{"1": {"fulltext": "SSKywCCQO\\ng WZ\\np uSu ggpam", "height": "4468", "width": "2656", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Class\\nBook\\nCopightN?.\\nCOEflRIGHT i}J\u00c2\u00a3FOSiT.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "No. 1. Charlemagne, though unable to write his own name, pro-\\nmoted schools, arts, civilization, and was the most powerful and enter-\\nprising monarch of his day.\\nNo. 2. James Boswell, the celebrated biographer of Dr. Samuel\\nJohnson. He resembled Johnson as a fly does an elephant, while his self-\\nassurance and impudence have rarely been equalled.\\nNo. 3. Cinghalese, a gentleman from the mountains of Ceylon.\\nNo. 4. John Locke, a distinguished philosopher.\\nNo. 5. Tasmanian, an aboriginee of Tasmania. His head does not,\\nwhile his face does, manifest his cruel and cannibal habits.\\nNo. 6. Lord Byron, a poet of marvellous genius.\\nNo. 7. Cassius, a famous Roman general, described in Shakespeare s\\nJulius Caesar.\\nNo. 8. Rev. Rowland Hill, an English clergyman.\\nNo. 9. Lavater, an eloquent Swiss preacher, poet, and physiognomist.\\nNo. 10. Paul I., Emperor of Russia, as his feeble face indicates, he\\nwas one of the weakest rulers in Europe.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "FEB 5 1900\\nPhysiognomy Illustrated;\\nOK,\\nNATURE S\\nREVELATIONS OF CHARACTER.\\nA DESCRIPTION OF THE MENTAL, MORAL, AND VOLTT1VE\\nDISPOSITIONS OF MANKIND, AS MANIFESTED IN\\nTHE HUMAN FORM AND COUNTENANCE.\\nBy JOSEPH SIMMS, M.D.\\nTHIS WORK IS THE FRUIT OF NEARLY TWENTY YEARS DILIGENT OBSERVATION OF NATURE, AND\\nPRESENTS A NEW AND COMPLETE ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE POWERS\\nOF THE HUMAN MTND AND BODY, TOGETHER WITH THE PHYSIOGNOMICAL\\nSIGNS BY WHICH EVERY FACULTY IS DISCLOSED.\\nComplete in \u00c2\u00a9ne Volume\\nAND ILLUSTRATED BY UPWARDS OF THREE HUNDRED ENGRAVINGS.\\nIn Mystic Characters, our Features bear the Motto of our Souls. Sir Thomas Browne.\\nNEW YORK\\nMURRAY HILL PUBLISHING COMPANY,\\n129 East 28th Street.\\n1891.", "height": "4179", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "ONE COPY RECEIVED.\\nlibrary ef CefiSHt\u00c2\u00ab\\nFFR{5--1gQ0\\nR\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00bbl.t.r of Copyrf s \u00c2\u00bbf fc\\ntf*\\n(a\\nl\u00c2\u00ab1\\n56680\\nEntered according to act of Congress in the year 1872 by J. Simms, M.D., in the\\noffice of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, U. S. A.\\nEntered according to act of Parliament in the year 1872 by J. Simms, M.D., in\\nStationers Hall, London, England.\\nCopyright, 18S7, by\\nJ. SIMMS, M.D.\\nTROW 9\\nPRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY,\\nNEW YORK.", "height": "4160", "width": "2344", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe work here given to the public is the fruit of nearly\\ntwenty years observation and study, in the course of\\nwhich the discoveries have been made which are herein\\nrevealed and formed into a new system of Physiognomy,\\nstrictly in accordance with the anatomical structure of\\nthe human body. While I am convinced c\u00c2\u00a3 the vast\\nimportance of the study of Physiognomy, I am further\\npersuaded that if these principles were fully understood\\nand practised, the consequence would be, not only a regene-\\nration of the human beings now living in the world, but\\nthe generation of others far superior to those who now\\ninhabit the earth, and many of whom have come upon it\\nas unwelcome guests. Yice, easily detected, would hide\\nits head, and gradually disappear; while the human race\\nwould become refined and ennobled, mentally, morally,\\nand physically, by a true understanding of that which\\nimproves it on the one hand, and deteriorates it on the\\nother. The love which I bear towards my species, my\\nintense desire to see the human race what it ought to be,\\nand is capable of becoming, has prompted me to give this\\npublicity to these discoveries in Physiognomy. They", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "VI PREFACE.\\ninclude the mental, moral, and volitive dispositions of\\nmankind, as manifested in the human form and counten-\\nance, together with the signs and principles of each\\nfaculty; and they are illustrated by two hundred and fifty\\nEngravings.\\nIt has been necessary to coin a number of new words\\nto designate newly discovered faculties, seeing that the\\nEnglish language contained no single terms to express\\nthem. To Americans it is necessary also to explain that\\nthe work having been printed and stereotyped in Britain,\\nthe old style of spelling used in that country has necessarily\\nbeen employed.\\nPREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION.\\nThe large sale of the present work, which has been before the public since\\n1874, has encouraged me to issue a new edition to meet the demand.\\nIt need scarcely be told that the physiogmonical system of Lavater, taking\\ncognizance only of the facial developments and the head, is quite exploded\\nand that phrenology, founded on the structure of the cranium according to\\nLavater s ideas has proved fallacious. It is my undoubted claim that the\\nsystem which I have elaborated is the only one now extant that finds any favor\\namong scientific men; proceeding as it does, on the principle that the soul,\\npervading the human frame throughout, manifests itself in the face, hands,\\nneck, ears, hair, voice, all parts and every habitual movement. These I have\\nbeen observing and comparing during thirty years of travel in Europe, Asia,\\nAfrica, America, Great Britain, and Australasia, where I have successfully\\nlaboured as a lecturer and examiner of character. Many of the results are em-\\nbodied in the present work but I have in preparation another to contain sev-\\neral new discoveries, which, however, cannot be ready for publication for two\\nor more years. I am also preparing a resume of some recent discoveries respect-\\ning the human skull and its connection with the brain and the mental powers,\\nthe design being to correct the fallacies which have been taught by men ignorant\\nof anatomy and guided by partial observations to some lucky guesses amid\\nnumerous mistakes.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nIntroduction.\\nThe term Physiognomy Earliest Conditions of the Science Its Progress-\\nGreek Philosophers \u00e2\u0080\u0094Roman Authors Middle Ages\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Authors of the\\n16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries Lavater Act against Physiognomists\\nin George the Second s Eeign Surnames taken from Physiognomical\\nPeculiarities\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Interest Attaching to the Science\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Every Variation of\\nBodily Form or Colour corresponds to some Mental Characteristic\\nThe Variety contributes to Unity Causes of Physiological Phenomena\\nDevelopment in an Infant Effects of Various Tempers on Feature\\nPhysiognomy, a sure and cheap Science, slightly understood by all,\\nthoroughly to few Its Benefits\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Importance to the Merchant -The\\nClever Shopman instinctively a Physiognomist how it leads him to\\nact towards various customers Hairdressers Anecdote of a Clever\\nShopman\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Universal Application of the Science Evil Results from\\nIgnoring it\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Pleasure it Affords\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Moral Results of its Culti-\\nvation, 3-38\\nForms of the Human Body.\\nQuestion of Human Responsibility\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ancient Classification\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Author s Clas-\\nsification and Nomenclature: Abdominal Form; Thoracic; Muscular\\nand Fibrous Osseous or Bony; Brain and Nerve Possibility of Change\\nfrom one to the other, 39-44\\nThe Abdominal Form.\\nThe Facts of Nature Obvious, but the Reasons Obscure\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Earliest Geolo-\\ngical Animals Abdominal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 so were the Earliest Men\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Characteristics of\\nthe Abdominal Form Its Disadvantages Anecdote\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Food Indisposes\\nto Mental Activity How to Cultivate the Abdominal Tendency, or\\nRepress it, 45-53\\nThe Thoracic Form.\\nThe Thorax, What\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Signs of the Thoracic \u00e2\u0080\u0094Mountainous Regions Favour-\\nable to it, and why\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Its Advantages and Disadvantages, 54-59\\nThe Muscular and Fibrous Form.\\nNot Dependent on Size\u00e2\u0080\u0094 All Art is an Imitation of Nature\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Two Sets of\\nMuscles Exercise the Great Developer Dr. Windship\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Pure Air", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "Vlll CONTENTS.\\nNeedful\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Eminent Men who were Muscular\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Legitimate Rest Need-\\nful Examples of Life begun in Poverty Modern Aversion to Labour-\\nOld English Runners Gymnastics among the Ancients\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Causes of\\nMuscular Degeneracy Signs of Muscular Force, 60-74\\nThe Osseous or Bony Form.\\nBony Structure gives Firmness Causes; Food, Exercise Honesty allied to\\nthe Bony, Examples\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Signs of this Build Same holds good in Animals\\nStructure Hereditary Early Culture of Bone Men of Genius who\\ncombined the Bony and Brain Forms, 75-82\\nThe Brain and Nerve Form.\\nIts Relation to the Others\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Signs Dr. Spraker Changed Appearance of a\\nBoy through Study Brain Form Exhausting Is Restored by Sleep\\nand Physical Labour\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Injured by Stimulants or Accidents Astley\\nCooper s Anecdote\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Brain Injured by Overfeeding\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Authors of the\\n18th Century Abstemious from Poverty Overworking the Brain\\nHugh Miller Children Overtasked by Teachers, 83-95\\nLocalizing Faculties.\\nDemolitiousness and Concealativeness in Nature\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Not Localized Tendency\\nto Ascribe Locality to Faculties Ancient\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Modern So with Deity\\nMeaning of the term Faculty\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Human Faculties are not Localized, but\\ntheir Signs are, 96-102\\nThe Number of Faculties in the Human Mind.\\nMatter and Mind Distinct Mind gives Greatness to Matter \u00e2\u0080\u0094No Certain\\nNumber of Mental Faculties --Higher Faculties are Products of Cultiva-\\ntion Prayer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Christianity Music\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Language\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Faculties Propagate\\nAre not alike in All\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Newton, Columbus, Davy, Stephenson\u00e2\u0080\u0094 New\\nFaculties may be Discovered in Future Times, 103-109\\nThe Human Faculties, and the Priniciples on which\\nthey are founded.\\nA Faculty, What? Variety in Strength rather than Number\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Every Faculty\\nTwo-fold\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Five Classes Dependent on Bodily Structure The Selfish\\nWill the Active and Courageous the Opposing the Stedfast the\\nOpinionative Mental Faculties derive Support from Corresponding\\nBodily Materials Appetite\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Imitation A Man can Perform Nothing\\nbut from Elements in Himself\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Square, Round, Coloured, c. Limit\\nto the Cultivation of Faculties, 110-122\\nCLASS I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE SUPPLYANT POWERS.\\nABDOMINAL FORM PREDOMINANT.\\nACQUIESCIVENESS.\\nUnderlying Principles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Indications of Acquiesciveness\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Causes, 123-125", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. IX\\nAnimalimitationality.\\nMouth the Principal Seat, 12$\\nAquasorbitiveness, or Love oi Water.\\nIts Use Cause and Operation\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Signs, 127\\nPhysioelpidicity, or Hope Relating to Bodily Wants.\\nSigns How Produced, 128\\nGraspativeness, or Love of Gain,\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cause, 129\\nASSOCIATIVENESS, OR DESIRE OP COMPANY.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Necessary Bodily Conditions 130\\nAppetitiveness, or Propensity to Eat.\\nSigns Reason, 131\\nRetaliativeness, or Disposition to Return like for like.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Examples\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It Returns Good as well as Evil\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Requires the Muscular\\nas well as Abdominal Nature of Fluids to be Reflective, 132,133\\nPAGE.\\nCLASS II. \u00e2\u0080\u0094TEE PROTECTIVE ABILITIES.\\nTHORACIC ASCENDANCY.\\nSentinelitiveness, or Disposition to Watch.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How Developed, 134\\nMORIVALOROSITY, OR MORAL COURAGE.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Developed from the Thorax, and manifested in the Nose, 135\\nElevativeness, or Upward Tendency.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Origin Twofold\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Growth Upward and Outward, 136\\nOlfactiveness, or Sense of Smelling.\\nSigns Reaching Powers of the Nose, how increased\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Telescope, 137\\nResistativeness, or Disposition to Withstand.\\nSigns Combative Animals, 138\\nASSAULTATIVENESS, OR DISPOSITION TO ATTACK.\\nSign \u00e2\u0080\u0094A Bow-shaped Nose, 139\\nWatchfulness.\\nSigns, 139\\nSuspiciousness.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Crow a good Example\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Owl the contrary- How the Mental Watch-\\nfulness Works the Outward Sign, 140", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "X CONTENTS.\\nLOCOMOTIVITY. THE DESIRE AND POWER OP RAPID MOVEMENT.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Signs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Greyhound, Pike, Sloth\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Long-shaped Animals Swift, and weft\\nversa, 141\\nInquisiiiveness.\\nSi-gns Wedge-shaped Face and Protruding Nose indicative of a Prying\\nDisposition, 142\\nAmbitiousness, or Desire op Pre-eminence.\\nCoarse, Strong, Well-defined Features\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Napoleon the Great, 142\\nAUTOHEGEMONY, OR SELF-ESTEEM.\\nDisposition to Draw the Head Backwards and Upwards\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Beau Brummel\\nImmanuel Kant, 143-145\\nCLASS III.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE PROPAGATIVE IRC LI NATION S.\\nMUSCULAR AND FIBROUS ASCENDANCY.\\nTemporinaturalitiveness, or the Power op Appreciating\\nthe Lapse of Time.\\nThe Heavenly Bodies Circular in their Forma and Motions Good Judges of\\nTime round-faced, 146\\nPhysiovalorosity, or Bodily Courage.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Giraffe and Rabbit An English Pugilist A Professor of\\nBelles Lettres, 147, 148\\nSOPHISTICALNESS, INCLINATION TO FALSE REASONING.\\nSigns, 149\\nPlayfulness.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How Developed, 150\\nIntermutativeness, or Capacity op Substituting One\\nThing for Another.\\nHow Manifested, 151\\nPhilomonotopicalness, or the Affection for One Place.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Locative Habits, how produced, 151\\nTONIRECEPTIONALITY, THE ABILITY FOR APPRECIATING SOUNDS.\\nRound, Outstanding Ear Roundness of Musical Sounds, 152,153\\nCONCEALATIVENESS, OR THE INCLINATION TO HlDE.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Flexor or Closing Muscles, 154\\nECONOMOSITY. OR MANAGING FACULTY.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Franklin, 155\\nCJURVATIVENESS, OR THE CAPACITY FOR APPRECIATING CURVES.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Curved Principle Inherent, 156\\nACCUMULATIVENESS, OR DISPOSITION TO GATHER.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Earthy Construction, 157\\nMONOEROTICITY, THE DISPOSITION TO LOVE ONE ONLY\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How Res al ting, 158", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "contents. xi\\nVoluntativeness, or Strength of Will.\\nSigns \u00e2\u0080\u0094George III. How Developed, 159\\nMerriness.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 And the Principles of its Manifestation, 160\\nProvidentness.\\nSigns How Originating and Demonstrated, 161\\nCoNTRATIVENESS, OR DISPOSITION TO ASSUME THE OPPOSITE.\\nSigns Hog Hottentot Napoleon I. Distinguished from Voluntative-\\nness, 162\\nPoLYEROTICITY, THE DISPOSITION TO LOVE MANY.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Belongs to a Low Nature, 163\\nMnemoniconominality, the Power of Eemembering Names.\\nSigns, 164\\nChromaticalness, the Ability to Judge Colours.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Colour-blind People\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Reason 164, 165\\nDemolitiousness, the Propensity to Destroy.\\nSigns Strength Necessary Carnivorous Animals\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Broad Make, 166, 167\\nPhilonepionality, Love of the Young.\\nSigns Produced by Frequent Exercise Abundance of the Vital\\nFluids, 166\\nLlNGUISTIVENESS, OR POWER OF SPEECH.\\nSigns -Dependent on the Size, c, of the Organs, 169, 170\\nPhysiodelestatiousness, Delight in Pleasures of Sense.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How Produced, 171\\nCURATIVENESS, THE ABILITY TO MINISTER HEALTH.\\nSigns -A Transference of Vital Energy, 172\\nSOLICITIREPUTATIVENESS, OR Lo Tr E OF PRAISE.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sensitive to External Influences, 173\\nInexorableness, or Unrelenting Disposition.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How Developed, 173\\nConsecutiveness, the Capability of Close and Connected\\nThinking.\\nAppears in Permanent Wrinkles, where, 174, 175\\nSonidiffusitiveness, the Faculty of Vocal Music.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Chiefly in the Mouth, 176\\nI ECORATIVENESS, THE DISPOSITION TO ORNAMENT.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Eyes and Eyebrows, 177, 178\\nHUNTAT1VENESS, THE DISPOSITION TO PURSUE.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In tb.3 Eye, Forehead, and Carriage of the Head, 179\\nSagacitiveness, or Shrewdness.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Neck -Napoleon I., .180,181", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "Xll CONTENTS.\\nTradativeness, or the Disposition to Barter.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Jaw and General Configuration, 1 32, 183\\nAdaptativeness, or the Faculty op Perceiving Fitness.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Chin, 184\\nCLASS IV.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE COGNIZANT CAPACITIES.\\nBONY FORM PREDOMINANT.\\nDiscriminativeness, or the Judging Faculty.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Eye and Nose-Tip, 185\\nStructurodexterity, the Mechanical Ability.\\nShewn in Squareness of Face Complexion Suited for Iron- Working, 186\\nOrdiniphysicality, the Desire to Arrange.\\nGeneral Signs, 187\\nAngularitiveness, the Ability op Appreciating Angles\\nand Straight Lines.\\nSigns 188\\nBeneficentness, the Inclination to do Good.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Forehead, Nose, and Length of Face, 189\\nDecisiveness.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Features, 190\\nObseryativeness, the Disposition to Observe Closely.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Eyebrows Darwin, 191\\nPersistenacity, the Disposition to Hold On.\\nChief Sign\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Jaw, 192-194\\nEectituditiveness, or Honesty of Purpose.\\nSigns In the Squareness of Structure, 195\\nComputationumericality, or Skill in Counting.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Eyebrows How Produced, 196\\nSolidativeness, the Power of Judging Solidity.\\nSigns In the Gait and Eyes, 197\\nSuggestiveness, the Disposition to Help by Counsel.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Chiefly in the Nose\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Squat-Build\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Selfish, 197\\nOharacterioscopicity, the Power of Discerning Character.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Frontal Bone and Nose -Why, 198, 199\\nAmicitiveness, the Inclination to Friendship.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Forehead and Eyes, 200\\nOkiginativeness, the Power of Producing something New.\\nShewn in Coarse Features\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Why, 201, 202\\nMensurativeness, the Faculty of Measuring.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Lower Forehead and Eyebrows, 203", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. Xlll\\nPertinaciousness, the Obstinate Disposition.\\nShewn in the Jaw, 204\\nTemporimechanicalitt, or Mechanical Time.\\nCombination of Two Faculties and their Signs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Duke of Wellington, 205\\nPracticalitiveness, the Disposition to Turn everything\\nto a Useful Purpose.\\nShewn in the Forehead, 206\\nKeverentialness, Disposition to Eevere and Submit.\\nSigns Submissive and Unsubmissive Animals, 207, 208\\nCLASS V.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE ELEVATIVE ENDOWMENTS.\\nBRAIN AND NERVE FORM PREDOMINANT.\\nOrdinimentality, the Disposition to Systematize.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In Harmonious Structure, 209\\nPrescience, the Faculty of Anticipating.\\nEvinced in the Dreamy Eye and Forward Bend, 210\\nSUSCEPTIBLENESS, OR THE QUALITY OF BEING INFLUENCED.\\nSigns, 211\\nMentimitativeness, the Disposition to Imitate the Intel-\\nlectual Efforts of Others.\\nChief Sign\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Forehead, 212\\nAffableness, or Desire to Please.\\nEvinced chiefly by the Length of Neck, 213\\nSalitiveness, or Ready Wit and Fun.\\nShewn in a Pear-Shaped Face, 214\\nSUBLIMITASITY, APPRECIATION OF THE SUBLIME.\\nEvinced by the Shape of Face and General Organization, 215\\nFUTURITIVENESS, THE DESIRE OF A FUTURE LlFE.\\nGeneral Appearance How Produced, 216\\niEsTHETICALNESS, APPRECIATION OF THE BEAUTIFUL.\\nSign\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Nose\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Reason, 217\\nCarefulness.\\nSign\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the Nose\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Elephant, 218\\nSpementality, or Spiritual Hope.\\nFaculty Explained\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How Developed in the Body, 219, 220\\nPuritativeness, or Chastity.\\nGeneral Signs, 221\\nIntuitiveness, the Faculty of Arriving at Truth\\nwithout Reasoning.\\nSigns In the Forehead and Eyes, 222", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "XIV CONTENTS.\\nLlTERATIVENESS, OR SKILL IN PRODUCING WRITTEN LANGUAGE.\\nFall Forehead and Pyriform Face, 223\\nCleanness.\\nEvinced in the Hare, Rabbit, Hog, 224\\nPlTIFULNESS.\\nSigns in the Eye, and Position of the Head, 225\\nImaginativeness, or the Power of Fancy.\\nWhence Arising How Evinced 226, 227\\nPactimemoriativeness.\\nMemory of Facts How Shewn in the Forehead\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Remarkable Examples of\\nMemory\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What Impairs Memory Instances Directions for Improving\\nit\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Danger of Over-taxing, 228, 234\\nPrudentiality, or Practical Wisdom.\\nHow Evinced in the Eyes Signs of Imprudence in the Nose and\\nMouth 234\\nCredulousness.\\nDisposition to Believe\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Sensational Department analogous to this\\nFaculty, 235\\nCourteousness.\\nMedium Construction Necessary to this Faculty, 23*3\\nAttentlveness.\\nEvinced in the Position of the Head, 22\\nSympatheticalness.\\nNumerous Signs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Qualities Necessary for this Faculty, 238, 231\\nCLASS VI.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE PERFECTIVE QUALITIES.\\n(REQUIRING A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE OF THE\\nFIVE FORMS.)\\nGracefulness.\\nDeveloped in a Slim and Pliable Structure\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Inconsistent with the. Pre-\\ndominance of Bone or Nerve, 240, 241\\nProsperativeness, the Power of Achieving Success.\\nShewn in Certain Curves about the Mouth, 242\\nPhysioharmonitiveness, the Power which Appreciates\\nHarmony in the Human Body.\\nThe Indication in the Man Himself exhibiting a Harmonious Combination\\nof Material, 243\\nProportionativeness, the Faculty that Recognizes\\nSymmetry.\\nGeneral Conditions, 244, 245", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. XY\\nDeductiveness, the Faculty of Drawing Conclusions.\\nSigns\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Incompatible with a Low Flat Nose\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Kequires a Well-balanced\\nStructure, 246, 247\\nVarious Eaces of Men.\\nEuropean\u00e2\u0080\u0094 American Many Races\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Early Giants\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Physical Causes of\\nDiminished Stature and Improved Mind, 248-261\\nColours of Races.\\nUnchangeable Colour found with Incapability of Improvement Darkness\\nand Barbarism Synonymous\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Darkest Eaces the Oldest, 262-269\\nThe Generative Capacity.\\nNo Spontaneous Generation Signs of this Capacity, 270-275\\nThe Eearing of Youth.\\nClothing Food Lessons Obedience, Love, Observation, Politeness,\\nGentleness, Patience, Commingling of Sexes, Trade, Perseverance,\\nVices, 276-294\\nConnection between Various Parts of the Human Body.\\nLower Animals\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Signs of Quick Temper and Slow Revenge\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Of good\\nDigestion Of weak Kidneys\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Of base or Platonic Love Significance\\nof Eyes 295-301\\nInfluence of Food on Character.\\nThe Milk Sucked in Infancy Food of English, French, and Scotch produc-\\ning Distinctive Character, 302-309\\nThe Laws that Control the Lines of the Human Face.\\nSmooth and Hough Faces Lines Incident to each of the Five Structures,\\nas Abdominal, c 310-315\\nEffect of Altitude.\\nThe Atmosphere Physical Man most Perfect in Western Asia Degenera-\\ntion as He Recedes from this Centre Structure of Continents How\\nInfluencing Civilization Local Causes Affecting Mind Swamps and\\nLow Lands Hilly Regions Favourable, 316-333\\nCharacterized from Birth.\\nResponsibility Hereditary Good and Evil never wholly Eradicated\\nChildren, unlike their Parents, are the least Susceptible of Culture\\nExamples of Inherited Talent\u00e2\u0080\u0094 And Physical Conformation, 334-338\\nChange of ihe Human Face.\\nVariety of Face Changing with the Ages of the World\u00e2\u0080\u0094 And the Individual\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Eminent Men most Distinguishable, 339-344\\nCommon Sense.\\nDefinition\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Idiots and Lunatics\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Enthusiasts and Preachers, 345-350\\nThe Thinker.\\nHow Recognized by the Physiognomist Examples: Lincoln, Webster,\\n351 358", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "XVI CONTENTS.\\nCurly Lines.\\nRoundness of Vegetable and Animal Lines Influence of Large Towns-\\nDispositions of Curly-Lined Animals\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Children and Negroes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Students\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Mechanics -British Statesmen\u00e2\u0080\u0094 And American, 357-363\\nThe Walk as Indicative of Character.\\nPrinciples\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tall and Short Men\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Different Kinds of Step. Walk or Gait\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe Natural Toddling, Striding, Lurching, Sweeping, Firm, Shuffling,\\nIn-toed, Splay-footed, Plunging, Fatuous\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Artificial Military, Clerical,\\nLegal, Medical, Mechanical, Tradesman, 364-387\\nSalutation.\\nModes of Different Nations\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hand shaking\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Varieties, 388-395\\nThe Expression of Laughter.\\nOnly Human\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Not necessarily Vulgar\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Varieties, 396-399\\nHair.\\nDescribed Various Colours Indicative of Temper Texture\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Quantity\\nBaldness, 400-408\\nDimples.\\nCause of\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Not Found in the Large Boned Character of Dimpled\\nPeople, 409-413\\nMiserly Marks.\\nOrigin of the Word Miser General Configuration Niggards sometimes\\nReputed Liberal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Examples\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Wrinkles, 414-423\\nHarmony of the Human Face.\\nParental Influences\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Unbalanced Minds, how indicated\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Examples\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How\\nto Cultivate Harmony\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Music, 424-433\\nMasculine and Feminine Faces.\\nSex of Soul Masculine Women\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Uterine Influences\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Attraction of Mascu-\\nline for Feminine Natures, 434-439\\nSigns of Physical Strength.\\nHardness in Minerals and Trees\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Broad and Massive Structure in Animals\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094And Men, 440-445\\nPhysical Labour.\\nArabia the Anti-industrial Centre Industrious Nations\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Signs of Indus-\\ntrious Disposition \u00e2\u0080\u0094Modern Aversion to Labour\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Physical Training\\namong the Ancients Modern Physical Education, 446-455\\nThe Effects of Industry on the Human Face.\\nSmooth Faces\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Boy and Man Rogue s Photographs, 456-460\\nPhysiognomical Signs of Physical Endurance.\\nHardness Bony Structures \u00e2\u0080\u0094The Camel and Ass Lincoln, Weston, Jack-\\nson, Wellington, 461-464\\nMarks of Longevity.\\nBritish Association\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Signs of Longevity, and Causes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Long-lived Animals\\nand Men\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Term of Seventy Years, 465-47 J", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. XVU\\nOne-sided People.\\nFew Persons Perfectly Formed\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Causes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 One-sided Theology and Politics\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nMammon-Worship, 474-481\\nProgress in Animal and Vegetable Life.\\nAnimals which Vary in Colour are Capable of Improvement So Vegetables\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Apple\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Dog, Horse, Ox, 482-484\\nActivity.\\nPlan for Speed is Length\u00e2\u0080\u0094 For Strength is Breadth \u00e2\u0080\u0094Examples of Men-\\nAnimals, 485-489\\nEelative Proportions of Width to Height in Mankind.\\nPrinciples of Proportion in Animals and Trees Windship and\\nWeston, 490-494\\nPenetration of Mind.\\nDefinition of Penetrate Part of Speech Perception of Character Sharp-\\nness of Features denote Astuteness of Intellect\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Crow Greyhound\\nSharp Noses, Eye-bones, Chins, 495-496\\nPathognomonic Signs.\\nRavages of Disease Its Causes aud Reasons Signs of Cor sumption,\\nDyspepsia, Scrofula, Liver Disease, Chronic Rheumatism, Kidney\\nDisease, Love Sickness Anecdote\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Private Diseases \u00e2\u0080\u0094Medical Practi-\\ntioners, 497-504\\nFashion; or Man Deformed by Artificial Means.\\nBeautiful Human Forms Various Disfigurements, their motives\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Heads\\nhow Disfigured Noses\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ear- ring3 and Nose-rings Mouths Teeth\\nTongues Hands and Feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Nails\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tight-lacing Long Feet Pointed\\nShoes Stocks and Collars Hair\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tattooing Widow s Disfigurement\\nFace-patching Freckles and Pimples Tobacco and Alcohol \u00e2\u0080\u0094Tea and\\nCoffee-drinking, 505-536\\nSigns of Intelligence in Men and Animals.\\nRules for Discerning Intelligence\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Pointer and the Bear The Hog,\\nOpossum, Rhinoceros, compared with the Ox Human Intelligence\\nhow Evinced, 537-539\\nOriginality of Mind.\\nOnly a Few Predominent Men Shakespeare\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Napoleon\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Outward Marks\\nExamples Children not Originators, but Imitators Monkeys and\\nSheep Politics and Religion produce few Originators, many Followers,\\nwhy Despotic Governments, 540-545\\nMental Labour.\\nSavages Averse to all Labour Machinery vermis Hand Labour- Mental\\nLabour Exhausting Slow Development of some Minds\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A European\\nHouse and a Pyramid contrasted\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mental Industry in Races\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Signs\\nof it, 546-550\\nThe Love of Mental Pleasures.\\nEvery Faculty has its Object and Enjoyment in it Mental Faculties may\\nbe Used to Excess In Moderation, Intellectual Pleasures are Superior,\\nLasting, and Cheap Physical Signs, 551-55^", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "xv 111 contents.\\nForce of Character.\\nSome Born to Govern -Signs of Leading Men\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Men Distinguished foi\\nVigorous Writing, 554-556\\nDecision of Character.\\nImportance of Character Reading to Employers -Wavering Characters\\nRousseau and Hume\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Scotch and English Gladstone Anecdote of\\nScotch Decision Principles underlying Decision Demosthenes\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCsesar Napoleon I. Franklin Lincoln \u00e2\u0080\u0094Wellington French and\\nGermans Physical Signs\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Causes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Strong Bone\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Influence of Food\\nJackson a Thief\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Decision, not Dependent on Bulk Mechanics\\nseldom Thieves\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dr. Pritchard\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dr. Beecher\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Locke Work,\\nthe Foundation of Noble Character, 557-567\\nHumility.\\nHumility towards God, Wise \u00e2\u0080\u0094Towards Men, indicates Want of True Dignity\\nFew People Love to be Humble to All\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Many Bow to some One\\nMaster Sign in the Carriage of the Head Moderate Humility gives\\nEngaging Manners Affectation of Humility, 568-571\\nThe Origin of Physical, Mental, and Soul Life.\\nNature Teems with Life\u00e2\u0080\u0094 First Men were Coarse and Dark\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Whiter Races\\nProduced when the Earth became Cooler Still Superior may Yet\\nCome Forth\u00e2\u0080\u0094 First Men had Little Mind -Affliction Refines Mind-\\nButterfly\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Human Species might be Improved by More Careful\\nBreeding Signs of a Large Soul\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Future Life will be a Development of\\nMind and Soul, 572-577\\nPerfection of Character.\\nDependent on Parentage Influence of Consanguinity on Offspi ing\\nHarmony rather than Beauty, Desirable \u00e2\u0080\u0094Importance of Suitable Mating\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094How to Ensure it Fair-haired People should Marry Black-haired\\na Large Mouth, a Small One, c. We cannot Destroy any Faculty,\\nbut Restrain or Cultivate\u00e2\u0080\u0094 By Food, Study, Self-control, and Well-\\ndirected Love, 578-586\\n^ESTHETICALNESS, OR LOVE OF THE BEAUTIFUL.\\nSymmetry and Proportion contrasted\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Beauty in Sentiment and Love-\\nEdmund Burke s Analysis of-Beauty in Form and Colour-Sign\\nManner of Culture, 587-591\\nAttentiveness.\\nThe Father of Sir Robert Peel- Culture of Sir Robert -Advantages of\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSign\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Success somewhat Dependent upon Attention, 592-594\\nProofs of a Future Life Founded on Nature.\\nFalsity of Ideas based on Fashion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 All Life tends to Reproduction\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sight\\nmore likely to Deceive than Reason\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Examples\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Nothing in Nature\\nis Annihilated\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Change is the Law of Nature\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Desire of Future\\nLife an Evidence that there will be One\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Use of us here as BricKS in a\\nBuildino- Will be similarly Wanted for a Future Life, 595 600", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nFrontispiece,\\nPA61\\nThe Abdominal Form Large Tbe Claimant for the Tichborne\\nEstate, .46\\nThe Abdominal Form Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Wallace of Kelly,\\n46\\nThe Thoracic Form Large William III.,\\n55\\nSmall,\\n56\\nThe Muscular Form Large S. Judas Thadeus,\\n61\\nSmall Princess Anne,\\n62\\nThe Osseous or Bony Form Large Lowrie Coulte\\nr,\\n76\\nSmall-G. W. M. Nutt,\\n77\\nThe Brain and Nerve Form Large John Price,\\n83\\nDr. Spraker,\\n84\\nj, Small George III.,\\n84\\nLarge-Rev. S. H. Ty\\nn g\\n85\\nSmall -Thomas Cribb\\n86\\nWelsh Woman,\\n124\\nMrs. Bachus,\\n124\\nA Fort Rupert Indian,\\n126\\nHorace Greeley,\\n126\\nGeorge Morland,\\n127\\nNicholas Copernicus,\\n127\\nRobert Gregson,\\n129\\nNana Narian,\\n129\\nSamuel B. Ward,\\n130\\nDavid Duncan, a Hermit of Michigan,\\n130\\nDavid Hume,\\n131\\nGustavus III.,\\n131\\nThomas Becon,\\n135\\nThomas Molineaux,\\n135\\nLavater,\\n137\\nChinese Woman,\\n137\\nOwl,\\n140\\nCrow,\\n140\\nBeau Brummel, a noted Fop of England,\\n144\\nImmanuel Kant,\\n144\\nBach,\\n146\\nAn Indian of Callam Bay,\\n146\\nJohn Broughton,\\n148\\nJoseph Justus Scalliger fl\\n148", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "XX\\nILLUSTRATIONS.\\nA Lion,\\nA Giraffe,\\nA Squirrel,\\nJ. H. Newman, D.D.,\\nTamberlik,\\nThe Unmusical Ear,\\nThe Ear of Adeline Patti,\\nMr. E. F. Simms,\\nMiss Stuart,\\nMiss Harriet C. Hosmer,\\nJim, a Piute Indian,\\nCommodore Vanderbilt,\\nA Squanderer,\\nMrs. Margaret Fuller Osoli,\\nBrigham Young,\\nA Chinese Woman,\\nGeorge III.,\\nThomas C. Haliburton (Sam Slick),\\nCharles I.,\\nNapoleon I.,\\nThe Eye of Mrs. Margaret F. Osoli,\\nThe Eye of Brigham Young,\\nThe Head of a Turtle-Dove (Turtur Auritus),\\nWilliam Ross, employed in Chambers s Publishing House in\\nEdinburgh,\\nAntonio Allegri, or Corregio,\\nB. Gosse, Esq.,\\nJohn R. Webster,\\nThe Head of a Hare,\\nThe Head of a Tiger,\\nA Loving Italian Mother,\\nJohn B. Gough,\\nDeaf and Dumb Girl of Illinois,\\nA Parrot,\\nMarchioness of Hertford,\\nHenry VIII.,\\nAn Irish woman of Edinburgh,\\nMary F. Scott Siddons,\\nCyrus W. Field,\\nA Selfish Cat,\\nAn Irish Peasant,\\nParepa Rosa,\\nA Duck,\\nA Canary,\\nA Digger, an Indian of California,\\nThe Chetah, or Hunting Leopard,\\nThomas Parr,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "ILLUS\\n5TRATI\\nDNS.\\nXXI\\nP GB\\nA Chimpanzee, taken from life, in the Zoological Gardens of London,\\n181\\nAn Ostrich,\\n181\\nAn Asiatic Elephant, t\\n181\\nJacob Strawn, an extensive farmer and cattle dealer of Illinois.\\n182\\nMr. T. Glover, a Dry Goods merchant of Quebec,\\n183\\nThomas Cook and Wife (Avarice),\\n184\\nLinnasus,\\n185\\nA Chinese Woman,\\n185\\nJames Watt,\\n186\\nP. T. Barnum,\\n186\\nEdwin Booth,\\n188\\nA Disorderly Flat-head Indian,\\n188\\nEdward V.,\\n189\\nAn Old Cardinal,\\n189\\nPeter Cooper,\\n190\\nAn Australian Man,\\n190\\nMontesquieu,\\n191\\nLouis W. Jackson,\\n1 a\\n191\\nCharles Darwin,\\n1\\n192\\nPersistenacity very Large,\\n1\\n193\\nJohnny, Persistenacity very Small,\\n193\\nA Prairie Wolf, or Coyote,\\na\\n193\\nA Bull-dog,\\n193\\nJohn Tetzel, the dishonest face,\\nI\\n194\\nAndrew Jackson, the honest face,\\n194\\nLizzie Smith, a pickpocket,\\n195\\nWilliam Tyndale, a martyr,\\n195\\nLord George Lyttleton, who was unable to learn the common\\nrules of Arithmetic,\\n196\\nThos. Allen, the first Mathematician of his day,\\n196\\nMr. Holcraft, of California\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Suggestiveness Large,\\n198\\nJ. B. Porta, the Inventor of the Camera Obscura and Physiognomist,\\n199\\nRev. J. G. Lavater, Poet and Physiognomist,\\n199\\nMrs. Lydia H. Sigourney,\\n200\\nCatharine II.,\\n200\\nProf. S. F. B. Morse,\\nI\\n201\\nGeo. IV.,\\na\\n202\\nJ. Q. A. Ward, Sculptor,\\na a\\n203\\nCharles XII., of Sweden,\\na a\\n204\\nRistori, Actress,\\n204\\nThe Head of a Hunting Horse,\\na\\n205\\nThe Head of an Ass,\\n205\\nA Chinese Girl,\\ni\\n205\\nThe Duke of Wellington,\\n205\\nThomas D Urfey, an impractical English Poet,\\n206\\nC. M. Wieland, a practical Poet of Germany,\\n206\\nAmbrose Pare, a distinguished French Surgeon,\\n209\\nRatasse, Prince of Madagascar,\\n209", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "XXI]\\nILLUSTRATIONS.\\nCharles James Fox,\\nJohn Elwes, a noted Miser of London,\\nElizabeth Canning Mentimitativeness Large,\\nMary Squires, the Gipsy,\\nRulof, a murderer,\\nMrs. Josephine A. Prosch, of New York,\\nUte Indian, of Salt Lake,\\nSamuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain), Author of Innocents Abroad.\\nKettle, a Selfish Indian Chief, of Washington Territory,\\nCharlemagne iEstheticalness Large,\\nFlavius Josephus Carefulness Large,\\nThomas Hudson, notoriously Unfortunate,\\nJames Fisk, jr., of Erie Railroad notoriety,\\nJohn Milton Spementality Large,\\nA Patagonian Puritati veness Small,\\nLucretia Mott, a Quakeress Preacher,\\nSimon Fraser Lovat Intuiti veness Small,\\nGiuseppe Mazzini, a talented Italian Patriot,\\nMr. Thos. Rogerson Literativeness Small,\\nJohn Ruskin, a brilliant Author and Art Critic,\\nThe Duchess of Kent, the Mother of Her Majesty, Queen Victoria,\\nNathaniel Bently, the dirtest Man in England,\\nNero Pitifulness very Small,\\nBaroness Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts,\\nLamartine -Imaginativeness Large,\\nA Babbler\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Imaginativeness Small,\\nFrederick H. A. Baron von Humboldt,\\nMiss Catharine Dunn, whose weight is 425 Pounds,\\nA Saucy Boy, of Jacksonville, Illinois,\\nJohn Sherman, U.S., a Senator from Illinois,\\nVoltaire\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Credulousness Small,\\nWin. Harvey, M.D., who discovered the Circulation of the Blood\\nD. Fernando VII., a Tyrant,\\nCount D Orsay\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Courteousness Large,\\nAbbey Kelley Foster\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Attentiveness Large,\\nHis Majesty Pomarre, King of Taheite,\\nRobespierre, a Bloody Tyrant,\\nEustache Sympatheticalness Large,\\nA Swan\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gracefulness Larp;e,\\nA Male Hippopotamus, taken from lifo, in the Zoological Gardens\\nin London,\\nCaius Julius Csesar, the Dictator,\\nA Kyast Banian Man, of Surat, in India,\\nCut Nose, an Indian,\\nG. F. Handel\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Physioharmoniti veness Large,\\nSarah and John Rovin, aged 164 and 172 respectively,\\nPetrarch Zortan, 185 years of age,\\nA Flat Head Indian,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nXXUi\\nA Quatsino Indian,\\nDr. John Hunter,\\nFoolish Sam\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Deductiveuess Small,\\nJohn Locke\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Deductiveuess Large,\\nKing William, of Prussia,\\nA Flat-head Indian, Front and Profile,\\nA Quatsino, of the N. W. Coast of Vancouver Lsland,\\nA murderous Indian of Minue o a,\\nA Digger Indian, of California (full length).\\nOrison J. Stone, of Boston,\\nNegro Boy,\\nJohn Wycklifife,\\nJohn Broughton, a bloodthirsty Pugilist-\\nLove and Obedience,\\nHate and Disobedience,\\nDavid Hume,\\nGustavus III.,\\nVitellius, a good Digestion,\\nCharles VI., Emperor of West Austria,\\nAulus Vitellius, Emperor of Rome,\\nFoolish Sam,\\nMajor, a Lunatic of Glasgow,\\nCurly Face,\\nStraight Face,\\nSystematic and Straightforward Gentleman,\\nSurly and Deceptive Scamp,\\nA Curly, Ambitious, and Jealous Dog,\\nFoolish Mary,\\nBob Dreghorn\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Striding Gait,\\nBlind Alick The Sweeping Gait,\\nCaptain Paton, of Glasgow,\\nDavid Dale, a Good Man,\\nFilament of Wool,\\nNegro Hair,\\nLove, Faith, Intuition, and Innocence^\\nMiss Margaret Clephne,\\nJohn Elwes,\\nDaniel Dancer, a Miser and Hermit,\\nDavid Duncan, Hermit of Michigan,\\nWashington Irving,\\nRev. John Summerfield,\\nMiss Rosa Bonheur,\\nEgbert, Ktnf of the West Saxons,\\nDiogenes, 1 Dynic Philosopher,\\nLucius Annaeus Seneca, a celebrated Roman Philosopher,\\nA Scotchman, of Edinburgh,\\nGreyfriar s Bobby,\\nA Macrone,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "XXIV\\nILLUSTRATIONS.\\nA Quatsino, Indian Girl,\\nA Oumana Woman,\\nA Welsh Woman,\\nAn Egyptian Man,\\nA Muscovite Man,\\nA Flat-head Indian,\\nA West India Man,\\nA Greek Man,\\nA Scythian Man,\\nA Belini Man,\\nA Woman of Zanzibar,\\nA Woman of Scatia,\\nA Peruvian Man,\\nA Persian Man,\\nA Kyast Banian Woman, of Smat,\\nA Flat-head Indian,\\nA Cornori Woman,\\nA Cochi Woman,\\nA Woman of Turkey,\\nAn Ethiopian,\\nA Parie Man,\\nA Macus Man,\\nA Tanibalian,\\nA Portuguese Woman,\\nA Chinese Man,\\nMiss Tight-laced,\\nNatural Waist,\\nA Chinese Woman,\\nA Scjopede Man,\\nA China Man,\\nCaptain Staddon, of Fan Fi^ancisco,\\nRev. Henry Ward Beecher,\\nFashionable Head-dress of U. S. A\\nA Digger Indian, attired for an am\\nAn Indian of Arizona,\\nA Samian Man,\\nA Digger Indian, of Calif* vyaa,\\nHon. Daniel Webster,\\nAn Irish Peasant,\\nin Western in\\niia,\\nin I860,\\nlal War Dance,\\nUpwards of 40 portraits have been added to this book since this list\\nof illustrations was compiled.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "THE NAME, PRONUNCIATION, SYLLABICATION,\\nA ND A CCENTUATION OF EA CM FA C ULTY.\\nThe pronunciation is given immediately after each word in the following\\nlist, by the word being spelt anew phonetically. The number of the page\\nwhere the literal moaning of the word may be found is given opposite each\\nword respectively.\\nAc quiesciveness, ak -kwl-e s -siv-ne s\\nAmmalimitationalitj an -i-mal-imi-ta -shun-al -i-ty\\nAquasorbitiveness, ak -kwa-sor -bit-iv-nes\\nPuysioelpidicity, fiz -i-6-eT-pi-dis -i-ty\\nGraspativeness, gras -pat-iv-nes\\nAs30ciativeness, as-so-see-a -tiv-nes\\nAppetitiveness, ap -pe-ti -tiv-nes\\nEetaliativeness, re-tal-i-a -tiv-nes\\nSentinelitiveness, sen -ti-nel -i-tiv-nes\\nMorivalorosity, mo ri-val-S-ro/ -i-ty\\nElevativeness, el- e-va -tiv-nes\\nOlfactiveness, ol-fak -tiv-nes\\nResistativeness, re-zis -ta-tiv-ngs\\nAssaultiveness, as-sauli -ta-tiv-nes\\nWatchfulness, watch ful-nes\\nSuspiciousness, sus-pish -iis-ne s\\nLocomotivity, lo -ko-mo-tiv -i-ty\\nInquisitiveness, ln-kvriz -it-iv-nes\\nAmbitiousness, am-liifh -ua-ues\\nAutohegemony, aw -to-he-gem -6-ny\\nTemporinaturalitivene-s, tem -po-rl-nat -u-ral -i-tiv\\nPhysiovalorosity, fiz -i-6-var- -ios -i-ty\\nSophisticalness, so-fis -ti-kal-iies\\nPlayfulness, pla -iul-nes\\nIntermutativeness, m-ter-mu -ta-tiv-nes\\nPhilomonotopicalness, fi -lo-mon -o-top-i-kal-nes\\nTonireceptionality, ton -i-re-sep -shiin-al -i-ty\\nConcealativeness, kon-see -la-tiv-nes\\nEconomosity, e-kon -6-mos -sity\\nCurativeness, ku ra-tiv-nes\\nAccumulativeness, ak -ku-mu-la -tiv-nes\\nMonoeroticity, mon -6-er -6-tis -i-ty\\nVoluntativeness, vo -lun-ta -tiv-nes\\nMerriness, mer -i nes\\nProvidentness, prov -i-dent-nes\\nContrativeness, kon -tra-tiv-nes\\nPoiyeroticity, pol -i-er-6-tis -i-ty\\nMnemoniconominality,ne-m6n -i-k8n-6m-i-nar -i-\\nChromaticalness, kro-mat -i-kal-nes\\nDemolitiousness, de-mo-lTsh -iis-nes\\nPhilonepionality, fi -lo-ne -pe-o-nal -i-ty\\nLinguistiveness, liDg-gwist -iv-nes\\nPhysiodelectatiousness, f iz -i- 6-de-lek-ta -shus-ne\\nCurativeness, ku -ra-tiv-nea\\nSolicitireputativeness, so-lis -i-tl-rep-u-ta tiv-nes\\nInexorableness, in-egz -6-rab-el-nes\\nConsecutiveness kon-sek -u-tiv-nes\\nSonidiffusitiveness, so-ni-dif-fu -si-trv-nes\\nDecorativeness, dek-o-ra -tiv-nes\\nPAGH\\n123\\n126\\n127\\n128\\n129\\n130\\n131\\n132\\n134\\n135\\n136\\n137\\n138\\n139\\n139\\n140\\n141\\n142\\n142\\n143\\n146\\n147\\n149\\n150\\n151\\n151\\n152\\n154\\n155\\n155\\n157\\n158\\n159\\n160\\n161\\n162\\n163\\n164\\n164\\n166\\n168\\n169\\n171\\n172\\n173\\n173\\n174\\n176\\n177", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "11 NAME, PRONUNCIATION, ETC., OF EA,H FACULTY.\\nPAGl\\nHuntativenes?, bunt -tiv-nes 179\\nSagaeitiveness, sa-gas-i-tiv-nes 180\\nTradativeness, trad -a-iiv-nes 182\\nAdaptativeness, a-dap -ta-tiv-nes 183\\nDiscriminativeness, uis kiini-i-na -tiv-ries 185\\nStructurodexterity, struk -tu-r6-dex-ter -i-ty 186\\nOrdiniphysicality, 6r -dia-i-tiz-i-kal -i-ty 187\\nAngularitiveness, ang-gu-lar -i-tiv-nes 188\\nBeneficentness, be-nef -i-sent-nes 189\\nDecisiveness, desi -siv-nes 190\\nObservativeness, ob-zer -va-tiv-nes 191\\nPersistenacity, per-zis-ten-a -si-ty 192\\nRectituditiveness, rek-ti-tu -di-tiv-nes 194\\nConiputatioaumericality, kom-pu-ta -sho-nu-mer-i-kal-i-ty 196\\nSolidativeness, sol-i-d a -tiv-nes 197\\nSuggestive u ess, suj-jes -tiv-nes 197\\nCharacterioscopicity, kar-ak-ter -i-6-sko-piss -i-ty 198\\nAmicitiveness, am-i-si -tiv-ces 200\\nOriginativeness, 6-rij-in-a ^tiv-nes ,,201\\nMensurativeness, men-su-ra -trv-nes 203\\n^Pertinaciousness, per-ti-na -shtis-nes 20 i\\nTemporimechanicality, tem -po-ri-me-kan-i-kal -i-ty 205\\nPracticalitiveness, prak-ti-kal -l-tiv-nes 206\\nReverentialness, rev -er-en -shal-nes 207\\nOrdinimentality, or -din-i-men-tal -i-ty 209\\nPrescience, pre -shens 21C\\nSusceptibleness, sus-sep -tible-nes 211\\nMentimitativeness, ment-im-i-ta-tiv-nes 212\\nAffdbleness, af-able-nes 213\\nSalitiveness, sal -i-tiv-nes 214\\nSublimitasity, sub lim-i-ias -i-ty 215\\nFuturitiveness, fu-ture -i-tiv-nes 216\\nJEstbeticalness, ace-tbet -i-kal-nes 217\\nCarefulness, kair -ful-nes .218\\nSpementality, spe-men-tal -i-ty 21 f\\nPuritativeness, pu-ri-ta -tiv-ngs 221\\nIntuitiveness, in-tu -it-iv-nes 22?\\nLiterativeness, lit -ter-a-tiv-nes 223\\nCleanness, kleen -nes 224\\nPitifulness, pit -i-ful-nes 225\\n^Imaginativeness, lm-maj -m-a-tiv-nes 226\\nFactimemoriativenes?, lak -ti-niem-6 -ri-a-tiv-nes., 228\\nPrudentiality, pru. den-she-al -li-ty 23\\nCredulousness, kred -u-liis-nes 234\\nCourteousness, kort -ytis-nes 236\\nAttentiveness, a t-ten -txv-nes 237\\nSympatheticalness, slm-pa-thet -i-kal-nes 238\\nGracefulness, graiss -ful-nes 240\\nProsperativeness, pros-sper -a-tiv-nes 242\\nPhysioharmonitiveness, iiz-i-6-har-mon -i-tiv-nes. 4 243\\nProportionativen^ss, pro por -shiiu-ate-iv-nes 214\\nDeductiveness, de-diik -tiv-nes 246\\nNote. Prone unce a as a in fate; a as in fat; a as in father.\\ne as e in me e as in met.\\nw i as i in fine i as in f In.\\n6 us o in no o as in not.\\nti u as u in pure ii as in )tit u as u in rule.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nFor the science upon which we propose to treat, a science\\nso comprehensive in its grasp, and embracing, as it does,\\nthose mysterious principles of nature itself, which are so\\napparent in their manifestations, and yet, in the eternal\\nconditions of their origin, so impervious hitherto to the most\\nindefatigable and unwearied researches of master minds, we\\nhave no more fitting a term than that of Physiognomy;\\na designation all too inadequate in the poverty and con-\\ntractedness of its literal significance, to draw together, and\\nfully to shadow forth in one word, the infinity of meaning\\nwhich has its abode within the range of the subject.\\nAdopted at an epoch when little more than the merest\\noutline of facial peculiarity was wanted to be expressed,\\nwhen comparatively little importance was attached to these\\npeculiarities, and when, it need scarcely be said, the subse-\\nquent importance to which this department of Nature s\\nmystic operations was destined to attain, was never so\\nmuch as thought or dreamed of, the term Physiognomy\\nperformed its indicative functions passably well. As, how-\\never, through the slow course of centuries, the importance of\\nthe science became better appreciated, and its ultimate com-\\nprehensiveness began to be faintly shadowed foith, the\\npoverty of the term fell further and further short of the\\nwidened signification which it was called upcn to do duty", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "4 INTRODUCTION.\\nfor and but for this slow and almost imperceptible ripening\\ninto maturity to which we have alluded, the term would\\nhave been left far astern and become disused, as all too\\ninsufficient for its purpose. Had the science, for instance j\\nthrough some intellect far in advance of its times during the\\nmiddle ages, advanced with giant strides into broad day, and\\nmade as much progress in ten years as hardly ten long\\ncenturies have sufficed to achieve, then would the term\\nPhysiognomy have been doomed but, until very recently,\\nno such sudden advance has been made, and the word has\\nbeen retained with a gradually increasing significance to\\nkeep pace with the duties which it has to perform, until\\nnow it may be said truly the widening of its meaning has\\nbeen co-eval and co-extensive with the evolution of the\\nscience itself. That science has now attained to such vast\\nproportions in its intimate connection with everything\\nhuman, and has become so universally recognized and\\nestablished, that it can well afford to disregard any little\\nshortcoming on the part of a word, which has to perform no\\nmore vital function than that of its signboard. We are\\ncontent, therefore, to leave it in undisturbed possession of\\nthe place of honour to which it has been elevated in virtue\\nof length of servitude; and this much may at all events be\\nsaid in its praise, that it is readily understood by the\\nmeanest capacity, and offers no bar of high sounding nomen-\\nclature; to the neophyte who is preparing to tread the paths\\nof initiation into the absorbing interest which its pursuit\\nunfolds, and to participate in the incalculable benefits which\\nthe science never fails to shower upon its conscientious and\\npainstaking votaries.\\nPhysiognomy, as a science, has now taken up so assured a\\nposition in the foreground of social and scientific progress,\\nand has become so thoroughly recognized in the important\\nbearing which it takes up in relation to all phases of society,\\nalike the most elevated and the most homely, that it has no", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION 5\\nneed to fall back upon its pedigree for any adventitious aids\\nto its advancement and prosperity; but however little it\\nmay require any bolstering up of this kind, it cannot fail to\\nbe deeply interesting to the student, to take a retrospective\\nglance at its earliest conditions and surroundings. That it\\nhas, in all time, in a greater or less degree, been active in its\\noperation and universal in its application, long before the\\ncrude and unformed intellect of the early progenitors of\\nmankind whatever they may have been was capable of\\nmaking even the faintest attempt to formulate its properties,\\nis a proposition we think that cannot be doubted for a\\nmoment. That the universality and eternity of its scope\\nmust always have been, needs little reflection to convince\\nany thinking man; and for ages before the dawn of history\\nPhysiognomy must have wielded, we may be sure, a power,\\nmighty in its proportions, although little heeded it may be,\\nby the beings on which it exerted its force. Nor do we\\nrequire to predicate for such a state of things the existence\\nof so highly organized beings as we are ourselves. A much\\nlower type of organization would not preclude the living\\naction of the all-pervading department of nature s functions\\nof which we are treating, and wherever organisms existed,\\nso far advanced as to be endowed with powers of vision,\\nthere must Physiognomy have been actively and perceptibly\\nat work in the relations which subsisted between the\\ndifferent varieties of organisms. There would we find the\\ndestructive form at work in destroying and devouring other\\nforms of a less aggressive character, and the whole operation\\nof nature, going slowly but surely on in its onward march\\nto a perfection, the advanced stages of which, if not its acme,\\nwe can now contemplate in the conditions with which we\\nare surrounded. Be it understood, however, that in alluding\\nto the advent of visual organs, we do not mean to mark or\\nlimit the commencement of the operations of Physiognomy,\\nexcept in so far as they then became visible to, and notion", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "b INTRODUCTION.\\nable by, the organisms themselves. Long anterior to this,\\nnature must have been elaborating and perfecting this law\\nof hers, which, through the lapse of ages, has attained such\\nstupendous magnitude; but the mind of man reels back,\\nstunned and dizzied, from the hopeless attempt to peer back\\nto the remote* recesses of the laboratory of that mysterious\\nagency, which, for want of a better term, and it may be, in\\nour ignorance, we call Nature. While, therefore, in the\\nnature of things we are excluded from all actual knowledge\\nof the development of Physiognomy during primeval and\\nprehistoric times; and while- we recognize how fruitless and\\nunsatisfactory mere speculation, invariably proves to be,\\nwhen affecting a subject of such importance as is our\\npresent one, we may at all events indulge in a legitimate,\\nnot to say laudable, curiosity and interest, respecting the\\ndawning and primary conditions of the science, if indeed we\\nmay dignify by such a term, a thing that was only, as yet,\\nrecognized half unwittingly and unconsciously. In glancing\\nbriefly at the early aspect and dawning conditions of the\\nscience, be it well understood, that we are in no wise to be\\nconsidered as endorsing all or any of the opinions of the\\nvarious writers whose names we may have to mention. In\\nno department of abstract thought, perhaps, has opinion\\nso much differed, or has error and misplaced deduction been\\nso long entertained as recognized truth as in this science of\\nwhich we are now treating; and it has been left to very\\nrecent times to our own day, in fact, and that within the\\npast very few years so to elaborate the science, as to place\\nit on a basis of the very firmest foundation this basis being,\\nan epitomizing of all previous experience, an avoidance of\\nall previous error, and an experimentalizing on the very\\nbroadest principles, the whole forming, along with the con-\\nclusive and illustrative results with which it is flanked, a\\nbroad scientific formulary, too elaborate and complete in its\\ndetails, to afford a vulnerable point of attack to the deadliest", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 7\\nof its enemies. A resume, therefore, of the early conditions\\nof the science is in no wa}^ indispensable to the purpose of\\nthe present work, but is thrown in solely in the interest of\\nthe curious student of Physiognomy, who may possibly\\nderive from it a pardonable satisfaction and amusement,\\nakin to the sympathetic interest which the modern soldier\\nof an antiquarian turn of mind feels in the contemplation of\\nthe rude flint battle-axes and arrow-heads used in the\\nremote warfare of prehistoric times. That in the very\\nearliest ages, and before the advent of written history, or at\\nall events before the advent of any history which has\\nweathered the stormy period of the middle ages, so fruitful\\nin literary shipwreck, as we very well know, the principles\\nof Physiognomy were entertained, recognized, and admitted,\\nis a proposition that admits of very conclusive proof, even\\nwere there any now disposed to deny the assertion. With-\\nout trenching upon the resources of the Hebraic Philosophy,\\nwhich was of a more emotional and less practical character\\nthan that of the Greek Philosophers, we have only to refer\\nto the golden productions of the latter, which have been\\nmiraculously preserved to us, after surviving the crash of\\nnations which accompanied, and the Cimmerian darkness\\nwhich followed, the collapse of the Roman Empire, to find\\nample proof that Physiognomy was, even at the time of the\\nvery earliest of the Greek writers, a recognized department\\nof science, however far it may have fallen short at that time\\nof correctness or accuracy in its deductions or formula?.\\nEven in those remote times, it must have been regarded as\\nhaving already attained to a comparatively venerable age,\\nfor we do not find it alluded to as anything which had then\\njust burst upon the perception of the Greeks in all the crude\\nimmaturity of a new and wholly untried and untested\\ndiscovery. Crude, immature, and in a high degree un-\\nreliable and unsatisfactory, it must then have been, is an\\nassertion that will hardly be called in question but at the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "8 INTRODUCTION.\\nsame time it seems equally undeniable that it had becon^\\ncomparatively speaking, aged in its error; and while there\\nis everything in the writings of the Greek Philosophers in\\nfavour of the hypothesis of old age, and absolutely nothing\\nfavouring the view of recent birth, their animadversions\\npoint rather to a dissatisfaction with its existing conditions,\\nand the dawning of a vigorous effort on the part of Greek\\nsubtlety of intellect not to discard it as useless and per-\\nnicious quackery but to separate the gold from the dross,\\nand to purify it from the abuses with which it had become\\nincrusted.\\nAristotle, Polemon, Theophrastus, Plato, and at a later\\nperiod Galen of Pergamos, were Greek writers who, with\\nperhaps a dim intuition of the vast interests which were\\nyet to be evolved from the womb of the science, all\\nwrote on the subject, and endeavoured to add their quota\\nof suggestion and speculation to the mass of mingled\\ntruth and error which had already been piled around it,\\nZopyrus, another Greek of a more practical and adventurous\\nturn of mind, seems actually to have formulated the science,\\nand to have come to the front as a practical Physiognomist.\\nHe drew up from Physiognomy alone, it is said, an\\nestimate of the character of Socrates, not by any means\\ncomplimentary to that gentleman, but with apparently a\\nconsiderable dash of truth in its composition, since it\\nappears to have been candidly recognized by the party\\nmost concerned, to be in all essential details, truthful,\\naccurate and precise. Some lesser Greek names might\\nbe quoted representing authors who have written on this\\nall-important subject, but we may not suffer ourselves to\\nbe so diffuse as we might be in this introductory part of\\nthe work.\\nSeveral Roman authors, such as Cicero, Pliny, and others,\\ncontributed somewhat to the advancement of the science;\\nbut in the gloom and barbarism which followed the dis*", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nruption of the overgrown and unwieldy Roman edifice,\\nand in the almost total eclipse of fine arts and literature\\nwhich that stupendous and ruinous collapse of nations,\\npeoples, and society entailed, the infant science of Physiog-\\nnomy was, in common with other kindred departments of\\nadvancement and culture, almost totally extinguished. For\\nsome centuries during the continuance of this gloomy\\nperiod of darkness and barbarism, we hear absolutely\\nnothing of its existence, and nothing but its inherent\\nvitality could have sufficed to buoy it onward to more\\ncongenial generations. This inherent vitality it possesses,\\nhowever, in such a degree, that nothing short of the\\nextinction of the human race and the hurling back of\\nmother earth to its original conditions could have sufficed\\nentirely to crush out the germs of life with which it is\\nendowed and accordingly, no sooner do we find the mists\\nof ignorance and superstition beginning to clear off and to\\nadmit anew the light of intelligence, than we again find\\nPhysiognomy slowly but surely taking its place as a science;\\nwith many a false step it may be, but continually correcting\\nitself and again pushing forward in the direction of its goal.\\nEarly in the 14th century, so far had the science attracted\\nattention in the dawning of modern civilization and in-\\ntellect, that we find Petrus de Abbano, in the year 1335,\\nmaking it the subject of lectures before the students of\\nthe University of Paris: and although the information, it\\nmust be confessed, is meagre, yet the bare fact itself is\\nsignificant. Michael Scott, who flourished in the 15th\\ncentury, devoted no inconsiderable portion of his time and\\nspace to the elucidation of the science, in so far as his\\nlights on the subject enabled him. The latter half of the\\n15th, and the whole of the 16th centuries, comprised a\\nperiod when Physiognomical speculation and research seem\\nto have been carried on with a degree of diligence and\\nperseverance never attained before that time. In the latter", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "10 INTRODUCTION.\\npart of the 16th, and the first portion of the 17th centuries,\\nJ. Baptista Porta, an enterprising and energetic Italian of\\nPadua, wrote and published on this subject, a vigorous\\nand painstaking work, which was illustrated and beautified\\nby numerous cuts of faces of men and animals. In the\\nyear 1548, Michael Angelo Blondies issued a work on\\nPhysiognomy, having for its aim the elucidation of its\\nprinciples, and the fixing of its powers and limits. In\\nthe same year a French writer, Anselm Pierre Douxciel,\\nproduced at Langres his Speculum Physionomica, in\\nwhich he endeavoured to lay down fundamental principles\\nof the science. In the year 1588, Georgio Rizzacasa, of\\nCarmagnola, seems to have been occupying himself to\\nsome purpose with the subject, as we since learn that he\\nwas then dedicating a volume on Fisionomia to Queen\\nElizabeth; and in the following year we discover Johannes\\nPadovanus of Yerona affirming broadly, that every con-\\nceivable variety of character was shadowed out, and might\\nbe detected under the different conformations of the several\\nmembers of the body a proof that advanced and en-\\nlightened views on the subject had already begun to take\\nroot amongst eminent thinkers of his age. In the year\\n1621 Dr. Rodolphus Gocelenius wrote a work on Physiog-\\nnomy while he held the post of Professor of that science\\nin the Academia Marpurgensi; and four years afterwards\\nwe find Edmund Gallimard dedicating a Traite Physiog-\\nnomique au tres illustre Monseigneur Theophile Howard,\\ncompte de Sulfactz. Besides the names we have quoted,\\nwe may mention that of John de Judgagnie, who wrote\\non the science at an early but uncertain date, of which\\nlast-mentioned effort we had a translation in the year 1666\\nfrom the pen cf Fabian Withers, shewing the author to\\nhave been remarkably clear and concise in the principles\\nhe has laid down, however incorrect he may have been\\nin some of the deductions he has drawn; and it should", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nnot be forgottei. in his case, that he probably wrote at a\\nvery early period, when as yet he could borrow but little\\nlight from other sources. The other names which we have\\nnot thought proper otherwise to particularize we may give\\nhere without comment, in order to afford the curious student\\nan opportunity of looking, if he should wish to do so, at\\nthe notions more or less crude, which have in times gone\\nby, been promulgated with respect to this science. With-\\nout pretending to give an exhaustive list, we may mention\\nthe names of Adamantius, Albertus Magnus, Avicenna,\\nAverroes, Cassidorus, Hippocrates, Melampus, Meletes, Remi-\\ngerius, Seneca, and Quinctillian and in reference to this\\nadditional list we may add, that in the year 1780 Franzius\\nof Leipsic furnished a learnedly edited translation of the\\nworks of Adamantius and Melampus.\\nLavater, who was Pastor of St. Peter s Church at Zurich,\\nbecame a martyr to liberty and truth in 1801. He wrote\\nseveral works on Physiognomy, which were translated into\\nvarious languages, 7 et they were so deficient in system and\\nprinciples, that they are of little practical value to the world.\\nAll sciences, and indeed all advanced departments of\\nculture, have had to endure persecution at the hands of\\nmisplaced and superstitious blockheads in power, or at the\\nhands of brutal and ignorance-steeped mobs; and we do\\nnot find that Physiognomy has had any particular im-\\nmunity extended to it in this respect. In a semi-civilized\\nage, any art that pretended to delineate the character and\\npropensities of the individual, solely by means of the salient\\npoints and colours of the exterior, had too close a resem-\\nblance, in the jaundiced eye of ignorance and superstition,\\nto the occult arts of sorcery and witchcraft, altogether to\\nescape some troublesome and unsolicited attentions. These\\nkind attentions usually originated with that class of busy\\nbodies which has flourished in every age, and the members\\nof which have always been animated with a burning desire", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "12 INTRODUCTION\\nto keep their fellow-men in the paths of that code of virtue\\nwhich is their own, and which they know to be the right\\none. Even in these enlightened days, when we are rapidly\\napproaching the commencement of the 20th century, and\\nwhen many flatter themselves that we have for ever done\\nwith those pests of former ages, a very moderate degree\\nof discernment would suffice to discover the modern pro-\\ntotype of the sorcery and witchcraft hunter, in those\\nwatchful individuals who are les enfans terribles of\\ntheir own church courts, who have had themselves dubbed\\nHeresy Hunters by an indignant public, and who only\\nlack the power and the opportunity to hunt, slay, and burn\\nlike their progenitors of three centuries ago, and with an\\nequal zeal for the furtherance of the Glory of God. It\\nwill astonish some people to know, that by the 17 George\\nII. c. 5, All Persons pretending to have skill in Physiog-\\nnomy are included amongst those offenders who are deemed\\nRogues and Vagabonds. As such they are liable to be\\npublicly whipped or sent to the House of Correction, until\\nthe next Sessions, or any less time, and after whipping or\\ncommitment, they may be passed to their last legal settle-\\nment or birth-place; and moreover, the Justice may sentence\\nthem to hard labour for not more than six months. This\\ndelicate attention on the part of the British legislature, at\\na time when liberality of opinion and breadth of ideas\\nwere supposed to have made some considerable progress,\\nis peculiarly touching; and in the year 1817 it seems to\\nhave induced Dr. John Cross no doubt with the view\\nof reaping the full benefit of the enactment to publish,\\nfrom the University Press of Glasgow, a work which had\\nfor its object the establishment of Physiognomy on scientific\\nprinciples. This work comprised the reproduction of a\\nseries of lectures which he had delivered, and in which\\nhe had indulged in the most sanguine anticipations\\nrespecting the ultimate triumph of the principles of his", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 13\\nfavourite study, It does not appear that the legislature\\never took any steps to enforce the provisions of this very\\nconsiderate Act, and we are left to infer that Dr. Cross\\nwas permitted to seek his last legal settlement or birth*\\nplace entirely at his own charges.\\nWere we asked to furnish proof of the amount of atten-\\ntion which has been paid in all times and in all ages to the\\nPhysiognomical peculiarities which mark the infinite varie-\\nties of the human form and countenance, we have an\\nirrefragable one ready to our hand, in the endless varieties\\nof personal nomenclature, all having their origin in remote\\ntimes it may be iu the facial and corporeal peculiarities of\\nour progenitors. A few examples will show at a glance the\\njustice of this observation. From Colour we have the\\nnames of Brown, Gray, Green, Black, White, Blue, and\\nso on over the entire gamut of the artist s paint-box. From\\nStature we have Long, 8h 3rt, Small, Bigg, Little, and many\\nothers. From Complexion we have Fair, Dark, Pale, c.\\nFrom bodily Strength we have Strong, Force, Wight or\\nWeight, c. and iu reference to distinctive peculiarities,\\nwe may cite Strongarm or Armstrong, Greathead, Great-\\nheart, Longear, Longshanks, Cruikshanks, Longman, and\\na host of others, some of which will be readily suggested\\nto the reader, and some of which also are capable of bearing\\nvery ludicrous constructions. In such historical names also,\\nas Malcolm Ceanmohr (Bighead), William Rufus (William\\nthe Red), Philip the Fair, and such like, we have clearly\\nillustrated the distinctive amount of attention which has\\nalways been accorded to Physical oddity or peculiarity; and\\nwere we to search for further examples in other languages\\nthan our own, a mine of illustration would be opened up\\nto us which might be worked successfully ad infinitum.\\nBut we refrain from swelling our remarks on a feature ol\\nthe subject which all will readily admit, even although\\nsome may have been struck with it now for the first time.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "14\\nINTRODUCTION.\\nHaving thus taken a cursory view of the literary history\\nof the science, and brought it dowu to a comparatively\\nrecent date, we shall, in view of the hopelessness of the\\nattempt to sketch the proportion and scope of the volum-\\ninous writings on this subject with which the literature of\\nour day has been flooded, proceed to outline, from a pre-\\nfatory point of view, the intentions and aim of this the\\nlatest, and we hope to convince our readers, not the least\\nmeritorious of those works which have for their object the\\nelucidating and elaborating of the noble and comprehensive\\nscience of Physiognomy.\\nA vast amount of time, trouble, and money is expended\\nin the search for new fields of natural Phenomena, c,\\nwherein to exercise that capacity for wonder and amaze-\\nment, with which the Divine Head of nature has seen fit to\\nendow us. To gratify this propensity of ours, nothing\\nseems too arduous to be undertaken and no problem too\\nprofound to be investigated. For this Central African\\nvoyages of discovery are embarked in, the crossing of the\\nAustralian Continent is attempted, the Matterhorn is scaled,\\nand the interior of the earth is ransacked. For this Arctic\\nExpeditions are organized, Rosse s Telescopes are invented,\\nand Chemical analysis is undertaken. To minister to this\\ncraving men cross the Atlantic in a shallop and attempt to\\nswim over stormy arms of the sea. For this numberless\\nlives are lost in the watery wastes of the sea, and in the\\nhowling wildernesses of the land; and for this, from first to\\nlast, millions of money have been dissipated and oceans of\\nblood have been shed. And yet how blind is all this\\nwasteful expenditure of force and energy! Neglected sub-\\njects of wonderment are continually to our hand, before\\nwhich, in the deeper and more legitimate sense of wonder,\\nMatterhorns, Polar Seas, Earth s crust, and Ocean s bed\\ndwindle into mediocrity and insignificance. To cite one\\nsubject which more immediately concerns the matter we", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 1\u00c2\u00a3\\nhave now in hand, we have but to look around us in the\\npursuit of our ordinary avocations at the amazing variety of\\nform and feature which the human face exhibits. Whence\\ncomes this infinite variety, and what is the intention and aim\\nof the all-powerful intelligence in diversifying so infinitely\\nthe results of that operation of its workings which we have\\naccustomed ourselves, somewhat vaguely, to call Nature?\\nThe members of the human family are brought into exist-\\nence all possessed of the same general characteristics, the\\nsame organs of locomotion, of sight, smell, hearing, breath-\\ning, and touch, or, to speak in language more to the point, all\\nhave heads, eyes, noses, ears, hair, mouths, chins, breasts,\\narms, hands, ringers, stomachs, vertebrse, abdomen, genera-\\ntive organs, legs, feet, and toes. If it be objected that\\nabsolutely all are not thus endowed at birth, and that\\nabnormal specimens are not unknown, we answer, that this\\ncircumstance is in no wise either antagonistic or favourable\\nto our premises, except in so far as that the rare exception\\ncontributes only the more firmly to establish the rule. For\\na general proposition we may assume, then, that all are en-\\ndowed at birth with the same general characteristics, and in\\nview of this, how calculated to excite our wonder is the fact\\nthat notwithstanding this general similarity, nature yet\\nso diversifies her operations, that not one single human\\nbeing is produced exactly like another. And not so only\\nwhen applied to contemporary beings, but were it possible\\nto reproduce the human race in its entirety, since the\\nadvent of man, no two individuals taken from these countless\\nmillions would be found to be alike. In view of this\\nastounding diversity of lineament, so vast as almost to take\\naway one s breath at the contemplation, it would be mere\\nimbecility in our vain endeavours to find a solution, to\\nthrow ourselves into the arms of Chance. Modern research\\nhas now left Chance not a leg to stand upon; there\\nappears to be no such thing as accident in nature, and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "16 INTRODUCTION.\\nevery effect, however seemingly insignificant or fortuitous, is\\nthe result of the operation of that inscrutable intelligence,\\nwhich, working within well defined and unchangeable laws,\\nwields the destinies of this universe of ours. There is not\\nthe very slightest variation of the human form and coun-\\ntenance, which is not the result of well defined causes of pro-\\nduction; and we have only to formulate as is done in the\\nscience of Physiognomy these results, to acquire the power\\nof deciphering nature s own hieroglyphics with unerring\\naccuracy. As no two outward forms are exactly alike, so,\\nand in just precisely the same degree, do no two inward\\nforms or characters bear perfect resemblance. We may\\nendeavour to divine the design of the Author of creation in\\nenacting from all time a law so unchangeable and so preg-\\nnant with weal or woe in its right or wrong comprehension\\nand application to the human race, but as a matter of\\nabsolute certainty we are unable in the order of things to\\ngrasp at the motives of Omnipotence. There is, however,\\nlittle doubt that the Universe, and the various organisms\\nwith which it is peopled, have been designed for the\\ncreation, occupation, and abode of that ethereal essence,\\nthe highest, infinitely the highest, organism of which we\\ncan have any conception, the SOUL. As, however, we\\nhave to do more with the material aspect of the subject in\\nquestion, we shall not take up time and space at present\\nin metaphysical deductions.\\nNotwithstanding this broad and almost illimitable diver-\\nsity, as exemplified in the individual, we find society as a\\nwhole riveted together in the closest bonds; and that\\nelement of individual diversity, which at first sight we\\nmight suppose to be calculated to have a disintegrating\\nefiect, is on a closer inspection found to be the very\\nstrongest welding ingredient which goes to form society.\\nThe mind, as it were, utterly defeated in the effort to take\\nin the idea of the human race individually, seeks refuge in", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 1\\nthe contemplation of it as a great whole, and the same\\nprinciple tends throughout to weld the mass together in\\nthe closest bonds of union. And it is not presuming too far\\nto say that in these features we plainly discern the design\\non the part of the Divine agency to preserve distinctly\\ntogether the two elements of individuality and union, the\\ntwo separated by a well defined line of demarcation, and\\nyet at the same time bound together and dovetailed on the\\nmost intimate footing of fitness and expediency. A har-\\nmonious union alongside of a distinctive identity we find\\nmaintained with the most beautiful precision, and all this\\naccomplished notwithstanding the infinite multiplicity of\\nnames, and the antagonistic action of thousands of other\\ncauses, which would at first sight seem overwhelmingly\\ndestructive, but which become harmless when brought into\\nclose contact with nature s decrees.\\nWe have seen that the varying effects of this action on\\nthe part of nature s law are illimitable in number, and\\nlikewise we find that the causes which produce those\\neffects are also countless in their character. Every con-\\nceivable variation of condition, however minute and\\nhowever seemingly unimportant, exercises its influence\\non the interior and exterior, and goes to produce Physiog-\\nnomies of innumerable types and forms. Ante-natal\\ninfluences, such as the mixture of the blood of different races\\nand nationalities the immediate conditions surrounding the\\nparents, and thousands of influences acting upon them pre-\\nvious to conception; the various causes which tend to pro-\\nduce mother s marks; fashions wielding strong though\\noften unsuspected influences upon nations and individual\\nmembers before birth and throughout life; climatic agencies\\nmoulding and shaping the form and destinies of millions;\\naltitude, with the hand of a master artist, colouring and\\nlaying on her tints and hues according to her strength\\nand capacity. Heat and cold asserting their rights and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "18\\nINTRODUCTION.\\nstamping their effects. Food in its various quantities and\\nunnumbered qualities affording varieties of expression and\\ndifference of strength to the varied forms of organization\\ncustoms, habits, and fashions, with their elevative or depres-\\nsive tendencies. The very air which fans the brow of\\nman tones up or down his spirits; the west wind bringing\\nenterprise and progress; the northern blasts lending staid-\\nness, stability, and determination of purpose; the changeable\\nand ever varying breezes from the mellow, sunny south,\\nmaking us petulant, changeable, and faultfinding; and the\\ndire east wind inducing a gloomy, morose, and foreboding\\nstate of mind in those who are subjected to its baneful\\ninfluences, and warping them out of calmness and placidity\\ninto irritability and mental tempest. Sickness slowly but\\nsurely cutting her seams upon the visage; Avarice drying\\nup and shrivelling the entire organization; Study and\\nmental labour furrowing the expressive brow; Love warm-\\ning and tinting the face; Hate blackening and hardening\\nthe visage; Hope lending a cheerful halo to adorn the\\ncountenance; Aspiration elevating the features and inspiring\\nthe soul; and thus it is with every sentiment and emotion\\nwhich has its abode in the human form.\\nWe have hitherto looked at Physiognomical phenomena\\nfrom an independent stand-point, and watched, as it were,\\nits manifestations from a distance but we now proceed to a\\ncloser inspection, and endeavour to point out and particu-\\nlarize, in a prefatory way, the conditions of those manifesta-\\ntions as displayed on the exterior of the human form.\\nWe have only to watch the first dawnings of intelligence on\\nthe face of an infant to find this principle of nature, viz.,\\nthe relation of mind and character to external form\\nasserting its unmistakable existence. How eagerly the\\nlittle face scans the lineaments of a stranger, and how\\nquickly the pleased smile or the frightened wail follows\\nupon the verdict for or against which nature teaches it", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 13\\ninstinctively to bring! The maternal yearning of the\\nmother clothes her face in lineaments of the deepest\\ntenderness, and attracts in unquestioning reliance, the\\nconfidence and assurance of safety in the child; and as its\\nPhysiognomical studies are extended, it quickly learns to\\ncrow and laugh in the face of the benevolent stranger, or to\\nbury its affrighted head in its mother s lap at the approach\\nof malevolence. Were it not for this inborn principle,\\ninfancy could have no impressions of love or terror whatever,\\nbecause, at that period the reasoning faculty is latent, and\\ndoes not arise in its strength until long after the truth or\\nerror of the first impressions have been tested, and tested we\\nmay add almost invariably, with the result of endorsing in\\nthe fullest degree the fidelity of nature to its law. The\\nmind of man is alternately a prey to every conceivable\\nvariety of emotion and feeling, and by turns it is possessed\\nby joy, desire, dislike, hatred, grief, love, courage, despair,\\nconfidence, contempt, admiration, cowardice, cruelty, pride,\\nmodesty, scorn, compassion, spleen; or by the intellectual\\ncapacities, reason, attention, discrimination, observation,\\nretention, comparison, wit, taste, imagination, intuition, c,\\nc. Each of these feelings and emotions has itself\\nreproduced and photographed in some lineaments of the\\nexterior; and each of these pictures has its distinctive\\ncharacteristic, as accurately defined and distinct, as its\\nprototype of the interior. In proportion as any particular\\nemotion, or set of emotions, holds sway in the human breast,\\nso in proportion does its photograph, picture or Physiog-\\nnomical equivalent, become more conspicuous and less\\nevanescent; and it is the promise of the Science of\\nPhysiognomy so to formulate this unerring reproduction\\nof the pencil of nature herself, as to enable its student\\nto read the messages from the interior with unfaltering\\naccuracy. The mind long given up to bursts of uncon-\\ntrollable passion, like a tempest-tossed rudderless ship,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "20 INTRODUCTION.\\ndraws a picture of the strife within with a brush of no\\nuncertain tint, and we can see the gusts of mental fury\\nindexed on the swollen visage, and sweeping across like\\na storm-cloud during the hurricane s rage, leaving at last\\ntraces that become indelible, arid that chart out in livid\\nbands the predominant passions of the victim, as well\\nduring lucid intervals of fitful quietness, as in the heat and\\nfury of the wasting mental strife itself. On the other hand,\\nthe countenance of the habitually philanthropical, faithful\\nto the inner emotions of which it is the index, presents the\\ncalm unim passioned but still yearning solicitude for the\\nwelfare of others, which is so easily read by all, whether\\nold or young, and which attracts so powerfully the con-\\nfidence and reliance of the broken and oppressed. The\\nconstant sway of ennobling sentiments within wreaths the\\nface into the loveliest proportions, and invites the gaze to\\ndwell there as it might wish to dwell, on the peaceful\\nlandscape, smiling under the weight of a bountiful harvest.