\ning struggle.\\nPerry was Iceen for the attack.\\nHe had made every preparation for the contest. Calling the com-\\nmanding officers by signal to the Lawrence, in a few words he gave\\nthem their final instructions. He then unfolded a blue flag, on which\\nwas the inscription:\\nDon t give up the ship!\\nThis, said he, is the signal for action.\\nAs the officers were about to leave, he said:\\nIt is my intention to bring the enemy to close quarters from the\\nfirst, and I cannot advise you better than in the words of Lonl Nelson:\\nIf you lay your enemy close alongside, you cannot be out of your\\nplace.\\nAs soon as the approach of the British was reported, Perry ordered\\nthe signal raised:\\n66", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY. 67\\nGet under way.\\nIn a few minutes every vessel had its sail stretched and was beating\\nout of the harbor against a light head wind.\\nPerry s object was to sail to the windward of the islands that inter-\\nposed between the now approaching fleets. This would give him the\\nimportant advantage of the weather-gage to bear down upon the enemy.\\nThe wind, however, was very light and shifting. No headway was\\ngained by the incessant tacking and at nine o clock Perry s patience was\\nexhausted.\\nGoing to his sailing master he said:\\nMr. Taylor, wear ship, and run to the leeward of the islands!\\nThen we ll have to engage the enemy from the leeward objected\\nthe captain.\\nI don t cai-e to windward or to leeward they shall fight to-day!\\nreplied Perry.\\nThe signal was run up:\\nWear ship.\\nBut when the manoeuver was taking place the wind shifted. Quickly\\nthe signal was changed and the fleet bore clear of the islands on the\\nweather-gage.\\nThe day was beautifully clear. It was one of the most brilliant of\\nautumn days. The waters of the lake reflected the flecks of cloud that\\nfloated here and there, and the wind blew lightly from the southeast.\\nAt ten o clock the British fleet hove to in close order, and waited\\nfor the American vessels. Their newly painted hulls and red ensigns\\nfloating made a gallant show.\\nThe English had six vessels mounting sixty-three guns in all. These\\nvessels were manned by five hundred and two men.\\nThe commander-in-chief. Captain Barclay, hoisted his flag from the\\nnew ship Detroit. He was a veteran oflicer and had fought with Nelson\\nat Trafalgar.\\nFriend and foe knew him to be a man of skill and courage.\\nHis second in command was Captain Finnis, on board the Queen\\nCharlotte. He was also an officer of experience and acknowledged\\ncourage.\\nCommodore Barclay had formed his fleet in a compact line. The\\nChippewa was in the lead, and his own boat, Detroit, came next. These\\nwere followed by the Hunter, Queen Charlotte, Lady Prevost, and Little\\nBelt.\\nUnder a light breeze and full canvas the American fleet sailed gently", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "1)8 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ndown the smooth waters of the lake to meet her foe. The order for\\nattack had been arranged beforehand.\\nThe enemy had drawn up differently than Perry expected, and he\\naccordingly changed his order. With his flagship, Lawrence, he passed\\nahead of the 2i\u00c2\u00abiagara, which was to have led the attack. This change\\ngave Perry the Detroit as his antagonist.\\nIt was a consistent and chivalrous change, and characteristic of the\\nman. The original idea was for the Lawrence to fight the most formid-\\nable antagonist, and he stuck to the plan.\\nPerry had nine vessels, three more than the British, but they mounted\\nonly fifty-four guns.\\nOnly the Lawrence and Niagara could be regarded as men-of-war.\\nThe others were small, slightly built, and without bulw arks. One\\nwas a brig, one a sloop, and the rest were schooners.\\nThese boats were officered and manned by a total of four hundred\\nand ninety men. A good portion of these were able seamen, but a trifle\\nmiscellaneous in origin and color. Unfortunately, a number were in--\\ncapacitated for duty on account of illness.\\nOn the day of the battle there were seventy-eight men down with\\nbilious fever, of the type which had attacked Perry, and of which he\\nstill felt the effects.\\nThe woodsmen from Kentucky were stout, brave fellows, though un-\\nused to fighting on a ship and by nature intolerant of a ship s discipline.\\nThere was not an officer in the W hole squadron who had seen as much\\nservice as Barclay and Finnis.\\nPerry was only twenty-seven years old, and had never been in a naval\\nengagement. Captain Elliott, of the Niagara, was the only man among\\nthe other officers who had ever been under fire. But they were young,\\nbrave and full of ardor.\\nThe sailing masters were unaccustomed to naval tactics. They had\\nbeen taken from the merchant marine and promoted to the navy. In\\ntheir own line they were well tried and skilful navigators, and most\\nloyal followers of the young commander who had chosen them for naval\\nservice.\\nIn the changed order of battle Perry led the van, on the flagship Law-\\nrence, to meet the Detroit. He stationed the Scorpion ahead and the\\nAriel on his weather bow.\\nThe Caledonia was paired against the Hunter; the Niagara against\\nthe Queen Charlotte. The Somers, Porcupine, Tigress and Trippe fol-\\nlowed to engage the Lady Provost and Little Belt.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY. 69\\nAt ten o clock Perry signaled his fleet:\\nClear for action.\\nThe racks and circular grommets of rope were crammed with shot.\\nPistols, boarding pikes, and cutlasses were brought to quarters. Pre-\\nventer-braces were rove, slow-matches lit, and the decks wet and sanded\\nto prevent explosions and hold the sailors feet if the planks should be-\\ncome wet and slippery with blood.\\nAs the fleet approached the enemy every man stood at his post. Reso-\\nlutely all eyes were fixed on the encouraging and almost joyous face of\\ntheir brave leader. Mounting a gun-slide and unfolding the blue signal,\\nhe spoke out with a clear, melodious voice:\\nMy brave lads! this flag contains the last words of Captain Law-\\nrence. Shall I hoist it?\\nAy, ay, sir! came the ready response from every man and boy in the\\nvessel. Instantly the flag was run up and floated from the royal-mast-\\nhead of the Lawrence.\\nDon t give up the ship!\\nThe memorable words of the dying Lawrence caught the eyes of the\\nentire fleet. With one accord three hearty cheers rose from the line. It\\nwas an enthusiastic response to the appeal.\\nThe thrill of excitement was infectious. Even the sick fancied they\\nwere better and proffered their feeble services for the impending\\nstruggle.\\nGo below, Mays!\\nThis was the command of the sailing master of the Lawrence to a\\npoor fellow who had dragged himself on deck to offer his last mite of\\nlife.\\nYou are too sick to be here.\\nI can do something, sir.\\nWhat can you do?\\nI can sound a pump, sir, and let a good man go to the guns.\\nHe sat down at the pump, and let the strong man go to the guns.\\nWhen the fight was ended, he was found at his self-appointed post, with\\na ball through his heart. He was from Newport; his name was Wilson\\nMays. It shall not be forgotten.\\nThe fleets were approaching nearer and nearer. By twelve o clock\\nthe vessels would certainly be in action. Accordingly the noon-day grog\\nwas served and the bread-bags emptied in advance. It was a thought-\\nful provision for the coming labor. In another moment the men came\\nagain to quarters with a will.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "ro SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nHaving an eye to every detail Perry now went the rounds of the deck.\\nEvery gun was examined and a cheerful word exchanged with the cap-\\ntain of each crew.\\nWhen he came to some familiar faces of weather-beaten tars who had\\nserved with him on the Constitution, he said:\\nWell, boys! are you ready?\\nAy, ay, sir; -all ready, your honor. At the same time they touched\\ntheir tarpaulins or red handkerchiefs, in quick reply.\\nBut I need not say anything to you, continued Perry; you know\\nhow to beat these fellows! and he continued his rounds.\\nComing upon a group of sailors from his native town his face beamed\\nwith neighborly interest and pride, and he exclaimed\\nAh, here are the Newport boys! They will do their duty, I\\nwarrant!\\nThe excitement of preparation was over. In the few moments before\\nthe conflict each heart beat quick with anxious expectation. The babble\\nof voices was stilled. Man has little to say to man when his heart is\\nfilled by the reflections that come as he approaches the dread gulf be-\\ntween life and death.\\nOnly here and there was there a hushed whisper between friends,\\nthat told of mutual requests of kind offices in case death came to them.\\nTell my mother I thought of her at the last moment, said one.\\nGive this keepsake to my beloved, confided another, and tell her it\\nreceived my dying kiss.\\nPerry entrusted his affairs to the purser, Mr. Hambleton, telling him\\nhow to act in case of his death.\\nTo the public papers were attached pieces of lead that they might\\nsink if thrown overboard. Thus they would escape the enemy in case of\\ndefeat. His private papers Perry destroyed with his own hands.\\nHis wife s letters made him pause. Finally, giving them a hasty read-\\ning, he tore them up and threw them overboard. As the fragments\\nstrewed the water, he said:\\nLet what will happen, the enemy shall not read these.\\nAs he closed his instructions to Hambleton he exclaimed:\\nThis is the most important day of my life.\\nThe hush of human voices continued for an hour and a half.\\nAs the wind was light and steady no change of sail was necessary.\\nThe vessels of the van moved steadily forward under easy canvas; those\\nbehind followed with all sail set.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY. 71\\nSuddenly the stillness was broken. A bugle on the Detroit was an-\\nswered by loud cheers throughout the British squadron.\\nThis was followed by a gun from the Detroit, aimed at the Lawrence.\\nThe range was about a mile and a half, however, and the shot did not\\nstrike her antagonist.\\nThe hour was a quarter of twelve, and the action had begun.\\nFrom the masthead of the Lawrence Perry displayed the signal:\\nLet each vessel engage her appointed antagonist.\\nAll were in perfect order. The Lawrence led. With her was the\\nScorpion and Ariel. Next, according to arrangement, came the Cale-\\ndonia and Niagara, a half a cable s length apart. The other vessels,\\nbeing slow boats, were lagging in the rear.\\nPerry was eager to close with his antagonist. A second shot, from\\none of the Detroit s long guns, had passed through and through both\\nbulwarks of the Lawrence. Accordingly he ordered the sailing master\\nto set all canvas.\\nThe American brig was best fitted for close action. Her guns were\\ncarronades, which could not respond effectively to the long cannon of\\nthe enemy.\\nThe wind was exasperatingly light. The vessel moved very slowly\\nand Perry counted, impatiently, every minute.\\nThe entire English fleet had concentrated its fire on the Lawrence,\\nand in ten minutes had inflicted very serious damage.\\nNot a shot had yet been fired in return. But now, at five minutes of\\ntwelve, the bugle was sounded for the other vessels to begin action, and\\nimmediately the Lawrence sent a shot from her long twelve-pounder.\\nThe schooners ahead, the Scorpion and Ariel, then opened fire. These\\nwere followed by the Niagara and Caledonia, and then the whole fleet;\\nbut at such a range as to produce but little effect.\\nThe Lawrence felt the effect of the enemy s heavy armament more\\nand more. All the while Perry was carrying every inch of canvas in\\norder to bring his carronades within range. Once more he gave the\\norder to the trumpeter:\\nPass the word for the vessels to close up and take their station at a\\nhalf cable s length from each other.\\nThe order was caught up by Captain Elliott, on the Niagara, and re-\\npeated to the next, and the next, and so on down the line.\\nSlowly the Lawrence floated towards the Detroit.\\nWhen he thought he was within range Perry luffed up and let go a\\nbroadside from his starboard battery.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "73 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThe range was too long and he again bore away, steering straight for\\nthe Detroit. Broadsides were fired as fast as the men could serve the\\nguns. Perry drew closer and closer until he was within three hundred\\nand fifty yards of his antagonist, when he hauled up and laid the Law-\\nrence on a course parallel with the Detroit.\\nPerry had advanced so persistently that Captain Barclay thought his\\nobject w^as to board. This was not so. Perry simply wanted his can on-\\nades to bear at an effective range. When he had gained his position\\nthe guns were served with great spirit and rapidity.\\nIt seemed to have been prearranged by the enemy to destroy the Law-\\nrence at all hazards. Every gun was trained on this unfortunate vessel.\\nThe Lawrence had outsailed the rest of the fleet and was now left\\nalmost alone to bear the whirlwind of attack.\\nThe plucky little Scorpion and Ariel did all in their power to help;\\nbut their best efforts made little impression.\\nThe Niagara had not come down close enough into the action to be\\nof any avail.\\nThe Caledonia, in the meantime, was engaged in a hot but unequal\\nstruggle with the Hunter, while the rest of the American fleet were yet\\ntoo far aAvay to do anything except fire their long guns, with uncertain\\nresults, at the nearest of the enemy s ships.\\nThe Queen Charlotte could not reach her foe, the Niagara, and she\\nbore down behind the Detroit. From this position she poured in her\\nfire on the Lawrence.\\nPerry s ship suffered terribly. The odds were simply overpowering;\\nbut for over two hours she continued the unequal struggle.\\nThe discipline amidst all this havoc on the Lawrence was superb.\\nThe guns were fired with the same regularity and rapidity as if it had\\nbeen an exercise at target practice.\\nBut one by one the cannon were dismounted. The bulwarks were\\nbeaten down and the enemy s shot found no resistance. The sails and\\nrigging were fearfully cut and torn. The yards and spars were broken\\nand hung in splinters. The deck and sides w-ere a confused tangle of\\ncordage. The whole vessel was an unmanageable wreck.\\nThe loss of life was equally frightful.\\nA hundred good men had gone into the fight. In two hours twenty-\\ntwo had been killed and sixty-one wounded.\\nEven the wounded and bleeding fought. Nothing but death could\\nstop the brave fellows from standing by their commander. Again and\\nagain men who had been sent below wounded, reappeared on deck.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY. 73\\nWhen the battle had raged an hour and a half, says Dr. Parsons,\\nI heard a call for me at the skylight. Stepping towards it, I saw it\\nwas the commodore. His countenance was as calm and placid as if on\\nordinary duty.\\nDoctor, said he, send me one of your men, meaning one of my six\\nassistants.\\nIn five minutes the call was repeated. At the seventh call I told\\nhim he had them all.\\nHe asked, Can any one pull a rope?\\nTwo or three of the wounded crawled upon deck and feebly assisted\\nin pulling at the last guns.\\nMidshipman Lamb was sent below with a shattered arm. The sur-\\ngeon hastily applied a splint and tourniquet, and Lamb turned to re-\\nsume his duties on deck. At that moment a cannon ball, crashing\\nthrough the bulwark, struck him dead.\\nA Narragansett Indian sailor, a little later, was also killed by a\\ncannon ball just after the surgeon had removed a shattered limb.\\nFirst Lieutenant Yarnall went below with a serious scalp wound,\\nfrom which the blood was streaming down his face.\\nFix me up in a hurry. Doctor; I must get back on deck, said the\\nlieutenant.\\nSome lint and a colored handkerchief were hastily bound on his head\\nand he went away. In a few minutes he returned wounded again, and\\na more portentous looking object than before.\\nSome of the hammocks had been struck and torn. The feathery cat-\\ntails with which they were stuffed had been sent flying in the air, and\\nsome of them had lighted on Yarnall s head. The blood from his wound\\nhad caused them to stick, and he looked, as Dr. Parsons said, like a\\nvery large owl.\\nEven the wounded burst into laughter at his ludicrous appearance.\\nThe doctor again fixed him up and the lieutenant hurried back to the\\nhottest of the fight. Going to Perry, he said\\nAll the officers in the first division under my command are either\\ndead or wounded. I must have some others in their places.\\nPerry was irresistibly impressed by the drollery of his looks and\\ncould not repress a smile as he granted his request.\\nIn a little while Yarnall again came to his commander with the same\\nrequest for officers.\\nYou must endeavor to make out by yourself. I have no more to\\ngive you, was the reply.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "74 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nSuch had been the havoc of the fight!\\nSecond Lieutenant Forrest was struck in the breast by a grapeshot\\nand thrown prostrate on the deck.\\nPerry happened to be standing near. Lifting him up and seeing that\\nhe was not wounded, but thrown by a spent ball, the commander en-\\ncouraged him with the assurance:\\nGood, you are not hurt!\\nFinding that he was not killed, Forrest rallied to his feet, and pulling\\nout the shot that had lodged in his waistcoat, replied, as he put the\\nball in his pocket:\\nNo, sir, I m not hurt, but this is my shot!\\nPerry never lost his calmness and cheerfulness during the whole of\\nthis frightful slaughter.\\nHis oflScers and crew were equally brave, and carried themselves like\\nheroes during those hours of awful carnage. There was no thought of\\nflinching in the presence of that commander, to whom they looked not\\nonly for encouragement while fighting, but for consolation in death.\\nWhen a shot had mowed a bloody swath through a gun crew, the few\\nremaining would turn to Perry for an assuring glance. Then cheerfully\\nthey sprang to fill the places of their fallen mates.\\nThose who were too badly wounded to go below would turn implor-\\ning faces to their beloved commander to hear him pronounce the well-\\nearned praise well done before it greeted their ears from the lips of\\nthe Master on the other side.\\nOne single gun remained.\\nIt was loaded and fired, loaded and fired again.\\nBut men were too few to serve this single piece. Perry himself, with\\nthe aid of Hambleton and Erase, the chaplain, kept it in action, until\\nit, too, was dismounted.\\nAt half past two the Lawrence was totally disabled. Only twenty\\npersons, including Perry, were capable of duty. Still the young com-\\nmander did not give up the fight.\\nThe deck was strewn with the dead and dying and was covered with\\nblood. As he stood in the midst of this carnage he looked deliberately\\naround, through the rifts of enveloping smoke, to catch a glimpse of the\\ncondition of the rest of the fleet.\\nLieutenant Forrest was at his side. Seeing the Niagara in the dis-\\ntance ho exclaimed:\\nLook! that brig will not help us. See how he keeps off! He will not\\ncome to close action.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY. 75\\nI ll fetch him up! replied Perry.\\nThe good condition of the Niagara had instantly determined him to\\nshift his flag. As long as he lived he was determined to keep that flag\\nfloating over his head.\\nThe Lawrence was turned over to the command of Lieutenant Yar-\\nnall. Then grasping the little blue signal, with its inspiring legend,\\nDon t give up the ship! he took his young brother, a boy midshipman,\\nof twelve years of age, and pushed off in the ship s boat.\\nThe crew pulled hard at the oars. Periy himself was so intent on\\nhis purpose, and eager to bring the Niagara into action, that he stood\\nerect in the stern of the boat, watching the contest and impatient of a\\nmoment s rest.\\nPerry s action had caught the enemy s attention. His object was ob-\\nvious. In a moment the little boat was the target of cannon and\\nmusketry.\\nThe ping of bullets sang about the ears of the men. The oar blades\\nwere shattered. The spray dashed in their faces. Even the gunwales of\\nthe boat were penetrated here and there by the shot.\\nPerry still stood erect in the stern of the boat, a splendid target for\\nthe enemy s bullets.\\nThe anxious crew begged him to sit down. Finally one of them,\\nseeing that their intrepid commander would pay no attention to their\\nprayers, actually took hold of him and drew him into his seat.\\nFor a quarter of an hour the men heroically stuck to the oars, pulling\\nthe boat through an almost continuous shower of lead and iron.\\nThe little band of survivors on the Lawrence had watched their\\ncourse with anxious hearts. Now, as Perry stepped safely over the bul-\\nwarks of the Niagara, they sent up a faint but joyful cheer.\\nThe colors of the shattered Lawrence still flew, and the British con-\\ntinued to fire on her. She did not have a gun on her deck; nor crew\\nenough to man one. The vessel was perfectly unmanageable and drift-\\ning. At last Lieutenant Yarnall resolved to strike his colors. It was a\\nhumane decision, as many of the wounded below, because of the light\\ndraught of the vessel, were above the water line and exposed to the fire.\\nAccordingly the flag was hauled down.\\nAn exultant cheer from the crowded bulwarks went up as the British\\nwatched the pennant slowly descend to the deck.\\nThe burst of triumph was a little premature. It struck upon the ears\\nof the wounded and dying more bitterly than the last toll of death.\\nSink the ship! let us all sink together!", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "76 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThese were the only words heard by the surgeon in reply to the shout\\nof victory above the enemy. The poor fellows turned from his merciful\\noffices and pushed aside lint and bandage. They refused the proffered\\nhopes of life.\\nPerry having reached the deck of the Niagara, he was met at the\\ngangway by Captain Elliott, who asked:\\nHow is the day going?\\nBadly! replied Perry. He then stated the condition in which he\\nleft the Lawrence, and asked\\nWhat are the gunboats doing so far astern?\\nWithout answering the question Elliott promptly said:\\nI will go and bring them up if you wish.\\nIn a moment he was in the boat and off.\\nPerry now mounted the quarter-deck of the ship. Yards were\\nsquared, the helm put up, topgallant sails set, and the signal for close\\naction hoisted. In a moment the ship bore away towards the English\\nline.\\nThe signal was welcomed by a cheer from the whole fleet. The wind\\nhad freshened and each vessel rapidly closed up with its adversary.\\nIn a few minutes the Niagara had covered the intervening half mile,\\nand was right upon the enemy. As she advanced she received a raking\\nfire, but did not reply with her own guns.\\nThe Detroit attempted to wear and bring her starboard guns to bear.\\nMany of those on the larboard side had been dismounted or injured.\\nThe (^ueen Charlotte, which had taken a position close in her lee, did\\nnot second this manoeuver quickly enough, and the two vessels got foul\\nof each other.\\nThe bowsprit and head-bows of the Charlotte had caught in the miz-\\nzen rigging of the Detroit. As the two boats lay thus together, Perry\\ndeliberately sailed the Niagara under the bows of the Detroit. As the\\nvessel slowly passed he poured into both ships a deadly and awfully de-\\nstructive fire of grape and canister, at half pistol-shot distance.\\nFrom the larboard guns a raking fire was directed against the stern\\nof tlie Lady Prevost, which had passed to the head of the line, and also\\nagainst the Little Belt.\\nThe marines in the tops, with deadly aim, had at the same time\\ncleared the British decks of every one to be seen above the rails. The\\ngroans and cries of the wounded told how terrible had been the de-\\nstruction.\\nAs Perry passed under the lee of the two British ships they got clear,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY. 77\\nbut were only slightly separated. He now brought the Niagara by the\\nwind on the starboard tack, backing the maintop-sail to check the ves-\\nsel s headway. With his starboard guns he continued to pour broadsides\\ninto the Queen Charlotte and the Hunter, which now lay astern of her.\\nIn this position some of the shots, passing entirely through the Char-\\nlotte s ports, took effect on the Detroit.\\nBy this time the smaller American vessels had come into the fight.\\nThey were on the windward side and kept up a destructive fire of grape\\nand canister. Unfortunately, in this position whenever their shot, and\\nthat of the Niagara, missed the enemy, it was likely to take effect on the\\nAmerican boats.\\nBut the British guns were silenced. An officer came to the taffrail of\\nthe Charlotte to signify that she had struck.\\nThe Detroit, the Hunter, and the Lady Prevost followed her example.\\nSeven minutes after the Niagara broke the English line and opened\\nher awful fire, every British flag was down.\\nThe fleets had fought just three hours and a quarter on that mem-\\norable 10th of September, and when the smoke of battle blew away\\nfriend and foe were seen closely intermixed.\\nThe victorious Niagara still flew the signal for close action. But her\\nguns were quiet and she lay hard by her conquered prey, the Detroit,\\nQueen Charlotte and the Hunter.\\nThe Chippewa and Little Belt, with all sail spread were trying to\\nescape to Maiden. But the Caledonia, Scorpion and Trippe were in such\\na position to the leeward that they were able to pursue and force them\\nto strike.\\nThe Lawrence was a helpless wreck, but the American flag once\\nmore proudly floated over her deck.\\nWhen Perry sent an officer to take possession of the Detroit she pre-\\nsented a spectacle of death and ruin hardly less tragic and revolting than\\nthat of the Lawrence.\\nThe dismounted guns encumbered the deck. The dead were piled\\nin heaps. Everywhere gore and shattered limbs and shreds of human\\nbeings were to be seen.\\nThe first lieutenant had been killed, and the second lieutenant was in\\ncommand, with a few surviving officers and men.\\nCommodore Barclay had once been carried below, severely wounded.\\nWhen he regained consciousness he insisted on being taken to the deck.\\nSoon he was struck by a second grape shot, which shattered his shoul-\\n6", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "78 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nder blade. A second time he AVas carried helpless and insensible to his\\ncabin.\\nWhen the oflScer in command saw the day was lost he sent word to\\nthe prostrate Barclay. The determined commodore ordered himself to\\nbe lifted a second time to the deck, that he might see with his own eyes\\nif there was any hope in further resistance.\\nThere was none.\\nHe yielded and the Stars and Stripes waved in victory over the Union\\nJack.\\nPerry retired to his cabin and wrote to General Harrison that famous\\ndispatch which for terseness vies with the veni, vidi, viol of Caesar.\\nDear General: We have met the enemy and they are ours. Two\\nships, two brigs, one schooner and one sloop.\\nYours with very great respect and esteem, O. H. Perry.\\nThen to the Secretary of the Navy he wrote:\\nSir: It has pleased the Almighty to give to the arms of the United\\nStates a signal victory over their enemies on this lake. The British\\nsquadron, consisting of two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one\\nsloop, have this moment surrendered to the force under my command\\nafter a sharp conflict.\\nI have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,\\nO. H. Perry.\\nWith a sad heart, Perry finally went to the Lawrence.\\nThe deck was foul and slippery with blood. The forms of the twenty\\nofficers and men who had been killed had not yet been removed. Every-\\nwhere the ship was filled with the pitiful sounds of the suffering of the\\nwounded.\\nA silent welcome was his salutation as he came over the ship s side.\\nWords had no place.\\nThough three officers from Commodore Barclay came aboard at that\\nmoment to deliver the Englishman s sword. Perry could not e.xult in the\\nglory of victory. As his feet trod in the blood of his brave followers\\nhe could but sorrow for what the victory had cost.\\nWith solemn but courteous air he refused the proffered hilts of the\\nofficers swords, and said:\\nI beg of you to keep your side arms.\\nThis ceremonial of triumph over, Perry made a round of the dead\\nand dying. His little twelve-year-old brother was sleeping quietly in\\nhis hammock. As he passed him he smiled affectionately, and with\\ngrateful recognition exclaimed:", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. PERRY. 79\\nI believe that my wife s prayers have saved me this day.\\nThe solemn and beautiful service of the Episcopal Church was then\\nread over the dead seamen and their bodies committed to the deep.\\nThe next morning the combined fleet arrived at Put-in-Bay.\\nCommodore Perry s courteous treatment of the captured squadron\\nelicited a heartfelt and generous testimony from the brave leader of the\\nenemy, Captain Barclay, who said:\\nThe conduct of Perry toward the captive officers and men was suf-\\nficient of itself to immortalize him.\\nPerry visited the wounded Barclay. His solicitude and warm-heart-\\ned kindness won the affections of his fallen foe. From that time the two\\nbecame constant friends.\\nOn his own responsibility Perry advanced money to the British offi-\\ncers. He pledged himself to secure a parole for Barclay, and finally\\nsucceeded.\\nThe victory wrested the command of Lake Erie from the British. It\\nled to the restoration of the territoi y of Michigan, and the release of the\\nnorthern frontier from the cruelties of the savage. It was the great\\nevent of the war. Perry, able, brave, and magnanimous, was at once\\nenrolletl among those heroes whom our country will never cease to honor.\\nHe died in Port Spain, Island of Trinidad, August 23, 1819.\\nSTORY OF PERRY S FIGHT BY A PARTICIPANT IN THE\\nENGAGEMENT.\\nMr. John Norris, an old man of eighty-four years of age, the only sur-\\nvivor of Commodore Perry s victory, told this story a few years before\\nhis death. It is a graphic, picturesque narration worthy of a permanent\\nplace in our literature:\\nA correspondent of the Cincinnati Enquirer interviewed Mr. John\\nNorris, the only survivor of Commodore Perry s famous victory on Lake\\nErie in his flagship Lawrence, which was raised at Misery Bay, Erie Har-\\nbor. Mr. Norris was in his eighty-fourth year, and resided at Petei-sburg,\\nKentucky, where he recited to his newspaper visitor the following:\\nI enlisted from Mason County, Kentucky, in May, 1818, and was soon\\nafter mustered at the old barracks in Newport in a comj^any of cavalrj\\nCaptain John Paj ue, of Augusta, commander.\\nThe company was made up of men from Mason, Bracken, Lewis,\\nLemon and Fayette counties, and was mustered in for six months. We\\nwere assigned to Colonel Johnson s three months regiment nearlv all", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "80 SPLENDID DEEDS OX SEA AXD LAND.\\niho niombers of wliicli wero also from Kontuckv and we then began\\nscouring the Indian couutry towards Northern Ohio.\\nWe stopped in Fort Meigs and in Camp Seneca on the Sandusky\\nRiver, then in command of General Harrison, and then we joined Colonel\\nBall s forces from Maryland and proceeded down toward lower San-\\ndusky.\\nWe were armed with swords and pistols.\\nOn the way down our advance guard was ambushed by a party of\\nIndians, numbering only thirteen.\\nThis provoked an attack from our whole army, and the Indians were\\nall slain. After the skirmish, as each man came filing back into line,\\nover fifty men individually claimed to have bloodied their swords in\\nthe heart of a live Indian.\\nEach of fifty men had killed a savage when there were only thirteen\\nsavages to kill.\\nI didn t bloody my sword.\\nAbout this i)lace and Seneca we skirmished the most of the summer,\\ncarrying on a sort of predatory warfare.\\nToward the latter part of the season Commodore Perry sent word\\ndown to General Harrison that he wanted a company of fighting men,\\nand General Harrison disi)atched a messenger over to our company\\nasking for volunteers. The general had tickled the pride of us Ken-\\ntuckians by saying we did not know Avlien we were whipped, and when\\nhe sent his messenger he sent him with instructions to ask for volun-\\nteers only.\\nThe messenger came to our company. I had been eager to see some\\ngood fighting before my six months term expired. As I heard the mes-\\nsage delivered, therefore, I jumped at the chance, and was the first to\\nexclaim:\\nI am one to go.\\nI am second, I am third, etc., in quick succession passed down\\nthe line until twenty men from our company had volunteered their ser-\\nvices.\\nWe were taken down the Sandusky the next day to Perry s fleet,\\nwhich was lying at Portage, near what is now called Sandusky City, and\\nwere placed on board the Caledonia, commanded by Captain Turner.\\nThis was toward the latter part of August I don t just remember the\\nday. The commodore had made several inefl ectual efforts to induce the\\nBritish commander to come out from his stronghold in Maiden and en-\\ngage him, but the wily old Britisher did not respond. He maintained his", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE OLIVER H. FERRY. 81\\ndignity and streugtliened himself by buildiug and manning another\\nvessel, called the Detroit, and by cruising about on his own side of the\\nlake, out of reach of Perry.\\nWe had eight vessels and the British only six, but these Avere manned\\nwith more and heavier guns. If I remember rightly, we had only\\nfifty guns, while John Bull had nearly or quite sixty-nine.\\nEarly on the morning of the 10th of September I was sleeping on the\\ndeck of the Caledonia, and being suddenly awakened by hearing men\\ntalk excitedly I inquired the cause.\\nI Avas told that the long-wished-for time was near at hand that the\\nenemy was approaching us.\\nWith the naked eye I could see nothing; but being proffered a spy-\\nglass, I for the first time beheld the British squadron in battle array.\\nFor a moment the prospect was not cheering, and my knees in spite of\\nme would smite each other. This kind of feeling did not last long, how-\\never. The hurry and bustle of preparation gave no time for fear, and\\nwhen at noon we came together my knees were ready to do my bidding.\\nThe blue bunting, with the Avords of the dying Lawrence, Never give\\nup the ship, in white letters, Avas run up to the masthead of Perry s ship,\\nthe Lawrence, and then the terrible battle began.\\nPrior to this, and while drilling, it had generally required six and\\neight men to move the twenty-four pounders with Avhich the Caledonia\\nwas armed; now, in the excitement of battle, three of us could load and\\nfire our gun as often as one cotild an ordinary musket.\\nSo long as we saAv our banner flying from the mast of the Lawrence\\nwe felt to fight like tigers. Suddenly, however, we saw the old flag com-\\ning down.\\nNever could I forget the feelings I then experienced. I thought the\\nday was lost, and that the glory Ave had dreamed of was gone.\\nI wanted to die.\\nYet we fought on, but Avithout spirit.\\nMeantime we saw a small rowboat leaving the Lawrence manned\\nby six men, and suddenly we saw an oflicer rise up in that boat and fling\\nout the same old banner that had Avaved from the Lawrence, and tlioii\\nour spirits took new courage.\\nWe knew that officer to be our commodore, and we knew, too, that\\nthe day was not lost. We saAv the frail boat making for the Niagara,\\nand soon we saw the old banner climbing the Niagara s mast, and then\\na cheer went up, and the struggle was renewed.\\nThe Niagara pushed in between the enemy s men-of-war s men, and", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "83 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nvomited forth her broadsides. From Perry came the order to the Cale-\\ndouia to close up nearer and let the enemy have it fresh from the mouths\\nof our twenty-four pounders.\\nThe order was no sooner given than we did close up, and so did the\\nwhole line.\\nThe effect was terrible, and the British pride was soon conquered.\\nOne by one the enemy s flags kissed the deck, and one by one his guns\\neased to speak, until just before four o clock, three hours and forty\\nminutes after the struggle began, the last gun was fired.\\nThat last gun was on the Caledonia, and was the one manned by\\nmyself and others, aud not by Stephen Chaplain, as has been before\\nstatetl.\\nAnd it was the last shot that the gun ever fired, for she had then be-\\ncome disabled. At her breach she had a seam wide enough to insei t a\\ncase-knife.\\nThis seam I discovered, and when calling Captain Turner s attention\\nto it, he said\\nMy God, how we have escaped! Another fire and we would have\\nbeen blown to atoms!\\nI know that after this there was not another shot fired, and I can\\nrecall all the circumstances.\\nWe on the Caledonia felt very proud. We felt proud when we learned\\nof the commodore s message:\\nWe have met the enemy aud they are ours.\\nAnd we felt proud when we heard that in his official report he would\\nsay:\\nThe Caledonia did more real damage to the enemy than any other\\nvessel.\\nAnd my Kentucky pride swelled, I tell you, when Colonel Todd told\\nme that he heard Commodore Pei ry say to General Han-ison, when talk-\\nins: of the men which the latter had sent him, that if it had not been for\\nthose twenty men sent him from Seueca he believed he would have lost\\nthe battle.\\nI escaped without a scratch, though on the deck of the Caledonia it\\nwould have been hard, after the battle, to have found a spot larger than\\nyour hand where a cannon ball had uot done some damage.\\nThe (lead and the wounded cared for, the dead privates heaved into\\nthe lake and the officers carried ashore and buried, we soon after left\\nthe Caledonia, and after a short trip to Maiden we were again made\\nland lubbers.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "2;\\nD\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J)\\n3\\nJ\\na\\nO", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "COillluDoRE T. XIACLiuXOUGH", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI.\\nTHOMAS Mcdonough, the hero of lake champlain.\\nThomas McDonough will live iu our history as the Hero of Lake\\nChamplain. A more gallant commander never stood on the quartex -deck\\nof an American vessel. He was born in 17S6, in the county of Newcastle,\\nDelaware.\\nHis father was a physician of considerable eminence. In 1775 he\\nwas appointed major in Colonel Haslett s regiment, but soon retired\\nfrom the service.\\nWhen the Revolutionary struggle ended he was appointed to a judge-\\nship. This office he held with credit until his death, in 1795. His eldest\\nson, James, had a taste for the sea, and was with Commodore Truxton\\nin the engagement between the Constitution and French frigate L lusur-\\ngente, in 1799. In this battle he lost a leg and was forced to retire from\\nthe service.\\nThomas, inspired by the example of his father and elder brother,\\nbegan his naval career at an early age. When twelve years old he ob-\\ntained a midshipman s warrant and entered the navy. His first service\\nwas on the American coa.st. Later he sailed with the fleet to the Medi-\\nterranean, where he rendered himself conspicuous for bravery in the war\\nwith Tripoli.\\nHis manner was grave and thoughtful beyond his years. When, how-\\never, the occasion of trial came he showed that he was iwssessed of a\\nmost dauntless spirit.\\nMcDonough was the kind of a sailor Decatur chose when he proposed\\nto burn the Philadelphia, which had been captured by the Tripolitaus.\\nHe was therefore appointed to accompany Lawrence, as one of the offi-\\ncers, on that daring and successful enterprise.\\nThe trust of the commodore was not misplaced, and McDonough\\ncame to enjoy the companionship in service of this gallant officer.\\nWhile cruising in the Mediterranean the following incident occurred\\nwhich illustrates the firm, decided character of the man.\\nAn American merchantman had come to anchor in a certain port,\\njust ahead of the Siren. Captain Smith of the war vessel was absent\\nat the time on shore.\\n83", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "S4 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nVery soon a British frigate, which was lying in the harbor, sent a\\nboat to the merchantman. The men boarded the American vessel and\\ntook off one of the seamen.\\nMcDonough was first lieutenant of the Siren, and senior officer on\\nboard at the time. When he saw the occurrence he prom^jtly called out:\\nLower the gig!\\nAn armed crew was sent on and McDonough, taking the tiller ropes,\\noverhauled the British boat just as she was pulling alongside the frigate.\\nHe seized the man who had been impressed and returned him to his own\\nboat.\\nThe rescue had been so prompt and daring that the British were\\nstruck aghast. They were too astonished to offer the least resistance.\\nWhen the English commander was informed of the incident he has-\\ntened on board the Siren. Confronting McDonough he angrily de-\\nmanded:\\nHow dare you take a man from my boat?\\nThe man is an American seaman and under the protection of th\\nflag of the United States, and it is my duty to protect him, quietly bu:\\ndeterminedly answered McDonough.\\nSwearing a tremendous oath, the captain said, I don t care for your\\nAmerican flag! If you don t give up the man I ll bring my frigat\\nalongside and blow you to the devil!\\nThat you may do, but as long as my vessel floats you shall not have\\nthe man, said McDonough.\\nYou re a hair-brained youth, and will repent of your rashness. If\\nI had been in the boat you would not have dared to take the man.\\nI should have tried, at any rate.\\nW^hat, sir! would you venture to interfere if I were to impress the\\nmen from that brig?\\nYou have only to try it, sir, to find out, answered the resolute Mc-\\nDonough.\\nThe enraged Englishman returned to his frigate. A boat was\\nmanned and armed. With threatening aspect they pulled off again\\ntowards the American merchantman.\\nMcDonough manned and armed a boat and went to meet the foe.\\nThis seemed to bring the Englishman to his senses. He changed his\\ncourse, took a roundabout turn and pulled back to his ship.\\nThe cool, determined conduct of McDonough showed the temper of\\nthe man. He was not to be trifled with. The Englishman recognized the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "THOMAS Mcdonough, hero of lake c ham plain. ss\\nfact, and was wise enough to avoid a collision with the spirited Ameri-\\ncan lieutenant.\\nIn his youth McDouough was one of the most athletic oflScers in the\\nnavy. He was proficient at sword play and held a wide reputation as\\nan expert with the blade.\\nOnce when the Siren was lying in the harbor of Syracuse, McDonough\\nwas caught on shore. The last ship s boat had returned to the squadron\\nfor the night.\\nThere was nothing left but to hire a boat; but finding three men\\ninstead of the usual number, two, in it he became suspicious. He re-\\nfused to allow them to row him to his vessel. At this the men drew their\\nponiards and attacked him.\\nIn an instant his trusty blade flashed from its sheath. Though they\\nwere three to one he succeeded, by his superior skill, in wounding two\\nof his assailants. The third took to his heels.\\nNot satisfied with driving them off McDonough pursued the fugitive\\nto the roof of the barracks. The would-be assassin escaped the sword,\\nbut not death, by jumping to the ground.\\nOfficers and men all admired the resolute spirit of the young lieu-\\ntenant. His heroism always had a moral element in it, and this elevated\\nit far above any exhibition of mere brute courage.\\nHis true dignity of character and fire of spirit were chiefly manifest\\nwhen action and moments of trial brought his heroic qualities into play.\\nHis complexion was fair his eyes and hair light. Ill health, caused\\nby hard service, had, in later life, weakened his once vigorous frame, and\\ngave him an appearance which failed to proclaim the grand qualities\\nof the man.\\nHe was tall of stature and possessed of that gentle dignity that be-\\nlongs to the gentleman of the old school. His face was resolute, but\\ngenial.\\nNo taint of impurity ever touched his character. He was as humble\\na Christian as he was a brilliant hero.\\nAfter the war with Tripoli, McDonough passed a number of years in\\nretirement. Nothing of importance occurred in his life from that time\\ntill the war of 1812.\\nHe was, at that time, twenty-six years old. At twenty-eight he was\\nappointed to the command of the small naval force on Lake Champlain,\\nwhich was regarded as a most important point of defense.\\nThe American squadron consisted of McDonough s flagship, the Sara-\\ntoga, carrying twenty-six guns and two hundred and twelve men; the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "86 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nEagle, a brig of twenty guns and one hundred and fifty men; the Ticon-\\nderoga, a schooner of seventeen guns and one hundred and ten men; the\\nPreble, a sloop of seven guns and thirty men; and ten small gunboats.\\nCaptain McDouough anchored his vessels opposite the mouth of the\\nSarauac liiver. They formed a line running north and south and parallel\\nto the shores.\\nThe Eagle was farthest north. Then came the Saratoga and Ticon-\\nderoga, and lastly the Preble.\\nThe gunboats formed a second line. They were placed in the inter-\\nvals between the larger vessels and behind them.\\nThus the American line formed a barrier, so that the British vessels\\ncould pass ueither north nor south.\\nThere was nothing now to do but to wait. This, young McDonough\\nproceeded calmly to do.\\nOn the morning of September 11, 181-1, as the sun rose, McDonough s\\nguard-boat came alongside. Saluting his commander the officer re-\\nported\\nThe enemy s vessels are coming!\\nTurning to his lieutenant McDonough quietly remarked:\\nLieutenant, display the signal to prepare for action.\\nThe crews responded to the signal with a will. Decks were cleared,\\nguns run out, and preparations made to fight the British just as they\\nwere while the fieet lay at anchor.\\nAs eight bells were sounding, the sails of the British squadron began\\nto appear. One by one, in menacing array, they doubled Cumberland\\nHead and sailed into the bay.\\nThe British fleet was much superior in weight to the American.\\nThe Confiance, Captain Downie s flagship, was a frigate-decked boat\\nof thirty-seven guns, and a crew of three bundled men.\\nThe next in size was the Linnet. She was a brig of sixteen guns and\\na crew of a hundred men.\\nBesides these there were two sloops, the Chubb and the Finch. Each\\nhad a full armament and a crew of forty men.\\nTwelve gunboats completed the list. These made a total of sixteen\\nvessels, carrying ninety-six guns and a thousand men.\\nTo cope with this armament the Americans had fourteen vessels,\\nmounting eighty-six guns and manned by eight hundred and fifty men.\\nWith their white wings spread, the enemy s vessels rounded the head.\\nOne after the other they formed into line abreast and headed towards\\nthe American squadron.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "THOMAS Mcdonough, hero of lake champ lain. s?\\nMcDonough having had ample time to make all preparations, he\\naccordingly spent those few anxious moments, just before the conflict, in\\nreading the prayer of the Episcopal service appointed to be read before\\na fight at sea against an enemy.\\nO most powerful and glorious Lord God, the Lord of Hosts, that\\nrulest and commandest all things; Thou sittest in the throne judging\\nright, and therefore we make our address to Thy Divine Majesty in this\\nour necessity, that Thou wouldest take the cause into Thine own hand,\\nand judge between us and our enemies. Stir up Thy strength, O Lord,\\nand come and help us; for thou givest not alway the battle to the strong,\\nbut canst save by many or by few. let not our sins cry now against\\nus for vengeance; but hear us, Thy poor servants, begging mercy, and\\nimploring Thy help, and that Thou wouldest be a defense unto us\\nagainst the face of the enemy. Make it appear that Thou art our Savior\\nand mighty Deliverer, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.\\nAs the British came on the Eagle at the head of the American line,\\nopened fire. The distance at first was too great. The shots apparently\\nproduced no effect on the advancing enemy.\\nHowever, the English gunboats opened fire in response and kept up\\na heavy cannonading. McDonough, with glass in hand, watched the\\nEagle s fire. When the shots began to tell he brought the Saratoga s\\nguns to bear on the approaching vessels.\\nJust at this moment a young cock, which had got out of the coop,\\nperched himself on the gun slide and giving his wings a vigorous flap\\nlet out a lusty crow.\\nThe crew at once saw in this a favorable omen. Their spirits were\\nroused and they gave voice to three hearty cheers.\\nThe enemy were now in range of the Saratoga s guns. McDonough\\nhimself sighting a long twenty-four pounder, gave the order to fire. The\\nshot struck the Coufiance fairly in the bows. It swept along the whole\\nlength of the deck, killing several men and carrying away the wheel.\\nConfident in his superior force, Captain Downie tried to bring his\\nvessels to bear on the American line.\\nThe Confiance, however, had been so badly crippled already that she\\nwas obliged to check her advance. Casting out her anchor she took up\\na position a quarter of a mile from the American line.\\nThis movement was seconded by the Linnet. Finding a favorable\\nposition forward of the Eagle s beam, she also anchored.\\nThe Chubb kept under way. Her object was to rake the American", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "88 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nHue. lu the meantime the Finch with the gunboats got abreast of the\\nTiconderoga.\\nThe Coufiauce had been exposed to a hot lire while she was anchor-\\ning. Still Captain Downie would not allow a single shot to be fired in\\nreply until this feat was accomplished.\\nNow, however, he opened with a murderous broadside. Every gun\\nwas discharged at the same instant, and aimed directly at the Saratoga.\\nForty men were killed by this single broadside!\\nThe Saratoga s deck was encumbered with the dead and dying. It\\nwas found necessary to remove the hatches, which had been fastened\\ndown, and to pass the killed and wounded below.\\nThe awful slaughter had caused a momentary panic on board. Order\\nwas soon restored and McDonough had his little ship fighting as gal-\\nlantly as ever.\\nAll the ships, in both squadrons, were now hotly engaged. Flash\\nrapidly followed flash and the roar of artillery was continuous.\\nThe Chubb, while manoeuvering, had received a heavy broadside\\nfrom the Eagle. This so crippled her that she drifted helplessly towards\\nthe Saratoga. A well placed shot from one of the flagship s guns forced\\nher to strike her colors. McDonough sent a crew aboard and took pos-\\nsession at once.\\nIn the meantime the Finch had been given such a punishment by the\\nTiconderoga that she was driven from her position. The stream carried\\nher away in an unmanageable condition and she grounded on the shoal\\nof Crab Island. Here she was forced to strike her colors.\\nThe British gunboats closed in on the American vessels. The fire\\nbecame too hot for the Preble and she cut her cables and ran in to a\\nsafe distance. The efforts of the gunboats were then concentrated on\\nthe Ticonderoga.\\nAgain and again they were within a boat hook s length of the\\nschooner. Each time the Ticonderoga s commander, pacing the taffrail\\namid showers of grape and canister, directed the discharge of musket\\nballs and small missiles with such effect that the gunboats were driven\\noff.\\nThe Eagle was getting the worst of her duel with the Linnet. She\\nwas soon forced to slip her cables, and with topsails set she moved down\\nto a position between the Saratoga and Ticonderoga.\\nThe Linnet now joined the Confiance in her fire upon the Saratoga.\\nThe result was almost annihilation for the American boat. The Eagle,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "THOMAS Mcdonough, hero of lake ch am plain. 89\\nin her new position, began to open tire and drew some of tlie shot that\\nhad been directed against the flagship.\\nStill the Saratoga had suffered so severely from the concentrated\\nfire that she had not a gun left on the starboard side.\\nCaptain McDonough was not williout resources even in this plight.\\nOut with the kedge anchors, he ordered.\\nXow, heave awaj, and by means of hawsers he skilfully turned his\\nvessel around. This enabled him to bring his larboard guns to bear.\\nThe Confiance attempted the same manoeuver. It was unsuccessful.\\nTerrible broadsides from the Saratoga s fresh guns raked her fore\\nand aft, and reluctantly she lowered h( r colors to the Stars and Stripes.\\nThe conquest over the flagship, Confiance, meant victory over the\\nfleet. The battle of Lake Champlain had been fought and won! It had\\ntaken just two hours and a quarter to Avin one of the greatest of Ameri-\\ncan naval conflicts.\\nThe Linnet held out for a little longer. Then the Saratoga, bringing\\nher guns on the Englishman, let go a thundering broadside. This was\\ntoo much for the Linnet and she lowered her flag,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the third one to dip\\nto the Saratoga tliat day.\\nThe gunboats, seeing the situation, hauled down their ensigns, and\\nthe only colors that remained were the proud and glorious American\\nbanners.\\nIt was a bloody battle. Fifty-two Americans were killed and fifty-\\neight wounded.\\nTwice the Saratoga had been set on fire by hot shot from the Con-\\nfiance during the engagement. The heroic exertions of the crew and\\nthe coolness of her commander alone saved the vessel.\\nThat she was not sunk was due to the fact that the enemy aimed a\\nlittle high. Fifty-five round shot had penetrated her hull. Thirty-nine\\ntook effect on the Eagle.\\nThe British suffered still more severely.\\nThough the real number of killed and wounded was never ascer-\\ntained, the Confiance reported forty-one dead and eighty-three wounded.\\nThe Linnet was believed to have had many more than ten killed\\nand fourteen wounded. This, however, was the number stated by the\\nBritish.\\nIt is quite certain that the loss of the Finch, put down at two wound-\\ned, was very much underestimated.\\nBesides the larger boats the enemy s gunboats had suffered severely.\\nTheir loss, however, was never ascertained.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "90 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nAfter they had struck, they waited a little to be taken posses-\\nsion of, but as no one came, on account of a misunderstanding, they set\\nsail and made their escape.\\nA gun was accidentally discharged by the party that boarded the\\nConliance. Taking it for a signal the gunboats moved off without colors,\\none after another.\\nMcDonough did not have a vessel left with a mast standing. Thus\\nhe could not pursue with a large boat. The gunboats could not be\\nspared, as their crews were required to man the pumps to keep the larger\\nboats afloat. So he was obliged to see his conquered enemy quietly sail\\naway.\\nThis victory justly earned McDonough the title of one of the greatest\\nof our naval heroes. The nation overwhelmed him with praise. Every-\\nwhere a grateful and enthusiastic people made the victory an occasion\\nof festive honor.\\nPublic receptions were proffered; feasts were spread. But with true\\nand characteristic modesty they were generally refused.\\nCongress voted him thanks. An appropriate medal was bestowed,\\nand he was promoted to the rank of post-captain. The under ofiQcers\\nwere not forgotten. Medals and swords were presented them, while\\nthe petty officers, seamen and marines were given three months extra\\npay.\\nThe State of New York gave Captain McDonough a beautiful sword\\nand a thousand acres of and. Vermont donated two hundred acres to\\nhim. Both tracts were situated in full view of the scene of the balllc\\nBut the most flattering testimonial he ever received was a sword,\\ncosting thirteen hundred dollars, the gift of the officers and men he had\\ncommanded in the Mediterranean.\\nHe died at sea, November 16, 1825, on board a trading brig, that had\\nbeen sent by the United States government to bring him home from his\\nlast command, the Mediterranean squadron.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII.\\nTHE GENERAL ARMSTRONG AND PRIVATEERS OF THE WAR\\nOF 1812.\\nConsiderations of expediency recommended the system of privateer-\\ning to the United States during the war of 1812. The American navy\\nwas feeble; while that of England was very strong. England, more-\\nover, had an extended commerce that could be seriously harassed, as\\nher sails were on every sea.\\nThis system of warfare was sanctioned at the time both by the laws\\nof nations, and by the general sentiments of mankind. Congress at once,\\nat the outbreak of hostilities, authorized the President to issue commis-\\nsions to private armed vessels of the United States, and he was not tardy\\nin granting these letters of marque and reprisal.\\nIn six months New York and Baltimore alone had sent out forty-one\\nprivateers, many letters of marque, and a large number of pilot-boats.\\nThe privateers carried from six to ten guns, and a crew of forty\\nor fifty men. The pilot-boats usually had a single Long Tom, mounted\\non a swivel in the center, and a crew of about fifty men.\\nThe fortunes of these craft were varied and interesting. Wonderful\\nboldness and consummate skill were constantly displayed by the Ameri-\\ncan seamen, who manned them. They were untaught in the art of naval\\nwarfare, but blest with unerring judgment.\\nAfter the first six months of the war had passed, the greater num-\\nber of the naval conflicts was conducted, on the American side, by pri-\\nvate armed vessels. In three years and nine mouths they captured,\\nburned or destroyed about sixteen hundred English vessels.\\nThe American loss was much smaller, owing to the fact that the mer-\\nchant marine was insignificant and that a majority of the vessels were\\nkept in port. Five hundred ships of all classes would cover the captures\\nmade by the British.\\nA fair representative of the American privateer was the General\\nArmstrong, which in March, 1813, was cruising off the coast of South\\nAmerica, under command of Guy R. Champlin.\\nSighting a British sloop-of-war, the General Armstrong gave chase.\\n91", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "92 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThe enemy was the Coquette, mounting twenty-seven guns, and\\nmanned by a hundred and twenty hands.\\nAt ten o clock the vessels were in shooting distance, and a brisk en-\\ngagement began. Champlin and his officers concluded from the actions\\nof their antagonist that she was a British letter of marque. They ac-\\ncordingly agreed to board her, and for this purpose tacked and ran full\\nfor her side. But they had made a mistake in their calculations. The\\nvessel was much larger than they had imagined.\\nIt was too late to retreat. For an hour the two ships poured heavy\\nshot into each other, waging a fierce and obstinate fight within pistol\\ndistance. The Armstrong was severely crippled, and Champlin was\\nwounded in the shoulder. From his cabin, however, he continued to\\ngive orders until his vessel was out of close range of the enemy.\\nThe men were then set to work the sweeps. By vigorous pulling and\\nskilful sailing the Armstrong escaped, but under a heavy fire from the\\nCoquette.\\nAt a meeting of the stockholders held in Tammany Hall, Champlin,\\non his return to New York, was presented with an elegant sword.\\nThis, said the president, is in token of your gallant conduct and\\nskilful seamanshiji which saved our vessel and your crew.\\nUnder the command of Captain Samuel C. Keid, the General Arm-\\nstrong, in September, 1814, had the most desperate and famous fight\\nrecorded in the history of privateering during the war.\\nCaptain Keid had anchored his ship in the harbor of Fayal, in the\\nAzore Islands. It was a neutral port and belonged to Portugal. Here\\nthe Armstrong was attacked by a large British squadron under com-\\nmand of Commodore Lloyd. The enemy s fleet consisted of the flagship\\nPlantagenet, the frigate Rota, and the brig Carnation. The vessels car-\\nried a total of one hundred and thirty-six guns and a full complement of\\nmen.\\nThe Armstrong carried only seven guns and ninety men.\\nIn direct violation of neutrality laws Commodore Lloyd sent four\\nlarge, well armed launches, manned with a total of a hundred and sixty\\nmen, into the harbor at night to attack the Americans. Keid, fearing\\ntreachery, had worked his vessel under the Castle s guns.\\nThese now aided the privateer in repelling the attack. The launches\\ncould not withstand the accurate fire, and drew off with heavy loss.\\nThe Armstrong had her first lieutenant wounded and one man killed.\\nAt midnight the attack was renewed, with fourteen launches and\\nfive hundred men. A terrible conflict of an hour ensued.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "THE GENERAL ARMSTRONG\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE PRH ATEERS. 93\\nAgain the enemy was repulsed with terrible slaughter. One hundred\\nand twenty men were killed and as many more wounded.\\nAt daylight the fight was reopened by the Carnation. The Arm-\\nstrong poured a telling fire into her which raked her fore and aft, and\\nshe hastily and ignominiously withdrew.\\nThe privateer was also very much damaged.\\nShe cannot float through another attack, said Eeid; send the\\nship s carpenter below and direct him to scuttle the vessel. At any rate\\nshe shall not fall into the hands of the enemy.\\nThe Armstrong was then abandoned. The British boarded her at\\nonce and set her on fire.\\nThe several attacks had lasted ten hours. In this brief period the\\nBritish casualties amounted to three hundred, while the Americans lost\\nbut two killed and seven wounded.\\nThe unequal contest against this British squadron was a wonderful\\nexhibition of bravery. Besides this, to Captain Reid and his gallant\\nmen is due the credit that New Orleans was not captured. Lloyd s\\nsquadron was part of the expedition then collecting at Jamaica to seize\\nthis southern American port.\\nThe aim of the unwarranted attack on the Armstrong was to capture\\nher and make her a useful auxiliary in the expedition.\\nThe result was that the unexpected happened. The American vessel\\nso crippled the fleet and decimated the crew that Lloyd was ten days\\nlate In reaching Jamaica.\\nThese ten days ga .e General Jackson time to approach the unpro-\\ntected city. When the British expedition did finally arrive Old Andy\\nhad made preparations for them and the city was no longer a defenceless\\nprey.\\nEngland made apology to Portugal for the violation of neutrality.\\nShe also paid that government an indemnity for property destroyed at\\nFayal; but neither Portugal nor America obtained satisfaction or resti-\\ntution for the destruction of the Armstrong in a neutral port.\\nThe conduct of the Armstrong and the circumstances of the attack\\nmade a commotion in the United States. Captain Reid was praised and\\nlauded as one of the most daring of American naval commanders. The\\nState of New York presented him with a sword and honored him with\\nthanks on his return to his native land. He was greeted with enthusi-\\nasm wherever he went.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "94 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nTHE ROSSIE.\\nAnother privateer vessel that holds a record for adventure was the\\nRossie. She was a swift clipper-built schooner, of fourteen guns, and a\\ncrew of a hundred and twenty men, under the command of the naval\\nveteran Commodore Barney.\\nOn the 12th of July, 1812, Barney sailed from Baltimore on one of the\\nmost exciting voyages on record.\\nNine days out of Baltimore Barney seized the brig Nymph, from New-\\nburyport, for violating the non-importation act. The next day he, in\\nturn, was chased by a British frigate. The Rossie showed a clean pair\\nof heels to the Englishman and made good her escape, although she\\nhad twenty-five shot hurled at her from the frigate s bow chasers.\\nOn July 30th, the Rossie was chased again by a frigate and again\\nshe outsailed her pursuer. The next two days were each celebrated by\\na capture. The first, the Princess Royal, Barney burned; the second,\\nthe Kitty, he took and manned.\\nThings were now coming Barney s way. On August 2d, he burned\\nthe brigs Fame and Devonshire, and the same day captured the brig\\nTwo Brothers. Putting sixty of his prisoners on board the latter he\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2sent her as a cartel to St. Johns, New Brunswick, to effect an exchange\\nof as many American prisoners.\\nWith the prisoners Barney sent his compliments to Admiral Sawyer,\\nthe English commander.\\nTreat these prisoners well, he said, and I will soon send you an-\\nother shipload of captives for exchange.\\nThe third of August was also a red letter day. He took and sunk\\nthe brig Henry, the schooners Race-Horse and Halifax, captured and\\nmanned the brig William and added forty prisoners to the number on\\nboard the Two Brothers.\\nOn August 9th, Barney had a brief action with the twelve-gun ship\\nJenney. She proved no match for the Rossie and soon lowered her\\ncolors. The next day the Rebecca, of Saco, was seized for a breach of\\nthe non-importation law, and on the 28th, the Euphrates, of New Bed-\\nford, for the same reason.\\nBarney now put into port at Newport. He had been out forty-five\\ndays and had captured fourteen vessels, nine of which he destroyed.\\nOn September 7th, the Rossie sailed out of the harbor for another\\ncruise. Two days from port she fell in with a British squadron, and it", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "THE GENERAL ARMSTRONG\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE PRIVATEERS. 95\\nwas only due to her good sailing qualities tliat Barney did not lose his\\nship.\\nThree days later she had another run for her life. Six hours an\\nEnglish frigate tried to get in range, but Barney shook out his sails and\\ndarkness found them far in the lead.\\nOn the IGth of September, Barney attempted to capture the armed\\npacket Princess Amelia. The English vessel made a stubborn and deter-\\nmined resistance. For an hour the two vessels lay at pistol range firing\\nheavy shot at each other.\\nBarney s first lieutenant and six men were wounded. The Princess\\nAmelia lost her captain, sailing master and one seaman killed, and six\\nmen wounded.\\nThe Amelia had hardly struck her flag, when Barney saw three ships\\nbearing down upon him. Hastily securing his prize, he turned his vessel\\nto engage the strangers. An eighteen-pound shot through the Rossie s\\nquarter made Barney trim his sails and take to his heels.\\nFor four days he dogged the three vessels in the hope that, if they\\nbecame separated, he could pounce down on one of them and capture it.\\nFinally he gave up the game.\\nMeeting the privateer Globe, of Baltimore, the two sailed on in com-\\npany. They captured the British schooner Jubilee and sent her to port,\\nand seized the Merrimac for a violation of law.\\nOn November 10, Barney returned to Baltimore. In four months he\\nhad taken with the Eossie three thousand six hundred and ninety tons\\nof shipping, valued at a million and a half of dollars, and two hundred\\nand seventeen prisoners.\\nThe experience of the private vessel. Governor Tompkins, further\\nillustrates the spirit of the sailors on these privateers.\\nThe Tompkins was a schooner of fourteen guns and a Long Tom,\\nmanned by a hundred and forty men.\\nCaptain Shaler, on December 25th, had sighted three vessels. They\\nappeared to be two ships and a brig.\\nShifting his sail he ran down to attack the larger vessel, which he\\ntook to be a transport. When the Tompkins was within a quarter of a\\nmile the captain saw that the vessel was a large frigate, which had been\\ncompletely masked.\\nHe boldly opened fire, however, and received a terrible response.\\nSuch an unequal contest could not be sustained and he spread his\\nsails to fly.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "96 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThanks to her heels, he said, aud my brave officers and crew, I\\ndid not have to give up my command at once.\\nThe Tompkins lost two men killed and six wounded. One of the\\nformer was a black man, named Johnson.\\nThis man, Captain Shaler wrote, ought to be registered on the\\nbook of fame and remembered with reverence as long as bravery is con-\\nsidered a virtue.\\nA twenty-four pound shot struck him iu the hip aud tore away the\\nlower extremities of the body. In this pitiful state the poor fellow lay\\non the deck. Several times he exclaimed\\nFire away, boys; don t you neber haul dat color down!\\nThe other man killed was also a negro. Several times before he died\\nhe said\\nThrow me overboard, boys, I m only in de way ob de oders.\\nWith such stuff for sailors, even though black, America had little to\\nfear.\\nThere were dare-devil spirits among the privateersmen as well as in\\nthe regular service. To this class belonged Captain Boyle, who sailed\\nfirst on the Comet and afterwards on the Chasseur.\\nThis latter vessel was a beautiful brig, the fastest of all the private\\ncraft. The story of her cruises is an exciting tale of romance.\\nShe was here, and there, and everywhere, a veritable Phantom\\nShip. Sometimes she was in the West Indies, then on the coast of\\nPrance, then in the English and Irish channels, then off Portugal and\\nSpain, everywhere spreading terror among the vessels of England s mer-\\nchant marine.\\nEighty captured vessels is the Chasseur s record. Many of these ves-\\nsels were of great value. Three alone were worth four hundred thou-\\nsand dollars.\\nShe swept over the seas with grace and impunity. Her captain was\\nas bold as he was imprudent, and was confident that he could run if he\\ncould not fight.\\nWhile in the English Channel Boyle issued a burlesque proclamation.\\nThe English admirals, Warren and Cochrane, had repeatedly declared\\nthe ports of the United States blockaded, but it was no more effectual\\nthan the blockade of English ports inspired by fear of the Chasseur.\\nSaid Boyle in his mock proclamation:\\nI declare all the ports, harbors, bays, creeks, rivers, inlets, outlets\\nislands and sea coast of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "THE GENERAL ARMSTRONG\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE PRIVATEERS. 97\\nland in a state of blockade, and the Chasseur is sufficient force to compel\\nobedience.\\nThe story of all the two hundred and fifty privateersmen would fill\\nvolumes of romantic history. It would be a record of daring, boldness\\nand adventure almost unparalleled in the history of naval combats.\\nThe American private armed vessels bore a large share of the con-\\nflict, and carried such distress to England s commerce that chey caused\\nthe disappointment and chagrin of the British ministry which had\\nbrought on the war.\\nBy treaty, the great powers of the world have abolished privateering,\\nholding it to be an act of piracy.\\nSpain was not a party to this agreement, and at the beginning of the\\nSpanish-American war declared her intention to fit out privateers\\nagainst American merchantmen. She, however, never carried her de-\\nclared purpose into act.\\nCOMMODORE JOHN RODGERS.\\nThis intrepid naval officer was born in Hartford County, Maryland,\\non the 11th of July, 1771. His father was a patriotic Scotchman who\\nserved as colonel of militia during the year of independence.\\nLike many other distinguished American seamen John Rodgers en-\\ntered the merchant service when quite young. Beginning his seafaring\\nlife at thirteen years of age he became a captain at eighteen. He en-\\ntered the American navy as lieutenant in March, 1798.\\nHe was the executive officer of the Constellation when the French\\nfrigate L Insurgente was captured in 1799. For the services of Captain\\nTruxton, himself and brother officers Congress voted a silver medal and\\npassed a vote of thanks.\\nHe performed many brilliant deeds up to his appointment by senior-\\nity as chief in command of the home squadron cruising on the Atlantic\\ncoast. He sailed in his flagship, the President, with his fleet to inter-\\ncept the British West Indian vessels.\\nOn June 23d, 1812, he sighted a large British man-of-war. It proved\\nto be the Belvidera, a ship of thirty-six guns, under Captain Byron.\\nRodgers own shixJ carried forty-four guns.\\nThe wind suddenly died away, and the commodore found it impossi-\\nble to overhaul the Englishman. He, however, turned his bow-chasers\\non the vessel in the hope of crippling her and checking her headway.\\nRodgers pointed the gun with his own hands. It was the first shot of", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "98 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthe war. Another shot followed and another, all taking effect on the\\nstern of the Belvidera.\\nThen an unfortunate thing occurred. When the fourth gun was fired\\nit burst, tearing up the forecastle deck. The commodore was thrown\\ninto the air and his leg broken in the fall. Sixteen of the crew were\\neither killed or wounded.\\nThis unforeseen accident compelled the President to cease firing for\\na time. Taking advantage of the pause the Belvidera began to use her\\nstern guns and did considerable damage, killing several of the Presi-\\ndent s men.\\nThis state of things did not last long. As soon as the President re-\\nsumed her fire she did it with such eflVct that the Belvidera was forced\\nto lighten and try to run out of range. Her anchors were cut loose, water\\ncasks stove in, and boats thrown overboard. This lightened her sufifi-\\nciently to enable her to get out of range.\\nRodgers could not lighten. He was bound on a cruise, and needed\\nall his supplies. The chase had to be abandoned, though a parting broad-\\nside indicated the American sailor s disappointment.\\nBy tins time the rest of Captain Rodgers fleet had overtaken the\\nPresident, and again he directed the course in search of the Jamaica\\nfleet. Cocoanut shells and orange peelings floating in abundance near\\ntlie Newfoundland banks indicated that these tropical traders could\\nnot be far off.\\nSurer information was gained from the skipper of a British privateer,\\nwhich had been taken by the Hornet. This individual affirmed that he\\nhad seen the fleet; that there were eighty-one vessels convoyed by four\\nmen-of-war.\\nThey proved too fleet for Eodgers vessels, however, and though he\\nfollowed them until within a day s sail of the English Channel he was\\nunable to get a sight of their canvas.\\nThough the main object of the cruise was not accomplished, the\\nsquadron had captured seven merchantmen and recaptured an Ameri-\\ncan trader. After an absence of seventy days the fleet returned to\\nBoston.\\nAlarmed by the narrow escape of the Belvidera the English gathered\\ntheir ships in force. In July they appeared off New York and were evi-\\ndently on the hunt for the Yankee captain. The squadron presented a\\nformidable appearance. It was composed of the Africa, of sixty-four\\nguns; the Ouerriere, thirty-eight; the Shannon, thirty-eight; the Belvi-\\ndera, thirty-six, and the Aeolus, thirty-two.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE DAVID PORTER. 99\\nLuckily they failed to fall in with Captain Eodgers. Still they hung\\nabout the coast, pouncing on all American vessels that came in their\\nway. One of these was the little brig Nautilus, mounting fourteen guns.\\nLieutenant Crane had been but one day out of New York when he\\nunfortunately ran into the English fleet. There was no use to fight, so\\nhe made a desperate attempt to escape. The lee guns were thrown over-\\nboard. Every inch of sail was spread and the tanks were all started.\\nStill the little vessel set so low in the water that she was quickly over-\\ntaken and forced to strike.\\nTaking off her oflScers and crew, the British put on another sailing\\nforce and adopted the little craft into their service. Under her new\\nensign she continued to hover about the coast in company with the Eng-\\nlish squadron.\\nCommodore Rodgers died in Philadelphia, August 1, 1838.\\nCOMMODORE DAVID PORTER.\\nFive generations of the notable Porter family have served in the\\nJ American navy. Among the renowned members of these sturdy, patri-\\notic households Admiral David Porter is not the least. He was born in\\nBoston, Mass., on the first day of February, 1780.\\nWhen nineteen years of age he was appointed midshipman in the\\nUnited States frigate Constellation. After many exciting experiences\\nand adventures in which his wonderful skill and genius were displayed,\\nhe was assigned to the command of the Essex at the beginning of the\\nwar of 1812.\\nWhen Commodore Rodgers had cleared the harbor in search of the\\nJamaica fleet, Captain David Porter trimmed the sails of the Essex and\\nturned her prow to the southward. In the course of a few days, several\\nEnglish merchantmen had been captured, their crews taken on board\\nand the boats destroyed.\\nJust as Porter changed his course to the northward again, the for-\\nward watch reported a fleet of English traders convoyed by a large man-\\nof-war and a gunboat.\\nClose the lower ports and clear the decks! Stand by the guns; but\\nkeep out of the enemy s sight, were the captain s quick commands.\\nThus disguised, the Essex headed for the fleet. Porter soon over-\\nhauled the hindmost vessel.\\nWho are you? he asked.\\nA transport, with British soldiers, came the reply.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "100 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nWhen he had thus strategically determined the nature of the fleet,\\nPorter was anxious to overhaul the convoy and, if possible, take her by\\nsurprise.\\nPushing ahead in the darkness he came alongside a second vessel.\\nHer captain had his suspicions aroused while they were exchanging\\ngreetings and made ready to signal the fleet that a suspicious stranger\\nlay alongside.\\nPorter at once showed his real character and unmasked his guns.\\nIf you don t strike at once, and so quietly as not to disturb the sus-\\npicions of the rest of the fleet, I ll blow you out of the sea, said the\\nAmerican captain.\\nThere was nothing for the Englishman to do, but haul down his\\ncolors, and an American crew immediately took possession of the trans-\\nport, which had a hundred and fifty soldiers on board.\\nThe capture had occasioned some delay. In the meantime day\\ndawned. A surprise was no longer possible, and Porter had to give up\\nthe idea of capturing the fleet. The transports carried a thousand sol-\\ndiers and were under the protection of the Minei-va, a sh p of thirty-six\\nguns.\\nCaptain Porter had been so successful in his guise of merchantman\\nthat he continued his cruise with his gun-deck ports in, top-gallant\\nmasts housed, and slovenly trimmed sails.\\nHis little ruse soon proved effectual.\\nA sail appeared in sight. As soon as the Essex was sighted it boldly\\nbore down upon her.\\nCaptain Porter ran up his ensign and held his boat away under short-\\nened sail.\\nThe stranger, taking the movements to be an effort to escape, hoisted\\nthe English colors. Taking the weather-quarter she began a hot pursuit,\\nfiring her bow-chasers as she came on. At this Porter threw off all\\ndisguise.\\nOpen the ports, he commanded the men who had been standing\\nby the guns, and begin firing.\\nThe enemy were thunderstruck. Gun crews left their places and fled\\nbelow. In eight minutes her ensign was down and Porter was in pos-\\nsession of his majesty s ship the Alert, carrying twenty guns.\\nThis was the first capture of a fighting vessel by the Americans since\\nthe beginning of the war. Its facility surprised the British, and not the\\nleast the Americans themselves, who had seemingly come to believe in\\nthe invincibility of the English navy.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE RICHARD DALE. 101\\nIt was by no means a bloody encounter. On the Alert three men had\\nbeen wounded, while the Essex had not received a scratch.\\nThe officers of the Alert were severely taken to task for their misfor-\\ntune by the British government, and the first lieutenant was cashiered.\\nPorter was anxious to get rid of his prize. The prisoners seemed to\\nbe irritated because they had fallen such easy victims to the Essex, and\\nshowed a disposition to rise. Accordingly he converted his prize into\\na cartel and sent her into St. Johns.\\nThe Essex, relieved of her rebellious captive, continued her cruise\\nand soon afterwards fell in with two British frigates. Porter, who\\nseemed fond of strategy, laid a plan to pick one of them off by boarding\\nher during the night. This scheme, however, failed. The night was very\\nthick and in the darkness his intended victim gave him the slip. Por-\\nter could not pursue her as he was forced to put into the Delaware for\\nsupplies.\\nAs the Alert was the first national vessel of war which had struck\\nher colors since the declaration of hostilities the affair was invested with\\npeculiar interest to the American people.\\nCommodore Porter died in Pera, near Constantinople, Turkey, March\\n3, 1843.\\nCOMMODORE RICHARD DALE\\nCommodore Richard Dale was born near Norfolk, Va., November\\n6, 1756. After many thrilling adventures and escapes from the British\\nauthorities, he allied himself with Paul Jones and became first lieuten-\\nant of the Bon Homme Richard. In the famous battle with the Serapis\\nhe received a severe wound.\\nIn the engagement of the U. S. vessel, the Trumbull, in August, 1781,\\nwith the British vessels, the Iris and the Monk, he received his third\\nwound.\\nHe was the commodore of the MediteiTanean squadron during the\\ntroubles with Tripoli. Lord Nelson, who had closely watched the skill\\ndisplayed by Dale in the mangement of his ships, made the significant\\nremark\\nThere is a nucleus of trouble in the handling of these trans-At-\\nlantic squadrons for the navy of Great Britain.\\nThe prophecy was fulfilled when the war of 1812 took place, in\\nwhich Dale did not participate. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., February\\n26, 1826.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "103 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nCAPTAIN NICHOLAS BIDDLE,\\nCaptain Biddle was one of the bravest of the Revolutionary heroes.\\nHis tragic death cutting him off in the midst of his great usefulness\\nlends an added interest to his career. He was bom in Philadelphia\\nSeptember 10, 1750. He began his active life upon the sea at the age of\\nfourteen. When fifteen years of age he was shipwrecked on a shoal\\ncalled the Northern Triangles, and with three companions was com-\\npelled to remain for nearly two months on one of the small uninhab-\\nited islands near the reef.\\nHe afterwards made several European voyages in which he ac-\\nquired a thorough knowledge of seamanship.\\nIn 1770 he went to London and entered the British navy as a mid-\\nshipman. When an expedition was fitted out under the command of\\nthe Hon. Captain Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave, for the discovery\\nof a northwest oassage into the South Seas, young Biddle greatly de-\\nsired to go.\\nHe went to Captain Stirling, his commanding ofiBcer, to procure per-\\nmission for that purpose.\\nI cannot spare you, he said. Beside, the danger is very great.\\nBut the adventurous lad thought nothing of the danger of the expedi-\\ntion. He did, however, a far more dangerous thing. He left without\\npermission, laid aside his uniform, and shipped as a sailor before the\\nmast on board one of the vessels, the Carcase. On board he found Hora-\\ntio Nelson, England s future greatest naval admiral, who had received\\nthe coveted permission which had been denied young Biddle.\\nBoth boys were made cockswains before the voyage was over.\\nWith the beginning of the Eevolution, Biddle was in active service\\nfor the Colonies. He was appointed commander of the Andrea Doria, a\\nbrig of fourteen guns and a hundred and thirty men. Paul Jones, who\\nwas then a lieutenant, went on the same expedition with Captain Bid-\\ndle, who highly appreciated him.\\nThe Andrea Doria was so successful in capturing vessels that when\\nBiddle returned to the Delaware he had but five of his original crew, the\\nrest having been placed on prizes.\\nHe was afterwards placed in command of the Randolph, a frigate\\nof thirty-two guns, on June 6, 1776.\\nThe Randolph when off the shore of South Carolina encountered, on\\nMarch 7, 1777, the British man-of-war Yarmouth, carrying sixty-four", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "COMMODORE ALEXANDER MURRAY. 103\\nguns. The Randolph was unable to get away from her formidable an-\\ntagonist and 80 entered with wonderful energy upon the contest. She\\nfired three broadsides to the enemy s one, and while the battle lasted\\nappeared to be in a constant blaze.\\nCaptain Biddle was wounded soon after the engagement began. The\\nsurgeon came to examine him. While in the act of so doing and within\\ntwenty minutes of the opening of the fight the Randolph blew up.\\nOut of the three hundred and fifteen persons on board all perished\\nexcept four men, who were tossed about on a portion of the wreck before\\nthey were taken up. The gallant captain went down with his crew.\\nCOMMODORE ALEXANDER MURRAY.\\nThis brave naval ofiicer was born in Chestertown, Maryland, July\\n12, 1755. ne first served as captain in the Continental army in the\\nMaryland regiments, taking a conspicuous part in several hard fought\\nbattles.\\nHe afterward entered upon a seafaring life, engaging in privateering.\\nHe was a lieutenant along with Dale on the Trumbull and received a\\nsevere wound during its engagement with the Iris and the Monk.\\nThe Trumbull was towed the next day into New York without a\\nmast standing and several of her gun-ports beaten into one.\\nWhen the Revolutionary war terminated he had taken part in thir-\\nteen engagements on sea and shore.\\nWhile in command of the Mediterranean squadron in 1820, with his\\nflagship alone, the Constellation, he fought seventeen Tripolitan gun-\\nboats and drove them into the harbor.\\nHe joined with the British Admiral at the latter s request in receiv-\\ning with honor the Duke of Kent in the harbor of Malaga. He died\\nOctober 6, 1820, in Philadelphia.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII.\\nADMIRAL DAVID G. FARRAGUT.\\nDavid Glasgoe Farragut was born at Campbell s Station, Tennessee,\\nin 1801. His father was a native of Minorca Island, in the Mediter-\\nranean, but emigrated to the United States in 1776.\\nDavid was a lad of abnormal precocity. At nine years of age his\\nfather gratified his longing to be a sailor. Through the interest of his\\nfather s friend, Captain Porter, David secured a warrant as midshipman.\\nHe at once joined his ship and made several cruises under Captain Por-\\nter, though he was scarcely big enough to climb the rigging.\\nWhen the war of 1812 broke out Porter, as we have seen, was placed\\nin command of the Essex. Young Farragut, now eleven years old, ac-\\ncompanied him. His first baptism of fire was received in the battle with\\nthe Alei-t. In eight minutes he saw this sloop of war, of twenty guns,\\nstrike her colors to Captain Porter.\\nAgain Farragut was with Porter in his memorable cruise of a year in\\nthe Pacific. In the desperate encounter with the Phoebe and Cherub\\nFarragut was a man in all but years. He bore himself with courage and\\ncoolness through all the two hours of terrible carnage.\\nIt was in this battle that Farragut learned how to fight.\\nPorter made special mention of his young protege to the secretary\\nof the navy. The lad had fairly won a lieutenant s commission at twelve\\nyears of age, and it was with evident regret that Porter was compelled\\nto add, in spite of his gallant conduct, too young for promotion.\\nFarragut now enjoyed a brief school experience, but was sent to\\nthe MediteiTanean in 1816. From this time he was almost constantly\\nin active service. Promotion, however, comes slowly in times of peace,\\nand he waited until 1825 for his lieutenancy. In 1811 he was made\\ncommander; and in 1851, captain.\\nForty-one years of service, in which he had sailed on every sea and\\nvisited almost every country, had been necessary to gain this grade.\\nWhen the Civil War broke out Farragut was living in Norfolk. He\\nwas a Southerner by birth and had married a Southern lady. It was sup-\\n104", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL DAVID G. FARRAGUT. 105\\nposed, therefore, that he would cast in his lot with his people, as so many\\nSouthern officers had done. But he loyally declared:\\nI have no intention of abandoning that service in which I have lived\\nfrom childhood to old age.\\nWith such views, replied his friends, it will be dangerous for you\\nto live in the South.\\nVery well, he resolutely answered, I will then go where I can live\\nwith such sentiments.\\nWhen the Federal Government undertook to capture New Orleans in\\nthe fall of 1861, Captain Farragut, who was promoted to the grade of flag\\nofficer, was put in command of the naval expedition.\\nA powerful fort on either bank guarded the passage to the city.\\nThese forts were armed with one hundred and twenty-eight heavy guns,\\nand garrisoned by fifteen hundred Confederate troops. A heavy chain,\\nsupported on sunken hulks, blocked the stream, while above the forts lay\\na fleet of seventeen vessels.\\nFarragut had six war steamers, sixteen gunboats, five other ships,\\nand twenty-one mortars.\\nYou can never hope to get by the Southern batteries, said the\\nofficer of a French man-of-war, who had been to New Orleans.\\nI am ordered to go to New Orleans, replied Farragut, and I intend\\nto do so.\\nFor a week the gunboats threw shells at the forts, to no effect. Far-\\nragut saw that he must watch his chance and run by.\\nWhatever is to be done, he told his officers, must be done quickly.\\nOn the night of April 21st the chain across the river was cut, leaving\\na wide gap for the passage of the fleet. Three nights later the fleet was\\nswinging idly at anchor in midstream. At two o clock, two red lanterns\\nslowly ascended to the peak of the flagship s mizzenmast.\\nIt was the expected signal for close action.\\nIn two columns the fleet steamed up the river. The vessels were\\nhardly under way before the watchful Confederates opened fire. The\\nboats answered gun for gun, as they steadily advanced, the flagship\\nleading the way with the signal for close action still flying at her mizzen-\\ntop.\\nIt was a sublime sight. Fierce flashes of guns lighted the river and\\nforts, which had become more deeply shrouded by volumes of smoke.\\nSuddenly a blaze of flame lighted the river. It was a fire raft sent\\ndown the stream. The flagship turns her head to avoid the danger and\\nin a moment is aground.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "106 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThe fire raft, as if instinct with reason, floats alongside. Tarragut,\\nwith infinite coolness, keeps the men at the guns. The firemen fight the\\nflames that blaze in the Hartford s rigging.\\nThe engines are reversed, and hy a powerful effort the boat backs into\\ndeep water. The firemen continue to fight the flames until they are sub-\\ndued. The fleet moves steadily on and finally it is past the forts.\\nBut the battle is not yet won. The Confederate fleet lies waiting\\nabove. A desperate conflict ensues; but when the morning sun break*\\nthrough the smoke and mists nothing longer obstructs the Union fleet.\\nThirteen out of seventeen of the Confederate vessels have been sunk or\\nburned. A thrilling shout goes up from the fleet of the victorious\\nFarragut.\\nAfter the surrender of New Orleans Farragut ascended the river to\\ntake part in the operations against Vicksburg. Twice he passed the\\nforts which guarded that place, but was unable to reduce them, though\\nhis fleet lay for two hours before the works, pouring in a continuous hail\\nof shot and shell. Farragut then returned to New Orleans.\\nGrant at length turned his military eye on Vicksburg and determined\\nthat it must be taken. Farragut Avas ordered to co-operate with his\\nfleet. To do this he must pass Port Uudson, one hundred miles below\\nVicksburg, which had been strongly fortified by the Confederates.\\nBatteries lined the banks for four miles. To pass these was the sever-\\nest test to which a wooden fleet had ever been subjected.\\nOn the 17th of March FaiTagut made the attempt. All day the mor-\\ntar boats engaged the lower batteries. When night came on he lashed\\nhis ships in pairs and started to run the awful gauntlet.\\nThe Confederates had made ample preparation. As soon as the fleet\\nstarted, bonfires were lighted, which illuminated the river with a noon-\\nday brightness. The Union vessels became conspicuous marks.\\nOn the other hand the smoke from the guns on the boats obscured\\nthe river so that there was constant danger of collision. An officer stood\\nat each prow straining his eyes to direct the vessel s course through the\\nthickening gloom.\\nFor an hour and a half the battle raged. The roar of cannon was\\ndeafening. At last the flagship Hartford, and her consort, emerged\\nfrom the awful fire and passed into the river above. But they were\\nalone. The rest of the fleet was driven back crippled and disabled.\\nIn March, 1863, the rank of Rear Admiral was created by a special act\\nof Congress. President Lincoln bestowed this high honor upon Far-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL DAVID G. FARRAGUT. 107\\nragut with the words, As a reward for your gallant and meritorious\\nservices during the war.\\nIn January, 18G4, Farragut sailed for Mobile Bay to take part in the\\noperations against its defenses.\\nIn the latter part of July the Rear Admiral felt himself strong enough\\nto pass the two granite forts, Morgan and Gaines, and give battle to the\\nConfederate fleet within the harbor.\\nKnowing that the smoke would be dense over the water, the Admiral\\nlashed himself to the maintop to get a view of the entire conflict.\\nForts and batteries opened fire, but the broadsides from the fleet\\ndrove the men from their guns and the Union fleet sailed on hy.\\nJust at this time the Tecumseh struck a torpedo and went to the\\nbottom with all on board. The Brooklyn, the next in line, began to\\nback to avoid the mines, and threatened to break up the line of advance.\\nFarragut saw the danger, and, regardless of torpedoes, pushed ahead\\nand led the fleet into the bay.\\nThe Confederate mail-clad ram, Tennessee, now made a dash at the\\nHartford, but turned again towards the protection of the forts. Farra-\\ngut thought the battle was over, and sent his light vessels in pursuit of\\nthe gunboats.\\nAt this juncture, the Tennessee again left her place of refuge. Her\\nintention seemed to be to sink the flagship. Every available Union ves-\\nsel was ordered to open fire on her or run her down. It was of no avail.\\nOne after another the Union boats dealt the Tennessee a heavy blow.\\nAll were forced to withdraw seriously crippled, while the ram kept on\\nuninjured.\\nThe fortune of the day now hung on the flagship. Putting on all\\nsteam she headed for her invincible antagonist, but the Tennessee\\nsheered and received a glancing blow.\\nBroadside after broadside was poured on the protected ram without\\nmaking any impression. The wooden walls of the Hartford were cut\\ndown to within two feet of the water. She was supposed to be sinking.\\nSave the Admiral! was the cry. Get the Admiral out of the ship I\\nBut the Admiral from his lofty position saw that his shiu was safe\\nand gave the order:\\nPut the boat about and ram the Tennessee again.\\nThe converging fire of the whole Federal fleet had wrought havoc\\non the ram Tennessee. As the Hartford, a second time, swept down\\nupon her, her plucky captain reluctantly lowered his flag and the bat-\\ntle was over.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "108 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nFarragut s loss In this desperate contest had been two hundred and\\ntwenty killed and wounded. He was promoted to the rank of Vice-Ad-\\nmiral and presented with a gift of fifty thousand dollars by the citizens\\nof New York.\\nIn July, 1866, when Congress created the full rank of Admiral, he\\nwas promoted to that grade by the President.\\nAdmiral Farragut died August 14, 1870, at the age of sixty-nine. His\\nbody lies interred in the beautiful Woodlawn Cemetery in New York\\nCity.\\nFit to rank with England s great naval commander, Lord Horatio\\nNelson, the Hero of Trafalgar, is America s great Admiral David\\nGlasgoe Farragut, Old Heart of Oak!\\nADMIRAL DAVID D. PORTER.\\nAdmiral David Dixon Porter was born in Chester, Delaware County,\\nPa., June 8, 1813. He entered the U. S. navy as midshipman February\\n2, 1829. He was on a vessel which cruised on the Mediterranean for\\nquite a period. He then served on the coast survey until he was pro-\\nmoted to lieutenant February 27, 1841. He served successively on the\\nMediterranean and Brazilian waters, at the naval observatory at Wash-\\nington and during the Mexican war. During the Civil war he rendered\\nmost efficient service.\\nWhen General Banks was operating against the Confederates in\\nTexas, he had need of the Mississippi squadron to aid his efforts in the\\nRed River region. Admiral Porter was accordingly dispatched to his\\naid with fifteen gunboats, three light steamboats, and transports filled\\nwith soldiers.\\nArriving too late to take part in the capture of Fort de Russy, Por-\\nter set off for Grand Ecore. Here he turned the flat boats over to Gen-\\neral Banks and with the rest of the fleet turned towards Shreveport.\\nThe stream was full of snags, logs, and sand-bars which made prog-\\nress very slow. During the frequent delays Porter desired the use of a\\nhorse, and so expressed himself to Gorringe, the captain of the flagship.\\nIn less than three hours Gorringe reported to the Admiral and turned\\nover to him a fine black animal.\\nAs the Admiral rode out that evening he met the lady who owned\\nthe horse.\\nAre you enjoying your ride? she asked bitterly, and added, I\\nhope you will be good enough to return the horse before you leave.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL DAVID D. PORTER. 109\\nThe next day Porter rode down to the house to return the horse and\\nthank the lady for the use of it. She met him with a long story about\\nthat old thief of an Admiral, whom she did not know by sight.\\nShe said she had raised twenty-two bales of cotton. General Kirby\\nSmith was to pay her ten cents a pound for it, and pass it through the\\nUnion lines. This would bring her in thirteen hundred and twenty\\ndollars.\\nBut in comes that old skinflint of an Admiral, she said, and steals\\nall my cotton, hams, and sugar and sends them on board his vessel.\\nDo you know the name of the vessel and the captain? asked\\nPorter.\\nShe said she did, and gave the names. Porter sent word to the cap-\\ntain that he would give him four hours to return the things.\\nThe next day the lady was profuse in her thanks.\\nI ll give you a horse fit for a king, she said.\\nSell him to me. I don t take gifts; or, better, lend him to me, said\\nPorter.\\nBut there is one thing you must do, said the unsuspecting lady;\\nyou must give me your name.\\nIf you will give me pen and paper I will write it for you, said\\nPorter.\\nThen her guest wrote out his name in full Admiral David D. Por-\\nter, the great old thief of the widow and orphan.\\nAfter leaving Grand Ecore the fleet was surprised by a heavy attack\\nfrom shore batteries.\\nGive those fellows a two-second shell, Gorringe, said the Admiral;\\nand another, he added, as the first sent the enemy flying.\\nBut the Confederate fire was very deadly. The flagship was shaken\\nby a shower of shells. Gorringe, who was the skilful engineer that\\nbrought from Egypt the obelisk which now stands in Central Park, New\\nYork, was seriously wounded in the head.\\nI m all right, he said to the Admiral, I won t give up the wheel.\\nThe men at the howitzers had all been killed or wounded. Springing\\nforward. Porter ordered some slaves, who had come on board at Grand\\nEcore, to follow him.\\nFire the guns off! he shouted. Don t let them think that we are\\nhurt.\\nSo the black men kept one gun in action; but no one was left to fire\\nanother. The engineer was dead with his hand on the throttle, which\\n8", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "110 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nhis (lying agonies had closed. Porter again set the engine in motion and\\nthe boat passed on out of danger.\\nAt Alexandria there was not water enough to carry the fleet over the\\nfalls. In eight days Porter, at the suggestion and with the aid of Lieu-\\ntenant-Colonel Bailey, of Wisconsin, had built a dam seven hundred and\\nfifty-eight feet long and raised the water sufficiently high to float the\\nboats.\\nColonel Bailey was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general for the\\nvaluable assistance he gave the navy at this time.\\nPorter had been with Farragut when he made his famous trip up\\nthe river to New Orleans, and as commander of the gunboats he shared\\nwith him in the glories of that daring exploit.\\nAt Vicksburg he had aided in the naval operations, in connection\\nwith its siege, and finally, when Farragut took command of the Gulf\\nsquadron, Porter was left in charge of the important movements on the\\nMississippi.\\nLater in the war, when he was transferred to the Atlantic coast, he\\nurged the famous attack on Fort Fisher. On January 13, 1S05, the con-\\nflict began. Shells hissed through the air, blazed and flashed, then\\nburst with fearful noise and shock. Great clouds of smoke and sand hid\\nthe fort from sight, but the Confederate flag still wavetl.\\nDarkness came on and the storm of battle lulled. With the morning\\nlight, sixteen hundred sailors and four hundred marines were sent\\nashore.\\nBoard the sea face, while the troops assault the land side, was the\\nAdmiral s order.\\nA storm of shells and grape shot was launched into the faces of the\\nmarines. Twice they were swept back, and twice they rallied to front\\nthe hill that seemed one mass of repellant fire.\\nThe bodies of the brave fellows who had fallen covered the bloody\\nbeach. Till darkness came on the surviving heroes held their ground.\\nThen, when the enemy could no longer see them, the little handful that\\nremained forced their way into the fort. Soon the white flag was raised\\nby the besieged in token of surrender.\\nThis was one of the closing scenes of the war. The army and navy\\nhad joined hands in this last attack, and the Union fleet added imperish-\\nable laurels to the fame of its commander, the gallant and dashing\\nPorter.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "LIEUTENANT WILLIAM BARKER GUSHING. Ill\\nLIEUTENANT WILLIAM BARKER GUSHING.\\nThe Civil war disclosed a host of lieroes. Few attained the undy-\\ning fame of Lieutenant William B. Gushing. He was born in Wisconsin,\\nNovember 24, 1842, and was appointed to the naval academy from New\\nYork in 1857.\\nHis daring exploits and hairbreadth escapes in the naval service\\nsoon gave him high rank as one of the most fearless of young men. He\\nfaced Gonfederate lead and iron with seeming immunity, and placed\\nhimself almost in the hands of his enemies, yet without capture.\\nIn February, 1864, Gushing was with the blockading fleet off Wil-\\nmington, in command of the Monticello. The dull routine of blockade\\nduty grew irksome and he sought diversion in a daring raid up the river.\\nEnsign Jones and Master s Mate Howarth, with twenty men, formed\\nthe party. He chose a dark night, and with two boats, stole quietly\\npast the Confederate forts and up the river to Smithville. His object\\nv\\\\ as to land at the town, seize the commanding oflScer, and, boarding\\nwhat vessels he might find in the harbor, run them down the river.\\nHiding the men and two boats under the bank he went off alone.\\nSome slaves gave Gushing the information he desired and he returned to\\nthe shore.\\nHe now set off with the two officers and a sailor for the Gonfederate\\ngeneral s headquarters. These were directly in front of the barracks,\\nwhere there were a thousand men, who might easily have shot or cap-\\ntured the rash young lieutenant and his companions.\\nIt so happened that there were no Confederate boats then at the\\nwharf. General Herbert, too, was away and the adjutant-general took\\nto the woods. However, Gushing seized upou an officer of inferior rank\\nand took him to his boats, passing within pistol shot of the sentry on\\nthe wharf.\\nThe adjutant, who had forgotten, in his haste, to call out the troops,\\nnow signaled to the forts that vessels were in the harbor.\\nBefore the guns could open fire Gushing and his men were safe on\\nboard the Monticello.\\nFour months later Gushing again set out on a night foray. Jones\\nand Howarth and fifteen men made up the party. Taking one of the\\nMonticello s small boats Gushing headed for Wilmington.\\nSuddenly the moon, which had beeu thickly obscured, came out and\\ndisclosed the boat to the sentries on the shore. Gushing at once turned", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "112 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nin towards the bank where the shadows hid them. Thus he worked his\\nway quietly to within seven miles of the city.\\nHiding the boat in the swamp, the men kept out of sight all day. At\\nnight Gushing was on the move. He captured two boat-loads of fisher-\\nmen and made them act as guides. All night he spent in studying how\\nthe river was blockaded below the town, and at daybreak again went\\ninto hiding.\\nWhen the men were safely concealed, he struck off for the main road\\nbetween Wilmington and Fort Fisher. Here he lay in wait to see what\\nhe might capture.\\nSoon came a horseman with the mail from the fort. Gushing seized\\nmail, horse, and man, and returned to the boats. Disguising Howarth in\\nthe mail-man s clothes, he sent him on a successful trip for food. When\\nnight came on they started for the Monticello.\\nGushing had nearly reached the harbor when he was seen by a guard\\nboat. He made ready to attack her, but at that moment three others\\ncame out of the shadows of the shore, and five more from the other side.\\nGushing now turned his boat towards the only place left open. Here\\nhe beheld a schooner filled with troops.\\nIt seemed as if his boat was losti\\nBut Gushing s pluck did not fail him. Quickly turning his boat he\\nmade a dash towards the bar on the west. The enemy tried to head him\\noff, but the young lieutenant dodged them in the shadows and then sped\\nfor the harbor.\\nThe men were as cool as their lieutenant. The oars kept perfect time,\\nand at each stroke the boat was farther and farther from danger.\\nThese exploits were an unpremeditated training for the heroic deed\\nof blowing up the Albemarle, the noted Confederate ram.\\nThis formidable vessel had been creating havoc with the Union\\nboats. Nothing could withstand her crushing onset, and shot and shell\\nmade no impre.ssion on her iron sides.\\nThe authorities at Washington knew that another like boat was\\nbuilding, and if completed the two would be able to destroy all the gun-\\nboats of the Federal government.\\nYoung Gushing, meantime, had been thinking.\\nThe result of his cogitation was a plan which he submitted to Ad-\\nmiral Lee. This plan was to rig a spar, with a hundred pounds of dyna-\\nmite at the end, to the bow of a swift steam launch; sail the boat up\\nthe Roanoke at night, and, making for the Albemarle, lower the spar\\nand explode the charge under her hull.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "LIEUTENANT WILLIAM BARKER GUSHING. 113\\nGushing was chosen for the dangerous and seemingly hopeless task.\\nHe was known to be cool and brave. He said he wanted but seven men\\nto go with him. All knew that it was a desperate chance, that in all\\nprobability none of them would return; but this seemed only to stimu-\\nlate their zeal.\\nAll was made ready. The spar was fourteen feet long and could be\\nlowered by a rope, beneath the water. With another rope the dynamite\\ncould be detached, and by a third the charge could be exploded.\\nThe ram lay at Plymouth, eight miles up the river. Confederate sen-\\ntinels patrolled the banks. Batteries were ready to blow the daring\\nadventurers out of the water at a fair shot.\\nGushing knew all this, but felt no fear.\\nIt was about midnight when the boat started on her voyage of de-\\nstruction. Each man of his crew had his place and knew his duty.\\nGushing stood on the deck to work the ropes that would guide and ex-\\nplode the huge torpedo.\\nHis original plan was to land at the wharf, board the Albemarle and\\nrun her off down the river. For the execution of this scheme he had\\nbrought two boat loads of men in tow. If he should be unable to sur-\\nprise the Gonfederates he would then use the torpedo.\\nAs he now turned in to the wharf his boat was seen.\\nWhat boat goes there? came from the Albemarle.\\nNo answer.\\nWhat boat goes there? came louder and sharper than before.\\nStill no answer; but Cushing s thoughts were working fast.\\nGast off! he said quietly to the men in the two boats that he had\\nbeen towing. Slowly they drifted away.\\nMuskets began to flash from shore and from the ports of the Albe-\\nmarle. He could hear the hurried orders given on the ironclad. Bullets\\nwhizzed past him.\\nAhead fast! He gave this command and the launch dashed for the\\nram. But a chain of logs had been placed about the vessel to protect\\nher from just such an attack.\\nGushing never for a moment lost his head. His ready wit had in-\\nstantly solved the problem. He would back out into the river and with\\nall steam on drive for the logs. The prow would glide over the timbers\\nthat had become slippery from lying in the water and he could then get\\nat the ram.\\nPut the helm about. Gushing said to the man at the tiller; circle", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "114 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nout into the stream till the spar points straight for the ironclad and then\\nrun for her full tilt.\\nHe knew that once over the logs he could never return with the\\nboat. It was even doubtful if he ever got over. Muskets were flashing;\\na ball went through the back of his coat; another tore away the sole of\\nhis shoe. But there was no hesitation.\\nWhat boat goes there? again came from the Albemarle.\\nGushing sent a charge of canister from the howitzer in the bow as\\na reply.\\nThe launch is over the logs!\\nLeave the ram! We re going to blow you up! shouted the young\\nlieutenant.\\nBefore him yawned the gloomy muzzle of a cannon, but he did not\\nflinch. The spar dropped, dishing pulled the cord to detach the torpedo.\\nThen a pause. A bullet wounded him in the hand. Just as a cannon\\nflashed within two yards of his face he pulled the third coil.\\nThe Albemarle gave a lurch; the water rose in a great column and\\nthe Albemarle settled, never to rise to battle again.\\nSurrender! surrender! cried the enemy!\\nSave yourselves, men, said Gushing, and taking off coat, shoes, and\\nside arms led the way into the water. The Confederates were soon out\\nin boats to capture them. As the swimmers neared the farther shore\\none man went down; the remainder of the crew w ere captured. Gush-\\ning alone escaped.\\nAs the boats passed and repassed him ho heard the voices of his pur-\\nsuers, but they could not see him. Weak and chilled he climbed the\\nbank on the farther side.\\nPast sentinels and search parties he crawled on his face to a marsh.\\nBy daylight he had worked his way through this into comparative\\nsafety. Meeting a negro. Gushing bribed him to go to Plymouth and\\nlearn what damage had been done. When the man came back he\\nreported\\nMassa, she s got a hole in her side, big enough to dribe a two-boss\\nwagin in.\\nGushing now struck out for the Union fleet. Goming to a little creek\\nhe stole a boat. At dark he came into the Boanoke. He was weary for\\nwant of food and from the tense excitement of the last twenty-four\\nhours. Still he kept on going. At midnight he sighted a vessel.\\nShip ahoy! he shouted with all the strength he had left.\\nValley Gity, came the welcome response from the watch on deck.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "LIEUTENANT WILLIAM BARKER GUSHING. 115\\nA cheer such as only sailors can give, went up from the deck as they\\nlifted his exhausted form on board. No one supposed that Lieutenant\\nGushing was alive or that his exploit was a success. The hardy men\\nlooked with astonished pride upon his face and listened eagerly to the\\nrecital of his thrilling story.\\nFor completeness, skill and success the destruction of the Albemarle\\nhas no parallel in the annals of history. The cool, bold, daring author\\nand executioner of the plan was at this time but twenty-one years of\\nage.\\nLieutenant Gushing died in Washington, D. G., December 17, 1S74,\\nat the age of thirty-two.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX.\\nADMIRAL WILLIAM T. SAMPSON.\\nLike many other notable men William T. Sampson appears to have\\ninherited his mentality very largely from his mother. Although she\\nwas the wife of an ordinary day laborer and her time was fully occu-\\npied with household cares, she has a face which is expressive of great\\nrefinement and rare sweetness. Her little troop of eight children were\\ntenderly cared for and trained in the ways of wisdom and righteousness.\\nThe elder Sampson was an Irish immigrant who came to York State\\nin 1836 and settled on the bank of the Erie canal near Palmyra. He\\nmade a scanty living for his family by digging ditches, sawing wood, or\\ndoing any other odd jobs that might come in his way. He appears to\\nhave been a man of clean habits and honest purpose, but it was the\\nmother who thirsted for knowledge, especially for her children, and\\nit was she who placed in their hands every standard work within her\\nreach.\\nIn 1840 William, her first child, was born, and he was the heir\\napparent to a heritage of hard work and privation. At that time edu-\\ncational advantages even in central New York were still in a somewhat\\nprimitive condition, and the boy s early lessons were in the manual\\ntraining school where the pickaxe and shovel were the practical imple-\\nments of development.\\nThe mother, however, was willing to assume any possible burden\\nrather than to have her children deprived of their educational privi-\\nleges, such as they were, so William soon found his place in the school\\nroom where he worked faithfully during the short terms, and during\\nthe vacations supplemented his father s efforts by any manual labor\\nthat offered itself, sometimes working in a brick yard for twenty-five\\ncents a day.\\nDuring his seventeenth year there was a vacancy in the Naval Acad-\\nemy and two boys of influential parentage were talked of for the\\nposition. It is a well known fact that these places are generally used\\nby congressmen for the strengthening of their own political positions,\\nand the closing up of the ranks in their party lines, but fortunately for\\nthe ditch-digger s son, the mothers of the other boys refused to allow\\nIIG", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL WILLIAM T. SAMPSON. 117\\nthem to enter the naval ranks, and Congressman Morgan, of Aurora,\\nthen asked the principal of the Palmyra school who was his brightest\\npupil. The name of Wm. T. Sampson was given, but his father ob-\\njected, for the boy was now old enough to do a man s work and his\\nstrong arms were needed for the support of the family.\\nThe mother, however, came to the rescue, and crowding back the\\ntears that would come at the thought of his long and perhaps con-\\ntinued absence, she pleaded his cause so earnestly that the case was\\nwon, and it so happened that when his official appointment came the\\nfuture Admiral of the United States Navy was developing a sturdy\\nmanhood by digging a ditch connected with some public improvement\\nin the streets of Palmyra.\\nThus it was that the first time the boy left his native town it was\\nto be thrown into a class of a hundred young men in the Naval Acad-\\nemy. Here he did faithful work, fighting desperately all through the\\ncourse for the first place, which he won at last, and was graduated at\\nthe head of his class. His methods of work were steady he went at\\nhis subjects with the same dogged persistency with which he would\\ndig a ditch; and when completed, the job was thoroughly done.\\nDuring his first furlough the young midshipman went cheerfully\\nto work helping his father at the old employments, carrying the saw-\\nbuck on his shoulder, even while he wore the first overcoat he had ever\\nowned the one which he drew with his uniform as a cadet. It was\\nduring this first furlough that there was some question in snobbish\\ncircles as to whether it would be proper to invite to social functions\\na young man who, although wearing the naval uniform of the United\\nStates, still persisted in humble menial occupation, but the nobler ele-\\nment prevailed and it was at one of these parties that young Sampson\\nmet Miss Margaret Aldrich, who became his wife only three years later.\\nHis home life is unpretentious and attended with much real happi-\\nness. He is the father of two sons still in their minority, and he has\\nfour womanly daughters, two of whom have married naval officers. The\\nAdmiral is now living with his second wife, Margaret having died in\\n1878.\\nHe was married four years afterward to Miss Elizabeth Burling.\\nHis wife claims that he is never violently angry and never in a hurry\\na certain evenness of temper and calm deliberation marking all his\\nmovements.\\nAfter his graduation from the Naval Academy in 1861 he was ap-\\npointed a master and one year later became a lieutenant and was", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "118 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nassigned to an old sailing ship which was then used as a practice-ship\\nfor the naval cadets.\\nThe country was even now in the throes of Civil War and Sampson\\nwas anxious for practical service under the Stars and Stripes. The\\nopportunity soon came and he was assigned to the ironclad Patapsco,\\nthen doing blockade duty off the coast of Charleston. Near the close\\nof the war his ship was blown up by a torpedo from the hand of the\\nenemy and every officer in the forward wardroom was instantly killed.