{"1": {"fulltext": "DT933\\n.MM", "height": "3369", "width": "2246", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3166", "width": "2028", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "DT 933\\n.M64\\nCopy 1\\nSOUTH AFRICA\\nCopyrighted by\\nGeo. W. Bond, Chicago\\n1900\\nenieAGO\\nStereopticon 3c Film Exchange\\n1900", "height": "3166", "width": "2028", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "-N\\n4", "height": "3079", "width": "1958", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVED.\\nSECOND COPY,\\nLibrary cf Congpo\u00c2\u00ab% 56635\\nfcn S1900 -1s.^-\\\\*5-.\\\\^c.d.\\nocfc lster of Copyright*\\nSOUTH AFRICA.\\nAn Illustrated Lecture by James Martin Miller.\\nLadies and Gentlemen:\\nIt need not be told an American audience that there is no teacher of\\ngeography, history and kindred subjects, equal to war.\\nWhat each one here this evening knew about the Philippine Islands\\nbefore the war with Spain began was not very much. Now you read\\nand study with intense interest everything about these far-off islands.\\nThe new relations in which the United States found herself so suddenly\\ninvolved with the West and East Indies, lead many of our citizens to\\nface the general history of colonization, and especially to investigate the\\nextraordinary place which colonization has occupied in the development\\nof British commerce and influence throughout the whole world during\\nthe last hundred years.\\nIt is not too much to say that a large number of Americans have\\ncome to understand the growth of the British Empire more sympathet-\\nically since they see in their own case how a great people can be im-\\npelled on in her historic development by circumstances and forces seem-\\ningly beyond her resistance.\\nThe shallow notion that Great Britain has conquered territory all\\nover the world, merely through greed, and cruelty and oppression, is\\nrapidly being relegated to the limbo already so well occupied of popular\\nprejudices and international misunderstanding.\\n*In 1620 two ships belonging to and English trading company hoisted the British flag\\nwhere Cape Town is now located, and took formal possession. When the action was\\nreported to the British government, it disapproved and no further steps were taken to\\ncarry out the policy of the trading company in annexing the territory,\\nIn 1652 the first permanent settlement was made by the Dutch East\\nIndia Company, with the full consent of their government. The crew\\nof the ship which had been wrecked had spent some months on the very\\nspot where Cape Town now stands; they had planted a few seeds, had\\nfound the climate pleasant, the soil productive, and soon reported their\\nhappy experience to the authorities in the homeland, Holland.\\n*They were not considered as colonists in the ordinary sense; they were all servants\\nof the East India Company, living there in order to facilitate the movements of their great\\nmerchant fleets. It was found necessary, however, at a later date, to have the land in the\\nimmediate neighborhood of the fort, parcelled out into farms, and to give these over to\\ncolonists of another type.\\nToward the end of the seventeenth century, the number of the colon\\nists were very largely reinforced by the arrival of French and Swiss Pro-\\n*If the lecture is too long, this may be omitt j:1.", "height": "3079", "width": "1958", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "2 SOUTH AFRICA.\\ntestants, who, having fled from persecution in their own countries to\\nHolland, were sent out, with their own consent, to the Cape. These\\nnew arrivals added elements of the greatest value to the little Dutch\\ncommunity. To them is traced the beginning of the grape culture, fo r\\nwhich Cape Town has since become so famous. The French families\\nbecame gradually absorbed, and soon lost all direct relationship with\\ntheir own country.\\n*At first these European settlers came into contact with the natives of South Africa in\\nthe trading of cattle and sheep. As their numbers increased, they gradually occupied\\nlands which the natives had used for the pasture of their cattle, and over this land question\\nthe first quarrel arose.\\nTo begin with the Dutch sought to buy the lands, At a later date, they gave up this\\nformality and formed the habit of seizing what they wanted for their farms. At a still\\nlater date they even employed the former owners of the soil as their slaves in its cultivation.\\nThe slave movement was most unfortunately stimulated by the introduction of negro\\nslaves from the west coast.\\nThe life which these distant settlers lived was by no means unenjoy-\\nable. The climate was extremely healthy. Their habits of life were\\nsimple and regular.\\nNo. i. A Traveller s Difficulty, Oxteams. They performed their\\njourneys, drawn slowly at the rate of fifteen or twenty miles a day, by\\nlong teams of oxen. They persevered and encountering many difficulties\\non the way as shown in the picture built their little house, tilled their\\npatch of land, looked after their ever-increasing herds, fought any of the\\nnatives who threatened to be troublesome, and paid their rare visits\\nonce or twice a year to the nearest church for the celebration of the\\nnachtmaal or holy communion.\\nNevertheless, the life was by no means elevating, for as they spread\\nnorthward they became less and less an agricultural, and more and more\\na pastoral people. Their farms became larger until no one was con-\\ntented with less than three miles square; they came to relish manual\\nlabor less and less and depended wholly upon the inefficient service of\\nignorant natives. They formed no large towns where they could con-\\ngregate, and plan for their advancement and higher civilization. They\\nlearned to love hunting and wandering about, and took pleasure in the\\nmere independence of their isolated life.