\\nIn either case and in all degrees that lie between the two,\\nof whatever hue or texture, the picture becomes engraved\\ndeeper and deeper, and it can be read at last, as easily\\nduring sleep as in waking hours, with the predominant\\npassions active and at work. The lineaments of the\\nexterior perform the same functions and indicate intelli-\\ngence from the interior with the same accuracy as the\\nindex of the telegraph, with this important difference, that\\nwhile the language of the latter is momentary and\\nevanescent, that of the former partakes more of the\\ncharacter of a painting, fixed, indelible, and fading only\\nwith life itself. The Physiognomical operator can take\\nmessages with as much fidelity as his more humble brother\\nof the telegraph needle; he pays nothing for his in-\\nformation, but the trouble of observing; and if he has\\nthe talent, he may turn it to account, to an extent\\nwhich is absolutely unbounded and illimitable. This law", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 2\\nof nature which ordains that all the emotions of the mind\\nmust of necessity be figured on the exterior, is one fraught\\nwith the very deepest interest to mankind. It holds out a\\nbook to be read in broad day, a book of the most surpass-\\ning interest, and one whereon the educated appetite never\\npalls; a book in which all read to some extent, although\\nit may be, and indeed most frequently is the case, that\\nsuch reading is engaged in unwittingly and unconsciously,\\nThe merest tyro in Physiognomical education can draw\\ntreasures from this storehouse; and no one, however mean\\nhis capacity, can possibly pass through life without making\\nsome progress, however unwittingly and unknowingly.\\nIt is, however, to the diligent and purposeful student that\\nFhysiognomy unlocks her richest stores and unfolds trea-\\nsures of untold wealth, incomprehensible in their magnitude\\nto the uninitiated. Were this law of nature fitful and\\ncapricious in its enforcement, and open to be thwarted and\\nnegatived by the action of foreign and disturbing forces,\\nthen indeed half its value would be gone; but this fixity and\\nunchangeableness is the chief ingredient in its composi-\\ntion, and thanks to this, we are enabled, after having\\ngraduated in Physiognomical Science, to draw deductions and\\nconclusions with the most absolute precision and certainty.\\nThis doctrine may give an unpleasant shock to some who\\nhave been flattering themselves for years in the fancied\\nsuccess which has seemed to attend their efforts at dis-\\nguising the outward manifestation of their inward emotions,\\nand it may be astounding also to others who may not have\\nthought or speculated much on the subject. We are willing\\nto admit that all efforts to disguise the countenance are not\\nquite barren of results in the direction desired and designed\\nby the disguiser but let us see in what consists the small\\nelement of success which we are willing to accord. It is\\ncertainly not produced by the unaided talent of the\\ndisguiser, whose art can really go but a very slight wav", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "22 INTRODUCTION.\\nin the direction in which he aims, and before the accom.\\nplished Physiognomist the flimsy veil which he lays the\\nflattering unction to his soul is a screen of the most\\nimpenetrable opacity, is seen through like a clear glass, and\\ntorn to shreds as soon as it is set up. Tt is painful to us to\\nseem so cruel in thus mercilessly exposing the worthlessness\\nof the defences here erected, but we hope to convince that\\nwe are cruel only to be kind in the balsam, which, before\\nwe have done, we propose to offer for the cure of the\\nbleeding and defenceless ones. The Science of Physiognomy\\nin the advanced stages to which it has recently attained, is\\ncomparatively so little understood generally, that we are\\naware our dicta on its comprehensiveness, and the undeviating\\ncourse of its laws, will not at first be universally, or even\\nvery generally, accepted, but it can afford to wait with\\ntime on its side. We accorded some measure of success\\nto those who fancy their ability to disguise their features\\nhas hitherto been crowned with complete success, and\\nthis modicum of success we opine to be the deception\\nwhich is effected upon simple and unthinking people.\\nThe effort to disguise is superficial and on the surface, and\\nit succeeds only with people who are themselves superficial,\\nand whose mental investigations never go below the surface.\\nThis may be poor comfort, but it is all we can truthfully\\nafford in the circumstances. The attempt is an outrage on\\nthe laws of nature, and nature with a just retribution\\nrevenges herself.\\nThe degree of intelligence within is faithfully portrayed\\non the lineaments, and in highly endowed beings we have\\nthe reproduction without of the fertile soil within in a\\npicture of the most sparkling brilliancy. The light of\\nintelligence and genius ripples and dances over the visage,\\nmaking a picture fit as a resting place for the eye; while,\\non the other hand, at the extremity of the opposite scale,\\nwhere vacuity and barrenness of thought placidly reign,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 23\\nwe ha 73 the vacant expression of idiocy and mental eclipse\\nmirrored in a visage equally devoid of expression. There\\nis absolutely nothing within, and in accordance with the\\ninflexible laws of nature, there is and can be nothing\\nexpressed without. We have the needle of the disused\\ntelegraphic machine, but the galvanic batter} T does not\\nexist, and the one is equally inexpressive without the other.\\nWe have in the face here a faithful signboard of the empty\\nwarehouse within; there reigns barren emptiness, and the\\nface is negatively intelligent and truthful when it honestly\\nannounces the fact in such away that all who interpret rightly\\nmay understand. In the former case we have what has been\\ntersely but graphically and eloquently expressed as a speak-\\ning countenance; and in the other we have in equally terse,\\ngraphic, and eloquent phraseology vacancy.\\nThe benefits which accrue to the diligent, indefatigable,\\nand painstaking student of the Science of Physiognomy\\nare simply incalculable in number. In no other depart-\\nment of acquired information or education can it be\\nasserted with more force of truth, and with less deviation\\nfrom plain matter of fact, that true Physiognomical know-\\nledge is a gem of intrinsic value, esteemed highly when\\nproperly comprehended. The ability to read with unfailing\\naccuracy the characters of his neighbours, to put his finger\\non their foibles, and in fact to lay bare their weaknesses,\\nif the knowledge of the science is accompanied with talent,\\nputs into his hands a lever of the most powerful character.\\nThat this power is dangerous in the hands of the un-\\nscrupulous can hardly be denied but the element of danger\\ncan be eliminated by the general spread of Physiognomical\\neducation, so that, without contracting the actual power\\nof discernment of the talented unscrupulous, which it\\nclearly could not pretend to do, educational progress\\nwould make the science so general, that they in their\\nturn would have their character read, their wiles exposed,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "24 INTRODUCTION.\\nand their influence avoided. What, therefore, at first\\nsight might be deemed a dangerous, not to say mis-\\nchievous, power, placed in the hands of a few, would, by\\nthe operation of the perfecting law of nature, and the\\ngeneral adoption of Physiognomy as a branch of the\\nordinary scholastic curriculum, finally result in greater\\nopenness of character, since attempts at disguise would be\\nfruitless; more sincerity of conduct, since hypocrisy would\\ngradually find itself devoid of a rag to cover its naked\\ndeformity; more benevolence of disposition, since male-\\nvolence would find itself everywhere exposed and every-\\nwhere scouted; and in fact it would gradually be found\\nthat the purer sentiments alone would pay, and that the\\nindulgence of vicious habits inevitably led to exposure,\\nignomy, and disgrace. We are not so sanguine as to\\nhope for a very early realization of this prospective state\\nof things, but of this we are assured that come it will,\\nfollowing swiftly on the footsteps of the onward inarch\\nof Physiognomy, as a science of universal application and\\nutility, when the formulae become household words, and\\nwhen it will be as rare to find a man ignorant of the\\nfirst principles of Physiognomy, as it is now to find one\\nwho does not know his letters.\\nIn a commercial point of view, too great stress cannot\\nbe laid on the importance attached to the study of Phy-\\nsiognomy, and in this connection a curious and interesting\\nfeature strikes the observer. The whole fabric of our\\ncommercial prosperity rests upon the degree of reliance\\non faith and honour, which one man can place in another.\\nWhen the proper balance of credit is maintained in a\\ncommunity, the members of that community are carried\\non with the steady stream of comfort and prosperity; a\\nhealthy social condition obtains, and a feeling of mutual\\ntrust and confidence is induced, which becomes stronger\\nand stronger, and more and more conduces to the happi-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 25\\nness of its members, in proportion as this principle is held\\ninviolate. When a system of reckless and blindfold trust\\nin all and sundry is engaged in when dishonest and\\nunscrupulous men find it as easy to obtain credit as their\\nupright and fair-dealing brethren, then follow bankruptcy\\nand ruin, bringing in their train untold misery and woe\\non the heads of the innocent and helpless. In order,\\nthen, to conduct business to a successful issue, and to\\nsteer clear of the shoals of insolvency and bankruptcy,\\nthe merchant must have at his disposal means of some\\nkind or another by which he may be able to separate\\nthe wheat from the chaff,, the honest from the dishonest.\\nIf his path would not be one of blind and aimless direction,\\nin which he would have an infinitely greater chance of\\nruin than of fortune, he must found the principles of his\\ntransactions upon some assured basis, and one would think\\nthat the scope and conditions of this basis would require\\nto be laid down with the utmost precision, and defined\\nwithin the narrowest limits of rule and compass, so as\\nto ensure the realization of the end which he aims at,\\nand at the same time to act as a guide-post to warn\\nhim, at the numberless turnings of his commercial career,\\nof the dangerous paths which can only be trodden at the\\nhazard of commercial existence. Yet we find the prudent,\\ncautious, and successful, in numberless countirig-houses,\\njogging steadily and assuredly on in the path to pro-\\nsperity and fortune, without any well defined rule of\\naction so far, at least, as the superficial observer can dis-\\ncover. He appears capriciously and at random to give\\nunbounded credit in one quarter, and in another to refuse\\ntrust to the extent of a sixpence. He throws himself\\nwarmly into one enterprise, while to another of an ap-\\nparently equal promise he promptly and unhesitatingly\\nshews the ctK shoulder. For one man he becomes security\\nto the exteV r* thousands without enquiry, while to au-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "26 INTRODUCTION.\\nother he insists upon the strictest scrutiny into the state\\nof his reputation at the bank, demands from him refer-\\nences of the most unimpeachable character, and finally,\\nperhaps, notwithstanding the favourable appearance of the\\nman, and the highly satisfactory result of the inquiries\\nrespecting him, he closes the negotiation with an emphatic\\nshake of the head. Notwithstanding, however, all the\\nincomprehensibleness of this system, or rather want of\\nsystem, as it would appear to some, no reflective mind\\ncan doubt for a moment the existence on the part of\\nthe merchant of rules of the most undeviating character,\\nwhich he never loses sight of. And what then is the\\nsecret? Simply that the successful man of business, how-\\never much he may ignore the fact, is invariably a Physiog-\\nnomist of a very high order. He is a successful merchant,\\nin fact, in the same degree as he is a successful Physiog-\\nnomist. The terms are synonymous in his case. There\\nmay be successful Physiognomists who are not successful\\nmerchants, perhaps, indeed, not merchants at all; but on\\nthe other hand, there is not and never has been a success-\\nful man of business who is not at the same time, although,\\nwe repeat, perhaps unknowingly to himself, an accom-\\nplished Physiognomist. This quality enables him to select\\nservants of the stamp suited for his business, and to avoid\\nand discountenance those who could co-operate with him\\nonly to his disadvantage. It is this faculty of his which\\nexplains the seeming caprice of his conduct in dealing\\nwith business correspondents; and it is by this knowledge\\nof his that he is enabled to separate the wheat from the\\nchaff, the commercially dishonest and the rotten specu-\\nlation, from the safe man and the good investment. It\\nwould very much puzzle such a merchant, as the one\\ninstanced, in taking a retrospective glance at his career,\\nto discover how he had unwittingly become engaged in\\nthe study of Physiognomy; when his education had been", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 27\\ncommenced, and most of all, he would be astounded at\\nthe fact that he should have graduated in the science\\nwith honours, and obtained by means of it social dignity\\nand position, rank and fortune, without ever having\\nsuspected that there existed such a faculty as that of\\nreading the inward character of a man by his outward\\nlineaments, far less divining that in himself this faculty\\nwas developed to so high an extent, as to exert the most\\nparamount influence upon his character, his prospects and\\nhis happiness. While we thus see the immense import-\\nance of the science to men of business, we must not forget\\nthat considerations more or less directly springing from\\nit, enter into every conceivable phase of society; and we\\ndo not hesitate to affirm broadly, that nineteen out of\\ntwenty of all the lucky hits, and the same proportion of\\nfalse steps, are traceable to a due observance on the one\\nhand, or to neglect or ignorance on the other, of the laws\\nwhich nature has enacted in reference to the portraiture\\non the exterior of the prevailing feelings and passions of\\nthe interior. We meet the principle actively at work\\nevery hour of the day: in our homes, in the street, in\\nthe market, in railway trains, in steam boats, in the\\nchurch, in the law courts, and in fact, everywhere, where\\nman comes in contact with his brother man. It is simply\\nthis facult} powerfully developed, of reading the face of\\nman like a book which goes to form the character, and\\nwhich constitutes the success in life of the clever shop\\nsalesman. m He is a fair practical Physiognomist of a high\\ngrade, it may be, without knowing the fact. His oppor-\\ntunities of study are vast and continuous, and when this\\ncoalesces with natural talents of perception, he becomes\\nwhat is known as the clever salesman, whose services\\nare valued by the silk mercer and other tradesmen at\\nthe very highest figure, worthy in fact to be employed\\nat any price. In a large retail silk mercery establish*", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "28 INTRODUCTION.\\nment, such a man is a source of very considerable revenue\\nto his emplo3 7 ers, by reason of his success as a salesman.\\nThis success, as we have said, consists in his Physiognomical\\nknowledge, as applied to the features of the shopping\\nportion of the community. When a new customer enters\\nthe shop, our clever Physiognomist has his character\\ndissected in a trice, by means of the salient points of\\nthe exterior. He takes in during the first few minutes\\nsurvey his customer s predominant characteristics, and\\ndecides at once as to his foibles and his weaknesses. To\\none he is cringing almost abject in his servility, laying\\non the unction of what we may call passive flattery with\\nan unsparing tongue. To another he is calmly dignified,\\nand to a third he is almost defiant. He knows in a\\nsecond what kind of attitude to assume to each customer,\\nso as to please and conciliate the various tastes. He\\ndivines at once where the ordinary servility of the shop-\\nman would be distasteful, and where a demeanour of\\nrespectful and courteous equality would best please. To\\nthe foolish and the vain he is profuse of bows and salu-\\ntations, all evincing the deepest reverence and the most\\nrespectful admiration. To the suspicious customer on guard\\nagainst being cajoled into buying more than the one article\\nto procure which he has entered, he is careless and indif-\\nferent, but manages nevertheless to take captive the atten-\\ntion on one article after another, all of which he parts\\nwith, with a half-regretful air, as if he were throwing\\nthem away, and would as soon have kept them as not.\\nHe fixes the greedy and avaricious customer at a glance,\\nand manages after a while to allow himself to admit\\ninadvertently that certain lots of goods have been marked\\nat a ruinous reduction of price. He would rather not\\ndispose of them at those ridiculous prices, until he has\\nhad an opportunity of consulting his employers. He is\\ncertain these goods have been so marked in error, but", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 29\\nhaving aroused the greedy demon within his customer,\\nhe allows himself to be cajoled into producing the articles\\nin question, and finally he is even foolish enough to part\\nwith some of them at twenty-five per cent, over their shop\\nvalue, though all the while prophesying a reprimand or\\neven dismissal on the part of his employer. Thus to\\neach and every of the various orders of customers has\\nhe ready an appropriate bill of fare, and all with the\\nresult of conveying money from the strangers pockets\\nto his master s till. The adroit salesman, from long practice\\nand his natural gift of perception, divines, with unerring\\naccuracy, the exact line of conduct to adopt, and follows\\nit accordingly, never wearying or disgusting his patrons or\\nthe public by an inappropriate course of action, and never\\ntiring until he sees the pockets empty, or at all events,\\nhis customer taken to the utmost limits of his purchasing\\ninclination or ability. Any one who has done even a\\nvery moderate amount of shopping must be acquainted\\nwith the awkward and bungling specimen of shopmen\\nwhose ill-judged pertinacity displeases at once, and meta-\\nphorically speaking, has the effect of buttoning up instead\\nof opening the pockets of the customer, who in future\\navoids not only the man but the shop itself, to the\\ndetriment of the interests of the proprietor, and to the\\nultimate undoing of his servant s success. The latter\\nis very probably a more honest, and a better man by far,\\nthan the gifted individual whom we have just portrayed,\\nbut he is not a Physiognomist, and in this lies the secret\\nof his unsuccess. We have often wondered how it comes\\nthat hairdressers or barbers, as a class, are so devoid of\\nthis all important knowledge of Physiognomy: and so\\ngenerally do they disregard its principles, that we have\\nbeen sometimes well nigh staggered in our belief. Few\\nmen like to be reminded that a gray hair, here and there,\\nis beginning to usurp the place of the whilom glossy locks", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "30 INTRODUCTION.\\nof their early manhood. Few men are so constituted as to\\nbe highly delighted when the announcement is made to\\nthem, Your hair is getting a little thin on the crown,\\nsir. And yet despite this fact, the genus hairdresser\\nseems utterly to ignore the circumstances, and, as a rule,\\nhe loses no opportunity of mercilessly reminding his\\ncustomer of the interesting change which is taking place.\\nNo sooner is a head put into his hands, than a severe\\nscrutiny is institiitfed for the gray monitors of the fleeting\\ncharacter of human existence. If happily the hint is\\nunsuccessful, an eager search for incipient baldness is\\nentered into, and if baffled in this direction, he of course\\nfalls back on, a great deal of scurf in your hair, sir;\\nsure sign of an approaching falling off, sir. I rather think,\\nsir, you have neglected to try our Eureka Restorer/\\nnever-failing remedy for scurf, sir, eighteenpence a bottle,\\nsir. Now, how abominably distasteful is all this to the\\naverage frequenters of the fashionable perruquier s shop,\\nfor to the credit of the humbler order of establishments,\\nbe it said, that in it this kind of persecution is almost\\nunknown. With some simple people, this in terrorem\\nwarning is occasionally productive of Eureka sales, no\\ndoubt; but why not apply the principle of Physiognomy,\\nand learn to read the customer s strength or weakness\\nbefore running the risk of losing patrons, by announcing\\nwhat may be truth partly, but at the same time truth\\nwhich had much better remain unspoken. It is in our\\nown experience, that it is almost impossible to find an\\nestablishment of this kind where such persecution is\\ntabooed; and we have been forced to account for the\\nfact, in a way not very flattering to the intelligence of\\nperruquiers as a body. Shop after shop has been tried\\nin the vain endeavour to find a peaceful asylum where\\none might sit down under one s comb and brush in peace.\\nFailure has only succeeded failure, until we have been", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 31\\nforced to submit silently in the sullen endurance of despair.\\nThe bright aspirations and dreams of our youth have\\nfaded one by one, and we now look for no alleviation until\\nthe Science of Physiognomy has so diffused itself through-\\nout the world at large, as to have its principles at\\nlast made plain to the meanest capacity, even to the\\ncapacity of the hairdresser s assistant. Until this mil-\\nlennium arrives, we submit to be solemnly warned once a\\nmonth, that unless we come round to a full conviction of\\nthe efficacy of the Eureka and invest in an eighteen-\\npence bottle, we must speedily wear a crown of unhonoured\\ngray hairs. But joking aside, the loss which uninitiated\\nshopkeepers in general, and hairdressers in particular, inflict\\non themselves by reason of a neglect of the simple elements\\nof Physiognomy is incalculable; and in this connection we\\ndo not think we are too sanguine in prognosticating the\\nspeedy adoption of the science, as a common and everyday\\nauxiliary to the conduct of the shopkeeping business a\\nstep which will be conducive to the profit of the shop-\\nkeepers themselves and to the comfort and convenience of\\ntheir patrons.\\nAs a ludicrous instance of the application of Physiog-\\nnomical acumen to the furtherance of business, we may give\\nthe following before finally passing on to other phases, and\\nfor the accuracy of the narration we can bring a voucher in\\nthe form of the merchant who employed the astute clerk to\\nwhom reference is made. In one of the most thriving\\nmanufacturing towns of Scotland, in which our in-\\nformant was, and indeed is still, at the head of a large\\nsoft goods warehouse, one of these born Physiognomical\\ngeniuses, who could drive profitable sales in the teeth almost\\nof impossibility itself, was employed. Unfortunately,\\nhis capacity for usefulness was very much impaired\\nby habits of dissipation which he had contracted, and for\\ndays, and sometimes for weeks together, he would absent", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "32\\nINTRODUCTION.\\nhimself from business. Admonition and advice on the part\\nof his employers having been ultimately found totally\\nunavailing, he was at length allowed to drift unmolested\\ninto the exercise of his own option of coming and going at\\nhis own sweet will, his services being much too valuable,\\nhowever intermittent and fitful, to admit of the idea being\\nentertained of dismissal. His presence in the warehouse\\nwas always marked by the uncomplaining and even grateful\\nacquiescence of his employers, since it was invariably\\nattended by a very appreciable increase in their revenue.\\nMy informant was, on one occasion, engaged in inspecting,\\nin a back part of the premises, a parcel of goods which he\\nhad received from the steamer very much damaged by sea\\nwater, and a special sale of which had been announced by\\nadvertisement and placard. While superintending the\\narrangement and marking off the goods, he was approached\\nby his Physiognomical assistant, who happened then to be\\nin a humour for working a state of mind probably super-\\ninduced by a tightness in the money market. He had\\njust tackled as my informant learned afterwards in the\\nfront shop, one of those customers (a lady) who belonged to\\nthat class who are insatiably greedy of bargains, and\\nespecially sweet on damaged goods, and having discovered\\nher character in half a minute by Physiognomical inspection,\\nhe had gone to work. The lady wanted a considerable\\nquantity of a particular article, and she was at once assured\\nthat the damaged bale contained precisely the thing she\\nwanted, very little the worse for the sea-water, and at the\\nsame time marked at a ruinous reduction in price. Mr.\\nA does that damaged bale include any I want\\nsome now. No, it does not, Mr. A replied. Then\\nwe must damage some ourselves, the salesman coolly re-\\njoined; and without further remark he drew from one oi\\nthe shelves a sound web of the article required, threw it on\\nthe floor, and dashed a basinful of dirty water over it Such", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 33\\nwas the unquestioning reliance placed on the sagacity of\\nthis salesman, that my friend did not think of interfering\\nby a word of remonstrance, though he admits that for a\\nmoment he felt assured that this jewel of a salesman of his\\nhad at last drunk himself into a softening of the brain.\\nHaving damaged the web to his satisfaction, the latter\\nshouldered it, and proceeded to rejoin his expectant\\ncustomer, whom he speedily managed to make the happy\\npossessor of the damaged goods in question, at a mere trifle\\nover the figure for which she could have purchased them in\\na sound state. We need hardly say that we do not hold\\nthis touching incident up for the commendation or imita-\\ntion of our readers, but simply as an illustration thoroughly\\nwell authenticated, of the influence for good or evil wielded\\nby the clever Physiognomist.\\nThe more we consider the Science of Physiognomy, the\\nmore are we struck by the universality of its application in\\nall circumstances of life. If we want to ask a favour of any\\none, a knowledge of Physiognomy will teach us so to vary\\nour modes of procedure, with varying character, as to reduce\\nour chances of failure to a minimum. By it we are made\\naware of the predominant characteristics of the party whose\\ngood offices we seek to propitiate and over and above all\\nthis we can, by means of Physiognomy, decide as to the\\nparticular kind of humour he is in at the time the favour is\\nrequested of him, and thus avoid a refusal by judiciously\\nsuiting ourselves to his state of mind, or by postponing the\\nmatter to a more convenient season. How often is the\\nbungler, to his unbounded astonishment, met with a curt\\nrefusal to his request, in a quarter where he thought he was\\nassured of success, while he has only himself to thank for\\nhis failure in neglecting the warnings of the Physiognomical\\nindex, or in being unable properly to shape and time his\\npetition to the particular idiosyncratic quality of his\\ncustomer or fellow-man and thus it is in every conceivable\\nc", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "34 INTRODUCTION.\\ncondition in which man and man are placed in relation to\\neach other. During the tedium of a long journey by rail\\nor by water, the value of this power of reading character\\ncan hardly be over-estimated. If we feel inclined to enter\\ninto conversation, we have the means to our hand of picking\\nout those who are socially inclined, and of avoiding the\\nrepellant and hedge-hog kind of traveller; and it enables us\\nnot only to do this, but after selecting the individual to be\\noperated upon, we can by it arrive approximately at a sound\\nconclusion as to the particular kind of topic which is likely to\\nprove the most acceptable and the least distasteful and thus\\nwe may accomplish at one and the same time the improve-\\nment of our own time in a pleasant and profitable way, and\\nthe furtherance also of the profit, improvement, and pleasure\\nof others. We could multiply indefinitely instances wherein\\na knowledge of Physiognomy would be invaluable, but the\\nlimits of our space compel us to adhere only to the more\\nconspicuous of those. Success in life hinges entirely upon\\nthe adoption, in youth or early manhood, of that particular\\ncalling, trade, or profession which is the best suited to the\\ncapacity and bent of the individual; but it is well known,\\nthat in the majority of cases the choice of any particular\\nprofession is the result of fortuitous circumstances; and it\\nwill not be denied that this hap-hazard system results most\\nfrequently in the round pin being fitted to the square hole,\\nand vice versa. We have shewn that no two human beings\\nare similarly endowed, and as an evident corollary of this,\\neach individual must be better fitted for some one occupa-\\ntion than for any other. To neglect the means, then, of\\ndiscovering the proper sphere in time is to be guilty of the\\nmost mischievous folly, and yet it is rare to find parents\\ngoing systematically to work in a matter of so much im-\\nportance, and, as we have said, the decision is left very\\nmuch to accident or predilection on the part of the parents.\\nCircumspection in this direction is of paramount importance*", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 35\\nbut, alas, how often does the prevailing method result in\\nthe dissipation of the energies of a lifetime, unillumined\\nby the faintest realization of the hopes which seemed to\\nbeckon it on at the commencement. The youth who, as an\\nEngineer or Inventor, would have made a glorious name\\nfor himself, passes through life as a Doctor or a Lawyer,\\nstruggling and unsuccessful. Young men who would\\ninfallibly have taken rank amongst our merchant princes, if\\ninitiated at the proper time into the mysteries of commerce,\\nfrequently waste a lifetime in seeking distinction in some\\nsphere for which they are utterly unsuited. Young women\\nfret themselves to death in the uncongenial calling of\\nmillinery or dressmaking, when they might have been\\nprofitably and pleasantly employed in the kitchen or behind\\nthe shop-counter; and so of all the various occupations of\\nlife. Physical and mental disqualifications for particular\\nwalks of usefulness are unheeded at the time of choice, and\\nthe result is, that work which should be pleasant and\\nhealthful for mind and body, is conducive only to brittleness\\nof temper and general unhappiness. A judicious choice, on\\nthe other hand, gives an impetus at the start, which carries\\nthem on pleasantly and profitably to that measure of dis-\\ntinction for which they are suited. Above all, to both man\\nand woman, the choice of a partner for life is an act fraught\\nwith the weightiest consequences, and in this, perhaps, as\\nmuch as in any other turning point of life, the paramount\\nimportance of a correct understanding of the Principles of\\nPhysiognomy shines forth with the clearest brilliancy. Not\\nonly our own happiness, but the happiness of our children,\\nand our children s children, is bound up with a judicious or\\na foolish selection, and it well behoves us to give the matter\\nthe very deepest consideration, at so momentous an epoch of\\nour existence.\\nApart from a utilitarian point of view, the mere pleasure\\nto be derived from the science is an element which, of itself", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "3G INTRODUCTION.\\nalone might have sufficed to make it universal in its\\nadoption. When disinclined for more active pursuits, what\\na vast fund of amusing instruction may be gathered in\\nthe contemplation, from a window overlooking a densely\\nthronged thoroughfare, of the various types of countenances\\nwhich pass and repass in an ever ceaseless flow. The same\\nmay be said of a journey by railway or steamboat; and as\\npleasure is healthiest when combined with profit and\\ninstruction, we cannot do better than give this species of it\\nour hearty recommendation and approval. We have tried\\nit for years, and find it an occupation which never palls\\nand we are convinced that these studies for leisure hours\\nwill be more and more entered into as the Science of\\nPhysiognomy becomes better known and more widely\\nunderstood.\\nThe moral element which is bound up with the Science\\nof Physiognomy is one deserving of the deepest and most\\nprofound consideration and attention: and we predict, that\\nin the promotion of that science, the philanthropist and\\nsocial reformer will find ere long their most powerful and\\nmost efficient levers for the regeneration of mankind. The\\nswollen basilar visages of the habitually vicious are the\\ndirect and inevitable consequences of a life-long indulgence\\nin the worst passions which can take possession of the\\nhuman breast, and they may well act as a beacon and a\\nwarning to the rising generation, of the untold evils which\\nfollow in the train of unbridled indulgence, lust, and passion.\\nThese are the beacons which tell of the danger-fraught\\nrocks and shoals which lie below, and on which have\\nperished so many goodly barks in life s tempestuous voyage.\\nOnce let the moral Physiognomical survey be made, and the\\nmoral Physiognomical chart be drawn and laid down, and\\nthe voyage of life will be robbed of one-half of its perils,\\nand travellers relieved of one-half their terrors. Once let it\\nbe generally understood and admitted that an inward refor-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 37\\nmation is the sure forerunner of a beautifying refc rmation\\nin the outward and visible marks of the countenance, and\\nvice will be robbed of one-half of her powers of seduction,\\nwhile virtue will be reinforced to the same extent. Our\\nprisons and our Courts of Justice would become colleges\\nand museums for the student of Physiognomy, where he\\nwould see depicted, in endless variety of revolting delinea-\\ntion, the degraded pictures of the votaries of vice. In fact,\\nthe extent to which this lever for the destruction and anni-\\nhilation of vice could be used is unbounded, and the benefits\\nwhich would accrue would have an application as wide and\\nuniversal as the habitable globe. The enormous sums of\\nmoney which are required in every country, for the efficient\\nmaintenance of the machinery for the control and punish-\\nment of the criminal population, would be replaced by\\nmodest figures, and the energies and talents of our public\\njudicial servants would be turned into other useful channels\\nof work. The general adoption of the principle would have\\nthe effect of making so apparent the scoundrel, the thief,\\nand the habitual criminal of whatever cast, that it would\\nspeedily be discovered that vice was an article no longer\\nmarketable, and that upright itnd honest dealing were the\\nonly passports to a livelihood. It is in this merciless\\nexposure of vice, when the vicious could no longer walk the\\nstreets without, in his face, carrying a signboard denoting\\nthe rottenness within, that is to be found the most powerful\\nelement for the elimination of vice in the future. These\\nunfortunates would be literally starved into a different\\ncourse of action, and would be compelled, nolens volens, to\\nretrace their erring steps to the paths of virtue. It is\\nimpossible to calculate the influence which this feature will\\nexercise when the Principles of Physiognomy have reached\\ntheir acme of development. When Physiognomy is taught\\nin our schools, and when chairs of Physiognomy are insti-\\ntuted in our Universities, then may we mark the dawn of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "38\\nINTRODUCTION.\\nthe better time, the approach of the millennium of thefutme,\\nand a giant stride on the part of the human race in its\\nmarch to perfection a perfection which the Omnipotent has\\nenacted from all time to be the fit resting-place for that\\nethereal essence, the Soul.\\nLeon M. G-ambetta, an eminent French statesman and founder of\\nthe French Republic. When he died from a pistol wound, in 1882, at 44\\nyears of age, his brain was found to weigh 40-r ounces, whereas boys of 7\\nto 14 years of age average a fraction less than 46 ounces. Dr. Flint, in his\\nPhysiology, gives the average male brain in New York at a little over\\n50 ounces. Here we find one of the most powerful of the statesmen of\\nhis time with a receding forehead and exceedingly small brain.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE FORMS OF THE HUMAN BODY.\\nWe are all the slaves of our organism. Emerson.\\nThe question of human responsibility, involved as it is in\\nthe metaphysical subtleties, yet pregnant with the weighti-\\nest practical interest, has ever been the vexed inquiry\\nof speculative theology. But although I am somewhat\\nattracted to this perplexing field, by the subject I am about\\nto discuss, I shall not here attempt its exploration. I\\nshall leave the metaphysicians to solve the question\\nwhether mind is the result of physical organization, or\\nphysical organization the result of mind or to what extent\\nthey both act and react upon each other. In this work,\\nstrictly devoted as it is to Physiognomical Science, it will\\nbe sufficient for me to point out those mental and moral\\ncharacteristics which, in common experience, are always\\nfound in connection with distinctive physical types.\\nA scientific definition of the types of the human body, as\\nregards the relations and proportions between its various\\nparts, has been attempted even by the earliest writers.\\nGalen and Hippocrates contended that all men could be\\nclassed under four erases or temperaments, viz., the san-\\nguineous, bilious, melancholic, and phlegmatic. The bilious\\ntemperament, according to Hippocrates, is the result of an", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "4:0 THE FORMS OF THE HUMAN BODY.\\nexcess of yellow bile secreted by the liver the melancholic,\\nof a surplus of black bile produced by the spleen; the\\nsanguineous, of an overplus of blood originated by the heart,\\nand the phlegmatic, of a superabundance of phlegm a\\nwatery fluid consequent upon the action of the brain.\\nThe progress of physiological science has shewn us that\\nthe brain does not, as the Greek pl^sician supposed,\\noriginate a watery fluid, and that black bile is not produced\\nby the spleen, nor blood by the heart. Yet, notwith-\\nstanding these errors in the details of Hippocrates system,\\nhis classification, as such, has been handed down through\\nsucceeding ages, and is more or less in favour to-day. Now\\nI maintain that this ancient system, and all the modern\\nschemes which have been founded upon it, are essentially\\nfalse, because they are not based upon nature, and because\\ntheir terminology is obscure to any but the scientific\\nstudent.\\nI prefer, in the consideration of this subject, to discard the\\nword temperament altogether, as liable to grave misunder-\\nstanding, and to designate the different classes of men by\\ntheir different physical forms. These forms, which are five\\nin number, I shall consider in the following order. The\\nAbdominal Form the Thoracic Form the Muscular and\\nFibrous Form; the Osseous or Bony Form, and the Brain\\nand Nerve Form. In this order I follow nature in the\\nmanner in which she unfolds the respective powers of\\nmankind. I ascend from that which developes first to that\\nwhich is latest in maturing, from the lower part of the face\\nand physique to the superior portions, and the same order\\nis maintained throughout the entire classification of this\\nbook. The number of the classes of the signs of the\\nfaculties correspond with the number of forms which the\\nsigns and their even combinations represent. Every person,\\nof course, possesses all of these forms, but in the vast\\nmajority of instances they are unequally developed, in", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "THE FORMS OF THE HUMAN BODY. 41\\nwhich case, the predominating form or forms, by marking\\nthe leading characteristic, indicates the class to which the\\nsubject belongs.\\nThe abdomen is that part of the body which lies between\\nthe thorax and the pelvis, and includes the larger part of\\nthe digestive apparatus, and the intestines. The form to\\nwhich the abdomen gives its name may be morbidly in-\\ncreased by entire freedom from care and study, and excessive\\nindulgence in eating, drinking, and sleep. Those in\\nwhom it is highly developed have full cheeks, a double chin,\\none or more wrinkles running round the neck, short and\\nirregular wrinkles on the forehead, almond-shaped and\\nsleepy eyes, a round, pug nose, and general fulness in the\\nabdominal region. They are epicurean in their tastes,\\nprudent, indolent, good-natured, social, and fond of making\\nand of spending money. They are inclined to adipose\\naccumulation, and succeed better in the social circle than\\nin high deliberative or executive functions. The activity\\nof their excernent system gives them the plump and\\naqueous appearance which is consequent upon an abun-\\ndance of the vital fluids. Daniel Lambert may be cited\\nin illustration of the abdominal form.\\nThe Thoracic form is highly developed, when the thorax\\nis relatively large. The heart and the organs of respiration\\nare contained within the thoracic cavity, hence mountain\\nair, and mountain climbing; striking the chest rapidly after\\na full inhalation; running; swimming, and other exercises\\nincrease the Thoracic form, by developing the lungs, and\\nstimulating the circulatory action of the heart. Those in\\nwhom this form predominates, are fond of amusements,\\npure air and exercise. They are cheerful and imaginative,\\nbut dislike confinement, and are usually averse to study.\\nTheir muscles are of a fine and rather firm texture, and\\nthey have generally a large nose, with expanded nostrils,\\nprominent and wide cheek bones, protuberant veins, and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "42 THE FORMS OF THE HUMAN BODY.\\nmoderate or small brain and abdomen. They are peculiarly\\nliable to acute diseases, and especially to inflammatory com-\\nplaints. Cicero was a good example of this form.\\nAs large bones are not always accompanied by powerful\\nmuscles, it is necessary to discriminate between the Muscular\\nand Fibrous, and the Osseous forms. Dr. Windship of\\nBoston, although able to lift 2,600 lbs., is a man of small\\nframe- work. The Muscular form is developed by all kinds\\nof energetic and healthful muscular exercise. Those who\\nare distinguished by it are sensitive and energetic. They\\npossess abundant physical courage, and although compar-\\natively slow to anger, are desperate when exasperated. In\\nthe purely intellectual powers they are seldom gifted, but\\nwhen urged to practical exertion by love, ambition, rage, or\\nfear, there are few obstacles which they cannot surmount.\\nThey are elastic and amorous, and when irritated become\\ndestructive. Dr. Windship, who is a conspicuous instance\\nof this form, told me that light-haired people were the most\\nsusceptible of physical development. He is light-haired, and\\nof a sandy complexion. Romulus, Hercules, Achilles, Hector.\\nAjax, Alexander the Great, William Wallace, and Robert\\nBruce, all possessed the muscular form. The Spartan\\nlegislators paid particular attention to the development\\nof the physique, and to that end ordained that women as\\nwell as men should practise running, wrestling, boxing,\\njumping, swimming, quoit-pitching, and throwing the\\njavelin. To insure a muscular race, they also ordered that\\nall weakly and deformed children should be destroyed\\nimmediately after birth. Plutarch informs us that, the\\nbetter to tone the fibres, the athletic exercises of the Greeks\\nwere performed by both men and women in a nude\\ncondition. The physical signs of the muscular form are,\\ngeneral breadth of the body, well defined tendons and\\nmuscles, heavy shoulders, a nose broad at the base, and a\\nlarse short neck. The muscles may be developed by", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "THE FORMS OF TIIE HUMAN BODY. 43\\nrigorous exercise in the shade, but the growth of the bones\\nis dependent on the influence of sunlight.\\nThose persons strongly characterized by the Osseous form,\\nhave a sallow or dark complexion, long limbs and fingers,\\nsquare shoulders, a prominent nose, hollow cheeks and\\ntemples, and straight hair. They are ungraceful in their\\nmovements, slow in motion and judgment, but very\\nreliable awkward iu bestowing or receiving a favour,\\ncareless in details, and more fond of comfort than display.\\nWhen this form is supported by a large brain, and general\\nhealthiness of organization, it is highly favourable to talent\\nand greatness. Plato, Plutarch, Alfred the Great, La\\nFayette, Washington, and Lincoln possessed the Osseous, in\\nmarked but harmonious combination with the Brain and\\nNerve form.\\nThe Brain or Nerve form is shown by various external\\nsigns, such as an uneven or angular surface of skull, sharp\\nfeatures, thin lips and nostrils, wasted physique, an anxious\\nand discontented expression, a relatively small chest and\\nneck, and a relatively large head. Persons of this form are\\nquick in their motions, keenly sensitive to every species\\nof suffering or enjoj^ment, and peculiarly susceptible of the\\ninfluence of alcoholic liquors, opium, tobacco, and tea. They\\nare apt to be dyspeptic, irritable, fidgety, and super-\\nattentive to details. They carry too much sail, and they\\nneed a great deal of sleep and healthful food to repair the\\nwaste of nature incident to the excitement of their intense\\nlives.\\nThe most important lesson which can be derived from\\nthe science of physiognomical forms is, that an appropriate\\nAnd protracted system of education and living may so\\nmodify their relative development as to bring them all into\\nthat harmonious proportion which is the condition of the\\nhighest mental and physical health. A child, for instance, in\\nwhom the brain and nerve form is unduly ascendant, may", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "44 THE FORKS OF THE HUMAN BODY.\\nacquire the Osseous form by drinking calcareous water, and\\nby plain diet, pure air, and light manual labour in the sun-\\nlight. All the other forms may be similarly transmuted by\\nappropriate training. The Creator has given perfection of\\nphysique to very few of His creatures; but he has arranged\\nthe animal economy with such ineffable wisdom and good-\\nness, that all have it in their power to decrease their natural\\ndefects, and approximate, at least, to a perfectly harmonious\\norganization. As childhood is the period when human\\nbeings are most susceptible of all kinds of educational\\ninfluences, it is evident that parents and guardians are\\ndeeply responsible for the healthy combination of forms in\\nthe children whose rearing is committed to their care.\\nFrederick the Great, author of 23 volumes, possessed the retro-\\ngressive and homoeopathic forehead, crouched top head, yet, in liberality,\\nsignificant genius, remarkable intellectual power, enterprise, and heroism,\\nhe has rarely, if ever, had an equal among monarchs.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "THE ABDOMINAL FORM.\\nOne of the most important lessons which an observant,\\nthinking man can learn is, that there are certain boundaries\\nto human knowledge beyond which he cannot step, without\\ninvolving himself in the fogs of superstition. The How of\\na natural law we may define and explain, but the Why\\nsometimes evades our efforts.\\nWe cannot tell why platinum is eighteen times heavier\\nthan water. Why chloride of sodium (common salt)\\nalways crystallizes in the form of a cube, no matter how\\noften it is dissolved in water. We perceive that the com-\\nbustion of a tallow candle is caused by the oxygen of the\\natmosphere uniting with the carbon or tallow of which it\\nis formed, by what we term chemical action, producing\\ncarbonic acid gas. But Why this takes place has never\\nbeen answered.\\nWhy the sun is so much larger than the planets, or why\\nthey revolve around him within certain limits, are matters\\nentirely beyond the reach of our reasoning powers. We\\nobserve only the facts, and from those facts deduce what\\nwe call natural law.\\nThe same rule pertains to our knowledge of humanity.\\nWe cannot tell why men and animals with large build in\\nthe abdomen are more fond of eating and ease than those\\nof less prominence in this region, and yet from practical", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "46\\nTHE ABDOMINAL FORM.\\nobservation we discover such to be the truth. To the\\nattentive eye the world appears filled with principles and\\nl. S 2.\\n1. The Abdominal Form Large. The Claimant for the Tichborne Estate.\\n2. The Abdominal Form Small. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Wallace, of Kelly. Copied by permis-\\nsion from The Characters of Glasgow, published by Mr. John Tweed,\\n1 1 St. Enoch Square, Glasgow.\\ncurious facts, yet none can fathom the reason why of their\\nexistence.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "THE ABDOMINAL FORM. 4 4\\nGeology reveals to us the fact that the first living\\norganisms were destitute of bone or frame-work. Every\\nportion of the body was constructed to minister to eating\\nand digestion, which was the great aim of their existence.\\nTue stomach occupied the centre, protected on all sides from\\ninjury, and the digestive power was strong and active.\\nThe Polypi were round bodied, destitute of bone or shell,\\nand from the commencement to the end of their existence,\\ndid nothing but eat and digest their food.\\nAs we come down later in the scale of animated life, we\\ndiscover the Dermal skeleton, or that where the bony\\nstructure or shell is on the outside, as in the Mollusca and\\nother shell-fish, together with the tribes of insect life. Still\\nlater we have the Neural skeleton, where the bones are\\ninside, as in the horse, dog, sheep, and animals of the\\nhighest type, as well as Man.\\nThe law of growth in the world seems to be from the\\nlowest to highest forms of being. As the efforts of the boy\\nare excelled by those of the man, in beauty, perfection, and\\nusefulness; so nature, or the earth, appears to progress in\\neach later age in her productions of animal life.\\nRaces of men make their appearance, reach their utmost\\ncapacity, then go to decay, and become extinct. As one of\\nthe first acts of life is to eat, so the first nations of men\\nlived mainly to eat. Then came the muscular age of Egypt,\\nGreece, and Rome, where war and labour were the chief\\noccupations, and now still later we enter upon the age of\\nthought and reason. So rarely is it we meet a man of large\\nabdomen, that when we do, we regard him as a specimen of\\nthe past age.\\nRecollect the Abdominal form takes into consideration all\\nthat part of the body between the diaphragm (which\\nseparates the stomach and intestines from the lungs and\\nheart) and the inner surface of the pelvis. It contains the\\nstomach, liver, and other viscera, and is the fat or oline-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a38 THE ABDOMINAL FORM.\\nproducing region the nutritive and assimilative part of\\nthe body. The vital forces are active in this form. What\\nis eaten digests well, and the organs of assimilation store up\\ntheir material in the form of fat; this cushions up the bones,\\nrounds out the muscles, and gives a plump appearance to\\nthe whole frame.\\nAttendant upon a large abdomen are broad mouth, round-\\nness of chin, cheeks, c, a softness of flesh (from the\\npresence of fatty matter) to the touch. The eyes are usually\\nsleepy looking; face destitute of expression; pulse slow;\\nmovements lazy in fact, neither quick in action nor thought.\\nTo them it is a matter of indifference whether butter is ten\\nor fifty cents a pound, provided they get enough of it.\\nPersonal cares hang loosely on their minds, and slip off as\\neasily as their clothing they never borrow trouble, but\\nare ever willing to lend it; and are always averse to physical\\nlabour, or incapable by illness. They may be fitly repre-\\nsented as a bag of food, or a storehouse of fat.\\nAn ordinary tumble does little injury to a man so well\\npadded and protected. Dinners are of more consequence to\\nhim than ideas. Such men are never close students, what-\\never may be their pretensions. Their dreams have never\\nchiselled down their faces by day or night, and their joys\\nare as rarely intense as their sorrows. The glands are all\\nactive, and do their work thoroughly; sleep is easy, and\\ntends to assist digestion, while it increases the fatty secre-\\ntions. Children who sleep much, and assimilate their food\\nreadily, are almost invariably fat.\\nPersons of the Abdominal shape should be especially\\ncareful not to overload the stomach with food, as they are\\nliable to diseases of an apoplectic or paralytic character.\\nMan is endowed with reason that he may overlook and\\ncontrol his appetites and passions, and thus keep in a healthy\\ncondition the whole animal economy.\\nThe principle involved is like that of a threshing", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "THE ABDOMINAL FORM. 49\\nmachine, too much grain chokes up the apparatus, and\\nthe whole force is lost; so the vital organs become clogged,\\nand disease and. death ensue. Men who are large in the\\nAbdomen are unexcitable, their ideas are as undefined as\\ntheir bodies are destitute of angles and points. Daniel\\nLambert, in England, was a remarkable specimen of the\\nAbdominal shape, and Dixon H. Lewis, long time senator\\nin Congress, from the Southern States, was another, in\\nAmerica.\\nThey are subject to such diseases as inflammatory\\nrheumatism, dropsy, and similar complaints. Mentally they\\nare indolent, sensual, cowardly, unambitious, and deficient\\nin enterprise. Those characteristics naturally invite the\\ninsolence and oppression of otliers. The inhabitants of\\nCentral Asia are principally of the Abdominal shape, and\\nthey are wanting in dignity, energy, and enterprise.\\nThe English partake in some degree of this build, blended\\nwith the bone and muscular attributes, and this combination\\ngives them self-possession and a consciousness of indepen-\\ndence. The highest compliment which an Englishman ever\\npays a foreigner is to tell him that he really took him for\\nan Englishman.\\nWhere the Abdominal characteristics predominate in a\\nnation the character of the people will be social in secular\\naffairs, and slow and easy in domestic life. Women\\nbecome indifferent to tidiness in housekeeping, as exer-\\ntion is unpleasant to mind and body, and men of this\\nbuild make poor and lazy mechanics. Their mental efforts\\nare apt to become confused, the labour of thinking being\\nequally disagreeable with that of physical exertion.\\nSydney Smith, the celebrated wit, once sat opposite to\\na man of this organization at the dinner table, and for\\na time was profoundly impressed with his solemn, por-\\ntentous-looking face. After watching and waiting a while,\\nto catch the drops of wisdom he expected to fall from", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "50 THE ABDOMINAL FORM.\\nthe fat stranger s lips, a huge dish of apple dumplings was\\nplaced on the table, when in a moment the half-closed\\neyes opened widely, stared with delight at the dumplings,\\nand the supposed philosopher exclaimed, Them s the\\njockeys for me. Sydney Smith then learned a lesson in\\nPhysiognomy which he never afterwards forgot.\\nIn the walks of science and art the fat man takes little\\ndelight; to him the thorny path which leads to greatness\\nis an insuperable difficulty, and he is better pleased to\\nreap the harvest which the industry of others has pro-\\nduced, than to work himself in the vineyard.\\nWhen boys shew a pre-disposition to this form, they\\nare apt to be untruthful; they enjoy fun, but are physi-\\ncally and mentally too lazy to make it; but when it is\\njoined to the Bony and Muscular form, it gives a keen\\nappreciation of wit and humour. They are sluggish, like\\nthe stagnant waters of a morass, and inclined to be impure\\nin thought. Not from such, but among the slim and\\nactive, must we look for the regenerators of the world.\\nFood, when introduced into the stomach, allays the\\npassions, and by calling the vital energies to the work\\nof digestion, produces an indifference to mental action:\\nhence the importance of setting apart proper hours for\\nthought and study. Whatever power is used in digestion\\nlessens that necessary for the brain. Thousands of lawyers,\\nclergymen, and merchants, invite their friends to their\\nown funerals, by rushing into mental labour on a full\\nstomach. A clear brain and a clean stomach are so nearly\\nsynonymous, that a sermon on health might be preached\\nwithout any other text.\\nNapoleon attributed the loss of a great battle to the\\nfact of his having eaten something which did not agree\\nwith him. Charles VI., Emperor of West Austria, ate a\\ndish of mushrooms that caused dyspepsia, and his death.\\nThe destiny of kingdoms sometimes hangs in the balance,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "THE ABDOMINAL FORM. 51\\nwhich a full or empty stomach may turn in one or the\\nother direction. To eat reasonably is to eat moderately\\nihe food best fitted for mental and physical activity, as\\nthe fatty or carbonaceous substances taken into the system\\nonly serve to maintain warmth, and fulfil no other\\npurpose than the coal does in our stoves. We should,\\ntherefore, abstain from that class of diet, especially in\\nthe summer season, when warmth is not an object. Too\\nmany people cram and stuff their own stomachs, and those\\nof their children, just the same in summer as in winter,\\nand by that means induce the presence of those fevers\\nwhich seem to be permanently located in our midst.\\nWhen the body is healthy, we can often move among\\ndiseased persons with impunity; but when it is gorged\\nwith improper food, or too great a quantity, a field is\\noffered for disease to work upon, and death is frequently\\nthe penalty paid for such neglect. An enormous appetite\\nalmost invariably attends insanity and idiotcy.\\nWhere it becomes necessary to cultivate the Abdominal\\nform, care should be observed in the selection of food. It\\nshould be plain, easy of digestion, and taken several times\\nin a day; mastication should be slow and perfect; rest\\nafter every meal; sleep indulged in if desired; good temper\\nshould be encouraged, and nothing should be allowed to\\ninterfere with the mind or body during the process of\\ndigestion. The drink, milk and water only, and very\\nsoon the viscera will be strengthened, and the abdominal\\npowers will become enlarged and improved.\\nTo repress this condition, the eyes and ears should be\\nkept open, and the mouth shut. We should eat less, and\\ntry to work and think more.\\nBy associating with persons whose brains are active,\\nand whose nervous organizations are full of life, the sleepy\\nfat man will gradually acquire habits of though tfulness;\\ncontact, by the law of sympathy, will induce greater", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "52 THE ABDOMINAL FORM.\\nactivity in the torpid brain, and each succeeding effort\\nwill prove easier than the former; until at last, in the\\nplace of a human being devoted like a hog to the solidi-\\nfication of carbon, in the shape of lard, we have a man\\nfulfilling the nobler destiny of solving the great problems\\nof life and motion with which the world is overflowing.\\nThe use of alcoholic drinks, in all cases, tends to a\\ndegeneracy of the body, producing the Abdominal form.\\nThe hydrogen, which is the basis of alcohol, produces\\ntemporary warmth at the expense of the destruction of\\nthe tissues of the body, and inclines the stomach and\\nliver to fatty secretions; this is the reason we see so\\nmany bloated faces around our too numerous saloons;\\nand when disease once takes hold of such a subject, he\\nis almost sure to be hurried off to that bar, where, it is\\nsaid, men give an account of wasted or well-spent lives.\\nPersonal salvation must begin by controlling the appetite;\\npure souls are not to be found in impure bodies, and\\nbefore we can be born again, a fitting temple, swept and\\ngarnished, must be prepared for the regenerated spirit.\\nAssociate, then, with persons who are intelligent, observe\\nand copy their habits and manners, and in time the\\nburden of fat will fall from you, and additional weight of\\nbrain will take its place.\\nThis large Abdominal condition has many times been\\ncast aside, and exchanged for muscle and brain. Sleep\\nlittle, eat seldom, study much, bathe daily in cold water,\\nclimb the mountains, and there, while respiring the pure\\nair, let your soul drink in the great and holy sermon\\nwhich is preached through nature s beautiful handiwork.\\nAs your thoughts tower away among the hill tops, or\\nrecline among the flowery vales, nerve again your whole\\nframe, for one grand effort, to send your spirit, imagina-\\ntively, throughout the vast labyrinths and mazes of worlds,\\nrounded and painted with flowers, gladdened with the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "THE ABDOMINAL FORM.\\n53\\nsongs of birds, and decorated with rainbows, blue sky,\\nand glorious landscapes, until you are swinging on airy\\npinions, mid the beautiful Paradise of the Poets.\\nWhen your natural condition returns, and you wonder-\\ningly scrutinize, and try to divine whether it was a vision,\\na dream, or noble thought, almost doubting your own\\nidentity, then remember one step has been taken to\\nbring your spiritual nature over your gross animal appetites\\nand deadening passions. A hundred such lessons, with\\ndaily care and. diet, will give you spiritual conceptions,\\nand a thousand similar upliftings, and you will have a\\nspiritual birth. Thus, and thus only, can we develop the\\nmind and spirit, and curb the Old Adam within us.\\nDr. J. F. Blumenbach, a celebrated German anatomist, physiolo-\\ngist, and anthropologist, filled the chairs of anatomy and medicine at Got-\\ntingen more than half a century. He first divided the human species into\\nfive races. This is a superlatively scientific and pure face.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "THE THORACIC FORM.\\nThe thorax or chest is the highest of the two great divisions\\nof the trunk in the human body, being situated between\\nthe neck and the abdomen, from which it is separated by\\nthe large muscular partition called the diaphragm. The\\nchest is protected from external injury by the back and\\nbreast bones, and the ribs, which permit the necessary\\namount of expansion, but prevent so much as would be\\ninjurious. It incloses the heart and lungs, with the various\\narteries, veins, ducts, tubes, which are immediately connected\\nwith them, and necessary for their functions. This is not\\nonly the great centre of the circulation of the blood, but the\\nlaboratory in which is carried on the all-important work of\\npurifying it, so as to render it fit to fulfill its office in the\\nsystem. Impure or venous blood impure because charged\\nwith carbon venous because flowing through the veins\\nenters the right auricle of the heart, thence proceeds to the\\nright ventricle, and is driven from that into the lungs, to be\\nexposed to the influence of the air which has been inhaled\\nthrough the trachea or wind-pipe. The precious, life-giving\\noxygen of the air seizes upon, and as it were, burns the\\ncarbon of the blood, which now pure, warm, and life-giving,\\nis conveyed to the left side of the heart while the impure\\nair, called carbonic acid gas, is expelled from the lungs and\\nbreathed out through the trachea or wind-pipe. The pure", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "THE THORACIC FORM.\\n55\\narterial blood is pumped from the heart through the arteries,\\nand circulated in the body by capillary tubes, where it again\\ncontracts carbon, and returns through the veins to undergo\\nthe same process. As soon as the lungs have sent away the\\npurified blood for circulation, the heart pours into them a\\nnew stream of the impure to meet the next breath, and so\\nthe process goes on,\\nwith silent but mighty\\nand withal harmonious\\nactivity, through our\\nsleeping as well as\\nwaking hours, from\\nthe first hour of life\\non till the last; for\\nthe commencement of\\nthese operations means\\nlife begun; the cessa-\\ntion of them is life\\nended in death. The\\nquantity of air taken\\ninto the lungs is reck-\\noned as about 502\\ncubic inches per minute\\nfor a grown person at\\nrest during the day,\\nand 400 during the\\nnight. But this quan- The Thoracic Form Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 William III.\\ntity is largely increased by exertion.\\nIf the respiratory and circulatory apparatus of any indi-\\nvidual is in a good condition for accomplishing its work,\\nsufficiently large, and having room for full play, it will\\nappear outwardly in a broad capacious chest, and with this\\nwill be associated large nostrils, and prominent malar or\\ncheek-bones. This conformation is found much more in\\nmountainous regions than in low plains. In Switzerland,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "56\\nTHE THORACIC FORM.\\nScotland, the high lands of California, and in parts of New\\nEngland we find what we may call the Thoracic shape pre-\\nvailing; and all the points that go to compose it are\\nconspicuous in the North American\\nIndians. So also the Inka Indians,\\nliving on the mountains of South\\nAmerica, have very large and long\\nlungs; they live to a great age,\\nand never suffer from pulmonary\\ndisease. Some are said to have\\nprolonged their lives to two\\nhundred years. The inhabitants\\nof the city of Mexico, which is\\nseven thousand feet above the\\nocean level, are never pulmonic\\nDr consumptive, while in the low\\ngrounds of that country, such dis-\\nease is very prevalent. Similar\\nfacts are observed in Nevada,\\nThe Thoracic Form Small Oregon, and Washington Territory,\\nas well as in the mountains of California. All consumptive\\npatients experience relief, if they visit these heights in good\\ntime, before the disease has progressed too far. As elevated\\nregions are favourable to persons liable to pulmonary affec-\\ntions, those near the sea are quite the reverse therefore the\\nclimate of London, Glasgow, San Francisco, New York, and\\nother localities situated but little above sea level, should be\\navoided by persons of contracted chests.\\nWe are informed by Audubon, Wilson, and other Orni-\\nthologists, that birds which habitually fly high have\\nlarger air-vessels than those which remain in lower air.\\nThe wild pigeon, which is capable of such a rapid and\\nextended flight, reaching in some instances as much as\\nthree hundred miles an hour, has both lungs and heart\\nlarge in comparison with any other birds not migratory.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "THE THORACIC FORM. 57\\nLikewise the bears of mountainous countries have lung-\\npower very superior to that of the same class of animals\\nliving in the valleys. Even fish in mountain streams\\nand lakes are found to have larger air-vessels than those\\nswimming in the sluggish waters of the lowlands.\\nThese facts may be thus explained. In low flat countries\\nthe atmosphere is denser, and a given amount of air con-\\ntains more oxygen than it does on the hills; therefore\\nthere is not the same necessity for filling the lungs in\\norder to obtain what is necessary to support life. But\\nwhen we ascend to higher regions, the atmosphere becomes\\nrarer, and we are compelled to inspire more in volume,\\nin order to get the same in weight and efficiency. Another\\ncause affecting the action both of lungs and heart, is, that\\nhigher altitudes are (cet. par.) colder than lower ones; and\\nas we require more warmth, we must burn more fuel, that\\nis carbon, to maintain the heat of the blood. Consequently,\\nwe must not only eat more fat and other carbon-producing\\nmatters, but must take in a larger quantity of oxygen to\\nburn it; and then the heart has to send the vital fluid\\nthrilling to the surface and extremities of the body. It\\nappears to be a universal law of nature that use increases\\ncapacity; and herein we see the philosophy of sending\\nweak-lunged people to the hills. Not only is the tempera-\\nture more equable, but the increased action of the lungs\\nsteadily enlarges them; the heart as a necessary conse-\\nquence begins to beat stronger; the appetite improves,\\nbecause the carbon must be found good health and spirits\\nare the natural result. Nature responds to activity and\\nuse, by giving increase of power, and strength, or profit\\nthus verifying that old parable of the Talents, where those\\nwho used them won others, and were rewarded with\\nincrease, while he who buried his for safe-keeping with-\\nout using it, lost that which he had. Nature destroys\\nthat which is not used, and because it is not used.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "58 THE THORACIC FORM.\\nWhen, however, the Thoracic form largely preponderates\\nover the abdominal, the activity of the heart and lungs\\nmay be too great in proportion to other functions; and\\nthe very intensity of the fires may destroy the life which\\nthey were intended to preserve. Though the broad-chested,\\nlarge-nosed, wide-cheek-boned mountaineer is no subject\\nfor Phthisis Pulmonalis, he may be subject to diseases\\nof a characteristic type. Among us, persons who have\\ntoo great a proportion of Thoracic development are liable\\nto haemorrhage and inflammatory fevers; when exposed to\\ngreat muscular exertion and fatigue, they may be afflicted\\nwith pi euro-pneumonia and rheumatism. When supported by\\ncorresponding abdominal powers, and large bone, muscle,\\nand brain, the well-developed thorax produces true leaders\\nin war. But where it predominates, as in the mountaineers\\nwe have referred to, and others among ourselves who are\\nnot mountaineers, J.t marks a type of character easily\\nrecognized. The distinct, well-marked features, the im-\\npetuous glance of the eye, the animated hopeful expres-\\nsion of countenance, the well-rounded limbs, and tine\\ncompact muscles, free alike from angularity and flabbiness,\\nprepare us to find less mental than physical power. Such\\npersons are more disposed for a stirring, active life, than\\none of study and close application. Their impressions\\ncome and go; so do their opinions and religious beliefs,\\nfickle as the wind; yet with a stro.ug and courageous will,\\nthey act upon each while it lasts. Again and again have\\ngreat revolutions been occasioned, mid effete civilizations\\noverturned by hordes of such impetuous mountaineers\\nsweeping over the more settled lowlands, and carrying\\nall before them, only to be themselves in turn displaced,\\nwhen, through ages of luxury, they have lost their thoracic-\\ncharacter. So did the earliest bands of the Caucasian race\\npour down from the Asiatic highlands to settle in Europe,\\nand develop the civilizations of Greece and Rome. But", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "THE THORACIC FORM. 59\\nwhen they became deteriorated, hordes of Goths and Huns,\\nusually called barbarians, descended from the mountains\\nof northern Europe, and took possession in their stead,\\nto become civilized in turn. Still later, the Norsemen\\ncame down on old England, and gave a mighty stir to\\nits population. So did the Tartars of high Asia make\\nthemselves masters of India, and become the terror of\\nEastern Europe, dispossessing its less hardy occupants. The\\ntraditions of Mexico, in like manner, point to a time when\\npeople came from the Andes and Cordilleras to settle in\\nthe lower lands and elaborate a new civilization. Popu-\\nlations of rude, elastic, stirring character are bred in\\nmountain lands, to transfuse fresh life every now and then\\ninto the more sedentary inhabitants of the plains.\\nAs certainly as Cuvier could describe the general charac-\\nteristics of an animal from a single tooth presented to\\nhim, and Owen, still later, undertook to make drawings\\nof animals never seen by living men, but which lived on\\nour earth hundreds of thousands of years ago; so surely\\nby observing the law of harmony in nature s works, the\\nconstant correspondence between mind and body, man and\\nhis surroundings, we are able to predicate that which we see\\nnot from that which we do see. And whenever we meet a\\nman in whom the Thoracic form is strongly predominant, we\\nexpect to find him active and elastic, rather than plodding\\ndisposed to be prodigal in his expenditure a playful,\\nhumorous, caressing, and obliging companion; easily elated\\nby prosperity, and hopeful in adversity; of lively deport-\\nment, and springy step fond of variety, ever astir, never\\nlong at one stay. Such a one seldom attains pre-eminence\\nin his sphere, but he may do much to keep his neighbours\\nalive, and prevent social intercourse from stagnating. Let\\nus add, he should never marry one of the same type; he\\nneeds a careful, steady, even-going wife, to counter-balance\\nhis disposition to profusion and restlessness.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\nNo portion of the human frame-work is so difficult to\\ndescribe, as that upon which muscular activity and\\nstrength depends. We discover one man weak, another\\nstrong, one overflowing with physical vigour, another all\\nfeebleness, yet size has apparently very little to do with the\\nmatter.\\nThe prize-fighter, by training, is reduced in bulk pre-\\nparatory to his trial of strength and skill. The race-horse\\nloses weight of one kind, which is replaced by activity and\\nendurance, ere he can win the prize ahead of his com-\\npetitors.\\nTo determine from whence this quality is derived, will\\nbe the subject matter for consideration in this chapter.\\nIt is not sufficient to know that one specimen of life is\\nfull of physical force, and another comparatively helpless\\nbut the causes or principles which underlie those conditions!\\nmust be studied, and to this task we invite our readers.\\nIt is from Nature we learn all that we know or can\\npossibly accomplish. The Poet says\\nNature hath nothing made so base, but can\\nRead some instruction to the wisest man.\\nThe artist sometimes endeavours to teach others to paint\\na landscape, but you only learn to imitate from him he, or", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\nGl\\nhis tutor, learned the lessons from Nature. The true land-\\nscape was painted by her long before man studied her aru\\nThe portrait painter but copies the face which nature has\\nso richly tinted; and the photographic artist uses the sun-\\nlight to accomplish those well rounded lines of beauty and\\ngrace, which no human hand can excel and but few imi-\\ntate to perfection.\\nThe Electrician pumps small doses of lightning from that\\ngreat reservoir the earth, but nature furnishes immensely\\nlarger ones from the same source.\\nThe rocks have been printed indelibly by nature s type,\\nso that the geologist reads her stories, as readily as from a\\nbook, and modern civilization but poorly imitates her\\naction, in that art we term the Mighty Press.\\nThe Muscular Form Large S. Judas Thadeus.\\nNavigation is a copy from the Nautilus, which trimmed\\nits tiny sails on summer seas long ages ere man made his", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "62\\nTHE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\nappearance on this globe. Our best efforts in this direction\\noften vainly try to work out safety and deliverance from\\ndanger, while this little creature is capable of providing\\nagainst the ocean storm, and always gains a haven of\\nsafety.\\nHouses were made by the beaver, musk-rat, and other\\nanimals, long before the first-born son of Adam built the\\nCity of Enoch, and their habitations serve their purposes, as\\nwell or better, than many of those erected by man.\\nThe first dwellers in\\ntents but imitated the\\nclosing foliage of the arched\\nforest overhead. The walls\\nof the ancient Egyptian\\ntemples, leaning inward,\\nare only imitations of that\\nprimitive tent, with the\\npointed top replaced by a\\nflat covering or roof. Thus\\narchitecture may be traced,\\nstep by step, from savage\\nwoodland life.\\nThe tribe of Muras,\\noccupying the forests of\\nthe valley of the Amazon,\\nbuild their houses in the\\ntops of trees, in exact imi-\\ntation of certain animals\\nwhich live in countries subject to inundation. Thus we see\\nthat nature is the source from whence we draw all our\\ndesigns, and obtain all our patterns; even the front and\\nback doors of our modern palatial mansions were invented\\nby the chattering English Magpie a bird whose ingenuity\\nand taste are only exceeded by its everlasting round of\\ntrickery and talk; perhaps in this latter respect poor\\nThe Muscular Form Small Princess\\nAnne.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM. 63\\nhumanity has also some semblance to this denizen of\\nthe air.\\nThus we might enumerate every trade, art, or profession\\nwhich man proudly claims as his own invention, and shew\\nthey are but plagiarisms on Nature. All we know we\\nlearn either directly or indirectly from this great Mother\\nof Life. She is our teacher, and obedience to her lessons\\nimplies strength, security, and success.\\nAnatomy and Physiology are partial studies of the form\\nand laws which govern our being, and Physiognomy\\nrequires the utmost accuracy in the ob; erv ^ion of nature,\\nto obtain success.\\nThe Muscular system is divided into two sets, known as\\nthe organs of strength and motion: the first are known as\\nthe voluntary muscles, which respond to the option of the\\nmind and the other acts independently, as in the motion of\\nthe heart, lungs, alimentary canal, arteries, bladder, skin,\\nc. Those two sets of muscles are inherited previous to\\nbirth; consequently we have only to do with their develop-\\nment and cultivation.\\nIn looking at nature, as exhibited in the vegetable world,\\nwe discover that of all the woody fibres, that species is\\ntoughest and strongest which, during its growth, exhibits\\nthe greatest activity or motion. The Elm is an instance\\nof this fact. Its slim branches are constantly swinging\\ngracefully in the air; no limbs bend more readily, and none\\nare harder to break. This law, which unites activity with\\nstrength, pervades all the vegetable world; indeed, rules all\\nanimate life, and plainly teaches the great lesson, that\\nmotion and life, rest and death, are but synonyms of\\neach other.\\nAt the birth of a child, it is unable to stand, or even\\ncrawl alone; but as it puts forth effort, strength begins\\nto be developed, and continued activity soon converts a\\nhelpless being into one physically or muscularly strong?", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "64 THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\nvigour takes the place of atony, and langour gives place\\nto lustiness.\\nExercise, then, is the great developer of animal muscle\\nas well as vegetable fibre. As illustrations of the fact that\\nactive exercise promotes this muscular strength, may be\\nmentioned the cases of the Kanakas, who have been known\\nto swim thirty miles, remaining in the water six hours.\\nThe naked castes of Hindostan, the Tasmanians, and\\nFuegians, who go unclothed in very cold weather, by\\nconstant exercise are able to endure cold and fatigue,\\nastonishing to less active races. An Eton boy can climb a\\ntree as readily as an ordinary lad could go up a ladder, and a\\nsavage will mount a smooth pole, using his feet like a second\\npair of hands, and jump from tree to tree, with great agility.\\nIn our own country we have the case of Dr. G. B. Wind-\\nship of Boston, who, by a thorough training in lifting,\\npulling, swinging, and the other various manoeuvres\\nattending a gymnastic course, has become a perfect\\nspecimen of health and strength, lifting 2,600 lbs., or a\\ndumb-bell of 200 lbs. at arm s length. His plan seems\\nto have proved a perfect success. Inheriting, from eight\\ngenerations of studious men, a disposition to inactivity\\nof the Muscular system, and weighing but one hundred\\nand twenty pounds, he sought to remedy the defect by\\na course of active exertion, so as to increase his size\\nand strength. To-day he weighs one hundred and\\nforty-four pounds. The deltoid muscles on his shoulders\\nare very broad, the biceps in his arms are immensely\\ndeveloped, and his whole body is a miracle of manly\\nstrength. He now teaches a gymnastic system of physical\\ncultivation in Boston.\\nCompare the life of this man with that of some exquisite\\nfop, whose highest ambition is to dress in the latest style,\\ntalk flabby nonsense to some coquette, and puff tobacco\\nsmoke in the pure air, or squirt the juice upon the pave-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM. 65\\nments of our cities Windship is a bundle of living nerves\\nand muscles, full of life and energy, while the other drawls,\\nfritters, and cusses a noble opportunity away.\\nIn addition to this constant exercise, pure air is an\\nabsolute necessity for the preservation of perfect health and\\nstrength. Our houses are, generally, poorly ventilated; and\\nwhen mankind learns the influence of sunlight on the\\nhuman body, we shall have stronger and better men than\\nat present. This activity in man and the vegetable world\\nworks out all unnecessary material from the body, and\\nleaves only the strongest and best behind. The lungs take\\nin at least one-third more air during exercise consequently,\\nthe supply of oxygen for vitalizing the blood and manu-\\nfacturing muscle is increased much of our indisposition to\\nmove about arises from the presence of this useless, cumber-\\nsome matter in the body; and there was a profound\\nphilosophy in that ancient system of punishment which\\nsought to cure the lazy scamp by whipping his hide\\nthrough the streets of a town.\\nAs physicians, we have to be very careful in setting a\\nbroken bone, when the individual has been confined to his\\nbed for some months, because there is unusual liability of\\nfracturing the tender bone in another place. Thus we find\\nthat inaction causes even the bones to weaken, and become\\ntender, as well as the muscles. How delicate and fragile\\nare the bodies of those stationary mollusks, or shell -fish,\\nwhen compared to the agile trout or well-muscled eel.\\nHerbert, the sweet singer of a hundred and fifty years\\nago, was inspired with the thought of an active, muscular^\\nand healthy man, when he sang\\nMan is all symmetry,\\nFull of proportions, one limb to another,\\nAnd to all the world besides\\nFor head with foot hath private amity\\nEach may call the farthest, brother,\\nAnd both, with moons and tide*.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "66 TH 1 MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\nWhen men with excellent Muscular development are\\nwell educated, what useful members of society they become.\\nThis was undoubtedly what Pope meant when he penned\\nthe lines\\nAnd praise the easy vigour of a line,\\nWhere Denham s strength and Waller s sweetness join.\\nMen who are authors, and at the same time strong in\\nmuscular proportions, will give evidence of boldness of con-\\nception in natural science, mechanism, or the fine arts, such\\nas only comes from physically strong persons. Dr. Johnson\\nwas an exceedingly strong man. Robert Burns, when a\\nplough-boy, could handle any two boys of his age. Shake-\\nspeare carried the brick and mortar with which to build the\\ntabernacle in which he afterwards performed his plays before\\nQueen Elizabeth. The shady halls of colleges damped and\\ndwarfed not his great mind. Benjamin Franklin could carry\\na form of type in each hand up two flights of stairs, while\\nit required an ordinary boy to use both hands to carry one\\nof such weight.\\nIn our present time we have had such men as Professor\\nWilson of Edinburgh Christopher North Charles\\nKingsley, Hugh Miller, Lord Palmerston, Lord Brougham,\\nand a host of others, remarkable for muscular strength and\\nactivity, as well as profound learning and authorship.\\nMany of these mounted the ladder of fame from humble\\nlife, entirely through activity of character. Some were\\npoor; and here let us say, that one of the greatest blessings\\nto the young is that of poverty, because the very necessities\\nit involves become an incentive to action, which forms the\\nbasis of future greatness. Elihu Burritt, the greatest living\\nlinguist, laid the foundation of his greatness, in bone and\\nmuscle, while labouring as a blacksmith. At the forge,\\nwhile blowing the bellows with one hand, he held a Greek,\\nHebrew, or Latin Lexicon in the other and in the interval,\\nwhile the iron was heating, he mastered from two to six", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM. 67\\nwords of those difficult languages; and while hammering\\nthe red hot metal with his hammer, he was busily engaged\\nforging out ideas on the anvil of his mind. This was the\\nprice he paid for greatness and his example is but the key\\nto that law which is universal.\\nWhile men frequently work just about enough for good\\nhealth, women often overwork themselves, especially those\\nwho are mothers, and have the care of a house and family.\\nLegitimate rest is as necessary for health and strength as\\nexercise. The pernicious custom of turning night into da}\\nby woman working long after dark, causes her to feel as if\\nJael were driving the nail which killed Sisera into her\\ntemples, or a tightness as though Luke s iron crown encom-\\npassed her brow. Many cases of constipation and headache\\ncan be traced to w T ant of sleep from this cause. Then let\\nmothers rest more, and make their idle sons and daughters\\nwork.\\nTo give my readers an idea of the advantages of poverty,\\nand how men who have risen, started in the world s great\\nrace, I quote the following concerning the origin of noted\\nmen Columbus was the son of a weaver, and a weaver\\nhimself. Claude Lorraine was bred a pastry cook. Cervan-\\ntes was a common soldier. Homer was the son of a small\\nfarmer. Moliere was the son of a tapestry maker. Demos-\\nthenes was the son of a cutler. Terence was a slave.\\nOliver Cromwell was the son of a London brewer. Franklin\\nwas a journeyman printer, and son of a tallow chandler and\\nsoap boiler. Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Worcester, was the son\\nof a linen draper. Daniel Defoe was a hostler, and the son of\\na butcher. Whitfield was the son of an innkeeper at\\nGloucester. Sir Cloudely Shovel, Rear- Admiral of England,\\nwas an apprentice to a shoemaker, and afterwards a cabin\\nboy. Bishop Prideaux worked in the kitchen at Exeter\\nCollege, Oxford. Cardinal Wolsey was the son of a poor\\nbutcher. Ferguson was a shepherd. Dean Tucker was the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "68 THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\nson of a small farmer in Cardiganshire, and performed his\\njourney to Oxford on foot. Edmund Hailey was the son\\nof a soap-boiler at Shore-ditch. Joseph Hall, Bishop of\\nNorwich, was the son of a farmer. Yirgil was the son of a\\nporter. Horace was the son of a shopkeeper. Shakespeare\\nwas the son of a wool-stapler. Milton was the son of a money-\\nscrivener. Robert Burns was a ploughman in Ayrshire.\\nConfucius was a carpenter. Mahommed, called the prophet,\\nwas a driver of asses. Mohamet Ali was a barber. Madam\\nBernadotte was a washerwoman of Paris. Napoleon, a\\ndescendent of an obscure family of Corsica, was a Major\\nwhen he married Josephine, the daughter of a tobacconist\\nCreole of Martinique. General Escartero was a vestry-clerk.\\nBolivar was a druggist. Vasco de Gama was a sailor. John\\nJacob Astor once sold apples on the streets of New York\\nCatherine, Empress of Russia, was a camp grisette. Cincin-\\nnatus was ploughing his vineyard when the Dictatorship of\\nRome was offered to him.\\nI also make another selection, to show how many of the\\nwealthy men in the city of New York began the great battle\\nof life in poverty.\\nThere are sixty -seven who pay an income-tax of $100,000\\nand over. The man who leads the list, A. T. Stewart,\\neverybody knows, is an Irish emigrant, who commenced life\\nwith a capital of less than twenty- five cents. Jay Gould\\ndrove a herd of cattle from Delhi, Delaware County, when\\na lad, for fifty cents a day, in order to get money enough to\\nreach the Hudson River. David Groesbeck, over thirty years\\nago, used to mend old shoes for his brother, who was a\\nrespectable shoemaker in Albany. Henry Keep, boasts\\nthat he graduated from the poor-house of Jagerson County.\\nJ^mes Gordon Bennett and Robert Bonner, both poor boys,\\nfull of talent and industry. Rufus Hatch, when a youngster.\\nhad an ambition to hold the reins of a pedlar s waggon.\\nE. D. Morgan commenced life with a quarter measure of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM. 69\\nmolasses. Henry Clews was an errand boy in one of the\\nbanking houses down town. The Brothers Seligman started\\nout in life with a pedlar s pack, David Dows retailed pork\\nby the half-pound, and molasses by the gill; and H. T.\\nHemboM was first cabin boy on the sloop Mary Jane.\\nthat navigated the Delaware. Such men as these were the\\narchitects of their own fortunes, and active muscles and\\nbrains did the work of their elevation.