\\nThe Captain, however, stepped into one of the boats which floated as\\nthe ship sank. Sampson, springing to a boarding netting, his foot\\ncaught in one of the meshes and he was carried down with the sinking\\nship, but when the terrible downward strain was partly over he slipped\\nhis foot out, rose to the surface and was rescued.\\nAfter the war was over he was sent on several long cruises but they\\nwere interspersed with some years of shore duty. During this time he\\nwas for five years connected with the Naval Academy as instructor,\\nand in 1886 he became the superintendent. This work covered the de-\\npartments of chemistry, metallurgy, physics and astronomy. His faith-\\nfulness in technical details became so well known that he was often\\nassigned to important special duties, and also to the direction of some\\nof the government s great business institutions.\\nFrom 1S93 to 1897, as chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, he directed\\nthe expenditure of about |6,000,000 every year. His scientific attain-\\nments found ample scope here, and at the Naval Gun Factory, where\\nhe was the superintendent in 1892.\\nIn 1897 Sampson was ordered to the command of the Iowa, a ship\\nwith the construction of which he had been closely identified, and the\\nnext year found him second in command on the North Atlantic Squad-\\nron. Soon afterward Admiral Sicard was compelled to retire on ac-\\ncount of failing health and thus William T. Sampson became the com-\\nmander-in-chief, being at once appointed to that position.\\nHis faithfulness in the whole campaign and especially during the\\nlong and trying blockade is fully recognized a faithfulness constantly\\non the alert during the weeks of duty under a tropical sun and in the\\nface of a wily and powerful foe. It was not his good fortune to be\\nin at the death, but his whole command had long been ready for any\\nemergency and splendidly did the great battleships and their heroic\\nmen come to the front when the opportunity was given.\\nThe terrible battle off Santiago will always be remembered as one", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "REAR-ADMIRAL IVINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY. 119\\nof the sublimest sea fights, and one of the most brilliant victories known\\nto history.\\nREAR-ADMIRAL WIXFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY.\\nMaryland, luy Maryland, is the home of Rear-Admiral Schley. A\\nnative of the State that also gave to the world the author of our national\\nanthem, he was born in sight of Mount Vernon. Like many other emi-\\nnent men, he is a son of the soil, and his early years were spent on the\\ngreat farm of three hundred acres or more, four miles north of Frederick\\nCity. The founder of the house of Schley in America was Thomas, who\\nwas an Alsatian by descent but who made his home in the town of Fred-\\nerick, Maryland, in the latter portion of the eighteenth century. One\\nof his sons was John T. Schley, who married a beautiful Baltimore\\ngirl by the name of Virginia McClure. Five children were born to this\\nfamily, the little boy who came to them in 1840 being now a man whom\\nall America delights to honor.\\nJohn T. Schley was a great admirer and personal friend of General\\nWinfield Scott, and when the new baby was only a few days old, the\\nvenerable general made a visit to the Maryland farm, spending a few\\ndays with his friend, and while he was there the boy was christened\\nwith the name of Winfield Scott Schley in honor of the distinguished\\nguest.\\nScott, as he was usually called, grew into a vigorous and assertive\\nlad who was full of fun and mischief a veritable barefoot boy, from\\nthe ranks of which the brightest lights in the world of letters and of\\nscholars, as well as the most brainy of our business men, have come.\\nAside from his home training, the little fellow traveled nearly two miles\\neach way to a very ordinary country school where he learned the rudi-\\nments of letters and a great number of things which were not set down\\nin the regular curriculum.\\nWide awake and full of mischief, he soon became the leader of the\\nclan of small boys who so readily inspired the neighborhood with a con-\\nviction that some of them would come to a very bad end. To his credit\\nbe it said, however, his fun was innocent and jolly, although the victims\\nof some of his harmless pranks were wont to prophesy evil concerning\\nhim. He was fond of fishing and spent many days wandering along\\nthe banks of the Monocacy River, throwing his bait into the stream\\nand filling his lungs with the fresh air which helped to lay the founda-\\ntion of that tough and wiry physique which still serves him so well.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "120 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nHis first great sorrow came tu hiia iu the death of his beautiful\\nmother, who left her little ones when Scott was only a little over twelve\\nyears of age. His father afterward married again, but it seldom falls\\nto the lot of a bereft family to find another mother iu the truest sense\\nof the word. The new incumbent of the position in the Schley family\\nmust have been a failure in some ways, as her administration resulted\\nin a division of the little flock.\\nWhen about sixteen years of age the youth was appointed cadet to\\nthe United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, September 20, 1856,\\nand he made an exemplary student so far as actual work was concerned,\\nbut here, as elsewhere, he did not forget that there are other desirable\\nthings in a pupil s life besides study.\\nHe was fond of society and popular with the girls as well as with\\nthe young men. He was a graceful dancer, and almost a dandy in his\\nfastidious and dainty attire.\\nHe completed his Academic course in 1860 and was soon after\\nassigned to duty on the United States ship Niagara with the rank of a\\nmidshipman. This was the beginning of those long and weary voyages\\nwhich have taken him away from home and friends during the greater\\nportion of his life. No wonder that he once said with great pathos:\\nMany years of my life have been spent away from home, with\\nnothing of my country to bow to, but its glorious flag.\\nThere were many things which grievously tried his patience on this,\\nhis first voyage, for his young blood was often fretted with the severe\\nlessons of discipline which were now reduced to actual practice. Almost\\nthe first service of the Niagara after he was assigned to her was the\\ntaking home of the members of the Japanese embassy.\\nBefore the Niagara returned from this long voyage, the great Re-\\npublic was quivering with the shock of secession, and omens of a terri-\\nble fratricidal war were darkening the whole horizon. No news of the\\ncoming strife had reached the ship speeding on her homeward way, until\\nan American port was reached and the pilot came on board.\\nWhat is the news? was the eager question to the first man from\\nthe shore.\\nA big war is on us, he answered, the Southern troops have fired\\non Fort Sumter, and the whole country is crazy with excitement.\\nThis news of fearful import was received with consternation, but\\nunder it all was a deep feeling of patriotism and a firm resolve to meet\\nthe crisis in a manly way, let the cost be what it would. There were\\nmen from the South as well as from the North who were doing duty", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "REAR-ADMIRAL WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY. 121\\nunder the Stars and Stripes men who never knew until that niomenr\\nthat one section of their country had been arrayed against another por-\\ntion of home and native land.\\nThe commander of the Niagara called his officers into the cabin for\\nconsultation, and there drew up a declaration of loyalty, asking all who\\nproposed to stand by the old flag to sign their names.\\nMany did so, and one of the first names on that roll of honor was\\nthat of Winfield Scott Schley, of Maryland.\\nThe later and perhaps more striking victories of our navy should\\nnot lead the American people to forgetfulness of the splendid service\\nin this department during the Civil War.\\nWhen Greek meets Greek, or American meets American, a terrible\\nconflict must result.\\nThe brain and brawn, the nerve and grit of the Anglo-Saxon race\\nform the very bone and sinew of gallant fighting, and when it comes in\\ncontact with itself when men of the self-same clan are arrayed\\nagainst each other, the onslaught is terrific.\\nThe achievements of Farragut s fleet will always remain among the\\nmost brilliant naval victories in history, and it was during the mem-\\norable summer of 1864 that three of our naval heroes received their\\nbaptism of blood under the leadership of Farragut.\\nGeorge Dewey, then Lieutenant Dewey, was the executive officer of\\nthe Mississippi, and Admiral Watson, who has succeeded Dewey as\\ncommander of the Asiatic squadron, was Farragut s flag lieutenant,\\nand was most highly commended by his superior officers for his gal-\\nlantry during action.\\nWhen Winfield Scott Schley left the Niagara he was advanced to\\nthe rank of lieutenant (July 16, 1862) and made the executive officer\\nof the Owasco, which proved to be one of the most effective gunboats\\nin the famous Gulf Squadron.\\nAt the battle of Mobile he stood on the forward deck, betravins\\nsome of the natural nervousness of a young officer who was exposed\\nfor the first time to the range of the enemy s bullets, when the man\\nbeside him said:\\nSomething tells me that the shot has never been cast that is go-\\ning to hit me.\\nI wish I could share your confidence, replied Schley.\\nBut the next day the brave fellow who had been so sure of safety\\nwas struck in the neck by a solid shot and his head was severed from\\nhis bodv.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "122 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nUnfortunately the commander of the Owasco -was a man who in-\\ndulged in what he called moderate drinking, and this habit then as\\nnow led to the ruined manhood of the victim. Even during the trying\\ntimes when the need of the country demanded that every man in her\\nservice should be constantly at his best, this man is said to have been\\ncareless and criminal enough to be more than once the worse for his\\nindulgence.\\nAfter his patience had been severely tried in this direction Schley\\nresolved upon measures sufficiently radical to serve at least as a warn-\\ning, and he ordered the arrest of the commanding officer, locking him\\nup in his cabin until he should again be fit for duty.\\nWhile he was thus laid up for repairs Schley was in command, and\\ntaking the captain s gig with the captain s pennant flying in the breeze,\\nhe put out for the Richmond. The ships were then stationed off Mo-\\nbile, and the senior officer of the small squadron of which the Owasco\\nformed a part was Captain James Alden.\\nSeeing the approach of the captain s gig Officer James put on his\\nuniform and made preparations to receive the captain in a style be-\\nfitting his rank.\\nWhen Lieutenant Schley boarded the Richmond the captain said:\\nI expected to see the captain of the Owasco.\\nI am at present the commander of that ship, sir, replied Schley.\\nSince when? demanded Alden.\\nSince I ordered the captain s arrest for drunkenness and locked\\nhim up in the cabin an hour or more ago, answered Schley. I am\\nnow in command and I report to you for orders.\\nAlden was nonplussed for a moment at the assurance of the young\\nofficer, then giving him his first order, he told him to lower the pen-\\nnant on the gig, go back to his ship, unlock his temporary prisoner,\\nand then, if his incapacity still continued, make his report in writing.\\nVery unwillingly, but very promptly, this order was obeyed, and\\nalthough his action was somewhat futile, it is to be hoped that the\\njoke (if it was one) at least served as a warning to the commanding\\nofficer.\\nWhile still a student in the Naval Academy young Schley formed\\nthe acquaintance of a beautiful Southern girl who was the daughter\\nof one of the merchants in Annapolis. When he sailed away in the\\nNiagara he carried her image in his heart, and when he returned to\\nhis native land he availed himself of the first opportunity of calling\\nupon her and pressing the suit which had been auspiciously begun.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "REAR-ADMIRAL WIN FIELD SCOTT SCHLEY. 123\\nThere were the clouds of war and the distracting interests of the\\nopposing sections of the country. Schley was an officer of the navy,\\nand the girl he loved lived in a State which was in open rebellion to the\\nflag under which he served, but he was patient, enthusiastic, and per-\\nsistent.\\nThe same traits of character which made him a born fighter also\\nmade him an ardent lover, and after awhile he carried the day, win-\\nning his girl and her father s consent as well.\\nIn 1863 he triumphantly led Miss Nannie Franklin to the altar,\\nand we well may add that they lived happily ever after. Mrs. Schley\\nis not particularly fond of social functions, being a devoted wife and\\nmother. Three children have gladdened their home, all of them inher-\\niting to a greater or less extent the soldierly characteristics of the\\nfather.\\nThe oldest son, Thomas Franklin, is a lieutenant in the 14th Regi-\\nment of U. S. Infantry, now doing duty in the Philippines. The sec-\\nond son is Winfield Scott Schley, Jr., a surgeon in St. Luke s hospi-\\ntal in New York. The daughter, Virginia, was married in 1890 to\\nRalph Granville Montague Stewart Wortley, who is a nephew of the\\nEnglish Earl of Warncllffe, but Mr. Wortley, instead of taking his\\nbride to Great Britain, settled down to a business career in New York\\nas a broker and railroad man.\\nThe children were educated in Annapolis, where the family made\\ntheir home for twenty years or more, although the husband and father\\nwas necessarily away on duty much of the time.\\nSchley was made lieutenant-commander on the 25th of July, 1866,\\nhaving spent the previous year (after the close of the Civil War) in\\nservice cruising at various foreign stations, protecting American in-\\nterests wherever they seemed to be in peril along the line of his assign-\\nments. He was made commander on June 10th, 1874, and two years\\nafterward he was punishing pirates on the western coast of Africa.\\nIn 1884 the navy department needed a man to command an expedi-\\ntion for the rescue, if possible, of Lieutenant A. W. Greely, who it was\\nfeared had been lost in the Arctic seas. The undertaking was known\\nto be fraught with so much of certain suffering and so much of unknown\\ndanger, that the department hesitated to order any one to undertake it.\\nVolunteers were, however, invited to offer their services.\\nQuick to perceive the strong demands of humanity. Commander\\nSchley promptly offered his services in the face of perils which daunted\\nmany hearts that were truly brave.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "124 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nHe was placed in command of the expedition, and leaving wife and\\nchildren again he penetrated the Polar Sea with his three ships the\\nBear, the Thetis and the Alert. This successful expedition contains\\nwithin its dramatic history enough of bravery, adventure, endurance\\nand victory to make up the triumph of a lifetime. No wonder that\\nupon his victorious return from this hazardous expedition, the Legis-\\nlature of his native State voted him a beautiful token of public appre-\\nciation in the shape of a jeweled watch and chain.\\nThe government also recognized his courage and efficiency by mak-\\ning him a captain on March 31st, 1888. He was given command of\\nthe Baltimore, and in 1891 was ordered to Valparaiso, Chili, at a time\\nwhen it seemed as if war with Chili was inevitable. A civil war was\\nsweeping over the South American State. The United States Minister\\nEgan was accused of partisanship and, therefore, the feeling against\\nAmerica was exceedingly strong, so much so that some of the sailors\\nwho left the ship on leave of absence were killed in the streets of Val-\\nparaiso.\\nSchley landed marines at midnight, and was harshly criticised for\\nso doing, but he was determined to protect his men and the honor of\\nthe flag under which he sailed at all hazards. An attack on the Bal-\\ntimore was threatened from two Chilian cruisers and some torpedo\\nboats, and Schley requested the British and German ships in the\\nharbor to change their positions in order to give his guns a fair range.\\nThey did so, but in some cases not very willingly. Successful diplo-\\nmacy, however, avoided a war, and the somewhat aggressive captain\\nwas relieved from his command and assigned to Lighthouse Service.\\nThe warlike element among the American people of course applauded\\nhis course, and his own men presented him with a testimonial in the\\nform of a handsome ebony cane with a gold head. The awkward sea-\\nman who acted as spokesman on the deck of the Baltimore, made an\\nimpressive if not very elegant speech, which showed the real admira-\\ntion of the men for their former captain who had just been relieved\\nfrom his command.\\nBut the government could not afford to leave so competent an offi-\\ncer long in comparative retirement, and in 1895 he was restored to\\nduty on deck of a warship, succeeding Captain Evans as commander\\nof the New York. He has done valiant service wherever he has been\\nassigned, making the path of duty also the path of glory. He was,\\nperhaps, at times too eager for strife in his younger days, but in later\\nyears his cooler judgment holds better balance with his warm impulses.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "BATTLE BETWEEN THE CONSTlTLTluX AND THE GUERRIERE", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "REAR-ADMIRAL IVIKFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY. 125\\nHe was in bis ylory ou tlie detk of tlie Broolilyn wli,en that memor-\\nable morning witnessed tbe attempted escape of tbe imprisoned fleet\\nof Spain.\\nTbe temporary absence of Admiral Sampson made him for tbe time\\nbeing tbe ranlving officer of the fleet, although he was never tech-\\nnically in command. When tbe Spanish ships came steaming out for\\nthe contest, be felt, as be says, all over.\\nIn an incredibly short time tbe American vessels had been stripped\\nfor action, and officers and men fully realized that tbe decisive con-\\ntest was right upon them. Never was a more brilliant battle fought\\nin a shorter time. Never was there more urgent need of quick thought\\non the part of the officers, and rapid action on tbe part of tbe men.\\nNever did both officers and men respond more nobly to the demands\\ntheir country made upon them in tbe crucial hour.\\nYeoman Ellis was standing beside Admiral Schley in front of tbe\\nconning tower of the Brooklyn and in tbe midst of showers of shot\\nand shell he was making bis observations and giving the elevation for\\nthe gunners to act upon. lie had just uttered a sentence imparting\\nthe important information when a shot struck him in tbe bead and\\nscattered bis brains around the deck.\\nAmerica will always be thankful that as soon as the fight was over,\\nher brave sons extended quick mercy to tbe conquered foe. No sooner\\nwas a signal of surrender given than tbe bands which had meted out\\nswift punishment became tbe ministers of rescue and relief. Men whose\\nlives had been exposed to tbe guns of tbe foe exposed themselves again\\nto rescue that foe from death hy water or from fire.\\nThe bravest are tbe tenderest the loving are tbe daring.\\nOur warships were immediately improvised into hospitals for tbe\\ncare of the wounded Spaniards, while every man on tbe fleet was glad\\nto render every possible aid to the victims of war.\\nThere should be no controversy as to who is entitled to tbe greater\\npraise upon this splendid victory, for, in the language of Schley:\\nThere is glory enough for all.\\nAmerica knows her officers and men too well to doubt that every\\none on the watery field did bis duty bravely. Every other officer and\\nman in tbe navy would have done his duty just as heroically had he\\nbeen there.\\nIn bis command for tbe officers to cheer tbe men Schley showed that\\nhe fully realized the valor of tbe men behind the guns, and he would\\nsurely be tbe last to wrest any laurels from tbe brow of Admiral Samp-\\n9", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "13G SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nson, who so long held the enemy within his iron grasp, and so steadily\\nmaintained the position which had been assigned him. Still we may\\nsay with Senator Henry Cabot Lodge:\\nIt was a cruel piece of ill fortune that the Admiral, who had made\\nevery arrangement for the fight, should, by mere chance of war, have\\nbeen deprived of his personal share in it. Equally cruel was the for-\\ntune which had taken Captain Higginson and the Massachusetts on that\\nday to Guantanamo to coal.\\nOne of the principal reasons why the American soldier whether on\\nsea or land is superior to those of the Old World, is because he knows\\nthat the eyes of the people are upon him knows that they trust him\\nfully and that they are quick to recognize his loyalty and valor.\\nPresident McKinley and Secretary Long signed Schley s commis-\\nsion as Rear-Admiral on the 14th of April, 1899, and he has been the\\nrecipient of many tokens of regard from a proud and loving nation.\\nHis own State has been glad to do him honor in banquet halls and\\nlowly homes. The gift of his State in commemoration of his part in\\nthe battle off Santiago was a splendid medal of wrought gold and\\nrich enamel containing three hundred and twenty diamonds. It is\\nheld by a ribbon of blue enamel five inches in length, which is sus-\\npended upon blue silk bearing the two gold stars of a rear-admiral,\\nand held in the beak of a gold eagle surmounting the coat of arms of\\nthe United States.\\nIn receiving a silver tea service from the ladies of Maryland, Rear-\\nAdmiral Schley said:\\nTo have been a participant in the great work of July 3d off San-\\ntiago, which this testimonial is intended to commemorate, was a high\\nprivilege, and as a son of dear old Maryland, if the help I gave to oth-\\ners on that day added in any degree to the prestige of my State, I feel\\nglad and proud.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "THE SINKING OF THE IVOERRIMAC.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X.\\nRICHMOND P. HOBSON.\\nAdmiral Sampson, by virtue of his orders from Washington, as-\\nsumed command of the blockading squadron. At once preparations\\nwere made for sinking the Merrimac in the channel, in order to make it\\ndifficult for Cervera to attempt a sudden sally. The plan had been dis-\\ncussed with Naval Constructor Richmond P. Hobson, while on the way\\nfrom Key West, and its execution was left to him, at his urgent re-\\nquest. Every man in the fleet was anxious to volunteer his services for\\nthe dangerous task; but the undertaking was too perilous to risk un-\\nnecessary lives. Six men were selected from the eager volunteers. They\\nwere Daniel Montague, chief master of arms, and gunners mate, Char-\\nette, of the New York; Boatswain Mullen, Coxswain Deignan, Machin-\\nist Phillips and Water Tender Kelly of the Merrimac.\\nThe plan was to swing the collier across the channel at a point where\\nthe chart showed a navigable width of only 350 feet, drop the anchors\\nat stern and stem, and tire the torpedoes that would sink the vessel.\\nThe men were then to jump overboard and work their way out of the\\nchannel if possible.\\nThe final preparations were all made on June 2d. Coxswain Clausen,\\nof the New York, was added to the crew, and Coxswain Murphy of the\\nIowa, took the place of Mullen, who was exhausted by physical and\\nmental strain. At 1:30 that night the expedition got under way with\\nCadet J. W. Powell following in the New York s steam launch to pick up\\nthe crew if they escaped.\\nLieutenant Hobson steered his craft straight for Morro Castle and\\nwas not discovered until within five hundred yards of it. Then a heavy\\nfire began from both shores, in which the Merrimac s rudder was shot\\naway, rendering the boat unmanageable, and explaining the reason\\nwhy the collier was not sunk athwart the channel. Submarine mines\\nand torpedoes were exploded all about the little craft, adding to the\\nexcitement, but doing no damage. When the ship was at the desired\\npoint, it was found that the rudder was gone and it was impossible to\\nturn her. Lieutenant Hobson called the men on deck, and, while they\\nwere launching the raft, exploded the torpedoes. At the same time\\n127", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "128 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ntwo torpedoes from the Eeina Mercedes struck the Merrimac, materially\\nassisting the designs of the crew; but the loss of the steering gear frus-\\ntrated the well laid plans, and the boat sank, obstructing, but not block-\\nading, the passage.\\nAll of the crew reached the raft, to which they clung for an hour in\\nthe chilly water, not daring to show their heads above it. About five\\no clock in the morning a Spanish launch came out to reconnoiter. It\\nwas hailed by Lieutenant Hobson, and Admiral Cervera himself stepped\\nforward and assisted him and his brave seamen on board.\\nThey were taken to the Reina Mercedes and from there transferred\\nto Morro Castle, from which they were released, on July 7th, by an\\nexchange of prisoners.\\nEnsign Powell waited until daylight to pick up the men, if they\\nshould come out; but he saw nothing of them, and as the Spanish bat-\\nteries had opened fire on the launch he was obliged to return to the New\\nYork. Nothing was known of the fate of Hobson and his men until\\nCaptain Bustamente y Okedo, Admiral Cervera s chief of staff, came\\nout in a launch, under a flag of truce, bearing the following generous\\ntribute of praise from the Admiral for the performers of the brave deed:\\nYour boys will be all right in our hands. Daring like theirs makes\\nthe bitterest enemy proud that his fellow-men can be such heroes. They\\nwere taken afterwards to the city of Santiago and thence to Morro\\nCastle, where they are our prisoners, but our friends. Everything is\\nbeing done to make their stay with us comfortable. If you wish to send\\nthem anything, we will cheerfully take it to them.\\nIt is not strange that such courtesy earned for Admiral Cervera the\\nkindly feeling of the American people and their very deep sympathy,\\nwhen, a little later, he stood in great sorrow and dejection at the loss of\\nhis fleet, a prisoner in their hands.\\nLieutenant Hobson s brave deed was made the occasion of a special\\nmessage to Congress from President McKinley, in which he says:\\nI cannot too earnestly express my ajipreciatiou of the conduct of\\nMr. Hobson and his gallant crew. I venture to say that a more brave\\nand daring thing has not been done since Gushing blew up the Albe-\\nmarle.\\nlie thereupon recommended him to transference to the line and pro-\\nmotion therein. The crew were also advanced and Cadet Powell, who\\nfollowed and bravely waited for their return in the steam launch, was\\nadvanced to the rank of Ensign.\\nThe sinking of the Merrimac was a picturesque display of the brav-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "LIEUTENANT-COMMANDER WAINWRIGHT. 129\\nery found everywhere in the army and navy during the war, a bravery\\nno less heroic because in many cases unheralded and less dramatic.\\nNo ardency of appreciation by American women will ever lessen the\\nesteem in which this glorious young hero s deed will ever be held.\\nLIEUTENANT-COMMANDER WAINWRIGHT.\\nWith Hobson and Powell must be remembered the name of Com-\\nmander Wainwright. He had been executive officer of the Maine at\\nthe time of the fateful explosion of February 15th, and as he stood\\nbeside his captain on the sinking quarter-deck and gave the order to\\nlower away the boats he looked forwai-d to some such opportunity as\\nthat which was finally presented at the mouth of Santiago Harbor.\\nNo one could be more certain than Wainwright that the Maine\\ndisaster was not an accident. He had toiled beside the wreck during\\nall those long weeks that followed the disaster. He it was who directed\\nthe divers in their grim work of recovering the bodies of his 2GG un-\\nfoi-tunate subordinates, and every detail in the development of the\\nevidence, brought to light by the submarine research, made his serious\\nface more serious and his keen blue eye shine with a daugerous deter-\\nmination. Not one spoken word ever betrayed his conviction in regard\\nto the cause of the disaster and no man more studiously obeyed the\\nDepartment s injunction of secrecy upon subjects pertaining to the\\nMaine Court of Inquiry; but his stern face and firm-set jaw told more\\nthan words could express of his inner and ineradicable conviction.\\nIt was with a long score to settle that Commander Wainwright\\nwaited for the fleet of Admiral Cervera to come out of the harbor; but\\nwhen it came, his manipulation of the little converted yacht and the\\ndeadly accuracy of his six-pound baby batteries was so gallant and\\neffective that his name has become as indissolubly associated with the\\nGloucester as Hobson s with the Merrimac, or Cushing s with the\\nAlbemarle.\\nAnother than Wainwright might well have said that in such a battle\\nof the giants there was no place for pygmies, but as the fleet appeared\\none by one he only slacked his engines to gain steam, and waited for\\nthe expected coming of the torpedo boat destroyers, Furor and Pluton.\\nFifteen minutes after the Teresa appeared, they showed their noses in\\nthe channel, and the Gloucester, which had been pumping her batteries\\nat the huge sides of the fleeing cruisers at short range, closed in upon\\nthe destroyers, training her forward guns upon the Pluton, her after", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "i:;() SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nguus upon the Furor at a range of but .six hundred yards. Although\\nthe secondary batteries of the four big battleships had been directed\\nagainst the torpedo boats, Commander Wainwright asserts that no\\ndamage had been inflicted until this advance by the Gloucester. A few\\nminutes work sent the Pluton, in flames, towards the shore, where she\\nstruck the rocks and soon blew up. The Furor also was on fire and help-\\nless, and when she struck her colors, Wainwright turned his attention at\\nonce from the work of destruction to the work of rescue. He ordered\\nthe boats lowered and had already rescued twenty-six of the survivors\\nof the Pluton when a series of explosions on the Furor told of her de-\\nstruction. She sank in deep water, and with her the crew and Captain\\nVillamil, commander of the destroyer.\\nThe Gloucester s boats then went on to the Teresa and Oquendo, one\\nof them picking up the Admiral of the fleet, who asked to be taken on\\nboard the Gloucester. Commander Richard Wainwright met him at the\\ngangway and extending his hand to the gray-haired Admiral, he con-\\ngratulated him upon as gallant a fight as was ever witnessed on the sea.\\nWith gentle sympathy for the man who wept for his slaughtered com-\\nrades and stricken ship, he turned over the privacy of his own cabin to\\nthe defeated Admiral that he might be alone with his grief.\\nThat the Gloucester was not herself destroyed was due mainly to\\nthe accuracy and rapidity of the fire, and the handsome management\\nof the little unprotected craft by the executive officer. Lieutenant Harry\\nP. House, who, throughout the action, stood upon the bridge and coolly\\ncarried out his commander s orders. There were others, too, that day\\nwho did their full duty on board the little Gloucester. Such were En-\\ngineer McElroy, whose constant attention made the boat efl ective for\\nrapid movement; Lieutenants Wood and Norman and Ensign Edson,\\nwho were often in person at the guns directing their fire, and later risked\\ntlieir lives repeatedly in boarding and remaining near the destroyers\\nand the two cruisers when their guus were being discharged by the heat\\nand their magazines and boilers were exploding.\\nCommander Wainwright is a sailor by birth, the son of the well-\\nknown Commodore Wainwright, and a graduate of Annapolis from the\\nDistrict of Columbia. He has proven himself to be an able oflicer, an\\nintrepid leader, a hard fighter and a generous foe. Well deserved fame\\nwill follow Uichard Wainwright, Lieutenant-Commander of the Glou-\\ncester, throughout the coming years.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "THE HEROES OF THE ENGINE ROOMS. 131\\nTHE HEROES OF THE ENGINE ROOMS.\\nIn recounting the heroes of the navy, too much praise cannot be\\ngiven to the noble fellows of brawn and muscle who, down below the\\ndecks in the furnace-heat of the engine room, toil and labor in an atmos-\\nphere that only iron wills and fierce determination make endurable.\\nWhen a battle like that at Manila or at Santiago harbor has been fought\\nand won, and the glory of victory has given our national flag a new\\nmeaning and an added interest, we naturally direct our applause to the\\nman who points the gun or fearlessly stands upon the ship s bridge ex-\\nposed to sudden death. We forget the helpless human beings in the very\\nbowels of the ship who know how to obey and to carry fuel to the insa-\\ntiate furnaces of the engines which alone make a modern ship of war\\neffective. A man can easily stand beside his piece in the excitement of\\nconflict and act without regard to the swift flying missiles of death;\\nbut the courage that keeps a man at his post of menial labor without\\nshrinking or shirking, while the air thunders with the discharge of heavy\\nartillerj and the boat shivers and trembles from the recoil of her own\\ngreat guns, holds the admiration of every true man. Though these\\nswarthy fellows down below know not when a well placed shell will\\nmake a breach and the inrushing water will catch them like rats in a\\nhole, or when inglorious death awaits them from escaping steam -or\\nscalding water, they coolly stand by to supply the coal that keeps the\\nvessel moving, furnishes power for the pumps, operates the hoists, and\\neven lights and guides the vessel.\\nThe engine room is a post for none but men of courage, even when\\na vessel is not in action. Often the firemen serve their country in a tem-\\nperature above 140 degrees, and come from these pent-up furnace rooms\\nreeking with sweat and as black as the coal they have been shoveling\\ninto the fire.\\nThese are the heroes of our navy no less than those who face the\\nguns of an enemy or take the chances of death or of a forlorn hope.\\nTheir names are not blazoned abroad nor do they go down by name into\\nhistory, but that is no detraction of their humble but necessary achieve-\\nments.\\nOccasionally the formal records of official reports chronicle some par-\\nticular act which shows the mettle of these men, who are blessed with\\nnoble courage and physique, if not with all the qualities of noble mind.\\nHere is one act reported by Assistant Engineer Morton, of the Vixen,", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "132 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nwhich occurred on the night of May 28th, 1898. A manhole gasket of\\none of the Vixen s boilers blew out, sending out a large stream of boil-\\ning water and steam into the fireroom. The men were driven from their\\nwork and the water in the gauge glass sank below the danger line\\nThere was indication that the boiler would explode and seriously, if not\\ncompletely, wreck the boat. The life of every man on board was in\\ndanger. Assistant Engineer Morton called for volunteers to haul the\\nfires, and two hardy firemen, P. Johnson and (J. Mahoney, stepped for-\\nward. Down they went into the fireroom dense with steam, and with\\nscalding water blowing in their faces. They succeeded in hauling away\\nthe fire from beneath the boiler, though subjected to a most intense heat.\\nIntrepid heroes, they saved the boiler and the boat.\\nWhen Lieutenant Sharp, commander of the Vixen, forwarded his\\nreport to the Navy Department at Washington, he added: Assistant\\nEngineer Morton says nothing of his own conduct; when the gasket,\\nhaving been refitted, blew out again, he, with Johnson, hauled the fires\\na second time.\\nENSIGN GILLIS SAVES THE PORTER.\\nAn exploit of a different kind from that of Engineer Morton and his\\nfiremen, Johnson and Mahoney, was performed by Ensign Irving Van\\nGordon Gillis, the sou of Rear Admiral Gillis, retired, U. S. N. Young\\nGillis is a graduate of Annapolis, from Delhi, New York, and went to\\nthe front to serve his country during the Spanish-American war, as en-\\nsign on the torpedo boat Porter.\\nIt was while Admiral Schley had Cervera s fleet bottled up in San-\\ntiago harbor and the cork had been put in so that there was no safe way\\nto get out, and all around the harbor-mouth lay the huge gray battle-\\nshij)s of the T nited States, watching sulhMily for the exit of the impris-\\noned fleet, that Ensign Gillis took desperate chances and saved the offi-\\ncers and crew of the Porter from an explosion that would have been as\\ndestructive as the one that sank the Maine.\\nCervera was chafing under his close confinement and set about to\\nfree himself of some of the watch dogs that rcdled and tossed on the\\ns^-ell of the Caribbean waters, a few miles out. To this end several\\nSchwartzkopf torpedoes were launched in the harbor channel at a time\\nwhen it Avas hojx d (he strong ebb tide would carry them out to sea, and,\\ndirected by Providence (which seemed to be on the other side), would\\nrun their noses into some American boat and send her to the bottom of\\nthe ocean.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "ENSIGN GILLIS SAVES THE PORTER. 133\\nThese modern engines of war accomplished the first part of their pur-\\npose; they got out to sea, and one of them would have succeeded in\\naccomplishing all that was designed for it had it not been for this one\\nof our American boys who stood upon the deck of the torpedo boat\\nPorter.\\nCaptain Fremont, with glass in hand, had detected something black\\nand glistening, with a pointed nose, floating towards his boat on the\\nswell of the tide. Gillis had seen it, too, and it did not need a glass to\\ntell him that it Avas a Schwartzkopf torpedo. He knew if its nose ever\\ntouched the Porter that nothing would mark the spot where the explo-\\nsion occurred. In a moment his officer s coat was off and before Captain\\nFremont could catch the meaning of his action and say, Don t do it,\\nGillis; she s got her war nose on! the young ensign was in the sea.\\nQuickly he came alongside the dangerous torpedo and with one arm he\\ncarefully circled the nose, quickly adjusting the plunging pin so that\\nit could not operate; he then swam back to the boat, towing his prize\\nwith him. With a regard for discipline that no exploit, however brave,\\ncould deprive him of, he saluted his captain with one hand while he\\nsupported himself on the torpedo with the other, and waited his orders.\\nTorpedo and ensign were soon hoisted on board, where Gillis, with\\nthe calmness that characterizes a really brave man, received the spon-\\ntaneous and hearty honors bestowed by officers and crew. It was a\\ndaring thing to do and shows the world that in the American navy there\\nare heroes on every deck.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XI.\\nTHE STORY OF THE WINSLOW.\\nOn May 11th, 1898, the first American blood was shed in the war\\nwith Spain. Six men were wounded and one instantly killed at Cien-\\nfuegos, while at Cardenas on the northern coast of Cuba five were\\nblown to pieces and five were wounded on the toi-pedo boat Winslow.\\nIt was only a skirmish when compared with the great naval engage-\\nments which took place later, but it cost more lives than all these en-\\ngagements put together.\\nWhen Admiral Sampson sailed away in the exciting and uncertain\\nsearch for Cervera s fleet, he left on blockade duty off Cardenas Bay\\ntwo gun boats, the Machias and the Wilmington, the torpedo boat Win-\\nslow and the auxiliary tug Hudson.\\nThree Spanish gunboats were Ij iug in the harbor and being appar-\\nently tired of a peaceful blockade. Com. C. C. Todd, of the gunboat Wil-\\nmington, thought to capture them. The Winslow was ordered to run\\nclose to the eastern shore of Cardenas Bay, and the Hudson to the\\nwestern shore while the Wilmington took her place in the channel.\\nAt this time one of the gunboats could be seen, and although the\\nshore was known to be lined with Spanish batteries, the Winslow was\\nordered to run in and cut her out.\\nThe gunboat carried twelve pound guns, but Lieutenant Bernadou\\nobeyed orders and di-ove his slender craft straight toward the foe. By\\nthis time the harbor and shore were alight with flame and the Span-\\nish shots were coming thick and fast. One of them struck the Win-\\nslow, passing through the captain s quarters, and exploding in the paint\\nlocker, set the contents on fire.\\nBernadou called ui)on his men to turn on the hose and extinguish\\nthe fire, meanwhile standing forward and directing the fight as coolly\\nas if the men were at target practice. Immediately another shot ex-\\nploded against the forward conning tower,, and a piece of the shell\\nentered the left groin of Lieutenant Bernadou, lodging within half an\\ninch of the artery.\\nPlacing his hand on the wound to stay the flow of blood he called\\nfor a towel and quickly made a strong bandage around the leg, com-\\n]34", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "THE STORY OF THE WINSLOW. 135\\npressing the artery still further by crowding a cartridge between the\\nfolds of the towel and the leg, and then went coolly on with his work.\\nBut a shell tore through the forward conning tower disabling the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2steering gear and another passed through the forward boiler, and still\\nanother disabled the starboard engine. Six terribly effective shots\\nhad now struck the little craft, and with her steering apparatus help-\\nJess and her engine exploded, she signaled for help.\\nHer gallant crew were still shooting their one-pounders with more\\nor less effect, but the Winslow was evidently helpless, and within easy\\nreach of the enemy s batteries. In the meantime the Hudson was fight-\\ning bravely, her smoke stack was punctured with bullet holes, and the\\nwood work of cabin and deck was a mass of splinters.\\nAlthough unable to steer the ship, Bernadou found that he could\\ninterfere with the enemy s aim by backing with the power of the one\\nuninjured engine, and Ensign Worth Bagley, the second in command,\\nwas placed at the hatch amidshijis to direct the engineer, as other\\nmethods of communication had been shot away. Captain Newton, of\\nthe Hudson, hurried to the aid of the Winslow, but there was a little\\ndelay in heaving the tow line.\\nLet her come, shouted Bagley, it s getting mighty warm here.\\nThe line was thrown and eagerly caught by the Winslow s men.\\nBravely they pulled at their one hope of escape, but at this instant\\nanother four inch shell whizzed through the air and burst directly\\nbeneath the little group of men who were pulling at the life line. Five\\nbodies went whirling through the air. Ensign Bagley and Fireman\\nDaniels were dead when they fell and the other three died in a few\\nminutes.\\nWith the explosion of the shell the rope parted and the helpless\\nWinslow drifted back nearer to the enemy s fire, which was sharp and\\npersistent.\\nBut even then the little fighter kept pouring her one-pound shot into\\nthe Spaniards on shore.\\nAt a safe distance, where not a fragment of shot or shell could reach\\nher, the Wilmington was shooting also, and doing considerable exe-\\ncution.\\nThe captain of the Hudson says: I know that we destroyed a large\\npart of the town near the wharf, burned one of their gunboats, and\\nI think destroyed two other torpedo destroyers. We were in a cor-\\ntex of shot, shell and smoke, and could not tell accurately, but we saw\\none of their boats on fire and sinking soon after the action began, then", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "136 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\na large building near the wharf I think the barracks took fire, and\\nmany other buildings were soon burning.\\nAfter the parting of the first hawser the Hudson quickly threw\\nanother line to the Winslow, but again it broke; then Captain Newcome\\nbrought his tug to the side of the disabled boat, made her fast and\\ntowed her out of the Spaniards range, and ultimately to a little island\\ntwelve miles off where the Machias lay, and Dr. Kichai ds, of that ves-\\nsel, cared for the wounded men.\\nThe next morning the Hudson sailed away to Key West with flags\\nat half mast, and with her gallant dead covered with the flag they loved.\\nThe dead were Worth Bagley, Ensign; John Daniels, first-class fireman;\\nJohn Tuunett (colored), cabin cook, and John Varveres, the oiler.\\nThe wounded were Lieutenant Bernadou, commanding the Winslow;\\nR. E. Cox, gunner s mate; F. Gray; D. McKeown, quartermaster, and\\nJ. Patterson, fireman.\\nThe next morning, also, the Wilmington steamed close to Cardenas\\nBay, with her decks stripped for action and her men shouting the\\nwatchword Avenge the Winslow. Within easy range were the gun-\\nboats which had decoyed the Winslow into easy range of the masked\\nbatteries into the very gates of hell and near the forts also two\\nschooners lay at anchor. For an hour a hot bombardment was main-\\ntained against the batteries and the ships in harbor. The gunners of\\nthe American navy are remarkable for the accuracy of their shots and\\nthe men of the Wilmington were no exception to the rule.\\nThe two gunboats and both schooners were sunk and one blockhouse\\nwas burned by an exploding shell.\\nFor about two weeks the Spaniards had been working at the fortifi-\\ncations here in anticipation of an attack, and the masked batteries and\\nheavy earthworks were well manned, as was clearly proven by the ter-\\nribly effective work which they accomplished on the Winslow.\\nIt was easy to shell the frail sides of the little torpedo boat, but the\\nbig guns of the Wilmington proved to be a dangerous foe, and the for-\\nmidable batteries with their machine guns were torn from their founda-\\ntions.\\nSTORY OF THE GUSSIE.\\nThe first contest on Cuban soil between American soldiers and Span-\\nish troops took place May 12, 1898. It resulted from a gallant attempt\\nto land a quantity of arms and provisions for the benefit of the suffer-\\ning Cubans.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "STORY OF THE GUSSIE. 137\\nThe transport Gussie carried Colonel J. H. Dorst, of the United\\nStates Volunteers, who commanded the expedition, and also Company\\nE, First Infantry, numbering sixty men, with Captain J. J. O Connell\\nand Second Lieutenant W. M. Crofton; Company G, First Infantry, also\\nnumbered sixty men, with Captain M. P. Phister, First Lieutenant F.\\nE. Lacey, and Second Lieutenant D. E. Nolan. There were also Dr.\\nGandy, hospital steward and six men from the hospital corps, besides\\nthree or four Cuban scouts.\\nThe Gussie, which was heavily laden with supplies, left Key West\\nwith only the Manning as an escort, and during the night they became\\nseparated, but in the morning they found each other almost directly\\noff Havana, and here they were joined by the Wasp, whose duty it was\\nto patrol the coast opposite Pinar Del Kio.\\nAbout noon on the 12th of May, the little expedition drew close to\\nthe shore near Mariel, but it was found that the country was alive\\nwith Spaniards, and if a landing was effected at all it must be made\\nelsewhere. As they steamed on for a few minutes it became evident\\nthat they were watched and followed by Spanish cavalry, and soon\\nthe enemy was re-enforced by other companies.\\nThe first party of Cubans who were to have received the supi^lies\\nhad been conquered by a superior force and driven so far away that\\nno aid could be expected from them. Fighting was still going on,\\nhowever, in the interior, showing that other i)arties of Cubans were\\nattempting to take the place of the defeated insurgent force.\\nThe Spanish cavalcade galloped furiously along the coast, occa-\\nsionally throwing wild and ineffective shots toward the ships. On the\\nhigh gTound, a little to the east of Cabanas, there was a rude fort\\nwhich had been strongly garrisoned, and a volley fired from there passed\\nover the heads of the watchers on ship board.\\nThe Manning returned the fire, but with what effect the Americans\\ncould not see, and they sailed on hoping to find a place where a peacea-\\nble landing might be effected. They could still hear the sound of con-\\ntinuous firing on land, and it was evident that some of the insurgents\\nwere still making a brave effort to keep their appointment with their\\nAmerican friends and receive the much needed supplies of food and\\nammunition.\\nBy this time the rain began to fall and s(\u00c2\u00bbon it was pouring down\\nin torrents which are known only to the tropics. Even the tempestu-\\nous waves of the sea seemed to be beaten down by the fury of the\\ndescending floods.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "138 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nIt was a perilous undertaking, but it was thought that a landing\\nmight be effected under cover of the storm, so the little fleet drifted\\nclosely to the shore and dropped anchor off Arbolitos Point, where it\\nseemed possible for the small boats to land.\\nThree Cuban scouts went first, hoping to show a way that the other\\nboats might safely follow, but their little skiff struck the coral reef\\nand was overturned, so they made the shore only by swimming for it.\\nTwo other boats were launched, and, nothing daunted by the mis-\\nhap of the natives, they were quickly filled by about forty men of Com-\\npany E. The one was commanded b^ Captain O Connell and the other\\nby Lieutenant Crofton. They pushed off from the ship even while the\\npouring rain was threatening to sink them. Captain O Connell s boat\\ncleared first and went toward shore before the other had started; but\\nthe wind was rising; he, too, struck the dangerous reef.\\nThe boat was overturned and some of the Americans struck out for\\nshore in the same primitive way by which the Cubans had effected their\\nlanding. Thus it happened that Lieutenant Crofton s boat landed first.\\nO Connell s boat was finally righted and succeeded in making the shore\\na little to the westward of the other. His men went forward in a\\nskirmish line, deploying carefully into the land of the foe; they were\\nalmost immediately hidden from view by the thick growth of chaparral\\nwhich came down nearly to the water s edge.\\nThey were obliged to penetrate a jungle of tropical trees and vines\\nbamboos and banyans, thorns and stubborn undergrowth, all woven\\ntogether with grape vines and flowering creepers. Above and far be-\\nyond them the Cacara-Jicara mountains lifted their blue peaks above\\nthe storm.\\nBy this time the rain had died away almost entirely, and the wind,\\nveering around to the northward, the sea rose again and the breakers\\ncrashed upon the coral reefs with a tremendous roar. Communication\\nwith the shore was impossible with the speaking trumpets, but those\\nwho were left on shipboard soon heard from the heroic landing party,\\nfor there was a report made by two heavy volleys of musketry followed\\nby the shai p cracking noise of American firearms.\\nBefore the men on the transport had fully realized that our land-\\ning was being desperately resisted, two or three volleys which were\\nfired at good range came whistling over their heads.\\nAs soon as Captain O Connell s men had reached the crest which\\ncommanded the landing beach they discovered twenty or thirty rifle-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "STORY OF THE GUSSIE. 139\\npits, from which the Spaniards could have slaughtered our men at leis-\\nure if they had been occupied at the time.\\nWhen only fifty yards from the beach they came upon an old grass\\ngrown road which ran out upon xirbolitos Point, and along this road,\\nless than sixty yards away, a party of Spanish guerrillas were pushing\\nforward at the top of their speed, in the elfort to reach and occupy\\nthe rifle-pits.\\nThe oncoming Spaniards fired at sight but the only result was a\\nwound in the arm of a brave and enterpi ising newsijaper man, Mr.\\nArchibald, who had obtained permission to join this dangerous expe-\\ndition. The Americans promptly returned the fire, and four Spaniards\\nresponded to the call of their guns, by dropping dead in their tracks.\\nThey were not accustomed to such accurate shooting and beat a\\nquick retreat, rushing into the jungle and firing at random as they ran.\\nThe Spaniards were led by a lieutenant of their boasted Civil Guard,\\nbut he fell before the gun of Metzler of Company E, and his men were\\ndemoralized by his fall.\\nLieutenant Crofton and his men now came up and joined the skir-\\nmish line which was extended across the road and into the jungle be-\\nyond. Captain O Connell returned to the transport and, after confer-\\nring with the ofiicers there, went to the Manning and the Wasp and\\npointed out to their gunners the i)oint where the enemy was last seen.\\nHe then returned to the brave men on shore who were standing where\\nthey might be shot down at any time, but remaining as coolly as if\\nthey were on dress parade.\\nThe gunboats now poured their shot and shell into the jungle at\\nthe right of our skirmish line, and Captain Phister s men fired their\\nvolleys at random in the same direction. The retreating foe threw back\\nan occasional shot, but seemed to be trying to keep out of range of\\nour guns.\\nThe Cuban scouts by this time had succeeded in swimming their\\nhorses to the shore, and under the direction of Colonel Dorst, they\\nrode along the beach for a mile or two and then disappeared in the\\njungle. They had a dangerous ride of nine or ten miles to the Cuban\\ncamp on the foothills of the Cacara-Jicara Mountains, but night was\\nnow coming on and beneath its friendly shadow they sped away over\\nthe ground, with every foot of which they were familiar.\\nThe men were now brought back to the ship thoroughly soaked with\\nrain, but there were no injuries except that sustained by Mr. Archi-\\nbald. The Gussie was compelled afterward to leave without landin", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "140 SPLENDID DELDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nher supplies, but the lirst blood which was shed on Cuban soil was\\nSpanish blood, and besides those who were seen to fall, many must\\nhave been killed by the raking fire of the gunboats through the woods\\nwhere they were hidden.\\nIn this first contest one prisoner was also captured a man who was\\ndoubtless in the employ of the enemy, as he had given wrong informa-\\ntion, under the guise of friendship, to the first landing party.\\nThe faithful O fficers of the expedition made an attempt to reach the\\ninsurgents with supplies at all of the three western provinces which\\nhad been agreed upon, but the Spanish forces along the coast succeeded\\nin preventing the Cubans from approaching near enough and in force\\nenough to receive and protect the supplies.\\nIt would have been poor policy to take any chances upon allowing\\nthem to fall into the hands of the enemy, and so the Gussie with her\\nescort steamed away over the blue seas toward American shores.\\nCUTTING CABLES AT CIENFUEGOS.\\nThe Americans found it desirable to cut off, if possible, the cable\\ncommunication between the Spaniards in Cuba and the rest of the\\nworld, especially the government at Madrid, and the dangerous duty\\nwas necessarily assigned to men in small boats.\\nThe Nashville and Marblehead had been doing blockade duty on\\nthe southern coast but were ordered to Cienfuegos to cut the cables\\nthere. Two of them were connected with the West Indies, and the\\nthird was probably a local line.\\nIt was a very hazardous proceeding for the little boats containing\\nthe grappling apparatus with a handful of men to row into the har-\\nbor where the water was shallow enough to enable them to reach the\\ncables, because the work must be done under the fire of the formid-\\nable shore batteries. There was one large battery near the harbor\\nmouth, and many rifle pits which had been placed there some months\\nbefore.\\nTo run this gauntlet of destrnclion was almost throwing life away\\nand the men knew it. Before manning the boats the officers announced\\nthat so great was the peril of the undertaking tliat no man would be\\nordered to do the work, but they asked for volunteers.\\nNever has a call for volunteers from American officers failed to meet\\nwith a gallant response, and in this case as in so many others, the\\nbrave bovs made a rush for the boats.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "^-k.4,\\nCUTTING THE CABLE UNDER FIKE", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "HOLt MADE BY A SPANISH SHOT IN THE ARMOR PLATE\\nOF THE BATTLESHIP TEXAS", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "CUTTING CABLES AT CIENFUEGOS. 141\\nThe warnings were repeated, the officers asserting that probably no\\nman would return alive. But the men continued to strive for the dan-\\ngerous position and then the officers were compelled to choose from the\\neager volunteers those whom they considered the most cool headed and\\ncompetent.\\nThe stir on shipboard was eagerly watched by the Spanish officers\\non shore, and as far as they could judge with the aid of field glasses,\\npreparations were being made for a landing on Cuban shores.\\nThe forces were hastily summoned and a thousand Spaniards or\\nmore were waiting for an attack before the preparations were com-\\npleted for the putting out of the small boats.\\nIn order to divert suspicion from the real purpose the Nashville drew\\nnearer to the shore and opened fire upon the coast defences. Firing\\nsteadily, she drew closer toward her prey and poured her shells upon\\nthe battery and rifle pits.\\nThrough their glasses the American officers could see that the shots\\nwere exceedingly effective, many of the enemy falling before their fire.\\nThe Spanish gunners soon got the range of their assailant and poured\\ntheir leaden and iron shower upon her, but the men on the Nashville\\nwere kept under cover as much as possible while they worked the guns.\\nIn the meantime the Wiudom came up abreast of the Nashville and\\nonly about half a mile from her; the Marblehead was still closer in\\nshore and all three were bombarding the fortifications as fast as shot\\nand shell coiild be carried from their magazines.\\nWhen some of the guns had been silenced under the terrific fire of\\nan hour or more, four boats were manned for the purpose of accom-\\nplishing the real object in view. Lieutenant Anderson, of the Marble-\\nhead, took a cutter with twelve sailors and marines, and a little launch\\nwith six men. In the bows of the launch was a rapid firing gun which\\ncarried pound balls, and there was also a supply of ammunition.\\nLieutenant Winslow was placed in command of two other boats\\nwhich were similarly equipped, and both of the larger boats were sup-\\nplied with tongs and grappling irons for the raising of the cables.\\nThe little boats set off with their valiant crews cheering and eager\\nfor the work in hand, while over their heads flew the deadly shells and\\nshrapnel from both the American ships and the Spanish batteries.\\nThey went within a hundred yards of the shore, and commenced the\\nwork of grappling for the cable, but even here they were working in\\nmore than forty feet of water, and were also exposed to a constant fire,\\nand every few minutes a wounded man would fall in one of the boats,\\n10", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "142 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nbut the survivors went on rowing against the current or grappling for\\nthe sunken cables as coolly as if they were alone on the open sea.\\nThe wounded men tightened their lips and suppressed the cry of\\npain, while in more than one instance a wounded sailor kept on row-\\ning until he sank from loss of blood.\\nIn the midst of this terrible but suppressed excitement the grap-\\nplers found one of the cables and cut it. Soon the second was brought\\nto the surface and that was also severed, but in the meantime one man\\nwas killed at his post and the Spaniards, having obtained the exact\\nrange of the workers, their fire became so furious that a retreat was\\nordered before the third cable was found.\\nThe most fatal fusillade of the Spaniards was made under the pro-\\ntection of the lighthouse which, under the courtesy, if not the law of\\nnations, was safe from attack.\\nDepending upon American generosity to spare it, they had fought\\nunder its protection with fatal effect.\\nOn going into the engagement the word had been given the Amer-\\nican gunners to avoid the lighthouse, but after the cowardly attack\\nfrom beneath its sheltering walls, the Windom moved in close to the\\nshore and bombarded the structure until it was reduced to complete\\nruin.\\nThis was one of the bravest actions of the war, one man was killed,\\ntwo were mortally wounded, and four others were struck. Among the\\ninjured men was Captain JIaynard, of the Nashville, who stood in an\\nexposed position on the bridge of his ship, directing the gunners in their\\nwork, and also giving orders concerning the movements of the vessel.\\nCHAPLAIN HARRY W. JONES.\\nIt requires more courage to stand faithfully in the post of danger\\nwhen unarmed than it does to carry the battle flag through the excite-\\nment of a victorious charge, and Harry Jones, of the United States\\nNavy, showed that he had genuine soldier blood in his veins when he\\nleft the ship with a squad of marines in order to bury a sailor in the\\nland of the enemy.\\nThe only American who was killed in the fierce engagement with\\nCervera s fleet on that memorable Fourth of July, was the man who\\nfell while standing beside Commodore Schley on the Brooklyn. It\\nwas determined to give the brave fellow a Christian burial on the hill", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "CHAPLAIN HARRY IV. JONES. 143\\nback of the camp which the marines were holding against terrible odds\\nat Guantanamo.\\nIt was known that the woods were alive with Spanish sharpshoot-\\ners, but it was thought that they would hardly fire upon a funeral party,\\nand Chaplain Jones volunteered to go ashore and conduct the service.\\nThere was a guard of honor consisting of thirty marines, and eight\\npall bearers who had been chosen from the messmates of the dead sailor,\\nand the little party was landed on the beach below the camp.\\nWith arms reversed and muffled drum the little cortege moved slowly\\ndown the valley to the hillside, where a grave was dug, and the body\\nlowered into the ground.\\nThen the chaplain took his place at the head of the grave, and be-\\ngan to read the solemn words of the burial service. He was uttering\\nthe sentence, Ashes to ashes, dust to dust, when the crack of a rifle\\nwas heard and a Mauser bullet was buried deeply in the ground at\\nhis feet.\\nMr. Jones raised his head to see from whence the disturbance came,\\nbut went coolly on with the services regardless of the cowardly shot.\\nFinding that there was no response to their fire, the Spaniards\\nwaxed valiant in fight, and soon the air was filled with the hum of the\\nbullets, while the leaves and twigs which were cut from the trees fell\\nupon the bared heads of the funeral party. There was the patter of\\nbullets on the sod and one of them passed through the sleeve of the\\nchaplain s surplice, but he paid no heed to the shower of lead, and the\\nbrave men with bowed heads, seemed to listen reverently to the service.\\nWhen it was over the grave was filled, the bugler sounded the fare-\\nwell taps, and then the marines fired three volleys over the hero s rest-\\ning place.\\nIt was the sound of these volleys that drove the cowardly Spaniards\\nfrom the spot, for they supposed that the Americans were at last\\nreturning their fire.\\nStrange to say, there was no injury received by one of the brave\\nand defenseless men who stood so loyally over their dead comrade.\\nWhile they reverently performed the funeral rites they were sheltered\\nfrom the foeman s bullets as if protected by the God of Battles.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII.\\nTHE DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA S FLEET.\\nOn July 3, 1898, off Santiago, occurred the greatest naval battle of\\nmodern times. It was a fair test of armored ships aud modern projec-\\ntiles; of the value of daily discipline aud target practice.\\nFor five weeks the American fleet had watched that harbor. There\\nwas not a moment by day when the glasses were not trained on the\\ndim, distant smoke that came from the enemy s ships; not a moment\\nby night when the great search lights did not sweep the sea. Tliere\\nhad not been a moment during those five weeks when every man was\\nnot ready for his duty and the long strain was beginning to tell.\\nThe American fleet was stationed around Santiago harbor, three\\nmiles from Morro Castle. Close to the shore off Aguadores, on the\\nright, was the converted yacht Gloucester, Lieutenant-Commander\\nWainwright commanding, then the battleship Indiana, Captain Tay-\\nlor commanding, then the battleship Oregon, Captain Clark command-\\ning, then the battleship Iowa, directly facing the harbor. Captain Evans\\ncommanding, then the battleship Texas, Captain Philip commanding,\\nthen the armored cruiser Brooklyn, Captain Cook commanding, flying\\nthe pennant of Commodore Sohley, and close to the shore on the ex-\\ntreme left, the auxiliary Vixen, under the command of Lieutenant\\nSharp.\\nThe Massachusetts, the New Orleans and the cruiser Newark had\\nleft the line and gone forty miles to the east for coal, i^rovisions and\\nammunition.\\nAt 8:55 o clock the flagship New York had signaled the fleet: Dis-\\nregard the motions of the Commander-in-Chief, and moved towai d the\\neast. Admiral Sampson had an engagement with General Shafter and\\nat 9:20 the New York was out of signal distance of the fleet and the\\ncommand devolved on Commodore Schley.\\nGeneral muster had been ordered for the fleet. This is compulsory\\nevery month in the navy, and the Articles of War are read to the as-\\nsembled crew. Commodore Schley, with no insignia of rank upon him,\\ntilted his chair back, tapped nervously with bis fingers, and remarked:\\nThis is pretty slow. A distant bugle call on the Texas summoned\\n144", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA S FLEET. 145\\nthe crew to church and a bell tolled softly. White mustering clothes\\nhad been ordered for the officers and all white for the crew.\\nYet on every ship glasses were focused on that distant smoke in\\nthe harbor of Santiago. On the forwai d bridge of the Brooklyn Navi-\\ngator Hodgson had relieved the officer of the deck, and Quartermaster\\nAnderson was watching the enemy s ships.\\nThat smoke is moving, he said to Mr. Hodgson. Taking the glass\\nthe Navigator ti-ained it upon the hazy cloud at the entrance of the\\nharbor. There was an instant of perfect silence, then Anderson caught\\nup the glass as it fell. Hodgson seized his megaphone and yelled, After\\nbridge, there! Report to the Commodore and the Captain that the\\nenemy s ships are coming out!\\nThe cadet on the signal bridge stumbled down the ladder, but be-\\nfore his feet had touched the deck the Lieutenant-Commander shouted\\nClear ship for action!\\nThe scene that followed, while seeming to be the wildest of confu-\\nsion, was, in reality, the result of the most perfect discipline. The men\\nflew to their guns, dropping their clothes as they went, and in three\\nminutes from the time the signal was given, every gun was loaded,\\nevery battle hatch was fastened down, every water tight compartment\\nhad been closed, ammunition was ready, fire pumps were on and the\\ndecks wet down, and every single man of the five hundred on the ship\\nwas in his battle station.\\nThe movement had been seen on the Iowa also, and the signal\\nfluttered from her mast-head: Enemy s ships coming out. A six\\npound gun also thundered a warning to the fleet. From the signal\\nhalyards of the Texas waved the flags which meant, The enemy is\\nattempting to escape. An emergency signal was hoisted on the Ore-\\ngon and the siren sounded t attract the attention of the fleet.\\nThe Spanish fleet, in column, came boldly out of the harbor. In\\nthe lead was the Maria Teresa, Admiral Cervera s flagship. The Viz-\\ncaya. Colon and Oquendo followed, then the destroyers Furor and Plu-\\nton.\\nThe Iowa had her guns trained on the flagship, but her crew stopped\\nfor a moment to cheer the Spanish ship as she sailed boldly from safety\\ninto danger. The crucial test was about to be made. On one side were\\nfour battleships and two destroyers, on the other four battleships, an\\narmored cruiser, and two converted yachts. Allowing for the superior\\nspeed possessed by the Spanish ships, the conditions were equal as\\nregarded armament and guns. Rut on one side was the theatrical,", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "HG SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nimpulsive daring of the Latin, on the other the cool courage of the\\nAnglo-Saxon; on one side officers who treated their men as slaves, on\\nthe other officers who treated them as men; ob one side men who had\\nhad little experience with the guns, on the other men who had been\\ntrained for years with daily target practice.\\nAnd in the two countries whose ships had met in the southern seas\\nthere was a vital difference. The ruler of one was a man, chosen by\\npopular vote, watching for results with no deeper anxiety than seventy\\nmillion others felt, while far away in Spain, a little boy, scarcely more\\nthan a child, turned his wondering eyes toward the west from the blood\\nstained steps of his tottering throne.\\nThe Iowa was turned so as to bring the Teresa on her starboard\\nbow, and Captain Evans gave the order, Commence firing range five\\nthousand yards. Three of the Spanish ships were now in plain sight\\nand the heavy guns of the Oregon were also firing at the flagship. The\\nIndiana came up from the Morro, and brought her guns to bear. The\\nport battery of the Iowa was firing on the Teresa, and the starboard\\nbattery on the Vizcaya and the Oquendo. The Oquendo, superior to\\nthe Iowa in speed, though severely injured, went on after the other ships,\\nand the Colon made a gallant dash for liberty, striking the Iowa twice\\nas she passed.\\nAs the torpedo boats came out from under the lee of the Morro the\\nGloucester made for them with a great burst of speed, while the rapid-\\nfire batteries of the Iowa, Indiana and Oregon were also brought to\\nbear.\\nThe Gloucester made short work of the two torpedo boats, and in\\neight minutes from the time they first came under fire, one had sunk and\\nthe other was pounding on the rocks. The Oquendo and the Teresa\\nhad headed for the beach, the Brooklyn and Oregon were chasing the\\nColon, firing at the Vizcaya meanwhile. As the Texas and the Iowa\\ndrew near, steadily firing, the Vizcaya headed for the beach. Presently\\nit was seen that she was on fire aft, but her flag still flew at her mast-\\nhead, so the Iowa opened fire again with her twelve-inch guns. As the\\nfire gained headway she made a run for the beach, so Captain Evans\\nsignaled Cease firing, and going as near as the depth of water would\\npermit, prepared to rescue the crew of the Vizcaya,\\nIn two minutes from the time the signal was first given, the heavy\\nguns of the Indiana had been trained upon the Morro. From his posi-\\ntion on the bridge, Captain Taylor called Get to your guns, lads, our\\nchance has come at last, and the men answered with a cheer. There", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "THE DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA S FLEET. 147\\nwas a period of doubt as to the intention of the Spanish fleet. Two of\\nthe four siiips seemed to be heading for the Indiana, probably to torpedo\\nor ram her, and the fire of the heaviest guns was reserved for the possible\\nemergency. The torpedo boat destroyers also complicated the Indiana s\\nsituation. But day by day on the Indiana the exact range of the Spanish\\nships had been taken and her fire was hence very effective.\\nThe gunner s books show that during the first forty minutes of the\\nengagement, the Indiana fired eighteen hundred and seventy-six projec-\\ntiles, of which only twenty-five were of small size. It was a heavy shell\\nfrom the Indiana which first set the Vizcaya afire, and one from the\\nsame ship exploded upon the Teresa and did great damage. The Colon\\nand Furor were also struck by shells from the Indiana.\\nAs the Teresa and Oquendo headed for the beach, the gallant crew\\nof the Indiana gave a cheer that resounded above the roar of her guns.\\nWhen the Vizcaya struck her colors, the bugles of the Indiana sounded\\nCease firing. The remaining Spanish ship, the Colon, was far to the\\nwest, with the Brooklyn and Oregon in full pursuit. At this moment\\nthe flagship New York, which had come abreast of the Indiana from the\\neastward, firing twice at the torpedo boat destroyers as she passed,\\nsignaled to the Indiana to return and guard the harbor entrance.\\nIt was Captain Taylor s intention to guard the harbor entrance and\\nat the same time to send relief parties to the Oquendo and Teresa. But\\ntwo of the light-armored vessels, the Harvard and the Resolute, brought\\nword of a Spanish battleship approaching from the eastward and attack-\\ning the transports near Siboney.\\nThe Indiana soon sighted the ship, and when Captain Taylor could\\nno longer doubt that she flew the Spanish flag, he again sounded the\\ncall to quarters and ordered the men to the guns. The crew of the\\nIndiana had been under an intense strain and for three hours had been\\nat the guns, but without a moment s faltering the men rushed, cheering,\\nto their stations.\\nJust at the point of opening fire, the ship was discovered to be an\\nAustrian, but for fear of a ruse the Indiana approached her slowly with\\nTuns bearing. She signaled a wish to communicate with the American\\nship, and an Austrian lieutenant came aboard. He was gay with\\nepaulets and gold lace; the half-naked men who lined up to salute him as\\nhe passed were covered with powder smoke and dust. He had his\\nCaptain s request for permission to enter the blockading line and bring\\nAustrian refugees out of Santiago. Captain Taylor referred him to\\nAdmiral Sampson, telling him he would be found some distance to the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "148 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\neastward. The ensuing conversation is best told in Captain Taylor s\\nown Avords.\\nI told him we had just come out of action with Cervera s squadron.\\nHe showed great surprise and said\\nThen there has been a battle?\\nYes, I replied.\\nAnd the result? he asked, eagerly.\\nWe have defeated them.\\nBut where is Cervera s fleet now? he inquired.\\nHis flagship, the Maria Teresa, is there, Lieutenant, I answered,\\npointing at the same time to the beach a few miles distant.\\nBut I see nothing there but some smoke. Captain!\\nIt is the smoke of the Maria Teresa burning, Lieutenant; she is a\\nwreck upon the beach.\\nHe was silent and I continued:\\nClose to her on the beach, you will see another column of smoke;\\nthat is the Oquendo burning. On this side, nearer to us, is the Pluton,\\nsunk in the breakers; and the Furor is near her, but is on the bottom in\\ndeeper water and is not visible.\\nBut, he interrupted, you have then destroyed half those splendid\\nvessels of Cervera s!\\nWait, Lieutenant, I continued, and look a few miles farther to\\nthe westward, and you will see another column of smoke; that is the\\nVizcaya on the beach near Asserados. As to the Colon, she is still\\nfarther to the westward, out of sight from us here, but you will see her\\npresently as your Captaiu steers in that direction to find Admiral\\nSampson, who is at that end of our line.\\nHis eyes ranged along the shore as I pointed out the different\\nvessels.\\nMein Gott! he exclaimed. Then you have destroyed the whole\\nof that splendid squadron! I did not think it possible.\\nAfter a moment more of silent astonishment he said, with a polite\\nsympathy which concealed eager professional curiosity:\\nAnd your injuries, Captain? What losses has the American\\nsquadron sustained?\\nKone, I replied.\\nBut, Captain, you do not understand; it is what casualties what\\nships lost or disabled that I ask.\\nNone, Lieutenant, I said. The Indiana was struck but twice;\\nsuffered no injury, no loss. The other ships are virtually in the same", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF A GOOD AMERICAN SHOT.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "THE DESTRUCTION OF CERV ERA S FLEET. 149\\ncondition. We are all of us perfectly ready for another battle as much\\nso as before Cervera came out this morning.\\nHis astonishment was now complete.\\nMein Gott! be exclaimed again. Admiral Sampson s fleet has\\ndestroyed these great Spanish ships, and without injury to his own\\nsquadron! Sir, it is unheard of; I must go to inform my Captain.\\nTwo other vessels had also sighted the stranger, and Captain\\nEvans, on receiving the information, left the rescue of the remaining\\nprisoners to a smaller boat and at once cleared for action. Fifteen or\\ntwenty frightened American transports were in front of the supposed\\nSpaniard, making for the fleet as rapidly as possible. When the sturdy\\nIowa sailed out to meet the enemy, they followed her, slowly and cau-\\ntiously. Captaiu Evans had two hundred and fifty prisoners of war\\nupon his decks, and he at once went to Captain Eulate, of the Vizcaya,\\nand asked for their verbal parole against any act of treachery on the\\npart of any Spanish prisoner. This was willingly given. As soon as\\nthe identity of the cruiser was established, the engines of the Iowa were\\nstopped and all hands called to assist in burying the dead.\\nOn the battle ship Texas, hammocks had been unknown for weeks\\nbefore the battle. The condition of strained expectancy was at its\\nheight and never was there a more welcome sound than the call to arms.\\nThe Texas lay between the Brooklyn and the Iowa, and somewhat\\nfarther off the shore.\\nIt was shortly seen that Cervera s intention was to run his ships\\nwestward, and attempt to escape between the Brooklyn and the shore\\nbefore the heavier ships could catch him, but before he was fairly out-\\nside the harbor the squadron was pouring in a steady fire, effective\\neven at long range.\\nThe Spanish squadron was gay with battle flags, and Captain Philip\\ntells how the battle flags of the Texas were hoisted.\\nIt was this array, he says, which perhaps caused Lieutenant\\nHeilner suddenly to look aloft. There was the old Texas potterin\\nalong grimly, without any insignia of war except the Stars and Stripes\\nin its usual place at the stern.\\nWhere are our battle flags? he cried.\\nI guess they won t have any misconception about our being in\\nbattle, I remarked, as one of our six-inch shells threw up a column of\\nspray that seemed to fall over the Teresa s deck. But he wanted battle\\nflags.\\nWhat s a battle without battle flags? he demanded, and hurried", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "150 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\na messenger after them. The messenger returned with the information\\nthat the flags were in the locker and that the chief signal quarter-\\nmaster had the key. The signal quartermaster was very busy and\\nsomewhat inaccessible, being at his post in the fore uj)i)er top.\\nThen smash the locker, said the Lieutenant, and at la.st we got\\nour battle flags. I don t know that the Texas fought any better after\\nthat, but the Lieutenant was certainly happier.\\nThe Texas and the Brooklyn had a narrow escape from a collision\\nin the thick smoke. The Texas, after having fired several times upon\\nthe Teresa, turned her starboard battery upon the Vizcaya and Oquendo.\\nThe Texas fought a heavy battle with the Oquendo and fired at\\nleast two twelve-inch shells into the other Spanish ships. The Texas\\nwas struck three times, but no one was injured. At half past ten, as\\nshe passed the Oquendo, that ship ran up a white flag, and the Texas\\nbugler sounded Cease firing. The Vizcaya surrendered while the\\nTexas was still firing at her.\\nThe Texas also joined the Oregon and Brooklyn in the pursuit of\\nthe Colon, and as soon as it was seen that the capture was certain,\\nturned back and made attempts to rescue the wounded.\\nThe converted yacht, Gloucester, bore a gallant part in the fray.\\nHer deck was laden with ammunition, her men were near the guns, and\\nshe was ready for the fight at once. Opening fire, she turned toward\\nthe Indiana.\\nAs the destroyers came out of the harbor, the Captain of the Indiana\\nsignaled, Gunboats close in. This assured Lieutenant Commander\\nWainwright that he was not in danger from the guns of the Indiana and\\nhe ordered full speed ahead toward the Furor and Pluton.\\nCaptain Evans of the Iowa pays tribute to the gallant little craft\\nin the following words:\\nWhile Avatching the beautiful handling of this little ship, I was\\nstruck with the splendid execution she was doing. Both of her Colt\\nautomatic guns were blazing, fairly- sweeping the decks of the torpedo\\nboats, and her broadside guns were firing with mechanical rapidity.\\nShe was really spitting fire in every direction and presented a won-\\nderful picture to those who were fortunate enough to see it.\\nWhen the Gloucester was within six hundred yards of the Furor,\\nthe batter}- was concentrated upon it, the Pluton being evidently dis-\\nabled. Every shot seemed to strike. The Pluton ran on the rocks and\\nblew up, and at the same time the Furor turned toward the Gloucester.\\nBut as she continued to circle toward the little yacht, the rapid-fire", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "THE DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA S FLEET. 151\\nbatteries of the Gloucester disabled her. After a little, her own boilers\\nexploded. The Gloucester then began to rescue the Spaniards, whose\\ncondition, by this time, was pitiful.\\nThe high speed of the Brooklyn and Oregon was used to the fullest\\nextent in the chase after the Colon. The Brooklyn was struck at least\\nthirty times and was in the thickest of the fight. During the first part\\nof the action, the fire of three Spanish ships was concentrated upon the\\nBrooklyn, killing one man and wounding three others.\\nTell the men at the guns to fire deliberately and make every shot\\ntell, called the Commodore to Captain Cook. The Brooklyn had de-\\nscribed a perfect circle and, still pointing westward, began her famous\\nbattle. A big shell from the Texas and one from the Brooklyn crashed\\ninto the Vizcaya just above her armor belt, and cut her fire mains.\\nThe Vizcaya, whose armor was twice as thick as that on the Brooklyn,\\nand whose guns were of larger caliber, had taken a position within a\\nthousand yards of the Brooklyn, and the two ships were broadside to\\nbroadside.\\nThe range was given and the eight-inch guns of the Brooklyn\\nboomed in answer. The smoke was too dense for the target to be seen,\\nbut the Colon was flashing at intervals with sudden flame. Five minutes\\npassed and the Brooklyn did not tremble save from the thunder of her\\nown guns. A marine in the foretop shrieked, Every shot is telling,\\nand two thousand pounds of metal were hurled upon the Vizcaya every\\nthree minutes. The Oregon came up and fired several heavy shells,\\nand in less than thirty minutes from the beginning of the fight the colors\\nof the Vizcaya. were hauled down, and she ran upon the shore, a hope-\\nless wreck.\\nThe Oregon, who had come from San Francisco by way of Cape\\nHorn, was getting her share of the battle. During those thirteen thou-\\nsand miles of sea the hope of revenging the Maine had inspired her\\ncrew. When the signal was first displayed, the men danced about the\\ndeck, cheering, shouting: There they come! There they come!\\nThe opening fire of the Oregon was directed upon the Teresa, and\\nher eight-inch gun was answered with a shower of shot and shell. As\\nthe column of Spanish ships cleared the harbor, the Oregon moved\\nfarther to the westward in order to head them off.\\nThe gun crews settled down to steady and deliberate work, but\\ndown below the protective decks, in the white heat of the furnace room,\\nwere the men who enabled the Oregon to accomplish what she did on\\nthat eventful day.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "152\\nSPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nAfter assisting the destruction of the Teresa, the Oregon turned\\nupon the Oquendo. When flames burst from the t^panish ship and she\\nturned in shore, Captain Clark called out: We have settled another,\\nnow look out for the rest. This was answered by a tremendous cheer,\\nwhich was repeated through the ammunition passages and magazines\\nand down in the boiler and engine rooms.\\nThe forward guns of the Oregon were now fii-ing on the izcaya.\\nWhen that ship finally gave up and headed for the shore, another cheer\\nADIOS, VIZCAYA\\nfrom five hundred throats sounded above the din of the guns. From\\nthe masthead of the Brooklyn fluttered the signal, Well done, brave\\nOregon.\\nThe Brooklyn and Oregon then began the long chase of the Colon.\\nThe Brooklyn was steadily heading for a distant point of land to head\\nher off, while the Oregon was forcing her further in shore. The Brooklyn\\nsignaled, facetiously, She seems built in Italy. The flags of the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "THE DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA S FLEET.\\n153\\nOregon answered, She may have been built in Italy, but she will end\\non the coast of Cuba.\\nWith a bone in her teeth, the Oregon dashed forward. The heroes\\nbelow decks were almost fainting at their tasks. Even the officers of\\nthe engineer force were feeding the roaring furnaces. From the mast-\\nhead of the Oregon flew the battle slogan of the army and navy, Re-\\nmember the Maine!\\nAn old boatswain s mate, stationed in the fighting top, yelled\\nCAPTAIN EVANS REFUSING EULATE S 8WOED.\\nthrough his megaphone, Oh, I say. Captain, can t you give her a\\nthirteen-inch shell, for God s sake!\\nThe forward thirteen-inch guns began to fire, slowly and deliber-\\nately. The crew were cheering wildly, and just after one o clock a thir-\\nteen-inch shell struck under the Colon s stern and her colors fell. The\\nbugle sounded, Cease firing, and the last shot had been fired.\\nThe pall of smoke had not lifted nor the last note of the bugle died", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "154 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\naway when the thunder of the guns was replaced by the strains of the\\nStar Spangled Banner, from the band. On the forward deck of the\\nOregon, five hundred and fifty men, not one of them injured, were\\ndancing about in a fever of joy. There were rousing cheers for the\\nCaptain, and amid cheers the Brooklyn signaled, Congratulations upou\\nthe glorious victory.\\nThe welcome of the fleet and the ovation given Captain Clark on\\nboard the New York must have made the stately Oregon proud of her\\nday s work, while the message that fluttered from the Brooklyn, Wel-\\ncome back, brave Oregon, made her crew cheer again.\\nThe rescue of the Spaniards was an act of simple mercy. In this\\nwork the Iowa took a leading part. Captain Eulate, of the Vizcaya,\\nwounded, was received aboard the Iowa with military honors. He\\noffered his sword to Captain Evans, but the tender was magnanimously\\nrefused. Two hundred and fifty of his men were on the deck of the\\nIowa. Afar on the horizon, the magnificent ship he had so lately com-\\nmanded was a mass of flame. With heartbreak in his voice he stretched\\nout his arms toward the ship that he loved, and cried, Adios, Vizcaya.\\nThe plucky little Gloucester had been busy with the wounded for\\nsome time. Admiral Cervera surrendered to Lieutenant Commander\\nWainwright. The men of the Ghiucester clambered on board the burn-\\ning Maria Teresa until Admiral Cervera remonstrated.\\nThe fire is very near her magazines, he said.\\nIt does not matter. Admiral, returned Lieutenant W^ainwright,\\nwe will not go until we have rescued all your men. And go she did\\nnot, though the armored sides of the flagship were almost red hot.\\nAs the Iowa resumed her blockading station, the Gloucester\\nbrought her prisoners upon board. All preparations were made to\\nreceive the Admiral with the honors due his rauk. The full marine\\nguard of eighty men were paraded, the officers and crew of the Vizcaya\\nstationed to do him honor, and the crew of the Iowa clustered over the\\nturrets, naked as they came out of battle.\\nLieutenant Wainwright accompanied the Admiral. The guard\\npresented arms, the officers uncovered, the bugles sounded, and tlie\\ncrew of the Iowa, with instinctive pride in a brave man who took his\\ndefeat like a soldier, broke forth into cheers that lasted fully a minute.\\nThe Admiral bowed his thanks. He was scantily clad, bare-headed, and\\nwithout shoes, yet he was every inch a soldier and a man.\\nMost of the prisoners were on the Iowa, and out of respect to the\\ndead and wounded and defeated, there was little cheering done. The", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "THE DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA S FLEET. 155\\ndead Spanish seamen, covered with their country s flag, were buried in\\nthe sea from the declc of a conquering ship, with their own chaplain\\nperforming the service.\\nYet throughout the fleet enthusiasm ran high. The men on the\\nOregon were hoarse with cheering; the crew of the Brooklyn were wild\\nwith delight.\\nThree cheers for Commodore Schley, shouted some one, and the\\ndecks of the Brooklyn echoed a resounding cheer. The oflicers were\\ngrouped upon the forward deck, and then there was a scene which could\\nhave taken place nowhere in the world but on the deck of an American\\nbattleship. Commodore Schley, deeply touched, stepped forward.\\nThank you, boys, he said, but I didn t do it. You re the boys\\nwho did it. Let the officers cheer the crew.\\nHats came off instantly and the officers paid their tribute to the\\ncrew the men who swabbed the decks, hoisted ammunition and ran\\nthe furnaces; then three times three for the men behind the guns.\\nOn the American side throughout was a superb indifference to\\ndanger. The men were calm and collected, with the cool Anglo-Saxon\\ncourage which faces imminent death simply as a matter of discipline\\nand duty. A cadet on the Iowa, where the fire was thickest, coolly\\ntilted a camera to get a snap shot of the enemy. The men on the Glouces-\\nter rescued the seamen from the Furor and Plutou in the face of a heavy\\nfire from the Spanish battleships. On the Brooklyn, a man overcome\\nby the heat of the furnaces was carried to the deck. Four of his fellow\\nworkers wei e around him when he opened his eyes. He looked around\\nat them and said, Why the devil don t you fellows get back to work?\\nWhat are yer standin there for? And as they slunk away, he said to\\nthe doctor: Say, Doc, are we catchin the dago?\\nIt was also on the Brooklyn that a man replaced the battle flag,\\nwhich had been shot away, in the face of a heavy fire, and there that a\\nman crawled out on the muzzle of a gun to ram out a shell. The enemy\\nwas firing and death was certain if he dropped off, but his attempt was\\nsuccessful and he returned amid the cheers of his mates.\\nUp to July 3, 1898, the British navy had held the record for gunnery\\nat forty-two per cent. At the battle off Santiago the American navy\\nadvanced it to eighty-two per cent.\\nSurely the Fourth of July never held a greater significance. Put\\nto another fearful test, the undefeated flag shone with a newer light.\\nThe city of Santiago had been taken by as brave a charge as an army\\never made. Over the far-off Philippines, the Stars and Stripes floated.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIII.\\nADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY.\\nSometimes men attain to fame gradually, sometimes by one deed\\nthat makes nations pause and hold their breath in wonder. Of these\\nwas Dewey.\\nBefore the battle of Manila, the great mass of his countrymen, even,\\nhad never heard of him. Now his name is spoken with awe and respect\\nin two continents and he will go down to history as Admiral Dewey,\\nhero, who altered the map of the world in a single hour.\\nSuccess seemed sudden the matter of a moment. But through\\nsixty-two inconspicuous years, while discipline and experience were ac-\\ncomplishing their perfect work, DcAvey was making ready for the battle\\nof Manila. That he should use the opportunity when it came was as\\ninevitable as the conclusion of a logical premise.\\nDewey as a boy, however, had only latent possibilities. He was a\\nleader among his playmates even then, but his accui acy of judgment,\\nand his rare power of counting the cost, were acquired later. Fifty\\nyears or so ago he was a hot-headed, generous, obstinate schoolboy in\\nthe bleak, barren village school house, with its stiff wooden benches\\nand rough desks. His most innocent pastime w^as carving his initials\\nwherever space offered, and the G. D. s appearing all about, even now,\\ntestify to the good edge of his jackknife. These were the days when he\\nactetl his own pleasure, and when his definition of pleasure was not the\\none given in Ihe dictionary.\\nWith two other strong, muscular boys, he formed a kind of invinci-\\nble triangle that kept the whole school in subservience, terrorized the\\nschool trustees and made the school such an extremely unpleasant\\nplace for the teacher that one pedagogue after another left it in despair.\\nBut the haughty triumvirate was destined to meet a most humiliat-\\ning Waterloo at the hands of a teacher half their size, weighing just\\nninety jjounds.\\nThe man who inflicted the defeat is now Major J. K. Pangbom, but\\nthen he was only Mr. Pangbom, the new teacher fresh from college. The\\nboys thought they had found an easy victim and began with their usual\\ntactics.\\n156", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "OFFICER DEWEY THE LAST TO LEAVE THE BURNING SHI!\\nMISSISSIPPI", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 157\\nI took charge of the school, Major Pangborn says in telling the\\nstory, and for the first week there was no outbreak. George Dewey\\nwas one of the boldest and brightest of the younger lads, and above all\\nthings loved a fight. He was ever looking for trouble. He had the per-\\nsonal qualities of a leader, and while there was nothing you could call\\nbad about him, he resented authority and evinced a sturdy determina-\\ntion not to submit to it, unless it suited him.\\nThe crisis arrived in this fashion: After the usual afternoon recess\\none Monday, Dewey did not return to the school room. I sent for him,\\nbut the messenger returned with the message that George had declared\\nthat he wasn t coming and that I might go to the devil. After school\\nthat day, George, who had climbed into the cupola of the old statehouse,\\namused himself by pelting the children with snowballs, and when I\\nwent out and commanded him to come down, he again advised me to\\ngo to the devil.\\nI was mad, and when I got home I spent the evening perfecting a\\nplan of campaign for the next day. I first of all provided myself with a\\nvery substantial rawhide, and at a late hour that night took it to the\\nschool room and placed it over the ledge of the entrance door, where it\\nwould be ready to my hand when I entered school next day. I also se-\\ncured two or three round sticks of cord-wood and placed them on top\\nof the wood box in the school room where I could reach them easily. I\\nthen went to bed and slept like a baby, for I had resolved that when the\\nrumpus started I would be the first to fire a broadside.\\nDewey came to school the next day as if nothing had happened and\\ntook his place at his desk as demurely as any young miss of them all.\\nHis smile was both child-like and bland. I wasted no time in prelim-\\ninaries, but as soon as the scholars were in their places I summoned\\nDewey to the platform in a terrible voice.\\nHe came with a saucy twinkle in his eyes, and seemed to survey\\nmy slender proportions with a contempt bordering on amusement. Then\\nI began to talk. I summed up the head and front of his offending in a\\nvoice that brought ice to the window-panes, and wound up by saying\\nthat he must forthwith say he was sorry for having misbehaved him-\\nself, apologize both to me and to the school for what he had done and\\npromise to be obedient and orderly in the future. I told him if he did\\nnot do this I should punish him then and there.\\nDewey laughed. The next instant, I and the rawhide were\\nwinding and tossing around him like the fire of one of the warships that\\nhave made his name famous the world over. I was little and slender,\\n11", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "158 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nbut so also was the rawhide, and the two of us so demoralized Dewey\\nthat almost before I was aware of it he was Ij ing in a heap on the floor.\\nHe was bleeding from a wound in the hand, and Avhimpering as any boy\\nwould at receiving so tremendous a thrashing. He was conquered,\\nwhile I glared over his prostrate form at the other rebellious spirits in\\nthe school.\\nFor an instant they sat motionless, so extreme was their surprise.\\nThen seven of them started up the defile formed by the row of desks, to\\nhave my blood. But I was ready for them. Seizing a stick of cord-wood\\nfrom the firebox I dealt the first boy who crossed into my territory a\\nblow between the eyes that sent him to the floor with a crash. The\\nothers paused.\\nSit down! I roared, and down they all sat.\\nThat ended the Dewey revolt.\\nMr. Pangborn took the boy home to his father, somewhat the worse\\nfor wear, he told him, but still in condition for school work. Dr.\\nDewey thanked him with his fine old-fashioned courtesy, and said that\\nif the lesson needed emphasis it should have it. But Dewey knew when\\nhe had had enough, and when he had met his master.\\nHe turned over a new leaf and soon was transformed into one of the\\nbest pupils Major Pangborn had. The other boys followed his example,\\nand the school became as famous for its order, as in the past it had been\\nnotorious for disorder. Dewey and his teacher grew to be such friends\\nthat when Mr. Pangborn went to another school Dewey accompanied\\nhim.\\nMany years afterwards there was a meeting of the two. Dewey was\\nthen a lieutenant in the navy. I shall never cease to be grateful to\\nyou, he said to his old teacher. You made a man of me. Then he\\nadded with a smile, But for that thrashing you gave me in Montpelier\\nI should probably have been in state prison before this.\\nAdmiral Dewey was born in his father s old colonial house in ^lont-\\npelier, Vermont, the day after Christmas in the year 1837. His mother,\\nMary Perrin, died in his childhood, and when he was eight years old, his\\nfather. Dr. Dewey, was married again to Susan Edson Tarbox. Dr.\\nDewey was a courtly, polished gentleman of the old school, honored\\nthroughout the whole village for his integrity and force of character.\\nIn his early life, he studied medicine and settled in Montpelier as a phy-\\nsician. Fntil he was fifty he continued in the active practice of his pro-\\nfession. Then he founded the National Life Insurance Company, to the\\nsuccess of which he devoted his time and energv for the rest of his life.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 159\\nThe family kept up always its old-time style and stateliness, and\\nDewey came rightfully by the love of form and ceremony that is char-\\nacteristic of him. Mrs. Dr. Dewey drove about Montpelier in a low-\\nhanging barouche. Silver-plated harness clanked on her horses, and\\nwhen the townspeople saw the barouche api^roaching, half in awe and\\nhalf in jest, they whispered:\\nHere comes the Prince of Wales carriage.\\nDr. Dewey was a man with a deep religious nature. He founded\\nChrist Episcopal Church of Montpelier, and in many other ways contrib-\\nuted to the benevolent institutions of the town. His second wife died\\nalso, and at the age of fifty-four he married the third time. In 1877, at\\nthe age of seventy-six, he died full of years and honor.\\nIt was fortunate that the Admiral had such a man for a father. He\\nguided him without constraining him where it was possible. But in\\nan active boy s childhood are compassed so many misdemeanors, that\\nthe boy George reaped many times the just punishment of his mischief,\\nwhich his father did not fail to inflict when there was need. The village\\nlife gave him much freedom, and the opportunity to develop physically\\nwhich has served him in good stead all his life through.\\nOn the banks of the Onion River, which swept through the mead-\\nows at the rear of his home, he carved little boats and sent them floating\\noff, until he was strong enough and large enough to join in the sports\\nwhich the river afforded. In swimming and skating, he at once became\\na leader, outstripping all his other companions with his feats, causing\\nthem often, it is likely, to break the tenth commandment as they watched\\nhim.\\nIt was in this same little innocent Onion River, if accounts are\\ntrue, that Dewey had a narrower escape from death than in all the\\nrest of his perilous career afterwards. The best swimmers in the neigh-\\nborhood one afternoon were vying with each other to see how long each\\ncould stay under water. Dewey s turn came last and he went down with\\na determination to beat all previous records. But he did not come up\\nagain. The seconds lengthened and the boys realized that something\\nmust have happened. Their cries for help brought men from a field near\\nby, and the boy was finally pulled out limp and unconscious and laid on\\nthe bank. His friends worked over him anxiously until the color came\\ninto his face again, and when he opened his eyes, they felt almost as if\\na miracle had been performed in his behalf. But the fii st words that\\nDewey s gradually returning breath euabled him to utter showed his\\nunconquerable spirit. This was the question that his best friend of all", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "160 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nlieard him ask when he bent over him affectionately to hear what he\\nwas saying: Did I^beat them?\\nOther athletic sports besides aquatic feats also came within his\\nprovince. The day when the legislature opened its session each year\\nwas his great opportunity. People from all the country about thronged\\nto the capital city. The little boys munched gingerbread and peanuts\\nand the big boys of the several towns drank sweet cider and engaged\\nin feats of strength. In these competitions, young Dewey invariably\\ncame off victor, and the moment when all eyes were turned upon him,\\nas he bore off the championship for another twelve months, must have\\nbeen as sweet as any later victory.\\nHi^ was not a great reader, but what he did read he put as quickly\\nas possible to a practical use. Kobinson Crusoe, for instance, was\\none of his favorite works, because a boy could get so many new games\\nto play out of it. The life of Ilannibal, also, was very interesting, as\\ngiving a fine chance for thrilling scenes from life. Sometimes, however,\\nthese realistic reproductions were attended with much inconvenience,\\nas when Hannibal, in the person of young George, attended by his army,\\ncomposed of his little sister Mary, plunged through the Alps, repre-\\nsented by a huge soft snowdrift. As a result of the campaign, the army\\nwent to bed for a week, to recover from a heavy cold, and during that\\ntime Dewey was deprived of his most eificient assistant.\\nThis faithful sister was a very necessary part of the circuses, dramas\\nand minstrel shows given in the Dewey barn. George on these occa-\\nsions was playwright, director, prompter, business manager, stage\\ndirector and star actor. Mary only liked these things for her brother s\\nsake, and, when she could, shunned an appearance before the footlights,\\nbut sometimes it was necessary for her to come to the rescue. Once\\nthe ten-year-old leading lady, after the irresponsible fashion of dramatic\\ngeniuses, failed to put in an appearance. George, not to be overcome by\\nany situation, however serious, announced to his sister that she must\\ntake her place. Mary protested that she did not know her lines. But\\nGeorge said that made no difference, he would fire his pistol whenever\\nshe stumbled. The scheme worked so well that shooting became a reg-\\nular feature of the shows until Dr. Dewey discovered it and put a stop\\nto it before any casualties occurred.\\nGeorge and this accommodating little sister acted out many stirring\\ndramas together, and their acting always belonged to the realistic\\nschool. One of their favorite subjects was some old-time legend witli\\nmodern stage setting. A neighbor, who used to observe their fertility of", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. ICl\\nresource with rnuoh interest, describes one of their histrionic attempts\\nthus: I saw Mary wade into the river where the water was up to her\\nknees, and then George, with a wild yell, dashed out after her, brandish-\\ning a big stick, with which he beat the water in every direction. He\\nthrew his left arm around her and escorted her to shore. When they\\ncame up the bank I asked what the matter was, and the little girl, with\\na charming lisp, said: I was being rescued from a ferocious alligator\\nby my brother George, who came in time to save me, What was said to\\nMary when she reached home with her fresh, clean dress, ready once\\nmore for the ironing board, is not included in the neighbor s tale.\\nMany other stories are told about Dewey by his townspeople. One\\nof them, known as the Admiral s flrst cruise, shows a diplomacy pro-\\nphetic of his later achievements.\\nWhen he was about eleven, he started out one day with his father s\\nhorse and buggy for a tour of adventure, with his friend. Will Redfield.\\nIncidentally they were to drive the cows home. When they came to Dog\\nRiver,, however, which enters the Winooski River (known in Dewey s\\nboyhood as the Onion River), some miles from the town, they found it\\nhigher than the oldest inhabitant in the town had ever known it to be.\\nThe ford was impassable and William wished to turn back, but George\\nwould hear nothing of it.\\nHe plunged into the ford at full speed and found no bottom. The\\nlight buggy went adrift and floated off toward Lake Champlaiu, while\\nthe two boys scrambled to the back of the horse and managed to land\\nwith no personal discomfort except a good wetting. When George\\nreached home, his father was away on a professional call. The buggy\\nwas gone and the horse seemed rather shattered as to his nervous sys-\\ntem. It was a very sad state of affairs, but the boy did not meditate\\nlong. He went straight to bed without waiting for his supper.\\nIn due course of time his father arrived, and sought out his erring\\nson. George was apparently asleep, but when his father iu round terms\\nbegan to tell him what he thought of his rashness, George, in a small\\nvoice, replied from under the covers:\\nYou ought to be thankful that my life wath thpared.\\nThe hero of Manila comes of a race of fighters. Enthusiastic geneal-\\nogists trace the Dewey family back through forty generations, even to\\nCharlemagne himself, gathering into the relationship Pepin, King of\\nItaly, and half a dozen other kings and noblemen. However that may\\nbe, it is a fact beyond dispute, that as far back as the average mind can\\ntrace the Dewey family, it is one of i)atriots and fighters. Thomas", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "1G2 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nwej, known in history as Dewe^ tlic Settler, was the first of his\\nname on American soil. He was one of the splendid band of sturdy dis-\\nsenters that left old England for the freedom of the new world. George\\nDewey is a representative of the ninth generation since his time, and\\nbetween the earliest American Dewey and the latest there have been\\nmany brave men of the name who have fought Indians, or any other\\nfoe that menaced the safety of their country or fireside during the\\ndramatic chapters of our country s history.\\nWith such an inheritance, it is not strange that the thought of wai S\\nand battles should come early to the boy s mind and that his training\\nshould have made him fit to take part in them.\\nWhen he was sixteen he went for a year to the Norwich Militai-y\\nSchool at Norwich, Vermont. From there, his father intended to send\\nhim to the West Point Military Academy. But the boy s heart was set\\n(111 the navy. His father did not think much of sailors and told him so.\\nStill he was unwilling to thwart his son and yielded to his desire. One\\nof his schoolmates, George Spalding, had the same ambition, and it\\nmust have been a bitter disappointment to the boy Dewey when Senator\\nFoote of Vermont, who had the choice to make, gave the appointment\\nto his friend and named him as the altei uate. George Spalding s\\nmother interfering, however, withdrew her son from the competition,\\nand the appointment fell to Dewey after all.\\nGeorge Spalding is now a minister in Syracuse, New York, and after\\nthe battle of Manila he preached a sermon commemorating the victory\\nof his old schoolmate.\\nAt seventeen, in 1854, Dewey put the village life with its sorrows\\nand its joys, its defeats and triumphs, behind him to erter the Naval\\nAcademy at Annapolis. The entrance reijuirements there have always\\nbeen severe. A candidate must be, first of all, over fifteen and under\\ntwenty. The boy who passes the best examination is usually selected\\nand the next best is made alternative to take his place if for any reason\\nthe first candidate is rejected at the aca lemy.\\nExaminations are held in May and Sei)t( inber. When the prelim-\\ninary tests are successfully over, the boy ])resents himself at the acad-\\nemy. There a number of rigid examinations await him. To begin with,\\nthree medical officers of the navy pronounce on his physical fitness.\\nWeakness of the eyes, impaired hearing, impediment of the speech, even\\nthe loss of a number of teeth will throw a candidate out, for Uncle Sam s\\nsailor boys must be as sound as a man can be.\\nWhen the medical board has passed a boy with a favorable report.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEIVEY. 1G3\\nhis troubles are only half over. The academic board then takes him\\nin charge, and tests his proficiency in reading, writing, spelling, arith-\\nmetic, geography, English grammar. United States history, and alge-\\nbra. If he fails to reach the standard in any one of these branches,\\naway he goes back home again, with his hopes of Annapolis shattered\\nfor that year at least. Forty per cent only of the candidates are able\\nto pass the two boards. Of these Dewey was one.\\nThose who enter the academy bind themselves by oath to serve in\\nthe navy of the United States, unless discharged, forever. But even so,\\nonly about half finish their course. The rest of them find that the study\\nand discipline are too severe and they drop out of the ranks. But Dewey\\nheld on to the end and received his reward.\\nThe four years at Annapolis were very important in the boy s develop-\\nment. The discipline of the school was strict, but did not jirevent him\\nfrom fighting for his personal rights. He took advantage of this\\nleniency more than once to establish his position. For though he was\\nnot quarrelsome he resented insults.\\nEven at that time, the line between Northern boys and Southern\\nboys was sharply defined at the Naval Academy just as it was at West\\nPoint. Dewey did not hesitate to array himself with the Northern fac-\\ntion. The Southern boys found him an unyielding opponent, and they\\nmade a concerted effort to provoke a quaiTel. The effort was most suc-\\ncessful, for while Dewey accepted the name of Yankee with evident\\npride and enjoyment, dough-face and the other appellations which the\\nSouthern boys bestowed upon him tried his soul exceedingly.\\nWhen he could stand it no longer, he waited one day for his principal\\ntormentor as he was coming from the mess-room, knocked him down and\\npunished him thoroughly. Soon after, an inkstand was thrown at\\nDewey s head in the reading-room. Again he sought out the offender\\nand again won a decisive victory. His antagonist, however, was not\\nwilling to let the matter drop so, and sent a challenge to Dewey, saying\\nthat he would prefer pistols at close range and that the duel must be to\\nthe death.\\nThe challenge was accepted. On the day appointed, everything\\nwas ready at the place of meeting. The distance had been paced off,\\nand the seconds were just ready to place their principals, when the\\nofficers of the Academy, warned by one of the frightened students,\\nappeared and ended the proceedings.\\nSixty-five boys began the course with Dewey. Of them all, only four-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "I(i4 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nteen received diplomas at the end of four years. Dewey, then not twen-\\nty-one years, ranked fifth in his class.\\nThe next two years were passed on shipboard. Dewey s first cruise\\nwas on the old steam frigate Wabash, under the command of Captain\\nBarron of Virginia, who afterwards held to his State in the war and\\nserved in the Confederate navy. The Wabash was on the European\\nstation and the greater part of the time was spent in the MediteiTanean,\\nwith the shores of which Dewey became very familiar.\\nIn 1860 Dewey returned to Annapolis for his final examination. He\\nhad made good use of the two years, and this time he led all his class-\\nmates. Combined with his former grade this gave him the final posi--\\ntion of third in his class and the rank of passed midshipman. He\\nobtained a furlough and went home to Vermont to visit his father before\\nstarting out on another cruise.\\nIn February, ISGl, he received his first commission. Rumors of war\\nwere floating about. Everyone felt the suspense of a delayed crisis.\\nMany Southern officers resigned, and Dewey was consequently promoted\\nto the grade of master, a title no longer in use, corresponding to that\\nof a lieutenant of the junior grade in the modern navy.\\nOn the twelfth of April, Fort Sumter was fired upon. Dewey was\\nat the old home in Montpelier, enjoying his well-earned period of leisure,\\nwhen the news came. Six days afterwards, he received his commission\\nas lieutenant and was assigned to duty aboard the Mississippi under\\nCaptain Melancton Smith. Dewey was destined to see fierce fighting and\\nto do many brave deeds before he left the ship. For the Mississippi was\\nmade a part of the West Gulf blockading squadron, under the command\\nof Captain David G. Farragut, the grand old hero of many battles.\\nOn the twentieth of January, 1862, the fleet sailed for the Gulf of\\nMexico, to capture the City of New Orleans, one of the most formidable\\nConfederate strongholds. Farragut s first act when he reached the\\nmouth of the Mississippi River was to send his chief of stafif. Captain\\nBell, up the river with two gunboats to reconnoiter. Captain Bell re-\\nturned with the report that the approach to the city was strongly forti-\\nfied. T^-o forts were to be passed, thirty miles above the head of the\\npasses, Jackson on the right bank, and St. Philip a little farther up the\\nstream on the left. The Confederate government had taken possession\\nof both of these and had put them in thorough repair. Large hulks were\\nmoved in line across the river, with heavy chains extending from one to\\nthe other. The enemy had used rafts of logs also and the passage be-\\ntween the forts was entirely closed. Moreover, along the banks of the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 165\\nriver were ranged two hundred sharpshooters to pick off Federals\\nwherever they could and to give the forts warning of their movements.\\nBeyond the forts, a Confederate squadron of fifteen vessels was gath-\\nered, under Commodore J. K. Mitchell, to mete out punishment to the\\nFederals in case the grim lessons the forts would give should not prove\\neffective enough.\\nThe task that lay before Farragut seemed dangerous and difticult\\nbeyond hope of success. To break through these obstructions, pass up\\nthe channel between the forts, conquer the Confederate fleet, steam up\\nto New Orleans, and demand the surrender of the city, this seemed a\\nfairy tale, but Farragut made it history, and Dewey took lessons.\\nThe first difiiculty lay in getting some of the boats through the passes\\ninto the river. The Colorado, which drew twenty-two feet of water,\\ncould not be taken in at all, as there were only fifteen feet of water on\\nthe bar, and the Mississippi, after being lightened in even- possible way,\\nwas dragged ignominiously in by tugboats through a foot of mud. On\\nthe afternoon of April 27, the mortar boats were placed in position to\\nopen fire on the forts. For six days, with little interruption, the bom-\\nbardment continued. Then Farragut decided that an attempt might\\nbe made to pass the fort. On April 24, therefore, the Federal fleet got\\nunder way. As soon as the advance ship of the column came within\\nrange, the enemy opened fire, but one by one the Union ships went by.\\nThe Confederate gunboats were gathered together above the forts\\nand they met the attacking fleet with a rapid, heavy fire. But they Vvere\\novermatched and proved only an incident in the general progress. Just\\none hour and ten minutes after weighing anchor, the vessels had jjassed\\nthe forts and were on their way to New Orleans.\\nIt was one of the greatest feats in the history of naval warfare.\\nWith seventeen wooden vessels, against the swift current of the stream,\\nlittle more than half a mile in width, running the forts, imperilled by\\nburning rafts, Fan-agut went to meet the enemy s fleet, two of whose\\nvessels were ironclad. He either captured or destroyed every vessel of\\nit and lost but one of his own squadron. The achievement was not to\\nbe repeated until the war with Spain gave another great man a great\\nopportunity.\\nOn the morning of April 25, the fleet reached the Chalmette and\\nMcOehn batteries, three miles away from New Orleans. Here Farra-\\ngut s right of way was hotly disputed. But the batteries were silenced\\nand the fleet pushed on until the City of the Crescent was fairly under", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "166 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ntheir guns. They had reached the vantage at the cost of thirty-seven\\nmen killed and one hundred iui l fifty-seven wounded.