\\n*Towards the end of the eighteenth century, three or four European countries were\\nengaged in a mighty struggle for the control and development of large portions of the\\nworld. It was being determined whether France, or Holland, or England should lead the\\ndestinies of vast regions through the nineteenth century. It was impossible that the\\nimportance of the Cape should remain unnoticed by these fierce contestants.\\nWhen, after open revolution, France seized Holland and drove the Prince of Orange\\ninto exile in England, the British government took possession of the Cape and held it in\\ntrust for the Dutch prince, restoring it in 1802, In 1806 Great Britain bought several\\ncolonies from Holland, for which she paid about fifty million cash. One of these was\\nCape Colony.\\n*If the lecture is considered too long, this may be omitted.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "SOUTH AFRICA. 3\\nNo. 2. Map. The Boer farmers, who in large numbers were moving\\nnorthward, met with many strange and dreadful experiences, but large\\nnumbers of them settled down in regions where they enjoyed comparative\\npeace and prosperity. Amongst these were the settlers in what is known\\nas the Orange Free State. This region, lying north of the Great River\\nnow invariably called the Orange River and south of the Vaal River,\\nhas for its eastern base the remarkable highlands of Basutoland, and the\\nrange known as Drackenberg. The country itself consists, for the most\\npart, of rolling prairies intersected with many streams. It is a rich\\nfarming country.\\nMr. W. T. Stead, editor of the Review of Reviews says, The South\\nAfrican Republic was in the position of the inverted pyramid; the major-\\nity of the population, possessing more than half the land and nine-tenths\\nof the wealth, and paying nineteen-twentieths of the taxes, had prac-\\ntically no share in its administration and no voice in its legislature.\\nNo. 3. Kruger. When the pressure upon the government by this\\nmajority, the outlanders, became severe, President Kruger was always\\nable to use one argument which he appears to have found convincing\\nand effective. He warned his followers that if the foreigners had the\\nfranchise they would wrest the government from the Boers and hand over\\nthe country to Great Britain.\\nIt is here, that, as it would seem, President Kruger s far-famed\\nshrewdness absolutely deserted him. Nothing can be more certain than\\nthat, if the foreigners had received the franchise, even with safe-guards\\nintended to preserve the pre-eminence of the Dutch element in the\\ncountry, the republic as then constituted would have been as strongly\\nanti-British as President Kruger himself.\\nThere were others, however, who were not blind and who were pre-\\npared to give another turn to the course of events in the Transvaal than\\nthat contemplated either by Kruger or by the invading host against whom\\nhe fought. In the year 1895 the citizens of Johannesburg decided that\\ntheir wrongs had reached a point which made a revolution necessary.\\nAccordingly, a number of the leading spirits of the city resolved to pre-\\npare for such an event. They felt, however, their incompetence to con-\\nquer the armed Boer citizens who would immediately be brought against\\nthem. Accordingly they looked around to discover some helper from the\\noutside.\\nNo. 4. Cecil J. Rhodes. They appealed to the Right Honorable\\nCecil Rhodes, who was at that time the most composite political per-\\nsonage on the wide earth. He was a member of the privy Council of\\nQueen Victoria; he was Prime Minister of Cape Colony with his seat of\\nauthority in the south at Cape Town; he was also managing director of\\nhe British South African Chartered Company, which means that he", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "4 SOUTH AFRICA.\\nwas practically the administrator of the vast territory ruled by that com-\\npany to the north of the Transvaal; he was also chairman of the De Beers\\nDiamond Mining Company at Kimberly, which means that he was at\\nthe head of the largest money producing industry in Cape Colony; he was\\nat the same time one of the leading capitalists of the gold mining\\nindustry in the Transvaal.\\nAs a capitalist he was personally interested in the development of\\nJohannesburg; as administrator of Rhodesia he had military forces under\\nhis control; as Prime Minister of Cape Colony he had the ear of the High\\nCommissioner of South Africa and of the British government in London.\\nHe knew personally and intimately many of the men engaged in the\\nconspiracy at Johannesburg. He saw that if their insurrection placed\\nthem in power they would form a stronger independent state than\\nBritain had to deal with in the present Boer government. Accordingly,,\\nit seemed to him not only in the interest of the revolution, but in the\\ninterests also of the parties ruling in South Africa, that he, as represent-\\native of the British, should place the new government of the Transvaal\\nunder deep and permanent obligations to himself.\\nMr. Rhodes made the momentous resolution to help the revolution.\\nHis action may be judged from different points of view. If the proposed\\ninsurrection was wrong, his action was wrong. If it was right the Tight-\\nness of his action depends partly upon the relative strength of the\\nmotives which led to his decision, and partly on the question of his\\nfidelity to other authorities under whom he was placed. As to his\\nmotives, no man can judge; as to his integrity as an occupant of a num-\\nber of public offices, much may be said. Mr. Rhodes endeavored\\nto put himself in the right in this direction by communicating at once\\nwith the Colonial office in London.\\nNo. 5. Mr. Chamberlain. Now in London the Colonial Secretary-\\nwas Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, one of the most striking figures in the\\nhistory of British politics during the last twenty years. Mr Chamber-\\nlain, a former Radical of the most advanced type, is a member of a Con-\\nservative government. He holds his position as leader of that portion\\nof the Liberal party which revolted from Gladstone on the question of\\nIrish Home Rule. It is largely through the influence of himself, and of\\nhis companions in this revolt, that the conservative party has held sway\\nso long in Great Britain. He has used his position of extraordinary\\ninfluence with consummate skill and with inscrutable modifications of\\nhis Radical conscience.