\\nWe all perceive the growing aversion which exists in the\\nminds of Americans to manual labour, and this is the reason\\nwhy an essay of unusual length upon its advantages and\\nimportance can hardly be amiss, while considering the Mus-\\ncular build or form. Scarcely a month passes in which\\nseveral young men have not applied to me for a situation to\\ntravel. When asked what they wish to do, they answer,\\nThey would like a situation where there was not much to\\ndo, and without hard labour, yet good wages, and all expenses\\npaid, together with a good chance to see the world. Oh!\\nhorrible, lamentable fact! How many such silly idlers the\\nworld possesses, and I am sorry for them. I pity them, be-\\ncause their lack of training has doomed them, with all their\\ngolden dreams, to disappointment. My answer to them is, I\\nhave no such situation, not even for myself. Such young\\nmen will refuse positions as farm labourers at high wages, or\\nthe opportunity to learn some useful trade. All over the land\\ncomplaints go up against high prices, which this growing\\nhatred of work causes, while on the street corners of every\\ncity may be found specimens of humanity telling such tales\\nas these\\nTHE LOAFER S SONG.\\nNow I lay me down to sleep,\\nMusquitoes at your distance keep\\nAnd if I snore before I wake,\\nlis owing to the buckwheat cake.\\n11 Let me dream of other days,\\nOn whisky punch, oh, let me gaze!", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "70 THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\nOn sherry cobblers sucked through strawy\\nBefore they make Maine liquor laws.\\nSing me the songs I used to hear,\\nWhen every store sold lager beer,\\nAnd every loafer told his joke,\\nIn clouds of poor tobacco smoke.\\nWake me up when daylight s o er,\\nI can t go out with clothes so poor\\nFor every fellow whom we meet\\nThinks I look too mean to treat.\\nSo I lay me down to sleep,\\nI wish my thoughts away would keep\\nOh could he sleep till he were dead,\\nRest would come to the loafer s head.\\nA certain amount of bodily labour is a prime necessity as\\na promoter of good health and solid happiness and until\\nyoung men, and young women also, cast aside the fallacious\\nno f ion that labour is degrading, we shall find poverty and\\npuling sickness stalking into every house in the land. Dis-\\ncontent, and divorces in ninety-nine cases out of every\\nhundred derive their origin from the idleness of one or both\\nparties. Bear in mind, that honourable labour promotes\\nwomanhood and manhood, health, wealth, and that great\\nboon for which thousands are vainly seeking happiness.\\nWhen we look over the United States of America, and see\\nthe Northern States. blooming like a garden; their stately\\nedifices, private and public; their free schools, thriving\\nmachine shops, and manufactories; and then contrast the\\nview with the woody, uncultivated south, with its ox-teams\\nand log-houses, its scarcity of schools, and other means of\\nenlightenment, we are forced to the conclusion that the\\npeople of the North have toiled and laboured, and time has\\nrepaid their well-directed efforts. Whereas the South has\\ncompelled its disinterested negroes to do its work, while the\\nwhite race has grown up inactive and useless, leading aim-\\nless lives; and an unthrifty country is nature s reward", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM. 71\\nThere is a law of compensation in nature, and by this law\\nlabour, if well directed, is alwaj^s richly repaid. Thank\\nfortune that, since the war. the Southern people have\\nbecome more industrious, and consequently prosperous.\\nThe poorer classes of England and America have been\\ncultivated physically by the labour to which poverty com-\\npelled them. There was a time when France and England\\nhad no postal system, as at present, and fast couriers were\\nemployed to carry letters from city to city. That class of\\nservants or foot-runners were well cultivated, and conse-\\nquently vigorous and healthy. In France this service was\\nperformed by the inhabitants of the Basque provinces, who\\nwere very swift of foot. The English runners were very\\nsupple and robust, and took pains to keep themselves strong\\nand active by dieting and other means. As a method of\\nphysical development, the Carthaginians engaged in swim-\\nming. About three hundred and ninety years after the\\nfounding of tne great Koruan Empire, and even at the time\\nwhen the tyrant Caracalla ruled Rome, the practice of rope-\\ndancing was one of the popular games, and it developed the\\nMuscular system in a remarkable degree. In the days of\\nSocrates, leaping was a common amusement. Alexander had\\nmany expert runners whose muscles were finely developed;\\nand Glaucus excelled in many kinds of gymnastic feats.\\nNot only did the ancients practise fighting, running,\\nwrestling, c., for health and strength, but they most assidu-\\nously cared for their bodies, by currying, washing, and\\nrubbing, c. Their gymnasiums were amply provided with\\nbathing appliances; and Lucian informs us that the com-\\nbatants in the arena freely cleaned each other after each\\ncombat, if not quite disabled.\\nThus we learn what care was taken in ages past to increase\\nand preserve muscular strength, and the millions of dollars\\nand years of labour were not bestowed in vain. We know,\\nby the remains they have left belaud them, that the Romans", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "7V THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\nexcelled in works of art and grand design, and that theii\\nbodies were models of physical and mental beauty. In\\nimitation of this ancient curriculum, the colleges of Harvard\\nand Yale are beginning to see the importance of physical\\ntraining as a part of education, and are erecting gymnasiums\\nwithin the walls hitherto sacred to mental labour.\\nWhen this change begins to be felt, we shall see our\\ncollege graduates taking rank equally with the sons of\\nmechanics and labourers in scientific and literary pursuits.\\nAmong statesmen and men of letters, we rarely find the\\nsons filling high stations, or making their mark as men of\\nsuperior worth, for the very reason that the possession of\\nwealth enables them to fritter away their time in idleness;\\nwhile the mechanic often tries to make a tradesman of his\\nchild, whose talents fit him for philosophy, science, or art.\\nThe physical cultivation of the mechanic is transmitted to\\nhis children, and this natural birthright gives them greater\\nforce of character in both body and mind.\\nOne great cause of physical decline in children is the\\nuse of tobacco and stimulating beverages, such as whisky,\\nbrandy, rum, gin, wine, tea, and coffee. Living in impure\\nair, tight lacing, concentrated and mixed diet, spices and\\npickles, hot saleratus bread, and late hours, are all dele-\\nterious to health and strength. There are secret sins\\namong the young which are more prostrating to the\\nMuscular and Nervous systems than any of the above\\nmentioned. Then, to be strong in muscle, and of iron.\\nheart, that we may insure health and success to ourselves\\nand to our offspring who shall represent us in life s great\\ndrama, let us be temperate in all things, and above all,\\nbe virtuous.\\nCount life by virtues these will last,\\nWhen life s lone-footed race is o er;\\nAnd these, when earthly joys are past*\\nShall cheer us on a brighter shore.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM. 73\\nThe Muscular form, being compressed, rigid, and corn-\\nDa ct, gives such individuals a quick firm step, and generally\\nrapid motions. They usually lack the gentle and tender\\nemotions which we find in the Brain or Thoracic form.\\nThey have vigour and intensity in everything; this class\\nis impressive, and capable of lasting attachment. They\\nare noble in ambition, and fearless in enterprise, when,\\npossessed of a cultivated intellect. They resemble the\\nmuscular animals: the lion, grizzly bear, tiger, panther,\\nlynx, gorilla, c, all of which are full of physical courage.\\nSuch men dare to do for themselves, and usually are quite\\nconsiderate. They are proud. Being irritable and high\\ntempered, men of this form are vehement, intense, emo-\\ntional, and strong. Their irritability and emotions affect\\nthe liver, which is largely under the influence of the mind,\\nand this causes them to become bilious, or to have derange-\\nments of the portal and hepatic systems. They have a\\nvery changeable and contradictory temper. In religion\\nthey are apt to be remarkably inquisitive, penetrating in\\nscientific investigations, and prying and expert in domestic\\naffairs. Good in all serious affairs, except in prayer;\\nsumptuous in living, and imperious as superiors.\\nThus we have given in detail some of the characteristics\\nwhich attend this build. The type of these men, like the\\nanimals they resemble, is broad rather than tall, round,\\nwide head, broad short ear, small eyes, nose wide in its\\nlower part where it joins the face, short broad foot, and\\na remarkable closing of the mouth when in the act of\\neating, as if more in earnest in that affair, and at that\\ntime, than in any foregone act of life. They should guard\\nwell against liquor, for where their animal passions are\\naroused by its stimulating effects, they are apt to become\\nturbulent, and at times have been known to murder, as\\nthey are naturally destructive. A good moral education,\\nand strict temperance, will enable them to rightly direct", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "74 THE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM.\\ntheir surplus force, and save them as ornaments to the\\nworld, and from an unnatural and disgraceful death. As\\naction is the great cultivator and cause of physical strength\\nso in turn it acts again on the animal and man, and\\ndemands almost constant exercise. Hence, if such persons\\nare not engaged in some laudable employment, their very\\nnature spurs them on to do something, either right or\\nwrong. They put an enemy within their mouths to\\nsteal away their brains, and allow the system to become\\nunbalanced by the use of alcoholic liquors, or mental\\nderangement ensues, to which this form of individual is\\nquite liable.\\nThis unguided physical force is like a powerful steamer\\nwithout a pilot, rushing onward, mayhap, to swift destruc-\\ntion. But action is their nature, and act they will, for\\nweal or woe hence the great importance of teaching those\\nstrong boys the true aim of life\u00e2\u0080\u0094 self-government and\\nstrict sobriety.\\nAnna E. Dickinson, an American authoress, orator, and actress,\\nwhose vigor of intellect, force, and independence of character are photo*\\ngraphed on every feature.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "THE OSSEOUS OR BONY FORM.\\nGeologists, in speaking of the mountain ranges of North\\nAmerica, refer to the Rocky Mountains as the backbone of\\nthe continent, and the lesser ranges as the ribs and sup-\\nports, branch off from this central system; and we find\\nthey bear a striking similar! ty to the human body, in the\\napparent support they give to other portions of the earth s\\nsurface. As the rocks represent the stable and reliable\\nportion of the globe, so the Bony structure of man and\\nother animals, gives firmness and tangibiRty of character,\\nwhich cannot otherwise be obtained.\\nThere are two great causes which go to produce and\\ndevelop large bones in man and animals.\\nThe first comes from nature, in the shape of soil, or\\nfood, and water. For instance, the States of Kentucky,\\nVirginia, and Tennessee, are famous for tall men, fine\\nhorses, and large mules, among other things that might\\nbe named. The foundations of those States are laid in\\nthe lime rock, which everywhere prevails under the\\nsurface, and the water supply to man and animals is\\nlargely impregnated with lime, the material of which\\nbones are made.\\nIts secondary influence is found in the fact that the\\ncereals are largely built up from this source. The wheat,\\ncorn, straw, and hay of those States contain a larger per", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "76\\nTHE OSSEOJS OR BONY FORM.\\nrentage of bone-producing food than is found in many\\nother States.\\nThe second cause is exercise, which grows naturally out\\nof a healthy and rapid bone development. The inhabitants\\nof Tennessee and Virginia, who ride much on horseback,\\nare usually large, lank, and\\npowerfully-framed men. That\\nspecies of exercise does not call\\nfor the use of the muscles so\\nmuch as other labour, and yet\\nis sufficient to make the bones\\ngrow. Prominent men in our\\nown and other countries, are\\nstriking examples of the inti-\\nmate relation between exercise\\nand large Bony structure.\\nWashington, six feet three in\\nheight, rode a great deal on\\nhorseback.\\nLincoln, whose early life was\\none of much exercise, towered\\nbody and mind above his fellows.\\nLafayette, the great Philanthro-\\npist and Franco-Am erica n de-\\nfender of liberty, was one of the\\ntallest officers in our revolution-\\nary army. The exercise of his\\nschool days at Chavagnac, his\\nbirth-place, developed the boy\\ninto the tall and bony man,\\n.vhose honesty became a pro-\\nverb. Cyrus the Elder,\\nCaesar, Brutus, Mahomet, Crom-\\nwell, and a host of others might be named who were all\\ntall and bony men, and the ones, of all others, on whom\\nthe nations relied for support.\\nThe Osseous Form Large.\\nLowrie Coulter. Copied from\\nThe Characters of Glasgow.\\nPublished by Mr. John Tweed,\\n11 St. Enoch Square, Glasgow.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "THE OSSEOUS OR BONY FORM.\\n77\\nStrength of bone structure is allied to honesty and\\nreliability of mind. As Owen, one of the greatest Anato-\\nmists of the present century, has observed, The only\\ndifference between a wise man and a fool is a few grains\\nof phosphorus more or less in the brain.\\nSo with regard to firmness and honesty of character, a\\nfew pounds more or less of bone makes all the difference\\nbetween an honest man and a villain. Shakespeare was\\nright when he made Julius Caesar, while he plotted for\\nsupreme power in Rome, exclaim\\nLet me have men about me that are fat,\\nSleek -headed men, and such as sleep o night\\nYon Cassius has a lean and hungry look\\nHe thinks too much; such men are dangerous!\\nHe knew ihat he could bribe and purchase the silence of\\nthe plump jolly fellows, but the angular long\\nmen were too honest to be bought.\\nGeneral Sherman is six and a-half feet\\nhigh, and no more upright and honest man\\never faced bullets on American soil.\\nEwing, who raised Sherman, said he was\\nthe most reliable boy to do an errand he\\never knew, and by far too honest for the\\npolitical field.\\nWhen you see a man moving like a tall\\npine among oaks, rest assured that in con-\\nnection with his fine bony structure will\\nbe found probity of character. Care, how- The Osseous\\never, must be had in arriving at conclusions Form very Small.\\non this subject, as height alone is not the 77 J\\nJ Nutt. Commo-\\nsole criterion. dore Nutt.\\nSome men are not so tall, who have larger bones, in pro-\\nportion to other portions of their bodjr.\\nThe general appearance of the bones of the face, the\\nsquareness of the shoulders, c, are signs which indicate", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "78 THE OSSEOUS OR BONY FORM.\\nthe prevailing bone build. Prominent wrists, knuckles,\\nnose, cheeks, and forehead stand out plainly, as if to say;\\nhere I am, you can depend upon me in case of emergency.\\nYou will observe that in all the portraits of Lincoln,\\nthe bones jutt out all over his face; and his honesty (not-\\nwithstanding his vil lifters) has marked the pages of history,\\nas it did his features, with indestructible glory.\\nA-idrew Jackson was another President who knew no\\nbribery or guile; and the rough bony face of the man\\nwould be the best monument to his memory, as integrity\\nand virtue last longer than marble, and are more truly\\nornaments of human character.\\nWellington was made of more bone than any other\\nmaterial and as his fame reverberates from valley to hill-\\ntop, again and for ever, no dismantling has left one gem\\nless in the great crown of honour which ever encircles\\nhis name.\\nThe highest type of animals, and those most useful as\\nservants to man, are the horse and ox. They have large\\nbones, the presence of which is manifest in the arch of\\nthe eye, at the hips, in the legs, shoulders, and other\\nobservable places.\\nOn the other hand, the most worthless and deceptive\\nanimals, such as the skunk, fox, porcupine, American\\npanther, and animals of the cat tribe, are small-boned and\\nfull-muscled, and of little or no service to man, and quite\\ndishonest and untrustworthy.\\nThe camel again is an animal of large bones, and see how\\nmuch service be affords in carrying human beings across\\nthe pathless deserts of Asia and Africa. The camel takes\\nhis exercise in sunshine, while the skunk, fox, coon, cat,\\nand other small-boned animals prowl about at night, retiring\\nto the darkest shades at break of day, while the panther\\nburies himself in the underwood or gloom of the forest.\\nLarge bones are as much an evidence of trustworthiness", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "THE OSSEOUS OR BONY FORM. 79\\nin men as in animals and the influence of sunlight and\\nexercise tends towards developing the Bony structure, while\\nthe reverse action deteriorates it.\\nThe bankers of London, at the present moment, are\\npuzzled to devise some plan by which their clerks may be\\nkept honest. We say, the only way is to procure from the\\ncountry districts boys who, by the exercise necessary to\\nfarm life, have finely-developed bone forms, for with this\\nclass of organization will be found stable honesty of charac-\\nter. Perhaps some finely-dressed city fop may wink, and\\nwince, and say, a country lad could not do the business, he\\nwould be so green. We reply, that George Peabody was\\na country boy, who had an excellent physical constitution,\\nthe foundation of which was laid in country life. Nearly\\nall the London and New York bankers were raised in the\\ncountry, and do not seem to be so green as the city fops,\\nwho never mount the ladder of fame, or wander abroad\\nexcept after gaslight.\\nAs a general rule, persons unused to reading character\\nscientifically, measure the characters of persons by them-\\nselves. A mean man is well assured that others are as\\nmean as himself. A miser supposes the love of money the\\nruling motive of action in bargain or trade. The thief says,\\nI would like to see the fellow that wouldn t steal if he\\ncould; and in this way ignorance measures another s\\ncorn in its own bushel. Small-boned men, whose souls\\nare of the same diminutive build, can divine no motive\\nbut selfishness in the most generous actions, or in the\\nlives of the world s greatest philanthropists.\\nLarge men, whose bones bear a full proportion to the\\nother parts of their bodies, will be found to be decided, firm,\\npersevering, honest, honourable, hopeful, slow, and sure;\\nenduring, constant in affection, poor politicians, progressive\\nin science, good providers in a family, peace-loving, yet full\\nof moral courage", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "80 THE OSSEOUS OR BONY FORM.\\nVariations among members of the same family may fre-\\nquently be observed. The father may have very large\\nbones, and the mother very small ones, and the children\\nmight inherit the individual qualities of either parent\\nexclusively, or a commingling of both. Bone culture is an\\ninheritance not confined to one generation, but permeates\\nthrough a long series of ancestors, and, like liberty, or any\\nother of the great blessings of humanity, its price is eternal\\nvigilance.\\nWhile marriages are contracted without due regard to\\nfitness of organization, the children born under such circum-\\nstances will not only vary, but are likely to deteriorate\\nconsequently every child should have especial education\\nand training to preserve and bring out the best type of\\nman.\\nThe poorer the structure, the greater care is required to\\ndevelop better conditions. It is the poor farm that needs\\nthe husbandman s nursing hand. What a stupid mistake\\nthose parents make, when they train up their delicate, puny\\nchildren to be tailors, shoemakers, c, thus dooming them\\nto a life of disease and early death.\\nThey should have been sent out into the sunlight and\\npure air, to gambol and play the livelong day, or to swing\\nthe axe, to climb trees, or take any exercise that would in\\nsome measure remedy their poor fortunes.\\nIt is time we should learn the fact, that labour out of\\ndoors in fresh air is physical salvation, to be followed, not\\npreceded, by mental safety and beauty.\\nWe refer our readers, who desire to learn more fully the\\neffects of Bone culture, to the chapter on Rectitude in\\nthis work, or the succeeding book. When the Bony form\\nbecomes allied to Brain form, we have men of great genius.\\nCicero, Locke, Tasso, Petrarch, Shakespeare, King Alfred,\\nTyndall, Wickliffe, Liebig, Morse, and thousands of others\\nwere specimens of this combination of bodily and mental", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "THE OSSEOUS OR BONY FORM. 81\\nstrength. This form gives decided features and well-\\nmarked physiognomies, which indicate energy of character\\nand honesty of purpose.\\nBone-brain men are slow of motion, strong of mind and\\nbody, possessed of untiring energy and powerful passions,\\nwhich make them disregard the grovelling law of common\\nlife, by which the bulk of mankind are governed. They\\ndevise gigantic schemes of adventure, and great and perilous\\nundertakings in the pursuit of science, power, or renown\\nlinked to their purposes by the bony bands of a strong\\nmanhood, they pursue profoundly and accurately, without\\nextravagance, the great business of their lives. This com-\\nbination produces the grave and thoughtful, prudent and\\ndoubtful, orderly and mathematical, mechanical and inven-\\ntive genius men who are usually dignified and safe in\\nevery enterprise. They are firm in step, cautious in their\\nvocations, and penetrating in science.\\nThe following verse pictures men of the Brain-bone make;\\nBig was he made, and tall, his port was fierce,\\nErect his countenance manly majesty-\\nSat in his front, and darted from his eyes,\\nCommanding all he viewed. CEdipus.\\nOr, as Shakespeare has remarked of large men\\nWhy, man, he doth bestride the narrow world\\nLike a Colossus and we petty men\\nWalk under his huge legs, and peep about,\\nTo find ourselves dishonourable graves.\\nMost of the Bone-brain form can labour and think with\\napparently little exhaustion, and to be great requires that\\ncapability in an unusual degree.\\nTis hardship, toil,\\nlis sleepless nights, and never resting days,\\nTis pain, tis danger, tis affronted Death,\\nTis equal fate for all, and changing torture,\\nThat rear the mind to glory, that inspire\\nThe noblest virtues and the gentlest manners.\\nThompson,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "82 THE OSSEOUS OR BONY FORM.\\nWith these facts before us, how important becomes the\\nphysical development in this direction, what nobler work\\nfor parents and educators than building up a good solid\\nbasis upon which to rear the future fabric of civilization?\\nMen of strong arms, broad shoulders, and prominent fore-\\nheads are to be the coming pioneers in all great deeds.\\nYet remember, that while every male child born in the\\nUnited States is eligible, by law, to the highest office in the\\ngift of the people, but few ever become qualified to fill the\\nposition of President. So with our children, the possibili-\\nties of their training are infinite, but the actual facts of it\\nwill depend upon the earliest attention being given to\\nexercise that shall increase the growth of Bone and Brain.\\nChakles Skinner, a congenital idiot, being neither epileptic, rickety,\\nnor hydrocephalic, yet he has the boldest, widest, and highest forehead\\nthe author ever saw on a human being, his head immediately above the\\neyebrows and the tops of the ears has the enormous horizontal circum-\\nference of 26\u00c2\u00a3 inches. This idiot possesses more than Goldsmith s gar-\\nnish of brains, if we judge by the size of his head, as do the phrenologists.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM.\\nAmong all the forms of the human system, the Brain and\\nNerve form is the most important. To the rest it sustains\\nthe relation of master, for to it all others are subservient.\\nOr if we compare the human system to a family, the brain\\nmay be said to be the\\nhusband, the digestive\\norgans the wife, the\\nbones the oldest and\\nsturdiest son, the muscles\\nthe youngest and most\\nmischievous son, and the\\nheart and lungs the only\\ndaughter. The Brain and\\nNerve form being thus at\\nthe head, requires and\\nought to have more-\\nattention paid to it than\\nis given to the other\\nforms, as the health and\\nworking power of the\\nhead of a family the bread-winner should be looked to\\nthough not exclusively, yet, with a preponderance of care\\nand where this is done, it will be found that the upper part\\nof the forehead predominates in width over the facial organ-\\nThe Brain Form Large. John Price, a\\nlearned critic of England.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "84\\nTHE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM.\\nism or cheeks. Of this the likeness which we give of\\nPresident Spraker, who was for a number of years President\\nof Wittenberg College at Springfield, Ohio, is an excellent\\nillustration. For years he was\\na great student, lectured, taught,\\nand preached, and thus strength-\\nened and developed his mind by\\nhard toil until it became, as the\\nreader may notice, proportion-\\nably larger than any other part\\nof his organism. Persons in\\nwhom this form predominates\\nDr. Spraker. ma y always be set down as\\nthinkers, with inclination to hard work; so that, generally\\nspeaking, it is impossible for them to become tleshy. The\\ntruth of this proposition may be verified any day in any of\\nour high class educational institutions. The round cheeked,\\nfull-faced boy,\\nwho has hitherto\\nlived for the deve-\\nlopment of his\\nabdominal form,\\nenters one of our\\ncolleges with a\\ndetermination to\\nwork hard; and\\nhe is not long\\nthere until he\\nbegins to exhaust\\nmore than his\\naverage vitals are\\nThe Brain Form Small. \u00e2\u0080\u0094George III. able fully to\\nrecuperate; so that he very soon becomes, gradually and\\nperceptibly, thin of face and spare in framework, convexities\\nand concavities make their appearance in his face; and just", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM.\\n85\\nas old ocean is deepest where its waves and bi Jows are most\\n.stupendous, so these Physiognomical signs constitute unmis-\\ntakable evidence of a clear thinker. Deep lines and strongly\\nmarked protuberances bespeak originality of thought and\\nprofundity of mind; still, on the other hand, as the\\nsmooth and placid lake must of necessity be shallow\\ncompared with the heaving ocean, a smooth un wrinkled\\nface declares a feeble mind, quite unfitted for anything save\\nthe surface of things only.\\nThus human forms\\nchange; the Abdominal, as\\nin the above case, retires, so\\nto speak, allowing the Brain\\nand Nerve form to become\\nregnant; and in whomso-\\never this takes place, there\\nwill be found inclination to\\nstudy, to behold, to write, to\\nteach, to lecture, to superin-\\ntend or plan; in short, there\\nwill be found the thinking\\nmind. A large brain and\\na fleshy body do not seem\\nto be able to draw together;\\nand hence, when the Brain\\nand Nerve form predomi-\\nnates in a man, the flesh seems to pass imperceptibly away,\\nleaving leanness and spareness behind it; at least, it is in\\nharmony with observation, that the man of large, thoughtful,\\nclear mind-power is as to his make-up lank and lean. And\\nso Shakespeare says Yon lean and hungry Cassius, he\\nthinks deeply and reads men well. He cannot sleep well\\no nights; oh! that he had more of that rounder, sleeker,\\nfatter head, and could sleep better o nights.\\nThe Brain and Nerve form is of all the other forms in the\\nThe Brain Form Large. Rev. S.\\nH. Tyng.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "86\\nTHE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM.\\nhuman system the most exhausting and this being the case,\\nwith what solicitude and care it should be watched and\\ntrained: and in order to this, how anxious we ought to be\\nto understand its working, its tendencies; the food best\\nsuited for its healthy and vigorous action; the recreation\\nmost suitable for it after hard work, and all its other\\ndiversified necessities,\\nwhich, to be ignorant of, is\\nalmost certain to shorten\\nlife. Sleep restrains and\\nrefreshes this form, as does\\nalso physical labour, when\\nnot of an over-exhausting\\ncharacter. The other forms\\nof the body are in a sense\\nas important as this; but\\nthis being the age of intel-\\nlectuality, it is thought well\\nin this essay to explain it\\nThomas Oibb, pretty fully in plain and\\nintelligible terms, so that,\\nhaving a knowledge of its nature, requirements, and the\\ninfluence it exerts over the whole system, our readers\\nmay be in a position, humanly speaking, to ward oft\\ndisease which, where ignorance prevails, is ever found\\nplanting its heavy foot upon the mechanism of the brain.\\nThe brain, being the seat of sensation, is related to all\\nparts of the body by a beautifully designed system of\\nnerves, so that, whatever organ may be damaged, the brain\\nsuffers with it. The brain may be said to be the guiding\\nform but this is true only in a relative sense, for without\\nthe soul or the Divinity that stirs within us, the brain\\nwould be blind, or at least would be incapable of rational\\naction. The body, according to the Scriptures, is the temple\\nof the living God, and ought to be the repository of the\\nThe Brain Form Small.\\nChampion of England in 1811.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM. 87\\nhighest and most noble thoughts. How important, then,\\nto sustain it in good order; to ward off disturbing elements\\nfrom its various functions, so that it may pursue its in-\\ntended course without let or hindrance! And how can\\nthis be done, save by means of that food which nature\\nhas provided for it, and that work for which it is so\\nevidently adapted? We have said that the Brain form\\nrequires the greatest care; and, considering its relation to\\nall the other forms, how important its healthy and pro-\\nper training. Everybody knows how detrimental it is to\\nhave frequent sudden rushes of blood to the brain, but\\nhow few there are, comparatively speaking, who have\\nlearned to avoid such an evil by avoiding the cause or\\ncauses. Hence the frequency of what is sometimes\\ncalled nervous exhaustion, which would be more properly\\ntermed paralysis of the brain tissues. Whatever tends to\\nderange the nervous system, deranges the brain, and much\\nof the domestic unhappiness of which we hear is attri-\\nbutable to no other cause save this, that the habits of\\nsociety are against a healthy nervous system, and con-\\nsequently against a healthy Brain form. Husband and wife\\ntake into their systems enormous quantities of strong tea,\\nspirituous liquors, c, all which irritate the brain, and what\\nensues? Constant dissatisfaction, fault-finding, disrespect-\\nful retorts, squabbling over the merest trifles, so that the\\ndomestic hearth, which should ever be the home of peace,\\nbecomes turbulent with unhappiness. An English gentle-\\nman once went to his minister, and told him that his house,\\nfrom being one of the happiest homes in the world, had\\ncome to be a little hell. His wife and he, he said, could not\\nsit five minutes together without indulging in the most\\nirritating language, and as this was known to the children,\\nindeed observed daily by them, he felt things to be almost\\nintolerable, and wished the minister s counsel. You are a\\nheavy smoker, I think, said the minister. I am, replied", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "88 THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM.\\nthe gentleman. And your wife, if I mistake not, indulges\\nlargely in tobacco, though that is not generally known?\\nShe does, answered the gentleman. You are both in\\nthe habit also of indulging in spirituous liquors, especially\\nat night? We are, confessed the gentleman. And you\\ndrink very strong tea? Yes, replied the gentleman.\\nThen, said the minister, I am not astonished at your\\ndomestic unhappiness. Indeed, it is a mystery to me,\\nknowing what I have known all along of your habits,\\nthat you are not both in a lunatic asylum. Go home\\nand give your wife money, and send her to one hydro-\\npathic establishment, and go you to another, remain there\\nthree months, and during that time give up the noxious\\nthings I have mentioned, and at the end of that time come\\nback and tell me how you feel. The minister s advice was\\ntaken the old habits were given up, and at the end of\\nthree months a new life dawned upon that house, peace and\\nhappiness reigned supreme; and why? Because, by care-\\nfully avoiding food and drinks having a tendency to\\nderange the nervous system, the Brain form was kept in a\\nhealthy condition, and thus all tendency to irritability was\\nsubdued.\\nWhen we say that the brain is the seat of sensation, we\\nare but repeating what physiologists of all classes know to\\nbe a fact. Once let the nerves proceeding from the brain\\nbe destroyed, and the mind ceases to act; the person sinks\\ninto a more or less insensible condition, and sometimes\\nbecomes unconscious altogether, either of pain or pleasure.\\nSir Astley Cooper, a celebrated British surgeon, gives an\\ninstance of this, which excited much attention at the time\\nat which it happened. A man (see Preshaw s Elements of\\nHuman Anatomy and Physiology) who, during the days\\nof Lord Nelson, had been pressed on board an English ship,\\nreceived, when sailing in the Mediterranean, a fall from the\\nyard-arm, and when picked up was found to be insensible.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM. 89\\nThe vessel soon after making Gibraltar, he was placed in an\\nhospital there, where he remained for some months, still\\ninsensible; and some time after he was brought from\\nGibraltar, on board an English frigate, to a depot for sailors\\nat Deptford. While he was at Deptford, the surgeon under\\nwhose care he was placed being visited by Mr. Davy, then\\nan apprentice in a London Hospital, said to him, I have a\\ncase which I think you would like to see. It is a man who\\nhas been insensible for many months; he lies on his back\\nwith very few signs of life; he breathes, indeed, has a pulse,\\nand some motion in his fingers, but in all other respects, he is\\napparently deprived of all powers of mind, volition, or sensa-\\ntion. Mr. Davy went to see the patient, and on examining\\nhim, found that there was a slight depression on one part of\\nthe head. Being informed of the accident which had\\noccasioned this depression, he recommended the man to be\\nsent to St. Thomas s Hospital in London. When admitted\\ninto that Hospital to undergo an operation, it was thirteen\\nmonths and a few days after the accident. The depressed\\nportion of the bone was elevated from the skull. While he\\nwas lying on the table, the motion of his fingers went on\\nduring the operation, but no sooner was the portion of the\\nbone raised than it ceased. The operation was performed\\nat one o clock in the afternoon, and at four, when Sir\\nAstley was walking through the wards, he went up to the\\nman s bed-side, and was surprised to see him sitting up in\\nhis bed. He had raised himself on his pillow; and when\\nSir Astley asked him if he felt any pain, he immediately\\nput his hand to his head, which showed that volition\\nand sensation were returning. In four days the man was\\nable to get out of bed, and began to converse; and in a few\\ndays more he was able to tell where he came from. He\\nrecollected the circumstance of being pressed and carried to\\nthe vessel; but from the moment of the accident, up to the\\ntime when the operation was performed, his mind remained", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "90 THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM.\\nin a state of perfect oblivion. For thirteen months he had\\nbeen dead so far as his mental powers were concerned, but\\nby removing a small portion of bone from his brain, he was\\nat once restored to all the functions of his mind, and almost\\nall the powers of his body a most remarkable proof of\\nthe statement we have just made, that the brain is the seat\\nof sensation, without which neither pain nor pleasure could\\nbe felt; and an illustration of the care with which the Brain\\nand Nerve form should be attended to, and everything\\ntending to its derangement excluded from the system. Not\\nonly by such an accident as we have described, and by\\nan over indulgence in stimulants, is the brain deranged.\\nHe who overloads his stomach with the most harmless\\nfood, or most innocent drinks, must of necessity do injury\\nto his nervous system, and through the nervous system\\nso delicately connected with the brain, cannot avoid\\ndoing mischief to that form. Hearty suppers immediately\\nbefore retiring to bed, engender unpleasant dreams, and\\nunpleasant dreams it must be admitted by all, have a\\ntendency to weaken the organization. That, in so many\\ncases, fatal disease, called congestion of the brain, is not\\nunfrequently occasioned by the very things of which we\\nare speaking. After a succession of horrible dreams,\\nbrought on by indulgence in late suppers, the brain\\nbecomes what is commonly called flattened, or softened\\nthe person still sometimes thinkins, but cannot think\\nconsecutively by-and-by the memory ceases to retain: its\\nshelves are suddenly emptied of all its stored-up know-\\nledge, so that the sufferer is unable to conduct intelligent\\nconversation, even of the simplest kind; the faculty of\\ncomparison seems to go into oblivion; then judgment\\nvacates her throne, and the individual dies. We di not\\ndescribe an imaginary case. That doctor s practice cannot\\nbe very extensive who does not know that such cases are\\ncommon, and in an untold number of instancss, the disease", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM. 91\\nhas been brought on, as asserted, by over-loading the\\nstomach prior to sleep. Wise men are not gormandizers.\\nThey eat moderately, drink moderately, sleep well, and\\nthus avoid that nervous irritation so detrimental to the\\nthinking powers. For the most part, the authors of the\\neighteenth century and before that era, both British and\\nContinental, were poor, and probably to their poverty, as\\nmuch as to their genius, we are indebted for those works,\\nwhether of history, science, poetry, music, or descriptions\\nof society which now enrich and adorn our libraries. Those\\nmen were saved from gormandizing for want of means,\\nthey lived on extremely simple fare, because they were\\ncompelled to do so, and who dare say that, if the reverse\\nhad been the case, the works which have made them\\nimmortal would ever have been written. From garret\\nrooms, shabbil} T furnished, sometimes containing only a bed,\\na small table, and a rickety chair, and which seldom saw a\\nricher diet than the plainest bread and butter, and often not\\nvery much of that, came forth those thoughts before which\\nKings and Cabinets have humbly bowed, and which have\\ndone so much to advance the civilization of the world.\\nThese men lived not for the stomach, but for the brain.\\nThey were compelled to keep the body under, and bring it\\ninto subjection, because they had no means of doing other-\\nwise, and to this compulsion the world owes a vast debt of\\ngratitude for her brilliant thinkers and towering genius.\\nBut even men who live sparingly, and never indulge in\\nanything save the simplest food, are apt to bring disease\\nupon the brain. They are hard students, live a secluded\\nlife, are seldom seen in society, think and compose often\\nwhen other people are asleep. Their increasing study goes\\non for years, it may be, without any apparent evil conse-\\nquences. But the time comes when the strings of the brain,\\n60 to speak, like the over-screwed strings of a violin, snap,\\nleaving their possessor a mental vreck. Hugh Miller was", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "92 THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM.\\na great student. His works are voluminous, and he indulged\\nin no superfluous writing. But who can think of his sad\\nend without feeling that it would have been better for him\\nhad he contented himself with the half of the literary labour\\nto which he was devoted. What brought you here said\\na gentleman one day to a brilliant preacher and popular\\nauthor whom he found in a lunatic asylum. That which\\nwill never bring you here, was the sharp reply. And\\nwhat is that asked the gentleman. An over-wrought\\nbrain, replied the lunatic sternly. To keep their thinking\\npowers in a healthy condition, our literateurs require to\\nwork according to a system. Four or five hours per diem,\\nat most is quite sufficient for the most active mind to\\nwork, and these should be in the early part of the day.\\nThen in the afternoon let them do a little gardening, or let\\nthem ply the axe, hold the plough, or play at golf or cricket,\\nor any other harmless game; they will thus encourage\\ndigestion, strengthen both bone and muscle, and, in short,\\ndo their duty to that temple in which the living God deigns\\nto dwell. The man who acts thus returns to his mind\\nwork with a keen zest; thoughts of the noblest kind crowd\\nupon him difficulties vanish his pen moves surely and\\nrapidly over the paper his thinking powers never become\\nsluggish; and after accomplishing more work than those\\nwho, by over-tension of the mind, gradually commit suicide,\\nhe falls asleep in a ripe old age, supported with the idea\\nthat he has left his footprints on the sands of time, and\\nthat his example is worthy of being followed. Compare a\\ncase like this with that of Hugh Miller, who, after years of\\nincessant mind toil, in which it was evident that he was\\ngradually committing suicide, deliberately loaded a pistol,\\nand in a fit of mental derangement, shot himself. Let young\\nmen take warning. Be thankful if nature has blessed you\\nwith a superior Brain form, but see that that form receives\\nfrom you the treatment it requires. It is at once the most", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM. 93\\nimportant and most tender form in your constitution.\\nCertain of your bones may be broken, and still you may\\nlive a useful and happy life. You may, like Dr. Kitto, lose\\nyour hearing and ultimately your speech, and yet do some-\\nthing for which posterity will feel grateful. Nay, you may\\nbe deprived of the organ of vision, like the Puritan John\\nMilton, and notwithstanding this, leave behind you that\\nwhich will make your name immortal but indulge in any-\\nthing, whether too much eating, too much drinking, or an\\nover close application of your mental powers, by which your\\nnervous system is thrown out of order, and your Brain form\\nstultified, and the time may come when, instead of feeling\\nlife a blessing, you will feel it to be a curse, and will go\\ndown to an early grave, if not a direct, at least an indirect\\nsuicide. This is the age of thinking. The world has passed\\nthrough the Abdominal epoch, the Muscular epoch, c, and\\nnow we have reached the mind or intellectual age. Think\\nof the time when scarcely any one could read, save the priests,\\nwho depended for much of their power on the ignorance of\\nthe people, and compare that age with the present, and\\nbehold the contrast. That was the age of chivalry, when\\nmen lived in their lower natures this is the age of thought,\\nin which men fight, not with sword, and spear, and lance,\\nbut for the most part with their intellects. And who can\\ncontemplate the result of our haste toward increase of\\nknowledge, arid thirst for literary fame, without being\\nimpressed with the words of Henry Ward Beecher, when\\nhe says, the literary field is like unto a battle-field, a\\ngrand slaughter-house.\\nNow, if any of our readers are conscious of having gone\\nastray in this matter; if they feel that they have failed to\\ndo justice to their Brain form, and are in consequence\\nsubjects of pain and suffering; let them seek deliverance\\nfrom their condition now. Let them cease to do evil, and\\nlearn to do well. Appliances of all kinds may be tried,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "94 THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM.\\nbut so long as the cause is at work the disease can never be\\nremoved. The sun is capable of drying a piece of wet cloth\\nwhen brought under its influence, but in order to this you\\nmust cease pouring water on it. Let this be done* that is\\nto say, let the cause be removed, and the sun will speedily\\ndry it. And so it is with a deranged brain that is, a brain\\nout of order, whether by over-eating, over-drinking, or over-\\nworking. If you find that the food you use does not agree\\nwith you, give it up, and try something else. If you find\\nthat tobacco or spirituous liquors impair your Brain power,\\nwhy certainly, then, forego them. Or if you find that your\\neating and drinking are simple enough but that you are\\nbringing disease upon your brain by over- working it, then\\nin the name of common sense, do take warning and refrain\\nfrom the use of your mind, and whatever taxes largely your\\nsensations. Unless you are very far gone, nature can restore\\nyou to former health, and all your powers to their wonted\\nactivity, but only upon condition that you avoid those\\nthings which have caused the disorder. Mind power is like\\nMuscular power; it grows in strength and vigour, by means\\nof a reasonable and moderate amount of work. But just as\\na pugilist, however powerful his bones and muscles, will fall\\nexhausted after a prolonged battle, and remain exhausted for\\nmonths to come; so an over- taxed mind, that needs noxious\\nstimulants in order to make it work, becomes at last\\nexhausted, and exhaustion indulged in brings on congestion,\\nand if that is not removed, death is the result. Sluggish\\ndigestion, want of fresh air, sudden excitement, whether of a\\nsad or joyful character, with a thousand other things that\\ncould be mentioned, destroy the nervous system, affect the\\nmind, make people ill-tempered, and anything but pleasant\\ncompanions. Nothing can please a man who lives undei\\nthe power of these things. The day is either too hot or it is\\ntoo cold. The dinner bell is rung too early or too late. In\\nshort, he is not at peace with himself, and consequently", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "THE BRAIN AND NERVE FORM. 95\\ncannot look upon life with a pleasant eye. He wears green\\nglasses, which make everything green outside. To such a\\nman life is a living death. Now, ignorance lies at the\\nbottom of all this ignoring of the laws by which nature\\ngoverns the body in its different forms. How foolish is this\\nignorance And how terrible its results In early life the\\nevil begins. Children go to school, and their powers being\\nover-taxed they grow weakly. The question which parents\\nand teachers ask is not how much may the child learn,\\nand yet preserve that physical equilibrium which nature\\ndesires? but this, how much can the child learn at all\\nhazards? Teachers are not always the wisest of men.\\nIndeed, perhaps, there is no class of men anywhere who\\nneed more drilling in regard to the subject of which we\\nhave been treating than teachers. For a number of years\\nchildren should be taught chiefly through the physical\\nsenses. Their memories should not be worked as they are\\nat present in a certain class of schools. In short, parents\\nand teachers, who between them have the training of the\\nfuture generation, should see to it that the children first of\\nall make body for it is a fact that the strongest, healthiest,\\nmost active, and most successful men are those who, when\\nthey were young, studied little and played much while\\nour weak, irritable, bilious people, are those who had long\\nhours at school when they were young, hard mental tasks,\\nand almost no running about. All work and no play\\nmakes Jack a dull boy, is a proverb the truth of which is\\nverified by experience. But dullness is not the worst evil.\\nThe darker consequences may be witnessed in every lunatic\\nasylum and every grave-yard.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "LOCALIZING FACULTIES.\\nThere is a tendency in nature to destroy. We have illus-\\ntrations of this everywhere, and in all ages. As it has been,\\nso is it now. Crops are blighted, fences are laid low, trees\\nare torn up by the roots, houses are razed to their founda-\\ntions, ships are sunk, and men and animals are suddenly\\ndeprived of life. This apparently suicidal tendency is called\\ndemolitiousness. On the other hand, nature possesses a\\npreservative power. In her bosom lie those treasures of\\ngold, silver, coal, iron, fee, which, when laid hold of by man,\\nminister so much to human comfort and prosperity. This\\npower, common both to man and surrounding nature, we\\ncall concealativeness.\\nTo this nomenclature none can object; but with its\\nmodus operandi of application among a certain class of\\nteachers it is impossible for us to agree. When 3^ou speak\\nof nature as being destructive, concealative, c, you say\\nwhat is undeniable truth; but when you presume to descend\\nto particulars, and attribute to one part of nature demoli-\\ntiousness, to another concealativeness, and to another resist-\\nativeness, we are compelled, by the sheer force of evidence,\\nto dissent. You cannot localize these faculties, yet their\\nsigns are local and general. You cannot speak of them\\ncollectively or individually as being here and not there, as", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "LOCALIZING FACULTIES. 97\\nbeing in the mountain, but not in the ocean, or as being\\nabove you, but not beneath you. The spirit that moves in\\nnature is ubiquitous. Its centre is everywhere and its\\ncircumference nowhere; and as this spirit is the onsia, as\\nthe ancients called it, in which all the faculties of nature\\ninhere, we must, by a process of reasoning, trace the\\ndifferent tendencies to that spirit, as we trace the different\\nmanifestations of power in the human body to the un-\\nseen man within it; and just as we speak of a man doing\\nthis or that, and not of his hand doing it, or his eye doing\\nit, or his feet doing it, so is it absurd to localize the above\\nfaculties in nature and speak of them as being present here,\\nbut absent there. Wherever the spirit of universal nature\\nis, there are the faculties. And as the spirit is everywhere\\nin man s form and in all nature, so must the faculties be.\\nHe is a fool, therefore, who would lay his hand upon one\\nmountain and say, here we have demolitiousness and on\\nanother, and say, here we have concealativeness and on a\\nthird and fourth, and say, here we have truth and love the\\ntruth being, that the whole of the faculties inhere in that\\nexistence which, for popular purposes, has been denominated\\nnature only in some places they are manifested in an observ-\\nable manner, and in others not. Matter we may locate;\\nmind or God we cannot.\\nTo localize faculties is no new thing in the world. The\\ntendency toward it is hoary with age. The literature of\\nancient Greece and Rome is full of it, and the religion of\\nthe Egyptians was founded upon it. Socrates, and Aristotle\\nafter him, with all their philosophical acuteness, were unable\\nto perceive that universal nature was permeated with one\\nindivisible spirit, the cause of all existences, animate and\\ninanimate. They clothed certain material things with attri-\\nbutes considered to be divine, and in these material things\\nthey believed powers or gods to reside, exclusive of all other\\nplaces, and in consequence of this they worshipped them", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "98 LOCALIZING FACULTIES.\\nBut not only in heathendom do we find this tendency\\nEven the Jews, with their oracles, patristic traditions, and\\nliving prophets, were unable to extricate themselves from\\nits seductive influence. Hence they saw the Great Spirit\\nof the Universe only in certain of His works, and not in\\nothers; in those which moved and alarmed, not in those\\nwhich came daily and steadily; in the tempest which\\nblighted the crops, not in the heat and moisture which made\\nthem to spring up, and grow and ripen; in the disease which\\nwasted and ravaged, not in the health which sustained and\\ngladdened the frame for years; in the lightning which\\nsmote, but not in the light which smiled; in the eclipse\\nwith its lurid darkness, but not in the pleasant sunshine\\nwhich daily played upon the earth; in the meteor which\\nburst out so ominously, but not in the stars which looked\\ndown upon them so purely and benignly; in sudden and\\nunexpected prosperity, but not in the common blessings\\nwhich were showered upon them from day to day; in the\\nstorm which sunk the vessel, but not in the favourable\\nbreezes which had borne it along for such a length of time;\\nin the preservation of the individual in a shipwreck, but\\nnot in that assiduous care which to so many had prevented\\nshipwreck altogether. Such was the state of things among\\nthe Jews; and in modern Christendom, what do we find but\\nthe same spirit? Men are unable to worship the unseen.\\nThey must not only have God embodied, they must have\\nHim individualized and separate. He dwells in the Pope, it\\nis said; and when men meet his holiness, they prostrate\\nthemselves before him, intentionally or unintentionally,\\nbelieving that the great moving spirit of the universe is\\nhid within the old man s bones and muscles, to the exclu-\\nsion of surrounding nature. And so, too, among religious\\nreformers. Places are set aside and consecrated, such as\\nchurches, c. and in these places, we are told, God vouch-\\nsafes His presence, as if that Being who shines in the sun,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "LOCALIZING FACULTIES. 9D\\nand glows in the moon, did not live thioughout all space,\\nand could be walled in by brick and mortar! What is this,\\nwe ask, but the localization of the faculties of that un-\\nbounded spirit which is everywhere and indivisible!\\nAgainst this tendency, then, we most earnestly protest.\\nIn God we live, and move, and have our being; and in\\nthat God there is an infinity of faculties or powers, all\\nworking to one glorious end; but these are not separate\\nand limited, and confined to certain defined parts of space,\\nbut are diffused throughout all nature.\\nThe word faculty denotes ability to act or perform,\\nwhether that ability be inborn, or developed and cultivated.\\nWhen Fuller says that the Pope granted him a faculty to\\nset him free from his promise, he means that ability had\\nbeen granted to him to avoid the fulfilment of his promise;\\nand when Quincey says that the vital faculty is that by\\nwhich life is preserved, he simply predicates of living exist-\\nences the ability to preserve life. On this principle, when\\nwe speak of the faculties of nature, we refer to the powers\\nor abilities which nature possesses to accomplish ends by\\nappropriate means, whether these powers or abilities\\noperate or otherwise. To act is one thing, the power,\\nfaculty, or ability which underlies the act is another and\\nvery different thing. Acts performed sustain to the faculty\\nwhich acts, the relation of production to producer; or, in\\nother words, the faculty is the cause, the act accomplished\\nis the effect: and while effects may be limited, and indeed\\nmust be, both by time and space, it is impossible to localize\\nthe primary cause.\\nWhat we contend for is beautifully portrayed in man,\\nfelicitously called a microcosm, a little world in himself.\\nProfessor Frazer, of the Edinburgh University, speaks of\\nman as being a bundle of attributes, which is just a repro-\\nduction of the oft-quoted idea of England s greatest poet\\nand dramatist,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 What a piece of workmanship is man! how", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "100 LOCALIZING FACULTIES.\\nnoble in reason! how infinite in faculties! Innumerable\\nas the sands upon the sea-shore, and full as old ocean are\\nthe powers of this noble and wonderful microcosm man.\\nHere, as well as in the broad expanse above, and in the\\ngreen earth beneath, are evident tokens of design. As ships\\nare built, and so built as to plough the ocean with as little\\ndifficulty as possible, so men have been constructed for a\\npurpose. One man is born a mechanic. He has within\\nhim the faculty of appreciating physical proportions, that\\nhe may be able to form materials square, round, c, as the\\ncase may be; and as that faculty is developed, we see it\\ncontrolling the materials on which it acts. Another man is\\nborn with endurance. He has within him the faculty of\\nbearing up in extreme difficulties and hardships. Waves\\nthat would overwhelm others have no effect on him. His\\nconstitution, like the blacksmith s arm, gathers strength by\\nexercise. So it is with the man of scientific tendencies. He\\nis constructed to be scientific. His faculty of penetration,\\nhis faculty of generalization and abstraction seem to predo-\\nminate. He has been born to chain the winds that they\\nmay do his behests, to direct the lightning for conversa-\\ntional purposes, to traverse the starry-paved firmament,\\nand find out the positions of the planets, and to delve into\\nthe dark recesses of the earth, and tell the history of the\\nworld by means of fossilized substances. Another man has\\nbeen constructed for musical purposes, His varied powers\\ncoalesce, so to speak, and develop into a beautiful harmony.\\nThis man deals with sounds and controls them, and can\\ndetect in an instant the slightest discord, even though the\\nperformers could be numbered by thousands. But who can\\nlay his hand upon a man and say, here, at this particular\\npart of his complex organism, is the mechanical faculty, or\\nhere, at another part, is the faculty of endurance, or at\\nanother, the penetrative or scientific faculty, or at another,\\nthe musical? The man who acts thus merely assumes ojt", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "LOCALIZING FACULTIES. 103\\nimitates. He does not reason, and if he systematizes his\\nnotions into a whole, he systematizes what is and must be\\nfalse, for his notions have no foundation in principle. Why\\ndoes he fasten on a certain part of the human organism and\\nsay, here we have the mechanical faculty or the musical\\nfaculty? He cannot tell, or will answer, that observation\\nhas determined that a fulness at such a point indicates\\ncertain idiosyncracies of character; the observation may be\\ntrue of the sign, but not of the faculty or principle that is\\ngeneral in nature. He can give no reason for it. He\\nmerely assumes and asserts, and takes the sign for the\\nfaculty. And as assertions without reasons are unreason-\\nable, and that which is unreasonable, false, it follows that\\nhis notions, whether detailed or gathered up into a system,\\nare wholly unworthy of belief. The faculties of man, like\\nthe powers inherent in nature, cannot be located. The man\\nwho has the mechanical faculty is a mechanic from the\\ncrown of his head to the soles of his feet. The man who\\nhas the faculty of endurance is an enduring man through\\nand through, not in one bone merely, but in all. He who\\nhas the scientific faculty, is scientific, or constructed for\\nscientific purposes all throughout his organism; and the\\nmusical man is not musical in part, but from the centre\\nto the circumference of his being is permeated with the\\nfaculty of music. There is no location; there is no\\ndividing of the integral parts of a man, one part contain-\\ning one faculty, and another another faculty; whatever\\nfaculties a man has are diffused throughout his whole\\nbody, soul, and spirit, as God is diffused throughout\\nuniversal space. There are signs of faculties, and these\\ngrouped into one whole we denominate Physiognomy;\\nbut the signs must be distinguished from the faculties\\nthemselves. The signs are local, the faculties are not,\\nand it is because these two things have been confounded,\\ninstead of being distinguished, that the localizing theory", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "102\\nLOCALIZING FACULTIES.\\nwhich we have been condemning has found a footing\\namong men.\\nHere it may be remarked, that man has failed as yet\\nto master even the alphabet of his own nature, and the\\ncosmical system with which he is surrounded that,\\nindeed, as Sir Isaac Newton once said, we are just\\nlike children gathering shells upon the sea-shore, while the\\ngreat ocean of truth lies before us unexplored.\\nThe Marquis De Lafayette, a distinguished French statesman,\\npatriot, and philanthropist. His low and greatly receding forehead did\\nnot prevent the manifestation of sound reason, good judgment, and\\nsuperior intellectual ability.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "THE NUMBER OF FACULTIES IN THE\\nHUMAN MIND.\\nIt is implied in the heading of this essay that there is\\nin man a something called Mind, as distinct from that\\nwhich we denominate matter physical substance or body.\\nWhat mind is in its essence, we know not, any more than\\nwe know what matter is in its essence. What is mind?\\nasked an inquirer once of a philosopher. No matter, was\\nthe reply. And what is matter? continued the inquirer.\\nNever mind, was the laconic answer. These we con-\\nsider to be the best answers which could possibly, in our\\npresent condition, be given to the questions. We know the\\nattributes of matter, at least some of them, but that is all\\nwe know; and we know the qualities of mind, at least\\nsome of them, and there our knowledge ceases. When we\\ncome into contact with a substance which has length, and\\nbreadth, and height, and depth, hardness, or softness, or\\ncolour, we immediately conclude that that substance is\\nphysical, that it is matter or body and when, by the\\nexercise of our inner consciousness, we find in ourselves\\nthe qualities of thought, feeling, and volition, we infer from\\nthese qualities that there is some kind of substance or\\nexistence in which they inhere, and that substance we call\\nMind. The qualities of mind cannot be predicated of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "104 THE NUMBER OF FACULTIES IN THE HUMAN MIND.\\nmatter, nor can the attributes of matter be predicated of\\nmind. The two reside together, and in a mysterious\\nmanner influence each other, but they are not to be con-\\nfounded. Materialism, therefore, pure and simple, is, as a\\nsystem, false. There must be something greater than\\nmatter, which produces it, controls it, and gives it endur-\\nance; that something we call Mind.\\nIt has been said, there is nothing great on earth but\\nman, and there is nothing in man great but mind. Sir\\nW. Hamilton was so convinced of the truth of this state-\\nment, that he used it as the motto of those immortal\\nlectures now published, which, as Professor of Logic, he\\ndelivered in the Edinburgh University; and certainly,\\ntaking the term great in its loftiest sense, the great\\nmetaphysician was right; for body without mind as a\\nmoving principle would sink into nothingness.\\nThe question as to the number of faculties possessed by\\nthe human mind has perplexed scientific and philosophic\\nmquirers in all ages. Some dogmatists have professed to\\nmaster the question, and have been forward enough to put\\ntheir answer on paper and give it to the world. Others,\\nmore penetrating in intellect and less bold, have named a few,\\nleaving future searchers for truth to discover more but few\\nhave been able to see that what we call mental faculties\\nspring up as the ages roll on, and are brought to light by\\nthe surrounding circumstances which demand them. Nature\\ncreates nothing in vain. She gives only as man requires.\\nJust as a wise man, when travelling through foreign coun-\\ntries, will not cumber his pockets with money, but take\\nwith him a bill of exchange by which he can supply him-\\nself on his way just as he requires it, so Nature acts\\nnaturally and reasonably, bestowing powers only where\\nand when they are needed. The ancients, who were able\\nto do without clothing, and without roofs to their houses,\\nas the lower animals do still, did not possess the architec-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "THE NUMBER OF FACULTIES IN THE HUMAN MIND. 105\\ntural faculty which has done such great things in the\\npresent day; and Nature did not impart it to them, because\\nin their case it was not required. Architecture, like every\\nother art, is a thing of growth. From the rude, unpolished\\nupright stones of barbarous times, to the beautiful fluted\\npillars of the Athenians, there was a gradual growth, just\\nas there has been since the time that the then gorgeous\\nAreopagus was built. At first the faculty was given in a\\nrude form, gradually it became brighter and brighter,\\nand is becoming more and more polished still; and who\\ndare say that man possesses it in perfection, even in this\\nthe 19th century. May we not say, that notwithstanding\\nthe past glories of architecture, there are glories yet to be\\nrevealed, in the presence of which the architecture of the\\npresent will appear as rude as was the work of the first\\narchitects, as compared with that of architects now? And\\nso it is with other mental faculties. They are growths.\\nThe demand creates the supply. Reason was given when\\nit was needed, and because it was needed; and this may\\nbe said of every power which man at present possesses.\\nThe lower and more animal faculties are, as well as the\\nspecial senses, common to all mankind; the higher, and\\nmore refined, and spiritual, are the products of cultivation\\nand growth. Worship is a matter of education. Prayer is\\na matter of education. Like monkeys, men are imitative,\\nand take on much from example. The child, under the\\ntuition of a praying mother, will most probably become a\\npraying man; but without such tuition, it is most likely\\nthat in this respect he would fail. Prayer is based upon\\neducation, like telegraphy. Could any school-boy become\\nan accomplished telegraphist at once, without the necessary\\ndrill? The thing is impossible. And so it is with prayer.\\nPrinters learn to be printers. They are not printers by\\nintuition. A man who never saw a printing press, and\\nknew nothing of types and their settings, could never make", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "106 iHE NUMBER OF FACULTIES IN THE HUMAN MIND.\\nan intelligent impression on paper. Ifc is mind under drill\\nand cultivation which telegraphs and prints. Those powers\\npeculiar to Christianity were once but conceptions in the\\nmind of Jesus of Nazareth; but through the instrumentality\\nof those whom he educated, those conceptions have spread\\nthrough the civilized world, and have produced in men s\\nminds those faculties for worship which we find in the\\nChristian Church. Christianity brought new faculties to\\nmen, but these it distributed gradually and who dare say\\nthat that system called Christianity has been exhausted,\\nand that all the powers it can impart have been imparted?\\nStep by step are men being led; and only step by step can\\nthey be led, until they reach that noble manhood which\\nconsists in an innumerable array of received faculties work-\\ning harmoniously together. The faculty of music, too, is\\na thing imparted. Many a girl has been set down as\\nincapable of becoming a pianist, who, nevertheless, after\\ncareful training, has manifested a power in the art quite\\nuncommon. Without the training, her ear would have\\nremained dull, her voice timber-tuned, and she would have\\nbeen as unsusceptible of sweetness of sound as a blind man\\nis to colour. The faculty of language is also imparted.\\nNo man is a linguist by birth or intuition. Language is\\nlearned, and learned by imitation. The Eastern Prince,\\nconfined from infancy to mature years, deprived of the\\nprivilege of listening to articulate sounds, was wholly\\nunable to articulate. People who are absolutely deaf can-\\nnot speak simply because the want of hearing hinders\\nthem from imitating the sounds of the more fortunate.\\nLet, however, their ears be opened, and place them under\\ntraining, and the faculty of speech will gradually come.\\nA hard-working mind, by severe study and prolonged\\napplication, develops new faculties in itself, and these\\nagain, brought to bear upon mankind, propagate themselves\\nin a remarkable manner. He who has the musical faculty", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "THE NUMBER OF FACULTIES IN THE HUMAN MIND. 107\\nstrong and highly cultivated, will produce that faculty in\\nothers. The mathematician who has cultivated in himself\\nthe faculty for the right adjustment of figures, will produce\\nthe mathematical faculty in others. The philanthropist\\nmakes philanthropists; the man of science produces the\\nscientific faculty in his fellows; and by the influence of\\nthe philosopher, races of men possessed of the philosophical\\nfaculty spring up. Men are not all gifted alike. Inventors\\nand discoverers have faculties which other men have not.\\nEvery man is not a Sir Isaac Newton or a Columbus. For\\nages men had seen apples fall from trees; but it was left\\nto the self-developed discovering faculty of Newton to infer\\nfrom the fall of the apple that there was a law in nature\\nwhich might properly be called the law of gravitation.\\nThousands of men in earlier times had put the question,\\nHas the whole world become known? But it was left to\\nthe observant Columbus, blest with the faculty of fresh\\ndiscovery, to find out the Western Hemisphere. Wise men\\nwrought hard, and developed in themselves faculties which\\nothers did not possess and those again, working back upon\\nmankind, produced their like, and quickened discovery in\\nmen. The necessity for the Davy Lamp was felt for ages\\namong miners; but never until Sir Humphrey developed\\nin himself the faculty of invention was that lamp, so useful\\nto those who work underground, brought to perfection.\\nWho can read the lives and study the works of such men\\nas these and others, such as George Stephenson, and yet\\nbelieve that there are as many faculties in one man s mind\\nas there are in another? The system of reading mental\\nfaculties by physical signs in the human body is undoubt-\\nedly the only system by which the end can be rightly\\nreached but Gall was perfectly right when he somewhat\\nhumorously said that the would-be seers had christened the\\nbabe before it was born, when they called it c Craniology,\\nthus confining observation exclusively to the head. He", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "108 THE NUMBER OF FACULTIES IN THE HUMAN MIND.\\ntook a wider view of things. He saw that mind wrought\\nthrough every part of the body, and that, in order to study\\nthe faculties inherent or developed by cultivation in the\\nmind of man, every part of the body must be taken into\\naccount; and this system he called Physiognomy, a name\\nwhich we have adopted, as covering the whole field of\\nthat investigation of which we speak.\\nStanding, then, on this platform, we are able to discover\\nwhat the dogmatic mind has never yet seen. Faculties are\\nyearly being noted, and their signs observed, that hereto-\\nfore have been unindicated. Still, we dare not say, even\\nfrom the stand-point of the Physiognomist, that all the\\nfaculties in the human mind have been discovered. Lying\\nbetween the zoophite and the man of cultivation, there is a\\nstrange gradation of faculties but we cannot say that all\\nthat is possible within the sphere of mental activity and\\ndevelopment has been brought to pass, even in the most\\nthoroughly educated and cultivated of minds. We can tell\\nwhat we have discovered, but can say nothing of that\\nwhich has been unexplored. We know that Physiognomy\\nreveals many new faculties, and calls attention to their\\nsigns, but we dare not say that Physiognomy has as yet\\nrevealed all. There are depths yet unsounded. Progress\\nis the law of nature and the law of the human mind. As\\nmen continue going forward, so will their mental faculties\\nincrease. Already in some, as many as a hundred and even\\ntwo hundred have been discovered; but who can tell what\\nPhysiognomy will bring to light, when the science has been\\nbrought to perfection? Who can say what number of\\nfaculties will be possessed by the human mind when the\\npresent sustains the relation to the future that the past\\nsustains to the present? As the petals of the flower are\\nunfolded by the light of the sun, so are men s minds\\nwrought upon by minds greater than themselves. Truth\\nbegets truth, science begets science, faculties beget faculties:", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "THE NUMBER OE FACULTIES IN THE MUMAN MIND. 109\\nso that the time may come when it will be seen that the\\npowers of the human mind are as innumerable as the sands\\ncA the sea shore.\\nCurb, then, flaming dogmatists, your pious wrath\\nCanute-like, ye may sit upon the shore\\nOpposing angry foam with angry froth\\nBut with encroaching wave and growing roar\\nIt comes, your sand-placed thrones must topple o er,\\nWhelmed in the wave that but recedes to gain\\nA higher leap and wider than before.\\nScold not the waves, they but obey the plain\\nResistless destiny, that rulee Mind, like the main.\\nG-eokge Canning, a famous British statesman, poet, wit, brilliant\\ndebater, sapient intellect, and powerful leader of his party, notwithstand-\\ning his squat and undersized forehead. This profile denotes untiring per-\\nseverence, sterling energy, thorough education, and a judicious and honest\\nthinker.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "THE HUMAN FACULTIES, AND THE PRINCIPLES\\nUPON WHICH THEY ARE FOUNDED.\\nThe word Faculty, as is clearly shewn by its derivation,\\nsimply denotes the possession of ease or facility, in a greater\\nor less degree, in performing actions, or in carrying out to\\ntheir ultimate results a given class of propensities or\\nproclivities. It is derived from the Latin facultas, a\\nsubstantive closely allied to the adjective facilis, easy,\\nand from which we have direct our English words, facile,\\nfacility, facilitate, facilitation, c, c. A faculty, therefore,\\nwhether regarded from a physical or mental point of view,\\nis, as the etymology of the word plainly demonstrates, the\\namount of ease or facility which attends the performance\\nof actions or thoughts, and irrespective of whether the\\nparticular faculty which may happen to be under consi-\\nderation be of an inborn origin, or superinduced in whole,\\nor in part, by cultivation. The degree of endowment\\nbetween one individual and another is, as might be\\nexpected, exceedingly varied, and may almost be said\\nto be co-extensive with the expanse of the human race\\nitself. This varietj is not, of course, confined to the element\\nof number, though even in this limited sense the remark as\\nto the great diversity of endowment would still hold good\\nand it is in the degree of strength or intensity of faculty, as", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "PRINCIPLES UPON WHUJH THE FACULTIES ARE FOUNDED. 1 1 1\\ndeveloped in different individuals, that we may probably\\nexpect to find the most prominent exhibition of variation.\\nIn some individuals we find present in a greater or less\\ndegree of development, an astonishing number of different\\nfaculties. In such a case, we have the Jack of all trades\\nand master of none, when the great variety of faculties\\nwith which the individual is endowed or cursed is but\\nfeebly backed up in point of degree of strength or intensity;\\nwhen great variety of faculties and a high degree of strength\\nor intensity combine in harmonious action, as they very\\nrarely do, we have as the result an Admirable Crichton,\\nwho does everything and everything well. Every faculty\\nappertaining to the human family is of a two-fold character\\nthe physical and the spiritual and these double charac-\\nteristics are closely interwoven, and intertwine with each\\nother, acting harmoniously and in unison, but without\\nobliterating the line of demarcation which exists between\\nthem. The vast variety in the degree of endowment, and\\nthe phenomena of the spiritual existing in excess of the\\nphysical, and vice versa, are clearly traceable to, and the\\nresults are directly deducible from, the preponderance of one\\nset of elements over another set in the human bodily\\nstructure. As an easily understood illustration of this, we\\nhave only to examine the salient points of the human\\nedifice, to be furnished with the following indisputable data\\nThe Abdomen, when, relatively to the other members of the\\nbody, of large development, indicates will of self or selfish-\\nness; the Thorax, of a largeness of size in disproportion to\\nthe other members, is an indication of the excess of will of\\naction or courage; the undue development of the Muscles\\nis an unfailing index of the presence of the will of con-\\ntrariety; the Bones, large relatively, indicates the preponder-\\nance of the will of inertia or obstinacy; while the Brain,\\nlarge out of proportion to the other members, shews the\\npresence of will of opinion, or the capacity of overpowering", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "112 THE HUMAN FACULTIES AND THE\\nantagonists in intellectual warfare. The number of distinct\\nfaculties existing in the different individuals of the human\\nrace is really much larger than we would be disposed to\\nimagine, after a cursory and superficial glance at the subject.\\nMany of them are particularized in the Physiognomical\\nbooks which we have already given to the public; but\\nthese publications have by no means exhausted the list.\\nAmongst numerous others not commented upon in the\\nworks referred to, we may here mention the human facul-\\nties of walking, swimming, skating, horsemanship, labour,\\nclothing, marriage, morality, metaphysics, common sense,\\nconsciousness, mediumship, intelligence, instinct, conception,\\njudgment, archness, intention, psychology, idealism, clair-\\nvoyance, comprehension, intellection, apprehension, and\\nintelligensitiveness. The list might still be extended very\\nconsiderably, but those given will suffice to give the reader\\nsome conception of the comprehensiveness of the subject.\\nThe physiological explanation of the causes and effects\\nwhich we have attempted to illustrate, in reference to the\\nrelative preponderance of the five varieties of faculties\\nwhich advance themselves most prominently, is not very\\nfar to seek. The Abdomen, when relatively large, denotes\\nthe presence of a selfish will, in virtue of the grasping and\\ncraving nature of that part of the body, and of the juices\\nwhich are engendered and secreted there. These urgently\\ndemand primary attention, and they will countenance\\nno consideration for the wants of any of their brother\\nfunctionaries, until their own demands have been conceded\\nto the uttermost. This granted, they acquiesce actively,\\nas well as passively, in the conveyance to its various\\ndestinations of the support which is necessary for the\\nexistence of the other members of the human functional\\nbody. This is the very essence of selfishness. The selfish\\nindividual is not averse to the contemplation of content-\\nment and enjoyment in others, and he will even contribute", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THEY ARE FOUNDED. 113\\nto bring about this result; but with the inevitable proviso\\nthat he must first be served, or serve himself to repletion,\\nWhen relatively large, the Thorax, which is mainly made\\nup of the heart and lungs, is indicative of the will of\\naction or courage largely developed, because these parts\\nof the human frame exhibit, during every second of the\\nexistence of life, an unceasing and incessant activity. Here\\nwe find the grand principle of action displayed to its fullest\\nextent; and not a moment of our life but the heart beats\\nand the lungs dilate with dauntless, unwearied, and un-\\nceasing regularity and fidelity. The less sensitive and less\\nactive of the human functions may sink to rest their\\nwearied faculties, secure in the assurance that -the heart\\nand lungs will courageously and unweariedly carry on\\nthe needful action, and maintain the heat necessary for the\\nwelfare of the body corporate. When, therefore, the pro-\\nportions of the Thorax are large, we may be sure the mental\\npart of the individual is richly endowed with motion,\\nactivity, or courage. The uninitiated may not be aware\\nto how large an extent the principle of contrariety pervades\\nthe functionary arrangement of the muscles. It would\\nseem as if it were the very nature of the muscles of the\\nhuman frame to act contrary or in opposition to other\\nmuscles forming part of the same bodily structure. If we\\nexamine the Muscular arrangement of one of our hands, we\\nfind that its action is the reverse of the arrangement on the\\nother hand, to which it acts in direct contrariety\\nthereby demonstrating the existence of a two-fold power\\nof action. When a volume of air is received into the\\nlungs, it instantly enlarges the thoracic part of the body;\\nbut immediately the principle of contrariety, which we are\\nnow noticing, displays itself in the elasticity of the pulmo-\\nnary cells and abdominal muscles, which, by a contrary\\nmotion, at once expel the air that has just been admitted.\\nW T hen the heart receives blood, it is extended and dilated;", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "1 14 THE HUMAN FACULTIES, AND THE\\nbut instantly the various layers of muscles which form its\\nwalls, acting with what we may be pardoned for calling\\ninstinctive contrariety, put themselves in action, and\\ndrive out the blood which has been received. This\\nprinciple of contrariety pervades the entire Muscular\\narrangement of the human frame; and where we find in\\nthe individual a Muscular development in excess of the\\nother bodily functions, we may be sure of the presence of\\nthe will of contrariety, or, in other words, the presence oi\\nan easiness, facility, or faculty of going and doing contrarj^\\nand of working to cross purposes. This is the pig character,\\nand the human variety will be found built broad and low\\nlike his porcine brother. When Bones predominate in the\\nindividual human structure, the ruling principle of the\\nindividual will be found to be obstinacy. The quality oi\\nobstinac} 7 when dissected and examined, will be found\\nto be simply a disinclination to move; a predisposition to\\ninertia, such as the ass, which may be regarded as obstinacv\\nitself on four legs, and endowed with life, displays with so\\nfrequent a recurrence. The ass has a large Bone develop-\\nment, and it is mainly due to this peculiarity that it has\\nacquired so unenviable a notoriety for obstinacy. The\\ncomponent parts of bone are largely made up of lime,\\nphosphates, and other rocky material. Now, this rocky\\nsubstance, which enters so largely into the composition of\\nbone, is inert matter, which is moved with difficulty, and\\nnever in consequence of any action from within. When\\nthis tendency to inertia or obstinacy is individualized by a\\npredominance of bone, the individual has, as the most pro-\\nminent feature of his character, a distaste to motion, an\\ninertia, obstinacy, in fact. The last spiritual manifestation\\ndeducible from an excess of development in the five salient\\nfeatures of the human frame is what w T e have termed will\\nof opinion, traceable back to predominance of brain, and\\nwhich may, in other words, be described as a positive or", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THEY APE FOUNDED. 115\\nvivid power of sensation. When the idea of a material\\nform is conveyed to the brain, through the medium of the\\nmaterial eye; or when an abstract or immaterial entity is\\nlooked at and examined by the eye of the mind, an impres-\\nsion is made upon the nervous system; these impressions\\nbecome mentally solidified into convictions, and the indi-\\nvidual forms positive conclusions respecting the object,\\nwhether material or abstract. The conclusions arrived at\\nin this way are, in common parlance, his opinions, and his\\ncapacity for forming and retaining opinions will be in pro-\\nportion to the real strength of his mind. Man s endow-\\nment in this respect leaves even the most advanced of the\\nrest of the animal world far behind and this fact is directly\\ndeducible from the nearer proportion of his parts. This will\\nof opinion, where inordinately developed, has led to the\\nsacrifice of millions of human lives, for causes spiritual,\\nintellectual, commercial, political, and polemical. We hope\\nwe have made it plain to our readers to how great an extent\\nthe two phases of each of the five particularized faculties\\ndepend on, and are regulated by, each other. All the other\\nfaculties maintain a parallel attitude, and hinge equally with\\nthose we have detailed on the predominance of one part of\\nthe human edifice over another; and it is in a proper under-\\nstanding of this comparative structure that the key is\\nto be found to the phenomena and mystery of the human\\ncharacter.\\nAs we have, we hope, shewn that, in special and pro-\\nminent cases, the faculties appertaining to humanity are\\ndependent for their existence on their various material\\nprototypes resident in the bodily structure, so may the rule\\nbe accepted as universally applicable in general and less\\nprominent cases. All faculties, however subtle and com-\\nplex their composition, are dependent for their existence\\nand support on particular elements, forming constituent\\nparts of the material structure of the bodily frame. The", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "116 THE HUMAN FACULTIES, AND THE\\nfaculties have no patent of self-existence; and continued\\nand adequate support is absolutely necessary to their living\\nand healthful action. If this support be vitiated at its\\nsprings, or totally withdrawn, the faculty becomes unhealthy\\nin its action, and finally ceases to exist. According to the\\ncharacter of the faculty, support is sought from the various\\nmembers of the material body, the spiritual character of\\nthe faculty bearing a close resemblance to the character-\\nistics of the region from which it draws its supplies. As\\nan illustrative example, the faculty of appetite, or appe-\\ntitiveness, has for the object of its existence the furnishing\\nand regulation of the supplies of food necessary for the\\nkeeping alive of the bo\\\\ly and accordingly, as the Abdomen\\nfirst assimilates and then regulates in the interior the\\ndistribution of the requisite aliment demanded by the\\nother organs, so is it the prototype or sign of the supply ant\\nfaculties, of which that of appetentiveness is one. A\\nparallel case is that of aquasorbitiveness, or that faculty\\nwhich regulates the reception of liquids into the human\\nsystem. The admission of a stipulated supply of liquids\\nis equally necessary with the supply of solids for the due\\nnourishment and support of the frame; and therefore, as\\nthe Abdomen or stomach is the internal assimilator and\\ndistributor of nourishment, the faculty of aquasorbitive-\\nness looks to the Abdomen or stomach for its guidance,\\nand for the degree of vigour and judgment which may be\\nnecessary for the proper performance of its functions.\\nWhen the Abdomen is distended with easy repletion, a\\ncalm contentedness and acquiesciveness supervenes this\\nplacidity is immediately communicated to the faculties of\\nappetitiveness and aquasorbitiveness, and for the time\\nbeing a peaceful harmony reigns supreme throughout the\\nentire range of the supplyant powers. Animalimitation-\\nality is the faculty which enables one individual of the\\nanimal creation to copy or imitate the actions and motions", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THEY ARE FOUNDED. 