\\nAn incident is told of Dewey during the progress of the fleet up\\nthe Mississippi that illustrates well his coolness and self-control. The\\nUnion ships went up the liver so near to one shore that the muzzles of\\nthe Southern guns protruded almost over the decks of the vessels. This\\nwas a piece of strategy on the part of the old sea warrior that saved him\\nthe life of many a man. For instead of being raked from both shores, as\\nwould have been the case if the vessels had gone up the middle of the\\nstream, they were so far from one shore that the projectiles could not\\nreach them and so near the other that it was almost impossible to\\ndepress the guns sufficiently to do them very great damage.\\nDewey was executive officer on his ship, and during the forward\\nmovement he stood on the bridge looking about him with calm uncon-\\ncern whenever the smoke lifted. A brother officer thus describes him\\nHe could be seen in the red and yellow glare flung from the cannous\\nmouths. It was like a thunderstorm with almost incessant lightning.\\nFor a time all would be dark. Then the forts would belch forth, and\\nthere was Dewey in the midst of it, the flames from the guns almost\\ntouching him, and the big shot and shell passing near enough to him to\\nblow him over with their breath, while he held firmly to the rail. His\\nhat had been blown off and his eyes were aflame. He gave his orders\\nwith the air of a man in thorough command of himself. He took in\\neverything. He saw a point of advantage and seized it at once.\\nSuddenly a Confederate ram darted out from the opposite shore.\\nOne of the other ves.sels barely escaped destruction from it, then the\\nlittle death-dealing craft turned her attention to Dewey s vessel. She\\nran off for a considerable distance, and coming about, started for the\\nMississippi with a full head of steam. To the wooden ships of that day,\\na blow from one of these rams was necessarily fatal, and it looked as if\\nthe ship was inevitably doomed. But Dewey did not swerve or flinch.\\nHe gave an order to a non-commissioned officer by his side, in an or-\\ndinary tone, and the officer disappeared to the gun deck. The ram was\\ncoming nearer every instant. Dewey paced back and forth on the bridge\\napi\u00c2\u00bbareutly oblivious.\\nJust at the instant, when it seemed as if every man might put up his\\nlast petition and prepare to die bravely, Dewey s vessel swerved to one\\nside and then was hauled up sharp, so that her broadside was presented\\nfull towards the ram.\\nThe tables were turned. Every gun on the Northern vessel centered", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 167\\nits missiles of destruction on the little Confederate ram. Her inefficient\\narmor was pierced in a dozen places and she settled so rapidly that it\\nwas found necessary to ground her in order to save her crew.\\nDewey came down from the bridge, when the vessel had gone on a\\nmile or so. His hat was blown away, and he was so begrimed by the\\nsmoke of the guns that he resembled nothing so much as a coal heaver.\\nOne of the men in the vessel says that he did not even look disturbed\\nand that he was not nearly so excited as the men on the ships ahead,\\nbeyond the danger line, who were looking back with dread, expecting\\nto see the ship go to the bottom at any moment.\\nIt is characteristic of Dewey that, as soon as the danger was over,\\nhe took a leisurely course to his cabin, and did not emerge until soap,\\nwater and fresh clothing had brought him to that pitch of cleanliness\\nand order which his fastidious taste demanded.\\nOu the twenty-fifth of April, the fleet anchored opposite New Orleans\\nand the formal capitulation of the city followed a few days later. Every-\\nthing on shore was in confusion. The levees were ablaze and the mob\\nelement threatened to break out at any moment. Marines were sent\\nashore and the public buildings put under guard until the arrival of\\nGeneral Butler on the first of May.\\nAt that time Admiral Farragut sent seven of his vessels up the river\\nand Natchez and Baton Rouge surrendered without resistance. For\\nseveral months the Mississippi, with the other vessels of the fleet,\\npatroled the river between New Orleans and Vicksburg, ascending the\\nbayous and doing good work for the Federal cause.\\nDuring this time Farragut visited the Mississippi on several occa-\\nsions, to steam up the river for reconnoitering purposes. The Southern-\\ners had a trick of rushing a field-piece to the top of a high bank, firing\\npointblank at the vessel and then ducking down again. On one occa-\\nsion Dewej dodged a shot and Farragut noticed him.\\nWhy don t you stand firm. Lieutenant? he asked. Don t you\\nknow you can t jump quick enough?\\nVery soon after, under similar circumstances, the Admiral jumped\\nto one side as a shot came whistling through the air.\\nThe Lieutenant smiled but kept quiet. The Admiral s conscience,\\nhowever, was troubling him. He cleared his throat once or twice,\\nshifted from one foot to the other and finally exclaimed:\\nWhy, sir, you can t help it, sir. It s human nature!", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "168 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nDESTRUCTION OF THE MISSISSIPPI.\\nIn March it was decided to pass Port Hudson, in order to blockade\\nthe river above it. Port Hudson is at a bend in the Mississippi, where\\nthere are bluffs a hundred feet high. On those of the east banlc, the\\nConfederates had mounted nineteen heavy guns and on the opposite\\nshore just below the bend a dangerous shoal was located.\\nCommander Farragut had with him the flagship Hartford, the\\nMonongahela, the Mississippi, the Richmond, Genesee, Albatross and\\nKineo. On the night of March 14, at ten o clock the signal was given\\nto advance. As the ships drew near the batteries, the enemy throw\\nup rockets and opened fire. Along the shore, at the foot of the bluffs,\\npowerful lamps were placed like locomotive headlights, and bonfires\\nalready stacked were touched off. The ships hugged the east shore to\\navoid the dangerous shallows, passing so close to the Confederate gun-\\nners that they could be heard swearing as thej- worked.\\nThe smoke from the guns and from the shore soon covered the ships\\nlike a cloud and involved them in even more danger than the Confed-\\nerate batteries. The pilots could see nothing.\\nSometimes the flagship in the lead pushed ahead of her own smoke,\\nbut the rest of the ships were as helpless as if they had been adrift\\nwithout rudder or compass. The Hartford was caught by the current\\nat the bend of the river, and swept around nearly on shore with her\\nhead toward the batteries. Her stern grazed the ground, but with the\\nassistance of the Albatross, she was backed clear, and passed by the\\nbatteries without serious injury. Only one man killed and two wounded\\nwas her record.\\nOne man fell overboard, and his agonizing cries for help Avere heard\\non board the other ships as they passed, powerless to save him.\\nThe Confederates did not depress their guns sufficiently to hit the\\nHartford as often as the ships that followed. The Richmond and her\\nconsort, the Genesee, were damaged and compelled to turn downstream,\\nwith three killed and fifteen wounded. The Mtmougahela went aground,\\nbut she finally floated free and drifted back the way she had come, with\\na loss of six killed and twenty-one wounded.\\nNext came the Mississippi, firing whenever her guns could be\\nbrought to bear. She was just passing the last and most formidable\\nbattery, and all on board were breathing a sigh of relief at danger\\nover, when she grounded and heeled over. The engines were reversed at", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 169\\nonce, and the port guns run in to bring her on an even keel, while the\\nfire from her starboard battery was reopened on the forts. Steam was\\nincreased to the last ounce of pressure which the boilers would bear.\\nShot and shell fell all about in a deadly shower, raking the decks again\\nand again. In the fearful purgatory, the engines strained and tugged\\nwithout avail, for an eternity of thirty minutes.\\nCaptain Smith then saw that it would be impossible to get the ship\\nafloat, and he gave the order to spike the port battery and throw the\\nguns overboard. But before it could be carried out, the enemy s firing\\nbecame so rapid and severe, that the captain decided to abandon the\\nship at once in order to save the lives of the men. They were exposed\\nto the crossfire of three batteries, with the shot hulling the vessel fre-\\nquently. Sick and wounded were ordered up. The three small boats,\\nall the Mississippi had, were immediately employed in landing them and\\nthe crew. There were nine chances out of ten that the men would be\\ntaken prisoners; but whatever happened to them, they, as well as their\\ncommanders, were determined that their ship should not be captured by\\nthe enemy, and their own guns trained against them by Confederate\\nhands.\\nAll the small arms were thrown overboard, the engineers were or-\\ndered to destroy the engine, and the ship was set on fire in the forward\\nstore-room. A yeoman was sent below to make sure that this was thor-\\noughly done, when three shots entered the store-room, letting in the\\nwater and putting out the flames before his eyes.\\nThe ship was then set on fire in four places aft. Every man left the\\nship except Captain Smith and his first lieutenant, George Dewey. Are\\nyou sure she will burn? the captain asked anxiously. I ll give a last\\nlook, Dewey answered.\\nHe took his life in his hands, and the few moments before he reap-\\npeared were full of suspense for the captain. But the young lieuten-\\nant s time had not yet come. He could not be spared from the future of\\nthe United States. He reported that all was well and then the two men,\\nwith heavy hearts, abandoned the ship that had carried them so well\\nthrough other hot contests.\\nBy the removal of the crew, and the destruction of her upper works,\\nthe Mississippi was relieved of so much weight that she floated off the\\nbank and drifted down the river. This circumstance, which would\\nhave been the deliverance of the crew an hour before, became only a\\nmenace and danger to the Union vessels below, who could not bring any\\nrules of navigation to bear when the great burning hulk swept towards", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "170 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthem. But, fortunately, she passed them without doing any injury, and\\nat lialf past five in the morning blew up with a terrific crash. The sound\\nof the explosion was like a knell to the sailors of the Mississippi, but\\nthe Confederates gave a shout of joy for miles around.\\nOne of the crew of the Mississippi at Port Hudson describes Dewey as\\nthe coolest man on the ship. He tells of a command which illustrates\\nwell his practical genius.\\nThe order, says this man, to attack Port Hudson came at night.\\nDewey, on his own responsibility, ordered us to whitewash the decks,\\nSo that the gun crews would have a chance to see the running gear of\\nthe guns. Such an order had never been given before, to the crew of a\\nman-of-war.\\nAnother marine tells how Dewey, for the second time that night,\\nrisked his life without a thought.\\nThe crew were told to save themselves, he says. Lieutenant\\nDewey could have escaped easily, as he was a bold and powerful swim-\\nmer, but he was too unselfish to think only of himself so long as any of\\nhis comrades were in danger. Not far from him he spied a seaman who\\nwas trying his best to keep above water, after his right arm had been\\nparalyzed by a bullet. Dewey struck right out for him and gave him a\\nlift, till they reached a floating spar. Then the wounded man was towed\\nashore in safety.\\nEven at this time Dewey was beginning to make his personality felt\\nin the navy. He was cautious in forming his plans but fearless in carry-\\ning them out.\\nCaptain Smith in his report of the battle says: I consider that\\nI should be neglecting a most important duty should I omit to mention\\nthe coolness of my executive officer, Mr. Dewey, and the steady, fearless\\nand gallant manner in which the officers and men of the Mississippi de-\\nfended her, and the orderly and quiet manner in which she was aban-\\ndoned after being thirty-five minutes aground under the fire of the\\nenemy s batteries.\\nNo one knows the exact number of lives lost on the Mississippi, but\\nwhen the ship s company was mustered after the action, sixty-four were\\nfound missing out of a total crew of two hundred and ninety-seven.\\nFully twenty-five of the missing were believed to have been killed.\\nAfter the loss of the Mississippi Lieutenant Dewey was transferred to\\none of the smaller gunboats, which Admiral FaiTagut used as a dis-\\npatch boat. Closer relations were thus brought about between the two\\nmen, and the Admiral became much attached to his young lieutenant,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 171\\nwhile Dewey could have found no better school of experience for his\\nfuture needs if he had hunted the world over than this association with\\nthe great naval genius.\\nOn the fourth of July, 1863, Vicksburg sun-endered, and the Missis-\\nsippi was open from Cairo to the Gulf. Down to New Orleans, the\\ncommand of the river was given to Admiral Porter, and Farragut was\\nordered to coutine himself to the coast blockade.\\nDewey was transferred to the steam gunboat, Agawam, which was\\nattached to the North Atlantic blockading squadi on. He was made ex-\\nexecutive officer of the vessel, and Clark Fisher, the chief engineer, was a\\nmessmate of his. Even at that time, Mr. Fisher says that Dewey was\\nconsidered one of the best men in the service. He was prompt without\\nbeing hasty, a good disciplinarian, and active, energetic and alert in\\neverything he undertook.\\nMr. Fisher knew the executive officer s capabilities well. He saw\\nhim meet many a crisis with the same wise, clear, direct judgment that\\ncarried him into Manila Bay. For the Agawam was in the heat of battle\\nmuch of the time, aud those tense moments when whistling bullets and\\nscreeching shells are bearing death all about, test men s souls as nothing\\nelse can do. The Agawam, too, was in constant danger of destruction\\nfrom the torpedoes released up the river by the enemy, but Dewey took\\nthe hour and the day as it came, undisturbed and imperturbable.\\nDewey and Fisher became veiy good friends during their service to-\\ngether, but even with so close a friend it was difficult for Dewey to\\novercome the natural reserve of his nature.\\nHe was an obscure young officer then, now he is a hero whom the\\nwhole world delights to honor, and whose lightest wish is a law. But\\nhis consideration for others, and his fear of causing trouble, are just as\\nmarked as when he stood on the Agawam, watching Mr. Fisher making\\nready to go North on a furlough.\\nI was packing my trunk, says the engineer in telling the story,\\nwhen Dewey came up with his hands in his pockets. He was always\\na reticent sort of fellow, even with his most intimate friends, and he\\nhadn t talked long before I knew that he wanted to say something that\\nhe hated to, so I finally asked him why he didn t drive straight at the\\nmark. I told him that I knew he was simply beating ai ound the bush,\\nand suggested that we had been good friends enough for him to speak\\nright out and let me know exactly what he wanted.\\nWell, Fisher, said he, you know I don t like to trouble anybody,\\nbut I do want you to do me a favor if you will when you get North.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "173 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nNow, said I, what is it, old man?\\nYou see, Fisher, said he, a fellow corked up here like a mouse\\nin a trap hasn t much use for money and I have saved a little. It has\\nbeen rattling around in my trunk for several months doing nobody any\\ngood, and I want to get it to my father; he might invest it for me, and\\nwhen I need it, it may amount to something. I thought that it might not\\nbe too much trouble for you to take it to the old gentleman while you\\nare up in his neighborhood. I d mail it, but you know that under the\\npresent circumstances it would prob ably never reach him.\\nProbably not, I answered; and if I can get it to him I shall be very\\nglad to do so.\\nDewey pulled a roll of money out of his pocket and counted it.\\nThere s four hundred dollars, even, said he; it isn t much, but it will\\ncome in handy if a fellow is ever laid uj).\\nHe handed me the money, and I tucked it away in an inside pocket\\nof my coat, along with some money of my own. The next day I started\\nfor home. On the way our train was held up by a band of guerrillas. I\\ntried to escape, but one of the thieves caught me by the coat tails. The\\ncoat that he had hold of was a trifle loose for me, and I slipped out of it,\\nleaving it in the hands of the guerrilla, jumped for the bushes and made\\nmy escape. The fellow sent a bullet after me, but he was probably too\\nastonished to take good aim. When I reached a point where I felt that\\nI was safe, I sat down and thought the situation over. It occurred to me\\nfor the first time, then, that Dewey s money had gone with the coat. I re-\\ngretted it, of course, but I didn t feel like going back and making an\\neffort to get it. My own money went along with it. The money was\\nnever invested for Dewey, but I guess he has managed to get along\\npretty well without.\\nWhile Dewey was attached to the North Atlantic squadron, the\\nfamous attack on Fort Fisher took place. This fort was in North Caro-\\nlina at the entrance of Cape Fear Kiver, and it was from here that the\\nprincipal operations of the blockade runners were carried on. They\\nwere so successful in getting clothing, food and arms to the Southern\\narmy, that the Navy Department realized that unless these supplies\\nwere cut off, the war would be greatly prolonged. Accordingly an at-\\ntack was planned by land and sea. In December, 1865, the largest fleet\\nthat had evvv sailed under the Union flag gathered twenty-five miles\\naway from Fort Fisher. The story of the fight is full of picture and in-\\ncident. The first assault was a negative victory, owing to the lack of\\nco-operation of the land forces, but about two weeks later the fort fell", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 173\\nbefore the combined forces of the army and navy. The battle began at\\nnine in the morning and waxed hotter and more furious as the day went\\non. The vessels, each anchored in its respective pU^ce, poured forth\\ndeadly volleys, and on shore, the Union soldiers pushed the Confederates\\nback and back, from traverse to traverse, till they broke ranks and\\nfled in panic.\\nWhen the result of the battle was summed up, it Vt^as found that\\nseven hundred men had been killed and wounded, and eighteen hun-\\ndred taken prisoners. ^loreover, the Confederates had lost one of their\\nsafest and securest strongholds and the end of the war was in sight.\\nDewey, who was then on the ship Colorado, came out of the battle\\nwith another honor to his credit. Towards the end of the fight, he sug-\\ngested a certain manoeuver which Commodore Thatcher carried out.\\nAfterwards, Admiral Porter congratulated Commodore Thatcher on\\nits success, but with a cordial ring in his voice, that must have been as\\ngratifying to his lieutenant as his words, he disclaimed any credit for\\nthe manoeuver, and said:\\nYou must thank Lieutenant Dewey, sir.\\nImmediately after the battle of Fort Fisher, Commodore Thatcher\\nwas made acting rear-admiral, and a few weeks later was ordered to\\nMobile Bay to relieve Farragut. He rated his former lieutenant at his\\ntrue worth and recommended him for his fleet captaincy, but the\\ndepartment did not see fit to follow his suggestion and appoint Devi ey.\\nHowever, the reward of his ability and bravery was not long in\\ncoming. For on the third of March, 1865, he was made lieutenant-com-\\nmander. War brings about rapid changes and quick promotions. If a\\nman is made of heroic stuff, he has an immediate opportunity of show-\\ning his worth, without passing through the tedious processes necessaiy\\nto times of peace. Thus Dewey, only eleven years after he had entered\\nthe Naval Academy, attained a rank which under ordinary circum-\\nstances would have required a service of thirty years.\\nDewey s association with Farragut, Porter, Thatcher, Smith and\\nmany other naval heroes of that day, was invaluable to him in the tasks\\nthat fell to him in later years. His conduct throughout the war won\\nhim an enviable reputation, and he stood high in the estimation of his\\nsuperior officers. In the period between the wars, many desirable\\nassignment.s fell to his share.\\nImmediately after peace was declared he served for two years in the\\nEuro])ean station as lieutenant-commander. He was first assigned to\\nduty on the famous old Kearsarge, whose overwhelming victory over\\n12", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "174 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthe Confederate sloop-of-war Alabama at Cherbourg, was still fresh in\\nthe annals of the navy.\\nThe old ship, which now lies rotting away on Roncador Reef in the\\ntropics, where Commander Oscar F. Hayerman put her, through a mis-\\ntake of a new navigating oflScer, was very near to Dewey s heart. The\\nnew Kearsarge will take the place of the old so far as may be, but it has\\nno associations yet. In Manila, not many months ago, Dewey met an old\\nfriend.\\nBob, he said, do you remember when we were in the old Kear-\\nsarge together? I loved that ship, Bob, better than I ever loved a thing\\nthat couldn t talk. But I shouldn t say the old tub couldn t talk. Even\\nnow I can recall the pleadings and chatter of her bulkheads when we\\nused to drive to windward against a beam sea. How she used to put her\\nnose into it!\\nAway up to the cat heads, the mighty combers used to come, her\\nheaving cutwater hurling fathoms of foam to either side and her rigging\\nas taut as harpstrings. I shall never forget the old hulk and I am par-\\nticularly anxious to see the new one.\\nFrom the Kearsarge, Dewey was transferred to the steam frigate,\\nColorado, the flagship of the European squadron.\\nHe was called by those who cruised under him one of the kindest\\noflScers to the men forward who ever commanded a ship. He was tender-\\nhearted and tolerant, reluctant to punish the harmless little sins which\\na sailor falls into. But he never allowed his natural compassion to in-\\nterfere with his duty. Absolute discipline prevailed aboard, and serious\\noffenders found him implacable.\\nWith lying and deceit he had no patience, and his sailors soon dis-\\ncovered that it was much wiser to own up to a fault frankly, for, though\\nthey would be sentenced to punishment according to regulations, the\\nchances were good that they would be released from the brig before\\ntheir time was half out.\\nDrunkenness was a vice he could not abide, and he would not have a\\ndrunkard about him. The story is told, tJiat on one cruise, a petty officer\\nwent ashore and returned very far from sober. The next morning he\\nwas brought before Dewey at the mast, and began a trumped-up story\\nabout being ill. Dewey stopped him abruptly.\\nYou are lying, he said shortly. You were very drunk. I heard\\nyou myself. I will not have my men lie to me. I don t ask them not to\\ndrink, but I do expect them to tell me the truth. If you had told me\\nfrankly you had taken a drop too much on liberty, you would have been", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 175\\nforward by this time, for you returned to the ship. But for lying you\\nget ten days in irons. Let me have the truth hereafter. I am told you\\nare a good seaman. A good seaman has no business telling lies.\\nDewey felt so strongly on the subject of drunkenness, that he ex-\\nclaimed once:\\nYou can never tell what harm a drunken man will do. I would\\nmuch rather be compelled to be shipmate with a lunatic. Him I could\\nrestrain, but not the drunkard. If I had my way, no officer in either\\narmy or navy who had been court-martialed and dismissed the service\\nfor drunkenness should ever be restored to the active list unless his\\nreformation was absolutely sure.\\nThere is another story told of Dewey which illustrates the maxim\\nof tables turned very well. As a boy he was particularly fond of prac-\\ntical jokes and never lost an opportunity to play one. Biit on one\\nvoyage he met his match in one of his own sailore.\\nOn this cruise, one of the men had delirium tremens. It was an ex-\\ncellent object lesson, and Dewey used it upon his men with good effect.\\nOnce or twice when the sailors had shore leave, Dewey admonished\\nthem not to bring any snakes on board when they returned. One day,\\nwhile the ship was in an East Indian port, a sailor came crawling up the\\nside, seemingly much the worse for liquor. Dewey looked him over for\\na moment.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2So you ve brought some snakes back with you? he said severely.\\nThe man saluted with all due respect, and replied Yes, sir, here it\\nis. Putting his hand in his shirt he drew out a squirming rock python\\nwhich he had secured from a native who had caught it ashore.\\nDewey realized that he had been caught and dismissed the man with\\na secret smile. He made no more allusions to snakes on that ciniise.\\nHis sense of humor is one of the most delightful things about his\\ncharming personality, and an incident comes from his time of service\\nin the Mississippi, showing that be could appreciate a joke then as well\\nas he can now. The ship s cook was an old darky morbidly afraid of\\nsharks. The ship was lying in Mobile Ray at the time, and he and\\nDewey had many arguments on the subject, in which the future Admiral\\nmaintained that sharks could not be induced to bite a human being.\\nOne day he was sent ashore in the ship s dingey for some unimport-\\nant errand. He had on, as usual, a frock coat, with very long tails, sucli\\nas all naval officers wore in those days. In obedience to orders, he hur-\\nried back, the sloop being on. the point of getting under weigh, and, as he\\nsat in the stern of the skiff, his coat tails trailed in the water. Just as", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "no SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthe dingey was on the point of reaching the vessel a shark rose to the\\nsurface perhaps attracted by the gilt buttons on the coat tails afore-\\nsaid and bit off the starboard side of the lieutenant s afte^ uniform.\\nDewey jumped to his feet, and, well satisfied under the circumstances\\nto relinquish his coat tails, ran the side of the ship. The Doctor,\\nwho had viewed the proceedings from the rail of the vessel, approached\\nhim presently with a grin of the utmost width.\\nAh, ha! he said, taking advantage of the familiarity customarily\\nallowed him on board. Perhaps, Massa Dewey, yo b lieve now dat\\nsharks won t bite a pusson. Whar you coat tail, eh?\\nMy coat tail, replied the lieutenant, with his habitual sangfroid,\\nhas been removed by an act of Providence.\\nProfanity involving the name of the Deity is as obnoxious to Dewey\\nas drunkenness. A certain amount of vigorously exclamatory language\\nseems to be necessary to get any body of men through a voyage or a\\nbattle, and the Admiral is not exempt from the practice, but he never\\nallows it to go beyond a certain point, nor will he tolerate blasphemy\\nfrom any one with whom he is associated.\\nMany years ago, when the task was very difficult, he stood by his\\nconvictions in rather a remarkable manner. He happened to be serving\\nas watch officer under an Admiral, who was as famous for his rough\\nlanguage as for his bulldog courage.\\nHe was what is called a jacky officer, which signifies that his man-\\nners were fitted rather for the forecastle than the quarter-deck. One\\nday something roused his wrath and, as his custom was, he swore at\\neverything and evei-ybody in sight. Dewey happened to be in range,\\nand after standing the tirade for a few moments, he walked up to the\\nfurious commander of the fleet, and saluting, said:\\nAdmiral, I will not allow you nor any man living to address me in\\nthe language you are using.\\nThe captain of the flagship and almost all of his officers were near\\nenough to hear the conversation, and a breathless silence followed the\\nwords of the bold young officer. The old Admiral turned red and then\\npurple. lie was perfectly quiet for several minutes. In the meantime,\\nDewey had left the group to attend to his duty.\\nTell Mr. Dewey I wish to speak to him, said the Admiral to an\\nensign.\\nDewey s going to catch it now, whispered the officers.\\nLieutenant Dewey came in a moment.\\nYou sent for me, sir? he asked, saluting.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 177\\nYes, I did, sir, answered the Admiral. I wanted to say to 3 ou\\nthat I was not addressing you in my remarlcs a few minutes ago. That\\nis all, sir.\\nThe Admiral resumed his promenade and the incident was closed.\\nBut it was noticed during the rest of their service together that the\\nAdmiral treated his lieutenant with unusual courtesy and consideration.\\nThe men under Dewey were fond of him, and no one had more loyal\\ncrews. Charles E. Uand, who served with Dewey during the Civil war,\\ngives an example of the bravery and self-control under trying circum-\\nstances that made his sailors trust him implicitly.\\nI remember, he says, when I was with Admiral Dewey on the\\nflagship Colorado; he was then lieutenant-commander and executive\\nofficer. Once during a terrific gale, we were off the Bay of Biscay, often-\\ntimes a nasty place, too, and the command was given to save the ship.\\nThe Old Colorado could not move faster than eight knots an hour, and\\nwe were on a lee shore. I tell you, it looked bad for us.\\nAt the height of the storm the Admiral took the bridge, relieving\\nDewey, and the order was given to set sails to help us out to sea. We\\nfellows had to hustle into the riggings, and just to encourage us Dewej\\nhimself mounted the ladder, and in less time than I can tell it was on\\nthe yard unfurling sail. It was an exciting scene and a dangerous sit-\\nuation, but in a short time we were clear of the coast, and safe from\\nwreck on one of the rockiest shores I know of.\\nDEWEY ON SnOKE.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HIS FIRST MARRIAGE.\\nEarly in 1867, Lieutenant-Commander Dewey was ordered home from\\nthe European station and assigned to duty at the Kittery Navy Yard at\\nPortsmouth, New Hampshire. There he had the entree to the homes of\\nall the most exclusive families of the place, and enjoyed society as\\nonly a handsome, popular young officer of thirty could enjoy it. During\\nthis time he met Miss Susie Goodwin, who afterwards became his wife.\\nHe did not win her, however, without opposition. For there was an-\\nother gallant naval officer also paying court to her, Commander S. C.\\nRhind. He was nearly twenty years older than Dewey and he had a\\nrare record of brave deeds to his credit.\\nBut fortune was with the younger man and Commander Rhind\\nstruck his colors before Dewey and sailed away.\\nGovernor Goodwin, the father of Miss Susie, had a great admiration\\nfor his new son. He was himself a popular hero of the time and to this", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "178 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nday is known as Fighting Governor Goodwin. He found a responsive\\nchord in the young lieutenant and made a prediction of him which the\\nfuture was to verify.\\nGeorge is sort of reckless sometimes, the Governor remarked, but\\nhang me if I can help liking him. He s honest and full of grit, and he ll\\nbe heard from one of these days.\\nDewey was married in 18G7, and soon after was detailed for service at\\nthe Annapolis Naval Academy as an instructor. Two years afterwards,\\nhe was placed in command of the Narragansett, and in 1872, was pro-\\nmoted to the rank of commander.\\nIt seemed as if great happiness were opening up to him with these\\nnew honors. Everything was prosperous in his material affairs, and\\nhis home life was ideal. On the twenty-third of December, a little son\\nwas born. But just a week later, the great sorrow of Dewey s life came\\nto him in the death of his young wife. The son, George Goodwin Dewey,\\ngrew to vigorous manhood, was graduated from Princeton College, in\\n1898, and since that time has been in business in New York City.\\nSoon after the death of his wife, Dewey sailed as commander of the\\nNarragansett for the Pacific coast, where he was engaged in making\\nsurveys. In 1870 he was called to Washington to act as a lighthouse\\ninspector for two years, and as the secretary of the lighthouse board for\\nfour years afterwards.\\nDewey s first experience in Asiatic waters came in 1882, when he\\nwas assigned to the Juniata. He spent two years there, and subsequent\\nevents have proved that he put in his time to the very best advantage\\nin making a close stiidy of the people and in learning all there was to\\nknow about the different ports.\\nIt was during his command of the Juniata that Dewey became so ill\\nas to be compelled to stop at Malta and submit to a very delicate sur-\\ngical operation by which part of his liver was removed. His life hung\\non a thread, but it was saved by the incessant care and watchfulness of\\nhis physicians and nurses. He has often been known since as the man\\nwithout a liver.\\nWhen he went back on his ship again, one of his men exclaimed in\\na burst of admiration:\\nWas there ever a more courageous, able seaman?\\nAnd another answered:\\nThere s one thing sure about what liver Dewey has, it s not white.\\nIn 1884 Dewey was made captain, and was put in charge of the Dol-\\nphin, one of the four new vessels which formed the original White", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 179\\nSquadron. Soon afterwards, he paid a visit to his old home in Mont-\\npelier. The citizens of the town gave him a cordial welcome, but the\\nchildren stood in awe of him and were a little afraid of his keen eye and\\nbushy eyebrows and his big moustache.\\nThat did not please Dewey, says one writer, for he loves children.\\nSo he took the trouble to win the children of Montpelier to him. He\\ngathered the boys and girls in the afternoon from the capitol grounds\\nacross the way, into the grounds around his home; he took them driving,\\nhe told them stories about sailor men, until the little girls were almost\\nfrightened and all the boys were determined to be captains in the United\\nstates navy. He had one fine story about the voyage of Noah s Ark that\\nMontpelier boys who are now men remember.\\nDewey did not rest until the victory was complete and he had won\\nthe hearts of every child in Montpelier.\\nIn 1SS5, he was given command of the Peusacola, the flagship of the\\nEuropean squadron. He remained in that station for three years, gain-\\ning the familiarity with European naval conditions, oi33cers and fleets\\nwhich only a shrewd, open-eyed, alert man could get.\\nOne story told of him during his command of that vessel is worth\\nrepeating to show his intolerance of unjust interference. Some of his\\nsailors went on shore while the boat was stopping at Malta and were\\nmixed up some way in a street fight. Though the alarm was given, they\\nmanaged to escape to the ship.\\nThe next morning, says Mr. Clemens, who tells the story, the\\ncaptain of the port came out to the Pensacola to complain to Captain\\nDewey of the action of the sailors.\\nWhat can I do? asked Dewey.\\nWhy, your men raised a riot on shore, and you can assist me in\\narresting and punishing them, was the reply.\\nThe American captain was very courteous in the expression of re-\\ngret that sailors of the Pensacola should be lawless while on shore\\nleave, but could see no way in which he might assist his visitor in search-\\ning out the guilty ones.\\nThe reply of the naval officer angered the redcoat, who said, some-\\nwhat peremptorily: You certainly can parade your crew before me in\\norder that the rioters may be identified.\\nLooking aloft and pointing to the Stars and Stripes waving at the\\nmasthead, Dewey made the reply: The deck of this vessel is United\\nStates territory, and I ll parade my men for no foreigner that ever drew\\nbreath.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "180 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nNo one knows better than the Admiral how to handle sarcasm when\\nit is necessary, but it is usually sarcasm with a twinkle in it, and the men\\nwho were on the Pensacola with bim will never forget the effective-\\nness of one of his rebukes. The ship was in the Mediterranean at the\\ntime of this incident, and a rapid fall in the barometer, and a shift of\\nwind gave warning of a change in the weather. Very soon a white\\nsquall came up, and every man had his hands full. The executive\\nofficer was in the waist, the officer of the deck on the quai +er-deck, and\\nthe midshipman in the forecastle bellowing and repeating orders, and\\nthe sailors were jumping through the tops like squirrels. Just then\\nsomething fouled the clews of the maintopsail, at the very moment the\\nsquall struck, and bungling for a moment or two nearly cost the vessel\\na spar. Dewey, from the bridge, was looking on, and everybody was in\\ntremulous anticipation of a severe rebuke. But he only turned to the\\nofficer of the deck and said mildly:\\nWill you kindly tell me what was the matter just now with the\\nagricultural population on the maintopsail yard?\\nThe men wilted when the remark came to their ears, and it is said\\nthat they did not recover from it for days.\\nAnother bon mot of Dewey s which has become famous through the\\nlength and breadth of the country was his reply to one of the bureau\\nchiefs. The canny Admiral while at Manila accumulated a great pile of\\ncoal at Cavite. He received a cablegram from this bureau chief one day\\nsaying:\\nWhat have you bought such an enormous quantity of coal for?\\nAnd Dewey cabled back\\nTo burn.\\nAPPOINTMEKTS IN WASHINGTON.\\nIn 1888, Dewey gave up seafaring life for awhile to become chief of\\nthe bureau of equipment and recruiting. This appointment followed in\\nthe natural order of things, for early in his career, his unusual admin-\\nistrative ability, and his clear understanding of naval matters in detail\\nand in their general bearing impressed the minds of those with whom he\\ncame in contact.\\nAlthough this position carried with it the rank of commodore, Cap-\\ntain Dewey was not formally appointed commodore until February 28,\\n1896. In this important position, he won new honors for himself.\\nWhatever he undertook, he did thoroughly, promptly and effectively.\\nHis uniform kindliness and courtesy also to those with whom he came", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 181\\nin contact, made him as much appreciated for his own personality as for\\nthe excellent quality of work he did. Socially, also, he was always an\\naddition to the charmiug circles that claimed him as a friend. His\\nkeen sense of humor and his witty stories made him a companion much\\nto be desired.\\nOne of the tales he used to tell, which through his love of animals\\nappealed to him particularly, was of a certain captain and his pet par-\\nrot. Dewey was a young lieutenant on the captain s ship at the time,\\nand when it put in at Rio de Janeiro the commander became so greatly\\nworried about the health of his remarkable bird that he asked the ship s\\ndoctor to prescribe. He said that all the bird needed was a chance to\\nclimb into the green trees on shore, chew bark, and disport itself. So\\nthe captain summoned his steward and bade him take the parrot ashore\\nand give it some exercise. The captain s steward was an important per-\\nson then. This one was a conceited old darky, who aped absurdly the\\nauthoritative ways of his master, and the men were always on the look-\\nout for a chance to play him some trick. When he stepped to the port\\ngangway to get into the liberty boat, with the cage containing the bird\\nenclosed in an old ammunition bag, they saw their opportunity. There\\nwas a sea running in the harbor, which made it difficult for the boat to\\nkeep alongside, and, just as the steward put out a foot toward the gun-\\nwale, they purposely eased her oft, so that he tumbled into the sea. He\\nwas pulled out in a minute, but the ijarrot and the cage went to the\\nbottom.\\nThe steward was distressed. He dreaded punishment by the cap-\\ntain, who had said that he would hold him responsible for the safety of\\nthe bird. Having shore-leave for three days, he spent his time wander-\\ning about the city and figuring to himself how he would put in the\\nbalance of the voyage in the ship s brig, on bread and water, double-\\nironed, and exposed to the derision of the crew. At length he was struck\\nwith a brilliant idea. Rio was full of parrots, and one parrot is much\\nlike another, especially green ones. He bought, for the equivalent of\\nseventy-five cents, a green bird with a yellow head which looked to him\\nlike the twin brother of the one drowned. He was also luckv enough to\\nfind a cage like the lost one, and in it he took his precious purchase back\\nto the frigate.\\nNow, as Dewey tells the story, the captain was delighted to see his\\npet once more, and especially to see how much its plumage was improved\\nand how much more sprightly it had become. But his astonishment may\\nbe imagined when, being asked whether it would like a cracker, the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "182 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nbird responded with a string of Portuguese oaths. Being fed, it ex-\\npressed its satisfaction with a lot of swear words in Spanish, and this so\\namazed the commander that he felt obliged to share his feelings with\\nsomebody. Dewey, who bad been walking the quarter-deck, was sum-\\nmoned to the cabin, and the parrot was persuaded to swear some more\\nfor his benefit.\\nMr. Dewey, said the captain excitedly, that is a most remarkable\\nbird. He has been ashore only three days, and in that time, upon my\\nsacred honor, he has picked up a thorough working knowledge of the\\nSpanish and Portuguese languages.\\nAnother story of a later date, told by Dewey in Manila, was consid-\\nered worthy of good attention by the man who listened. Admiral von\\nDiedrichs and the British captain of the cruiser Immortalite, one day\\nhad a conversation in which the former asked what attitude the latter\\nwould assume in case of trouble between the Americans and Germans,\\nwhereupon Chichester replied that Dewey was the best bureau of in-\\nformation on that subject. Very soon afterwards, Dewey was dining\\nwith Chichester and they began matching stories. The host spoke with\\nmuch admiration of the confidence of victory exhibited by the Yankee\\nsailors. The Admii al, with the humorous light in his eyes that his\\nfriends linow so well, replied that it was possible to have too much\\nconfidence in his ability to win a fight. The Englishman was doubtful,\\nso Dewey to point his remark told the following anecdote:\\nAn old friend of my grandfather s, up in Vermont, lent some help to\\nhis country s cause in the war of 1S12 by fitting out a fine privateer. He\\ntook command of her himself, having had some experience in sailoring,\\nand called her the New Jeru.salem. She was a smart little barkentiue,\\nand mounted six 12-pounders and a 16-pound pivot gun forward. In\\nthe course of the first voyage she took two or three prizes of no great\\nvalue, and two months or so elapsed before she got a whack at some-\\nthing really worth capturing.\\nIt was in a foggy morning, in the region of the tropics, the wind hav-\\ning died down to a mere catspaw, that she sighted the royals and gallant\\nstuns ls of a huge merchantman carrying the British flag. It was a .spec-\\ntacle to make any piratical person s mouth water. The privateer, being\\nto windward, crept up to the prey, herself unobserved in the mist, and\\npresently hove to within half a cable s lent th of her.\\nHeave to, or I ll sink you, yelled my grandfather s friend, thinking\\ngloatingly of the silks and laces, with who knows what other spoil, he\\nwas going to take back to Vermont.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 183\\nThere was no reply, and just then a puff of wind blew away some of\\nthe fog, revealing, instead of a merchantman, a full-fledged line-of-battle\\nship with rows of frowning ports.\\nI was about to say, shouted the commander of the privateer, that\\nwhile inviting you to surrender, in case you don t want to do so, I will.\\nAnd he did, said Dewey. Which will serve to illustrate my mean-\\ning when I say that too much confidence in warfare is not always a good\\nthing. Your very good health, Chichester.\\nAfter four years service as chief of the Bureau of Equipment, Dewey\\nagain became a member of the Lighthouse Board. In 1896, about the\\ntime that he received his commission as commodore, he was made\\npresident of the Board of Inspection. This position he retained until he\\nwas placed in command of the Asiatic station in January, 1898.\\nSince Dewey became famous, many interesting sidelights have been\\nthrown upon him, and his Washington experience particularly has fur-\\nnished much material to those who find every detail about their hero\\nworth hearing. He was one of the men who has proved that fastidious-\\nness in dress, bravery and hard work, combined in a single person are\\nnot at all impossible. For during his Washington experience, he had\\nthe rei^utation of being the best dressed man in the service.\\nHe carried out the demands of his nature and training, for trimness\\nand accuracy, says one writer, to the very verge of the Beau Brum-\\nmelistic in dress. If a drumhead court-martial had been a Washington\\npenalty for being caught in afternoon costume after 6 P. M., he could\\nnot have been more punctual in donning evening costume. It was said\\nof him that the creases of his trousers were ever as well defined as his\\nviews on naval warfare.\\nBut his punctilious observance of the etiquette of dress made him\\nnone the less brave or efficient as sailor and officer, and when the time\\narrived to place someone in charge of the Asiatic squadron, it was\\nDewey who came to the fore.\\nTheodore Roosevelt as Assistant Secretary, had put his indomitable\\nenergy and thoroughness into the affairs of the naval department. He\\nhad much to do with the appointment of men to important stations, and\\nwhen the naval council was looking about for a man to take command\\nof the Asiatic squadron, Roosevelt named George Dewey.\\nDewey! exclaimed one of the board who knew the sailor well.\\nDewey is a dude.\\nWhat of it? asked Roosevelt.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "184 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nWhy, you are the last man I should expect to want to advance a\\ndude.\\nRoosevelt s reply is one that will go down among the traditions of\\nthe war:\\nI didn t want to advance him, said Roosevelt. I ll leave that to\\nyou afterward. All I want is a man over there. Some fellow who will\\nfight and mate war. I don t care what kind of a collar he wears; that\\nis, so long as it is some kind of a linen collar.\\nBut Dewey did not want the appointment. He wanted the command\\nof the European station where Selfridge was due to be detached early\\nin the new year. Commodore Howell wished it also and to him it was\\ngiven. By such a small chance, the opportunity of Dewey s lifetime was\\nforced upon him, and he arranged his affairs to go to Hong Kong, where\\nhis duty lay, disappointed probably in the thought that the Spanish\\nwar, if it came, would be fought aud won while he was tucked away\\nin the conrer of another world. But he made no protest.\\nDuring his life in Washington he had won for himself many friends\\nboth in the department and in the social world of the Capital. As a\\ntoken of the esteem in which he was held, a farewell dinner was given\\nto him at the Metropolitan Club in Arlington. Colonel Archibald Hop-\\nkins read the following verses, which had a ring of prophecy in them,\\nwhich those who heard did not appreciate until afterwards:\\nFill all your glasses full to-night;\\nThe wind is off the shore;\\nAnd be it feast or be it fight.\\nWe pledge the Commodore.\\nThrough days of storm, through days of calm.\\nOn broad Pacific seas;\\nAt anchor off the isles of Palm,\\nOr with the Japanese;\\nAshore, afloat, on deck, below,\\nOr where our bulldogs roar;\\nTo back a friend or breast a foe\\nWe pledge the Commodore.\\nWe know our honor ll be unstained\\nWhere er his pennant flies;\\nOur rights respe(;ted and maintained,\\nWhatever power defies.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "z\\nS\\nh\\nh\\nId", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 185\\nAnd when he takes the homeward tack\\nBeneath an admiral s flag,\\nWe ll hail the day and bring him back,\\nAnd have another jag.\\nSix months later. Colonel Hopkins added this postcript:\\nAlong the far Philippine coast,\\nWhere flew the flag of Spain,\\nOur Commodore to-day can boast\\nTwill never fly again.\\nAnd up from all our hills and vales.\\nFrom city, town and shore,\\nA mighty shout the welkin hails:\\nWell done, brave Commodore!\\nNow, let your admiral s pennant fly;\\nYou ve won it like a man\\nWhere heroes love to fight and die\\nRight in the battle s van.\\nBATTLE OF MANILA BAY.\\nI am going to fight the first battle of the war and I will fight it\\nbefore breakfast. These were the words of Admiral Dewey to a friend\\nwho expressed regret that he was to leave the seat of the war. His\\nwords found their fulfillment on May 1st in Manila harbor.\\nWhen war broke out Admiral Dewey was at Hong Kong, command-\\ning the Asiatic squadron. On April 24th he received the following dis-\\npatch from the Navy Department at Washington:\\nWar has been commenced between the Ignited States and Spain.\\nProceed at once to the Philippine Islands. Commence operations at\\nonce, particularly against Spanish fleet. You must capture vessels or\\ndestroy. Use utmost endeavors.\\nGreat Britain had. issued a proclamation of neutrality as soon as\\nSpain and the United States had declared war, and, as Hong Kong was\\na British port, the governor of the colony asked Dewey to leave the har-\\nbor. This he did, going to Mirs Bay, a Chinese port, thirty miles away.\\nHere preparations were completed, and on April 27th the fleet sailed\\nfor Manila. The squadron was made up of Admiral Dewey s flagship,\\nOlympia, Captain C. V. Gridley commanding; the Baltimore, under\\nCaptain N. M. Dyer; the Raleigh, under Captain J. B. Coghlan; the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "186 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nBoston, under Captain Frank Wildes; the Concord, under Commander\\nAsa Walker; the Petrel, under Commander E. P. Wood, and the dis-\\npatch boat Hugh McCullough.\\nOn April 30th, when the shores of Luzon were sighted, the ships were\\ncleared for action. An hour before midnight the fleet came to Manila\\nBay, and, headed by the Olympia, with the Baltimore, Kaleigh, Petrel,\\nConcord and Boston, following in order, steamed through a channel\\nthat was commanded by batteries on Corregidor Island, and possibly\\nlaid with mines.\\nCommodore Dewey had surprised the Spanish. Not until his flagship\\nwas a mile beyond the fortress guarding the channel was the entrance\\nof the fleet discovered. Then the guns of El Fraile opened fire, but\\nthe Raleigh, Concord and Boston pounded it into silence. It was at\\nthis time that Engineer Randall of the McCullough was stricken by heat,\\nor apoplexy, and died the only loss of life during the attack.\\nDaylight found Admiral Dewey facing Rear-Admiral Montojo s fleet,\\nwhich lay under the protection of the guns of the fortress at Cavite.\\nThe fleet consisted of his flagship Reina Cristina, the Castilla, the Don\\nJuan de Austria, the Don Antonio de Ulloa, the Isla de Cuba, the Isla\\nde Luzon and three light gunboats. This squadron was much inferior\\nto Admiral Dewey s, but it had the advantage of position, and the aid\\nof shore batteries.\\nAs the American vessels steamed slowly past Manila city the forts\\nopened fire but failed to stop the progress of the stately procession.\\nThe heat was intense.\\nMen stood at their posts, stripped to the waist, depressing the guns\\nto the range-finder s call, 4,000 yards,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 .3,500,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 3,000, not firing though\\nthe guns of the Cavite forts and Montojo s ships began to get the range\\nand plowed the water with their shells about the American vessels. All\\nwas silent on Admiral Dewey s fleet; the commanders waited for the\\nsignal from the flagship. At nineteen minutes to six Admiral Dewey\\nis reported to have turned quietly to the commander of the Olympia and\\nsaid:\\nYou may fire when ready, Gridley.\\nFor two hours the line of American vessels passed back and forth\\nbefore the Spanish squadron. The American marksmanship was as splen-\\ndid as that of the Spanish was execrable. With seventy guns firing at\\nobjects within easy range for two hours they did practically no damage.\\nOne shell exploded on the Baltimore, slightly wounding eight men. On\\nthe other hand, the fire from the American guns was simply withering.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 187\\nDespite the awful bombardment, the Spaniards made a gallant fight.\\nThe Cristina s guns were fired until only two gunners remained un-\\nhurt. Then, with more than half her crew dead or wounded, the ship\\nblazing in several places and hopelessly disabled, Montojo moved his\\nflag to the Isla de Cuba and continued to direct the battle from this\\nlittle boat, while his men jumped overboard and saved themselves in\\nwhatever way they could.\\nAfter passing five times by the Spanish line and practically silencing\\nand wrecking it. Admiral Dewey, at twenty minutes to eight, ordered his\\nships to cease firing and withdraw. His men had been under a constant\\nstrain for twenty-four hours and had had no breakfast, except a cup of\\ncoffee. At a quarter past eleven the order again went up for close\\naction. In a short time the work was completed. The Manila and some\\nsmaller boats were captured, the rest of Montojo s fleet sunk or de-\\nstroyed and with 3S1 killed and wounded, and the Cavite batteries\\nsilenced.\\nThus Spain, by one of the most complete defeats in naval warfare,\\nhad lost a fleet and an Asiatic archipelago, and the United States had\\npractically acquired the responsibility for the government of a foreign\\ncountry, the enlightenment of a half civilized peojile and the main-\\ntenance of a wider place in the congress of nations.\\nTHE HOME-COMING OF DEWEY!\\nWhen the Olympia sailed into New York harbor two days before\\ntime the people of the city were taken as completely by surprise as\\nthe Spaniards in Manila Bay. The news spread like wild fire and\\nbefore Dewey s ship had been an hour in sight a whole army of paper\\nboys, with their huge piles of extras, had earned the word to the far-\\nthest parts of Harlem. What could be found of the Reception Com-\\nmittee hastily gathered itself together to decide on a course of action.\\nThe workmen on the Dewey Arch looked at each other in dismay,\\nand dilatory decorators brought out their flags and bunting with the\\npromptitude of firemen when the clarion rings. The little boys who\\nsold Dewey buttons, found their stock going like hot cakes and almost\\nturned somersaults in their excitement. Never before had the staid\\nold city found itself in such a state of activity and pleasant confu-\\nsion. The welcome was intended to be a kind of mammoth surprise\\nparty for the great hero, but the guest had turned the tables.\\nHowever, the Admiral felt that he was acting under the unwrit-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "188 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nten orders of the public, and when the reception committee steamed\\nout to tell him something of the preparations for his reception, he\\npromptly decided that officially he had not arrived and that he would\\nnot for any consideration throw the plans of a million people into\\nconfusion by a premature appearance within the confines of the city.\\nBut the Olympia became for the time being the center of the uni-\\nverse. With hundreds of boats flying about her, circling nearer and\\nnearer from all directions the warship seemed like a huge magnet\\nthat drew irresistibly toward herself everything that could ride the\\nwater. From the earliest moment that visitors were allowed in the\\nmorning, until the warning bell sounded at night, her decks were\\nthronged with humanity of every sort and condition.\\nThe most distinguished men of the country went out to greet Dewey\\nduring the days of his voluntary exile, (Jeneral Miles and members\\nof the Washington committee, General Jlerritt and a host of others.\\nAgain and again the guns boomed forth a welcome. The other war-\\nships followed the lead; people shouted and cheered incessantly and\\nthere was a kind of joyful pandemonium all the time.\\nGovernor Roosevelt visited Dewey to welcome him in the name of\\nthe State of New York, and also to renew his warm personal rela-\\ntions with him. His reception was a dramatic one. The visitors\\ncheered, and as he and the Admiral pushed through the crowd toward\\nthe men of the Olympia, who had been gotten up to see the Governor,\\nthey gave vent to a tremendous ringing cheer, and some one cried\\nSpeech, speech. The Governor took off his hat with the words:\\nThere is just one thing I will say. As we were coming down the\\nbay, at sight of the Olympia Capt. Coghlan said to me, There is the\\nOlympia over there. Aren t you proud of her? I want to say that\\nI am not only proud of her, but I am proud of every man on her,\\nfrom the Admiral down, and nothing could give me so much pleas-\\nure as to welcome home so brave a body of men. Since the Admiral\\nand I met lust he has grown up alongside of Nelson and Farragut.\\nThen the crew gave another cheer, which in volume and heartiness\\neven exceeded the first.\\nThe Admiral took the Governor and his party below to his roona,\\nand then said, speaking to the five Captains of the warships that\\nfought at Manila, who were with Governor Roosevelt: The last time\\nwe all met was on the thirteenth of April, 1898, the night before the\\nscrimmage, wasn t it? And now I want to propose the health of the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 189\\nman who had more to do toward making me an Admiral than any\\nother man in the United States, Governor Roosevelt!\\nNo other visitor had such honoi s at the hands of the Admiral as\\nthe Governor. He was the only one for whom all hands on the flag\\nship were mustered, that he might see the whole ship s company. At\\nhis departure, too, seventeen guns were fired, as many as the Admiral\\nhimself is entitled to receive.\\nBy his consideration of the humblest as well as the highest of his\\nguests Dewey endeared himself to all who came in contact with him\\nand made the whole nation feel as if it were saying Welcome, to\\na personal friend.\\nOne of the most touching things that happened during Dewey s\\nstay in New York harbor was the presentation of Admiral Farragut s\\nflag to him by Commander George W. Baird, into whose possession\\nthe flag had come. Commander Baird was an old shipmate of Dewey s.\\nThe Admiral was taken by surprise and when he learned that the\\nflag was to be given to him, he was too much overcome to say a word.\\nAs the Commander handed him the flag he said:\\nAdmiral, I wish to present to you the first Admiral s flag ever\\nfloated out in the Navy of this country. That grand old Admiral,\\nwhose name and memory we all so revere, first hoisted this ensign\\nupon the good ship Hartford before New Orleans and afterward upon\\nthe Franklin, and since it came down from that masthead it has\\nnever been whipped by the wind nor worn by the elements. And you,\\nthe worthy successor of that great Admiral, whose tactics you so suc-\\ncessfully followed a short while ago, I deem the proper person for Far-\\nragut s mantle to fall upon.\\nAdmiral Dewey did not speak for a moment. Then he said, his\\nvoice trembling:\\nThis is the last flag I ll fly. It was the first Admiral s flag, and\\nI feel the honor that it brings to me.\\nThe tears were still in his eyes as he turned to the committee with\\nCommander Baird and said:\\nYou do me too great an honor by bringing me this beautiful flag.\\nUnder this flag, the next day, the hero of Manila received one of\\nthe greatest ovations ever given by the people of the United States\\nto a single man. By ten o clock the harbor was filled from shore to\\nshore with boats crowded to their utmost capacity. A whole cityful\\nseemed to be afloat, and yet on land were a million people watching\\nthe magnificent display. At one o clock the stately Olympia led the\\n13", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "190 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nway up the river, the snowy warships following. Behind were a thou-\\nsand craft in line.\\nThe North River, says one spectator who watched the scene from\\nthe flagship, was the stage of a theater ten miles long. The huge\\nbuildings in the lower part of the city and in Jersey City, the higher\\ngrounds further up and finally the Palisades themselves became the\\nsides of this theater, and from the stage every seat seemed to be taken.\\nTo say that a million people lined the shores is in all probability an\\nunderestimate. They were not to be counted, but everywhere, from\\nthe Battery to One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street on the New York\\nside, it looked as if every foot of si)ace in view of the river had a human\\noccupant from the other side, from Staten Island itself to Fort Lee\\nand beyond was almost the same. Up the center of this stage Admiral\\nDewey and the Olympia sailed, the air rent with the squalls and the\\nroars of a thousand whistles. It was noise, noise, noise everywhere,\\nuntil one was driven almost mad. The shrieking of the multitude of\\nwhistles was punctuated by the booming of cannon, the thunder of\\nexploding bombs and the cheers of the multitude afloat.\\nAs the Olympia reached the stake-boat the scene was one never-\\nto-be-forgotten. Beyond the kaleidoscopic, shifting mass of boats the\\nriver lay serene and blue. To the right the high columns of Grant s\\ntomb caught the sunlight, and as the Olympia rounded it she saluted\\nfor another great fighter, lying silent at the top of the height. From\\nthe river bed the hill looked like a mountain spotted here and there\\nwith color, as if it had suddenly blossomed with strange flowers. Indi-\\nviduals looked no larger than bees, and they covered the hill tier after\\ntier until it seemed an unbroken mass of humanity. At the salute\\nthe whole hillside seemed to become alive. There was a rush of move-\\nment over it. Flags waved and the multitude sent forth a mighty\\ncheer, which rose for a moment above the din of the guns.\\nEach warship in turn saluted General Grant as it began its return\\njourney. Then one after another they steamed slowly past the Olym-\\npia, which had anchored below, and the other boats in the endless proces-\\nsion followed. For two hours and a half the Admiral reviewed them,\\nuntil the last of the varied collection of water craft had gone on its\\nway. There was everything in the procession, from the most grace-\\nful modern yacht to the old hulk that could scarcely hold water.\\nBut it was an American day. The principle of equality was ever\\nuppermost, and the day laborer was just as free to look upon the face\\nof his hero as the millionaire.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 191\\nThe sun had gone down before the Admiral left the bridge, and\\nthe most momentous day of his life ended with a salute to the flag,\\nwhich, through him, had sot its authority over the uttermost parts of\\nthe sea. Every man on shipboard stood at attention facing the en-\\nsign and the band played the Star Spangled Banner. Not a soul stiiTod\\nuntil the last note was struck. Then the ensign came down and every\\none, raising his right hand to his forehead, saluted with a bow. And\\nthe man who at that moment commanded more attention than any\\nother man in the world, stood there, and as simply as the rest owned\\nhis allegiance to his country s flag.\\nThe naval parade on Friday was wonderful enough to set It apart\\nfrom all other welcomes, but the reception given to the Admiral on\\nland the next day eclipsed even that. The people had seen him from\\nafar on the bridge of his ship, like a figure on a pedestal, the very\\nideal of a hero, and their enthusiasm then rose to a high pitch. But\\nwhen he came down among them, a man Avith his countrymen, the\\ndemonstration was something so extraordinary and unique that the\\ncity has never known its equal before.\\nThe first ceremony of the day was the presentation of the gold lov-\\ning cup by the Mayor in behalf of the city. It was at the hour when\\nmost people are leisurely sipping their last cup of coffee, and looking\\nover the morning paper. But it was not too early for the admirers\\nof Dewey. When he drove up to the stand erected for the occasion\\nhe looked down upon a mass of seething, jostling, cheering humanity\\nthat strained and stretched for a sight of him. The illimitable vista\\nof people almost took one s breath away, as does the immensity of the\\nocean. But it was a miniature, as it were, of the experience that re-\\npeated itself for Dewey through every hour of that memorable day.\\nFrom the City Hall the Admiral was escorted up the river to Grant s\\ntomb, and near it the great procession fell into place. Everywhere\\nalong the line of march were people, people, people, bounded by walls,\\nwhose windows opened for yet more people, and whose roofs wei e\\nfringed with faces; wherever there was space were flags and bunting,\\nwhich rose like a background behind the mighty crowds. From One\\nHundred and Twenty-fifth street to the reviewing stand at Twenty-third\\nstreet, there was an unbroken series of decorations, until it seemed\\nas if New York had borrowed all the national colors in the United\\nStates to honor the Admiral.\\nThe spectacle made one feel as if history had turned back nine-\\nteen centuries to the time of Emperors and Boman triumphs. But", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "192 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthere were no gaudy chariots, no captives at the wheels, only a mod-\\nest man, bowing and smiling and saluting in the foremost carriage,\\nover whom the crowds went almost delirious with enthusiasm.\\nAlong the seven miles of the course were packed three million\\npeople, shoulder to shoulder, and in the middle, as if some mighty\\nhand had parted the crowd as the Israelites did the Red Sea, was a\\nclear space where the procession passed through. The cheers that\\ngreeted it were beyond description. They were like a mighty burst\\nof composite thunders that rose and ebbed, and rose again in a joy-\\nful crash, which echoed and reverberated as Dewey rode through the\\nhuman lane until he took his seat on the reviewing stand on Twenty-\\nthird street, behind the twenty thousand roses, constructing it into a\\nvictor s throne, under the wonderful white triumphal arch, which\\nthrew its shadow protectingly over the Admiral.\\nFor hours he stood there watching and saluting, as soldiers and\\ngenerals and governors and statesmen did him homage, and then passed\\non through the Admiral s gateway.\\nNearly every State in the Union had sent her troops, some with\\nflags rent into ribbons in Cuba or Manila.\\nThe grand old veterans of the Civil War were there, too. All the\\nflower of the American soldiery marched by the Admiral that day,\\nand shared in his ovation under sunny blue skies, while bands played\\nstirring music and the crowds cheered and cheered, and the sound of\\nthe tramp, tramp, tramp sang itself into the American brain with a\\nnew rhythm. For the man in his Admiral s uniform reviewing the\\ntroops had had a hand in the destiny of nations. By force of arms\\nhe had blazed out new territory for the United States, and in that\\nsteady march of feet was the old fone and power of the army with\\nall the new possibilities that victory brings. It was this unconscious\\nrecognition of the mighty strength of the nation that made every loyal\\nAmerican s heart beat a little faster, when flag after flag was carried\\nby and the Admiral swept off his hat and bowed before it.\\nWhen the last of the thirty-five thousand men in the procession\\nhad gone bej-ond the arch, the city breathed a sigh of satisfaction.\\nDewey Day was over and the welcome to the hero had even surpassed\\nthe most extravagant dreams.\\nFor weeks the thought of it had been foremost with innumerable\\npeople. Busy men had lent their time, statesmen their services, and\\nartists their genius. But the climax and the fulfilment had repaid\\nthem for every care. Before the multitude dispersed at Twenty-third", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 193\\nstreet it was dusk, and a flashlight played upon the arch brought out\\nits decorations with a kind of unearthly beauty. It seemed again as\\nif the ghosts of conquerors in the world s history must be making\\nan invisible obeisance to the Admiral, who, in the annals of time will\\nfind his name beside theirs.\\nEven the most unimaginative, however, could but feel that the day\\nwas the culmination of great events, of which they had just witnessed\\nthe climax. Dewey s achievement stands single and alone, without a\\ncounterpart.\\nBut the reception given him by the people of New York was perhaps\\nas significant in its way, not only because of the splendid pageant\\nwhich greeted him. The Dewey Arch, too, was a remarkable con-\\nception, a signal honor, not paid to an American before. Cut in mar-\\nble, near Grant s tomb, it will stand as a perpetual reminder of the vic-\\ntory and the victor, linking in the minds of those who see the old\\nwar and the new war together.\\nBut, after all, the Dewey Arch was not the greatest factor in that\\nday. It was the fact that on American soil three million people, for-\\ngetting race and nationality, birth and circumstance, joined as if with\\none voice in a mighty cheer of welcome for an American hero. In union\\nthere is strength and in such union of many elements in one harmon-\\nious whole is the foundation on which will rest the glory and pros-\\nperity of the United States, wherever the Stars and Stripes shall lead\\nher.\\nOn the third day of October, 1898, the magnificent sword awarded\\nby the act of Congress was presented to Admiral Dewey in Washington\\nin the presence of the President, the members of his cabinet and the\\njudiciary, the highest officers of the army and navy, and a vast crowd\\nof the plain people. From a beautifully flag decorated stand in front of\\nthe shining Capitol the ceremonies took place, and were opened with\\nprayer by the Kev. Frank Bristol, D. D. The day was as perfect as a day\\nin June. Amid the brilliant presence on the platform and before the\\nimmense assemblage the Admiral stood at the close of Secretary Long s\\neloquent address, with bowed head, to receive the sword at President\\nMcKiuley s hands. The President said:\\nAdmiral Dewey: From your entrance in the harbor of New York,\\nwith your gallant crew and valiant ship, the demonstrations which\\neverywhere have greeted you reveal the public esteem of your heroic\\naction, and the fulness of love in which you are held by your country.\\nThe voice of the nation is lifted in praise and gratitude for the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "194 ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY.\\ndistinguished and memorable services you have rendered the country,\\nand all the people give you affectionate welcome home, in which I join\\nwith all my heart,\\nYour victory exalted American valor and extended American au-\\nthority. There was no fla.w in your victory; there will be no faltering in\\nmaintaining it.\\nIt gives me extreme pleasure and great honor in behalf of all the\\npeople, to hand you this sword, the gift of the nation, voted by the\\nCongress of the United States.\\nThe President handed the Admiral the sword with a deep bow, and\\nthere was a roar of applause as Dewey received it. All were still as he\\nturned to reply.\\nAdmiral Dewey then said:\\nI thank you, Mr. President, for this great honor you have conferred\\nupon me. I thank the Congress for what it has done. I thank the Sec-\\nretary of the Navy for his gracious words, I thank my countrymen for\\nthis beautiful gift, which shall be an heirloom in my family forever, as\\nan evidence that republics are not ungrateful, and I thank you, Mr.\\nChairman and gentlemen of the committee, for the gracious, cordial,\\nand kindly welcome which you have given me to my home.\\nAfter the tumultuous exhibition of satisfaction on the part of the\\ndelighted crowd had ended. Cardinal Gibbons pronounced the bene-\\ndiction.\\nOn the thirteenth day of October the city of Boston gave the gallant\\nAdmiral a magnificent reception, on his return from laying the corner-\\nstone of Dewey Ilall, which is to be a part of Norwich University, at\\nNorthfield, Vermont, the institution in which the Admiral received his\\nearliest military training.\\nChauncey M. Depew delivered a beautiful address on the occasion of\\nthis ceremony. Among other utterances he said:\\nThe cheering millions along the I oute of his homeward journey\\nvoice the acclaim of the whole people for the American who has done\\nso much for the country, and the sailor whose deeds have given greater\\nluster to our navy, whose record has always been illustrious. The pre-\\n.sentation of the sword voted by Congress by the President of the United\\nStates, in the presence of the Cabinet, the Supreme Court, the Senate,\\nand the TTouse of Kepresentatives, at the Capitol was the crowning glory\\nof this marvelous ovation. Not yet its culmination and its lesson not\\nyet. That is reserved for his alma mater. With the associations and\\nsurroundings of this seat of learning the faculty and students receive", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. 195\\ntheir fellow-student and honored alumnus. The building which will\\nrise upon the corner-stone now laid by Admiral Dewey will remain\\nfor unnumbered generations as a monument to the advantages of a\\nliberal education and the possibilities of American citizenship.\\nThe victory of Admiral Dewey has a far wider significance than the\\nheroism of the fight. It opened a new chapter in the history of the\\nUnited States. The lifting of the cloud of battle smoke from the waters\\nof Manila Bay revealed a new and potential power in the aifairs of the\\nworld. We must first subdue the rebellion. The more quickly, the more\\nenergetically, and the more overwhelming the force with which it is\\ndone the more merciful will be the war and the earlier will come the\\nregeneration of the Philippines.\\nThe demonstration for a brief period of a government which gives\\nprotection to life and property, which grants liberty and law, which\\nplants schoolhouses and encourages thrift, will be conditions for happi-\\nness they have never experienced and only vaguely imagine possible\\nthrough the anarchy they would now inaugurate.\\nForty years ago, standing as a young cadet in the Capitol at Mont-\\npelier and gazing upon the statue of Ethan Allen, he exclaimed: Life\\ncan achieve no greater reward than that. He has won that reward.\\nBeside the hero of Ticonderoga will stand a companion figure.\\nUnder the one will be the immortal words which began the first\\nvictory of our revolutionary war:\\nI demand your surrender in the name of the Great Jehovah and the\\nContinental Congress, and under the other, the statue of Admiral\\nDewey, the sentence which opened the gates of the Orient for his\\ncountry:\\nYou may fire when you are ready, Gridley,\\nAn unexpected event (the unexpected was always happening with\\nDewey) took place on November the ninth, in the Capital City. This\\nwas his marriage to Mrs. Mildred McLean Hazen, widow of the renowned\\nGeneral Hazen. Only a few of his most intimate friends had known\\nthat he had lost his heart to this charming woman. As Mrs. Hazen\\nwas a member of the Catholic church they were married by a special\\ndispensation from Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore.\\nThen another unexpected circumstance took place. Previous to his\\nmarriage Admiral Dewey had been presented with a fine house by a\\nlarge number of admiring friends. He accepted the gift as expressive\\nof the feelings of the American people towards him. Immediately\\nfollowing the wedding he deeded the house to his wife. Some carping", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "196 ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY.\\ncritics began to find fault with what he had done. A few newspapers\\ntried to fan a flame of discontent among the nation at large for his act.\\nIt seemed for the moment as though the idol of the country was about\\nto be hurled down beneath the feet of an indignant people.\\nBut the New York Journal expressed the feeling of the overwhelm-\\ning majority of Americans when it said:\\nAdmiral Dewey may undo the deed to the house presented him by a\\nsmall portion of his fellow countrymen, but he can never undo the deed\\nof May 1, last year. He asked no favors of his country or of his country-\\nmen. He asked no favors of Montojo. He asked no favors of foreign\\nfleets anchored at Manila. He asked for no demonstration in his honor,\\nand, lastly, he did not ask for a house.\\nBut what he does ask at present is to be let alone. He has spent\\nalmost all his life at sea, and the least this country can do is to allow\\nhim to enjoy his shore leave to the end of his d.ays.\\nSuppose a war were to break out to-morrow. Ah! there is where\\nthe shoe pinches. It would be, For God s sake, send Dewey to the\\nfront; By all means, hurry Dewey after them; Let the country rely\\non Dewey.\\nWall Street would go down on its marrow-bones and perform rites\\nto him. The persons who regret their miserable contributions would\\nturn to Dewey with prayers.\\nThen do you kuow what this grizzled old sailor would do?\\nNewly married, and with almost the only domestic happiness he\\nhas ever known before him, he would buckle on his sword, hoist the four-\\nstarred flag of Farragut, and go to battle for the honor of his country\\nand the welfare of his selfish countrj-men.\\nBut it would seem that the house was deeded to Mrs. Dewey in\\norder that it might be transferred, without any claim whatever against\\nit, to George Dewey, the Admiral s only son.\\nThe Brooklyn Eagle therefore justly said\\nLet us all learn charity, while also learning a little law. When held\\nin the name of the Admiral, the house was subject to dower rights.\\nSince deeded to the son hx the gracious woman to whom the Admiral\\nlovingly gave it all, the house has had an indivisible Dewey title. This\\nnot only perfects the intent of the gift in the present but secures that\\nintent for the future. The result is better than the case was before the\\nincident began, which is now so happily closed. Out of the bitter has\\ncome sweet.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "O\\nQ\\no\\no\\no\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a05\\n?3\\no\\n3\\no", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "GEORGE WASHINGTON\\nFrom an oricinal portrait, -First in War, First in Peace, and First in the Hearts of his Countrymen", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIV.\\nTHE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL.\\nJune 17, 1775.\\nSuch wild days!\\nNew England blood had never been so hot before. Everybody was\\nexcited in those four brave colonies all the way from Portsmouth on the\\nPiscataqua to New Haven on The Sound. Most of the people were\\nfeeling fierce and were willing in their anger to kill the men who had\\ncome from Old England with swords and muskets to make them bow\\nto a king they had learned to hate for his pride and folly.\\nOnly a few weeks since they shot two hundred and seventy of\\nthese soldiers in red coats on a furious chase of almost twenty miles from\\nConcord to Boston.\\nEight Americans had dropped dead on Lexington Green, about sun-\\nrise of April 19, 1775; shot down like dogs by King George s troops\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a\\ncowardly killing, for the British with four hundred to our fifty, needed\\nnot to hurt a man, and yet have had their way all the while.\\nBut they paid a great price for that morning murder.\\nThe country turned out and soon had the thousand proud English-\\nmen on the run. Hundreds of Yankees were there stinging the fright-\\nened soldiers to death, crowding clo^e to their line of march, making\\nevery stone wall a little fort, shooting the wretches who had butchered\\ntheir brethren, and teaching an all-the-afternoon lesson of terror and\\nvengeance to a haughty enemy.\\nThat dreadful and glorious day had brought twenty thousand men\\nfrom the New England farms down to Boston, with flint-lock guns over\\ntheir shoulders. It was a crowd rather than an army that had rushed\\ntogether, a crowd of plain and sober country folks, just common every-\\nday men who earned their living by hard work all the year around.\\nThey were peaceable people, too, and great lovers of good order and\\nquiet, but they had come out now on purpose to fight, and had shut up\\nin Boston ten thousand British soldiers, trained and plucky fighters,\\nfamous fellows for a battle, admired and feared the wide world over for\\ntheir terrible valor. But the angry New England farmers had come to\\n197", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "198 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nlet those powerful men know that Americans loved liberty well enough\\nto (lie for it, and that it was dangerous business for foreign soldiers to\\nbe meddling where they were not wanted. Not a man in the British\\nranks dared come out of the town. There they were, an army of them,\\ncorked in by the despised Yankees.\\nThis was how matters stood June 10 in and about Boston. It had\\njust been found out by the quick-witted Boston people that General\\nGage, the British commander, meant, on June 18, to seize the hills on\\ntwo sides of the city, and hold them with his army. Of course the news\\nstraightway got out of town and into the American camp. The patriot\\nleaders resolved to get the start of their enemies, feeling that they had\\nthe first right to their own hill tops so one thousand men were marched\\nout of Cambridge late in the evening, June IG, across the narrow isthmus\\nof Charlestown Neck to Bunker hill, a height rising one hundred and\\nten feet above the water on either side of it. These men carried guns,\\npickaxes and spades, and were ordered to build a dirt fort before morn-\\ning, and be ready to keep the British at the bottom of the hill if they\\nshould cross the river from Boston and want to climb up.\\nColonel William Prescott, a farmer from Pepperell, ilass., led this\\ntiny army, a bold man with a cool head, a first-rate commander.\\nBrave Israel Putnam of Connecticut was there too, the man who had\\nbecome known all through the colonies as a hero, who dared, single-\\nhanded, to fight wolves, Indians, or even that swarthy old rascal Satan,\\nhimself.\\nBefore the fight began next day General Warren went, too, as noble\\na spirit as ever dwelt in man s form, a well beloved physician, the favor-\\nite of all Boston, and one of the most valuable leaders of opinion in all\\nthe colonies. Warren chose to go as volunteer, taking his place, gun in\\nhand, among the soldiers.\\nBy midnight the men were hard at work on their little fort or re-\\ndoubt, having concluded to go forward to Breed s Hill, a third of a\\nmile nearer Boston, than at first intended.\\nFour busy hours went by, pick and shovel doing their best, and with\\nthe morning light came a vast surprise to the British, who saw almost\\nmore than they could believe to be so; stout fortifications crowned the\\nCharlestown hill and were alive with a thousand saucy rebels.\\nBoom, boom!\\nThe cannon begin to roar from the English war-ships in Charles\\nEiver at the base of the hill. The great iron balls rush at the bold fort\\nand plunge wrathfully into the patriotic dirt-heap of the Americans.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 199\\nNobody hurt, but everybody who is yet iu bed scared and shaken half\\nout of his wits, for the racket of a hundred cannon at once so early in\\nthe day is a sound as frightful as if Boston were being torn to pieces.\\nInto the streets hurried the people, then to the tops of their houses,\\nto the church steeples, to the hills all for a chance to see what was\\ngoing on at Bunker and Breed s hills.\\nWhat they then saw, was their friends digging away as hard as\\nevei getting more dirt every minute between them and the British.\\nBang-bang!\\nIt is war thundering from the ship and the shore. King George the\\nThird is bellowing with auger at these Yankee boors on the hill who\\ndare to throw dirt in his face. No wonder, either, for the British king\\nhad always supposed that these Americans were made on purpose for\\nhis personal convenience, and that if they did not act to suit him they\\nnot only insulted the king but also abused God, who created the common\\nman for the special benefit of the king. So the storm of fire and iron\\nis crashing upon that hill, where the plain people are bidding defiance\\nto their king.\\nThe uproar is horrible, and the air is full of flying destruction. One\\nwould think those rustics up there would drop their work and run for\\ntheir lives. The Yankee spade doesn t stop, however, and the saucy\\nbreastworks on the hill grow fast.\\nBut the great guns have shaken good-natured General Gage out of\\nbed, and he comes forth dressed in a beautiful uniform to learn why his\\nbig iron war-dogs are barking so furiously. It almost spoils his good\\nnature, though, to see that big bank of fresh dirt across Charles River,\\nand a thousand Continentals making it bigger every minute. That is\\nreally ridiculous, or something worse.\\nWhat shall be done about it? Why, first, of course, eat our break-\\nfast. When did gallant Englishman ever refuse to perform that fore-\\nmost duty of the day? So General Gage began the battle of Bunker\\nHill by an able and successful attack on two mutton-chops and a coffee\\npot, completely wiping out everything standing in his way. Much en-\\ncouraged by this event, the general calls in bis chief officers for a council\\nof war. All agree that the Rebels must be brushed off that Charles-\\ntown hill top. Of course, it would only be necessary to send a few thou-\\nsand British soldiers across the Charles River and start them up the\\nhill.\\nThose farm laborers at the top will be glad enough to get out of the\\nway as soon as they see the terrible troops coming. By noon the English", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "200 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\narmy is across the river. Its first attack is made on its own provisions,\\nand after liaving gotten tlie better of mucli beef and bread, it begins to\\nthink about walking up the hill and taking possession of those offending\\nearthworks.\\nMeantime the Americans have never stopped shoving their spades.\\nHour after hour the work has gone on. Tired and hungry and thirsty\\nfrom sunrise till mid-day under a scorching summer sky, they fling that\\nimportant dirt where it can be most useful. It was really wonderful,\\nand only lion-like men would or could have done it.\\nSure now that the British really meant to attack the new works,\\nPrescott and Putnam sent back to Cambridge for more soldiers, know-\\ning that a thousand worn-out men were not enough for the great fight\\nthat was coming. There were almost five thousand of those brave and\\nproud English veterans down there by the river only a thousand yards\\naway, almost ready now to make a rush for the little band of exhausted\\nheroes.\\nThe American General Ward, at Cambridge, is very slow in sending\\nout the fresh troops called for, but at last about two thousand five hun-\\ndred Americans joined their comrades and were ready for the bloody\\nwork waiting them. Colonel Stark had come with his New Hampshire\\nriflemen. The farmer and blacksmith from Northampton, brave Seth\\nPonioroy, is there, too, a famous soldier in the French and Indian war\\ntwenty years before, and now a general. lie, like Warren, has to come\\nto fight in the ranks, and is welcomed with a mighty cheer.\\nThe Yankee spade has now stopped. The men who have handled it\\nso well are resting. The dinner hour goes by and leaves them neither\\nfood nor drink, but does not take their grit away with it. They will stay\\nto fight, though it be against hunger, thirst, weariness and British lead\\nall at once, so they are soberly waiting for the deadly business to begin.\\nThe American oificers now go up and down the lines with cheering\\nwords. Colonel Prescott mounts the redoubt to get a look at the enemy.\\nTall and powerful in person, he was, of course, at once seen by the\\nBritish, as he bad been by General Gage in the early morning.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Will he fight? asked the General of Prescott s brother-in-law, who\\nstood at his side.\\nYes, sir, depend upon it, 1o the last drop of blood in him, but I\\ncannot answer for his men.\\nAs we shall now see, the men soon made out to answer for themselves\\nin an emphatic manner.\\nThree o clock, afternoon.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "I III: i:.rril.li O/ lUfNKI .R III 1. 1.. !i()l,\\nI lic I ritiHli Jirc Hhiilin;:;. S|)liri(liil I I Ik v tii.ircli lo music !lii/ii-\\nmiiiuIh r f lifiii fii in iiml f ciirlcss cIdIIiciI in lii i;^lil coloi-s, Hlr;ii;^lil ii|)\\nllic hill. I lic A iiicrir;iiiH junk on :uiil vv;iil. I r-t-siol I :itiil I lilniuji ;irc\\nvci y biiHy iiriioii;^ liicji- incii vvilli NihI onlfr-s.\\nWail, iiiciil l ;il iiiiri i,il (iiiiti cotfic cloHc. Nol a HJHtl lili _yi)ii\\ncan Hcc the uliilcs of llicir eyes! N oii an- all iiiarkHiiicii; any man of\\nyon can kill a H(|iiir fcl al a liiniiiif l yai dH. Aim al, the liaiMJHomc coalH;\\n[lick olT the odicciH. KIcady! lire low, and yon will dcHlroy Ihcni alll\\nI lniH cxhoi-lcd, Ihc ni -ii i;iy |ni l wailing.\\nI nl Ihal Hpifiidid ar itiy is coniinj^ on ;.;lofions, (cfrihlc (he hnri-\\ndi cd lii-ilish cannon ki c|iin;^ linn lo Ihcii- Hlcady Irarnji. In [mtTccI\\nocdcr llic men mov uji llio slojn-, (icnirnl Howe al llic r ij^lil of llicif\\nHlroii}^ lincH. I .chind Ihc American workw (lie ami drum aic playin^^\\nanl;(\u00e2\u0080\u00a2(\u00e2\u0080\u00a2 Doodle, l\u00c2\u00bbnl all Ih Hilenl. vvhei-c 1 howe men ar-e wailin 4 with\\nI heif loaded j^nnH for I he enemy.\\nNeai ec the Mi IUhIi ace within mnskel shol onl fcom their- tiiick\\ni-airks Hnddenly leapH a Hlieel of lire, arrd a thonsand IhiIIcIh hiHK over-\\ntlio lieadH of I hi- AmericanH.\\nNo atiMwec from the hill top; aj^ain and a^ain the ItiiliHli lii-e aH\\nthey come steadily on hirl not a shot corneH hack.\\nIlal It s as we t hoii^ht. Tin- Vankec i chels can nev THtaml hefoi-*-\\nthe kinff s hi-ave nren. They have skrrlked away from th -ii- irseleHH dirt\\nlieaj)H. On lo the workK -aird (-onfnHion lo all rcbelH! How clow lliey\\nai i- har-dly more I harr a hir rrdre(l feel away. Are I hey really j^oin}^ rtver?\\nWill Iliey vvirr wit lioni a (i^hl Will not liin^ stop I lierir What is that!\\nA lerrihh- i-r-y down Ihe lenj^lh of I he silent works, lier-ce with deliance,\\ndreadful with diall], orre word, awful as the wiath of iod:\\nF-i-r- f!\\nA hnPHt of lif^lil irin^s, a hiir-ricane of dealh. I lioHe once dnil earth-\\nworkH are ahla/. with deslr-nct ion. Uritish H(ddiei-s neyei- faced sinh\\na tempest of lir-e hefor-e. I lic whole front line falls hefore it. The living\\ntry to Ht.aj.^(^er forwar-d it is only ei^^ht i-ods lo victory.\\nl onvar(l for I CinK le(\u00c2\u00bbrt^e!\\nA{(ain I h hla/,e of Ihow terrifK- rifles, and irren ;^od(\u00c2\u00bbwn hy scoreH.\\nI p, comr-adeH.\\nAtrd Ihe ki arlel ranks try to |\u00c2\u00bbiikIi on, lirrt Ihose patient (nen who\\nwailed ho well ar-e hot with Ihe battle, arrd kill wilhonl pi(y. It is no\\nUHG. The whole HriliHh line breakH to i)ioc !t4 and the proud army ruirn\\ndown the hill, beaten.\\nIt is wonderful!", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "203 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nNothing like it was ever seen on earth before, a rabble of rustics\\nfighting a Icing s army half as large again as itself, and knocking it out\\nof breath in a quarter of an hour.\\nWhat a cheer! It is the American hurrah. Brave men, they have\\ngloriously earned the right to it\\nPutnam and Warren and the rest of the leaders are busy everywhere\\namong their troops, praising their firmness, and making them ready for\\nthe new attack they are certain is speedily to come.\\nSure enough, the red coats are getting into line. Now they are\\nmarching up the hill again, firing as before on the American works as\\nsoon as their bullets can be made to reach them.\\nMeanwhile, red-hot balls from the British batteries on Copp s Hill\\nin Boston have set Charlestown in a blaze, adding new hoiTor and sub-\\nlimity to the hour of battle. The fated town was of wood, closely built,\\nand it burned with great fury. Vast volumes of smoke rolled over the\\nhill as the fight went on. The Americans waited again in courageous\\nsilence while the enemy drew near. They suffered them to come even\\ncloser than at the first attack, without an answering shot. The British\\nfelt sure now that they were going over the works, and came hotly ou.\\nAt six rods only the Americans hurled a monstrous volley into the\\nEnglish ranks, shattering them as before.\\nThe brave troops tried to stand fast, to struggle through the awful\\nfire of those unerring rifles, but it was impossible to endure such a storm\\nof slaughter more than a few minutes and again the English gave\\nway, rushing down the slope of the hill, now ghastly with a multitude\\nof the wounded and dead.\\nAgain that glorious cheer!\\nLiberty has found her voice, having found her heroes. It looks as\\nthough the fight was done. And our soldiers are almost ready to believe\\nthat they are to hold their fort without more bloodshed.\\nBut the English are brave.\\nTheir generals resolve to try once more for the coveted hill top. It is\\ndifficult to persuade their troops to venture the new danger. But at\\nlast the lines are in shape, and the most of the survivors are moving\\ntoward the attack though hundreds refuse to march.\\nThe Americans wait for the third time.\\nBut they are well nigh helpless to resist. They have spent almost\\ntheir last bullet. On the Bi*itish come, furious, burning to destroy, with\\nfixed bayonets this time, and fierce for revenge. The Americans fire\\ntheir last round straight in the faces of their foe, killing a multitude,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 203\\nand then the fight is over, for the patriots can do no more. They clutch\\nat the stones their spades had loosened, and fling them at the men who\\nare swarming over the breastworks. This however, only makes known\\ntheir helplessness to the enemy, and hastens the disaster.\\nRetreat!\\nSadly Prescott gives the order, his stout heail breaking with grief\\nat the need of it. So the brave fellows go back, leaving the works they\\nhave held with matchless valor, and have twice made glorious with\\ntriumph.\\nThe British are quite too worn out with the fight to follow, although\\nthey succeed in sending a volley into the retreating columns, that kills\\nand wounds more of our people than the whole fight had done before.\\nGeneral Warren was slain at this last moment a loss to the American\\ncause as great as the destruction of an army.\\nFive o clock now, and the two hours just passed have added a crim-\\nson page to American history, and brought to the American name a\\nglory that, will last forever.\\nWe lost in the battle, all told, four hundred and fifty men. General\\nGage confesses that one thousand and fifty-four of his men fell. We\\nhad to give up the field, it is true, but as all the world now looks at it,\\nwe we means Americans) won a magnificent victory. The fight told\\nthe nations that Americans were fit to be free, and were able to be their\\nown masters. It gave notice to humanity that a nation was born\\ndevoted to human liberty, and able to defend it. Humanity understood\\nit so, for, as our own Ralph Waldo Emerson proudly says:\\nHere once the embattled farmers stood\\nAnd fired the shot heard around the world.\\nAnd what was thus heard said that five thousand of the best soldiers\\nwarlike England ever sent out to battle had twice in a single hour run\\naway from a little more than half their number of untrained militia men\\nwho had been picked up in a hurry from the villages and farms of 2sew\\nEngland.\\nThe battle of Bunker Hill proved to be what the English general,\\nBurgoyne, declared it, a final loss to the British empire in America.\\nPeople who could and would fight for the common rights of man as\\ndid those heroes of June 17, 1775, could not be kept beneath the feet of\\na king.\\nSo Bunker Hill was a tremendous declaration of American iude-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "204 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\npendence, uttered with the voice of loud battle and recorded in the blood\\nof brave and generous men a declaration, saerod with sacrifice unto\\ndeath and gloi-ious with deeds as great as ever shone in the story of\\nthe soul or added splendor to the memories of a nation.\\nWASHINGTON AT VALLEY FORGE.\\nAll the heroism, the patience, the fidelity, the fortitude of Washing-\\nton may be seen illustrated in the ever memorable period of the Revo-\\nlutionary War, during which he encamped with the remnant of his army\\nat Valley Forge.\\nThis noted place is a small and shallow valley in Chester county,\\nPennsylvania, about twenty miles from Philadelphia, formed between\\nrugged hills, containing iron ore, fi-om the working of which it derived\\nits name.\\nThere is now a town of some importance on the site of the old camp-\\ning ground, but during the Revolution there were only a few scattered\\nsettlers on the banks of the little stream which flows through the bottom\\nof the valley.\\nOn the sides of the hills Washington proposed to encamp his troops\\nand there winter them in the huts to be built out of the forest timber\\ngrowing wildly about, and having interstices filled with clay from the\\nunfilled soil.\\nThe motive which governed the commander-in-chief in selecting this\\nposition was explained by him in the following order to his army previ-\\nous to taking up his march:\\nThe General, he said, ardently wishes it were now in his power\\nto conduct the troops into the best winter quarters.\\nBut where are these to be found? Should we retire to the interior\\nparts of the State, we should find them crowded with virtuous citizens,\\nwho, sacrificing their all, have left Philadelphia and fled thither for pro-\\ntection.\\nTo their distresses, humanity forbids us to add.\\nThis is not all: we should leave a large extent of fertile country\\nto be despoiled and ravaged by the enemy.\\nWashington believed Valley Forge to be the position which would\\nenable his army to inflict the least distress and give the most security;\\nand there we must make ourselves, he said, the best shelter in our\\npower.\\nWhile the huts were yet unbuilt. Washington, conscious of the trials", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON AT VALLEY FORGE. 205\\nto which his badly-clothed troops unprovided with shelter in the midst\\nof winter, would be subjected, expresses, in an appeal to their fortitude,\\nthe hope that the officers and soldiei-s, with one heart and one mind,\\nwill resolve to surmount every difficulty, with a fortitude and patience\\nbecoming their profession, and the sacred cause in which they are\\nengaged.\\nHe himself, adds the General, will share in the hardships and par-\\ntake of every inconvenience.\\nNever was human endurance more severely taxed than in the trials\\nof the whole American army during the hard winter of 1777-78.\\nWhen the troops moved from Whitemarsh to Valley Forge they\\nwere already so destitute of shoes and stockings that their footsteps\\nmight be traced in blood on the hard frozen ground.\\nIt seemed the most solemn mockery that on the very day before the\\narmy entered the vallej which was destined to be the scene of so much\\ndeprivation and suffering was that which, in accordance with the ap-\\npointment of Congress, was to be kept as a. day of thanksgiving and\\npraise.\\nWeary, travel-stained and footsore, the army halted, and the solem-\\nnities of the day being reverentially observed by every officer and soldier,\\nthe whole body of troops, on the following morning resumed the march\\nto Valley Forge, where they arrived the same day.\\nThe troops were at once scattered over the rugged hills, and, being\\ndivided into parties of twelve men each, were busily occupied in con-\\nstructing those rude structures which were to be their only shelter\\nfrom the severity of a wintry North American climate.\\nThe very orders of the army, giving uniformity to misery, show the\\nhard necessities to which all alike were now compelled to submit.\\nThe huts were to be foui teen feet by six feet; the sides, ends, and\\nroofs to be made with logs; the roofs to be made tight with split slabs,\\nor in some other way; the sides to be made close with clay; a fireplace\\nto be made of wood and secured with clay on the inside eighteen inches\\nthick.\\nThe fireplace to be in the rear of the hut; the door to be in the end\\nnext the street; the doors to be made of split oak-slabs, tuiless boards\\ncould be procured; the side-walls to be six and a half feet high.\\nOne such hut was apportioned to each twelve soldiers, while no\\nperson under the rank of a field officer, was entitled to the privilege of\\na hut to himself.\\n14", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "206 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThe whole were to be arranged, as is usual with an encampment,\\nin regular streets.\\nShould necessity aJone not prove a sufficient stimulus to labor the\\nsoldiers were encouraged to industry and art by the promise of a\\nreward of twelve dollars to the party in each regiment which should\\nfinish its hut in the quickest and most workmanlike manner.\\nAnd, as boards for the covering of the huts were difficult to be had,\\na provocative to the exercise of ingenuity was offered in the prize of\\none hundred dollars to any officer or soldier who, in the opinion of\\nthree gentlemen appointed to be judges, should devise a substitute\\nequally good, but cheaper, and more quickly made.\\nColonel Joseph Trumball, who had been appointed commissary-gen-\\neral by Washington, resigned at the beginning of the year in conse-\\nquence of the officious intermeddling of Congress with the department,\\nand ever since the commissariat had been at the mercy of improvident\\nfolly and cunning dishonesty.\\nI do not know, wrote the commander-in-chief, from what cause\\nthis alarming deficiency, or rather, total failure of supplies, arises.\\nAgain he says: Unless some great and capital change takes place\\nin that line this army must be inevitably reduced to one or the other\\nof these three things starve, dissolve, or disperse, in order to obtain\\nsubsistence in the best manner they can.\\nBut few days had pas.sed in Valley P orge when this melancholy\\nand alarming truth was discovered, that the commissai-y in the camp\\nhad not a single hoof of any kind for slaughtei-, and not more than\\ntwenty-five barrels of flour, to feed some twelve thousand hungry men!\\nThe soap, vinegar, and other articles, wrote Washington, allowed\\nby Congress, we see none of, nor have we seen them, I believe, since\\nthe battle of Brandywine. The first, indeed, we have now little occa-\\nsion for; few men having more than one shirt, many only the moiety\\nof one, and some none at all.\\nIn addition to which, as a proof of the little benefit received from\\na clothier-general, and as a further proof of the inability of an army,\\nunder the circumstances of this, to perform the common duties of sol-\\ndiers (besides a number of men confined to hospitals for want of shoes,\\nand others in farmer s houses on the same account), we have, by a\\nfield-return this day made, no less than two thousand eight hundred\\nand ninety-eight men now in camp unfit for duty, because they are\\nbare-foot and otherwise naked.\\nThousands of soldiers were without blankets, and many kept cow-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON AT VALLEY FORGE. 207\\nering aud awake the whole night about the c-ampfires for fear h .st, if\\nthey went to sleep, they might be frozen to death.\\nIt was with the greatest difficulty that a sufficient number of men\\ncould be found in a condition lit to perform the ordinary routine of\\ncamp duty; and men able-bodied but comparatively naked, were often\\nobliged, when ordered out, to borrow clothes from those who were so\\nfortunate as to have any.\\nOne of the foreign officers, while walking with Washington through\\nthe encampment, looked with such alarm upon the poor, miserable sol-\\ndiers (as their famished, shrunken frames, scantily covered with a dirty\\nblanket, slunk in the biting, wintry air from hut to hut) and heard\\nwith such dismay, through the open ci*evices between the logs of their\\nwretched dwellings, the woful, heart-rending cry: No pay, no clothes,\\nno rum! that he despaired of the independence of the country.\\nThe unfortunate soldiers, declared Lafayette, were in want of\\neverything; they had neither coats nor hats, shirts nor shoes. Their\\nfeet and legs froze till they became black and it was often necessary\\nto amputate them.\\nFrom want of money the officers could obtain neither provisions\\nnor any means of transport; the colonels were often reduced to two ra-\\ntions, and sometimes even to one. The army frequently remained a\\nwhole day without any provisions whatever.\\nStill, ever on the alert for the performance of his duty as a mili-\\ntary commander, Washington, hearing of a movement of the British,\\nwould have sent out a force to check it.\\nHe accordingly ordered some of his troops to be ready to march;\\nwhen fi om General Huntington, who commanded one division, came a\\nletter saying: I received an order to hold my brigade in readiness\\nto march.\\nFighting will be preferable to starving; my brigade are out of pro-\\nvision, nor can the commissary obtain any meat. I am exceedingly un-\\nhappy in being the bearer of complaints to headquarters. I have used\\nevery argument my imagination can invent to make the soldiers easy,\\nbut I despair of being able to do it much longer.\\nFrom General Vernon, too, came a letter: According to the say-\\ning of Solomon, wrote the general, hunger will break through a\\nstone wall.\\nIt is therefore a very pleasing circumstance to the division under\\nmy command that there is a probability of marching. Three days sue-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "208 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ncessively, we have been destitute of bread; two days we have been\\nentirely without meat.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2The men must be supplied or they cannot be commanded. The com-\\nplaints are too urgent to pass unnoticed. It is with pain that I men-\\ntion this distress.\\nI know it will make your excellency unhappy; but, if you expect\\nthe exertion of virtuous principles while your troops are deprived of\\nthe necessaries of life, your final disappointment will be great in pro-\\nportion to the patience which now astonishes every man of human\\nfeeling.\\nWashington, always trustful in the holiness of his cause, never de-\\nspaired of its ultimate triumph.\\nWe can readily believe that, in these times of trial, with the piety\\nwhich never forsook him in adversity or prosperity, he often on his\\nknees implored in prayer the mercy of God upon his suffering troops.\\nIt is recorded by a contemporary witness, a Quaker farmer, that, on\\none occasion while strolling along the valley stream he heard a voice,\\nas of one in supplication and prayer, coming out of a secluded spot.\\nOn approaching the place Washington s horse was found tied near\\nby.\\nThe intruder immediately turned his steps homeward; and, as he\\ntold his wife what he had seen, he said, with a burst of tears:\\nIf there is any one on this earth whom the Lord will listen to, it\\nis George Washington. The Quaker was Isaac Potts.\\nThe commander-in-chief would, however, have been more or less than\\nhuman if his patience had not been disturbed by the officious inter-\\nference of the Pennsylvania legislature with his plans, and its cen-\\nsorious strictures in a Remonstrance against his conduct.\\nI can assure these gentlemen, he wrote, that it is a much easier\\nand less distressing thing to draw remonstrances in a comfortable room,\\nby a warm fireside, than to occupy a cold, bleak hill, and sleep under\\nfrost and snow, without clothes or blankets.\\nHowever, although they seem to have little feeling for the naked\\nand distressed soldiers, I feel su])erabuudantly for them, and from my\\nsoul I pity those miseries which it is neither in my power to relieve nor\\nto prevent.\\nThat the army, in the state of destitution and suffering in which it\\nwas, should occasionally break out in mutinous complaints and refuse\\nto do duty, was naturally to be expected.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON AT VALLEY FORGE. 309\\nThe long forbearance of his soldiers surprised Washington himself,\\nand won from him a grateful tribute to their patient endurance.\\nNaked and starving as they are, he said, we cannot enough ad-\\nmire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery, that they\\nhave not been, ere this, excited by their own sufferings to a. general\\nmutiny and desertion.\\nIn order to make up for the deficiencies of the ill-managed commis-\\nsariat. Congress authorized Washington to resort to the desperate\\nexpedient of exacting supplies from the people by force.\\nWashington unwillingly consented to avail himself of this legal\\nauthority, in the pressing necessities of his army, but declared that it\\nwould never do to procure supplies of clothing or provisions by coercive\\nmeasures.\\nSuch procedures, he emphatically adds, may give a momentary\\nrelief, but if repeated, will prove of the most pernicious consequence.\\nBesides spreading disaffection, jealousy and fear among the people,\\nthey never fail, even in the most veteran troops, under the most rigid\\nand exact discipline, to raise in the soldiery a disposition to licentious-\\nness, to plunder and robbery, difficult to suppress afterward, and which\\nhas proved not only ruinous to the inhabitants, but in many instances\\nto armies themselves.\\nI regret the occasion that compelled to the measure the other day\\nand shall consider it among the greatest of our misfortunes if we should\\nbe under the necessity of practicing it again.\\nWas there ever a leader of armies who thus spoke and acted like a\\nbrother-man and fellow-citizen?\\nWhen this reserve in regard to private property was observed, too,\\nin a country hostile to American interests, how much greater appears\\nWashington s honorable fastidiousness!\\nWhen, in order to save his men from absolute famine, he reluctantly\\nexercised the power conferred upon him by Congress, the inhabitants\\nresisted his authority, even unto arms.\\nWashington issued a proclamation, in which he required all the\\nfarmers withiu seventy miles of Valley Forge to thrash out one-half of\\ntheir grain by the first of February, 1778, and the other half by the first\\nof March, under the penalty of having the whole seized as straw.\\nMany of the disaffected Pennsylvanians, who abounded in that quar-\\nter, refused to comply with the requisition, and when the troops were\\nsent out for supplies, and a fair price offered for them, the farmers\\ndefended their grain and cattle with violence, and in some instances", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "210 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nburned what they could not protect, so resolutely hostile were they to\\nthe American cause.\\nWithout the necessities of life, man and beast soon began to sicken.\\nThe horses died for lack of forage; and the poor, wearied, worn-out and\\nfamishing soldiers were forced to yoke themselves to wagons and sledges\\nto bring in what fuel and scanty stores could occasionally be obtained.\\nThere was as yet no improvement in the commissaiy department.\\nThe suffering army was constantly being tantalized with accounts\\nfrom all quarters of the prodigious quantity of clothing which was pur-\\ncha.sed and forwarded for their use, while little or none reached them,\\nor that little so badly sorted as to be practically useless.\\nThe poor soldier had a pair of stockings given him without shoes, or\\na vest without a coat or blanket to his back.\\nThe little man had a large pair of trousers, and the large one a small\\ncoat, so that none were benefited.\\nPerhaps by midsummer, said Washington, with bitter irony, he\\n(the soldier) may receive thick stockings, shoes, and blankets, which he\\nwill contrive to get rid of in the most expeditious manner.\\nIn this way, by an eternal round of the most stupid management,\\nthe public treasure is expended to no kind of purpose, while the men\\nhave been left to perish by inches with cold, hunger and nakedness I\\nA putrid camp-fever was the natural consequence of this terrible\\nsuffering and destitution of all the necessities of life; and so many sick-\\nened, while such numbers deserted daily, that the army was thought to\\nbe in danger of dissolution.\\nThe situation of the camp, wrote General Varnum to General\\nGreene, is such that, in all human probability, the army must soon\\ndissolve.\\nIt did not dissolve. The bravery of Washington conquered the sit-\\nuation. The clouds rolled away. The surrender at Yorktown came.\\nIndependence was gained. The United States took its place among the\\nnations of the earth.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XV.\\nGENERAL JACKSON AND THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS.\\nGeneral Jackson established his headquarters at New Orleans,\\nDecember 1st, 1814.\\nThe whole population of white and black of Louisiana at that time\\nhardly numbered one hundred thousand souls.\\nNew Orleans itself contained but thirty thousand people, more than\\nhalf of whom were black. The whites formed a mongrel population,\\nmade up of French, Spaniards, and adventurers from all parts of the\\nworld.\\nJackson found that little reliance was to be placed upon such a\\nheterogeneous body of citizens. Many were known to be hostile, and\\nwere suspected of carrying on treasonable correspondence with the\\nenemy.\\nClaiborne, governor of Louisiana, had been urged by General Jack-\\nson to use every effort to rally the inhabitants of the territory to the\\ndefense of their homes. The call was made, but with feeble response.\\nThe resolute Jackson, however, was not to be balked. He wrote to the\\nGovernor:\\nWhoever is not for us is against us.\\nThose who are drafted must be compelled to the ranks or punished.\\nIt is no time to balance; the country must be defended. He who refuses\\nto aid when called on, must be treated with severity. To repel the\\ndanger with which we are assailed requires all our energies and all\\nour exertions. With union on our side we shall be able to drive our\\ninvaders back to the ocean. Summon all your energy and guard every\\navenue with confidential patrols, for spies and traitors are swarming\\naround.\\nRemember our watchword is\\nVictory or death.\\nWe will enjoy our liberty or perish in the last ditch.\\nJackson did not fail even to appeal to the noble-hearted, generous\\nfree men of color, and they, with more patriotic fervor than the whites,\\nquickly responded by banding themselves into a distinct corps and offer-\\ning their services.\\n211", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "312 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nSeveral companies of citizen militia Avere then formed, consisting\\nof French and American residents, and enrolled.\\nA thousand regulars were immediately ordered to New Orleans,\\nwhile the Tennessee militia, under General Carrol, and the mounted\\nriflemen, under General Coffee, hastened as of old to Jackson s side.\\nJackson s enertiv and courage soon changed the whole current of\\nfeeling, and, day and night, the sounds of martial preparation echoed\\nalong the streets of the city.\\nNew Orleans, from its position, was exposed to attack from several\\nquarters.\\nA fleet of more than eighty sail, under the command of Admiral\\nCochrane, carrj ing on their decks eleven thousand veteran troops, the\\nvery flower of the British army, fresh from the bloody fields of Spain,\\nand led by the gallant and renowned Sir Edward Kakenham, the broth-\\ner-in-law of the Duke of Wellington.\\nTo resist all these New Orleans had no vessels of war, no strong\\nfortresses, no army of veteran troops.\\nGeneral Jackson, with his undisciplined and half-armed yeomani y,\\nalone stood between the city and destruction.\\nHe was not ignorant of the fearful odds he had to encounter but\\nstill he could say to the panic-stricken women who roamed the streets\\nfilling the air with shrieks and cries of alarm:\\nThe enemy shall never reach the city.\\nTheir fears were at once allayed.\\nIn the meantime, while he watched the approaching force, he kept\\nhis eye on the city.\\nThe press did not manfully sustain him and the legislature, then in\\nsession, looked upon his actions with suspicion, if not with hostile feel-\\nings.\\nWhen Judge Hall liberated a traitor whom he had imprisoned, Jack-\\nson sternly ordered the Judge himself into confinement.\\nAt lenirth Jackson received the intelliirence of the arrival of the\\nBritish and the anchoring of their fleet at Cat and Ship islands, off the\\nentrance to Lake Borgne.\\nAfter making a most heroic defense. Lieutenant Jones, who had been\\nsent out to ascertain the force of the enemy, was compelled to sur-\\nrender. He himself, and Barker, his second in command, were severely\\nwounded. But he had succeeded in inflicting great injury upon the\\nfoe and had sunk a number of their vessels.\\nDrawing up his little force Jackson reviewed it and reminded the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "GENERAL JACKSON AND NEW ORLEANS. 213\\ntroops in inspiriting phrase tliat they were about to tight for all that\\ncould render life desirable. He said:\\nFor your property and lives; for that which is deai*er than all, your\\nwives and children; for liberty, without which country, life, and j^rop-\\nerty are not worth possessing, you are to battle.\\nEven the embraces of wife and children are a reproach to the wretch\\nwho would deprive them, by his cowardice, of those inestimable bless-\\nings.