\\nPresumably one of the chief ambitions of Mr. Chamberlain s life as\\nColonial Minister has been to distinguish his period of office by some\\ngreat striking deed of imperial splendor. It was his duty, of course,", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "SOUTH AFRICA. 5\\nto keep himself thoroughly aware of everything that occurred which\\nmight effect in any way the prosperity of any British Colony.\\n*Hence, it was his simple duty to welcome any information that might be given to\\nhim concerning prospective revolutions in the Transvaal. Nor was he bound by any con-\\nsideration to make this information known outside his office. If he were informed that\\nthis revolution was inevitable and that it might be turned to a profitable account for the\\nother colonies of South Africa, and for South Africa as a whole he was not bound to pub-\\nlish his knowledge.\\nBut it is strongly suspected, indeed, Mr. Stead s pamphlets have made it practically\\ncertain, that Mr. Chamberlain took another step of a more serious nature.\\nWhen Mr. Rhodes proposed to him, through a trusted messenger,\\nthat assistance from a British territory should be given the revolutionists\\nat Johannesburg, Mr. Chamberlain seems to have acquiesced in the\\nproposal, or, at least, to have agreed not to prevent it.\\nOf course the forces directly under the control of the British govern-\\nment, of the War Office in London, could not be so employed. But\\nMr. Rhodes, as administrator of Rhodesia, was also master of a large\\nforce of efficient volunteers in that region, whose skill and valor had\\nalready been amply proved.\\nIt ought, in all fairness, to be observed that the Transvaal govern-\\nment s transactions, especially those leading to the development of the\\nRepublic s military resources and efficiency, were not interfered with by\\nthe British government even although it was only against her or her\\ncolonies that this military force could be exerted. It is perfectly safe to\\nsay that there is no other country in the world, except perhaps the\\nUnited States, which would have allowed this development to go\\nunchecked. Neither Russia, nor Germany, nor France, would have\\npatiently endured these circumstances for a single year.\\n*On March 28, 1897, when Sir Alfred Milner was about to leave for his position as\\nHigh Commissioner for South Africa and Governor of Cape Colony, Mr. Chamberlain\\nused the following language. The problem before us and before him is not an insoluble\\nproblem. For what is it? It is to reconcile and persuade to live together in peace and\\ngood will two races whose common interests are immeasurably greater than any differences\\nwhich may unfortunately exist\\nThe outlanders could not long avoid the utterances of protest against the treatment\\nthey received. During the winter of 1898-99 affairs became rapidly complicated and\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0embittered. A small event will in such circumstances create great excitement. Such an\\nevent was the murder of a man named Edgar in December 1898. In itself, this was not\\nsufficient in ordinary times to create any public feeling of a political nature, but it was\\nlike a spark of fire in a mass of the most combustible material.\\nIt led to the holding of a demonstration, and the arrest of Messrs. Webb and Dodd,\\ntwo of the leading protestors. This Mr. Dodd is one of two brothers from the north of\\nEngland, men of the lower middle class, not capitalists, not firebrands, but intelligent\\nand earnest men who have been accustomed to the political freedom of their home land,\\nand who by public work and preaching of the Gospel, seek at home or abroad to help\\ntheir fellow-citizens.\\n*If the lecture is considered too long, this may be omitted.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "6 SOUTH AFRICA.\\n*In January, 1899, a large open meeting of the Outlanders was held in the amphitheater,\\nat which speeches were being delivered when the police force interfered and dispersed the\\ngathering. The excitement grew and took shape at last in the forwarding of a petition to\\nthe Queen, signed by 21,684 British subjects, which was forwarded through Sir Alfred\\nMilner.\\nPresident Kruger at this time made several public addresses, none of which indicated\\nany serious desire to solve the problems at issue, but he welcomed a counter petition\\nwhich he presented signed by 9,000 Outlanders.\\nThe union of the Orange Free State with the Transvaal Republic for\\nthe purpose of carrying on this war increased the difficulties of the\\nBritish, not only by adding thousands of soldiers to the Boer army, but\\nby vastly extending the frontier which must be attacked or defended.\\nIf we consider these two states as one, (show slide No. 2) a glance at\\nthe map wiil show how many hundreds of miles comprise the boundary\\nline between them and the British possessions.\\nAlong the western border we have first Bechuanaland in the north\\nand the Cape Colony from Mafeking down to the Orange Free State.\\nFor the southern border we have from near the point where the Kim-\\nberly railroad crosses the Orange River right across to Basutoland.\\nFrom the northeastern border of Basutoland the boundary line extends\\nnorthward to the tip of the Natal triangle at Majuba Hill, then eastward\\nand northward until the Portugese territory is reached, a little south of\\nLorenzo Marquez, near Delagoa Bay.\\nAlong the western and northern borders the country may be described\\nin general as consisting of what in America we call prairie lands, which\\nmay either be perfectly flat for many long miles or change into a roll-\\ning country. This is true of a good part of the southern border of the\\nOrange Free State, but as one goes eastward toward Colesberg and\\nAliwal North, the country becomes more hilly.