117\\nof another. In the human variety the very first exhibition\\nwhich we have of animalimitationality is in the lately\\nborn infant teaching itself, or being taught by example,\\nthe motions and actions necessary for the admission\\nof nourishment and therefore animalimitationality will\\ncome under the natural law in belonging to that part\\nwherein the faculty is first brought into use, which, in the\\ninstance on which we are now engaged, is in and around\\nthe mouth, and in immediate combination and connection\\nwith the supplyant powers. The mouth and its immediate\\nsurroundings, in virtue of the great mobility or power of\\nmotion which is seated there, is eminently adapted for\\nproducing imitations of animal actions, and the facial\\npower of expression seems here to reach its acme, culmin-\\nating in a wonderful range of power in the direction\\nof animalimitationality. The conditions reigning in and\\naround the mouth also are faithfully indicative of the con-\\nditions which subsist in and around its protot} 7 pe of the\\ninterior, the Abdomen; and it is closely allied to, and\\nconscientiously illustrative of, the whole of the signs\\nconnected with the supplyant powers. The mouth is,\\nmoreover, the commencement of the alimentary canal,\\nwith the entire course of which it must correspond, rela-\\ntively, in point of size and conditions. It is not, therefore,\\ndifficult to see to what a large extent the mouth and its\\nconcomitants, form an index of the size of the abdomen,\\nor how its width corresponds to the strength of the faculty\\nof animalimitationality and its fulness, or the extent to\\nwhich it reaches forward to its activity. This law of\\nnecessity and convenience, as illustrated in the harmonious\\nregulations of the supplyant powers, as well as in those of\\nthe other classes, offers a tempting opportunity for an\\nincisive examination and elucidation of the springs of action\\nwhence those beautiful arrangements have their origin;\\nbut as this is not an essay on the principles of the signs", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "118 THE HUMAN FACULTIES, AND THE\\nof the faculties and powers of man, we must leave that\\nphase to be dealt wilh by the student of natural law. A\\ncurious law operating in connection with the human\\nfaculties is, that it is not within the power of any indi-\\nvidual to do or perform anything which does not already\\nexist and reside within his organization. When a man\\nfinds himself unsuited for any particular calling or occupa-\\ntion, his incapacity proceeds purely from the non-existence\\nof the thing within him; and there is therefore a very\\nconsiderable amount of truth and aptness in the expression,\\nrashly set down by many as slangy and indecorous, it is\\nnot in him to do it. The simple fact is, that we cannot\\ndo, or judge of, outside of ourselves, what we do not already\\npossess within our systems. A man need not attempt to\\nbecome a carpenter or architect, or to build a house, if he is\\nnot himself constructed on the mechanical principle. If he\\ndoes not possess the faculty of structurodexterity, that is\\nto say, if he is not himself built upon the mechanical\\nprinciple, with square form, and provided with large bones,\\nhe will be quite unable to distinguish himself in dealing\\nwith square objects, or things with angles and straight\\nlines, and he would fail utterly in any attempt to expend\\nhis energy in an architectural or mechanical direction. To\\nafford a prospect of success in this quarter, the beginner\\nmust already possess the elements of the art within him,\\nand be constructed on the principles we have mentioned.\\nIf so endowed and possessed of the requisite Muscular\\nstrength, he will find no difficulty in acquiring, by the\\nnecessary amount of practice, an easiness, a facility, or\\nfaculty of performing and judging of mechanical work.\\nAgain, to enable a man to do and judge of round work, it\\nis necessary that he should be himself built on the round\\nplan of human architecture. It would be futile, for instance,\\nto set an individual to learn the art of watch and clock\\nmaking, if he were wanting or deficient in the corporeal", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THEY ARE FOUNDED. 119\\nelements of motion, roundness, stability, and mechanism.\\nThe result would inevitably be a signal failure, arising from\\nhaving disregarded the fitness of things, and the universal\\nlaw of the relations subsisting between the functions or\\nfaculties, as such, and those portions of the human structure\\non which they are severally dependent for existence and\\nsupport. One man is abundantly endowed in the matter\\nof colour, and he becomes, or would become, if circumstances\\nled him to make the attempt, a great painter. Another man\\nhas only one colour in his form, and thousands of pounds\\nmight be spent in vain in trying to teach him to paint.\\nThe thing itself does not exist within him and it\\nwere as reasonable to attempt the manufacture of some-\\nthing out of nothing, as to endeavour to supply, by artificial\\nmeans, that wealth of colour which nature has denied him.\\nThe same principle applies with equal force throughout the\\nentire scope of the subject, and in every case deals equally\\npowerfully with all the human faculties, whether in their\\nspiritual or physical phases. A man cannot regard money\\nfrom the miser s point of view, unless there is within him a\\npreponderance of the material over the spiritual. A would-\\nbe painter cannot picture on the canvas what he is unable\\nto originate and conceive within his own mind. It would\\nbe worse than idle or unreasonable to expect a song from\\na man who had no music in his soul. You might as well\\nhope to get five hundred dollars from one who did not\\npossess a cent. to get a dove to carry the load of an ox,\\nor a spider to spin a web of sufficient strength to arrest the\\nrapid motion of a train of cars! These latter expectations\\neveryone will readily admit to be in the highest degree\\nabsurd; and yet they are not one whit more absurd than\\nto hope to attain to usefulness not to speak of eminence\\nin any particular walk of life, if the candidate does not\\nexhibit in his bodily conformation that particular fitness\\nand aptitude which, by the eternal law of nature, governs\\nthe oarticuiar faculty which is in Question.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "120 THE HUMAN FACULTIES, AND THE\\nThe faculty of demolitiousness is the presence of a prone-\\nness, a facility, or faculty for destruction. To have the\\npower to bring about wreck and destruction, strength is\\nabsolutely necessary, and this strength is only obtainable\\nin a large development of the Muscular system. Large\\nmuscular development, perforce entails width of body, and\\nwherever we find exhibited an unusual width or breadth of\\nbodily structure, we may accept that as excellent prima\\nfacie evidence of the existence in the individual of a power-\\nful development of the faculty or principle of physical\\ndestructiveness. And as a corollary of this, wherever we\\nfind the head narrow, and long from front to back, that is\\nto say, in its anterior and posterior diameter, accompanied\\nby wide shoulders, and a prominent and rather thin nose,\\nwe may take it for granted that we have before us an\\nexample of the embodiment of spiritual destructiveness, by\\nwhich we mean, a facility or faculty for the demolition of\\nerroneous and mischievous ideas. This is the description of\\ngreat reformers of thoughts and morals. When we find an\\nunusually large development of the flexor muscles, we may\\nbe assured that we have discovered a safe repository for\\nsecrets; this development of the flexor muscles denoting\\nthe power of retaining possession of secrets without the\\nleast pain or exercise of self-denial. The very genius of the\\nentire system of such a specimen is secrecy, and it delights\\nin nothing so much as in the possession and retention of\\nexclusive information and intelligence.\\nWe have admitted the possibility, under certain condi-\\ntions and within somewhat narrow limits, of the cultivation\\nand partial development of faculties; but let it be borne dis-\\ntinctlyin mind that this is possible only to the extent and no\\nfarther that it is practicable to modify by cultivation, use\\nand wont, the bodily proportions. This action is very limited\\nand circumscribed and the influence exerted by the bodily", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THEY ARE FOUNDED. 121\\nproportions upon the faculties themselves is in exact ratio\\nwith the changes which they have first undergone. It\\nwill, however, sometimes appear as if the entire mental\\naction were reversed, and this is explained by taking the\\nmaterial example of the steam-engine. A very slight\\nexertion of power on the part of the engineer acting upon\\nthe lever or valve-handle will gradually slacken the speed\\nof- the machine, until it comes to a stand and a further\\nmovement will cause the power of the steam to be exerted\\nin such a way on the machinery as to engender a contrary\\nmotion, and the engine, which was before proceeding east-\\nward, now proceeds westwards, impelled by the same\\npower acting on the same machinery which formerly pro-\\npelled the machine in an easterly direction. The organiza-\\ntion of man is infinitely finer and more complex than that\\nof a steam-engine, and the forces which act upon it are\\nvastly more numerous than those of heated water and air,\\nand it is therefore capable of an infinitely greater variety of\\naction and motion. To strengthen the spiritual power of\\nman, we have no other means than that of purifying his\\nmaterial proportions, and enlarging the sensorium or Brain\\nand Nerve form. Gradually, and in exact proportion as his\\nsystem becomes purified and etherealized, the spiritual\\nphase of his faculties becomes improved and enriched. Let\\nthe body undergo deterioration by physical drudgeries,\\nunwholesome food, filth, or excessive indulgence in ardent\\nspirits, and the human engine is immediately reversed, and\\nruns in the direction of the animal, instead of the spiritual.\\nThe operation necessary, therefore, to awaken a latent\\nfaculty, or to change the direction and aim of an existing\\nactive one, is simply that of effecting a change of the\\nconditions of the bodily proportions. To secure the healthy\\nand useful action of the faculties, it is necessary to have\\neach individual faculty existing in harmony with the oth^fs", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "122 THE HUMAN FACULTIES AND TH3TR PRINCIPLES.\\nand where this harmony is exhibited in its fullest extent, there\\ndo we find specimens of humanity constructed on the sureft\\nprinciples for the furtherance of their own happiness, and\\nthe amelioration of the conditions of the world at large.\\nDr. E. B. Foote, the distinguished author and physician, of New-\\nYork, known by his writings throughout the civilized world. (Portrait\\ncopied from frontispiece of his Plain Home Talk, a popular work upon\\ntopics relating to health, marriage, heredity, etc., etc.)", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nCLASS I.\\nTHE SUPPLYANT POWERS.\\nWHERE THE POWERS OF THIS CLASS ARE LARGE, THE ABDO-\\nMINAL FORM PREDOMINATES IN THAT ORGANIZATION.\\nACQUIESCIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CONTENTMENT.\\nTHE DISPOSITION TO BE SATISFIED IN A QUIET MANNER.\\nFull cheeks and placidity of countenance indicate acquies-\\nciveness or contentment generally, especially if the\\naspect is cheerful.\\nPrinciples that underlie the Faculties and\\ntheir Signs.\\nEverything that exists within the range of nature, and,\\nwhether embodying material or abstract ideas, has as a\\nfundamental accompaniment, an underlying principle that\\nranks before, and in precedence of, the fact, idea, or faculty\\nitself. In observing the fall of an apple to the ground,\\nfrom the particular branch or twig whereon it has grown,\\nthe most superficial observer may recognize the fact that\\nthe apple has fallen; but under and preceding the simple\\nfact of the apple having changed its place and position,\\nthere is the infinitely more interesting consideration of the\\ncause or principle whence the change of place has sprung,\\nand this underlying cause or principle we call the natural", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "124\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nlaw of gravity. But for the operation of this law of\\ngravity, that attracts every atom of natural matter in the\\ndirection of the centre of the earth, the apple might have\\nremained for ever in its elevation of a few feet above the\\nsurface of the earth, or it might have been left to be\\noperated upon by other forces in any other direction. From\\nAcquiesciveness Large\\nWelsh Woman.\\nAcquiesciveness Small\\nMrs. Bachus, of California.\\nthis illustration, we perceive by a train of logical reasoning\\nwhich all may comprehend, that facts, occurrences, or by\\nwhatever name we may choose to call them, are invariably\\npreceded by natural originating principles these facts being\\nthe natural outcome of the forces exerted by those prin-\\nciples, and not independent occurrences constituting cause\\nand effect in themselves. Simply to observe facts is one\\nthing; but to trace back from effect to cause to sift and\\nelucidate the underlying principles, and to unfold and explain\\nthe time and mode of action, is quite another thing.\\nrequiring a much higher order of logical reasoning power.\\nIn this article we propose, briefly and simply, to open up\\nthis feature of the question, by indicating the principles\\nacting in precedence of each faculty or power, in the parti-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 125\\ncular order in which the faculties have been arranged\\nThe underlying principles will be placed as the last verse\\nunder each faculty, in their respective order, as in the\\nfollowing paragraph\\nAcquiesciveness makes its presence manifest in a full\\ndevelopment of the muscles and tissues of the cheeks,\\ntemples, c, conclusive evidence of an abundant supply of\\nanimal juices, and consequently of the possession on the\\npart of the individual of excellent digestive powers, and of\\nan ample and well-working assimilative apparatus. As\\nthere is no time when what we may call bodily content-\\nment, or the absence of any kind of craving or uneasiness\\nis more conspicuous than immediately after a wholesome\\nand well regulated meal, so is there no time when mental\\ntranquillity or contentment is more fully displayed than\\nimmediately after the bodily wants have been attended to,\\nand when the juices are actively engaged in the assimilation\\nof the nutritious ingredients that have just been submitted\\nto their action, for the purpose of being worked up and\\nelaborated into invigorating life. We thus at once perceive\\nthe intimate relationship subsisting between a fulness in\\nthe cheeks, temples, c\\\\, and the faculty of contentment or\\nacquiesciveness the cause being the excellence of the\\ndigestive organs, and the consequent abundant presence\\nof the animal juices, the effect being the development of\\nthe faculty of acquiesciveness. Good digestion communi-\\ncates its signs to the Physiognomy, and spreads itself\\nthroughout the entire character which the face represents.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "126 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nANIMALIMITATIONALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ANIMAL IMITA-\\nTION.\\nTHE POWER OF IMITATING THE MOTIONS, POSTURES, AND\\nACTIONS OF ANIMAL FORMS.\\nA wide mouth, in a narrow face, may safely be defined as\\nindicative of Animal Imitation.\\nAnimalimitationality Large\\nA Fort Rupert Indian.\\nAnimalimitationality Small\\nHorace Greeley.\\nThe most mobile and expressive part of the face by far\\nis the mouth itself, and here we find the seat of powers of\\nimitation of a character almost illimitable. In particular\\nindividuals we find occasionally an amazing capacity for\\nimitating the sounds of man and animals, and in no speci-\\nmens is this power not developed in a certain degree.\\nThese powers of imitation are seated in and around the\\nmouth, and accordingly to this part of the Physiognomy\\nwe assign as a natural consequence the outward sign or\\nmanifestation of animalimitationality; for, if we are not to\\nlook for the sign of a particular faculty in that part where\\nit is most manifested, how can we hope to discover it\\nelsewhere? We measure the swallow of the whale by the\\ndimensions of the animal s throat, and by the same procef**", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n127\\nof reasoning we measure the capacity of an individual for\\nproducing imitations of the sounds given forth by his\\nbrother man and by the inferior animals, by the form and\\ndegree of mobility of that part of the face wherein resides\\nthe highest powers in this direction. The degree of\\ndevelopment, therefore, of the faculty of animalimitation-\\nality is determined by the size of the mouth.\\nAQUASOKBITIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 KELISH FOE WATER\\nAPPRECIATION AND LOVE OF WATER DRINKING, WATER\\nSCENERY, BATHING, ETC.\\nA rounding or puffy fulness of the cheeks, from one-half\\nto three-fourths of an inch outwards, backwards, and\\nslightly upivards from the mouth is that part of the face\\nwhere the love of liquid first manifests itself\\nAquasorbitiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 George\\nMorland, a talented painter.\\nAquasorbitiveness Small\\nNicholas Copernicus.\\nThis faculty directs the quality, quantity, and frequency\\nof the supplies of liquid that are necessary for the healthy\\nworking of the body corporate. It receives its inspiration\\nfrom the condition of the juices of the stomach, and we may", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "128 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\npredicate with absolute certainty its intimate relations to\\nthese juices. Of a soft character, they would naturally\\noperate upon the soft parts of the face, and accordingly we\\nfind the outward sign of the faculty located in the soft\\nparts of the cheeks, and just before the masseter muscle.\\nThe faculty may become unduly developed or vitiated by\\nimmoderate drinking, as in the case of George Morland, and\\nother intemperate people, and in proportion as this phase 01\\ndisease develops itself, we find the growth and enlargement\\nof the outward sign itself more fully manifested in the\\nswelling out of that part of the cheeks in which it is\\nsituated. This is a development of the law of use and\\nwont, in this case operating, and naturally so, upon that\\npart of the face set in motion by drinking. The sign of\\nthe faculty of aquasorbitiveness is accordingly situated in\\nthe cheeks, just before the masseter muscle.\\nPHYSIOELPIDICITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PHYSICAL HOPE.\\nTHE FACULTY OF HOPE RELATING TO THE PHYSICAL WORLD\\nAND MATERIAL THINGS.\\nFull, moist eyes, plump cheeks, large neck, and an elastic\\nspringy step, can be safely relied upon as signs of physical\\nhope. The sunken, dull eye, hollow cheek, and drooping\\ncorners of the mouth are physiognomical indications of a\\ngloomy nature.\\nAs this description of hope relates only to the animal or\\nmaterial department of wants, and is confined to the natural\\nbodily craving for the sustenance which is necessary to the\\nexistence of life, it is natural that we should look for its\\nsigns in that part of the body which first touches and\\nreceives the bodily aliment on its way to the interior, viz.,\\nin and around the mouth and the lower part of the face.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PLINCIPLES.\\n129\\nAs the amount of animal hope depends entirely upon the\\namount of life force which is present, so would we naturally\\nlook for the outward sign or manifestation of this faculty\\nin that part which indicates the presence of a reserve of\\nvitality, and we accordingly rind that results bear out this\\nchain of reasoning.\\nGKASPATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 KAPACITY.\\nTHE PROPENSITY TO GAIN BY EXTORTION, OR ADDICTION\\nTO GAIN BY PLUNDER OR OPPRESSION.\\nHeavy jaws, large neck, and heavy chest, are signs of large\\nrapacity.\\nThe conformation of the mouth generally, but more\\nespecially of the jaws, which are the means that Nature\\nGraspatdveness Large.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Robert\\nGregson, a notorious English\\npugilist.\\nGraspativeness Small. Nana\\nNarian, an East Indiaman.\\nnas provided to man and to the lower animal kingdom for\\ngrasping and retaining possession of their food, denotes in", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "130\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nproportion to its relative development and prominence of\\nsize and position, the degree of the predatory proclivities of\\nthe individual. This graspativeness is not confined to the\\nmatter of food alone, but comprises everything within the\\nrange of human experience, on which the grasping faculty\\ncan be expended. The outward sign, therefore, resides in\\nthe mouth and jaws.\\nASSOCIATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SOCIALITY.\\nTHE DESIRE TO CONVERSE WITH OTHERS AND BE IN THEIR\\nCOMPANY.\\nOpen, protruding, red lips, full cheeks, and large abdomen,\\nare signs of sociality.\\nThis is a genial interchange of sympathetic thought and\\nfeeling; a magnetism and a vital force which spring up in\\nAssociativenesa Large. Samuel R.\\nWard, a Negro remarkable for\\nbis social disposition,\\nAssociativeness Small. David Dun-\\ncan, a Hermit of Michigan.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n131\\nhuman intercourse, and warm up into full action before the\\nextracting influence of appropriate and loveable companion-\\nship. To be capable of a full display of this genial effer-\\nvescence, the individual must be well and fully endowed\\nin the matter of vital force. His living action must be in\\nthe enjoyment of the fullest and the freest play; his animal\\njuices must be abundant, and the whole machine must be\\nthrobbing in the exuberance of overflowing life and action.\\nIn such a subject we find the lips full and protruding, the\\ncheeks plump, eyes sparkling, and a warm and healthy\\nglow overspreading the entire Physiognomy. These are\\ninfallible indications of sociativeness, being the natural\\noutcome of the superabundance of life and energy, which\\nis the unfailing accompaniment of a high degree of sociality.\\nAPPETITIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DESIRE OF FOOD.\\nTHE FACULTY OR QUALITY OF APPETITE.\\nWidth and general fulness of the cheeks opposite the molar\\nteeth, and a large mouth are never-failing testimonials of\\ngood sustentative propensities.\\nAppetitiveness Large. David\\nELume, a celebrated historian.\\nAppetativeness Small. Gustavas\\nIII., King of Sweden.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "132 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nThis faculty shews its presence in a fulness of the cheeks\\nopposite to the maseter muscles, and the reason of this is at\\nonce plain and evident. The maseter muscles being those\\nused in the mastication of food, they are seldom idle for any\\nlength of time and, by the natural law of development by\\nuse, the result is arrived at of a fulness in the face over\\nthe place where those useful and industrious workers are\\nsilently and efficiently performing their duties.\\nEETALIATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RETALIATION\\nTHE DISPOSITION OF RETURNING LIKE FOR LIKE.\\nTIT FOR TAT.\\nThis disposition being stronger in the dark races and\\nanimals than in the light, we conclude that persons are\\nretaliative relatively in proportion to the depth of their\\ncolour. Another sign of revenge is a hollow in the centre of\\nthe forehead. The elephant is an example of a revengeful\\ncharacter; and the hippopotamus and rhinoceros are\\nexceedingly retaliative. Horses with this deep indent in\\nthe forehead should never be trusted.\\nBy the term Retaliativeness we are generally understood\\nto signify the returning of evil for evil; but this meaning is\\nby far too restricted in its comprehensiveness. It is in fact\\nthe reflection back, or reaction of any set of feelings from\\none individual to another; and it is quite as much to be\\nregarded as the returning of good for good, as any le3S\\nworthy motive or action. This capability of reaction or\\nreflection is only highly developed in those who are\\nendowed with a superabundance of the Fibrous and Muscuiai", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 133\\nform, accompanied with a predominance of the Abdominal\\nNow the Abdominal form being largely made up of the\\nsoft or semi-fluid portions of the body, its natural tendency\\nis to reflect back as with a shadow the impressions that\\ncome in contact with it. It is the nature of water, as\\nwell as of all other kinds of fluid, to reflect back blows or\\nshadows, or whatever may be received on their surfaces;\\nand this reflection or reaction becomes, when accompanied\\nby an impelling force, the faculty of Retaliativeness; and\\nit is thus that we account for the fact, that a man with a\\nlarge development of fat is given to retaliative propensities;\\nand when we add a large abdomen and sufficient depth of\\ncolour, we have combined in one individual all the elements\\nthat are necessary for the vigorous throwing back of all\\nimpressions, whether these impressions be good or bad,\\nthat come in contact with this form. The faculty has its\\nsign, therefore, in a full development of the Muscular, the\\nFleshy, and a superabundance of the Abdominal form.\\nFrancois P. G. Guizot, a celebrated French historian, with vast\\nretentative, speculative, and practical powers co-ordinated becomingly with\\ninflexible resistance to what he considered wrong-.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES,\\nCLASS II\\nTHE PROTECTIVE ABILITIES.\\nIN PERSONS WHERE THIS CLASS OF ABILITIES IS RELATIVELY\\nLARGE, THERE IS AN ASCENDANCY OF THE THORACIC FORM.\\nSENTINELITIVENESS. DESIRE TO BE SENTI-\\nNELLED.\\nTHE PRECAUTIOUS DISPOSITION THAT SETS ONE OR MORE\\nON THE WATCH, TO KEEP A SHARP LOOK-OUT, AND\\nGIVE WARNING OF APPROACHING DANGER.\\nGreat fulness of the forehead, immediately above, and\\ndose to the junction of a long nose with the forehead, evinces\\na desire to be guarded and sentinelled against danger.\\nThe outward signs of this faculty are to be found in the\\nexpansion of the forehead, immediately above its junction\\nwith a nose of more than the ordinary length. This indi-\\ncates the degree of strength which resides in that part of\\nthe facial conformat^n set apart Jbr watching over, or\\nsetting sentinels upon the safety and general welfare of the\\nwhole. It shows the amount of assistance afforded, and\\nthe degree of power accorded to the eyes, in the fulfilment\\nof their duties of watching for, and recognizing the approach\\nof danger. To augment the ocular power, an enlargement", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n135\\nof the surrounding forces must take place, and this neces-\\nsitates an enlargement of the bones, muscles, and brain,\\nwhich are the main constituents of the surrounding and\\naiding forces, and it is thus we are enabled to estimate the\\namount of watching power or Sentinelitiveness present in\\nthe individual\\nMOEIYALOEOSITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MORAL COURAGE.\\nTHE ENDOWMENT THAT PROMPTS ITS POSSESSOR TO BE\\nCOURAGEOUS WHEN THOUGHTS REQUIRE MORAL SUPPORT.\\nA long prominent nose, which rises high from the face in\\nits upper part, is the very best evidence of large moral\\ncourage. ^r\\nMorivalorosity Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Thomas Becon,\\nformerly Professor of Divinity at\\nOxford.\\nMorivalorosity Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Thomaa\\nMolineaux, a brutal English\\npugilist.\\nThis may be described as the higher phase of mere animal\\ncourage, and it exhibits itself morally in a dauntless reach-\\ning forward for what is good and pure, and a capacity for", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "136 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\novercoming the obstacles which may bar the way on its\\nonward progress. Courage of the common sort is positive\\nactivity, and moral courage is the same thing, only with\\nthe addition of a high moral sense. Positive activity, as\\nwe have already demonstrated in another part of the work,\\nresides in the thorax, of which the lungs or breathing-\\napparatus comprise a considerable part. The thorax being\\nthe sign of positive activity, and positive activity being\\na high moral courage or Morivalorosity, it is clear we must\\nlook for the outward sign of the latter in the degree of\\nexpansion of the facial breathing accessories, and accord-\\ningly we find that it has its seat in the nostrils, or breathing\\navenues. The breathing capacity is estimated by the\\nwidening out of the nostrils, and the amount of breathing\\ncapacity indicates the degree of development of positive\\nactivity, which in its turn is the indice of the amount of\\nmoral courage or Morivalorosity. The very essence of\\nmorality is a reaching forward for what is good; and when\\nwe find the nose expansive, and reaching forward, we may\\nconclude that the aspirations and aims of the individual\\nare in the direction of the moral and the good.\\nELEYATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ASPIKATIOK\\nTHAT QUALITY OF MIND THAT TENDS TO ELEVATE\\nCHARACTER AS WELL AS BODY.\\nThe nose that stands well out, and up at the point, accom-\\npanies the elevative disposition in men and animals.\\nThe desire and capacity for that species of energetic and\\novercoming action that carries an individual up an acclivity\\nhas a twofold origin, and the forces which act may b\u00c2\u00ab", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n13;\\ntermed shortly, the force of strength, and the force of\\ndirection. The working of the former has already been\\nexplained under the head of Morivalorosity, and the other\\nis the guiding or steering element, which regulates the\\ndirection that the force of strength or activity is to take.\\nElevativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 La vater.\\nElevativeness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Chinese woman.\\nThe direction of the character of the individual, whethei\\nthat be aspiring or grovelling, is measured by the direction\\nwhich is taken by the features in rising out of the plane of\\nthe face; and when the growth is outward and upward,\\nwe may assume that the proclivities are towards Elevative-\\nness in both mind and body.\\nOLFACTIVENESS. \u00e2\u0080\u0094OLFACTORY.\\nOLFACTIVENESS IS THE SENSE OR FACULTY BY WHICH WE\\nPERCEIVE THE QUALITIES OF SUBSTANCES BY THEIR\\nEFFLUVIA OR EMANATIONS.\\nLong sharp noses invariably accompany great smelling\\nor olfactory abilities.\\nWe may recognize a high degree of Olfactiveness when\\nve see a long, sharp, straight nose; and the reason of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "138 THE 1TA.CULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nthis is not difficult to discover or far to seek. This\\nkind of nose indicates a great surface for the operation\\nof the olfactory nerves; and in the increase of strength\\nwith length, it bears a striking resemblance to the tele-\\nscope, the reaching powers of which are increased in the\\nratio of the increase of the length of the inner barrel\\nsurface. The longer and larger is the instrument grant-\\ning, of course, that it is otherwise constructed on the\\nrequisite scientific principles the greater the power of\\nreach and in like manner with the nose the longer and\\nwider the nostril the greater is the olfactory surface, and\\nthe more fully developed is the faculty of Olfactiveness.\\nKESISTATIVEKESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BESISTANCE.\\nTHE QUALITY AND INCLINATION TO RESIST THE IMPULSE,\\nPRESSURE, AND ENCROACHMENTS OF OTHERS.\\nThe elevated nose, short neclc, and scowling brow are\\nsure indications of the faculty of resistativeness.\\nThe lion, the tiger, the dog, and in fact the whole of\\nthe combative species, when in the act of springing upon\\nany object that is placed in antagonism to them, whether\\nfor purpose of necessary food, or from more questionable\\nmotives, may be observed to draw back the head as into\\na sheath, and expand the chest with a full inspiration of\\nair, with the instinctive object of contributing greater force\\nto the impending blow. These acts unquestionably add\\ngreater power to the aggressive force which is about to\\nbe exercised; but that which would augment the power\\nof aggression would equally lend force for resistance; and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 139\\nwe therefore recognize in the short neck and scowling\\nbrow, displaying to the utmost the muscular action of\\nthat part of the body, the indication of a high degree of\\nKesistativeness, and we might safely predicate a uniform\\nmuscular condition reigning throughout the entire body.\\nASSAULTATIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ASSAULT.\\nTHE DISPOSITION TO ATTACK THE RIGHTS OR PERSON OF\\nANOTHER.\\nThe nose that stands out far from the face, in the region\\nof the bridge or its centre, can safely be regarded as a\\ncertain sign of an aggressive nature.\\nThe vicious, biting, and kicking horse is almost invariably\\nfound to possess a nose of the bow shape, and with no\\nvery remote resemblance to that build of the human\\nvariety that we designate the commanding nose. This\\npeculiar conformation of the nasal organ is the natural\\nresult of the conformation within, which is the cause of\\nthe animal being cursed with a vicious or assaultative\\ndisposition. The same rule holds good in the human family;\\nand it will invariably be found that a man s Assaultive-\\nness can be measured by the degree of tendency which\\nhis nose evinces towards the form we have indicated.\\nWATCHFULNESS.\\nTHE STATE OR QUALITY OF BEING WAKEFUL.\\nAnxious expression, uneasy manner, with full eyes and\\na rather long nose, strongly indicate this idiosyncrasy.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "140\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nEarnest and sustained watching quickly produces an\\nanxious and careworn expression of countenance, this\\nbeing the direct, inevitable, and natural result of the\\naction of a watchful and vigilant mind upon the outward\\nlineaments of the entire bodily structure, and we may\\ntake it for granted that most of the bodily signs are the\\noutcome of the working of the mind inside.\\nSUSPICIOUSNESS.\\nTHE DISPOSITION TO IMAGINE AND SUSPECT THE EXISTENCE\\nOF SOMETHING WITHOUT PROOF.\\nThe visible evidence of suspicion is the length from the\\nface, directly forward, to the point of the nose. The crow\\nis one of the best examples of suspicion.\\nSuspiciousness Small Owl.\\nSuspiciousness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Crow.\\nThe altitude or protuberance that any individual or\\nanimal assumes for the head and the forepart of the body,\\nwhen they are apprehensive of the approach of any kind\\nof danger, is a throwing forward in an advancing direction\\nof the centre of the face, as if to carry that part of the\\nbody in which reside the active and watchful faculties\\nthat is, those lying in and around the eyes and nose as", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 141\\nnear as possible to the place from which the suspected\\ndanger is expected to proceed. This instinctive action is\\nborn of the desire for the greatest possible facility for\\nsurveying, recognizing, and guarding against the dreaded\\nhostility.\\nLOCOMOTIYITY.\\nTHE DESIRE FOR ACTION, AND ABILITY OF CHANGING PLACE,\\nWHILE PRESERVING IDENTITY.\\nThe faculty of locomotion manifests itself physiognomi-\\ncally by a long and thin nose. The greyhound and stag-\\nhound are fine examples of locomotive construction; while\\nthe sloth s nose indicates the opposite extreme, and the fact\\nis verified by its motion being only a few feet each day.\\nThe long slim form of animals is accompanied invariably\\nwith great speed of motion, and vice versa in the case of\\nthe short thick form. Take the ravenous pike, for instance\\nthe fresh water shark, as he is called, and not without\\njustice. His great length enables him to dart through the\\naqueous element with inconceivable speed. There is not,\\nindeed, any animal whatever, constructed on the long form,\\nthat is not also endowed with swiftness; and by the same\\nrule, all those built on the short and thick plan are slow\\nof foot and sluggish in motion. The great length of the\\nlong animal gives a great extent for the action of the mus-\\ncular power, and a proportionally long distance for the\\nnerve fluid to act, and the result, as a natural consequence,\\nis excess of activity. This lengthy distribution of the\\nmotary nerves enables the animal to exert its will suddenly\\nand at once on a great expanse of surface, and to give\\nbirth at will to great efforts of locomotion.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "142 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nINQUISITIVENESS.\\nTHE ABILITY TO FIND OR OBTAIN INFORMATION THE\\nQUALITY OF A DETECTIVE.\\nA long prominent nose and thin cheeks are evidences of an\\ninquiring disposition.\\nWhen the face assumes a wedged appearance, sharpening\\nout into a long protruding nose, we may with safety con-\\nclude that the delight of the possessor is to pry into, and\\nminutely investigate matters that, to others of a different\\nform, would appear trivial and childish, and that especially\\nthe individual with the round face, or possessing the round\\nform, would pass by without arousing or wasting a thought.\\nThis is the natural consequence of the unalterable law of\\noutward manifestation; and it would be idle to look for\\ntraits of character in antagonism to the natural constructive\\nbent of the individual. The thin-faced, long-nosed man\\nrevels in close inquiry, while his short-nosed and round-\\nfaced brother rolls contentedly through life, uncaring for\\nwhat does not concern himself.\\nAMBITIOUSNESS.\\nTHE DESIRE OF DISTINCTION OR PRE-EMINENCE.\\nThoroughly defined and well-marked features are nature s\\nrecorded evidences of a keen aim in life, and wide, grasp-\\ning, and far-reaching ambition.\\nAll the individual members of the human family seek\\nassiduously after that for which, by reason of the particu-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. L43\\nlarity of their structure, they have the most proclivities.\\nThose who are ambitious of the possession and exercise of\\npower are so in virtue of being built upon the plan of\\npower. Such a man as Napoleon the Great, for instance,\\nwas eminently furnished with those peculiarities of internal\\nstructure, that have for their outcome an unquenchable\\nthirst for dominion and sway over their brethren of man-\\nkind. The evidence of a powerful ambitious mind is to\\nbe found in features of the coarse, strong, and well-defined\\ncharacter, joined with heavy jaws, large neck and chest.\\nFeatures of this description are the natural indications of\\nthe presence of a large development of Ambitiousness, or the\\nlove of power, because they denote outwardly the inward\\npower of the man, and power, like everything else in nature,\\nhas a tendency to assert itself and leave its mark.\\nAUTOHEGEMONY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SELF -ESTIMATION.\\nTHE FACULTY WHICH GIVES A HIGH ESTIMATE OF ONE S OWN\\nACTIONS OR CAPACITIES.\\nCarrying tlie head well back, and relatively great length\\nfrom the point of the nose to the loiver part of the chin, are\\nindications which belong only to those who fully appreciate\\ntheir own merits, and in many instances overrate them-\\nselves. Beau Brummely the fop in the reign of George IV.\\nof England, was intensely egotistical. Hence we have given\\nhis likeness as an illustration of large or exaggerated self*\\nappreciation. Immanuel Kant, the eminent German philo-\\nsoploer, was very deficient in self-appreciation.\\nA high appreciation of one s-self is exhibited in the action\\nof the mind upon the body in such a way as to draw back", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "144: THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nwithin itself, like a hedgehog, the whole of the Muscular\\nsystem. The natural tendency of the mental part of man\\nis to influence the body in the direction of the thing or\\nseries of things upon which the most of the love of the\\nAutohegemony Large Beau Brummel, Autohegemony Small Emmanuel\\na noted fop and courtier of Geo. IV*. Kant, a German Metaphysician\\nand Philosopher.\\nindividual is lavished and in this case, as the most dearly\\ncherished being is the individual himself, the natural bent\\nof the whole structure of the body is inwards and towards\\nhimself. A specimen highly endowed in this direction\\nwould display the trapezius muscle in the back of the\\nneck, situated as if dragging the head backwards and\\nupwards. This action would have the effect of lifting up\\nthe chin and as the direction of the force exercised by the\\ndepressor muscles is of a downward character, there would\\nnaturally result a lengthening out of the face from the\\nnose to the point of the chin. The actual momentary force\\nexerted by the muscle is certainly slight, and might be\\nset aside by un reflective investigators as comparatively\\nunimportant; but when it is remembered that this force", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n145\\nis being constantly exerted during the slow elapse of the\\nyears of a lifetime, we are compelled to concede to it an\\nimportance of no ordinary kind and we must admit that\\nno inconsiderable change would be wrought upon the\\nPhysiognomy by the silent but unceasing working that has\\nbeen indicated.\\nBishop Matthew Simpson, an eloquent preacher, master of the\\nLatin, Greek, Hebrew, German, and English languages, and one of the\\nmost profound thinkers of this century. A countenance indicative of\\nveracity, industry, oratory, and chastity. His facile capacity for spoken\\nlanguage is manifested by his protruding and flexible lips, large mouth\\nand jaws, but not by his eyes.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES,\\nCLASS III.\\nTHE PROPAGATIVE INCLINATIONS.\\nTHIS CLASS OF INCLINATIONS WILL BE FOUND LARGE WHEN\\nTHE MUSCULAR AND FIBROUS FORM PREDOMINATES.\\n*KK[^[N NN ^i 4^\\nTEMPOEINATUEALITIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 APPEECIATION\\nOF NATUBAL MOTION.\\nTHE POWER OF JUDGING OR COMPREHENDING THE TIME OF\\nTHE YEAR, THE SEASONS, OR THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE\\nPLANETS.\\nThe round form of the face and physique bespeak for\\nthe individual the ability to comprehend and produce\\nnatural time.\\nTemporinaturalitiveness Large\\nBach.\\nTemporinaturalitiveness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nAn Indian of Callam Bay.\\nThose mysterious orbs of heaven, that keep their unceasing\\njourney around their respective systems of suns in a multi-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 147\\nplicity of universes, dazzling and bewildering to sublunary\\ncontemplation, afford us an apt and conclusive illustration\\nin the elucidation of our science. Those planets comprising\\nthe members of our own system, and with which we have a\\nmore intimate acquaintance, such as the Moon, Saturn,\\nNeptune, Pallas, and the rest, are all constructed on the\\nround form, and all their motions are in circles more or\\nless precise. They are essentially round in their confor-\\nmations, and in the actions which they perform there is the\\nunvarying principle of time which, if we may be allowed\\nthe expression, seems to be the paramount consideration,\\nand one to which all others are secondary and subservient.\\nThis principle of the exact measurement of time, conjoined\\nto rotundity of form and motion, give us the key to the\\nfact, that humanity built on the round form is more adapted\\nto the judging of anything in which time is an element,\\nthan are individuals of the other types. There is a beauti-\\nful harmony of design reigning throughout the entire\\ndomain of nature, and this is only one of the innumerable\\nillustrations which present themselves to the intelligent\\nobserver.\\nPHYSIOYALOKOSITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PHYSICAL COUBAGE.\\nMATERIAL AND CORPOREAL COURAGE; RESISTANCE TO\\nEVERY SPECIES OF PHYSICAL FORCE.\\nThe wide nostril, short neck, large thorax, and eyes set\\ndirectly in front, instead of outside of the head, are indubi-\\ntable indications of physical courage; while timidity is\\nphysiognomically recognizable by a long slim neck; large\\neyes set on the sides of the head rather than in front; and\\nnarrow long ears. The rabbit and giraffe are fine examples\\nof timidity", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "148 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nPhysiovalorosity Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Broughton, Physiovalorosity Small Joseph\\na base pugilist of England. Justus Scalliger, who filled\\nthe Chair of Belles Lettres in\\nthe University of Ley den.\\nPhysiovalorosity Large A Lion.\\nPhysiovalorosity Small A Giraffe,\\ntaken from life in the Zoological\\nGardens of London.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 149\\nAs physical courage is the direct result of large lung\\ndevelopment, giving rise to a superabundance of the active\\nforces of life, and as this form is invariably accompanied\\noutwardly by nostrils expanding at their base, we find\\nthat the presence of physical strength, which is the natural\\nresult of these conjunctions, denotes also width of head,\\nnose, jaws, and neck, along with depth of chest, the\\nimmediate causes of the widening out of the nostrils, which\\nwe have referred to. In the above cuts of Physiovalorosity\\nlarge, there may be found an excellent illustration of the\\noperation of this law.\\nSOFHISTICALNESS.\\nTHE INCLINATION TO BE FALLACIOUSLY SUBTLE AND\\nUNSOUND.\\nSophistry shadows itself forth on the facial lineaments\\nby giving them a smooth and round expression.\\nSophistry that consists of a false and misleading, though\\nfair, promising, and specious style of reasoning is the\\nnatural outcome of a round, smooth, oily organization,\\nadapted for rounding corners, wheeling and turning, and\\ngenerally endeavouring to avoid coming to the point. The\\nman of the straight or rough form is perforce compelled\\nto perform all his actions in a straightforward manner,\\nand to him falsity and deceit are foreign and uncongenial.\\nThese two kinds take as naturally to their respective\\nmodes of action as the young duckling, on breaking from\\nthe shell, takes to the water. The inborn nature asserts\\nitself: and what is bred in the bone cannot come out of\\nthe flesh, as the old proverb hath it-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "150\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nPLAYFULNESS.\\nTHE ABILITY THAT GIVES, APPRECIATES, AND ENJOYS\\nLIVELY RECREATIONS AND EXERCISES FOR THE SAKE\\nOF AMUSEMENT.\\nFulness in the centre of the forehead, face, and every\\nbone of the whole frame, indicates a playful nature.\\nA small Osseous construction, combined with a large\\nMuscular development, give this peculiarity to the bones,\\nthat they are most attenuated towards their extremities\\nand attain their\\ngreatest fulness half\\nway between those\\npoints. The natural\\ntendency of the\\nmuscles is one of\\naction, which action,\\nwhen it is super-\\nabundant and over-\\nflowing, becomes\\nplayfulness, and\\nconsequently, in ac-\\ncordance with the\\nabove peculiarity, when we find the frontal bone, or indeed\\nany other bone in the body, attaining its greatest fulness\\nin its centre, we predicate the predominance of muscular\\nactivity, which predominance is the index of proclivities\\nof a sportive or playful character.\\nPlayfulness Large A Squirrel.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 151\\nINTEEMUTATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SUBSTITUTION.\\nTHE CAPACITY OF CHANGING OR PLACING ONE THING IN\\nLIEU OF ANOTHER.\\nIntermutativeness, which is the ability to put one\\nthing or person in the place of another, may be discovered\\nby a general fulness in the centre of the face, from the hair\\nto the centre of the chin inclusive.\\nThis faculty is manifested in a general fulness extending\\nperpendicularly along the entire length of the face. This\\nfulness denotes activity on the part of the muscular forces,\\nand these forces subjected to the will are the condition*\\nrequisite for producing the tendency to Intermutativeness.\\nFulness along the centre line of the face is always indica-\\ntive of activity, while width of face or body shews the\\npresence of mere strength rather than great activity.\\nPHLLOMOJSTOTOPICALNESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 LOCATIVE HABITS.\\nTHE AFFECTION FOR ONE PLACE, OR, HABIT OF BECOMING\\nATTACHED TO ONE SITUATION OR LOCALITY.\\nVertical wrinkles in the forehead above the nose, and no\\noblique curved wrinkles starting near the top of the nose,\\nor in the above wrinkles and curving outwards and up-\\nwards over each eye, with full round cheeks indicate\\nthat you may feel assured that such individuals are\\ninclined to have a home, with the desire to remain in it, if\\npossible.\\nLocative habits have their origin in the protracted con-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "152\\nTHE FACULTIES THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\ntinuance of a settled and uneventful life, combined with the\\naction of two faculties. Consecutiveness large renders the\\npossessor averse to change of any kind, and this form ia\\nalways marked by vertical wrinkles above the nose, and\\nthe other conducive faculty, Acquiesciveness, superadds a\\nmental condition of perfect contentment. The former espe-\\ncially bars the way to any desire for change of place the\\nlatter gives tranquil contentment with the existing state of\\nthings, while continued habit ultimately welds the whole\\ninto settled and unalterable disposition and inclination.\\nTONIKECEPTIONALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 KECEPTION OF TONE.\\nTHE ABILITY OF RECEIVING AND APPRECIATING TONE,\\nOR SOUND.\\nThe round ear which stands well forward and outward\\nfrom the head is well adapted to catch the fine or coarse\\nsounds, and convey the wave motions to the tympanum,\\nof the ear, and especially musical sounds. An ear lying\\nflat on the side of the head, or angular or pointed in form,\\nis not adapted to receive and judge musical tones.\\nTonireceptionality Smaii-\\nJ H. Newman, D.D.\\nTonireceptioaality Large\\nTaniberlik.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n153\\nThe only medium through which musical tones can pos-\\nsibly reach the interior and lend their soothing, cheerful,\\nor hilarious effects to the nerves of the brain, is that of the\\near, and it is natural that the contour of this member\\nshould afford some unmistakable outward indications of\\nthe capacity of the individual for the appreciation and\\nenjoyment of music. This faculty of appreciation and\\nTonirecepfcionality Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe unmusical ear.\\nTonireceptionality Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe ear of Adelina PattL\\nenjoyment consists in its power of collecting and conveying\\nto the auditory nerve by the drum, the sonorous atmos-\\npheric vibrations of which music is made up, and in\\naccordance with the degree of resemblance subsisting\\nbetween the form of the ear and the round curving form of\\nmusic, the individual is endowed with, or deficient in, this\\npower of appreciation. The sound of music is essentially\\nround and rolling. There can be no doubt of this. Other", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "154 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nkinds of noises are square, angular, rough, uneven, or of\\nno describable form at all but musical tones are* certainly\\nround or wavy, and ears constructed on the round and\\nwavy form are certainly better adapted for the reception\\nand appreciation of music than those of the square or irre-\\ngular type.\\nCOJSTCEALATIVENESS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SECKECY.\\nTHE INCLINATION TO HIDE OR WITHHOLD THE KNOWLEDGE\\nOF THINGS OR THOUGHTS; THE INSTINCT NOT TO TELL\\nTHE MOUSE THAT THE CAT IS WATCHING UNTIL THE\\nMOUSE IS CAUGHT.\\nSecretiveness may be known by thin closely compressed\\nlips, hollowed and flexed hands, arched or cat- shaped foot,\\nclosing of the eyes, c. The principle of this faculty is to\\nhold on, its action affects all the flexor muscles of the\\norganization. It may be seen largely developed in the\\nfeline species with the round face, and small in the goose\\nor ox-foot. Flat feet are indicative of small secretiveness.\\nOther signs of this faculty there are such as archness of\\nlook, and a peculiar shy and side-long glance of the eyes.\\nTo conceal is to hide and put away for the purpose of\\nretaining it, any object or thought, and individuals with\\nstrong proclivities in this direction, will be found to possess\\ngreat action in the flexor or closing muscles of the organiza-\\ntion. When these muscles have an excess of development\\nthe entire system will be formed on the plan of conceal-\\nment and in this, as in all other cases, the actions of the\\nindividual are simply in accordance with the nature of hia\\nbodily structure.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 155\\nConcealativeness Small Mr. E. F.\\nSimms, Father of the Author of\\nthis book.\\nConcealativeness Large Miss\\nStuart, of Portland, Oregon.\\nECONOMOSITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ECONOMY.\\nTHE FACULTY OF ECONOMICAL MANAGEMENT.\\nThe broad, square, full face, like Franklin s, is the\\nphysiognomical premonstration of economy.\\nThe inclination to frugal and economical management\\nof affairs is found to be associated with a broad or square\\nface, and is the result of the presence of a broad and sound\\njudgment reflecting itself in the conformation of the face,\\nas well as in a careful and judicious behaviour; the ever\\nrecurring feature of the spirit acting through, and leaving\\nits impress upon, the Physiognomy.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "156\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nCUKVATIVEKESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JUDGMENT OF CUKVES.\\nTHE CAPACITY OF BEING ABLE TO APPRECIATE AND JUDGE\\nOF THE BEAUTIES AND QUALITIES OF CURVES.\\nRelative width behveen the eyes, rounding face, limbs,\\nears, nose, and head, are indications of the faculty of\\ncurvature.\\nCurvativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Miss Harriet C.\\nHosmer, the famous Sculptress.\\nCurvativeness Small Jim, a\\nPiute Indian of Utah Ter.\\nWhen an individual is formed upon the curved or\\ncircular plan, it will always be found that he is possessed\\nof great aptitude for remembering and noting the curves\\nand turns of rivers, roads, c, as well as a capability of\\njudging of them accurately, and with precision. The\\ncurved principle being inherent in his framework, he can\\ndo and judge outside of himself the same kind of work\\nwhich goes to make up the structure within.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 157\\nACCUMULATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DESIBE OF POSSESSION.\\nTHE INTUITIVE TENDENCY OR DISPOSITION TO ACQUIRE.\\nWhenever the face is rather broad in the centre, and rather\\nlong, with a prominent nose, the individual will have the\\ncapacity, if well used, to accumulate.\\nAccumulativeness Large-\\nCommodore Vanderbilt.\\nAccumulativeness Small-\\nA squanderer.\\nThe natural law which manifests itself in the attraction\\nthat one kind of mineral has for an atom of another kind is\\nevery whit as active within the human organization as it\\nis anywhere throughout the range of the universe. The\\nindividual into whose construction there enters a large\\nproportion of earthy or mineral matter, is, as a matter of\\ncourse, an amasser of riches; and where the proportion is\\nabnormal to a large degree, we have the miser, who hoards\\nup his gold, not for the love of anything that gold may\\npurchase, but for the undisguised purpose of gloating over", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "158\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nit, and feasting his eyes with it. On the other hand, the\\nman of spiritual tendencies, being naturally deficient in earthy\\ningredients, has no undue fondness for acquiring riches,\\nand remains poor without discontentment or grumbling.\\nThe signs of those abounding in material desires are given\\nabove under the head of Accumulativeness.\\nMONOEKOTICITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MONOGAMY\\nTHE DISPOSITION TO LOVE ONE ONLY.\\nThe dove or round shape of the eye openings is the most\\nunexceptionable evidence of large mating love.\\nMonoeroticity Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mrs. Margaret\\nFuller Osoli, who preferred to\\ndrown rather than to leave her\\nhusband.\\nMonoeroticity Small Brigham\\nYoung, the noted polygaraist.\\nThe attention is riveted upon the being on whom we\\nhave lavished our love and affection, to the exclusion, for\\nthe time-being, of any other object that may be within\\nthe range of vision, and we find that a tendency to unity", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n159\\nof affection is very generally allied to the possession of the\\nround form of eye which, unlike the form which is long\\nfrom side to side, and adapted for surveying a broad sur-\\nface, is circumscribed in its range, and not likely to see\\nmany objects instead of one. We conclude from this that a\\ntendency to unity of love is the result, not only of oneness\\nof vision, but also of unity of structure, of which round\\neyes, limbs, form, c, c, are only the outward indications.\\nVOLUNTATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WILL.\\nHAVING STRENGTH OF WILL AND POWER TO EXECUTE IT.\\nThe ability of exercising the willy or of forming a pur-\\npose, may be known by the fulness of the posterior part of\\nthe neck, near the point of junction with the head. The\\nneck of George III. of England indicated the strength of\\nwill for which he became notorious, and was the primary\\ncause of the freedom of North America.\\nVoluntativeness Small A Chinese\\nwoman without optative power.\\nVoluntativeness Largi\\nGeorge TIL", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "160 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nThis is embodied in an over-development of the Muscular\\ndepartment, in comparison with the sizes of the other com-\\nponent parts of the body. Now, as contrary action is an\\ninherent principle in the movement of the muscles, the one\\nwith the other, an excess of muscular power is the infallible\\nindication of an inclination to work at cross purposes to\\nthwart and obstruct at every corner and turning of life,\\nwith his own will. The individual is constructed through-\\nout his entire system upon the contrary; and will, or\\nMuscular principle, and his pig-headed disposition is only\\nthe natural outcome of the peculiarity of the structure\\nwithin.\\nMERRINESS.\\nTHE QUALITY OF BEING GAY AND LAUGHING.\\nWrinkles obliquely outwards and downwards from the\\neyes, open lips, and a round large forehead are evidences\\nof large merriness. Mirth also gives an expression of\\nhalf -smile and funny look, and an arch and knowing\\nexpression of countenance.\\nAn excess of indulgence in the merry inclinations will\\nresult in wrinkles stretching obliquely outwards and down-\\nwards from the eyes, and these wrinkles will ultimately\\nassume a fixity of form, and indicate a stratum of past\\nhilarity, as well as give a foretaste of explosions in the\\nfuture. By the same rule, the mouth of an inveterate\\nlaugher will ultimately assume the open form, as if to be\\nprepared for an abrupt emergency, or a sudden outburst, of\\nmirth, and to be ready on all occasions for the performance\\nof its favourite duties. Much laughter also causes a rush of\\nblood to the brain, and thereby gives an inclination to the\\nround, large form of the forehead. The half-formed smile", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n161\\nand amused look lingering on the visage of the laugher, are\\nthe vestiges of previous outbursts of merriment.\\nMerriness Large Thos. C. HaliTnirfcon,\\nSam Slick. Humorous writer\\nof Nova Scotia.\\nMerriness Small Charles I.,\\nwho never laughed after he\\nbecame kins.\\nPKOVIDENTNESS.\\nTHE DISPOSITION TO FORESEE WANTS AND MAKE PROVISION\\nTO SUPPLY THEM.\\nWide hips and full muscles are the distinctive signs of a\\nprovident person. When this characteristic is excessively\\nlarge, it is accompanied with protrusion of the lower part\\nof the face.\\nProvidentness has its origin in strength, guided and regu-\\nlated by a cool and cautious judgment, capable of restraining\\nand purifying passion and unbridled energy. The con-\\njunction of wide hips with largely developed muscles\\ndemonstrate the allied presence of strength and judgment", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "162 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nstrength reposing in the muscles, and width of form bespeak-\\ning breadth of mind, as body and mind bear due proportion\\nto each other.\\nCONTBATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CONTKAKINESS.\\nTHIS QUALITY, OR FACULTY, IN HUMAN BEINGS, IS THAT\\nWHICH GIVES THE DISPOSITION TO ASSUME THE OPPOSITE,\\nAND IN ANIMALS, TO ACT CONTRARY TO THE WISHES OF\\nINDIVIDUALS, EITHER MEN OR ANIMAL.\\nThe capacity of Contrativeness exhibits its indices by\\nwidth through the face, at the angle of the jaws. It i*\\nlarge in the hog and the Hottentot\\nContrativeness very Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Napoleon I. Copied from a cast taken\\nfrom his head after death.\\nContrativeness occupies the same platform with that of\\nVoluntativeness, with this difference, that th^ former is", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n163\\nmore moderate in action, and more considerate than is\\nevinced in the exercise of pure wilL\\nPOLYEROTICITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 POLYGAMY.\\nTHE DISPOSITION TO LOVE MANY.\\nThe amount of love for the opposite sex may be known by\\nthe fulness of the eyes, and its quality by the shape of the\\ncommissures, or opening betiveen the lids of the eyes. When\\nthe opening is quite almond-shaped, promiscuous love\\nprevails in that form if the commissure has great vertical\\nmeasurement, the love is connubial.\\nPolyeroticity Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The eye of\\nMrs. Margaret F. Osoli.\\nPolyeroticity Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The eye of\\nBrisham Young.\\nPolyeroticity Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The head of\\na Hog (Genus Sus.\\nPolyeroticity Small the head of\\na Turtle-dove (Turtur Auritus).", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "164 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nIn the range of Physiognomy everything partakes of a\\nlower nature when built upon the wide and low form, and\\nas eyes that are wide or almond-shaped in their openings\\nhave a less vertical measurement than in cases where the\\nround form predominates, we find the mind putting itself\\nforward by broad channels, as it were, in search of objects\\nof love, and totally regardless of worth in the unfastidious\\nbreadth of its grasp. This exhibition of love is more\\nbestial in its nature, and has little in common with\\nMonoeroticity, which is pure and angelic in its tone.\\nMNEMONIOONOMINALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MEMOEY OF NAMES.\\nTHE MNEMONIC POWER OF RECOLLECTING NAMES.\\nMemory of names manifests itself by a forehead full in\\nthe centre, from the nose to the hair t and a pair of lips full\\n%nd flexible.\\nA fulness of the lips bespeaks the power of catching up\\n^nd reproducing sounds of names, c, which the individual\\nhas heard uttered. A sharpness of the centre of the fore-\\nhead indicates the presence of acute sensations, and that\\nthere, whatever sensations are received are also faithfully\\nretained. Those two combined (if the throat and the other\\nvocal organs be well formed), endow the possessor with the\\nfaculty of faithfully retaining and reproducing the utter-\\nances which are given forth in his presence.\\nOHROMATICALNESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PERCEPTION OF COLOR\\nTHE INNATE QUALITY THAT CLEARLY PERCEIVES AND\\nJUDGES TINTS, HUES, AND COLOURS.\\nA pale or milk colour of eyes, and a livid, white hue to", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n165\\nthe shin, indicate a poor judge of colours. When we find\\nall the bon\u00e2\u0082\u00ac3 of the nose and lower part of the forehead very\\nprominent relatively, as compared with the other portions\\nof the face, the person with such features can readily judge\\ncolour. But, should the centre of the eyebrows be narrow\\nand sunken backwards, the person will be partially, if not\\nentirely colour-blind. Chromato-pseudopts are quite com-\\nmon; as the late Dr. George Wilson, of Edinburgh, while\\ninvestigating the subject, discovered, Out of 1154 persons,\\nwhom he examined, he found that there were over five per\\ncent who were idiopts, or colour-blind.\\nCbromaticaluess Small Wm. Ross,\\nwho is a chromo-pseudop, or\\ncolour-blind.\\nChromaticalness Large Antonio\\nAllegri, or Corregio, a dis-\\ntinguished Italian painter.\\nThe general law or principle upon which the human\\nfaculties are founded is well illustrated in. the matter of\\ncolour, and the power of judging and appreciating shades\\nand hues of colour. The cadaverous, colourless individual is\\nentirely devoid of taste or judgment in the matter of colour,\\nand he is so simply because, by the infallible law of nature,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "166 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nno man can judge, outside of himself, that which does not\\nenter into his own composition.\\nDEMOLITIOUSNESS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INCLINATION TO DESTEOY\\nTHE PROPENSITY TO MAR, DEFACE, OR DESTROY\\nThe low, flat nose, which is particularly wide where the\\nwings of the nostrils join the face; the wide, short ear,\\nbroad foot, deep chest, large neck, heavy jaw, and low fore-\\nhead, are the signs which point out large destructiveness as\\nunerringly as the shadow on the dial indicates the direction\\nof the sun.\\nPeniolitiousness Small B. Gosse, Esq.,\\nof London, who gave indiscriminately\\nto every object regardless of worthi-\\nness, and disliked to destroy any-\\nthing.\\nDemolitiousness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John F.\\nWebster, a murderer and\\nnatural thief, confined for life\\nin the Penitentiary at Jackson,\\nMichigsft, since 1854.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 167\\nDemolitiousness Small Demolitiousness Large\\nThe head of a Hare. The head of a Tiger.\\nTo produce the capacity of destroying, the chief element\\nrequired is strength, and where there is an absence of\\nstrength, there can be no power of destruction. Now, to\\nendow an organization with strength, it is absolutely\\nnecessary that that organization should be constructed on\\nthe wide plan, and therefore the wide form in all depart-\\nments of animal life shews the presence of strength and the\\nfaculty of demolitiousness. To contribute additional strength\\nto a board of wood, the width would naturally be extended,\\nwhile an extension of the length would only contribute\\nto its weakness. Nature certainly conducts her operations\\nwith vastly more intelligence than man, and accordingly\\nwe find her producing strength by widening also, and not\\nlengthening. The carnivora, or the animals that subsist on\\nthe flesh they have killed, require sufficient strength to\\noverpower and kill their prey, and they are therefore built\\non the wide and strong plan throughout. This width is\\nan indication of an excess of muscular power, and being an\\nexcess, it is unbalanced and unguided by a relative share\\nof the other forms, and necessarily demands the slaughter\\nto which it is addicted, on which to expend its superabun-\\ndant Demolitiousness. Each form, in proportion to its\\ndegree of development, contributes its share to the proper\\nreg^ation and government of the whole, and from this", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "168 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\ngeneral rule we may draw the conclusion, that the man is\\nnicely balanced in his desires who has an equal growth of\\neach form; and that the man who is powerfully developed\\nin all is the most happily and usefully constructed.\\nPHLLOKEPIONALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 LOVE OF YOUNG-.\\nTHE CHARACTERISTIC OF FEELING PLEASURE IN THE\\nYOUNG.\\nWatery or moist eyes, and lips thick in the centre, art\\nindicative of the love of children.\\nPhilonepionality Large A loving Italian mother.\\nCostume delta Donna di Marlennetla.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 169\\nThe governing inclinations of any individual may be\\ndiscovered by watching the individual while a certain pro-\\npensity is greatly exerted. The mother, bursting with\\ntenderness for her child, passionately presses her lips to its\\ntiny form. It would therefore be highly analogical to con-\\nclude that love of offspring manifested itself in the lips by\\nkisses, or pathognomy, as well as by physiognomical\\nstrength. To sift the laws of nature to their first origin,\\nand demonstrate why she has placed the sign of Philone-\\npionality in a fulness of the lips, would be a divergence\\nfrom our subject proper, and a raid upon the domain of\\nmetaphysics. Nature causes the production of fruit only\\nwhen there is abundance of juice in the plant, and in like\\nmanner children can only be brought to life when there is\\nan abundance of the vital fluids of life, and in conferring\\nthe power of producing young, she also gives the love of\\noffspring, which is necessary for its preservation during the\\nhelpless years of infancy and youth. Nature makes provi-\\nsion for the preservation of all her vast family during\\nthose early stages, when they can do nothing for their\\nown maintenance in life, and this preserving care we\\nsee in the full lips, caused by the abundant juices, the moist\\neyes, and flowing saliva of the mother.\\nLINGUITIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SPOKEN LANGUAGE.\\nTHE ABILITY TO UTTER ARTICULATE SOUNDS SUCCESSIVELY,\\nIN SUCH A MANNER AS TO CONVEY INTELLIGENCE.\\nProtruding and flexible lips, capacious mouth and jaws,\\nwith a full throat, are determining evidences of large\\nspoken language.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "170 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nLinguitiveness Large JohnB. Gough,\\nthe eminent temperance lecturer.\\nLinguitiveness Small A beau-\\ntiful and intelligent deaf and\\ndumb girl of Illinois.\\nSpeech is produced by the united efforts of mouth,\\nthroat, lips, teeth, tongue, and\\npalate, and the relative sizes\\nand flexibility of these parts may\\nbe taken as evidences of the\\npower of uttering articulate\\nsounds; because that which pro-\\nduces should, and by a law of\\nnature does, bear due relation\\nto that produced in size, shape,\\ntexture, quality, power, elasti-\\ncity, c.\\nLingu itiveness Large A Parrot.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 171\\nPHYSIODELECTATIOUSNESS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PHYSICAL\\nPLEASURE.\\ni HT DISPOSITION AND INCLINATION FOR SENSUAL DELIGHTS.\\n1 \\\\ose who prize most highly sexual pleasures, and devote\\nmost time to their enjoyment, will have a thick under\\neyelid, which croivds up upon the eyes, except in those\\ngiven to indulge in intoxicating beverages, whose loiver\\neyelids in age will fall away from the eyeball, as if tired\\nof their situation, or weary in assisting the eyes to such\\nlow desires; they turn away in disgust from screening\\nthe drunken stare of their degraded owner.\\nPhysiodeleetatiousness Small\\nMarchiouess of Hertford.\\nPhysiodeleetatiousness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Henry\\nVIII.\\nExcessive indulgence in sexual or other physical pleasure\\ncauses the crowding upward upon the eyeball of the under\\neyelid, and the reason is obvious. During the performance\\nof pleasureable acts, the under eyelids are drawn upwards so\\nas almost, if not quite, to close the eye; and much indulgence\\nof this kind has the tendency to cause the eyelid to remain\\npermanently in the position into which it is forced, at a\\ntime when the whole system is wrought up into an intense", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "172 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nstate of nervous excitement. Yet much nervous excite-\\nment will cause the under lids to fall away from tha\\neyeballs in old age, as a result of muscular exhaustion,\\narising from over-excitement of the nerves of sensation.\\nOft repeated acts of the body have a tendency to cause\\nthe parts acted upon to assume permanently the positions\\ninto which they are so often forced. The habits of the\\nindividual become indelibly stamped in readable characters\\nupon his exterior; and reflective people may well look to\\nthese as warnings or guides, as the case may be.\\nCURATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CURATIVE POWER\\nCTJRATIVENESS IS THE FACULTY THAT ENABLES ONE TO ADOPT\\nTHE MEANS AND APPLIANCES NECESSARY FOR THE\\nRESTORATION OF HEALTH OF BODY OR SOUNDNESS OF\\nCONSTITUTION.\\nThe physiognomical evidences of this faculty are, strength\\nof form and healthy vigour of constitution.\\nTo contribute to the health of others we must first be\\nin possession of health ourselves, in accordance with the\\nunfailing law of nature, that we cannot impart that which\\nwe do not possess already. When strong and weak come\\ntogether, there is an imperceptible transference of vital\\nenergy or magnetism from the strong to the weak; and\\nthough the former may not be- conscious of that loss that\\nis soon repaired by the resources of a vigorous constitution,\\nyet none the less does the latter derive benefits wherewith\\nto assist in rebuilding the breaches that have been made in\\nthe constitutional wall. The signs of Curativeness that we\\nhave given above are the signs of health and strength\\nthe panacea that the enfeebled most desire.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 173\\nSOIJCITIKEPUTATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DESIKE OF\\nAPPKOVAL.\\nAN INNATE WISH FOR THE FAVORABLE OPINION AND\\nEXPRESSION OF OTHERS.\\nThin-skinned or red-lipped people are always sensitive\\nto the opinion of others about them. The head turned .a\\nlittle to one side, the voice low and insinuating, courteous\\nand obliging manners, are stable signs of a strong desire\\nof approbation.\\nWhen we find a brain large, joined to a thinness of\\nskin, we may predicate with safety that the possessor is\\nvery sensitive to the influence of external circumstances;\\nand if to these be added a fulness of muscular development,\\nwe have before us the organization most liable to feel the\\naction of both things material and things immaterial, such\\nas adverse opinions, c. The man who is sensitive in one\\ndepartment of his structure is, by the operation of a natural\\nlaw, sensitive in all and we consequently conclude that\\nthin-skinned people as indicated by a redness of the lips\\nare sensitive, not only to material touch, but to anything\\nelse having a tendency to disturb the mental equilibrium.\\nINEXORABLENESS.\\nTHE QUALITY OF BEING INEXORABLE, UNRELENTING,\\nIRRECONCILABLE IN ENMITY.\\nA cross, inexorable look, an aversion to laugh, and a\\nprotruding under-lip beyond the upper, are unmistakable\\nindications of an implacable disposition.\\nThis tendency limns out on the exterior of the Physiog-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "174 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nnomy, a striking picture of what is going on within, and\\nthe labour that is being performed by each and every of\\nthe faculties. A predominance of feelings of this kind\\nInexorableness Small Mary Inexorableness Large An Irish woman\\nF. Scott Siddons. of Edinburgh. A gabbler.\\ngives a cross-grained disagreeable appearance to the fea-\\ntures; a studied avoidance of laughter, which has no\\nsympathy whatever with anything of this kind.\\nCONSECUTIYENESS.\\nTHE CAPABILITY OF APPRECIATING AND PRODUCING\\nPROPOSITIONS IN CONSECUTIVE ORDER.\\nPerpendicular wrinkles in the forehead, immediately\\nabove the nose, and horizontal wrinkles, or a wrinkle, across\\nthe nose, near its junction with the forehead, are unfailing\\neigne of large consecution.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nIK\\nConsecutiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cyrus W. Field, a projector of\\nthe Atlantic Telegraph Cable.\\nWhen the mind is riveted for a continuance of time upon\\none subject, or one set of subjects, the brow at the top of\\nthe nose is naturally\\ndrawn together by the\\ncontraction of the\\ncorrugator supercilii\\nmuscles and if this\\naction be indefinitely\\ni||| prolonged, the final\\nresult will be, that the\\nbrows remain fixed in\\nthe positions so often\\nassumed, with a\\nwrinkle or two of a\\nvertical kind dividing\\nthe series. This is the\\nnatural result of a\\noneness of action, in-\\ndulged in without stint, and, like most of the characteristic\\nConsecutiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A selfish Cat,\\ntaken from life.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "176 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nsigns, it is simply the superabundance of long and oft\\nindulged habit\\nSONIDIFFUSITIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CAPACITY TO SING.\\nTHE CAPACITY OF PRODUCING OR MAKING A SOUND OR\\nMUSICAL TONE WITH THE MOUTH VOCIFERATIVENESS.\\nA full throat, large thorax, open nostrils, and protruding\\nlips, with good length from the point of the nose to the\\npoint of the chin, and full cheeks, are faithful signs of the\\npower to give forth tone, if the ear be round and promi-\\nnent, so that it can first receive the tone.\\nSonidiffusitiveness Small An Irish Sonidiffusitiveness Large Parepa\\npeasant, who could not sound a Rosa, a celebrated singer,\\nnote correctly.\\nThe mouth being the only point of egress throughout\\nthe system from which it is possible to give forth sounds\\nof a musical character, it naturally follows that in the\\nmouth and its concomitants only have we any hope of\\nbeing able to judge, from external appearances at all events,\\nof the capacity of any individual for music. It is utterly", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n17\\nuseless to go elsewhere to look for the outward musical\\nsigns; and if desired to estimate the capacity of a water-\\npipe for the delivery of a certain quantity of water, we\\nmight as reasonably, for that purpose, measure minutely\\nthe size and dimensions of the nearest fence post, as to\\nSonidiffusitiveness Small A Duck.\\nThe flat bill of the duck gives a\\nflat unmusical sound.\\nSonidiffusitiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Canary.\\nThe round beak of the canary\\ngives a round musical sound.\\ninvestigate any other part of the body than the mouth\\nfor an idea of the musical capacity lodged therein. It is,\\ntherefore, by the mouth only and its surroundings, such as\\nthe throat, palate, teeth, tongue, c, that we can judge\\nof the extent of the development of the musical power.\\nDECORATIVENESS.\\nTHE TENDENCY TO ORNAMENT IN A BECOMING OR\\nUNBECOMING MANNER.\\nA full eye, accompanied by arching, thin, long eyebrows,\\nare emblematic of decorativeness.\\nDecorativeness is the faculty that delights in an arrange-\\nment of things so as to constitute an adornment that has", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "178 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\na pleasing and satisfactory effect upon the eye; and it is,\\ntherefore, from the conformation of the eye that we must\\ngather materials for estimating the decorative capacity of\\nDecorativeness Large A Digger, an Indian, of California,\\nadorned for the war dance.\\nthe individual, or his power of appreciation in regard to\\nthe beauties of decoration. That kind of eye that is\\nadapted for taking in at a glance, and comprehending a\\nlarge range of beautiful scenery, will be found invariably\\nto stand out from its sockets, and by reason of this con-\\nformation it can turn conveniently within a great visual\\nrange to take in as much as possible of the thing in which\\nit takes the greatest delight. Thin long eyebrows, again,\\ndenote a fineness of organization capable of judging of,\\nand delighting in, fine objects. We have already shewn\\nthat fullness of the under part of the forehead indicates\\nthe possession of strength of sight, and a conjunction of\\nall of the above varieties allied to comprehension mark\\nthe able and artistic decorator.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 179\\nHUNTATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SEARCHING INCLINATION.\\nTHE DISPOSITION TO SEARCH FOR, OR FOLLOW AFTER, ANY\\nPERSON OR OBJECT.\\nSome of the physiognomical records of this endowment\\nare, fulness in the forehead, immediately above the top of\\nthe nose, good muscular and bony systems, with the head\\ncarried well forward from the body.\\nUnlike the dog, or, at all events, most of the canine\\nspecies, we do not hunt after any object by the sense of\\nsmell, but invariably call in the assistance of the eye; and\\nby one of her unchangeable laws, when nature invests any\\nparticular member with unusual strength, she strengthens\\nthe surrounding parts, as if to lend the\\ngreatest amount of countenance and\\nassistance to the central figure. For\\nexample, a powerful knee is accompanied\\nby a strong leg, and strength of arm is\\nallied to breadth of shoulders and chest.\\nSo also, when an individual is gifted with\\nj? i Huntativeness Larcre\\na great and piercing range of vision, the _ The Chetah or\\neyes are found strongly reinforced by a hunting Leupard of\\nfulness in the immediately overlying por- India and Africa\\ntion of the forehead, and as this conformation of eye and\\naccompanying frontal development are the necessary attri-\\nbutes of a successful hunter, we may conclude that a fulness\\nin the lower forehead, immediately above its junction with\\nthe top of the nose, is at least one sign of such an individual.\\nAnother requisite for a successful hunter is unwavering\\nattention, and the exercise of close attention on the object\\nin pursuit, having the immediate effect of carrying the head\\nin a forward direction, as if to place it as near as possible\\nto the desired goal. We may discern in this projecting\\ncarriage of the head an infallible sign of Huntativeness.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "180 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nSAGACITIVFNESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SAGACITY.\\nSOUNDNESS OF JUDGMENT AND SHREWDNESS ARE CONCOMI-\\nTANTS OF THE FACULTY OF SAGACITIVENESS.\\nThe short, round neck is one of the natural accompani-\\nments of Sagacitiveness. Napoleon I. had an extremely\\nshort neck, his head apparently resting upon his shoulders;\\nand all Europe learned, by sad experience, his overwhelming\\nsagacity.\\nSagacitiveness Large Thomas Parr, who lived to the rare old age\\nof 152 years. At the age of 120 years, he married a second wife,\\nby whom he had issue.\\nThe closer we approach the brain, or seat of sensation, to\\nthe heart and lungs, from which the blood is. derived for\\nthe maintenance of that sensation and the more capacious\\nthe neck and its arteries for conducting the supply of blood\\nto the brain, the more vivid will be the sensations, and the\\nsounder and more critical will be the prompt decisions of\\nthe judgment judgment being the coalition of strength", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINJIPLES. 181\\nSagacitiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Chimpanzee,\\ntaken from life, in the Zoological\\nGardens of London.\\nSagacitiveness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 An\\nOstrich.\\nSajjacitiveiwxw Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 An Asiatic Elephant.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "182 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nwith acuteness of sensation, the one giving the strength\\nand the other the precision for arriving at sound, prompt,\\nand judicious conclusions. A large brain gives rapid and\\nstrong sensations large heart and lungs give strength and\\naccordingly, when brain and thorax are near each other,\\nand connected by capacious and smoothly- working canals,\\nwe have the conjoint result of shrewdness\\nTBADATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PKONENESS TO TRADE.\\nTHE TENDENCY TO TRADE AND BARTER.\\nA wide rounding jaw, plump, short, elastic, and\\nspringy person, always very active, are symbols of a\\ntrading tendency.\\nT 1 adativeness Large Jacob Strawn, the great farmer and cattto\\ndealer of Illinois.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 183\\nThose who are formed on the muscular plan, with\\nmoderately sized bones that will admit of an easy change\\nTradativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. T. Glover, a dry goods merchant\\nof Quebec.\\nof place are adapted for the acquirement of money and\\nother kinds of property, and are consequently the very\\npeople to succeed as merchants or tradesmen. A wide\\njaw indicates the presence of predacious energy, and this\\nis an important element in the composition of a successful\\ntrader.\\nADAPTATIVEKESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 APPKOPKIATIVENESS.\\nTHE FACULTY WHICH PERCEIVES AND DETERMINES THE\\nFITNESS OF PERSONS OR THINGS FOR EACH OTHER.\\nA long narrow chin that reaches well forward is the\\nsign of appropriateness; and the individual possessing\\nlargely this disposition, will be a good judge of the adapta-\\nHon of one thing or person to another.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "184 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PE1NCIPLES.\\nAdaptativeness Large Thomas Cook and Wife, who were well adapted\\nto live together, for one was as avaricious as the other was miserly.\\nWhen the chin stretches well forward, it will be found\\nthat in accordance with the law of correspondence the\\nwhole of the perpendicular range of the face will also\\nhave a projecting tendency, and as these parts of the\\nface are indicative of sensation, on account of the greater\\nnumber of sensations being situated relatively in the\\ncentre of the face, as those of taste, smell, and sight; this\\nportion, when full, would denote great sensational quickness\\nwhich is requisite for determining the fitness of persons 01\\nobjects for each other.\\nAlvan Clark, an American mechanician who formerly worked as a\\nportrait-painter, but is chiefly distinguished as the telescope manufacturer,\\nhas a studious, thoughtful, and industrious face which is far more mechan-\\nical than artistic.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nC L .A. S S TV\\nTHE COGNIZANT CAPACITIES.\\nTHE FOURTH CLASS OF CAPACITIES BEING LARGE, THE\\nOSSEOUS OR BONY FORM WILL BE FOUND PREDOMI-\\nNANT IN THAT PERSON.\\nDISCEIMINATIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DISCKIMINATING\\nCAPACITY:\\nTHE FACULTY WHICH DISCERNS AND JUDGES THE DIFFER-\\nENCE OR RESEMBLANCE OF OBJECTS OR IDEAS.\\nThe nose that seems divided at the point into a right and\\nleft part, and has a firm appearance, and a fulness of the\\nlower broiv, should not be passed by when looking for signs\\nof discrimination.\\nDiscriminativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 L-nnseus,\\na celebrated Swedish Naturalist.\\nDiscriminativeness Small-\\nA Chinese woman.\\nThe first element of discrimination is the proper survey of\\nthe object by means of the eye, and it is in and around the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "186\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\neye, therefore, that we must look for the signs of discern-\\nment or discrimination of objects. Fulness over and around\\nthe eye denotes strength of comprehension A division at\\nthe tip of the nose indicates a double or very powerful\\norganization in the direction of strength of mind, and the\\nstronger the mind, the greater power does it possess of\\nanalysis and discrimination.\\nSTKUCTUKODEXTERITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MECHANICAL\\nTALENT.\\nTHE ABILITY OF FORMING AND CONSTRUCTING, READILY AND\\nDEXTEROUSLY, MATERIALS OR MENTAL PRODUCTS.\\nSquare faces with the bony form slightly in the ascend-\\nancy are the requisite physical indications of a good\\nmechanic.\\nStructurodexterity Large James\\nWatt, the celebiated Inventor\\nand M\u00c2\u00abcA\u00c2\u00abm\\\\;iai\u00c2\u00a3.\\nStructurodexterity Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 P. T.\\nBarnum, who said he never\\ncould whittle a barrel tap round.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 187\\nThe main characteristics of mechanical labour are the\\nmanipulation of solid material into angles and straight\\nlines, and it is therefore not surprising to find that those\\nwho are constructed on the straight or angled form, and\\ninto whose construction there enters a predominance of the\\nhard or bony material, should prove the best adapted for\\nwork of this kind. As a general rule, the light-haired man\\ndoes not succeed as a worker in iron, and this arises simply\\nfrom the deficiency of iron ingredients in the composition\\nof his frame; while, on the other hand, the dark-haired,\\nswarthy man, in virtue of the nature of the construction\\nof his body, is eminently adapted for such, work, the iron\\nwhich he receives into his frame from his daily occupation\\nagreeing with him, and failing to produce the bad conse-\\nquences which would accrue to his brother of the light-\\nhaired form, after a protracted continuance in work for\\nwhich he is constitutionally unsuited.\\nOKDINIPHYSICALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PHYSICAL AKKANGE-\\nMENT.\\nTHE DESIRE TO ARRANGE PHYSICAL SUBSTANCES OR\\nATTRIBUTES.