\\nHe said to his immediate friends about him, with a confident ring\\nii^his impassioned words:\\nThe redcoats will find out whom they have to deal with!\\nI will smash them, so help me God!\\nJackson now bent all his energies to erect defenses and make his\\nposition as impregnable as possible.\\nIncapable of fatigue himself, he suffered no one to lag in effort. His\\nmen were kept constantly at work; and such was his own unceasing\\nactivity, that it is said he never slept for four days and nights.\\nHe deepened and widened the ditch which had been dug. The levee\\nwas cut through, about a hundred yards below, and a broad stream of\\nwater, some three feet in depth, let in, to impede the approach of the\\nenemy s infanti y.\\nThe intrepid Coffee was placed here, who, with his heroic followers,\\nday after day, and night after night, stood knee-deep in the mud and\\nslept on the brush which they had piled together to keep them from the\\nwater.\\nCotton bales were brought and covered over to increase the breadth\\nand depth of the breastwork. Having completed these fortifications\\nJackson mounted five pieces of heavy cannon on the summit.\\nThus prepared, the Americans resolutely awaited the approach of\\ntheir British assailants.\\nJackson now learned of a contemplated fire in the rear.\\nHe was told that the legislature had become frightened, and was\\ndiscussing the propriety of surrendering the city to the English. While\\nharboring this traitorous design the legislature sent a committee to\\ninquire of Jackson what he designed to do if compelled to abandon his\\nposition.\\nIf, he replied, I thought the hair of my head could divine what I\\nshould do, I would cut it off immediately.\\nGo back with this answer to your honorable body:", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "214 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nIf disaster does overtake me, and the fate of war drives me from\\nmy line to the city, they may expect to have a warm session.\\nJackson at once issued this order to Governor Claiborne:\\nClosely watch the conduct of the legislature, and the moment the\\nproject of offering a capitulation with the enemy is disclosed, place a\\nguard at the door of the chamber, and shut the members in.\\nThe governor, in his zeal and overflowing patriotism, determined to\\nmake sure work of it, and so turned the whole of them out of doors.\\nHis secretary said to Jackson, after his victory:\\nGeneral, what would you have done if you had been forced to\\nretire? He replied:\\nI should have retreated to the city, fired it and fought the enemy\\namid the surrounding flames.\\nOn Sabbath morning, January 8th, General Pakenham, leading his\\nforce of 12,000 picked men, made a direct assault upon Jackson s re-\\ndoubt, behind which were 6,000 poorly drilled but determined American\\ntroops.\\nNew Orleans was startled from its slumbers by an explosion of\\ncannon that shook the city.\\nThe battle had begun. On came the enemy in two columns. They\\nswept in double quick action across the plain.\\nThree thrilling cheers rose over the dark intrenchments, at the sight,\\nand then all was still again.\\nOnward they pressed, confident of victory, but the moment they came\\nin range, a murderous artillery fire from the cannon was opened upon\\nthem.\\nFrightful gaps were made in their ranks at every discharge, which\\nwere closed up by living men, only the next moment to be reopened.\\nStill on they came, those men of iron, who had fought gloriously\\nunder the Iron Duke.\\nBut as the two doomed columns reached the farthest brink of the\\nditch, the command rang along the whole American line:\\nFire!\\nThe next moment the intrenchments were in a blaze.\\nIt was a solid sheet of flame rolling on the foe.\\nStunned by the tremendous and deadly volleys, the front ranks\\nstopped and sank to the ground.\\nBut high over the booming of cannon were heard the shouts of the\\noflScers, and the roll of drums beating the charge.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "GENERAL JACKSON AND NEiV ORLEANS. 215\\nStill, bravely breasting the fiery hail, the ranks were urged forward,\\nbut only to melt away on the edge of that fatal ditch.\\nJackson, with flashing eye and flushed brow, rode slowly along the\\nlines, cheering the men with words of encouragement, and issuing his\\norders, followed by loud huzzas as he passed.\\nFrom the effect of the American fire, he knew, if the troops stood\\nfirm, the day was his own.\\nEvery man was a marksman, although not a soldier drilled in tactics,\\nand every shot told. No troops in the world could withstand their\\ndestructive aim.\\nMowed down by companies, they fell back in terror.\\nPakenbam at once put himself at the head of his troops, shouting:\\nOn, men! On, men! don t give way!\\nA musket ball struck him in the knee; another killed his horse.\\nHere, quick, give me another horse, he cried out.\\nAgain he was at the head of the renowned Forty-fourth, which had\\nnever failed him on other fields of slaughter.\\nAnother ball struck him. Reeling from his saddle he fell, mortally\\nwounded.\\nGenerals Gibbs and Keane were also wounded while trying to rally\\ntheir commands. Then the maddened columns turned and fled.\\nGeneral Lambert, hastening up with the reserves, endeavored to stop\\ntheir flight. He partially succeeded, and again they advanced.\\nBut all in vain! They could not stand the hail of death. They\\nretreated in utter dismay.\\nThe battle of New Orleans was over.\\nTwo thousand six hundred brave British soldiers were killed and\\nwounded, while the American loss was eight killed and thirteen\\nwounded.\\nWith the humaneness and generosity which has ever distinguished\\nAmerican soldiers, Jackson s men hastened, as soon as the firing was\\nover, to succor the wounded, console the dyiug and bury the dead.\\nThe hero of the battle made his triumphal entry into the city.\\nBells were rung, maidens dressed in white strewed flowers in Jack-\\nson s path; the heavens echoed with acclamations, and blessings\\nunnumbered were poured on his head.\\nBut he reverently acknowledged that the God of nations had given\\nhim the victory. That divine Hand he recognized in all the periods of\\nhis stormy, adventurous and wonderful life.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "816 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nIn 1840 he made a public profession of the Christian faith and united\\nwith the Presbyterian Church.\\nOf bis regard for the Bible be left this testimony:\\n**Tbis book is the bulwark of our republican iustitutions, the anchor\\nof our present and future. The Bible is true. Upon that sacred\\nvolume I rest my hope of eternal salvation.\\nGENERAL WINFIELD T. SCOTT.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE CAPTURE OF MEXICO.\\nOn the 13th day of September, 1847, General Scott began his attack\\nupon the strongly fortified heights of Chapultepec which commanded\\nthe City of Mexico.\\nAt daybreak of that beautiful morning the American artillery began\\nto play.\\nEach shot told with terrible effectiveness upon the columns massed\\nwithin the fortifications. At nine o clock, after an impatient waiting\\non the part of the American forces for the order to charge, General\\nScott rang out the welcome command,\\nForward!\\nThe intrepid soldiery now began the toilsome ascent, the batteries\\nclearing the way before them. General Pillow bravely led his men\\nthrough the forest filled with the enemy s sharpshooters and came to\\nthe open ground just under the rocky height. While thus riding vic-\\ntoriously onward this noble oflScer fell mortally wounded. General\\nGeorge Cadwallader, who afterward served with distinction in the Civil\\nWar, assumed command and above the tempest of battle his voice was\\nheard\\nForward! my men, forward!\\nUp those rugged steeps they went, fearless of the fatal fire which\\nwas thinning their ranks. On the summit of the redoubt, erected be-\\ntween them and the castle, the enemy s batteries had been placed,\\nwhich poured incessant shot upon the American infantry as they crossed\\nthe intervening space, broken by rocks and chasms.\\nThe Mexicans had honeycombed the redoubt with mines, which they\\nwere ready to explode if the American soldiers should capture it.\\nAgain Cadwallader s sonorous voice was heard:\\nNow for the final charge, my men. Charge!\\nUp in one swift and terrible movement they went. So sudden and\\nrapid and completely successful was it that the gunners had barely-\\ntime to leave their smoking pieces.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "GENERAL WIXFIELD SCOTT", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "o\\nu\\n(I.\\nD\\na\\na", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "GENERAL WINFIELD T. SCOTT. 217\\nDeath below the ground did not emerge in the thunder and light-\\nning which the enemy expected would attend his coming by the firing\\nof the mines.\\nScott had watched with anxious heart the advance of his valorous\\ntroops as they now reached the ditch just below the castle walls.\\nWill they now be able to scale those frowning battlements?\\nThe ditch must be filled with fascines, scaling ladders must be put\\nagainst the castle s sides.\\nDown upon these heroes comes the hail of lead. Still they did not\\nflinch. Again Cadwallader s voice was heard:\\nHurry up, my men. Here, throw them in. Down with them.\\nThat s all right. Now we can go.\\nThus the fascines went in and then the scaling ladders went up\\nagainst the rock-ribbed fortress. Balls and bayonets met the leaders\\nof the assaulting host. Down they went to help make, by their mangled\\nbones, a pathway with the fascines for their undaunted comrades to\\nreach the summit. And up those comrades climbed. Those below\\nshouted to those above on the swaying ladders:\\nGo on, go on, we re coming after.\\nOn they went. They have reached the top. Face to face with the\\nfoe for a moment, then face to back.\\nThe enemy have fled. The streams of heroes, like an inundation,\\nhave swept over the walls and now rush on, on like a mighty tidal\\nwave after the panic-stricken foe.\\nLieutenant Ried, of the New York Volunteers, was the very first\\nman to stand on the ramparts. kSteele, of the Second Regular Infantry,\\nwas the next. Wounded and weak from loss of blood Ried still kept\\non. Higher and higher he went toward the Mexican banner that waved\\nabove him.\\nReaching up and exerting his utmost strength he tore it down and\\nthen fell fainting on it.\\nBut now, as the American flag and the regimental standard were\\nwaving and men were shouting themselves hoarse over the victory,\\nScott saw a sight that pained him beyond exj)ression.\\nAt Molino del Rey the Mexicans had shown no mercy to the wounded\\nand helpless American soldiers within their lines:\\nRevenge! Revenge! Remember Molino del Rey! was the cry of\\nthe troops as they shot and bayonetted the shrieking Mexican fugi-\\ntives.\\nRiding among his men, Scott cried out with all the vehemence of", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "218 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nhis nature, although he knew the terrible provocation under which,\\nin the almost uncontrollable excitement, they labored,\\nSoldiers, soldiers, deeds like yours are recorded in history. Be\\nhumane and generous, my boys, as you are victorious, and I will get\\ndown on my bended knees for you to-night.\\nThe carnage ceased; mercy reigned.\\nThe capital was now at the feet of Scott. The agonized populace had\\nwatched with hope and fear the progress of the fight. And when they\\nsaw the Stars and Stripes waving over the last stronghold of their\\ncountry and the Mexican infantry and artillerv rushing toward them\\nin wildest confusion, a cry of despair rent the very heavens.\\nA little handful of soldiers had conquered. Scarcely six thousand\\nmen had encountered thirty thousand Mexicans intrenched in a seem-\\ningly impregnable fortress. They were three hundred miles from their\\nships, and were without depots and garrisons.\\nIt was a fearful risk to take. It would seem as though no govern-\\nment could ever allow such a condition of things to prevail. Both\\nindifference and intriguing at Washington had brought about the peril-\\nous situation.\\nIf the Mexican war was conceived in sin and brought forth in in-\\niquity, as its opponents averred, still, having declared war, the valiant\\nAmerican forces, with their intrepid commander, should have been sup-\\nported heart and soul by the American government.\\nA glory to be forever undimmed crowned the deeds of these volun-\\nteer and regular soldiers of our army. General Scott entered in tri-\\numph the C\\\\tj of Mexico. The ultimate result of the war was the\\nannexation of an empire of territory to the United States.\\nWhen the Civil War broke out. General Scott was too old and infirm\\nto take an active part in it. All who appreciated his wonderful mili-\\ntary genius greatly regretted that he could not direct the Union army.\\nIn a few words his character may be summed up. General Scott\\nwas very exacting in his discipline that power which Carnot calls the\\nglory of the soldier and the strength of armies. His stately figure,\\nwhich like that of Saul made him tower head and shoulders above\\nthe ordinary man, combined with his exactness in dress and rigid re-\\nquirements of discipline, gave him his only nickname of Fuss and feath-\\ners. But his soldiers loved him none the less for the peculiarities\\nwhich gave him the appellation.\\nHe was a thoroughly religious and patriotic man, and exemplified\\nin his conduct the attributes of a loyal, courageous, upright soldier.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "GENERAL WINFIELD T. SCOTT. 219\\nwell worth the imitation of every young American. He had a pas-\\nsionate love for the magnificent animal which had carried him on so\\nmany memorable occasions.\\nThe last words of the grand old veteran were those spoken to his\\nservant. He* said:\\nJames, take good care of the horse.\\nGeneral Scott was bom near Petersburg, Virginia, June 13th, 17SC,\\nand died as Lieutenant-General of the army at West Point, New York,\\nMay 29th, 1866.\\nIt is very gratifying to note as an evidence of the good feeling\\nnow existing between the United States and our sister Republic of\\nMexico, that all the battle trophies brought from that country by our\\nvictorious soldiers were recently returned to the Mexican government\\nby the authority of the American Congress.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVI.\\nABRAHAM LINCOLN.\\nAbraham Lincoln was born in Hardin now Larue county, Ken-\\ntucky, on February 12, 1809. His ancestors were among the early\\nsettlers of Rockingham county, Virginia, whither they had gone from\\nBerks county, Pennsylvania, and from which his grandparents removed\\nto Kentucky about the year 1781. His father, Thomas Lincoln, was\\nborn in Virginia, and married Nancy Hanks, also a Virginian, in 180(5.\\nMrs. Nancy Lincoln died in 1818, and in a year and six months Thomas\\nmarried again, this wife being an old neighbor, a widow named Johns-\\nton. During the life of his first wife, in 1816, Mr. Lincoln settled in\\nwhat is now Spencer county, Indiana, where Abraham s early life\\nwas spent in toiling on the farm, cleaning up fresh land and doing\\nwhat was heavy work for a lad of seven or eight years. It was here\\nhe received the one year s schooling which was all he ever had. He\\nbecame expert at figures, and read over and over the few books he\\ncould lay hands on in that wilderness home, often reading by the\\nruddy blaze of a log fire when the others were fast asleep. Among\\nthese scant books were Weems Life of Washington, The Pilgrim s\\nProgress, and the Revised Statutes of Indiana. He kept a common-\\nplace book, into which he copied such passages as struck him as pai\\nticularly fine. Out of these meager surroundings grew into shape the\\nman who ruled and guided the nation in its critical hour.\\nTHE BOYHOOD OF LINCOLN.\\nUncle Dennis Hanks, an old friend of the Lincoln family, tells of\\na visit to them, when Abe was about nine years of age. A glimpse\\nof boyish enthusiasm is afforded by his recollection that Abe had\\nkilled a turkey the day we got there, and couhln t get through tellin\\nabout it.\\nThe kind old uncle began to teach the boy to write, but great diffi-\\nculty was experienced in providing writing materials. Those were\\novercome, however, in this way, as described by t^ncle Dennis:\\n220", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 221\\nSometimes he would write with a piece of charcoal, or the p int\\nof a burnt stick, on the fence or floor. We got a little paper at the\\ncountry town, and I made ink out of blackberry briar-root and a little\\ncopperas in it. It was black, but the copperas would eat the paper\\nafter awhile. I made his first pen out of a turkey-buzzard feather.\\nWe had no geese them days. After he learned to write he was\\nscrawlin his name everywhere; sometimes he would write it on the\\nwhite sand down by the crick bank and leave it till the waves would\\nblot it out.\\nThat humble name was destined to be written one day where not\\nall the waters of the seas could ever wash the mark away.\\nUncle Dennis continues:\\nAbe was at this time not grown, only six feet two inches high.\\nHe was six feet four and one-half inches when grown tall, lathy and\\ngangling not much appearance, not handsome, not ugly, but pecu-\\nliar. He was this kind of a fellow:\\nIf a man rode up on horseback, Abe would be the first one out,\\nup on the fence, and asking questions, till his father would give him\\na knock side o the head; then he d go throw at snowbirds or suthin\\nbut ponderin all the while.\\nI was ten years older, but I couldn t rassle him down. His legs\\nwas too long for me to throw him. He would fling one foot upon my\\nshoulder and make me swing corners swift, and his arms were long\\nand strong. My, how he would chop!\\nHis ax would flash and bite into a sugartree or sycamore, and\\ndown it would come. If you heard him fellin trees in a clearin you\\nwould say there were three men at work by the way the trees fell.\\nBut he was never sassy or quarrelsome.\\nAn old neighbor of the Lincoln family testifies:\\nWhenever the court was in session he was a frequent attendant,\\nas often as he could be spared from the labors of the farm, and espe-\\ncially when a lawyer of the name of John A. Breckenridge was to\\nappear in any case. Breckenridge was the foremost- lawyer in that\\nregion, widely famed as an advocate in criminal cases. Lincoln was\\nsure to be present when he spoke.\\nDoing his chores in the morning, he would walk to Boonville,\\nthe county seat of Warrick county, seventeen miles away, and then\\nhome again in time to do his chores at night, repeating this day after\\nday. The lawyer soon came to know him. Years afterward, when\\n15", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "223 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nLincoln was President, a venerable gentleman one day entered bis\\noffice in tbe Wbite House, and standing before him, said:\\nMr. President, you don t know me.\\nMr. Lincoln eyed him sharply for a moment, then quickly replied,\\nwith a smile:\\nYes, I do; you are John A. Breckenridge. I used to walk thirty-\\nfour miles a day to hear you plead law in Boonville, and listening to\\nyour speeches at the bar first inspired me with the determination to\\nbe a lawyer.\\nAfter he had heard a fine argument at court or a sermon at meet-\\nin the boy would argue and preach in and out of season, fired with\\nambition to shine as an orator. The awkward, half-clad, bashful boy\\nwas burning with enthusiasm, with ambition, and vague premonitions\\nof a great career.\\nIn 1830 a traveling peddler came one evening to a cabin in Illinois\\nand asked the farmer s wife if he could stay at the house all night.\\nWe can feed your beast, was the answer, but we cannot lodge\\nyou unless you are willing to sleep with the hired man.\\nLet s have a look at him first, said the peddler.\\nThe woman pointed to the side of the house, where a lank, six-foot\\nman, in ragged but clean clothes, was stretched on the grass reading\\na book. He ll do, said the stranger.\\nThe hired man was Abraham Lincoln.\\nLINCOLN S MAIDEN SPEECH.\\nJudge Bell, of Mount Carmel, 111., gives the maiden speech of Abra-\\nham Lincoln, delivered in Pappsville, near Springfield, 111., nearly fifty\\nyears ago. Mr. Lincoln was not then a lawyer, and had no intention of\\nbecoming a lawyer. He had then made up his mind to learn the black-\\nsmith trade. His genius was recognized, and he was suddenly nom-\\ninated for the legislature. His first speech is most interesting reading\\nat this time. It was as follows:\\nGentlemen and fellow-citizens: I presume you all know who I am.\\nI am humble Abraham Lincoln. I have been solicited by many friends\\nto become a candidate for the legislature. My politics are short and\\nsweet. I am in favor of a national bank; am in favor of the internal\\nimprovement system and a high protective tariff. These are my senti-\\nments and political principles. If elected, I shall be thankful; if not, it\\nwill be all the same.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 223\\nOLD ABE OF SANGAMON COUNTY.\\nJudge Alexander Jameson, LL. D., relates the following incidents:\\nIn the summer preceding the election of 1856 some one suggestetl\\none evening that we go over to Dearborn Tark to hear a Republican\\nspeech. Entering the park, which was ill-lighted, so that our crowd\\ncould hear, but see little or nothing, we found a crowd surrounding a\\nstand, on which spot there has since been a feeble effort to erect a\\nfountain. On the stand was some one speaking. No name was given\\nme and I began to listen.\\nIt was not long before I found myself, unimpressionable as I am\\nusuallj-, cheering at some remarkably well-put point of Eepublican doc-\\ntrine. By and by I swung my hat in the air, and before many minutes\\nelapsed my hat went up again with others amid a whirlwind of shouts,\\nso clear, forcible and decisive were the arguments of the speaker, a\\ntall man as I could see.\\nI then asked a bystander who that man was.\\nWhy, don t you know? was the reply; that s Old Abe, Abe Lin-\\ncoln from Sangamon County.\\nThat was my first sight of the heaven-sent liberator, Abraham\\nLincoln.\\nFrom that evening I have never had a doubt of the supreme ability\\nof that great and good man. I saw him three times afterwards: once\\nwhen he was counsel for the Illinois Central Railroad Company, in a\\nsuit brought against it by George C. Bates, and in passing I will men-\\ntion a little incident that occun-ed in my presence in the court room\\nduring the trial.\\nI was sitting with Mr. Moulton, late master-in-chancery of the\\nUnited States Circuit Court, a man of infinite jest, when Mr. Lincoln\\ncame up to him and showing him a letter they had a hearty laugh over\\nits contents.\\nIt was from Mr. Lincoln s little son, who said: His mother wanted\\nhim to tell his papa not to forget to put on his clean shirt in the\\nmorning.\\nJudge Jameson continues: When Lincoln came to speak in closing\\nthe case for the defendants, I felt a little disappointed. His voice was\\nhigh, thin, almost screechy, and his argument was labored. I could\\nnot help feeling that his judgment was not fully convinced that his case\\nwas a just one, and it is well known that he never made a successful\\nargument when such a condition existed. His integrity so permeated", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "224 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nhis mind and all its faculties tliat it refused to act at its highest if his\\nconscience was not thoroughly in accord with his official position. This\\nmay be an error, but his speech, though aiding in securing a judgment\\nfor the defendants, was not what 1 call a great forensic effort.\\nThe second time I saw him was when he had a reception at the\\nTremont House after his election to the Presidency. His face already\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2wore the impress of the immeasurable burden beginning to s ttle down\\nupon him, the look of one who suffers but will not flinch, whatever may\\nbefall him.\\nThe last time I saw him was on his return to Chicago, the victim\\nof an assassin, followed by the tears and lamentations of our whole peo-\\nple and of the people of ail lands.\\nLINCOLN THE TYPICAL AMERICAN.\\nAt the famous New England dinner in New York, the lamented\\nHenry W. Orady, the late brilliant editor of the Atlanta Constitu-\\ntion, referred to Abraham Lincoln as the First Typical American. We\\ngive the jiddif ss as it was (lelivered, properly punctuated with the\\nenthusiastic applause which it received:\\nPardon me one word, Mr. President, spoken for the purpose of\\ngetting into the volumes that go out annually freighted with the rich\\neloquence of your siteukers the fact that the Cavalier as well as the\\nPuritan wa\u00c2\u00ab on this continent in its early days, and that he was up\\nand able to be about. [Lnughter.] T luive read your books carefully\\nand I find no mention of tiiat fact, which seems to me important for\\npreserving a sort of historical equilibrium.\\nWith the Cavalier once established as a fact in your charming\\nlittle l)0((ks 1 shall let him work out his own salvntion, as lie has always\\ndone with engaging gallantry, and we will hold no controversy as to\\nhis merits. Why should we? Neither Puritan nor Cavalier long sur-\\nvived as such. The virtues and traditions of both happily still live\\nfor the inspiration of their sons and the saving of the old fashion.\\n[Apjdause.J\\nBut both Puritan and Cavalier were lost in the storm of their first\\nrevolution, and the American citizen, sujtiilanting both, and stronger\\nthan either, took possession of the re})nblic bought by their common\\nblood and fashioned to wisdom, and charged himself with teaching\\nmen government and establishing the voice of the people as the voice\\nof God. [Applause.]", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 225\\nGreat typos, like valuable plants, are slow to flower and frnit. I5ut\\nfrom the union of these colonists, froiri the straightening^ of tlicir pur-\\nposes and the crossing of their blood, slow perfecting through a cen-\\ntury, came he who stands as the first typical American, the^ first who\\ncomprehended within himself all the strength and gentleness, all the\\nmajesty and grace of this llei)ublic Abraham Lincoln. [Loud and\\nlong-continued api)lause.]\\nHe was the sum of IMiritau and Cavalier, for in his ardent nature\\nwere fused the virtues of both, and in the depths of his great eoul the\\nfaults of both were lost. [Kenewed applause.]\\nHe was greater than Puritan, greater than Cavalier, in that he\\nwas American [renewed aj(phiuse|, and that in his homely form were\\nfirst gathered the vast and thrilling forces of this ideal government\\ncharging it with such tremendous meaning and so eleyjiting it above\\nhuman suffering that martyrdom, though infamously aimed, came as\\na fitting crown to a life consecrated from the cradle to human liberty.\\n[Loud and prolonged cheering.]\\nLet us, each cherishing his traditions and honoring his fathers,\\nbuild with reverent hands to the tyj\u00c2\u00bbe of this sim[)l( bul sublime life,\\nin which all types are honored, and in the common glory we shall win\\nas Americans there will be j)Ienty and to spare for your forefather)*\\nand for mine. [Kenewed and long prolonged cheering.]\\nCHAKACTEU OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.\\nBY COL. ROBERT G. INGERSOLU\\nAbraham Lincoln was one of the few who saw that slavery could\\nnot exist forever. He was born in a cabin laid in the lap of tlie f)oor\\nborn in a cabin in the wilderness of Kentucky, yet he roH to such a\\nsupreme and sj)lendid height that fame never reached higher than his\\nbrow when putting its laurels on the brow of a human being. He\\nwas a man who was true to himself, and for that reason true to others.\\nHe was a strange mingling of mirth and tears, of the perfect and\\ngrotesque, of Socrates and Rabelais, of yEso|\u00c2\u00bb and .Marcus Aurelius, of\\nall that was noble and just, of mercy and honesty, m rciful, wise, lov-\\nable and divine and all consecrated to the use of man, while through\\nall and over all was an overwhelming sense of chivalry and loyalty,\\nand above all the shadow of a perfect mind.\\nOf nearly all the great characters of history we know nothing of", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "226 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ntheir peculiarities. About the oalis of these great men, and about the\\nroots of these oaks, we know nothing of the earth that clings to them.\\nWashington himself is now a stwl engraving. About the real man\\nwho lived, who loved, who schemed and who succeeded, we know noth-\\ning. The glass through which we look at him is of such high magni-\\nfying power that the features are indistinct. ITundreds of people are\\nnow engaged smoothing out the lines in Lincoln s face so that he may\\nbe known, not as lie really was, but, according to their poor standard,\\nas he should have been.\\nAbraham Lincoln was not a type; he stands alone no ancestors,\\nno followers and no successors. lie had the advantage of living in a\\nnew country, the advantage of social equality, of personal freedom, of\\nseeing in the horizon of his life the perpetual star of hope. He knew\\nand mingled with men of every kind, and became familiar with the\\nbest books. In a new country you must possess at least three quali-\\nties honesty, courage and generosity.\\nIn cultivated society cultivation is often more important than soil;\\nand, while a polished counterfeit sometimes passes more readily than\\nthe blurred genuine, it is necessary only to observe the uncertain laws\\nof society to be honest enough to keep out of the penitentiary and gen-\\nerous enough to subscribe in public when the subscription can be\\ndefined as a business investment.\\nIn a new country character is essential; in the old, reputation is\\noften sufficient. In the new they find what a man is; in the old he\\ngenerally passes for what he resembles. People separated by distance\\nare much nearer together than those divided by the walls of caste.\\nLincoln never finished his education, although he was always an\\ninquirer and a seeker after knowledge. You have no idea how many\\nmen are spoiled by what is called education. For the most part col-\\nleges are where pebbles are polished and diamonds dimmed.\\nIf Shakespeare had graduated at Oxford he might have been a\\nquibbling attorney or a poor parson. Lincoln was a many-sided man,\\nas reliable as the direction of gravity. Ilis words were kind as mercy,\\nand gave a perfect image of his thought. He was never afraid to ask,\\nnever too dignified to admit that he did not know.\\nLincoln was natural in his life and thought, master of the story-\\ntelling art, liberal in speech, using any word which wit would disin-\\nfect. He was a logician. He did not say what he thought others\\nthought, but what he thought. He was sincerely natural. If you wish", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 227\\nto be sublime you must keep close to the grass. Too much polish sug-\\ngests insincerity.\\nIf you wish to know what is the difference between an orator and\\nthe elocutionist read Lincoln s wondrous words at Gettysburg and then\\nread the speech of Edward Everett. The oration of Lincoln will never\\nbe forgotten; it will live until languages are dead and lips are dust.\\nThe speech of Everett will ever be read.\\nLincoln was an immense personality, firm but not obstinate obsti-\\nnacy is egotism, firmness is heroism. He influenced others and they\\nsubmitted to him. He was severe to himself, and for that reason lenient\\nto others, and appeared to apologize for being kinder than his fellows.\\nHe did merciful things as stealthily as others committed crimes.\\nHe did and said the noblest deeds and words with that nobleness\\nthat is the grace of modesty. Everything for prdnciple, nothing for\\nmoney, everything for independence. Where no principle is involved\\neasily swayed, willing to go somewhere if in the right direction; will-\\ning to stop sometimes; but he would not go back, and he would not go\\naway.\\nHe knew that fight was needed and full of chances; he knew that\\nslavery had defenders, but no defense, and that those who advocated\\nthe right must win some time. He was neither tyrant nor slave. Noth-\\ning discloses real character like the use of power, and it was the quality\\nof Lincoln that, having almost absolute power, he never abused it\\nexcept upon the side of mercy. Wealth could not purchase power,\\ncould not awe this divine, this loving man.\\nHe knew no fear except the fear of doing wrong. He was the em-\\nbodiment of self-denial and courage. He spoke not to upbraid, but to\\nconvince. He raised his hands not to strike, but in benediction, and\\nlived to see pearls of tears on the cheeks of the wives whose husbands\\nhe had saved from death. Lincoln was the grandest figure of the great-\\nest civil war of our world.\\nTHE SYMPATHY OF LI X OLN.\\nThe greatness of a man s nature comes out more beautifully, per-\\nhaps, in sympathy than anywhere else. A new and beautiful story has\\nrecently been published concerning Abraham Lincoln. It was while he\\nwas a member of Congress, and was home in Springfield, 111., during\\nthe Congressional recess. He was going down the street one morning.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "228 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nwhen he saw a little girl standing at the gate with her hat and gloves\\non, as if ready for a journey, sobbing as if her heart would break.\\nWhy, what s the matter? inquired the great, tall Congressman.\\nAnd then she poured her broken little heart out to him, telling how she\\nhad arranged to take her first trip on the cars that day, and the express-\\nman had failed to come for her trunk and she was going to miss the\\ntrain.\\nHow big is the trunk? There s still time, if it isn t too big. And\\nhe pushed through the gate and up to the door.\\nShe took him up to her room, where her little, old-fashioned trunk\\nstood, locked and tied. Oh! he cried. Wipe your eyes and come on,\\nquick.\\nAnd, before she knew what he w-as going to do, he had shouldered\\nthe trunk, was downstairs and striding out of the yard. Down street\\nhe went, as fast as his long legs could carrj- him.\\nThe little girl trotted behind, drying her tears as she went. They\\nreached the station on time, and Abraham Lincoln sent his little friend\\naway happy. I doubt if any other scene in the splendid life of that\\nnoble man reveals more beautifully the simplicity and grandeur of his\\nnoble heart. It is of the same grade and quality of action that after-\\nward, when applied to national affairs, made men love him all over\\nthe world.\\nPRESIDENT LINCOLN S PRAYER.\\nThe following touching story of Lincoln is relateil by Colonel Day-\\nton: Shortly after the battle of Getty.sburg, General Sickles, badly\\nwounded, was brought to Washington by some members of his staff\\nand was taken to the private house of a Mr. Dule, on F street, opposite\\nor nearly opposite the Ebbitt House. The brave hero of many a hard\\nwon field we thought was very near his last muster.\\nThe morning after his arrival President Lincoln, with his boy. Tad,\\nwas announced. He walked with solemn tread into the room where\\nthe general lay hardly gasping. We all thought he was dying. Dr.\\nSimms was holding his pulse, and as Mr. Lincoln approached the bed-\\nside with Tad he was much affected. He raised his head to heaven,\\nwhile big drops of tears fell from his eyes, and offered up the most\\nfervent prayer I ever heard. Not a dry eye was in that room, all, even\\nTad, were sobbing. I cannot remember the exact words of the prayer,\\nbut this portion will never be effaced from my memory: O God, let\\nme not lose all my friends in this war. Mr. Lincoln was very fond of", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 239\\nGeneral Sickles and visited him almost every day, and sent flowers\\nof the choicest kind to his room daily from the White House con-\\nservatory.\\nGeneral James F. Rusling, of Trenton, N. J., in an article in the\\nIndependent enlarges upon the incident.\\nIt may be his early beliefs were unsettled and variable, but it is\\ncertain that our great war, as it progressed, sobered and steadied him,\\nand that in the end he came to accept as the rule of his life to do\\njustice, to love mercy, and to walk humbly before God. As striking\\nevidence of this I beg to give a significant conversation of his in my\\npresence in July, 1863, in Washington, D. C, on the Sunday after the\\nbattle of Gettysburg. General Sickles, of New York, had lost a leg on\\nthe second day at Gettysburg, while in command of the Third Corps,\\nand arrived in Washington on the Sunday following (July 5j. As a\\nmember of his staff I called to see him, and while there Mr. Lincoln\\nalso called, with his son Tad, and remained an hour or more. He\\ngreeted Sickles very heartily and kindly, of course, and complimented\\nhim on his stout fight at Gettysburg, and then, after inquiring about\\nour killed and wounded generally, passed on to the question as to what\\nMeade was going to do with his victory. They discussed this pro and\\ncon at some length, Lincoln hoping for great results if Meade only\\npressed Lee actively, but Sickles was dubious and diplomatic, as became\\nso astute a man. And then presently General Sickles turned to him,\\nand asked what he thought during the Gettysburg campaign, and\\nwhether he was not anxious about it.\\nMr. Lincoln gravely replied, no, he was not; that some of his cab-\\ninet and many others in Washington were, but that he himself had had\\nno fears. General Sickles inquired how this was, and seemed curious\\nabout it. Mr. Lincoln hesitated, but finally replied: Well, I will tell\\nyou how it was. In the pinch of your campaign up there, when every-\\nbody seemed panic-stricken, and nobody could tell what was going to\\nhappen, oppressed by the gravity of our affairs, I went to my room one\\nday, and locked the door, and got down on my knees before Almighty\\nGod, and prayed to him mightily for victory at Gettysburg. I told him\\nthis was his war, and our cause his cause, but that we couldn t stand\\nanother Fredericksburg or Chancellorsville. And I then and there\\nmade a solemn vow to Almighty God that if he would stand by our\\nboys at Gettysburg I would stand by him. And he did, and I will.\\nAnd after that (I don t know how it was, and I can t explain it), soon a\\nsweet comfort crept into my soul that things would go all right at Get-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "230 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ntysburg. And this is why I bad no fears about you. He said this sol-\\nemnly and pathetically, as if from the very depths of his heart, and both\\nSickles and I were deeply touched by his manner,\\nThen he added, I have been praying over Vicksburg also,\\nand believe our heavenly Father is going to give us victory there, too,\\nbecause we need it, in order to bisect the Confederacy, and have the\\nMississippi flow unvexed to the sea. Of course he did not know that\\nVicksburg had already fallen, July 4, and that a gunboat was soon to\\nari ive at Cairo with the great news that was to make that Foui th of\\nJuly memorable in history forever.\\nLINCOLN S ADDRESS AT GETTYSBURG.\\nDelivered on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the soldiers\\ncemetery. Copied (including punctuation) from a photograph of the\\noriginal manuscript.\\nFour-score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this\\ncontinent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and deilicated to the\\nproposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in\\na great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so con-\\nceived and so dedicated, can long endure.\\nWe are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to\\ndedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who\\nhere gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether\\nfitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we\\ncan not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow this\\nground.\\nThe brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have conse-\\ncrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will\\nlittle note, nor long remember, what we say here; but it can never for-\\nget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated\\nhere to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far\\nso nobly advanced.\\nIt is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining\\nbefore us that from these honoretl dead we take increased devotion\\nto that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion\\nthat we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in\\nvain that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom\\nand that government of the people, by the people, for the people,\\nshall not perish from the earth.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "Abraham Lincoln\\n1609 1865\\nULYS5ES S.CRAMt\\n1 822.- 1685\\nCopyiieUt. 1900, by J. 1.. Ni-hols Co.\\nGIANTS or Tin; ri:i i.i;lic", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVII.\\nGENERAL U. S. GRANT.\\nGeneral W. T. Sherman tells us how near General Grant came\\nleaving the army soon after the battle of Corinth, Miss., which was\\nfought April 6 and 7 in the year 1S62:\\nA short time before leaving Corinth I rode from my camp to General\\nHalleck s headquarters, then in tents just outside of the town, where\\nwe sat and gossiped for some time, when he mentioned to me casually\\nthat General Grant was going away the next morning.\\nI inquired the cause, and he said he did not know, but that Grant\\nhad applied for a thirty days leave, which had been given him. Of\\ncourse we all knew he was chafing under the slight of his anomalous\\nposition, and T determined to see him on my way back. His camp was\\na short distance off the Monterey road, in the woods, and consisted of\\nfour or five tents, with a sapling railing around the front.\\nAs I rode up, Majors Rawlings, Lagow and Hilyer were in front at\\nthe camp, and piled up near them were the usual office and camp chests,\\nall ready for a start in the morning. I inquired for the general, and\\nwas shown to his tent, where I found him seated on a camp stool, with\\npapers on a rude camp table; he seemed to be employed in assorting\\nletters, and tying them up with red tape into convenient bundles.\\nAfter passing the usual compliments, I inquired if it were true that\\nhe was going away.\\nHe said, Yes. I then inquired the reason, and he said:\\nSherman, you know. You know that I am in the way here. I have\\nstood it as long as I can, and can endure it no longer.\\nI inquired where he was going to, and he said, St. Louis. I then\\nasked if he had any business there, and he said, not a bit. I then\\nbegged him to stay, illustrating his case by ray own.\\nBefore the battle of Shiloh, I had been cast down by a mere news-\\npaper assertion of crazy; but that single battle had given me new life,\\nand now I was in high feather; and I argued with him that, if he\\nwent away, events would go right along, and he would be left out;\\nwhereas, if he remained, some happy accident might restore him to\\nfavor and his true place.\\n231", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "232 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nHe certainly appreciated my friendly advice, and promised to wait\\nawhile; at all events, not to go without seeing me again, or communi-\\ncating with me. Very soon after this, I was ordered to Chewallo,\\nwhere, on the 6th of June, I received a note from him, saying that he had\\nreconsidered his intention and would remain. I cannot find the note,\\nbut my answer I have kept.\\nA PICTURE OF GRANT.\\nThere is in existence a photograph of General Grant which is of\\npathetic interest. It was taken during the last winter of the war, while\\nthe headquarters of the Army of the Potomac were at City Point.\\nThe photogi aph may have been instantaneous, for there is no ap-\\npearance of posing for it. Grant appears in the door of his tent with\\none arm raised, grasping the tent pole.\\nHe is in the simplest field uniform, the coat is unbuttoned, and he\\nwears the soft hat with the twi-sted cord of the service. The face is thin\\nand heavy with care, and the whole figure denotes self-forgetfulness, if\\nnot dejection.\\nThe utter absence of parade, the entire simplicity of the attitude, the\\nrudeness of the surroundings, would advise no spectator that this was\\nthe iron commander of great armies, the man upon whom the hopes of\\nthe nation at that time centered. Upon his skill, coolness, tenacity,\\nunshakable faith, millions reposed implicit trust.\\nIt was wearA waiting; wealth was wasted in streams, debt was\\naccumulating, foreign powers were threatening, treason was brewing,\\nprecious life was poured out like water, and the land was full of\\nmourning.\\nThis general, silent, inflexible, stands there at his tent door, appar-\\nently unconscious of observation, not so much looking abroad as com-\\nmuning with himself, bearing in every line of his, face and figure the\\nimpress of the heaviest responsibility and of vicarious suffering.\\nNo note of complaint, no sign of relenting, no consciousness of the\\nshow of power, but just at that moment a patient endurance in his\\nown wasted person for the woes of an anxious nation.\\nUpon him, at that instant, rested greater responsibility than upon\\nany other living man; upon him centered hopes, entreaties, prayers,\\ncurses, bitter criticism, brutal disparagement.\\nHe is in the attitude of bearing it all, with the capacity of suffering", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "GENERAL U. S. GRANT. 233\\nand of carrying the burdens of others without complaint, which is the\\nmark of greatness.\\nPerhaps if he had failed, perhaps if he had lost his cause and dis-\\nappointed the hopes set upon him, this picture might to-day have been\\nmore utterly pathetic than it is, but remembering what the man had\\nendured and was still to suffer before the final triumph of the people\\nthrough him, this simple figure is not wanting in any of the heroic\\nelements that touch the hearts of men.\\nGRANT AND THE CHILD.\\nAt the surrender of Lee, said a surgeon at Erie, Pa., I was serving\\nas medical director of the Second Division of the Twenty-Fifth Army\\nCorps. After the surrender, the division was ordered to join the bal-\\nance of the corps near Petersburg, and we left Appomattox Court\\nHouse on the 11th of April, following the South Side Railroad.\\nThe general commanding directed me to take an orderly and proceed\\nto Prospect station, and there select a camping gi ound for the division,\\nand also a place to pitch our headquarters tents. I proceeded as\\ndirected, and after selecting a suitable camping ground, crossed the\\nfields to a large white house near the station.\\nAs I rode up to the gate, a most venerable and noble-looking gen-\\ntleman of probably sixty-five years came to the front gate, and I asked\\nhim if he would have any objection to our pitching headquarters in\\nhis yard.\\nHe said: I should be very glad to have you do it, as it will be a\\nprotection against the stragglers of the army. He asked me to come\\nin, but I told him I would prefer a seat on the veranda.\\nFinding him to be a Methodist minister and a most polished gentle-\\nman, I became interested in him, and we began at once to discuss the\\nunfortunate division of the church in 1844, and then I switched off\\non the war.\\nI asked him if he had ever seen Grant.\\nYes, said he, my house was full of your generals last night.\\nThere were Sheridan, Humphreys, Meade, Custer, Ord, and quite a\\nnumber of others, and they were a lively set and full of fun, and all were\\nquite jolly with the exception of one officer, whom I noticed sitting in\\na corner smoking and taking but little part in the sports in which the\\nrest were engaged.\\nThey all went out of the house but this solitary, silent man, and as", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "234 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nI was going out he asked me where the pump was, as he would like to\\nget a drink.\\nOn offering to get him some water, he said:\\nNo, sir, I am younger than you; I will go myself. And as I passed\\noat he came up behind me.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2When in about the middle of the hall, my little granddaughter\\ncame toward me, but the silent mau, spreading out both arms, caught\\nher, and taking her up, fairly smothered her with kisses, saying:\\nThis reminds me of my little girl at home, and makes me home-\\nsick.\\nTo the question, Where is your home? he replied, Galena, 111. but\\nI have my family at City Point, and am anxious to get back to them.\\nI said, Will you permit me to ask your name, sir?\\nCertainly, my name is Grant.\\nGrant, exclaimed I, General Grant? and I stood there, awe-\\nstruck and paralyzed with astonishment, while my heart went out after\\nthis man.\\nI thought to myself, Here is a man whose name is now in the mouth\\nof man, woman and child throughout the civilized world, and yet withal\\nhe exhibits no emotion, and seems unconcerned and unmoved until the\\nlittle child reminds him of his loved ones at home; and I fairly broke\\ndown, as General Grant had been pictured out to us as a bloody butcher,\\nand I had looked for a man looking as savage as a Comanche Indian.\\nIT WAS GENERAL GRANT.\\nThe late Professor Benjamin Pierce, long of Harvard College, and\\nlater at the head of the United States Coast Survey, was a man of the\\nkeenest intellect and soberest judgment.\\nOne evening, just after the close of the war, he was at an evening\\nparty in Washington, and was introduced to a quiet man whose name\\nhe did not catch, but he sat down beside him, and soon was engaged\\nwith him in a long and earnest talk.\\nAt the end of the evening he asked his host, Who was that man to\\nwhom you introduced me? I didn t catch his name, but he seems to me\\nthe cleverest and solidest man I have met in years a man of very great\\npowers.\\nWhy, said his host, that was General Grant.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "GENERAL U. S. GRANT. 235\\nGRANT AND LEE AT APPOMATTOX.\\nGeneral Horace Porter, who was an aide of General Grant, draws\\nthe following contrast, in the Century Magazine, between Generals\\nGrant and Lee at Appomattox: The contrast between the two com-\\nmanders was very striking, and could not fail to attract marked atten-\\ntion, as they sat ten feet apart, facing each other. General Grant, then\\nnearly forty-three years of age, was five feet eight inches in height, with\\nshoulders slightly stooped. His hair and full beard were a nut-brown,\\nwithout a trace of gray in them.\\nHe had on a single-brea.sted blouse made of dark blue flannel, un-\\nbuttoned in front, and showing a waistcoat underneath. He wore an\\nordinary pair of top boots, with his trousers inside, and was without\\nspurs. The boots and portions of his clothes were spattered with mud.\\nHe had on a pair of thread gloves of a dark yellow color, which\\nhe had taken off on entering the room. His felt sugar-loaf stiff-\\nbrimmed hat was thrown on a table beside him. He had no sword, and\\na pair of shoulder straps was all there was about him to designate his\\nrank. In fact, aside from these, his uniform was that of a private\\nsoldier.\\nLee, on the other hand, was fully six feet in height, and quite erect\\nfor one of his age, for he was Grant s senior by sixteen years. His hair\\nand full beard were a silver gray, and quite thick, except that the hair\\nhad become a little thin in front. He wore a new uniform of Confed-\\nerate gray, buttoned up to the throat, and at his side he carried a long\\nsword of exceedingly fine workmanship, the hilt studded with jewels.\\nIt was said to be the sword which had been presented to him by the\\nState of Virginia.\\nHis top boots were comparatively new, and seemed to have on them\\nsome ornamental stitching of red silk. Like his uniform, they were\\nsingularly clean, and but little travel-stained. On the boots were hand-\\nsome spurs, with large rowels. A felt hat, which in color matched\\npretty closely to that of his uniform, and a pair of long buckskin gaunt-\\nlets lay beside him on the table.\\nWe asked Colonel Marshall afterward how it was that both he and\\nhis chief wore such fine toggery, and looked so much as if they had\\njust turned out to go to church, while with us our outward garb scarcely\\nrose to the dignity even of the shabby-genteel.\\nHe enlightened us regarding the contrast by explaining that when\\ntheir headquarters wagons had been pressed so closely by our cavalry", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "236 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\na few days before, and it was found they would have to destroy all their\\nbaggage except the clothes they carried on their backs, each one natu-\\nrally selected the newest suit he had, and sought to propitiate the gods\\nof destruction by a sacrifice of his second best.\\nTHE LAST DAYS OF GENERAL GRANT AT MOUNT McGREGOR,\\nN. Y.\\nAll the world knows of the patient suffering of this great hero in\\nthe last months of his eventful life in the Drexel cottage on Mount\\nMcGregor.\\nHere he wrote, with such patience and perseverance, the Memoirs\\nwhich he gave to the world. Here, he wrote the remarkable letter to\\nDr. Douglas, his attendant physician, in Dr. Douglas i)resence, on\\nThursday, July 2, 1885, as follows:\\nRECONCILED TO HIS FATE.\\nI ask you not to .show this to any one, unless the physicians you\\nconsult with, until the end. Particularly, I want it kept from my\\nfamily. If known to one man the papers will get it, and they (my\\nfamily) will get it.\\nIt would only distress them almost beyond endurance to know it,\\nand by reflex would distress me. I have not changed my mind mate-\\nrially since I wrote you before in the same strain. Now, however, I\\nknow that I gain strength some days, but when I do go back it is\\nbeyond where I started to improve.\\nI think the chances are very decidedly in favor of your being able\\nto keep me alive until the change of weather, toward winter. Of\\ncourse there are contingencies that might arise at any time that might\\ncarry me off vei*y suddenly. The most probable of these is choking.\\nUnder the circumstances life is not worth the living.\\nI am very thankful glad was written, but scratched out and\\nthankful substituted) to have been spared this long, because it has\\nenabled me to practically complete the work in which I took so mucli\\ninterest. I cannot stir up strength enough to review it and make addi-\\ntions and subtractions that would suggest themselves to me, and are not\\nlikely to suggest themselves to any one else.\\nUnder the above circumstances, I will be the happiest, the most\\npain I can avoid. If there is to be any extraordinarj- cure, such as some\\npeople believe there is to be, it will develop it.self. I would say, there-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "GENERAL U. S. GRANT. 237\\nfore, to you and your colleagues, to make me as comfortable as you\\ncan.\\nIf it is within God s providence that I should go now, I am ready to\\nobey His call without a murmur. I should prefer to go now to enduring\\nmy present suffering for a single day, without hope of recovery.\\nAs I have stated, I am thankful for the providential extension of\\nmy time to enable me to continue my work. I am further thankful,\\nand in a much greater degree thankful, because it has enabled me to\\nsee for myself the happy harmony which so suddenly sprung up be-\\ntween those engaged, but a few short years ago, in deadly conflict.\\nIt has been an inestimable blessing to me to hear the kind expres-\\nsions toward me in person from all parts of our country, from people of\\nall nationalities, of all religions, and of no religions; of Confederates\\nand of national troops alike; of soldiers organizations; of mechanical,\\nscientific, religious and other societies, embracing almost every citizen\\nin the land. They have brought jcy to my heart if they have not effected\\na cure.\\nSo, to you and your colleagues I acknowledge my indebtedness for\\nhaving brought me through the valley of the shadow of death to enable\\nme to witness these things.\\nU. S. GEANT.\\nMt. McGregor, N. Y., July 2.\\nFourteen hours before his death General Grant desired to lie down,\\nwhich he had not done for more than ten months.\\nThe clock on the mantel pointed to eight minutes past 8 o clock on\\nthe morning of July 23, 1885, when he breathed his last. At that\\nmoment Colonel Fred Grant stopped the clock, and ever since the\\npointer has not been moved.\\nOn the 8th day of August, 1885, General Grant was borne to his rest-\\ning place at Riverside, N. Y., on the banks of the Hudson River, amid\\nsolemn pomp and pageantry. The pall bearers were Admiral Worden,\\nMr. A. W. Drexel, Geo. W. Childs, Geo. Jones and Oliver Hoyt, with the\\nUnion generals, Sherman, Sheridan and Logan, and the Confederate\\ngenerals, Johnston and Buckner.\\nJAMES A. GARFIELD.\\nIn the gloom of the tragedy that closed the life of the noble Garfield\\nwe Americans must not forget that there are deeds of valor in his\\nearlier life that entitle him to a place on the roll of heroes, aside from\\nhis presidency and martyr s death.\\n16", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "238 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nWhen the Civil War broke out he offered his services to his coun-\\ntry and they were at once accepted. He began his new life as lieuten-\\nant-colonel, but of the art and science of war he knew little.\\nIt was probably the only office he ever accepted without suitable\\nqualifications. But he set himself to learn. With saw and plane he\\nfashioned whole armies out of maple blocks, and with these wooden-\\nheaded, but thoroughly manageable, soldiers he mastered the whole\\nrange of infantry tactics.\\nGarfield was now* thirty years of age. His regiment, the Forty-\\nsecond Ohio, was ready for the field. Owing to Garfield s constant\\ntraining, it had the reputation of being the best drilled regiment in\\nOhio, and in recognition of his faithful services he was made a full\\ncolonel.\\nOrders came to report to Buel at Louisville. The regiment was to\\ngo for its baptism of fire. As Garfield took leave of his mother she\\nquietly and patriotically said:\\nGo, my .sou, your life belongs to your country.\\nThe Confederate General, Humphrey Marshall, was moving in on\\neastern Kentucky. Buel laid the situation before Garfield and said:\\nNow, if you were in command of this sub-district what would you\\ndo? Report your answer here at nine o clock to-mon-ow morning.\\nGarfield studied the situation. At nine o clock he laid his plan be-\\nfore Buel, whose skilled eye mastered it in a moment. He was satisfied.\\nAll right, he said, proceed with the least possible delay, to the\\nmouth of the Sandy, and move with your force in that vicinity up that\\nriver. Drive the enemy back or cut him off. I must commit all matters\\nof detail, Colonel, to your discretion.\\nGarfield had fifteen hundred men. Marshall had forty-six hundred,\\nand they were entrenched.\\nThree roads led out from Garfield s headquarters to where the enemy\\nlay. Strategy must be made to make up for lack of men.\\nBradley Brown, a man Garfield had known on the Ohio canal, had\\nbeen brought in by the pickets. He asked to see the colonel.\\nGarfield received him, and said:\\nWhat, is this Brown; are you a rebel?\\nYes, said the visitor, I belong to Marshall s force, and I ve come\\nstraight from him to spy on your army.\\nWell, you have a queer way of going about it, said Garfield.\\nWell, you see, when I heard that you was in command down here,\\nI determined, for old times sake, to help ye.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "JAMES A. GARFIELD. 239\\nI advise you to go back to Mar^Lall, said Garfield, and tell him\\nall about my strength and iutended movements.\\nBut how kin I? I don t know a thing about it.\\nGuess, said Garfield.\\nYou d orter have ten thousand men to do anything against Mar-\\nshall, I reckon.\\nThat will do for a guess, said Garfield. Now tell Marshall I shall\\nattack in about ten days.\\nBrown did as Garfield suggested, and Marshall awaited an attack in\\nforce. Garfield sent a detachment along each of the three roads, strong\\nenough to drive in Marshall s outposts.\\nOne after another these Confedei*ate pickets came in to camp and\\nreported that the Yankees were coming in large numbers. Marshall\\nwas puzzled. He did not know where to look for the attack, and, in his\\ndilemma, withdrew with his whole force. Garfield quietly took\\npossession.\\nThe whole thing was a huge practical joke; but one which the\\nenemy would not appreciate.\\nGarfield had showed himself a strategist of the first order. He had\\nexecuted a plan that required boldness and dash, and had done himself\\nthe greatest credit.\\nGarfield had gained a great advantage, but it must be followed up,\\ndespite the odds.\\nMarshall took a new position on a semi-circular hill at the forks of\\nMiddle Creek. It was well chosen and supported by twelve pieces of\\nartillery. But Garfield had been sent to cut Marshall off, or drive him\\nout, and he prepared for the attack.\\nUp one spur of the mountain he sent a detachment of Hiram Col-\\nlege boys. Garfield on a rocky height watched the tide of battle. He\\nsaw that it was unequal, and that they would lose the hill if not\\nsupported.\\nlustantly he sent five hundred men under Major Pardee to the\\nrescue. Then turning to his staff, he asked:\\nWho will volunteer to carry the other mountain?\\nColonel Munroe quickly stood forward.\\nGo in, then, cries Garfield, and give them Hail Columbia!\\nFrom noon till dark the eleven hundred men under Garfield con-\\ntended against overpowering odds. Alternate hopes and fears fill the\\nheart of the Union commander.\\nSuddenly a starry banner was seen waving over an advancing host.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "240 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nIt was Seldon with reinforooments. Panic seized the enemy. The eleven\\nhundred were fired by new energy, and with a final charge the day was\\nwon.\\nShortly after dark a bright light blazed up behind the hill of battle.\\nIt was the Confederate general s last fire. In it he consumed everything\\nthat would hinder flight or be of value to his foe, and by the light\\nstarted with his troops for Pound Gap.\\nMilitary writers have awarded Tiarfield great praise for the cam-\\npaign. It was well planned and daringly executed. The victory at\\nMiddle Creek over an entrenched foe four times the number of his own\\nis a feat unparalleled in the history of the war.\\nThe little army was victorious, but it had less than three days\\nsupply of provisions, and the roads were impassable from mud. There\\nwas the river; but it was swollen with rain.\\nWhat wa.s to be done?\\nGarfield asked the advice of the ex-canal man Brown, who had again\\n(Sought Garfield from Marshall s camp.\\nIt s which and t other. General Jim, he said, starvin or drown-\\nin I d ruther drown n starve. So give the word, and, dead or alive,\\nI ll git down the river.\\nGarfield gave the word; but went with him on the perilous voyage.\\nAt the mouth of the river he found and took possession of a little\\nsteamer in the service of the quartermaster. She was loaded with pro-\\nvisions and headed up the stream.\\nWe cannot make it, said the captain. But Garfield ordered the\\nchicken-hearted fellow away and himself took the helm.\\nThe river surged and boiled. With every turn of the wheel the boat\\ntrembled from stem to stern. Three miles an hour was all they could\\nmake with all steam on.\\nAt night the captain begged to tie up till morning, but Brown cried\\nout:\\nPut her ahead, General Jim, and he drove her on through the dark-\\nness. All night, all the next day and all the following night they strug-\\ngled with the furious tide.\\nThe waiting men were wild with joy as the boat rounded into view\\nof the Union camp. The one-time canal boy had saved the army from\\nstarvation. Tie had risked his life a dozen times, and but for his early\\nexperience on the Evening Star he would never have been able to bring\\nthe steamer up the foaming river.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "JAMES A. GARFIELD. 241\\nOf the whole forty-eight hours spent in climbing the Big Sandy, Gar-\\nfield had been absent from the wheel but eight hours.\\nHe was formed for a soldier s idol.\\nMarshall disappeared in a shower of ridicule and sarcasm from both\\nsides. Garfield was made Brigadier-General.\\nThe fortunes of war finally found him on that field of blood, glory\\nand disaster at Chickamauga. Seventy thousand Confederates and\\nfifty-five thousand Federal soldiers were massed against each other.\\nIt is said Garfield wrote every order on that field except that fatal\\none to Wood. That order lost the battle on the right. McCook s whole\\ncorps was fleeing, a horde of panic-stricken frightened soldiers, back\\ntowards Chattanooga.\\nA tramping flood of human beings, reft of reason, caught the gen-\\neral and chief-of-staff in its rush. Garfield, dismounted, with his figure\\ntowering above the surging mass, snatching the colors from the flee-\\ning standard-bearer.\\nThe general hastily planted the staff in the ground. Seizing men\\nto the right and left he faced them about and formed the nucleus of\\na stand. His ringing appeals made no impression on the dead ears\\nof the unhearing men, reft of all human attributes save fear.\\nA panic is a disease which nothing can stay. His exertions were\\nvain. The moment he took his hands from a man he fled. The mad-\\ndened crowd swept on.\\nGarfield turned away to where the thunder of guns proclaimed the\\nheart of the battle to beat fiercest. Almost alone he reached Thomas;\\ninformed him how he could withdraw his I ight, form a new line and\\nmeet Longstreet.\\nThomas, the army, its honor were saved. As night closed on that\\nawful day with the warm steam of blood from the ghastly wounded\\nand recently killed rising from the burdened earth, Garfield still stood\\npersonally directing the loading and pointing of a battery that sent\\nits shot crashing after the retiring foe. Thus closed the battle of\\nChickamauga.\\nWhat was left of the Union army was left in possession of the field.\\nGarfield hurried to Washington with dispatches.\\nOn his arrival he found himself a full major-general of volunteers\\nfor gallant and meritorious conduct at the battle of Chickamauga.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVIII.\\nTHE BATTLES OF MISSIONARY RIDGE AND LOOKOUT MOUN-\\nTAIN.\\nThese battles, in many particulars unequalled in the history of\\nwarfare, took place on the 2J:th and 25th of November, 1SG3.\\nGeneral Grant had been previously invested with the consolidated\\ndepartments of the Cumberland, Ohio and Tennessee. On October 19,\\n18G3, he left Louisville for Nashville, still suffering and lame from a\\nfall from his frightened horse. The injuries he had received con-\\nfined him to his bed for twenty days. Before starting he sent the fol-\\nlowing dispatch to Thomas, the rock of Chickamauga.\\nIlold Chattanooga at all hazards. I will be there as soon as pos-\\nsible.\\nTo which the grand old hero responded at once:\\nI will hold the town till we starve.\\nB. F. Taylor, the eloquent writer of prose and poetry, graphically\\ndescribes these battles as an eye witness, in language unsurpassed for\\nthrilling effect:\\nThe iron heart of Sherman s column began to be audible, like\\nthe fall of great trees in the depth of the forest, as it beat beyond\\nthe woods on the extreme left. Over roads indescribable, and con-\\nquering lions of difficulties that met him all the way, he at length\\narrived with his command of the army of the Tennessee.\\nThe roar of his guns was like the striking of a great clock, and\\ngrew nearer and louder as the morning wore away.\\nAlong the center all was still.\\nOur men lay as they had lain since Tuesday night motionless,\\nbehind the works. Generals Grant, Thomas, Granger, Meigs, Hunter,\\nReynolds, were grouped at Orchard Knob, here; Bragg, Breckinridge,\\nHardee, Stevens, Cleburn, Bates, Walker, were waiting on Mission\\nRidge, yonder.\\nAnd the Northern clock tolled on!\\nAt noon a pair of steamers, screaming in the river across the town,\\ntelling over in their own wild way our mountain triumph on the right,\\n242", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 243\\npierced the hushed breath of air between two lines of battle with a\\nnote or two of the music of peaceful life.\\nAt one o clock the signal flag at Fort Wood was a-flutter. Scan-\\nning the horizon, another flag, glancing like a lady s handkerchief,\\nshowed white across a field lying high and dry upon a ridge three\\nmiles to the northeast, and answered back.\\nThe center and Sherman s corps had spoken.\\nAs the hour went by all semblance to falling tree and tolling clock\\nhad vanished. It was a rattling roar; the ring of Sherman s panting\\nartillery, and the fieiy gust from the Confederate guns on Tunnel Hill,\\nthe point of Mission Ridge.\\nThe enemy had massed there the corps of Hardee and Buckner, as\\nupon a battlement, utterly inaccessible save by one steep, naiTow way,\\ncommanded by their guns.\\nA thousand men could hold it against a host.\\nAnd right in front of this bold abutment of the ridge is a broad,\\nclear field, skirted by woods. Across this tremendous threshold, up\\nto death s door, moved Sherman s column.\\nTwice it advanced, and twice I saAV it swept back in bleeding lines\\nbefore the furnace blast, until that russet field seemed some strange\\npage ruled thick with blue and red.\\nBut valor was in vain; they lacked the ground to stand on; they\\nwanted, like the giant of old story, a touch of earth to make them\\nstrong.\\nIt was the devil s own corner.\\nBefore them was a lane, whose upper end the Confederate cannon\\nswallowed.\\nMoving by the right flank, nature opposed them with precipitous\\nheights. There was nothing for it but straight across the field, swept\\nby an enfilading fire, and up to the lane down which drove the storm.\\nThey could unfold no broad front, and so the losses were less than\\nseven hundred, that must othen\\\\ ise have swelled to thousands.\\nThe musketry fire was delivered with terrible emphasis.\\nTwo dwellings, in one of which Federal wounded men were lying,\\nset on fire by the Confederates, began to send up tall columns of\\nsmoke, streaked red with fire. The grand and the terrible were blended.\\nThe brief November afternoon was half gone. It was yet thunder-\\ning on the left; along the center all was still. At that very hour a", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "244 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nfierce assault was made upon the enemy s left, near Kossville, four\\nmiles down toward the old field of Chickamauga.\\nThej carried the Ridge Mission Ridge seems everywhere; they\\nstrewed its summit with Confederate dead; they held it.\\nAnd thus the tips of the Federal army s widespread wings fiapped\\ngrandly. But it had not swooped; the grey quarry yet perched upon\\nMission Ridge. The Confederate army was terribly battered at the\\nedges; but there, full in our front, it grimly waited, biding out its time.\\nIf the horns of the rebel crescent could not be doubled crushingly\\ntogether, in a shapeless mass, possibly it might be sundered in its\\ncenter, and tumbled in fragments over the other side of Mission Ridge.\\nSherman was halted upon the left; Hooker was holding hard in\\nChattanooga Valley; the Fourth Corps, that rounded out our center,\\ngrew impatient of restraint. The day was waning; but little time re-\\nmained to complete the commanding general s grand design.\\nGordon Granger s hour had come; his work was full before him,\\nAnd what a work that was, to make a weak man falter and a\\nbrave man think!\\nOne and a-half miles to traverse, with narrow fringes of woods,\\nrough valleys, sweeps of open field, rocky acclivities, to the base of\\nthe ridge, and no foot in all the breadth withdrawn from Confederate\\nsight; no foot that could not be played upon by Confederate cannon,\\nlike a piano s keys under Thalberg s stormy fingers.\\nThe base attained, what then?\\nA heavy Confederate work, packed with the enemy, rimming it\\nlike a battlement.\\nThat work carried, and what then?\\nA hill, struggling up out of the valley four hundred feet, rained on\\nby bullets, swept by shot and shell; another line of works, and then,\\nup like a Gothic roof, rough with rocks, a wreck with fallen trees,\\nfour hundred more; another ring of fire and iron, and then the crest,\\nand then the enemy.\\nTo dream of such a journey would be madness; to devise it a thing\\nincredible; to do it a deed impossible. But Grant was guilty of them\\nall, and Granger was equal to the work. The story of the battle of Mis-\\nsion Ridge is struck with immortality already; let the leader of the\\nFourth Corps bear it company.\\nThat the center yet lies along its silent line is still true; in five\\nminutes it will be the wildest fiction. Let us take that little breath", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 245\\nof grace for just one glance at the surroundings, since we shall have\\nneither heart nor eyes for it again.\\nDid ever battle have so vast a cloud of witnesses? The hive-\\nshape l hills have swarmed. Clustered like bees, blackening the house-\\ntops, lining the fortifications, over yonder across the theater, in the\\nseats with the Catilines, everywhere, are a hundred thousand behold-\\ners.\\nTheir souls are in their eyes. Not a murmur can you hear.\\nIt is the most solemn congregation that ever stood up in the pres-\\nence of the God of battles. I think of Bunker Hill, as I stand here\\nof the thousands who witnessed the immoi tal struggle and fancy\\nthere is a parallel.\\nI think, too, that the chair of every man of them will stand vacant\\nagainst the wall to-morrow, and that around the fireside they must\\ngive thanks without him, if they can.\\nAt half-past three, a group of generals, whose names will need\\nno Old Mortality to chisel them anew, stood upon Orchard Knob.\\nThe hero of Vicksburg was there, calm, clear, persistent, far-seeing.\\nThomas, the sterling and sturdy; Meigs, Hunter, Granger, Rej nolds.\\nClusters of humbler mortals were there, too, but it was anything\\nbut a turbulent crowd; the voice naturally fell into a subdued tone,\\nand even young faces took on the gravity of later years.\\nGenerals Grant, Thomas and Granger conferred, an order was\\ngiven, and in an instant the Knob was cleared like a ship s deck for\\naction.\\nAt twenty minutes of four Granger stood upon the parapet. The\\nbugle swung idle at the bugler s side, the warbling fife and the grumb-\\nling drum unheard there was to be louder talk six guns at intervals\\nof two seconds, the signal to advance.\\nStrong and steady his voice rang out:\\nNumber one, fire! Number two, fire! Number three, fire!\\nIt seemed to me the tolling of the clock of destiny.\\nAnd when, at Number six, fire! the roar throbbed out with the\\nflash, you should have seen the dead line that had been lying behind\\nthe works all day, all night, all day, again, come to resurrection in the\\ntwinkling of an eye, leap like a blade from its scabbard, and sweep\\nwith a two-mile stroke toward the ridge. From divisions to brigades,\\nfrom brigades to regiments, the order ran.\\nA minute and the skirmishers deploy; a minute, and the first great", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "246 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ndrops begin to patter along the line; a minute, and the musketry is\\nin full play, like the crackling whips of a hemlock fire.\\nMen go down here and there before your eyes.\\nThe wind lifts the smoke, and drifts it away over the top of the\\nRidge. Everything is too distinct; it is fairly palpable; you can touch\\nit with your hand. The divisions of Wood and Sheridan are wading\\nbreast deep in the valley of death.\\nI never can tell you what it was like.\\nThey pushed out, leaving nothing behind them. There was no\\nreservation in that battle. On moves the line of skirmishers, like a\\nheavy frown, and after it, at quick time, the splendid columns. At\\nright of us and left of us and front of us, you can see the bayonets glit-\\nter in the sun. You cannot persuade yourself that Bragg was wrong,\\na day or two ago, when, seeing Hooker moving in, he said,\\nNow we shall have a Potomac review.\\nBut this is not the parade he prophesied. It is of a truth the\\nharvest of death to which they go down.\\nAnd so through the fringe of woods went the line. Now out into\\nthe open ground they burst at the double-quick. Shall I call it a Sab-\\nbath day s journey, or a long one and a-half mile? To me that watched\\nit seemed endless as eternity; and yet they made it in thirty minutes.\\nThe tempest that now broke upon their heads was terrible.\\nThe enemy s fire burst out of the rifle-pits from base to summit of\\nMission Ridge; five Confederate batteries of Parrotts and Napoleons\\nopened along the crest. Grape and canister, and shot and shell sowed\\nthe ground with rugged iron, and garnished it with the wounded and\\nthe dead.\\nBut steady and strong our columns moved on.\\nBy heaven! it was a splendid sight to see,\\nFor one who had no friend, no brother there;\\nbut to all loyal hearts alas! and thank God those men were friend\\nand brother, both in one.\\nAnd over their heads as they went. Forts Wood and Negley struck\\nstraight out, like mighty pugilists, right and left, raining their iron\\nblows upon the Ridge from base to crest; Forts Palmer and King took\\nup the quarrel, and Moccasin Point cracked its fiery whips, and lashed\\nthe Confederate left, till the wolf cowered in its corner with a growl.\\nBridge s battery, from Orchard Knob below, thrust its ponderous\\nfists in the face of the enemy, and planted blows at will. Our artil-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 247\\nlery was doing splendid service. It laid its shot and shell wherever\\nit pleased. Had giants carried them bj hand they could hardly have\\nbeen more accurate.\\nAll along the mountain s side, in the Confederate rifle-pits, on the\\ncrest, they fairly dotted the Ridge.\\nGeneral Granger leaped down, sighted a gun, and in a moment,\\nright in front, a great volume of smoke, like the cloud by day, lifted\\noff the summit from among the Confederate batteries, and hung mo-\\ntionless, kindling in the sun. The shot had struck a caisson, and that\\nwas its dying breath. In five minutes away floated another. A shell\\nwent crashing through a building in the cluster that marked Bragg s\\nheadquarters; a second killed the skeleton horses of a battery at his\\nelbow; a third scattered a grey mass as if it had been a wasp s nest.\\nAnd all the while our lines were moving on.\\nThey had burned through the woods and swept over the rough\\nand rolling ground like a prairie fire. Never halting, never faltering,\\nthey charged up to the first rifle-pits with a cheer, forked out the Con-\\nfedei-ates with their bayonets, and lay there panting for breath. If\\nthe thunder of guns had been terrible, it was now growing sublime;\\nit was like the footfall of God on the ledges of cloud.\\nOur forts and batteries still thrust out their mighty arms across\\nthe valley. The Confederate guns that lined the arc of the crest full in\\nour front, opened like the fan of Lucifer, and converged their fire\\ndown upon Baird, and Wood, and Sheridan.\\nIt was rifles and musketry; it was grape and canister; it was shell\\nand shrapnel.\\nMission Ridge was volcanic; a thousand torrents of red poured\\nover its brink, and rushed together to its base.\\nAnd our men were there, halting for breath!\\nAnd still the sublime diapason rolled on. Echoes that never waked\\nbefore, roared out from height to height, and called from the far ranges\\nof Waldron s Ridge to Lookout. As for Mission Ridge, it had jarred\\nto such music before; it was the sounding board of Chickamauga.\\nIt was behind us then; it frowns and flashes in our face to-day.\\nThe old army of the Cumberland was there. It breasted the storm\\ntill the storm was spent, and left the ground it held.\\nThe old army of the Cumberland is here.\\nIt shall roll up the Ridge like a surge to its summit, and sweep\\ntriumphant down the other side. Believe me, that memory and hope\\nmay have made many a blue-coat beat like a drum.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "248 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nBeat, did I say? The feverish heart of the battle beats on; fifty-\\neight guns a minute, by the watch, is the rate of its terrible throbbing.\\nThat hill, if you climb it, will appal you. Furrowed like a summer\\nfallow, bullets as if an oak had shed them; trees clipped and shorn,\\nleaf and limb, as with the knife of some heroic gardener pruning back\\nfor richer fruit.\\nHow you attain the summit, weary and breathless, I wait to hear;\\nhow they went up in the teeth of the storm, no man can tell.\\nAnd all the while Confederate prisoners have been streaming out\\nfrom the rear of our lines like the tails of a cloud of kites. Captured\\nand disarmed, they needed nobody to set them going. The fire of their\\nown comrades was like spurs in a horse s flanks, and, amid the tem-\\npest of their own brewing, they ran for dear life, until they dropped\\nlike quails into the Federal rifle-pits and were safe.\\nBut our gallant legions are out in the storm; they have carried\\nthe works at the base of the Kidge; they have fallen like leaves in\\nwinter weather.\\nBlow, dumb bugles!\\nSound the recall I Take the rifle-pit! was the order; and it is as\\nempty of Confederates as the tomb of the prophets. Shall they turn\\ntheir backs to the blast? Shall they sit down under the eaves of that\\ndripping iron? Or shall they climb to the cloud of death above them,\\nand pluck out its lightnings as they would straws from a sheaf of\\nwheat?\\nBut the order was not given. And now the arc of fire on the crest\\ngrows fiercer and longer. The reconnoissance of Monday had failed\\nto develop the heavy metal of the enemy. The dull fringe of the hill\\nkindles with the flash of great guns.\\nI count the fleeces of white smoke that dot the Ridge, as battery\\nafter battery opens upon our line, until from the ends of the growing\\narc they sweep down upon it in mighty X s of fire. I count till that\\ndevil s girdle numbers thirteen batteries, and my heart cries out,\\nGreat God, when shall the end be?\\nThere is a poem I learned in childhood, and so did you; it is Camp-\\nbell s Hohenlinden. One line I never knew the meaning of until I\\nread it written along that hill! It has lighted up the whole poem\\nfor me with the glow of the battle forever:\\nAnd louder than the bolts of heaven,\\nFar flashed the red artillerv.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 249\\nAt this moment, General Granger s aids are dashing out with an\\norder. They radiate over the field, to left, right and front.\\nTake the Ridge, if vou can! Take the Eidge if you can!\\nAnd so it went along the line. But the advance had already set\\nforth without it. Stout-hearted Wood, the iron-grey veteran, is rally-\\ning on his men; stormy Turchin is delivering brave words in bad Eng-\\nlish; Sheridan Little Phil you may easily look down upon him with-\\nout climbing a tree, and see one of the most gallant leaders of the age\\nif you do is riding to and fro along the first line of rifle pits, as calmly\\nas a chess player.\\nAn aid rides up with the order. Avery, that flask, said the Gen-\\neral.\\nQuietly filling the pewter cup, Sheridan looks up at the battery\\nthat frowns above him, by Bragg s headquarters, shakes his cap amid\\nthat storm of everything that kills, when you could hardly hold your\\nhand without catching a bullet in it, and, with a How are you? tosses\\noff the cup.\\nThe blue battle-flag of the Confederates fluttered a response to the\\ncool salute, and the next instant the battery let fly its six guns, show-\\nering Sheridan with earth.\\nAlluding to that compliment with anything but a blank cartridge,\\nthe General said to me, in his quiet way, I thought it ungenerous!\\nThe recording angel will drop a tear upon the word for the part\\nhe played that day.\\nWheeling toward the men, he cheered them to the charge, and made\\nat the hill like a bold riding hunter. They were out of the rifle-pits\\nand into the tempest, and struggling up the steep, before you could\\nget breath to tell it; and so they were throughout the inspired line.\\nAnd now you have before you one of the most startling episodes\\nof the war. I cannot render it in words; dictionaries are beggarly\\nthings. But I may tell you they did not storm that mountain as you\\nwould think.\\nThey dash out a little way, and then slacken; they creep up, hand\\nover hand, loading and firing, and wavering and halting, from the\\nfirst line of works to the second; they burst into a charge with a cheer,\\nand go over it.\\nSheets of fiame baptize them; plunging shot tear away comrades\\non left and right; it is no longer shoulder to shoulder, it is God for\\nus all!\\nUnder tree trunks, among rocks, stumbling over the dead, strug-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "250 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ngling with the living, facing the steady fire of eight thousand infantry\\npoured down upon their heads as if it were the old historic curse from\\nheaven, they wrestle with the Ridge.\\nTen, fifteen, twenty minutes go by, like a reluctant century. The\\nbatteries roll like a drum. Between the second and last lines of rebel\\nworks is the torrid zone of the battle. The hill sways up like a wall\\nbefore them at an angle of forty-five degrees, but our brave mountain-\\neers are clambering steadily on up upward still!\\nYou may think it strange, but I would not have recalled them if\\nI could. They would have lifted you, as they did me, in full view of\\nthe heroic grandeur. They seemed to be spurning the dull earth un-\\nder their feet, and going up to do Homeric battle with the greater gods.\\nAnd what do those men follow?\\nIf you look, you shall see that the thirteen thousand are not a\\nrushing herd of human creatures; that, along the Gothic roof of the\\nRidge, a row of inverted Vs is slowly moving up almost in line, a\\nmighty lettering on the hill s broad side.\\nAt the angles of those Vs is something that glitters like a wing.\\nYour heart gives a great bound when you think what it is the\\nregimental flag and, glancing along the front, count fifteen of those\\ncolors, that were borne at Pea Ridge, waved at Shiloh, glorified at\\nStone River, riddled at Chickamauga. Nobler than Caesar s rent mantle\\nare they all!\\nAnd up move the banners, now fluttering like a wounded bird,\\nnow faltering, now sinking out of sight. Three times the flag of one\\nregiment goes down. And you know why. Three dead color sergeants\\nlie just there.\\nBut the flag is immortal, thank God! and up it comes again, and\\nthe Vs move on.\\nAt the left of Wood, three regiments of Baird Turchin, the Rus-\\nsian thunderbolt, is there hurl themselves against a bold point strong\\nwith Confederate works. For a long quarter of an hour three flags\\nare perched and motionless on a plateau under the frown of the hill.\\nWill they linger forever?\\nI give a look at the sun behind me; it is not more than a hand s\\nbreadth from the edge of the mountain; its level rays bridge the val-\\nley from Chattanooga to the Ridge with beams of gold; it shines in the\\nConfederate faces; it brings out the Federal blue; it touches up the flags,\\nOh, for the voice that could bid that sun stand still!", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 251\\nI turn to the battle again; those three flags have taken flight!\\nThey are upward bound.\\nThe race of the flags is growing every moment more terrible.\\nThere, at the right, a strange thing catches the eye; one of the inverted\\nV s is turning right side up. The men struggling along the converg-\\ning lines to overtake the flag, have distanced it, and there the colors\\nare, sinking down in the center between the rising flanks.\\nThe line wavers like a great billow, and up comes the banner again,\\nas if heaved on a surge s shoulder. The iron sledges beat on. Hearts\\nloyal and brave are on the anvil, all the way from base to summit of\\nMission Ridge, but those dreadful hammers never intermit.\\nSwarms of bullets sweep the hill; you can count twenty-eight balls\\nin one little tree. Things are growing desperate up aloft.\\nThe Confederates tumble rocks upon the rising line; they light\\nthe fuses and roll shells down the steep; they load the guns with hand-\\nfuls of cartridges in their haste; and, as if there were powder in the\\nword, they shout, Chickamauga! down upon the mountaineers.\\nBut it would not all do; and just as the sun, weary of the scene,\\nwas sinking out of sight, with magnificent bursts all along the line,\\nexactly as you have seen the crested seas leap up at the breakwater,\\nthe advance surged over the crest, and in a minute those flags fluttered\\nalong the fringe where fifty Confederate guns were kennelled.\\nGod bless the flag! God save the Union!\\nWhat colors were first upon the mountain battlement I dare not\\ntry to say; bright honor itself may be proud to bear nay, proud to\\nfollow, the hindmost. Foot by foot they had fought up the steep,\\nslippery with much blood; let them go to glory together.\\nA minute, and they were all there, fluttering along the Ridge from\\nleft to right.\\nThe Confederate hordes rolled off to the north, rolled off to the\\neast, like the clouds of a worn-out storm. Bragg, ten minutes before,\\nwas putting men back in the rifle-pits. His gallant grey was strain-\\ning a nerve for him now, and the man rode on horseback into Dixie s\\nbosom, who, arrayed in some prophet s discarded mantle, foretold\\non Monday that the Yankees would leave Chattanooga in five days.\\nThey left in three, and by way of Mission Ridge, straight over\\nthe mountains as their forefathers went!\\nAs Sheridan rode up to the guns the heels of Breckinridge s horses\\nglittered in the last rays of sunshine. That crest was hardly well\\noff with the old love before it was on with the new!", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "252 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nBut the scene on the narrow plateau can never be painted.\\nAs the blue-coats surged over its edge, cheer on cheer rang like\\nbells through the valley of the Chickamauga. Men flung themselves\\nexhausted upon the ground. They laughed and wept, shook hands,\\nand embraced; turned round, and did all four over again.\\nIt was as wild as a carnival.\\nGranger was received with a shout. Soldiers, he said, you ought\\nto be court-martialed, every man of you. I ordered you to take the\\nrifle-pits, and you scaled the mountain!\\nBut it was not Mar s horrid front exactly with which he said it,\\nfor his cheeks were wet with tears as honest as the blood that reddened\\nall the route.\\nWood uttere l words that rang like Napoleon s; and Sheridan, the\\nrowels at his horse s flanks, was ready for a dash down the Ridge, with\\na view halloo, for a fox hunt.\\nBut you must not think this was all there was of the scene on the\\ncrest, for fight and frolic were straugely mingled. Not a Confederate\\nhad dreamed a man of us all would live to reach the summit; and when a\\nlittle wave of the Federal cheer rolled up and broke over the crest,\\nthey defiantly cried:\\nIluri ah, and be\\nThe next minute a Union regiment followed the voice, the Confed-\\nerates delivered their fire, and tumbled down in the rifle-pits, their\\nfaces distorted with fear.\\nNo sooner had the soldiers scrambled to the Eidge and straightened\\nthemselves than up muskets and away they blazed. One of them,\\nfairly beside himself between laughing and crying, seemed puzzled at\\nwhich end of the piece he should load, and so, abandoning the gun\\nand the problem together, he made a catapult of himself, and fell to\\nhurling stones after the enemy.\\nAnd he said, as he threw Well, you know our army swore ter-\\nribly in Flanders.\\nBayonets glinted and muskets rattled. General Sheridan s horse\\nwas killed under him. Richard was not in his role, and so he leaped\\nupon a Confederate gun for want of another.\\nConfederate artillerists are driven from their batteries at the edge\\nof the sword and the point of the bayonet. Two Confederate guns are\\nswung around upon their old masters. But there is nobody to load\\nthem. Light and heavy artillery do not belong to the winged king-\\ndom.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 253\\nTwo infantry men, claiming to be old artillerists, volunteer.\\nGranger turns captain of the guns and right about wheel! in a mom-\\nent they are growling after the flying enemy. I say flying, but that is\\nfigurative. The many run like Spanish merinos, but the few fight like\\ngrey wolves at bay; they load and fire as they retreat; they are faii ly\\nscorched out of position.\\nA sharpshooter, fancying Granger to be worth the powder, coolly\\ntried his hand at him. The General hears the zip of a ball at one ear,\\nbut doesn t mind it. In a minute, away it sings at the other.\\nHe takes the hint, sweeps with his glass the direction whence the\\ncouple came, and brings up the marksman, just drawing a bead upon\\nhim again.\\nAt that instant a Federal argument persuades the cool hunter\\nand down he goes. That long-range gun of his was captured, weighed\\ntwenty-four pounds, was telescope-mounted, a sort of mongrel howitzer.\\nA colonel is slashing away with his sabre in a ring of Confeder-\\nates. Down goes his horse under him. They have him on the hip.\\nOne of them is taking deliberate aim, when up rushes a lieutenant,\\nclaps a pistol to one ear, and roars in at the other, who the are\\nyou shooting at?\\nThe fellow drops his piece, gasps out, T surrender! and the next\\ninstant the gallant lieutenant falls sharply wounded.\\nHe is a roll of honor officer, straight up from the ranks, and he\\nhonors the roll.\\nA little German in Wood s division is pierced like the lid of a\\npepper-box, but he is neither dead nor wounded.\\nSee here, he says, rushing up to a comrade; a pullet hit te preach\\nof mine gun, a pullet in mine pocketbook, a pullet in mine coat-tail;\\ndey shoots me tree, five time, and I gives dem 3 et!\\nBut I can render you no idea of the battle cauldron that boiled\\non the plateau. An incident here and there I have given you, and\\nyou must fill out the picture for yourself.\\nDead Confederates lay thick around Bragg s headquarters and\\nalong the Ridge. Scabbards, broken arms, artillery horses, wrecks\\nof gun-carriages, and bloody garments strewed the scene.\\nAnd, tread lightly, oh, loyal-hearted! the boys in blue are lying\\nthere.\\nNo more the sounding charge; no more the brave, wild cheer;\\nand never for them, sweet as the breath of the new-mown hay in the\\nold home fields, The Soldier s Beturn from the War.\\n17", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "254 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nA little waif of a drummer-boy, somehow drifted up the mountain\\nin the surge, lies there; his pale fate upward, a blue spot on his breast.\\nMuffle his drum for the poor child and his mother.\\nOur troops met one loyal wekome on the height. How the old\\nTennesseean that gave it managed to get there, nobody knows; but\\nthere he was, gra.sping a colonel s hand, and saying, while the tears\\nran down his face,\\nGod be thanked! I knew the Yankees would fight!\\nWith the receding fight and swift pursuit, the battle died away\\nin murmurs, far down the valley of the Chickamauga. Sheridan was\\nagain in the saddle, and, with his command, spurred on after the enemy.\\nTall columns of smoke were rising at the left. The Confederates were\\nburning a train of stores a mile long. In the exploding Confederate\\ncaissons we had the cloud by day, and now we are having the pillar\\nof fire by night.\\nThe sun, the golden disc of the scales that balance day and night,\\nhad hardly gone down, when up, beyond Mission Ridge, rose the silver\\nside, for that night it was full moon.\\nThe troubled day was gone.\\nA Federal general sat in the seat of the man who, on the very Sat-\\nurday before the battle, had sent a flag to the Federal lines with the\\nwords:\\nHumanity would dictate the removal of all non-combatants from\\nChattanooga, as I am about to shell the city!\\nColonel McKinstrj-, of General Bragg s staff, told James Grant Wil-\\nson that he considered their position perfectly impregnable, and that\\nwhen he saw our troops, after capturing the rifle-pits coming up the\\ncraggy mountain side, bristling with bayonets and hundreds of can-\\nnon, he could scarcely credit his eyes, and thought every man of them\\nmust be drunk.\\nHistory has no parallel for sublimity and picturesqueness of effect;\\nwhile the consequences, which was the division of the Confederacy,\\nwere inestimable.\\nGrant announced his great victory in the following brief and mod-\\nest dispatch to the General-in-chief of the army at Washington:\\nAlthough the battle lasted from early dawn until dark this even-\\ning, I believe I am not premature in announcing a complete victory\\nover Bragg. Lookout ]Mountain-top, and all the rifle-pits in Chatta-\\nnooga valley and ^Missionary Ridge entire have been carried, and are\\nnow held by us.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "STATISTICS OF THE CIVIL IfAR. 255\\nSTATISTICS OF THE CIVIL WAK FROM 18G1 TO 1865.\\nAs compiled by Mr. Kirkley, War Department Statistician.\\nFifth New Hampshire, 295 killed out of 321.\\nEighty-Third Peunsylvaiiia, three colonels, 285 killed out of 373.\\nFifth Michigan, 203 killed out of 398.\\nTwelfth Massachusetts, 2G0 killed out of 427.\\nFirst Minnesota went in at Gettysburg with 284 men, left the field\\nwith 5. General Hancock threw them in a gap to stop Herd from taking\\nLittle Eound Top.\\nThe Twenty-Sixth North Carolina (Confederate) went into Gettys-\\nburg with 800 men, came out with 92. Captain Baird led 34 of the 92\\ninto action July 3d, left all on the field, bringing off the colors himself,\\nhaving his right arm shattered.\\nSixth Alabama (Confederate) lost 367 out of 632.\\nFourth North Carolina (Confederate), lost 369 out of 678.\\nFirst South Carolina (Confederate) lost 319 out of 537.\\nUnion losses at Cold Harbor, June 3d, 1864, 10,058 killed, wounded\\nand missing in 55 minutes. Losses in the Battle of the Wilderness\\nfrom May 5th to 21st, 39,259, of which number 4,532 were killed, 18,145\\nwounded; missing, 16,583.\\nConfederate losses during the same time were 27,473, of which num-\\nber 7,392 were killed.\\nFORCES AT GETTYSBURG.\\nUnion forces, 82,000 and 300 guns.\\nConfederate forces, 78,000 and 250 guns.\\nUnion losses, 23,003.\\nConfederate losses, 27,448.\\nGrant s forces in Wilderness campaign were 92,260. Lee s were\\n78,627.\\nAt Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864, the fighting at bloody angle was\\nso fierce that an oak tree 18 inches in diameter was cut in two with\\nmusket balls. This is where General Hancock captured General John-\\nson and Doyle s division intact without the loss of a company, turning\\nLee s right, wounding Generals Longstreet and Anderson, Lee taking\\ncommand in person. The Second Corps was under fire 23 consecutive\\nhours without food or drink.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "256\\nSPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nUNION LOSSEt^ FKOxM ALL CAUSES.\\nOfficers.\\nKilled G,365\\nDisease 2,712\\nlu Confederate prisons 83\\nAccidents 142\\nDrowning 106\\nSunstroke 5\\nMui-der 37\\nKilled after capture 14\\nSuicide 26\\nMilitary execution\\nExecuted by enemy 4\\nCauses unknown but unclassified. 62\\nCauses not stated 28\\n9,584\\nMajor Generals 14\\nBrigadier Generals 22\\nBrevet Brigadier Generals 23\\nMen.\\nTotal.\\n103,705\\n110,070\\n197,003\\n199,720\\n24,783\\n24,866\\n3,972\\n4,114\\n4,838\\n4,944\\n308\\n313\\n483\\n520\\n90\\n104\\n363\\n391\\n267\\n267\\n60\\n64\\n1,972\\n2,034\\n12,093\\n12,121\\n349,944\\n359,528\\nConfederate losses: Men, 219,410.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "LEADINC; GESERALS WHO COMMANDED INSURGENT FORCES IN CCnA.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "MILITARY HEROES IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN AND PHILIPPINE W AkS", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIX.\\nTHE GALLANT FIGHT AT GUANTANAMO BAY.\\nThe question of the first landing of American troops on Cuban soil\\nis liable to provoke no little amount of discussion in the future. It is\\ntherefore necessary to keep clearly in mind the fact that before the army\\nof invasion came to Cuba, a few soldiers of the regular army landed\\nat Arbolitos Point and had an encounter with the Spaniards, in connec-\\ntion with the effort to land supplies from the Gussie. It was also before\\nthe coming of the great army that six hundred American marines were\\nlanded at Fisherman s Point on the Bay of Guantanamo, and when\\nShaffer s troops came, the landing of a very few men was accomplished\\non June 20th, while the main force was not landed at Daiquiri until\\nJune 23d.\\nThe little force of marines which landed on the 10th of June must\\never be honored as the first to raise the American flag to a permanent\\nplace on Cuban soil, although it had been temporarily placed on a block\\nhouse at Diana Bay near Cardenas by the gallant Ensign Arthur L.\\nWillard of the United States navy, on the 11th of May.\\nThe camp of the marines was called McCalla in honor of the com-\\nmander of the Marblehead, and it stood on the crest of a hill, while just\\nback of it a smaller elevation of land sloped down into a deep ravine.\\nBeyond the ravine was a mountain on the side of which a mule path\\nwas the only visible trail. All sides of the camp except that towards\\nthe sea, were surrounded with trees interlaced with vines and crowded\\nwith thickets of underbush.\\nWhen the flag was first hoisted, the camp was assailed by Spanish\\nsharpshooters, who were hidden in the bush. The invaders replie l\\npromptly, although the foe could not be seen, and some of our men fell\\nbefore the fatal Mauser bullets. The fusillade was kept up for an hour\\nor more and then the foe retired.\\nPrevious to the landing of the little force the region had been swept\\nby the shells of the Marblehead without disclosing any body of the\\nenemy, and her powerful searchlight, which played over the trees by\\nnight, revealed no signs of watchful Spaniards. After the first fighting,\\nthe men on guard sometimes reported the noise of crackling underbrush,\\nand on the evening of the 10th there seemed to be a slight movement\\n257", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "258 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\non the mountain side, but otiier tlian these suspicious circumstances,\\nthere was, for the time being, no sign of the stealthy foe.\\nHaving partially established their camp, many of the men obtained\\npermission for a swim in the cool waters of the bay, on the afternoon\\nof the 11th. While they were away, a Cuban carried th e news to canij)\\nthat hundreds of Spaniards were in the woods stealing up toward the\\nhill to make an attack in Indian fashion, without warning and without\\nmercy; it was to be a massacre if possible of the marines which were\\nleft in camp.\\nThe report was not fully credited, but Colonel Huntington, who was\\nin command, detailed Lieutenant Neville with ten men to skirmish in\\none direction, while Lieutenant Mahoney, with another small force,\\nsearched the ground at the right of the hill. The men had scarcely\\nstarted out when Spanish sharpshooters began firing on the sentinels\\nat the outpost of the camp. The Americans replied to the shots, and\\nthe scouting parties closed in upon the scene of action.\\nThe Colonel s orders came thick and fast, while, on hearing the shots,\\na line of naked men came running up from the beach, and, snatching\\ntheir guns as they ran, fell quickly into the semi-circle which Hunt-\\nington was forming behind the brow of the hill. There was no mark\\nto shoot at, as the enemy was hidden in the dense undergrowth, but\\nthe firing was regular and cool as if the men were at drill practice.\\nWhen the order was given to shoot, the bullets were sent into the\\nwaving bushes where the Spaniards were supposed to be lurking. As\\nthis proceeding failed to develop any body of foemen, the order was\\ngiven to charge down the hill, and down the hill the brave boys Avent\\ntowards the unseen enemy, the naked men going through the brush with-\\nout flinching, although the thorns were piercing their feet and lacerating\\ntheir flesh at every step.\\nSwarms of hungry insects swooped down upon them as they stood\\nwith the others holding the line at the foot of the hill after the charge\\nwas over. Their bodies were black with gnats and mosquitoes, while\\nthe spines of the cactus had even torn through the clothing of the men\\nwho were dressed, but they held their position until it was found that\\nthe Spaniards had fled, and then they were ordered back to dress.\\nA detachment of men fully dressed were sent into the brush to sup-\\nport Captain Neville, who had succeeded in finding a small party of\\nSpaniards. The Americans were confident that a few of the enemy\\nwere struck, but the Spaniards made good their escape, being sure of\\nthe ground, and knowing every bypath in the woods. They left several", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "LAS GU AS I MAS. 259\\narticles in tlieir flight, including a regimental flag and a field glass.\\nNone of the marines was killed in this skirmish, and the only wounds\\nwere those made by the thorns and the cruel spines of the cactus; but\\nNeville s men kept up the fight all night, the returned Spaniards being\\nall around them the most of the time, and three days later there was\\nanother demand upon their courage and persistence.\\nOn the morning of the 14th, three expeditions were sent out from\\nthe little fort, the main body under Captain Elliott including eighty\\nCubans. By careful management Elliott hemmed in a large body of\\nSpaniards to the south of him, while Mahoney attacked them from the\\nwest and the Dolphin threw shells from the sea a thousand yards away.\\nThe Spaniards had been driven to the crest of a large hill and a few\\nshells from the Dolphin which exploded in their midst produced a panic\\nby killing and wounding many of their number.\\nSeeing their comrades falling on every side they had no courage to\\nresist the gallant charge of Elliott s men, which routed them, and they\\nfled down the hill into the brush, leaving behind them on the field about\\na hundred of their dead, besides a great number of Mauser rifles and\\nseveral thousand rounds of ammunition. The little invading force\\nhad shown courage worthy of their colors, and although many were\\nwounded and Dr. Gibbs, the faithful surgeon, had lost his life, still the\\nlist of the dead was small.\\nIn this engagement, as in others, the newspaper men showed their\\npluck and patriotism. Such men as H. J. Whigham of the Chicago\\nTribune, H. Billman of the Chicago Record, with Ralph Paine, also of\\nthe Tribune, Stephen Crane and others, rendered eflicient service. They\\nnot only helped to carry supplies to cami when the landing was made,\\nbut they also worked on the intrenchments and even took part in the\\nfighting.\\nCamp McCalla was in an exposed position, and the Spaniards could\\nhave massacred nearly all the men had they but known how small the\\nfighting force was, for it is claimed that they had three thousand soldiers\\nvery near them. It was necessary, however, to hold a position either\\nthere, or in the immediate vicinity, in order to secure the cable station,\\nand bravely the little force stood its ground.\\nLAS GUASIMAS.\\nThe cavalry division was the first to land on Cuban soil, after the\\nEngineer and Signal Corps; the artillery and siege guns were among", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "260 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthe last. No time was lost in pushing forward, and June 23d found Gen-\\neral Joe Wheeler, with his cavalry division, established at Siboney, and\\nGeneral Lawton not far behind him.\\nThe occupation of this new base gave General Shafter a chance to\\ndisembark a part of his force at a point some six or seven miles nearer\\nSantiago, of which he promptly availed himself.\\nOn the 24th, General Wheeler, who was senior officer ashore, ordered\\nGeneral Young to reconnoiter General Rubin s position near Sevilla,\\non the road to Santiago. Two roads run out from Siboney, towards the\\ncapital of the province, joining at Las Guasimas. Along one of these\\nroads General Young sent the 1st and 10th Cavalry with a battery of\\nlight artillery; along the other, the regiment of Rough Riders. Gen-\\neral Castillo was to have joined the advance with 800 Cubans, but he\\nfailed to put in an appearance until the tight was over. At 5 o clock\\nthe two columns started forward along the roads, which are about\\nhalf a mile apart, and which meet at Las Guasimas, three miles from\\nSiboney. At half past seven General Young s detachment discovered\\nthe enemy strongly intrenched on a small hill, and while waiting for the\\nRough Riders to reach the Spanish right, two Hotchkiss guns were put\\nin position.\\nThe Rough Riders, advancing cautiously through a country cov-\\nered with high grass and chaparral, where thousands might have been\\nhidden without betraying their whereabouts, came before they knew it,\\nupon the enemy, who poured a destructive fire iuto the advancing ranks.\\nIt was at this time that Sergeant Hamilton Fish, of New York, was\\nkilled. The Hotchkiss guns then opened fire and both columns became\\nengaged with the Spanish outposts. Lines deployed right and left in\\norder to outflank the enemy and at the same time to bring the two\\ncolumns in touch. Slowly they advanced through the thick, hot grass,\\nsometimes creeping, sometimes running across an open space, trooper\\nand volunteer alike throwing aside blanket rolls, coats and whatever\\nimpeded or oppressed them in their progress, but finding little oppor-\\ntunity of getting a fair shot at those in front. The determined advance\\nwas too much for the Spaniards and when, after an hour and a quarter\\nof hard fighting, the Americans charged and took their block-house,\\nnothing was left for them but to retreat over the hills towards Santiago.\\nNine hundred and si.xty-four men had dislodged an intrenched force\\nof far greater size, but they had not doue it without the cost of brave\\nlives. Sixteen men were killed and fifty-two wounded. Among the\\nkilled was Captain Capron, son of Captain Capron, commanding the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "BATTLE OF EL CANEY AND SAN JUAN. 261\\nbattery of artillery in this expedition and who later lost his own life\\nfrom Cuban fever.\\nThe conduct of such men as Heffner and Bob Church relieves the\\nlist of casualties of much of its horror. Heffner was wounded through\\nthe body and left propped against a tree to die, but he kept on shooting\\nin the direction of the enemy. Finally he was taken to a field hospital\\nwhere he received temporary relief, but, when he heard the ambulance\\ncoming to convey him to the hospital ship, he hid under the edge of\\nthe tent and the ambulance went off without him. Next day he dragged\\nhimself to the firing line and was sent back by Colonel Roosevelt, but\\nat El Caney, he again got into the fight. Colonel Roosevelt asked him\\nif he had not sent him to the hospital with instructions to stay there.\\nHe replied:\\nI believe you did. Colonel; but there was nothing going on back\\nthere and I thought I would rather be with the boys.\\nA regiment of such men is hard to whip.\\nLess pathetic, but no less inspiring, was the work of Surgeon Bob\\nChurch, who not only dressed their wounds, but, ou his own broad back,\\nbore the suffering men from the firing line to a place of safety; or, if\\nDeath had already laid his hand upon them, a place of quiet rest.\\nBATTLE OF EL CANEY AND SAN JUAN.\\nFrom the battlefield of Las Guasimas, General Wheeler, in command\\nof the cavalry, and General Lawton, in command of the Second Infantry\\nDivision, pressed on to the plateau at Sevilla, five miles from Siboney.\\nOn the following day. Colonel Wood was placed in command of a brig-\\nade and Colonel Roosevelt was made commander of the Rough Riders, in\\nfact, as well as in name.\\nIt was believed at Washington that General Pando was at this time\\nsending reinforcements to Santiago, and, as these would have found\\ntheir easiest approach through El Caney, it was decided to make an\\nattack on this point with the forces under (Jeneral Lawton, supported\\nby Bates brigade and Captain Capron s battery of artillery.\\nWhile Lawton was approaching Santiago from the northeast,\\nthrough El Caney, the divisions under Kent and Wheeler were to go\\nstraight west, through San Juan, Kent deploying to the left, Wheeler\\nto the right.\\nBefore daylight, on July 1st, General Chaffee, who had made a care-\\nful reconnoissance, had worked his men forward so that he might ap-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "263 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nproach El Caney from the northeast, while General Ludlow came up\\nfrom the south.\\nCaptain Capron s batterj^ opened the battle at half past six. For ten\\nhours the fightinj; was stubborn and fierce. The enemy were intrenched\\nand the town protected by block-houses and a stone fort. The artillery\\nwas of little use and the fight fell on the infantry. At half past two,\\nGeneral Chaffee took the stone fort by a gallant charge led by Captain\\nHaskell, of the 12th Infantry, but even with this advantage gained, the\\nSpaniards refused to abandon the village, continuing the fight for two\\nhours and retreating slowly from house to house. It was an American\\nvictory, but at a cost of almost five hundred killed and wounded.\\nWhen the attack on El Caney was well under way and, from the\\nsound of small arms, it was supposed that General Lawton was driving\\nthe enemy from their position, General Shaffer ordered Captain Grimes\\nto open fire with his battery from El Pozo on the San Juan block-house.\\nThis fire was returned by the Spanish artillery, the first shells killing\\nand wounding several men. As 14ie Spaniards used smokeless powder,\\nit was difficult to locate their guns, while their fire was rendered partic-\\nularly galling by the fact that the American guns were served with\\nblack powder, which enabled the Spaniards to get the range.\\nAs soon as the batteries opened fire. General Sumner, with the cav-\\nalry division, was sent forward to deploy to the right and cross the San\\nJuan River, while General Kent, with his division of infantry, was to\\nfollow and deploy to the left. The underbrush was so thick and the\\nroad so narrow and bad, that six hours were spent in advancing a single\\nmile. The long-range rifles of the Spaniards killed many and wounded\\nmore, before the troops could get into position to even return the fire.\\nAfter crossing the river the cavalry deployed to the right, in order\\nto connect with Lawton s force, should he come up from El Caney, while\\nKent s division formed for attack in front of San Juan mil. During\\nthis formation the brigade suffered severely. Colonel Wickoff was killed\\nand the command fell, successively, on Lieutenant-Colonel Worth, who\\nwas soon wounded, then on Lieut( nant-Colonel Liscum, who also soon\\nfell, and finally, on Lieutenant-Colonel Ewers. At the same time that\\nGeneral Kent was making the formation to attack San Juan Hill, he\\ngave orders to move forward the rear brigade. The tOth (colored) and\\n2d Infantry were ordered to follow Wickoff s brigade; the 21st to su])-\\nport General Hawkins on the right. The 10th and 2d, led by Colonel\\nPearson, moved forward on the left of the division and drove the enemy\\nback towards the trenches. Both divisions, after a short advance, found", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "ON THE SAN JUAN RIDGE. 263\\nthemselves facing a high hill on which the enemy was strongly in-\\ntrenched. A broad bottom intervened, covered with tall grass and\\ncrossed by lines of barbed-wire fence.\\nIn the action on this part of the field, General Shatter gives special\\npraise to Lieutenant John H. Parker, 13th Infantry, and the Gatling\\ngun detachment under his command.\\nThere seems to have been no more definite command to take San\\nJuan Hill and San Juan Fort, than the simple knowledge that the Span-\\nish occupied the positions. It was, like many another battle won, a\\nsoldiers fight. There was no great attempt at order, and up the steep\\nincline the men climbed singly, by twos and in scattered squads, now\\nfiring, now advancing, breaking down wire fences, and all pushing up\\ntowards the Spanish trenches, from which they drove the enemy and\\ndescended the farther slope.\\nSo much was the work, mainly, of the cavalry division, of which Gen-\\neral Wheeler had left his bed to assume the command, when the firing\\nbegan. On the farther side of San Juan Hill, Wheeler s division joined\\nKent s and, in line with it, moved on against the main Spanish force on\\nthe ridge of Foi t San Juan. From here the enemy were again driven\\nby the 6th and 16th Infantry, under the lead of General Hawkins him-\\nself, assisted by the 9th, 13th and 24th I egiments of Ewer s brigade.\\nAt the same time Wheeler s six cavalry regiments, for the second time\\nthat day, sent the Spaniards in their front flying towards Santiago.\\nThe conduct of officers and men was gallant beyond the power of\\nwords to describe. The intrepid bravery and heroic courage of the men\\nwon the fight and planted the colors of the United States where the\\nequally brave officers led the way.\\nON THE SAN JUAN RIDGE.\\nThe feint at Aguadores was the third and the last of the ojjera-\\ntions contemplated for July 1st. This town is situated on the coast on\\nthe line of railroad from Santiago to Siboney and was protected by a\\nsmall fort. General Duffield, with the 33d Michigan Volunteers, had\\nbeen instructed to move up from Siboney by rail and conduct the land\\nattack, while the New York, the Gloucester and Suwanee shelled the\\nfort. When the ships opened fire a few Spanish soldiers were seen to\\nmove away from the fort and General Duffield advanced as far as the\\nbridge over the San Juan River, but made no attempt to cross as the\\nbridge had been destroyed. The scanty garrison kept up a desultory", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "264 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ntii-e from some hills beyond the river, and at noon, when they brought\\nout a field piece from Santiago, General Duffield withdrew with two\\nkilled and several wounded. The New York promptly turned her fire\\nupon the Spanish giin and silenced it.