\\nHere and there on these prairie lands are scattered strange and\\ncharacteristic eminences, which often rise quite solitary and steep from\\nthe level plain and which are known in South Africa as Kopjes\\nThese afford, of course, most valuable shelter for troops, are easily fort-\\nified and not easily captured.\\nNorth of Basutoland there stretches between Natal and the Boer\\nStates a long and magnificient range of mountains. These are rugged\\nand steep, some of the peeks rising to many thousands of feet in height.\\nThese are crossed at certain points by passes, through which the main\\nroads of communication have been made.\\nObviously, a border like the one last described can be easily fortified\\nand rendered almost impregnable against many thousands of the best\\ntrained troops. One of the first questions, therefore, which the world\\n*If the lecture is considered too long, this may be omitted.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "SOUTH AFRICA. 7\\nasked when the war was announced by the sending of the Boer ultima-\\ntum to London, was at what point or points in this very extensive\\nborder will the invasion, or invasions, be likely to occur?\\n*Closely connected with this and wilh the general problem was the inquiry as to the\\nnumber of soldiers whom the Boers could muster for their desperate struggle. Estimates\\nvaried according to the basis of calculation which was adopted. Some maintained that\\nthey could not reach more than 30,000, while a few other extremists put in a number as\\nhigh as 100,000 men. The latter estimate was avowedly based upon the presumption\\nthat the Dutch farmers of Cape Colony could be counted upon to rise in a mass and join\\ntheir brethren of the north.\\nThe safest and most accurate calculation based itself upon the fact that Kruger told\\nSir Alfred Milner at Bloemfontein that he had only 30,000 Burghers exercising the vote.\\nAs the total Dutch population of the Transvaal is about 80,000, and the total white popu-\\nlation of the Orange Free State is about the same, viz 80,000, it is safe to calculate that\\nthe Free Staters would not put into the field more than the same number of men, namely,\\n30,000.\\nThis total of 60,000 must undoubtedly be increased by the addition of several thous-\\nand foreign volunteers in the Transvaal, and of the Boer volunteers from the colonies,\\nwhich would bring up the total nominal force of the Boers to something near 70,000.\\nBut from that must be subtracted all those whom official duty, old age, sickness and\\nother events must have prevented from entering upon active warfare. Further there must\\nbe subtracted at least a few thousand of the Free Staters who must be retained on their\\neastern border to watch all movements in Basutoland, prepared to meet a possible invasion\\nby the fierce native Highlanders whom the Dutch have so much cause to dread. If from\\nthese and other causes we subtract 15,000 men, we are left with 55,000 as the utmost pos-\\nsible number of soldiers whom the Boers can obtain to send into the field for actual fighting.\\nThese 55,000 men are, of course, almost all of them, citizen soldiers; men, whose\\nages vary from sixteen to sixty or more, and who have left their farms and the firesides to\\nfight for what they feel to be the cause of liberty and justice. Already signs, not a few,\\nhave appeared, that many of them have entered upon the war with very little idea either\\nas to the merits of the cause they are defending, or the character of the enemy against\\nwhom they are going.\\nTheir appearance on the battle field is pathetic, and has stirred the blood and brought\\nforth the sympathy of innumerable citizens of other lands, not even excluding England,\\nagainst whom they fight. Whether their cause in the main be right or wrong, these\\nBoers, as individuals, have attracted the deepest interest of open-minded and intelligent\\nmen and women throughout the world.\\nThe plan adopted by the Boers very soon showed itself to consist of\\nsimultaneous advance on the British territory at three or four different\\npoints. The first and most important attack, which absorbed by far the\\nlargest part of their forces, was made upon Natal. Another small force,\\nestimated at various numbers from 3,000 to 5,000, was directed against\\nMafeking, the northernmost town in Cape Colony.\\nAnother large force at least 5,000 was sent to invade the very impor-\\ntant town of Kimberly. Several other commandos crossed the border\\nat several points between Kimberly and Basutoland, their object being\\nto occupy some of the northern colonial towns, to reach and interfere\\n*If the lecture is considered too long, this may be omitted.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8 SOUTH AFRICA.\\nwith railway communications from the south, and to destroy the bridges\\nacross the rivers.\\n*Even before the war began, it was known that the Boers were arranging their forces\\nfor the prompt and vigorous invasion of Natal. Accordingly the British authorities had\\nbeen most earnestly urged to hasten sufficient troops to that colony to resist such an\\ninvasion.\\nThe Boers had three reasons, very probably, for concentrating their most powerful\\nattack upon this region. In the first place Natal is rich, its farm lands are prosperous,\\nand an enemy who should suddenly descend upon it would find it comparatively easy to\\nsupport his soldiers by looting among the inhabitants.\\nIn the second place, Natal has a very small proportion of Boers among its inhabitants;\\naccordingly the invading army would not feel that they were fighting against kinsmen or\\nrobbing fellow Afrikanders for the support of the troops.\\nIn the third case Natal is on the sea-coast, and if the final victory, as many of the\\nBoers expected, should be theirs, they would be able to make a very strong claim for an\\nextension of their territory to the sea-coast, This long cherished and deep-felt ambition\\nwould give them at once a status among the nations which they never can possibly reach\\nwhile they exist even as an independent and self-governing community surrounded on\\nevery side by British territory.