\\nCompressed lips of medium thickness, regular and rather\\nthin well-defined features, accompanied with a systematic\\nand regular pendulation of the hands, as well as precision\\nand regularity of step, are unmistakable signs of material\\norder. The language of physical order is an impulse to\\narrange articles so that they may bear due and systematic\\nrelation to each other.\\nWhenever it appears that nature has arranged in lines\\nand orderly method the different parts of the body, so as", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "188 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nto produce regular and systematic action throughout, the\\nindividual will be endowed with a large manifestation of\\nOrdiniphysicality Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Edwin Booth,\\nwho is remarkable for the arrange-\\nment of material objects.\\nOrdiniphysicality Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A\\ndisorderly Flat-head Indian.\\nOrdiniphysicality, in accordance with the law of nature\\nwhich ordains that man must act in unison with the general\\ncharacter of his structure.\\nANCHJLARITIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PERCEPTION OF AN-\\nGLES AND LINES.\\nTHE ABILITY OF APPRECIATING THE QUALITIES AND\\nBEAUTIES OF ANGLES AND STRAIGHT LINES.\\nAngular form of ear, nose, malar or cheek-bones, brows,\\nknuckles, knees, and every part of the human structure\\ncannot be mistaken by a natural Physiognomist as the\\nhieroglyphics of Angularity.\\nLarge bones of an angular conformation naturally endow\\nthe possessor with a just understanding of angles and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n139\\nstraight lines, whether manifested in fellow beings or in\\nmaterial objects; this law being in strict accordance with\\nAngularitiveness Small Edward\\nV. of England, born 1470,\\nsmothered with his brother in\\nthe Tower of London in 1483.\\nAngularitiveness Large An old\\nCardinal, who was quite eccen-\\ntric and angular.\\nthe elements of correspondence and fitness, the principles\\non which the capacity rests.\\nBENEFICENTNESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BENEFICENCE.\\nTHE INCLINATION TO DO GOOD.\\nThe long face joined to a receding forehead and a\\nprominent nose, are nature s intimation of a naturally\\nbeneficent individual. Peter Cooper has the above form\\nof features, and he annually educates several hundred\\nchildren free of cost in the city of New York,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "190\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nBeneficentness Large Peter Cooper,\\nthe Founder of Cooper Institute.\\nBeneficentness Small An Austra-\\nlian man.\\nBefore it is possible for an individual to do good, it is\\nabsolutely necessary that he should possess the qualification\\nof goodness himself; and an indispensable condition of the\\npossession of this quality of goodness, is, that the nobler\\naspirations should predominate over selfish and animal\\ndesires. On the law, therefore, that elevation of mind\\nbears with it elevation of features, we rest the principle of\\nBeneficentness. See the signs of Beneficentness above.\\nDECISIVENESS.\\nTHE FACULTY OF PUTTING AN END TO CONTROVERSIES OR\\nDOUBTS, BY AN ASSERTION, AN IRREFRAGABLE FACT,\\nOR ARGUMENT.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 191\\nProminent and well defined features, in connection with\\na large active Brain form, are nature s records in favour\\nof decision of character.\\nDecisiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Montesquieu, a\\nFrench philosopher and publicist;\\npossessed of great decision and\\nintegrity of character.\\nDecisiveness Small Louis W\\nJackson, an ignorant hireling,\\nwho murdered a man in Illinois\\nfor five hundred dollars.\\nThe reason why prominent features, accompanied with\\na large active brain, are the index of the possession of\\ndecisiveness of character, is because, while the latter is\\nadapted for receiving vivid impressions, and founding\\nstrong opinions thereon, the former denotes the element of\\nstrength and executive force, without which the formation\\nof strong opinions is not possible.\\nOBSERVATIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 OBSERVATION.\\nTHE QUALITY OR DISPOSITION TO LOOK CLOSELY AND\\nWITH RIGID CARE AT EVERY OBJECT.\\nFull long arching eyebrows, which are lowered down\\nclose to the eyes, are the visible physiognomical expression", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "192 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nof a desire and capacity for observation. Darwin is an\\nexcellent example of large observation.\\nObservativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Charles Darwin, the Author of The\\nOrigin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, and several\\nother valuable works.\\nIn looking intently at any object of curiosity or inquiry,\\nthe eyebrows are drawn down and crowd around the eyes,\\nin order to shut out more than the exact amount of light\\nthat is necessary. Long practice in action of this kind will\\nultimately have the effect of inducing the muscles called so\\nfrequently into action permanently to assume their eagerly\\nobservant position, and to be permanently ready for the\\nperformance of the duties to which they have been accus-\\ntomed so frequently to recur.\\nPERSISTENACITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PERSEVERANCE.\\nTHE DISPOSITION OF HOLDING ON, THE PROPENSITY TO\\nPURSUE A COURSE OF DESIGNS OR CONDUCT.\\nThe body or ramus of the lower jaw, when long, may", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 193\\nsafely be considered the certain evidence of remarkable\\nperseverance: This faculty is large in the bull-dog,\\nand small in the fox and wolf\\nPersistenacity very Large In\\nconfirmation of an examina-\\ntion of this gentleman by the\\nAuthor, he said, I have\\nlost thousands of dollars by\\nmy excessive Persistenacity.\\nPersistenacity very Small-Johnny, who\\ncould not persevere in any under-\\ntaking sufficiently to succeed.\\nThe long under jaw indicates tenacity of purpose, inas-\\nmuch as the formation shews the presence of great strength\\nPersistenacity Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A prairie Wolf, Persistenacity Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Bull-dog\\nor Coyote.\\nto hold on with the jaws when once they seize an object,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "194\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nand nature inclines the possessor to exercise whatever\\nstrength may be possessed. Whenever the jaws indicate\\nthat the disposition to hold on is good, that character\\nwill permeate every fibre of the entire being, as the faculty\\nis general in that form. With this strength to hold on,\\nthere is also perseverance or persistency, sticking like a\\nleech to any project until success has crowned the effort.\\nA Kentucky negro once gave me a very good definition\\nof this capacity of leech-like tenacity perseverance: his\\nidea being that it was to seize right hold and neber let\\ngo no more.\\nRECTITUDITIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 RECTITUDE.\\nTHE FACULTY THAT INCITES HONESTY OF PURPOSE AND\\nSTRAIGHTFORWARDNESS OF CONDUCT.\\nSquare bones, a bony chin, prominent cheeh-bones, and\\neyes which are at right angles to the mesial line of the face,\\nor which cut straight across the face, are signs of honesty\\nof PURPOSE.\\nRectituditiveness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Tetzel,\\nthe dishonest face.\\nRectituditiveness Large\\nAndrew Jackson, the honest face.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLE.\\n195\\nSquare and prominent bones conjoined to eyes that cut\\ndirectly across the vertical line of the face, are distinctive\\nmarks of Eectituditiveness; and this is the case in virtue\\nof the character of the structure; because, wherever the\\nsquare-boned form predominates, the individual is\\nEectituditiveness Small Lizzie\\nSmith, a notorious pickpocket\\nof the city of New York.\\nEectituditiveness Large William\\nTyndale, a translator of the\\nBible, and martyr for the same.\\npelled, by a natural law, to act in accordance with his\\nstructure, and go straight and clear at his object. He\\ncannot arrive at anything by devious or crooked ways, that\\nbeing a mode of action entirely foreign to his nature, and\\nhis bones being on the straight-angled plan, he must act\\nin accordance. Rectitude is derived from the Latin, rectus,\\nstraight, and rectitude is therefore the capacity of going\\nstraight, and according to the recognized and open methods\\nin common usage in whatever state of society the individual\\nmay be placed.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "196\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nCOMPUTATIONUMERICALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 NUMERICAL\\nCOMPUTATION.\\nSKILL IN COUNTING AND RECKONING.\\nWhenever we observe the outward extremities of the eye-\\nbrows running towards the top of the ears, or horizontally\\nbackwards, it is a sure sign of a quick, ready calculator;\\nbut when the external terminus of the brows curve down-\\nwards to, or towards the malar bone, as in Lord Lyttleton,\\nit is a trustworthy indication that the person thus facially\\nmarked sadly lacks the ability to perform accurate numeri-\\ncal calculations.\\nComputationumericality Small Lord\\nGeo. Lyttleton, an eminent historian\\nof England, who was unable to\\nmaster the Multiplication Table, or\\nany of the common rules of Arith-\\nmetic.\\nComputationumericality Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThos. Allen, a scholar in the\\nreign of Queen Elizabeth, the\\nfirst Mathematician of his day.\\nThe instinctive drawing together and downwards of the\\ninterior portion of the eyebrows, as it is the facial position\\nassumed when one is in close numerical thought, shews\\nan inclination to a precision or exactness of thought which", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 197\\nis indispensable to the study of Mathematics and the exact\\nsciences; and when we find that long-continued habit has\\nresulted in fixity of position, we may predicate of the\\nindividual that he possesses the capacity for this kind oi\\n3xact thought in a high degree.\\nSOLIDATIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JUDGMENT OF DENSITY.\\nTHE POWER THAT JUDGES OF SOLIDITY OR COMPACTNESS.\\nWhen density is large, it reveals itself by a firm, quick\\nstep, and a vjell balanced gait; and in the face it betrays\\nitself by a quiet, steady, thoughtful expression of the eyes.\\nThe man who is built on the solid or compact plan, is\\nnaturally well adapted for judging of anything into which\\nthe elements of solidity and compactness enter; because,\\nhaving a high development of these qualities within him-\\nself, he can judge outside of himself that which he possesses\\ninside, and the signs above given are only the expressions\\nof a dense organization.\\nSUGGESTIVENESS.\\nTHE POWER OF FURNISHING PRACTICAL ASSISTANCE OB\\nDIRECTION.\\nThe annexed engraving of Mr. Holcraft, of California,\\nin which the septum of the nose is long at the place to which\\nthe index finger points, indicates an unusual amount of\\nSUGGESTIVE FERTILITY OF MIND,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "198 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nWhen the nose is longer in the septum, or its central\\nportion, than in the aleque nasi, or wings of the nostrils,\\nwe have the evidence of the presence of a desire of doing\\ngood, and here suggestion is only offering practical aid in\\nthought and words. The forms that partake of the long,\\nslim-like grass, or pine and\\nfir tree, have for the aim\\nof their existence the fur-\\ntherance of the good of\\nothers, rather than their\\nown; whereas those of a\\nshort, squat, and thick\\nbuild, live first and fore-\\nmost for self, although, in\\nthe da}^s of their old age and\\nrepentance, they may take to\\ncharities, alms-giving, cari-\\ntas, beneficentia, benevolen-\\ntia, c\u00e2\u0080\u009e for the still selfish\\npurpose of squaring their\\naccounts with Heaven.\\nWhen the central range of\\nthe face is full, in a vertical line with the nose, the possessor\\nwill delight in succouring others; but when the sides of the\\nface are full, so as to produce a general roundness, self is the\\nsole passion of the individual.\\nSuggestiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Holcraft,\\nof California.\\nCHARAOTERXOSCOPICITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PERCEPTION OF\\nCPIARACTER.\\nTHE ENDOWMENT WHICH GIVES THE POWER OF PENETRATING\\nAND UNDERSTANDING THE CHARACTER OF OTHERS.\\nProminence of the frontal bone immediately over the\\ninner corner of the eye, together with a prominent and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n199\\nlov nose, are unfailing evidences of keen perception oj\\ncharacter.\\nCbaracterioscopicity Large J. B.\\nPorta, a learned mathematician\\nand Neapolitan writer, author of\\nworks on Physiognomy, Natural\\nHistory, Optics, Hydraulics, and\\nAgriculture. He was the inven-\\ntor of the Camera bscura. Born\\nat Naples in 1540, where he\\ndied in 1615.\\nCharacterioscopicity Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. J.\\nG. Lavater, a SwLss Poet, and\\nauthor of several works on Physi-\\nognomy. He was a talented Divine,\\nand became pastor of the Church\\nof St. Peter, at Zurich. His works\\nhave been translated into several\\nEuropean languages. Born at\\nZurich in 1741, where he died in\\n1801.\\nIn order to possess the qualification in a high degree for\\ndetecting strength and weakness of character, it is necessary\\nto inherit or acquire habits of close observation, and this\\nendowment is indicated b}^ a fulness of the frontal bone,\\nimmediately over the inner corner of the eye. The close\\nobserver must also have all his senses fully on the alert, and\\npossess the essential element of caution, to avoid drawing\\nerroneous conclusions, and this latter indispensable qualifi-\\ncation is indicated by length of nose. A high development\\nof the frontal bone, accompanied by sufficient length of\\nnose, is therefore the index to power of reading and analys-\\ning character.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "200 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nA MIOITIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FKIENDLINESS.\\nTHE FRATERNAL DISPOSITION AND GREGARIOUS INCLINATION.\\nA broad forehead and open eye are evidential of true\\nfriendship.\\nAmicitiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mrs Lydia H. Amicifciveness Small Catharine\\nSigourney, a talented authoress II., who possessed great intellec-\\nand faithful friend to woman. tual powers, gross passions, and\\nwas void of amity.\\nThe forehead expansive and indicative of largeness of\\nbrain, is strong evidence of acuteness of sensation, whether\\nthat sensation be produced by friends or by other causes,\\nand a man thus endowed is more capable of receiving strong\\nsensations of friendship, and of recollecting friends for a\\nlonger time than in forms of a different nature. An open,\\nfearless eye bespeaks an open communicative person, ever\\nresponsive to the genial influence of companionship, while\\nconcealment and reserve are to amicitiveness what sterility\\nand drought are to vegetation, shrinking, withering, and\\nshrivelling up the germs of life and vivacity.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n201\\nORIGINS TIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ORIGINALITY.\\nTHE POWER OF PRODUCING SOMETHING NEW, UNLIKE ANY-\\nTHING PREVIOUSLY EXISTING.\\nCoarse, large features, such as a large nose, well raised\\nfrom the plane of the face, ample mouth, wide cheek-\\nbones, and a strong look, rather than a fine and effeminate\\nface, are indications of originality of mind. Professor\\nMorse, the inventor of the Electric Telegraph, was a good\\nexample of originality.\\nOriginativeness Large -Professor S. F. B. Morse, the inventor\\nof the Electric Telegraph.\\nTo discover new modes of thought, and to strike out\\nupon fresh felds and pastures new, require great strength,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "202\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nand the physiognomical indications which we have given\\nabove are only marks of this strength of mind which is\\nnecessary. To follow a beaten thoroughfare requires little\\nOriginativeness Small Geo. IV., a servile follower of fashions,\\nand the practices of the demireps of his time.\\nsffort and strength in comparison to the exertion necessary\\nto break through hedges or forests, and establish a new\\nroute. This same requisition for strength is ever presenting\\nner demands upon him who ignores the old ruts, scales\\nwalls, and dashes across streams impassable to the weak, in\\nquest of new fancies and original thoughts.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 203\\nMENSURATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DISCERNMENT OF MAG-\\nNITUDE.\\nTHE PERCEPTION OR FACULTY WHICH PERCEIVES AND\\nJUDGES OF MEASUREMENTS.\\nA general fulness across the lower forehead, long eye-\\nbrows, with a tony and square face, are excellent assur-\\nances of capability in recognizing and judging of\\nmagnitude or distance.\\nWWmv\\nMensurativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. J. Q. A. Ward, Sculptor.\\nTo measure and estimate anything by observation re-\\nquires great strength of observance, and it is in that part\\nof the head near the eyes, and in the eyes, that this strength\\nresides, and it is by the degree of this crowding around the\\neye that we are enabled to judge of the powers and accuracy\\nof observation on the part of any individual. A preponder-\\nance of bony material in the face, conjoined to the frontal\\npeculiarities which we have just mentioned, shew the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "204\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\ncapacity of accurate measurement by a glance, because the\\ningredients are already within the system, and strength oi\\neye is ready to assist the judgment.\\nPERTINACIOUSNESS.\\nTHE QUALITY OF BEING PERVERSE OF PURPOSE, AND\\nPERTINACIOUS OF OPINION.\\nThe power of oesttnacy manifests itself by relative length\\nin the limb of the jaw.\\nPertinaciousness Large Charles XII.\\nof Sweden, the most stubborn ruler\\nof Europe, called the madman of\\nthe North.\\nPertinaciousness Small Pdstori,\\na talented actress in the Italian\\nlanguage.\\nThe bone element being one of absence of movement or\\ninertia, where largely developed, and under excitement, we\\nhave obstinacy, stiffness, or inertia of character. Now,\\nlength in the limb of the jaw being an unfailing accompani-\\nment of this form, we may take it as the true index of the\\namount of Pertinaciousness present.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 205\\nPertinaciousness Small The head\\nof a hunting Horse.\\nPertinaciousness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The head\\nof an Ass.\\nTEMPOEIMECIIANICALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 JUDGMENT OF\\nMECHANICAL MOTION.\\nTHE ABILITY TO JUDGE OF TIME MADE BY INSTRUMENTS,\\nMECHANICAL APPLIANCES, OR DIRECT MOTIONS.\\nMechanical time is known to a physiognomist hy a\\nsquareness of the face, joined with a large numerical\\ncapacity (See signs of Computationumericality).\\nTemporimechanicality Small\\nA Chinese girl.\\nTemporimechanicality Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Duke\\nof Wellington. Taken from a bust in\\nthe Gallery of Art in Edinburgh.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "206\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nMechanical time is the result of the blending of two\\nfaculties, which produce a new faculty. A slight predo-\\nminance of bony structure gives the mechanical element,\\nand the round or circular form gives the quality of time.\\nThe conjunction of the two is termed Temporimechanicality\\na faculty of the highest usefulness to the possessor.\\nPKACTICALITIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PKACTICALITY.\\nTHE QUALITY OF BEING PRACTICAL, MAKING A GOOD USE\\nOF EVERYTHING.\\nReceding foreheads are never found except on persons\\nof great practical inclinations. Dr. John Hunter,\\nwhose genius, cultivated taste, and profound research have\\nplaced him among the most eminent philosophers and\\nscholars of his time, had a low, receding forehead. He\\nremarked that his first consideration of a subject was in\\nregard to its practical usefulness, and that, if considered\\nimpractical, he abandoned it for ever.\\nPractical! tiven ess Small Thomas\\nD Urfey, a facetious and imprac-\\ntical English poet.\\nPracticalitiveness Large C. M.\\nWieland, an elegant and learned\\nwriter and poet of Germany.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 207\\nThe brain being that part of the frame which denotes\\nthe capacity for sensation, it follows that that part nearest\\nthe visual organs would shew the strength of the sensa-\\ntions most nearly connected with the departments of sight\\nor practical life; and thus, by the fulness of the forehead\\nover the eyes, we estimate the degree of approach to the\\npractical form.\\nEEVEEENTIALNESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 EEVEEBNOR\\nTHE STATE OF AWE, HIGH REGARD, SUBMISSION, AND FELT\\nRESPECT EXHIBITED FOR GOD AND MANKIND.\\nA low coronal region, and a high superior front head, and\\neyes which naturally turn upwards on meeting another s\\ngaze, indicate large respect; but when they stare boldly into\\nthe eyes of fellow kind, and care not to turn their glance,\\nand when it seems to require effort to do so, it indicates\\nsmall reverence and no respect.\\nNo part of the human structure acts so obedient and\\nsubmissive a part as the bony element. It has no wilful\\nmotion of its own to prefer to that which it receives and\\nobeys from the other parts of the body. It is set in motion\\nonly in obedience to the high behests of muscle, brain,\\nthorax, or abdomen, and while life exists it never refuses\\nto act upon the impulses which are received from these\\ncentres of action. Submission and respectful obedience to\\nthe will of God or laws of man being the sum and substance\\nof Reverentialness, and the bones being that part of the\\nbodily structure which most strictly embodies that action,\\nwe conclude by analogy that a predominance of bone is\\nan indication of the presence of diffidence, dependence, and\\nrespectful submission, which cause the eyes to turn upward", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "208 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nor away from the rude stare of another. We have power-\\nful auxiliaries to this reasoning in the facts that there are\\nno animals so submissive to man as the large-boned ones,\\nsuch as the horse, ass, ox, camel, c. while, on the other\\nhand, none are more aggressive and less submissive than\\nthose of the largely developed Muscular form, such as the\\nlion, tiger, leopard, panther, puma, lynx, rhinoceros, hippo-\\npotamus, all of which have muscles in abundance, rounding\\noff every bone in contradistinction to the horse kind, which\\nexhibit the hip and other bones standing out in salient\\npoints, and which are generally submissive and obedient\\nto their owners. The feline, with the pachydermatous\\nspecies already mentioned, display no weak reverence for\\nman, but will savagely stare him in the face, with an\\nimpudence and a ferocity which is as much removed from\\nthe respectful attitude of the other species, as night is\\nremoved from day. We have thus conclusive evidence that\\nthe bony form is essentially the form of Revereutialness and\\nrespectful submission.\\nHumbert L King of Italy, may be classed among- the few rulers who\\nare popular with their poor subjects.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES,\\nO L A. S S V,\\nTHE ELEYATIYE ENDOWMENTS.\\nTHE ENDOWMENTS OF THIS CLASS ARE LARGE WHEN THE\\nBRAIN AND NERVE FORM PREDOMINATES.\\nOBDINIMENTALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MENTAL SYSTEM.\\nTHE QUALITY OR ENDOWMENT THAT INCLINES ONE TO\\nARRANGE AND SYSTEMATIZE THOUGHTS OR IDEAS.\\nMental order gives its indication in Physiognomy by a\\nsquare head and forehead, with a prominent, straight\\nnose.\\nOruinimentality Large Ambrose\\nPare, the most celebrated of\\nthe old French surgeons.\\nOrdinimentality Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ratasse,\\nPrince of Madagascar.\\nTo be capable of arranging and classifying our thoughts\\nand impressions according to system and method, it is\\no", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "210 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nabsolutely necessary that harmony of arrangement should\\nfirst exist in our bodily structure; because the mind and\\nbody through which those thoughts and impressions require\\nto be elaborated and perfected must stand in harmonious\\nrelationship the one with the other, the one being\\nthe instrument of the other. A man having an auger\\nwherewith to bore a hole in a piece of wood cannot,\\nby any possibility, accomplish the boring of a hole larger\\nthan the diameter of the auger he is using; and in like\\nmanner he cannot accomplish anything which his instru-\\nment, the body, is incompetent to perform, however much\\nhe may yearn and long after greater results. If the struc-\\nture of the body is arranged with harmony and system, the\\nmind is capable of harmonious and efficient action, in\\nproportion to the extent to which these qualities are\\ndeveloped in his body, and no further. If the bodily\\nstructure is deficient in these desiderata, it is idle to\\nstrive after anything not in accordance with this deficienc;\\nof structure.\\nPRESCIENCE.\\nTHE FACULTY THAT ANTICIPATES AND GIVES KNOWLEDGE\\nOF EVENTS BEFORE THEY TAKE PLACE.\\nPrescience is most readily discovered by its producing\\na dreamy eye, and bending the entire body forwards, imme-\\ndiately at the armpits.\\nPrescience is the faculty of arriving at accurate con-\\nclusions regarding the events looming in the future. The\\ndreamy eye indicates the disposition to gaze inquiringly\\ninto the future, and as in those cases the waking dreams are\\ngenerally about as shadowy and evanescent as the visions", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "211\\nsuperinduced by sleep, a protracted waking indulgence in\\nreverie ultimately gives a permanent dreamy expression to\\nthe eye. Another indication of a propensity for peering\\ninto the future, is the form bent forward from the armpits\\nupwards, as if to advance that part of the body in the\\ndirection to which the thoughts are continually tending;\\nand this position is assumed quite as naturally as that\\nassumed by trees, in obedience to the breezes with which\\nthey are fanned. The mind being the master and con-\\ntroller of the body, the latter may be warped by the former\\ninto any position by continuance and recurrence of action\\nin one direction. Men who attain a weight of years in\\nthe incessant contemplation of things to come invariably\\nassume this posture of anticipation in advance.\\nSUSCEPTIBLENESS.\\nSUSCEPTIBILITY OF BEING INFLUENCED BY SURROUNDINGS.\\nLarge eyes, sharp features, quick step, with sudden move-\\nments of the head, indicate an excitable nature.\\nSusceptibleness Small Charles\\nJamesFox, a distinguished Eng-\\nlish statesman and crato*.\\nSusceptibleness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Elwe?,\\na miser of London, who died worth\\nhalf a million sterling.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "21:\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nA large Brain and highly developed Nerve form are indis-\\npensable to a high degree of susceptibility, because these\\nare the seats of the higher powers of sensation, without\\nwhich it is impossible to be to any great extent suscep-\\ntible to external influences, and it is necessary also to have\\nthe Bone form large and angular in shape, so as to produce\\na framework angular and easily excited.\\nMENTIMITATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MENTAL IMITATION,\\nTHE POWER THAT COPIES MENTAL EFFORTS.\\nSuperior width across the top of the forehead, when com-\\npared with the rest of the face, can safely be considered an\\nindication that that person desires to copy, and is capable\\nof imitating the intellectual and worthy efforts of\\nothers.\\nMentimitativeness Large-\\nElizabeth Canning.\\nMentimitativeness Small\\nMary Squires, the gipsy.\\nTo estimate the capacity of power of sensation, we take\\nthe w r idth and size of the brain in its upper part as com-\\npared to the remaining facial development of the individual,\\nand as it is impossible to imitate a thought unless we have", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n213\\nthe powers of receiving a vivid impression of it, those who\\nhave a large development of the form indicated above,\\nalone have the power in any great degree of imitating\\nthought.\\nAFFABLENESS.\\nCOMPLACENCY OF DISPOSITION WITH THE NATURAL CONSE-\\nQUENCES, INVITING MANNERS, WITH EASE AND ELEGANCE\\nIN CONVERSATION.\\nA long thin neck in mankind will ever testify as indi-\\ncative of affability; while a short-necked person will\\ncare little for grace or affability of manners.\\nAiTableness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rulof,\\n\\\\xmg at Binghamton for\\nmurder in 1871.\\nAffableness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mrs. Josephine A.\\nProsch, a talented elocutionist of the\\ncity of New York.\\nAffability is a desire to be pleasing to others, with the\\nview of producing in them a like state of feeling, and s", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "214 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\ncontributing to the enjoyment of the first by the reflex\\naction of his own affability. Self-sufficient and indepen-\\ndent people have short necks as the outward sign of their\\ndeficiency in affability, and by reason of this they are not\\nprone to bowing or rendering themselves agreeable by\\ndemonstration of this kind; while on the other, those of\\nan opposite disposition are furnished with longer necks,\\nwhich naturally adapt them for obeisance and submission\\nin the presence of others.\\nSALITIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WIT.\\nTHE POWER OF SEIZING ON THOUGHTS AND OCCURRENCES\\nAND PRESENTING THEM IN A LAUGHABLE MANNER, CHIEFLY\\nDEPENDING ON QUICKNESS OF FANCY.\\nTrue wit is nature to advantage dressed;\\nWhat oft was thought, but ne er so well expressed.\\nA face very wide in the upper portion, and tapering\\ndownwards like an inverted pear or pyriform, always\\ndenotes the very witty person, provided the health is good\\nand no bad habits exhaust the vitality.\\nThe face of expansive width in its upper, and narrowing\\nproportions in its lower hemisphere, shews the predomin-\\nance of vivid sensations, which are forced by natural\\npressure, and with increasing vivacity downward to find\\nan outlet at the mouth, or still farther downwards through\\nthe arm and hand to the pen. Those condensed currents\\ncomprise the thing we call wit, and the happy and joyous\\nsurprises which its exercise affords in others is only the\\nreflection of the vivid reality having its origin within\\nourselves.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 215\\nSalitiveness Small Ute Indian, of\\nSalt Lake, aa witless as a dry\\nstump.\\nSalitiveness Large Mark Twain,\\nauthor of Innocents Abroad, and\\nseveral other amusing works.\\nSUBLIMITASITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ADMIRATION OF THE\\nSUBLIME.\\nTHE EXPANSIVE SWELLING OF THE SOUL THAT APPRECIATES\\nTHE ELEVATED GRANDEUR OF NATURE AS WELL AS THE\\nELEVATING, LOFTY EXPRESSION OF THOUGHT AND FEEL-\\nING. ALL THAT EXPANDS THE SPIRIT YET APPALS.\\nThis quality or faculty of the mind largely abounds in\\na fine organization in which the upper portion of the\\nface is larger and wider than the lower. Also the towering\\nform, if well cultivated mentally, indicates nobleness of\\ncharacter.\\nAlone of all the animal kingdom man maintains a\\nposture erect and towering to heaven; and he alone is\\ncapaHo of lofty aspirations and of ennobling contemplation.\\nArgiv g a priori, we naturally conclude that the form", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "216 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nwhich is large in the upper portion and relatively small\\nbelow, is the most capable of dwelling upon the more\\nexalted themes, and of rearing his soul upwards free from\\nthe grossness of material existence and by the same\\nreasoning we find, that where a man is formed upon the\\nopposite plan with his richest development in the grosser\\nportion of his body, his character is upon a par with the\\nstructure of his body. Like the hog, which he resembles\\nin form, his mind never soars far above the gratification\\nof his selfish desires. The grossness of his body seems\\nto crush out and annihilate anything better that would\\nelse take root, and by continued and close association\\nwith the mere interests of vulgar matter, the body ulti-\\nmately becomes the envelope of a grovelling mind, alike\\ndead to decency and worthy ambition.\\nFUTUEITIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 DESIEE FOE FUTUEE\\nLIFE.\\nTHE DESIRE OF A FUTURE LIFE.\\nThe stooping form, thin chest, wide and high top head\\nand upper face, narrow superior and inferior maxillaries\\nor jaws, thin and well-defined nose, and a thin ear, are\\npalpable indications of a desire for future life.\\nAs many are floating down the dimstreamof the future\\nbefore us, with vague and fear-laden notions of the here-\\nafter to come, when we have shot the cataract of death,\\nthe thoughts of many of us arj irresistibly riveted on\\nthe shadowy confines of that bourne whence no travellers\\nreturn, but to which we all are hastening. A constant\\nturning of our thoughts in advance of time, quite naturally\\nhas the effect on the upper part of the body of making\\nit incline permanently to an advance of position, and as", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 217\\nit stoops forward and the thoughts ascend, the top o\\\\\\nthe head and the upper part of the face widen out, while\\nthe lower part becomes narrowed down; and it would\\nappear that purity of thought has the effect of purifying\\nand thinning the features as if by the extrusion of the\\ngrosser ingredients.\\nJESTHETICALNESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 APPKECIATION OF THE\\nBEAUTIFUL.\\nTHE APPRECIATION OF THE BEAUTIFUL IN NATURE AND\\nART, AS THE RESULT OF THE POSSESSION OF THE\\nESTHETIC FACULTY.\\nA high or prominent nose is nature s evidence of a love\\nand appreciation of the beautiful.\\n.\u00c2\u00a3stheticamess Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Kettle, a selfish ^Estheticalness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Charle-\\nand cunning Indian Chief, of Wash- magne, a great warrior, and\\nington Ter. zealous promoter of the sciences\\nand the arts.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "218 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nLove of the beautiful is a rising of the mind above\\nthe region of common-place and common-looking or vulgar\\nthings, and soaring into a contemplation of the beau-\\ntiful, whether to be found in material objects or in the\\nbrighter emanations of the higher conceptions of the\\nindividual. The capacity for rising above the common\\norder of things is evidenced outwardly by a somewhat\\nhigh development of the nasal organ rising well out from\\nthe general plane of the face, and this being the evidence\\nof the possession of strong power of sensation, we have\\nthe fundamental reason of large iEstheticalness\\nCAREFULNESS.\\nSOLICITOUSNESS, GUARDEDNESS, WARINESS, AND CIRCUM-\\nSPECTION IN ALL THE TRANSACTIONS OF LIFE.\\nThe palpable manifestation of caution is a long nose.\\nThe elephant is the best example of this, as his nose extends\\nto the extreme end of his trunk.\\nThe immediate function of the nose being to protect the\\nmouth, lungs, stomach, c, from foulness, rancidity, or\\nother elements of danger arising from gases or putridity;\\nand being constantly in the exercise of the greatest of\\ncare and watchfulness for arriving at the requisite con-\\nclusions, we may predicate from the length of the nose,\\nwhich will also give the extent of surface on which the.\\nolfactory nerve has to act, and the degree of efficiency\\nwhich accompanies the performance of its functions, the\\nextent of the development in the individual of the faculty\\nof Carefulness.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES,\\n21\\nCarefulness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Flavius Josephus,\\nan eminent and illustrious Jewish\\nHistorian, who was an exceedingly\\ncareful and correct author.\\nCarefulness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Thomas Hud-\\nson, a very careless man, wh\u00c2\u00ab\\nwas ever blundering into mis*\\nfortunes.\\nSPEMENTALITY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SPIRITUAL HOPE.\\nTHE FACULTY THAT DESIRES SOME MENTAL OR SPIRITUAL\\nGOOD.\\nSpiritual hope may be known as large when we see a\\nlarge open eye and high forehead, with great comparative\\nmeasurement from the point of the nose to the hair of the\\nforehead.\\nIf the relative measurement of the face announces the\\nundue development of any part of it, we may accept the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "220\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nfact as evidence of the undue growth and power of a par-\\nticular desire, according to the particular part shewn by\\nSpementality Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 James Fisfr, Jr.,\\nof Erie Railroad notoriety.\\nSpementality Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Milton,\\nczi illustrious English poet.\\nmeasurement to be unduly proportioned. Spementality\\nor mental hope being simply the sensation of desire after\\na future life, and the high spiritual welfare of humanity,\\nand the power of sensation being always in full accord with\\nthe size of the brain and nerves, whose exclusive offices\\nare to receive sensations, it follows that a high forehead,\\nbeing the index of large development of brain, must indi-\\ncate the amount of spiritual hope, or in other words, the\\namount of desire after mental and elevating sensation.\\nLarge comparative measurement from the point of the nose\\nto the beginning of the growth of the hair on the upper\\npart of the forehead is another indication of the faculty\\nunder treatment, because, in addition to the brain, it\\nincludes great length of nose, having for its office the\\nspecial sense of smell. A large eye is always indicative of\\nthe presence of the faculty, because it denotes largeness", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n221\\nof the optic nerve, in which there resides great capabilitj\\nof sensation, and they are all usually in harmony with\\ndesires of a sensational nature.\\nPUEITATIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PUEITY.\\nTHE VIRTUE OF CHASTITY AND INNOCENCE UNDEFILED.\\nA clear, bright eye, a broad, high forehead, evenly devel-\\noped lips, with a refined and intelligent countenance, are\\nsome of the signs of purity of mind.\\nPuritativeness Small A\\nPatagouian.\\nPuritativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lucretia Mott,\\na Quakeress preacher.\\nLike all other variations of character, purity of mind is\\nfaithfully imaged on the exterior of the body, and that\\nwith no less exactitude than is a material object reflected\\nupon the surface of a good glass. The mirror cannot pos-\\nsibly reflect any object which does not occupy the requisite\\nfronting relationship to it and equally impossible is it for", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "222\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nthe facial mirror to reflect faculties which have not their\\nabode within. The faculties permeate through every par-\\nticle and fibre of the body, and wherever purity of mind\\nexists, it must perforce make patent its existence by\\nmeans of its allotted facial peculiarity; and as purity of\\nmind consists in those things which have a tendency to\\nenlighten and ennoble, the outward effect will be an expan-\\nsion of the forehead, and the overspreading of a spirituelle\\nexpression throughout the entire countenance.\\nINTUITiVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 INTUITION.\\nCONSCIOUS KNOWLEDGE PRIOR TO EXPERIENCE.\\nThe signs of the faculty of intuition are a high fore*\\nhead, with large, open eyes.\\nIntuitiveness Small Simon Fraser\\nLovat, a Scottish chieftain and\\nrebel, who was beheaded.\\nIntuitiveness Large Giuseppe\\nMazzini, a talented Italian\\npatriot.\\nThe faculty of arriving at a seemingly instantaneous\\nrecognition of truth without ratiocination, or, at all events.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR STGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n23\\nwithout a degree of ratiocination large enough to bd\\ncapable of appreciation, must have its abode in the sensa-\\ntional parts (Brain and Nerves of sensation) of our nature, as\\nthese alone are equal to approximately instantaneous acts,\\nand it is therefore in the forehead that we must look for\\nthe development of high sensational susceptibilities or\\npowers. A large and open eye is indicative of largeness of\\nthe optic nerve, which in its turn demonstrates a high devel-\\nopment of the Nerves of sensation upon which this faculty\\ndepends, and with which it is immediately associated.\\nLITERATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WKITTEN LANGUAGE.\\nTHE SKILL OF PRODUCING WRITTEN LANGUAGE.\\nA full broad high forehead, with a pyriform face, are\\nsigns of excellence in written language.\\nLiterativeness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Thomas Literati veness Large- John Ruskin\\nRogerson, a very poor writer. a brilliant author and art critic.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "224 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nA full high forehead, with a pyriform face, shew love\\nof, and ability for, literary writing, when these are accom-\\npanied with education. Vivid and strong sensations are-\\nnecessary to the success of a writer, and these are indicated\\nby the broad high forehead which denote intellectual\\nimitation. The presence of these qualities are also indicated\\nby width in the front top of the head (see signs of Men-\\ntimitativeness). These structural provisos being granted,\\nEducation and experience are alone required to produce\\nan able and accomplished literary writer.\\nCLEANNESS.\\nTHE DESIRE TO BE FREE FROM FOULNESS AND IMPURITIES.\\nFine hair, as in the rabbity is a swre sign of neatness;\\nwhile coarse hair, as in the hog, may be known as nature s\\ntestimonial of a dirty animal.\\nCleanness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Duchess of Kent,\\nthe mother of Her Majesty, Queen\\nVictoria, The Noble Queen.\\nCleanness Small Nathaniel\\nBently, the dirtiest man in\\nEngland.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 225\\nCleanness. Dirt has been well expressed as very ordi-\\nnary matter in the wrong place, and such it is when it\\nis allowed to accumulate on the person or on the clothing.\\nWhere there exists a high organization, the individual\\nbe he man or animal is endowed with a greater or less\\nelevation of nature, and in virtue of this he recoils from\\nthe useless contact with inorganic matter, or organic matter\\nof a very low type. This feeling springs from the natural\\nlaw which attracts like to like. On the other hand, where\\nthe organization of the individual is of a low type, as\\nevinced by coarse hair, skin, c, there is no great\\nrevulsion against close association with dirt, because there\\nis a large proportion of the grosser materials in the com-\\nposition of his frame, in comparison with the amount of\\nsoul he is able to boast of. The hog being essentially\\ncoarse in his structure with little of the spiritual essence\\nin his composition, lives uncaring and contented surrounded\\nby filth and dirt. The dainty rabbit, on the other hand,\\nhaving fine downy hair and a highly nervous form, is\\nmiserable unless allowed to perform regular ablutions and\\nkeep itself thoroughly free from the hateful dirt\\nPITIFULKESS.\\nTENDERNESS AND COMPASSION FOR SUFFERING MANKIND,\\nTHE LOWER ANIMALS, AND EVERY LIVING CREATURE.\\nAn eye that looks upon an object with lingering softness, is\\nan evidence of large PITY. When this quality is strong it bows\\nthe head forwards, and softens the manners.\\nThe essence of the action of pity is a softening of the\\nhigher feelings, and a melting of the virility of the\\nindividual upon whose soul the angel-like influence is at", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "226\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nwork The eyes, quickly responsive to the mysterious\\npleading that wells up from its compassionate depths,\\nbecome eloquent in nature s language, and advocates the\\nPitifulness very Small Nero, one\\nof the most cruel Emptors of\\nRome. Copied from the bust i\u00c2\u00bb\\nthe British Museum.\\nPitifulness very Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Miss Cowtts,\\nof London, England, the .mesfc\\ncompassionate lady of the present\\na\u00c2\u00abe.\\ncause which is thrilling throughout the inmost recesses\\nof the frame. This is only the operation of the great\\nnatural law which ordains that mind must control matter,\\nand in this case an outlet of manifestation is found in\\nthe eyes, which are ever the most active in the cause of\\npain and suffering.\\nIMAGINATIVENESS.\\nTHE PLASTIC POWER OR FACULTY OF CREATING IMAGES LH\\nTHE MIND, THE HOME OF FANCY.\\nRemarkable intelligence evinced by facial expression\\ndenotes violet imagination", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES, 227\\nThis faculty is born of largeness of Brain form, as compared\\nwith the ether proportions, and it indicates the capacity\\nfor Tuperior sensations. Imagination is simply this power\\nImaginativeness Large Lamartine, Imaginativeness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A babbler,\\na celebrated French poet and an ignorant Irish woman of Edin\u00c2\u00ab\\nhistorian. burgh.\\nof sensation developed in an extraordinary degree, and this\\nsubtle power acts directly from an elevating cast of Brain\\nupon every part of the face, in expressions of intelligence\\nand refinement, which are the outcome of a hignly sensa-\\ntional organization.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "228 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nFACTIMEMOEIATIVENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MEMORY OF FACTS.\\nTHE FACULTY OF RETAINING PREVIOUSLY ATTAINED\\nKNOWLEDGE.\\nMemory of incidents and general affairs manifests itself\\nby general fulness of the forehead.\\nFactimemoriativeness Large \u00e2\u0080\u0094Frederick\\nH. A. Baron von Humboldt, a dis-\\ntinguished German philosopher and\\ntraveller\\nFactimemoriativeness Small\\nMiss Catherine Dunn, whose\\nweight is 425 pounds.\\nThe reception of facts is accompanied by sensation of a\\nmore or less intense character, according to the amount of\\ninterest for the hearer, which each particular fact bears\\nwith it: and as the more intense sensations are those which\\ngrave the deepest mark upon the mind, and are most\\nenduring in consequence, and most readily recalled; it is\\nclear that to determine the capacity of any individual for\\nreceiving and storing up impressions and facts, we must\\nexamine the front portion of the brain as that i the region", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 29\\nassigned tc the sensations, while the back part contains\\nthe Nerves which reguiate the motary powers. It is there-\\nfore in the front part of the forehead that we must expect\\nto find the material for estimating the comparative activity\\nof this faculty.\\nUnder this faculty we introduce numerous accounts of\\nremarkable facilities of recollection, interspersed with advice\\nregarding the care, cultivation, and improvement of the\\nmemory. After retiring to rest every night, think over\\nall the transactions and incidents of the preceding day;\\nread the works of Cuvier, Leibnitz, Goethe, Humboldt,\\nLyell, Agassiz, Liebig, Sir Walter Scott, Prescott, Alison,\\nMacaulay, as well as other scientific and historical writers,\\nand at least once every day repeat all the events of import-\\nance which have transpired during the last twenty-four\\nhours, and business negociations, as well as every ordinary\\nincident of life. Commit condensed portions of history to\\nmemory impress all leading incidents firmly on the mind,\\nby giving intense and concentrated attention to them when\\nthey come to your notice; associate much with those of\\nsuperior memories. Employ the memory, and it will give\\nyou retentive power. The Greeks continually exercised\\ntheir memories by treasuring in their minds the works of\\ntheir poets, the instructions of their philosophers, and the\\nproblems of their mathematicians; and such practice gave\\nthem vast power of retention. Pliny informs us of a Greek\\ncalled Charmidas, who could repeat from memory the\\ncontents of a large library. One should write out every\\nspeech or whatever it is desired to retain. This practice\\nis recommended by Cicero and Quintilian. Memory is\\nfacilitated by regular order and distributive arrangement\\nof facts, and by conversing on the subjects you wish to\\nremember. Themistocles, Caesar, Cicero, and Seneca were\\npossessed of very great memories. Themistocles mastered\\nthe Persian language in one year, and could call by their", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "230 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nnames all the citizens of Athens, when its population was\\n20 000. Cyrus knew the name of every soldier in his\\narmy. Julius Caesar was able to dictate to three secre-\\ntaries at the same time, and on perfectly distinct subjects.\\nFortius Latro, as Seneca informs us, remembered every-\\nthing that he committed to writing, and wrote very rapidly.\\nHortentius attended a public sale, which occupied the\\nwhole day, and gave a full and particular account in the\\nevening, from memory, of every article that was sold, as\\nwell as the name of each article, with the name of the\\npurchaser, and when compared with the notes of a clerk,\\nit was found perfectly correct.\\nThemistocles possessed such powers of retention, that\\nwhen one offered to teach him the art of memory he\\nrejected the proposal, and remarked that he had much\\nrather he would teach him the art to forget. Justus\\nLipsius was able to repeat every line of Tacitus Works\\nrnemoriter. Josephus Scaliger committed Homer s Iliad\\nand his Odyssey entirely in twenty-one days, each being\\nabout the same length, the Iliad containing 31,670\\nverses. Seneca could repeat 2,000 names in the order in\\nwhich he heard them, and rehearse 200 verses on different\\nsubjects after once hearing them read. Mithridates, the\\ncelebrated King of Pontus, ruled twenty-two countries, and\\nwas enabled by his faithful memory to converse with the\\nvarious ambassadors in the proper language of the countries\\nwhich they respectively represented. St. Austin s Works\\nare sufficient to fill a large library, and yet Dr. Reynolds\\nmastered them all, being able to repeat any portion of\\nthem from memory. Dr. Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury, could\\nrepeat anything he had written by once reading it, and\\nnever forgot a line of what he read but his astonishing\\nmemory he attributed to ndustrious cultivation of that\\nfaculty.\\nJerome, of Prague, who was martyred for the Protestant", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "THE FACUXTXES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 231\\nreligion by a sentence of the Council of Constance, was\\nfamous for an excellent memory, of which Poggius, in his\\nEpistle to Leonardus Aretinus, gives the following occur-\\nrence in illustration After he had been confined 340\\ndays in the bottom of a loathsome tower, where he was\\nwholly without light either to see or read; yet, when he\\nwas called to trial, he quoted so many testimonies of the\\nmost sagacious and learned men in favour of his own\\nprinciples, as if all that time he had been immured in a\\ngood library, with all the conveniences of studying. This\\nis a remarkable example, especially if we consider the\\nafflictive circumstances of his case, and how sadly trouble\\nweakens and impairs the memory, A young Corsican,\\nwhile in the law school of Padua, in Italy, could repeat\\nforwards or backwards 36,000 names, and a year after,\\ncould repeat anything remembered. He instructed Fran-\\nciscus Molinus, a nobleman of Venice, who had a very\\npoor memory, in less than eight days, to repeat 500 names\\nin any order he pleased. Mr. Thomas Fuller possessed a\\nmemory sufficient to remember all the signs on both sides\\nof Cheapside and several other streets in London. Instances\\ncould be related of other memorists, equally noted but\\nthe limited space of this book will not permit an extensive\\narticle on this subject. Sickness, fright, or slothfulness\\nmay seriously impair the memory, as the following instances\\nmay shew viz., the orator Messala Corvinus forgot his\\nown name caused by sickness. Artemidorous, the gram-\\nmarian, having been frightened by a crocodile, the fright\\ncaused an entire loss of his learning that he never after-\\nwards recovered. Calvisius Sabinus, from the habit of\\nslothfulness and neglect of his memory, became so forgetful\\nthat; he could not recollect the names of Ulysses, Achilles,\\nand Priamus, yet he knew those men as well as one man\\ncan well know another. Germanus, who was a clerk under\\nthe reign of Frederick II. having been bled, lost the entiie", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "232 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nuse of his memory, yet one year subsequently having been\\nbled again, he recovered the full use of his former memory.\\nMany examples could be enumerated, wherein forgetfulness\\ncould be attributed to the fact of not cultivating and pro-\\nperly employing the memory.\\nThe mathematician, Wallis, while in bed, and with his\\neyes shut, extracted the cube root of a number consisting\\nof thirty figures, not making a single mistake. Dr. Timothy\\nDwight, of Yale College, was in the habit of taking seven\\ntexts, and at the same time dictating to seven amanuenses\\nseven distinct sermons. A celebrated London dramatist\\nlaid a wager that he would, after once reading a page of\\nadvertisements in the Times, repeat them verbatim and\\nin order;, and he won the wager. He also undertook to\\nwalk along one of the main business thoroughfares, the\\nStrand, in which every house on each side has an elaborate\\nsignboard and number, and to repeat the names, numbers,\\nand businesses of each, taking in both sides, as he walked\\nalong only once. Mr. Miller, a talented lawyer of Keokuk,\\nIowa, who was formerly member of Congress, has a remark-\\nably retentive memory. He has been known to write out\\nin full an entire sermon, without taking notes; and when\\nthe bishop who preached it called upon him and observed\\nthat Mr. Miller had changed only one word, in reply,\\nhe mentioned the very word, and gave as his reason for\\nthe change, that the word used by the bishop was incorrect.\\nThe bishop thanked him, and pocketed the paper in which\\nthe reported sermon appeared, the morning after it was\\ndelivered. Mr. Miller remarked to me that it was by his\\nconcentrated and earnest attention at the time of hearing,\\nthat he was enabled so unfailingly to remember. A Miss\\nFoster, of London, has also this remarkable retention of\\nmemory. A clergyman, of local note for his terse, epigram*\\nmatic style i\u00c2\u00a3 sermonizing, was asked by his congregation\\nto print ana publish one of his telling, cogent discourses;", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 233\\nbut on his assuring them that he could not reproduce\\naccurately what he had preached, Miss Foster, then about\\nsixteen years of age, proffered to write it out verbatim, and\\ndid perfectly to the preacher s satisfaction. Dudley Waller,\\na boy in the American States, when entering his teens,\\nlearned long lectures by hearing them read once or twice.\\nHe has been known to repeat accurately half a newspaper\\ncolumn, and tell where the punctuation points appeared,\\nas he had been told them when hearing it read. Writing\\nout one s thoughts gives tenacity to the memory. Then\\nwrite out your own thoughts, as well as what you learn\\nfrom books, teachers, and conversation. Keep a diary or\\nnote-book, and at the end of the day note down in chrono-\\nlogical order every transaction that occurred within your\\ncognizance during the whole day.\\nSpecial care should be taken, however, in the exercise\\nand cultivation of memory, not to overtax it. It is a fact,\\nwell attested by experience, that the memory may be\\nseriously injured by pressing upon it too hardly and con-\\ntinuously in early life. Whatever theory we hold as to\\nthis great and wonderful function of our nature, it is\\ncertain that its powers are only gradually developed and\\nthat, if forced into premature exercise, they are impaired\\nby the effort. A regulated exercise, short of fatigue, is\\nimproving to it; but we ought carefully to refrain from\\ngoading it by constant and laborious efforts in early life,\\nand before this wonderful, godlike faculty is strengthened\\nto its work, or it decays in our hands.\\nThe following interesting incident, related by James\\nBeaty, may serve as a warning to those having the care of\\nthe young. A boy, whose over-zealous and indiscreet\\nmother obliged him to commit sermons to memory, lost\\nhis other faculties and became stupid and idiotic. Let\\nus ever keep in mind what Coleridge, in his rapturous\\nappreciation of this power, exclaims,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Memory, bosom", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "234 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nspring of joy. Then Basile, Memory is the cabinet ol\\nimagination, the treasury of reason, the registry of con-\\nscience, and the council-chamber of thought.\\nPRUDENTIALITY.\\nWISDOM APPLIED TO PRACTICE\\nPrudentiality partially closes the eyes, which are\\nusually also found somewhat settled in the head, but it is\\nwanting in persons with very short noses Hence children,\\nwho almost invariably have short noses, are very impru-\\ndent. Open mouths are also evidence of natural im-\\nprudence.\\nPrudentiality Small A restless, loqua-\\ncious, ignorant, and saucy boy of\\nJacksonville, Illinois.\\nPrudentiality Large John Sher-\\nman, U.S. senator from Ohio.\\nA fulness of practical wisdom or prudence, gathered\\nduring the course of a lifetime, will, in old age, when\\ncaution and prudence become the first, if not the only", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n235\\nconsideration, cause the eyes to settle back in the head*\\nlong practice and experience having taught them that in\\nthis position there is greater convenience for thinking;\\nthinking cautiously and carefully carried to its ultimate\\nresults being prudence itself. The position has been\\nadopted first, from an instinctive sense of fitness and con-\\nvenience, and it has become permanently fixed by the\\nnatural law of use and wont.\\nCREDULOUSNESS.\\nTHE ENDOWNENT WHEREBY ONE IS ENABLED TO RECEIVE\\nAS TRUE THAT WHICH IS UNPROVEN.\\nThe eyebrows, when elevated far above the eyes, and pre-\\nsent a large interciliary space, as in Harvey, are certain\\nsigns of large faith.\\nCredulousness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Voltaire.\\nCredulousness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Wm. Harvey,\\nM. D., who published his discovery\\nof the circulation of the blood in\\n1628.\\nCredulous people take for granted the truth or accuracy\\nof any statement that may be put before them, being quite", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "236 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nincapable, it would appear, of separating the wheat from\\nthe chaff, and the probable from the improbable. This\\neasiness of reception for all and sundry must arise from the\\nundue openness of the avenues which conduct the informa-\\ntion to the sensorium. Those avenues of reception are the\\neyes, the ears, the nose, the mouth, and the nerves of sensa-\\ntion. When the eyes are well open, the brows will be\\ndrawn well up on to the forehead, there being no other way\\nof admitting of the open gaze. The ears are capacious, and\\nseem to turn their tips forwards, as if to be prepared to\\nreceive and adopt anything, however strange, that may be\\naddressed to them. The nose is furnished with expanding\\nnostrils, and admits everything without much scrutiny as\\nto quantity or quality the mouth stands agape and mutely\\nasks for more; the head is large in the front part where\\nlie the powers of the sensation, and the whole is the well-\\nknown picture of a superlatively credulous person.\\nCOURTEOUSKESS:\\nTHE STATE OR QUALITY WHICH LEADS TO CIVILITY OF\\nMANNERS, POLITENESS, AND ELEGANT DEPORTMENT.\\nThis winning power of outward attractiveness manifests\\nitself in fine features, high open forehead, graceful form,\\nand a large, animated, and prominent eye.\\nIt is impossible to carry a courteous and conciliatory\\nbearing if the individual has a tendency in any direction to\\nextremity of form. He must be capable of being all\\nthings to all men, and for this purpose it is necessary that\\nhe be constructed on a medium plan, and with no rough\\nor abrupt corners in his character which might mar his\\nattempts at courtesy. He must occupy this medium stand-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 237\\npoint, and, at the same time, be endowed with sufficient\\nelasticity to admit of his meeting half-way the denizens of\\neither extreme; for if built on an extreme himself, he could\\nCourteousness Small D. Fernando Courteousness Large Count D\\nVII., a tyrant, who started the Orsay, the most polite man of the\\nInquisition, and was devoid of world,\\nfine feelings.\\nnot possibly deal with those so far away as the opposite\\nend of the range. The signs given above are those denoting\\nmediocrity of character, and consequently the ability of\\ncourteousnesa\\nATTENTIVENESS.\\nTHE QUALITY OR POWER OF GIVING HEED TO OBJECTS\\nOR THOUGHTS.\\nattentiveness when large, carries the head forward in\\nthe same manner that one bends forward when thoroughly\\ninterested in a new book, held in the hand, as shewn in\\nthe engraving of Hugh Miller, Scotland s talented Geologist.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "238\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nThe exercise of attention naturally inclines us to bend\\nforward the visual organs in the direction of the object\\nwe are desirous of examining, This instinctive act carries\\nAttentiveness Large Abbey Kelley\\nFoster, an able advocate of the\\nabolition of American slavery.\\nAttentiveness Small His Majesty\\nPomare, King of Taheite.\\nthe head, with its group of sensations, into closer proximity\\nto the object, as if instinctive reason had concluded that\\ngreater proximity would enhance the observing and noting\\ncapacity; and, therefore, like the sunflower which lovingly\\nfollows the sun for the rays which keep it in life, the head\\nis projected to the object of attention for greater inspiration\\nthere.\\nSYMPATHETIC ALNESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SYMPATHY.\\nTHE VIRTUE WHICH AFFORDS FELLOW FEELING FOR THB\\nWOES, TROUBLES, AND ANXIETIES OF OTHERS, AS WELL\\nAS FOR THEIR JOYS AND PLEASURES.\\nA long narrow face, with full lijis, are testimonies of\\ntrue and heart-stirring sympathy. But besides these there\\nare several other signs, such as a long head, from forehead\\nto crown; long and slim fingers, \u00c2\u00a3c.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THETR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\n230\\nTo enter into and make our own the joys and sorrows\\nof others, requires subtle powers of sensation to enable us\\ntc analyze and understand the feelings jf others, and the\\npresence of this high power of sensation is indicated by\\nlargeness in the upper front of the head. After arriving\\nSympatheticalness Small Robespieirs, Syinpatheticalness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Eustache,\\nan implacable, sanguinolent, and who saved his master and others\\ntruculent tyrant. from massacre.\\nat a correct estimation of the feelings of others, a fine-\\ngrained organization is absolutely necessary before we can\\nsympathize with, and appropriate those feelings. All the\\nfiner feelings, as pity, purity, cleanliness, love of the beauti-\\nful and the sublime, c, depend for their existence upon\\nthe fineness of the individualized material.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES,\\nO X.j .A. S S VI.\\nTHE PERFECTIVE QUALITIES.\\nTHE QUALITIES OF CLASS SIXTH ACCOMPANY AN EVEN\\nCOMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE OF THE FIVE FORMS.\\nGRACEFULNESS.\\nBY GRACEFULNESS IS MEANT THE QUALITY OR FACULTY\\nRESULTING IN EASE AND ELEGANCE OF MQT.\u00c2\u00abC AND\\nAGREEABLENESS OF MANNERS. THE GRACEFUL MOVE-\\nMENT IS PERFORMED IN LONG CAVES AND THE\\nGRACEFUL MANNER IS SEEN IN THE SWEEPING CURVE\\nOF THE GESTURE AND BOW.\\nThe apparent structural form which accompanies graceful\\nmovements and manners is the slim and pliable structure\\nthat bends with apparent ease.\\nGracefulness Large A Swan.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 24]\\nThe harmonious combination of several of the elements\\nentering into the construction of the animal frame, has the\\ndirect result of producing an ease of motion, and an absence\\nof constraint in the Muscular action, which comes under\\nthe comprehensive term of Gracefulness. More than the\\nproportionate quantity of bone, results in awkwardness and\\nungainliness while a preponderance of the nervous form\\nruns to the opposite extreme, and gives rise to angularity\\nof motion, fidgetiness, and feverish and ungraceful haste\\nin action, and so on with disproportion in every other\\nGracefulness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A male Hippopotamus, taken from life, in the\\nZoological Gardens in London.\\nform, which in all cases is fatal to that nameless beauty of\\ncomportment and behaviour which we call grace. The\\nconditions necessary for the production of a high degree\\nof grace, are, a fair share of Muscular force with an equal\\nendowment of the Abdominal powers, while the other three\\nsalient forms must be balanced, the one with the other,\\nwith the utmost nicety, without any of them possessing\\nmore than half the degree of development which has been\\nallotted to the Muscular and Abdominal powers. Harmony\\nof structure gives well-balanced and harmonious curves of\\nQ", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "242\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nmotion displayed in every movement of limb and muscl^\\nand this motion is the foundation of all Gracefulness.\\nPKOSPEEATIYENESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PKOSPEROUSNESS.\\nTHE POWER OF ATTAINING THE DESIRED OBJECT.\\nThe curved line running round the corners of the mouthy\\nwhile those corners are depressed or indented, is natures\\nstamp or trademark on the visage of a person who has\\nsucceeded, or can do so in some department of life.\\nProsperativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Julius Csesar, Prosperativeness Small AKyast\\nthe Dictator, who, as a Commander, Banian man, of Surat, in\\nwas eminently successful. India.\\nTo insure ultimate prosperity, there must not be any\\nvery weak or vulnerable points in the make-up of the body,\\nas such ill-armed points would certainly nullify and prevent", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 243\\nthe success of any efforts; and expose the entire fortress to\\nbetrayal and destruction. For the possession of the requi-\\nsite general strength, a fair development is necessary of\\nthorax, abdomen, muscles, bones, and brain, and when this\\nproviso is granted, the signs above given will be apparent.\\nPHYSIOHARMONITIVENESS.-\\nMONY.\\n-PHYSICAL HAR-\\nTHE POWER WHICH APPRECIATES THAT PHYSICAL CONDITION\\nIN WHICH ALL PARTS OF THE BODY ARE ROUNDED AND\\nIN PERFECT ACCORDANCE.\\nWhen one part of the body is equal, in due proportion,\\nto every other part in strength, and no feature seems to\\ndominate the others in size, and all are rounded, the indi-\\nvidual who is so happily framed, so essentially harmonious\\nthroughout, should, feel grateful, and endeavour to assist\\nothers to like harmony in their natures.\\nPhysioharmonitiveness Small \u00e2\u0080\u0094Cut\\nNose, an Indian, who, in the\\nmassacre of 1862, in Minnesota,\\nmurdered 18 women and children\\nand 5 men.\\nPhysioharmonitiveness Large G-.\\nF. Handel, a talented musician,\\nwhopp life was occupied in pro\\nmoting narrnony.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "244 THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nBy this felicitous condition of body is implied the round-\\ning off and dovetailing of all the different faculties, so as\\nto form a mass whose principal distinguishing feature is\\nthat of oneness, or the presence of a harmonious combina-\\nPhysioharmonitiveness Large Sarah and John Eovin, aged respectively\\n164 ciiid. 172 years of age.\\ntion of material, and the absence of all ingredients not\\nhaving a tendency to act in accord with the others. The\\nharmony of music is the result of compatibility and fitness\\nexisting between the different tones, and combining their\\nvarious powers of strength and richness, so as to produce\\nan aggregate of delicious harmony; and the parallel\\nbetween the two is much closer and more exact than one\\nwould at a first glance be inclined to suspect. The above\\nsigns will receive their full signification when taken in\\nconnection with these remarks.\\nPROPORTIONATIVEISrESS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PKOPORTION.\\nRECOGNITION OF THE TRUE RELATION OF PARTS TO EACH\\nOTHER.\\nThe physiognomical manifestations of Proportionative-\\nness are a due symmetrical proportion of one feature to", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES\\n245\\nanother joined in a body, whose parts and features are in\\nharmonious accord, producing beauty of form.\\nProportionativeness Large\\nPetrarch Zortan, 185 years\\nof age.\\nProportionativeness Small A Flat-\\nHead Indian, of the south-east coast of\\nVancouver Island, British Columbia.\\nThis word is sufficiently explicit and comprehensive to\\nindicate the quality, or combination of qualities, of which\\nProportionativeness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dr. John Proportionativeness Small A\\nHunter, one of the most distin- Quatsino Indian, from the north-\\nguished surgeons of modern times. western coast of Vancouver\\nIsland.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "246\\nTHE FACULTIES, THEIR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES.\\nit is the appellative. For the production of a high degree\\nof Proportion ativeness there must reign throughout a rela-\\ntive fitness of parts one part having exactly that degree\\nof strength, and no more, which puts it on an equal footing\\nwith the strength and powers of the other parts. Where\\nthese conditions are not maintained, the faculty cannot\\nexist, except perhaps in a half-strangled form, which is not\\nentitled to be classed under the name, Proportionativeness.\\nDEDTJCTIVENESS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 REASON.\\nTHE LOGICAL FACULTY OF DEDUCING CONCLUSIONS FROM\\nPREMISES.\\nIn the human Physiognomy f the deductive faculty dis-\\ncovers itself to the observer by a well-defined and prominent\\nnose and broad face. No person has been ever known as\\nan original and correct reasoner who had a low flat nose\\nlike that of the Chinamen.\\nDeductiveness Small\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Foolish Sam. Deductiveness Large\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Locke.\\nThis faculty more than any other appertaining to\\nhumanity, demands a rigidly even and harmonious dis-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "THE FACULTIES, THETR SIGNS AND PRINCIPLES. 247\\ntribution of the different elements in the conformation of\\nthe structure, attended by no ordinary degree of strength\\nof development in each. To be able to deduce inferences\\nfrom premises with accuracy and correctness requires abili-\\nties of no ordinary character, and the deducer must be\\nthoroughly well balanced and strengthened in his structure\\nthroughout, to produce the soundness of judgment which\\nis required to carry on mental analysis. Strength is the\\nmain element here, and this strength is evidenced by the\\npresence of the broad high face which attends the broad,\\nhigh, and harmonious form generally. Again, well main-\\ntained equilibrium in the constituents of the human frame\\nor organization is the invariable concomitant of a robust and\\noverflowing condition of health, and this latter element is\\none which is almost indispensable to protracted processes\\nof deduction. These are the principles underlying this\\nfaculty, and the signs given above must be apparent on\\nthe form, to the exact extent oi tne development of tne\\nfaculty in the structure, as vultus est index animi.\\nNathaniel Hawthorne, an eminent American author, whose novels\\nand promiscuous writings display unbounded imagination, critical analysis\\ncouched in language and style, clear, forcible, graceful, and elegant.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "VARIOUS RACES OF MEN.\\nMen have changed so much, and embodied so many varieties\\nof features, that it would be impossible to represent any\\none individual that should fairly or approximately give\\nan idea of the whole human family. We will give, how-\\never, a representative man of the nation, tribe, and family,\\nto shew that, it would be neither truthful nor just to give\\none man as the true type of a race. The Europeans, who\\nare considered bv many writers to oe a branch of the\\nKing William of Prussia, a specimen of European,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "VARIOUS RACES OF MEN.\\n2i9\\nCaucasian race, and who are supposed to have come from\\nthe mountains of Central Asia, may be divided thus:\\nEnglish,\\nScotch,\\nRussians,\\nGermans,\\nHollanders,\\nFrench,\\nIrish,\\nWelsh,\\nDanes,\\nCeltic and Saxon.\\nHighland or Celtic and Teutonic,\\nor Sclaves.\\nor Teutonic.\\nor Dutch,\\nor Celts.\\nor\\nor\\nor Scandina.viaoft.\\nor Iberian and Celts.\\nNow, let us take those brothers, so-called, and see how\\nvaried are the types of men, and how impossible it would\\nbe, if we so desired, to represent all of those nationalities\\nby one man. Of ]ate, much discussion has arisen among\\nAnthropologists as to whether mankind should be classified\\nin one, or many races, hence there are two schools, Mono-\\ngenists and Polygenists.\\nThe following illustrations, from the so-called Indian\\ntribes, will fully satisfy any observing person that a single\\ncopper-coloured face but ill represents the many varieties\\nto be found in America at the present time, saying nothing\\nabout those which are entirely extinct\\nAmerican or Indian race represented by a Digger. (See\\ncut of a Digger Indian on page 251.)\\nA Flat Head Indian a Iront and side view.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "250\\nVARIOUS RACES OF MEN.\\nAmong the Snakes, we have seen some who resemble\\nthe Oneidas, others look like Pottawottomies, while others\\nbore a favourable comparison with the Omahas, and yet\\nmany individuals of this tribe were surprisingly unlike\\nany other.\\nCatlin, in his celebrated work on the Indian races, pre-\\nsents many drawings from life of the varieties, in form,\\nshape, and feature, of the red men of the American con-\\ntinent. Some are tall, well-formed, graceful as Apollo, and\\nbeautiful in feature; others are short, squat, crooked-\\nlimbed, and entirely destitute of beauty or grace. Some\\nhave been described as generous, noble-hearted, and truth-\\nful; .while others were crafty, Ci r uel, and revengeful. This\\ntribe delighted in manly sports, were abstemious, mirthful,\\nand enjoyed purity of domestic life; while that was morose,\\ngluttonous, gloomy, ana sensual Then how futile to\\nattempt the representation of a race by an individual\\nnations cannot be picturec by isoiatea cnaracters.\\nA Quatsino, of the north-western coast\\nof Vancouver Island.\\nCut Nose, a murderous Indian,\\nof Minnesota.\\nThe French and Scotch, said to have sprung from the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "A Digger Indian, of California. Eating worms, grasshoppers, and acorna\\nis a luxury often indulged in by the Diggers.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "252 VARIOUS RACES OF MEN.\\nsame branch, are entirely dissimilar. The Englishman or\\nRussian would never be suspected of being an Irishman,\\nabroad or at home. The flat-bottomed, broad, short Dutch-\\nman, who has been first flattened by the dead level of his\\ncountry, and then has impressed his squat ideas in similar\\nshape on his heavy-sterned sailing vessels, his dumpy\\ncopper tea-kettles, and even on his short-legged sheep and\\ncattle, will never be confounded with the tall, haughty\\nSpaniard, or supposed to be descended from some old Bur-\\ngundian baron, who once held sway over his present\\ninheritance. Yet these anomalies among Europeans are\\nclassified in a lump as one race by many authors. But\\nwhy call all nations which may happen to be white one\\nrace? As we find quite as much variation among different\\nnations as between so-called different races, why not call\\nevery nationality a distinct race? This same law of reason-\\ning will apply to all races, nations, tribes, or families of\\npeople who inhabit the earth. In our humble opinion,\\nthousands of races and tribes have peopled the earth which\\nare now entirely extinct.\\nIn glancing over history, in various languages, we are\\nforced to believe that the earlier races were far larger than\\nthose we find now upon the earth. They were undoubtedly\\ncoarser, stronger, and larger men, physically, than men are\\nat present, but not so highly organized mentally. Cultiva-\\ntion and climatic influences, as well as those resulting from\\nincestuous marriages, have sadly injured the physical\\nstature and powers of man while sensational excitants\\nand education have enlarged the brain, and given intellec-\\ntual force and knowing power, which are the great levers\\nof progress and civilization. These last remarks are\\nintended to apply only to the white races, as their history\\nis the one we have studied the most fully. Among all\\nwhite races men are growing smaller and weaker bodily,\\nand becoming more active and useful mentally. The", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "VARIOUS RACES OF MEN. 253\\nfollowing account of giants is evidence from other authors\\nthat in past ages men were much larger than those of the\\npresent day.\\nIn an excavation, made by William Thompson and\\nRobert Smith, half a mile north of West Hickory, they\\nexhumed an enormous helmet of iron which was corroded\\nwith rust. Further digging brought to light a sword\\nwhich measured nine feet in length, and after some little\\ntime they discovered the bones of two very large feet.\\nFollowing up the lead, in a few hours time they unearthed\\na well-preserved skeleton of an enormous giant, belonging\\nto a species of the human family which probably inhabited\\nthis part of the world at the time of which the Bible\\nspeaks, when it says, and there were giants in those days.\\nThe helmet is said to be of the shape of those found\\namong the ruins of Nineveh. The bones are remarkably\\nwhite, the teeth are all in their places, and all of them\\nare double, and of extraordinary size. These relics have\\nbeen taken to Tionesta, where they are visited by large\\nnumbers of persons daily. The giant must have stood\\neighteen feet in his stockings.\\nIn one of his recent lectures, Professor Silliman, the\\nyounger, alluded to the discovery of an enormous lizard\\nof eighty feet. From this the Professor inferred, as no\\nliving specimen of such magnitude has been found, that\\nthe species which it represents has become degenerated.\\nThe verity of his position he endeavoured to enforce by\\nallusion to the well-known existence of giants in olden\\ntimes. The following is the list upon which this singular\\nhypothesis is based:\\nThe giant exhibited at Rouen in 1630, the Professor\\nsays, measured nearly eighteen feet. Gorapius saw a girl\\nthat was ten feet high. The giant Galabra, brought from\\nArabia to Rome under Claudius Csesar, was 10 feet high.\\nFrom the Oil City Times, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1869.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "254 VARIOUS RACES OF MEN,\\nThe giant Ferregus, slain by Orlando, nephew of Charle-\\nmagne, was twenty-eight feet high. In 1814, near St.\\nGermain, was found the tomb of Isorant, who was not\\nless than thirty feet high. In 1850, near Rouen, was found\\na skeleton whose skull held a bushel of corn, and who was\\nnineteen feet high. The giant Bacart was twenty-two feet\\nhigh; his thigh bones were found in 1704 near the river\\nModeri. Fannum, who lived in the time of Eugene II.,\\nmeasured eleven and a-half feet. The chevalier Scrog, in\\nhis voyage to the Peak of TenerifFe, found in one of the\\ncaverns of that mountain the head of the Gunich, who\\nhad sixty teeth, and was not less than fifteen feet high.\\nIn 1623, near the castle in Dauphine, a tomb was found\\nwhich was thirty feet long, sixteen feet wide, and eight\\nfeet high, on which was cut on gray stones these words:\\nKeutolochus Rex. The skeleton was found entire:\\ntwenty-five and a fourth feet long, ten feet across the\\nshoulders, and five feet from the breast-bone to the back.\\nNear Palermo, in Sicily, in 1316, was found the skeleton\\nof a giant thirty feet high, and in 1559, another forty-four\\nfeet high. Near Mazarino, in Sicily, in 1815, was found\\nthe skeleton of a giant thirty feet high. The head was\\nthe size of a hogshead, and each of his teeth weighed five\\nounces.\\nThe numerous allusions which are found in classical\\nauthors, to the fact of human beings of gigantic size having\\nruled and fought for empire in the ages past, are also some\\nproof that the present race has degenerated in size. It\\nseems to be the natural tendency of all animal life to\\nbecome smaller, or else its place is filled by creations of\\nless bulky proportions possessing more intelligence and\\nvsefulness. The places of the mighty saurian, among\\nreptiles, and the mammoth mastodon, among animals, have\\nlong since been supplanted by the crocodile and lizard, the\\nhorse, dog, ox, and sheep, each of which is more useful, as", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "VARIOUS RACES OF MEN. 255\\nwell a? more intelligent, than those mighty creatures whose\\npast history is written and revealed to us in that unerring\\nbook of nature the solid rocks.\\nAs nature gave an immense number of species of animals,\\nso she produced an untold variety of races of mankind.\\nSome writers on- Ethnology divide humanity into five\\ndistinct races, namely, the Caucasian, Mongolian, Malay,\\nNegro, and Indian, but a multitude of authorities disagree\\non this point. Virey acknowledged but two races. Jacque-\\nnot and Cuvier divided them into three. Kant gave his\\nopinion in favour of four. Blumenbach divided them into\\nfive the common theory. Buffon deemed them to be six.\\nHunter and Pritchard gave seven. Agassiz thinks there\\nare eight. Pickering, eleven. St. Vincent enlarged to\\nfifteen. Desmoulins said there must be sixteen races. The\\ncelebrated Morton, twenty-two. Crawford s observation\\nfound sixty varieties, and Burke noted sixty-three. Very\\nmuch may be written on this subject of races, and in a\\nsubsequent work we propose to give our views at length\\non this interesting department of natural science. The\\norigin of the various races is a most interesting and puzzling\\ntheme.\\nMany a beautiful, yet fabulous, temple of theory has been\\nset up by philosophers of the past and present regarding\\nthe origin of man, and yet when the winds of investigation\\nblow upon them, they vanish like the dew of the early\\nmorning before the summer s sun.\\nWe have numerous evidences in history, as well\\nis the testimony of bone and rock, that the men of\\nprevious ages were much larger than at present, so that,\\n;aking these facts to reason from, we can come to no other\\nconclusion than that man is physically degenerating and\\nretrograding.\\nThe early history of Great Britain gives full assurance of\\nthe low mentality and barbarism which existed in that", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "256 VARIOUS RACES OF MEN.\\ncountry in ages past. Yet the strength of those rude\\nwarriors was amazing. There are spears and shields m\\nthe Tower of London which an ordinary man of the present\\nday could not handle. The suits of mailed armour are\\nenormous in weight; and the sword of Richard I. (Cceur\\nde Lion), which that monarch wore in battle, is enough for\\nany common soldier to carry, without using it for warlike\\npurposes. Compare this with the condition in stature,\\nintelligence, and cultivation of the people in England to-day.\\nThey are shorter, lighter, and weaker, physically, but far\\nmore active mentally and ten thousand times more work\\nis accomplished by the machinery contrived by English\\nminds than was ever done by the strong muscles of their\\nforefathers.\\nOur opinion, founded on these observations, is that\\noriginally man was a little lower, mentally, than the lowest\\ntype of the wild Australian savage or New Zealander, and\\nthe first specimen of the genus homo was rather uncouth\\nand clumsy, but strong enough to care for and defend\\nhimself against the wild animals by which he was sur-\\nrounded. We know positively that man has grown very\\nmuch in brain-power, but how low he was in intellect at\\nthe time, or soon after his creation, remains an open\\nquestion. Yet we are firmly convinced that he was always\\na man of some kind.\\nWhat are the operating causes which go to reduce the\\nphysical size and strength of mankind? We answer, that\\nnothing wields a more powerful influence over animal life\\nthan climate, and its effect can be more readily discerned\\nthan all other inclining forces. In the northern hemisphere\\nof America, we find that of late the seasons are growing\\ncolder, the earth is becoming drier while in England it\\nis the reverse, and this change affects animal and vegetable\\nlife as well as man. The same specimens of trees grow\\nmuch larger in tropical and temperate regions, than in the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "VARIOUS RACES OF MEN. 257\\nfrigid. The pines, which grow upwards of a hundred feet\\nhigh in North Carolina, are small enough in Spitzbergen\\nto be enclosed in a letter, without doubling the postage.\\nThe oak, in the Arctic regions, rarely reaches twenty feet,\\nwhile in Alabama and Mississippi it is five times as tall.\\nHeat expands all substances in nature, and cold contracts,\\nwater when converted into ice being the only exception.\\nThe Laplanders and Esquimaux, inhabiting a cold region\\nin the north, are about four and a-half feet high, while\\nsimilarly half savage tribes, living in the warmer lati-\\ntudes of Africa and Asia, are as tall as the best speci-\\nmens of Europeans. This change in climate is probably\\nowing to the Earth changing its poles, and tends constantly\\nto contract the bodies of men in America, and expand those\\nof England, and to dry up the lands of America, while\\nEngland continues moist; and this cycle changes alter-\\nnately in heat and cold in each country every few years.\\nSome attribute the lack of rain to the clearing of our\\nAmerican forest lands, while, in fact, it is owing to the\\nincreasing coldness, which is antagonistic to moisture. We\\noften hear the well-grounded assertion, that it is too cold\\nto rain. Those lands in Southern Illinois, denominated\\nswampy, and for that reason given by the United States\\nto that State thirty years since, are now all tillable. The\\nbed of the Mississippi is rapidly filling up, and very much\\nless water is discharged through this mighty river than\\neven twenty years ago. Actual surveys of Niagara Falls\\nevince the fact that less water, by several inches in depth,\\nruns over the Falls to-day than did thirty-five years ago,\\nor when Father Louis Hennepin, during the latter part of\\nthe seventeenth century, made the first survey of that\\nsublime cataract. The oceans are receding from the land,\\nand do not wash so high upon their shores as they did\\ntwo hundred years ago. Herodotus, the great Greek his-\\ntorian, who wrote over four hundred years before the birth", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "258 VARIOUS RACES OF MEN.\\nof Christ, tells us, that when Menes, the first sovereign who\\nexercised dominion over the whole land of Egypt, ruled,\\nhis territories were not very extensive, for all Lower Egypt\\nwas a morass. In California are found the fossil vertebra\\nof whales, high up in the gravelly bank, which is not now\\nreached by the salt waves of the Pacific. It is true that\\nvolcanic power could have lifted this bank, or sunk the bed\\nof the ocean, causing an apparent lessening of the waters;\\nbut our opinion, formed from this and other facts, leads us\\nto believe there is less water on the earth s surface than\\nthere was twenty, fifty, or one hundred years since.