\\nThis very spiritless attack accomplished all that was intended of it,\\nperhaps, as General Shaffer is kind enough to say:\\nThe diversion at Aguadores was successful, in that the Spaniards\\nwho were there were held so that they could not withdraw to reinforce\\nthose in Santiago.\\nThe most interesting incident in the attack was the fine display of\\nmarksmanship by Lieutenant Blue, who made the two daring trips\\nthrough the Spanish lines to get a view of Cervera s ships. He asked\\npermission to shoot the Spanish flag from off the fort, and Admiral\\nSampson allowed him three shots. The range was about 1,300 yards, and\\nhe used a four-inch gun. The first shot tore the flag, the second hit the\\nstaff at its base, and the third cut it fairly away.\\nThe heart of the day s fight had been at San Juan, although the most\\nstubborn resistance had been met at El Caney, a position, as it turned\\nout, that was of no advantage to the American line and untenable for\\nthe Spanish after San Juan had been taken. But it had been the\\noriginal plan that General Lawton should take El Caney and then sup-\\nport the attack on San Juan, and this plan he doggedly adhered to,\\nthough early in the afternoon Major-General Shaffer ordered him to\\nwithdraw and support Wheeler. This order was not at once carried\\nout, as the charge on the fort was under way when the order came, and,\\nas General Shaffer says: When the charge was over, the fight at El\\nCaney was won. It was then nearly night, but Bates started his troops,\\nthat had marched all the previous night and fought all day on scant\\nrations, back towards San Juan. At dark they halted for much needed\\nrest and refreshment, but soon moved forward, at the direction of Gen-\\neral Shaffer, and at midnight took up their position on the left of\\nGeneral Kent s division in front of San Juan.\\nGeneral La^vton left El Caney soon after Bates brigade, taking the\\nroad to Santiago to connect with General Wheeler s right. Night came\\non before the troops could get into their position and in the darkness\\nthey encountered the enenly s pickets. The situation was reported to\\nthe commander-in-chief by General Lawton and at 12:30 General Shaf-\\nter ordered the division to return towards El Cauey aud by the road to\\nEl Pozo, as the only certain way of gaining his new position. It took\\nthe tired and worn out troops, that had been fighting all day in a terrific", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "ON THE SAN JUAN RIDGE. 265\\nheat, the rest of the uight to make this tedious circuit, and it was half\\npast seven on the morning of July 2d before the men had reached San\\nJuan and after twelve before they found their position on the right of\\nthe cavalry and the whole division was in place.\\nDuring this same night, July 1st, the 3-tth Michigan and 9th Massa-\\nchusetts, which had just arrived from the United States, were brought\\nforward; the 34th Michigan to support Kent, the 9th Massachusetts to\\nextend Bates left.\\nOn the evening of July 1st Kent s and Wheeler s divisions held San\\nJuan Ridge, from which it had driven the enemy. Entrenching tools\\nwere hurried forward in the darkness, and during the night the soldiers,\\nworn out by long fighting and want of food, but determined to hold the\\nprestige they had gained, set about protecting their position. In addi-\\ntion to the entrenchments, three batteries were brought up and put\\nin position on the ridge, but when they opened fire in the morning they\\ndrew such a fierce reply that they were soon withdrawn. The Span-\\niards opened fire at daylight on July 2d, but with the entrenchments and\\nthe approach of Lawton s division little apprehension was felt as to the\\nability to hold the ridge and repel the attack. All day, and until ten\\no clock at night, the battle raged with more or less fury. Communica-\\ntion with the rear had become almost impossible on account of the roads\\nand but little food could be brought up, but the men were plucky and\\nheld their places in the trenches, where they were alternately wet by\\nthe rain and scorched by the sun. If the position of the men in the line\\nwas uncomfortable, that of the wounded was heartrending. Men who\\ncould not drag themselves over the six miles to Siboney were forced to\\nride in springless wagons. There were not enough surgeons, not enough\\nhospital supplies and nothing to eat but hard tack and canned meat.\\nOnly three ambulances had been brought from Tampa and other prep-\\narations were about in proportion. Had it not been for the work and\\nsupplies of the Red Cross Society the suffering would have been much\\nworse.\\nA conference was held on the evening of the 2d between Major-Gen-\\neral Shaffer and Generals Wheeler, Lawton, Kent and Bates, on the\\nquestion of withdrawal. The generals were not unanimous and nothing-\\nwas done, but General Shaffer telegraphed to Washington on the fol-\\nlowing morning, stating that he contemplated withdrawing towards\\nSiboney, where he could get supplies, to a large extent, by rail.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "266 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nTHE FIGHT FOR SANTIAGO.\\nThe story of the fight for Santiago is in itself the story of the Ameri-\\ncan soldier. Side by side they fought, regulars and volunteers, white\\nand colored, cavalry and infantry. Opinions differ as to tactics, and\\nthere has been much discussion regarding othcial wisdom, but the valor\\nof the rank and file has been proved anew by the most gallant fight ever\\nmade by any army in any country.\\nThe first shot was fired on June 24, 1S98, at Las Guasimas, which\\nis at the joining of two trails five miles from Siboney. Just back of\\nSiboney is an abrupt hill. General Wheeler ordered General Young\\nand some three hundred men of the First and Tenth Cavalry up the val-\\nley trail, and Colonel Wood, with his six hundred men, up the hill trail.\\nThey were to meet at the joining of the trails and follow the wagon road\\nto Santiago.\\nThe Cuban scouts sent in advance reported that there were Spanish\\nsharpshooters in the jungle along the trails and that the enemy were\\nintrenched at Las Guasimas.\\nTroop L of the First Volunteer Cavalry received the first shot and\\nthe first volley of the war. The Spaniards were in ambush, they used\\nsmokeless powder and there was no sign of battle e.xcept the singing\\nMausers and the wounded men. The American fire was practicallj use-\\nless as the dense undergrowth and the smokeless powder rendered the\\nenemy invisible.\\nThe fighting had begun in earnest. The Rough Riders awoke to the\\nfact that this was w^ar. The first shot fired in reply to the volley killed\\none Spaniard, a half breed Indian killed another, then the Indian fell\\nwith seven shots in his body, and not five seconds later the younger Cap-\\ntain Capron received his fatal wound.\\nThe command was halted and the troops deployed to right and left,\\nthen an advance was ordered. The heavy firing on the flanks indicated\\na considerable resistance and two additional troops w^ere deployed on\\nthe riglit and left, leaving three troops in reserve. The Spanish lines\\noverlapped the American on both flanks and two other troops were\\ndeployed, which made the American line about equal in length with the\\nSpanish.\\nThe remaining troop was sent to the front and a slow advance or-\\ndered. The enemy on the right flank was forced back and a small block\\nhouse captured. A heavy fire was directed upon the Americans from", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "8\\nH\\nZ\\nV\\noi\\n2\\ntil\\nPQ\\nh\\nX\\nX\\nO\\nw\\nX", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "THE FIGHT FOR SANTIAGO. 267\\na ridge on the right hand side, although the force on the ridge was\\nbeing attaclced by two squadrons of the regular cavalry.\\nThe Spanish held the ridge with small stone forts along its entire\\nlength and with two machine guns. The right flank being cleared, the\\nfire of two troops was concentrated upon the ridge. This, with the fire\\nof the regular cavalry, compelled the Spaniards to retreat.\\nThe detached troops of the First Volunteer Cavalry moved out to\\nthe left to take the right end of the Spanish line in flank. This was\\ndone and the order given Cease firing and advance.\\nWhen within three hundred yards of the enemy, the Americans\\nopened fire. The Spanish rapidly retreated.\\nIn Colonel Wood s official repor-t, he says: In regard to the con-\\nduct of the ofiicers and men, I can only say that one and all of them\\nbehaved splendidly. Captain Capron died shortly after the termination\\nof the fight. I cannot say enough in commendation of the gallant con-\\nduct of this officer. His troop was in advance and met the enemy in\\nvery heavy force, and resisted them and drove them back, and it was in\\nperformance of this duty that the Captain was mortally wounded. The\\nservice be performed prior to his death, and the work of his troop subse-\\nquently to it, were of the very greatest value in contributing to the suc-\\ncess of this engagement. Captain Capron s loss is an irreparable one to\\nhis regiment. LEONARD WOOD,\\nComdg. 1st U. S. Vol. Cav., of 2d Brig. Cav. Div.\\nA connection with the regular troops had been established on the\\nright and the Americans were in possession of the entire Spanish\\nposition.\\nGeneral Young s command, having the easier route, had reached the\\nenemy first, but the attack was delayed in order that the two divisions of\\nthe attacking force might work together. General Wheeler arrived\\nduring the delay, and cordially approved the plans for attack.\\nNine hundred and fifty men were engaged on the American side,\\nwhile the Spanish force numbered twenty-five hundred. The Spanish\\nfire was by volleys, executed with great precision.\\nAfter the firing had ceased three troops of the Ninth Cavalry arrived\\nand were stationed as outposts, until relieved by General Chaffee s brig-\\nade of General Lawton s division.\\nThe official reports give unanimous evidence of the bravery of the\\nmen under fire. Not a man flinched, not a man faltered and no face was\\nturned from the front. Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt had led three", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "268 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ntroops of his regiment into the juu^le, where they were exposed to a\\nwithering fire. They could not see the Spaniards and the Spaniards\\ncould plainly see them. It was guerrilla warfare, of the worst kind.\\nCommunication with General Young s division was brought about by\\nthe efforts of Troop K of the Rough Riders. Captain Jenkins sent the\\nguidon-bearer to the top of a bare little knoll, with instructions to wave\\nhis flag until Young s men saw it and answered his signal.\\nJust across the valley was the Spanish force, in plain sight and\\nwithin good range. A heavy fire was directed against him, but he paid\\nno attention to it. He stood straight and waved his flag until his signal\\nwas answered; then he returned to his troop.\\nGeneral Young says:\\nThe action of all officers and men, so far as my personal observation\\nextended, was sxiperb; and I can only at this time mention the names of\\nthose whose conduct was personally observed by me as being highly con-\\nspicuous in gallantry and daring, and evidencing a firm intention to do\\neverything within the power and endurance of humanity and the scope\\nof duty.\\nCaptain Knox, after being shot through the abdomen, and seeing his\\nlieutenant and first sergeant wounded, gave necessary orders to his\\ntroop, and refused to allow a man in the firing line to assist him to the\\nrear.\\nLieutenant Bryam, after having his scalp-wound dressed, and know-\\ning his captain (Knox) to be wounded, assumed command of his troop,\\nbut fell fainting while pushing to the front.\\nCaptain Mills, the only member of my staff present with me on this\\npart of the field, was most conspicuous for his daring and unflagging\\nenergy in his efforts to keep troops in touch, on the line, and in keeping\\nme informed of the progress made in advancing through the jungle.\\nIn connection with the conduct of the officers, attention is called to\\nColonel Wood s report on the conduct of Captain Capron, Major Brodie,\\nCaptain McClintock, Lieutenant Thomas, Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt,\\nCaptain McCormick (7th U. S. Cavalry), and my personal aids, Lieuten-\\nants T. R. Rivers and Smedberg.\\nI cannot speak too highly of the efficient manner in which Colonel\\nWood handled his regiment, and of his magnificent behavior on the field.\\nThe conduct of Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt, as reported to me by my\\naids, deserves my highest commendation. Both Colonel Wood and Lieu-\\ntenant-Colonel Roosevelt disdained to take advantage of shelter or cover\\nfrom the enemy s fire while any of their men remained exposed to it", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "THE FIGHT FOR SANTIAGO. 269\\nan error of judgment, but happily on the heroic side. I beg leave to\\nrepeat that the behavior of all men of the regular and volunteer forces\\nengaged in this action was simply superb, and I feel highly honored in\\nthe command of such troops. I desire to express my admiration of the\\nfine soldierly qualities, and conduct on the march, and after meeting the\\nenemy, of Major Norvell, 10th Cavalry, and Major Bell, 1st Cavalry, com-\\nmanding squadrons; their rapid execution of orders was admirable.\\nMajor Bell received a serious wound in the early part of the engage-\\nment, and was succeeded in the command of his squadron by Captain\\nWainwright, whose management of the right wing of the advance firing\\nline was all that I could desire or hope for, and more than I could under\\nsuch opposing conditions confidently expect. Captains Beck and Gal-\\nbraith and Lieutenants Wright and Fleming also deserve equal praise\\nfor the manner in which they maneuvered and controlled their troops\\nin attacking the precipitous heights before them. Captain Ayers per-\\nformance of the duties assigned to his troop was highly commendable,\\nas was also Captain Watson s fine work with his battery. Assist-\\nant Surgeon Fuller and Acting Assistant Surgeon Delgardo, also Assist-\\nant Surgeon J. K. Church, 1st Vol. Cavalry, deserve special mention for\\ntheir gallant action in personally carrying wounded men from the field\\nunder heavy fire.\\nMr. Edward Mai shall, of the New York Journal, was shot through\\nthe spine while on the firing line witnessing the engagement. Both legs\\nwere paralyzed in consequence of the wound, but, on being taken home,\\nhe pluckily resumed his work, and also wrote his book. In September\\nof 1898 he was able to move around on crutches and accomplish con-\\nsiderable work. AfteiTvards he went to The Hague to attend the peace\\nconference, and then visited Paris, where he suffered greatly. It was\\nthought that, with his indomitable courage and soldier-like endurance,\\nhe might recover, but on the 29th of July, 1899, he was compelled to\\nsubmit to the amputation of one leg, and it is just possible that he may\\nlose the other. In reference to his conduct at the front. Colonel Wood\\nsays, It was extremely courageous.\\nEdward Marshall, in his Story of the Rough Riders, gives the fol-\\nlowing instance of one man s courage.\\nThe first wounded officer I saw was Captain James H. McClintock of\\nB troop. He was leaning propped up against the tree on the back-\\nbone of the hill which was as clearly defined and bare as the buttress\\nof a cathedral. Two bullets had met in his lower left leg and I have\\nnever seen a man suffer such pain as he did. Months afterward I saw\\n18", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "270 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nbim, the day aftfr be was disobarged from tbe bospital and from the\\nai my with a record of balf-total disability. He seemed to be very\\ncheerful that day at Las Guasimas and was carefully explaining to\\nNichols that the place was altogether too hot for any man to stay in\\nwho was not obliged to. I shook hands with him and got bis name\\nand address, as I did of the other wounded, and asked him if there was\\nanything I could do for bim.\\nNot a thing, said McClintock, except get out.\\nSince then he has told me about one of bis troopers who, after\\nMcClintock bad been forced to lie down by exhaustion, came and lay\\nclose beside him. He talked cheerfully to him and tried to keep his\\nspirits up.\\nYou d better get out of this, said McClintock, it s too hot.\\nDon t worry, Captain, the mau replied; Tm between you and the\\nfiring line.\\nMcClintock, touched as be was by this exhibition of the man s de-\\nvotion, still wanted bim to get away. He urged him to leave him. The\\nman refused. Finally McClintock said:\\nI am your captain and I order you to go; you are doing no good\\nto any but me here; this is no place for a well man. I oi der you.\\nThen the man bad to tell.\\nI ain t no well man, he slowly admitted; Tm shot.\\nWhere? asked McClintock.\\nOh, it s onl3 a scratch.\\nThey lay there in silence for a long time. The firing began to come\\nfrom the left. The soldier worked bis painful way around uutil be was\\nbetween McClintock and the line of fire. McClintock was too weak\\nfrom loss of blood even to speak.\\nThen a bospital man came and lifted McClintock to carry bim back.\\nTake him too, jMcClintock managed to articulate.\\nNo use, said the hospital man, he s dead.\\nLieutenant Colonel Roosevelt noticed blood coming out of Trooper\\nIJowland s side, and ordered him to the bospital. After some grumbling\\nthe man went, but in fifteen minutes be was back on the firing line, say-\\ning he could not find the hospital. Colonel Roosevelt doubted his story,\\nbut let bim stay. This man was among the wounded who walked to\\nthe temporary hospital at Siboney. The doctors examined him, said\\nbis wound was serious and that he must go back to the United States.\\nHe escaped out of the hospital, but only to fight again at San Juan.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "It.\\nO\\nh\\nCO", "height": "2620", "width": "1827", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XX.\\nTHE DARING OF LIEUTENANT ROWAN.\\nThe most important secret mission during the Spanish war was\\nthat of Lieutenant Andrew S. Rowan, who was a Virginian by birth,\\nand a soldier hy education, being a graduate of West Point of the\\nclass of 1881. At the opening of the war he was employed in the\\nMilitary Information Bureau of the War Department, but it became\\nnecessary for the Government to confer with the Cuban leaders in\\norder to secure intelligent co-operation, and Lieutenant Rowan was\\nselected as the proper man to find and communicate with General\\nGarcia.\\nHe accepted the important trust and sailed for Jamaica, reach-\\ning Kingston on April 23, 1898, where he placed himself, as he says,\\nIn the hands of unknown friends.\\nHe was there in defiance of the authorities of Jamaica, and not\\nonly that, but Spanish spies were continually on the alert, ready to\\nreport any suspicious parties, or to assassinate them in the dark if\\nneed be.\\nHe was mysteriously conducted to a closed carriage and driven\\nrapidly to a dense forest several miles from Kingston where he was\\njoined by four other men and the journey was pursued in the dead of\\nnight, through the woods of an unknown land, in company with strang-\\ners and in almost complete silence.\\nPausing only for a change of horses it was far into the night when\\nthey reached the rude farmhouse where a meal awaited them. Here\\nyoung Rowan was introduced to Gervacio Sabio, one of the com-\\nmanders of the Cuban navy in whose care he was placed, and who\\nthus assumed the responsibility of conducting him, if possible, to the\\ncamp of General Calixto Garcia.\\nWith his new escort he drove on until toward morning, when they\\nleft the carriage and walked to the bay, where a little fishing smack\\nlay at anchor waiting to take them to the Cuban shore, which was\\nfar away a hundred miles or more to the northward. Wearily they\\nentered the boat and by three o clock in the morning Rowan had made\\n371", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "272 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nhis bed on the bare stones which served as ballast, and slept in spite\\nof the discomforts of the situation.\\nIt was a perilous voyage and when they approached the beautiful\\nisland, it was only by the greatest caution that the man at the helui\\nsucceeded in evading the sentinel ships which patrolled the coast night\\nand day, but at midnight the little boat slipped into an inlet which\\nwas so protected by treacherous rocks that the Spanish ships dared\\nnot approach it, and here they anchored for the rest of the night.\\nIn the early morning the landing was made; signals were passed\\nback and forth between Gervacio and those on land, a half naked\\nCuban boy appeared from the jungle and carried Rowan ashore on his\\nshoulders. Then the little party fought their way on foot through\\nan almost impenetrable jungle, stopping occasionally to refresh them-\\nselves with the pure water which was drawn from green cocoanuts.\\nThey were not at liberty to choose a more favorable route they\\nmust pursue their way for miles where the wild thorns and cruel cactus\\nspikes, although wounding their flesh, would at least protect them\\nfrom the Spanish guerrilla.\\nOn the morning of April 27th they had reached the district of\\nPilon and were already among the foothills of the mountains. The\\nthickets of trees and vines were well nigh impassable, but the faithful\\nCubans knew the ground. Horses were obtained the tough little ani-\\nmals that so patiently bear their burdens although hungry and saddle\\ngalled, and the sure footed beasts of burden climbed the mountains or\\nslipped as best they could, down the sides of dangerous ravines.\\nWhen they were literally worn out with such traveling the Lieuten-\\nant and his party met with General Rios, the General of the Coasts\\nin this portion of the island.\\nThis shrewd man, who is a cross between a Cuban and an Indian,\\nwas able to give the Lieutenant much valuable information concern-\\ning matters in his own district, furnishing plans and figures.\\nIn the thickets of these forests the insurgents managed at that\\ntime to publish tri-weekh papers which were the organs of the insurg-\\nents, and the editor of one of them was introduced to Rowan. Gen-\\neral Rios also provided for him an escort of cavalry and they took the\\nroad to El Chino, where the General left him and a new guide was\\nfurnished in the person of a negro whose knowledge of the country\\nseemed to be perfect.\\nWhen they came to Bayamo they found the Cuban flag flying over\\nthe little town, and here the party found the headquarters of Garcia.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "THE DARING OF LIEUTENANT ROWAN. 273\\nThe stately old general met them at the door and extended the cour-\\ntesies of a genuine hospitality to his guest. Lieutenant Kowan deliv-\\nered the papers which he had so faithfully carried through days and\\nnights of peril, and after a twelve o clock breakfast the remainder of\\nthe day was spent in careful work with the General. By night the\\ndispatches for the United States Government were ready and the horses\\nwere standing at the door.\\nThe return party was headed by another Cuban General, Enrique\\nCollazo, and with him was the chief of his staff. General Collazo was\\na trusted friend of Garcia s and also a graduate of a Spanish Artillery\\nSchool.\\nThere was another long and dangerous ride, it was not until May\\n5th that they reached the coast at the point of embarkation, and on\\nthe evening of that day they drew a frail little boat out from a thick\\ncover of bushes and made ready for the voyage.\\nSails were improvised from hammocks, and food supplies, such as\\nthey were, were gathered from the forest.\\nThen seven men tried to enter the boat, but only six could find sit-\\nting room. It was near midnight when they pulled out upon the\\ntreacherous sea, and the big waves frequently swept over them, mak-\\ning constant bailing necessary as well as rowing.\\nAll night they worked without sleep, and the next day found them\\nstill buffeted by the waves, and also scorched with the fierce heat of\\nthe tropical sun. The night following was also intensely hot. The\\nnext morning they slipped out into the Tongue of the Ocean and suc-\\nceeded in evading two or three little schooners which came danger-\\nously near.\\nIn the afternoon, however, they were picked up by a small steamer\\nwith a crew of negroes and carried into Nassau, where they found the\\nAmerican consul, Mr. McLane, and the day following Lieutenant Rowan\\nsailed for American shores in the schooner Fearless.\\nOn arriving at Tampa, he hurried off to Washington and made his\\nreport to the War Department and also to General Nelson A. Miles.\\nThe official business being over the General asked for an account\\nof Rowan s experience during his perilous journey. This was briefiy\\nand modestly given, and it is no wonder that the old soldier after-\\nward wrote to the Secretary of War as follows:\\nI also recommend that First Lieutenant Andrew S. Rowan, 19\\nU. S. Infantry, be made a lieutenant-colonel of one of the regiments of\\nimmunes. Lieutenant Rowa-n made a journey across Cuba, was with", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "274 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthe insurgent army under General Garcia, and bruuglit most import-\\nant and valuable information to the Government.\\nThis was a most perilous undertaking and in my judgment Lion-\\ntenant Rowan performed an act of heroism and cool daring which has\\nrarely been excelled in the annals of warfare.\\nBUCKET O NEIL.\\nPerhaps the figure of Buckey O Neil was a typical one among the\\nRough Riders and characteristic of this cosmopolitan regiment.\\nWilliam Owen O Nell was the son of Captain John O Neil of the\\nfamous Irish Brigade of the 2nd Army Corps during the war for the\\nUnion. Buckey was born in St. Louis in 1860.\\nHe removed to the East with his mother and brothers, and was\\ngraduated from the National Law School of the District of Columbia.\\nAfter his graduation he took the Civil Service examination for assist-\\nant paymaster in the navy and stood first out of a class of seventy-one.\\nBut Buckey O Neil was restless and wanted an active life, so,\\nbefore he received his appointment, he had decided to cast in his lot\\nwith the empire builders of the West. He went to Arizona where he\\ntried his hand at newspaper publishing, but found it too slow, and\\nacquiring an interest in some mines, he found a field for his energy\\nand enterprise.\\nHis equity and justice in settling the miners brawls and disputes\\nled finally to his election as judge of Zavapai county in that Territory.\\nHis next advancement was to the ol!ice of sheriff. For this posi-\\ntion he had the requisite qualifications, as he was the best armed man\\nand the best shot in the Territory. But even the excitement, the ups\\nand downs and desperate chances of this office palled on him and after\\nserving three terms he removed to Prescott and stood as candidate for\\nCongress. He was defeated three times and, finally abandoning this\\nventure he ran for mayor of Prescott.\\nThe only vote against him was cast by himself. When the war\\nbroke out he had the warm regard of every man in Arizona and there\\nwas not one who would not have been glad to fight by Buckey O Neil s\\nside.\\nThree hundred men enlisted under him in such an amazingly short\\ntime that the President sent him a telegram of thanks. The citizens\\nof Prescott presented the company with a flag and its Captain with a\\nrevolver. Judge Ling presented the latter with these words:", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "TENTH CAVALRY. 375\\nMajor O Neil, we want to give you a mount. It is not full grown\\nbut merely a Colt. We tell you that it bucks. Every time it bucks\\nhead it toward a Spaniard, and you can rest assured that one more\\nSpaniard will bid his god-father, the devil, good morning.\\nFrom San Antonio he wrote:\\nI am ready to take all the chances. Who would not gamble for a\\nnew star in the flag?\\nHe gambled and personally lost, and the Kough Eiders mourned a\\ngallant fighter.\\nHe fell in the memorable charge up the San Juan hill at the head\\nof his intrejiid Arizona command.\\nCaptain O Neil was known from the Atlantic to the Pacific by men,\\nwomen and children as simply Buckey O Xeil, a soubriquet which\\nhe acquired by his readiness to buck any game, or obstacle, danger or\\nundertaking that stood between himself and honor, prosperity, and good\\ncitizenshiii.\\nHe was as brave in peace as in war and ready to sacrifice his life\\nat any moment for his fellow men. When Cobb and English, of the\\n10th Cavalry, fell into the water from a lighter at Daiquiri Buckoy\\nO Xeil sprung instantly into the sea to their aid, but before be could\\nreach them the boat had swung around and crushed them to death.\\nTENTH CAVALRY.\\nToo much praise cannot be given the colored soldiers of the 10th\\nCavalry, who gallantly and nobly supported the Rough Riders in their\\ncharge on San Juan. There had been a doubt in the minds of many\\nwhether the negi o would make a competent soldier, but their brave\\nwork on that day dispelled every doubt and gave them the well earned\\nright to be counted in the list of heroes.\\nIn jolly good humor they went into the fight, laughing and chaffing\\none another at every opportunity, but obedient to orders and eager\\nto get in a lick at the enemy.\\nOne poor black fellow was seen kneeling behind a rock loading and\\nfiring as fast as he could, while the blood flowed from an ugly, ragged\\nwound in his leg. When his attention was called to the wound he\\nmerely laughed and said:\\nOh, that s all right; that s been there a good while.\\nSuch a fellow, white or black, is every inch a soldier and earns a\\nsoldier s praise. There were many of this type who went up the slope", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "276 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nof Wan Juan under the colors of the 10th Cavalry and a grateful and\\ngenerous nation gives them its unstinted praise, and houoi s the graves\\nof those dusky warriors who died as the noblest heroes on the side\\nof San Juan hill and rest now on the crest that overlooks the scene\\nof their victory.\\nSERGEANT BELL.\\nAnother who was wounded and still fought was Sergeant Bell of the\\nRough Riders, son of M. E. Bell, the well known architect of Chicago.\\nHe had worked his way forward to the firing line when an exploding\\nshell struck him and severely wounded him.\\nThe officer of the line ordered him to the rear, but in a few minutes\\nhe was back again. A second time he was sent unwillingly from the\\npost of danger, and a second time he came back and was firing away.\\nFor the third time he was ordered out of the fight, but when the\\nday was done he was still with his men. Nothing but death or uncon-\\nsciousness could have kept such a spirit out of the conflict.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "TEDDY ROOSEVELT.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XX!.\\nI. ROOSEVELT, THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094PREPARATIONS FOR WAR.\\nWhen Tammany took possession of New York, Theodore Roosevelt\\nleft the Police Department to become Assistant Secretary of the Navy\\nat Washington. It seemed an unimportant, obscure position, but he\\nmade it, by the sheer force of his personality, one of the important levers\\nin our successful war with Spain.\\nHe had long been familiar with naval matters, historically and theo-\\nretically, and it was only a short time before his associates realized that\\nhe was a man to be depended upon, for practical considerations as well.\\nHe seemed to have a kind of prophetic insight into the future, for\\nlong before the United States was stirred from center to circumference\\nby the explosion of the Maine, he exclaimed to a friend in New York:\\nWe shall be compelled to fight Spain within a year.\\nFrom the date of his appointment, in April, 1897, he began to make\\nready for such an event with a vigor that took away the breath of more\\nconservative naval ofiBcers. To be prepared for war is the most effect-\\nual means to promote peace, was the subject upon which he addressed\\na class of cadets at the Naval Academy of Annapolis. He carried out\\nthis maxim of Washington to its fullest conclusion. He hastened work\\non the new warships and ordered repairs on the old ones. Neither did\\nhe content himself with giving directions. He saw to it personally that\\nthey were carried out. No man who came within the radius of his\\nauthority was suffered to shirk. He seemed ubiquitous. As illustrative\\nof his thoroughness is a characteristic remark, which made his ineffi-\\ncient employes shudder.\\nIn ordinary routine matters, he said, if a man does ordinarily\\nwell I am satisfied; but if he doesn t do the work of importance in the\\nnavy with the snap and vigor I believe is necessary, I ll cinch him till\\nhe squeals.\\nRoosevelt also issued orders that the crew of every ship be recruited\\nto its full strength. He began to buy provisions, guns and ammunition,\\nand to insist on more extended gunnery pra tice, which seemed extrava-\\ngant to some of his less radical brethren. He filled the bins of every\\n277", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "278 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nsupply station with coal. Accordingly, when Dewey steamed across the\\nPacific, he found fuel waiting for him. Without the unnecessary delay\\nof an instant, the Admiral took on his coal and sailed calmly by the\\nastonished Spaniards, who supposed him miles away.\\nEvents justified Roosevelt in the preparations he had made. The\\nresult of his course was so obvious as to make Senator Davis, chairman\\nof the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, declare that if it had\\nnot been for Roosevelt, we should not have been able to strike the blow\\nthat we did at Manila. Because of the forethought, therefore, of the\\nAssistant Secretary of the Navy, one of the most brilliant victories in\\nour history was made possible.\\nSecretary Roosevelt was occupied not only with the material needs\\nof the navy, but he found time also to accomplish a change in the admin-\\nistration of it, which will be of great advantage for years to come. This\\nchange found expression in the well-known Naval Personal Bill, which\\namalgamates the line and engineer corps of the navy. By means of it,\\nthe work of the Navy Department in detailing oflBcers for duty will be\\nmade much simpler, since every officer of the new line will be able to\\nperform any of the duties which involve the management of large bodies\\nof men or the control of machinery.\\nThe issue with Spain was held off as long as possible, to give the\\nWar Department time to gather itself for the coming struggle, but\\nfinally the words rang through the country:\\nWar is declared.\\nThe Naval Department was overwhelmed with new duties and re-\\nsponsibilities. Like the rest of its members, Theodore Roosevelt scarcely\\nallowed himself time to eat and sleep. Among numberless other things,\\nhe had the immediate charge of purchasing vessels for the auxiliary\\nfleet. There were to be sixty of them as staunch and well-adapted for\\nservice as it was possible to find.\\nAgain the country profited by his unimpeachable honesty. Ship-\\nbrokers flocked to him by the dozen. They had hulks to sell in various\\nstages of disrepair and rottenness. They had powerful backing, too.\\nBut they found Roosevelt as hard as adamant.\\nHe refused unconditionally to buy any ships not recommended by\\nthe board which examined them and pronounced upon their merits.\\nThe board was made up of careful, expert men, and no unfit vessel\\nwon their approbation. So the ship brokers found the task of cheat-\\ning the navy too difficult for them and retired discomfited. As a con-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 279\\nsequence the auxiliary fleet was one to which the country could com-\\nmit with safety the lives of her loyal sons.\\nRoosevelt describes himself, during this time, as sharpening the\\ntools of the navy. When the task was accomplished to the satis-\\nfaction of every one concerned, he gave way to the desire which was\\noverwhelming him. There is nothing more for me to do here, he\\nsaid. I ve got to get into the fight myself.\\nA furor arose. His friends tried to dissuade him, and all the lead-\\ning newspapers of the country assured him that he was taking just\\nthe right course to ruin his career. They told him that there wei*e\\nplenty of men to stop bullets but vei-y few who could manage a navy.\\nYou are leaving a wife and six children, said some of the female\\npopulation, with tears in their eyes.\\nI have done as much as any one to bring on this war, replied\\nRoosevelt, and shall I shirk now?\\nHis resignation was therefore tendered and accepted with much\\nregret by the President and Secretary Long. He was free to carry\\nout the plan which had enlisted his interest so thoroughly.\\nII. RAISING THE REGIMENT, ETC.\\nAmerican history was as familiar to Secretary Roosevelt as his\\na b c s. He knew all about Mad Anthony Wayne; the dramatic story\\nof Marion s men in the American Revolution, and the part that the\\nTexas Rangers played in the Mexican War. What Andy Jackson s\\nsoldiers did in the War of 1812 stirred his martial spirit too, and from\\na knowledge of the deeds accomplished by all these commanders, he\\nconcluded that such service would be invaluable in the Spanish war.\\nCongress, agreeing with him, authorized the raising of three cav-\\nalry regiments from among the wild riders and riflemen of the Rockies\\nand the Great Plains. Roosevelt was offered the command of one of\\nthem. His knowledge of military matters was established by prac-\\ntical experiment, for as far back as 1884 he had been a lieutenant of\\nthe Eighth Regiment of the National Guard of the State of New York.\\nHe afterwards rose to the rank of Captain, and remained a militiaman\\nfor more than four years.\\nHe felt that he could learn how to command a regiment in a month,\\nbut that the month at that time was of inestimable importance to the\\ncountry. So he declined the commission of colonel.\\nLater, he said, after I have gained some experience perhaps", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "280 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nthat may come. It did come, not a colonelcy only, but a recommen-\\ndation also for the medal of honor for gallant conduct in action.\\nEoosevelt, therefore, was appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the regi-\\nment, and Dr. Leonard Wood its Colonel. Of him Roosevelt speaks in\\nhighest terms. He had served, he says, in General Miles incon-\\nceivably harassing campaigns against the Apaches, where he had dis-\\nplayed such courage that he won the most coveted of distinctions\\nthe medal of honor; such extraordinary physical strength and endur-\\nance that he grew to be recognized as one of the two or three who\\ncould stand fatigue and hardship as well as an Apache, and such judg-\\nment that toward the close of the campaigns he was given, though a\\nsurgeon, the actual command of more than one expedition against the\\nrenegade Indians.\\nThe two commanders were overwhelmed with applications from\\nevery State in the Union for membership in their regiment. They\\nfound that the difficulty lay not in selecting men but in rejecting them.\\nAs far as numbers went, they could have raised a division as easily\\nas a regiment.\\nFinally choice was made among all the candidates, whose great\\nlonging was to get to the front with this regiment into the thick of\\nthe fight. The result was a body of picked men so perfect in phy-\\nsique, health and courage that it would have been difficult to match\\nthem anywhere.\\nPerhaps no other regiment that ever existed held quite so many\\nelements peaceably within its limits. The Red Indian stood beside a\\ncollege graduate, the cowboy outlaw made friends with the ex-police-\\nman from New York; the son of a millionaire fraternized with the\\nman who did not know where his next dime was coming from, and\\nthe minister shared his tent with the atheist.\\nAs a demonstration of practical Americanism, this regiment was\\none of the most effective lessons which the countrv has had for many\\na long day. All distinctions of race, birth and circumstance were for-\\ngotten. The purpose of every man was to find his duty and to do it,\\nwhatever it might be.\\nRoosevelt, in his Story of the Rough Riders, tells an amusing inci-\\ndent indicative of the willing spirit of service among the men. Wood-\\nbury Kane, gentleman, yachtsman and afterward Captain of Troop\\nK, had been his close friend at Harvard.\\nWhen the war was on, Roosevelt writes, Kane felt it his duty\\nto fight for his country. He did not seek any position of distinction.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 281\\nAll he desired was the ihame to do whatever work he was put to do\\nwell, and to get to the front; and he enlisted as a trooper. When I\\nwent down to the camp at San Antonio Kane was cooking and wash-\\ning dishes for one of the New Mexican troops; and he was doing it so\\nwell that I had no further doubts as to how he would get on.\\nThe first camp of the Rough Riders during the period of organiza-\\ntion and discipline was at San Antonio, Texas. There the regiment\\nlearned to pull together, to feel itself as a body and to test its strength.\\nSoldier and officer went at their new tasks with a will, determined\\nthat by no fault of theirs should the regiment fall into disrepute.\\nWith this feeling predominant the task of bringing unity of action\\nout of all the great variety of men gathered together was compara-\\ntively easy to accomplish.\\nThe commanders were wise, too, in recognizing the caliber of the\\nmen whom they were training, and they insisted only upon the most\\nessential points of discipline. The soldiers were new to the work\\nand some of the errors which preceded the correct behavior finally\\nattained must have excited the mirth of those in authority.\\nOne of the men, for example, when he announced dinner to the\\nColonel and three Majors, set all military traditions at naught by add-\\ning pleasantly,\\nIf you fellars don t come soon everything will get cold.\\nAnother soldier who had spent every spare minute in learning accu-\\nrately the manual of arms, saluted the Colonel with great precision.\\nBut feeling that this was scarcely cordial enough, he nodded genially\\nand said, Good evening. Colonel.\\nThese departures, however, from the conventional form of address\\nwere recognized by the commanders as merely the outcome of good\\nhearted ignorance, and in each case the necessary reproof wa.s taken\\nas kindly as it was meant.\\nColonel Wood and Colonel Roosevelt had put in their requests early\\nat the war oflEico and had badgered the authorities so constantly that\\nweapons and supplies were forthcoming just when tliey needed them.\\nThe last of the rifles had been received. The regiment had drilled so\\ndiligently that it was ready to do effective, intelligent sei*vice wher-\\never it might be called.\\nThen the welcome order flashed over the telegraph wires: Move\\nto Tampa.\\nBy this time the many different elements had shaken down to-\\ngether and the regiment had emerged from its preparatory stage as", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "282 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\na corporate body. The reversal of positions was so complete that it\\nseemed as if the whole scheme of social distinctions must have been\\nshaken np in a kaleidoscope. During the hot, dusty journey to Tampa,\\nfor instance, auyonc with a seuse of humor would have appreciated\\nthe sight of James Tailer and Robert Ferguson, two of the most fastid-\\nious members of the Knickerbocker Club of New York, serving canned\\ncorn beef, beans and hard tack, three times each day, to the hungry\\ntroopers.\\nHamilton Fish, Jr., and William Tiffany, nephew of Mrs. August\\nBelmont and a grand-nephew of Commodore Oliver EI. Perry, the hero\\nof the battle of Lake Erie, had charge of the freight cars containing\\nthe baled hay for the horses. They fought as well as they worked,\\nfor Hamilton Fish was the first Rough Rider killed by Spanish fire\\nand William Tiffany lived only long enough after the war to reach\\nAmerican shores.\\nOn the journey to Tampa Corporal Craig Wadsworth proved a very\\nuseful member of the regiment. He had been before his enlistment\\none of the best riders in the Genesee Valley Hunt Club, and had been\\nfamous for his skill as a cotillion leader. At every meal station he\\nrushed down the platform with a big tin pail in each hand to receive\\nthe coffee prepared for the troopers. It is safe to say that no one of\\nhis fair partners in the ballroom ever appreciated his grace and easy\\nmovement more than did the thirsty soldiers watching him, to whom\\nhe distributed the welcome beverage afterward.\\nBut though the regiment contained representatives of all classes\\nof society, the bulk of it was made up of the fine sturdy men which\\nour western prairies hold in reserve. They came almost altogether from\\nthe four Territories still remaining within the boundaries of the United\\nStates.\\nThey were a splendid set of men, these Southwesterners, writes\\ntheir commander with just pride; tall and sinewy, with resolute,\\nweather beaten faces, and eyes that looked a man straight in the face\\nwithout flinching.\\nIn all the world there could be no better material for soldiers\\nthan that aiTorded by these grim hunters of the mountains, these wild\\nrough riders of llie plains.\\nNo small thing, perhaps, served to make the various men feel their\\nbrotherhood more than the Rough Riders cry, combining war whoop,\\ncattle call and college yell, which by some mysterious process of evo-\\nlution came into being. When a thousand throats shouted it together", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 283\\nno man could help feeling the pulse of the regiment beating in his\\nbrain.\\nRough! tough! we re the stuff!\\nWe re the scrappers; never get enough! W-h-o-o-e-e!\\nEoosevelt opposed the name of Rough Riders at first. The ob-\\njection to that term, he said once, with a twinkle in his eye, is that\\npeople who read the newspapers may get the impression that the regi-\\nment is to be a hippodrome affair.\\nNo one had this idea long. After the first fight of the Rough Rid-\\ners their colonel s prediction was verified.\\nThey go out for business and when they do business no one will\\nentertain for a moment the notion that they are part of a show.\\nThe advance to Tampa was a kind of continual triumphal proces-\\nsion before victory. All along the line hundreds of people gathered,\\nwith fruit, sandwiches, and flowers for the Rough Riders; they cheered\\nthem and wept over them and waved flags to them as the train pulled\\nout.\\nEverywhere, writes Roosevelt, we saw the Stars and Stripes, and\\neverywhere we were told, half laughing, by grizzled ex-Confederates,\\nthat they had never dreamed in the bygone days of bitterness to greet\\nthe old flag as they now were greeting it and to send their sons as\\nnow they were sending them, to fight and die under it.\\nAfter four days on the cars the troops disembarked at Tampa in\\nwhat their Colonel calls a perfect welter of confusion. The rail-\\nroad company landed them wherever it could. No one was on hand\\nto give them directions and no one to issue food for the first twenty-\\nfour hours. The commanders bought what they could for their men\\nto eat and paid for it out of their own pockets, but even then the sol-\\ndiers were without warm food or drink during all the first arduous\\nstages of camp making.\\nIt is a trying task to bring order out of chaos when the fault is\\nnot one s own, and particularly exasperating when hunger adds more\\nmisery to the situation. But the Rough Riders were patient and for-\\nbearing. Then, as always, they set about the next duty without mur-\\nmuring.\\nIndeed, they would have been ashamed to do anything else, for\\ntheir commander shared every hardship with them. Colonel Wood\\nthey loved and respected, though he left them so soon for the com-\\nmand of a brigade that he was not identified so closely with the life", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "284 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nof the regiment as Theodore Roosevelt. He was their hero whom\\nthey would have followed over burning plowshares, if need was, as\\nsteadily as to the Cuban island. It is not often given to a man to\\nhave such worship and devotion as was accorded to Roosevelt by his\\nRough Riders. But this was his first reward for a long career of un-\\nswerving, unflinching honesty that proved his sterling worth.\\nSome of the cowboys of his regiment in a spirit of good natured\\nfun nicknamed him Laughing Horse, and a poem on the subject\\nfound its way into The Criterion. When the term of service was\\nover, the cowboys, and every other soldier in the regiment, as well,\\nwould have repeated four lines of it with all the force of personal\\nconviction:\\nBesides, you were square as a die, old pard,\\nAnd all that a man should be.\\nSo I m with you Teddy Roosevelt,\\nOld Laughing Horse for me!\\nThe Rough Riders were ready for war and all that it meant. But\\nthe Government did not need them all. It was necessary to leave\\nbehind four troops entire, and some men also from the troops that\\nwere taken. It was difficult to make the choice and the disappoint-\\nment of those who could not go was so keen and bitter that officers\\nand men wept like children. They had given up so much for the\\nwar that they felt as if nothing else could be worth while except\\nactive service. Yet the inconspicuous heroes who did their uninter-\\nesting camp duty at home while their comrades were making history,\\nsurely deserve praise and commendation from their countrymen. For\\nthey, too, had the heart to do and the spirit to dare.\\nThe Rough Riders remained ten days in Tampa before embarking.\\nWhen they were once safely aboard their transport ship Yucatan, there\\nwas little incident to vary the eight days A oyage to Daiquiri. The\\nmen became better acquainted in their amusements and in the exchange\\nof jokes. Nicknames were plentiful and as an indication of the inti-\\nmacy of the men were very interesting.\\nA brave but fastidious member of a well-known Eastern club,\\nsays Roosevelt, who was serving in the ranks, was christened Tough\\nIke; and his bunker, the man who shared his shelter tent, who was\\na decidedly rough cow-puncher, gradually acquired the name of The\\ndude. One unlucky and simple-minded cow-puncher who had never\\nbeen east of the great plains in his life, unwarily boasted that he had", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 285\\nan aunt in New York and ever afterward went by the name of Met-\\nropolitan Bill. A huge red-headed Irishman was named Sheeney Solo-\\nmon. A young- Jew, who developed into one of the best fighters in\\nthe regiment, accepted, with entire equanimity, the name of Pork-\\nchop.\\nSurprises were the order of the day in this regiment and it was not\\nat all strange, for instance, that Captain Buckey O Neil, the iron-\\nnerved, iron-willed fighter from Arizona, the sheriff whose name was\\na by-word of terror to every wrongdoer, white or red, the gambler\\nwho with unmoved face would stake and lose every dollar he had\\nin the world, should have been overheard by his Colonel discussing\\nAryan root-words with Dr. Robb Church. The stories and tales that\\nwent round added miles of horizon to the imagination of those who\\nlistened, for taken all together, the soldiers of the regiment had ex-\\nplored nearly every corner of the earth and had passed thi ough the\\nwhole gamut of human experience.\\nIII. THE CAMPAIGN IN CUBA.\\nAt the end of the voyage came the dramatic and dangerous per-\\nformance of landing at Daiquiri, where the Rough Riders with the\\nrest of the seven thousand men, were put ashore in small row boats.\\nThese had either to be run up through the surf and beached or landed\\nat a pier, so high that the only way of reaching it was by a mighty\\nleap just as the boat rose on the top-most crest of a wave. Several\\nboats filled with supplies and ammunition were swamped and only\\na few rifles could be recovered by the men who dived after the miss-\\ning cargoes. Two men also, were drowned, but considering the awk-\\nwardness and primitive method of landing, the wonder is not that\\nthere should have been any men at all drowned, but that there should\\nhave been as few.\\nRoosevelt begged that his regiment might be one of the first to go\\nto the front. His request was granted. Almost as soon as the Rough\\nRiders, therefore, were all on shore, they began to march forward with\\nthe rest of the advance column on the narrow trail, full of streng-th\\nand courage. On Thursday, June 23, the day following the landing,\\nthe army advanced to Juragua. This place the enemy hastily evacu-\\nated. By night the two main divisions of the invaders, advancing by\\ndifferent roads had met on the high ground surrounding the city of\\nSantiago, within ten miles of the guns of Morro.\\n19", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "286 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThe army even at this time had a foretaste of the real misery of\\nthe war lack of shelter and food. The soldiers even then began to\\nmake jokes about the possibility of being killed by hunger before the\\nenemy Lad a shot at them. For the food sent to them at that time\\nwas scanty and unsuitable, and during all the hardest part of the cam-\\npaign the same deplorable state of affairs existed.\\nIn reference to this Roosevelt says in The Rough Riders:\\nOf course no one would have minded in the least such hardships\\nas we endured had there been any need of enduring them; but there\\nwas none. System and suflQciency of transportation were all that were\\nneeded.\\nAt daybreak on Friday the forward movement began again. The\\nheat was intense, the jungle almost impassable. The Rough Riders\\nwere weary from the journey and their forced march. But they beat\\ntheir way untiringly thi ough thick brush and treacherous swamps with\\nthe rest of the guarding column. The sound of trees falling gave\\nwarning that the enemy was ahead preparing defenses. Almost be-\\nfore they realized it the firing began. Spanish sharpshooters con-\\ncealed in the trees dropped accurate bullets among them. Volley after\\nvolley assailed them from the enemy screened behind the bushes. The\\nsmokeless powder used gave no clew to their whereabouts. But the\\norder for a general charge was given and with a cheer regulars and\\nRough Riders obeyed the order, firing where they could, as they plunged\\nalong over the uneven ground into the first engagement of the war, the\\nbattle of Las Guasimas.\\nThe Spaniards had made careful preparations. They had placed\\nnearly fifteen hundred men in front of the advancing column and on\\nits sides. They had arranged an ambush and they held the ridges with\\nrifle guns and machine guns. It was a warm reception, truly, for our\\nsoldiers. The Spanish fire was well placed and very heavy. The enemy\\nheld their ground obstinately. But it was impossible to hold out\\nagainst American pluck. In spite of every obstacle the invaders forced\\nthe pass and won the victory.\\nWhen the fighting was over and the rush and hurrj- and the fev-\\nerish intensity of battle had given place to temporary calm and quiet,\\nthe history of the day was told again and again as each man had seen\\nit for himself. It was a wonderful story, for every foot of ground\\nover which the soldiers had advanced bore its record of brave and fear-\\nless deeds.\\nHamilton Fish, Jr., and Captain Capron fell at the outset. Two of", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 287\\nthe best soldiers in the army, their commander calls them, and he adds\\nthey were two as gallant men as ever wore uniform. Hamilton Fish,\\nat the very front of the column, shot a Spaniard in ambush. Then a\\nbullet struck him and he sank down at the foot of a tree. Captain\\nCapron and others rallied about him, he gave a watch to one of his\\nmessmates and at the end of twenty minutes died, the first man killed\\nby the Spanish fire.\\nA little later Captain Capron himself, leading the advance guard\\nin person and displaying the utmost coolness and courage in the way\\nhe handled his men, was mortally wounded. Two soldiers lifted him\\nfrom the ground.\\nHow are the boys fighting, he asked. Like h 1, sir, answered\\none of the troopers. Very well, said the Captain, I m going to see\\nthis out.\\nHe asked for a gun and dragging himself up on one knee he delib-\\nerately aimed and fired two shots. At each discharge a Spaniard fell.\\nSergeant Bell seized the gun of a dead comrade and kneeling beside him\\nfired steadily. Captain Capron gave the sergeant messages to his wife\\nand father, bade him good-by as cheerfully as if he had been saying\\ngood-night, and a few minutes afterward died as bravely as he had lived.\\nHamilton Fish and Captain Capron but serve as examples of the\\nbravery of the rest. For the soldiers, all of them, were the stuff of\\nwhich heroes are made. When a man was hit he had to shift for\\nhimself as best he could.\\nNo man, writes Roosevelt, was allowed to drop out to help the\\nwounded. It was hard to leave them there in the jungle where they\\nmight not be found again until the vultures and the land crabs came,\\nbut war is a grim game and there was no choice. One of the men\\nshot was Harry Heffner, of G Troop, who was mortally wounded\\nthrough the hips. He fell without uttering a sound and two of his\\ncompanions dragged him behind- a tree. Here he propped himself up\\nand asked to be given his canteen and his rifle, which I handed to him.\\nHe then again began shooting, and continued loading and firing until\\nthe line moved forward and we left him alone, dying in the gloomy\\nshade. When we found him again, after the fight, he was dead.\\nAnother brave man was Thomas Osbell, a half-breed Cherokee, who\\nreceived seven wounds. Half an hour elapsed between the first one\\nand the last. He refused to go to the rear, and would have waited\\nfor the eighth if loss of blood had not made him too faint to stand.\\nMajor Brodie was in the frontmost rank. By his presence and ex-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "28S SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nample he had kept his men, some of them seeing action for the first\\ntime, absolutely firm and steady under a most terrible fire. Suddenly\\nhe was hit by a bullet which whirled him about as he stood and shat-\\ntered his arm. He persisted in staying where he was, until pain over-\\ncame him, and he was carried perforce to the rear.\\nLieutenant Thomas, badly wounded, was carried into the shade by\\nsome of his men. He was in great agony, yet he begged to be carried\\nforward.\\nFor God s sake, take me to the front, he said. Do you hear me?\\nI order you I tell you, I order we must give them do you\\nhear? We must give them They have killed Capron they have\\nkilled my captain. Merciful unconsciousness overtook him while he\\nwas still begging to go to the front.\\nIn the field hospital lay a little group of twenty men, all badly\\nwounded. The battle agony was in their faces, their red badge of\\ncourage stained the Cuban soil, yet in their hearts there was no fear.\\nSome one began to sing\\n-a^\\nMy country, tis of thee.\\nSweet land of liberty.\\nOf thee we sing.\\nOthers joined in. The eyes of the men bore the glaze of approach-\\ning death, others sang jerkily and off key, and more than one quaver-\\ning voice was stopped by the finger of Death upon his lips. Yet the\\nanthem was finished sung for the first time by American soldiers,\\nfighting for the first time on Cuban soil, under the flag they loved.\\nLieutenant Ord and his men had captured a rifle pit. A Spaniard,\\nbadly wounded, was still firing. One of Ord s men took aim, but the\\nLieutenant ordered him not to fire at a wounded man. He lowered his\\ngun. The Spaniard took deliberate aim at Lieutenant Ord and blew\\nhis brains out. Ord s men at once killed the Spaniard, not with a bul-\\nlet, as a soldier hopes to go, but with the butts of their rifles as such\\na man should be dispatched.\\nCaptain Capron, of the artillery, lifted the blanket which covered\\nhis dead boy s face. Well done, my son, was all he said, but it was\\nenough. For the boy had died fighting for his country, and there is\\nno nobler death.\\nA hundred other instances might be told of the courage of the sol-\\ndiers. But they were true and noble, all. Well may the country glory", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 289\\nin the splendid body of men wlio from the greatest unto the least did\\neach his duty as he saw it.\\nCaptain Capron was buried in Juragua on the hillside near the sea-\\nshore. But all the other Rough Riders who fell in the battle of Las\\nGuasimas lie together in one gTave, at the toj) of the hill which they\\nhad died to win.\\nThere could be no more honorable burial, writes Roosevelt in the\\nstory of the regiment, than that of these men in a common grave\\nIndian and cowboy, miner, packer and college athlete the man of\\nunknown ancestry from the lonely Western plains, and the man who\\ncarried on his watch the crests of the Stuyvesants and Fishes, one in\\nthe way they had met death, just as during life they had been one\\nin their daring and loyalty.\\nNo stained glass windows shed softened light upon the faces of\\nthose who lay on the hillside, no organ sounded the majestic chords\\nof the funeral march, and no roses lay in their folded hands. It was\\ngrim and silent and pitiful. But the brief tropic dusk made their\\ncathedral and the taps from the bugle was their last good night.\\nOver their grave is an inscription to the memory of eight unknown\\nsoldiers. Unknown, perhaps, but not forgotten, for they are the eight\\nwho received the baptism of fire for the flag, under its stars in a land\\nthey were trying to make free.\\nThe sufferings of the wounded after the battle of Las Guasimas\\nwere greatly intensified by the lack not only of cots and other com-\\nforts of the sick room but of medicine and even shelter itself. It seemed\\nhard that men should lie in the railroad shed at Siboney till it was\\nfull and then on the ground, exposed to the drenching Cuban rain when\\nthere were plenty of tents in the holds of the transport ships. They\\ndid not complain. They lay there hour after hour, suffering in silence,\\ntill their turn came to be lifted upon the grim improvised operating\\ntable and to feel the knife of the surgeon, working unremittingly by the\\nlight of a flickering candle. Then there was nothing to do but put\\nthe patient back again upon the oozy soil, without even a blanket to\\ncover him. It was hard, too, to offer a man burning up with fever,\\nsalt pork and hard tack, when there was abundance of suitable food\\non the ships, and it seemed unnecessary that many men should die\\nfor lack of the medicine that had not been unloaded. But such was\\nthe case. Lack of foresight and inefficiency of transportation were\\nagain responsible for a vast amount of seemingly unnecessary misery.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "290 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nBut it may have been the best thiugr thus to hurry forward and close\\nthe contest as speedily as possible.\\nThe morning following the battle of Las Guasimas Roosevelt went\\nto Siboney to visit the wounded, and after looking about at the heroes\\nhe said with a ring of his voice that no one who heard him will ever\\nforget\\nBoys, if there is a man in the United States who wouldn t be\\nproud to change places with you he is not worth his salt, and he is\\nnot a true American.\\nThe first four days after the battle were uneventful. There was\\nvery little food for the soldiers. Tents were an unknown luxury.\\nEvery tenth man had a blanket which he had captured from the Span-\\niards, but the other nine were without shelter or protection against\\nthe frequent rains. But neither regulars nor Bough Riders grumbled.\\nAbout this time Colonel Wood was put in command of a brigade and\\nRoosevelt was made Colonel of his regiment. Close on his appoint-\\nment followed the thrilling battle of San Juan Hill, beginning the first\\nday of July.\\nDuring the first part of the action the Rough Riders were held in\\nreserve for what seemed to them an interminable length of time. They\\nfell, man after man, wounded or killed by Spanish bullets without a\\nchance to return a shot.\\nAt last the order was given to support the regulars and to make\\nan attack on San Juan Hill in force. Nothing could have been more\\nwelcome to the men than the chance to hunt down the enemies who\\nwere dealing out death to them so unsparingly.\\nRoosevelt was ahead, mounted on horseback. He wore on his som-\\nbrero a blue polka dot handkerchief, and as he rode it fluttered out\\nstraight behind him. His men scrambled along after him as best\\nthey could up the slippery hill that gave them no footing, a few in\\nadvance and the othei s creejiing along behind.\\nUp they went and up through a perfect rain of deadly bullets.\\nThere was no glitter, no sound of trumpets, no detachment of men\\nkeeping step to the music of a band. But all along the straggling\\nrows men dropped and lay where they fell or struggled toward shelter-\\ning bushes, while their comrades pushed on to take their places.\\nThe lin( of soldiers rose higher and higher. The half way point\\nwas reached. The fire of the Spaniards was redoubled; their bullets\\nhissed like a thousand serpents.\\nThen for one moment the enemy appeared, black and forbidding,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 291\\nbetween our soldiers and the sky. They fired one volley and fled, as\\nthe men of the Tenth and the Kough Riders reached the blockhouse\\ntogether.\\nSan Juan Hill was ours.\\nThe Stars and Stripes floated over the trenches and the yellow silk\\nflags of the cavalry were planted beside them.\\nThe victors swung their hats and tried to cheer. They were breath-\\nless from the hot climb. Their throats were dry and dusty, but the\\nsound of that faint shout to those listening far below seemed sweeter\\nthan any music.\\nNo hero of old who rode to battle with shining armor and flying\\nplumes ever showed finer courage than those men in their blue blouses,\\ngrimy with battle, who set their teeth and climbed up the smooth hill\\nthat seemed as long as eternity itself. It was the grim, tenacious,\\nobstinate courage, that needs no stage setting of music and applause\\nto stir it to duty. It is the kind that endures till death or victory.\\nThe losses of the battle itself were heavy, those preceding the battle\\nwhen the men lay waiting for the command to move, perhaps as heavy.\\nCaptain Mills fell as he was giving an order. Captain O Neil, of the\\nRough Riders, walking up and down before his men, who were call-\\ning to him to take shelter, said: There is no Spanish bullet made\\nthat can kill me. Even as he spoke one of the deadly messengers\\npassed between his lips and silenced him forever.\\nSteel, Swift and Henry were shot out of their saddles. The sharp-\\nshooters and the guerrillas hidden in the trees above the trail did\\nmost cruel work. No smoke betrayed them and their bullets came\\nfrom every side. They spared no one, but took a fiendish delight in\\nhitting those already wounded, the soldiers who were carrying them,\\nthe surgeons and the representatives of the Red Cross.\\nRoosevelt seemed to bear a charmed life. Mounted on horseback,\\nas he was, he made a conspicuous target at which many a Spaniard\\naimed. No one who saw him start up San Juan Hill on a gallop ever\\nexpected to see him alive again. But not a bullet touched him. He\\nreached the blockhouse on the top of the hill, with four troopers, be-\\nfore all the Spaniards had abandoned it and killed one of them who\\nwas still firing, with his own revolver. He had a narrow escape, too,\\nwhile standing with a group of officers near the top of the ridge in\\nadvance of his command. Two shells in swift succession screeched\\nover their heads from the direction of Santiago; one killed a Cuban,\\nand the other burst a short distance from the Colonel. A fra -ment of", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "292 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nit struck Roosevelt on the first knuckle of the left hand, causing the\\nblood to flow freely. He walked over to some of his men and held out\\nhis hand, remarking with a smile:\\nWell boys, I got it too, but the Spaniards will have to beat that.\\nIn the battle of Las Guasimas, likewise, he had seemed to be Provi-\\ndentially preserved for the work that waited him later. He ran un-\\nheard of risks but escaped eveiy time. Once he was standing behind\\na tree and by some impulse put his head to one side to look beyond\\nit, when a Mauser bullet passed through the tree just where his head\\nhad been an instant before.\\nA story is told of him during this battle illustrating the amusing\\nincidents which sometimes occur even during the gravest events.\\nRoosevelt is very near-sighted and very dependent on his glasses. Be-\\nfore the war it was his custom to wear nose glasses with a black silk\\ncord attached. These were obviously out of place in a Cuban cam-\\npaign, so he provided himself with a dozen pairs of very large, round\\nspectacles with steel hooks for the ears. These he distributed so that\\nno one accident could destroy them all. One pair he sewed in his\\nblouse, another in his belt, another in his hat, two in his saddle bags,\\nand the others wherever he could stow them away safely. At the\\nfight of Las Guasimas his horse, while held by an orderly, was flecked\\nby a bullet which sent him plunging frantically against a tree. Roose-\\nvelt rushed up, full of anxious concern, and began to pry under the\\nsaddle flap.\\nThey haven t hurt the nag, sir, said the orderly.\\nI know, I know, said the Colonel with exasperation in his voice;\\nbut they ve smashed my specs.\\nDuring the three days battle of San Juan the men had a good demon-\\nstration of the hardships of war. They fought all day and dug in the\\ntrenches most of the night. They had almost nothing to eat, but no\\none shirked. They were drenched to the skin by tropical rains and\\nthen chilled through and through by the night air.\\nTo wake men up at 5 a. m., says their commander, who have\\nhad nothing to eat, nothing to cover them wake them up sutklenly\\nand have them all run the right way; that is the test. Such men are\\na good lot. There wasn t a man who went to the rear.\\nThis is Colonel Roosevelt s side of the story, but his men had an-\\nother to tell. They had lain for forty-eight hours in the muddy ditches\\nand it seemed as if their endurance was at an end. They were worn\\nout, hungry and discouraged. Suddenly, early in the morning the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 293\\nSpaniards appeared at the top of the hill. The men in the trenches\\nstirred restlessly. They felt as if they wanted to turn anywhere away\\nfrom those whizzing balls. Just at that moment they saw Colonel\\nRoosevelt with his blue handkerchief flapping about his neck, walking\\nas calmly along the top of the intrenchment as if he had been taking\\na stroll at Oyster Bay.\\nThe rain of Mauser bullets dropping about him gave him no con-\\ncern whatever. The men cheered him and called him to come down.\\nIn the face of such coolness and bravery all their uneasiness vanished\\nin a moment. They were again courageous soldiers, ready to fight till\\nevery Spaniard had fallen or fled.\\nOn the seventeenth of July Santiago surrendered. But it was at\\na heavy cost to our army. The climate and the lack of suitable food\\nwere as fatal as the enemy s bullets and the army was a mere skele-\\nton of itself. A few sporadic cases of yellow fever appeared. But\\nthe disease did not spread. Malarial fever was the great foe, and\\nnearly every soldier had at least a touch of it. Man after man was\\ndying of disease and lack of nourishment. Not ten per cent of the\\narmy was fit for active service. The four immune regiments ordered\\nthere were sufficient to garrison the town. There was absolutely noth-\\ning for the soldiers to do. But still the authorities at Washington did\\nnot give the order to return.\\nAt last, after Colonel Roosevelt had taken the initiative, all the\\nAmerican general officers united in a round robin to General Shaf-\\nfer setting forth the true state of affairs.\\nThis army must be moved at once or perish, they wrote. As\\nthe army can be safely moved now, the persons responsible for prevent-\\ning such a move will be responsible for the unnecessary loss of many\\nthousand lives.\\nAs a result of this protest the officials at Washington finally woke\\nto the fact that the army must be ordered home or there would be\\nnothing left to order. When the command reached Cuba the men\\ncould scarcely contain themselves for joy. Colonel Roosevelt marched\\nto the ship at the head of his regiment. There were many gaps in it\\nwhich could never be filled, and many soldier graves on the island to\\ntell the sad story of the war. But there were many heroes, too, re-\\nserved for a kinder fate, and many who received their promotion and\\nmarched home again to the reward of their bravery.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "294 SPLENDID DEEDS OX SEA AND LAND.\\nTHE RETURN FROM CUBA.\\nThe Rough Riders landed at Long Island after a prosperous voyage\\nand encamped at Montauk Point. Their work was over. They had\\nproved their valor in the eyes of all the world. For a few weeks longer\\nthey remained together, then they scattered to resume the occupations\\nof ijeace once more. The minister went back to his pulpit, the gambler\\nto his den, the cowboy to his Western plains, the professor to his col-\\nlege, the half-breed to his Indian reservation and the aristocrat to his\\nclub.\\nTheodore Roosevelt was called to Albany to sit in the Governor s\\nchair. There, fearless and staunch as ever, he worked for the good of\\nthe State. He put into important positions men who could be trusted,\\nand his party liked them or not as it pleased. He stood behind an\\ninvestigation which routed a dishonest New York surrogate from his\\nplace. Perhaps the most important work of his administration was\\nthe passage of the Ford Franchise Rill, taxing the franchises of rail-\\nroads, telephones, gas and similar corporations which use in any man-\\nner the public highways. At an extra session of the Assembly, called\\nfor the purpose in the teeth of a most determined majority in the Sen-\\nate, Governor Roosevelt compelled the adoption of certain amendments\\nto this bill securing fair play for the corporations, as well as for the\\ncity and State.\\nTHE REUNION OF THE ROUGH RIDERS.\\nAfter a year of remarkable success in governing the State of New\\nYork Colonel Roosevelt went to Las Vegas, New Mexico, to attend the\\nfirst reunion of his regiment.\\nThe opening day was given over to the joy of reunion, to elabo-\\nrate receptions and fireworks. The second was the anniversary of the\\nbattle of Las Guasimas and a service was held in memory of the dead.\\nIt was very impressive.\\nThe marvelous amount of color, says one of those who was pres-\\nent, worn in this southwestern country was never better illustrated\\nthan in the gathering at the Opera House for these services. Cowboys\\nin every kind of garb, guardsmen of the New Mexico National Guard,\\nRoutrh Riders, Indians, Mexican women and children from the adobes,\\nranchmen in their picturesque attire, were all there, decorated with", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 295\\nthe cavalry color, intersplashed with bands of red and blue, pink and\\neverything else that was bright.\\nIt was a different picture from the sober scene of a year before,\\nwhen a body of men had fought their way inch by inch through the\\nCuban jungle with the enemy s bullets dropping about them.\\nBut when Parson Uzzell began to preach to them the Rough Riders\\nfelt as if they were living the battle over again. In Sherman s phrase,\\nit was the hour when a regiment gets very near to its God.\\nThe women who had contributed some precious life to the war\\nsobbed outright, and the men wiped their eyes furtively. When Par-\\nson Uzzell ended his sermon by reading Kipling s Recessional, a deep\\nhush fell over the audience.\\nThen Colonel Roosevelt arose and said:\\nI have listened to Beecher and to Brooks but I have never heard\\nthe like of this before. I would ask that this sermon be printed for\\ndistribution among the Rough Riders.\\nLafe Young, who had been with the regiment in Cuba, only inten-\\nsified the effect of solemnity by his simple and touching tribute to the\\ndead, which followed the sermon. At the close he pronounced the\\nbenediction:\\nMay the God of Isaac and Jacob, of Cromwell and Milton, of Wash-\\nington and Lincoln, be with and preserve this republic and its people.\\nThe amen of the vast audience was like the voice of the nation\\nanswering.\\nIn the afternoon all the interest centered about the presentation of\\na medal to Colonel Roosevelt and a sword to the gallant Major Brodie,\\ngiven by the Rough Riders and the citizens of New Mexico.\\nHon. Frank Springer presented the medal to the Colonel and made\\na ringing speech which caused every Rough Rider to thrill and tingle\\nwith pride in his birthright as American citizen.\\nThe mighty fact, Mr. Springer said, which the year 1898 brought\\nforth was not the glory of war, which added to the annals of our vic-\\ntorious arms the names of Manila and Santiago. It was not that our\\narmies were valiant or our navy invincible, for these facts are not new\\nto our history. But it is that now after a centurj of internal dissen-\\nsion the fruit of antagonistic interests and discordant elements the\\nnation has been born again and that there is realized in fact that grand\\nideal set before us in the admonitions of Washington, the exhortations\\nof Webster and the yearnings of the patient and farseeing Lincoln a\\ncomplete and perfect union.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "296 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nOf this transcendent fact the must splendid witness was that band\\nof heroes whose survivors have assembled to meet you here to-day. As\\nif to furnish the world a living proof of this new birth among the na-\\ntions, they came together under the magic of your name the most re-\\nmarkable body of men that ever followed the American flag.\\nMen from every section, of every race, calling and condition, Pro-\\ntestant, Catholic and Jew, American and Indian, the millionaire and the\\nbreadwinner, the cowpuncher and the dude, from East to West, and\\nfrom North to South they gathered, sons of rebel and Yankee alike to\\nmarch in ranks of war against a foreign foe, the very incarnation of\\nthe American people. When they planted our glorious emblem upon\\nthe bloody heights of San Juan, where all the world might see, they\\nset the symbol of a reunited people.\\nA few hours afterward the regiment dispersed for the second time.\\nBut its soldiers carried to the four corners of the country the inspira-\\ntion of that meeting. However far they may be separated in place and\\nthought, the name of Roosevelt will bridge the distance, and the words\\nof Kipling s mighty war song will be to them as a password into that\\nstrange and wonderful experience of war and battle which they shared\\ntogether.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXII.\\nSPANISH-AMERICAN WAR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SUMMARY OF EVENTS.\\nWe now give a brief but comprehensive summary of the events of\\nthe war.\\nAPRIL, 1899.\\nApril 7. Several diplomatic officials of Great Britain, Germany,\\nFrance, Austria, Italy and Russia, met the President at the White\\nHouse bearing a. message of friendship and peace. The collective note\\nof the great powers was replied to by the President in fitting terms.\\nApril 10. The Spanish Minister presented the final plea of his Gov-\\nernment for peace to Mr. Day, the assistant secretary of state.\\nApril 11. President McKinley sent his war message to Congress.\\nApril 19. Congress passed a joint resolution by a vote of 42 yeas\\nto 35 nays in the Senate, and of 319 yeas to 6 nays in the House of\\nRepresentatives, declaring war against Spain.\\nApril 20. The President approved the resolution.\\nApril 21. General Woodford, Minister to Spain, received his pass-\\nports from the Spanish Government.\\nApril 22. Blockading proclamation issued. It was also on this\\ndate that the first gun of the war was fired by the gunboat Nashville\\nin capturing the first prize of the war, the Buena Ventura.\\nApril 23. The President called for 125,000 volunteers for service\\nduring two years.\\nApril 24. Spain issued a decree that war existed with the United\\nStates.\\nApril 25, War formally declared by Congress against Spain.\\nApril 27. First battle of the war was fought off Matanzas by Ad-\\nmiral Sampson with the New York, the Puritan and the Cincinnati.\\nApril 29. Cervera s fleet sailed for Cuba.\\nApril 30. The battleship Oregon arrived at Rio de Janeiro from\\nSan Francisco.\\nMAY.\\nMay 1. Admiral Dewey destroyed the entire Spanish fleet under\\nAdmiral Montojo in the Bay of Manila.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "298 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nMay 2. Commodore Dewey cut the cable connections between Ma-\\nnila and Hong Kong and took possession of the naval station at Cavite.\\nMay 4. The vessels of Rear Admiral Sampson s fleet sailed from\\nKey West.\\nMay 6. The French steamer La Fayette was captured as a blockade\\nrunner.\\nMay 7. Commodore Dewey was promoted to be Rear Admiral and\\ngiven the thanks of Congress.\\nMay 11. Naval encounter at Cardenas resulting in the death of\\nEnsign Bagley.\\nMay 12. First fight on Cuban soil in attempting to land supplies.\\nPart of the fleet under Admiral Sampson bombarded the batteries de-\\nfending San Juan, Porto Rico.\\nMay 13. The Flying Squadron under Commodore Schley sailed\\nfrom Hampton Roads.\\nMay 15. The entire Spanish Cabinet resigned.\\nMay 16. General Merritt was assigned to the new department of\\nthe Pacific, including the Philippines.\\nMay 18. The cruiser Charleston, Captain Glass, sailed from San\\nFrancisco for the Philippines.\\nMay 19. Cervera s fleet arrived in the bay of Santiago de Cuba.\\nMay 21. The monitor ilonterey was ordered to Manila.\\nMay 23. The 1st California regiment embarked on the City of Pek-\\ning for Manila.\\nMay 25. The President called for 75,000 additional volunteers.\\nMay 26. The Oregon arrived at Key West.\\nMay 30. Commodore Schley sent a dispatch that he had seen Cer-\\nvera s fleet in the bay of Santiago de Cuba.\\nJUNE.\\nJune 1. Admiral Sampson joined Commodore Schley and took\\ncommand of the united American fleets, composed of sixteen warships,\\noff Santiago de Cuba.\\nJune 3. The Merrimac was sunk in the mouth of the Santiago har-\\nbor and Hobson was taken prisoner with the seven brave men who vol-\\nunteered to accompany him.\\nJune 6. Teu ships bombarded the batteries at Santiago de Cuba.\\nJune 7. The French cable was cut in Guantanamo Bay.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SUMMARY OF EVENTS. 299\\nJune 10. Six hundred United States marines were landed at Cai-\\nmanera, near Guautanamo and located at Camp McCalla.\\nJune 11 and 12. Fighting took place at Camp McCalla.\\nJune 13. Camara s fleet sailed from Spain. A portion of the first\\nmilitary expedition left Tampa, Florida, for Santiago de Cuba.\\nJune 14. Spanish troops were pursued by scouting parties of ma-\\nrines and Cubans on Guantanamo bay; 200 Spaniards killed and\\nwounded.\\nJune 15. The Texas, Marblehead and Suwanee bombarded the forts\\nat Caimanera.\\nJune 10. Forts at Santiago were again bombarded by Sampson s\\nfleet.\\nJune IS. Admiral Camara s fleet arrived at Cartagena.\\nJune 20. United States troopships arrived at Santiago de Cuba.\\nJune 21 and 22. The American army under General Shafter landed\\nat Daiquiri and Siboney from the troopships.\\nJune 22. The auxiliary cruiser St. Paul destroyed the Spanish\\ntorpedo boat Terror.\\nJune 23. The monitor Monadnock sailed for Manila.\\nJune 21. General Young and the Rough Riders attack the Span-\\niards at La Guasimas, near Sevilla. Hamilton Fish, Jr., and Captain A.\\nK. Capron were killed.\\nJune 25. The Americans under General Chaffee occupied Sevilla.\\nJune 2G. The advance American forces reached San Juan, four miles\\ndistant from Santiago.\\nJune 27. The third Manila expedition, commanded by General\\nArthur Mac Arthur, sailed from San Francisco.\\nJune 28. President McKinley issued proclamation extending the\\nblockade further of Cuban ports.\\nJune 29. Major-General Merritt sailed for the Philippines from San\\nFrancisco. General Snyder s division of troops sailed for Santiago de\\nCuba, from Tampa.\\nJune 30. The Cruiser Charleston, with three transports, arrived in\\nManila bay.\\nJULY.\\nJuly 1 and 2. General Lawton, General Kent, General Chaffee,\\nGeneral Young, Colonel Roosevelt, with Grimes, Capron and other brave", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "300 SPLENDID DEEDS OX SEA AND LAND.\\nofifieers and men, take the heights of El Caney and San Juan, overlook-\\ning Santiago de Cuba. The American losses in the two days engage-\\nment were: Officers killed, 23; men, 20S. Officers wounded, 80; men,\\n1,203. Missing, 81 men.\\nJuly 3. Destruction of Cervera s fleet.\\nJuly 4. Truce established between the contending forces.\\nJuly 5. General Toral refused to surrender the city. The truce was\\nextended.\\nJuly 6. Lieutenant Hobson and his men exchanged.\\nJuly 7. An extension of armistice wfts granted.\\nJuly 8. The Concord and the Ealeigh, of Admiral Dewey s squad-\\nron, took possession of Isla Grande in Subig bay, on the island of Luzon.\\nJuly 9. General Miles sailed from Charleston on the Yale for San-\\ntiago de Cuba. General Toral offered to surrender if his troops Avere\\npermitted to march out with their arms. The proposal was not accepted.\\nJuly 11. General Miles arrived at Santiago de Cuba, and conferred\\nwith General Shafter. Firing was resumed against the Spanish defenses.\\nJuly 14. General Toral agreed to surrender.\\nJuly 15. The fourth Manila expedition sailed from San Francisco,\\nunder General Otis, with 1,700 troops.\\nJuly 16. Admiral Cervera and the officers captured from his fleet\\narrived at Annapolis as prisoners of war.\\nJuly 17. The City of Santiago de Cuba formally surrendered to\\nGeneral Shafter.\\nJuly 18. President McKinley issued his proclamation regarding\\nthe government of Santiago de Cuba.\\nJuly 25. General Miles landed in Porto Rico, near Ponce.\\nJuly 2G. Spain proposed peace through the French Ambassador,\\nM. Jules Cambon.\\nJuly 27. The American forces advanced against Yauco, in Porto\\nRico.\\nJuly 28. General Brooke sailed with his command from Newport\\nNews for Porto Rico.\\nJuly 29. The American forces moved towards Malate on the road\\nto Manila.\\nJuly 30. The President transmitted to Spain a statement regard-\\ning the basis of peace.\\nJuly 31. Battle of Malate between the Americans and Spanish\\nnear Cavite and Manila.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SUMMARY OF EVENTS. 301\\nAUGUST.\\nAug. 1. The American troops in Porto Rico moved toward San\\nJuan, General Miles having joined Generals Brooke and Schwan.\\nAug. 5. The town of Guayama, in Porto Eico, was captured after\\na slight engagement by the Fourth Ohio and the Third Illinois Regi-\\nments.\\nAug. 7. Admiral Dewey and General Merritt demanded the surren-\\nder of Manila. The demand was refused.\\nAug. 8. A skirmish took place near Guayama, Porto Rico. Five\\nsoldiers of the Fourth Ohio were wounded.\\nAug. 9. The town of Coarao, Porto Rico, was captured. Spain s\\nreply to the peace proposition was presented to the President.\\nAug. 10. Secretary Day and M. Jules Cambon agreed on the terms\\nof a protocol to be sent to Spain for approval.\\nAug. 11. A protocol suspending hostilities was signed in Washing-\\nton at 4:23 p. m., M. Jules Cambon having received authority from Spain\\nto act for it.\\nAug. 13. Manila surrendered to the ti oops under General Merritt\\nand Admiral Dewey.\\nAug. 17. The President appointed, as commissioners to act regard-\\ning the evacuation of Cuba, Major-General James F. Wade, Rear\\nAdmiral Wm. T. Sampson, and Major-General Matthew C. Butler. For\\nPorto Rico he named Major-General John R. Brooke, Rear Admiral\\nWinfield S. Schley and Brigadier-General William W. Gordon.\\nAug. 19. Spain appointed as commissioners for Cuba, Major-General\\nGonzales Parrade, Rear Admiral Pastor y Landere and Marquis Mon-\\ntoro. For Porto Rico, Major-General Ortega y Diaz, Commodore S alla-\\nrino y Carrasco and Judge- Advocate Sanchez Aguila y Leon.\\nAug. 20. A grand naval parade was held in New York, in which\\nthe New York, Brooklyn, Massachusetts, Indiana, Texas, Oregon and\\nIowa participated.\\nSEPTEMBER.\\nSept. 9. President McKinley appointed as peace commissioners\\nWilliam R. Day of Ohio, Senators William P. Frye of Maine, Cushman\\nK. Davis of Minnesota, George Gray of Delaware and Mr. Whitelaw\\nReid of New York.\\nSept. 17. The American commissioners sailed for Paris.\\n20", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "302 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nSept. 18. The Spanish govcrnmont appointed as commissioners\\nSenor Montero Rios, Senor Abarzuza, Senor Garnioa, General Cevero\\nand Senor Villarrutia.\\nSept. 20. The evacuation of Porto Kico was begun.\\nSept. 21. Mustering out of volunteers ordered to begin at once.\\nSept. 24. IVIuch criticism having been made in various directions\\nregarding the conduct of the war, the President appointed a Commis-\\nsion of Investigation, which convened on this day at Washington. The\\ncommission was composed of the folhjwing persons: Major-General\\nGrenville M. Dodge of Iowa, Colonel J. A. Sexton of Illinois, Captain\\nE. P. Howell of Georgia, ilajor-General J. M. Wilson, chief of engineers\\nof the United States ai-my; the Hon. Charles Denby of Indiana, late\\nminister to China; ex-Governor Urban A. Woodbury of Vermont, ex-\\nGovernor James A. Beaver of Pennsylvania, Major-General A. McD.\\nMcCook of the army (retired), Dr. Pliineas S. Connor of Cincinnati.\\nGeneral Dodge was elected chairman of the commission.\\nTHE TREATY OF PARIS.\\nOn Christmas Eve, 1898, the Peace Commission delivered to the\\nPresident of the United States a copy of the treaty of peace drawn up\\nand signed in the city of Paris, December 10th, 1898. By this treaty,\\nSpain lost her sovereignty over Cuba and ceded to the United States\\nthe Island of Porto Rico and her other possessions in the West Indies,\\nthe Island of Guam in the Ladrones, and all her possessions in the\\nPhilippines.\\nThe Spanish commissioners asked an indemnity for the expense\\nSpain had incurred in the war with the Filipinos.\\nAs a compromise of this claim, the United States agreed to pay Spain\\n$20,000,000 within three months after the ratification of the treaty.\\nIn the Ignited States the ratification of the treaty was bitterly\\nopposed in many quarters, and it was not until February Gth, 1899, that\\ntlie Senate voted its approval.\\nIts action was accelei-ated, no doubt, by the fact that the Filipinos\\nhad attacked the American forces at Manila on February 5th, and\\nalthough a brilliant victory had been won by our troops, several of the\\nbrave soldiers had been killed and wounded. The American spirit at\\nhome was thoroughly aroused. Patriotism arose above party. Repub-\\nlicans, Democrats, Populists and Silverites voted to sustain the govern-\\nment by a vote of 57 to 27.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SUMMARY OF EVENTS. 303\\nCOST OF THE WAR IN 1898 TO BOTH NATIONS.\\nCost to Spain.\\nAlthough we have not official figures concerning the losses of the\\nSpaniards, the following may be considered a very good estimate:\\nLoss of Territory.\\nArea in sq. Miles. Population. Financial value.\\nCuba 41,( 55 1,631,087 .f300,000,000\\nPhilippines 114,050 7,670,000 450,000,000\\nPorto Rico 3,670 813,937 150,000,000\\nCaroline and Sulu Islands 111,000\\nThese are unimportant, except for naval stations.\\nCost of War 125,000,000\\nLoss of Commerce 20,000,000\\nThirty Ships Lost 30,000,000\\nTotal Financial Loss $1,075,000,000\\nLoss of Life.\\nKilled 2,500\\nWounded 3,000\\nCost to the United States.\\nOver against the enormous losses by Spain we find ours to be the\\nfollowing:\\nBattleship Maine 2,500,000\\nCost of War 200,000,000\\nIndemnity to Spain 20,000,000\\nTotal 1222,000,000\\nLoss of Life.\\nBattleship Maine 266\\nKilled in action (about) 253\\nWounded (about) 1 ,324\\nDied in Camp (about) 2,000\\nTotal 3,833\\nThese figures do not include those who died after being mustered\\nout.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIII.\\nTHE PHILIPPINE QUESTION,\\nThe best possible presentation of the whole Philippine question is\\nthat given by President McKinley in his message to Congress, December\\n5, 1899. It is succinct, comprehensive and historical.\\nTHE TREATY OF PEACE.\\nOn the 10th of December, 1898, the treaty of peace between the\\nUnited States and Spain was signed. It provided, among other things,\\nthat Spain should cede to the United States the archipelago known\\nas the Philippine islands, that the United States should pay to Spain\\nthe sum of |20,000,000 and that the civil rights and political status of\\nthe native inhabitants of the territories thus ceded to the United States\\nshould be determined by the congress.\\nThe treaty was ratified by the senate on the 6th of February, 1899,\\nand by the government of Spain on the 19th of March following. The\\nratifications were exchanged on the 11th of April, and the treaty pub-\\nlicly proclaimed. On the 2d of March the congress voted the sum con-\\ntemplated by the treaty and the amount was paid over to the Spanish\\ngovernment on the 1st of May.\\nIn this manner the Philippines came to the United States. The\\nislands were ceded by the government of Spain, which had been in\\nundisputed possession of them for centuries. They were accepted not\\nmerely by our authorized commissioners in Paris, under the direction\\nof the executive, but by the constitutional and well-considered action\\nof the representatives of the people of the United States in both\\nhouses of congress.\\nI had every reason to believe, and I still believe, that this transfer\\nof sovereignty was in accordance with the wishes and the aspirations\\nof the great mass of the Filipino people, not to make war.\\nFrom the earliest moment no opportunity was lost of assuring the\\npeople of the islands of our ardent desire for their welfare and of the\\nintention of this government to do everything possible to advance their\\ninterests. In my order of the 19th of May, 1898, the commander of the\\nmilitary expedition dispatched to the Philippines was instructed te\\n304", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "AGUINALDO, THE INSURGENT LEADER\\nOF THE FILIPINOS", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "THE PHILIPPINE QUESTION. 305\\ndeclare that we came not to make war upon the people of that country,\\nnor upon any party or faction among them, but to protect them in\\ntheir homes, in their employments, and in their personal and religious\\nrights.\\nTHERE TO PRESERVE PEACE.\\nThat there should be no doubt as to the paramount authority there,\\non the 17th of August it was directed that there must be no joint\\noccupation with the insurgents; that the United States must preserve\\nthe peace and protect persons and property within the territory occu-\\npied by their militaiy and naval forces; that the insurgents and all\\nothers must recognize the military occupation and authority of the\\nUnited States.\\nAs early as December 4, befpre the cession, and in anticipation of\\nthat event, the commander in Manila was urged to restore peace and\\ntranquillity and to undertake the establishment of beneficent govern-\\nment, which should afford the fullest security for life and property.\\nOn December 21, after the treaty was signed, the commander of\\nthe forces of occupation was instructed to announce and proclaim in\\nthe most public manner that we come, not as invaders and conquerors,\\nbut as friends to protect the natives in their homes, in their employ-\\nments, and in their personal and religious rights.\\nOn the same day, while ordering General Otis to see that the peace\\nshould be preserved in Iloilo, he was admonished that: It is most\\nimportant that there should be no conflict with the insurgents. On\\nthe 1st day of January, 1899, urgent orders were reiterated that the\\nkindly intentions of this government should be in every possible way\\ncommunicated to the insurgents.\\nTHE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.\\nOn January 21 I announced my intention of dispatching to Manila\\na commission composed of three gentlemen of the highest character\\nand distinction, thoroughly acquainted with the orient, who, in associa-\\ntion with Admiral Dewey and Major-General Otis, were instructed to\\nfacilitate the most humane and effective extension of authority\\nthroughout the islands, and to secure with the least possible delay the\\nbenefits of a wise and generous protection of life and property to the\\ninhabitants.\\nThese gentlemen were Dr. Jacob Oould Schurman, president of\\nCornell Univei sity; Hon. Charles Denby, for many years minister to", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "306 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nChina, and Prof. Dean C. Worcester of the University of Michigan, who\\nLad made a most careful study of life in the Philippines.\\nWhile the treaty of peace was under consideration in the senate\\nthese commissioners set out on their mission of good will and libera-\\ntion. Their character was a sufficient guaranty of the beueflceut pur-\\npose with which they went, even if they had not borne the positive\\ninstructions of this government, which made their errand pre-eminently\\none of peace and friendship.\\nBLAMES PHILIPPINE LEADERS.\\nBut before their arrival at Manila the sinister ambition of a few\\nleaders of the Filipinos had created a situation full of embarrassments\\nfor us and most grievous in its consequences to themselves. The clear\\nand impartial preliminary report of the commissioners, which I trans-\\nmit herewith, gives so lucid and comprehensive a history of the present\\ninsurrectionary movement that the story need not be here repeated.\\nIt is enough to say that the claim of the rebel leader that he was\\npromised independence by any officer of the United States in return\\nfor his assistance has no foundation in fact and is categorically denied\\nby the very witnesses who were called to prove it. The most the\\ninsurgent leader hoped for when he came back to Manila was the lib-\\neration of the islands from Spanish control, which they had been labor-\\ning for years without success to throw off.\\nTHE AMBITION OF AGUINALDO.\\nThe prompt accomplishment of this work by the American army\\nand navy gave him other ideas and ambitions, and insidious suggestions\\nfrom various quarters perverted the purjwses and intentions with which\\nhe had taken up arms. No sooner had our army captured Manila than\\nthe Filipino forces began to assume the attitude of suspicion and hos-\\ntility which the utmost efforts of our officers and troops were unable\\nto disarm or modify.\\nTheir kindness and forbearance were taken as a proof of cowardice.\\nThe aggressions of the Filipinos continually increased, until finally,\\njust before the time set by the senate of the United States for a vote\\nupon the treaty, an attack, evidently prepared in advance, was made\\nall along the American lines, which resulted in a terribly destructive\\nand sanguinary repulse of the insurgents.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "THE PHILIPPINE QUESTION. 307\\nORDER FOR A MASSACRE.\\nTen days later au order of the insurgent government was issued to\\nits adherents who had remained in Manila, of which General Otis justly\\nobserves that for barbarous intent it is unequaled in modern times.\\nIt directs that at 8 o clock on the night of the luth of February, the\\nterritorial militia shall come together in the streets of San Pedro, armed\\nwith their bolos, with guns and ammunition, where convenient; that\\nFilipino families only shall be respected; but that all other individuals,\\nof whatever race they may be, shall be exterminated without any com-\\npassion, after the extermination of the army of occupation, and adds:\\nBrothers, we must avenge ourselves on the Americans and exter-\\nminate them, that we may take our revenge for the infamies and treach-\\neries which they have committed upon us. Have no compassion upon\\nthem; attack with vigor.\\nA copy of this fell, by good fortune, into the hands of our officers,\\nand they were able to take measures to control the rising, which was\\nactually attempted on the night of February 22, a week later than was\\noriginally contemplated.\\nConsiderable numbers of armed insurgents entered the city by water-\\nways and swamps, and in concert with confederates inside attempted\\nto destroy Manila by fire. They were kept in check during the night\\nand the next day driven out of the city with heavy loss.\\nWHAT THE COMMISSIONERS FOUND.\\nThis was the unhappy condition of affairs which confronted our\\ncommissioners on their arrival in Manila. They had come with the\\nhope and intention of co-operating with Admiral Dewey and Major-\\nGeneral Otis in establishing peace and order in the archipelago and the\\nlargest measure of self-government compatible with the true welfare of\\nthe people. What they actually found can best be set forth in their\\nown words:\\nDeplorable as war is, the one in which we are now engaged was\\nunavoidable to us. We were attacked by a bold, adventurous, and\\nenthusiastic army. No alternative was left to us, except ignominious\\nretreat.\\nIt is not to be conceived of that any American would have sanc-\\ntioned the surrender of Manila to the insurgents. Our obligations to\\nother nations and to the friendly Filipinos and to ourselves and our flag", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "308 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\ndemanded that force should be met with force. Whatever the future\\nof the Philippines may be, there is no course open to us now except the\\nprosecution of the war until the insurgents are reduced to submission.\\nThe commission is of the opinion that there has been no time since the\\ndestruction of the Spanish squadron by Admiral Dewey when it was\\npossible to withdraw our forces from the islands, either with honor to\\nourselves or with safety to the inhabitants.\\nTHE REBELLION MUST BE PUT DOWN.\\nThe course thus clearly indicated has been unflinchingly pursued.\\nThe rebellion must be put down. Civil government cannot be thor-\\noughly established until order is restored. With a devotion and gal-\\nlantry worthy of its most brilliant history the army, ably and loyally\\nassisted by the navy, has can ied on this unwelcome but most righteous\\ncampaign with richly deserved success.\\nThe noble self-sacrifice with which our soldiers and sailors, whose\\nterms of service had expired, refused to avail themselves of their right\\nto return home as long as they were needed at the front, forms one of\\nthe brightest pages in our annals.\\nAlthough their operations have been somewhat interrupted and\\nchecked by a rainy season of unusual violence and duration, they have\\ngained ground steadily in every direction, and now look forward confi-\\ndently to a speedy completion of their task.\\nWORK OF RECONSTRUCTION.\\nThe unfavorable circumstances connected with an active campaign\\nhave not been permitted to interfere with the equally important work of\\nreconstruction. Again I invite your attention to the report of the\\ncommissioners for the interesting and encouraging details of the work\\nalready accomplished in the establishment of peace and order and\\nthe inauguration of self-governing municipal life in many portions of\\nthe archipelago.\\nGOVERNMENT ESTABLISHED IN NEGROS.\\nA notable beginniug has been made in the establishment of a gov-\\nernment in the island of Negros, which is deserving of special considera-\\ntion. This was the first island to accept American sovereignty. Its\\npeople unreservedly proclaimed allegiance to the United States and", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "THE PHILIPPINE QUESTION. 309\\nadopted a constitution looking to the establishment of a popular gov-\\nernment.\\nIt was impossible to guarantee to the people of Negros that the\\nconstitution so adopted should be the ultimate form of government.\\nSuch a question, under the treaty with Spain, and in accordance with\\nour own constitution and laws, came exclusively within the jurisdiction\\nof congress. The government actually set up by the inhabitants of\\nNegros eventually proved unsatisfactory to the natives themselves. A\\nnew system was put into force by order of the major-general command-\\ning the department, of which the following are the most important\\nelements:\\nIt was ordered that the government of the island of Negros should\\nconsist of a military governor appointed by the United States military\\ngovernor of the Philippines, and a civil governor, and an advisory\\ncouncil elected by the people. The military governor was authorized\\nto appoint secretaries of the treasury, interior, agriculture, public\\ninstruction, an attorney-general, and an auditor. The seat of govern-\\nment was fixed at Bacolor,\\nThe military governor exercises the supreme executive power. He\\nis to see that the laws are executed, appoint to office, and fill all vacan-\\ncies in office not otherwise provided for, and may, with the approval of\\nthe military governor of the Philippines, remove any officer from office.\\nThe civil governor advises the military governor on all public civil\\nquestions and presides over the advisory council. He in general per-\\nforms the duties which are performed by secretaries of state in our\\nown system of government.\\nThe advisory council consists of eight members elected by the people\\nwithin territorial limits which are defined in the order of the command-\\ning general.\\nVOTING IN NEGROS.\\nThe times and places of holding elections are to be fixed by the mili-\\ntary governor of the island of Negros. The qualifications of voters are\\nas follows:\\n1. A voter must be a male citizen of the island of Negros. 2. Of the\\nage of 21 years. 3. He shall be able to speak, read, and write the Eng-\\nlish, Spanish, or Visayan language, or he must own real property worth\\n$500, or pay a rental on real property of the value of |1,000. 4. He\\nmust have resided in the island not less than one year preceding, and in\\nthe district in which he offers to register as a voter not less than three", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "310 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nmonths immediately preceding tlie time he ofifers to register. 5. He\\nmust register at a time fixed by law before voting. 6. Prior to such\\nregistration he shall have ixiid all taxes due by him to the government;\\nprovided, that no insane person shall be allowed to register or vote.\\nThe military governor has the right to veto all bills or resolutions\\nadopted by the advisory council, and his veto is final if not disapproved\\nby the military governor of the I hilippines.\\nThe advisory council discharges all the ordinary duties of a legis-\\nlature. The usual duties pertaining to said ofiBces are to be performed\\nby the secretaries of the treasurer, interior, agriculture, public instruc-\\ntion, the attorney-general, and the auditor.\\nThe judicial power is vested in three judges, who are to be appointed\\nby the military governor of the island. Inferior courts are to be estab-\\nlished.\\nFree public schools are to be established throughout the populous\\ndistricts of the island, in which the English language shall be taught,\\nand this subject will receive the careful consideration of the advisory\\ncouncil.\\nThe burden of government must be distributed equally and equitably\\namong the people. The military authorities will collect and receive\\nthe customs revenue and will control postal matters and Philippine\\ninter-island trade and commerce.\\nThe militarv governor, subject to the approval of the military gov-\\nernor of the Philippines, determines all questions not specifically pro-\\nvided for and which do not come under the jurisdiction of the advisory\\ncouncil.\\nA FEW ^YOEDS ABOUT SULU.\\nThe authorities of the Sulu islands have accepted the succession\\nof the United States to the rights of Spain, and our flag floats over\\nthat territory. On the 10th of August, 1899, Brigadier-General J. C.\\nBates, United States Volunteers, negotiated an agreement with the\\nsultan and his principal chiefs, which I transmit herewith. By article\\n1, the sovereignty of the United States over the whole archipelago of\\nJolo and its dependencies is declared and acknowledged.\\nThe United States flag will be used in the archipelago and its de-\\npendencies, on land and sea. Piracy is to be suppressed, and the\\nsultan agrees to co-operate heartily with the United States authorities\\nto that end and to make every possible effort to arrest and bring to\\njustice all persons engaged in piracy.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "THE PHILIPPINE QUESTION. 311\\nAll trade in domestic products of the archipelago of Jolo when\\ncarried on with any part of the Philippine islands and under the\\nAmerican flag shall be free, unlimited and undutiable. The United\\nStates will give full protection to the sultan in case any foreign nation\\nshould attempt to impose upon him.\\nThe United States will not sell the island of Jolo or any other\\nisland of the Jolo archipelago to any foreign nation without the consent\\nof the sultan. Salaries for the sultan and his associates in the admin-\\nistration of the islands have been agreed upon to the amount of 1760\\nmonthly.\\nFREEDOM aF SLAVES IN JOLO.\\nArticle X provides that any slave in the archipelago of Jolo shall\\nhave the right to purchase freedom by paying to his master the usual\\nmarket value. The agreement by General Bates was made subject\\nto confirmation by the president and to future modifications by the con-\\nsent of the parties in interest. I have confirmed said agreement, sub-\\nject to the action of the congress, and with the reservation which I\\nhave directed shall be communicated to the sultan of Jolo, that this\\nagreement is not to be deemed in any way to authorize or give the\\nconsent of the United States to the existence of slavery in the Sulu\\narchipelago. I communicate these facts to the congress for its informa-\\ntion and action.\\nWINNING THE FILIPINOS.\\nEverything indicates that with the speedy suppression of the Tagalo\\nrebellion life in the archipelago will soon resume its ordinary course\\nunder the protection of our sovereignty, and the people of those favored\\nislands will enjoy a prosperity and a freedom which they have never\\nbefore known.\\nAlready hundreds of schools are open and filled with children.\\nReligious freedom is sacredly assured and enjoyed.\\nThe courts are dispensing justice.\\nBusiness is beginning to circulate in its accustomed channels.\\nManila, whose inhabitants were fleeing to the country a few months\\nago, is now a populous and thriving mart of commerce.\\nThe earnest and unremitting endeavors of the commission and the\\nadmiral and major-general commanding the department of the Pacific\\nto assure the people of the beneficent intentions of this government", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "312 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nhave had their legitimate effect in convincing the great mass of them\\nthat peace and safety and prosperity and staple government can only\\nbe found in a loyal acceptance of the authority of the United States.\\nFUTURE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES RESTS WITH\\nCONGRESS.\\nThe future government of the Philippines rests with the congress\\nof the United States. Few graver responsibilities have ever been con-\\nfided to us.\\nIf we accept them in a spirit worthy of our race and our traditions,\\na great opportunity comes with them. The islands lie under the shelter\\nof our flag. They are ours by every title of law and equity. They can\\nnot be abandoned.\\nIf we desert them we leave them at once to anarchy and finally to\\nbarbarism. We fling them, a golden apple of discord, among the rival\\npowers, no one of which could permit another to seize them unques-\\ntioned. Their rich plains and valleys would be the scene of endless\\nstrife and bloodshed.\\nThe advent of Dewey s fleet in Manila bay instead of being, as we\\nhope, the dawn of a new day of freedom and progress, will have been\\nthe beginning of an era of misery and violence worse than any which\\nhas darkened their unhappy past.\\nThe suggestion has been made that we could renounce our authority\\nover the islands and, giving them independence, could retain a protec-\\ntorate over them.\\nA PROTECTORATE NOT DESIRABLE.\\nThis proposition will not be found, I am sure, worthy of your serious\\nattention. Such an arrangement would involve at the outset a cruel\\nbreach of faith. It would place the peaceable and loyal majority, who\\nask nothing better than to accept our authority, at the mercy of the\\nminority of armed insurgents. It would make us responsible for the\\nacts of the insurgent leaders and give us no power to control them.\\nIt would charge us with the task of protecting them against each other,\\nand dt feuding them against auy foreign power with which they chose\\nto quarrel. In short, it would take from the congress of the United\\nStates the power of declaring war and vest that tremendous preroga-\\ntive in the Tagal leader of the hour.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "THE PHILIPPINE QUESTION. 313\\nNO RECOMMENDATION FOR A FINAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT.\\nIt does not seem desirable that I should recommend at this time a\\nspecific and final form of government for these islands. When peace\\nshall be restored it will be the duty of congress to construct a plan of\\ngovernment which shall establish and maintain freedom and order and\\npeace in the Philippines.\\nThe insurrection is still existing, and when it terminates further\\ninformation will be required as to the actual condition of affairs before\\ninaugurating a permanent scheme of civil government. The full report\\nof the commission, now in preparation, will contain information and\\nsuggestions which will be of value to congress, and which I will trans-\\nmit as soon as it is completed. As long as the insurrection continues\\nthe military arm must necessarily be supreme. But there is no reason\\nwhy steps should not be taken from time to time to inaugurate gov-\\nernments essentially popular in their form as fast as territory is held\\nor controlled by our troops.\\nMAY SEND BACK THE COMMISSION.\\nTo this end I am considering the advisability of the return of the\\ncommission, or such of the members thereof as can be secured, to aid\\nthe existing authorities and facilitate this work throughout the islands.\\nI have believed that reconstruction should not begin by the estab-\\nlishment of one central civil government for all the islands, with its\\nseat at Manila, but rather that the work should be commenced by build-\\ning up from the bottom, first establishing municipal governments and\\nthen provincial governments, a central government at last to follow.\\nWILL UPHOLD THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE UNITED STATES.\\nUntil congress shall have made known the formal expression of its\\nwill I shall use the authority vested in me by the constitution and the\\nstatutes to uphold the sovereignty of the United States in these distant\\nislands as in all other places where our flag rightfully floats.\\nI shall put at the disposal of the army and navy all the means\\nwhich the liberality of congress and the people have provided to cause\\nthis unprovoked and wasteful insurrection to cease.\\nIf any orders of mine were required to insure the merciful conduct\\nof military and naval operations, they would not be lacking, but every", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "314 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nstep of the progress of our troops lias been marked by a humanity\\nAvhich has surprised even the misguided insurgents.\\nKINDNESS TO FILIPINOS IS IN THE DEFEAT OF AGUINALDO.\\nThe truest kindness to them will be a swift and effective defeat of\\ntheir present leader. The hour of victory will be the hour of clemency\\nand reconstruction.\\nNo effort will be spared to build up the waste places desolated by\\nwar and by long years of misgovernment. ^ye shall not wait for the\\nend of strife to begin the beneficent work. We shall continue, as we\\nhave begun, to open the schools and the churches, to set the courts in\\noperation, to foster industry, and trade, and agriculture, and in every\\nAvay in our power to make these people whom Providence has brought\\nAvithiu our jurisdiction feel that it is their liberty and not our power,\\ntheir welfare and not our gain, we are seeking to enchance.\\nOUR FLAG EVER WAVES IN BLESSING.\\nOur flag has never waved over any community but in blessing. I\\nbelieve the Filipinos will soon recognize the fact that it has not lost its\\ngift uf benediction in its world-wide journey to their shores.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "UNITED STATES VOLUNTEER IN FULL MAKCHlNfi ORDER.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "GENERAL FREDERICK FUNSTON\\nFAMOUS FOR HIS CHARGE ON THE TRENCHES OF THE INSURGENTS", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIV.\\nFREDERICK FUNSTON.\\nLike many other men of prominence in our day Frederick Funston\\nis a native of tlie State of Oliio. He was born in New Castle, county\\nof Clark, on November 9th, 1SC5. His grandfather, Frederick Fuuston,\\nwas Scotch-Irish and had come to this country in ISOO, settling in Paris,\\nKentucky, from whence he removed to Clark county, Ohio. In 1823 he\\nmarried Julia Stafford, a Virginian by birth. Among the children of\\nthis marriage is EdAvard Hogan Funston, born September IGth, 1836,\\nwho is the father of General Frederick Funston. After his school life\\nin New Castle Academy and Marietta College he devoted his time to\\nfarming until the Civil War, when he went to the front as senior second\\nlieutenant in a battery of artillery. Just before his regiment went\\nsouth he married the cousin of his Captain, Miss Ann E. Mitchell, of\\nOhio. Her father was a Virginian by birth and her great-grandmother\\nwas a sister of Daniel Boone. With such blood in his veins it is not\\nstrange that the martial spirit of the war for the Union should live\\nand show itself in the present generation.