\\nThe British authorities who had not been idle although they had not-\\nentered with any conspicuous vigor upon the task of gathering troops in\\nSouth Africa, had sent a few regiments in response to the appeal of the\\nNatal government to Durban, and these, under the command of a bril-\\nliant Indian soldier, Sir George Stewart White, had been massed for the\\nmost part at the town of Ladysmith which is about 135 miles from the\\nsea-port of Durban.\\nThe importance of Ladysmith arises from the fact that at this point\\ntwo main roads from the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, meet\\nand become one road to Pietermaritzburg and Durban. If the General\\ndecided to prevent the junction of the Free Staters and the Transvaal\\nit must be at this point.\\nIn order to do this he sent forward about 4,000 men to occupy the\\ntown of Dundee, about thirteen miles farther north. This section of his\\nforce was placed under General Sir William Penn Symons; who made a\\ncamp for it between Dundee and the railway junction at Glencoe. These\\nwere the men who first felt the full brunt of the force which the Trans-\\nvaalers sent to Natal.\\nThe Boer s plan of campaign was very wisely conceived, and if only\\nit had been as thoroughly carried out, the small British force might very\\nspeedily have been destroyed. The general plan arranged for was an\\ninvasion of Natal by three columns. The western column was to go\\nfrom the Orange Free State, passing through Van Reenas Pass and the\\nTintwa Pass.\\nThis column consisted of Free State and Transvaal soldiers inter-\\n*If the lecture is considered too long, this may be omitted.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "SOUTH AFRICA. 9\\nmixed. The main center column was commanded by General Joubert\\nhimself, assisted by General Erasmus. It came through the pass known\\nas Laing s Nek, almost under the shadow of sad Majuba Hill and\\nthrough Mt. Prospect, where Sir George Colley had his camp before the\\nfatal battle in which he fell, eighteen years ago. Another force under\\nGeneral Lucas Meyer invaded the Transvaal by a road crossing the\\nborder farther east.\\nThe two last columns were first concentrated on the town of New-\\ncastle, which they occupied, then they moved southward upon Glencoe.\\nTheir movements were rapid but not well timed, the result being that\\nat the critical moment when their leading force came in contact with\\nthe garrison at Glencoe, it had not met with, and was unsupported by\\nthe larger force on which its movements depended for success.\\nOn October 20, 1899, General Yule announced from Dundee that\\nthe first battle of the war had been fought and won by the British. Close\\nto a road east of the town of Dundee, there rises a steep hill at a dis-\\ntance of more than 5,000 yards. The hill is variously named Dundee\\nHill, Smith s Hill and Talana Hill, and is nearly 1,000 feet in height\\nirom the level of the camp.\\nIt was evidently the purpose of General Joubert to have one portion\\nof his force approach on this side and occupy the hill, while he, coming\\non a straight road from the north, should attack the left flank of the\\nBritish force. On Thursday afternoon and evening, October 19th, the\\nBritish became aware that actual fighting had begun. Their pickets,\\nthrown out at some distance from the town, discovered the movements\\nof stealthy Boer skirmishers in the valley, and from time to time through\\nthe night, shots were interchanged. This began the war which will\\ndesolate so many homes in Africa and England, and which might so\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2easily have been avoided if the principles of the Peace Conference had\\nbeen followed.\\nNo. 6. A Boer Scout. The Boer is trained to a mode of warfare\\nin which scouting on swift horses is a prominent feature. He carries\\nhis belt of cartridges and a water bottle over his shoulder and wears his\\nwide brimmed hat. The rope around the horse s neck is used for knee-\\nhaltering, which allows the horse to move slowly about, browsing on\\nthe grass during a time of rest.\\nNo. 7. Wounded Boer Prisoners. The pathos of this picture\\nappears not only in the stooping figure of the man who is faint with\\npain and loss of blood, nor in the defiant look of one or two other Boers\\nwalking straight and scanning the distance, but in the contrast between\\ntheir disheveled appearance and the martial dress and commanding\\nbearing of the cavalry soldiers who have them in charge.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "io SOUTH AFRICA.\\nNo. 8. Armored Train Making a Reconnaissance. Armored trains\\nhave been used with more or less success quite extensively in South\\nAfrica. The train shown in the picture consists of a powerful engine,\\ntender and two cars. The sides are over six feet high, fitted with loop\\nholes for firing through; each car will carry sixty-four men. The train is\\ncovered with 24 -inch steel armor plate over double iron rails.\\nNo. 9. Wrecking an Armored Train. After Ladysmith was in-\\nvested by the Boers, several attempts were made to keep up communica-\\ntion with General George White. This scene represents the thrilling\\nincident when an armored train attempting to run from Colenso to\\nLadysmith was attacked by the Boers. A shell from one of the large\\nguns overturned one of the cars and brought the journey to a standstill.\\nThe British soldiers immediately leaped out, and under the courage-\\nous insipiration of Mr. Winston Churchill, a newspaper correspondent,\\nproceeded to clear away the wreckage and allow the engine to proceed.\\nThis was done under a continuous hail of bullets from the Boers. A\\nfew. managed to jump on the engine and were carried safely to Colenso;\\nthe rest were either killed or taken prisoners.