\\nThe water is gradually being taken up in the process of\\nbuilding the vegetable world, and thus converted into solid\\nsubstances. Hydrogen, the basis of vegetable life, is one\\nof the constituents forming water, by a union with oxygen,\\nand these two elements largely abound in vegetable and\\nmineral substances. Great changes are taking place on the\\nsurface of our globe through the agency of electricity and\\nchemical action, and all these changes tend to lessen the\\ngeneral bulk of the atmosphere and the oceans, by\\nconverting them into solids. Thus, things which are\\nseen are constantly coming from those things which are\\nunseen.\\nElectricity appears to have been a primal agency in\\nmoulding the visible universe into its present rounded form.\\nThe lightning currents passing through the coil of an electro-\\nmagnet, obtains increased power and intensity by taking\\nthe round or spiral direction, and if a sufficiently strong\\ncurrent can be produced, solid masses of iron may be sup-\\nported within the centre of the electric force, apparently\\nisolated from all surrounding bodies.\\nThe telescope has revealed the fact that many of the\\ndistant groups of nebulae partake of the same circular\\nor spiral form; and whether we watch a tiny mote float-\\ning in the sunbeam, or a mighty star sailing through", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "VARIOUS RACES OF MEN, 259\\nimmensity, the same law of circles seems to prevail and\\ngovern both. To Electricity, then, we attribute the cause,\\nin the Creator s hands, of all the forms of matter which\\nsurround us, and to its continued action may we assign\\nthe changes which are at present occurring on the surface\\nof the earth.\\nDuring the revolutionary war in America, we are told\\nthe average weight of officers in the army was 200\\npounds; and during the late civil war, the average amounted\\nto but 149 pounds. This is a decrease of 51 pounds in\\nabout eighty years, and if reliable, is certainly a striking\\nproof of the gradual decline in physical strength of the\\npeople of the American continent.\\nThe average height of the corn stalks in Illinois is\\ndecreasing, while the size of the ears of corn diminishes\\nin a similar ratio. The grasses are likewise much less in\\nheight than formerly. All this is owing to a lessened mean\\ntemperature of the atmosphere, and a consequent lack of\\nhumidity, which is the right hand support of all vegetation.\\nHow do we discover that North America is becoming\\ncolder? There are many evidences, a few of which we\\nwill offer: At that geological period, known as the Car-\\nboniferous era, when the vegetable matter which forms\\nour vast beds of coal was growing and being deposited\\nin successive layers, there were ferns and other specimens\\nof Cryptogamous plants growing in the north temperate\\nzone more than 120 feet in height: now, the largest ferns\\nin the same region are but samples of vegetation. The\\ncoal-forming era required much greater heat for the main-\\ntenance and rapid growth of those rank pulpy mosses\\nwhich have no existence at the present time. The atmo-\\nsphere held a larger amount of carbonic acid gas, and was\\ntherefore more dense, supplying the necessary food to\\nthose swift-developing vegetable forms. The rapid decay\\nof the falling vegetation would cause partial combustion,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "2 GO VARIOUS RACES OF MEN.\\nwhich in itself evolved a great amount of heat. The fossil\\nremains of animals are found in the rocks of temperate\\nregions, which now only inhabit the warm regions near\\nthe equator. The habits of those creatures were fitted\\nfor, and their food could alone be obtained in very warm\\nclimates, yet their remains are found imbedded in the ice,\\nfar to the north, in the region of perpetual snow. It is\\nevident, when they were alive, this cold climate was then\\nmuch warmer.\\nAgain, the strong assertions of old men, who are now\\nliving, that the seasons are far colder of late years than\\nwhen they were young, is another substantiation of this\\nfact. The cause of our Indian summer may be partially\\nexplained by the combustion of the dropping leaves in\\nthe fall. This combustion warms the atmosphere. As the\\nforests are removed, the amount of falling foliage is lessened,\\nconsequently our Indian summers are gradually vanishing\\nor less apparent. The cause being removed, the effect\\ndisappears. The application of those facts to the causes\\nwhich have operated, and are still operating, in producing\\nvarieties of race among men are very clear. Given, a\\nchange of climate, food, and surroundings, and man changes.\\nThe Duke of Sutherland imported some very fine specimens\\nof pure merino sheep into Scotland some years since. When\\nthose animals reached their new home, their wool was long\\nand silky. They were carefully kept separate from Scottish\\nsheep, and watched and fed by attentive shepherds, yet in\\nthree generations their wool was as short and curly as that\\nof any Highlander s flock in the country.\\nAnother instance. Some fine thorough-bred hogs were\\nshipped to the Cape of Good Hope for the purpose of\\nreplacing the long-nosed, slender-bodied chasers, common\\nto that part of Africa. Notwithstanding all the care taken\\nto preserve the purity of the breed, a very short time\\nwas sufficient to change all their characteristics, and their", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "VARIOUS RACES OF MEN.\\n261\\ndescendants were more like kangaroos than decent hogs.\\nClimate had done its work. So with man, the varieties\\nor races vary as he moves east or west, north or south.\\nIf the temperature of the earth s surface changes, he must\\nconform to the change, and obey nature s mandates. The\\nlaws of nature are immutable, but their operations are\\nconstantly producing variations in the form and character\\nof every living creature within her boundaries.\\nTruganini, native of Tasmania, with features representing igno-\\nrance, imprudence, stupidity, loquacity, and cannibalism. Her large,\\nprominent forehead does not, while her infantile face does, show her\\nmental weakness.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "COLOURS OF RACES AND WHAT THEY\\nINDICATE.\\nIn looking back over the records of history left by ancient\\nraces in their traditions, monuments, and language, we see\\nindications of varying colour in tribes and races of men.\\nSome of the ancient marbles, recording the triumphs\\nof the old Assyrian kings, portray light and dark races\\nchained as prisoners of war to their cars of triumph.\\nThe Gothic tribes, from which sprung many of the\\npresent European nations, were a fair-skinned, light-haired,\\nand blue-eyed race large of limb and tall of stature.\\nThe Celtic race are said to have been short, small, and\\nswarthy in complexion. These facts are enough to prove\\nthat a variation in colour, a, existed many thousands of\\nyears ago; the Assyrian nv .bles being estimated to be\\n5,000 years old.\\nThe entire period of human history contributes to prove\\nthat the light-haired, blue-eyed races are capable of the\\nhighest degree of civilization, and this race is produced\\nand flourishes only in the temperate zones. There was\\na period when blue-eyed persons were rarely seen, and\\nto-day, seven-eighths of the world s inhabitants have dark\\neyes. Varying circumstances, and the intermarriage of\\ndifferent races in temperate climates, will in time change\\nthe colour of any race and produce blue eyes.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "COLOURS OF RACES AND WHAT THEY INDICATE. 263\\nBy transporting the African to the temperate regions\\nof the United States or England, great changes may occur,\\nbut 1,000 years would not be capable of making him into\\nan Anglo-Saxon or Celt, Greek or Roman.\\nClassical authors have described some of the barbarous\\nGermanic races as having been xanthous, and others as\\nmelanic in complexion.\\nTacitus, for example, thus describes the Germans as fierce,\\nwith blue eyes and red hair, having large and powerful\\nbodies. Habitus quoque corporum, quanquam, in tanto\\nhominum, numero idem omnibus truces et cerulei oculi,\\nrutiloe comce magna, corpora, et cerulei, oculi impetum\\nvalida\\nHorace makes mention of the fact that there were many\\nblue-eyed youths in Germany Nee fera ccerulea domuit\\nGermanica pube.\\nAusonius and Lucan each called the Germans yellow-\\nhaired and blue-eyed.\\nThe ancient Danes are spoken of as light of hair and\\neyes.\\nDiodorus, Silius, Livy, and Strabo, each mentions that\\nsome of the Celts and Gauls had red, yellow, and golden\\nhair, or flavus and retilus. Yet it is generally acknow-\\nledged that the Celtic race were swarthy and dark-haired,\\nwith very few exceptions.\\nWith the above historical proofs, we will proceed to offer\\na scientific basis for this variation in colour, c. The law\\nof progress develops itself only amongst the variegated\\nraces, as those having different colour of hair, eyes, and\\ncomplexion. This law of variation has its origin in the\\nCaucasian race, and the fact of variety in one race proves\\nit can be brought to a great degree of perfection.\\nIt is a curious fact, that all the animals domesticated\\nwith us, which are of any benefit to mankind, had their\\norigin in the mountains of the Caucasus, and the same law", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "264 COLOURS OF RACES AND WHAT THEY INDICATE.\\nof variety in colour, which proves man capable of a high\\norder of civilization, also finds its counterpart among\\nanimals. Wherever we discover colour unchangeable in\\nanimals, from parent to offspring, there we have inability\\nfor domestication, or uselessness.\\nThe black bear, the zebra, the tiger, are all animals\\nuntamable, resisting all efforts of man to subdue them,\\nand their colours are as fixed as their natures; they never\\nchange in stripe or spot, more or less.\\nOn the contrary, the domestic animals are constantly\\nvarying in colour, and their progress in usefulness and\\ngentleness of character is steadily advancing.\\nThe dark races, where the universality of colour prevails,\\nare as perfect as they will ever be while remaining on the\\nplane where the Creator has placed them.\\nTake the Indian as an example, he is perfect in the\\nplace in which we find him, and every thing he has about\\nhim is just as perfect, as it has more than one entire office to\\nperform. Examine, if you please, the Indian s frail canoe.\\nAil the science of naval architecture cannot contrive a more\\nperfect thing. It is constructed of the lightest possible\\nmaterial, carries the heaviest burthen, draws the lightest\\ndraft, and is propelled by less power than any other pro-\\nportionate vessel. He paddles it up the smallest streams\\nhe comes to falls; takes it out and carries it round, and\\nsets it afloat once more upon the stream, and it goes wher-\\never his will or discretion may chance optate.\\nThe cool shadows of the night gather in the valleys,\\nand he draws his canoe on shore, turns it over, and a pro-\\ntecting roof is afforded.\\nHis modes of warfare are adapted by nature to his wants\\nlie cuts his bow from the first tree, while another furnishes\\nthe arrow; the sinews of the deer supply the string, and,\\nthus equipped and armed, he is ready for war or the chase.\\nIt is well known that the bow and arrow, in the hands of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "COLOURS OF RACES AND WHAT THEY INDICATE. 265\\nan Indian hunter, is not inferior, as a means of securing\\nthe buffalo or bear, to any instrument used by civilized\\npeople.\\nThe Indian, with his well-trained mature muscle, will\\ndraw a bow which a white man cannot bend, and will\\ndrive an arrow like lightning through the tough hide of a\\nbuffalo as large as an ox. Yet this same powerful and\\ndark-skinned race cannot withstand the influences of\\ncivilization, and ultimately fades away before them like\\ndew before the morning sun.\\nIt is only a few years since the North American Indians\\ninhabited that continent from ocean to ocean. But the\\neffect of civilization, in. the short space of two centuries, has\\ndriven them to the base of the Rocky Mountains, and into\\nthe deserts of Mexico, from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.\\nThe commercial enterprises of the fair-skinned races have\\nwell-nigh obliterated those once powerful tribes.\\nThis Indian transmits the same colour of hair, skin, and\\neyes, to succeeding generations without a single variation,\\nand he cannot be domesticated; while the Caucasian has\\nno assurance that his children will bear the same com-\\nplexion, shade of hair, or colour of eyes as himself or wife.\\nIn his family, both parents may be blue-eyed, and half\\nthe children may have eyes that are black or gray, yet\\nthe whole family are capable of the highest mental,\\nmoral, and social culture.\\nReasoning from analogy, the whiter anything is, the\\nmore pure and perfect it is likely to be of that species.\\nThe Guinea negro being the darkest of all races, is the\\nmost impure and imperfect: but the negroes in America\\nare far removed from the Guinea type; while, in con-\\ntrast with these, the white races move in the highest\\nplane of social life, and are foremost in the march of\\ncivilization.\\nLook at this from another point of view. Take the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "266 COLOURS OF RACES AND WHAT THE7 INDICATE.\\nvarious kinds of wood, and we shall find the white the\\nmost perfect.\\nThe oak, which has proudly braved the storms; of this,\\nthe black is the poorest, then the red is a little better, the\\nyellow still superior to the former two, but the white oak\\nis the most perfect of its species.\\nThen, again, suppose you wish to select a stone there\\nis the dark blue slate, or a better one, the gray granite,\\nor still better, the white marble; but the most perfect and\\ndurable is the diamond, which is the whitest and most\\nvaluable, being pure crystallized carbon, standing at the\\nhead of the mineral kingdom.\\nThus, reasoning from all nature, darkness and barbarism\\nare synonymous terms. How much purer is silver than\\ncopper or iron and platinum, which is white as silver, is\\nthe purest of the gross metals.\\nSugar, when not refined, is dark brown, yet afterwards\\nbecomes white.\\nCoal oil, as it comes from the well, is black, but after\\nbeing distilled becomes red, then yellow, and finally, with\\nthorough purification by refining, it assumes the trans-\\nparency of water, and is colourless.\\nMany other illustrations of the theory may be found in\\nGod s great laboratory nature. Take a sheet of common\\nwhite paper, how much more pure it is than when it was\\nrags. Chloride of lime, pure water, and the mechanical\\ningenuity of the manufacturer, unite to make it white\\nand pure.\\nLet us once more turn to the animal kingdom. We\\nshall find the offspring of all birds or animals are untam-\\nable which shew no variation in colour of hair or feathers.\\nInstances have been known where the bear, fox, leopard,\\nor tiger have been supposed to be tamed or domesticated,\\nhaving been taken when young but, as their nature\\nmatured, they have seized a child, and tearing the help-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "COLOURS OF RACES AND WHAT THEY INDICATE. 267\\nless creature in pieces, have then returned to their savage\\ncompanions in the forest. Those animals never vary in\\ncolour from their parents.\\nThe wild goose and turkey, after months of domestic\\nlife, betake themselves to aerial flights at the first oppor-\\ntunity, preferring a free wild life to a domestic one.\\nThe horse, dog, sheep, pig, and cattle, are ever varying\\nin colour from the original stock. The black sheep in a\\nfamily is sometimes found in the human one, as well as\\nin the woolly flock.\\nAll the fruits and vegetables which flourish well in a\\nstate of culture, are those which vary in the seedling, as\\nthe potatoe, turnip, apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry, c, c.\\nThese all had their origin where the white race flourished.\\nWe must conclude, therefore, that colour is the banner\\nunder which nationalities and types are to be classified,\\nas far as regards their susceptibility of improvement.\\nThe following comparison from nature will shew how\\nshe colours her different departments. All things corres-\\npond nothing is out of proportion or disarranged.\\nIn spring everything is green, the skies green or blue\\nto correspond.\\nIn summer there is some haze, and the sun in rising and\\nsetting gives off a golden expression, so the fields reflect a\\nyellow light.\\nThe autumn presents a more mellow appearance; the air\\nis balmy, the fruits give forth their odours, the smoke and\\nhaze of fall takes off the sharpness of the keen sunlight,\\nand softens the purple and brown tints upon the hill sides\\ninto glorious landscapes of richest hues.\\nThen comes cold, cheerless, and cloudy winter, with his\\nsnowy mantle enveloping all nature in white folds. The\\nchill winds drive back life s scarlet flow, until the cheeks\\nof human kind vie with the colourless surroundings.\\nThere are hares (Lepus timidus) in Central New", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "2G8 COLOURS OF RACES AND WHAT THEY INDICATE.\\nYork that are white in winter and gray in summer, and\\nweasels, or more correctly stoats {Mammalia carnivora),\\nwhich exchange their summer gray for winter white.\\nThese facts only prove that nature keeps in harmony\\nwith herself in all her different departments.\\nNature being our sole true teacher, we should take\\nlessons from her in choosing the colours of our garments\\nfor different seasons. Each period should have its dress\\nto correspond, and humanity should display as much\\nsense of appropriateness in apparel, as other portions of\\nanimal life.\\nIn winter, in snowy regions, we should wear white or,\\nif heavy clouds shade and darken the land, we should wear\\nblack.\\nIn spring, something green would harmonize with nature,\\nand in summer, lighter colours, such as blue and buff would\\naccord well.\\nWhen the fall comes, browning the foliage and vegetation,\\nthe lesson taught is, to wear brown or gray, and such flowers\\nas are of a dark colour.\\nIn spring, the flowers worn should be bright, like the\\nblossoms of earth. As each season has its garb to be in\\nharmony with it, so we should adapt our colours to its\\nprevailing tints, that we may appear to belong to that\\nworld of which we are all a part.\\nThe colours of races would be adjusted in accordance\\nwith the same natural law. Cold white countries would\\nhave animals of the same complexion, and people who\\nwould correspond with their surroundings.\\nBut, we suppose that the different periods of the world\\nhave produced varying colours of races; for the Indians,\\nwhether found in warm or cold climates, are dark and\\ncoppery. The deductions to be made are these The\\ncarboniferous era produced dark animals, dark people, and\\ndark earth formations, and as the earth grew colder, the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "COLOURS OF RACES AND WHAT THEY INDICATE- 269\\npeople became lighter who had their origin at a later\\nperiod, and thus was the earth peopled.\\nWe find everything corresponds with this deduction.\\nThe oldest inhabitants should be the most degraded, and\\nthe latest production the most enlightened; and such is\\nthe fact. The dark races are fading away. We believe\\nthe dark races inhabited the whole world at one time;\\nthen came the lighter or coppery race, who peopled the\\nearth and nourished for a time. Then, at a later period,\\nthe white races made their appearance, and with them\\ncame great advances in progress, which surpassed all former\\ngrowth, each class of the white race being superior to\\nthat preceding it.\\nWe think this will be found to be the true solution of\\nthe problem, the cause of the production of lighter races\\nin succession being, because nature, with her unerring laws,\\ndemands a correspondence in colour, as well as in all other\\ncharacteristics. The white races are advancing, and indeed\\nall races move from the coarser to the finer texture, from\\nthe physical to the spiritual.\\nThe Indian is a superior being to the Negro, and the\\nwhite man is superior to them both. Thus we find that\\nin the creation, as we rise in intellect, the animal tribes\\nand man are possessed of more complicated organs of\\nthought, and, as a result, of more intelligence.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "THE GENERATIVE CAPACITY.\\nBe fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth. Gen ix. 1.\\nNature has placed in all vegetable and animal life a\\nprinciple of reproduction, of which the cardinal character-\\nistic is, that like produces like. The theory of spontaneous\\ngeneration denies this characteristic, by asserting that,\\nunder favourable conditions, inert matter can give rise to\\nwhat is so essentially different from itself, as vitalized or\\nmoving matter. The h priori argument is, however, so\\nstrong against the possibility of that which is dead origi-\\nnating that which is living, that I consider it much more\\nreasonable to suppose that, under those circumstances which\\nare falsely conceived to favour spontaneous generation,\\nveritable living germs are developed into a size and\\nactivity which, for the first time, bring them within the\\nrange of human cognition. This theory of spontaneous\\ngeneration has actually been carried to the extreme hypo-\\nthesis, that the earth, of her own inherent energy, produced\\nthe first human beings, in other words, the proposition\\nhas been broached, that matter could give rise to mind.\\nEven the Greek mythologists, in their fanciful account of\\nthe origin of man, escaped this materialistic tendency, for\\nwhile, according to the fable, Prometheus succeeded in\\nfashioning clay into the human form, he was yet obliged to\\nobtain from heaven the divine fire the ethereal flame by", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "THE GENERATIVE CAPACITY. 271\\nwhich alone he could inspire his creatures with life and\\nthought.\\nBut although the thing produced always bears a clearly\\nmarked resemblance to the producing agent, it cannot be\\nan exact copy of the parent stock, unless it is generated\\nunder exactly the same circumstances. Those variations of\\ntype which are the result of the varieties of circumstance,\\nhave been referred by Mr. Darwin to what he calls Natural\\nSelection, and still more lately described by Mr. Spencer as\\nthe Survival of the Fittest. The causes of variation in the\\nstructure and functions of the successive generations of a\\nspecies are, in some instances, clearly discernible; but in the\\nvast majority of cases they elude discovery. It sometimes\\nhappens that the variations of structure fail to keep pace\\nwith the changes in circumstance. For example, a recent\\nEnglish writer has pointed out a number of organs in the\\nhuman system, such as the spleen and the pineal gland,\\nwhich at one time doubtless served some purpose in the\\nanimal economy, but having now survived their usefulness,\\ncontinue to exist only as the mysterious representatives of\\npast conditions of human life.\\nThe generative propensity is the subtle source of a\\npowerful attraction to the opposite sex; but those who\\nare deficient in this regard have at least this compensation,\\nthat they find it comparatively easy to preserve the modest\\nreserve of their manners and the virtue of their character.\\nThis appears, when we consider that a great capacity for\\ngeneration induces a strong inclination to sexual connection,\\nfor it is a law of nature, that those who are liberally\\nendowed with any capacity are always prompted to its\\nliberal using. Those animals with large mouths are natur-\\nally large feeders, while those which possess dilated nostrils\\nare gifted with a keen scent, and a strong disposition to\\nuse it. If a man is largely endowed with the numerical\\nfaculty, he will so delight in its use that he will almost", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "272 THE GENERATIVE CAPACITY.\\ninvoluntarily count the telegraph poles on his way, or the\\nplanks in the bridge which he crosses. The generative\\ncapacity is no exception to this rule hence it always\\nstimulates desire, and renders self-restraint difficult.\\nHuman beings differ greatly in their productive capacity\\nsome persons being blessed with very large families, while\\nothers appear incapable of generation. The desire of off-\\nspring the wish to stamp one s nature, as well as to\\ntransmit one s name and fortune is one of the most natural,\\ngeneral, and useful of human passions. The Jews, in\\ncommon with most ancient nations, considered a large\\nfamily a great social distinction; and the Romans rewarded\\nthe parents of many children with civic honours. But in\\nthese days of luxury and selfishness, children are too often\\nconsidered a nuisance, whose birth is to be prevented, if\\npossible, and whose rearing is to be transferred to ignorant\\nand irresponsible servants.\\nGirls are usually trained to believe that animal passion\\nIS; among women at least, a sign of coarseness, whereas, in\\neither sex, it is the invariable accompaniment of a perfect\\nphysical organization. Generation transmits the essence\\nof life, and the generative impulse shews, therefore, an\\nabundance of the life force. Washington and Jackson were\\nchildless, but the life-element of these great men was\\nemployed in loftier and more useful exercises than the\\nmere multiplication of the species. The inferiority of the\\nchildren of great men has been often and justly remarked,\\nyet the rule is not without exceptions, as we see in the\\ncase of the Adams family in America, and in the Pitts\\nand Foxes of England. In the latter country, the sons of\\nMrs. Trollope, Disraeli, and Bulwer, and the daughters\\nof Thackeray have all achieved literary distinction; and\\nin France, the sons of Paul de Kock, Alexander Dumas\\nGeorge Sand, and Victor Hugo have been equally cele-\\nbrated.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "THE GENERATIVE CAPACITY. 273\\nThe importance of generation in the economy of nature\\nis plainly manifested by the assiduous care with which it\\nis guarded. In the Vegetable kingdom, the seeds are\\nwrapped until fully ripe, and often long after ripening, in\\na protecting envelope. They are, moreover, placed in that\\npart of the flower or fruit where they are least likely to\\nbe broken or prematurely dispersed, as in the apple, peach,\\nc. In like manner, in all animal life, including the human\\nspecies, the organs of generation are so located as to be\\nmost effectually protected from external injury. Here, as\\neverywhere, we have occasion to trace the wisdom and\\ngoodness of the Creator, and to acknowledge, in silent\\nadoration, the perfection of His orderings.\\nEven if I would, I could not\\nEven if I could, I would not\\nTurn the course of Time s great river,\\nIn its grand majestic flow;\\nGrapple with those mighty causes,\\nWhose results I may not know.\\nAll life s sorrows end in blessings,\\nAs the future yet shall show.\\nWe find by observation, that the most prolific animals\\nare of a round form. The turtle, which lays from sixty to\\none hundred eggs per season, is nearly as round as a ball,\\nand the domestic hen is of a similar figure. Those human\\nbeings who are remarkable for their generative capacity\\nhave this same round build. They are also distinguished by\\nthe prominence and width of the face in the region of the\\neyes. The desire of coition, which is an attempt at pro-\\nduction, is the invariable result of all ardent love for the\\nopposite sex. Hence the eyes, which are one of the signs\\nof love, are placed in juxtaposition with the sign of the\\ngenerative propensity; for whenever nature assigns a similar\\nfunction to any two parts of the body, she always places\\nthem in close local connection. The face of the rabbit\\nwhich bears more young at a single birth than most", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "274\\nTHE GENERATIVE CAPACITY.\\nanimals, is widest at the eyes, from which point it rapidly\\nnarrows above and below. Hogs are rather wide and\\nfull at the eyes and they bear several at a birth, and\\nsometimes bring forth two, and even three litters in a\\nyear.\\nThe multiparous animals, such as the cat (Felis domes-\\ntica), and the rabbit (Lepus cuniculus), all measure wide\\nacross the head at the eyes. Those which are biparous are\\nnarrower in this region, while the uniparous species are the\\nnarrowest of all. The cow, which usually brings forth but\\none calf at a birth, and never produces but once in a year,\\nis as large or larger at her horns than across her eyes.\\nAmong human beings, hollow temples and sunken eyes\\nare the invariable signs of unfruitfuluess. Jackson s face\\nis remarkable for its narrowness in the region of the eyes.\\nI append a brief and incomplete list of those animals which\\nmay be considered peculiarly typical of the uniparous,\\nbiparous, and multiparous zoological groups:\\nUNIPAROUS ANIMALS.\\nAfrican Elephant,\\nIndian Elephant,\\nIndian Rhinoceros,\\nRhinaster, or Borele,\\nKeitloa,\\nKobaoba,\\nWhite Rhinoceros,\\nHippopotamus, or Zeekoe,\\nTapir,\\nKuda Ayer or Malayan Tapir,\\nZebra,\\nQuagga,\\nDziggetai or Koulan,\\nAss,\\nBuffalo,\\nCape Buffalo,\\nBanteng, or Javan Ox,\\nBison,\\nAurochs,\\nCamel,\\nBactrian Camel,\\nLoxodonta Africana.\\nElephas Indicus.\\nRhinoceros unicornis.\\nRhinoceros bicornis.\\nRhinoceros Keitloa.\\nRhinoceros Oswellii.\\nRhinoceros Simus.\\nHippopotamus amphibius.\\nTapir us terrestris.\\nTapirus Malay onus.\\nAsinus Zebra.\\nAsinus Quagga.\\nAcinus Onager.\\nAsinus vulgaris\\nBubalus buffdus.\\nBubalus Caffer.\\nBibos Banteng.\\nBison Americanus,\\nBison Bonassus.\\nCamelus A rabicus.\\nCamelus Bactrianus,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "THE GENERATIVE CAPACITY.\\n275\\nAlpaca Llama,\\nOx,\\nZebu,\\nHorse,\\nRoebuck,\\nReindeer,\\nStag or Red Deer.\\nFallow Deer,\\nSheep,\\nGoat,\\nGiraffe,\\nEland,\\nIbex,\\nKoodoo,\\nHartbeest,\\nBrindled Gnoo,\\nRock Kangaroo,\\nWoolly Kangaroo,\\nBrown Bear,\\nSyrian Bear,\\nAmerican Black Bear.\\nGrizzly Bear,\\nSeal,\\nLlama Pacoa*\\nDomestic.\\nBos Indicus.\\nWild and domestic\\nCapreolus Caproea.\\nTarandus Rangifer.\\nCervus Elaphus.\\nDama Vulgaris.\\nOris Aries.\\nHircus Aegagrus.\\nGiraffe Camelopardalia.\\nOrcas Canna.\\nCapra Ibex.\\nStrepsiceros Kudu.\\nAlcephalus Caama.\\nConnochetes Gorgon.\\nPetrogale pencillata.\\nMacropus Laniger,\\nBIPAROTJS ANIMALS.\\nUrsus Arctos.\\nUrsus Isabellinus.\\nUrsus Amerlcanus.\\nUrsus Horribilis.\\nPhoca Vitulina.\\nMULTIPAROUS ANIMALS.\\nLion, Leo Barbarus.\\nTiger, Tigris Begalis.\\nNewfoundland Dog, Canis familiaris.\\nThere are over forty varieties of dogs all belonging to this Class.\\nWolf, Canis Lupus.\\nHog, Sus scrofa.\\nAmerican Fox, Vulpes fulvus.\\nOpossum, Didelphys Virginiana.\\nHedgehog, Erinaceus Europoeus.\\nRacoon, Procyon lotor.\\nRabbit, Lepus cuniculus.\\nHare, Lepus timidus.\\nPole Cat Putorius foetidus.\\nSkunk, Mephitis varians.\\nCat, Felis domestica.\\nMarmot, Arctomys Marmotta.\\nMink, Vison Lutreola.\\nMusk Rat, or Ondatra, Fiber Zibethicus.\\nSquirrel, S. Vulgaris, and S. Carolimnms\\nEat, Mus decumanus.\\nMouse, Mus musculus.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH.\\nAn acquaintance with Physiognomy enables us to surround\\nthe young with such attractive influences, in the shape\\nof education, that their future paths of life lead onward\\nto virtue, wealth, and honour. Train up a child in the\\nway he should go, while it is a profound axiom in morals,\\nhas also an obverse side; for the child is frequently trained\\nin the way he should not go so that in age a departure\\nfrom the wrong becomes as impossible as from the right.\\nWe can never over-estimate the importance of right\\ntraining in childhood.\\nThe highest aim of the best civilization is to produce good\\nand useful men and women and as goodness and usefulness\\nare increased or diminished by health or disease, it follows\\nthat the preliminary to all true moral growth is a body\\nphysically sound. As the end of life is to be good and true,\\nthe beginning of life must be a preparation for it. Take\\nno heed what ye shall eat or drink, or wherewithal ye\\nshall be clothed! may have been an excellent motto for\\nthe early teachers of. Christianity in a world then, as now,\\ndevoted to shows and shams, but it is not applicable to the\\nrearing of children. Indeed, the first question to be asked\\nshould be, How shall we clothe the new born infant?\\nThousands of helpless little creatures are annually slaugh-\\ntered through ignorance of parents on this all-import ini\\nsubject. We frequently find newly born children with", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH. 277\\nUieir tiny arms and chests exposed to the cold air, or\\ncovered with a flimsy piece of cotton, as an apology for\\nprotection to the delicate and sensitive network of blood-\\nvessels just commencing to carry their minute streams of\\nheat and life from the heart to other parts of the body.\\nInstead of thin cotton, they should have soft wool or\\ncanton flannel on the legs, arms, and chest, and should\\nalways be thoroughly covered, as warmth is of equal\\nimportance with food in this early stage of life. Some\\nparents, with the best motives, wash very young children\\nin cold water at least once a day, while they would shiver\\nat the thought of being forced themselves to the same\\nablutions. Infants require warmth under all circumstances,\\nfor at least some months after birth; and the mournful\\nwailing too frequently heard from their throats, which\\nshould early learn to sing, is caused by chilliness, inducing\\nindigestion and difficulty in breathing. As cold is unfa-\\nvourable to the circulation of the blood, so absence of\\ngrowth follows in its train. The puny arms of children\\nare so many mute appeals against this pernicious custom\\nof covering them with thin clothing. When the body is\\ncomfortable, the nervous action is harmonious, and instead\\nof irritation and crying, the child manifests pleasure\\nby infantile smiles and peaceful sleep. Wool and silk are\\nbetter non-conductors of heat than cotton, and for this\\nreason more suitable for children s clothing in fact, a proper\\namount of clothing in a variable climate is a great preserver\\nof health for persons of all ages. We have no right to\\nintroduce children into the world without making proper\\nprovision for their food, clothing, and education; and the\\ntime may come when society will pass a law for the pro-\\ntection of children in these respects. Statistics prove the\\nunfortunate fact that the poorest districts in large centres\\nof population shew the largest number of children but the\\nsame tables also shew that some prolific families have a", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "278 THE HEARING OF YOUTH.\\nmuch greater number of deaths, clearly proving that the\\nignorance and other ills incident to poverty are disastrous\\nto the lives of the young. Next in importance to cloth-\\ning comes the question of food. Nature has wisely pro-\\nvided against mistakes and ignorance in this matter, by\\ncausing the mother to become the source of the child s\\nnourishment. Too frequently, however, through previous\\nunfortunate training, or ill health, the mother is unable to\\nsupply proper food to her child. When this source fails,\\nthe next best resource is milk direct from the breast of\\nanother woman, who is in good health, and of an amiable\\ndisposition. The moment we step outside natural con-\\nditions, responsibilities begin to increase thus, the selection\\nof a good nurse is of the highest importance. The blood\\nof a virago imparts ire to her milk and acrimony to her\\nsuckling. The milk of sin cannot nourish righteousness.\\nA child put out to nurse with a woman of ugly disposition\\nbecame wholly unmanagable at four years of age, and was\\nsent to a house of correction at the age of five, while the\\nremaining children (three in number), who were nursed by\\ntheir own mother, possessed mild and amiable tempers.\\nNo other cause could be assigned for the difference between\\nthis child and the others, but that of the vicious food which\\nit drew from its improper nurse. Next to human milk,\\nthat of the cow comes first in order, and if the animal\\nbe not sprightly and good tempered, her milk is not fit for\\nthe child s food. After a certain period of growth, the\\nteeth begin to make their appearance, which is an indica-\\ntion that other descriptions of food are then required. What\\nshall it be? If we enter any of the tens of thousands of\\ncountry dwellings scattered over the west, in nearly all of\\nthem maybe found young children; and if we chance to\\nsit down at meal time with the family, we shall observe\\nthe baby of one year old seated in its high chair at the\\ntable, where smoked bacon, rank coffee, sour bread and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH. 279\\nvegetables cooked in fat, are the sole dishes for use, unless\\na tough-crusted, dried apple-pie happens to be added by\\nway of extras, and yet not one of those articles named\\nis fit for that child s stomach, and, we might almost add,\\nfit for those of mature years. But so it is, day after day,\\nand year after year, if its constitution can bear it, such\\nfood is forced into the stomach; and the result is, a young\\nheir of immortal strength and beauty, a little lower than\\nthe angels, becomes transformed into a being of coarse\\nfeatures, still coarser passions, and the world sits down\\nto count her loss. Those articles of food which retain the\\nvital principle, such as wheat, corn, and vegetables, are\\nthe best suited to build up a healthy organism. We think\\nwhat we eat. The tiger and lion, which destroy and\\nravenously eat their red-blooded feast, respond to its\\nnature in cruelty and savageness, while the domestic cattle,\\nlike the sheep and cow, shew the results of a diet of grain\\nand grass in lives peaceful and contented. Wheat contains\\nespecially the two ingredients necessary to build up bone\\nand muscle in the human frame. Meat is like chaff, or\\nthe fibrous straw, not the soul or essence that lives.\\nThe life of the flesh is in the blood so say the Scrip-\\ntures. When the blood is drawn out in slaughtering the\\nanimal, the meat that is left contains only a small amount\\nof nutriment, and it takes large quantities to b\u00c2\u00b0 sufficient\\nto nourish the human system. The wisdom of using\\nGraham or unbolted flour for bread consists in the fact\\nthat the outside of the grain holds the lime or calcareous\\nmatter, while the interior furnishes the starchy substance;\\nthose two build up the muscles and bones, and are found\\nin wheat in better proportion than in any other cereal.\\nTo make the genuine Graham bread from this flour,\\nfollow the directions given below. Take of unbolted flour\\nsufficient to make the desired quantity, and mix with cold\\nwater to the consistence of pancake batter, add a little", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "280 THE REARING OF YOUTH.\\nsalt. Then have a griddle with sufficient scallops to hold\\nten or twelve, or more of the size of a biscuit each; grease\\nthe griddle that the biscuit may not stick. Heat the oven\\nand griddle as hot as possible below red heat, then ladle\\nthe batter into the griddle, place it quickly into the oven,\\nand when well baked, it can conscientiously be placed\\nupon the table as the most healthy, nourishing, and the\\nsweetest of all kinds of bread having never been soured to\\nraise, yet it is very light. Large loaves may be made of\\nGraham flour, with hop yeast, as white bread is made, by\\nadding a tea-cup of molasses to a good-sized batch of dough.\\nCareful housekeepers will remember the secret of success\\nlies in following closely the directions given. Ripe fruit, as\\nan article of daily food, is one of the best that can be givun\\nto children; its effect is to keep the liver in an active\\nhealthy condition, by which means digestion is thorough\\nand perfect. Pork should never be placed on the table\\nbefore the young, as it tends to feed their animal nature\\ntoo much, rendering the blood sluggish, and destroying that\\ndelicacy of taste which is the especial privilege of youth.\\nTea, like pepper, spices, and vinegar, is wholly unfit\\nfor children, creating in them an appetite for stimulus,\\nand this grows with more mature years, demanding more\\nand more excitants, until the desire has become so strong\\nthat the answer is only found in rum, brandy, and whisky.\\nBy this means parents throw around their boys the influ-\\nence of the grog-shop and gambling house, and the mother\\nwakes up too late to find her son surely on the road to ruin.\\nHis downfall was commenced in his father s house by\\nsetting daily an intemperate table. Place before your\\nchildren plain diet, throw out of the door or window your\\nspices, pepper, and teapot, and then your child may grow\\nup a temperate and honourable man. Tea contains Theine,\\nwhich is a poison, and coffee, caffeine, also a poison; both of\\nthese are extracted or drawn out in the process of making", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH. 281\\nten, and coffee, and ignorant people drink it, believing\\nit does them good. The effect of coffee is also to thicken\\nthe blood, inducing torpidity of the liver; consequently we\\ninvariably find that regular coffee drinkers are liable to\\nbilious attacks, frequently resulting in bilious fever,\\nending in death. Inactivity of the liver induces fever\\nague, dumb ague,* jaundice, and its effect on the brain is\\nto produce mental obtuseness or stupidity. Tea, by stimu-\\nlating the nervous system, often produces mental imbecility\\nand nervous derangement of a serious character.\\nAfter food and clothing, the next important step with\\nregard to the young is education. The effect of proper mental\\ntraining is so great, not only upon the physiognomy of the\\ngrowing child, but on the future conduct of manhood, that\\ntoo great stress cannot be laid upon its vast importance.\\nThe world is to be regenerated alone by the advances and\\nimprovements made in the education of the rising genera-\\ntion. Every day a certain number of worn-out bodies\\ndie, while an equal number of young men step into their\\nplaces. If they are wiser and better than those whose\\npositions they fill, the world is just so much the better, and\\nvice versa. An extended summary of the method and\\nresults of education will therefore be tolerated by every\\nthoughtful reader. The capacity for civilization, or educa-\\ntional influences upon a race will vary with the time their\\nancestors have been subject to them. Those who have\\nbeen in the path of progress only a few years, are not\\nsusceptible of more than small attainments. This prin-\\nciple is demonstrated in the schools of the south in the\\nAmerican States to-day, in the islands of the Pacific,\\nand indeed among all uncivilized tribes, where missionaries\\nhave been. This theory may appear novel to the general\\nreader, but not to those who have, through years of unre-\\nmitted observation, paid attention to the subject.\\nWhen I gave my first course of lectures in Boston, this", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "282\\nTHE REARING OF YOUTH.\\nwhite boy was brought to me for an examination, and in\\nno instance have I seen a better example of a high sensa-\\ntional nature, intensity of organization, and a true type oi\\nYoung America/ Such children need rural life, plain\\nfood, and complete abstrusion from books and school. This\\nWhite Boy. Orison J. Stone, of Boston, who\\nlearned his letters at three years of age,\\nand could repeat a large book from memory\\nwhen three years and six months old.\\nNegro Boy.\\nnegro boy, with his feeble intellect, which meagreness he\\ninherited from his forefathers, who cultivated only their\\nanimal passions and motary powers, can accomplish very\\nlittle; while the white boy s ancestors were among the best\\neducated families in the world, and he inherited a large\\nbrain and intense sensations from those who had used and\\nenlarged their powers of sensation before him. He is\\ncognoscitive, and known to be capable of much mental\\nlabour. The negro boy, after many years schooling, can\\nhardly write his own name, or solve the plainest problem\\nin arithmetic. The white boy is an adept in memorizing\\nand retention.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH. 283\\nThe first lessons, and the most important ones in the\\neducation of the child, must come from the mother; there\\nare no others so valuable and lasting as her influence, and\\nthat of home. Fanny Fern once said, A mother s time\\ncan in no way be better expended than in talking to her\\nboy. I deem this the greatest truth ever told by anj\\nperson in modern times. Those early impressions stamp\\nthe coming man or woman for intellectual eminence and\\nhonourable fame, or for disgrace and infamy. Short moral\\nlessons, which any good mother can give, are the moulds\\ninto which the rectitude of her child is run. How vividly\\ncome back in late years the impressions made upon the\\nmind while in childhood we lingered around the loved\\nmother s footsteps\\nI love to wander back at times,\\nThrough memory s faded halls\\nAnd gaze upon the cherish d scenes\\nThat hang upon its walls.\\nFriends, playmates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 those of days gone by\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCome thronging into view;\\nThe good, the loved, the beautiful\\nFair forms that round me grew.\\nUpon the hill the schoolhouse stands\\nEmbowered neath the trees,\\nWhere, every morn the bell s sweet tones\\nRing out upon the breeze.\\nBeyond, the peaceful crystal stream\\nFlows languidly away,\\nWhile on its banks a happy group\\nOf merry children play.\\nThus, scenes, bright scenes to memory dear,\\nCome crowding o er each other\\nBut the dearest one of all to me\\nIs the fond face of my mother.\\nAs those impressions are ever fresh, how wonderful is\\ntheir value to us. Hence the transcendent importance,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "284 THE REARING OF YOUTH.\\nthat the mother s teachings should be faithful and true\\nto her highest convictions of right and duty. The delicate\\nimpressible mind of the child can go no further back than\\nthose first of home persuasion and discipline.\\nObedience should be the ftrst great duty taught\\nTO A child, because, when old enough to do wrong, it is\\nsufficiently old to correct. Were all children taught to\\nobey and respect their parents, much sorrow would be\\nsaved to age and silvery locks. How true are the words\\nof that sweet singer of Israel, who said, The fear of\\nthe Lord is the beginning of wisdom. Observe, not the\\nmiddle or end, but the beginning, thus obedience is the\\nfirst prime lesson inculcated.\\nLove follows obedience, and here again we may be\\npermitted to quote that old book where it says, Perfect\\nlove casteth out fear, and when love is established between\\nparent and child, obedience grows therefrom, and the future\\nsteps forward become surer and easier. Love is the centre\\naround which revolves the whole affectional nature of man.\\nIt is the lever which moves the social circle, and it becomes\\nthe mother s duty to lead aright and preserve in purity\\nthe affections of herself.\\nKeep thou love s purity,\\nTo God leave the rest,\\nKnow then in surety,\\nThy care will be blest.\\nThe love of a tranquil home enters into a child s soul\\nlike sunshine into the rosebud, slowly but surely expand-\\ning it into beauty and loveliness. The cultivation of the\\naffections and the development of the bodily senses begin\\ntogether. The first effort of the intellect is that of indivi-\\ndualization, and next, is to associate in the mind tire names\\nof objects with the sight of them.\\nAn early habit of close observation is of very\\ngreat value, and the method of object teaching is the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH. 285\\nmost effectual plan, because the eye and the ear correct\\nand criticise each other s impressions, leading to an accurate\\nappreciation of the various objects with which the child\\ncomes in contact. As the mind becomes more capable of\\njudgment we may commence to teach principles, but it\\nis necessary to explain the reasons clearly and definitely,\\nor the child will begin to resign itself to authority, and\\ntime in this way is worse than wasted or thrown away.\\nThe memory may be improved by increasing credulity,\\nwithout adding an iota to the stock of real knowledge,\\nand this prepares the mind for any kind of slavery which\\nknaves or superstitious people may choose to impose upon\\nthem. If we assist the young to attend to the result of\\nevery action, to adjust their little deviations while giving\\nfree exercise to their observation and reason, they will\\ngain facts, and educe principles, which no later influences\\ncould controvert. Those evidences of truth would be food\\nfor reflection which temptation would fail to remove. By\\nsuch a system of training, the young mind would ultimate\\nin the forming of a person who would fulfil the high destiny\\nfor which he was created, making himself and others\\naround him happy. There are plenty of schools in our\\ncountry to give the proper training to youth in mental\\nstudies, but none to teach him how to conduct himself\\nafter he leaves that school. This is the real and important\\nwork of home, but unfortunately it is left \\\\ery frequently\\nto circumstances good or bad around in the community\\nwhere his lot is cast.\\nPoliteness is one of the fine arts of life, and an\\nelement by w 7 hich success and honour are obtained. It\\nshould be an object with all parents to teach their children\\ntrue politeness. This lies not in a bow or simple Thank\\nyou, but in a feeling of unselfish desire to make others\\nhappy. The Golden Rule which Thales, the Greek Philo-\\nsopher, Confucius, the Chinese Lawgiver, and still later,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "286 THE REARING OF YOUTH.\\nJesus, the Galilean, taught, of And as ye would that men\\nshould do to you, do ye also to them likewise, the founda-\\ntion of all true politeness, and when put in practice will lead\\nus on the road of philanthropic good manners to all mankind.\\nChildren should be taught to give a pleasant bow and\\nsmile to those they meet, and especially to acquaintances.\\nHow winning is a smile, how little it costs, and yet how\\nreadily and largely it sells. One simple heartfelt smile,\\nwith courteous manners, may make your fortune. Those\\nwhose politeness has its basis in selfishness, will appear\\npolite only when it appears to their interest to be so,\\nbut when that is not at stake, their manners are boorish\\nand repulsive.\\nGentleness is a virtue too rarely found in young\\nboys; their boisterous sports may conduce to make them\\nwild, but it is a sure sign of a superior mind to see a\\nyouth of twelve or fourteen give evidence of the influence\\nof a kind and tender mother. There can be no possible\\nobjection to a boy being playful, but roughness of manners\\nis twin to ugliness of person, and either are great defects\\nin the young, but readily subdued by good sense and kind\\nwishes for others.\\nPatience is a rare virtue, so rare, that patient men\\nare like showers upon the desert, rarely seen, but always\\ngladly received. A patient boy is a rara avis. If any\\nof my young readers will consider a moment that the letters\\nthat go to make us those words were each set up separately,\\nand that many men worked days and even years in con-\\ntriving and perfecting those wonderful steam printing\\npresses, which readily throw ofT 20,000 newspaper impres-\\nsions every hour, they will comprehend something that\\ncan be accomplished by patience and perseverence. The\\nconstant action of the rain and frost crumbles away the\\nmighty mountain, so will your patient efforts in time\\nremove mountains of difficulty from the journey of life.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH. 287\\nCultivate pathnce, then, to promote your own harpinesa\\nas well as that of others. When we give way to nights\\nof bad temper, it becomes at last our master, and we are\\nheld in ignoble slavery. Every time we lose self-control\\nthe harmony of our lives departs, happiness flies away, and\\nthe pleasant face of the world, reflecting our own image,\\nwears a frown, which is destructive of peace and content-\\nment.\\nCommingling of the Sexes. The advantages of an\\neducation where boys and girls occupy the same room,\\nand where the lessons are pursued together, are very great.\\nSocially, intellectually, and morally, those children are\\nbetter than if educated separately. Do we not see how\\npolite and careful, as well as gallant the boy of sixteen\\nbecomes when in the presence of his young lady friends.\\nWhen a troop of boys go nutting in the woods, how rough\\nand savage they often are; but how subdued in demeanour,\\nhow gentlemanly they become when their female compan-\\nions appear. This purifying influence of the sexes upon\\neach other, it is impossible to over-estimate. It restrains\\nsolitary vice, cultivates self-respect, induces a generous\\nrivalry in noble paths, and builds up true men and women\\ncalculated to benefit themselves and those around them.\\nLike the sun in spring-time, it produces a rapid growth\\nof the moral nature.\\nAll children should have an aim in life, and an\\nhonourable means of support. Franklin said, He who\\nhas a trade has an estate. Every young person, male or\\nfemale, should learn a trade, or have some specific occupa-\\ntion. You may be the son or daughter of a rich man\\nto-day, but to-morrow you may be homeless and dependent\\nupon your own exertions. The fluctuating and evanescent\\ncondition of wealth is such, that its permanence cannot be\\nrelied on except in very few cases. There are thousands\\nof families in this country, now poor and needy, who once", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "288 THE REARING OF YOUTH.\\npossessed wealth sufficient to gratify every whim and\\ncaprice. In the midst of their prosperity the storm or\\nfire came and swept off all, leaving them to the cold uncer-\\ntain charity of the busy world. When the reverse, or\\npoverty comes, the first question that arises, is, What shall\\nI do for a living? You ask your feet, and they say, I do\\nnot know. You question your hands, and the -answer is,\\nI have never learned to do anything. The head is then\\ninterrogated, and a mournful voice responds, I was brought\\nup to be supported, and consequently know nothing of\\ngetting a living. There is but one man who can befriend\\nyou under such circumstances, and that is the sexton. To\\navoid such a miserable fate, let every one fit himself for a\\nvocation in life. Read for the sake of learning something.\\nStudy with an aim to be self-reliant and self-sustaining.\\nIf you cannot be a lawyer, be a carpenter, a shoemaker, or\\na blacksmith the latter will likely bring you independence,\\nand preserve personal honesty. If you are adapted to a\\nfarmer s occupation, do not try to practice medicine. Many\\nmen run their heads against the gospel desk, who would\\nhave been of more benefit to the world had they learned\\nto pound the anvil instead of the pulpit. Others try to\\nplead law, who are better adapted to mining in quartz\\nrock than in Blackstone; and numbers of merchants are\\nmore qualified by mechanical gifts to make cloth than to\\nsell it. Every individual should be examined by a prac-\\ntical and competent reader of human character, in order\\nto learn to what calling, trade, or profession he is most\\nnaturally fitted. The motto placed over the grottc of the\\ncelebrated Oracle of Delphos, was, Man, know thyself. 5\\nIts importance to-day is as great as it was three thousand\\nyears ago. To acquire that knowledge is worth more than\\nany other, as it is the key-note to all true growth. By\\nlearning something of our original constitution, our excel-\\nlencies and defects, our capacity of reasoning and persuading.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH. 289\\nand by studying the methods of self-government, we may\\nin the end unite our own good with that of others, and thus\\nbenefit the world in the right way.\\nPersevere in One Thing. There are many young\\npersons who, after choosing aright their trade, relinquish\\nit because they meet some unpleasant things connected\\nwith their labours, vainly hoping to find some occupation\\nwhere all is easy and all delightful such will learn they\\ncan never rise to excellence or become prominent in the\\nworld. The pre-eminent great men of all ages are those\\nwho have toiled, hour after hour, day by day for successive\\nyears, with unswerving perseverance. Murillo, the great\\nSpanish painter, spent three weeks in painting the handle\\nof a broom. George L. Brown, artist, served an apprentice-\\nship of twenty years in Rome. Bierstadt was similarly\\nindustrious. Michael Angelo, the great Italian painter,\\nsculptor, and architect, gave twelve years to the study of\\nanatomy and when he was seventy, he said he had much\\nyet to learn.\\nIn every trade and avocation in life, there are unpleasant\\nduties to be performed, and obstacles to be overcome in all\\ncallings. The successful ones take off their coats and roll\\nup their sleeves, conquer their prejudices against labour,\\nand manfully, as our forefathers did, strive to bring back\\nthe soil to productiveness and fertility. Whether you are\\nin the shop, the factory, or the forum, let your motto be\\nperseverance and industry, for these alone can conquer the\\nworld. In summing up the foregoing remarks, we may\\nsay that the character of clothing affects the features.\\nClimate makes smooth, or shrivels and dries the skin.\\nVarieties of food feed various features; for instance, pork\\nnourishes the sides of the lower part of the face beef\\npuffs out the cheeks and rounds the nose vegetables\\nfeed the eyes and their surroundings, while the grain\\ncereals nourish the forehead and brain. The effects of\\nT", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "290\\nTHE REARING Or YOUTH.\\neducation are, to give sparkle to the eyes and definiteness\\nto the nose to light up the whole countenance, and chase\\naway its gross character it lines out the forehead, eyelids,\\nand lips, sweeps off the cobwebs of passion, and intro-\\nduces symmetry and harmony. Note w T ell the difference\\nbetween these two physiognomies; the one a msn of intelli-\\ngence and education the other without tie hastening\\ninfluence of culture.\\nEducational Type. John Wyckliffe, the Morning Star of the\\nReformation.\\nThe lessons of obedience learned in childhood have thel\\ndue weight in marking character on the countenance, 01\\nPhiz. Let us pen picture two boys. The one has\\npracticed obedience to his parents, and is respected and\\nloved by all who know him. The other, through neglect\\nor natural ugliness, is the most wilful, disobedient little\\nrascal one can imagine. When told to go to school, he", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH.\\n291\\nwent in the opposite direction, either fishing, loafing, or\\ndoing mischief; would steal, and lie, with no apparent\\nremorse of conscience. For\\nexamples of a representa-\\ntive boy of each of the\\nabove characters see the\\nCuts on page 292.\\nLove, whose influence\\nhas been chanted and sung\\nby poets of all ages, has\\nthe power to change a\\ndemon into a saint, and\\nits effect upon the physi-\\nognomy is to make it\\nbloom like spring flowers;\\nto refine the skin, to fill\\nout the chin, and to give\\nwarmth and joy to the Ignorance. John Broughton, a blood-\\nthirsty pugilist.\\nwhole expression.\\nPoliteness and good manners ever win their way in this\\nworld of appearances. If coming from good feeling in the\\nmind, as all true politeness most assuredly does, then it\\nwill ennoble every feature, give tone to facial curves, and\\ntouch with sublimity each lineament. Gentleness carries\\nan attraction which lends gracefulness to thought every-\\nwhere; it retains the balance of relative proportions in\\noutline, and its effects rest upon the countenance like the\\nmellow light of the setting sun. Patience is the root of\\nall civilization. It supports the spirit of industry chastens\\nevery virtue; and enfolds, like a mother, every child of\\nreform. By patience man has contrived to spread the\\nsails of commerce on every sea. It furnishes mechanical\\nhorses and carriages for the travellers of all lands; it\\nrolls the produce of the mighty West to millions of con-\\nsumers in the East despatches messages of business ox", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "292\\nTHE REARING OF YOUTH\\na/tfection on the wings of the lightning; and spreads the\\nnews of Europe in a few minutes to every city and hamlet\\nin America, while we return to them the tidings of our\\nwestern hemisphere. Patience is, indeed, the helm of every\\nenterprise. To have a simple aim in life is tantamount\\nto the possession of a sane mind. The Bible says, A\\nLove and Obedience.\\nHate and Disobedience.\\ndouble minded man is unstable in all his ways, and when\\nwe have two or more occupations, they so distract and\\ndivide the attention that we become vacillating and almost\\nuntrustworthy. Unwearied patience and persistence will\\naccomplish what talent will grow faint with the considera-\\ntion of; the look of a man who has perseverance will be\\nmore intense and solid than those who are wavering and\\nunsteady. Systematic exercise has an all-powerful influence\\nin causing the youthful countenance to tell truths of char-\\nacter. We often meet faces which ten years since were\\nbeautiful and full of generous aspirations, but a life of\\nidleness for ten, or even five years, has changed the happy\\nlight of youth into the cloudy gloom of insipidity and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "THE REARING OF YOUTH. 293\\ncoarseness. Young children should early learn to do\\nchores, to induce habits of industry. At ten or twelve\\nyears they should have their allotted hours of labour, this\\nwill develop not only their bodies, but will also make them\\npractical and sound in mind. About the age of puberty\\nactive labour will prove very beneficial, by leading the\\nrapidly expanding energies of body in the road of useful\\noccupation. In later years to be constantly employed will\\nbe a safe-guard against the vices of fashionable life. Well\\ndirected earliest labour is the only honest path to happiness.\\nWhisky drinking, with its attendant vices of tobacco using,\\ngambling, slang, and idleness, have filled our jails, insane\\nasylums, poorhouses, and tens of thousands of suicidal\\ngraves. There is one other thing which sadly mars the\\nlife of young people in the present age. I refer to the\\nsinful practice of self abuse. Many begin it before they\\nbecome aware of its terrible injury to the body and mind,\\nand when self-control is lost, they grow weak physically\\nand mentally through a continuance of the habit. This\\nvice paints its deformity on the countenance of its victims,\\nbut for the sake of their feelings we refrain from giving\\nthe signs which are indicative of this soul and body destroy-\\ning evil. If any of my readers have thus fallen, let me\\nentreat them to make an effort to release themselves from\\nits degrading influence, and they may eventually rise once\\nmore into the sphere of a better life. Children are the\\nflowers of virtue, scattered by the wayside of life. Alas!\\nhow many of them, like the seed of the sower, fall into\\npoor or thorny ground, where they either perish from lack\\nof healthy surroundings, or the thorns of vice spring up\\nand choke them. It is a disgrace to modern civilization\\nthat more than one half of the children born, die before\\nthey are seven years old; it is a still greater disgrace to\\nknow that a healthy, well-fed, well-educated child is the\\nexceptiou, and that unhealthy, ill-mannered, vicious clul-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "294\\nTHE REARING OF YOUTH.\\ndren are the rule in many communities. The students,\\nscholars, teachers, and scientific young men are few; the\\ndrunkards, gamblers, idlers, and useless ones are many.\\nThis ought not to be so in the United States, the country\\nthat boasts of free schools, free government and free land\\nor in Britain, which is the centre of commerce and civili-\\nzation. May we hope that what we have written will\\ntend to develop a better and happier condition, by leading\\nparents to consider deeply the importance of a wise and\\nproper training for youth.\\nThomas A. Edison, a famous American inventor and electrician,\\nwhose miraculous originality and rare fertility of constructive power is\\nworthy of historical commemoration,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "THE CONNECTION BETWEEN VARIOUS DEPART-\\nMENTS OF THE HUMAN BODY.\\nTo those who desire to understand human character, the\\nconnection between its various parts is of vast importance,\\nand to master the subject, considerable research will be\\nnecessary.\\nThe following plan may be pursued in investigating this\\ndepartment of Physiognomy. Examine the lower animals\\nin order to discover their peculiar developments. The lion\\nhas much magnanimity in his disposition, and fears no\\nother animal; he is king of the forest and jungle. He\\nwould disdain to injure a mouse or small animal, unless\\nin extreme hunger. Look at his face, and observe what\\nconfidence, dignity, and self-reliance he manifests, as much\\nas to say, I would not stoop to a mean act. It is a fact\\nthat such traits of character are possessed by this particular\\nspecies of animal.\\nNext, observe his anatomical peculiarities. We find\\nthat he possesses large lung power, and that its attendant\\navenues of breathing are both large and wide. The cheek\\nbones stand out prominent, the hips are small, but the\\nshoulders are broad, with heavy mane. Wherever we find\\nthis connection, of breadth of shoulder and breadth of\\ncheek or malar bones, we shall discover great capacity\\nof lung power, and the attendant character or disposition", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "296\\nTHE CONNECTION BETWEEN VARIOUS\\nis the same in both men and animals. The lion gets in\\na rage in a moment, and regains his tranquillity the next;\\nso it is with men who are of similar form.\\nThe elephant is as wide at the hips as at the shoulders,\\nand experience has shewn that this animal never forgets\\nor forgives an injury. He has been known to remember\\nan insult for twenty years. His anger is less evanescent\\nthan the lion s rage.\\nThe elephant has a large stomach, with a wide mouth,\\nand either indicates retaliation, that is, where the mouth\\nis wide from side to side of the face, or from one corner\\nto the opposite extreme of the mouth. The abdominal\\nviscera are connected with that department which supplies\\nit with work, and the mouth is the place where food first\\nbegins the process of digestion. Large width in this region\\nindicates strong digestive apparatus.\\nThe hog has a large mouth. The turkey also, that is,\\nby measure round from one corner, outside, to the other,\\nExcellent powers of Digestion. David\\nHume, who could partake of a\\nhearty meal and apply himself to\\nstudy immediately after, without\\nthe least inconvenience.\\nFeeble of Digestion. Gustavus\\nIII., whose happiness wa\u00c2\u00bb\\npoisoned by dyspepsia", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "DEPARTMENTS OF THE HUMAN BODY.\\n29\\ntaking the longest circumference of its opening. The\\nturkey and hog have remarkable digestive power.\\nChickens grind up pieces of bone, lime, glass, c, with-\\nout inconvenience.\\nThe whale is another animal of wonderful digestive\\npower, and we shall find wherever this width and depth\\nof mouth exists, in animals or men, that strength of\\ndigestive apparatus invariably follows.\\nObserve a man with large mouth, full cheeks opposite\\nthe mouth, long deep heavy chin, and wide from the chin\\nto the mouth, and we readily discover evidences of superior\\ndigestion, and a strong or good stomach.\\nA good Digestion. ViteHius, A sensuous gourmand Emperor of Kom*.\\nAll men who shew these peculiarities of build, possess\\nthe disposition of the animal that has the same condition\\nof body. The low monads or polypi have each large\\nmouths, with full surroundings to the mouth, and they", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "298 THE CONNECTION BETWEEN VARIOUS\\npossess the most powerful digestive tract of anything\\nknown. These illustrations might be extended indefinitely,\\nbut, to use a homely proverb, Enough is as good as a feast.\\nA few good illustrations, well drawn, will convince the\\ncandid mind, while men, who are sceptical about every-\\nthing, are so thick-headed that a tenpenny nail would\\nA poor Digestion. Charles VI. Emperor of West Austria,\\nwho died of dyspepsia.\\nfind hard work to penetrate their brains with a force of\\nfifty pounds to drive it.\\nWherever we see men with a hollow or narrow portion\\nof the face on the inferior maxillary, under the third\\nmolar tooth, there is no surer indication of weakness of\\nthe kidneys. The face being wide on the jaws at the\\npoint indicated in the annexed cut, of Vitellius, manifests\\nexcellent power to throw off the urea of the system, and\\na narrowness in this part of the face will be found in\\nunison with weakness in the small of the back. Hence*\\nwe reason that a connection or intimate relation exists\\nbetween those two parts of the body.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "DEPARTMENTS OF THE HUMAN BODY. 299\\nThere is a close connection between the eyes and the\\nsexual organs; this is illustrated more in women than in\\nmen, and in the female, among animals, more than among\\nthe males. The reason is, they have more activity or\\nwork in that department than the male.\\nThe eyes are watery in certain periods, as seen in the\\ncow and mare during heat. The eyes are glassy during\\npregnancy, and this fact is conclusive proof that cannot,\\nand will not, be contradicted by any careful observer.\\nThose animals that possess the strongest sexual instincts,\\nlike the boar, have a peculiar eye, that gives a sensual\\nexpression to the face. It is long, from side to side, and\\nnarrow from the upper to the lower part; and such eyes,\\nwhether they are found in man or animals, are evidence of\\na sensual character.\\nEyes that are round, as in doves, evince a love of hug-\\nging, kissing, or fondling.\\nHorses enjoy each other s company; dogs the same, and\\nplay with each other for hours together; but hogs are\\ngruff, they fight and grunt while doves are billing and\\ncooing, and kittens are fondling, and playing, and licking\\neach other, very often.\\nAll animals with round and well-arched upper eyelids,\\nare affectionate in their disposition, and their love is more\\nplatonic than animal. Old Erasmus had the pig-like eye,\\nand despite all his learning, he was one of the most piggish\\nof men.\\nHe possessed very low and ardent love, and he loved and\\ncherished only base passion. While another man is nearly\\nalways kissing the girls, and yet they all place implicit\\nconfidence in him; and such men are worthy of entire\\ntrust, and bear it honourably, as their natures are loving,\\nbut not brutish, or hog-like.\\nThe love-birds of Australia have eyes as round as bullets,\\nand those we have seen in California were always together,\\nand appeared very fond of each other.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "300 THE CONNECTION BETWEEN VARIOUS\\nTHOSE SOFT BROWN EYES.\\nTalk not to me of the eyes of blue,\\nThat never change with a smile or a frown\\nYou may call them bonny, and teader and true,\\nBut give to me the eyes of brown.\\nsoft sad eyes! neath your melting mood\\nMy heart-throbs thrill with a glad surprise\\n1 yield my power, as a woman should,\\nTo the mystic charm of those soft brown eyes.\\nI seek the gaze of the tender blue,\\nTill my thoughts are rife with the worlds afar;\\nI view, in the flash of the sparkling black,\\nThe meteor-light of the wandering star\\nBut a want scarce told, and a pleasure paiu\\nSweeps o er my soul like a saddened strain\\nAnd all my hopes are lost in sighs,\\nAs I mourn for the love of those dark brown eyes. 89\\nBLACK EYES AND BLUE.\\nBlack eyes most dazzle in a hall\\nBlue eyes most please at even fall\\nThe black a conquest soonest gain;\\nThe blue a conquest most retain.\\nThe black bespeaks a lively heart,\\nWhose soft emotions soon depart;\\nThe blue a steadier flame betray,\\nThat burns and lives beyond a day.\\nThe black may features best disclose;\\nThe blue may feelings all repose.\\nThen let each reign without control\\nThe black all mind the blue all soul.\\nThe authors of the above lines we do not know; but the\\nverses serve to shew that they consider the eyes love s\\nmedium. 0. W. Holmes says\\nThe bright black eye, the melting blue,\\nI cannot choose between the two;\\nBut that is dearest all the while,\\nThat wears for me the sweetest smile.\\nA.nd Charles F. Hoffman\\nYet with that eye could fash resentment s rays 3\\nOr proudly scornful check the boldest gaze,\\nChill burning passion, with a calm disdain,\\nAnd with one glance rekindle it agaiii,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "DEPARTMENTS OF THE HUMAN BOLT. SOI\\nOr Byron\\nSoft eyes looked love to eyes that spoke again.\\nGive me the eyes of black or blue,\\nEver round, loving, faithful and true;\\nHeaven s round orbs, love vigils keep,\\nHalf-open cptics reveal the brute asleep.\\nAll eyes possess love, but in a different manner one has\\nstrong animal passions, that give a piggish look, while the\\npure filial love sparkles with all the tender emotions of a\\nmother or wife.\\nMuch can be said about the eye and its colour, as that\\nhas great significance; but the colour does not destroy the\\nprinciple of the shape of the organ, as we shall find the\\nsame rule to hold good through all variations of colour in\\nthe eyes, as in the colour of the skin. Nations, whose colour\\nremains unchanged, have the eyes alike in colour, and they\\nare non-progressive.\\nDark races, like the Indian and Negro, are naturally\\nrevengeful, like the elephant; and black eyes evince more\\nor less a revengeful disposition. This law of nature carries\\nitself through the various shades of the black races, and we\\nshall find that they are everywhere more revengeful than,\\nthe light race or races.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON CHARACTER.\\nFood is that which, when taken into any living animal\\norganism, makes blood, bone, muscle, integument, hair,\\nbrain, life, c. On food all animals are dependent for living\\nexistence; without it there would soon be universal death.\\nBut that is not all: not only are animals dependent on\\nfood for life, but the character of that life is dependent upon\\nthe kind of food on which they feed. According to the\\nnature of the food eaten, will be the idiosyncrasies of the\\neater. The turtle dove, for example, feeds on seeds, and\\nseeds being the highest and most essential part of plant\\nlife, produce in the dove the highest type of animal life,\\nviz., love-mating. Indeed, so prominent is this kind of\\nlife in the dove, that the expression, gentle and loving as\\nthe dove has become proverbial among men; although it\\nis only here and there that you will find a man who has\\ntaken pains to find out the reason or ground of the dove s\\ndisposition and character. Only life can produce life; and\\nas all seeds and grains contain within themselves the germs,\\nnot only of bare life, but life of the very highest kind\\npossible to plants, that the dove, which feeds on seeds and\\ngrains, should possess correspondingly the highest kind of\\nanimal life, ought not to be considered an arbitrary arrange-\\nment, but in beautiful harmony with reason. An effect,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON CHARACTER. 303\\nphilosophy tells us, must partake of the nature of its cause;\\nand food being at least the occasioning cause or support of\\nall animal life, whatever kind of life the food indicates\\nprimarily, will be imparted to, and engendered in the\\nanimal into whose organism it is taken. The hog eats\\nanimal food of all kinds, clean and unclean, snakes, offal;\\nindeed, nothing is too filthy for its stomach, and everybody\\nknows that it possesses only the lowest form of animal life,\\nand has become the most gruff and unlovely of quadrupeds.\\nThe same thing is apparent also in children. The trans-\\nmission of hereditary influences has much to do in the\\nformation of character; but it is impossible for an observant\\nmind to be insensible to the fact, that many of the charac-\\nteristics of the young are traceable to diet. Body affects\\nmind, that cannot be denied and in early years, when\\ngrowth is rapid, and food is taken into the system and\\nretained in large quantities, and more frequently than in after\\nlife, the truth of what we assert is most apparent. The\\nchild that sucks the milk of the mother who bore it will\\nnaturally take on that mother s moral characteristics; while\\nthe orphan, compelled to take in the milk of an animal, will\\nreveal in its character some of those idiosyncracies peculiar\\nto that animal. This is not a visionary statement; it is\\nfounded on fact, and can be testified to by those who have\\npaid any attention to the subject. An illustration of what\\nwe mean was found in 1870 in the family of Captain P. M.\\nChoutea, of Kansas City, Mo. In the captain s family there\\nwas a little girl, five years of age, who had been deprived\\nof a mother s milk and nursed on the milk of a goat, and\\nwhen she grew up and was able to run about, she gave\\nunmistakable evidence of the truth of that law for which\\nwe contend. She had a strong and very unusual desire\\nfor climbing. She would mount rocks, fences, and go to\\nthe tops of houses, and, in fact, jump about in every\\nrespect like the animal whose milk she had sucked. Nor", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "304 THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON CHARACTER.\\nwhen in her climbing moods did she manifest any tokens\\nof fear; and these peculiarities became apparent In hei\\nas soon as she was able to move about. Having had\\noccasion to converse at one time with the captain on the\\ntendencies and disposition of the girl, he very readily\\nadmitted the powerful influence of the goat s milk on her\\ncharacter, and told us that she was the most remarkable\\ngirl in the respect just noticed that he had ever seen. He\\nsaid, moreover, that the goat became so much attached to\\nthe girl, that she never cried but it ran to her. and if\\nwindows were in the way, it would jump through them\\nas if they formed no obstruction, and on reaching the child\\nwould bend over her, and in its own way would endeavour\\nto induce her to draw its milk. Similar to this is an\\ninstance mentioned by Evelyn, on the authority of Scotus\\n(See Numismata, p. 312), of a boy who, having been\\nnursed on the milk of a goat, manifested, as he grew up,\\nthe leaping and climbing propensities of that animal. And\\nthe same author mentions the case of a boy who, after being\\nfed on the milk of a sow, could never be reclaimed from\\nrunning into ditches, wallowing in puddles, c, all of which\\ntraits of character are peculiar to the unclean animal from\\nwhich he had drawn his sustenance. Again we say, there\\nis nothing arbitrary in this. You cannot bring that which\\nis clean out of that which is unclean, nor, conversely, can\\nyou bring that which is unclean out of that which is clean.\\nAs the fountain is, so is the stream. If the one be pure,\\nthe other will be pure, except, of course, in the case of those\\nstreams which, having left the fountain, are fed by impure\\ntributaries. The child who is nursed with the milk\\nof a wicked, immoral mother, will at a very early age\\nmanifest immoral and wicked characteristics. No man can\\nstudy character, as revealed in our large cities, in low streets\\nand alleys, where drunkenness and debauchery prevail,\\nwithout noticing this. He is a chip of the old block, a", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON CHARACTER. 305\\nsaying common among us, is just an illustration of the law\\nwe are seeking to enforce, although in many cases the word\\nare uttered heedlessly, in ignorance of those principles on\\nwhich the proverb rests. If you place a kid under the\\nnursing of a sheep, you will find that when the kid becomes\\na full grown goat, it will have lost much of the goat s\\nnatural propensities for climbing, will be more gentle and\\nquiet than other goats, and its hair will be of a finer tissue.\\nAnd so, again, if a lamb be nursed by a goat, it will be\\nfound, when it becomes a matured sheep, that it will mani-\\nfest less of the quiet gentleness of other sheep, and its hair\\nwill be of a more wiry nature than it w r ould have been had\\nit been nursed by a mother ewe. Giraldus Cambrensis\\nspeaks of a sow fed on the milk of a hound, which, when it\\ngrew to maturity, hunted deer equally well with an ordi-\\nnary hound. And what is true of the lower animals is\\nequally true of man. Like creates like. Dion tells us that,\\nwhen Caligula w r as a babe, his nurse put blood on her\\nbreasts that he might suck it, which accounts for the blood-\\nthirsty, inhuman nature of the man when he held the\\ndestinies of Rome in his hand. His parents, it is said, were\\nwell-disposed and loving, but that blood which he sucked\\nin his childhood counteracted the antenatal influences,\\nrobbed him of true human feeling, and converted him into\\none of the greatest and most detested tyrants the world\\never produced.\\nIt must be added that he was sensual and gluttonous in\\nhis mature years; and the immense income he derived\\nfrom the Roman Provinces was largely expended on the\\npleasures of the table. We are told that he dissolved\\nin vinegar some of the largest and most costly pearls he\\ncould procure, and that he drank the solution with apparent\\nrelish. Pliny, to whose work on u Natural History (1. 9,\\np. 257) we are indebted for this fact, records a similar one\\nconcerning the famous Cleopatra, who, after a sumptuous\\nu", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "306 THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON CHARACTER.\\nrepast, drank a solution in vinegar of two of the most vain\\nable pearls then known, valued at 100,000 sesterces, equal\\nto \u00c2\u00a3800 or $4,000. We mean not to say that these draughts\\nhad any moral influence on the constitution, or that they\\nwere anything else but wanton displays of wealth in persons\\nabandoned to sensuality.\\nNapoleon I. was extremely fond of roast pig and per-\\nhaps his preference for the most selfish and quarrelsome\\nof all our food -animals may have nurtured the pugnacious\\ndisposition of the unprincipled Corsican.\\nAnimal food doubtless supplies more physical force than\\na purely vegetable diet and men who work hard as labor-\\ners in the open air may thrive well on plentiful supplies of\\nanimal as well as vegetable food, especially in cold climates.\\nBut flesh meat stimulates the passions and all persons of\\nin-door employment, especially those engaged in mental\\nlabor, will find a purely vegetable diet more conducive\\nboth to bodily health and intellectual vigor. Undoubtedly\\nthe most valuable thoughts, those most truthful and scien-\\ntific, those which are most nearly allied to purity of heart,\\nand valuable for aiding the souls of men to rise above all\\nthat is low and base, are the thoughts generated in a frame\\nnourished by vegetable productions, as cereals, fruits, and\\nnuts, which seem to be the very highest type of soul food.\\nAccordingly, some of the most distinguished men have\\nbeen vegetarians during the most active years of their intel-\\nlectual labors.\\nBenjamin Franklin was for many years strictly a vege-\\ntarian; yet he possessed uncommon physical strength as\\nwell as philosophic and inventive genius.\\nCrates, an eminent cynic philosopher of Thebes, and a\\ndisciple of Diogenes, was asked what use philosophy was to\\nhim. He replied, To teach me to be contented with a\\nvegetable diet, and to live exempt from care and trouble.\\nSweden borg lived on bread, milk, and vegetables. De^", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON CHARACTER. 307\\ncartes, the celebrated French philosopher Shelley, the Eng-\\nlish poet, and Junius Brutus Booth, actor, were all vege-\\ntarians. We have read somewhere a similar account of Sir\\nIsaac Newton, that during most of the years of his intel-\\nlectual labors he lived principally on fruit and vegetables.\\nG. Bondelet, a talented French naturalist and also a\\nlearned physician, the author of several medical works,\\nabandoned the use of wine and flesh at twenty-five years of\\nage, and took to fruit and pastry.\\nIn Thomas Crowell s edition of Lord Byron s Works\\n(New York, p. 14) there is a description of the poet s meals,\\nand we find it includes no kind of butcher s meat he ap-\\npears to have used only vegetable products, even to tea and\\ntobacco.\\nAnthony Benezet, a philanthropic Quaker, born in France,\\nwas distinguished for his beneficence to the needy and suf-\\nfering, wherever he found them. He relinquished the use\\nof animal food, prompted by the motive of abhorrence to\\nthe pain inflicted by the butcher on the innocent victims of\\nhis craft. (See Appleton s Cyclopaedia of Biography.\\nHenry David Thoreau, an American naturalist and an\\noriental scholar and author, ate no flesh, drank no wine,\\nused no tobacco. (See Atlantic Monthly, vol. ii., p. 81.)\\nWilliam C. Bryant, an American poet, ate sparingly of\\nflesh and fish, partaking generally of cereals, oatmeal por-\\nridge or homiuy, milk, and fruit, but using neither tea, coffee,\\ntobacco, nor wine. (Scribner i s Magazine, vol. xvi., p. 495.)\\nThe Duke of Wellington used rusks and bread with his\\ntea, but never meat or eggs. Bric-a-brac, C. Knight, p.\\n211.)\\nFrancis Newman, an eminent Latin scholar and teacher\\nin London, is a vegetarian and Isaac Pitman, with whom\\nthe writer is personally acquainted, has not touched fish,\\nflesh, or fowl for upward of fifty years. He was born in\\n1S13, and when the writer last saw him (1889), in his pub-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "308 THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON CHARACTER.\\nlishing office at Bath, England, he was as active as a boy.\\nHe is one of the most constant workers of his years, and is\\nwell known in England as the inventor of the best system\\nof short-hand writing, as well as a less used system of\\nphonotype.\\nJoseph Ritson, an English antiquary and extensive au-\\nthor, had a horror of animal food. Bric-a-brac, Constable,\\np. 141.)\\nHundreds of other lesser lights could be referred to in\\norder to prove that the highest type of intellect can be sus-\\ntained on vegetable food and we are of opinion that a\\nvariety of fruits, nuts, cereals, and other vegetable sub-\\nstances are more favorable to original and inventive\\nthought than carnivorous diet while no one that has\\nstudied the subject will attempt to gainsay that animal\\nfood feeds and inflames the lower passions of human nature.\\nWe have never heard of a strict vegetarian committing\\nmurder, theft, or other crimes requiring violence. So, like-\\nwise, the lower animals that subsist on the flesh of other\\nanimals are far more liable to kill than vegetable-eating\\ncreatures. Dr. Yeitch, on this point, says I am per-\\nsuaded that it will invariably be found true that those who\\nare living on animal food are more impetuous in temper\\nthan those who live on vegetable aliment; and Phillips\\nadopts the same opinion. (See History of Cultivated Vege-\\ntables, 1822, vol. i., p. 5.)\\nA certain quantity of half -cooked beef is used by pugilists\\nwhen training to batter each other into insensibility, this\\ndiet, no doubt, tending to nourish the bull-dog disposition\\nneeded for the encounter, just as swine s flesh will give the\\nsoldier better courage for the battle-field than plum-pud-\\nding, rice, or apple-dumplings. Those savages who subsist\\nchiefly on animal flesh, and occasionally take a meal from\\nthe remains of a human being, are certainly more blood-\\nthirsty than those who consume only vegetable matter. Mr.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON CHARACTER. 309\\nLawrence holds, and on tenable grounds, that as men rise\\nin the scale of civilization they consume more vegetable\\nand less animal substance. He also denies that the bodily\\nstrength is deteriorated by this upward progress. (See Lect-\\nures on Man, 1844, pp. 144-147.) It may here be re-\\nmarked that the animals most useful to man, and those of\\nthe greatest endurance in bearing or drawing heavy loads,\\nare vegetarian, as the reindeer, the camel, llama, horse,\\nmule, ox, elephant, etc. whereas the useless quadrupeds,\\nas the lion, tiger, lynx, hyena, and all that ilk, are wholly\\ncarnivorous, and they are not only unserviceable to man but\\nare vicious and treacherous. Then as to bodily strength.