\\nAfter an honorable war record Edward Funston returned home and\\nshortly afterward removed to Allen county, Kansas. He has served\\nhis State for four terms in the Legislature, and for eleven years as\\nrepresentative from the Second Kansas district in the national Con-\\ngress. Ex-Congressman Funston is quite a contrast to his son Fred-\\nerick, in physique. The father is almost a giant; while the son strongly\\nresembles his mother in his diminutive stature of five feet four inches,\\nand his wiry constitution. General Funston is so erect and well pro-\\nportioned, so quick in step and gesture that one would not guess that\\nhe weighed less than one hundred pounds. Nor has his stature and\\nframe dwarfed his ambition and attainments.\\nEARLY LIFE.\\nBorn on a Kansas prairie and trained in the practical schools of\\npoverty, young Funston started out in life with a large capital consist-\\ning of brains and perseverance.\\n315", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "316 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nThis plucky little Westerner did not come into the world to be the\\nvictim of circumstances, on the contrary, he rides fearlessly to the front,\\ndriving the enemy before him, and snatching victory from the very\\njaws of defeat.\\nHe left the Kansas farm where he was born while still in his teens\\nand went to Mexico, where he picked up a knowledge of Spanish which\\nhe found useful some years later.\\nSERVICES IN THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.\\nAs a college boy at Lawrence young Funston was not brilliant nor\\ndull. He was restless, enthusiastic and intelligent and soon took great\\ninterest in the department under Dr. Snow, now chancellor of the Uni-\\nversity, which has sent out hundreds of expeditions in its researches in\\nthe realm of natural history. As a student Funston joined many of\\nthese collecting expeditions and became familiar with the camp and\\ntrail, so that before he left school he was an expert in work of this\\ncharacter.\\nHe was not an extraordinary boy except in his willingness to do\\nall the work desired of him on the farm and in the home, and his vora-\\ncious appetite for books and papers, which he devoured during his\\nleisure hours when the farm work was done. He thus stored his mind\\nwith facts of all kinds, which often served him and others well. Often\\nhis father relied on him for the data and statistics of his campaign\\nspeeches, and on one occasion, in the rush of a heated campaign he\\ncame to his son s bedside, waked him and asked him for England s\\nattitude toward her colonies in the wool-growing trade. Without hesi-\\ntation he gave the facts and cited the books where the information\\ncould be confirmed.\\nUNIVERSITY LIFE.\\nIn his early twenties he entered the State University. This was\\nfourteen years ago, and he remained here a goodly portion of his time\\nfor five years. The vacations were sometimes long, for ho was com-\\npelled to earn the money which he invested in mental culture.\\nDuring these enforced vacations he seemed to be willing to do almost\\nanything that would bring a good financial reward. In 1888 he became\\na Santa Fe train collector, and at different times his route lay all the\\nway from Kansas City to Albuquerque, and even south to the Gulf of\\nMexico. His duties on the Santa Fe sometimes included that of train", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "FREDERICK FUNSTON. 317\\nbouncer as well as collector, and he was often placed in positions where\\nhis pluck and courajie stood him in good stead, and compensated very\\nlargely for his lack of physical development.\\nAnother method to which he resorted to pay his expenses at the\\nuniversity was newspaper work. With the audacity of the typical\\nAmerican boy, he went into the office of a Kansas City paper and coolly\\nasked for a position as a reporter, though he knew scarcely anything\\nof the work which would be required of him. The editor consented to\\nlet him try, and found that good stuff was furnished for his columns.\\nFunston is an easy writer and his work has appeared in some of the\\nleading periodicals, but he was not a brilliant scholar and never received\\na high mark in his class work. His uncontrollable spirit of fun, which\\nhelps so largely in making life endurable under adverse circumstances,\\nmade his presence at the university more or less of a cross to the faculty,\\nand some of his professors still bear the nicknames which he was the\\nfirst to apply to them.\\nIt is to be feared that he spent more time in reading the poetry and\\nfiction which he found in the university library than he did with his\\ntext books, but his farm work had been of good service in various forms\\nof manual training, and he had made himself familiar with all the fire-\\narms in the country store.\\nHe seemed to have a natural liking for nuts and bolts, and his\\nknowledge of machinery served a good purpose when he was made a\\ncommandant of artillery under Garcia.\\nFUNSTON S STUDENT DAYS.\\nINTERESTING REMINISCENCES OF HIS COLLEGE LIFE.\\nI went to school with Fred Funston, said Mr. C. P. Ames of Lin-\\ncoln, Nebraska. We were fellow scholars at the old Lawrence univer-\\nsity at Lawrence, Kan., in 1884. Fred was about nineteen then. So I\\ntake it that he is now in the neighborhood of thirty-four. I entered the\\nfreshman class when he was a junior, but class lines were not very dis-\\ntinctly drawn then socially, and we got to be great friends. As I remem-\\nber him in those days he was a thin, sickly looking little fellow, homely\\nas a rail fence and covered with freckles. He was overflowing with\\nspirits, however, and really had a cast iron constitution.\\nWhen Funston arrived at the university, he was given a rather\\nsevere hazing, which he took at the outset with great good nature, but\\nwhen they tried to strip him for a ducking in the bathtub, which was", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "318 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\npart of the ceremony, he wriggled loose, darted into the hall and led\\nthe whole crowd a merry chase all over the dormitory. They raised\\nsuch a racket that several professors were aroused, and there was the\\ndeuce to pay generally. Anyhow, Fred was never ducked, and after that\\nwas a leader in practical jokes himself.\\nOne of the preceptors was very nervous, and Funston had great\\nfun with him by pretending he had an impediment in his speech. When\\nasked a difficult question, he would go into hideous contortions, appa-\\nrently trying to get out the answer, and the professor, infuriated, would\\npass it on to the next. Altogether, however, he was a good student and\\na downright good fellow. The last time I saw him he was lecturing,\\njust before he got his commission in the volunteers. He was doing well,\\nbut he was restless and discontented, and I am sure that he is at present\\nin exactly his element.\\nNEWSPAPER REPORTER.\\nAfter leaving the university, Funston again took up newspaper\\nwork, first at Fort Smith, and later on the Kansas City Journal. While\\nhere Funston was court reporter, and came in close contact with Judge\\nParker, whose record as a criminal judge has no equal. It seemed to\\nbe his mission to exterminate the desperadoes of the Indian Territory,\\nover which he held jurisdiction. In the twenty-one and a half years\\nthat he sat as judge, he condemned to death one hundred and fifty mur-\\nderers, and imprisoned a like proportion.\\nHe was frequently in Judge Parker s library, and discussed man^ of\\nthe trials with him. In this way he became familiar witli unruly people\\nand learned to study the habits and customs of certain classes whose\\nways are incompatible with modern civilization. His newspaper work\\nwas, however, comparatively brief, and his restless spirit sought new\\nfields of labor.\\nOn leaving the university, he took the civil service examination,\\nobtained a position in the Agricultural Department at Washington,\\nunder General Jeremiah Rusk, the Secretary, and was sent to Montana\\nand the Dakotas to make a botanical collection of grasses. This uncon-\\nventional life had a peculiar fascination for him, as there was a large\\namount of adventure to be found in occasional hunting parties which\\nwere composed mostly of cowboys. Ho has always enjoyed outdoor life\\nwhich is more or less mixed with danger, and his boyish spirit still\\ntriumphs over the hardships of camp and battlefield. Funston after-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "FREDERICK FUNSTON. 319\\nwards became a member of the ill-fated expedition which made the fii-st\\nofficial survey of Death Valley in Southern California. The danger of\\nthis serious undertaking can hardly be overestimated, as is shown by\\nthe fact that all of his comrades are either dead or insane.\\nThis valley is a depression in the earth s surface, two hundred feet\\nbelow the level of the sea, seventy-five miles long and comprising a thou-\\nsand square miles or more. Snow-white alkali, blistered rocks, volcanic\\nrefuse, scarred and vitrified; and vast reaches of sand, scorching hot,\\nmake the physical formation. What life there is of the vegetable or\\nanimal kingdom is of the most horrid sort. Water and food there are\\nnone. Here Funston and his companions worked for nine months col-\\nlecting specimens, measuring and mapping the region, occasionally\\ngoing up into the neighboring mountains for a cool breath of air and\\nrecuperation. Tlere Funston recorded the highest temperature ever\\nmeasured by a government agent; as later, in Alaska, not, however, in\\norder to strike a good general average, he recorded the lowest.\\nALASKAN EXPERIENCES.\\nIn 1891-2 the government sent him to Alaska to make a botanical\\nsurvey of a portion of the coast, and in 1893 he made a second and last\\ntrip to the far north, this time to collect and classify the flora on the\\nbanks of the Yukon.\\nThe trail over Chilkoot Pass is familiar now to many who have\\ntoiled over the weary route, but in 1893 the way was known only to\\nIndian guides and a few daring miners. There were two pioneer gold\\nhunters with Funston and his Indian guides when they went up the\\nPass and over to the Yukon. The snow had fallen incessantly for sev-\\neral days, and progress through it was almost impossible. Perhaps it\\nwas little wonder that the guides struck one day, and the leader\\nclaimed that unless a much greater reward was forthcoming, they\\nwould return at once to the village from whence they came.\\nBut Funston remonstrated with him most vigorously, and empha-\\nsized his remarks with a loaded Winchester held within a few feet\\nof the Indian s face. The leader of the strike thereupon took up his\\nload with the best grace he could, and the little party went on through\\nthe snow.\\nThe young botanist went down the Yukon to the mouth of the Por-\\ncupine river, and up the Porcupine as far as Rampart House, which was\\na deserted trading post belonging to the Hudson Bay Company.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "320 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nWhile here, bis companions were a missionary by the name of Trotty,\\nand a few books which he had carried over this terrible journey of a\\nthousand miles carried them in his little pack where every pound of\\nweight became almost unendurable before the day s tramp was done.\\nIn the midst of that long Arctic winter, the Indians brought a rumor\\nto the effect that a whaling fleet was being crushed to pieces in the\\nice of the Northern sea, about two hundred miles to the northward.\\nThen the reckless spirit of adventure got the advantage of the young\\nman s judgment, and with an Indian for a guide, he started off on snow-\\nshoes, in the long darkness of the Arctic winter, to find the fleet. It\\nwas only two hundred miles in a direct line, it is true, but the guide\\nlost his bearings, and they wandered nearly four hundred miles out of\\ntheir way.\\nTheir food supply was exhausted and they had decided to eat the\\nfaithful dogs of their pack train, when they met a band of Indian\\nhunters who were carrying freshly killed moose and caribou to the ice-\\nbound fleet.\\nThe story of the destruction of the whaling ships had proved to be\\na fabrication, but when Funston arrived he was very nearly the hero\\nof a romance, as well as a most welcome guest.\\nHe was feasted and dined to his heart s content, while he gave the\\nmen the latest news he had from the States.\\nWhen he returned to Rampart House, his weary feet had covered\\na journey of nearly nine hundred miles, and he longed for home and\\ncivilization. As soon as possible he made his preparations for depart-\\nure, and when the snows melted and the grasses began to grow, he\\ncame down the Porcupine to the river s mouth, and then, alone, in an\\nopen boat, he drifted slowly down the Yukon, making a botanical col-\\nlection of the flora upon its banks until he reached the Behriug Sea.\\nOn his return from Alaska, Funston collected a little money by\\ndelivering lectures in Kansas. With these funds he visited Mexico and\\nCentral America in search of a location for a coffee plantation. Having\\nselected his land, he returned home to raise the capital necessary for the\\nenterprise. He was successful in Kansas City, but when he came to\\nNew York to interest capitalists there he was too modest and not\\nenough of a liar to induce men to risk their money. While he was still\\ntalking coffee to New York financiers, he entered the employ of the\\nAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, as deputy comp-\\ntroller, to help issue the new securities of the reorganized company, and\\nif some of the holders will examine these certificates thev will find the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "FREDERICK FUNSTON. 321\\nsignature of the hero of many adventures and battles in Cuba and\\nLuzon.\\nCUBAN EXPERIENCES.\\nOne day Funston announced that he had enlisted in the Cuban army.\\nHe packed his kit again, and sailed away in the Dauntless. To casual\\nacquaintances, he went to the tropics, merely as a newspaper corres-\\npondent, but to intimate friends he confided the fact that he was going\\nto fight for Cuban independence.\\nHis name was enrolled among Garcia s men, and very shortly he\\nwas made the commandant of artillery, but when he got into the thick\\nof the fight, he forgot his duties as correspondent. It was only after\\nhe returned to New York, wounded and emaciated, that his newspaper\\ninstinct was again aroused, and in the winter of 1897 he again com-\\nmenced literary work.\\nWAR EXPERIENCES.\\nWhen our war with Spain broke out. Governor Leedy made Funston\\na Colonel, and he was placed at the head of the Twentieth Kansas Vol-\\nunteers.\\nWhen the regiment was encamped near San Francisco they were\\nstill without uniforms, and the reporters waxed merry over their un-\\nsoldierly appearauce; the prairie boys were accused of verdancy and\\nignorance, but the truth is, there was not an illiterate man in the regi-\\nment, and nearly all of the commanding officers held degrees from\\ncolleges or universities.\\nFUNSTON AND THE REGULAR ARMY MEN.\\nA writer in Harper s Weekly tells the following anecdotes: The\\nyoung Colonel knew very little of tactics, and when he was called to\\nTampa to consult with General Miles concerning the topography of\\ncertain portions of Cuba, he persisted in wearing civilian s clothes.\\nWhen he was asked why he did not wear his uniform, he replied: I\\nwould look pretty, wouldn t I, wearing a Colonel s rig when all around\\nme are genuine soldiers men who have fought their way up from\\nthe line in the regular army men who have been in the civil war, and\\na score of Indian fights, and still have only the right to wear a captain s\\nor, at most, a major s uniform. Would I lot men like those salute me\\nin my tin-soldier clothes? Well, I guess not.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "323 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nSPEECHES TO THE REGIMENT.\\nAlthough he had to learu a portion of his tactics as ho went along,\\nFunston was careful in his drill, and would brook no carelessness in his\\nmen. His speeches to them were characterized by directness and sim-\\nj)licity; for instance, he said one day: I have noticed that some of you\\nare getting sloppy in your manuers. When you meet a superior officer,\\nyou sort of brush a fly off your ear, and go on. Now, hereafter, you\\njust quit brushing flies, and salute.\\nCOMMANDANT OF ARTILLERY.\\nEarly In his experience, Funston was given charge of a dynamite\\ngun the first that had been used in actual warfare. He knew very\\nlittle of the big guns and nothing whatever of this one, but he looked\\nthem carefully over, took some of them apart and put them together\\nagain, and on the dynamite, he was fortunate enough to find some\\nprinted directions which had been placed there by the maker and he\\nmemorized them; when called into action he followed the directions\\nas well as he could, but he was as much surprised as any one when he\\nhit the Spanish fort, and the logs and debris flew around the hole he\\nhad made. In speaking of his success, he said: No one knew that I\\nhad just finished making four or five kinds of a fool of myself, and after\\nthey had set em up in the other alley, we rolled em again.\\nCLOSE QUARTERS.\\nWhile at Tampa, some of the officers of the regular army questioned\\nFunston i\u00c2\u00ab relation to his range with the artillery. He replied with\\nboyish candor that he pulled his guns up within four or five hundred\\nyards of his mark before firing. The older officei-s smiled, and received\\nhis stories afterward with a goodly degree of allowance.\\nIt was long after this that some Spaniards, who were taken prisoners\\nat Santiago, told about a little Yankee wluf was fighting under Garcia,\\nthe year before, and poked the nose of his guns so close to the fortifi-\\ncations that his powder burned their eyebrows. Then the army men\\nlaughed, and thought of the plucky little gunner whose story they had\\nridiculed.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "FREDERICK FUNSTON. 333\\nHIS MARRIAGE.\\nOne day Colonel Funston met a pretty California girl, and in a few\\ndays he had surrendered to Eda Blankert. He urged his suit with all\\nthe energy and persistence for which he was noted, and at the end of\\nsix weeks they were married. But the regiment was under marching\\norders, and the wedding trip was only a short walk, aud then the bride-\\ngroom sailed away with his regiment. His bride followed him on the\\nsteamer which sailed a month later, aud joined him iu the Philippines.\\nBRAVERY OF THE KANSAS REGIMENTS.\\nThe Kansas regiments are no better than many others who are and\\nhave been hghtiug under the Stars and Stripes, but they are composed\\nof men of whom their country is justly proud, and when the contest\\nbegan in the Philippines, the Twentieth Kansas was in the front of the\\nfight. The impetuous Colonel had his men so close to the enemy that\\nthey had to be called back a thousand yards to keep the firing line\\nstraight. The regiment was the first in Caloocan and first at Malolos;\\nbut it was at the crossing of the Rio Grande river that he and his men of\\nthe Twentieth Kansas particularly distinguished themselves by effect-\\ning a crossing of the river in the very face of the enemy s trenches. The\\nenthusiastic men were glad to follow their boyish Colonel when he\\nasked for men to swim the river with him.\\nFUNSTON S FAMOUS EXPLOIT.\\nThe story of the wonderful daring of Funston and his heroic men\\nis best told in his own language:\\nIn the advance from Malolos a conspicuous part was played by the\\narmored train, and the infantry of Wheaton s brigade had little to do,\\nsave when a number of Montana men and one company of Kansans,\\nunder cover of fire from the armored car, advanced and occupied the\\nbank of the Bagbag River.\\nTwelve men of the Kansans charged across the broken bridge while\\nit was still under fire from the enemy, jumped into the river and swam\\nto the other side, when all that were left of the enemy fled. The bridge\\nwas repaired by the engineers during the day, and the next day the\\nbrigade advanced to the Rio Grande de Pampanga, the second largest\\nriver in Luzon Island. It was found here that the large railroad bridge\\nof three hundred and fifty feet span had been almost destroyed.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "324 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nI obtained permission from Generals Wheaton and MacArthur to\\nattempt to carry this bridge by assault, but was told to attempt it only\\nwith men who would volunteer for that special duty. I sent Corporal\\nFergus on to reconnoiter the bridge, an especially hazardous under-\\ntaking with the enemy entrenched in force at the other end.\\nDARING OF A CORPORAL.\\nHe not only succeeded in reaching our end of the bridge, but, under\\ncover of darkness, crawled along on the ironwork, where the floor of the\\nbridge had been cleared away, to the other end, and under the insurgent\\noutpost. He had nothing but his revolver.\\nHe came back, and reported that at the other end of the bridge there\\nwas nothing but one steel girder three inches wide on which to walk,\\nand this precluded the possibility of storming the bridge.\\nThe enemy was intrenched all along the opposite bank of the river\\nin considerable force, and had three pieces of artillery and one Maxim\\ngun, which they used liberally, but without hurting any of us.\\nAt noon of the 29th I concluded to attempt to force the passage of\\nthe river six hundred yards below the railroad bridge. A raft had been\\nleft on our side of the river. This we cut up into three small rafts. I\\nagain called for volunteers to swim the river. This was an extra hazard-\\nous undertaking, because the river was deep and wide, and the current\\nstrong, and where a man swam he would be exposed to the fire of the\\nenemy intrenched all along from the bridge down to the point of\\ncrossing.\\nWe stationed men who were known to be good shots along the south\\nbank of the river to protect the flank, and Lieutenant Fleming brought\\nup a Hotchkiss revolving cannon. With this we opened fire on the\\ntrenches of the enemy, sweeping the tops.\\nBRAVERY OF TWO VOLUNTEERS.\\nA number of men volunteered to swim the river, but only two were\\nneeded. These two were Privates Trembley and White. These men\\ntook a rope in their teeth and swam across the river together, reaching\\nthe shore twenty-five feet from one of the enemy s intrenchments.\\nThey were naked and had no arms. They kept under cover of the\\nbank as well as they could, our men on the other side firing over them\\nin volleys and the Hotchkiss also being used. As soon as the enemy\\nheard our two men talking they jumped up and began to run out. fifteen", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "FREDERICK FUNSTON. 325\\nleaving this trench. Some of them were shot by our men on the south\\nbank as they ran.\\nMeanwhile the men could not find anything to tie the end of the\\nrope to more convenient than one of the upright posts of the insurgent\\ntrench, so one of them worked himself up, hand over hand, and, making\\na noose, slipped it over the post within six feet of three armed insurgents\\non the other side of the trench. After the rope had been secured, we\\nbegan to cross.\\nI never cuss a man unnecessarily myself, and I never allow an\\nofficer to do it. I always treat the men as if they were human beings,\\nand they appreciate it. There is a strong regimental pride, which I\\nhave never known the regiment to break under fire, and I have not\\nknown of any individual flunks. I have never called for volunteers\\nfor anything extraordinary or hazardous that I have not had more men\\nthan I could use.\\nANOTHER BRIEF ACCOUNT.\\nIn a private letter written by General Funston at Malolos, May 13,\\n1899, we have another succinct version of the stirring deed told in his\\ncharacteristic style:\\nI am here in town against my will, but in accordance with the very\\nstrong advice of a medical sage, nursing my left hand, which had a\\ndisagi eement with a Mauser bullet, and thanking my lucky stars that\\nit was no worse.\\nI suppose you would like to know about the Rio Grande affair of\\nApril 27, which seems to have brought me a brigadier s star, but it is\\na long story. You probably got it pretty fully in the dispatches, but\\nas yet we do not know how correctly. General MacArthur has been\\ngood enough to say that he does not believe the feat our Kansas men\\nperformed has a parallel in the history of wars as a desperate under-\\ntaking carried through successfully absolutely without loss. It beat\\nanything in Kipling ten times over, and gave The Arabian Nights a\\nsevere shock. An attempt to portray it on the stage would be called\\nbadly overworked melodrama and utterly impossible. And this is not\\nbragging; only giving facts.\\nIt was worth ten years of ordinary humdrum existence to see those\\nforty-five Jayhawkers, after they had crossed the river on rafts, drive\\na thousand or more well armed men out of their elaborate intrench-\\nments by firing into them from the rear. And you should have heard\\nthem chaff and jeer when the goo-goos turned on them at 300 yards", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "326 SPLENDID DEEDS ON SEA AND LAND.\\nrange a Maxim gun firing 1,200 shots a minute and you should have\\nseen that Maxim go out of business when our fellows turned loose\\non it. If the chap who worked that murderous machine had kept his\\nnerve better there would not half a dozen of us have got out of the\\nthiug alive.\\nOn general principles I am not an expansionist, but I believe that\\nsince we were, by an unfortunate train of circumstances, thrown into\\nthis thing, we should stay with it to the bitter end, and rawhide these\\nbullet-headed Asiatic ruffians until they yell for mercy. And after the\\nwar I want the job of professor of American history in Luzon Uni-\\nversity, when they build it and I ll warrant that the new generation\\nof Filipinos will know better than to get in the way of the band wagon\\nof Anglo-Saxon progress and decency.\\nMetcalf, the new colonel of the Twentieth, is a brave and efficient\\nofficer and will keep the regiment up to its old standard. Most of the\\nofficers of the regiment have shown up splendidly.\\nINCIDENTS.\\nOne man hailed another a short time since in Lincoln, Nebraska.\\nHe said:\\nSo you re from Kansas? And you used to know Fred Funston?\\nWell, well! Great fellow, that Funston. I wish I knew him. In-\\nclined to be diminutive physically, I understand, and they say he has\\nauburn hair?\\nWell, yes, I believe they do say he s diminutive now, and mebby\\nauburn s the right name fer the color of his hair; but us boys never\\nused to call him anything but Shorty and Reddy.\\nA brave soldier lad wrote to his home at Abilene, Kansas, from\\nMalolos as follows:\\nWe have taken Calumpit, and it was Colonel Funston s fight from\\nstkrt to finish. After the enemy was routed General Wheaton was seen\\nto put his arms around Colonel Funston and praise him for his good\\nwork. Funston is the best colonel in the Philijtpines. All the boys\\nhave such confidence in him that they would follow him anywhere.\\nAfter we had charged the niggers and driven them back I actually\\nwas so tired I could not have moved out of the way of a bullet. Then\\ncame a heavy rain which lasted all night. Some were lucky enough to\\nget hay to sleep on, but I slept on the bare ground. Several times I\\nawoke in the rain and then I thought this is the way father used to\\nhave to do, and then I would go back to sleep contented.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "GENERAL HENRY W. LAWTON. 337\\nGENERAL HENRY W. LAWTON.\\nThis distinguished officer was born in Manhattan, near Toledo, Ohio,\\nand his parents almost immediatelj^ removed to Maumee City, Ohio,\\nwhere he spent his boyhood. He began his fighting career when he\\nwas 19. That was at the very beginning of the Civil War. He was\\nenrolled at Fort Wayne, Ind., on April 18, 1861, and mustered into the\\nservice at Indianapolis five days later. His first rank was that of ser-\\ngeant, and at the end of three months he was mustered out to re-enter\\nthe army as a lieutenant.\\nHis record in the Civil War was of the first order. He was brevetted\\ncolonel for gallant and meritorious services during the war, and in\\n1896 Congress though a little tardy voted him a medal of honor for\\ndistinguished gallantry in the battle of Atlanta.\\nThe fighting he had done as a volunteer inspired him with the am-\\nbition to adopt arms as his profession. He had the advantage of youth,\\ndenied to many volunteers who wished to enter the regular service.\\nYoung Lawton was appointed in 1866 second lieutenant of the Forty-\\nfirst Infantry and full lieutenant just one year thei-eafter. In 1879 he\\nwas made a captain and transferred to the Fourth Cavalry. He was\\nadvanced slowly to the ranks of major, lieutenant colonel and inspector\\ngeneral, which post he held until the beginning of the Spanish war,\\nwhen he was placed at the head of a division of volunteers which he\\ncommanded in Cuba, and with which he challenged the praise of the\\nworld by his dashing work in the Cuban campaign under General\\nShaffer.\\nHitherto his luck in battle had been marvelous. He had been in\\nhundreds of skirmishes and midnight attacks. He was regarded as a\\nman of action and of splendid courage, but was not considered reckless.\\nHe never exposed his men without due consideration of the risks and\\nthe stake. His men knew this and would unhesitatingly follow his\\nlead under what seemed to be the most desperate conditions.\\nThe Indians came to know him as the most active, vigilant, wary and\\ndetermined of foes, and his pursuit and capture of Geronimo, the famous\\nApache chieftain, has gone down to history as one of the most remark-\\nable campaigns ever undertaken with the small force in hand.\\nGeneral Miles picked out Lawton to lead the chase after the Indian\\nchief, and for three months, day and night, without a pause, through\\nall sorts of vicissitudes of Aveather and pereonal suffering, Lawton hung", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "328 GENERAL HENRY W. LAWTON.\\non the trail like a bloodhound until the game was run to earih, and for\\nthe first time in a quarter of a century southeastern Arizona was\\npacified.\\nWhen General Lawton went to Cuba he led the division that was the\\nfirst to land on Cuban soil, and Lawton s name soon began to figure\\nprominently in the dispatches from the front.\\nOne of the army officers who was vrith the General during the Cuban\\ncampaign speaks thus of his bravery:\\nChi the morning of July 1, General Lawton was sent with a force of\\nabout 5,000 men to take El Caney, while the balance of the troops were\\nto be engaged at San Juan. As dusk fell after the first day s fighting\\nwe viewed with alarm the thin blue line which surrounded San Juan.\\nMany of us, tired out with the long, hot day s work, having broken\\ncamp that morning at 3 o clock, fell asleep on the damp hillside of San\\nJuan, trying to gain a few moments rest before the struggle which we\\nknew was inevitable the next day.\\nGrave doubts were expressed if we could hold our position against\\nthe Spaniards, and it will be remembered that there was a consultation\\nof officers, at which it was suggested that our troops should be with-\\ndrawn, a plan which was violently opposed by General Wheeler and\\nothers.\\nAbout midnight we were awakened with the pleasing intelligence\\nthat General Lawton had captured El Caney with a very small loss, I\\ntliink five, and that he was rapidly moving to join our right, which\\nwould be done by daybreak.\\nThis he accomplished, and it is doubtful save for this if our\\ntroops could have held their position. Our joy was somewhat tempered\\nby the fact that General Lawton s loss at El Caney was much heavier\\nthan at first reported.\\nA day or two after the battle, one of the officers of General Lawton s\\nstaff told me of the General s famous white helmet, which seems to\\nhave been the cause of his death near Manila. He said that during the\\nbattle of El Caney the tall form of General Lawton with his white\\nhelmet was a most conspicuous object while directing the movements\\nof the troops.\\nThen, as was afterward the case in the Philippines, he was thus a\\ntarget for the enemy s bullets, but undisturbed and unprotected he stood\\nwhile the bullets pattered like bail about him.\\nOne or two of his staff officers begged him to lie down, as he was\\ndrawing the fire of the enemy, but it never seemed to ocGur to him that", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "GENERAL HENRY IV. LAU TON. 339\\nhe would be hit, and he characteristically remarked to these officers that\\nif any of them cared about lying down they could do so, and many of\\nthem did so while Lawton remained erect.\\nAnd there the staff had to remain exposed to a galling fire as the\\nenemy s sharpshooters continued to select General Lawton s white hel-\\nmet as a mark.\\nA staff officer, who was present at the occurrence, tells of the order\\nsent by General Shatter to General Lawton to withdraw his troops from\\nEl Cauey, a proceeding which would have been disastrous to our forces.\\nHe narrates that as General Lawton stood directing the troops an aide\\nfrom the staff of General Shatter rode up and said:\\nGeneral Lawton, General Shatter directs you to withdraw your\\ntroops.\\nAt first General Lawton was nonplussed; then, turning to the aide,\\nhe said: This is too serious an order to be received verbally and I shall\\nrequire it in writing from General Shatter. He well knew that General\\nShatter was eight miles in the rear and that a written order from him\\ncould not be received before the charge was ordered. This much is a\\nmatter of history, but I do not believe that the whole story has been\\ntold.\\nGeneral Lawton, knowing that the aide would soon reduce the order\\nto writing, immediately sent orders to his officers to charge. The aide\\nreturned in about twenty minutes with the written order, having only\\nretired a short distance to write, and he delivered it to General Lawton\\njust as the whole American force stormed across the field in that last\\ndesperate, successful attempt to take El Caney. When he handed the\\nwritten order to the General, Lawton pointed to the charging troops\\nand said: As you see, the troops have already commenced to charge.\\nTell General Shaffer nothing can stop them now.\\nThus the capture of El Caney was due to General Lawton s perse-\\nverance under difficulties.\\nRECORD IN THE PHILIPPINES.\\nOu General Lawton s arrival at Manila he relieved General Ander-\\nson, in command of the regular troops. He captured Santa Cruz, at the\\nextreme end of the lake, near Manila, April 10. This place, which was a\\nFilipino stronghold, fdl into the hands of General Lawton s expedition\\nafter some sharp fighting, which formed one of the most interesting\\nbattles of the war.\\nGeneral Lawton and his staff accompanied the troops, sometimes", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "330 GENERAL HENRY W. LAWTON.\\nleading charges in Indian fighting tactics, which eventually resulted in\\nthe complete rout of the rebels.\\nThe General s next hard fighting took place in his attack on San\\nEafael, where the American troops were met with a heavy fire from\\na large number of rebels who were concealed in the jungle on all sides.\\nOnly the adoption by General Lawton of the tactics followed in\\nIndian fighting in the United States, every man for himself, saved the\\ndivision from great loss.\\nAs usual, General Lawton was at the head of his line with his staff.\\nAfter the capture of Isidro by General Lawton, President McKinley\\nsent him the following dispatch:\\nTo Otis, Manila: Convey to General Lawton and the gallant men\\nof his command my congratulations upon the successful operations\\nduring the past month, resulting in the capture this morning of San\\nIsidro. William McKinley.\\nIt was announced June 1 that General LaA\\\\ ton had been placed in\\ncommand of the defense of Manila and the troops forming the line\\naround that city. Early in October General Lawton was engaged in\\ndispersing the insurgents and cutting off the communication main-\\ntained by them between Bacoor and Imus by means of the road between\\nthose places.\\nHe was successful in clearing the country of Filipinos and was sev-\\neral times under fire. He then pushed northward, captured a number\\nof towns and di-ove the insurgents everywhere before him.\\nGeneral Lawton and General Young arrived at Arayat October 19,\\nwith a force of about 3,000 men. He next made his headquarters at\\nCabauatuan and took an active part in dispersing the insurgent bands\\nin different parts of the country.\\nAbout the middle of November the whereabouts of General Lawton\\nand General Young, on account of the rapidity of their movements,\\nbecame almost as mysterious as those of Aguinaldo. General Lawton s\\ntroops suffered considerable hardship in this series of energetic move-\\nments.\\nNumbers of the soldiers and even some of the officers were described\\nas marching ahead half-naked, their clothes being torn to shreds in\\ngetting through the jungles. Hundreds of them were barefooted, and\\nall of them were living on any sort of provisions. Bread was rare and\\nCaracao meat and bananas were the staples.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "MAJOR JOHN A. LOGAN. 331\\nThe General was at Tayaug on December 1, his troops having cap-\\ntured large quantities of insurgents supplies. Later he returned to\\nManila, and started to capture San Mateo. While standing in front of\\nhis troops he was shot in the breast, on December IS, 1S99, and died\\nimmediately.\\nThe sad information of the General s death was conveyed to the War\\nDepartment while instructions were being carried out from the Presi-\\ndent to prepare his commission as a brigadier general in the regular\\narmy,\\nGENERAL LAWTON S MESSAGE.\\nOn Friday evening, December 22, 1899, John Barrett, Ex-United\\nStates Minister to Siam, read the following letter from General Lawtou.\\nIt was written while he was at the front and but a short time before\\nhe died:\\nI would to God that the whole truth of this whole Philippine situa-\\ntion could be known by epery one in America as I know it.\\nIf the real history, inspiration, and conditions of this insuiTection,\\nand the influences, local and external, that now encourage the enemy,\\nas well as the actual possibilities of these islands and peoples and their\\nrelations to this great East, could be understood at home, we would\\nhear no more talk of unjust shooting of government into the Filipinos,\\nor of hauling down our flag in the Philippines.\\nIf the so-called anti-imperialists would honestly ascertain the truth\\non the ground and not in distant America, they, whom I believe to be\\nhonest men misinformed, would be convinced of the error of their state-\\nments and conclusions, and of the unfortunate effect of their publica-\\ntions here.\\nIf I am shot by a Filipino bullet it might as well come from one\\nof my own men, because I know from observations, confirmed by cap-\\ntured prisoners, that the continuance of fighting is chiefly due to reports\\nthat are sent out from America.\\nMAJOR JOHN A. LOGAN.\\nThis gallant officer, whose father was the famous General John A.\\nLogan, the typical volunteer soldier and the idol of the troops whom\\nhe commanded, and whose surviving mother, Mrs. Mary S. Logan, is\\nrevered by every Grand Army veteran, was killed in action in the Philip-\\npines Nov. 11, 1899.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "332 MAJOR JOHN A. LOGAN.\\nThe storj- of his sad death is narrated in a letter written bj Dr. B.\\nAlbert Lieberman, major and surgeon of the Thirty-third United States\\nInfantry. (Major Logan s regiment.)\\nThe letter is dated San Fabian, Luzon, November 12, 1899, and is\\nwritten to Dr. Lieberman s father, Kansas City, Missouri. He says:\\nAs I wrote you day before yesterday that we were to attack a town,\\nI will now tell you that we did it, and, although we whipped them, the\\ncost was severe, the killed including Major Logan,\\nWe left here at 7 A. M., and marched about two or three miles, when\\nwe ran into the enemy, who were in houses, rice fields, and tops of trees\\nalong the road, and in intrenchments without end.\\nCorporal Robinson in the advance was wounded by the first volley.\\nMajor Logan in passing him stopped and asked him if he had a first aid\\npackage, and was shot through the head just above the temples.\\nI was only a short distance behind, and I called to my acting hos-\\npital steward, Mercier, and we went forward to him. I took Major\\nLogan s head and Mercier his feet, so as to move him, when poor Mercier\\nwas shot through the heart from a tree under which Major Logan was.\\nI looked up and saw the fellow about fifteen feet above me, and,\\ndrawing my revolver, I shot him, and he fell from the tree.\\nThen, right at that spot, several others were killed or wounded, and\\nwhen I established my dressing station at that place the sharpshooters\\nin the tree tops made things very lively for us until a detail of men\\ncleaned out the tree tops. One hundred and fifty natives were killed,\\nand fifty prisoners and about two hundred guns captured.\\nThe road was something terrible, as it had been raining; the rice\\nfields were like lakes, the streams were greatly swollen, and the bridges\\ndestroyed, so that we had to ford or swim all of them. The natives all\\nhad Mausers, and they knew how to handle them. The battle lasted\\nabout three and one-half hours. General Wheaton to-day sent us a let-\\nter of congratulation on our victory, the biggest one since the war\\nstarted.\\nMajor Logan died in a manner worthy of the son of such a sire and\\nsuch a mother.\\nThe President sent a telegram of sympathy to the wife of Major\\nLogan, expressing his regret for her brave husband, and also conveyed\\nto Mrs. Logan his appreciation of the services of her noble son and deep\\nregret at his death.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "REPORT OF PHILIPPINE COMMISSION. 333\\nTHE OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS OF THE FILIPINO WAR.\\nThe future historian will tell of the important services rendered the\\nAmerican army in the Philippines by Generals T. M. Anderson, F. V.\\nGreene, Wesley Merritt, Arthur MacArthur, E. S. Otis, H. G. Otis,\\nCharles King, M. P. Miller, H. W. Lawtou, Lloyd Wheaton, J. C. Bates, S.\\nB. M. Young, T, Schwan, with the other brave officers of the eighty-two\\nexpeditions sent out to subdue the rebellion in our sea island posses-\\nsions. It may be taken for granted that the insurgents are practically\\nsubdued. Roving bands only of the Tagalos are in existence. Agui-\\nnaldo has been hoping that the American Congress would reverse the\\naction of the President and acknowledge him as the head of the Filipino\\ngovernment.\\nNo such action will be taken. There must be complete submission\\nbefore the future rule of the islands is determined.\\nREPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.\\nAmong other things the commissioners say:\\nShould our power by any fatality be withdrawn the commission be-\\nlieves that the government of the Philippines would speedily lapse into\\nanarchy, which would excuse, if it did not necessitate, the intervention\\nof other powers and the eventual division of the islands among them.\\nOnly through American occupation, therefore, is the idea of a free,\\nself-governing and united Philippine commonwealth at all conceivable.\\nAnd the indispensable need, from the Filipino point of view, of main-\\ntaining American sovereignty over the archipelago is recognized by all\\nintelligent Filipinos and even by those insurgents who desire an Ameri-\\ncan protectorate.\\nThe latter, it is true, would take the revenues and leave us the re-\\nsponsibilities. Nevertheless, they recognize the indubitable fact that\\nthe Filipinos cannot stand alone. Thus the welfare of the Filipinos coin-\\ncides with the dictates of national honor in forbidding our abandonment\\nof the archipelago.\\nWe cannot, fi-om any point of view, escape the responsibilities of\\ngovernment which our sovereignty entails, and the commission is\\nstrongly persuaded that the performance of our national duty will prove\\nthe greatest blessing to the peoples of the Philippine islands.\\nOne of the closing chapters of the report is devoted to a tribute to\\n22", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "334 SPEECH OF SENATOR BEVERIDGE.\\nOur Soldiers and Sailors in the War. The commission says that the\\npresence of Admiral Dewey as a member of this body makes it unfitting\\nto dwell on his personal achievements, but he joins in the eulogy of his\\ncomrades. The commission witnessed some of the many brave deeds of\\nour soldiers and they declare that all that skill, courage and a patient\\nendurance can do has been done in the Philippines.\\nRESPECT FOR THE CHURCHES.\\nThey dismiss the reports of the desecrating of churches, the murder-\\ning of prisoners and the committing of unmentionable crimes and say\\nthey are glad to express the belief that a war was never more humanely\\nconducted, saying:\\nIf churches were occupied it was only as a military necessity and\\nfrequently after their use as forts by the insurgents had made it neces-\\nsary to train our artillery upon them. Prisoners were taken whenever\\nopportunity offered, often only to be set at liberty after being disarmed\\nand fed.\\nWHAT AMERICAN CONTROL MEANS.\\nThe report concludes: Our control means to the inhabitants of the\\nPhilippines internal peace and order, a guarantee against foreign ag-\\ngression and against the dismemberment of their country, commercial\\nand industrial prosperity and as large a share of the affairs of the gov-\\nernment as they shall prove fit to take.\\nWhen peace and prosperity shall have been established throughout\\nthe archipelago, when education shall have become general, then, in\\nthe language of a leading Filipino, his people will, under our guidance,\\nbecome more American than the Americans themselves.\\nThe report is signed by J. G. Schurman, George Dewey, Charles\\nDenby, Dean C. Worcester.\\nSPEECH OF SENATOR ALBERT J. BEVERIDGE.\\nSenator Albert J. Beveridge, who has made a personal visit to the\\nPhilippines, delivered a speech in the Senate Chamber on the Philip-\\npine question. He said in part:\\nI address the Senate at this time because Senators and members of\\nthe House on both sides have asked that I give to Congress and the\\ncountry my observations in the Philippines and the far East, and the\\nconclusions which those observations compel; and because of the hurt-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "SPEECH OF SENATOR BEVERIDGE. 335\\nful resolutions iutroduced by the Senators from South Carolina and\\nGeorgia, every word of which will cost and is costing the lives of\\nAmerican soldiers,\\nMr. President, the times call for candor. The Philippines are ours\\nforever, territory belonging to the United States, as the constitution\\ncalls them. And just beyond the Philippines are China s illimitable\\nmarkets. We will not retreat from either. We will not repudiate our\\nduty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the\\nOrient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trus-\\ntee under God, of the civilization of the world.\\nAnd we will move forward to our work, not howling out regrets\\nlike slaves whipped to their burdens, but with gratitude for a task\\nwoilhy of our strength, and thanksgiving to Almighty God that he has\\nmarked us as his chosen people, henceforth to lead in the regeneration\\nof the world.\\nPHILIPPINES COMMAND THE PACIFIC.\\nThis island empire is the last land left in all the oceans. If it should\\nprove a mistake to abandon it, the blunder once made would be irre-\\ntrievable. If it proves a mistake to hold it, the error can be corrected\\nwhen we will; every other progressive nation stands ready to relieve us.\\nBut to hold it will be no mistake. Our largest trade henceforth must\\nbo with Asia. The Pacific is our ocean. More and more Europe will\\nmanufacture all it needs secure from its colonies the most it consumes.\\nWhere shall we turn for consumers of our surplus?\\nGeography answers the question. China is our natural customer.\\nShe is nearer to us than to England, Germany, or Russia, the commer-\\ncial powers of the present and the future. They have moved nearer to\\nChina by securing permanent bases on her borders. The Philippines\\ngive us a base at the door of all the East. Lines of navigation from our\\nports to the Orient and Australia; from the Isthmian canal to Asia;\\nfrom all Oriental ports to Australia, converge at and separate from\\nthe Philippines.\\nThey are a self-supporting, dividend-paying fleet, permanently an-\\nchored at a spot selected by the strategy of Providence, commanding\\nthe Pacific. And the Pacific is the ocean of the commerce of the future.\\nMost future wars will be conflicts for commerce. The power that rules\\nthe Pacific, therefore, is the power that rules the world. And with the\\nPhilippines, that power is and will forever be the American republic.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "336 SPEECH OF SENATOR BEVERIDGE.\\nRESOURCES AND IMMENSE SIZE.\\nBut if they did not command China, India, the Orient, the whole\\nPacific for purposes of offense, defense, and trade, the Philippines are\\nno valuable in themselves that we should hold them.\\nNo land in America surpasses in fertilitj the plains and valleys of\\nLuzon. Rice and coffee, sugar and cocoauuts, hemp and tobacco, and\\nmany products of the temperate as well as tropic zone, grow in various\\nsections of the archipelago.\\nThe forests of Negros, Mindanao, Mindora, Paluan, and parts of\\nLuzon are invaluable and intact. The wood of the Philippines can sup-\\nply the furniture of the world for a century to come. The mineral\\nwealth of this empire of the ocean will one day surprise the world.\\nI base this statement partly on personal observation, but chiefly on\\nthe testimony of foreign merchants in the Philippines, who have prac-\\ntically investigated the subject, and upon the unanimous opinions of\\nnatives and priests. And the mineral wealth is but a small fraction of\\nthe agricultural wealth of these islands.\\nCHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE.\\nIt will be hard for Americans who have not studied them to under-\\nstand the people. They are a barbarous race, modified by three centu-\\nries of contact with a decadent race. The Filipino is the South Sea\\nMalay, put through a process of 300 years of superstition in religion, dis-\\nhonesty in dealing, disorder in habits of industry and cruelty, caprice,\\nand corruption in government.\\nIt is barely possible that 1,000 men in all the archipelago are capable\\nof self-government in the Anglo-Saxon sense. I kuuw many clever ami\\nhighly educated men among them, but there are only three command-\\ning intellects and characters Arellano, Mabini, and Aguinaldo. Arel-\\nlano, the Cliief Justice of our Supreme Court, is a profound lawyer, and\\na brave and incorruptible man. Mabini is the highest type of subtlety,\\nand the most constructive mind that race has yet produced.\\nAguinaldo is a clever, popular leader, able, brave, resourceful, cun-\\nning, ambitious, unscrupulous, and masterful. Tie is full of decision,\\ninitiative, and authority, and had the confidence of the masses. He is a\\nnatural dictator. His ideas of government are absolute orders, implicit\\nobedience, or immediate death. He understands the character of his\\ncountrymen. He is a Malay Sylla; not a Filipino Washington.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "SPEECH OF SENATOR BEVERIDGE. 337\\nWILL HOLD IT FAST AND FOREVER.\\nHere, then, Senators, is the situation. Two years ago there was no\\nland in all the world which we could occupy for any purpose. Our com-\\nmerce was daily turning toward the Orient, and geography and trade\\ndevelopments made necessary our commercial empire over the Pacific.\\nAnd in that ocean we had no commercial, naval, or military base.\\nTo-day we have one of the three great ocean possessions of the globe,\\nlocated at the most commanding commercial, naval, and military points\\nin the Eastern seas, within hail of India, shoulder to shoulder with\\nChina, richer in its own resources than any equal body of land on the\\nentire globe, and peopled by a race which civilization demands shall be\\nimproved. Shall we abandon it?\\nThat man little knows the common people of the republic, little\\nunderstands the instincts of our race, who thinks we will not hold it\\nfast, and hold it forever, administering just government by simplest\\nmethods.\\nWe may trick up devices to shift our burden and lessen our oppor-\\ntunity; they will avail us nothing but delay. We may tangle condi-\\ntions by applying academic arrangements of self-government to a crude\\nsituation; their failure will drive us to our duty in the end.\\nTHE BLOOD OF OUR SOLDIERS.\\nMr. President, reluctantly and only from a sense of duty, am I forced\\nto say that American opposition to the war has been the chief factor in\\nprolonging it. Had Aguinaldo not understood that in America, even in\\nthe American Congress, even here in the Senate, he and his cause were\\nsupported; had he not known that it was proclaimed on the stump and\\nin the press of a faction in the United States, that every shot his mis-\\nguided followers fired into the breasts of American soldiers was like\\nthe volleys fired by Washington s men against the soldiers of King\\nGeorge, his insurrection would have dissolved before it entirely crys-\\ntallized.\\nThe utterances of American opponents of the war are read to the\\nignorant soldiers of Aguinaldo, and repeated in exaggerated form\\namong the common people. Arms and ammunition were shipped from\\nAsiatic ports to the Filipinos by wretches claiming American citizen-\\nship; and these acts of infamy were coupled by the Malays with Ameri-\\ncan assaults on our government at home.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "338 SPEECH OF SENATOR BEVERIDGE.\\nThe Filipinos do not undcrstauil free speech, and therefore our tol-\\nerance of American assaults on the American President, and the Amer-\\nican Government, means to them that our President is in the minority\\nor he would not permit what appears to them such treasonable criticism,\\nBELIEF OF THE FILIPINOS.\\nIt is believed and stated in Luzon, Panay, and Cebu that the Fili-\\npinos have only to tight, harass, retreat, break up into small parties, if\\nnecessary, as they are doing now, but by any means hold out until the\\nnext Presidential election, and our forces will be withdrawn. All this\\nhas aided the enemy more than climate, arms, and battle.\\nSenators, I have heard these reports myself; I have talked with the\\npeople; I have seen our mangled boys iu the hospital and field; I have\\nstood on the firing line and beheld our dead soldiers, their faces turned\\nto the pitiless Southern sky; and, in sorrow rather than anger, I say\\nto those whose voices in America have cheered those misguided natives\\non to shoot our soldiers down, that the blood of those dead and wounded\\nboys of ours is on their hands; and the tiood of all the years can never\\nwash that stain away.\\nIn sorrow rather than anger I say these words, for I earnestly believe\\nthat our brothers knew not what they did.\\nINCAPABLE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT.\\nBut, Senators, it would be better to abandon this combined garden\\nand Gibraltar of the Pacific, and count our blood and treasure already\\nspent a profitable loss, than to apply any academic arrangement of self-\\ngovernment to these children.\\nThey are not capable of self-government. How could they be? They\\nare not of a self-governing race. They are Orientals, Malays, instructed\\nby Spaniards in the latter s worst estate. They know nothing of prac-\\ntical government except as they have witnessed the weak, corrupt, cruel,\\nand capricious rule of Spain.\\nWhat magic will any one employ to dissolve in their minds and char-\\nacters those impressions of governors and governed which three cen-\\nturies of misrule has created?\\nWhat alchemy will change the Oriental quality of their blood and\\nset the self-governing currents of the American pouring through their\\nMalay veins?\\nWe must act on the situation as it exists, not as we would wish it.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "BOOK II.\\nLIVING ISSUES.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "cOLUhei/v E\\\\c c/:l\u00c2\u00a3ctco\\nI hoto of M. A. Hanna by i erinis!*ion of \\\\V, J. Rodt. I liotographer. Chicagro\\nEMINENT POLITICIANS AND STATESMEN\u00e2\u0080\u0094 EXPANSIONISTS", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "t ^\\\\^tti;Y hAY. f\\n]f ATTOfcJMCY GtN. G0IG()5 il\\nPRESIDENT McKIXLEY AND HIS CABINET-EXPANSIONISTS", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "^evJPBrashfOf;MmWQJJ^^^cv-J.M3m///t D.D.\\nNOTED DIVINES-EXPANSIONISTS", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "vtt-naAvrKt: ^LSi rcc\\nA GROUP OF EXPANSIONISTS", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXVI.\\nEXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nTHE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF INTERVENTION.\\n(The Rev. F. A. Noble, D. D.)\\nWe have had four wars in this country four, leaving out the old\\nFrench and English wars. Of these four, three were righteous, and\\nwill be adjudged righteous by posterity. So far as England was con-\\ncerned, there ought never to have been any occasion for a resort to\\narms; but on this side of the Atlantic the American Revolution was\\njust and right. No intelligent man anywhere who loves liberty ven-\\ntures to question it.\\nThe same may be said of the War of 1812. England was the aggres-\\nsor, and put forth claims and made demands which were intolerable;\\nand there seemed no way of bringing her to her senses, but by giving\\nher an allopathic dose of Perry and Scott and Jackson.\\nThe war to maintain the integrity of the Union was a commenda-\\nble and holy war. Hardly another disaster to mankind could have\\nhappened which would have been so serious as the breaking up of this\\nnation and the establishment of human slavery on the ruins of the\\nRepublic.\\nBut the war with Mexico was a wicked war. It was entered upon\\nwithout justification and for an inhuman purpose; and the day will\\nnever dawn when the memory of it will not be a shame to every true\\npatriot in the land. Under the providence of God the unwarranted\\ndeed has been overruled for good; but the credit of this is not due to\\nthe authorities and the conspirators who aided them in the mischievous\\nplot, but to Him who maketh even the wrath of man to praise Him.\\nBut the war with Spain was not a war of miserable intrigue and\\nrestless ambition, nor was it urged for any petty and selfish ends.\\nIt was not a war in aid of commerce and trade. Business, no doubt,\\nhad been seriously affected by the unsettled and appalling condition\\nof affairs in Cuba for the last three years, and losses to citizens of the\\nUnited States had been large. But had these losses been a hundred\\n339", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "340 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\ntimes as great, or a thousand times, they would have afforded no moral\\nwarrant for war.\\nIt was not a war to enable our army ajid navy officers to display\\ntheir skill and secure coveted i)roniotion. This is one of the perils to\\nwhich nations with armies and navies are exposed. Officers become\\nimpatient under the dull routine of peace and want a chance for pro-\\nmotion.\\nIt was not a war for teri itorial aggrandizement. In the final action\\ntaken by Congress this was one of the resolutions: That the United\\nStates hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sov-\\nereigntj-, jurisdiction or control over said island except for the pacifi-\\ncation thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accom-\\nplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people.\\nNot so is it with us. We do not want Cuba. The citizens of this\\nrepiiblic are not consumed with land-greed. Canada may remain under\\nthe dominion of the queen as long as she likes, and nobody on this\\nside of the line will either woo her or disturb her. Mexico may go on\\nher way, and nobody of sense and honesty within the bounds of the\\nUnited States will wish her other than the utmost good will and God-\\nspeed in the development of her resources and the cultivation and\\nadvancement of her people. In acreage, in variety of climate, in fer-\\ntility of soil, in mineral wealth, in fruits, in lakes and rivers and\\nplains and mountains, in miles of sea coast, in great memories and\\nresplendent hopes, enough are ours. As we have no need so we have\\nno wish for Cuba.\\nIt was not a war to avenge the destruction of the Maine and the\\ncruel slaughter of two hundred and sixty five officers and men, though\\nin the preamble of the resolution offered in the Senate, the sad fate\\nof this ship is named as one of the grounds in justification of the pur-\\npose to proceed to the extremity of blood, unless Spain should at once\\ncease from her oppression and withdraw from Cuba.\\nWhat, then, was this war, and in what lies its justification? The\\nanswer is at hand. It was a war in behalf of humanity and for the\\nvindication of human rights and the enlargement of human liberty.\\nA people close to our borders, down-trodden, over-run, bruised, smit-\\nten, starved and done to death, but with hearts as human and rights\\nas sacred as any people on the earth, stretched out their hands to us,\\nand lifted up their voices from the dismal depths into which oppres-\\nsion had plunged them, and implored us to help; and we had no right,\\neither in the sight of God or man, to avert our gaze and stop our ears", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 341\\naud pass on in a self-complacent and comfortable indifference. Na-\\ntions, as well as individuals, have a duty of Good-Samaritanism laid\\nupon them.\\nADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY.\\nTHE FUTURE OF THE PHILIPPINES.\\nI have the greatest enthusiasm in the future of the Philippines. I\\nhope to see America s possessions the key to Oriental commerce and\\ncivilization. The brains of our great country will develop the untold\\nagricultural and mineral richness of the i.slands.\\nWe must never sell them. Such au action would bring on another\\ngreat war.\\nWe will never part with the Philippines, I am sure, and in future\\nyears the idea that anybody should have seriously suggested it will\\nbe one of the curiosities of history.\\nThe insurrection is broken. There will be no more hard battles,\\nand the new era for the islands that was temporarily delayed by the\\nrising will soon begin.\\nAguinaldo s name is the real power among the natives. Many of\\nthe island provinces that were once warlike are anxious for peace, and\\nwill accept the American terms as soon as the Tagalos of Luzon are\\nwhipped iuto line, but they dare not treat with us as long as Agui-\\nnaldo has the power to confiscate property or punish those who offend\\nhim.\\nAT THE GATEWAY.\\nJames Valentine sings as follows:\\nThere s a baby at your gate-way,\\nUncle Sam, t^ncle Sam\\nFilipino, Spanish-Malay,\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nNever mind who placed it there,\\nIt has need of love and care.\\nShall your kindly hand not dare,\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nShall you say you do not dare,\\nUncle Sam\\nIt is bruised and worn and broken.\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nBleeding wounds, the Spanish token,\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "342 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nAH the World has heard its cry,\\nWill jou leave it there to die?\\nAll the World will ask you why,\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nAll the W^orld will wonder why,\\nUncle Sam!\\nDo not heed the Stranger growling,\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nDo not heed the Craven howling.\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nDo not let disloyal fears\\nDrown the Filipino tears\\nOf three hundred bloody years.\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nOf the long and cruel years,\\nUncle Sam!\\nNot for hope of gain nor glory,\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nNot to make a bloody story,\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nBut to do the just and right.\\nTurn the darkness into light.\\nIn your charity and might.\\nUncle Sam, Uncle Sam\\nIn the glory of your might,\\nUncle Sam.\\nHON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS.\\n(Address on Expansion at Freeport, 111., August 27, 1858.)\\nIt is idle to tell me or you that we have territory enough. Our\\nfathers supposed that we had enough when our territory extended to\\nthe Mississippi river, but a few years growth and expansion satisfied\\nthem that we needed more, and Louisiana territory from the west\\nbranch of the Mississippi to the British possessions, was acquired.\\nThen we acquired Oregon, then California and New Mexico. We\\nhave enough now for the present, but this is a young and growing na-\\ntion. It swarms as often as a hive of bees, and as new swarms are\\nturned out each year, there must be hives in which they can gather\\nand make their honey. In less than fifteen years, if the same prog-\\nress that has distinguished this country for the last fifteen years con-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 343\\ntinues, every foot of vacant land between this and the Pacific ocean,\\nowned by the United States, will be occupied.\\nWill you not continue to increase at the end of fifteen years as\\nwell as now? I tell you, increase and multiply, and expand is the\\nlaw of this nation s existence. You cannot limit this great republic\\nby mere imaginary lines, saying thus far shalt thou go and no farther.\\nAny one of you gentlemen would be foolish to say to a son twelve\\nyears old that he is big enough, and must not grow any larger, and in\\norder to prevent his growth put a hoop around him to keep him to\\nbis present size. What would be the result? Either the hoop must\\nburst and be rent asunder, or the child must die. So it would be with\\nthis great nation.\\nWith our natural increase, growing with a rapidity unknown in\\nany other part of the globe, with the tide of emigration that is flee-\\ning from despotism in the old world to seek refuge in our own, there\\nis a constant torrent pouring into this country that requires more land,\\nmore territory upon which to settle, and just as fast as our interests\\nand our destiny require additional territory in the North, in the South,\\nor on the islands of the ocean, I am for it.\\nHON WILLIAM PITT FRYE.\\n(United States Senator from Maine. Address in New York City,\\nApril 26, 1899.)\\nWE WILL HOLD THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.\\nWhat shall we do with the Philippine Islands? Restore them to\\nSpain? There isn t an intelligent man in the world who has famil-\\niarized himself with the conditions who does not declare their unfit-\\nness for government.\\nShould we follow the advice of the statesmen who have likened\\nAguinaldo to George Washington, Patrick Henry, and Lafayette, and\\nyield the control to him?\\nWe might sell the islands and reimburse ourselves for the cost of\\nthe war.\\nWe might sail av ay and leave them to chaos, shifting from our\\nbroad shoulders all responsibility to God and man; but would God\\nand man hold us harmless?\\nWhat shall we do with the Philippines? In my judgment there\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2vvill be no uncertain sound in the answer of our people. They have", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "344 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nbeen acquired honestly, and in their acquirement we have dealt gen-\\nerously with Spain. We will hold them as our own, for the good of\\nthe peoples who inhabit them and for the immense advantage, conl-\\nniercially, they promise us.\\nWe will give them a good government, relief from burdensome taxa-\\ntion, ample security in all their civil and religious rights. We will\\nbuild highways, construct railroads, erect schoolhouses and churches.\\nWe will allow them to participate in government so far and so fast\\nas we may find them capable. We will give employment to labor and\\ngood wages to the laborer.\\nWe will arouse in them an ambition to become good citizens, com-\\npetent to manage their own local affairs and interests. We will make\\nit possible for them, some time in the future, to form a stable repub-\\nlican government, capable of making treaties, enforcing their rights\\nunder them, and observing their obligations.\\nThen, we alone being the judges of their competency, will surrender\\nto them the sovereignty, reserving to ourselves the naval and coaling\\nstations necessary for our commerce and its protection.\\nIn the meantime we will not restore a rod to Spain or sell a rod\\nto any nation on earth, nor will we permit our supreme authority to\\nbe diminished or questioned by any power within or without the islands.\\nSuch utterances as these may subject me to the charge of being\\nan expansionist. I plead guilty to the indictment and find myself\\nin most exalted company.\\nARCHBISHOP lEELAXD.\\n(Address before the Grand Army of the Republic at Buffalo, Aug-\\nust 24, 1897.)\\nACHIEVEMENTS ARE FITLY MEASURED BY THEIR RESULTS.\\nAchievements are fitly measured by their results. Of our achieve-\\nments the results are the United States of the present time. The\\nUnited States hail to the great nation. By very force of her great-\\nness and of the mission which Providence imposes upon her, she is\\ncompelled to wave her flag in triumphant ownership over remote islands\\nwhence vast seas are ruled.\\nWherever throughout the whole world her Stars and Stripes is seen\\nrespect is at once awarded to it. Nations most powerful covet her\\nalliance, and offer welcome to her promise of peace. Within her borders", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION- SENTIMENTS. 345\\nthe spirit of humanity s new age is at home the spirit of humanity s\\nprogress, of humanity s freedom, of humanity s social elevation.\\nAmerica leads in humanity s forward march; America s to-day is\\nthe world s to-morrow.\\nAnd this great nation strong, resolute, proud, progressive is a\\nnation of freedom; popular suffrage is her life blood, civil and politi-\\ncal liberty her native atmosphere.\\nAmericans, hail to the great nation. Hail this night to the Presi-\\ndent of the United States.\\nThe President symbolizes the nation; the President personifies the\\nnation.\\nThe majesty of the nation encircles his brow; the power of the\\nnation rests in his hand; honor due to the nation is due to the Presi-\\ndent; honor from the President is honor from the nation.\\nTo-night America sits at our board. Hail to William McKiuley,\\nthe President of America.\\nAye, hail to William McKinley, the man and the citizen, whom\\nChristian virtues and patriotic deeds make worthy to be the President\\nof America.\\nThe achievements of the soldiers of the Civil War have given us the\\nUnited States of the present time. The valor of those soldiers upon\\nland and upon sea killed organized secession and saved the Union.\\nWithout those soldiers there would be to-day no United States.\\nA dozen of petty republics, writhing in the agonies of discord and\\nrevolution, would lie scattered between the Atlantic and Pacific shores\\neach one so small and impotent that her people could own no pride,\\nand the nations of the earth should neglect and scorn her.\\nThe union of states is the obligatory and perpetual submission of\\nstate governments in all national interests to the central government\\nin Washington. This is the vital condition of strength and prosperity\\nto the states and to the populations that cover their territory. The\\nvictories that the veterans are celebrating in Buffalo preserved the\\nUnion and endowed it with immortality.\\nHON. CUSHMAN K. DAVIS.\\n(United States Senator from Minnesota. Address in St. Paul,\\nMinn., May 16, 1899.)\\nWE MUST HOLD THE PHILIPPINES.\\nDewey lay in the harbor of Hongkong. Under the law of nations\\nhe was required to quit that port within twenty-four hours after the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "346 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\ndeclaration of war, and he went. And the only place upon that hemi-\\nsphere of the globe to which he could go where he would not be sub-\\njected to the same law was the bay of Manila, and by an act of daring\\nnot singular in the annals of the American navy, but which does not\\ndetract from his glory in the least by one stroke, in one morning\\nwith a slight interval for breakfast he sank, deeper than ever plum-\\nmet sounded, under the waters of Manila Bay, all the power of Spain\\nin that hemisphere.\\nWhat was the consequence? The City of Manila is one of the\\ngreat commercial cities of the world, far exceeding in proportion to\\nits population, which is 300,000 people a great distributing point in\\nthat great Oriental trade and distributions, which is opening upon\\nus like a dream soon to become a reality.\\nWhat was he to do? The power of Spain was broken; she no\\nmore could hope to raise the head of power in Luzon or any other of\\nthe islands.\\nWhat was the United States to do? Were we to sail away? Was\\nDewey to trail his triumphant ensign at the stern of his ship and\\nsneak out of the bay of Manila? To go where he couldn t go? For he\\nhad no refuge at Hongkong for more than twenty-four hours.\\nHOLD THE PHILIPPINES.\\nNow for the situation of the Philippines. This is no inconsiderable\\nelement of commerce, (5,000,000 is probably a conservative estimate of\\nthe population, but their exports and imports in 1896 were more than\\n$60,000,000 and the balance of trade in their favor was $20,000,000.\\nA great market of itself, but it skirts the coast of China for 1,200\\nmiles.\\nManila is one of the greatest commercial cities of the world and\\nhas been for 200 years.\\nIt is 600 miles from Hongkong, and any nation seeking to oppress\\nor obtain undue advantage on the coast of China or follow its trade\\nwith the unnumbered multitudes of people has got to do business with\\nthe nation that holds the Philippine archipelago.\\nI am in favor, unreservedly I speak only for myself and without\\nany inspiration or concert of opinion with any other man I am in\\nfavor of holding the Philippines at whatever cost permanently and", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 347\\nnot provisionally until the inhabitants thereof shall demonstrate, and\\nas they shall demonstrate their capacity for autonomy, and then grant\\nit to them, little by little, to the fullest degree to which they shall\\nshow themselves capable.\\nI appeal to the commercial man.\\nI appeal to him who says that we have been trading among our-\\nselves long enough, that we have brought to pass that condition of\\nthings whereby the American market is supplied by American labor\\nand American superfluity is flowing out through all the world; I appeal\\nto him, in the light of enlightened assurance, is it not worth while to\\nhold on to these tremendous advantages we have?\\nI appeal to the ministers of Christianity.\\nI appeal to those who have carried the cross and the faith, irre-\\nspective of all denominations, in foreign lands and have subdued bar-\\nbarism by teachings with which barbarism had been unfamiliar, is\\nit worth while to stop this war and evacuate the Island of Luzon and\\nleave it to the anarchy to which it would inevitably fall?\\nI appeal to all the forces of civilization, those forces which by\\nsome occult and powerful influence have for 200 years moved the West\\nto the East, which sent the British into India to the infinite advan-\\ntage of the Indian people, and which for the last twenty years has\\nsent European nations into Africa, a continent larger than both North\\nand South America, and which in the process of time will redound\\nto the interests of humanity.\\nI appeal to Christianity, and civilization an influence which has\\ntaken Madagascar, an influence which is in the process of extending\\nits spheres of influence over China, however cruel and unjustifiable\\nmay be the incidental processes.\\nI appeal to those influences which we know, looking over the his-\\ntory of the last 500 years, in the process of time will conduce to a\\nbetter Christianity and a higher civilization than those countries have\\never yet seen for they have seen none at all of either.\\nWhy shall the United States, the representative of intelligent power,\\nand probably the most power of any seventy millions of people on\\nthe face of the earth, why shall the United States confess themselves\\nincapable of undertaking a task which England, Germany, France,\\nHolland, and every colonizing nation of the world has not only asserted\\nits adequacy to but has succeeded in its fulfilment?\\n23", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "348 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nGOVERNOR THEODORE ROOSEVELT.\\n(Address at the reunion of the Rouf;:h Riders, Las Vegas, New Mex-\\nico, June 25, 1899.)\\nTHE FLAG SHALL NOT BE HAULED DOWN.\\nLet us not forget our comrades who this summer are facing all\\nthat we faced last summei-. Let us not forget the gallant men, the\\nregulars and volunteers, who are upholding the honor of the flag and\\nthe interests of the nation in the Philippines. Surely there is not one\\nof us whose veins have not tingled with pride as he read of the gal-\\nlantry of those men; and I suppose few of us have not thought at\\ntimes that we should like ourselves to fight beside Lawton now as\\nwe fought beside him last July, and to see if the Rough Riders could\\nnot do their share of the work now done by the splendid men who\\nfollow Funston, Hale, and the other daring leaders, who, during the\\nlast six months, have added so many new pages to the honor roll of\\nAmerican history.\\nTo our shame be it said there are men in this nation so indifferent\\nto the country s honor, so lukewarm in patriotism and courage that\\nthey would let all the work of these men go for naught let their blood\\nbe spilled in vain. But the heart of our nation is sound, and the puny\\nfolk who deem it otherwise are woefully mistaken in their country-\\nmen. Where our flag has been raised it shall not be hauled down.\\nIf any difficulty seems greater than w e expected it merely means\\nthat we shall exert a little more strength in overcoming it.\\nI read with pride the other day how both Senators from Cali-\\nfornia, though of opposite political parties, joined in assuring the Presi-\\ndent that California would stand like a rock behind him in seeing\\nthat there w-as no stepback in the Philippines; and I can assure him\\nof the like spirit in the great State of which I have the honor to be\\nthe Governor. We stand ready to give him whatever he needs in\\nmen or money to put down the armed savagery to which we are opposed\\nin the Philippines.\\nSUPPORT FOR McKINLEY.\\nHe shall have all he wishes to put it down quickly, and whether\\nit is put down quickly or not, he shall have our support in ever in-\\ncreasing measure until the last spark of resistance has been stamped", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00abK\\nEXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 349\\nout. We want no peace talk with men who bear arms in their hands.\\nWhen once they submit they shall be treated with absolute justice\\nand equity, and their rights most carefully guarded; but until they\\nsubmit they must be taught Avith rough hand what it is to make war\\nupon the American flag.\\nThere is no East and no West wTien we come to deal with ques-\\ntions of this kind. The United States is to be the great power of the\\nPacific, and we men of the Atlantic coast are good Westerners and\\nare as resolutely bent upon upbuilding our power in the Pacific as\\nthe men of the Pacific slope themselves.\\nOur nation must show itself great not only in the ways of peace\\nbut in that preparedness for war which best insures peace. We must\\nupbuild our navy and army until they correspond to the needs which\\nthe new century will bring. Above all, my comrades and my fellow-\\ncountrymen, we must build up in this country that spirit of social and\\ncivic honesty and courage which alone can make any nation reach the\\nhighest and most lasting greatness.\\nHON. DON M. DICKINSON.\\n(July 4, 1899.)\\nANOTHER STAGE OF EXPANSION.\\nLess than 123 years ago to-day, a few representatives of our people\\ngathered in Philadelphia and proclaimed the birth of our republic.\\nThe news of the great event of the Fourth of Jiily, 1776, was sent\\nas speedily as the facilities would allow to New York, where it was\\nspread on the evening of the ninth of July.\\nThe people celebrated the event by pulling down the statue of\\nKing George, and later made it more appropriate and more effective\\nby molding that statue into bullets and cannon balls.\\nFor the four years following the year 1801 we were demonstrat-\\ning to a doubting world the divine nature of our institutions, and show-\\ning that a government of the people and for the people and by the\\npeople should not perish from the earth.\\nWith the Spanish war we gained the respect of the nations. Nay,\\nwe gained more, we gained the renewal of cordial fellowship and fel-\\nlow citizenship of the North with the South, and the blue and the gray\\nwalked to victory beneath Old Glory.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "350 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nThe Spanish war, with all its bloodshed, loss of life and treasure,\\nwas worth more than all we gave.\\nWe have come to the Fourth of July, 1S99, and to-day the Fourth\\nof July, 1776, is commemorated in the time that it takes the world to\\nturn around, and not only here, but all around the globe.\\nWe well know, fellow citizens, the highway that has been traveled\\nby this nation in a short 100 years. And as the sun of the new cen-\\ntury rises, we see by its rays the highway extended out into the future\\nto another stage of robust growth and healthy expansion.\\nWe will go forward as we came, under God and the flag, putting\\nour trust in Him as did our fathers, with steadfast courage and fidelity.\\nHON. AMOZ J. SMITH.\\n(Postmaster General.)\\nOUR DUTY ON THE PHILIPPINE QUESTION.\\nThis intense activity at home, this universal employment of labor,\\nthis great and increasing prosperity go on undisturbed, although we\\nare engaged in a serious conflict 8,000 miles away. The contest in\\nthe Philippines has not affected our unparalleled industrial revival or\\nour matchless prosperity.\\nIn truth, the tremendous events of the past year have aided in\\nawakening our domestic activities, for they have lifted the curtain\\nand revealed new outlets for trade and commerce, and even this trouble\\nin the Philippines would not have come if the action of the govern-\\nment had been left unhampered and unembarrassed.\\nSUCCESSFUL WHEN UNHAMPERED.\\nIts success where it had free hands was unlimited and undenied.\\nIts victory in the war with Spain stands unequaled.\\nYou will search the annals of history in vain for a parallel to its\\nswiftness of execution and its completeness of triumph.\\nIt was as skillful in making peace as in waging war. The treaty\\nof Paris was also negotiated with extraordinary ability, promptness\\nand judgment.\\nUp to that point there was no flaw in the sweep of success. Had\\nthe treaty been promptly and unanimously ratified, as it ought to\\nhave been, there would have been no conflict.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 351\\nThe treaty was sent to the Senate early in December. Then and\\nfor nearly two months after that time peace and order prevailed.\\nThere was no outbreak till February. The sovereignty of the United\\nStates, established and recognized by the treaty, was accepted.\\nBut the manifestation of opposition in the Senate incited and em-\\nboldened opposition in the Philippines, and the contest of nearly two\\nmonths at Washington created a new and unnecessary contest around\\nManila.\\nBUT ONE COURSE POSSIBLE.\\nWhen that contest came the government had but one course and\\none duty. It was under obligation to suppress the insurrection of\\nthe Tagals in Luzon just as much as it would be to suppress the revolt\\nof an Indian tribe in Idaho or Wyoming.\\nWe owe it to the world, which recognizes our supremacy and expects\\nus to secure peace and maintain law and order. We owe it to our\\nown sovereignty, and we owe it to the interests and well being of the\\nFilipinos themselves.\\nWe have no war with the Filipinos. It is the testimony of our\\ncommission, and of all other authorities, that fully 90 per cent of the\\nFilipinos accept and welcome the American flag, which carries liberty\\nand the promise of enlightenment and progress to them.\\nOur conflict is only with the single tribe of Tagals, which because\\nof encouragement from some of our own people, and because of a mis-\\nunderstanding of the real American purpose, has broken out in insur-\\nrection.\\nThat conflict has unhappily continued beyond the hope and perhaps\\nbeyond the expectation of the country.\\nEVERY BATTLE A VICTORY.\\nIt is no fault of the government. It is no fault of the soldiers.\\nEvery battle has been a victory. The American arms have never\\nonce been defeated or repulsed.\\nNo soldiers ever fought more dauntlessly under greater hardships\\nthan the heroes who have borne our flag through the jungles of Luzon,\\nand the names of Otis and MacArthur, and Lawton and Funston, with\\ntheir gallant comrades, will ever be inscribed in the brightest records\\nof American valor.\\nThere has been no lack of vigorous leadership and no lack of faith-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "352 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nful and arduous service in the ranks. The only trouble has been that\\nour numbers have not been great enough to overwhelm the insurgents\\nand crush the revolt.\\nWhere is the fault, if fault there be? What is the public feeling\\nof which we have been conscious withiu the past weeks? The Ameri-\\ncan people have not changed their spirit or purpose; they manfully\\naccepted the responsibilities and the duties which came with the war\\nof last year, and they accept them now. They have no thought of\\nshrinking from the obligations which have fallen upon them. Instead\\nof abandoning this work they are the more determined to proceed with\\nit, and their feeling is not one of hesitation and doubt, but rather one\\nof impatience to accomplish immediate and conclusive results.\\nEX-SENATOR PEFFER.\\n(Address at Maryvllle, Missouri, July 4, 1899.)\\nNOT THE TIME FOR DISPUTES.\\nScarcely had the smoke of battle between American and Spaniard\\nblown from over Manila when that part of the earth began to show\\nsigns of American prosperity and order. Everything went along\\nsmoothly until some of our soldiers were fired upon by certain ruffians.\\nIt immediately became our government s duty to defend the lives\\nof our soldiers and the honor of our country, and to secure and pre-\\nserve peace and order. When it has been done we can find time to\\ndispute among ourselves about minor questions of government, but not\\nbefore.\\nThose who oppose this policy tell us we are violating the principles\\nof the Declaration of Independence by enforcing our government upon\\npeople without their consent. Will you open the doors of our prisons\\nand turn out all the men who are incarcerated there against their con-\\nsent?\\nThis country originally belonged to the Indian, but did the white\\nman permit the Indian to ravish and burn and kill because to restrain\\nhim would be to govern him without his consent?\\nWe are dealing directly with Spain. When the Spanish fleet was\\nsunk and Manila captured the Philippines came into our control under\\nthe international code, and we became directly responsible for them\\nand the acts of their inhabitants in the eyes of the world.\\nThey are ours to dispose of as much as any territory of this nation,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 353\\nand if the administration refused to put down that rebellion it would\\nbe as derelict in its duty as it would if it failed to put down a rebellion\\nin Missouri or Kansas or Texas.\\nSENATOR SHELBY M. CULLOM.\\n(Address at Morris, 111., July 4, 1899.)\\nTHE UNITED STATES MUST EXERCISE SOVEREIGNTY.\\nWhen Dewey sailed into Manila Bay May 1, 1898, the world was\\nstartled, the map of the earth was changed, and the entire American\\npeople applauded this act, but few of us appreciated the extent of his\\nvictory or the mighty problems of the future which were so unex-\\npectedly thrust upon us for solution. The close of the war with Spain\\nmade possible one of three solutions of the eastern question either\\nto return the Philippine Islands to Spain, leave them to be scrambled\\nfor by the grasping nations of the old world, or to hold them ourselves\\nfor such form of government as it might be proper to give them. I\\nbelieve that no citizen favors handing the islands back to Spain, and\\nI have not heard of any who favor their surrender to the European\\nnations. But while this is true we are not all agreed that we shall\\nretain them ourselves.\\nSome appear to desire that these islands should be left to the native\\npopulation for such government as they may have the wisdom or\\nability to establish. As I said in a speech recently in Washington:\\nAguinaldo is an usurper, a dictator, a self-appointed ruler, who\\nattacked the United States troops while they were at war with Spain,\\nand the people of the islands would be no nearer a government of their\\nown under him than they were under Spanish rule.\\nThe only probable outcome is that the United States must exercise\\nsovereignty and control in those islands for the time, and as soon as\\nthe diverse and antagonistic tribal elements shall become better adapted\\nand qualified for self-government a republican form of government will\\nbe accorded to them.\\nWithout any desire or motive on our part the future of these fer-\\ntile islands has been confided to us. To us has come the international\\nobligation of planting there a stable government, of giving security to\\nlife and property, of carrying to a benighted people the blessings of\\neducation, liberty and civilization.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "354 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nThe close of the ceutury is rich in expectation and big promise for\\nour nation. To hold and develop the Philippine archipelago gives the\\nPacific ocean to America, and the marvelous trade of the twentieth\\ncentury trembles in the grasp of the world republic.\\nAt the same time we are gaining the respect of the foreign nations.\\nOur ship of state is the flagship of humanity.\\nWe are planting schools for the ignorant. We are striking the\\nshackles from those who sit in bondage. We are carrying the light\\nof civilization into the dark places of the earth, and we are teaching\\nthe nations of the world that people only may safely extend its ter-\\nritory which holds such territory in trust for humanity.\\nEX-MAYOR MATTHEWS.\\n(Of Boston.)\\nHAVE NO RIGHT TO ABANDON THE ISLANDS.\\nThe question is not whether we shall let the Philippines govern\\nthemselves, but whether we shall allow a small portion of them to\\nmisgovern all the rest. We have no more right to abandon those\\nislands and their occupants to savage or semi-savage misrule than\\nDewey had to scuttle his ships after the battle of Manila.\\nAs trustees w^e cannot resign.\\nThe practical duty of the United States, which no amount of his-\\ntorical misinformation will enable us honorably to avoid, is to re-\\nestablish peace and civil order in the Philippine Islands and to do it\\nat once; and then to formulate a scheme of government for the islands,\\nframed for the sole purpose of promoting the material welfare and polit-\\nical progress of their inhabitants.\\nHON. CHAMP CLARK.\\n(Member of Congress from Missouri. Democrat. Address at Lexington,\\nKy., July 4, 1800.)\\nCONFIDENCE IN PRESIDENT McKINLEY.\\nIf America had never done anything worthy of remembrance except\\npresenting Dewey to mankind her reason for being would be vindi-\\ncated. He is the very flower of American chivalry in the closing days", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 355\\nof the uineteenth century. If he blossomed and matured under the\\ncold light of the north star, he has no more ardent admirers than\\nthose who dwell beneath the southern cross. He belongs to the whole\\ncountry, as he wrought and conquered for the whole country.\\nOf the good things done by the Fifty-fifth Congress perhaps the\\nbest thing was making Dewey an admiral, to be retired only on his\\nown request. The fervent hope of all Americans is that he may live\\nforever and be ranking admiral all the time.\\nIn far-reaching consequences his victory at Manila ranks with the\\nskirmish at Concord and Lexington, with the Declaration of Inde-\\npendence, the adoption of the Constitution and Washington s inaugu-\\nration.\\nAs the mighty Frederick said of his illustrious father, the great\\nelector, so it may be said of Dewey with equal truth: This man did\\ngreat things.\\nIf I had my way about it every calendar and almanac printed in\\nthis country henceforth and forever March 8, 1898, would appear in\\nblood-red characters as a date worthy of our most grateful remem-\\nbrance. That was the day when our great Civil War really closed\\nand when the Spanish war, one of the most righteous of modern times,\\nbegan.\\nThat day the House of Representatives Democrats, Republicans,\\nPopulists, without a man missing performed the most gigantic piece\\nof confidence seen among men since the world began by placing in the\\nhands of President McKinley, without condition and without reserve,\\n$50,000,000.\\nAs .a Democrat of Democrats, I am happy in the belief that Presi-\\ndent McKinley did not abuse that confidence so freely bestowed. As\\nan American, I am proud to think that no man ever did or ever will\\nhold that high position who would betray such a sacred trust.\\nIf it did no other good, the Spanish war made us once more a\\nunited people united in fact as well as in name.\\nThis alone was worth all the cost of blood and tears and treasure.\\nBut it did more. It taught foreign nations a potent fact, which\\nwe knew before, that while we have fought each other viciously and\\nferociously on economic questions and will continue to do so, when\\nwe are engaged with a foreign foe our contentions cease at low water\\nmark.\\nBeyond that we are Americans and Americans only, ready with\\nunited and unquailing hearts to confront a world in arms.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "35G EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nIs there between the Atlantic and Pacific a Republican with soul\\nso small as to withhold his full measure of glory from voung Hobson\\nbecause he is an Alabama Democrat?\\nIf so, he is unworthy of American citizenship.\\nWithin the broad confines of the republic can there be found a\\nDemocrat so base as to wish to deprive Colonel Theodore Roosevelt\\nof the guerdon of valor because he is a New York Republican?\\nIf so I disclaim him as my countryman.\\nWar has its pathos as well as glory, and since Nimrod first went\\nforth to battle I think no field has presented a more pathetic scene\\nthan that of old Joe Wheeler, burning with fever and patriotism, his\\nwhite hair gleaming in the wind, charging up Santiago Ilill to place\\non foreign soil the glorious banner of the republic to pull down which\\nhe had devoted four of the best years of his life.\\nCHARLES J. BONAPARTE.\\nWON T ENCOURAGE REBELLION.\\nCharles J. Bonaparte, the Baltimore attorney who was recently\\nelected a vice-president in the Anti-Imperialist league of Boston, wrote\\na letter to Erving Winslow telling why he cannot accept the proffered\\ndistinction. He says:\\nWhen the protocol was signed the President could have withdrawn\\nour military and naval forces from the islands and abandoned all fur-\\nther interference in their affairs. Instead of so doing, he even agreed\\nto pay Spain $20,000,000 as the price of their sovereignty, and those\\nof us who then condemned and still condemn his course are, to my\\nmind, in no wise bound to show him now a way out of any embar-\\nrassment which he may have thus brought upon the country.\\nIf, however, I were to undertake this task, I should not, as at pres-\\nent advised, recommend negotiations with revolted Filipinos or any\\nattempt to organize a quasi-independent government under our suzer-\\nainty or protection in the archipelago. If we must own the islands\\nin any sense or become at all responsible for their peace and good\\ngovernment, then I think that a system of administration modeled sub-\\nstantially upon that of British India will be indispensable to their\\nprosperity and our security, and complete submission to our authority\\non the part of the inhabitants is obviously the first step toward its\\nestablishment.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 357\\nI may add that, while I fully recognize the injustice, and even ab-\\nsurdity, of those charges of disloyalty which have been of late freely\\nmade against some members of the league, and also that many hon-\\norable and patriotic men do not feel as I do on this subject, I am\\npersonally unwilling to take any part in an agitation which may have\\nsome tendency to cause the public enemy to persist in armed resist-\\nance, or may be at least plausibly represented as having this tendency.\\nThere can be no doubt that, as a matter of fact, the country is at\\nwar with Aguinaldo and his followers; I profoundly regret this fact;\\nI think its causes very discreditable to our President and his official\\nadvisers, but it is a fact, nevertheless, and as such must weigh in deter-\\nmining my conduct as a citizen.\\nGENERAL EDWARD S. BRAGG (Democrat).\\nNo man of sound sense in favor of quitting.\\nGeneral Bragg, the brave Wisconsin officer who was connected with\\nthe famous Iron Brigade, expresses his opinion as follows:\\nWe have got to whip those fellows and establish a protectorate.\\nI did not agree with the administration in its position In those Islands\\nat the start, but after the war was begun I was not in favor of quitting.\\nAnd no man of sound sense will say otherwise. As I read and study\\nthe character of those people I find them a strange mixture, and it Is\\ntoo bad we must keep on and kill men every one of whom is worth a\\nhundred Filipinos. I am glad, however, to see that the campaign is\\nbeing left to the men in the Islands, instead of their movements being\\ndirected from Washington. The generals on the ground are the ones\\nwho know the situation best, as it was shown time and time again in\\nthe Civil war. The need of more troops has also been considered, which\\nshould have been done at first and with the regiments augmented the\\nwar ought not to last much longer.\\nI have always found it to be trvie in the affairs of this government\\nthat great crises are adjusted properly and for the best good of the\\nwhole people. This will be the inevitable result of the war in the\\nPhilippines.\\nHON. WILLIAM DUDLEY FOULKE.\\nLOYALTY AND EXPANSION.\\nWhen war was declared there was only one course open to the com-\\nmander in chief of our armies, and that was to strike the enemy as hard", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "358 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nas possible wherever be could be reached, in Cuba, in Porto Rico, in\\nManila. Commodore Dewey was at Hongkong. He could not stay\\nthere. Only twenty-four hours could he remain in a neutral port. We\\nhad no coaling station at hand, and the only place on the broad waters\\nwhere he could go was straight to Manila. We will not forget the bril-\\nliant victory won upon that bright May morning one year ago, when\\nDewey entered an unknown harbor beset with mines and torpedoes, and\\nwithout the loss of a single man annihilated the Spanish fleet.\\nPROPOSITIONS OF THE CRITICS.\\n(1) Let us consider the propositions of the critics. Should we\\nhave turned the islands back to Spain and consigned the people to a\\nfuture without hope? Would that be worthy of the American Republic?\\n(2) Should we have delivered Manila to Aguinaldo and his tribe of\\nTagals, which composed only a small part of the population of the\\narchipelago, a tribe that actually attempted to burn the city and to\\nmassacre the white population? Would that have been worthy of the\\nAmerican Republic?\\n(3) The project of consigning the Philippines to the joint guardian-\\nship of European powers was perhaps the wildest of all. To deliver\\nthese people to the care of guardians who are continually fighting each\\nother for such prey as they can gather in distant regions of the earth\\nis not fraught with the prospect of happiness. The Empire of Turkey\\nhas long been subjected to just this sort of joint protection. The Ameri-\\ncan massacres and the war in Crete show how it has succeeded. In\\nSamoa we have ourselves taken part in just this sort of joint dominion,\\nand it has not been marked with success. To deliver the islands to the\\nrule of any single power would have involved great danger of a Euro-\\npean war. Besides the critics of the administration tell us that islands\\nof that kind cannot be delivered by one power to another. So that was\\nimpossible.\\nHON. J. P. DOLLIVER, M. C, IOWA.\\nTHE AGUINALDO GOVERNMENT AND THE HUBBUB OF LIBERTY.\\nWhen a man undertakes to attack his country he ought at least to\\nunderstand the facts in the case and tell the truth about it. I undertake\\nto say that the men who are filling this country with noisy maledictions\\nagainst the President of the United States are not familiar with the\\nfacts of our Philippine foot race.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 359\\nThey say that President McKinley went to the Philippine Islands for\\nthe purpose of subjugating them and said when he got there: Submit\\nor die.\\nPresident McKinley is not the man who took the American people\\nto the Philippine Islands. It was Admiral Dewey.\\nI saw the order in the President s handwriting directing our great\\nAdmiral in Asia to find the Spanish fleet and capture or destroy it, but\\nneither the President nor the Navy Department expected the Admiral\\nto be able to bunch them.\\nWe expected to be chasing that fleet all over the Pacific Ocean\\nthroughout the summer, and gather the most of them in by late in the\\nfall at any rate.\\nThe fact is that nobody in particular took us to Manila. When they\\nblew us up in Havana the law of gravitation did the rest. We came\\ndown in Manila, and when we got there we had responsibilities as well\\ndefined as the Ten Commandments. Having wiped out the only existing\\ngovernment that there was there, we had the responsibility for the\\nmaintenance of order and the protection of life, liberty and property\\nthroughout those islands.\\nFor one I am not sorry that we stayed there. In fact, I don t see\\nhow we could very well have gotten away. Nobody seemed to suggest\\nthat we ought to have departed.\\nThey said that McKinley wanted to go there to exterminate those\\npeople. On the contrary, on the 8th day of January, he sent to Ad-\\nmiral Dewey and to General Otis a distinct order not to fire on them\\nunder any circumstances, but to treat them with kindness, patience\\nand consideration and get along with them in peace.\\nOn the 13th day of February, being duly advised by certain hum-\\nbug senators and representatives in Washington, on a telegraphic\\ndispatch from a gentleman by the name of Agoncillo, who left town\\nimmediately, they fired on us. There were a great many of us that\\ndidn t like to see those poor people fired upon, but there wasn t one\\nof us, so far as I have been able to find out, that felt that we were\\nunder any obligation to run from that particular kind of soldier. And\\nso we are going to fight them to a finish, and we haven t done a thing\\nthat has not been indorsed by our admiral and by our general.\\nI picked up recently a letter written to the Topeka Capital by a\\nyoung man from Kansas, who learned to swim in an old swimming\\nhole down there on the banks of Deer Creek, in Kansas\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Colonel Fun-\\nston.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "360 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nHe is not particularly an enemy of liberty.\\nI saw him more than a year ago, wounded as a volunteer aid on\\nthe staff of Gomez in the original Cuban insurrection I knew him\\nserved with his father, Farmer Funston, in the Fifty-first Congress.\\nHe is an intelligent newsi aper man and a lover of liberty. With all\\ndue respect to college professors, there is not a college professor in\\nAmerica that loves liberty any better than Brother Funston. What\\ndoes he say?\\nI am afraid that some people at home will lie awake at nights\\nworrying about the ethics of this war. Liberty simply means to them\\na license to raise hell.\\nAnd if these Tagals get control they would raise a fine crop of it.\\nThey are, as a rule, an illiterate, semisavage people, who are waging\\nwar not against tyranny, but against Anglo-Saxon order and protec-\\ntion. I have read in some newspapers a prediction that pretty soon\\nAguinaldo will have more friends in the United States than William\\nMcKinley will have.\\nWho is Aguinaldo? He is a young man, 28 years old. What is\\nthe Philippine Republic? It is the dictatorship of Aguinaldo.\\nI have here the constitution of the Philippine Republic laid before\\nour Paris commission dui-ing their sessions last August. I want to\\nread to you the tenth article of the constitution of this particular insti-\\ntution in the Philippine Islands:\\nThe President of the government is the personification of the Phil-\\nippine people, and in accordance with this idea it shall not be possible\\nto hold him responsible while he holds the office.\\nThat is the government about which this hubbub of liberty is raised.\\nJUDGE OLIVER H. HORTON.\\nNO MAN HAS THE RIGHT TO DISCOURAGE HIS COUNTRY S DEFENSES.\\nWhat would the President s critics have him do? Would they have\\nhim, as commander-in-chief, require Dewey to humiliate himself and\\nhis nation by sailing out of that harbor, trailing in his wake the flag\\nof his country in dishonor?\\nIn August, 1808, a conference was held in Saratoga Springs, X. Y.,\\nto consider the future foreign policy of the United States. In the\\nresolutions adopted at that conference it is said:\\nAs soon as the islands under our present protection can be trusted", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 361\\nto govern themselves they should be allowed home rule, either iude-\\npendently or as a part of the United States, as hereinafter recom-\\nmended. Until such time as they may be able to govern themselves\\nthey should continue under the protection of the United States, and\\nthe fiuestiou as to whether at some future period, at the mutual desire\\nof both, they should be permanently annexed should be left to the\\ntime when it arises.\\nAmong the fifty-two signers of those resolutions you may find the\\nnames of Carl Schurz, Samuel Gompers, Robert Treat Paiue, Edwin\\nBurritt Smith and Henry Wade Rogers. These men, with the other\\nsigners, presented those resolutions to President McKinley in person.\\nIf this question from those resolutions was wise and prudent and\\ngood then why not now? Every man has a right to his convictions\\nupon public questions, but no man ought to publicly utter sentiments\\nwhich tend to humiliate or discourage his country s defenders in the\\nfields or to lessen his country s influence in the family of nations.\\nAs against our country and in support of the brave and loyal men\\nat the front there should be no party, no sect, no section, no nation-\\nality, no sophistry of political economists no fire from the rear.\\nBISHOP SAMUEL FALLOWS, D. D., LL. D.\\nPRESIDENT Mckinley of the Abraham Lincoln stripe.\\nAmerican patriotism is not a weeping and wailing and gnashing\\nof teeth because Amei ican soldiers and sailors have just been adding\\nthrough divine providence a new and imperishable luster to our family\\nname.\\nThe flag which has waved in glory over an expanding country from\\n1776 to 1899, under which the reunited soldiery of the blue and the\\ngray, with their valorous, patriotic sons, have so splendidly striven\\ntogether, will not be shot down at a range of 10,000 miles with the\\nsulphurous paper wads of a Boston pamphleteer.\\nNot money, not lust of conquest, not desire of territorial expan-\\nsion began the Spanish-American war, but humanity. In its every\\nphase of anguish and suffering humanity has continued and crowned\\nAmerican- chivalry with everlasting honor. And in God s good time,\\nwhich we fervently pray may speedily come, humanity shall bring\\nit to a triumphant close.\\nAll hail to the nation s chief, on whom rests the burden of the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "362 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nwhole nation s responsibility. Heaven forbid that we should add one\\nscruple to its fearful weight by unjust criticism and inconsiderate\\naction. Rather let us show by our loyal devotion to the policy he has\\nbeen compelled by the logic of events to adopt that without distinc-\\ntion of party or sect we will gladly help him bear it.\\nWe all know that the President of the United States is not an angel,\\nand I am particularly glad at this time that he is not, that he is one\\nof our folks still. But he is neither a dictator, nor a tyrant, nor a\\nking, nor an imi)erator. He is simply an old-fashioned, broad-minded,\\nlarge-hearted, law-enforcing, typical American of our own Abraham\\nLincoln stripe.\\nMost heartily, therefore, do I approve of strengthening the hands\\nof the people-loving, the people-consulting and the people-reflecting\\nWilliam McKinley. God bless him.\\nHON. E. BENJAMIN ANDREWS, LL. D. (Democrat.)\\n(Superintendent Public Schools of Chicago.)\\nTHE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS UNITED STATES TERRITORY.\\nI am one of those who believe that the American flag will, without\\nany change in its historic creed of liberty, soon fly over every one of\\nthe Philippine Islands; that it will never be hauled down in any of\\nthem, and that all the Filipinos will before long hail its presence as\\nan unqualified blessing. These views, of course, are debatable, but\\ntouching the nation s immediate duty in those islands, to the Filipi-\\nnos themselves, to foreign residents there, and to all mankind interestetl\\nin Philippine civilization and trade, I should think there ought to be\\nno difference of opinion.\\nThe simple legal fact is that the Philippine Islands are at this\\nmoment as truly United States territory as Illinois. The President\\nmust do his utmost to create civil order there or break his official oath.\\nAs a loyal citizen I heartily approve his efforts. Our brave army\\nand navy should be re-enforced if necessary and encouraged to press\\nforward. All the citizen and all the soldier in me rises in protest when\\nI hear appeals calculated to breed discontent, disobedience and per-\\nhaps mutiny among the men at the front.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 363\\nHON. LUTHER LAFLIN MILLS.\\nA PROTEST AGAINST NATIONAL HUMILIATION.\\nWhile Dewey and Otis and tlie lierues around tliem are bravely up-\\nholding the flag of the country in the Philippines, the title to which\\nhas already been accepted by the United States as an incidental result\\nof a most righteous war, it is urged by some of the citizens that the\\nemblem of the nation be lowered there, as never yet in all its history\\nit has been lowered, and that in the presence of the world we make\\nconfession that the brain and conscience of America have assumed a\\nresponsibility which they cannot or should not carry.\\nAs I honor and revere my country I protest against such a policy\\nof national surrender and humiliation.\\nThe course announced by our wise, patriotic and humane President,\\ncontemplating, as it does, the permanent welfare of the inhabitants of\\nthe Philippines, the bringing to them of peace out of disorder, the\\nestablishing by them of laws in the land and the introducing among\\nthem of civilizing and Christianizing influences is but a continuance\\nof the purpose for which we went to war with Spain, when the mag-\\nnificent public sentiment of the country demanded that we rescue Cuba\\nfrom ruin and to its people bring the light of a better day. The star\\nof humanity led us then; it leads us now.\\nNo nation ever had a nobler policy than that of the redemption of\\nanother people, and this nation would be defiant of its duty and false\\nto the great trust which it assumed when the treaty of peace was\\nsealed with Spain and it took under its guardianship the barbarians\\nof the sea if at the command of a youthful adventurer, with a few\\nthousand adherents supporting him among eight millions of people and\\nat the dictation of his sympathizers elsewhere than in the Philippines,\\nit now abandoned them.\\nI have no fear that such a course will be sustained by the thought\\nand conscience of our people. They have assumed their burden and\\nwill carry it. They are great enough to bear the responsibility; they\\nare dutiful enough never to shirk it.\\nTHE REV. LYMAN ABBOTT, D. D.\\nPROPOSITIONS NOT SERIOUSLY DISPUTED.\\nThe following propositions seem to me undisputable, and so far as\\nI know, have never been seriously disputed by any auti-e.xpansionist:", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "36-i EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\n1. When Admiral Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in the har-\\nbor of Manila, the only government in the Philippine archipelago, real\\nor pretended, de jure or de facto, was the Spanish government.\\n2. By the destruction of the Spanish fleet the power of that gov-\\nernment to protect persons and property in the archipelago was de-\\nstroyed.\\n3. It is a well settled principle of international law, and a self-\\nevident proposition of good morals as well, that when any nation\\ndestroys the power of an existing government it is bound to furnish a\\ngovernment in its place that is, to furnish protection to persons and\\nproperty until and unless some other government competent to fur-\\nnish such protection is organized.\\n4. The United States could not have evaded this duty with honor\\nby sailing away from the harbor of Manila after destroying the Span-\\nish fleet, as the anti-expansionists then proposed; nor can it now evade\\nthis duty with honor by sailing away from Manila in the faith that\\nthe Aguinaldo or Malolos government has the will and the ability to\\nfurnish protection to persons and property, for\\n5. There is no adecjuate evidence that it has the will, and the pro-\\nclamation officially certified to by General Otis, calling for the exter-\\nmination of all foreigners without apprisement or compassion, does\\nnot indicate the existence of such a will. There is no indication that\\nit has the power. It is composed of the Tagals, who are only a minor-\\nity of the inhabitants of the Island of Luzon and a still smaller minority\\nof the inhabitants of the archipelago. The government of the Tagals\\nin the Philippines would not be self-government; it would be an oli-\\ngarchy.\\nFor these reasons it appears clear to me that the United States\\ncannot escape the responsibilities of sovereignty in the Philippine archi-\\npelago until under its fostering care a government is organized both\\nable and willing to furnish that protection to the rights of life, liberty\\nand the pursuit of happiness for which governments are organized\\namong men.\\nIt is my conviction, which events from day to day have only con-\\nfirmed, that it is the purpose of the present administration to discharge\\nthese responsibilities and to fulfill the obligations which they involve.\\nNor do I see any reason to doubt the official declarations, constantly\\nrepeated by the administration I quote now from Secretary Long s\\naddress in Boston May 1 disavowing any purpose anywhere to sub-\\njugate or reduce these islands to vassalage, or make these people slaves,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 3G5\\nor deprive them of any rights w hich are enjoyed by our own territories\\nat home.\\nJUDGE EICIIAKD S. TUTHILL.\\nTHE CRITICISM OP MALIGNANT OR IGNORANT FAULT-FINDERS.\\nNot during the struggle for independence, not during his two terms\\nas President, did the great Washington escape the criticism of malig-\\nnant or ignorant fault tinders.\\nFoolish and presumptuous men, without adequate knowledge of the\\nsituation, without breadth of view to see what was wisest and best\\nto be done in the struggle for the preservation of the Union in 18(51\\nto 18G5, ceased not to croak and to criticise Abraham Lincoln.\\nGreat newspapers and leaders, who were willing to admit that they\\nwere wiser than the western country lawyer, denounced the groat\\nemancipator as unequal to his task, as weak and hesitating, as will-\\ning to drench the land in blood, to destroy the Constitution and to\\nwhelm the government in financial ruin.\\nNot alone in the ranks of his political opponents were these found.\\nFrom the classic halls of universities and colleges, from reformers\\npar excellence, and from newspaper and magazine offices came the\\nself-appointed advisers, who illustrated at once their ignorance and\\ntheir egotism by assuming to criticize a Grant, a Sherman, a Sheri-\\ndan, a Logan, because they so conducted war as to gain victories and\\nto destroy the enemy and to end the struggle.\\nLiars in the field and at home wrote to the newspapers lies about\\nthem, and they ceased not to denounce Lincoln and the wicked Stan-\\nton for every insignificant fault which their jaundiced vision could dis-\\ncover at Washington or in the field.\\nTo-day the people of the United States know that they have a chief\\nmagistrate who in early manhood upon many battlefields gave proof\\nthat he so loved his countrj that he was willing to give his life in her\\ndefense, and greater love hath no man than this.\\nThey know that in the fierce light of a continuous public career\\nsince the close of the great war he has stood unscathed, patriotic and\\ntrue, wise and experienced in all the concerns of state, sincere and\\nfaithful, desiring to do without faltering his duty in the great place\\nto which the voice of the people, which is the voice of God, has called\\nhim.