\\nNo. 10. The Charge of the Lancers. The battle of Elandslaagte\\nended in the gloom of settling night with the charge of the Lancers\\nupon the routed Boers. The horrible scene is here depicted. The\\nBugler boy, who shot several Boers with his revolver, is shown in the\\nmidst.\\nNo. 11. British Attempt to Save the Guns at Battle of Tugela.\\nDuring the battle of Tugela the shells of the English guns fell short,\\nand in order to get within range they were run up closer to the Boers.\\nThe fire of the enemy was so severe that they were compelled to leave\\ntheir guns. The picture represents the brave but unsuccessful attempt\\nto save the guns.\\nNo. 12. A Sortie from Ladysmith. On November 8th and gth\\nthe Boers attacked Ladysmith in great force and a fierce battle was\\nfought. This scene pictures to us the bursting of shells and the falling\\nof brave men. The horror of war!\\nMany such scenes have been enacted during the long siege of Lady-\\nsmith.\\nNo. 13. Death of Native Dispatch Carriers. The dispatches\\nfrom Ladysmith and Kimberley were sent by the native carriers. Here\\none of them has been overtaken and brought down by the bullets of the\\nmounted Boers. This is war, and as Gen. Sherman said, War is\\nhell. We will all doubtless be glad to turn from the subject of war to\\na more pleasant one.\\nNo. 14. Zulu Ladies Reception. Zulu ladies love ornament and\\ntheir ideas vary as to the style which suits individual tastes and features.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "SOUTH AFRICA. n\\nThey eat from one dish, which is the pot in which the food has been\\ncooked. They use wooden spoons which they dip into the substantial\\nporridge-like food prepared for them. The most common grain used\\nsince the beginning of this century is the American corn, which in South\\nAfrica is called mealies.\\nNo. 15. General View of Johannesburg from Hospital Hill.\\nNo less remarkable than the buildings of Johannesburg are the num-\\nbers of trees which in ten years have all been planted, and reached their\\npresent growth, on the formerly barren hillside. Most of the trees are\\nwhat the South Africans call the Blue Gums. This tree is the\\nEucalyptus and was brought originally from Australia. It has proved\\nitself an incalculable blessing to many parts of South Africa.\\nNo. 16. Gold Mines at Johannesburg. On the bare veldt of\\nprairie, where hardly even grass would grow, these mines have been\\nopened to reach the marvelous deposits beneath the surface. It runs\\nfor about thirty miles, and will take about fifty years ere it is exhausted.\\nThe mines from the first have needed much capital, high intelligence\\nand great organization for their successful working.\\nNo. 17. Native Compound at Kimberley Diamond Mines. To\\nprevent the stealing of diamonds and the lawless degradation of the\\nnative miners who come in thousands to Kimberley from all over South\\nAfrica, the Compound system has been established. Each native con-\\ntracts to serve the company for a definite period at a certain rate of\\nwages.\\nDuring his engagement he lives within the Compound, where he\\nhas stores, a hospital, a school, a church, plenty of room for exercise,\\nand above all no opportunity to buy drink. The entire space is covered\\nwith wire netting to prevent the workers from escaping and from throw-\\ning diamonds out of the Compound into the hands of accomplices\\noutside.\\nNo. 18. Old Workings, Kimberley Diamond Mines. The dia-\\nmonds are found in a grayish soil called blue clay. Originally each\\nminer dug at his own little claim, the deeper they dug the more claims\\nfell in upon one another, necessitating at last the amalgamation of\\nmany claims into a few large mines. The wires stretching from the\\nedge carry little buckets which run backwards and forwards from the\\nbottom of the mine to the top. In these were carried the precious blue\\nclay, which was exposed to the air and sun before being conveyed to\\nthe sifting rooms.\\nNo. 19. A Zulu Militarv Review. Zulu regiments keep up their\\ncourage and their esprit de corps by frequent war dances and military\\nreviews. On these occasions, to the sound of low voices, sometimes a\\nthundering chant, they stamp with their feet in rythmic movement on", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12 SOUTH AFRICA.\\nthe ground. At intervals individual soldiers leap out into the front and\\nproceed to go through a mimic fight, displaying their own courage and\\nportraying the movements and feints and thrusts by means of which\\nthey put their enemies to death. A sudden scream will announce that\\nthe enemy is dead. The dancers in their frenzy sometimes foam at\\nthe mouth, their features become distorted, their voices hoarse and un-\\nearthly. The scene is weird, savage, terrific.\\nNo. 20. Native Wizard. This may be the most powerful man in\\nhis tribe, whom even the chief may fear. He knows too much; he\\nknows the meanings of his bones and the secret spells by which disease\\nand disaster may be hurled against the foe. He can smell out\\ncriminals who are generally enemies of the chief or himself and who are\\ndone to death at his word. He deals in drugs and poisons. In some\\ntribes the wizard and doctor is allowed to wear the skin of certain\\nanimals.\\nNo. 2:. Soldiers Graves. This lonely little graveyard marks the\\nresting place of soldiers who fell in the terrible war against the Macebele\\nunder the Chief Lobengula in July and August, 1894. This war was\\nwaged by the British South Africa Chartered Company, and resulted in\\nthe destruction of the most bloody-thirsty organization in South Africa.\\nNo. 22. Native Kraal. The cattle wander freely about the\\nvillage, the fowls are at home inside and outside the house. The\\nground is bare, the entire scenery at such a spot as this is unlovely and\\n-depressing.\\nNo. 23. Building a Zulu Homestead. This picture gives an\\nanimated idea of the process of building a Zulu hut. The strong young\\nbranches of trees are bent in a semi circle and intertwined with others\\ncrossing them transversely. This will be covered very probably with\\nclay and grass mixed, and the whole at last thatched over with grass\\nbrought in large bundles on the women s backs.