\\nIs not the horse or the ox strong enough for any eight or\\nten men? And as for the elephant, which never takes a\\nmouthful of aught but vegetable food and water, does he\\nnot keep strength enough for half a regiment\\nCharles Darwin says that in Central Chili he saw men\\nworking in a mine four hundred and fifty feet deep, and\\ncarrying two hundred pounds of ore by rough ladders to\\nthe surface. They lived entirely on boiled beans and bread.\\n(See Naturalist s Voyage Eound the World, New Ed., New\\nYork, 1871; p. 266.) He also states that these men worked\\nfrom break of day till dark, with only a few minutes for a\\nmid-day meal. Could meat eaters do more at any labor re-\\nquiring physical strength On page 60 of the same book we\\nfind Darwin thus speaking of the general working popula-\\ntion of Central Chili The laboring men work very hard.\\nThey have little time allowed for their meals, and during\\nsummer as well as winter they begin when it is light, and\\nleave off at dark. They are paid one pound sterling ($5) a\\nmonth, and their food given them. This, for breakfast, con-\\nsists of sixteen figs and two small loaves of bread; for din-\\nner, boiled beans; for supper, broken roasted wheat grain.\\nThey scarcely ever taste meat, as with the \u00c2\u00a312 per annum\\nthey have to clothe themselves and support their families.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "THE LAWS THAT CONTROL THE LINES OF\\nTHE HUMAN FACE.\\nAs the letters of the alphabet are the elements of written\\nlanguage, and when we understand their combinations, we\\nhave a key to unlock the treasures of knowledge contained\\nin books, so the various lines, the convexities, the con-\\ncavities of the human face are as so many letters by which\\nthose who understand them can read at a glance the intel-\\nlectual and moral character of those in whom they appear.\\nBut this facial expression is a language not quickly mastered;\\nit is a study to last a life-time; for ever and anon there\\nare, and will be new marks to discover and interpret.\\nThere are, however, several distinct varieties of general\\nstructure, which produce corresponding characteristics and\\nfacial expressions in all. For instance, the bony structure\\nproduces the rough and homely, not to say ugly face.\\nBut to me these plain countenances appear like countries\\nwhose mountains and ravines reveal nature in features of\\nsublimity and grandeur. Level or slightly undulating\\nlandscapes are called pretty, so are smooth faces. But\\nthe mountainous country is that which conceals treasures\\nof gold, silver, precious stones, and useful metals; so the\\nrough faces indicate solid character and sterling: worth\\npowders which, like the mines and quarries of mountain\\nranges, are worth working, and will yield a rich return.\\nWitness Michael Angelo, Galileo, Julius CaBsar, Christopher", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "THE LAWS THAT CONTROL THE LINES OF THE HUMAN FACE. 311\\nColumbus, Andrew Jackson, Sir Robert Peel, and Abraham\\nLincoln, all specimens of the bony type.\\nThe rounder lines of the muscular structure are the\\nresult of physical exercise, and stand as a register in\\nnature s account book to the credit of the individual or\\nrace whose industry traced them there.\\nI shall now describe particularly the lines that belong\\nto each of the five kinds of structure.\\n1. The Abdominal. This make appears conspicuously\\nin aquatic animals. In the human subject, it gives short\\nhorizontal lines on the forehead, as here indicated. These\\nAulus Vitellius, a licentious and crnel Roman Emperor.\\nlines or wrinkles are straight in some persons, while in\\nothers they are irregular and broken. In mature 3 7 ears 5\\nhowever, they are always short. This structure also pro-\\nduces wrinkles running round the neck and ears. It gives", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "312 THE LAWS THAT CONTROL\\na certain roundness and smoothness to the whole body,\\nwith a few well-rounded lines, usually including a curved\\none about the mouth. It gives, especially in childhood,\\ncircular creases more or less deep about the wrists, elbows,\\nknees, knuckle-joints, and across the chest. The lines of\\nthe face are less marked, owing to the adipose tissue which\\nfills it up, and produces dimples rather than wrinkles.\\nWhat lines you discover are not sharp at their inward\\nor bone direction, but are round in their deepest part.\\nThese are pretty sure signs of eating, sleeping, and enjoy-\\ning animal life. Those who exhibit them usually possess\\nexcellent organs of assimilation, and their secretions are\\ncarried on quite freely. When the abdominal structure\\nis greatly predominant, we have an individual more animal\\nthan intellectual; fond of the pleasures of the table, and a\\ntrifle selfish.\\n2. The Thoracic structure evinced by a broad chest,\\nlarge nostrils, wide cheek-bones, full and capacious throat.\\nIt abounds in electricity, and produces fewer lines than\\nany other; for it is the fresh, youthful make of active,\\nimpulsive natures, not steady enough at any one pursuit\\nto acquire the wrinkles which, as we shall see, are the\\nproduct of continued application.\\n3. The Muscular and Fibrous structure abounding, as\\nits name imports in muscle, and evincing itself by physical\\nforce. Here will be found perpendicular wrinkles in the\\nlower forehead just over the nose, and running nearly\\nparallel with the facial muscles. (See cut of S. Judas\\nThadeus on page 61.) In that cut, observe a well-marked\\nexample of muscular wrinkles on the face. They run up\\nand down the cheeks, neck and arms, in correspondence\\nwith the facial muscles; but it is to be noted that the\\norbicular muscles are not thus marked, being light and\\nthin they are not apt to form wrinkles unless they are\\nformed transversely to the direction of the muscles. These", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "THE LINES OF THE HUMAN FACE. 313\\nmuscular lines are deeper than any other, and are con-\\nspicuous when the individual is strongly under the influence\\nof grief or joy. They generally indicate pacific and good-\\nnatured people; for a man who is unusually strong is\\ngenerally peaceably disposed. Such are likewise labour-\\nloving people; for whenever any natural form or make is\\nstrongly predominant, there is an instinctive desire to\\nexercise and increase it.\\n4. The Osseous or Bony structure remarkable for forma-\\ntive power. It has curved lines, but not so deep as those\\nof the muscular, and their general tendency is to be longer\\nand more angular. People having this class of wrinkles\\nwill love to ride better than walk, as they thus exercise\\nthe bones rather than the muscles.\\n5. The Brain and Nerve structure is indicated by long\\nlines about the forehead, long also from the eyes down-\\nwards. People of this make are not generally desirous\\nof money, or anxious to accumulate property, but they\\nintensely love study; they want to read and think. Nor\\nonly so they have thought closely and deeply before\\nthose long lines could be fully developed. You cannot\\nfind them in the j^outhful face; they are the tokens of\\nlong application, close study, and great mental power.\\nNo disposition or exercise, whether of body or mind,\\nproduces such long wrinkles as this thoughtfulness. You\\ncannot find a man who has for years been a deep and close\\nthinker, but he shews long and continuous wrinkles across\\nthe forehead; also lengthened and well-marked lines pro-\\nceeding outwards from the eyes. There will usually be\\nwell-marked eye-lids, and a tendency to form wrinkles\\nparallel with the attachment of the lower eye-lid to the\\nface. So, whenever you see a man with a great head,\\nlarge eye, long nose, and shrivelled appearance of the skin\\nabout the upper part of the face, be assured that his has\\nnot been a life of ease or sloth; for these tokens bespeak", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "314 THE LAWS THAT CONTROL\\nintense, consecutive thought and mature understanding.\\nLong wrinkles indicate what is meant by a long head\\na far-seeing mind, made so by nature at first, but developed\\nand matured by years of thoughtfulness.\\nIt is important distinctly to understand the wrinkles\\npeculiar to each form or structure but sometimes you find\\nseveral of these blended or mixed in one individual; and\\nthe study thus becomes more difficult. When the Brain\\nand Nerve form is combined with the bony, it will produce\\nmore wrinkles than any other structure, or combination of\\nstructures; but the wrinkles will be less perfect, and there-\\nfore less easily recognizable than in the pure Brain and\\nNerve type.\\nIf we find the whole five types pretty evenly balanced\\nin one person, the lines can scarcely be found unless the\\nconstitution has been abused. This harmony, this equi-\\npoise seems to efface the lines belonging to each peculiar\\ntype.\\nAn observation or two on the general lines of the face\\nmay suffice in conclusion.\\nFacial lines or wrinkles are the roads over which time\\nhas wrought his experiences, and those who possess them\\nhave always been hard workers, either for good or evil.\\nThe smooth face denotes ease, indolence, and pleasure.\\nThe possessors of such are seldom thoroughly honest, and\\nare not often found arriving at eminence. The men and\\nwomen who have made their mark on other minds, wher-\\never they have been, have been ploughing their own faces\\nwith lines never to be erased; but such lines are not found\\nin the children of ease and idleness.\\nThe lines produced by the workings of scorn, grief, joy,\\nmirth, happiness, pain, disappointment, mark the counten-\\nance only for a time, except where the condition is long-\\ncontinued. If a person has been in bad health for years,\\nthe entire face will display wrinkles, but not of the regular\\ncharacters we have described above.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "THE LINES OF THE HUMAN FACE. 315\\nIf a person is of gloomy disposition, the lines will run\\ndownwards like the feelings within; while the opposite\\nwill be the case with an individual full of hope and healthy\\nlife. In joyous subjects the lines run upward; but if out-\\nward and downward, there has been much sorrow. The\\ndownward curves of a gloomy countenance are seen in the\\nimprisoned convict; the upward ones in the blooming,\\nthoughtless youth, with whom life is in its freshest con-\\ndition.\\nThe lines which run straight across the forehead are\\nindifferent evidences of moral worth; while those that dip\\nin the middle are good signs, found only on persons of\\nestimable character.\\nThe lines, the curves, the angles, are so many marks in\\nnature s record of our conduct. The lines produced by\\ncrime are downward those traced by good actions run\\nupwards; like the soul within, looking up for help and\\nsupport, our good actions make their marks to indicate the\\nupward tendency of our lives.\\nNow, the reader may think these matters very difficult\\nall but impossible to master. What if you should live to\\nsee the day when a school for teaching them should bd\\nsuccessfully conducted and gladly supported?", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND\\nAND BODY.\\nThis is a subject of such vital and paramount importance,\\nthat we intend to enter into it so fully, that every one of\\nordinary intelligence may be able to appreciate the facts\\nand reasons, so as personally to apply them, and become\\nthe intelligent instructors and guides of all who come\\nwithin the sphere of their influence.\\nLet us then first consider the qualities and influence of\\nthe atmosphere. All the continental waters come to us\\nfrom the ocean. If they are fresh and sweet, it is because\\nthey have passed through the great laboratory of nature,\\nby the simple process of distillation, which is the first fact\\nto be specially pointed out.\\nThe Sun, the great awakener of life, shoots his burning\\nrays every day athwart the face of the waters; he causes\\nthe invisible vapours to rise, which, lighter than the air\\nitself, unceasingly tend to soar into the atmosphere. In\\ntheir ascending movement, they encounter the colder layers\\nof the higher regions, which have a cooling influence. They\\nare condensed in vesicles, which become visible under the\\nform of clouds and fogs. Then borne along by the winds,\\nwhether invisible still, or in the state of clouds, they spread\\nthemselves over the continents, and fall in abundant rains\\nupon the grounds which they fertilize. All the portion of\\nthe atmospheric waters not expended for the benefit of the\\nplants and the animals, or carried off anew into the atmo*", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 317\\nsphere by evaporation, returns by the springs and rivers to\\nthe ocean whence it came.\\nThus the waters of the ocean, by this ever-renewed\\nrotation, spread themselves over the lands; the two ele-\\nments combine and become a source of life, far richer and\\nmuch superior to what either could have produced by its\\nown forces alone. But we see the earth and the water,\\ntne continents and the oceans, touch each other only at\\ntheir margins. A more intimate action upon each other is\\nonly possible by means of the most mobile of the elements,\\nthe atmosphere, which performs in nature the part of a\\nmediator. The winds are the agents in this important\\nwork, the carriers of the water which unceasingly reno-\\nvates the face of the lands, and sustains its beauty. The\\ninhabitants of the arid desert can alone tell us how to value\\nthis treasure of revivifying moisture. Still let it be care-\\nfully remembered, that the more elevated regions receive\\nthe more purified air, with its burden of more purified\\nvapour. Hence the mental and bodily vigour attained in\\nelevated regions, within certain limits, is proportionally of\\na more elevated order than can be attained in a more impure\\nand heavier region in depressed situations.\\nNow, let us look at the terrestrial distribution of our race,\\nwith special reference to the elevation and climatic condi-\\ntions of its habitat.\\nMan, among the inhabitants of the earth, forms a striking\\nexception to the general law of distribution and develop-\\nment. He is not found in his most perfect type in the\\ntropical regions. The tropical man, far from exhibiting\\nthat harmonious outline, that noble and elevated form, and\\nall those perfections which the chisel of a Phidias or of a\\nPraxiteles has combined in a single individual, displays that\\nfigure which approaches near to the lower animal, and\\nbetrays the instinct of the brute. If, then, the distribution\\nof the human races on the surface of the globe does not", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "318 EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE IIUMAN MIND AND BODY.\\nfollow the law of the rest of nature, what is the law, let us\\ntry to point out, which regulates it? This is one of the\\nmost important problems in nature. I do not intend to\\nenter into the discussion of this question here, but merely\\nto state and verify the fact that, while all the types of\\nplants and of animals gradually decrease in perfection from\\nthe equatorial to the polar regions, in proportion to the\\ntemperature, man presents to us his purest and most per-\\nfect type at the very centre of the temperate regions of the\\ngreat land-hemisphere, almost in the middle of the great\\nnorth-eastern continent, in the regions of Iran, of Armenia,\\nand of the Caucasus and departing from this geographical\\ncentre in the three grand directions of the lands, the types\\ngradually lose the beauty of their forms in proportion to\\ntheir distance. At the extreme points of the southern\\ncontinents we find the most deformed and degenerate races,\\nthe lowest in the scale of humanity.\\nNow, let us take a type from the central region of\\nWestern Asia the Caucasian. In this we are at once struck\\nwith the regularity of the features, the flowing, easy grace\\nof the lines, and the perfect harmony of the whole figure.\\nThe head is oval; no part is obtrusively prominent; nothing\\nsalient or angular disturbs the softness of the lines which\\nsurround it. The face is divided into three equal parts by\\nthe line of the eyes and that of the mouth. The eyes are\\nlarge, well cut, neither too near nor too far from the nose;\\ntheir axis is placed on a single straight line at right angles\\nwith the line of the nose. The stature is tall, lithe, and\\nwell-proportioned. The length of the extended arms is\\nequal to the whole height of the body; in a word, the pro-\\nportions reveal that perfect harmony which is the essence\\nof beauty. Such is the type of the white race the Cau-\\ncasian, as it has been called the most pure and perfect\\ntype of humanity. Their average elevation above sea level\\nis 2,000 feet, hence pure and invigorating, but not too rare,\\nis their lung-food.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE CN THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 319\\nIn proportion as we depart and descend from this geogra-\\nphical centre of the races of man, the regularity diminishes,\\nand the harmony of the proportions disappears. Follow the\\ndispersing races, first, in the direction of Europe and Africa.\\nAlthough the European may be considered as belonging\\nto the central race, his features have less symmetry, but\\nmore animation, more mobility and expression. In him\\nbeauty is less physical, but more moral and intellectual,\\nwhich may be accounted for by the superior freedom with\\nintellectual and spiritual culture.\\nPassing into Africa, we find the Arab, who, whether in\\nhis own country or in Algeria, shews degeneracy in both\\nhis cranial and facial features. The degeneracy gradually\\nincreases as we proceed, southward, and may be traced\\nthrough the Galla of Abyssinia, whose hair begins to crisp;\\nthe Kaffir, with woolly hair, and lips like the negro; and\\nthe Hottentot, who long was considered the most degraded\\nspecimen of humanity. Then look to the other coast of\\nAfrica, still farther from Asia, and you find the degeneracy\\nof form still more rapid. The Berbers of the Atlas evi-\\ndently belong to the Caucasian race; but, nevertheless, in\\nthe prolongation of the head, the pouting of the mouth,\\ntheir spare meagre forms, and their deeper colour, they\\nindicate a marked degeneration. The Fellatahs of Soudan,\\nand still more the inhabitants of Senegal, bring us to the\\ntype of the Congo Negro. In him the retreating forehead,\\nthe prominent mouth, thick lips, flat nose, woolly head,\\nstrongly-developed occiput, announce the overwhelming\\npreponderance of the sensual and physical appetites and\\npropensities over the nobler faculties. And then, at the\\nextremity of Africa, the miserable Bushman is still lower\\nthan the Hottentot.\\nNow we turn to Eastern Asia to point out the marked\\ndecadence of the human species in their descent from the\\npure and elevated cradle of the race. Towards the level", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "320 EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY.\\nof the sea, the great receptacle of terrestrial impurities, aa\\nthe race descends, the more debased has it ever become.\\nBut more on this point when we come to enumerate some\\nof the centres of immorality and decay that may be visited\\non our great rivers by the sea.\\nFrom the Caucasian region, as far as the extremity of\\nAustralia, the decreasing beauty of the human form is not\\nless perceptible or less gradual than towards the extremity\\nof Africa. Here we see the Mongolian with his prominent\\ncheek-bones, eyes compressed and wide apart and elevated\\nat the outer corners, and the whole figure wanting in\\nharmony throughout. Then the Malays, who seem to\\nhave sprung from a mixture of the Mongolian and white\\nrace. The Papuan of New Guinea, with still some lingering\\nadvantages of form. But the South Australian with his\\ngaunt body, his lean members, bending knees, hump back,\\nprojecting jaws, presents the most melancholy aspect that\\nis found in human form.\\nIn our rapid suggestive general survey, we now come\\nto America. Here the same law shews itself. The face\\nof an Indian chief has some advantages, but the prominence\\nof the cheek-bones, a slight elevation of the outer angle of\\nthe eyes, and the size of the jaw, clearly betray a degener-\\nate nature. In the South American Indian all these defects\\nare still more exaggerated, and give to the races of the\\nsouth, compared with those of the north, a very marked\\ncharacter of inferiority. Finally, at the extreme point of\\nthe continent, and in the wretched Island of Tierra del\\nFuego live the Pesherais, the most misshapen, the most\\nmentally degraded, and the most wretched of all the inha-\\nbitants of the New World.\\nThe same law holds good in advancing towards the\\npoles. Passing the Finns, we arrive among the Laplanders;\\nthrough the Mongolians we reach the Tungusians, the\\nSamoiedes of Siberia, and the Esquimaux of North America.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 32 1\\nThus, in all directions as we remove from the pure\\nelevated seat of the most perfect and beautiful human\\ntype, the degeneracy becomes more strongly marked.\\nLet us now draw a few deductions from these re-\\nmarkable facts observable in the distribution of the\\nhuman race.\\n1. The continents of the north, which constitute the\\ncentral mass of the lands, are inhabited by the finest races\\nand present the most perfect types; while the continents\\nof the south, forming the extreme and far sundered points\\nof the lands, as it were long wedges driven into the\\nocean are occupied exclusively by the inferior races and\\nmost imperfect representatives of human nature. This\\ncontrast is more decided in the Old World than in the\\nNew; nevertheless, in the latter, notwithstanding the general\\ninferiority of the copper-coloured race, we have seen that\\nthe man of the north the Missouri Indian has a marked\\nsuperiority over the Indian of the south, over the Botocudos,\\nthe Guaranis, and the Pesherais of South America.\\n2. The degree of culture of nations bears a proportion to\\nthe nobleness of their race. The races of the northern con-\\ntinents of the Old World are alone civilized, while those of\\nthe southern continents have remained savage. In America\\nthe civilized Aztecs of Mexico came thither from the north.\\nThe ancient civilization of the Incas (or Quichuas) on the\\ntable-lands of Peru scarcely seems indigenous to South\\nAmerica. But, it must not be forgotten that the land itself,\\nby its elevation, belongs to the temperate zone, averaging\\nmore than 4,000 feet above sea level.\\nNow, these differences between the north and the south\\nare not of to-day nor yesterday. If we glance at the\\nmemorials of these tribes, without written history, meagre\\nas they are, it might seem that it has been the same from\\na time before all our traditions or histories if the Bible\\nis excepted. No indication brings to light in these tropica]\\nx", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "322 EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY.\\ncontinents the existence, at another epoch, of a purer type,\\nof a more perfect race of men, than the degenerate and\\ninferior form we there meet with at the present day.\\nThe annals or traditions of the tribes, in no part of these\\ncontinents, record either the birth or the progress of a\\ncivilization which has contributed to the development and\\nprogress of our race. Man has there remained always at\\nthe bottom of the scale of civilization; while, from the\\nearliest days of the world, history marks out the temperate\\nand more elevated continents as the seats of the cultivated\\ncommunities. As there is a temperate hemisphere and a\\ntropical hemisphere, so is there a corresponding civilized\\nhemisphere and a savage hemisphere.\\nWithout pursuing the subject, I may just hint here that\\nthe distribution of man on the globe, and that of the other\\norganized beings, are not founded on the same principle.\\nIn all organized beings, except the human, the approach\\nto perfection of the types is proportional to the intensity\\nof heat and of the other agents which stimulate the display\\nof physical life. But in man the approach to perfection\\nof the types is in proportion to the degree of intellectual\\nand moral improvement. This is a law of moral order,\\njust as the former is a law of physical order.\\nNow, since this subject is not only absorbing but intensely\\ninteresting, let me direct your attention, as briefly as\\npossible, to the fact that the continents of the north are\\nthe theatres of history and every kind of development.\\nThey are Asia, Europe, and North America.\\nThe result of the comparison which we have made\\nbetween the northern and southern continents, in their\\nmost general characteristics, seems to be that, what dis-\\ntinguishes the former is, not the wealth of nature and\\nthe abundance of physical life, but the aptitude which\\ntheir structure, their situation, and their climate give them\\nto minister to the development of man, and to become", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 323\\nthus the seat of a life much superior to that of nature.\\nThe three continents of the north, with their civilized\\npeoples, have appeared as the historical continents, which\\nform a marked contrast to those of the south, with their\\nsavage tribes.\\nWe know that the condition of an active, complete\\ndevelopment, is the multiplicity of the contrasts, the dif-\\nferences, the springs of action and reaction, of mutual\\nexchanges which excite and manifest life under a thousand\\ndiverse forms. To this principle corresponds, in the organi-\\nzation of the animal, the greater number of its special\\norgans; in the organization of the continents, the variety\\nof the forms of the land, the strongly characterized districts,\\nthe nature of which stamps upon the people inhabiting\\nthem a special seal, and makes them so many distinct\\nindividual bodies.\\nHence we expect to find the great fact of the life of\\nthe nations connected essentially with those differences\\nof soil and climate, and with the contrasts which nature\\nherself presents in the interior of the continents; and that\\nthe influence of these differences on the social developments\\nof man, although variable according to the times, is evident\\nin the periods of his history.\\nThe true theatre of history is the great north-eastern\\ncontinent, comprising Asia and Europe. We direct atten-\\ntion to the unity and physical plan exhibited in this grand\\ntriangular mass, which, in a natural point of view, forms a\\nsingle continent. The subdivisions bear the imprint of\\nmere secondary differences. The most remarkable trait\\nof its structure is the great dorsal ridge, composed of\\nsystems of lofty mountains traversing it from one end to\\nthe other, lengthwise, which may be regarded as the axis\\nof the continent. It is in fact that on the two sides of\\nthe long chain of more than 5,000 miles on the north and\\nsouth of the Himalaya, of the Caucasus, of the Balkan, the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "32 i EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY.\\nAlps, and the Pyrenees, the high lands of the interior of\\nthe continent extend. It splits the continent into two\\nportions, unequal in size, and differing from each other\\nin their configuration and climate. On the south the\\nareas are less vast, the lands are more indented, more\\ndetached, and, on the whole, perhaps more elevated; it is\\nthe maritime zone of the peninsulas. On the nor^h, the\\ngreat plains prevail; the peninsulas are rare or of slight\\nimportance, and the ground less varied.\\nBut that which chiefly distinguishes one of the two\\nparts from the other, and imparts to each a peculiar nature,\\nis the climate. Those lofty barriers which have been just\\nnamed, almost everywhere separate the climates as well\\nas the areas. The gradual elevation of the terraces, from\\nthe north towards the south, up to the ridge of the con-\\ntinent, by prolonging in the southern direction the frosts\\nof the north, augments still further in Eastern Asia and\\nin Europe the difference of temperature between their sides,\\nand renders it more sensible.\\nThus two opposite regions are confronted, one on the\\nnorth, in the cool temperate zone, with its vast steppes\\nand desert table-lands, its rigorous and generally dry climate\\nthe other on the south, in the warm temperate zone, with\\nits beautiful peninsulas, fertile plains, blue heavens, soft\\nclimate, delicate fruits, trees evergreen, and lovely smiling\\nnature everywhere.\\nThe contrast of these two natures must have a great\\ninfluence on the people of the two regions. It is repeated\\nfrom the history of the very earliest ages in the most\\nremarkable manner. In the north, the arid table-lands,\\nthe steppes and the forests, lead men to the life of shepherds\\nand hunters; the people are nomadic and imperfectly culti-\\nvated. In the south, the fruitful plains and a more facile\\nnature invite the people to agriculture; they form fixed\\nestablishments and become civilized. Thus, in the very", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 325\\ninterior of the historical continent, we find, placed side by\\nside, a civilized and a barbarous world.\\nAs far as the memorials of history ascend, the} 7 shew us,\\non the table-land of Iran, one of the earliest civilized nations,\\nthe ancient people of Zend. The Zendavesta, the sacred\\nbook of their legislator, displays everywhere deep traces of\\nthe conflict of Iran the good and civilized with Turan\\nthe evil, dark, and barbarous inhabitants of the low regions\\naround. Thus, clearly shewing that the purer elements of\\nnature contributed in remotest antiquity to develop and\\nelevate the human being enjoying their advantages. In\\nChina and India we have parallel examples of the effects\\nof elevation on the lofty table-lands of these vast countries.\\nThere were developed the two great cultivated nations of\\nEastern Asia, whose perfected languages, rich literature,\\nand wonderful skill in art and science remain as amazing\\nmonuments of their intellectual and physical development.\\nLet us observe, in passing, that Eastern Asia is pre-\\neminently a country of contrasts, of isolated and strongly\\ncharacterized regions. In perfect responsive accordance\\nwith these natural features of the earth, we find the char-\\nacteristics of the man who occupies the soil the Mongolian\\nrace. In this people the melancholic disposition seems to\\nprevail; the intellect, moderate in range, exercises itself\\nupon details, but never rises to the general views or the\\nhigh speculations in science and philosophy. His ideas are\\nwholly turned to things of earth, but the world of ideas,\\nthe spiritual world, seems closed against him. His whole\\nphilosophy and religion are reduced to a code of social\\nmorals for the regulation of human conduct, such only as\\nmerely renders society possible. The Chinese again, being\\nby nature closed in, have carefully adhered to the patri-\\narchal form of society; but the white race of India, sprung\\nfrom the west, have developed a civilization wholly different,\\nthe qualities of which are explained at once by the influences", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "326 EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY.\\nof the soil and the climate. The Hindoo is endowed with\\nhigher intelligence, with a power of generalization, with\\ndeep spiritual feeling, whereas the Chinese neither knows\\nnor cares for a spiritual life. The pure air, the vast mountains\\nand rivers of Upper India have so operated on the race,\\nthat it would seem that the material world disappears\\nfrom their eyes. In their literature, so rich in works of\\nhigh philosophy, of poetry, and religion, we seek in vain\\nfor the annals of their history, or any treatise on science, or\\nany collection of practical observations, so numerous among\\nthe Chinese. One thing ought not to be forgotten in con-\\nsidering these eastern civilizations. At a very remote era\\nthey had attained to their utmost in their several civiliza-\\ntions, but then they progressed no further. The great ob-\\nstruction seems to be the isolation of each great community,\\narising from the impassable barriers that the land forms\\nhave placed between them. The wonderful contrast to this\\nnatural conformation will be very striking when we notice\\nthe amazing facilities afforded by the New World.\\nNow, glance for a moment at the conformation of true\\nWestern Asia the Asia of history. It consists of a plateau,\\non the south of the great central ridge, and enjoys a fine\\nclimate, while it is flanked by two plains. If Egypt be\\nadded to it, this region will comprise all the great coun-\\ntries of ancient civilization of the centre of this continent.\\nHere is the original country of the white race, the most\\nperfect in body and mind. Their original habitat was in\\nthe very centre of this vast salubrious plateau, around the\\npellucid head streams of the great rivers, along whose\\nbanks descended the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians,\\nkeeping respectively along the Euphrates and Tigris, on\\nwhich they built Nineveh and Babylon, whose history is\\ntoo well-known to be more than simply mentioned here,\\nfor the sake of observing that their fate, in becoming great\\nsinks and centres of moral pollution and degradation, has", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 32?\\nbeen ever since the history of cities founded on large\\nstreams in low situations where natural impurities accum-\\nulate, and so affect body and mind, to sap the pure and\\nhealthy action of each. National decadence is first seen in\\ncity luxury and sensuality.\\nLet us now glance at Europe, which has a character quite\\nspecial. The giant impassable natural barriers to inter-\\ncourse which abound in Eastern Asia are almost wanting\\nhere. The whole continent is accessible, and better formed\\nand fashioned for the development of the human being.\\nThis has been the continent most favoured, considered in\\nrespect to the education of man. More than any other\\nin the old world, it calls into play his latent forces. No\\nother continent is more fitted, by the numerous physical\\nregions it presents, to bring into being so many distinct\\nand different nations and peoples, as well as to increase\\ntheir reciprocal influence and stimulate them to mutual\\nintercourse.\\nNow, we glance at North America, the third continent of\\nthe north. Its aspect differs entirely from the other two.\\nThe New World s two continents are not grouped in one\\nmass, or placed side by side, but touch only at their\\nexterior angles, standing in line rather than grouped. Be-\\nsides, they are rendered still more distinct from each other\\nby being situated in two opposite hemispheres. North\\nAmerica s characteristic is that of great simplicity of struc-\\nture. Add to this its vast areas, fruitful plains, numberless\\nrivers, prodigious facility of communication, nowhere im-\\npeded by serious obstacles, with its oceanic position, and\\nwe can perceive that it is made, not so much to give birth\\nand growth to a new civilization, as to receive one already\\nformed, and to furnish for man, whose education the Old\\nWorld has well begun, the most magnificent theatre, the\\nscene most worthy of his activity. It is lure that all the\\npeoples of Europe may meet together, with room enough", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "328 EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY.\\nto move in, may commingle their efforts and their gifts, and\\ncarry out upon a scale of grandeur hitherto unknown, the\\nlife-giving principle of modern times the principle of free\\nassociation.\\nNow, having rapidly pointed out the great leading\\nphysical causes that contribute to the formation and devel-\\nopment of the human body and mind, as it regards nations\\nand communities, let us look at a few of the more local\\nand minute causes affecting the mind and its wonderful\\nindex, the face and form.\\nIn all attempts to cultivate body and mind, we should\\nnever lose sight of the indispensable and absolutely neces-\\nsary elementary sustainers of healthy action in both. First,\\nthen, we mention pure air as the element of primary\\nimportance, as not a moment can pass in life in which we\\ncan dispense with this sustaining fluid. As the atmosphere\\nis a fluid of great compressibility and expansibility, and\\nreadily combines with other gases, holding them in solu-\\ntion, it is most important that we should inhale the air\\nthat may be as free from deleterious matter as possible. In\\nall liquids holding in solution impurities, those heavier\\nthan the liquid will be precipitated, while those that are\\nlighter will either escape at the surface, or become apparent\\nas floating impurities. As a general rule, the atmosphere\\nbecomes purer the higher we rise in it, when it is uncon-\\nfined. Poisonous gases and effluvia that are deleterious\\nto human life have such specific gravity, that they descend\\nand become the breath or food of plants. Those of large\\nlung-power in health can breathe comfortably at a mean\\nelevation of 6,000 feet above sea-level but the best average\\nheight for vigorous respiration is considered to be between\\n3,000 and 4,000 feet.\\nThe next great essential of life is pure water. It is ol\\nimmense importance that this element should be pure; and\\nmuch care is necessary in selecting and analyzing water;", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 329\\nfor it holds in solution many most dangerous ingredients\\nboth organic and inorganic. Before using water from either\\na well, or spring, or stream, we should carefully ascertain\\nits purity by carefully testing it. As a general rule, the\\nfurther from and above the sea we find a spring, it is the\\npurer, especially when it wells from the limestone or iron-\\nstone rock. But care in the selection of pure water, as well\\nas pure air is much enhanced, when it is considered that\\npurity of mind as well as body depends essentially upon\\ndue use of these great sustainers of life.\\nPeople living on low, flat, or depressed lands are well-\\nknown to be subject to fevers, jaundice, derangement of\\nthe portal system, Asiatic cholera, c, while those who\\ndwell among the mountains scarcely ever are assailed by\\nthese deadly enemies of human life. Cholera almost always\\noriginates at the mouth of the Ganges, where this immense\\nriver pours its waters into the sea, and deposits over its\\nextensive delta the fearful amount of rotting vegetable\\ndebris and putrifying human remains which the supersti-\\ntious dwellers along its 4,000 miles of banks are ever and\\nanon committing to its impetuous torrent. Look now to\\nNew Orleans and the country forming the long line of flats\\nbetween that pestilential city and the Gulf of Mexico.\\nThis is a hot-bed of yellow fever. The reason of the deadly\\nnature of this district is not far to seek. All the central\\npart of the North American continent is drained of its\\nimpurities by the Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi rivers,\\nwith their tributaries, and carried down into the hot and\\nimpure air of these vast swamps, where it soon breeds that\\nterrible scourge. Carbonic acid gas, when cool, always\\nsubsides and seeks depressed or neap ground as a resting-\\nplace, where it contaminates the vitals of those who are\\nsufficiently unfortunate to inhale this deadly poison. Fresh\\nwater will receive its own weight of carbonic acid gas,\\nwhich it carries by river to the salt water, only to be thrown", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "330 EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY.\\nout upon the air, to vitiate and debase it, and empoison the\\nblood of those who inhale it. Thus we perceive how it\\naiises that all the dwellers upon low lands are more sub-\\nject to fevers (especially fever-ague) than the inhabitants\\nof elevated lands. The people who live in low countries\\nare more or less depressed in their higher natures by the\\nimpurities which they breathe, as well as by the depressing\\nmonotony of the scenery. It is a law, that whatever affects\\nthe body affects also the mind. The debilitating effect of\\nimpure air and water conduce to stimulate the animal and\\ndepress the moral nature of man. This same law operates\\nin causing the inhabitants of uplands to be more thoughtful\\nand less animal than those who dwell on the marshy and\\npaludal soil. This same thought-principle would raise and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2define the nose, chasten the lips, and mark clearly the eyes\\nform, as well as its expression. A striking example of this\\nmay be seen in the African face, which, in its flatness,\\nreflects the character of the country whence he sprang.\\nThe people dwelling along the Amazon of South America are\\nwarm in their animal natures, but crude in their mentality.\\nThe degenerate Spaniard of Mexico is vigorous of body,\\nardent in love, stolid in intellectual improvements, while\\nhe is debased, and, as a rule, animal.\\nThe physiognomy of the deer, elk, and antelope, are well-\\ndefined and expressive, when contrasted with that of the\\ncrocodile, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, as well as other\\nanimals of low river-countries, in which feculent air\\nabounds.\\nThis same principle would prove that the people who\\nlive in hilly, temperate climates are further advanced in\\nsocial arts and accomplishments than those whose abodes\\nare in level and depressed countries. The classic hills,\\ngroves, and elevated picturesque cities of Italy are the\\nlocalities whence the instructors of the fine arts press their\\nclaims for deserving merit. England, with her level fields", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 331\\nof grain, pasture, and woodland scenery, is queen of the\\nseas, and possesses a physical power which the nations of\\nthe world care not to dispute. Scotland, with her rugged\\nmountains, deep ravines, and bounding rills, is the birth-\\nplace of industry, and sterling peaceful worth. These attri-\\nbutes also depend largely upon the granite in her soil, and\\nthe early oatmeal brain-nourishing fare of her sturdy sons,\\nwho labour in their youth in the open air, and study as a\\npastime until they enter college. Let it be observed also,\\nthat all their universities are by the sea, or on elevated\\nsituations. More eminent men have come from the granite\\nshire of Aberdeen, in proportion to its population, than\\nfrom any other county in Scotland. The granite character\\nis in their very nature. Ireland, with shamrock ever green,\\ninspires her people with a love of song and liberty. Her\\nnatives strongly bear out the observations, we have made\\non the influence of the physical surroundings. The hilly\\ncounties and highlands of Connemara produce tall, hand-\\nsome, keen, active, persevering, intelligent men and beauti-\\nful women; while the ungainly baboon-faced, pot-bellied\\nrapparees are the natural offspring of the great central plain\\nand interminable bog-land that occupies such a vast pro-\\nportion of the country. North America, with her snow-clad\\npeaks and thundering cataracts, in her grand simplicity of\\nnatural construction for facilitating every species of mental\\nand material progress, bids away the traveller s monotony,\\nand beckons his thoughts transcendently above the inglo-\\nrious herd to the mazes and labyrinths of worlds whose\\nsplendour and stupendous grandeur fill the sky.\\nNearly all great reforms of a moral nature were first\\nstarted on some mountain or in a mountainous country.\\nThe Decalogue was given to Moses on the grand, rugged\\nmountain of Horeb. The Messiah, whose teaching rolled\\non the chariot wheels of civilization, had His birth in the\\nhilly district near Jerusalem, and most )f His teachings were", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "332 EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY.\\non the top or declivity of a mountain. In ancient times,\\nwhen a people desired some great good, they were com-\\nmanded to go up to the mountain tops and pray. They,\\ntoo, knew the ennobling effect of elevation and pure air of\\nmountain freshness upon the mind and morals of men.\\nThere are more Thoracic forms among the inhabitants of\\nmountainous regions than in lowland countries, because the\\npurity of high air necessitates greater respiration in volume,\\nwhich enlarges the organs of respiration, and the thorax\\nwhich contains them.\\nIn flat sections, the air seems to encourage the nutritive\\npower, and the people become full of adipose material, and\\nare round, plump, and somewhat inactive. This is the case\\npre-eminently in Holland, where the inhabitants are often\\non a lower level than the sea, which is kept from inundating\\ntheir towns by their famous dykes. On the other hand,\\nmountain-air thickens and cools the blood, arches the upper\\neyelid, expands the forehead and chest, sharpens every\\nfeature, and gives vivacity and action to both body and\\nmind.\\nIn Alaska the Indians are fairer, more thin-lipped, and\\nhave higher and narrower noses than the Indians of Cali-\\nfornia, Nevada, Utah, or Colorado. The Stichians and Sticks\\nwho inhabit Alaska are quite intelligent, and never use\\nsalt. Nor do any of the Alaskians use salt shewing that\\nsalt is an article not positively necessary to the sustenance\\nof man.\\nThe reasoning powers of those who live in pure air are\\nmore clear and accurate than of those who dwell in low\\nmalarious districts. The atmosphere of low realms excites\\nthe animal nature in men, and causes them to talk and\\nthink more of the voluptuous and amorous pleasures than\\nthose who live in high altitudes with pure air. Where\\ncountries are undulating and the waters clear, and brisk\\nbreezes fan away incentives to vice, there the soul towers", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "EFFECT OF ALTITUDE UN THE HUMAN MIND AND BODY. 333\\naway in the majesty and gloriousness of the noblest nature;\\nwhereas the marshes and frog-ponds of mortiferous regions\\nmake full cheeks, large necks, dull dark eyes and skin,\\nflat noses, hollowing and narrow foreheads, all of which\\nevince want of intellect, and that the individual is doltish\\nand asinine.\\nUpon the mountain tops of moderate elevation, the air\\nbeing fine and subtle, one respires with pleasurable freedom;\\nthe body is more elastic, the mind more serene; pleasures\\nbecome less ardent and the passions more controllable. The\\ngrandeur of the scenery inspires sublimity in the mind s\\nmeditations. Thus elevated above all animal life, it seems\\nas if one had left every low terrestrial sentiment and had\\napproached the celestial realms of light. The soul feels\\ndrinking in full draughts of eternal purity, and one be-\\ncomes thoughtful without being melancholy, peaceful but\\nnot indolent, inspired yet resigned; the passions are more\\nreadily subdued, while gentle emotions fill the mind. Hence\\nthe passions, which in the lower world are man s most\\npowerful enemy, in a higher sphere contribute to his\\nadvancement and happiness.\\nAbove me are the Alps.\\nThe palaces of Nature, whose vast walls\\nHave pinnacled in clouds their snowy scalps,\\nAnd throned eternity in icy halls\\nOf cold sublimity, where forms and falls\\nThe avalanche the thunderbolt of snow\\nAll that expands the spirit, yet appals,\\nGather around these summits, as to show\\nHow earth may pierce to heaven, yet leave vain man below. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Byron.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "CHARACTERIZED FROM BIRTH.\\nWhy were none of us born among savage tribes in Africa?\\nY\\\\Thy was not our lot the dingy complexion and oblique\\neyes of the Chinese, or the copper hue of the former inha-\\nbitants of America? God only knows. We readily admit\\nthat there are some conditions of our existence over which\\nwe have no control, and for which, therefore, we have no\\naccountability. If a man was born blind, no one blames\\nhim for not seeing; if deaf, no one expects him to hear; if\\nidiotic, his want of reason renders him the object of our\\npity, not of our condemnation. But in a modified degree\\nsome are born with interior intellectual powers, some with\\nperverted moral tendencies, and there is seldom any allow-\\nance made for them; while others inherit superior talents\\nor a high moral character, and though they may have\\nbestowed little culture on either, they are praised by others,\\nand valued by themselves. We cannot always account\\neither for the gifts of nature or its obliquities and defi-\\nciences. One boy is born with a natural, genius for\\nmusic, another has a passion for poetry, a third delights\\nin mechanics. It may be assumed, as a general rule, that\\nthose faculties which the parents cultivate, rather than\\nthose which they idly possess, are those most likely to be\\ntransmitted to their children. While, therefore, no one is\\naccountable for what he has not received, every one is\\nresponsible, not only on his own account, but on that ot", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "CHARACTERIZED FROM BIRTH. 335\\nhis offspring, for what cultivation he bestows on his natural\\nendowments, and what check he places on his inherited\\nvices. There is no doubt that if a child is led to follow\\nthe bent of his natural abilities, whether these are intel-\\nlectual or physical, if they are moral and good, he will\\nsucceed better and rise higher than he could by labouring\\nin an avocation for which he has no natural fitness. It\\noften happens that certain expressions of countenance in\\nthe child bear a striking resemblance to those of the father\\nor mother. This is a sure indication that the child is much\\nlike the parent in those traits of character that are mani-\\nfested in those features; and for this characteristic the\\nparent, perhaps the progenitors for several generations past,\\nhave inevitably set the die which has moulded that child.\\nHow much education and careful training may do to eradi-\\ncate hereditary evils, no man can tell with certainty, nor\\nhow much may be done by a man s pains-taking with\\nhimself when he comes to years of discretion; but all\\nconcur in the opinion that though education in youth\\nand self-discipline in manhood, may mould and influence,\\nyet it will never wholly eradicate the evil arising from\\npre-natal causes, so that it shall not be ever ready as a\\nroot of bitterness to spring up and give trouble. Dr. A\\nwas understood to be an illegitimate son of George IV\\nHe was taught the business of a printer, but coming under\\nchurch influences in his early manhood, and exhibiting\\nconsiderable gifts of speech, as well as knowledge, he was 1\\ninduced to become a preacher. How long his bettei\\nprinciples prevailed over inherited tendencies we know\\nnot but some time after he had passed the meridian of\\nlife, his personal resemblance to his father became striking\\nand unmistakable. Unhappily the disposition to sexual\\ngratification likewise developed, until all bounds of decorum\\nwere overstepped, and he resigned the position he had so\\ndisgraced. Carrying, however, like thousands of others, his", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "336 CHARACTERIZED FROM BIRTH.\\nsanctimonious and hypocritical face, he obtained employ-\\nment through the patronage of a more fortunate scion of\\nthe royal house, who was not a Physiognomist.\\nIt is far more easy to cultivate a child that closely\\nresembles both parents, than one in whom little or no\\nlikeness can be traced. And as those characteristics which\\nthe parents have most cultivated in themselves, are those\\nwhich they are most likely to transmit, so are they the\\ntendencies most easily susceptible of culture in the offspring.\\nOn the other hand, a child who is personally unlike both\\nparents, will not be so accessible to educational appliances;\\nbecause he does not remarkably inherit the cultivated\\nqualities of either father or mother. If the father has\\nexcelled in any laudable avocation, and his son is found\\npersonally to perfectly resemble him, it is sure to be right\\nto bring the child up to follow his father s calling. The\\nsame rule is applicable in cases of resemblance to the\\nmother. And here, comes in the importance of a thorough\\nknowledge of the facial signs and evidences of character.\\nBy the tokens they give, statesmen may be developed and\\nembryo poets brought into life. With this unerring aid,\\none child will be made a mechanic and another a lawyer\\nwith the happiest results to themselves, and honour to the\\nparents.\\nIn some countries, all trades and professions are hereditary\\nby law; it being taken for granted that inherited talent\\nand the opportunity of early culture ought to result in\\nsuperior proficiency. This is true, but with some limita-\\ntion. We often see a particular talent appear to die out in\\nthe third or fourth generation sooner if the mothers are\\ndestitute of it. We have heard of great generals whose\\nsons proved still greater, as Philip of Macedon, the father\\nof Alexander, but the line went no further. So of some\\neminent authors and musicians. S. W. was the first\\norganist in England, perhaps in Europe. His father had", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "CHARACTERIZED FROM BIRTH. 337\\nbeen, musical, though not professionally so. His wife was\\ndestitute of the talent, and so were his children by he:.\\nBut he had another liaison with a musical lady, and both\\nthe sons and daughters of that union proved musicians of\\nsuperior talent.\\nIt is worthy of remark in passing, how many of those\\nmen who have made the most conspicuous figures in the\\nworld have left no sons, or none that came to maturity.\\nWe need only mention Alexander the Great and Julius\\nCsesar in ancient times; the first Napoleon, General Wash-\\nington, and Benjamin Franklin among the moderns; to\\nsay nothing of some of our most celebrated historians and\\npoets.\\nWhatever apparent irregularities there may be in the\\ntransmission of certain intellectual talents and moral\\nqualities, it is certain that wherever any particular\\nphysical organization is required for a special vocation,\\nits perfection can generally be attained only through\\ninheritance. A fine example of this might have been\\nseen forty or fifty years ago among the fishwomen who\\noccupied the village of Newhrven, near Edinburgh. They\\nwere accustomed to load themselves every morning with\\nimmense burdens of fish with which they walked many\\nmiles during the day, uttering cries which could be heard at\\na great distance. They seldom intermarried with any but\\nthe hardy fishermen of the same village; and thus had\\nbeen formed a race of such stalwart females as made all\\nothers appear as pigmies by their side. Some remains of\\nthis race may yet be seen; but the facilities of railway\\ntransmission have superseded the demands on their strength,\\nthe shopkeepers have thus got the best of the trade out\\nof their hands; and as a separate people located in one\\nspot, they have ceased.\\nOn the other hand, the most eminent teachers of dancing\\nin our great cities have inherited the profession through\\nT", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "338 CHARACTERIZED FROM BIRTH.\\nseveral generations. It would be impossible to make a\\ngood dancing-master of a ploughman s son, or a danseuse\\nof the daughter of a Newhaven tish woman. Any one who\\nhas had an opportunity of observing the footmen that\\nattend Queen Victoria in her migrations through the\\ncountry, must have been struck with the singular light-\\nness and rapidity of their steps, reminding one of Mercury,\\nthe messenger of the gods, with his winged feet. These\\nservants could not be made out of clod-hoppers by any\\ncourse of training. They are born of families that have\\nbeen in the service of princes and nobles for generations\\nback both men and women accustomed to practice this\\nnoiseless elastic movement.\\nSuch are the seeds, moral, intellectual, and physical,\\nwhich parents sow in their children; and such character-\\nistics as we have alluded to are the legitimate fruit of\\nancestral virtue or vice, superior or interior intellectual\\nculture.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "CHANGE OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\nThe beauty and ever-changing expression of an emotional\\nhuman face has in all a^es fixed the attention and called\\nforth the admiration of lovers, poets, and philosophers.\\nEead o er the volume of his lovely face,\\nAnd find delight writ there with beauty s pen\\nExamine every several lineament,\\nAnd what obscure in this fair volume lies,\\nFind written in the margin of his eyes. Shakespeare.\\nHow much her grace is altered on the sudden!\\nHow long her face is drawn How pale she looks,\\nAnd of an earthly cold! Mark you her eyes. Idem.\\nHer face had a wonderful fascination in it. It was such a calm, quiet,\\nface, with the light of the rising soul shining so peacefully through it. At\\ntimes it wore an expression of seriousness, of sorrow even and then seemed\\nto the very air bright with what the Italian poets so beautifully call the\\nlampeggiar dell anglico riso, the lighting of the angelic smile.\\nLongfellow.\\nEvery face, however, is not alike transparent to the ordi-\\nnary observer. But none can conceal the character and\\npropensities of their inmost nature from the penetration\\nand scrutinizing glance of the skilled, scientific Physiogno-\\nmist. Every man in his age has a sonl of crystal through\\nwhich all men may read his actions; yet some men s hearts\\nand faces are so far asunder, that they try to make it", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "340 CHANGE OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\nappear that no intelligence is held between them. This,\\nhowever, is self-deception, very delusive.\\nNot only is the face of every human being recognizably\\nand perceptibly different from that of every other indi-\\nvidual of our species; but every individual face is under-\\ngoing various kinds of changes throughout the whole course\\nof life, and thus becoming a physiognomical stereotype\\nplate, as readable to the Physiognomist as the most legible\\nletterpress page is to the linguist. We often hear wonder\\nexpressed at the infinite variety, and yet amazing similarity\\nof some one phenomenon in organized matter. No one\\nhas ever yet found, on comparison, two blades of grass,\\nleaves of trees, animals, or aught else endowed with life,\\nexactly alike. We sometimes hesitate whether to admire\\nmost this endless variety with striking similarity in nature,\\nor the godlike faculty with which we are endowed for\\nits perception and appreciation.\\nAny law of nature, which is found universally prevalent,\\nmay be relied on and universally applied in the examina-\\ntion of natural phenomena and solution of physical pro-\\nblems. Nature never lies when questioned by the honest,\\ncandid truth-seeker.\\nThe colour of the eye, in all civilized nations, is of almost\\nevery shade; whereas, among barbarous tribes and uncivil-\\nized nations, the colour is, almost without exception, the\\nsame in every individual. On whatever principle this may\\nbe accounted for, we find the fact to be, that the tribes and\\nnations of uniform colour of eye are gradually disappearing\\nbefore the peoples of the many-coloured eye. The most\\nremarkable instances of this are the gradual disappearance\\nof the Celts from all the western countries of Europe;\\nthe Indian tribes, from the American continent, and the\\naborigines from all the islands of the Pacific. The Physiog-\\nnomist of the past was not capable of comprehending the\\npresent age; for the human face changes with the ever-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "CHANGE OF THE HUMAN FACE. 341\\nchanging exigencies of the times and nature. This law of\\nchange runs through all nature, and is applicable to this\\nscience in a pre-eminent degree. The observations I am\\nmaking are true for this age; but, owing to the changes\\nwhich are gradually and incessantly taking place in man-\\nkind, and necessarily affecting the human face divine,\\nthe rules applicable now may not be pertinent in fifty years\\nhereafter, except as they must be changed to coincide with\\nthe shifting phases of the panoramic mutations of kaleido-\\nscope facial phenomena. The only plan, then, is to keep\\ninvestigating until you become thoroughly imbued with\\nthe phenomena of the passing age, and perfectly conversant\\nwith its distinctive characteristics.\\nForms are ever changing. Fifty or a hundred years ago\\nthey were very different from those of the present day.\\nConsequently, so are the dispositions and aspirations of the\\npeople. But in the coming time, the changes will be much\\nmore rapid than in past ages. Since the invention of\\nprinting, everything intellectual has been progressing in a\\ngeometrical ratio; but since the independence of the United\\nStates of North America; the invention of the Magnetic\\nand Electric Telegraph; the Morse system of recording\\nmessages; the introduction of the Hoe printing press; and\\nthe consequent almost universal diffusion of every species\\nof knowledge, one 7 ear in this age (1873) is more than\\nequal to a century five hundred years since. This amazing\\nrapidity in all intellectual stimulants and appliances must,\\nand has affected the human face to such a degree, that it\\ncan only be appreciated by the connoisseur in pictorial .and\\nsculptural art. The rapidity of the change is astonishing;\\nand the reason might be given, but the ordinary mind is\\nprepared for only part of the truth at present. The rest\\nshall be retained for another and future occasion, as I\\nintend to write on this theme again. In a brief article like\\nthe present, this vast and absorbing subject cannot be\\nexhausted.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "342 CHANGE OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\nThe change of the human face, from birth to old age, is\\none of the most remarkable of natural phenomena. Nothing\\nin nature presents to the investigator of her beauties germs\\nso capable of expanding the thoughts by study, as this\\nchange in the face of the human creature. In every person\\nthe subject may be easily illustrated, for every one has to\\npass through the same ordeal. The infant has a round\\ndimpled face with a body soft in all its parts. As age\\nincreases, it grows hard in bone and muscle lines become\\ndiscernible, and the countenance, changing, gives more\\nexpression to the face, which, by and by, exhibits indelible\\nmarks as records of vice or virtue, past and present, that\\ngive to the individual a fixed and idiosyncratical expression\\nby which he can be recognized and distinguished from every\\nother human being. But the animal kingdom does not\\npresent to the observer such a variety of expression. Such\\nsameness of countenance obtains among the lower animals\\nof the same species that, were it not for some peculiarity,\\nsuch as colour, or form, or size, it would be impossible to\\ndistinguish them. Take a flock of white sheep and try\\nthe experiment. This difficulty is acknowledged and\\nattested by the universal practice of proprietors marking\\nthe animals of their flocks, herds, and piggeries with their\\nown initials, so as to be able to identify them when mixed\\nwith other flocks. Very different is the feeling about the\\nmembers and individuals of the human family. Who ever\\nheard of a person being marked that he might be recog-\\nnized? The amazing variety and instantaneously recogniz-\\nable peculiarity of face specially belonging to every one\\nprecludes the slightest necessity for any other distinction\\nThe most casual observer can see no two alike; but it is\\nworthy of remark that, the higher we rise in the grade of\\nintelligence and intellectual development, the more easily\\nis the individuality recognizable by physiognomical expres-\\nsion. Compare the faces of men of mark, who have held", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "CHANGE OF THE HUMAN FACE. 343\\nhigh positions of public trust and great responsibility, with\\nthose who are mediocre individuals who have jogged on\\nthrough life in an even, monotonous course, and you will at\\nonce perceive how easy it is to recognize the men of\\ndistinction from those of the common level in life.\\nNature s noblemen, the aristocracy of goodness and\\nintellect, are ever more easily and readily distinguished\\nthan the commonalty. How readily men of gigantic intel-\\nlect are known by even a common photogram, no matter\\nhow poorly it has been taken. For instance, Shakespeare,\\nMilton, Washington, Lincoln, Greeley, Grant, Burns, Sir\\nWalter Scott, Gladstone, Disraeli, Spurgeon, with hundreds\\nof others, who have occupied positions of such eminence thai,\\nevery one has become familiar with their faces. A few\\nlines etched by a skilled physiognomical artist will render\\nsuch a face as Greeley s at once recognizable, whereas, when\\nyou descend in the scale of intelligence and intellectuality,\\nyou find that faces become less marked, until they become\\nnearly as undistinguishable as sheep, as in soldiers of the\\nregular or standing army of the European nations. Such\\nalso is the case in families in which nothing has disturbed\\nthe monotony of the ever-recurring daily routine of exist-\\nence. These all become almost as like as twins. Descend\\nstill further, to the savage tribes, and there, on a cursory\\ninspection, you feel disposed to think them all perfectly\\nalike. The horse is more intelligent than the ox or hog,\\nand less variety of physiognomical expression is perceptible\\nin the hog or hippopotamus than in the horse. This is\\nsimply another proof that, in proportion to the develop-\\nment of intelligence, the more perceptible is the variety of\\ncountenance.\\nThe change of countenance is not so great in youth as it\\nis between the ages of twenty and thirty, unless it has been\\npreviously affected by sickness. So intimately connected\\nare all the parts of the body that, whatever affects one part", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "344 CHANGE OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\nof necessity affects every other part. If the frame ia\\ndwarfed, the parts are similarly affected. Those who under-\\nstand this can tell how each part is affected by age, disease,\\nor education, for all are alike affected by change. I will\\nnot say, in this chapter, what effect each part exercises over\\nthe others, though this is very important to be well under-\\nstood for in that branch of Physiognomy much depends on\\ncircumstances.\\nA sweet attractive kind of grace\\nA full assurance given by looks,\\nContinual comfort in a face,\\nThe lineaments of gospel books\\nI trow that countenance cannot lie,\\nWhose thoughts are legible in the eye. Spenser.\\nThe cheek\\nIs apter than the tongue to tell an errand. Shakespeare.\\nThe cares, and sorrows, and hungerings of the world, change counten-\\nances as they change hearts and it is only when those passions sleep, and\\nhave lost their hold forever, that the troubled clouds pass off and leave\\nheaven s surface clear. It is a common thing for the countenances of the\\ndead, even in that fixed and rigid state, to subside into the long-forgotten\\nexpression of sleeping infancy, and settle into the very look of early life so\\ncalm, so peaceful, do they grow again, that those who knew them in their\\nhappy childhood, kneel by the coffin s side in awe, and see the angel eveB\\nipon earth. Dickens.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "COMMON SENSE.\\nCommon Sense is the complement of those convictions or cognitions\\nwhich we receive from nature, which all men possess in common, and by\\nwhich they test the truth of knowledge and the morality of actions; the\\nfaculty of first principles; such ordinary complement of intelligence, that\\nif a person be deficient therein he is accounted mad or foolish native\\npractical intelligence natural prudence mother wit; tact in behaviour\\nacuteness in the observation of character, in contrast to habits of acquired\\nlearning or of speculation. Sir Wm. Hamilton.\\nIn an ingenious and forcible article on the theory of\\nCommon Sense, Dr. W. B. Carpenter maintains that this\\nfine mental power consists in the capacity to bring all\\nthe results of pertinent experience to bear upon any question\\nwhich is submitted to the decision of the judgment, to\\nwhich exercise it is, of course, necessary that the mind\\nshould instantaneously discriminate between those ex-\\nperiences which are, and which are not relevant to the\\nmatter in hand. One of the most frequent and useful\\neffects of this convergence ox experiences is to enable the\\nthinker to form a correct and rapid estimate of the\\nmeans which are best adapted to the end which he has\\nin view.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "346 COMMON SENSE.\\nAn able writer, in commenting upon Dr. Carpenter s\\ninteresting and, in many respects, admirable theory, accepts\\nit with the needed amendment, that imagination as well\\nas experience enters into the higher exercises of Common\\nSense; for with skill in using experience, there must\\nbe also a touch of poetic insight, a talent for the use of\\nundeveloped agencies, a gift for preferring an unexpected\\nmethod to an expected, a great alacrity and courage for\\nnew lines of enterprise. In other words, originality, as\\nwell as the power of correctly applying experience, is\\ninvolved in the exercises of Common Sense. The first\\nNapoleon s system of tactics was not due exclusively to\\nthe instructions which he received in the school of Brienne,\\nand which were founded on the military experience of the\\npast, but to his own intuitive and original insight into\\nthose martial arrangements which would best subserve\\nhis gigantic purposes. The common sense which he so con-\\nspicuously displayed in all the complications of his affairs,\\nwas indeed always more or less marked by original genius.\\nAt a time, for instance, when nobility was universally\\nunderstood to be an inherited and not a native grandeur,\\nthere was wonderful freshness and independence of view\\nin his reply to the Italian flatterer who was endeavouring\\nto prove to him his descent from the Dukes of Treviso.\\nEre the wily courtier had completed the false genealogy,\\nNapoleon broke in with the curt declaration that his patent\\nof nobility dated only from the battle of Montenotte the\\nfirst victory which he had gained over the Austrians in\\nItaly.\\nThe gift by which we are enabled to bring the results\\nof experience, and the suggestions of intuition to rapid\\nconvergence upon a given question, is a distinct and natural\\npower which may be transmitted by inheritance.\\nIt sometimes happens that an individual displays more\\nCommon Sense in youth than in maturity. This pheno-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "COMMON SENSE. 347\\nmenon is owing to the fact that he finds it comparatively\\neasy and rapid work to discriminate and apply the limited\\nexperiences of early life, but from want of mental grasp is\\nconfused by the accumulating and, to him, contradictory\\nsuggestions which are furnished by succeeding years. The\\nfact that a long course of education sometimes impairs the\\npractical capacity or Common Sense of the student, is also\\ndue to the bewildering effects of the accumulation of know-\\nledge in excess of the power to digest and apply it.\\nCommon Sense is the general characteristic which estab-\\nlishes the fact that a person is not a fool or a lunatic. Its\\nfacial markings are so decided that they can scarcety be\\nmistaken even by the most carelsss observer. A fool is\\nnearly always seen with vacant staring eyes and open\\nmouth. It is thus that he is described by Dryden inr\\nthe lines\\nThe fool of Nature with stupid eyes\\nAnd gaping mouth that testified surprise.\\nBorn without intelligence, or deprived of it by some\\nunhappy accident, he will testify to the fact by the physiog-\\nnomical disproportion of his features and the vacancy of his\\nexpression for, as Sir Thomas Browne has it, In mystic\\ncharacters we all bear in our features the motto of our\\nsouls. Lunatics are not so easily recognized as fools.\\nThey are often men who, previous to their derangement,\\nwere possessed of a high degree of mental development, but\\nwho have been thrown out of their intellectual balance by\\nsome ill-explained but abnormal condition of the nervous\\nsystem. As this condition is usually the result of undue\\nintellectual exertion, of keen emotions, or of long-continued\\nanxieties, it has come to be a popular and not unreasonable\\nidea that dullards never go mad, since their phlegmatic\\nforms are incapable of the excitements in which madness\\noriginates.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "343\\nCOMMON SENSE.\\nLunatics may be compared to a ship which has plenty\\nof sail, but no ballast; or to a watch in movement without\\na balance-wheel. Their eyes, which have a peculiar glazed-\\nness, are sometimes fixed upon an object or upon vacancy\\nwith a ghastly stare, and sometimes wander from one point\\nto another with a restless and hunted look, which it is very\\npainful to witness. The expression of sadness which so\\noften marks their faces is appalling rather than pathetic.\\nIt appears as if two\\nsynchronous trains of\\nthought were con-\\nstantly passing\\nthrough their minds,\\nand in the futile effort\\nto harmonize them,\\nthey were burdened,\\nconfused, and even\\nagonized. The un-\\nsteadiness which is\\nnoticeable in all their\\nactions is but the\\nexternal sign of their\\nnervo- mental irregu-\\nlarities.\\nI append the cuts of a fool and a lunatic.\\nA person possessed of common sense never keeps his\\nmouth open like a fool, or performs irregular and unreason-\\nable actions like a madman. The degree in which he\\npossesses this quality will depend upon the harmony of his\\nwhole being. It is a law of nature, that we cannot do\\noutside of ourselves that which is not in accordance with\\nour interior organization, and hence, as the act of judg-\\ning is only a balancing of the various considerations\\nwhich are connected with a given subject, such as value,\\nweight, form, logical force, c, the balancing power, or\\nFoolish Sam.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "COMMON SENSE.\\n349\\ncommon sense is dependent upon a balanced condition of\\nthe system.\\nIt is almost universally the\\ncase, that when the mind is\\nexclusively directed to a parti-\\ncular department of knowledge\\nor action, the special intellectual\\nsense is developed at the ex-\\npense of the common sense.\\nJames Brindley, the great\\nengineer, a genius\\nOf mother wit, and wise without\\nthe schools,\\nis a striking example of this\\ntruth. After having con-\\nstructed the Bridgewater Canal,\\nunder difficulties which caused\\nthe practical men of the day\\nto condemn the project as\\nutterly chimerical, he is said\\nto have been waited on by\\na committee of the House of\\nCommons, who asked him for\\nwhat object rivers were formed.\\nThe ardent engineer replied,\\nwith more enthusiasm than common\\nMajor, a lunatic, copied from the\\nCharacters of Glasgow, pub-\\nlished by John Tweed, 11 St.\\nEnoch Square, Glasgow.\\nsense, To feed\\nnavigable canals. Some of the most remarkable and useful\\nmen that the world has known have owed their success,\\nnot, as is usually the case, to the specialization, but to the\\nuniversality of their power?. Such a man was Leibnitz,\\nwho was not only primus ider primos among mathema-\\nticians, but was also well-nigh equally distinguished as a\\nmetaphysician, naturalist, jurisconsult, theologian, and his-\\ntorian. Of this great man, Dugald Stewart unhesitatingly\\ndeclared that literature and science had gained more by", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "350 COMMON SENSE.\\nhis universality than they could possibly have lost through\\nthe diffusion of his powers.\\nThe lack of common sense which we so often observe\\niu the pulpit is largely owing to the fact that the atten-\\ntion of preachers is so exclusively centred upon one class\\nof ideas that they are blind to other considerations, which,\\nto laymen, are the patent facts of human experience. In\\ntheir violent attacks upon the sins of the Jews, and the\\nvices of the Corinthians (while the sinners of their own\\ncongregations sit unreproved and uninstructed beneath\\nthem) they often remind me of the boy who stood throw-\\ning stones at a barn swallow that was building its nest\\nbeneath the eaves of a lofty edifice. When asked why\\nhe attempted to strike this far-off bird, while hundreds\\nof the same species were standing near him, he replied,\\nthat if he could succeed in killing the one in the eaves,\\nhe would then feel sure that he could hit ail the rest.\\nThe parsons, to whom J have referred, seem possessed\\nof a similar idea which prompts them to the inspiring\\nthought that if they can only make the dead Jews and\\nCorinthians feel the point of their darts, they can after-\\nwards impale every living sinner at their discretion.\\nJohn G-. Whittier, a celebrated American poet and philanthropist,\\nthe latter is shown by his long and relatively narrow face the capacity\\nfor poesy gives the intelligent look with well-proportioned features.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "THE THINKER.\\nTheee are few abstract things so generally recognized and\\nadmitted as the influence exercised on the Physiognomy\\nby a protracted continuance in any particular calling or\\noccupation. Even in occupations, the successful prosecu-\\ntion of which does not draw very largely upon the resources\\nof the mind, we find the principle very appreciably at\\nwork; and few men endowed with any powers of obser-\\nvation, even although these powers may be developed only\\nin a very rudimentary degree, can have failed to be struck\\nwith the approximate correctness which attends his specu-\\nlations as to the probable calling of a chance acquaintance,\\neven although he may have no other ground- work of\\nhypothesis than the Physiognomy alone. Thus, on a\\nSunday or fete day, when, for the time being, the more\\nmaterial indications are obliterated in the metamorphoses\\neffected by the powerful agencies of soap, hair-brushes,\\nand broad-cloth, there is little difficulty in pointing out\\nthe vagrant, the artizan, the shopman, or the clerk; and\\nwhen the facial index would seem to fail in its functions,\\nbecause it is in impractical hands, an inquiry would almost\\ninvariably result in the elucidation of exceptional and ex-\\nplanatory circumstances, or in the discovery of an abnormal\\nspecimen of humanity. If this hold good in the lower\\nstrata of the social system, in which there is a less urgent\\ndemand for mental activity, we might be prepared to find", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "352 THE THINKER.\\nthe principle much more manifestly at work in those\\nhigher grades in which the intellectual predominates over\\nthe ordinary and the commonplace. And here, indeed, we\\ndo find this operation of nature leaving its handwriting on\\nthe visages of habitual thinkers with a pencil of no un-\\ncertain touch. As the process of serious reflection and\\nmental analysis is carried on entirely within the inmost\\nchambers of the organization, and as, for the time being,\\nthe visual organs are not required in their ordinary\\nfunctional capacity, the eyes are either closed, or they\\nare fixed on vacancy, utterly failing in discerning objects\\nbefore them, which at other times would have aroused\\nthe most lively interest and curiosity. Habitual indulgence\\nin reverie speedily fastens an indelible stamp upon the\\nPlvysiognomy. The eyes, from habitually retreating back-\\nwards, to watch, as it were, the weighty operations going\\non in the laboratory of the organization, seem at last to\\ntake up their permanent abode there. Thus, the hollow\\nsunken eye, which marks the visage of maturity and of\\nage, invariably denotes long and continued struggling with\\nmental problems. As in thinking, eagerness and impulse\\nare the antipodes of mature deliberation and patient un-\\ncompromising investigation, so might we be prepared to\\nfind the marks which, denote the votaries of the former to\\nbe the antipodes of the traces I have just been describing,\\nand such is the fact. The unseen and hard-fought strife,\\nwith conclusions, which has its seat in the organization\\nof the thinker, soon produces its handwriting on the\\noutside, and the ploughshare of thought slowly but\\nsurely turns up the furrows across the brow and the\\nface furrows that can never afterwards be effaced. No\\ngreat thinker ever had a smooth face. Not to men of\\ndeep reflection, but to children of tender years, and to\\nchildren of older growth, belongs the smooth unwrinkled\\nbrow, which betokens the mind contented with its sur-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "THE THINKER. 353\\nroundings, and tmspeculative as to the why and wherefore\\nof the many mysteries which surround us from the cradle\\nto the grave. In such men as Pope, Dryden, Cuvier.\\nLeibnitz, Liebig, Morse, Robert Dale Owen, and a host of\\nother glorious names of similar calibre, we have the deep\\nand well-defined wrinkles of the indomitable and uncom-\\npromising thinker, who will accept nothing for granted, and\\nwill have none of halting conclusions or insecure and\\ntottering premises. Here we have the attenuated features,\\nthe long deep furrows stretching across the forehead, and\\nthat drawing together of the occipito frontallis muscle\\nwhich produces those wrinkles transversely to the muscle\\nand forehead, the muscle running up and down over the\\nforehead, and attaching or extending with its tendinous\\noponeurosis from the brow over the top of the head to\\nthe occipital bone. The shortening process thereby in-\\ncurred, results in an elevation of the eyebrows and a\\nconsequent wrinkling of the skin of the forehead. But\\nother causes contribute in forming the outward and visible\\nmarks of sustained thought and deliberation. By reason of\\nthe mental abstractions closing the secernent system, thereby\\ncutting off and removing the supply of adipose or fat\\nfrom the body, the cushioning behind the scalp is therefore\\ndiminished; the skin becomes localized into a smaller circle,\\nand there lies more loosely and less closely packed, until\\neventually, folding up to accommodate itself to the narrowed\\nspace, the permanent wrinkles are formed for the uncomplex\\nreason that there is more surface of skin than area of scalp.\\nMature is never at a loss in adapting herself to abnormal\\nconditions and occasions. There is no greater self-decep-\\ntion than for a man to conclude that he has good grounds\\nfor claiming to be considered a thinker that is, a thinker\\nin the higher sense of which we are treating simply\\nbecause he is in the habit of dwelling listlessly on the\\nincidents of past history whether personal, national, or", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "354 THE THINKER.\\ncosmopolitan. Fifty years of this kind of reflection would\\nnot of itself suffice to produce one solitary wrinkle; and\\na man fond of sitting on the rocks of the sea-shore and\\nwatching the ceaseless conflict of waves and rock-bound\\ncoast, would have fully as good a title to he regarded as\\na profound geologist, intimately acquainted with the struc-\\nture and composition of the crust of the earth. Neither\\noccupation demands any effort of the mind, and both are\\nequally unproductive of solid results and of wrinkles. The\\nsoi-disant Socrates, and the suppositious sea-side dreamer.\\nare merely participators in an amusement in which a child\\nof tender years can equally as well engage, and in which\\nall three have an equally small chance of fame and\\nfurrows.\\nLife sorrows and troubles of great magnitude are fre-\\nquently found to induce the facial peculiarities of which\\nwe are treating in people who may not have been before\\nsuspected, and may indeed have been entirely innocent\\nof anything even faintly approaching to deep and serious\\nthought. And why? The importance of the crisis with\\nwhich they are confronted is so immediate and so pressing,\\nthat it will not and cannot be dismissed from the presence\\nof the mind, as more diminutive annoyances have hitherto\\nbeen. They stand at bay, and the mental conflict begins\\nand is carried on until some vista of fair weather is worked\\nout in the organization, if that be possible; until, if no\\nbetter may be, a state of calm and patient endurance is\\nreached, or until broken, defeated, crushed in the unequal\\nand unwonted strife, the mind sinks into the dull apathy\\nof despair. But this enforced cudgelling of the brain leaves\\nthe same graven furrows and wrinkles which fall to the\\nlot of the higher order of beings who are mental warriors\\nfrom choice, form, and genius. No more telling instance\\nof this can possibly be found than in the case of Abraham\\nLincoln. The stupendous and, for a time, well-nigh over-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "THE THINKER. 355\\nwhelming difficulties which he had to encounter soon after\\nassuming the Presidentship, had the effect, immediate and\\nalmost perceptible in its progress, of deepening the furrows\\nupon his brow, of graving the wrinkles on his entire face,\\nand inducing that expression of application and depth of\\nthought by which he was distinguished. An ambrotype\\nof Daniel Webster in his old age, which we have in our\\npossession and which is copied for this book, shews indis-\\nputably that he was a Titan among mind workers. His\\nface was then covered with wrinkles, and the attenuated\\nvisage and sunken eye tell a tale too unmistakably of\\nconsecutive years of mental analysis and abstract thinking,\\nfor a beholder to doubt for a moment that supreme\\nPlatonism and profound cogitation resided in the great\\nman, The visual organs of children are prominent, because\\nthey are eager to gaze superficially and unthinkingly at\\nan}* and every object which may arrest their fitful atten-\\ntion. They are delighted with frivolities calculated to\\nenchain their facile powers of wonderment; but the owner\\nof a thoughtful and contemplative mind can be discerned\\nby his slow and measured step. Thoughtlessness and\\nfrivolity caper along with a mind equally unballasted\\nand unchained but the brisk, purposeful step which is\\ndirect, measured, orderly, and staid, stamps the abode of\\ndeep and weighty thought. To the latter the ordinary\\nsubjects of mere worldly concern are unheeded; and if a\\nchance smile (he never laughs) is called up it is regarded as\\na lapse and a waste of time. The jocund laugh and merry\\njest are impossible with him and he sighs in vain for\\npower to engage in these despised pursuits, knowing full\\nwell that it is this unbending that would best refresh the\\nweary mind and jp.ded body. Great thinkers carry their\\nheads in a forward attitude and the head thrown back\\nthat infallible indication of a vacant mind is a posture\\nthat will in them be looked for in vain. In the child we", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "356\\nTHE THINKER.\\nalmost invariably find the eyes eagerly projected from their\\nsockets; but with maturity come cares and anxiety, pro-\\nmoting serious reflection and gradually withdrawing the\\neyes into their coverts. Old age, with its habitual discretion\\nand meditation, next supervenes, and then how sunk the\\neye how wrinkled the withered brow how staid the walk\\nand how ever present are those indications which mark\\ncontemplation and anxious solicitude!\\nDugald Stewart wrote of thinkers, that there are very\\nfew original thinkers in the world, or ever have been;\\nthe greater part of those who are called philosophers have\\nadopted the opinions of some who went before them. 3\\nCicero well understood how man was divine, as the follow-\\ning quotation from his writings will shew. Whatever\\nthat be which thinks, which understands, which wills,\\nwhich acts, it is something celestial and divine, and upon\\nthat account must necessarily be eternal. Byron well\\nillustrated, in brief lines, that storms of thought were\\naroused by mortal anguish Now furrowed o er with\\nwrinkles, plough d by moments, not by }^ears and hours\\nall tortured into ages hours which I outlive.\\nSarah Bernhardt, a distinguished French actress and artist who\\nhas won crowns of success in England, America, and in her native\\ncountry. This portrait shadows forth a subtle, independent, and fertile\\nintellect which knows no master.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. obJ\\nequally to all portions of animality. We find the dog\\nranging over mountains and valleys in rapid succession;\\nconsider how favourably he compares, in the excellence of\\nhis mental capacity, with the sloth, whose range of activity\\nincludes only a few yards per diem.\\nThe fundamental principle, in judging of the human walk,\\nis, that it is simply the result of character the mind is\\nthe motive power, and the walk is the result. Let it be\\nadmitted as a principle, that whatever is produced bears\\nthe indelible stamp of the producer; and then we can easily\\naccount for the fact that every likeness painted by a Ger-\\nman artist from imagination resembles the German face and\\ncharacter. So also is this the case with the Italian, the\\nFrenchman, and the Englishman; each gives his work of\\nimagination the national likeness peculiar to his own\\ncountry.