\\nAgain history repeats itself. The croakers, the self-appointed cen-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "366 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nsors do uot dare to question his purpose to do right. But they criti-\\ncise the administration and find fault because our soldiers and sailoi-s\\nare fearless and shoot straight; because those who fight against them\\nget the worst of it, as may the enemies of our country always do.\\nThese do not seek prominence on the deck of a man-of-war, as did\\nDewey in Manila Bay, or in climbing the bloody hill at San Juan, or\\nfighting a concealed foe in the swamps of Luzon, or in swimming in\\nthe face of Mauser bullets to place their country s flag where it be-\\nlonged, and shall remain.\\nIgnorant, if not malignant, they cease not to find fault with the\\nadministration. Their efforts will avail not to keep back the ocean of\\ncivilization, which, thank God, shall yet cover all the dark places on\\nearth, and shall make them in the future to blossom with the flowers\\nand to be ripe with the fruits of a better era for the oppressed of all\\nthe earth.\\nHON. GEORGE E. ADAMS. (Democrat.)\\nALL PARTIES MUST GIVE CORDIAL SUPPORT TO THE FLAG.\\nDuring the last eighty years the American people have done as\\nmuch for international arbitration as all other nations combined. Since\\n1816 seventy-two arbitration treaties have been signed. Out of this\\nnumber twenty-three have concerned Great Britain and thirty-six the\\nUnited States. All other nations taken together have resorted to arbi-\\ntration only thirteen times.\\nWhat we have done in the past is nothing to what we can do in\\nthe future. We shall be the greatest industrial nation of the next\\ncentury. We can exert an overpowering influence against militarism\\nand in favor of a peaceful method of settling international disputes.\\nBut we cannot exert this commanding influence except on two condi-\\ntions.\\nFirst, the world must understand, as it does understand, that we\\nare slow to begin war; secondly, the world must understand that when\\nwar does come men of all parties, whatever they may think of ques-\\ntions that led to the war or questions that rise out of the war, will\\npostpone for a time all discussion that only tends to give aid and com-\\nfort to the enemy, and unite in cordial support of the men who carry\\nthe flag of the United States.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 367\\nHON. LAMBERT TREE. (Democrat.)\\n(Former United States Minister to Russia under President Cleveland.)\\nTHE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT MUST BE MAINTAINED.\\nThe brilliant naval victory which made the name of Dewey immortal\\nand shed an imperishable luster upon American arms created at the\\nsame time conditions which we cannot escape. Great victories always\\ndo. The Philippine Islands fell into our hands. To have left them in\\nthe hands of Spain under the circumstances that existed would have\\njustly excited the scorn and contempt of the world.\\nTo have turned them loose, unprepared as their inhabitants were\\nand are for self-government, would have made them the prey of every\\nEuropean power and caused international complications with respon-\\nsibility for which we could not avoid. Hence there was no course left\\nbut to throw around them the shield of the protection of the United\\nStates until such time as it could be properly determined in our inter-\\nests, as well as theirs, what should be done with them.\\nThe world thought the inhabitants of these islands were most for-\\ntunate in having the protection of the government of the United States,\\nwhich had, moreover, just released them from centuries of Spanish\\noppression, from which they were unable to release themselves.\\nTheir gratitude was what was naturally expected, but that utterly\\nunscrupulous and dishonest leader, Aguinaldo, by base misrepresenta-\\ntion of the purpose of the United States, stirred them to insurrection,\\nand instead of kissing the flag of their rescuers they fired upon it.\\nNow, will anybody tell me what the government could do under such\\ncircumstances otherwise than what it has done?\\nWould its critics have had it withdraw the soldiers when they were\\nfired upon by the very men they had just released from their Spanish\\noppressors? Did they wish the government to order the fleet of Ad-\\nmiral Dewey to come home?\\nIt is presumed that the American Congress will in good time deter-\\nmine what shall ultimately be done with the Philippine Islands, but\\nuntil then it is the duty of the President of the United States to main-\\ntain authority over them, no matter how many men it takes to do it,\\nand all persons there resisting that authority should feel the bayonet\\nand the ball cartridge. To have these people expect anything else is\\nin the end cruelty to them and belittling to our government.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "368 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nRESOLUTIONS DRAWN UP BY GENERAL JOHN C. BLACK.\\n(Democrat.)\\n(Passed unanimously at the great mass meeting in the Auditorium, Chi-\\ncago, May 7, 1899.)\\nFirst. We recognize that a condition of war prevails in the Philip-\\npine Islands between the government of the United States and certain\\nmen who are in insurrection against the lawful authority of the United\\nStates. We believe that such condition of insurrection has arisen from\\na course of events which, when once instituted, has moved in irresisti-\\nble sequence to the present situation that this course of events began\\nwith the barbarities practiced by the Spanish government toward the\\ninhabitants of the Island of Cuba.\\nThese barbarities were continued by the Spanish authorities in spite\\nof our protestations and entreaties through a series of years for an\\namelioration of these dreadful conditions, and finally culminated in\\nthe destruction of the Maine in the harbor of ITavana.\\nEvery step which followed has been inevitably sequent of the pre-\\nceding events war between the two nations, the success of Ameri-\\ncan arms and the consequences which attach to the conquest of an\\narmed foe. Among these consequences were the occupation of the\\nPhilippine Islands by the American naval and military forces, and the\\nsubstitution during the remainder of the war of the sovereignty of the\\nconqueror for that of the conquered. In the Philippine Islands, with\\nthe exception of a single year, Spanish sovereignty has been complete\\nsince the sixteenth century.\\nSpain collected the taxes, held the fortifications, appointed all the\\ncivil officers. Spanish viceroys, Spanish judges, Spanish courts admin-\\nistered the laws which were proclaimed by the Spanish government\\nand enforced by the Spanish army and navy. The sudden destruction\\nof this sovereignty compelled the substitution of the sovereignty of the\\nconqueror.\\nNo other government in the archipelago was competent to receive\\nthe authority surrendered by Spain. Our government had to accept\\nand assume the responsibility of the situation and execute the duties\\ndevolved upon it by the change in the administration of the laws. The\\nonly alternative was to sun*ender the islands to anarchy or to foreign\\nand selfish intervention. Neither course was compatible with duty or\\nwith the dictates of humanity. Therefore, after the conquest in the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 3G9\\nharbor of Manila it was iucumbeut ou our government to protect life\\nand property throughout the archipelago.\\nWe recognize and declare the facts to be that from the 13th day\\nof August, 1898, until the 4th day of February, 1899, peace prevailed\\nin Mauila under the jirotection of American arms that on the day last\\nnamed an insurgent force assailed our army iu its fortifications and\\nencampments under the cover of darkness and by this act of aggres-\\nsion inaugui-ated hostilities, the first result of which was intended to\\nbe wholesale massacre and the destruction of property within the city.\\nWe recite with sorrow the fact that the chief encouragement has\\nbeen from some of our misguided fellow citizens, and to them must\\nbe ascribed much of the bloodshed and ruin which has followed.\\nWe further declare that the government of the United States has\\nsought in every honorable way to secure cessation of hostilities, as\\nevidenced by the appointment of a commission fully authorized to treat\\nwith the insurgents and to offer them peace and amnesty, and by the\\naction of our military and naval authorities, who have at all times\\nbeen ready to protect those who would surrender their arms and cease\\ntheir warfare against the government of the United States.\\nWe point to the fact that these efforts of peace have been constantly\\nrejected by the insurgents until it became manifest even to them that\\nthey were waging a hopeless war.\\nSecond. We declare our belief in the high honor and just action of\\nour army and navy in the Philippine Islands. We believe that our gov-\\nernment has taken every step that it should take to secure peace and\\norder. We believe that the administration i*epresenting the govern-\\nment has highly and fully discharged its duty in the premises. We\\nconsider it our part to share the burdens of our government, rather\\nthan to embarrass its efforts and thus prolong the conflict of arms.\\nThird. We know that at this very hour our soldiers in arms are\\nface to face with an armed foe, and until the close of hostilities we\\nknow only our country, its army and navy, and its executive. We\\npledge to them while our flag shall be in battle our unfaltering support.\\nFourth. We as Americans take pride in the achievements of our\\narmy and navy, both in the war with Spain and in the present mili-\\ntary operations in the Island of Luzon. The heroism of officers and\\nmen alike has shed renewed luster on American arms.\\nThe cause in which they have fought was and is a just one. They\\nare now fighting for the security of the lives of peaceable noncombat-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "370 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nauts tbiouf;bout the archipelago, aud in just reprisal for an unpro-\\nvoked attack.\\nWe believe that the sending of seditious appeals to the American\\ntroops, engaged in hostilities, is an act of treasonable character, and\\nthat every appeal to them to abandon their colors or disregard their\\nduty as soldiers merits the lasting condemnation of every patriot.\\nFifth. The government of the United States should be, and -wa\\nbelieve will be, true to its principles in the disposition of all ques-\\ntions that may arise in the future in our relationship with the people\\nof the Philippine Islands.\\nSixth. We regard the great issue of the hour to be the success\\nof our country in the performance of the duty which it owes to civili-\\nzation. Until this is assured until armed insurrection has ceased\\nwe have no terms to offer but the American terms of unconditional\\nsurrender.\\nEX-JUDGE JOHN BARTON PAYNE. (Democrat.)\\nMISTAKE OF SO-CALLED ANTI-IMPERIALISTS.\\nIt is well known that the President was not in favor of a declara-\\ntion of war against Spain; that his attitude toward that subject was\\nconservative; so much so, indeed, that many of the men who now charge\\nhim with ulterior motives insisted that he was too slow and did not\\ndesire a war with Spain.\\nIt is a fact that twelve months ago it was recognized by nearly\\nall of the people of this country that the situation in Cuba had con-\\ntinued for so long and was so acute as to demand the immediate inter-\\nvention of the United States, and the voice of the American people\\nwent up as one man, demanding that the atrocities of Spain toward\\nthe Cubans should cease. This culminated in a declaration of war.\\nThis declaration received practically the unanimous support of the\\nCongress and people of the United States.\\nOne fundamental mistake made by the gentlemen who style them-\\nselves anti-imperialists is that they treat the government of the United\\nStates as a thing apart from the people of the United States. I deny\\nthat there is any difference. The people here find speedy expression\\nof their convictions, and when the time comes for us to deal with\\nthe future of the Philippine Islands, I rest confident in the conviction\\nthat we will be able to deal with that question in a just and humane\\nmanner; that we will not deny, alter or abridge the principles upon", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 371\\nwhich this government is founded, but will be found both able and\\nwilling to deal with the question in a way to merit the continued respect\\nof mankind and to add to the glory of our achievements.\\nMeantime our duty is to stand firmly and unalterably by the gov-\\nernment of the United States until it shall establish complete suprem-\\nacy over its foes, whether those foes be great or small, whether a mighty\\nnation or a band of Philippine insurgents. Until then no loyal heart\\nshould for one moment doubt the loyalty, the patriotism or the wis-\\ndom of the President of the United States or of the soldiers or sailoi s\\nwho stand before the enemies of the country, maintaining its integrity,\\nits honor and its glory.\\nTHE REV. P. S. HENSON, D. D.\\nA CONDITION AND NOT A THEORY CONFRONTS US.\\nWe are confronted, as a late lamented President of the United\\nStates was wont to say, with a condition rather than a theory. A\\npoor wretch was lying by the roadside that runs between Jericho and\\nJeru.salem. He had been beaten and robbed, was bleeding and bruised\\nand lying there likely to die. A good Samaritan came along. He\\ntook him in hand. He bent tenderly above him. He bound up his\\nwounds. He gave him a cordial and he never rested until his work\\nwas done.\\nThat good Samaritan is Uncle Sam, who stumbled upon the Phil-\\nippines and was God-guided as he went, like that good Samaritan.\\nHe went in with Dewey. Not to have gone in would have been insan-\\nity. To sneak out would have been pusillanimity. The thunder of\\nDewey s guns broke the grip of Spain upon that race of slaves. What\\nthen? Shall we deliver them over to Aguinaldo? Pray, who is Agui-\\nnaldo? It would be worth while to have his picture.\\nWell we would know how to use his picture. There have been those\\nthat regarded him as a demon, and some that bow before him as a\\ndemigod, and they have had the effrontery to put him on a pedestal\\nas high as Washington.\\nShame on such a man.\\nWhen there is issued such an infernal proclamation like that which\\nhas come to us to-day, as if it was sent out from the bottomless pit,\\nwhen such a proclamation shall be signed by George Washington and\\nshall come to us, when it shall be authentically proved that he was", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "372 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nguilty of such rapacity and cruelty as Aguinaldo, when it shall be\\nshuwn that he stole away from these shores with his pockets filled\\nwith British gold as the price of his surrender, then you can sink his\\npedestal to the level of that of Aguinaldo.\\nTHE CUBAN JUNTA RECALLED.\\nAnd whom does Aguinaldo represent? You remember the Cuban\\njunta. Do you ever hear of the Cuban junta? Where is that junta\\nnow? There were those who insisted that our President should de-\\nliver over the Island of Cuba to the Cuban junta.\\nThere was a clamorous crowd of them, and there was a clamorous\\ncrowd of little Americans who insisted that he should do it, but as\\nthat gem of the Antilles marches to-day, radiant with beauty and purged\\nof its filthincss, the filthiness of Spanish rule, as it marches to enter\\nupon a new era of splendid civilization, where is the man that does\\nnot applaud the sagacity and the level-headedness of President McKin-\\nley?\\nAnd so to-day there are those that wave the Declaration of Inde-\\npendence in our faces and tell us that the thing to do is to deliver over\\nthose islands of the archipelago in the East to the people who are\\ntheir rightful masters for all governments derive their just powers\\nfrom the consent of the governed. So wrote Thomas Jefferson.\\nDo you remember that the Lord said to Joshua, My servant is\\ndead\\nAnd so is Thomas Jefferson. I do not believe that Thomas Jefferson\\nwas infallible.\\nI believe that a live President in the year of grace 1899 is just as\\nmuch of an authority as a President that lived and died a hundred\\nyears ago. I am no worshiper of a saint just because he is dead. Let\\nthe dead bury the dead.\\nAs to that hallowed document that declares that all governments\\nderive their just powers from the consent of the governed, if that is\\nto be literally construed there never was a greater falsehood palmed\\noff by the devil upon a credulous world.\\nIt is not true of the government of God. There has been a book\\npublished lately entitled The Republic of God, and there are a lot\\nof palavering fellows who think that if they can get a consensus about\\nhell and heaven that settles it.\\nI do not think the principle will apply in a family. I am the father", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 373\\nof a numerous progeny. I have not been accustomed to gather a con-\\ngress of kids about my table to determine how the family should be run.\\nAnd nations have their childhood just like infants. There never\\nwas a greater absurdity than the declaration that the people every-\\nwhere, regardless of character, regardless of advancement, of intelli-\\ngence and civilization, are fit subjects for popular government.\\nWhether all governments derive their just powers from the con-\\nsent of the governed depends very much upon the people the kind\\nof people. There are conditions of society, there are nationalities for\\nthe government of which the iron hand is better than a hydra-headed\\nmonster.\\nThe American people have been heard from through their repre-\\nsentatives in Congress assembled, and they have ratified the treaty\\nwith Spain that ceded to us the Philippine Islands.\\nAnd the President of the United States has no more right to-day\\nto deliver over the Philippine Islands to the redoubtable Aguinaldo\\nthan he has to deliver Governor s Island over to Richard Croker\\nThe American people are not fools, and they are not fanatics.\\nThey are not howling jingoes, thirsting for blood and eager for more\\nterritory, and our friends need not work themselves up in a fine frenzy\\nlest we should degenerate into a race of swashbucklers.\\nWe are a hard headed, lawful, broad-minded, industrious, peace-\\nloving and eminently sensible people, and the President is a typical\\nspecimen of us.\\nAs has been said, he hesitated a long time before he went to war.\\nHe realized, as many did not, that war was hell. He abhorred war,\\nbut the time had come when it had to be done, and when it did have\\nto be done, he said let it be done quickly.\\nHe did not want to sniff the air, but he let loose the dogs and they\\nran down their game. Go in Dewey, rouse up ye Rough Riders, charge\\nSan Juan, take Santiago, hail Sampson and Schley, Cervera s fleet is\\ncoming out, steaming out. Run them down and beat them with shot\\nand shell.\\nBut they said have mercy. Better to have drops of blood now than\\nrivers of blood by and by. We can have mercy then, but we want\\nquick work now.\\nThat is what Grant said. There were timorous people then, afraid\\nof blood, you know. Grant was a grim soldier, but he loved peace\\nbetter than war. He fought with all his might and had a gun with him.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "374 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nThat is the President, that is Dewey, that is the soldier in the field\\nand the admiral on the ship.\\nWe never meant to go to the Philippines. We did not want to go\\nthere. We have no special desire to stay there now. But we have to.\\nWe have got territory enough, the Lord knows, and problems enough\\nat home to settle. We did not want to go.\\nWe deplore blood, but I tell you who have the greater reason to\\ndeplore the bloodshed that is going on to-day, and they are the men\\nwho have instigated by their cruel suspicions of the President and of\\nthe government, the prolongation of this war in the Philippines.\\nThey never would have suspected us of mercenariness if it had not\\nbeen shoved into them by men who ought not to have the name of men.\\nEvery night through blood to light. Every night through blood\\nto light. That is the history of the sweep of civilization all down\\nthe ages. That is the history of ours.\\nIn the providence of God Columbus was guided. America was\\nfounded, and a like providence has guided us to the Philippines and our\\nflag floats above the islands.\\nThrough Dewey, through Funston if ever a man was in the swim\\nit is Funston and MacArthur, and Lawton and many another hero of\\nrenown, we are there in the providence of God, and we are going to\\nstay there until something better turns up\\nIf it shall be proved to our satisfaction that the Filipinos are capa-\\nble of establishing a republican government, there is nobody that will\\nhail it with greater satisfaction than America. All hail, we will\\nsay to the young republic of the East, to the first born child of the\\ngreat republic of the West.\\nAnd when that day comes, if it ever should, we will sail out of\\nManila, not as they want us to. We went in by the orders of Almighty\\nGod and we won t go out until we get orders from headquarters and\\nnot from Central Music Hall.\\nAnd when we go out it will be with Old Gloi-y flying at the masthead.\\nWe will go out as we went in, in a blaze of glory. While all the\\nnations of the earth and all heavens shall say to Uncle Sam, his benefi-\\ncent task accomplished: Well done, good and faithful servant.\\nREV. EDWARD EVERETT HALE, D. D.\\nOn the Sunday after the war with Spain was announces! I said to\\nmy congregation that whenever I knew more about the existing trouble\\nthan the government at Washington I should offer advice to the gov-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 375\\nernment and my own congregation. Until I was in possession of\\nsuch superior knowledge, I said then, I would not propose measures\\nor policies for the guidance of the administration. I advised the mem-\\nbers of my congregation to adopt a similar policy.\\nI am of the opinion that such a policy would be a good thing for\\nmost citizens to follow at this time. Conditions are not so different\\nbut that the principle obtains now as then.\\nI hold it to be the duty of the citizens of any nation to support the\\ngovernment as against other nations and to trust in the authorities\\nof the country in whom are intrusted the administration of the nation s\\naffairs.\\nI am a firm believer in a permanent peace between all civilized\\nnations. It is practical, and I believe it is obtainable. As I have\\nrepeatedly urged in my public utterances, I think the peace congress\\nproposed and called by the Czar of Russia, the head of the greatest\\nmilitary power on the globe, to be a significant and timely move toward\\nthe solution of international difficulties. We preachers like to look\\nforward to a better future rather than cling to the mistakes of the past.\\nTHE REV. FATHER T. P. HODNETT.\\n(Pastor of St. Malachy s Roman Catholic Church.)\\nI believe that the government should not be hampered in its action;\\nthat no obstacle should be flung in its path that would impede the\\nexecution of its plans at this juncture. Our flag has been fired on,\\nour troops slain before we had a chance of explaining to the natives\\nthe nature of our mission. The insurgents miist lay down their arms\\nunconditionally surrender ere any steps can be taken to definitely\\nsettle our relation to the Philippine archipelago.\\nIt is my humble opinion that the Filipinos are unfit for self-gov-\\nernment as we understand it. The rule, the dominion, the civilization\\nthat exists among them is Spanish. The United States by treaty has\\nassumed all the rights and claims of Spain.\\nIf our troops are withdrawn anarchy will ensue, turmoil, rapine,\\nconfusion, murder and all the evils that follow in the wake of tribal\\nstrife and factious revolution, and our government will be justly held\\nup to the scorn and contempt of European nations. The terrible scenes\\nthat occurred in Hayti and San Domingo will be repeated, and we can-\\nnot escape the responsibility thereof.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "316 EXP.-lXSIOy SENTIMENTS.\\nHence, we must upliold the soveroigntj- of Uncle Sam, support the\\nPresident in his vigorous measures to put down the insurrection, if we\\nwould maintain our respect as a people and preserve stainless, unsul-\\nlied, the honor of Old Glory.\\nCOL. J. H. DAVIDSON.\\nFIGHTING MUST BE FORCED TO A FINAL OUTCOME.\\nAs to the present war, what is there and what has there been to\\ndo but to force the fighting to a final outcome? I for my part would\\nnot give up one island eVen if that island was no larger than a dinner\\nplatter in the big sea, for in the course of a thousand years it might\\ngrow and therefore I say keep it.\\nThirty-seven years ago the shackles were struck off four million\\nslaves, and the name of the emancipator, Abraham Lincoln, was there\\nand then made immortal.\\nThat was an emancipation proclamation to the Filipinos as well,\\nnotwithstanding what the philosophers of Boston do or say, or what\\nthe malcontents who stood on this platform last Sunday saw fit to\\ndeclare. We depend on the loyalty and intelligence of the American\\npeople in this crisis as we have done on other occasions.\\nWe can rest assured that our people and their President will give\\nthe Filipinos the largest liberty and the freest government that is\\ncompatible with their intelligence.\\nBISHOP CHARLES H. FOWLEE, D. D., LL. D.\\nWE NEED THE PHILIPPINES.\\nWe need the Philippines; they ll come in handy some time, when\\nwe need coal. The situation in the east demands that the United States\\nhave an oriental rendezvous. China offers a market we can t afford to\\noverlook a market for the overproduction of this nation and that\\nmarket can be gauged and protected from such a point as the Philip-\\npines offer. Uncle Sam wants a finger in the Chinese pie and he s\\nbound to get it. The welfare of the nation in part hinges on this, and\\nthat s why I am so heartily in favor of expansion.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 377\\nREV. E. A. DUNNING, D. D., EDITOR OF THE CONGREGATION-\\nALIST, BOSTON.\\n(Address before the Chicaf^o Conjiregational Club, December IS, 1899,\\non The Greater Nation.)\\nWhat have we to hope or to fear from the Latin races? We have\\nnothing to hope or fear from France ^nd nothing from debt-burdened\\nItalv or decadent Spain, or the ficlcle republics of South America.\\nBut the contest will be with the Slav, with the Greek church. It may\\nbe a contest of brains or it may be of bayonets. In the far East the Puri-\\ntan of America is facing the Slav in Asia, and in the West and South\\nthe Anglo-Saxon is facing the Slav in the Persian Gulf.\\nWhat have we to do with Russia? The question might have been\\nasked five years ago, but not now, when the most vital topic concerning\\nour Congress is that of providing government for 10,000,000 of Asiatics\\nand when our government has sent a diplomatic command to Russia\\nthat American interests shall not be disturbed in China.\\nWe know little of Russia. We know something of Germany and\\nFrance and Italy, but we know little of the Slav. We have read the\\nbooks of Tolstoi and Ave know that there are queer ideas of democracy\\nexpressed in them.\\nWe know also that the Russian stands for centralization of power,\\nbut we cannot tell the result when his ideas of centralized power come\\ninto conflict with the Anglo-Saxon idea of individualism. (Great ap-\\nplause.)\\nAs to the Puritan s right to be in the East, no student of history\\ndoubted it. Few students of history are anti-expansionists, and the\\ntrouble with the anti-expansionist is that he is not a student of history.\\n(Applause and cheers.)\\nThe greatest risk to the nation would be if America should do as\\nthe man with the one talent, dig a hole in which to bury its talent.\\nThe exacting master would demand the interest which his money\\nshould have made, and to the nation which had made the greatest use\\nof its opportunities would the most be given. (Renewed applause.)\\nREV. J. II. O. SMITH, D. D., OF CHICAGO.\\nTHE MISSION OP AMERICA.\\nThe sentiment America for Americans is being changed to Amer-\\nica for the world. It is our mission as a station to translate into history", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "378 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nthe Lord s ideal of greatness. He that would be chief among you let\\nhim be servant of all, until the wild spirit of freedom shall rule like an\\nangel of mercy in the islands of the sea.\\nFor a centui7 America has been in training under God for the place\\nshe is to fill in the future or forfeit the right to survive. We will hold\\nour new possessions in trust for their inhabitants.\\nOur republic could never inaugurate a colonial policy which would\\nrepeat the follies and crimes of Sixain, or harness Liberty t i the tread-\\nmill of American syndicates or translate the Declaration of Independ-\\nence into the language of George the Third, but we must contribute\\nlargely to the solution of the world s problems, and use our exhaustless\\nresources in the sacred interests of humanity.\\nOur gates are swinging outward and we must go to teach the difiQcult\\nart of self-government; the meaning of equality, loyalty, liberty and\\nlove to half barbarous peoples, and lead the forces contending for the\\nreign of the people.\\nAMYAS NORTHCOTE.\\n(A son of Sir Stafford Northcote of England, and member of the Chicago\\nfirm of Aldis, Aldis Northcote.)\\nSHOULD KEEP THE ISL.ANDS.\\nI make the positive statement that England stood out against a\\nEuropean plan to intervene in behalf of Spain, and that but for Eng-\\nland s decided as.sertion that it would neither interfere nor consider\\ninterference by others a friendly act the United States would have found\\nitself opposed by the concert of Europe.\\nI believe that the United States should keep the islands. I believe,\\ntoo, that they will open a mission for this country.\\nThe Anglo-Saxon is a bom colonizer, and he owes colonization as a\\nduty to civilization. The United States ha.s proved its capabilities by\\ncolonizing a continent.\\nLet it keep on to the westward. Hawaii is a step, the Philippines\\nanother.\\nThe islands can go only to Great Britain or to Japan if the United\\nStates gives them up.\\nIf the United States gives them up the Eastern question will be ten-\\nfold more entangled, but if they are retained England will feel that they\\nare in the hands of a friend.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 379\\nThe English people do not want an alliance any more than do Amer-\\nicans, but they do want to feel that if every other country joins to fight\\nGreat Britain then the United States will step up alongside.\\nUNITED STATES SENATOR CARTER OF MONTANA.\\n(September 4, 1899.)\\nTHE PRESIDENT HAS STRUCK A RESPONSIVE CHORD.\\nThe public utterances of the President have struck a responsive\\nchord among the people t)f the West. The Republican policy should be\\nto meet the expansion question squarely on its merits by declaring at\\nonce in favor of the permanent retention of the Philippines by the\\nUnited States. The Republicans will have the support of the people if\\nthey continue to maintain the supremacy of the flag.\\nI can pledge to the President the support of the whole West on a\\nplatform defending the flag and promising to open the Philippines to the\\nproducts of the farm and the factory.\\nGOVERNOR THEODORE ROOSEVELT.\\nWE CANNOT AVOID FACING DANGEROUS QUESTIONS.\\nAs a nation we cannot avoid having responsibilities thrust upon us.\\nWe cannot avoid facing dangerous questions of foreign policy any more\\nthan we can avoid facing dangerous questions of internal policy.\\nAll that we can do in one case, as in the other, is to try to solve these\\nquestions with honor, courage and intelligence.\\nUnless we are false to every tradition of the American foreign policy\\nwe must continue to uphold the Monroe doctrine; but it would be better\\nto surrender the Monroe doctrine outright than to discredit ourselves\\nand make ourselves the laughing stock of the world by loud lip-loyalty\\nto it, while we nevertheless decline to take any step which would make\\ngood our pretensions.\\nWe have asserted this doctrine in the past against England and\\nFrance, Spain and Russia, and it will be a deep discredit to us in the\\nfuture if we fail to assert it against any power in the world should it\\nseek to gain a foot of new territory on the soil, whether of the American\\ncontinents or of the islands that fringe those continents.\\nYet, as I said, it would be better to surrender the doctrine entirely\\nthan to bluster about it and then fail to live up to it.\\n25", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "380 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nThe bully who does not fight is one degree meaner than the coward\\nwho makes no pretensions of fighting; and the worst offenders against\\nthe honor and dignity of America in foreign affairs are those who loudly\\nproclaim a desire to entangle us in foreign difficulties, but who refuse\\nto help make ready the forces by which alone our pretensions would be\\nmade good.\\nHON. BINGER HERMANN, COMMISSIONER OF THE GENERAL\\nLAND OFFICE.\\nWEST WANTS EXPANSION.\\nEverybody on the Pacific slope wants expansion. I assisted the\\nGovernor in welcoming home the Oregon volunteers, and I never saw\\ngreater enthusiasm. The boys who served in the Philippines looked\\nvery different from those who served in Cuba. They looked better when\\nthey came back than when they went away. They spoke as though\\nthey were well pleased with their experience, and that their enthusiasm\\nwas not affected is proved by the fact that many of them have re-enlisted\\nin the new regiment now being formed.\\nWe have a few Aguinaldos out our way, but the anti-expansion sen-\\ntiment is so small that it will be difficult for the opposition to make an\\nissue out of the question. If they do they will certainly lose the Pacific\\ncoast by it. The West has never known greater prosperity than it is\\nnow enjoying, and all signs are propitious for the Republicans.\\nHON. A. G. FOSTER, UNITED STATES SENATOR FOR WASH-\\nINGTON.\\nFAR WEST IN PERFECT ACCORD WITH THE PRESIDENT.\\nWe are all in perfect accord with the President s Philippine policy.\\nIt satisfies Democrats as well as Republicans.\\nIt is a great thing for the coast people. They are enjoying a boom\\nin business. We are proud of our soldiers and the record they made as\\nfighters.\\nThere is no doubt that China would have been parceled out to the\\nEuropean powers had Dewey not taken the Philippines.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 381\\nREV. THOS. B. GREEN, D. D.\\n(Address at Denver, Colo., September 17, 1899.)\\nTHE HAND OF DESTINY SWEPT THIS NATION ONWARD.\\nCan any man make himself believe that the past two years of our\\nnational history could have been dreamed out in wildest imagining by\\nany man? Step by step, so fast that one crisis did tread upon another s\\nheels, the hand of destiny swept this nation onward.\\nNo man marked the lines or created a policy. We were not even\\nready; we had few ships few men untried commanders.\\nBut God called and Dewey sailed into Manila Bay and Schley\\nbottled up Santiago harbor and Shafter and Roosevelt and Lawton\\nand Funston and Hale stood forth, and at the head of all a man brave\\nenough to face the duty as it came and do it as he saw it best, the Pres-\\nident of the United States.\\nStanding here to-day, under the tossing folds of the flag we love, I\\ngive 3 ou the prayer that should rise from every true American heart:\\nGod bless the nation; God guard the army and navy; God save the\\nPresident.\\nEX-GOVERNOR HOGG OF TEXAS (Democrat).\\nWe have expanded in defiance of the Texas Democratic platform.\\nWe must prosecute a vigorous war policy in the Philii)pines. They must\\nbe held, subject to the authority of the United States.\\nCOLONEL CHARLES DENBY.\\nCLEAR TITLE TO THE ISLANDS.\\nWe conquered and bought the Philippines. They belong to us as\\nAlaska does, and as Porto Rico does, and Florida and other States and\\nTerritories. We will do with them what justice and humanity and our\\nown and their mutual advantage may dictate. It has cost us a bloody\\nwar to hold them. They are the dearer for that. We did not inaug-\\nurate this war. We did all that men could do to avoid it, except that\\nour brave troops did not run when they were fired on.\\nIt would seem that the war had to come; that the Filipinos would\\nnot have respected us unless they had trie l our mettle. They believed\\nthat we wei e cowards, because they had so often insulted us without", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "382 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nresistance. We had turned one cheek; possibly they thought we would\\nturn the other.\\nBefore the senate had ratified the treaty, before Spain had ratified\\nit, before ratifications were exchanged, a general, deadly, vigorous\\nassault was made on our lines.\\nOur sentinel fired first. That was no excuse for a general attack\\non our lines. He obeyed his ordinary ordei*s to allow no man to cross\\nhis post. It was mere routine. Ue might have been shot himself by\\nhis own commander if he had not obeyed orders.\\nThe simultaneous attack along many miles of front showed that\\nAguinaldo courted the opportunity for war. He has been gratified. He\\nhas had more than he bargained for. He made the fatal error of believ-\\ning that he could strengthen his cause by killing our soldiers. He has\\nconsolidated our people.\\nIn private life, in public life, at home and abroad, the main thing\\nis to be in the right. The private man leads a felon s life when he has\\nsoiled his honor.\\nThe nation that at this day forfeits the respect of other nations on\\naccount of wrong doing will find no compensation in the gains that may\\naccrue from its treachery. In the history of our dealing with the Philip-\\npines there is not one act that we should wish to blot out.\\nThe preceding short account fairly tells the story as to what we\\nactually did, and leaves the escutcheon untarnished.\\nLet us discuss as we may choose, the propriety of making the Paris\\ntreaty, and what now should be done with the Philippines, but let no\\nman smirch his country s honor.\\nMURAT HALSTEAD.\\nTHE FUTURE OP THE UNITED STATES.\\nWhat an advertisement has been made of the future of the United\\nStates in Asia! We have a greater interest there than any other nation,\\nnot excepting Russia and England. Wo possess the great archipelagoes\\nof the Pacific, the future States. Tliey are nearer now than were the\\npresent States to civilization when their development began.\\nAmerican tools and machinery are going to Europe, American grain\\nis going to Asia. The road to India and Asia has become the road of\\nAmerican growth and development. This country is coming into a\\ngreatness and splendor that will give every American reason to be\\nprouder of his country than ever before.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 383\\nWe are at the turning of the century. It was one hundred years\\nago that George AVashingtou died. The one hundredth anniversary of\\nhis death sees the country serene and peaceful. The twentieth century\\nis about to open propitiously.\\nOPINIONS OF PROFESSORS IN SEVENTEEN WESTERN COL-\\nLEGES REGARDING PRESIDENT McKINLEY S POLICY.\\nOn the first of May, 1899, an anti-expansion meeting was held in\\nCentral Music Hall, Chicago. It was presided over by President Ilenry.\\nWade Rogers, LL. D., of the Northwestern University, a moderate\\nanti-expansionist. Professor Lawrence Laughlin of the University of\\nChicago, made an address on the occasion.\\nIn order to ascertain the opinions of a large number of professors\\nin the Western colleges, the Chicago Tribune sent its correspondent at\\nthe seats of learning of seventeen of these institutions to interview them\\nupon the question at issue.\\nOne hundred and sixty-two professors were seen. Of that number,\\none hundred and twenty-seven emphatically approved the President s\\ncourse. The Tribune printed the replies given in its issue of May 3, 1899.\\nUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.\\nFourteen members of the faculty indorse the President s course, five\\noppose it, and one is non-committal.\\nEri B. nulbert, Dean of Divinity School. I take an unqualified\\nstand in favor of supporting President McKinley and the Government.\\nThe country was full of copperheads in 1861 and 1862. I knew them\\nthen and I know them now. I have no use for them.\\nMajor Henry A. Rust, Controller. Until something is proposed that\\nwill solve the question I am opposed to criticising the Government in its\\nhonest endeavors.\\nPresident W. R. Harper. I have nothing to say on the present occa-\\nsion. I have been quoted before and my position on the general subject\\nis known.\\nThomas W. Goodspeed, Secretary. As long as an enemy stands\\nbefore our army threatening our soldiers with disaster and death there\\nis but one course open to patriotic men. Assailing the Government\\nand the policy of the country at such a time is giving aid and comfort\\nto the enemy.\\nG. S. Goodspeed. I am not an imperialist, but stand rather Avith the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "38-1 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nlarrje majority of people here in the university, who would rather be\\ncalled with the expansionists than with those who are criticising the\\npolicy of the Government.\\nf Galusha Anderson. I think it is a time when all good American\\ncitizens should support the Government. The people classed as anti-\\nimperialists ought to be ashamed of themselves, and I believe they will\\nbe some day.\\nErnst Freund. I signed the call for the meeting at Central Music\\nHall. Criticism of the Government means merely we do not approve\\nof what is going on. Disloyalty is a thing we should not expect to have\\napplied to us.\\nProfessor Frederick Starr. I was one of the vice-presidents of the\\nCentral Music Hall meeting. That is enough to explain my position.\\nP. W. Shepardson, President Hai-per s Secretary. The Government\\nmust establish conditions under which it can act finally and its efforts\\nto secure peace in the Philippines should be credited with honesty of\\npurpose.\\nF. J. Gurney, Examiner s Department. I believe in the present\\npolicy of the Government and I should trust American citizens to\\nsupport, it.\\nWilliam Hill. The question at present is which will be the better\\nthe rule of the United States in the Philippines or the rule of Aguinaldo\\nand a few of his favorites? On that basis I should think perhaps United\\nStates government might be preferred.\\nJacques Loeb. I am not only a loyalist but an expansionist. I\\nbelieve the Philippines ought to become a part of United States\\nterritory.\\nW. G. Hale. I do not indorse the administration s attitude. As\\nfor the term traitor, which has been apjdied so freely to those who differ\\nfrom our chief public servant, I am entirely ready to bear the title along\\nwith such men as Senator Hoar, ex-Senator Edmunds, Bishop Potter,\\nGeneral Alexander McClurg, and others.\\nH. R. Hatfield. It is our duty, until some definite plan is formed, to\\nstand by the Government in its efforts to discharge the responsibilities\\nft rced upon it.\\nAlbion W. Small. I think the Administration s policy with refer-\\nence to thf Philippine matter has been cautious and wise.\\nH. Hancock. I think the policy of the Administration in dealing\\nwith the Philippine (juestion is wise. I cannot see any imperialism.\\nCharles H. Thurber. The policy of the Administration in handling", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "EXPAXSION SENTIMENTS. 385\\nthe matter has been legitimate, I believe. The semling of literature to\\nthe Philippines makes the senders disloyal, and they are doing what\\nsome nations would hold as traitorous.\\nJ. Laurence Laughlin. I do not think the Administration is pur-\\nsuing a good policy with reference to the Philippines, in accepting a\\nscheme of subduing colonies of different races and habits. It is really\\nputting itself against the trend of our institutions and as soon as the\\npeople have time to think sentiment will react.\\nGeorge E. Vincent. In the present state of affairs we are bound to\\nput our confidence in the wisdom and good intentions of the Adminis-\\ntration.\\nT. L. Neft The present policy of the government is contrary to all\\nthe best traditions of this country.\\nATTITUDE AT NORTHW^ESTERN.\\nIn the Northwestern University, Evauston, members of the faculty\\ntalked as follows regarding the President s policy:\\nDr. Robert D. Sheppard, Treasurer. The feeling in our university\\nis strong. My personal opinion is that the Philippines ought to be sub-\\ndued and a white man s government organized there. It would be an\\nerror to suppose the university is not in line with the policy of the\\nPresident.\\nGeorge Coe, Psychology. I do not think we could have withdrawn\\nfrom the islands after the battle of Manila without shirking our duty,\\nbut mistakes have been made since then and I am disappointed in the\\nwork of the Philippine commission.\\nCharles Pearson. It seems to me of paramount importance that the\\nright of free speech and temperate discussion be maintained.\\nThomas F. Holgate. We must support the President and carry\\nthe thing through. We cannot withdraw with justice to that nation or\\nto ourselves.\\nJohn H. Gray. I do not indorse President McKinley s policy, nor do\\n1 consider it treason to express my opinion to that effect when the\\ncountry is not in peril.\\nW. Crook, Science. I see no way but to follow the policy of the\\nPresident. The obligations he is carrying out were forced upon us and\\nhe should be sustained.\\nD. D. Bonbright, Latin. Irrespective of the right or wrong of the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "386 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nPresident s policy, I do not think it patriotic at this time to put obstruc-\\ntions in his wa}\\nJohn Scott Clark, English Language. I have nothing but praise for\\nthe President s action up to the close of the Cuban war, except for his\\nappointment of Alger. I am willing to believe he is still sincere, but I\\nbelieve he has been misled by unwise advisers into making war without\\nwarrant on a liberty-loving people.\\nJames A. James, History. I think it wrong at this time to do\\nanything that would tend to embarrass the President.\\nDIVIDED AT MICHIGAN.\\nThere is a sharp difference of opinion among the members of Michi-\\ngan University s faculty in regard to the expansion question. In reply\\nto the query, Are you in favor of sustaining the President s policy in\\nthe Philippines? interviews were secured as follows:\\nPresident Angell. We are at peace here, and I do not care to ex-\\npress myself on the matter at all.\\nH. B. Hutchins, Dean of Law. I am in favor of sustaining the Presi-\\ndent in his policy.\\nA. C. McLaughlin. I have not been in sympathy with the annexa-\\ntion of the Philippines nor with the methods pursued by the Adminis-\\ntration, but I am not so strong in my position as not to sustain the\\nPresident in his policy.\\nFred Taylor. I am with McKinley. I am opposed to an imperial\\npolicy in the sense of a desire to aggrandize the American nation at the\\nexpense of any people.\\nProfessor Johnson. I believe the President is doing all that can be\\ndone at present, and am willing to trust future action to his judgment.\\nProfessor Hinsdale. I am in favor of getting out of a bad business\\nas best we can, taking everything into account.\\nF. N. Scott. I am much opposed to any violent condemnation of the\\nPresident s policy or any attempt to interfere with his plans.\\nA. H. Pettingill. I am not in favor of President McKinley s policy.\\nBradley M. Thompson. I am in favor of the policy. I am not in\\ntouch at any point with the gingerbread and lollypop policy of the\\nChicago Music Hall Fellows.\\nDr. B. P. Bourland. I am not in favor of expansion.\\nR. T. Ely. I don t care to say anything about the matter.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 387\\nOPINIONS AT MINNESOTA UNIVERSITY.\\nThe question Are jou in favor of the President s policy in the\\nPhilippines? was put to ten leading professors in the University of\\nMinnesota with the following results:\\nDean W. S. Pattee. I am with the President. The Philippines came\\ninto our possession as an incident of war. We must maintain order\\nthere because we have removed all other lawful authority.\\nC. F. McClumpha. I am in favor of it. I believe in expansion\\ncommercially.\\nF. J. E. Woodbridge. I was not in favor of the Philippine war. It\\nis now complicated, and we must protect American interests.\\nJ. S. Clarke. On the whole, yes. I hope the superior civilization of\\nAmerica will develop them into a better people.\\nF. S. Jones. I see no other policy to maintain. I do not think we\\ncan withdraw.\\nW. M. West. Yes. There is no other way now. We are bound to\\nmaintain a stable government.\\nH. T. Eddy. I think the President has done right. It was inevitable.\\nWe cannot let go now.\\nG. D. Shepardson. I think the President has acted for the best. It\\ncame as a development. There was no other course.\\nMaria Sanford. Yes. Our commercial interests demand it. I be-\\nlieve it will have a good influence on our people as a whole.\\nDr. W. W. Folwell. Up to date, so far as it has developed, yes. We\\nare engaged in war and must fight it out.\\nSENTIMENT AT DE PAUW UNIVERSITY.\\nGreencastle, Indiana. On the question, Are you in favor of sus-\\ntaining the President s policy in the Philippines? professors of De\\nPauw University answered as follows:\\nDr. H. A. Gobin, President. I approve of the President s policy,\\nbecause I understand that it is a prominent feature of the policy that\\nthe Philippines will be allowed to develop a self-supporting govern-\\nment if they are competent to do so.\\nW. E. Smyster, English Literature. In my opinion, our country is\\nunder moral obligations to establish a stable government in the Philip-\\npines. I am willing to leave it to Dewey, Otis and Shurmann.\\nJames Riley Weaver, Political Science. Most certainly, as far as", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "388 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\ndeveloped. No other possible under political and humanitarian rea-\\nsons.\\nDr. Hickman, Vice Chancellor. Yes, it s the Lord s policy. I have\\nno sympathy with the movement of Dr. Rogers.\\nM. T. Cook, Biology. I am an expansionist all the way through, and\\nthe President s policy has my hearty approval.\\nDr. Philip S. Baker, Chemistry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Yes, we re there; there s but one\\ncourse to pursue under the circumstances, and the administration is\\nfollowing that.\\nHenry B. Longden, German. McKinley has not any policy in the\\nfirst place, and I believe our actions in the Philippines to be an outrage\\nof all humanitarian and just principles.\\nJohn W. Walker, Oratory. I most heartily indorse the policy pur-\\nsued by the administration. I am an expansionist.\\nDr. Edwin Post, Latin. I am doubtful if the course we are pursuing\\nis the wLsest one under the circumstances.\\nSENTIMENT AT KANSAS UNIVERSITY.\\nLawrence, Kansas. Members of the faculty of Kansas University\\nexpressed their views of the President s policy in regard to the Philip-\\npines as follows:\\nChancellor F. H. Snow. The policy is highly commendable.\\nE. D. Adams, European and English History. Now that we have\\nthe Philippines, I am in favor of getting all that we can there and hold-\\ning it.\\nE. M. Hopkins, French. I have not seen the need of the aggressive\\naction.\\nL. E. Sayre, Dean of Pharmacy. Now that we are in possession of\\nthe Philippines, I can hardly see what other policy than that which\\nthe President seems to have outlined could be adopted.\\nW. C. Stevens, Entomology. The policy of the President, as far as I\\ncan interpret it, seems to me to be about the only one that could be\\nsuccessfully used in the matter.\\nW. H. Carruth, German. I agree with the President in deploring\\nthe war. At present I think no formalities should be allowed to pre-\\nvent a cessation of hostilities.\\nOPINIONS AT KNOX COLLEGE.\\nGalesburg, Illinois. The professors of Knox College to-day had the\\nfollowing to say in favor of sustaining President McKinley s policy in\\nthe Philippines:", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 389\\nPresident John H. Finley. I think the President is doing the best\\npossible under the circumstances.\\nJohn P. Gushing. I have confidence enough in the administration to\\nlet it handle this question as seems best to it.\\nW. E. Simonds. Yes, so far as present conditions hold.\\nT. R. Willard. The President s policy, as far as I understand it from\\nhis speech in Boston, I certainly sustain.\\nH. V. Neal. The President s policy has drifted into butchery.\\nAlbert Hurd. Yes. The President s policy is necessary and will\\nbe beneficial both to this country and to the Philippines.\\nH. W. Read. Yes. The Filipinos are unfit for self-government.\\nH. S. Latham. I am not in favor of his policy or of holding the\\nPhilipi)iues.\\nProfessor Thwing. Yes. It seems to me the President has done the\\nonly thing possible under the circumstances.\\nGeorge Churchill. Yes. I do not see what else could be done under\\nexisting circumstances.\\nProfessor Griflith. I am not sufficiently informed to express an\\nopinion.\\nAT ILLINOIS WESLEYAN.\\nBloomington, Illinois. Opinions of members of the faculty of Illi-\\nnois Wesleyan University on the President s Philippine policy were as\\nfollows:\\nPresident E. M. Smith. I am in favor of McKinley s policy as far\\nas developed. I believe in obtaining unqualified and undisputed con-\\ntrol, and, this obtained, developing self-government.\\nDean R. O. Graham. The present course is certain to result dis-\\nadvautageously to the United States by forcing her to maintain a large\\nstanding army; also through loss of moral influence among nations.\\nNor can it benefit the Filipinos.\\nWilbert Ferguson. I favor McKinley s course until I clearly see a\\nbetter. Am not in favor of permanent occupation of the Philippines.\\nA. F. Caldwell. The carrying out of the present policy is a duty the\\nUnited States Government cannot shirk.\\nR. B. Steel.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Emphatically, no.\\nA. A. Walters. Y es. Any other course would be weak and cow-\\nardly.\\n]\\\\r. P. Lackland. The Filipinos should have been told plainly that\\nour authority there would be only temporary.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "390 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nAT OTHER COLLEGES.\\nAt Iowa College, Grinnell, Iowa, Professors Macy, Wyckoff, Hend-\\nrixson, Simmons, Wbitcomb, Smith, Buck, Emory and Nolan indorsed\\nthe President s policy, and Professor Heidel was non-com-mittal.\\nAt Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana, ex-President Tuttle\\nand Professors McLain, Kingery, Campbell, Studley, King, Thomas,\\nBodine, Milford and Osborne were unanimous in upholding the Presi-\\ndent.\\nAt Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, President King and Pro-\\nfessors Boyd, Norton, Williams, Collin, Nicholson, Harris, Freehof and\\nBurnett agreed the President must be upheld.\\nAt Monmouth College, Monmouth, Illinois, President Lyons, Vice-\\nPresident McMillan, and Professors Graham, Swan, Brosius and Wilson\\nwere strong to sustain the President. Professor Maxwell said he was\\nagainst imperialism.\\nAt the State University of Iowa, Iowa City, loAva, Professors\\nMcClain, Weld, Calvin, MacBride, Rohback, McConnell, Nutting,\\nShimek and Shambaugh were with the President, and Professor Hayes\\nwas non-committal.\\nAt Albion College, Albion, Michigan, the President s policy was\\nindorsed by President Ashley and Professors Fall, Waldo, Barr, Ford,\\nGoodrich, Kimball and Lyon. Professors Lutz and Benner were non-\\ncommittal.\\nAt the Fniversity of Lincoln, Nebraska, Chancellor MacLean and\\nProfessors Bessey, Shennan, Caldwell, Nicholson, Barbour and Ward\\nwere a unit for supporting the President.\\nREV. ROBERT STUART McARTHUR, D. D.\\n(Calvary Baptist Church, New York.)\\nON NATIONAL EXPANSION.\\n(Address before the Chicago Baptist Social Union, December 12, 1890.)\\nTwo years ago, in the international meaning of the word great,\\nthere were only four great nations in the world France, Germany,\\nRussia and Great Britain. Now there are five great nations France,\\nGermany, Russia, Great Britain and the United States of Araeriea.\\nWe have lived more during the last two years than ordinarily we\\nwould live in 100 years.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 391\\nWhile anti-expansionists have been discussing expansion as an\\nacademic question, the country has gone on expanding with marvelous\\nrapidity.\\nWe have passed in one year from isolation to universality, from\\nprovincialism to cosmopolitanism; from a vigorous but somewhat selfish\\nchildhood to a robust and generous manhood.\\nTo-day America sits crowned as queen in the congress of nations;\\nto-day the foremost man in all the world is the President of the United\\nStates.\\nRussia is struggling for the mastership of the world. She now\\nowns teiTitory equal to one-sixth of all the land on the globe. Russia s\\nCzar soon can ride from St. Petersburg to Vladivostock, a distance of\\n6,666 miles, without leaving his palace car and without leaving Russian\\nsoil. He can hasten forward about 2,000 miles more to Port Arthur.\\nThe Queen s diamond jubilee was a remarkable testimony to Brit-\\nain s greatness. In the triumphal procession rode eleven Premiers of\\neleven self-governing colonies.\\nThis noble Queen rules over a territorial area of 11,500,000 square\\nmiles more than three times the size of the United States. She rules\\nover more Mohammedans than does the Sultan of Turkey. She sways\\na scepter over more than 400,000,000 of subjects.\\nSixty-one per cent of all the shipping in the world is carried under\\nthe British flag. This is vastly the mightiest empire the world has ever\\nknown; perhaps it is the greatest the world shall ever know.\\nContrary to the strangely unhistorical statements of some Ameri-\\ncans, expansion has been our traditional policy from the early days of\\nthe republic.\\nThe purchase of Louisiana made us a great steamboat people. The\\nacquisition of California made us a railway and telegraph nation,\\nand the acquisition of Hawaii, Porto Rico, and especially the Philip-\\npines, will make us one of the greatest naval peoples on the face of the\\nglobe.\\nWhat American to-day would give up one foot of all this territory?\\nhe continued.\\nWe soon shall have a great merchant marine in every port and we\\nshall have a navy sufficient to defend this marine in every port and on\\neveiy sea.\\nWe shall not shrink from the new and enlarged mission which the\\nlirovidence of God is opening to the thought and duty of the American", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "392 EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\npeople. We have a message to all nations of the earth. We must push\\nout into the Pacific Ocean.\\nThese new problems will develop new resources on the part of our\\npeople. They will lead us away from the schemes of petty politicians\\nwho are seeking simply place and power. They will tend to the develop-\\nment of a true civil service reform, of a virile statesmanship, and of a\\nworld-wide Americanism. The golden age of our politics is thus in the\\nfuture.\\nAnother result of the war is a virtual, if not a formal, Anglo-Saxon\\nalliance. A few pulmonary patriots will oppose this union, but all true\\nBritons and Americans will welcome it with patriotic enthusiasm.\\nA new day is dawning for the great Anglo-Saxon race.\\nThe Queen s birthday awakens an enthusiasm in the United States\\nsecond only to that evoked in Great Britain and her colonies.\\nAnother result of the war will be that the American republic will\\ncome up to its great place in the congress of nations. This nation has\\nnow reached its majority; it will never again go back to childhood.\\nIt must take its place in bearing the responsibilities and discharg-\\ning the obligations of the leading nations of the world. We have\\nstriven too long to be an isolated people.\\nGeorge Washington was one of the greatest men of the human race,\\nbut he was not omniscient. We have often made his farewell address\\na sort of fetich, chiefly because we have misunderstood his true mean-\\ning.\\nHe spoke according to his light, as all men must speak. But he\\ncould not conceive of the greatness of the republic whose foundations\\nhe so nobly laid.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXVII.\\nANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nFROM WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN.\\n(Interview at Savannah, Ga., Dec. 13, 1S98.)\\nDEFENSE OF THE COUNTRY.\\nOur people defended Cuba against a foreign army, now they must\\ndefend themselves and their country against a foreign idea the colonial\\nidea of European nations.\\nHeretofore greed has perverted the government and used its in-\\nstrumentalities for private gains, but now the very foundation prin-\\nciples of our government are assaulted.\\nOur nation must give up any intention of entering upon a colonial\\npolicy, such as is now jjursued by European countries, or it must\\nabandon the doctrine that governments derive their just powers from\\nthe consent of the governed.\\nTo borrow a Bible quotation: A house divided against itself can-\\nnot stand. Pharaphrasing Lincoln s declai ation, I may add that this\\nnation cannot endure half republic and half colony half free and half\\nvassal. Our form of government, our traditions, our present interests\\nand our future welfare all forbid our entering upon a career of conquest.\\nTHE FLAG OF THE FREE.\\n(Bryan s speech at Lincoln, Nebraska, Dec. 23, 1898.)\\nOur flag stands for an indissoluble union of indestructible states.\\nEvery state is represented by a star, and every territory sees in the\\nconstitution a star of hope that it will some day take its place in the\\nconstellation. What is there in the flag to awaken the zeal or reflect\\nthe aspirations of vassal colonies which are too good to be cast away,\\nbut not good enough to admit to the sisterhood of states?\\nShall we keep the Philippines and amend our flag? Shall we add\\n393", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "394 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\na new star the blood-star, Mars to indicate tliat we have entered\\nupon a career of conquest? No, a thousand times better\\nthat we haul down the Stars and Stripes and substitute the flag of an\\nindependent repuMic than surrender the doctrines that give glory to\\nOld Glory. The mission of that flag is to float not over a conglom-\\neration of commonwealths and colonies but over the land of the\\nfree and the home of the brave, and to that mission it must remain for-\\never true forever true.\\nANNEXATION AND FINANCE.\\n(Bryan s speech delivered in Chicago, Jan. 7, 1899.)\\nThe forcible annexation of the Philippine Islands would violate a\\nprinciple of American public law deeply imbedded in the American\\nmind.\\nWhether we can govern colonies as well as other countries can is not\\nmaterial; the real question is whether we can, in one hemisphere,\\ndevelop tJie theory that governments derive their just power from the\\nconsent of the governed, and at the same time inaugurate, support and\\ndefend in the other hemisphere a government which derives its author-\\nity entirely from superior force.\\nAnd if these two ideas of government cannot live together which\\none shall we choose? To defend forcible annexation on the ground that\\nwe are carrying out a religious duty is worse than absurd.\\nThe Bible teaches us that it is more blessed to give than receive,\\nwhile the colonial policy is based upon the doctrine that it is more\\nblessed to take than to leave. I am afraid that the imperialists have\\nconfused the beatitudes. Annexation cannot be defended\\nupon the ground that we shall find a pecuniary profit in the policy.\\nThe advantage which may come to a few individuals who hold the\\noffices, or who secure valuable franchises, cannot be properly weighed\\nagainst the money expended in governing the Philippines, because the\\nmoney expended will be paid by those who pay the taxes.\\nSpain under compulsion gives us a quit-claim to the Philippines in\\nreturn for .$20,000,000, but she does not agree to warrant and defend\\nour title as against the Filipinos. Still weaker is the argu-\\nment based upon religious duty. When the desire to steal becomes\\nuncontrollable in an individual he is sent to an asylum; when the desire\\nto grab land becomes uncontrollable in a naiion we are told that the", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 395\\ncurrents of destiny are flowing through the hearts of men and that\\nthe American people are entering upon a manifest destiny.\\nShame upon a logic that locks up the petty offender and enthrones\\ngrand larceny. Have the people returned to the worship of the golden\\ncalf? Have they made unto themselves a new commandment consistent\\nwith the spirit of conquest, and the lust for empire? Is thou shalt\\nnot steal on a small scale to be substituted for the law of Moses?\\nIMPERIALISM.\\n(Article written by Bryan in 1899.)\\nImperialism as it now presents itself embraces four distinct propo-\\nsitions:\\n1st. That the acquisition of territory by conquest is right.\\n2nd. That the acquisition of remote territory is desirable.\\n3rd. That the doctrine that governments derive their just powers\\nfrom the consent of the governed, is unsound.\\n4th. That people can be wisely governed by aliens.\\nTo all of these propositions Jefferson was emphatically opposed.\\nIn a letter to William Sharp written in 1791, he said:\\nIf there be one principle more deeply written than any other in\\nthe mind of every American it is that we should have nothing to do\\nwith conquest.\\nIf it is said that we have outgrown the ideas of the fathers, it\\nmay be observed that the doctrine laid down by Jefferson was reiter-\\nated only a few years ago by no less a Republican than James G.\\nBlaine.\\nAll remember the enthusiasm with which he entered into the work\\nof bringing the republics of North and South America into close and\\ncordial relations; some, however, may have forgotten the resolutions\\nintroduced by hira at the conference held in 1890, and approved by the\\ncommissioners present. They are as follows:\\n1st. That the principle of conquest shall not during the contin-\\nuance of the treaty of arbitration, be recognized as admissible under\\nAmerican public law.\\n2nd. That all cessions of territory made during the continuance of\\nthe treaty of arbitration shall be void if made under threats of war,\\nor in the presence of an armed force.\\n3rd. Any nation from which such cessions shall be exacted may\\n26", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "396 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\ndemand that the validity of the cessions so made shall be submitted to\\narbitration.\\n4th. Any renunciation of the right to arbitration made under the\\nconditions named in the second section, shall be null and void.\\nIf the principle of conquest is right, wh} should it be denied a place\\nin American public law? So objectionable is the theory of acquisi-\\ntion of territory by conquest that the nation which suffers such injus-\\ntice can, according to the resolutions, recover by arbitration, the land\\nceded in the presence of an armed force. So abhorrent is it that a\\nwaiver of arbitration made under such circumstances is null and void.\\nBut this is a time of great and rapid changes and some\\nmay even look upon Blaine s official acts as ancient hi story. If so let\\nit be remembered that President McKinley (Dec. 6, 1897) in a message\\nto Congress discussing the Cuban situation, said:\\nI speak not of forcible annexation, for that is not to be thought of.\\nThat by our code of morality would be a criminal suggestion.\\nAnd yet some are now thinking of that which was then not to\\nbe thought of. Policy may change, but does a code of morality\\nchange?\\nIn his recent speech at Savannah Secretary Gage, in defending the\\nnew policy of the administration, suggested that philanthropy and\\nfive per cent may go hand in hand. Surely we know not what a day\\nmay bring foi-th, if in so short a time criminal aggression can be trans-\\nformed into philanthropy and five per cent.\\nFROM AXDKEW CARKEGIE.\\n(Curtis Publishing Co., Philadelphia, Penn.)\\nLet me put on record my belief that, should the United States\\nassume control of the Philippines she will have cause to ponder well\\nover what the London Times tells us, as follows:\\nIf the Philippines are to be effectively occupied a large naval and\\ntransport power will be necessary. The United States must show them-\\nselves ready to repel any attempt on the part of other powers to attack\\na position which for some time can hardly be regarded as secure.\\nIt will not be sufficient that we have ships equal to any of the\\npowers, to insure perfect safety on the islands. Something more will\\nbe necessary, for European nations combine and change combinations\\nwith alarming rapidity.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 397\\nEui ope is an armed camp with nine millions of trained soldiers\\ntwo millions of these in the regular army, while the United States is\\na hive of peaceful industry, with only 56,000 regular soldiers. The\\nwarships of Europe number over fifteen hundred those of the United\\nStates only eighty-one.\\nObviously we have not yet prepared ourselves against these forces,\\neven singly, much less if they are allied.\\nOf course we can prepare ourselves but the fact remains,\\nwe have yet to do this, and until we do it is madness to incur the respon-\\nsibilities of territory in the far East.\\nThe entrance of the United States into this zone of constant dread\\nof war is even more to be feared than the danger of actual wai* itself,\\nexcept so far as the latter involves direct sacrifice of human life.\\nThere can be no genuine prosperity in a counti v which is\\nkept in constant apprehension of war. Q^p path\u00e2\u0080\u0094 safety,\\npeace, prosperity, civilization. Republicanism. The other dangers,\\ntaxation, sacrifice of life, worry, militarism, imperialism. Can there\\nbe any serious doubt as to the choice of the American people?\\nFROM GENERAL J. B. WEAVER.\\nGOVERNMENT WITHOUT CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED.\\nNo man is good enough to govern another without the other s con-\\nsent. Abraham Lincoln.\\nThis postulate, selected from the many wise sayings of one of the\\ngreatest emancipators of the woidd, contains within itself in indes-\\ntructible form, the whole problem of rightful human government.\\nAnd yet we have a distinguished and honored citizen sitting in the\\nchair of Washington, Jelferson and Lincoln who thinks that if he is not\\ngood enough, he is at least strong enough, with the aid of an army\\nand modern battleships, to govern ten millions of distant and alien\\npeople against their consent. And to prove his ability to do so, and to\\ndefend his position against attack, he has felt compelled to take the\\nlives of thousands of people who were so wicked as to desire to govern\\nthemselves. In all contentions involving the taking of hu-\\nman life, either in single combat or on the field of battle, the moral\\nsense of mankind must and will enquire whether the taking of human\\nlife could have been reasonably avoided. And if it could, the verdict\\nof history and the conscience of humanity will hold to strict accounta-", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "398 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nbility the man who deliberately refused to listen to the voice of reason.\\nThe President thinks he has found a people to whom the\\nDeclaration of Independence does not apply!\\nITe assumes that one can deny to them, life, liberty, and the pursuit\\nof happiness, unless they will submit to be governed by a people alien\\nto themselves, whose seat of government is ten thousand miles away\\nfrom their islands.\\nWhen the President announces, as he did in his Boston speech, that\\nhe cannot ask the consent of the Filipinos to allow him to govern them,\\nhe virtually proclaims a war of extermination. If they will not consent\\nbut resist his authority he will kill, and if they continue to resist, he will\\ncontinue to kill. jijo conqueror during the last two centuries\\nhas ever enunciated a more deplorable theory-.\\nHas not our Christian nation yet learned that we cannot substitute\\nforce for the Golden Rule and then reasonably expect peace?\\nFROM HON. BENJAMIN R. TILLMAN.\\n(Speech in the United States Senate, Feb. 7, 1899.)\\nAre we to spread the Christian religion with the bayonet, as Ma-\\nhomet spread Islamism with the scimiter?\\nThere are two forces striiggling for mastery here, and the better\\ninstincts of every senator within the hearing of my voice leave him to\\nside with me in the proposition that we do not want to shoot people\\ninto a civilized condition if we know how to get around it.\\nThe two forces to which I have referred as struggling for mastery\\nare liberty and light, and morality in a word, Christianity contend-\\ning against ignorance, greed, and tyranny against the empires of\\nMammon and Belial.\\nIn the summer seas of the tropics, two flags are afloat to-day upon\\ntwo ancient cities. They both bear the emblem of this great Republic.\\nOne goes there, and is floating on the free air, as a harbinger of peace,\\norder, prosperity, happiness, liberty. The other floats in ^[anila as an\\nemblem of power, cold blooded, determined to do what? To subjugate\\nthose people at whatever cost and force on them such a government as\\nwe think is best for them, and then, according to the language of the\\nresolution, determine afterwards as it may be to our advantage,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0whether we will sell them, or whether we will rule them in our own\\nway, without regard to their rights.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "^ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 399\\nFROM HON. GEORGE F. HOAR.\\n(Speech of Geo. F. Hoar, of Massachusetts, in the U. S. Senate.)\\nOUR GOVERNMENT AS IT WAS INTENDED.\\nAfter all I am old fashioned enough to think that our fathers, who\\nwon the Revolution and who framed the Constitution, were the wisest\\nbuilders of States the world has yet seen. They did not dis-\\ndain to study ancient history. They knew what caused the downfall of\\nthe mighty Roman Republic. They read, as Chatham said he did, the\\nhistory of the freedom, of the decay, and the enslavement of Greece.\\nThey learned from her that while there is little else that a\\ndemocracy cannot accomplish, it cannot rule over vassal States, or\\nsubject peoples, without bringing the element of death into its own\\nconstitution.\\nFROM SAMUEL GOMPERS,\\n(President of the American Federation of Labor.)\\nDANGER OF IMPERIAUSM.\\nIt is more than folly, aye, it is a crime, to lull ourselves into the\\nfancy that we shall escape the duties which we owe to our people by\\nbecoming a nation of conquerors, disregarding the lessons of nearly a\\ncentury and a quarter of our national existence as an independent, pro-\\ngressive, humane, and peace-loving nation.\\nIf the Philippines are annexed, what is to prevent the Chinese,\\nthe Negritos and the Malays coming to our country? How can we pre-\\nvent the Chinese coolies from going to the Philippines and from there\\nswarm into the United States, and engulf our people and our civili-\\nzation?\\nIf these new islands are to become ours, it will be either under the\\nform of Territories or States.\\nCan we hope to close the flood-gates of immigration from the hordes\\nof Chinese, and the semi-savage races, coming from what will then be\\npart of our own country? Certainly, if we are to retain the principles\\nof law enunciated from the foundation of our Government, no legisla-\\ntion of such a character can be expected.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "400 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nFROM HON. ARTHUR P. GORMAN.\\n(U. S. Senator from Maryland. Speech in the U. S. Senate, 1898.)\\nA MENACE TO THE REPUBLIC.\\nFrom the whole transaction I shrink from the whole transaction,\\nin the interest of the people of the American Union, I protest for, I\\nrepeat, I believe the absorption of the inhabitants of these islands\\nwould be more disastrous than the war from 1861 to 1865, so far as\\nthe material interests of the country are concerned. I think it would\\nbe more disastrous than the pictures drawn by the Senator from Vir-\\nginia of the great misfortune which came to us by the injection into\\nour body politic of the slave, against the protest of Virginia, and be-\\ncause of which, the whole land was deluged in blood and brother turned\\nagainst brother.\\nFROM HON. MARION BUTLER.\\n(U. S. Senator from North Carolina.)\\nA GOVERNMENT BASED ON FORCE.\\nNo man has ever doubted the ability of the United States Govern-\\nment to subjugate the Filipinos, and in fact to kill and bury every one\\nof them if we so desired.\\nIf we should conquer such an half-fed, half-clothed, and half-savage\\npeople in a hundred different battles there would be no glory or credit\\nin it for a great civilized government like the United States.\\nIf we had the Philippine islands what would we do with them?\\nIf we attempt to govern them as a conquered people, it will be\\nnecessary for us to keep a large standing anny, at great expense, ready\\nto shoot down and kill the inhabitants of those islands, whenever they\\nevince the least desire for freedom, just as the English were ready to\\nshoot us down in 1776.\\nBesides, we will have to send a large number of oflSce holders to\\nthose islands, who would not only draw their salaries from our gov-\\nernment, but would consider it their privilege to oppress the Filipinos\\nfor their own personal profit and gain. What advantage could come\\nto our people from this great outlay? None whatever. There\\nmight be a few monopolists in this country who could gobble up some\\nfranchises, or valuable resources of the islands, for their own personal", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 401\\nprofit, while Uncle Sam and the American public footed the bills.\\nWe paid Spain twenty million dollars for a law suit. We have\\nalready spent much more than that amount since, in trying to establish\\nour claim, which will be more than a white elephant after we have\\nwon it.\\nFROM GEORGE G. VEST.\\n(U. S. Senator from Missouri. Speech in U. S. Senate, Dec. 12, 1898.)\\nANNEXATION FROM A LEGAL. POINT OF VIEW.\\nEvery schoolboy knows, or ought to know, that the Revolutionary\\nwar, which gave us existence as a people, was fought for four years\\nexclusively against the colonial system of Europe.\\nWhat is the colonial system against which our fathers protested?\\nIt is based upon the fundamental idea that the people of immense\\nareas of territory can be held as subjects, never to become citizens\\nthat they must pay taxes and be impoverished by governmental exac-\\ntion without anything to do with the legislation under which they\\nlive.\\nI know not what may be done with the glamour of foreign conquest\\nand the greed of the commercial classes of this country. For myself, I\\nwould rather quit public life, and would be willing to risk life itself\\nrather than give my consent to this wicked and fantastic attempt to\\nrevolutionize our government, and substitute the principles of our\\nhereditary enemies for the teachings of Washington and his associates.\\nFROM HON. STEPHEN M. WHITE.\\n(U. S. Senator from California. Speech- in the U. S. Senate.)\\nTHE PASSING OF CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINTS.\\nThe extracts which I present are announcements of the Supreme\\nCourt of the United States, and from the distinguished naval com-\\nmander whose victory at Manila has made him an historical char-\\nacter.\\nThere is certainly no power given by the Constitution to the Federal\\nGovernment to establish or maintain colonies bordering on the United\\nStates, or at a distance, to be ruled and governed at its own pleasure.\\nIt (the new acquisition) is required to become a State and not", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "403 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nto be held as a colony by Congress with absolute authority. (Dred\\nScott vs. Sandford, per Taney, C. J., 19 How., 393.)\\nThis decision has never been reconsidered in the Supreme Court of\\nthe United States. (Justice Miller s Lectures, p. 406.)\\nI speak not of forcible annexation, for that cannot be thought of.\\nThat by our code of morality would be criminal aggression. (Presi-\\ndent McKinley s Messages, December of 1897 and April 11, 1898.)\\nIn a telegram sent to the Department on June 23, I expressed the\\nopinion that these people (the Filipinos) are far superior in their intel-\\nligence, and more capable of self government than the natives of Cuba,\\nand I am familiar with both races. Further intercourse with them has\\nconfirmed me in this opinion. (Admiral Dewey to Secretary of Navy,\\nAugust 29, 1898; Senate Document No. 62, part I, Sixty-fifth Congress,\\nThird Session.)\\nSpain herself believed in expansion. Imperialism brought her down.\\nThe United States will never be too prosperous nor strong\\nto adhere to constitutional restraints, and to work out its mission.\\nFROM CHAS. FRANCIS ADAMS.\\n(Letter to Hon. Carl Schurz, Boston, Dec. 21, 1898.)\\nWHAT POLICY SHOULD BE PURSUED.\\nThe policy heretofore pursued by us in such cases, the policy of\\nHands-off, and Walk alone is distinctly American. It is not Euro-\\npean, not even British. It recognizes the principles of our Declaration\\nof Independence. It recognizes the truth that all just governments\\nexist by the consent of the governed. It recognizes the existence of the\\nMonroe Doctrine. In a word, it recognizes every principle and prece-\\ndent, whether natural or historical, which has from the beginning lain\\nat the foundation of our American policy.\\nFROM HON. HENRY M. TELLER.\\n(U. S. Senator from Colorado. Speech in the U. S. Senate.)\\nA NATION S POWER.\\nWhat is the principle that ought to animate the American Senate,\\nthe American House and the American people? I would say to the new\\ninhabitants of these new possessions, If you can maintain a govern-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 403\\nment of order for your local affairs you shall be allowed to do it. I\\nshould say to them in addition, We will, for your good, stand between\\nyou and the European powers, who would appropriate your country,\\nand would inaugurate a system of colonial dependence such as England\\nhas in India, and such as Spain has maintained over you, and we will\\nsee that no foreign power interferes with you. We may call it\\na protectorate, or we may call it what we please, I would stand back of\\nthese people and help them help to give them a government that will\\nsecure to them the blessings of liberty.\\nFROM HON. GEO. FRANKLIN EDMUNDS.\\n(Ex-U. S. Senator from Vermont.)\\nCOUNTING PARTIAL COSTS.\\nRapidly developing events seem to show that a military force of at\\nleast 50,000 men must be kept up in those lands in order to our obtain-\\ning an effectual supremacy. And this force must be supported by many\\nnaval vessels, with their crews, etc.\\nBesides the casualties of battle with foes (some of whom Spain\\nhas not been able to subdue in two hundred years) there is also the\\nconstant and unconquerable foe of the tropical climate and the diseases\\nalways present in it.\\nAnd besides this no troops from the temperate zones can long endure\\nthe effect of such a climate. Our troops in the Philippines\\nmust be transported by sea four or five thousand miles. Tq\\naccomplish all of this, the annual and enormous expenditure of millions\\nupon millions of the earnings of our people must go on indefinitely.\\nThe Senate, however, may consider that while Spain ought\\nto depart from the Philippines and renounce her dominion there the\\nUnited States ought not to assume her sovereignty, such as it was,\\nagainst the express will of the people of the islands.\\nAnd in view of the evils likely to follow, even if those people desired\\nto become a part of the United States, the Senate can amend the\\ntreaty so as to provide substantially, as the scheme has been as to\\nCuba, that the people of those islands should be left to govern them-\\nselves as best they may, with such guarantees for order and personal\\nsafety of the inhabitants as shall be adequate to the preservation of\\norder.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "404 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nSuch a guarantee can be presently enforced at infinitely less cost\\nof blood and treasure than our undertaking to assume and exercise\\nsovereignty over the islands.\\nFKOM HON. ADLAI STEVENSON.\\n(Ex- Vice President of the United States.)\\nTHE MONROE DOCTRINE.\\nThe Monroe Doctrine is wholesome and enduring. It is the faith\\nof Americans of every creed and party is of the very warp and\\nwoof of our political being. This has been our settled faith\\nand practice for seventy-five years. Under it Louis Napo-\\nleon, a third of a centui y ago, was obliged to withdraw from Mexico;\\nunder it the empire established by foreign bayonets disappeared and\\nthe Republic was restored. Are we now to say that we still recog-\\nnize the binding force of this doctrine upon ourselves?\\nFROM DAVID STARR JORDAN.\\n(President of Leland Stanford University.)\\nFALSE STEPS ARE HARD TO RETRACE.\\nIt is our plain duty to withdraw from the Philippines as soon as\\nin dignity we can. Annexation without imperialism is sheer\\nanarchy. Annexation with imperialism is still worse, for, so far as it\\ngoes, it means the abandonment of democracy.\\nWe make slave nations out of the Philippines but never free States\\nin the sense in which the name State applies to Maine, or Iowa or\\nCalifornia.\\nFROM HON. WILLIAM V. ALLEN.\\n(U. S. Senator from Nebraska. Speech in the U. S. Senate.)\\nRACE PROBLEMS.\\nWe are confronted to-day in our own country with a great race\\nproblem that must be solved soon if it is not to bring us trouble.\\nAre we now prepared, under these circumstances, to take\\nwithin our population 12,000,000 people alien in race, alien in pur-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 405\\nposes and language, to a great popular government like ours?\\nI challenge any gentleman on this floor to point out the author-\\nity this government would have, when the Philippines are annexed to\\nthe United States, to restrict the exportation of those people and their\\nimmigration here.\\nThere is no power to prevent it.\\nFROM CHAS. A. TOWNE.\\n(Ex-Representative of Congress from Minnesota. Address delivered\\non Washington s Birthday, 1899, at the University of Michigan.)\\nLEST WE FORGET.\\nThe possession of the Philippine Islands was in no way neces-\\nsary to the success of the war nor within its purpose. Admiral Dewey\\nwent to Manila in pursuance of his well known instructions to find\\nthe Spanish fleet and destroy it. In his subsequent operations he was\\nassisted by the insurgent Filipinos, who were engaged, like the rebels\\nof Cuba, in an effort to throw off the yoke of Spain, if possible a more\\nheavy burden and a more odious tyranny in the Philippines than in\\nthe Antilles.\\nSaid Admiral Dewey on the 27th of June: I have given the insurg-\\nents to understand that I consider them as friends because we oppose a\\nmutual enemy.\\nThe publications of the government show beyond all cavil that,\\nour representatives immediately in contact with Emilio Agui-\\nnaldo and his coadjutors treated the insurrectionists as allies and that\\nwe were honorably bound to respect the relation.\\nFROM HON. CARL SCHURZ.\\nAMERICANIZING OUR NEW POSSESSIONS.\\nThe scheme of Americanizing our new possessions, in that sense, is\\ntherefore absolutely hopeless. The immutable forces of nature are\\nagainst it.\\nWhatever we may do for their improvement the people of the Span-\\nish Antilles will remain in overwhelming numerical preponderance.\\nSpanish Creoles and negroes, and the people of the Philippines, Fili-\\npinos, Malays, Tagals, and so on some of them quite clever in their", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "406 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nway, but the vast majority utterly alien to us, not only in origin and\\nlanguage, but in habits and traditions, ways of thinking in short,\\nin most things that are of greatest importance in human intercourse\\nand especially in political co-operation. j ^sk in all candor,\\ntaking President McKinley at his word: Will the forcible annexation\\nof the Philippines by our code of morals, not be criminal aggression\\na self confessed crime?\\nFROM HON. JOHN W. DANIEL.\\n(U. S. Senator from Virginia. Speech in the U. S. Senate.)\\nEFFECT OF ANNEXATION UPON AMERICAN LABOR.\\nIt is the first step that costs. To-day we are the United States of\\nAmerica. To-morrow, if a treaty now pending in the Senate is rati-\\nfied, we will be the United States of America and Asia!\\nOur name, like the hoop on a barrel, marks the boundary of our\\nnational projection and ambition. It is proposed to embody into the\\nAmerican commonwealth, as an integral part thereof, a large and\\nmiscellaneous assortment of Asiatic islands, estimated in number at\\nfrom 1,200 to 2,000, and to make citizens of the United States, with all\\nthe rights of citizenship which attach to the inhabitants of an Ameri-\\ncan Territory, a large and miscellaneous and diA ersified assortment of\\npeople.\\nThe treaty is the thoroughfare, and through and over that thor-\\noughfare eight millions of Filipinos march into the open doorway of\\nthe American Republic. More than that, 70,000,000 Americans march\\ninto the Philippine Islands as the Filipinos march here.\\nIt is a marriage of nations. This twain will become one flesh.\\nHenceforth and forever, according to the terminology of this treaty, the\\nFilipinos and Americans are one. I trust that yet, before this marriage\\nis consummated, the spirit of American constitutional liberty will arise\\nand forbid the wrong.\\nFROM HON. HERNANDO D. MONEY.\\n(U. S. Senator from Mississippi. Speech in the U. S. Senate.)\\nCRITICAL TIMES.\\nThis is a critical moment, when a turn of the wrist will send the\\nwheel to the right, and carry the ship home and safe into harbor, or a\\nturn to the left will lay her upon the rocks; and whether the turn shall", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 407\\nbe dexter or sinister, the future shall give judgment to the people.\\nIt is a serious thought that we are about to do something for which\\nour posterity may blush that in the very exuberance of, our strength\\nwe are about to exercise it without judgment or mercy; that we may\\nesteem but lightly the rights, the liberties, the sacrifices of a people who\\nfor a hundred years have groaned under the tyranny of aliens.\\nAre all of these 10,000,000 of people nobody knows how many\\nunworthy of any consideration in this most international transaction?\\nIt is said that we have not treated with these people as allies or\\nauxiliaries.\\nLet us not deceive ourselves, for we shall not deceive anybody else.\\nSenators fear that we shall lose prestige if we recede from the advanced\\nstep which they say we have taken, and we have heard a lot of rant\\nand fustion that would do credit to a lot of barn storming tragedians\\nabout hauling down the flag. We all know that no hand but the hand\\nof an American will ever do that. When we lower the col-\\nors, it will be because national honor and good faith demand it, and not\\notherwise.\\nThese people purchased arms to do what? To acquire their liberty,\\nto conquer their liberty. These people who had groaned for a hun-\\ndred years under exactions and tyranny in comparison with which\\nthose which drove our forefathers into rebellion in 1776, were trivial.\\nThese people, not discouraged by repeated failures nor by bloody pun-\\nishment, were making another effort as they had been doing again and\\nagain for a hundred years.\\nThen Aguinaldo was sent for, not to excite insurrection against\\nSpain, but to control these forces already organized in rebellion, in the\\ninterests of the American attack upon the Spanish forces in Manila and\\nthe islands of the Philippines.\\nThis is evidenced by the proclamation of the junta at Hongkong, by\\nthe proclamation of the junta at Singapore, by the correspondence of our\\nconsul, Mr. Pratt, at Singapore, of Mr. Wildman, at Hongkong, and of\\nMr. Williams in the city of Manila.\\nAguinaldo, on his part, promised that he would conduct the war\\nwith humanity; that he would control the forces that were operating\\nagainst the Spanish at that time around Manila, and he was only put\\non board ship at Singapore when Commodore Dew^ey telegraphed, Send\\nAguinaldo at once.\\nHe went to Hongkong and there he put himself into the hands of\\nanother American consul, Mr, Wildman, who, in the secrecy of the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "408 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nnight to prevent anj interference, himself put Aguinaldo and seven-\\nteen of his officers on board the U. S. S. McCulIoch and sent them to\\nManila. There he was put ashore and taken to the arsenal at Cavite\\nand was furnished bj- the Americans with the arms which he required.\\nThe chiefs who were carrying on this revolution throughout the\\ndifferent provinces rallied around him and made him their leader.\\nThey came promptly in and gave their adhesion to him. Then the\\ncorrespondence continued between General Anderson, commanding the\\nAmerican forces, and General Aguinaldo, commanding the insurrec-\\ntionary forces of the Philippines.\\nHe was asked to give passes to our officers to go through his lines\\nand was requested to furnish us with the materials of war. He did\\ngive us carts, bullocks, horses, firewood, and everything else we de-\\nmanded of him. In these communications he is called our ally in\\nothers, he is called our auxiliary. These are the men whom\\nit is now proposed to sacrifice in order that we may have certain com-\\nmercial advantages with the Orient. I ask you. Senators, does that\\ncommend itself to your consciences as representatives of the American\\npeople, as the custodians of their honor, their dignity, their majesty? I\\nask you, is that consistent with your sense of justice?\\nFROM HON. WILLIAM E. MASON.\\n(U. S. Senator from Illinois. Speech in the Senate on\\nUniversal Liberty.\\nSPAIN AMD EXPANSION.\\nSpain is an expansionist and has been for centuries. And have you\\nforgotten the first rule proved by all history, without exception, that\\nevery square inch of territory taken by force has to be held by\\nforce?\\nAre we to continue to imitate Spain? She has believed in expansion\\nof territory, expansion of commerce by force, without the consent of the\\ngoverned, and her ships are lying at the bottom of the sea. Her flag\\nhas been dishonored, disgraced, defeated, and sent back to her penin-\\nsula, and the crown of imperialism that she has sought against the will\\nof the people has turned to ashes in her palsied hands.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 409\\nFROM HON. HORACE CHILTON.\\n(U. S. Senator from Texas. Speech in the U. S. Senate.)\\nANNEXATION DANGEROUS TO LABOR.\\nBlackstone lays down that great principle of Anglo-Saxon progress\\nthat one of the first attributes of personal liberty is the right of locomo-\\ntion from one part of the domain to another. And upon original prin-\\nciples, as well as American authority, it is fairly deducible that when-\\never we take the Philippine Islanders under our jurisdiction the\\nSupreme Court will hold that it is beyond the power of Congress to\\nprevent them from passing between different parts of the territory of\\nthe United States.\\nBut suppose this danger could be safeguarded by legislation. Where,\\nunder our Constitution, do you find the authority to keep the productions\\nof the Filipinos, manufactured in their own homes, from coming unim-\\npeded to the ports of the United States?\\nSo long as the Philippine people are held in allegiance to the Gov-\\nernment of the United States you cannot deny them the privileges\\nwhich pertain to other persons who owe allegiance to our Government.\\nCongress has no power to make discriminations between the people who\\nowe a common obligation to a common Federal sovereignty.\\nAnd why are we asked to take up these dangers? Why are we asked\\nto run the risk of admitting 500,000 Chinese and cross-breeds into this\\nRepublic, to say nothing of the vast Malay millions which stand behind\\nthem?\\nI would not have this government surrender all the advantages\\nwhich come from our glorious Eastern victory. I would ask for coaling\\nand naval stations in the Philippines, so that hereafter, if we had un-\\nwilling trouble upon the sea, we might have a base of operations in that\\nquarter of the world. But I would rather have a treaty which gave\\nfr ie entry to American productions yes, ten thousand times rather\\nhave it than a profitless, and never quiet sovereignty of the ignorant\\nand mixed millions of the Philippines. Whenever we take the\\nPhilippine Islands within our jurisdiction, every man and every dollar\\nof the American people will be consecrated to their defense.\\nWhy should we cast American destiny upon a sea w^hich is bound to\\nbring our people into bloody conflict with the powers of the Old World?\\nIt is a dreadful responsibility to propose at this hour of our history.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "410 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nThe last civil war has already cost the people of the United States\\nover 110,000,000,000. The wars of Europe during the present century\\nhave cost the people of Europe over $100,000,000,000, and the end is\\nnot yet.\\nShall we gather nothing from this experience? Shall we go head-\\nlong into a policy which has brought the European masses into a state\\nalmost equivalent to despair?\\nFROM HON. AUGUSTUS O. BACON.\\n(U. S. Senator from Georgia. Speech in U. S. Senate.)\\nINDEPENDENCE FOR THE PHILIPPINES.\\nThere is but one Government among the leading nations of the earth,\\nthat recognizes the right of self government in a people that recog-\\nnizes that the consent of a people is essential to their government. And\\nwhen this Government practically denies that right in the march of free\\ninstitutions, the hand upon the dial of the clock of the world has been\\nset back an hundred years.\\nIt is impossible to conceive that this Government will, knowingly\\nand purposely, deny to a people the right of self government. It is\\nincredible that the liberty-loving people of this country will, by force\\nof arms, impose a government upon another people against their will\\na people who owed us no allegiance who are struggling to be free.\\nThere is no public man who will admit that he is in favor of that propo-\\nsition; there is no official, no senator, who would not repel the charge,\\nif it were made against him, that he would thus violate the right of self\\ngovernment.\\nAgain, do senators consider the Herculean task which we undertake\\nwhen we say that we will maintain a militaiT establishment in the\\nPhilippine Islands? Do they realize that even when not at war with a\\nforeign power we must maintain there an army of at least 30,000 men?\\nDo they for a moment realize what it is to transport 100,000 men across\\nthe sea? And yet, if we become involved in a war with a foreign power,\\nwe would have to transport more than 100,000 men across the Pacific\\nOcean, 7,000 miles.\\nSituated as we are, with an ocean on each side, with the great power\\nwe have, it is an impossibility, so long as we maintain this position, for\\nany nation to make war against us successfully, and no one will ever", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "EDUCATORS AND STATESMEN- ANTI-EXPANSIOXISTS", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "O.G.VEST.\\nEMIMENT POLITICIANS AND STATESMEN-ANTI-EXPANSIONISTS", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 411\\nattempt it. But if we reach out to Asia, if we become embroiled in the\\npolitics of the governments of Europe, more especially if in so doing we\\nsurrender our right to maintain the Monroe doctrine, then\\nthat priceless immunity is gone forever, and we are remitted to a period\\nof wars, the end of which no man can see.\\nFKOM HON. GEORGE W. TURNER.\\n(U. S. Senator from Washington. Speech in the U. S. Senate.)\\nOUR SHIP OF STATE.\\nI am not a strict constructionist of the Constitution. i am,\\nI believe, a liberal nationalist. But there are bounds to my liberality.\\nI draw the line at that vain and boastful spirit which seems to be\\nabroad in the land that we of this age and generation are entirely suf-\\nficient unto ourselves that there are no problems that we cannot solve\\nunaided that there is no danger which it is not cowardly and un-\\nAmerican for us to fear, and that reverence for the wise admonitions of\\nthe fathers, even when incorporated in the organic law of the land,\\nor when spoken in the great instrument which the organic law was\\nframed to carry out, is contrary to the progressive spirit\\nof this age and this people.\\nThe American people are not lacking in the faith and courage of the\\nfathers. They have sometimes, however, been lacking in the wisdom of\\nthe fathers. But in every case the aberration has been temporary.\\nWhen the excitement or passion which led them astray has subsided,\\nthey have returned to that wisdom and conservatism, always tempered\\nwith faith and courage, which is the birthright they inherit from the\\nfathers.\\nFROM HON. JOHN L. McLAURIN.\\n(U. S. Senator from South Carolina. Speech in the U. S. Senate.)\\nOUR NEW^ COLONIAL POUCY.\\nIt is idle to speak of Americanizing a tropical country 8,000 miles\\naway. Our people will never consent for the people of that far-off\\nland to ever have a voice in the affairs of our country.\\nTherefore, to govern them we must inaugurate a military or colonial\\nsystem utterly at variance with the principles of our Republic.\\n27", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "413 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nBut even if by a strained construction of the Constitution the power\\nis vested in the United States to inaugurate a colonial system, I am\\nutterly opposed, as a matter of policy, to the acquisition of any territory\\nthat cannot be Americanized and brought into harmony with our insti-\\ntutions.\\nImperialism means that we must beat our pruning hooks into spears\\nand be ready to water distant lands and stain distant seas with a never\\nceasing torrent of American blood. It means a never-ending strife with\\nthe nations of the world.\\nRome colonized in all parts of the habitable globe, and from the\\nproud pinnacle of mistress of the world she has fallen into eternal\\ndecay and lives only on the pages of history.\\nI believe that if we embark in a colonial career, unsuited as are our\\ninstitutions to such a system nay, with a form of government utterly\\nantagonistic to the idea that it is the first downward step along the\\npath upon which so many nations have fallen.\\nI believe it is the great rock upon which our republican institutions\\nwill finally be stranded. Senators need not call upon Providence and\\nmanifest destiny. The most horrid crimes and foolish blunders of\\nthe ages have been committed under similar protestations.\\nIt does seem to me that the rent garments and whitened bones of other\\nnations who have tried that way and found their death, should hold\\nsome warning for us.\\nFROM HON. ALEXANDER S. CLAY.\\n(U. S. Senator from Georgia. Speech in the U. S. Senate.)\\nEXCESSIVE TAXATION.\\nI ask again, where are we drifting? If it takes 50,000 soldiers to\\nmaintain a stable government in Cuba, where we grant them the right\\nof self government, what kind of an army will it take to put in operation\\na government by force against the consent of 9,000,000 people on the\\nPhilippine Islands? At the same ratio it would require 400,000 soldiers\\nto govern the Philippine Islands as an American province.\\nThe annual expenses of the army, previous to the late war, ranged\\nfrom twenty to twenty-four million dollars. The expenses of the army\\nfor 1900 are estimated at $1-14,500,000, an increase of $120,000,000. The\\nincrease of pensions is estimated at about $4,000,000. In my judgment", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 413\\nthe acquisition and retention of the Philippine Islands means an anuy\\nof 150,000 soldiers. It means that the annual expenses of the army\\nwill increase from $20,000,000 to |200,000,000. A large standing army\\nmeans that the pension list will increase from |5,000,000 to |10,000,000\\nannually.\\nThen let us consider the dangers of disease to which our soldiers will\\nbe necessarily exposed when located in the tropics. The death rate in\\nsuch a climate would be at least two hundred per cent greater than in\\nour own country.\\nFROM HON. HENRY U. JOHNSON.\\n(Representative in Congress from Sixth District of Indiana. Speech\\nin the House of Representatives.)\\nIMPERIAL MISTAKES.\\nNow I am determined that the President of the United States shall\\nneither befog the issue between himself and those of the Republican\\nparty who oppose his Philippine policy, nor mislead the public judg-\\nment, nor escape responsibility for the gross official blunder which he\\nhas committed in connection with this Eastern problem.\\nIf this war for subjugation of an alien race, waged without the dec-\\nlaration of Congress the permanent acquisition of their ter-ritory to\\nour own domain, the creation of a great standing army and navy, the\\nloading down of our people with grievous taxation, the departure from\\nthe policy of non-intervention in foreign affairs, is right, then the Presi-\\ndent is entitled to the glory of the accomplishment, and no man should\\nbe permitted to snatch a single laurel from his brow.\\nIf, on the other hand, the policy is wrong, and fraught with grave\\nmenace and serious danger to the American public, the President is\\nalone responsible for it.\\nI assert that the entire policy is not simply an error, but that it is a\\ncrime, and that the chief executive of this nation is the one who has\\nprecipitated upon us the embarrassments and the diflSculties by which\\nwe are now confronted.\\nANTI-IMPERIALISTIC RESOLUTIONS.\\nResolutions adopted at the anti-imperialistic meeting, Central Music\\nHall, October, 1899:", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "414 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nWe hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty\\nand tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory\\nto be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of\\nWashington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or\\ncolor, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We\\nmaintain that governments derive their ju.st powers from the consent\\nof the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is crim-\\ninal aggression and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our\\ngovernment.\\nWe earnestly condemn the policy of the present national admin-\\nistration in the Philippines. It seeks to extinguish the spirit of ITTG\\nin those islands. We deplore the sacrifice of our soldiers and sailors,\\nwhose bravery deserves admiration even in an unjust war. We de-\\nnounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest\\nagainst the extension of American sovereignty by Spanish methods.\\nWe demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty,\\nbegun by Spain and continued by us. We urge that congress be\\npromptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede\\nto them the independence for which they have so long fought and\\nwhich of right is theirs.\\nTHE REV. HERBERT D. BIGELOW, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.\\n(Address at the anti-imperialist meeting, Chicago, Oct. 17, 1899.)\\nTHE PARTING OF THE WAYS.\\nThe nation is standing at the parting of the ways. Two paths lie\\nbefore her. Two voices are speaking. One voice asks, Which path\\nwill pay? the other, Which path is right?\\nI do not fear the apostasy of the American people. Their religion\\nis the religion of justice. The Declaration of Independence is the\\nexpression of that faith. Never knowingly will they repudiate it. The\\nvice of mankind is the lust for possession. To-day that lust comes to\\nthe people in the mask of humanity.\\nWe are told that Aguinaldo has imperialistic designs. Then let\\nCongress declare the right of the Filipinos to rule themselves and let\\nus recognize the government the people shall choose. We are told\\nthey are not fit for self-government. How can we tell when a people\\nare fit for freedom? Why, sir, when they will die for it.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 415\\nIf they were eucroacbiug on our liberties it would be legitimate for\\nus to resist. But have we a right to murder them because they are\\nnot as good to themselves as we think they ought to be? We are told\\nwe are to bestow the blessings of a good and stable government\\nupon them. Sir, we have been reared in the political faith that gov-\\nernments are derived and not bestowed.\\nIs liberty dead? Have we lost the right of self-government? What\\nis the crime of shivery compared with the insult of Aguinaldo in refus-\\ning to bend the knee to Empei or William and his high priest, Hananias?\\nSir, we protest against destroying the first republic in Asia with the\\narmy organized for expelling the last monarchy from America.\\nA WOMAN S PROTEST AGAINST MR. BIGELOW S SENTIMENTS.\\nTake down that flag! Don t let it be desecrated longer. The\\nshrill voice of a woman, ringing out high above the tumult of applause\\nthat greeted the close of the Rev. 11. D. Bigelow s address. Hanging\\nfrom the organ balcony over the stage was a large American flag,\\nand to this all eyes were turned, as the woman, standing in the middle\\nof the hall, pointed to it and repeated her demand that it be taken down.\\nI am the daughter of one soldier, the sister of another and the\\nwife of another, she shouted loud enough to be heard above the storm\\nof hisses that broke from the audience. To sit here and hear that\\nflag defamed is more than I can stand! Oh, it is shameful! shameful!\\nShe stepped to the aisle and swiftly left the hall, taking with her\\na gray-haired woman who sat beside her. Her eyes blazed and her\\ncheeks were red with excitement. She refused to give her name, and\\nwould only say that she was a Chicago woman.\\nEX-CONGRESSMAN CHARLES A. TOWNE, OF MINNESOTA.\\nDRIFTING TOWARD A MONARCHY.\\nUnder its present policy the government of the United States is\\ndrifting toward a monarchy. Tliere are big men in New York right\\nnow who get together and seriously discuss the prospect of doing away\\nwith the republic. President McKinley is daily acting in defiance of\\nour constitution, and, more than this, I believe there is some significant\\nunderstanding between the present administration and England.\\nThe policy of the administration in the Philippines, as has been\\nrepeatedly asserted, is against our constitution. On the 22d of next", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "416 ANTI-EXPAXSIOX SENTIMENTS.\\nFebruary, when the senate convenes, Senator Fry, in accordance with\\nthe custom, will be supposed to read the constitution of the United\\nStates. I ll wager that they won t read the constitution. It is directly\\nagainst their present principles.\\nI want to say that the present so-called prosperity is fictitious. It\\nwill collapse within the next few mouths and the results will be ter-\\nrific to contemplate. Our financial system has no sound basis. It is\\nlike a house of playing cards and will certainly collapse.\\nPROFESSOR GEO. D. HERRON.\\nTHE TERMINOLOGY OF IMPERIALISM.\\nIn connection with the present unholy war of conquest and spolia-\\ntion, waged in the name of progress and Christianity by the present\\nadministration against the Filipinos, who are fighting for their liberties,\\nthere have been introduced some startling and unwonted uses of Eng-\\nlish words.\\nFirst of these is the word rebel. The head-lines of the censored\\ndispatches use this word almost invariably. Now, a rebel (accord-\\ning to the Century Dictionary) is one who makes war upon the govern-\\nment of his country from political motives, and the Filipinos are no\\nmore rebels in endeavoring to repel our invading armies than would be\\nthe inhabitants of Mexico or Turkey or France if we should make a\\nsimilar vandal descent upon their countries.\\nBenevolent assimilation is another new euphemism which, in view\\nof the number of dead and amount of loot recorded in the public and\\nprivate accounts of the progress of our armies, is full of grim irony. It\\nis best defined for common apjireciation by substituting the word mur-\\nderous for benevolent and theft for assimilation. But then\\nthose engaged in nefarious practices always like to have their guilt\\nconcealed h\\\\ phraseology. So the influential shop-lifter is a klepto-\\nmaniac and the wealthy gambler a speculator. Says honest Pistol:\\nConvey, the wise it call; steal! fob; a fico for the phrase I\\nIn like manner the white man s burden of Kipling has been used\\nas expressing a duty of the white man to carry the blessings of civiliza-\\ntion and Christianity to the Filipinos if we have to kill half of them in\\norder to do it, as one of the military advocates of imperialism has\\nexjiressed it.\\nMore recent tendencies in the imperialistic terminology relate to", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 417\\nthe division of opinion at liome in regard to the Philippine invasion.\\nThose who oppose the continuance of war find themselves branded as\\ntraitors by the imperialistic press, while those who favor further\\nbloodshed are ranked as loyalists. In one view of it the latter is not\\na bad characterization. In our own Revolutionary War those who\\nstood for the divine right of George III. to rule this land called them-\\nselves loyalists, and were eloquent in their denunciation of the doc-\\ntrine of the consent of the governed as the basis of just governmental\\npowers. These loyalists of 1899 have the same arg-uments against the\\nFilipino patriots which the loyalists of 1776 used against the American\\npatriots of that day, who were also declared to be incapable of self-\\ngovernment and sure to lapse into anarchy if their treasonable rebel-\\nlion against King George should succeed.\\nEX-GOVERNOE GEORGE S. BOUTELL.\\n(September 5, 1899, Springfield, Mass.)\\nWHAT CONTINUED WAR MEANS.\\nThe continuance of the war means more men and more money. The\\nincrease of the army for service in the tropics means a longer death\\nroll, and that without reference to the losses in the field.\\nWith men, and the frequent renewal of the supply of men, we can\\noverrun the territory, we can destroy proper-ty, we can lay Avaste the\\nevidences of civilization; we may blast the prospects of youth and dim\\nthe hopes of age; we may make misei y the general conditions of mil-\\nlions of human beings and the inheritance of those yet to be bom, but\\nthere are two enemies in the Philippines that we cannot vanquish.\\nThe climatic diseases of the tropics gloat upon numbers, and prosper\\nwith every addition. When you double or treble the army in the East,\\nyou lengthen the death roll and increase the sum of family and domestic\\nmisery in the same proportion.\\nOur other enemy is the embittered hostility of the people, which war\\nmay aggi avate, but can never remove.\\nWe declared war against Spain in the belief a belief in which I\\nhad no share that the sufferings of the patriotic Cubans were such\\nas to justify and require our intervention upon grounds of humanity.\\nThe country was deceived and misled aud we entered at once upon a\\nwar of aggression and conquest, first in Puerto Rico and Cuba, then", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "418 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nand now in the Philippine Islands, with hints that the interests of trade\\nand the missionary spirit combined may soon demand our intervention\\nin China.\\nPROF. A. H. TOLMAN AND SIGMUND ZEISLEK, ESQ.\\n(From addresses at Chicago, August 5, 1899.)\\nThank God for the brave Filipinos. They are more true to American\\nprinciples than the Americans themselves. Prof. A. H. Tolman.\\nWith the attempt to subjugate the Filipinos, the conception of sub-\\nject has for the first time found a place in our political dictionary\\nthe bacillus despoticus has been introduced into our government sys-\\ntem. Sigmund Zeisler.\\nPROF. J. LAWRENCE LAUGHLIN, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.\\n(Address at Chicago, August 5, 1899.)\\nA GREAT PRINCIPLE AT STAKE.\\nSome wise persons object to any public protest of this nature\\n(against expansion), because it may possibly be interpreted as giving\\naid and comfort to the enemy.\\nLet us look closer at this attitude and its consequences. If the\\nservants of the people in a short period of office may be left free to\\ninaugurate any new condition whatever and then claim freedom from\\ncriticism because the conditions of their own creation have placed\\nthem in a critical position, then there is an end to free government by\\nthe people.\\nThere is a great principle at stake here for which we ought to\\ncontend.\\nDo the sovereign people completely abdicate their sovereignty when\\nthey choose a public servant?\\nWhy should they not ci-y out in alarm at any surprising new depart-\\nure by their agents, especially when we are asked to express our opinion\\npublicly?\\nIf any particular public servant makes a specialty of listening, then\\nit should be our specialty to let Mm hear the voice of the people.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 419\\nCLARENCE M. DAKEOW.\\nORGANIZED LABOR OPPOSED TO EXPANSION.\\nIn the last six months I have personally talked with scores of the\\nleading representatives of organized labor. A laj ge number of these\\nmen regard this question as of the most vital interest, and, without\\ndissent, every one of them condemns the policy.\\nAmong the reasons why men interested in organized labor do not\\nbelieve in the present war are the following: They do not believe in\\nassassination or murder, either wholesale or retail.\\nAny body of men who is suflQciently enlightened and humane to\\nbelieve in labor organization understands something of the brother-\\nhood of man and knows that men have no cause to fight their fellow-\\nlaborers in any land on earth.