\\nNo. 24. Waiting for the Vultures. Native warfare has three\\n-customs which civilized nations now abjure. They give no quarter,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2they make captives and slaves of the young, and they leave the dead\\nunburied. This gruesome picture shows one portion of a native battle-\\nfield after the battle.\\nNo. 25. Chief s Kraal Near Rorke s Drift, Zululand. The\\nKraal of a village or an individual is strictly the cattle pen, but the\\n-word is often applied to a little settlement or group of native huts.\\nEach race fashions its huts in a peculiar way; the Zulu huts are round,\\nas in this picture, which represents the little village gathered around its\\nkraal on the side of a hill which is without verdure or foliage of any\\nkind. A sparse, stubby grass grows here and there, the only nourish-\\nment of the cattle, which therefore have to be taken by herds daily to", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "SOUTH AFRICA. i S\\ngreener pastures. Rorke s Drift is a ford near which one of the worst,\\nbattles took place in the war against the Zulus.\\nNo. 26. A Family Group. The Zulu hut has a door so low that\\nadults only enter it by going on their knees and crouching very low.\\nThe women carry the water in an earthen vessel on their heads, and\\ncarry their babies on their backs in a loose skin tied around their\\nshoulders. The commonest ornaments of young and old are beads\\nworn around the neck and ankles.\\nNo. 27. Inside the House. This is an interior of a hut of unusual\\nsize. Its roof is upheld by strong beams, the fireplace is in the center,,\\nwithout a chimney, the smoke issuing simply through a hole in the roof.\\nThe furniture consists of two or three skins, earthenware pots, jars,\\nsacks of corn, and weapons of war. The native knows and understands\\nlittle else till the missionary and trader arrive.\\nNo. 28. Going to Work. The diamond miners are here running\\non the trolley through the air. This mode of descent is now only\\nemployed in what they call the open working mines.\\nNo. 29. Going Home from the Mines. These two Bechuanas\\nhave been working at Kimberley or Johannesburg, have received their\\npay in the golden coin of the British realm, and are traveling on their\\nroad from 100 to 400 miles to their distant home. They carry a few\\ntrophies purchased in the great city, and reckon themselves as they\\napproach their own town among the heroes and wise men of their tribe.\\nNo. 30. Zulus Defying the Lightning. Among the curious\\nsuperstitions of South African natives we must place that of making the\\nrain and the one depicted in this scene of defying the lightning.\\nPrimitive men think of nature as standing in a closer relation to human\\nbeings than we can conceive. When an eclipse occurs they beat their\\ndrums and raise their war shouts to frighten the evil spirit away; so\\nhere, when the lightning flashes and the thunder roars, the warriors\\ntake their shields and spears and defy the powers that threaten them.\\nNo. 31. Sifting the Gravel for Diamonds Kimberley Mines.\\nThe work of separating the diamonds from the gravel in which they are\\nfound requires an experienced eye and a quick hand. The large gravel\\nis first taken out by a screen, the remaining portion spread evenly and\\nthinly by a dextrous motion of the hand and the diamonds are picked\\nout one by one, all under the keen eye of the foreman. Woe unto\\nthe man who fails to get every gem, however small, from the portion\\nplaced before him.\\nNo. 32. De Beer s Compound at Kimberley. The De Beer s\\nCompany is the one which has swallowed up all the other diamond\\nmining companies and whose directors control the diamond markets of\\nthe world. This compound is large and well appointed. It has a", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "i 4 SOUTH AFRICA.\\nbathing pool in the center. The hospital is on the left. The outlook\\ntower enables watchmen to scan the whole compound and detect some\\nof the attempts at diamond stealing which are being constantly made.\\nNo. 33. Cape Town. Cape Town is famous for the beauty of its\\nsituation. In the distance is Table Mountain, on which frequently a\\nmist settles, locally called the Table Cloth. The suburbs of the city\\nsurround the base of the mountain. The city, being in a hollow, is apt\\nin the hot season to be very hot. On the whole the climate is good.\\nThis is one of the richest spots in the world for grape culture.\\nNo. 34. The Home of Cecil Rhodes. Groote Schuur is the name\\nof Mr. Rhodes house at Rondebosch, near Cape Town. It is a\\nbeautiful spot, on which he has spent much money. In the grounds he\\nhas a menagerie of wild animals which is much visited by the people\\nof Cape Town. The house is in the old Dutch style.\\nNo. 35. Mr. Rhodes Library at Groote Schuur. Passing inside\\nwe have a view in the Library Room. Here among the many volumes\\ncollected one might spend many a pleasant and profitable hour.\\nNo. 36. Mr. Rhodes Fapm. Mr. Rhodes second home in Africa\\nis about 1,400 miles from Cape Town. The picture represents the house\\nwhich he has built on his farm among the Matoppe Hills. He has\\nadapted the native hut style to the European requirements by connect-\\ning the huts with one another.\\nNo. 37. Olive Schreiner. This is the maiden name of the most\\nfamous South African author. She is extremely short in stature, a\\nwoman of very warm heart, impulsive, with great power of literary\\nexpression and noble moral instincts. She has espoused the cause of\\nthe Boers with the utmost passion, mainly because she believes that\\nthe capitalists, with Mr. Rhodes at their head, have been the cause of\\nthe troubles which led to the war. She married a Mr. Cronwright.\\nThey are now known as Mr. and Mrs. Cronwright Schreiner.