\\nThe working people of this country do not believe in a standing\\narmy. They know that a large army is a menace to liberty.\\nThe workingmen are opposed to it because they are interested in\\nmany movements for the good of themselves and the common good of\\ntheir country, and they understand that the cry for blood, which always\\ncomes with war, entirely drives out every thought or consideration\\nfrom the minds of the people and that a war invariably postpones\\nindefinitely all reform or ameliorative movements.\\nThey are opposed to war because the strength of their cause rests\\nin the humane sentiments of the American people, in the recognition\\nof the principles of justice, honesty and humanity. All of these prin-\\nciples are forgotten and swept aside by the cry of war.\\nThey are opposed, to the war because they understand the vast\\nexpense that war entails.\\nThey know that it must be paid from the product of labor; that\\nwherever or whatever taxes are levied they must ultimately be taken\\nfrom the earnings of the laboringman.\\nLOUIS F. POST (Editor of The Public).\\nSINGLE-TAXERS OPPOSED TO IMPERIALISM.\\nIn my judgment the single-tax men and women are unanimously\\nopposed to imperialism. I know of only one in Chicago and of only\\ntwo in all the United States who favor it. There mav be others.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "420 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nMy acquaintance does not comprise all of Henry George s followers\\nby any means, but it is so extensive among them that I think I should\\nknow it if there were any serious difference of opinion on this subject.\\nMoreover, the very nature of the subject is such that a well-grounded\\nsingle-taxer instinctively must be opposed to imperialism.\\nIt is enough to observe that an attempt by the United States to\\nforce its authority upon the Filipinos under cover of a purchase from\\ntheir late tyrannical master, the Spanish Government, is in violation of\\nthe principle of self-government in its most obvious and most widely\\naccepted sense. Imperialism and the single-tax philosophy do not mix.\\nRESOLUTIONS OF THE NEW ENGLAND BRANCH OF THE\\nANTI-IMPERIALISTIC LEAGUE.\\n(These resolutions embody the plan of Prof. Francis E. Abbott, of\\nCambridge.)\\nResolved, That we repel with vigor the charge that anti-imperialists\\nare traitors and copperheads because they are loyal to the Declara-\\ntion of Independence; or, because they respect in others the liberty\\nwhich they maintain for themselves; or, because they deny the right\\nof one free people to claim sovereignty over another much less to\\nenforce that unjust claim by bloody and cruel war.\\nResolved, That in any democratic republic, anti-imnerialism is the\\nonly true patriotism, and that loyalty to the principles of our own great\\nDeclaration is the only true loyalty to the flag which represents those\\nprinciples.\\nResolved, That, in order to refute this slanderous but mischievous\\ncharge of disloyalty in the most dignified and effective way, and there-\\nby to undeceive thousands of honest voters who have been beguiled into\\nbelieving it by political tricksters, we urge every anti-imperialist at\\nonce to sign the following:\\nPATRIOT S PLEDGE.\\nTO DEPEND THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AT THE POLLS.\\nWe, the undersigned voters, pledge ourselves to each other and to\\nthe American people to subordinate all other political issues, in 1900,\\nto preservation of the free popular Government founded by Washington\\nand saved by Lincoln; to oppose at all costs the degradation of this\\ndemocratic republic into a military empire; and to cast our ballots in", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS. 421\\nfavor of only such party platform and candidates as shall be thoroughly\\nloyal to the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United\\nStates, and the equal rights of all mankind.\\nResolved, That we request the Executive Committee to use all pos-\\nsible means to obtain signatures to this patriots pledge before Congress\\nmeets or can be induced to sanction the President s policy of conquest\\nin the Philippine Islands.\\nSENATOR GEORGE F. HOAR.\\n(From a letter written to the Rev. J. B. Remensnyder, of Kew York,\\nNovember 14, 1899.)\\nTHE IMPERIALISTS ARE THE REAL, ENEMIES OF THE FLAG.\\nI am very much obliged to you for your kind and sympathetic letter,\\nand for the excellent statement of our duty to the American flag which\\nyou inclose.\\nCertainly the flag should never be lowered from any moral field over\\nwhich it has once waved. To follow the flag is to follow the principles\\nof freedom and humanity for which it stands.\\nTo claim that we must follow it when it stands for injustice or\\noppression is like claiming that we must take the nostrums of the\\nquack doctor who stamps it on his wares, or follow every scheme of\\nwickedness or fraud, if only the flag be put at the head of the prospectus.\\nThe American flag is in more danger from the imperialists than\\nthere would be if the whole of Christendom were to combine its power\\nagainst it. Foreign violence at its worst could only rend it. But these\\nmen are trying to stain it.\\nAs to the publication of my Philippine article, I am no good judge\\nof its value, and could not undertake to suggest to other people what\\nthey shall do with it. It is at anybody s service for any use which may\\ndo good.\\nEWING WINSLOW TO PRESIDENT McKINLEY.\\nOn November 30th, 1S99, Ewing Winslow sent the following\\nthanksgiving greeting to the President:\\nLovers of liberty, who would rather be the hunted patriot than the\\nblood-guilty usurper to-day, will nevertheless use it to pray that he,\\nwho has given America her first thanksgiving of shame, may be brought\\nto repentance and a better mind.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "422 ANTI-EXPANSION SENTIMENTS.\\nGENERAL W. B. SHATTUC AND EDWARD ATKINSON.\\n(Correspondence between them.)\\nGeneral Shattuc bejjan the correspondence and contest by objecting\\nto Mr. Atkinson sending unclean and disloyal publications to Gen-\\neral Shattuc s home. Mr. Atkinson in returu threatened to make a\\npersonal fight against General Shattuc in the First Ohio congressional\\ndistrict. The result has been that Shattuc has made more friends than\\nhe ever did before in his life by his patriotic stand. On September 19\\nhe sent Mr. Atkinson the warmest letter of the whole lot, in answer\\nto a brief letter from the Boston man. Atkinson s letter and Shattuc s\\nanswer follow:\\nBOSTON, Mass., Sept. 14, 1899.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 W. D. Shattuc, M. C, Cincinnati-\\nDear Sir: Yours of the 13th has been received too late to be included in\\nmy special edition of No. 5, addressed To the Voters of the First Ohio\\nDistrict, and Others, which will be in circulation next week. Have\\ntaken your advice in making an early beginning in securing a change in\\nthe representation from that district. The document is already going\\nthrough the press. Yours very truly, EDWARD ATKINSON.\\nCINCINNATI, Ohio, Sept. 19.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Edward Atkinson, President Anti-\\nImperialist League, Boston, Mass. Dear Sir: Replying to your letter\\nof the 14th inst., I thought I could start your rebel press in a hurry. I\\nwas quite sure you would not want to print a pen picture of yourself,\\ntrue to life, in one of your own publications. I observe that you are less\\nfrisky, less demonstrative in your last letter than you were when you\\ncommenced this correspondence. I had an idea when you sent me your\\nfirst egotistical, patronizing letter that you might possibly discover your\\nmistake before you got through with the correspondence.\\nYou say in your letter of the 6th inst. that I should not use bad lan-\\nguage. My language expresses my sentiments. Any language\\nthat stands for patriotism, love of country, and loyalty to same is bad\\nlanguage to you. Any language that breathes the spirit of secession,\\nsedition and treason is approveil by you.\\nNow, let me call your attention to the fact that my language has\\nnot been prohibited by this government from passing through the mails.\\nYour language has been so prohibited. It was prohibited, too, be-\\ncause it was treasonable, seditious, and disloyal. An revoir,\\nW. B. SHATTUC.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXVIII.\\nCONFERENCE AND OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nPROF. JOHN B. CLARK, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK.\\nTRUSTS MAY BECOME POPULAR.\\nThe whole great economy that consolidation insures may be made\\nto inure to the benefit of the public if only potential competition does\\nIts normal work. Trusts with the element of true monopoly taken out\\nof them might become as popular as they are now unpopular. They\\nmight give to the country in which they should be most numerous a\\ndecisive advantage in the struggle for the trade of the world.\\nWhat would the total extinction of trusts mean?\\nIt would mean security bought at the cost of wasteful production.\\nWhat would the full development of trusts unchecked by poten-\\ntial competition mean?\\nIt would mean a perverted distribution, with extortionate profits for\\na few and burdens for many. It would mean a state from which many\\na man to whom the picture of state socialism is now a terrifying specter\\nwould even begin to turn to socialism itself as the more tolerable system.\\nTrusts are largely checked by potential competition, and may be\\nchecked far more efficiently than they now are. The type of lawmaking\\nthat promises to secure this end is as yet unknown to the practical\\nworld.\\nThe principle on which it rests is an old and fundamental principle\\nof common law.\\nMonopolies are against public interest, and trusts must not survive\\nif that means retaining the monopolistic power. Courts acting under\\ncommon law have done a little in enforcing this principle, and statutes\\nmay help them. Statutes well enforced may greatly help them.\\nWhat should the statutes be?\\nHere I shall encounter objection and dissent. The evil power of a\\ntrust rests almost on its power to make discriminating prices. It can\\ndo many things that are evil; but it could do almost none of them if\\nit were forced to treat all its customers alike.\\n42.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "424 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nAt present, trusts can make ruinously low prices in one small area,\\nwhere some competitor is operating, while sustaining itself by profits\\nmade in twenty other areas where it has a full possession of the market.\\nIf it were under the single necessity of making one price for all\\nbuyers it would ruin itself by any attempt to compete in the cut-throat\\nway as quickly as it could ruin a competitor.\\nHENRY WHITE, OF NEW YORK.\\n(General Secretary of the United Garment Workers of America.)\\nTHE UNIONS WILL DEMAND CONSIDERATION.\\nOn this serious problem, Where does labor stand? I have been\\ninvited to speak from the standpoint of the wage-earners, or rather the\\norganized portion of them, for the unorganized have no voice, and,\\nlike the man with the hoe, have always been mute. The attitude of\\nthe trade unions toward the great industrial corporations depends alto-\\ngether upon their attitude toward the unions.\\nThe organized workingmen, while thoy may disagree somewhat on\\nthe general question, agree on this, that improved means of protection\\nis of more consequence to them than improved methods of production.\\nTo have some say as to the terms of employment is what is wanted.\\nEven though the trust may concede higher wages and shorter hours,\\nit is the recognition of the right to make terms through the agency of\\nthe union that concerns them most.\\nEmployers will often voluntarily grant concessions as the means of\\noffsetting the demand for recognition, knowing that such recognition\\nwould enable the men to deal with the employer more like an equal.\\nWill it be the policy of these corporations to recognize the function\\nwhich organized labor fulfills in society and treat with them as such,\\nor will they deny to the workers advantages which they themselves\\nenjoy?\\nWill they insist upon ignoring the necessity of workingmen acting\\nin gi oups in view of the impossibility of the individual making satis-\\nfactory terms of employment in a great factory where uniform condi-\\ntions are determine l by the management?\\nWhat will the policy be toward united labor when the trusts are\\nmore fully established? Will the unions not have to meet a more un-\\nyielding foe? That is the question which a million organized mechanics\\nare asking, and an assuring answer cannot be given by words alone.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 425\\nIt might be said that necessity would stimulate and strengthen the\\nmovement of the workers. No doubt it will, because years of struggle\\nand sacrifice made for economic independence have trained and nerved\\nthe American toiler for a greater trial, and the test must soon come,\\nfor the organizations on the other side are proceeding at such a pace\\nthat labor will have to make great strides to catch up. To meet one\\nsingle employer who speaks for the entire trade is quite different than\\ncoping with one who represents himself alone.\\nThe trust managers have magnificent opportunities. Will they avail\\nthemselves of them? Will they show the necessary large-mindedness?\\nJudging by our knowledge of human nature, which we know has not\\nchanged perceptibly for a thousand years under varying conditions, we\\nhave cause to possess grave doubts as to whether they will. But the\\nAmerican people have never failed to successfully meet a great issue\\nwhen once they grapple with it.\\nIn the lowering clouds of social strife there is welcome light. The\\nmere fact of such a gathering gives us hope that the age of reason is\\ndawning, and when men reason every thing is possible.\\nHON. W\\\\ D. FOULKE, OF INDIANA.\\nQUESTION OF TRUSTS PARAMOUNT.\\nThis question, ladies and gentlemen, dwarfs into insignificance all\\nother issues at the present time, not only in our country, but throughout\\nthe world. When Dreyfus shall have been forgotten, when the war of\\nthe Philippines shall be regarded as only an incident in history, when\\nmen shall cease to talk either of the tariff or the currency, the present\\ntime may well be regarded by future generations as the crucial time\\nin our industrial life.\\nThose that have been suffering from competition have resolved them-\\nselves into combinations for two purposes. First, to save expenses\\nwhich competition involves. That is the first and necessary purpose.\\nSecondly, also to control, if possible, the market, and get a larger profit.\\nThe first proposition is a wise one. Society justifies the curtailment\\nof expenses as much as possible; the second, however, the suppression\\nof competition, gives them the power of monopoly, a power which may\\nbe used for the purpose not simply of meeting rivals and competitors,\\nbut may be used for the displacement of labor, and may be used to the\\ninjury of the entire purchasing public.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "426 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nThat is the first great evil of monopoly.\\nThe difficulty that has been spoken of by one of the members of this\\nconference, who represented the commercial travelers, is a serious one\\nthe displacement of the large amount of labor. Yet that is the same\\ntrouble which has come in with every labor-saving machine. The work\\nof the world is sufficient to employ all hands finally.\\nThese great corporations are now seeking the avenues to political\\npower. They are now seeking to enhance their fortunes, in the words\\nof Judge David Davis, often by purchasing legislatures and by corrupt-\\ning officials.\\nThe most efficient way of stopping the evil of the trusts is not to be\\nfound in the legislation which seeks to annihilate and extinguish them\\naltogether. One kind of monopoly may be as dangerous as another.\\nThe same condition that exists in the sugar industry is the ideal to\\nwhich all other industries seem to be tending, and the result will be to\\nreach the practical ideal which has been realized by the sugar trust,\\nthat is controlling practically the prices of all the output of the country.\\nWhat has been done in the past may be done in the future. What,\\nthen, will be the result? As the nations of the world have been grow-\\ning fewer and fewer, yet stronger and stronger, until we can say to-day\\nthat four or five of the greatest of them control all the future destinies\\nof the world, so the industries of our country grow greater and greater,\\nembracing a larger and larger area, tending to absorb our entire indus-\\ntrial life.\\nAll I want to say in conclusion is that there is a method that may\\nbe found to control the direction of these corporations, but who shall\\ninvoke that which shall charm the leviathan of the sea and conduct\\nhim into the still waters of virtue and benevolence?\\nWhether we find that or not whether we will or no this movement\\nwill go on, and for the most part all we can do is to stand by and see the\\nsalvation of the Lord. It will not be the first instance in history nor the\\ndevelopment of mankind where agencies that threatened ruin and\\ndestruction were afterward found to be the ministers of blessing and\\nprosperity.\\nLOUIS F. POST, OF THE NATIONAL SINGLE-TAX LEAGUE,\\nGIVES THE SINGLE-TAX VIEW.\\nTHE TRUSTS REST UPON MONOPOLY.\\nThe real trusts rest upon monopoly. The trust question is at the\\nbottom of the monopoly question. Trusts are buttressed by protection", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "GEORGE W. ATKINSON\\nGovernor of West Virginia\\nA. POYNTER\\nGovernor of Nebraska\\nHAZEN S. PINGREE\\nGovernor of Michigan\\nW. E. STANLEY\\nGovernor of Kansas\\nStatesmen who took part in Trust Conference, September, 1899, at Chicago\\nEDWARD SCOFIELD\\nGovernor of Wisconsin", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "OFKICERS OF CONFERENCE ON TRUSTS, Chicago, Sept. l:i to lu 1S99\\nDUDLEY G. WOOTEN\\nFirst Vice-chairman\\nFRANKLIN H HEAD\\nTemporary Chairman\\nSTEPHEN P CORLISS\\nThird Vice-Chairnian\\nHENRY V. JOHNSON\\nSecond Vice-Chairman\\nWILLIAM WIRT HOWE\\nPermanent Chairman\\nRALPH M. EASLEY\\nSecretary", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 437\\nor have direct special privileges, like railways, or peculiar land ad-\\nvantages.\\nIn the last analysis trusts cannot be perpetuated unless they come\\nto own the natural sources of supply and distribution the land. Like\\nAntiBus, they must have their feet upon the ground, and it is only by\\nforcing their feet off the ground that we can destroy them.\\nAbolish the tariff, abolish all monopolies that can be abolished, take\\npublic highways for public use and collect from land-owner.s the annual\\nvalue of their special advantages do that, and you put an end to the\\ntrust. You cannot do it in any other way.\\nM. L. LOCKWOOD.\\n(President of the American Anti-Trust League.)\\nMANY MEN ARE MONEY MEN.\\nTo-day we have men with fine-spiin theories telling us that trusts and\\nmonopolies can lop off here and lop off there and make more money,\\niloney everything! Man nothing! My friends, they have gone money\\nmad.\\nWe are confronted to-day by two great forces property rights and\\nhuman rights. If the Standard Oil Trust could be secure in the mon-\\nopoly it now has it could well afford to pay the Government |30,000,000\\nannually for the privilege.\\nA gentleman upon this floor tells an American audience that Russia\\nhad put a protective tax of |2 a barrel on oil to keep American oil from\\ndriving the Russian oil out of Russian markets, and in the very next\\nmoment he tells us that if it had not been for the organizing genius of\\nthe Standard Oil company people that Russian oil would have flooded\\nthe American markets and dried up the American oil wells and shut\\ndown American refineries. Now that is spreading it on pretty thick-\\nthicker than I have been used to, and I have been used to a great deal.\\nThe gentleman would have us believe that the Standard Oil com-\\npany has a monopoly of the brain and business capacity of America,\\nbut I want to tell the gentleman and you that if it had not been for\\ni-ailway rebates and discriminations that there would never have been\\na Standard Oil trust monopoly.\\nI want to say to the gentleman and to you, that if he will re-establish\\nand maintain equal rates over the railways of America, that in spite\\n28", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "428 OPINIONS OX TRUSTS.\\nof this legitimate evolution of business we hear so much about, the\\nenergy, enterprise, courage and business capacity of the American\\npeople will drive the Standard Oil company, with its extravagant\\nmethods, into a secondary position in the oil tx*ade of America in less\\nthan ten years.\\nOh, but they say that would be waste, that that wouldn t be evolu-\\ntion of business; that that would be competition; but I want to say\\nto you, my friends, that competition is a good thing for the people and\\na bad thing for monopoly.\\nTHOMAS J. JIORGAN, CHICAGO SOCIALIST.\\nSOCIALISTS SEE THE END OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM.\\nWe see from the socialistic view, not the special interest of this or\\nthat trade, of this or that nation, of this or that particular race, but we\\nsee the interest of the whole human race as it is involved in the develop-\\nment of modern industry and modern commerce.\\nThe socialist sees the end of the feudal system. He sees the domina-\\ntion of the landed aristocracy destroyed and the rising importance of\\nthe new manufacturing and business interests; we see the employer\\nand the merchant stepping into the imperial parliaments and taking\\ncharge of the guide of the nations.\\nWe see, following the employer, a partnership; following the part-\\nnership we find a corporation; and following the corporation in its\\nlogical order we see the introduction of the trusts.\\nWe welcome the appearance of the trust as one of the natural and\\ninevitable products of our industrial and commercial system.\\nThe trust is the legitimate child of capital, and if it were not for the\\nseriousness of the problem we should be more than amused at the efforts\\nthat are made to check the growth and to kill this offspring that is made\\nby those that produce.\\nThe fetich of private property in the mines, in the oil, in the forests\\nand in the fields, and everywhere else, is the bane of civilization; is the\\nillusion of civilization, and must be wiped out of the intellect. We\\nsocialists rejoice that the trust has come to show you the logical\\nsequence of the ownership and control of what is now known as private\\nproperty, and the resources of the earth.\\nAll you business men and members of the great middle class have\\nto make up your minds that the private property of this great country,", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 429\\nand others like it, will be organized into trusts until there will be one\\ntrust and you will not be in it.\\nYou can send bands of music to your legislatures; you can pass reso-\\nlutions; you can hold your demonstrations everywhere, but the concen-\\ntration of private property, the right of man to own all he can get, and\\nhold all he gets, will go on with irresistible force so long as the prin-\\nciple of private property in the things by which we live is maintained\\nby you men.\\nEDWARD KEASLEY, OF NEW JERSEY.\\nDANGER EXAGGERATED.\\nThe danger to be met is that the trusts shall become too powerful,\\ncontrol too much and prevent all competition. I don t think that can\\nbe prevented by law. I think that we exaggerate the danger of the\\nability of want of competition to put up prices. I have waited all\\nthrough this discussion to hear any proof of this fact, and we must\\nremember that the burden of proof of this discussion is on those who\\nassert that these trusts must be legislated against.\\nThere is a remedy which we ought to try at once, and that is in the\\nfirst place to make the trusts disclose to the public what the capital\\nstock of the company is made up of, and not to allow the fraudulent\\ninflation of stock.\\nLet their capital stock represent not exactly their property in the\\nbusiness but what they can earn a dividend on. It is not necessary it\\nshould be actual property. Let every company be compelled to file in\\nits own office the actual contract for which its capital stock is issued\\nand let every stockholder and every member of the i ublic, if you please,\\nhave a copy of this on payment of ten cents.\\nThat is the plan that is followed in England, where great combin-\\nations of capital have been effected, and they have not had the outcry\\nthere against trusts that we are having here.\\nPROF. EDWARD W. BEMIS, OF NEW YORK.\\nTRUSTS ACCEPT SOCIALIST VIEW.\\nOne of the greatest criticisms of the competitive system is the waste\\ninvolved, for example, in the journey through the same street of a dozen\\ndifferent mill carts or ice wagons, stopping at as many different houses.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "430 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nThe manaj^er of the trust, adoptinsj iinoonscioiisly this socialist view\\nof the matter, fauiilianzes us with the arguments as to the advantages\\nof combination. We ai*e then face to face with our problem, given on\\nthe one hand a new form of organization, which has in it vast possi-\\nbilities of social economy and advantage, but on the other hand is now\\nbeing selfishly used to work great social harm. What shall he do\\nabout it?\\nWe may leave the entire matter alone, in the belief that many of\\nthese trusts will soon go to pieces.\\nWe may favor the solution which is attracting some attention in\\nEngland, where, if I understand the matter aright, the trust of capital\\nallies itself with a strong labor combination, and the two together agree\\nto rob the consumer of all they can, the monopoly profits to be divided\\nin the proportion of two parts to capital to one for labor.\\nWe may smash the trust, or endeavor to do so.\\nIn some respects the trade union resembles the trust, since it seeks\\nto secure a monopoly of the labor market, and in order to secure it\\nadopts many trust methods, such as refusal to deal with rivals who will\\nnot surrender to it.\\nA more hopeful attack upon the abuses of the trusts consists of the\\nremoval of tariffs upon such products as congress shall decide to be of\\ntrust maJie.\\nThe notorious and widespread granting of secret rebates and other\\nprivileges by I ailroads to large shippers, and particularly to trusts and\\ncombinations, must be checked in the most summary and speedy\\nmanner.\\nThe conference has been several times invited to consider direct pub-\\nlic regulation of the trust. This will require, in a large measure, pre-\\nliminary constitutional changes, so as to give more opportunity than\\nwe now have for national regulation of industries that, through their\\nwide area of operations, are superior to state control.\\nEDWARD KOSEWATER.\\nTHE TRUST A NATURAL OUTGROWTH.\\nWe are confronted by grave problems generated by the industrial\\nrevolution of the nineteenth century. The trust is but the outgrowth\\nof natural conditions. The trend of modern civilization is toward\\ncentralization and concentration.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN\\nCHARLES FOSTER\\nNoted Politicians-\\nW. DOURKE COCKRAN\\nHENRY W. BLAIR\\n-Anti-Trust", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "SAMUEL GOMPERS T. B. WALKER\\nEDWARD Q. KEASBEY M. M. GARLAND\\nU. M. ROSE LEO WEIL\\nMEN OF AFFAIRS ON TRUSTS", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 431\\nThis tendency is strikingly exhibited in the congestion of popula-\\ntion in large cities, the building of mammoth hotels, tenement blocks,\\nsky scraper office buildings, the department store and colossal manu-\\nfacturing plants. The monopolistic combination of corporate capital\\nknown as trusts have their origin in overproduction and ruinous com-\\npetition.\\nHonestly capitalized and managed, with due regard for the well-\\nbeing of their employes, and operated economically for the benefit of\\nconsumers of their product, these concerns are harmless. Within the\\npast decade the trusts have, however, for the most part, degenerated\\ninto combinations for stock jobbing.\\nNearly every trust recently organized had its incentive in the in-e-\\nsistible temptation held out by the professional promoter to capitalize\\ncompeting plants at from five to ten times their actual value.\\nThis fictitious capitalization constitutes the most dangerous ele-\\nment of the modern trust. In nearly every instance overcapitalization\\nbecomes the basis for raising the price of trust products, and invariably\\nlays the foundation for bank failures, panics and the ills that follow in\\ntheir train.\\nThe imperative duty of this conference is to devise measures that\\nwill make the trusts harmless. With this end in view, it should\\nrecommend\\n1. The creation by act of congress of a bureau of supervision and\\ncontrol of corporations engaged in interstate commerce with powei-s\\nfor its relief similar to those exercised by the comptroller of the cur-\\nrency over national banks.\\n2. Legislation to enforce such publicity as will effectually prevent\\ndishonest methods of accounting and restrict traffic and competition\\nwithin legitimate channels.\\n3. The abrogation of all patents and copyrights held by trusts\\nwhenever the fact is established before a judicial tribunal that any\\nbranch of industry has been monopolized by the holders of such patents\\nor copyrights.\\n4. The enactment by congress of a law that will compel evei-y cor-\\nporation engaged in interstate commerce to operate under a national\\ncharter that shall be abrogated whenever such corporation violates its\\nprovisions.\\n5. The creation of an interstate commerce court, with exclusive\\njurisdiction in all cases arising out of the violation of interstate com-\\nmerce laws.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "432 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\n6. In order that the constitutional limitations and decisions of\\nthe Supreme Court of the United States relative to the jiower of con-\\ngress to regulate and control trusts may be overcome, the conference\\nshould recommend the revision of the Constitution of the United States\\nby a constitutional convention to be called by two-thirds of the states\\nat the earliest possible date, as provided for by article 5 of the federal\\nConstitution.\\nWhile the trusts might be reached by a single amendment to the\\nConstitution, I doubt very much whether anything could be gained by\\nsuch patchwork, since the Constitution contains many other provisions\\nthat would constitute a bar in effecting enforcement of the interstate\\ncommerce law. The mode of procedure for securing a single amend-\\nment is, if anything, more cumbersome, and ratification thereof more\\ndifficult to push than would be a complete revision of the organic law\\nof the land.\\nIf you will examine the Constitution you will see that it lies within\\nthe power of the States to call a national constitutional convention\\nwhenever two-thirds have concurred in such call, whereas the ordinary\\namendment requires the concurrence of two-thirds of each of the houses\\nof congress, which is very difficult to procure in view of the tremendous\\ninfluence exercised over the senate by the confederated corporations.\\nSAMUEL GOMPEKS, OF THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF\\nLABOR.\\nCOMBINATIONS OF CAPITAL WILL, GROW.\\nPerhaps the greatest sufferers from the wrongs which the combina-\\ntions have done society have been the wage-earners, but in spite of this\\nfact we do not close our eyes to actual facts and conditions or join in\\nthe general howl simply for the purpose of howling.\\nThe cry is now by a large number of our people for uutrammeled\\ncompetition, and the old cry which was turned against the organized\\nefforts of the workers for improved conditions is turning against the\\ncombinations of capital.\\nThey grow and will grow, and I have no hesitation in saying that\\nthe organization of industry upon a higher and more scientific basis\\nwill continue.\\nIf ])nces have been raised the combinations of capital have always\\nbeen held responsible. If prices have fallen when combinations of", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 433\\ncapital exist it is arguetl that they would have fallen still lower if the\\nindividual concern had existed.\\nBe this as it may, this proposition cannot be disputed, that prices\\ncontinually tend downward. On the other hand, the tendency of\\nvrages, in spite of all declarations of the pessimists and the enemies of\\norganized labor, is upward, due solely to the organized effort of the\\nwage-earner.\\nIt has been said that organized labor is a trust, and I want to say\\nin connection with this that to our minds that is an absolute misnomer.\\nOrganized labor throws open its doors to all who work for wages,\\nand asks them to come in and share in the benefits. We try to prevent\\nby all means within our power anyone from leaving or getting outside\\nof the union.\\nYou cannot break into a trust.\\nAnd for this reason I want to say that any legislation proposed by\\nthis conference or by any legislature or by congress which does not\\neliminate or specially exempt organized labor from the operations of\\nthe law will meet the unquestioned opposition of all the labor forces of\\nour country.\\nI believe we can tax the corporations; we can tax franchises; we\\ncan advocate and have municipal and common ownership of public\\nutilities.\\nIn the midst of greater concentrations of wealth and the vast devel-\\nopment of industry, it behooves the workers more ceaselessly than\\never to devote their energies to organized labor and to counteract the\\neffect which otherwise their helpless and unprotected condition would\\nhave put upon them. Organized and alert, the workers cannot fail\\nto lighten toil, shorten hours and lengthen life by constant and per-\\nsistent effort, and make the world better for our having lived in it.\\nM. M. GARLAND,\\n(Ex-President of the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin\\nWorkers.)\\nTHE TRUST QUESTION AN OLD ONE.\\nThe whole life of the man employed in the iron and steel rolling-\\nmills must, from the very nature of his labor, be practical.\\nThe trust question is an old one. It has been the instigator of much", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "434 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nattempted legislation and has formed the target for campaign speakers\\nin almost every kind of elections.\\nWhen the iron and steel worker became convinced that the vast\\nindustrial pursuits of the world were becoming centralized under the\\ncontrol of a comparatively small portion of mankind he realized that\\nto secure for himself an equivalent for his labor sufficient to maintain\\nhim in comparative independence and respectability it was absolutely\\ncompulsory that he form a combination with his fellow workers to con-\\ntrol, as far as possible, wages and fair treatment.\\nThis organization was immediately termed a trust by many, but the\\nfair mind cannot consider the open trade union as such under the gen-\\neral acceptance of the term.\\nBut in deference to a number of decisions by eminent judges in the\\nseveral States and the decision of an Attorney-General of the United\\nStates, all of which declare us at least amenable to whatever penalties\\nwould occur to trusts violating the statute of present enacted anti-\\ntrust legislation, to that extent we are compelled to accept the onus.\\nBut it is the recent rush of corporations doing business in the same\\nline of manufacture or interest into one or more immense corporate\\ncombinations, usually termed trusts, that has challenged widespread\\ncomment and occasioned the discussion of the question by this con-\\nference. No corporation desires to lose its identity, and there can be\\nno doubt that much of this in the iron and steel industry has been\\ncaused by the same element that forced the workmen to organize\\nthat of self-preservation.\\nThe corporation of many years standing had grown with the in-\\ncreased uses of iron and steel until, in some branches of the trade, sev-\\neral firms were more powerful and beld more assets, each one in them-\\nselves, than any of the trusts that have yet been formed in the same\\nline of business.\\nWe have passed the point where corporations in iron and steel were\\nof great moment whose capitalization was limited to thousands or hun-\\ndreds of thousands of dollars, and we have entered the era of millions\\nand hundreds of millions of dollars capitalization.\\nThat this new form of trust will bring, voluntarily, any new virtues\\nto the business world is a doubtful question. They are organized to\\nmake money, and will certainly attempt to operate to that end, but\\nthey have awaJiened powerful watchers in the interests of the great\\nmass of common people, and in this country the privileges and interests\\nof the majority of the people cannot long be trampled on.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 435\\nThe action of the trusts within themselves will soon decide whether\\nthey are to be tolerated as useful members to the nation s household\\nor whether the show of hands raised against them will relegate them to\\noblivion.\\nGOVERNOR H. S. PINGREE, OF MICHIGAN.\\nTHE EFFECT OF TRUSTS UPON OUR NATIONAL LIFE AND CITIZENSHIP.\\nThe trust is the forerunner, or rather the creator of industrial\\nslavery.\\nIn all that has been said about trusts scarcely a word has been\\nwritten or spoken from the standpoint of their effect on society. In\\ngathering material for the use of this conference the Civic Federation\\nsent out circulars containing, in all, sixty-nine questions. Those in-\\nquiries were addressed to trusts, wholesale dealers, commercial travel-\\ners organizations, railroads, labor associations, contractors, manufac-\\nturers, economists, financiers, and public men.\\nOnly one of these sixty-nine questions related in any way to the effect\\nof trusts upon society. I think that this is the most important con-\\nsideration of all.\\nEverybody has been asking whether more money can be made by\\ntrusts than by small corporations and individuals whether cost of\\nproduction will be increased or decreased; whether investors will be\\nbenefited or injured; whether the financial system of the country will\\nbe endangered; whether we can better compete for the world s trade\\nwith large combinations or trusts.; whether prices will be raised or\\nlowered; whether men will be thrown out of employment; whether\\nwages will be higher or lower; whether stricter economy can be en-\\nforced, and so on.\\nIn other words, the only idea nowadays seems to be to find out how\\nbusiness or commerce will be affected by trusts. The almighty dollar\\nis the sole consideration.\\nI believe that all these things are minor considerations. I think\\nit is of far greater importance to inquire whether the control of the\\nworld s trade, or any of the other commercial advantages claimed for\\nthe trusts, are worth the price we pay for them.\\nWill it pay us, either as individuals or as a nation, to encourage\\ntrusts?\\nInstead of discussing the question from the standpoint of commer-\\ncial gain, let us view it as patriots. I believe that a conference of this", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "436 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nkind should not attempt to judge a question so important to our na-\\ntional welfare as this by the selfish standard of commercial greed. I\\nthink that loftier motives should rule us in this discussion.\\nIn this republic of ours we are fond of saying that there are no\\nclasses. In fact, we boast of it. We say that classes belong to mon-\\narchies, not to republics.\\nNevertheless none of us can dispute the fact that our society is\\ndivided into classes, and well-defined ones, too. They are not distin-\\nguished by differences of social standing. That is, we have no aristo-\\ncratic titles, no nobility. The distinction with us is based upon wealth.\\nThe man is rated by the property he owns. Our social and political\\nleaders and speakers deny this. In doing so, however, they ignore actual\\nconditions. They discuss what ought to be under our form of govern-\\nment not what is.\\nThe strength of our republic has always been in what is called our\\nmiddle class. This is made up of manufacturers, jobbers, middlemen,\\nretail and wholesale merchants, commercial travelers and business men\\ngenerally. It would be little short of calamity to encourage any indus-\\ntrial development that would affect unfavorably this important class\\nof our citizens.\\nClose to them, as a strong element of our people, are the skilled\\nmechanics and artisans. They are the sinew and strength of the nation.\\nWhile the business of the country has been conducted by persons\\nand firms, the skilled employe has held close and sympathetic relations\\nwith his employer. He has beea something more than a. mere machine.\\nHe has felt the stimulus and amibition which goes with equality of\\nopportunity. These have contributetl to make him a good citizen.\\nTake away that stimulus and ambition and we lower the standard of\\nour citizenship. Without good citizenship our national life is in danger.\\nIt seems to me, therefore, that the vital consideration connected with\\nthis problem of the trust is its effect upon our middle class the inde-\\npendent individual business, man and the skilled artisan and mechanic.\\nHow does the trust affect them? It is admitted by the apologist for the\\ntrust that it makes it impossible for the individual or firm to do busi-\\nness on a small scale. It tends to concentrate the ownership and man-\\nagement of all lines of business activity into the hands of a very few.\\nNo one denies this.\\nA very select few may become heads of trusts, but such opportuni-\\nties will be rare indeed. They will, therefore, be entirely useless as\\nincentives to the ambition of the army of those employed by the trusts.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 437\\nAs a result of the ceaseless and heartless grind of the trusts in the\\nalmost insane desire to control trade, ambition and perhaps inventive\\ngenius will be deadened and killed.\\nThe trust is therefore the forerunner, or rather the creator, of indus-\\ntrial slavery. The master is the trust manager or director. It is his\\nduty to serve the soulless and nameless being called the stockholder.\\nTo the latter the dividend is more important than the happiness or the\\nprosperity of any one.\\nThe slave is the former merchant and business man and the artisan\\nand mechanic, who once cherished the hope that they might some time\\nreach the happy position of independent ownership of a business.\\nCommercial feudalism is the logical outcome of the trust. The trust\\nmanager is the feudal baron.\\nThese may perhaps be harsh characterizations, but who can deny\\ntheir truth? Honesty to ourselves and loyalty to our country and its\\nfree institutions compel us to face and recognize the situation.\\nWe cannot be true to our republic by ignoring these things. We\\ncannot be honest to the people, either at this conference or in our legis-\\nlative assemblies, by confining our deliberations to the commercial\\nadvantages and disadvantages of the trust.\\nIt is better to be forever poor, but independent and happy as indi-\\nviduals, than to lay the foundations for industrial tyranny and slavery.\\nPersonal liberty is rather to be chosen than great riches. Equality of\\nopportunity to all men is better than the control of the world s trade.\\nThe effect of the trust upon our national life and our citizenship will\\nnot be sudden, perhaps. It will rather be a silent and gradual change.\\nIt may not be observed at once, but its influence will nevertheless be\\nfelt.\\nThe warning with which the history of the decadence and downfall\\nof other nations furnishes us may not be heeded now. If not, we may\\npay the usual penalty of slavery to commercial avarice and greed.\\nIncrease of the wealth of the country is greatly to be desired, but\\nif the people are to be degraded to industrial slavery, wealth under\\nsuch conditions is a curse. If our independent and intelligent business\\nmen and artisans are to be crowded out of existence as a class by the\\ntrust, there is no remedy too drastic for the trust.\\nSome may think it too early to sound a note of warmng of this kind,\\nbut the time to check an evil tendency is when it first shows itself.\\nWe have given the private corporation too much rope. Some say\\ngive it more rope and it will hang itself. In other words, they claim", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "438 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nthat the trust problem, if left alone, will work out its own solution.\\nI do not believe in such a policy. There is too much at stake. The\\nmost importajit element of our citizenship is in the balance. TVe cannot\\nafford to sap the strength of our democracy in order to forward an\\nexperiment.\\nI favor complete and prompt annihilation of the trust with due\\nregard for property rights, of course.\\nI care more for the independence and manliness of the American\\ncitizen than for all the gold or silver in the world. It is better to cher-\\nish the happiness of the American home than to control the commerce\\nof the globe.\\nThe degrading process of the trust means much to the future of a\\nrepublic founded upon democratic principles A democratic republic\\ncannot survive the disappearance of a democratic population.\\nHON. CHARLES W. FOSTER.\\nTRUSTS HAVE COME TO STAY.\\nGovernor Pingree was followed by Hon. Charles W. Foster, of Ohio,\\nwho said in part:\\nThe gentleman from Texas yesterday stated that his State had no\\nindustrial development, that it sold raw material and bought its sup-\\nplies, as the reason for its fierce opposition to trusts. He also por-\\ntrayed, as did the gentleman from Michigan before me, the superiority\\nof manhood over money.\\nIt strikes me that if the Texas people had sufficient enterprise to\\nestablish industries, to consume their cotton, wool and other raw mate-\\nrial, their manhood would not deteriorate, their opposition to trusts\\nwould be less vehement, and they would have more money.\\nThe evolution in business from the individual to the partnership,\\nand from the partnership to the corporation, was no more natural and\\nnecessary than is the evolution from the corporation to the trust. Let\\nus look the situation squarely in the face. Denounce it as we may, it\\nhas come to stay. Why? Because the gigantic business operations\\nof the present and future cannot be carried on without it.\\nP. E. DOWE, PRESIDENT OF THE COMMERCIAL TRAVELERS\\nNATIONAL LEAGUE.\\nCOMMERCIAL TRAVELERS OPPOSED TO TRUSTS.\\nCommercial travelers are opposed to trusts, both from policy and\\nfrom principle, and consider them detrimental and demoralizing detri-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "440 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nmental as menacing the possession and enjoyment by the people of those\\nrights to life, libeity and the pursuit of happiness and equal privileges\\nand possibilities in the application of individual enterprises and experi-\\nence; demoralizing as presenting un-American conditions, imitation of\\nEnglish business methods, as offering evidences of rascality and cor-\\nruption.\\nAt my suggestion the American Anti-Trust League has begun a\\nwork of statistical investigation. It proposes to show by authentic data\\nthat while the cost of living has increased within the last two years at\\nan average of between 12 and 16 per cent, wages have been advanced\\nless than 3 per cent; and that wages to-day are lower than in 1S05.\\nI have a list showing advances in the prices due to the direct or\\nindirect influence of trusts of about 150 commodities, the- advances rang-\\ning from 5 to 500 per cent. The list was obtained by representatives of\\nthe Anti-Trust league applying to manufacturers and dealers for infor-\\nmation and making daily reports. Nearly 500 establishments were\\nvisited. The list is sworn to. Ordiuaj*y shovels doubled in wholesale\\nprice and snow shovels advanced 145 per cent, iron 85 to 130 per cent,\\ncoal 50 cents a ton wholesale, gasoline -1 cents a gallon, shoes for the\\nworkingmcn 15 to 50 cents per pair, etc.\\nOver 90 percent of 100 hotels interviewed claim a falling off of trav-\\neling men by 10 to 50 per cent during the last year, which in most\\ninstances they attribute to the effetts of trusts and combinations.\\nThe amount* of the common and preferred stocks of all the listed\\ntrasts, and inclusive of their bonded indebtedness, is the vast total of\\n^8.000,000,000 in round figures. This statement is made upon most\\nreliable authorities.\\nA well-known statistician stated that the intrinsic valuation in the\\naggregate of all the trusts is about $2,000,000,000, a four to one ratio\\nfor stock-jobbing manipulation.\\nPrevious to 1S95 nearly 000 trusts were projected, and to include a\\ngreat variety of commodities; several of these trade combinations failed\\nto materialize, some disintegrated; but the processes for the centraliza-\\ntion of capital and power continuetl, combination and recombination\\ngoing on until in March last there were between 350 and 3()0 combines,\\nyet their capitalization was billions more than the capitalization of the\\n600 trusts of lS9i and before. To-day my list shows 425 trusts.\\nWhat if the trusts win? The whole machinery of independence as\\nwe have known it heretofore in this country is entirely gone, and man,\\nwhatever his prospects might have been, is absolutely at the mercy of", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 441\\nthe trust. It must feed him, clothe him, shelter him and educate him\\nas will serve its interests. The foregoing is quoted from the letter of\\nan attorney-general.\\nThe remedy for the plague of trusts, now epidemic, I have not dis-\\ncussed,, excepting as suggested by Senator Chandler, the puiijose of my\\npaper being to demonstrate that trusts are considered as an abominable\\ncurse by the people. I spealv for the commercial travelers especially,\\nbut for the people generally in opposition to trade combines, for the\\ncommercial men have felt the pulse of the people as could no other\\nclass.\\nI have gone on record as opposed to trade combines, otherwise trusts,\\nfor specific reasons; have also been interested in other matters pertain-\\ning to the privileges of the people generally and commercial travelers\\nparticularly, and a participant in contests to protect the rights of the\\npeople from infringement by unjust laws,\\nF. B. THURBEE, REPRESENTING THE NEW YORK BOARD OF\\nTRADE.\\nCORPORATIONS ARE CO-OPERATIONS.\\nIt is overlooked that corporation^ are really co-operations; that the\\nnumber of partners as stockholders in any industry is increased; that\\nany one can become a partner, and that instead of being concentrators\\nof wealth, they are distributers of wealth. It has been assumed that\\nlabor would be oppressed by the organization of capital, but experience\\nhas shown that organized labor has met organized capital, and that the\\nlargest organizations of capital have furnished the steadiest employ-\\nment and have paid larger wages than individual employers.\\nThe grievances of individuals injured in this evolution of industries\\nhave been magnified and the general good minimized. The lesson of\\nthe stage driver thrown out of work by the locomotive or the workman\\nby the machine, is forgotten when the traveling salesman who loses his\\njob through the economies of industrial organization appeals to public\\nsympathy.\\nThat wider markets are necessary and that large capital intelligently\\nadministered is necessary to find them, is not appreciated. That rule\\nof reason, as expressed by the minority of the Supreme Court, is. in\\ndanger of being expunged from our statutes.\\nWithin the limits of a paper like this it is of course impossible to\\ndo more than speak suggestively and touch upon but few of the many", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "442 OPLMOXS OX TRUSTS.\\npoints involved, but I have faith that with further study of this subject\\nby the American people the facts will become plainer and they will\\nai)preciate that\\nThrough the ages one increasing purpose runs,\\nAnd the thoughts of men are widened by the process of t e suns.\\nGOVERNOR G. W. ATKINSON OF WEST VIRGINIA.\\nWHAT ARE THE ADVOCATES OF TRUSTS GOING TO DO?\\nIf the advocates and participants in the trusts could satisfy the\\nminds of the masses upon the three following propositions they would\\nhave but little opposition in the years to come:\\nWill you, and can you, in all cases, as you claim, agree to furnish a\\nbetter and cheaper article to consumers of all the necessaries of life\\ncovered by your trusts and combines?\\nW^hat do you propose to do with the tens of thousands of middlemen\\nnow employed, who of necessity must lose their present positions?\\nWhat will become of the small dealers scattered over our country\\nfrom Maine to Florida, and from the Atlantic to California?\\nWhat are we going to do with this large class of our fellow-citizens\\nwho are now prosperous and happy in their occupations? These are\\nmomentous problems and involve momentous results.\\nHON. C. E. SNODGRASS, MEMBER OF CONGRESS OF\\nTENNESSEE.\\nTHE TRUST DESTROYS AMBITION.\\nWhile I am not an enemy of capital and realize the beneficent\\ninfluence it has exerted, I believe that any combination which takes\\naway the incentive for men to exert their best energies and destroys\\nambition is evil. This the trust does. I think that Colonel Bryan s sug-\\ngestion that all corporations doing interstate business should be licensed\\nby the Federal Government is right and feasible. I am not prepare i to\\nsay whether the trusts can be made a political issue, but the Republican\\n])arty will have a hard time to square itself with the people on the\\ntrust question.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 443\\nE. ROSEWATER, EDITOR OF THE OMAHA BEE.\\nIt is my idea tliat a commission or bureau should be created which\\nshall have control of all corporations doing interstate business. In\\naddition to this there should be a court clothed with the authority to\\ntry all cases and adjudicate all matters arising from infractions of trust\\nlaws and which shall hear no other causes.\\nTo protect the purchasers of trust securities there should be public\\ncertification of stocks.\\nJUDGE WILLIAM H. CLAGETT OF BOISE CITY, IDAHO.\\nMONOPOLY THE FOUNDATION OF TRUSTS.\\nMonopoly is the foundation of trusts. There are no such things as\\nreal trusts now. tender the broad decision of the Supreme Court of the\\nUnitetl States in the sugar-trust case they are no longer trusts, but\\nrather commercial combinations. The decision was based on the sov-\\nereignty of the States, and was in effect that whatever legislation was\\nneeded should be enacted by the States.\\nI am sure the decision could not have been better for the masses, as\\nit throws the case back to the people, who can take action for them-\\nselves. It is now a matter of State rights, and I believe each individual\\nState can do more by itself than through the Federal Government,\\nthough national legislation should also be enacted.\\nThe two sovereignties that of the State and that of the nation\\nshould work in harmony and make the trust a thing of the past.\\nHON. DUDLEY WOOTEN OF TEXAS.\\nSOME THINGS GREATER THAN ACCUMULATION OF WEALTH.\\nWe come from a State whose area, resources and population, we\\nthink, entitle us to entertain some very positive and pertinent convic-\\ntions upon the great question that called together this meeting, and will\\nprovoke the learned discussions of the distinguished gentlemen here\\npresent.\\nWe believe that there are some things more valuaole, more to be\\ndesired and more worthy to be contended for by a free people than the\\nmere accumulation of worldly wealth, industrial activity and commer-\\ncial progress.\\n29", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "444 OPIMOA S OX TRUSTS.\\nWe do not believe in that school of political philosophy that despises\\nthe wisdom and experience of the fathers of American and English lib-\\nerty and law, that rejects as antiquated and inadequate the ;reat i)rc-\\ncepts and principles of a venerable jurisprudence at the behest uf mod-\\nern monopoly, that salves the wounds of freedom with the oil of avarice,\\nand condones a constitutional crime Avith the argument of pelf and\\ngreed.\\nIf, as we believe and think, the facts demonstrate, the inordinate\\ngrowth and power of corpoi ations are the real germs of the alarming\\ntrusts and monopolies of the age, then clearly that should be the point\\nof first attack. Under our institutions these artificial persons or citi-\\nzens are created by the States ajid not by the Federal Government.\\nBut the burden of this great work cannot and ought not to be thrown\\nentirely upon the States. ^Notwithstanding the high authority of the\\nattorney-general of the United States and his presumable familiarity\\nwith trusts in their natural habitat, we believe that the Federal Gov-\\nernment both can and should assume the initiative in the movement to\\nsuppress and restrain these great corporate monopolies.\\nBy these two means State and Federal legislation combining to\\nreduce the number, power and privileges of private corporations the\\nrapid growth and menacing tyranny of the corporate monopolies can\\nbe controlled and restrained, but in no other way that we can perceive.\\nThe methods suggested may appear radical and revolutionary to\\ngome, but the time has come when the country must face the cri.sis and\\nsolve it conscientiously, courageously and completely, unless we are to\\nsurrender those principles for which the Union was formed and without\\nwhich it is not worth preserving.\\nDeveloping under the frown of judicial disfavor, the original trusts\\nhave passed from the loose and imperfect combinations of affiliated\\ncorporations into the crystallized and condensed union of huge capital-\\nized monopolies under one charter and a centralized control.\\nTheir fundamental purposes are to reduce the cost of production to\\nthe manufacturers by lowering expenses, minimizing the cost of labor,\\ndepressing the prices of raw materials, and concentrating the expendi-\\nture of energy into the smallest possible compass; to destroy competi-\\ntion by absorbing all rival industries, squeezing out the small, coercing\\nthe weak and amalgamating the strong; to monopolize and control\\ntrade and industry by absolutely dominating the markets and subsidiz-\\ninir or terrorizing the free and normal course of commerce and labor.\\nThe courts of the countiy have unifonuly and correctly declared", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 445\\nthat but for the existence and operation of private corporations, trusts\\nand monopolies could not exist for an hour. The loose and risky meth-\\nods of personal entei-prise, the legal limitations and liabilities of individ-\\nual investment, and the motives of selfish caution that control the\\nactions of men or firms engaged in business on their own responsibility\\nrender it impossible for great industrial and commercial monopolies to\\nbe built up in that way.\\nIt is only by the corporation, with its peculiar and artificial attri-\\nbutes, that trusts and trade combinations can be successfully carried\\nout. Here, then, we have the I oot of the evil, in the private coi-poration.\\nIf there be need for uniform statutes on maiTiage and divorce, wills,\\ninsolvency and other similar interests in which the entire country has a\\ncommon and identical share, then certainly there is need for it on this\\nmost vital question that affects the prosperity, happiness and freedom\\nof the republic at large.\\nIt was this consideration that induced the governor of Texas to call\\nthe meeting of governors and attorneys-general which will convene in\\nSt. Louis next week, and it is to be hoped that some hannonious and\\nunited plan of legislation will be agreed upon by them.\\nIf we are asked along what lines this universal and uniform legisla-\\ntion shall be framed, then we unhesitatingly answer that it should bo in\\nthe direction of limiting also the amount of capital stock for which a\\ncompany may be incorporated, so as to curtail their enormous power\\nto amass undue wealth and exercise despotic control over the commerce,\\nindustry and policies of the nation.\\nPROFESSOR JOHN GRAHAME BROOKS OF HARVARD\\nUNIVERSITY.\\nIt is our misfortune that no opinion upon the so-called trust has at\\npresent much value. The movement is too new, it is too vast, it is\\nabove all too undeveloped. People are frightened by the new phenom-\\nenon so many were alarmed a century ago by a quickened tendency\\nof business to pass into corporations.\\nI assume that no answer is possible to my subject, Are the New\\nCombinations Dangerous? unless that measure of control is secured\\nAvhich is represented by (a) complete publicity (b) removal of tariff\\nprivileges, (c) the ending of special railway favors. I should defend this\\nopinion not upon theoretical grounds, but upon such practical experi-\\nence as one may observe already on the effect of the new combinations.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "446 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nGiven an absolute publicity of facts, and the one dominating danger,\\novercapitalization, is already half met. If the trust movement spreads,\\nas now seems likely, by far the larger part will go to the wall from sheer\\nspeculative bravado.\\nThe people meanwhile will be rapidly educated, and above all the\\nbanks will be swift to learn the lesson, and refuse to underwrite if the\\nventure is too imprudent in its risks. Only those trusts will survive that\\nare prudently organized and deal with a product which lends itself to\\nthe conditions imposed by the new combination.\\nNo industrial event ever gave a more magnificent occasion for educa-\\ntion upon what is deepest in the so-called social question. The essence\\nof the new combination is that it is a more cunning and more powerful\\nmachine applied to industry. That means that it carries in it the very\\nheart of the social question.\\nThe pithiest formula I could give of the social question (on its mate-\\nrial side) is this: It is the struggle for the advantages of applied\\nscience and invention to industrj At bottom, this is the fight in our\\ngreat strikes.\\nThe coming contest in our municipalities is accurately this: Who\\nis to control the vast machinei-y, such as lighting and transportation?\\nThis has come to be the deepest struggle in trades unionism. Socialism\\nitself cajinot be better defined than by its attitude toward machinery.\\nThe new combinations that survive are not likely to act differently\\nin this respect from the weaker cori)orations which precedetl them.\\nAgain, it is said they will corner things generally, put up prices and pre-\\nvent the consumer from getting the advantage of the economics made,\\nas we are told is the case with nails, glass, tinplate, etc. I will not\\ndeny the danger, but I beg to submit one observation from industrial\\nhistoi y:\\nWhenever a great change has come in economic evolution there is\\nnaturally extreme danger connected with the new undertaking, because\\ntraditional methods cannot be depended upon.\\nThe dangers of disaster are extreme, and only men of great boldnqis,\\nwilling to take larger risks, come to the front. It is this type of man\\ntliat has caught the wave as it rose, and made, if he succeeded, enor-\\nmous profits. TTuman wit has never yet prevented this, and it is more\\nthan doubtful if ir would be well to do it if we could.\\nOnce more, it is said of the trusts, they will raise havoc with our\\npolitics. That this is a far graver peril than any economic one is too", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "448 OPIXIOiXS OX TRUSTS.\\nvlear. Recognizing the magnitude of this danger, and with no desire to\\nminimize it.\\nI express this hope the trust that stays will bring the very\\nablest men to the front. They will very soon have to carry on business\\nin an atmosphere of public opinion thoroughly alert and aroused upon\\nthose issues. It appears to me unlikely that men of first ability will\\nso fail in tact as to disregard and affront an alarmed, suspicious and\\npowerful public opinion.\\nNor have I the slightest question that if it become plain to the people\\nthat the combinations manipulate politics to their own private ends\\nand persist in this they will have themselves to thank for driving the\\ncountry further and faster into socialism than any and all forces that\\nhave ever shown themselves in our public life.\\nDR. HENRY C. ADAMS, OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.\\nTRUSTS AND BUSIl^IESS ORGANIZATIONS.\\nWhatever the trust problem may be, it has to do.with business organ-\\nization, and on this account the first question that suggests itself is\\none that pertains to the science of economics, and from that we are car-\\nried to the stupendous question of political organization and legislative\\nprocedure.\\nHe who believes in local government will not readily consent to the\\nproposition that the Federal Congress should assert exclusive authority\\nover commercial and industrial conditions. Nor, on the other hand, will\\nhe who appreciates the significance and the beneficent results of a\\nworld s market consent to the suggestion that the business transactions\\nof a State concern should not extend beyond the bordei*s of a State.\\nTurning to a consideration of the current tendency toward monopoly\\nin industries which naturally are subject to competitive control, it has\\nbeen stated that the explanation of this tendency is found in the condi-\\ntions under which manufacturing and commercial enterprises are\\ncarried on.\\nThese conditions are the fact that railways do discriminate in favor\\nof large sliippers; the extension of commercial relations beyond the\\njurisdiction of the States has resulted in confusion of law and uncer-\\ntainty of procedure; the unsatisfactory condition of the laws of incor-\\nporation is one of the elements in the conditions by which tinists are\\nfostered, and, finally, the fact that whatever else may be determined", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. U9\\nupon, provision should be made by the States for an efficient, compre-\\nhensive and harmonious control over the auditing departments of such\\nindustries as choose the trust organization for the prosecution of\\nbusiness.\\nATTOENEY-GENERAL E. C. CROWE, OF MISSOURI.\\nTRUSTS A SOURCE OF GREAT APPREHENSION.\\nIt has been well said, The recent rapid formation of trusts, the rush\\nof industrial monopoly, is the source of great public apprehension. It\\nseems to be working a stupendous revolution, the end of which is not\\nclearly foreseen.\\nThe gathering storm may prove a destroying cyclone or but a pre-\\ncursor of a better Industrial day. Be this as it may, it is now possible\\nand wise to inquire into the legal status of the monopoly coi poration\\nand to take stock of the I esources with which organized society is\\nequipped to meet this modern form of feudalism.\\nThe clear distinction between public and private employments and\\nbusiness and the full appreciation of the complete protection of the right\\nto contract and of the vested rights of property is absolutely essential\\nto be kept in mind to have a fair view of the trust question and its\\neffect on our people and business, and the remedies that may be pro-\\nposed for any evils that may result fi om trusts.\\nIf we must have the trading business corporation I suggest that laws\\nbe enacted by the sovereign States declaring the members of the corpora-\\ntion responsible to the same extent as the members of a copartnership\\nfor the debts or acts and liabilities of a corporation.\\nProtection, equality and justice will reign in business transactions\\nunder the regime where equality of liability follows equality of oppor-\\ntunity, and this equality, guided by the ever-present power of competi-\\ntion, will regulate in a healthy manner the business interests of the\\ncountry.\\nTherefore I think that the check of financial responsibility, individ-\\nually, should be placed upon the shareholders of private business trad-\\ning corporations.\\nThe trust is a profitable field in capital and hence capital will seek\\ntrusts; but the trust is becoming a dictator of trade. Its powers are\\nnot limited by charter or public opinion. It enters all branches of indus-\\ntry; it reduces the price of the raw material it buys, and raises the price", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "450 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nof the product it sells; its movements are secret, silent, unerring and\\nall-powerful.\\nBut the vast profits of the trust will ever tempt wealth and enter-\\nprise. The aim of capital to seek profit will be ever a menace to the\\nsecurity of the trust investor. The struggle to obtain the special benefits\\nfor the few by the trust managers and the battle of equal opportunity\\nfor all in business is the point of interest, and the State should bend\\nits energies to adjust this at once, for herein lies the danger to our land.\\nOPINIONS OF THE VALUE OF THE CONFERENCE ON TRUSTS.\\nREV. J. H. O. SMITH, UNION CHRISTIAN CHURCH.\\nCONFERENCE A VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION TO CmLIZATION.\\nThe Civic Federation has made a valuable contribution to civiliza-\\ntion in arranging the assembly which has been discussing the trust\\nproblem.\\nThe best of spirit prevailed and the sentiment of the convention\\nwas altruistic throughout. At no time could the worker complain of\\nunfair treatment, while the attacks made upon great combinations of\\ncapital were directed against the institutions for which the people\\nthemselves are in a large measure responsible, and not against the men\\nwho compose the corporations.\\nMan was the consideration more than money, but all seemed to rec-\\nognize that wealth is an important ally when properly distributed.\\nThe American Government itself is a combine for rich and poor.\\nThe rich must not be robbed to benefit the poor, and the poor should\\nnot be compelled directly or indirectly to bear the burdens of the rich.\\nThe speakers regarded capitalist and laborer as partners in industry\\nand each entitled to his share of the profits. The closing days of the\\nnineteenth century are electric with forces that make for righteousness.\\nLabor s complaint that it cannot get a hearing has been answered\\nthis week, and the representatives of labor will go home happy because\\nof the serious consideration given their cause in this epoch-making\\nassembly.\\nREV. W. H. CARWARDINE, ADAMS STREET M. E. CHURCH.\\nTHE TRUST CONFERENCE A SPLENDID EXPRESSION OF INDEPENDENCE OF\\nTHOUGHT.\\nThe great trust conference was a splendid expression of American\\nindependence of thought and freedom of discussion. Every phase of", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 451\\nthe question was considered, and each representative of economic belief\\nwas present except one.\\nThe business man was conspicuously absent. We ought to have\\nheard from one of the great trust organizers.\\nThe trust is the legitimate outcome of competition. No power on\\nearth can prevent the natural combination of capital as society is now\\norganized. It ia the inevitable result of the evolution of commercial\\nenterprise.\\nThe tendency of civilization is to centralize. Modern inventions\\nhave largely removed the limitations of time and space. The world is\\ngetting closer together. As men and nation centralize the struggle\\nof existence becomes on the one hand keener, and fraternity, mutuality\\nof interests and co-operation are emphasized.\\nThe very dangers that seemingly threaten us from the struggle for\\ncommercial supremacy are the symptoms that underlie the trend of\\nworld forces toward a higher and better civilization.\\nI see the hand of God in all this. Prom the Gehenna of competition\\nwe are moving toward the Arcadia of co-operation. Out of this struggle\\nwill come better conditions for all.\\nREV. R. A. WHITE, STEWART AVENUE UNIVERSALIST\\nCHURCH.\\nIT WAS A NOTABLE GATHERING.\\nIt was a notable gathering. Its influence must be vast. It ad-\\nvanced no startlingly new ideas. It seemed woefully lacking in facts.\\nAssertions were numerous enough that trusts raised prices or lowered\\nthem, elevated or depressed wages, were dangerous or valuable, but\\nfacts to prove the assertions were not in great evidence.\\nOne important thing this conference has brought prominently into\\nview. Labor organizations and organizations of capital rest upon prac-\\ntically the same industrial conditions. It will henceforth be difficult\\nfor the labor organizations to denounce the organization of money.\\nOrganized capital can scarcely with consistency denounce organized\\nlabor. Each seeks to reduce competition by organization.\\nIn the main the vital bearing of trusts upon manhood was seldom\\nunder discussion. But here is really the heart of the matter.\\nOpinion was strong that the trust is the prelude to a vast industrial\\nslavery. The free and independent small manufacturer, trader and", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "452 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nlaborer disappearing to give place to the hired servants of an all-pow-\\nerful corporatiou.\\nNo graver danger confronts this nation than a propertyless class so\\nenvironed by industrial conditions as to make ambition fruitless and\\nhope vain.\\nGOVERNOR H. S. PINGREE.\\nBENEFITS OF THE CONFERENCE.\\nThe principal benefit, to my mind, was the revelation it gave us of\\nthe position which the advocates of the trust, or rather the trusts them-\\nselves, would take. Even an ordinary observer could not fail to notice\\nthat the managers of trusts and their agents, the newspapers, had care-\\nfully planned their line of defense at the conference.\\nIt was equally apparent that they recognized that the trust is on\\ntrial. So it was that at the conference the trust was defended, and\\nskillfully, too, by corporation lawyers, professors, economists and theor-\\nists generally. On the other hand, the anti-trust side was just as ably\\npresented by practical business men, fanners and leaders of labor inter-\\nests.\\nCockran placed the dollar above the man that is, such is the logical\\noutcome of his reasoning and his position. Bryan place l the man above\\nthe dollar. The former is the commercial view, and therefore selfish\\nand narrow. The latter is the humanitarian view.\\nMr. Cockran is undoubte dly an orator. The trust could hardly have\\nchosen a more effective champion. He held his audience spellbound\\nand charmed by the beauty of his diction. One could not have con-\\ndemned bad corporate management in more scathing terms than he did.\\nITe threw bouquets at the laboring men. This was done with a pur-\\npose.\\nIt is evidently the plan of the trusts first to make laboring men\\nbelieve their own salvation is in a fostering of the trust, and, second,\\nto intimidate them or modify their zeal by claiming that labor unions\\nare in fact trusts and that warfare on trusts is warfare on labor unions.\\nI predict that labor will not be deceived.\\nMr. Bry-an s answer to Mr. Cockran that trusts enthrone money and\\ndebase mankind is complete and sufficient.\\nI favor a federal law prohibitive of monopolies, with the machinery\\nnecessary to make it effective, with state laws to supplement it.\\nI refuse to be cowetl by rules of political economy. The trust can be", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 453\\nabolished by law. Public sentiment will compel it. In the absence of\\na uniform state, a federal law is necessary. It should be a drastic law.\\nI have no sympathy with the sentiment of regulation. That is the\\nremedy of trusts. It would result in their regulating themselves as\\nthey saw fit. The people want no more farces like the interstate com-\\nmerce commission.\\nNo benefit will come from taming wild snakes. Of course, if the\\npeople had in their employ snake-charmers like Mr. Cockran, with his\\npowerful oratoi y, it might be different. But the trusts ai e the only\\nones able to retain the sei vices of such talent.\\nEEV. JENKIN LLOYD JONES, D. D.\\nREFLECTS GREAT CREDIT ON THE CIVIC FEDERATION.\\nThe Trust Conference held in Chicago last week is to be put down as\\none of the most significant civic events of the year. It reflects great\\ncredit upon the Civic Federation of Chicago for the bold conception and\\nthe eflBcient execution of the plan. It also reflects great credit upon the\\nspeakers, all of them men of note, most of them men of special training,\\nexperts in their respective lines.\\nThey spoke frankly, earnestly and with a dignity that commanded\\ncourteous respect from the audience, from the public and from each\\nother, however widely they might differ.\\nIt was also an occasion of great hopefulness. To re ?ognize the situa-\\ntion, to honestly face the perplexity, is in this case more than half the\\nbattle.\\nWe are safe in afiirming:\\n1. That the trust problem is pre-eminently the economic problem of\\nto-day.\\n2. That it must engage in the immediate future the attention of\\nlegislators; that it cannot be kept out of politics. It is inevitably one\\nof the issues in the coming presidential campaign.\\n3. That in some forai or another it must come under State and\\nnational control and direction.\\n4. That all are agreed that illegitimate inflation of stock, expansion\\nof values, is one element in the growth of trusts at the present time and\\nthat this element is now and always will be simply a crime and violation\\nof the laws of honesty and a sin against the public.\\n5. All are further agreed that absolute publicity of the books and", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "454 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\ntinancial methods of the trust is one of the first safeguards against these\\nfrauds.\\n6. That the principle of combination is economically correct and\\nthat is the result of general evolution of life and knowledge, hence in\\nsome way or another combination not competition is to be the indus-\\ntrial and economic law of the future.\\n7. That only in so far as combinations advance the general interests\\nof the community and exhilarate the industrial life of the world can\\nthey be tolerated.\\nIn short, all the speakers assumed the truth of Emerson s dictum\\nthat that cannot be good for the bee that is not good for the hive; in\\nother words, that the interests of the individual must be made subser-\\nvient to the interests of the whole.\\nThese are but preliminary and general affirmations, but even these\\ngo a great ways toward clearing the horizon.\\nCHRISTIAN SOCIALISM AND TRUSTS.\\nMiss Frances E. Willard, at the London W. C. T. U. Convention in\\n1897, said:\\nI have become an advocate of sucli a change in social conditions as\\nshall stamp out the disease and contagion of poverty even as medical\\nscience is stamping out leprosy, small-pox and cholera; and I believe\\nthe age in which we live will yet be characterized as one of those dark,\\ndismal and damning ages when some people were so dead to the love\\nof their kind that they left them in poverty without a heartache or a\\nblush.\\nPoverty is a di-sease; it is a degradation; it has no right to\\nbe. In the past we have comforted ourselves with looking\\nupon it as the effect of wrong-doing, but have now aroused ourselves to\\nthe study of it as a cause. We are determined to burn out to its last\\ninfectious atom the stench of the slums.\\nFull well I know that a majority of those who read these lines will\\nfirst of all call me a crank, and then find leaping to their lips His words\\nwho said, The poor ye have always with you. Ry such evasions is\\nChrist blasphemed, who stated to the people of that time one of the\\nblackest facts in their hypocritical record, but whose gospel is the gun-\\npowder of poverty; and one of the ground principles of whose earthly\\nchurch, Ood-raade, was this, that they had all things in common.\\nThis she called Christian socialism or Christianity applied. Ry it she", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 455\\nwould conquer the new infidelity which says Christ s teachings are not\\npracticable.\\nIn her last great address at Bufifalo, in 1897, she declared:\\nI would take, not by force, but by the slow process of lawful acquis-\\nition through better legislation, as the outcome of a wiser ballot in the\\nhands of men and women, the entire plant that we call civilization, and\\nall that has been achieved on this continent in the four hundred years\\nsince Columbus wended his way hither, and make it the common prop-\\nerty of all the people, requiring all to work enough with their hands to\\ngive them the finest physical development, but not to become burden-\\nsome in any case, and permitting all to share alike the advantages of\\neducation and refinement.\\nI believe this to be perfectly practicable; indeed, that any other\\nmethod is simply a relic of barbarism. I believe with Frederick Maurice,\\nof England, that it is infidel for any one to say that the law of supply\\nand demand is as changeless as the law of gravitation, which means\\nthat competition must forever prevail. I believe that competition is\\ndoomed.\\nThe trust, whose sole object it is to abolish competition, has proven\\nthat we are better without than with it the moment any corporation\\ncontrols the supply of any product. What the socialist desires is that\\nthe corporation of humanity should control all production.\\nBeloved comrades, this is the frictionless way, it is the higher law:\\nit eliminates the motives for a selfish life; it enacts into our every-day\\nliving the ethics of Christ s gospel. Nothing else will do it, nothing\\nelse can bring the glad day of universal brotherhood.\\nCOMPETITION, TRUSTS AND SOCIALISM.\\nThe New York Tribune editorially says:\\nThe capitalist and captain of industry in these later days has set\\nhimself to demonstrate that the theories of the socialist are sound. After\\nsome centuries of adherence to the principle that individual competition\\nbrings the best results and the greatest progress for the individual and\\nfor society, suddenly many thousand employers and capitalists rush out\\nof business, give up the positions they occupy and the plants they own\\nin order to avoid competition, and set themselves to prove that society\\ncan be best and most cheaply served, and the workers and managers\\nfrom highest to lowest can get better returns, if all productive work in\\neach branch is performed by a single centralized body controlling prices", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "456 OPINIONS OX TRUSTS.\\nand wages at pleasure, abolishing agents and middle-men, restrained\\nby no competition, and responsible only to society as a whole.\\nIf this theory is true, does it not follow as a matter of course that\\nsociety as a whole might better take possession of the plants and control\\nthe business, and absorb for itself the profits of production or the gains\\nby cheapening production, at its pleasure?\\nThe philosophy of the competitive period in human development has\\nbeen sustained by the most rapid and healthful progi*ess ever known\\nthus far, but the socialist answers that better yet is attainable.\\nGrant that this past stage of development was necessary, its best\\nfruitage is a higher stage in which the costs and the losses of individual\\ncompetition can be avoided, and in each branch of service all can freely\\ndo their best for the benefit of all.\\nAbolish the spur of competition, driving each to seek the latest\\ninventions and the best devices, for they have been secured.\\nTake from traders and manufacturers the intense pressure of battle\\nagainst each other, and give all of them a sure profit for a regular ser-\\nvice to society.\\nLet the multitude of employes be also emancipated from the\\ntyranny of competition, which closes some works and drives others to\\nreduce wages, and let them all have their regular pay for service to\\nsociety, increased by the elimination of the losses through competition.\\nWhen experience proves, as the socialist holds it will prove, that\\nthe greatest progress and the highest conditions yet attained are not\\ncomparable to those to be attained by abolishing competition, then no\\nman but an idiot will question the wisdom of society as a whole taking\\ncontrol of all the processes of trade and industry, and the harmonious\\nadjustment of all, with power to cheapen products or enlarge profits in\\neach, as may best serve the general welfare.\\nIf the modern combination proves that competition is no longer a\\nbenefit, but a curse, that individual struggling for success is no longer\\nneeded to evolve the best inventions and devices and bring them into\\nuse; that the monster corporation can work more cheaply and at the\\nsame time more wisely and ably in handling many establishments of dif-\\nferent kinds, far apart and under different circumstances, than the indi-\\nvidual owners who have created them; that it can prevent the frequent\\nstoppage of the weaker works while the stronger continue to thrive;\\nthat society no longer needs any defense against monopoly, because the\\nmonopoly must always cheapen in order to enlarge business, and that\\nworkers, consumers and employers will all gain by elimination of compe-", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 457\\ntition, then, indeed, the socialist has only to demand the logical com-\\npletion of the journey.\\nThere will be no sense in leaving the big corporations to blunder\\nalong, sometimes losing and sometimes hurting society by unwisdom,\\nwhen society itself can appi opriate their plants, direct their labor, make\\nand bear its own blunders and pocket its own gains.\\nDR. F. W. GUNSAULUS, CENTRAL CHURCH, CENTRAL MUSIC\\nHALL.\\nTHE GOLDEN RULE.\\nWhat both capital and labor need to learn is that the golden rule\\nis not only not the vague and unpractical dream of an idealist, but\\nthat it is the authoritative utterance of Him who has been seen to b\u00c2\u00ab\\nthe voice of this very nature of which political economy talks.\\nNow, then, if it is true that the golden rule is practical, if co-opera-\\ntion as well as competition is the energy in civilization, if right is might\\nand it is safe to trust it, our labor reformers as well as our capitalists\\nhave some mighty changes to make in their programmes and a new\\nspirit must often inform their endeavors.\\nI promise to be practical. Take for example the fact that labor is\\nalways likely to forget in its struggles the sacredness of labor.\\nEvery dollar in bank or in the business of manufacture is so much\\nlabor labor of a nature like that which the laborer is performing;\\nlabor done and embodied, coined, if the money is righteous money; labor\\nwhich has purchased so much of the circulating medium of exchange.\\nThe capitalist must be told that his business has grown, not by com-\\npetition, as he supposes, but rather by co-operation; that these laborers\\nhave made their uncoined labor co-operate with his coined labor; that\\nif he complains of hard times they feel it too, and that they have not\\nshared adequately with his good times.\\nBISHOP SAMUEL FALLOWS, REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH.\\nTHE BALEFUL TRUST.\\nWords are constantly being exalted or debased, limited or enlarged.\\nSome of the best words once used by purists of language have become\\nmodem slang, and words which began as slang are now classic terms.\\nOne of the most important words, trust, expressive of confidence", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "458 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nin God and man, is rapidly degenerating into one of the basest, indica-\\ntive of the robbery of human rights and the distrust of men by man.\\nThe modern baleful trust is a monopoly in its intention, and in its\\nactuality as far as possible, of the raw product, the means of produc-\\ntion, the finished product, and is the merciless master of the producer.\\nIt begins with self and ends with self. It has neither heart nor con-\\nscience nor soul. It will lie and cheat and steal. It will crush human\\neffort, hopes, aspirations and desires with all the remorselessness of an\\nirresponsible, oriental despot.\\nThis is not the language of heated rhetoric. It but feebly describes\\nthe model trust, which is the car of Juggernaut in a Christian land.\\nThe Christ of the working God, Himself a workingman, is in the\\nmidst of the world s activities to-day, proclaiming through those who\\ntruly love and serve Him: See that you all do justly, love mercy and\\nwalk humbly before God, for one is your master, and only one, and ye\\nall are brethren.\\nADDRESS OF HON. W. BOURKE COOKRAN.\\n[Delivered at the Trust Conference at Chicago, 1899.]\\nIf an ordinary industry capitalizes for $5,000,000, knowing that it\\ncould not pay dividends upon $1,000,000, and then without any positive\\nfalsehood deceives, by what is commonly called finance scenery, so as\\nto induce the public to buy at a fictitious value, I call that a swindle,\\nand it would be called a swindle if it is perpetrated against a shoe\\ndealer on the Bowery, where it is often called an operation. Now, my\\nfriends, the remedy for all evils, in my judgment, is the original remedy\\nwhich I suggested publicity, publicity.\\nThe hatred of corporations, which, as I say, is not wholly justified,\\nis not discreditable to the public opinion of America. In fact, I lay it\\ndown as a cardinal rule, which I think any person can follow with per-\\nfect safety, that wherever you find a general opinion on any subject in\\nAmerica there is always a pretty good ground for it. The distrust of\\ncorporations arises not, in my judgment, from any well-considered dis-\\nliki to corporate entities.\\nMy friend from Texas, whose eloquent periods moved this body as\\nI have not .seen it moved, on the first day of our session, was careful to\\ndistinguish between corporations which acted for the public good and\\nthose which acted for the oppression of the public. I am not quite sure", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "They WEJ?E injured, robbed and 0UfFA6Eff=WfflL DEPRIVED\\nOF PROPERTY AND CREDIT AND THEN SENT OVER THE\\nPRECIPICE OF INSOLVENCY IN A CONDITION 50\\nROTTEN THAT THEIR FALL WAS N0I5ELE5\\nHon- Bourke Cockran.\\nC\u00c2\u00ab j)yright, I iM), by J. L. Nichols Cn.\\nTHE TRUST HOG SENT OVER THE PRECIPICE OF INSOLVENCY", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "460 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nthat I understood the distinction from bis words, but I think he and I\\nperfectly sympathized in our feelings.\\nWe do not object to the principle of cooperation. Corporate exist-\\nence is the natural evolution of the partnership; it is a scheme by which\\nmen, strangers to each other, can cooperate in production; while part-\\nnership was a scheme limited to men who knew each other and were\\ncompelled to work together. But the management of corporations has\\nbeen the blackest page in all our history.\\nThe public indignation, unfortunately, which ought to be expended\\nupon the corporate management which is responsible for this shame,\\nhas too often been visited upon the stockholders and the corporations\\nthemselves, who have been the victims of that infamy. It is a chapter\\nwhich is perhaps the blackest, as I have said, in our history, this whole\\nquestion of corporate management. If you read the details of it it will\\nfill you with a sense of shame for your country.\\nYou have only got to look back to the history of the panic of 1S73,\\nand the history of the panic of 1893, and the corporate niauagemeut that\\npreceded that panic, to find corporations wrecked and looted by those\\nto whose hands they were intrusted their treasuries empty, worthless\\nproperty sold to them, that were but small and thin disguises of truth.\\nThey were injured, robbed and outraged until deprived of property and\\ncredit, and then sent over the precipice of insolvency in a condition so\\nrotten that their fall was noiseless.\\nNow all this story of infamy and of wrong and of perfidy and of\\nfraud has not brought one hour of shame or humiliation to those who\\nhave perpetrated it. They are w alking the streets to-day, their head.s\\nhigh in the world of finance. To the best informed the story is only\\npartially known; .to the vast mass of the people it is a sealed book.\\nWhy, we talk about the corruption of municipal corporations. Well,\\nthey probably are corrupt certainly not more so than they are be-\\nlieved to be. But the government of corporations, notwithstanding\\nthat year after year we see evidences of the recklessness with which it\\nhas been conducted, the fraud which has characterized its management\\nI don t believe that in the whole history of jurisprudence there has\\nbeen a case in which a director has been compelled to answer for it.\\nThese frauds are perpetrated in insidious methods. The public is\\nfooled as to the value of the stock by specific statements; interest is\\npaid upon bonds which has never been earned, and the public believes\\nthem solvent; it pays its fixed charges and the public buys the stock,\\neven though no dividends have been paid, believing that dividends are", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 4G1\\nsoon to be paid because the fixed charges are met; interest is paid on\\nthe preferred stock which never has been earned that the comuiou stock\\nmay be floated; but when the collapse comes, when the ruin is complete,\\nin nine cases out of ten the engineers of this ruin are appointed the re-\\nceivers by the courts in order to conduct the plan of reorganization.\\nADDRESS OF COL. WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN.\\n[Delivered at the Trust Conference at Chicago. 1899.]\\nThe real cause of trusts is our long period of falling prices, caused by\\nthe rising dollar, due to bad financial legislation. The loss on inv.est-\\nments, declines in property, profitless business, and the necessity for\\npreventing further losses, have forced combinations to hold up or in-\\ncrease prices. Such losses, declines and necessities would not have\\noccurred but for rising dollars and the attendant fall in the level of\\nprices.\\nThe high tariff has aided monopoly, for no one can dispute that an\\nimport duty enables a trust to charge for its product the price of a simi-\\nlar product, plus the tariff.\\nI want to start with the declaration that monopoly in private hands\\nis indefensible from any standpoint and intolerable.\\nI make no exceptions to the rule. I do not divide monopolies in\\nprivate hands into good monopolies and bad monopolies. There is no\\ngood monopoly in private hands. There can be no good monopoly ia\\nprivate hands until the Almighty sends us angels to preside over us.\\nIn 1859 Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to some people at Boston,\\nand in the course of the letter he said: The Republican party believes\\nin the man and the dollar, but in case of conflict it believes in the man\\nbefore the dollar.\\nMan is the creature of God and money is the creature of man.\\nMoney is made to be the servant of man (applause) and I protest\\nagainst all theories that enthrone money and debase mankind.\\nLincoln warned us against monopoly, and Lincoln was right.\\nI protest in the beginning against settling every question upon the\\ndollar argument. I protest against the attempt to drag every question\\ndown to the low level of dollars and cents.\\nIf you will go about over the country you will see where the people\\nhave subscribed money to establish enterprises, having come under the\\ncontrol of the trusts, have been closed up, and stand now as silent monu-\\nments to the wisdom of the trust svstem.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "462 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nWe get ideas from the animals about us. We used to protect prop-\\nerty, down iu Iowa, by putting rings in the noses of hogs. Why did\\nwe do that? So that while they were getting fat they would not\\ndestroy more than thev were worth. And the thought came to me that\\none of the purposes of government was to put rings in the noses of hogs.\\nThe farmer cannot inflate the value of his land by watering the\\nvalue of that land. The merchant in the store cannot inflate the value\\nof the goods upon his shelves. Why should the corporation be per-\\nmitted to put out stock that represents no real value?\\nIn my judgment, when you take from monopoly the power to issue\\nstock not represented by muuey you will go more than half way\\ntoward destroying monopoly iu the United States.\\nWe have been placing the dollar above the man; we have been\\npicking out favorites in government; we have been bestowing upon\\nthem special privileges, and every advantage we have given them has\\nbeen given them to the detriment of other people.\\nWhen God made man as the climax of creation he looked upon his\\nwork and said that it was good, and yet when God got through the\\ntallest man was not much taller than the shortest, and the strongest\\nman was not much stronger than the weakest. That was God s plan.\\nWe looked upon his work and said that it was not quite as good as\\nit might be, and so we made a fictitious man that is in some instances\\na hundred times a thousand times a million times stronger than\\nGod made man.\\nWhen God made man he breathed into Him a soul and warned him\\nthat in the next world he would be held accountable for the deeds done\\nin the flesh, but when we made our man-made man we did not give him\\na .soul, aud if he can avoid punishment in this world he need not worry\\nabout the hereafter\\nThe trust is the natural outgrowth of unnatural conditions created\\nby man-made laws. There are some who would defend everything,\\ngood or bad, on the ground that it is a part of destiny.\\nPut the industrial system of this nation in the hands of a few men\\nand let them determine the price of finished products and the wages of\\nlabor paid, and you will have an iudustria! aristocracy beside which\\na lauded aristocracy would be an innocent thing, in my judgment.\\nPlace the food and clothing, and all that we eat and wear and use,\\nin the hands of a few people, and instead of being a government by the\\npeople, it will be a government of the syndicates, by the syndicates, and\\nfor the syndicates.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 463\\nEstablish such a system and on the ni ;ht before election a man will\\nbe notified not to come back on the day after election, unless the policy\\nof trusts candidate is successful.\\nMAYOR S. M. JONES OF TOLEDO LOOKS ON TRUSTS COM-\\nPLACENTLY.\\nI wish to say that I am inclined to regard the growth of these organi-\\nzations within the last few months rather complacently.\\nI believe in a large program for society. I believe it to be our\\nduty and privilege in this republic to find a plan big enough to provide\\nfor all the people, and I see in the growth of the trust an indication of\\nthe growing movement toward collectivism.\\nI believe in brotherhood. The trust is the American brotherhood\\n(limited). The trust is jireparing the way, showing society the great\\nbenefits that may be derived through the association in industry, and\\nthe great economic value of association, both in production and dis-\\ntribution. An invention that lightens the burden of the world toilers\\nand makes it possible for one man to do the work of twelve is called\\na labor-saving machine. Does it matter whether the machine is made of\\nwood and iron or composed of organizations and associations of men?\\nIf the result is the same it is a labor-saving machine. In this sense\\nthe trust is a labor-saving machine.\\nThe triumph of the trust is one of the marvels of the closing years\\nof the nineteenth century; but it is an economic development, strictly\\nin the line of progress, and our problem is uot how to destroy them, but\\nto use them for the good of all. Like the prototype, the labor-saving\\nmachinery, constructed of wood and iron, they have come to stay.\\nWhat shall we do with a trust, with the continually increasing\\narmy of unemployed thrown out by these organizations? I reply we\\nmust organize government in the interest of all, for the good of all; so\\nthat we may utilize the economic side of the trust.\\nWe must leave off the word (limited) from the great American,\\nbrotherhood that I have referred to and must own and operate the\\ntrust for the benefit of the people, as we now own and operate the post-\\noffice trust. The profit that accrues to the organizations known as\\ntrusts belong to society and may be properly called the increment of\\nassociated organizations.\\nEquality of opportunity or brotherhood is the goal for which the", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "464 OPINIONS ON TRUSTS.\\nrace is struggling, and tlio trust, wliile purely selfish in its inspiration,\\nis the expression of the great social spirit now stirring the hearts of the\\npeople.\\nThe movement toward municipal ownership, toward public owner-\\nship, toward cooperation of every sort, indicates the channel through\\nwhich the people are to come into the possession of their own. When\\nthey are thoroughly enlightened, they will simply retake, in a perfectly\\norderly way, the properties that have passed out of their hands and\\nbecome private property. The people will own and operate their own\\ntrust; its name will be the Cooperative Commonwealth.\\nTHE EVILS OF THE TRUST.\\nThe Rev. Father Ducey, pastor of St. Leo s Roman Catholic Church\\nof New York City, spoke on the Evils of the Trust at his midnight mass\\nsermon, December 31, 1899.\\nlie termed it a Twentieth Century sermon. He said:\\nI have presented to you from time to time the great demand of\\nhumanity in the closing quarter of the nineteenth century, and have\\ndealt with all the social and economical questions enunciated by our\\ncommon brother, Jesus Christ, in the interest and for the happiness of\\nhumanity. Prophets and reformers are always despised factors in the\\nsocial economy of this world, but always recognized factors in the\\neconomy of Jesus Christ. Every question which I have enunciated from\\nthe altar in the past nine years has been affirmed by the utterances and\\nEncyclicals of that marvelous Pontiff. Leo XIII.\\nFor the last twenty years the tyranny of the money power has been\\ngrowing in this Republic, and I believe there is permitted more freedom\\nof speech in Great Britain, in its House of Commons and its House of\\nLords, than we are allowed to exercise in this country.\\nThe monarchy of Great Britain is less tyrannical than the money\\nand trust power in these United States, in my judgment. In the last few\\nyears this power has attempted to control the educational institutions\\nof this country. It has used its powers to drive from the larger univer-\\nsities unselfish and sacrificing professors. It has throttled the liberty\\nof speech, and in the great centers of the Middle States the press, with\\nrare exceptions, has been silent.\\nBut a few years ago a man who was president of a university and\\nIiresumed to express convictions upon certain public questions was\\nousted from his position for expressing those convictions by a great", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "OPINIONS ON TRUSTS. 4C5\\nmoney power, which is attempting to control the Government of this\\ncountry, the judiciary and even the very centers of non-Catholic\\nthoughts in the pulpit, and is dictating to men how they must think\\nand how they must speak, but they must not think or speak as God\\nwishes them to speak or their own consciences direct them.\\nMoreover, this power perverts the truths of Holy Scripture and,\\nlike the devil, quotes Scrijiture to suit its own purpose. The great\\nquestion for solution in the nineteenth centurj-, according to the\\nEncyclical of Leo XIII. is that a remedy must be found, and found\\nquickly, or the good people will be driven into rebellion and violence.\\nThis closing year of the nineteenth century must find teachers of\\nChristianity keenly alive to the demands of the people and to their\\nrights and justice in equity. I believe firmly that a great crusade of\\nmoral evolution and development will manifest itself in the coming-\\ndecade of the twentieth century, and will be prefaced in preparation\\nby the just and fearless utterances of men in public life and the pulpits\\nof God, demanding justice for the people.\\nThe men who are now attempting to control the industrial and\\nmental forces will be pushed to the wall and the rights of the people\\nwill be asserted, and that which God has given them grasped from the\\nhands of their oppressors as successfully as Moses grasped justice for\\nthe Hebrew people from the tyrannies and oppressions of the Pharaohs.\\nI hope that every member of this congregation will realize his\\nobligation to live as the epistle directs him to live, justly and godly, and\\nto protest against the covetousness and luxury of the unjust and tyran-\\nnical oppression by the corrupt corporation powers of the times in which\\nwe live.", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIX.\\nMUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP.\\n(Prom Municipal Monopolies.\\nUnder private ownership of electric lights, Vincennes, Ind., popula-\\ntion 12,000, pays |96 per year per street arc. Cost of coal per ton sixty-\\nfive cents.\\nUnder city ownership of electric lights, Bowling Green, Ky., popula-\\ntion 12,000, pays |56.03 per year (which includes 7 1-2 per cent for in-\\nterest and depreciation) per street arc. Cost of coal per ton $1.28.\\nUnder private ownership of electric lights, Racine, Wis., population\\n27,000, pays |98.50 annually for each street arc lamp.\\nUnder public ownership of electric lights, Decatur, 111., population\\n27,000, pays $50.00 for the same service, which includes 7 1-2 per cent\\nfor interest and depreciation of plant.\\nLondon, Ohio, with a population of 5,000, furnishes its own electric\\nlighting service at a cost of $57.58 per street arc per year, which charge\\nincludes 7 1-2 per cent for interest and depreciation. Cost of coal $1.81\\nper ton.\\nPomeroy, Ohio, population 5,500, doesn t do it that way. They pay a\\nprivate company $89.00 per street arc per year. Coal eighty-seven cents\\nper ton.\\nUnder private ownership, Danville, 111., population 16,000, pays $80\\nannual rental for street arc lamps. Cost of coal per ton sixty cents.\\nUnder public ownership, Ilannibal, Mo., population 16,000, pays\\nyearly $40.79 for each street arc, which also includes 7 1-2 per cent for\\ninterest and depreciation of plant. Coal $1.40 per ton.\\nUnder private ownership of the electric lighting system, Waukesha,\\nWis., population 8,000, pays $78 per year for each street arc.\\nUnder public ownership. Marietta, Ohio, population 8,273, furnishes\\nitself with street arcs at a cost of $44.50 each per annum, which includes\\n7 1-2 per cent for interest and depreciation of plant.\\nUnder private ownership, Lebanon, Pa., population 18,000, pays an\\nannual rental of $104 for each street arc lamp. Coal per ton $1.65.\\nLogansport, Ind., population 18,000, does differently. The city owns\\nthe plant and it costs them $24.44 per street arc per year, which includes\\n5 per cent interest and depreciation of plant charges. Coal per ton $1.65.\\n466", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP. 467\\nUnder private ownership, Big Rapids, Mich., population 5,200, pays\\n$41 per annum for each street arc. Plant operated by water power.\\nAt South Haven, Mich., the municipality owns the electric plant\\nand furnishes the same service to citizens for thirty-five cents per lamp\\nper month.\\nThe electric lighting plant at Muskegon, Mich., is owned by a cox*-\\nporation which charges fl.OO per month per incandescent light.\\nAt Three Oaks, Mich., the city owns the plant and charges thirty-\\nfive for the same service.\\nA private company furnishes consumers of electric lighting at Iron-\\nwood City, Mich., with incandescent lights at |1 each per month.\\nAt Shelby, Mich., the city owns the plant and an incandescent light\\ncosts thirty cents per month. But then Ironwood people have money\\nto throw at the birds.\\nFairman, Mich., is served with electric lights by a corporation which\\ncharges twenty-five cents per incandescent light per month. That is the\\nlowest charge made in the State by a private company.\\nWyandotte, Mich., owns a municipal plant and furnishes incandes-\\ncent lights at a cost of 16 2-3 cents per light per month. That is the\\nlowest charge in the State made by either a ijublic or private plant.\\nThe public plants average 30.4 per cent lower charges than the private\\nones do.\\nUnder public ownership, Brainerd, Minn., population 5,701, pays\\n$12.50 for the same service, which charge includes 5 per cent for interest\\nand depreciation. Water power is used.\\nUnder private ownership of electric lights, Watertown, N. Y., popu-\\nlation 20,000, pays |82.12 per annum rental for street arcs. Water power\\nis used.\\nUnder public ownership, Bangor, Maine, population 20,000, pays\\n$58.04 per annum for street arcs, which includes 5 per cent for deprecia-\\ntion of plant. Water power is used.\\nUnder private ownership, Fulton, N. Y., population 5,000, pays .f60\\nper annum rent per street arc. Water power is used. This price is too\\nhigh because of the peculiarly cheap power employed.\\nUnder public ownership, Niles, Mich., population 5,000, pays |25.48\\nfor the same service, which includes 5 per cent for interest and deprecia-\\ntion of plant. Water is the power used.\\nUnder private ownership, Sacramento, Cal., population 35,000, pays\\nf 123 per annum rent for each street arc. Water power is used.\\nUnder public ownership, Topeka, Kan., population 35,000, pays", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "468 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP.\\n$59.73 for the same service, which includes 5 per cent for interest and\\ndepreciation charges. Coal .f 2.00 per ton.\\nUnder private ownership, Dallas, Texas, population 50,000, pays |100\\nper annum rent for each street arc. Coal !i!3.75 per ton.\\nUnder public ownership, Galveston, Texas, population 50,000, pays\\n?84.73, which includes 5 per cent for interest and depreciation of plant.\\nCoal $4 per ton.\\nUnder private ownership, Chillicothe, Ohio, population 15,000, pays\\n$75 per annum for the light of each street arc. Coal |2 per ton.\\nUnder public ownership, Alameda, Cal., population 15,000, pays\\n|i5C.08 for the same service, which includes 5 per cent for interest and\\ndepreciation of plant. Coal .fG.25 per ton. (Six dollars and twenty-five\\ncents per ton.)\\nUnder private ownership of electric lights, Elyria, Ohio, population\\n10,000, pays |75 per year per street arc. Coal per ton |1.40.\\nUnder city ownership, Columbus, Ind., population 10,000, pays\\n159.42 for the same service, including 5 per cent interest and deprecia-\\ntion charge. Coal per ton |1.09.\\nUnder private ownership, the citizens of Bessimer, Mich., pay |1 per\\nmonth for incandescent electric lights.\\nUnder public ownership, the citizens of Stanton, Mich., pay fifty\\ncents for the same service.\\nThe citizens of Greenville, Mich., believe in the private ownership\\nidea and pay a corporation $1 per month for each incandescent light\\nthey use. The company utilizes water power.\\nPeople living in Marshall, Mich., practice city ownership and pay the\\nmunicipality thirty-eight cents for the same service that Greenville citi-\\nzens pay f 1 for. The city plant at Marshall is run by water power.\\nCitizens of Calcaska, Mich., patronize a private company in purchas-\\ning electric lights and an incandescent light costs them $2.50 per month.\\nMUNICIPAL OWNEESHIP.\\nBY FRANK PARSONS.\\nI. THE HEART OF THE MATTER\\nPrivate monopoly means\\n1. Privilege, unequal rights, breach of democracy.\\n2. Congestion of wealth and opportunity.\\n3. Antagonism of interest between owners and the public, producing\\nextortion, inflation, fraud, defiance of law, corruption of government.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP. 469\\n4. The sovereign power of taxation in private hands, and the ultra-\\nsovereign or despotic power of taxation without representation and for\\nprivate purposes.\\nRegulation, though capable of affording some relief, cannot attain a\\ncomplete solution, because it cannot eliminate privilege, congestion of\\nbenefit or antagonism of interest, and the motives to corruption, fraud\\nand evasion of law are intensified and evil is driven deeper into the dark.\\nPublic ownership, in the true sense, will abolish privilege and re-\\nmove the antagonism of interest between monopolists and the public\\nwhich is the tap root of monopoly evils. Public ownership alone can\\nattain the maximum diffusion of benefit, and realize the ideals of democ-\\nracy. Only the people have a right to sovereign power, wherefore only\\nthe people have a right to ow u a monopoly which Involves the power of\\ntaxation. Only public ownership can transform the monopolistic power\\nof taxation without representation and for private purposes, into a just\\nand proper power of taxation with representation and for public i)ur-\\nposes.\\nJustice and manhood require public ownership of monopolies.\\nThe change of monopoly from private to public ownership and control\\nmeans a change of purpose from dividends for a few to service for all.\\nIt is a fundamental maxim of business that property is to be managed\\nin the interest of its owners. Public utilities ought to be managed in the\\npublic interest and not in any private interest, and therefore ought to\\nbe owned by the public.\\nThe same managers who serve the interests of a small body of\\nstockholders now would serve the interests of a large body if the\\nownership were transferred to the public. Monopoly is not bad, but\\nprivate monopoly is; make the monopoly public and you keep the\\ngood and get rid of the evil. Monopoly we are bound to have; it is\\nan economic necessity; the only question is: Shall the monopolies\\nown the people or shall the people own the monopolies?\\nII. PRACTICAL STEPS TOWARD PUBLIC OWNERSHIP.\\nSecure the following:\\n1. Publicity of the accounts and transactions of corporations,\\nmonopolies and combines, in order that we may know exactly what\\nthe real investment, operating cost, salaries, wages, depreciation and\\nprofits are. The law should provide for direct inspection and audit\\nby public officers and for full publicity of the results. The public,\\nwhich supplies the franchises and the patronage, is of right a partner", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "470 MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP.\\nin the business and entitled to a knowledge of the inside facts. This\\nknowledge is needed to fully prepare the way for the following.\\n2. Effective prohibitions and penalties against stock watering and\\ninflation of capital, and taxation of the maximum, free or market value\\nof corporate securities, instead of allowing the companies to tax the\\npeople in rates on the basis of face and market values, while paying\\nback to the public a small tax on the actual value, or, in most cases, a\\nsmall fraction of the actual value of the plant. This will help to\\nsqueeze the existing inflation out of monopolistic capital, especially\\nif the tax rate be made progressively higher in proportion to the width\\nof separation between the maximum face or market capitalization and\\nthe structural value of the plant. This measure will have the addi-\\ntional advantage of enlarging the public revenues during the process\\nof cutting down overgrown capitalization.\\n3. Keduction of rates by legislatures, councils, commissions, etc.,\\nto the point where (after paying operating cost, depreciation and taxes)\\nthey will yield simply a reasonable i)rofit on the actual present value\\nof the capital the owners have put into the business. This will check\\nextortion, diminish the funds available for coiTuption and wealth con-\\ngestion, squeeze the remaining water out of corporate capital and\\nprepare the way for public purchase at reasonable prices. (The amount\\nthe owners have put into the business less depreciation.)\\n4. Progressive taxation of large incomes and inheritances, land\\nvalues and other properties exceeding a moderate individual holding.\\nThis will help to check the concentration of wealth, diminish the cor-\\nruption fund, return to the people a part of the money unfairly taken\\nfrom them in monopoly taxes, etc., and provide ample funds for the\\npublic purchase or construction of gas and electric plants, street rail-\\nways, telephone systems, etc. By perfectly just and lawful methods we\\ncan meet the cost of buying the monopolies by making the monopolists\\npay that cost out of the moneys they have captured from the people\\nthrough unearned rents, excessive rates and unjust legislative grants\\nwe can do it by means of progressive taxes levied in accordance\\nwith the principles laid down by Judge Cooley, John Stuart Jlill,\\nFrancis A. Walker and other eminent authorities, culminating in the\\nequitable maxim, Equality in taxation means equality of sacrifice.\\nThe eminent scientist, Alfred Wallace, advocates a strong progressive\\ntax on incomes and inheritances. He believes that 10, 20, 30 and 40\\nper cent of the surplus above the same number of thousands in the\\nincomes of rich men should go to the public treasury.\\n115^ ?9", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0540.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "k\\\\\\nW:\\n5\\nV^\\nK", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0541.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "m^ -y^i^*-\\n/..-V--.", "height": "2620", "width": "1811", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0542.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0J.\\n-v.^\\n--Shv/ .J\\nG\\n.0\\n4*\\nC\\nV\\n-N??-^-\\n-V\\ni\\n-^0^\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a24\\n\u00c2\u00bbf\\n-y\\n-V.\\ntv\\nu\\nrO\\nI\\n-i-\\nn*..\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-V\\n-.t\\n^0\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00c2\u00bbb\\n,0\\n,0\\n\u00c2\u00b0o\\n.0-\\nV\\nX^\\n.0*\\n3\\ne-\\\\\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^-o.\\n-0 .I A\\n.v^\\n^o.\\n^c\\n.0\\n.0^\\n^1\\nV^\\nv.\\nV\\nJ.0", "height": "2643", "width": "1785", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0543.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2761", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "splendiddeedsofa00fall_0544.jp2"}}