\\nNo. 38. Street in Johannesburg. The gold city of Johannesburg\\nwith surprising rapidity became a city of stately buildings and complete\\ncivic organization. This was due to the high standing and intelligence\\nof the majority of men who settled in it and built it up. No city in\\nSouth Africa has a higher class of Europeans among its population.\\nNo. 39. Going to Market. In South Africa the historic mode of\\ntraveling has been by ox wagon. The large wagon on four wheels is\\ndragged slowly at the rate of ten to twenty miles a day by a team of\\nfrom ten to fourteen oxen. This mode of traveling is being rapidly dis-\\nplaced in many parts by railways and by Cape carts drawn by horses or\\nmules.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "SOUTH AFRICA. 15\\nNo. 40. Native Miners and White Overseer. These men are\\n-working in connection with what is called the tipping ground at the\\ndiamond mines, Kimberley.\\nNo. 41. A South African Pineapple Field. The northern end of\\nthe country is within the tropics, the tropic of Capricorn running across\\nit. The semi-tropical climate is healthy and agreeable. We have here\\na fine view of a Pineapple field.\\nNo. 42. Chief Teteluki Natal. Not a bird of Paradise a Zulu\\nWarrior the professional rapine and slaughter maker of South Africa.\\nNo. 43. Soldiers Monument. This monument was erected at\\nPietermaritzburg in Natal, in memory of the Natal colonial soldiers\\nwho fell in the horrible massacre of Isandhlwana during the Zulu war.\\nNo. 44. Dutch Boers Outspanned. The span of oxen has been\\ntaken out and placed within the enclosure for the night. The Boer\\ntravelers have lit their fire and are cooking their evening meal. They\\nare tall, straight, powerful men, accustomed to life in the open air, to\\nphysical exposure; some will sleep within the wagon, and some on the\\nground beneath it with their guns always within reach.\\nNo. 45. Zulu Kraal. This picture shows a circle of Zulu huts\\nplaced around the Kraal, or cattle pen. The pen is made of the smaller\\nbranches of trees trimmed, stuck in the ground, and bound together\\nnear the top, forming a strong hedge. Cattle are, of course, the princi-\\npal farm wealth amongst the Zulus.\\nNo. 46. Diamond Field Claims on De Beer s Farm in 1869.\\nBest view now possible of the scene where Cecil J. Rhodes, as a youth\\nof twenty, began work on his claim. The spot is now occupied by\\nextensive buildings and operations of the De Beers Mining Co.\\nNo. 47. Scene on an Ostrich Farm. Ostriches are here kept for\\nthe sake of obtaining their feathers for European and American markets.\\nNo. 48. Durban Road to the Berea. The beautiful city of\\nDurban is celebrated especially for the fashionable district called Berea.\\nNo. 49. House of Parliament Cape Town. The House of Parlia-\\nment at Cape Town will compare favorably in beauty, architecture,\\nartistic surroundings and utility, with the capitols of many states.\\nMagnificent paved driveways are lined with shrubbery and flowers.\\nMonuments of noted Englishmen, and especially those who have been\\nprominent in local affairs, are numerous and beautiful.\\nNo. 50. A Bridge on the Road at Mombray. On the road to\\nMombray, a pretty suburb of Cape Town, we pass over the bridge\\nshown in the picture. There are many of these beautiful spots of\\nnatural scenery in and around Cape Town.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16 SOUTH AFRICA.\\nNo. 51. Zulu Warriors, Uncivilized. Zulus as a people have\\nlearned to live for war. Their chief, Chaka, was the first to drill his\\nsoldiers in a systematic way, and thus made them practically invincible.\\nThey use either the isighi, which is a spear consisting of a long\\nwooden handle with an armored lancet-shaped point at one end; or the\\nknobkeerie, a weapon held in the right hand.\\nIn addition each man carries a shield. In actual battle the shield is\\nlarger than those in this picture, so large as to hide a man as he\\ncrouches behind it on the ground. The shield is made of dried skin\\nstretched around a frame of wood. The picture shows part of a Zulu\\nRegiment with its strange headgear and shields and spears, crouching\\non the ground with only their commander standing in front.\\nNo. 52. Zulu Warriors, Civilized. The second shows the same\\nclass of men after they have come under the training of British officers.\\nThey are armed with rifles and bayonets, and wear the light and useful\\nclothing of the native volunteers.\\nNo. 53. The Tugela River in Zululand. This river, before it\\nenters Zululand, flows near Colenso, and has been the scene of the\\nfierce struggle between General Buller and the Boer Army.\\nNo. 54. Mica Deposits in a Donga. An enormous deposit of Mica\\nis made here by the continuous flow of water which has gradually worn\\nthe rocks and formed this donga or narrow chasm.\\nNo. 55. Mr. Chamberlain and President Kruger with the\\nEnglish and Boer Flags. Joseph Chamberlain, the British colonial\\nsecretary, and Oom Paul, president of the Transvaal Republic, are the\\ntwo persons who are responsible for putting to the arbitratment of the\\nsword a question that might have been settled by diplomacy. Some\\npeople would call the president of the Transvaal Republic a religious\\nfanatic. Be that as it may~he makes constant use of scriptural quota-\\ntion in dealing with his own people and with his enemies as well. He\\nmost certainly has a strong personality and has united and cemented\\nhis people for powerful and effective action.\\nStanding full six feet and one inch in heighth, with broad back and\\nshoulders, he tips the scales at two hundred and twenty pounds. He is\\nin his 75th year, but still full of vigor both mental and physical.\\nLet us hope that the great contest now raging in South Africa will\\nbe settled in the way that will be best for the onward progress of the\\nworld.", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n019 920 718", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n019 920 718", "height": "3059", "width": "1888", "jp2-path": "southafricascene00mill_0024.jp2"}}