\\nPhilosophically, the legs may be considered as animal\\nimitators of the mind of their master. And as we conclude\\nthat every freeman is, or ought to be, master of his own\\nlegs, then we can easily see how they, in their motions,\\nbespeak the character of the individual to whom they\\nbelong, provided they are in a normal condition. Hence,\\nwe see the quick step produced by the active mind; the\\nslow, dragging step by the stupid and inactive mind; and\\nthe bounding, springing step by the sprightly elastic mind.\\nAnother principle in nature is, that no one can produce\\nnaturally that for which he has not an organization. We\\nfail to judge accurately of a faculty or quality in which we\\nare ourselves deficient. Thus, the natural walk must be\\nin accordance with the organic structure. Hence, men who\\nare tall, generally take long slow steps, and have slow, far-\\nranging minds. As examples of this, we may mention\\nWashington, Lafayette, Lincoln, in America; Walpole, New-\\ncastle, and Castlereagh, of England; Havelock and Lord\\nSligo of India, c, who were all tall, dignified forms, and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "366 THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\nwere remarkable for their slow, measured, and dignified\\nwalk. Short men, true to the principle, have a short step,\\nand generally emploj^ their minds on small insignificant\\nmatters. From this rule should be excepted men with long\\nbodies and short legs. Professor Morse, the inventor of\\nthe electric telegraph, was a very tall, dignified man, with\\na deliberate, long step, slow and dignified, which shadowed\\nforth the result of his far-reaching, inventive mind. He\\nlaunched into seas of undiscovered knowledge, and fields of\\nmore than golden value were discovered by him.\\nIn the common acceptation of the term, a short person\\ncannot be dignified for dignity includes stateliness of manner\\nin connection with height. Nothing that is short, dumpy,\\nor stunted can be looked upon as dignified. The short step\\nand mincing walk bespeak the small mind, as a general\\nrule. The energetic step bespeaks energy of character.\\nThe man who is not formed on the mechanical plan has no\\nskill in judging of mechanism. He who has no colour in\\nhis eye, skin, c, will generally be found to be an inferior\\njudge of colour. Hence, the universal law of nature, that\\nlike appreciates and best judges like, applies equally to all\\ntraits of human character. One in whom centres many\\ncolours, having bright blue or brown eyes and rosy cheeks,\\nwill judge of colours better than one in whom no distinct\\ntints or varied hues appear. This law explains the reason\\nwhy men confined in dark cells for a succession of years\\ncannot discern and judge of colour. Any plant germinating\\nin the dark is colourless, because it has been shut out from\\nthe sun-light. It is well known that the finest art colorists\\nlived and studied in a climate refulgent with sunlight and\\ncolour, such as Italy and Spain; while in Scotland, England,\\nand Ireland, where fogs and murky atmosphere prevail\\nmore than half the year, obscuring the sun s direct rays,\\nwe find more pseudopts than in any other well-tested\\ncivilized country.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 367\\nThe law of nature is, that we can always judge best of\\nany faculty of which we possess most. The man who takes\\nthe longest step has generally the most comprehensive\\nmental range. The plain, easy walk is indicative of an\\nunassuining mind; the plunging or stamping step, an\\nunvarnished mentality. The unstead}^ gait results from\\nunreliability of character; while the light, tripping step\\nbespeaks a playful and hopeful disposition. The mechanic s\\ntread is measured and regular; the speculator s walk is\\nirregular, because he is organized to do things out of the\\nregular routine, and, by fits and starts, seizes the oppor-\\ntunity to make a speculation whenever the chance occurs.\\nAs an interesting instance of indications of the true\\ncharacter in the walk, all of which are palpably apparent\\nto the scientific Physiognomist, it may be stated here,\\nmerely as a fact, that when the author was some years\\nsince delivering a course of lectures at Clinton (Iowa), a\\nyoung man, walking across the lecture-room to test the\\nlecturer s powers to judge, and the science of Physiognomy\\nto point out his character and capacity, elicited from the\\nauthor the decided opinion, that he might become success-\\nful in literary pursuits. The gentleman s name is Mr.\\nBernard Wayde, who adopted the directing opinion of the\\nlecturer, by commencing, within a few weeks after, to write\\nfor the press. So successful has Mr. Wayde been as a\\nliterary man, that he is now (1872), residing in Edinburgh\\nas correspondent and novel-writer for some of the most\\ninfluential journals of New York and other American\\ncities, after having edited four papers, as well as written\\nnumerous plays and novels; several of his plays having been\\ndramatized with remarkable success. Thus does the walk\\nunerringly indicate character.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "WALK OR GAIT.\\nfNDICATIONS OF CHARACTER AS MANIFESTED BY THE PEDES-\\nTRIAN, AMBULATORY, AND PERIPATETIC MOVEMENTS AND\\nATTITUDES OF THE HUMAN BODY IN THE STATE OF LOCO-\\nMOTION.\\nTo the most casual observer it must have occurred that\\nthere are perhaps no two human beings that walk in\\nprecisely the same manner; the gait of every one is as\\npeculiarly his own as his handwriting. Though there are\\nmany who have something similar\\nin their movements and attitudes\\nduring locomotion, and appear to the\\ncursory observer to walk alike yet\\nto the practised eye there are essen-\\ntial points of difference in their\\nperipatetic characteristics. Educa-\\ntion and training, assisted by the\\nmimic inclination of our nature, do\\nmuch to produce styles of walking\\nbut the close observer can detect at\\na glance each person s idiosyncrasy,\\nJjgl and thus can tell, almost certainly,\\nthe physical, mental, and moral\\nA Toddler\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Foolish Mary.* qualities and tendencies of the\\nindividual.\\nIn this article, we intend to classify all varieties of human\\npedestrian, ambulatory, and peripatetic locomotion under\\nThis cut, and the others illustrating this chapter, were copied by per-\\nmission from The Characters of Glasgow, a valuable octavo volume\\npublished by Mr. John Tweed, 11 St. Enoch Square, Glasgow.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 369\\nthe two general heads of Natural and Artificial Peripatetic\\nManifestations of Character\\nI. Natural Gait.\\nBy the natural gait, we mean that mode of walking\\npeculiar to each individual. Let us enumerate a few of\\nthe most usual and well-marked salient characteristics\\nof these, while we specify them under epithets sufficiently\\nexpressive of the pedestrian idiosyncrasy.\\n1. The Toddling Gait. This manner of locomotion is\\nessentially childish, and unmistakably tells you that every\\nattribute of a petty, trifling, finikin character may fairly\\nand unhesitatingly be predicated of the human form that\\ntoddles. If an acquanitance meets it, every expression of\\nchildish pleasure is manifested by the toddler. It cannot\\nrest or stand at ease for a moment, but keeps moving up\\nand down, round and round, and gets so excited that it\\nstops short in the middle of a sentence and toddles off\\nabruptly. Then, when you have smiled the natural bene-\\nficent and compassionate smile of half-pity, half-contempt,\\nand total forgiveness, while turning away, in a moment you\\nhear pitty-patty, toddle, toddle, up behind you, calling out\\nthat it had just forgot to mention that its dear Persian\\ntabby had that morning had three beauties of kittens but,\\npoor little darlings, they were not yet able to frisk so jolly\\nas their mother, the beauty, did when it first received her\\nfrom Lady Mary Frisk. The features almost invariably\\ndeveloped in the toddler are of the small, chubby, childish\\nmould, round, soft, and cheerful; and it maybe remarked\\nthat, in its right-hand pocket, there is generally a store of\\ncomfits or small sweets, one of which is popped into its\\nmouth by way of self-gratulation or reward after encounter-\\ning and so delightfully enchanting an acquaintance, as it\\n2a", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "370\\nTHE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\ndid on the occasion just mentioned. When toddler is of the\\nmasculine gender, it may be remarked that the toes of his\\nshoes are much further out of repair than the heels; that\\nthere are seldom all the buttons on the garments, and that,\\nboth a glove and an umbrella have just been lost, occasion-\\ning the necessity for trying to recollect every place Mr.\\nToddler has been, and thereupon revisiting it. This\\ngenerally terminates its day, but\\nwithout ever recovering the lost\\narticles. In childish grief, and from\\nsheer exhaustion, toddler, with a\\nvexed heart retires to rest, but rises\\nthe next morning to go through a\\nsimilar fruitless round of duty. Mrs.\\nor Miss Toddler acts in a similar\\nmanner, but always displaying in\\nher routine of duty all the coquettish,\\nlittle, childish graces that so admir-\\nably become her sex. It would be\\ncruel to expose or ridicule this darling,\\ncharming, natural, little creature.\\nWe have all seen her and many of\\nher kindred often enough to be suffi-\\nciently well acquainted with her\\ngyrations and winning ways.\\n2. The Striding Gait Who has\\nnot seen the man with the long\\nstriding pace? Always in earnest\\npursuit of some definite object or\\nproject, he strides along with pur-\\npose-like tread until he obtains it, or\\ndefinitely ascertains the reason for\\ndisappointment. Every feature of\\nhis face bespeaks its earnest sympathy with his progressive\\nmeasured gait. Though this style of pedestrian locomotion\\nThe Striding Gait\\nBob Dreghorn.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE. OF CHARACTER. 371\\nis generally seen in persons above the middle height, yec\\nit is frequently met with in those of diminutive stature,\\nThere is, however, mostly this difference the long-paced,\\ntall individual carries the trunk of the body much more\\nerect than the undersized person, and pendulates the arms\\nmore freely and better in keeping with the whole figure;\\nwhile the diminutive strider generally manifests uneasiness\\nand difficulty in managing the arms; sometimes they are\\ncontrolled by hooking the thumbs in .the vest pockets or\\ncleeking them in the arm-holes; but no matter how they\\nare carried, the} 7 seem to be either in the way, or hard to\\nmanage. It somtimes happens, however, that the under-\\nsized strider has abnormally short arms, and then they\\nappear like the short wings of the auk, or the forelegs\\nof the kangaroo, and serve the purpose well in being used\\nas strong levers in raising the body in gymnastic exercises,\\nascending the shrouds on board ships, or in burglaries. It\\nis well-known that this is the prevailing feature in the\\nnotorious burglars of large cities. But, in the other features\\nof the persons peculiar for the striding gait, we may remark\\nthat there is the long, slow, measured, quiet pace in some,\\nwhile others have a quick, impetuous movement, displaying\\nthat push and determination of character that does or is\\nprepared to bear down all opposition to any project that\\nhas been undertaken. It may be remarked that an accom-\\npanying cephalic feature in this character is a broad massive\\nhead, thick, square nose, wide nostrils, and square, massive,\\nprominent chin, compressed medium lips, and eyes either\\nprominent and severe, or sunken with a falcon expression.\\nThe late Dr. Chalmers was of the full-eyed, strong-featured\\ntype; and of the latter, was the famous Dr. Henry Cooke,\\nthe champion of trinitarianism in Ulster. But the reformer,\\nJohn Knox, of Scotland, was perhaps the best example of\\nthis character. Then we must remark that the striding,\\nslow, deliberate pace is accompanied by round, soft facial", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "372 THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\nfeatures, rather loose and flabby, the underlip generally\\nkeeping time with the step, as it is seen to hang loose,\\nthe mouth being almost always slightly open. Though this\\ncharacter is generally successful in the course of a long\\nsteady career in one line of life, yet it is seldom found that\\nany mighty effort is attempted. The impetuous striders are\\ntoo ready as well as eagerly willing to surpass what they\\ncall the slow, jogging stagers. The impetuous rapid strider\\nhas his purpose and goes right ahead to accomplish it,\\nbearing down all obstacles; while the quiet, slow, cautious\\nstrider has also his object before him, but patiently fore-\\nsees the difficulties, and determines to watch and stride\\ncautiously and zig-zag to the end, no matter what dis-\\ncouragement may be thrown across his path. The rapid\\nstrider leaps over or kicks minor hindrances out of his\\ncourse; the slow strider steps over them quietly, and leaves\\nthem there for the next comer. Daniel Webster belonged\\nto the class of the strong and gigantic intellects, and his\\ngait gave token of the great mind within his vigorous\\nform.\\n3. The Lurching Gait Sometimes this manner of walk-\\ning is denominated rolling. It is seen to perfection in\\npeople who are half-seas over, just before the real staggering\\nattempt at progressive motion is commenced. In persons\\nof sober habits, however, the rolling and lurching gait is\\ncharacteristic of innate overweening conceit, if displayed\\nin an impetuous character; while it betokens diffidence and\\nawkwardness in a timid, retiring individual. The rapid\\nroller is marked by strength of purpose and self-reliance,\\nand becomes dictatorial and overbearing among his asso-\\nciates; as a commercial traveller he is almost always\\nsuccessful, and no matter how often foiled in his efforts,\\nhe returns to the charge, and mostly succeeds in carrying\\nhis point Tall, heavy rollers often become bullies, and\\nare found as patrons of the ring, the race-course, and the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 373\\ngambling hell. They are always ready with the word of\\ndefiance, the fist, the shillelah, the revolver, the bowie-\\nknife, or the stilletto, according to the nation to which they\\nbelong. Look the rolling and lurching bully in the face,\\nand you catch his wicked defiant look or stare; see his\\nsquat snout, compressed, puckered lips, broad underface,\\nsquare, broad chin, bull-neck, and short, broad hands, which\\nhe never extends open with the palm upward. When he\\nstands, he naturally poises himself in an attitude of defiance,\\nwith his feet well apart, but not awkwardly, as much as to\\nsay, I m ready, come on. This type of character is\\ncommonest in the midland counties and borderland of\\nEngland and Scotland, the counties of Mayo, Gal way, and\\nTipperary,. in Ireland, and the Kaffirs of Africa. The\\nNormans and Norsemen were the most distinguished foi\\nthis phase of character during the middle ages. But let\\nus look for a moment at the timid lurching character. He\\nis slow in his movements, and the uncertain straight-toed\\nalternate motion of his feet, with a half-kneeling expression\\nof his legs, while he sways timidly from side to side, like\\na ship with rigging too heavy and without ballast. His\\nlook is generally shy, his eye having a distrustful, half-\\naverted expression. This character is so seldom good foi\\nanything but the lowest drudgery, he is mostly found\\namong the basest and most degraded in the back slums of\\nlarge towns and cities, through which he may be often\\nmet prowling about, intent upon some favourite vicious\\ngratification, or nefarious project.\\n4. The Sweeping or Mowing Gait. This well-marked\\nand pronounced mode of peripatetic progression is much\\nmore easily observed in women than in men. This\\nsimply arises from the flowing nature of the female\\ncostume, which receives the vibratory motion from the\\nbody, and gives marked and palpable indication of it in\\nits sweeping pendulation in a room or on the street. But", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "374\\nTHE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\nit is nevertheless equally observable in the opposite sex\\nwheu watched carefully. In the male animal, the right-to-\\nleft and left-to-right sweep\\nat every step, is almost\\nalways in conjunction with\\na peculiar wriggle perpendi-\\ncular of the whole body\\nfrom head to foot. The effect\\nof this double vibration and\\ncontortion of the whole body\\ninstantly impresses the ob-\\nserver with the true cause of\\nthe outward manifestations\\nan intense self-conceit and\\noverweening persuasion of su-\\nperior knowledge and abilit} 7\\nThe immense variety of coun-\\ntenance accompanying this\\ncorporeal expression of char-\\nacter would occupy too much\\nspace in describing; but the\\nmost prominent visual pecu-\\nliarities may be stated, as a\\nnarrow head, low forehead,\\neyes in close proximity, irregular nose tending to a thin\\nupper half, long upper lip, pouting mouth, curling lip,\\nand flabby cheeks, conveying, on the whole, an utter\\nwant of sympathy, which is generally well borne out by\\nthe almost invariable sausage fingers of the hand that\\nnever gives a kindly grasp. Morally, this character is a\\nhypocrite, and generally may be found among those accused\\nof false pretences. This gait radically indicates vacillation,\\nuntrustworthiness.\\n5. The Firm Gait. This is found only in strong charac-\\nters, whether physical, moral, or religious. It at once\\nThe Sweeping gait. Blind Alick.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 375\\nindicates strength, and bespeaks the confidence, dread, or\\nveneration of the beholder, in accordance with the accom-\\npanying characteristics of the countenance. The whole\\nstructure of the person whose walk is firm, manifests com-\\npactness, solidity, and stability. He is staunch in every\\nsense, and in all his intercourse there is a reliable and\\nunshaken steadiness and resolute constancy upon which\\nthe sheerest stranger seems to place implicit reliance.\\nThen, the strong, firm tread and gait of one who inspires\\ndread is associated with a stern countenance, lack of sym-\\npathy with others, and devotion to self-indulgence. This\\ncharacter may be easily known by his sturdy tread, often\\nlight, but as certain as a bull s- eye shot his low forehead,\\nsnub-nose, hanging jaws, pig s throat, broad chest, well-\\ndeveloped lumbar regions, full, beautifully-proportioned\\nlower limbs, and well-arched foot, which all bespeak the\\ncharacter to awe the timid beholder. This is the physical,\\nwithout either moral or spiritual restraint. Now, look at\\nthe historical examples of this. The most remarkable, well-\\nauthenticated instance we have in ancient times, is that\\nof Agamemnon, king of men, whose tread was firm, but\\nlike music; whose heart was stern as Charon, the ferryman\\nof Hades, and whose word was law to all the besiegers of\\nTroy. In recent modern times, we shall only mention the\\nEmperor Napoleon the Great, whose step and build are so\\nwell-known that they require only to be mentioned to\\nrecall their peculiar characteristics. His whole frame was\\nso firm and well knit together, that it moved in perfect\\nharmony; but the secrecy and feline trait of his nature so\\nmuch affected all his movements, that his step was as sure\\nand silent as the tiger s, and hence his spring and onset\\nwas as sudden and terrible. He is the best example of\\nhuman physical firmness of gait, bespeaking stern firmness\\nof command. All his features and build indicate these\\nqualities in a pre-eminent degree. Below the middle height,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "376 THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\nbut massive in all parts of his body, he shewed strength at\\nall points. His head was large, broad, and square; the deep,\\nvertical furrows in the forehead, between the brows, indi-\\ncating intense concentration: the deep eyes, aquiline nose,\\ncompressed lips, and prominent chin, all, in harmony with\\nthe other firm features of the frame, manifested in an extra-\\nordinary degree the pre-eminently stern, inexorably firm\\ncharacter. These two great generals, with whom we might\\ninclude Wellington, the conqueror of the latter, are suffi-\\nciently well-marked and amply authenticated characters\\nto fix the truth of our observations on mere physical\\nfirmness. As examples of moral and religious firmness,\\nwe mention only a few remarkable names whose gait and\\nconcomitant features have been so well authenticated, that\\ntheir names will recall their distinctive characteristics,\\nespecially if assisted by good likenesses or statues. Julius\\nCsesar, Brutus, Gregory VII. (Pope), Luther, Knox (of Scot-\\nland), Elizabeth of England, and Cecil her Minister, the pre-\\nsent Emperor of Germany and his Minister, Prince Bismarck;\\nall these went steadily and directly to the point.\\n6. The Shuffling and Shambling Gait This mode of\\nperipatetic locomotion is indicative of everything that is\\ndegraded, low, and vile in character, as well as imperfect\\nand infirm in physical conformation. To some it is natural\\nfrom birth, as the offspring of those whose physical defects\\nand infirmities are perpetuated in their persons. Watch\\nthe shuffler physical, as he trawls his broad, flat, nether\\nextremities along the street or floor. Every movement\\nis a slovenly effort to progress but the trail in the mud,\\nor dust, or sand, shews the slovenly snail-like attempt at\\nprogress. All his habits, dress, and features are in keeping\\nwith these attempts at pedestrianism. His habits are\\nslovenly universally; hair untrimmed and unkempt; f\u00c2\u00ab,ce\\nsmeared, and eyes bleared and blinking; all his garments\\nfrom the throat downward bespattered with the particles", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 377\\nof whatever he has attempted to put into his mouth for\\nmonths past, perhaps, or sprinkled with snuff or tobacco-\\nnized saliva. Then look at the shoes or foot-coffins in\\nwhich his flat substitutes for feet are rolling and lurching\\nabout. They are off at one side, ripped in the soles, full\\nof side chinks, and ever ready to admit the slush of the\\nstreet to cool the neglected bunions that sorely torment\\nthe toes, though the pain, however acute, scarcely ever\\nrouses the forlorn shuffler to attempt a cure, no matter\\nhow simple. Then glance for a moment at the cut of\\nthe outer garments. The coat is always too wide, too\\nlong, and has the cuffs nearly to the tips of the filthy\\nfingers, which have perhaps never made the acquaintance\\nof a glove. The vest wants a button or two, and is seldom\\nwith the proper button in the opposite hole. Now look at\\nthe trousers or pantaloons, always at least two inches too\\nlong, and ever moist about the ankles, thus beautifully in\\nharmony and keeping with the shoes. Is it now necessary\\nto pollute our eyes by looking into the facial points that\\nso logically accompany all these? Yes, look but for a\\nmoment and mark the striking consistency. The brows\\nare elevated and un thoughtful, the eyes bleared and sleepy,\\nthe cheeks puffed with gross fat, the nose misshapen and\\nmoist, the lips without expression, and mostly as far apart\\nas may be without effort. The expression of the whole is\\ndisgusting in the extreme, and bespeaks no more in the\\nuneducated than the first remove from the brute. But it\\nmust not be forgotten that there are shufflers who have\\nmuch cunning, and often manage to amass wealth. One\\nof these died, not long since, in London, leaving \u00c2\u00a34,000,000\\nto his heirs, after cunningly shuffling and cheating for sixty\\nyears.\\n7 The Parallelopedic or Intoed Gait This characteristic\\nof pedal progression almost invariably indicates closeness\\nand meanness as well as penurious stinginess of character,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "378 THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\nIt is often accompanied with a lurching, hobbling, painfu\\ncarriage of the body, indicative of being ill at ease, with\\na pinched, miserable expression of countenance. It alsc\\nindicates stealthiness and low cunning. The feline species\\nof every kind put down the foot in this manner; but the\\nIndians of North America not only walk with the feet\\nparallel, but put down the one foot straight before the\\nother, in line; and they are notorious for their cunning and\\ntreachery in every sense. The features that mostly accom-\\npany this gait are sharp and unattractive. In all dealings\\nor transactions with those whose locomotive pedestrian\\nhabit is intoed, every one should be warily on his guard.\\nIt was observed that when two solicitors, equally deformed\\nin this manner, happened to be engaged on opposite sides\\nin a chancery suit in London, the game of finesse was so\\nwell kept up by the raising of new points, of nice difficulties,\\nthat the estate, though large, was completely exhausted\\nbefore the suit was half completed.\\n8. Splay-footed Gait. Though this is a completely or dia-\\nmetrically opposite abnormity to No. 7. yet it indicates\\nmany similar traits of character. This mostly arises from\\nthe fact that intoed deformity generally originates in the\\nlegs being caliper-shaped, while the splay-footed is caused\\nby the knees being too affectionate towards each other.\\nStill there are several traits of character peculiar to the\\nlatter gait. In the splay-footed, it is almost universally\\nfound that the character of the shambling shuffler prevails,\\nwith an ill-disguised dash of the feline cunning. Indeed,\\nmost of the characteristics of the knock-kneed and splay-\\nfooted may be found in the description once given of four\\nsuch characters, who resided in Dublin, by a waggish\\nfriend of theirs, that they were sagacious, silly fools.\\nAnomalous characters.\\n9. The Plunging Gait This is not an infrequent mode\\nof progressing. The distinctive feature of the plunger is", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 379\\na looseness of the knee-joint, which gives the walk the\\nappearance of a succession of curtsies, but with the painful\\nappearance of being at every step almost precipitated on\\nthe head. The form of those so affected is quite in accord-\\nance with the up and down or undulatory appearance of\\nthe walk. Alternately you will find them in high spirits,\\nfull of hope and jubilant; again in deep depression, soon\\nto rise into the opposite extreme. Hence the life of the\\nplunger is one of fear and dread, hope and joy. His\\ncountenance most truthfully indicates this. Amid deep\\nlines of sorrow and foreboding, may easily be perceived\\nthe laughing wrinkles round the eyes, and the traces of\\nthe cheerful smile that often plays around the mouth, and\\nsets the chin so cheerily in harmony with the mobile\\nlips. Almost in every instance the plunger will be found\\npossessed of warm affection, but subject to deep depression\\non any want of affectionate reciprocation of the loving\\nemotions.\\n10. The Fatuous Gait This kind of walk is so apparent\\nto the most careless observer that it only requires to be\\npointed out or mentioned to be recognized and understood.\\nThe gait of the imbecile may be observed in any large\\ncommunity, from the partially weak-minded to the drivel-\\nling idiot. In proportion to the stage of weakness of\\nintellect, the walk is unsteady and paralyzed, until it\\nbecomes as nearly as possible like the balancing gait of a\\ndrunkard, but retaining impetuosity of motion.\\nMinor varieties of natural peripatetic locomotion might\\nbe easily enumerated, but enough has been said to stimu-\\nlate the intelligent observer to analyze the peculiar pedes-\\ntrian characteristics of almost any human biped that may\\ncross his path, or strut before him.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "380\\nTHE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\nII. Artificial Gait.\\nBy artificial gait we mean that mode of walking inci-\\ndental to every profession, trade, or calling, as well as\\nthat taught by posture and calisthenic masters and\\nmistresses, as preparations for the drawing and ball-room.\\nAs the artificial walk, saunter, and strut are so varied,\\nand, in almost every in-\\nstance, acquired with the\\nintention of concealing the\\nnatural mode of pedestrian\\nlocomotion, we shall not\\nattempt more here than\\nthe pointing out of a few\\nof the more prominent\\nartificial styles of walking.\\nTake, then, the professional\\nstyles first.\\n1. The Military Gait.\\nOn close observation, one\\nmay, without much diffi-\\nculty, perceive that, from\\nthe field-marshal in every\\nrank of the army, down to\\nthe raw recruit, there is\\na style peculiar to each.\\nThe best mode of getting an\\naccurate idea of the differ-\\nence between a recruit and\\na trained veteran is to watch\\nthe drill, or the march past,\\non a review day. Then\\nThe Military Gait. Captain Paton, L\\nJ mark in the one the lrre-\\nof Glasgow.\\ngular dubious step, while\\nin the other, every man seems to be so completely trained", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 381\\nthat he simply might be looked upon as a nicely-adjusted\\npart of a very smoothly working machine. This perfect\\ndrill and training gets at length so much into the\\nnature, that the old soldier, when walking alone, steps\\nwith as much precision and accuracy, as he would on\\nthe parade-ground or on the march. Habit has become\\nso thoroughly a second nature that, except from the\\nscarcely now natural features, and the forms and powers,\\none could scarcely tell the real character. Next, we have\\nin the sergeant, sergeant-major, lieutenant, captain, adjutant,\\nmajor, and so on, still rising in rank, the indubitable char-\\nacteristics of office naturally stamped upon the man by the\\nexigencies of his office. But, in all, the military strut and\\ntread betrays the soldier and the rank. To the officers,\\nboth subordinate and general, the same remarks apply,\\nbut these have their peculiar and distinctive airs and\\nstruts of importance, until we come up to the colonel,\\nthe general, the marshal, and the commander-in-chief. To\\nsee these higher ranks to perfection, they must be observed\\nin the promenade and the ball-room. The general rule to\\nobserve, in judging of them here, is that the more strutting,\\nand lofty-looking, and supercilious bearing they manifest\\namong civilians, the less noble and elevated is their char-\\nacter in all the nobler attributes of mankind.\\n2. The Clerical Gait This style (or want of style) is\\nso varied by denominationality and conventionality that\\nwe must merely point out the leading characteristics of\\na few of the principal churches as manifested in the gait\\nof the clergy. The English established churchman, of\\nevery grade, carries himself with a degree of importance\\nand superiority on all occasions of intercourse with the\\nclergy of other denominations. In general he may be at\\nonce known by his attire, and the self-important air and\\ntone of dictation he assumes, though we must do him the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "382 THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\njustice to say that, in sleek, soft, bland insinuation, and\\nsanctimoniousness he is far surpassed by many of the\\nclerg}^ of the dissenting denominations. In their disguises\\nat the theatres, racecourses, and fox-hunts, is the best\\ntime to observe their peculiar attitudes and gait. The\\nlower limbs are generally, in comparison, weak; and in\\nwalking, run parallel from the knees to the heels, keeping\\nthe feet almost parallel. This habit is contracted in the\\nconstant genuflections necessarily gone through in the\\nreading of the church service, and during the visiting of\\nthe sick, in their probationary curacies. Also, it should\\nbe noted that, from habit, when they wax earnest in con-\\nversation they involuntarily use their pulpit attitudes, and\\nat the end of an animated sentence, settle their gown and\\nimaginary bands, clasping their hands in the attitude of\\nprayer. The Scotch churchman is equally important, in\\nhis own way, as the English; but his modes of worship\\ngive him a much more free and easy manner, though he\\nwishes it to be known and felt that he is a superior being,\\never since the hands of the presbytery were put upon his\\nhead. In his gait he slightly resembles the Episcopalian,\\nbut the legs and knees are not so nearly in the supplicatory\\nattitude. This arises from the fact that the Scot is in\\nthe habit of standing and praying extempore. Among\\ndissenters, we may take under the same head the Methodist\\nand the Baptist preacher. These are so much alike in\\ngait that it takes a keen eye and much experience to\\ndiscriminate the one from the other. They both have the\\nsleek, solicitous, bland how-is-your-soul and where-is-your-\\nmoney look. Still there is in the Methodist parson rather\\nmore of an independent look and manner. The Roman\\nCatholic may be known, all the world over, as soon as\\nhe walks and pendulates his arms, especially if he has\\nbeen much on duty. T!he expression of the genuflecting", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 383\\nnether limbs, and the wave of the hand in the gesture\\nof consecrating the elements, are never got rid of by the\\nRoman ecclesiastic.\\n3. The Legal Gait. Like the clerical, this is so much\\ndependent upon the branch of the legal profession to which\\nthe individual belongs, that we must confine ourselves to\\nthe general characteristics of the walk. The face and\\nattitudes of the hands far more plainly indicate the profes-\\nsional physiognomical traits than the walk. In every\\nbranch of the profession, however, the sly, cautious, stealthy,\\nhesitating, parallel-footed gait prevails, and need never be\\nmistaken after a few careful observations. In all countries\\nthe man of law who has devoted his life to it, has these\\ndistinctive traits.\\n4. The Medical Gait The medical man, who has been\\nsome time in practice, becomes cautious and quiet in his\\nmovements, so that he seems almost always to feel as if\\nhe were entering the sick room, where silence and reticence\\nare necessary for the safety of his patient. Hence he\\nlearns to tread lightly, and contracts the ha,bit of putting\\ndown his feet nearly parallel and stealthily like a cat.\\nAlmost invariably when he stands his feet are almost close\\ntogether and parallel, his head slightly bent forward, and\\nhis hands in his pockets. When suddenly roused he\\ninvariably pulls out his watch. This is sheer habit.\\n5. The Mechanical Gait. Almost every mechanical\\noccupation impresses its character upon the operative.\\nThe sawyer, smith, cobbler, and all those employed in\\nmechanical operations of a regular, measured, motive nature,\\nwill walk with a steady, measured step, and pendulate\\ntheir arms in the same manner so impressed has his\\nnature become with the regularity of the mechanical\\nmotion with which he has been associated. This character\\nis generally able to rise at any hour he wishes, so accurate\\nhas he become in time, which is only another name fot", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "384\\nTHE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\nmotion. Ask him the hour, and at any time he will answer\\nyou at once, and seldom make a mistake of more than five\\nor ten minutes. The famous self-made engineer, George\\nStephenson, of Killingworth, was always so sure of the\\ntime that he would boldly assert that such and such a\\nclock or watch was wrong when it differed from him. And\\nnot infrequently was ho put to the test by his fellow-\\nworkmen. In after life, when\\nhe became a great engineer\\nnd very prosperous, he was\\nasked by a brother work-\\nman, who had also risen in\\nlife, why he wore a gold watch,\\nand he replied, I m regulating\\nit. Tailors are easily known\\nby their gait. The knee, in\\ntheir case, becomes braced\\nfrom their peculiar manner of\\nsitting, and the bent form of\\nthe leg from the knee to the\\nankle gives, with the fixity or\\nstiffness of the knee, a short,\\nlight, out-toe step, so charac-\\nteristic that it can never be\\nmistaken. Should any doubt\\nf on this point arise, the fact\\nwill at once be settled by look-\\ning at the hands. Every finger\\nThe Mechanical Gait\u00e2\u0080\u0094 David Dale, has taken its Set expression\\na goo man. from the peculiarity of the\\nmanner in which it is constantly used. The left hand\\nshould also be observed, as its expression is quite different\\nfrom that of the right, especially in the lower, or nail joint\\nof the thumb, which is bent in the manner it is accustomed\\nto hold the seam while the right hand stitches. It is", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER. 383\\nneedless to pursue this further than to direct attention to\\nthe expression given to the under lip by the pulling down\\nof part of it by the thread, while the tailor bites the end\\nwith his teeth. Equally easy is the selecting of the cobbler\\nfrom the crowd. Observe his mode of working. His knees\\nclose together, with feet slightly apart, and resting on the\\ninner side his head habitually bent downwards his arms\\nmuscular and well-developed the thumb of the right hand\\nin the act of holding the awl and piercing, so different from\\nthe left, which has acquired the habit of keeping the thumb\\nclosely applied to the forefinger in the act of inserting and\\nextracting the bristle at the extremity of the end. But\\nwe have double confirmation of these mechanical habits, if\\nwe are allowed to witness both the tailor and the cobbler\\nin animated conversation. The tailor performs all his\\ngesticulation with the right arm, and that in a most charac-\\nteristic manner, by drawing out that limb at the end of an\\nimpassioned sentence, just as he would give a long sharp\\npull to his newly threaded needle when he has forgot to put\\na knot on his new thread. But this is not all: the left\\nhand is all the while performing its peculiar function, by\\ndamping its forefinger on the tongue and under lip, and\\nquietly rolling an imaginary thread between the thumb and\\nfinger. In the case of the cobbler, both arms come into\\nplay in a state of animated speaking but watch well the\\nperoration period, and then you see the gesture in perfec-\\ntion, when the hands are stretched out, closely touching\\neach other, with the palms upward, and then as the period\\nis completed, the arms are swept backwards with energy,\\njust as in the act of drawing the ends through the seam,\\nending in the backward sweep with the palms downward,\\nbut with fists energetically clenched. The blacksmith, in\\nanimated conversation, becomes equally characteristic. In\\nhis case the right arm is sure to assume the motions of the\\nsledge-hammer, while the left is as sure to take the\\n2b", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "386 THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\nvibratory motion of turning the red-hot bar on the\\nimaginary anvil.\\nClose observation will soon enable any one who has the\\ntaste, and possesses the talent to tell, almost at a glance, the\\npeculiar occupation of almost any one. This kind of know-\\nledge is often very useful, and saves one from the uneasy\\nfeeling, often experienced, of being compelled to say, Well,\\nthere s something odd about that man s manner, I wonder\\nwhat it is. The best school for this study is found in\\nattending tradesmen s meetings, and the preaching and\\nhortatory services conducted by local-preaching or peri-\\npatetic tradesmen orators.\\n6. The Tradesman Gait. This contains or comprehends\\nthe peculiarity of walk necessarily arising from the habits\\nof locomotion acquired or necessarily resulting from every\\nkind of shopkeeping or trading. There is scarcely any\\nmere peculiarity of walk that can be spoken of as distinc-\\ntive marks of these trades. But in the ever restlessness of\\nbody and constant change of position, even when there is no\\nobject in such movements, we can at once detect the trader\\nof some kind. If allowed, however, to take into account\\nthe movements of the hands, we can in numerous instances\\ndetect the nature of the trade. For instance, those engaged\\nin retail occupations, such as employs them in tying up\\nsmall parcels, are almost invariably, in unguarded moments,\\nworking with their fingers as in the act of putting up the\\nparcel and tying the cord. Others again, in the soft goods\\nor cloth trade acquire the habit of spreading out, and\\nmeasuring, and folding up goods. Apothecaries can scarcely\\never become animated in conversation without coining to\\nthe inward circular motion of the pestle-in-mortar. Book-\\nsellers invariably put down any dry article just as they\\npresent a book on their counter, placing it on the open\\nedges with the back up.\\nWithout pursuing this matter further, we may just remark", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "THE WALK AS INDICATIVE OF CHARACTER.\\n387\\nthat we have not attempted to exhaust the subject of the\\nlanguage of pedestrian and peripatetic locomotion; but\\nmerely pointed out enough to arouse the attention of the\\nreader to interest himself in this most useful protective\\nscience.\\nJeptha R. Simms, uncle of the author of this book, wrote several\\nlarge volumes, but the crowning work of his historical efforts was The\\nFrontiersmen, in two volumes of 700 pages each, published in 1883 he\\nexpired in the ensuing autumn in his 76th year. His widow, with whom\\nhe lived upwards of 50 years, witnessed after his death, that he never\\ngave her an unkind word.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "SALUTATION.\\nNo idiosyncrasy of character is more important than the\\nmanner of salutation. As is the salutation, so is the total\\nof the character. In nothing do we lay ourselves so open\\nas in our manner of meeting and saluting. In the various\\nmodes of salutation, every attitude of the body, as well\\nas the wonderful variety of ocular and facial expression\\nplay most important parts. Let us consider some of the\\nnumerous modes of salutation that have become common\\nin various countries of long standing and cultivated\\nmanners.\\nOf all the different modes of salutation in various coun-\\ntries, there is none more graceful than that which prevails\\nin Syria. Here the hand is raised with a quick but\\ngentle motion to the heart, to the lips, and to the forehead,\\nto intimate that the person saluting is willing to serve\\nyou, to think for you, to speak for you, and to act for you.\\nIn New Guinea, the fashion is certainly picturesque; for\\nthey place upon their hands the leaves of trees as symbols\\nof peace and friendship. An Ethopian takes the robe of\\nanother and ties it about his own waist, leaving his friend\\npartially naked. In a cold climate this would not be very\\nagreeable, not to speak of the loss of time it implies.\\nSometimes it is usual for persons to adopt the unseemly\\npractice of presenting themselves naked before those whom\\ntiiey salute, as a sign of humility. This custom was put", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "SALUTATION. 389\\nin practice before Sir Joseph Banks, when he received the\\nvisit of two Otaheitan females. The inhabitants of the\\nPhilippine Islands take the hand or foot of the person they\\nsalute, and gently rub their faces with it, which is, at all\\nevents, more agreeable than the salute of the Laplanders,\\nwho have a habit of rubbing noses, applying their own\\nproboscis with some degree of force to that of the person\\nthey desire to salute. This custom had its origin, no doubt,\\nin the feeling of comfort that the Laplander feels in the\\nfriction of the nose as a restorative of the warmth neces-\\nsary to prevent the nasal organ from freezing. In Arabia,\\nand all Mohammedan countries, inferiors in rank always\\nkiss, or attempt to kiss the hand of a superior; equals\\nembrace each other by putting cheek to cheek, as their\\nthoroughbred horses do. In addressing their fellow-mus-\\nsulmans, they use the common Eastern salutation, Es-\\nsald m Aleikum which simply means, God save you,\\nor, Peace from Allah Hence the Mohammedans dislike\\nto use this salutation to Christians and the Christians\\ndislike it, as being a recognition of the faith of Mahomet.\\nIn formal visits among them, a good deal of etiquette is\\nobserved all over the Islam countries. Subjects are not\\nallowed to sit in the presence of the Imam or Sultan. The\\nhigher classes sit cross-legged, like our tailors, while\\nreceiving company, and the inferiors sit upon their heels\\nduring an audience. In Christian countries the ordinary\\nmodes of salutation are bowing, curtsying, raising the\\nhat, kissing the hand, and shaking hands. The passing\\nsalute of gentlemen on the continent of Europe, is the\\nraising of the hat; of gentlemen meeting ladies of their\\nacquaintance, to bow and then raise the hat; but if inti-\\nmate, and stopping to speak with the lady, the bow, the\\nraising of the hat, and then the shaking hands, or defer-\\nentially stooping and kissing the hand of the lady in an\\neasy, gentle, graceful manner, scarcely touching it with the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "390 SALUTATION\\nlips. The graceful bend of the gentleman s body is the\\nchief thing to be studied. In England and her dependen-\\ncies, the hand-kissing is not adopted except on very\\nimportant ceremonial occasions, such as presentations to\\nHer Majesty on levee and drawing-room days, and giving\\naudiences, or making important crown appointments to\\noffice. The universal salute, however, adopted in all the\\nmost highly civilized Christian countries, is the shake\\nhands. On this universal mode of salutation and adieu,\\nwe purpose here to make some observations, especially\\nrespecting its almost unmistakable test of character.\\nAlmost every shade of friendly feeling is expressed by\\nthe shaking of hands. Let it be carefully kept in mind,\\nhowever, that the shake-hands, on meeting a friend or an\\nacquaintance, is the truer test of permanent character than\\nthe good-by shake. It is quite natural that the adieu-\\ngrasp of the hand should be affected by the conversation\\nor words of greeting, and will vary in warmth and hearti-\\nness with the elevation or depression of the feelings during\\nthe interview.\\nThis friendly custom must have commenced at a very\\nearly period of our history, but we have no hint in Scripture\\nthat this mode of salutation was practised in patriarchal\\nor Christian times in the east. The earliest notices of\\nsuch practice are found about the time of the second Crusade\\n(a.d. 1144). The customs of salutation in patriarchal\\ntimes were, bowing low, prostration, and kissing. The\\nintroduction of coats-of-mail armour rendered these primi-\\ntive modes of salutation impossible. Hence the martial\\nmen adopted the plan of touching hands as a token of\\ngood will; and thus tbe touching or shaking hands became\\ngeneral; for the manners of military men have ever been\\nconsidered models. The performance of this act of\\ncourtesy and good-will ought to engage the special\\nattention of every one who wishes to please, as well", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "SALUTATION. 391\\nas to comprehend the characters of those with whom he\\ncomes in contact.\\nIt ought to be always kept in mind that while in the act\\nof shaking hands one should look into the face of the\\nperson whose hand is grasped, were it but for a moment\\nThere is much delicacy of feeling expressed in the manner\\nof grasping the hand. The thumb should be gently but\\nfirmly pressed upon the back of the hand you grasp for a\\nmoment only, if the meeting is casual; but after long\\nabsence, and in proportion to the former feeling and inti-\\nmacy, the hand may be held for a proportionate length of\\ntime, and relinquished after a second delicate and meaning\\npressure.\\nThe varieties of shaking hands, the peculiarities of clasp\\ning the hands; the expression of the eyes; the amotion or\\ntoss of the head the inclination of the body, all tell a tale\\nof character on the one hand, and respect for others on the\\nother side of the clasped hands.\\nOne man gives you a warm, cordial, hearty grasp, looks\\nyou straight in the face, with a pleasant, open smile, and\\nshakes your hand up and down, withdrawing his after a\\nsecond earnest gentle pressure. With scarcely an excep-\\ntion you will find such a man an honest, earnest, and true\\nfriend. On the contrary, the man who gives the wagging,\\nhorizontal, millhopper shake, and lets slip your hand as if\\nit were soapy or oily, will almost certainly be found selfish,\\ncunning, and deceitful, ready to sell you the moment he\\ncan realize a dollar by the transaction. He will certainly\\nprove an idle, selfish, and shiftless person. Be warned to\\nhave no dealings or intercourse with persons of this stamp.\\nSooner or later you will repent, should you fall into the\\nsnare. Now you encounter the speculator, or man of\\nvarious occupations, sometimes requiring sudden and irre-\\ngular attention. His shake-hands is hurried, indicating\\nenergy, haste, hurry, and the necessity for rapid decisioo", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "392 SALUTATION.\\nin pursuit of his selfish aims. The speculator-shake may\\nbe further characterized by the perpendicular or the wag-\\nging shake, which will of course modify your estimate of\\nthe trust to be reposed in him. A quick shake or wag\\nand sudden letting go the hand indicate a high temper and\\ncold heart. Then, again, there are those who give the\\nunmeaning touch, in a very lack-a-daisical manner, and\\nnever look you in the face. This is generally the charac-\\nteristic shake of the fair-weather acquaintances, the casual\\nfriend loose fish, as the Cockney calls them. As long as\\nyou sport a diamond or ruby ring, gold watch and chain,\\nor have your shell made by the court tailor, and can shew\\na good balance at your banker s they will associate with\\nyou in a snobbish, friendly manner; but let reverses come,\\nand then you test the swells of the unmeaning, namby-\\npamby touch and horizontal wag.\\nWant of self-confidence is mostly the cause of the timid,\\ndiffident hand salutation of the youthful maiden. Let\\nyour similar salute to such be courteous, frank, and kindly\\nimpressive, with that degree of freedom that will inspire\\ntrust and respect, but not so off-hand as to excite fear or\\nmistrust. Such persons, in the middle and lower classes of\\nsociety, rather like and admire an easy, jolly, outspoken\\nman, provided always, that in all his free and easy salute\\nand address there is the transparent expression of respect\\nand esteem for the diffident maiden. Reserve and shyness\\nis at a discount before their counter. It is, as they feel\\nalready, the article with which they are overstocked. A\\nprudish shake evinces affectation in a repulsive degree. All\\npersons of honest intentions and noble good- will thoroughly\\ndetest affectation, and never, by any chance, attempt it. It\\nis a gratuitous intimation that those who assume the\\naffected manner are willing to be liable to be taken for what\\nthey really are worthless, transparent hypocrites. When\\nthrown into their society, one should cast off all restraint.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "SAI CITATION. 393\\nand assume a free and easy manner, and not deign to\\nnotice their affectation, but by every means plainly shew\\nthat you are incapable of catching the infection from them.\\nEemember that affectation is the lowest recommendation\\nyou could carry into good society. You may just as well\\ntake plated dollars to the Treasury. Both are spurious\\ncoin, and alike suspicious as a circulating medium. Neither\\nof them has the ring of the genuine character. No doubt,\\nyou have often heard of the luckless servant girl who was\\nasked about her character, and naively answered, that she\\nalways carried it in her pocket.\\nAnother and very common kind of person you may\\noften meet, who, seeing you hold out your hand, also, by\\nway of imitation holds out his, but with no other intention\\nthan that you should, if you choose, lay hold of the four\\nloose fingers and either squeeze or let them drop, as you\\nplease. Just as there is no meaning or expression in his\\ndigital salute, neither is there character in the man. If you\\ndo, by way of experiment, give his limb a shake while you\\nhold on by the four meaningless daddies, you have about\\nthe same sympathetic pleasure that may be experienced\\nin shaking a dish cloth. Instinctively 3-011 conclude, even\\nbefore the operation is over, no matter how brief, that he or\\nshe has no distinctive character. By way of refreshing\\ncontrast, let us think how delightfully inspiriting it is to\\nexperience the warm, hearty, cordial grasp of a true friend\\nwhose whole soul is, for the moment, in his hand and eye;\\nhe is sure, in his hearty and honest earnestness, to retain\\nyour hand for a second squeeze and additional wag. This\\nclass of shake is found to accompany true friendship as fully\\ndivested of selfishness as it is possible to expect. When\\nyou meet such natures, court their friendship and render\\nyourself worthy of their confidence.\\nWhen men grasp your hand and look away from you,\\ntheir regard for you is so trifling that you had better leaver", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "394 SALUTATION.\\na blank leaf in your diary than write all you know ot\\nmight learn of their true character. Could you only see\\ntheir hearts you might perceive that significant little motto\\nself indelibly stamped all over that vital organ.\\nThose who keep the arm or elbow close to the side while\\nshaking hands, may be found to add deference to the expres-\\nsion of friendly regard, while reserve characterizes every\\nfeeling, and freezes the stream that otherwise might gush\\nfrom their timid, uncertain, cautious souls.\\nLow bowing, while in the act of shaking hands, or while\\napproaching to do so, if done naturally, indicates respect-\\nful deference. But observe that the hand is not worth\\ngrasping, when the tips of the fingers only are offered in\\nsalutation.\\nIn shaking hands, until recently, when thin, tight, kid\\ngloves became the thing in common wear by gentlemen, as\\nwell as ladies, it was the fashion to pull off the glove, even\\nin the street, before shaking hands, or to apologize for\\nretaining it on the hand. This having become so awkward\\non suddenly meeting a friend, it has become now almost\\nobsolete.\\nThe giving one finger in shaking hands is not to be\\ntolerated in well-bred society, unless the hand is deformed\\nor has been wounded, so that pressure might prove injurious.\\nShould such rudeness be offered you, the best and quietest\\nmanner of reproving it is to present your own corresponding\\nfinger, but without touching the proffered unidigit.\\nFinally, let the whole hand, cordially extended, with the\\nthumb upwards, give a firm, whole-souled, cheering, and\\nfriendly, expressive token of your inner feelings of love,\\ngratitude, and sympathy towards a noble and generous\\nbeing who has been formed in the image of the Creator.\\nBut avoid affectation as a greater enemy to the countenance\\nthan small-pox. This, with strained allusions and disgust-\\ning finery, are easily attained by those who are mean", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "SALUTATION. 395\\nenough to wear them; they are but too frequently the\\nbadges of ignorance or of stupidity, whenever it would\\nendeavour to please. Everybody knows that vanity and\\naffectation are mother and daughter. Vanity is the sin,\\nand affectation the punishment. Vanity is only fully\\ndeveloped when it blows into affectation, and then it is\\ncomplete. Locke, the philosopher, says Affectation in\\nany part of our carriage is lighting up a candle to our\\ndefects, and never fails to be taken notice of, either as\\nwanting sense or wanting sincerity.\\nIn man or woman, but far most in man,\\nAnd most of all in man that ministers\\nAnd serves the altar, in my soul I loathe\\nAll affectation tis my perfect scorn\\nObject of my implacable disgust. Cowper.\\nAll affectation is vain and ridiculous; it is the attempt of poverty to\\nappear rich. Lavater.\\nSarah J. Lippincott, or Grace Greenwood, a truly able and pop-\\nular American writer, who has done much to develop the friendly and\\nsocial qualities of the young readers of her works.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "THE EXPRESSION OF LAUGHTER\\nNothing is more significant of men s character than what they find\\nlaughable. Goethe.\\nLaughter, like weeping, is a sign of emotion whicli is\\nconfined to the human species.\\nThe old proverbs, Laugh and mend, and Sorrow and\\ndie, intimate a true physiological principle, for few things\\nare more injurious to the body than grief, or more healthful\\nthan laughter. Prolonged and hearty laughing has a\\ntendency to promote the secretions and open the pores.\\nIt stimulates the whole glandular system, starts the per-\\nspiration, and increases the peristaltic motion of the bowels,\\nso that those who indulge in frequent cachinnations are\\nrarely troubled either with constipation or indigestion.\\nThere are people who, from some mistaken idea of\\ngentility, never condescend to laugh, yet Count D Orsay,\\nwho in matters of taste was certainly an authority, said\\nthat to laugh well is the sign of a cultivated gentleman.\\nBut even without his testimony, or that of any other man\\nof social rank, we might rest assured that laughter cannot\\nbe intrinsically unrefined, since it has the mother mark\\nof nature, and has, moreover, this to its fortune, that it\\ncontributes to good health. If a gentleman is never to\\nlaugh at all, because some clown laughs coarsely at coarse\\n;oke?, then he ought never to eat at all, since there are\\nalways vulgarians who gluttonize. Who that hos heard", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "THE EXPRESSION OF LAUGHTER. 397\\nthe joyous, ringing laughter of childhood, or the rich,\\nsweet r v.Sifriment that ripples from the throat of a culti-\\nvated \\\\Foman, could wish this sign of amusement to be\\nrelegated to the kitchen or the bear garden?\\nIf people laugh coarsely and disgustingly, it is because\\nthey are coarse and disgusting, but as their minds and\\nmanners improve, their sense of humour will be corres-\\npondingly refined, and their laugh, like their voice, ex-\\npression, and gesture, will assume a sweetness and nobility\\nunknown before.\\nThere are exceptional cases in which the smile is so\\nready, expressive, and varied, that laughter could add\\nnothing to the humorous charm of the manner, however\\nmuch it might contribute to the bodily health. This was\\nthe case with Henry Clay, who seldom laughed, but whose\\nrich smile left little or nothing to be desired. Persons\\nwho neither smile nor laugh are usually fit for treason,\\nstratagem, and spoils. Blackhawk, who was never known\\nto laugh, was one of the most blood-thirsty villains that\\never led a tribe of savages to deeds of violence. The\\nclosing of the eyes, or squinting during laughter, is con-\\nsidered very ugly and underbred, but it is a sure sign of a\\njolly and whole-souled nature.\\nFor convenience, I will consider the laugh as guttural,\\nnasal, love-smitten, cheering, and hypocondriac. The former,\\nwhich for some inexplicable reason is often described as\\nthe horse laugh, evidences strength of the passions as well\\nas of the constitution. It indicates excellent lung power, and\\ncoming as it does forcefully from the chest, seems to be\\npeculiarly beneficial to the physique. As a rule, the less\\nsubtilely intellectual the kind of wit or humour which is the\\noccasion of a laugh, the more it agitates, and by conse-\\nquence, stimulates the bodily organs. The coarse guttural\\niaugh, based as it is upon coarse humour, is the ordinary\\nlaugh of the negroes, who usually enjoy good digestion,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "398 THE EXPRESSION OF LAUGHTER,\\nwith strong assimilating powers. Massachusetts and Con-\\nnecticut people seldom have this laugh, and dyspepsia ia\\nas common among them as is fever and ague among the\\nHoosiers.\\nThe nasal or te-he laugh indicates feeble passions and\\nlight intellectual calibre. It is a kind of cachinnation so\\nweak, so drivelling, and so unmeaning, as to be an offence\\nto every cultivated ear.\\nPeople who have been disappointed in love s young\\ndream, begin to laugh with some degree of spirit, but break\\noff suddenly as though they had just remembered the awful\\nnature of their visitation. Love disappointments, depress\\nthe health as well as the heart, and whatever influences the\\nhealth must affect the whole system, and with it the\\ncharacter of the laugh.\\nThe ho-ho, or cheerful laugh, commonly evinces hopeful-\\nness and health, and hence it usually characterizes persons\\nof the Thoracic form, who have ruddy cheeks and sparkling\\neyes. Such laughers are averse to a sedentary life; joyous\\nand sunny, they see the rose-tint in every cloud, and\\nalthough they may be crushed for a moment by disappoint-\\nment, they are readily consoled and re-inspirited.\\nAll hypocondriacs have a harsh and despondent laugh,\\nwhich is sometimes more disheartening than a good honest\\ngroan. They usually commence their lugubrious merriment\\non a high key, and then descend, step by step, until they\\nconclude with a deep, grave-yard grunt, which it is truly\\nafflicting to hear. Those who have this manner of laughing,\\nalways see mountains, or quicksands, or savage beasts in\\ntheir pathway to the city of fortune. They disparage every\\nenterprise, and esteem no one but themselves true sons of\\nthe prophets.\\nUnrestrained and wholly meaningless laughter is one f\\nthe most obvious and repulsive indications of imbecility.\\nThe English, who are noted for their good living and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "THE EXPRESSION OF LAUGHTER.\\n399\\nstrong digestive powers, are also hearty and frequent\\nlaughers. When a joke is thrown out before an English\\naudience, they roar and roar again, until the whole assembly\\nis convulsed with mirth but the man who has the hardi-\\nhood to perpetrate a jest for the applause of the Scotch or\\nNew-Englanders, will see it sink like a stone into the water\\nbelow the Niagara Suspension Bridge it will fall her*\\nctiug and that will be the end of it.\\nTom Harris, an indiscreet and imitative man, half Indian and half\\nNegro. This face presents, in its phenomenally wide mouth, the very-\\nbest example of large animal imitation, a quality of mind described on\\npage 126 in this book. Tom Harris was employed in a music hall in\\nLondon, England, twenty-five years to imitate musical instruments with\\nhis mouth.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "HAIR\\nAmong the many evidences of character, whether physical\\nor mental, few are more certain than those derived fiom the\\nhair.\\nThis natural covering is a modification of the epidermis\\ncuticle, or scarf-skin, which contains neither vessels nor\\nnerves, but forms a horny layer over the cutis, or true skin.\\nIt is thus accounted for that hair may be found more or less\\non every part of the human body, except the palms of the\\nhands and the soles of the feet; the horny matter on those\\nparts is all employed in constituting the epidermis, which is\\nthicker there than on any other part of the body, because of\\nthe greater exposure to pressure and friction.\\nEvery ordinary hair consists of two principal parts; the\\nshaft, which projects beyond the surface, and the bulb,\\nwhich is rooted in the true skin. When examined under a\\nmicroscope, the bulb is found to contain minute cells, some\\nof which are loaded with pigment or colouring matter, but\\nall of which are abruptly condensated into hard fibres on\\nrising into the shaft. This shaft is of true cylindrical form\\nin hair which lies straight, but a trarsverse section of a\\nwavy or curly hair appears somewhat oval. The colour of\\nthe hair seems to depend on a peculiar oil, which can be\\nseen coursing through the central hollow, and serving, as it\\ncomes to the surface, to lubricate and soften the outer por-\\ntion of the hair and skin. The wavy, transverse lines that\\nappear on the outside are due to the single outermost layer", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "HAIR. 401\\nof cells, which overlap each other. The bulbous root of the\\nhuman hair, very nearly resembles that of some plants;\\nand doubtless the nourishment which affords material for\\nthe constant growth of the hair, is derived from the body\\nmuch in the same way as plants are nourished by the soil.\\nThe peculiar characteristic in hair, that first and chiefly\\nstrikes the eye, is its colour; but we have also to consider\\nwhether it is straight or curly, coarse or fine, long or short,\\nabundant or scanty.\\nCertain races of men have no variety of hair colouring;\\nit is, and appears to have been for ages, the same; and this\\nis generally black. No other is to be found among the\\nAmerican Indians or the pure Africans; and very rarely are\\nlighter hues to be seen in those Asiatic races usually called\\nMongols and Malays. Variety of colour belongs pre-\\neminently to the Caucasian, or as some call it, the Japetic\\nthat is, the white variety of the human species. One\\nparent may have black hair and the other flaxen; while\\ntheir children have brown. Such variety is sure evidence\\nof civilization, as also is difference of complexion; it is the\\nnon-progressive races that transmit the same colour both of\\nskin and hair from generation to generation. It is natural\\nto expect that the colour of the hair should correspond with\\nthe complexion of the skin; because its roots, being planted\\nin the cutis, derive their nourishment and colouring matter\\nfrom the same substance which there contributes to form\\nthe complexion.\\nAlso, the same climatic influences that act upon the skin,\\noperate on the hair, causing it to be light or dark. The\\nlighter shades are met with chiefly in mountainous regions;\\nthe darker in warm, low-ij^ng countries. There are more\\nfair-haired children in the mountains of California than in\\nany other part of the world that we have visited. Light\\nhair is common, also, in the Highlands of Scotland, and the\\nmountains of Sweden. Even anion or the Negroes there are\\n2c", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "402 HAIR.\\nspecimens of lighter hair in the more elevated districts,\\nwhile the low lands of Guinea present only black. Red is\\ncommon in the elevated region of the Alps; while black\\nis the predominant colour at the foot of those mountains.\\nThe intermarriage of various races in temperate climates\\ngoes to produce varieties of colour in the hair. Black\\nabsorbs all the rays of light and heat; but white conveys\\nthem without loss to the interior. The hare, the ermine,\\nand some other animals turn white in winter and if this\\nis caused by the cold, it is likewise a certain protection\\nagainst it, besides rendering these animals more secure from\\ntheir enemies, by the assimilation of their fur to the sur-\\nrounding snow.\\nAmong ourselves, red hair has usually been considered\\nan evidence of quick temper; and doubtless this holds\\ngood as a general rule yet many cases might be cited in\\nwhich red-haired persons have been very amiable, and\\nthroughout a life-time have not been known to exhibit\\nangry passions. This colour, however, may be taken as\\nsure evidence of an active form; if curliness is added, it\\nindicates an intense organization, and a disposition to\\nardent love. Very coarse red hair is a sign of propensities\\nmuch too animal.\\nAuburn is indicative of a kindly and sympathetic nature,\\nwith much capacity for Platonic love. Fine brown hair\\nis found only on persons of excellent minds, and generally\\nintellectual tendencies so, beautiful golden hair is rarely\\nobserved in individuals of gross and sensual natures. Such\\nare fond of children; they love the fine arts, and generally\\nhave exquisite sensibilities, so that one need never fear a\\nperson with pleasant golden or auburn locks, regularly\\ndisposed and curled; for they bespeak a high standard of\\nintelligence and kindliness. We know not whetheiit was\\nfrom an appreciation of these symptomatic qualities, or\\nfrom mere taste or caprice, that golden hair came to be all", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "HATH 403\\nthe rage in France a short time ago so that many ladies\\nwho could not bring their own hair to this colour, procured\\nartificial locks at any expense.\\nGlossy black hair, inclined to be wavy or curly, evinces\\nkeen perceptions, and usually a cautious, secretive nature.\\nAs a general rule, straight hair accompanies persons who go\\nstraight in walking, and whose bodies exhibit straight lines\\nand angles, rather than curves and round turns. The\\nmental character will be found to correspond; the curly-\\nheaded people are the more sinuous people, and hence the\\nexpression, a straight-haired boy, meaning that he is\\nhonest and reliable, moving straight in his conduct, so that\\nyou know where to find him. Straight black hair evinces\\nmore or less stolidity, with a wiry constitution; and the\\nsame colour, if very coarse and curly, denotes much irrita-\\nbility, not without stupidity. Curly black hair, however,\\naccompanied with blue eyes and fair skin, may be taken\\nas indicating an excellent mind and good moral tendencies.\\nSuch were Dr. Lyman Beech er s characteristics. His black\\nhair seemed to stand up bristling and curling on his fore-\\nhead, to bespeak his great intensity of mind and clearness\\nof thought; while the blue eye and white skin forbade\\none to associate with him those characteristics that\\nare apt to attend such hair with black eyes and coarse\\ndark skin.\\nThe black hair of the Asiatic Mongolians, and the various\\ntribes of Polynesians and American Indians, is generally\\nFilament of Wool.\\nstraight and lank; that of the Negroes, Hottentots, and\\nother African families is usually crisp and woolly. The", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "404 HAIR.\\nAfrican head has been considered as being covered with a\\nspecies of wool rather than true hair. But Dr. Pritchard\\nhaving carefully examined a number of hairs from the Negro\\nas well as other races, in comparison with the wool of a\\nSouthdown sheep, reports that a filament of wool has a\\nserrated or jagged surface, whereas the Negro hair appears\\nonly imbricated. It is for this reason that though hair will\\nentangle to a certain extent, it will not felt into a compact\\nmass like good wool.\\nThe black, which is the predominating colour of human\\nhair, is found by chemical analysis to depend on the pre-\\nsence of iron; while the lighter colours exhibit more sulphur.\\nIt is found that black-haired men can work in iron with-\\nout injurious consequences, whereas the blood of light-haired\\npersons has so little affinity for this metal, that handling\\nit too much produces disease, from the infinitesimal par-\\nticles insinuating themselves into their systems.\\nThe gray n ess of hair in old age, arising from a deficient\\nsecretion of pigment, appears natural enough, when all the\\ncorporeal powers are weakened. But no one has satisfac-\\ntorily explained how it is that hair has turned gray or even\\nquite white in a single night under the influence of fear or\\ndistress. It has been suggested that some fluid, perhaps\\nan acid, is in such cases secreted at the bulb, and perco-\\nlating the hair, has destroyed the colouring matter. But\\nhow mental excitement should produce such fluid, appears\\nstill a secret.\\nWe have had occasion to allude to the texture of hair\\nin connection with some shades of colour. It may be\\nfurther observed that coarse hair indicates strength of\\nconstitution and a courageous temper, while fine bespeaks\\nweakness of physique, with sympathetic susceptibilities,\\nunusual care, timidity, and withal, vivacity. The wild\\nboar, which has been known to turn upon a dozen hunters,\\nand the lion, which will attack a whole herd of elephants", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "HAIR, 405\\nor buffaloes, are good examples of strong coarse hair in\\nconnection with physical strength and courage. On the\\nother hand, animals wearing fine soft hair are timid and\\nactive, fleeing at the first appearance of danger. The deer\\nand the rabbit may be cited as well-known examples.\\nEven the finest hair is strong and elastic, hence it is used\\nto make fishing tackle, also to stuff beds, seats, c. When\\ndry, it is easily rendered electrical; but it attracts moisture\\nreadily from the atmosphere, and doubtless from the body\\nalso. When it was the fashion in this country for females\\nto curl their hair artificially, twisting it in paper over night\\nwas usually sufficient, but a damp morning would oblige\\nthem to use hot irons before making their appearance in\\nthe eveniu^.\\nAmong different races there are great differences as to\\nthe quantity of hair that grows on the body. The northern\\nAsiatics, and the American Indians are noted for thin hair\\nand scanty beards; while in the Kurilian race there are\\nindividuals with hair growing down the back, and covering\\nalmost the whole body. Some years ago a hairy lady\\nunderstood to be from Mexico, was exhibited in London,\\nand her body was embalmed after death as a curiosity.\\nThe whole of the face, except the eyes, was covered with\\nhair of different lengths. That on the head was straight,\\nblack, bristly, and very thick. The ears and the back of\\nthe neck were hairy, and the hairs on the shoulders and\\nlegs were s abundant as they are sometimes seen on very\\npowerful men.\\nA heavy head of hair is considered a great ornament\\nto a woman. Whatever the reason, the hair of Irish\\nfemales, especially those of humble class, seems to grow\\nmuch more luxuriantly than that of either the English or\\nScotch. Besides its undeniable beauty, abundance of hair\\nis a pretty sure sign of a good constitution, and full or\\nlarge animal propensities. Wendell Phillips and Horace", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "406 HAIR.\\nGreely are more intellectual than animal; they have very\\nlittle hair.\\nAt the International Exhibition of 1862, there was a\\nbeautiful specimen of hair, understood to be British, jet\\nblack, and measuring seventy-four inches in length. We\\nare not informed of what length that lady s hair was, of\\nwhom a Persian poet of the tenth century has sung:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nAt dead of night,\\nThe bi idegroom, with his locks of light*\\nCame in the flush of love and pride,\\nAnd scaled the terrace of his bride,\\nWhen as she saw him rashly spring,\\nAnd midway up in danger cling,\\nShe flung him down her long black hair,\\nExclaiming breathless, There, love, there!\\nBut we are glad to learn that he fixed his crook in a\\nprojecting beam, instead of accepting her self-sacrificing\\noffer.\\nWhen the hair grows low down on the forehead, it is\\nevidence of a good constitution and long-lived ancestry.\\nA peak coming down on the centre of the forehead is con-\\nnected with honesty of purpose, excellent observing powers,\\nand, it must be added, fractious tempers. Andrew Jackson\\nhad this peak well marked. His, high regard for his honour\\nhas rarely been equalled; and his temper was as waspish\\nas that of a fractious horse, in which the same shaped peak\\nof hair is observable.\\nNature supplies whatever is necessary for the preserva-\\ntion of life in the circumstances in which she places either\\nraces of men, or species of animals. She invests most cf\\nthe quadrupeds with a thicker coat of hair in the autumn\\nand causes them to shed it in spring, when it is no longei\\nrequired. Furs obtained in northern climates are, it is\\nwell known, much thicker than those of the temperate\\nand torrid zones. The beaver, removed to warm latitudes l\\nexchanges its fur, and the sheep its wool for coarse hair,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "HAIR. 407\\nsuitable to the altered circumstances. On the other hand,\\nthe bear exhibits coarse black hair in moderate climates,\\nbut is clad with the finest white fur in the arctic regions.\\nThis increase of. hair is produced by the effect of cold in\\nobstructing the perspiration; for the matter which would\\notherwise have been emitted through the pores of the skin,\\nis formed into hair. A warm climate, by relaxing the\\nsystem and opening the pores, allows this matter to escape\\nbefore it can be concreted into the substance of hair.\\nPersons who produce but scanty hair and whiskers are\\nbest adapted to live in warm climates. They manufacture\\nless animal heat than those whose systems afford a profuse\\ngrowth of hairy matter.\\nCertain specific diseases occasion the hair to fall off, and\\nno external washes will reproduce it in such case; nothing\\nwill do but the purification of the blood. Such disease has\\nbeen very prevalent in America since the war; and in\\nFrance, since the thirteen years of almost ceaseless warfare\\nthat preceded the banishment of the first Napoleon to the\\nisland of St. Helena. Some families, or portions of families,\\ninherit a weakness of cutaneous blood circulation, which\\ncauses them to lose their hair at a comparatively early\\nperiod of life. The effect of typhoid fever in causing the\\nhair to fall, is familiar to every one; but it is not so gener-\\nally known that a hard hat may operate in the same\\nmanner, though in a less degree, by its pressure on the\\nveins which return the blood from the scalp, thus causing\\na feverish action in the integument of the head. In the\\ntheatres of New York, London, Paris, Berlin, and other\\ncities, one sees hundreds of young men who wear dress\\nsilk hats, and are more or less bald. Smoking tobacco is\\nundoubtedly another cause of baldness, the nerves of the\\nskin being paralyzed by the fumes curling round the head\\nday after day continually. tobacco! where are thy\\ncharms? Broken constitutions, nervous shadows of man-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "408 HAIR.\\nhood, hypochondriacal dyspeptics echo Where? and it\\nseems almost an impertinence to mention bald heads in\\nthe same category with the graver evils resulting from\\nthis baneful practice. Dear youth of our land, be per-\\nsuaded never to use it no, never! While you read these\\nlines vow to yourself never to begin its use; but if you\\nhave already commenced, resolve to be its slave no longer\\nno, nor its companion. Say good bye tobacco, thou and I\\npart here for ever.\\nFifty or sixty years ago, Kowland s Macassar Oil was the\\nthing for promoting the growth of the hair; scarce any\\nother was known; and so firm was its hold on the public,\\nthat though the article itself has fallen into disuse, the\\ncoverings which are to save our easy-chairs from grease are\\ncalled anti-macassars. Now the nostrums for saving the\\nhair, patented and unpatented, may be numbered by hun-\\ndreds, if not thousands. Among them all, however, there\\nis none to be preferred to a good stiff brush, which,\\ndiligently applied, stimulates the scalp to healthy action,\\nand to pour out the oil which nature itself has wisely\\nfurnished.\\nJennie June, a highly interesting, varied, terse, and voluminous\\nwriter for the popular press of America.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "DIMPLES.\\nBehold that beautiful child with its dimpled chin, cheeks,\\nand round nose, and what could one imagine more lov-\\nable. Pure Platonic love\\nis there personified in\\ntruth. Dimpled chins are\\never found to be concomi-\\ntant with warmth of soul\\nfeelings, love of society,\\nand happy natures.\\nAll things in nature\\ncorrespond and harmonize,\\nand when the chin is\\ndimpled the entire flesh\\nof the body and face in-\\nclines to partake of the\\ndimpled nature. The but-\\ntock of a child often will\\nhave dimples, as well as\\nits legs, arms, breast, and\\nLove, Faith, Intuition, and Innocence.\\nneck, all\\nthe\\nmerry and loving soul. When one dimple is seen, we at\\nonce draw the inference that the tendency of that whole\\nsystem is to partake of the same character.\\nSuperabundance of adipose tissue, with small bones and\\nweak muscles, will so round out the form as to give it the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "410 DIMrLES.\\ndimply nature. These dimples will be found to shew them-\\nselves in the places where fat is least laid on, and by the\\nfilling up in the more natural places of deposit will leave\\ndimples. Such persons as those of a dimpled nature will\\nbe naturally lovable, good-natured, fond of being petted,\\nand extremely musical in soul.\\nRarely do we see dark-complexioned people much dimpled.\\nThis agreeable peculiarity is more apt to accompany blue\\neyes, florid or blond complexion, and well rounded forms.\\nYou might as well look for lightning in winter, in temperate\\nclimates, or for grapes on the oak, as for dimples on some\\nforms. Those lank, tall, and spare people, who are naturally\\nso, and have always been thin, and ever will remain so, do\\nnot afford evidences of dimpled natures. Neither Abraham\\nLincoln nor the Duke of Wellington partookf of this char-\\nacter. Lincoln shewed no particular devotion to music;\\nand the Duke once remarked that no music was so sweet as\\na hundred cannons in full play (when you were in safe\\ndistance). They were built more on the angular shape, and\\nneither shewed a fondness for being petted; but more freely\\nbestowed than invited it from others. Principle, with them,\\nseemed to surmount all other traits of character.\\nLarge-boned persons rarely or never have the same warm,\\nsocial nature as those who are more fleshy, with less frame-\\nwork. They are not so readily thrilled in every fibre of\\ntheir beings with music, as people who have small bones,\\ngood muscles, and a large supply of blood and vital life.\\nA pebble cast into a lake, makes its further shore feel a\\nripple for that pebble; while, if it were thrown upon a\\nsolid rock, its influence ceases with its fall. Thus we see\\nhow persons who have much liquid and less solid parts of\\nbody are more easily affected and influenced by musical\\nair- waves and social heart-beatings than the bony or, so to\\nspeak, rocky person. Such people as have large bones are\\nmore able to withstand the influences of peoples or com-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "DIMPLES.\\n411\\nmunities than those having more of fibre and cellular\\ntissue, and less of the osseous structure. There is no doubt;\\nthat the small man or woman who so readily bends, m\\nsomething like the French style of affability about you, is\\nmore controllable by the mind of another, and is more the\\ncreature of circumstances than the tall, raw-boned indi-\\nvidual who uses no blandishments.\\nWashington, who stood six feet and three inches high,\\ncould handle two common men, and possessed strength and\\nagility sufficient to jump twenty-two feet at a single leap,\\nproved himself not, the man to be controlled, even by his\\npowerful British relations. Lincoln, who was six feet and\\nseveral inches high, and was possessed of well-strengthened\\nmuscles and bones by early physical labour, when all the\\nNorth were clamouring for the issue of the Emancipation\\nProclamation, stood like a rock, uninfluenced, waiting the\\nappropriate time dictated by his cool spirit, and sanctioned\\nby his judgment.\\nMen who stand pre-eminent in the world s history as great\\nand self-reliant heroes, statesmen, and noted personages,\\nhave all had solid and heavy bones, where they have not\\nbeen of more than average stature. That self-willed and\\nambitions man, by some known as the Great Napoleon, had\\na rough, bony face, much unlike the popular prints we\\noften see in shop-windows, which, for the most part, are\\nthe flattering and insipid efforts of pandering artists, result-\\ning in smooth-faced oil burlesques on the wilful character\\nand face of the erst would-be king-maker and dictator of\\nEurope. A gentleman, who was once an English soldier,\\nand stood guard over Napoleon on the Island of St. Helena,\\nhas assured us, that all the pictures and paintings of\\nNapoleon are too smooth-faced, as he had the largest jaw I\\never saw; large nose, massive head, with very little hair\\non it, and his beard was so thick, that when recently shaven\\nit gave the skin a blue cast. His eyes were light-blue,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "4X2 DIMPLES.\\nand when roused, they spoke of a master-spirit. His\\ngeneral facial expression was very bony and masculine.\\nNo dimples ever graced his person. His spirit loved war,\\nand powerful commotion, and terrible struggles, better than\\nthe social influence of children, wife (whom he so cruelly\\ndivorced to gain power), music, or home. What an indomi-\\ntable spirit he possessed, and how little influence friends\\nand the world had upon him, history and those who knew\\nhim best can attest. His pulse gave only about forty beats\\nper minute, shewing how little action the soft parts of the\\nbody had, and his character gives evidence of wonderful\\npower and recuperative nature arising from short, thick,\\nand heavy bones. Julius Csesar and Alexander were each\\nbony and angular men, and how little they were influenced\\nby, and how much they moved the world of mankind.\\nHannibal and Scipio, whose legions and force of character\\nmoved the masses, were powerful in bone structure. Leoni-\\ndas, whose braves drove the hordes, a hundred to one,\\nbefore them, was inspired by the master-spirit, who was\\nfull of muscle and well set in bone.\\nA great law of nature is, that things are moved most\\nwhich have material most easily acted upon, and as soft\\ntissues and blood material are more easily acted upon than\\nbones, so it naturally follows that men, partaking of the\\ncharacter of their bodies, are more solid in mind, and unin-\\nfluenced, if the bony structure predominates in their\\nsystems; whereas the dimply form (being only signs of a\\nsuperabundance of fatty tissues) gives evidences of char-\\nacter easily influenced by all nature s forces. They are\\npleasant creatures of circumstances, loved by every positive\\nand bony person as they naturally smooth and brighten the\\nrough pathway of life. The following verses, and especially\\nthe last one, gives a very good idea where lasting dimples\\nappear:", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "DIMPLES. 413\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2WHERE SHALL THE BABY S DIMPLE BF!\\nOver the cradle a mother hung,\\nSoftly crooning a slumber song;\\nAnd these were the simple words she sung\\nAll the evening long\\nCheek or chin, or knuckle or knee,\\nWhere shall the baby s dimple be?\\nWhere shall the angel s finger rest\\nWhen he comes down to the baby s nest!\\nWhere shall the angel s touch remain\\nWhen be awakens my babe again?\\nStill as she bent and sang so low,\\nA murmur into her music broke\\nAnd she paused to hear, for she could but kn r*\\nThe baby s angel spoke\\nCheek or chin, or knuckle or knee,\\nWhere shall the baby s dimple be?\\nWhere shall my finger fall and rest\\nWhen I come down to the baby s nestV\\nWhere shall my finger s touch remain\\nWhen I awaken your child again?\\nSilent the mother sat, and dwelt\\nLong in the sweetest delay of choice;\\nAnd then by her baby s side she knelt,\\nAnd sang with pleasant voice\\nNot on the limb, angel dear\\nFor the charm with its youth will disappear i\\nNot on the cheek shall the dimple be,\\nFor the harbouring smile will fade and flee\\nBut touch thou the chin with an impress dee^*\\nAnd my baby the angel s seal shall keep.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "MISERLY MARKS.\\nIn modern times we use the word miser and miserly, only\\nto stigmatize the self-inflicted poverty of the man who\\ndenies himself the good things of this life which he can\\nwell afford to purchase, but will not, because he prefers\\nkeeping his wealth in store. But the Latin word miser\\nsimply means poor or afflicted, and the other derivatives\\nfrom it misery, miserable, c, we still use in the larger\\nsense, as once in our own language a miser meant any poor\\nor afflicted person.\\nWe are to point out some of the physical developments, or\\nrather non-developments of the man, who, as Bishop Heme\\ndescribes him, for the sake of gathering what he will never\\nuse, and adding to his beloved heaps, will forego the comforts,\\nthe conveniences, and almost the necessaries of existence,\\nand voluntarily submit, all his days, to the penances and\\nausterities of a mendicant.\\nCommence, then, by observing the general configuration\\nof the man. Let him stand up, and look at him attentively.\\nExamine the length and general largeness of the body.\\nIn early and middle life, a person of these tendencies may\\nbe of at least middle size, staight and agile. But in declin-\\ning years, the limbs, especially the lower ones, become con-\\ntracted and the figure dwarfish.\\nWe know not whether the miser s figure in Nicholas\\nISTickleby is a portrait, but a gentleman in London, whom\\nwe shall call Mi. Berno Pudici, might have sat for it. or", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "MISERLY MARKS. 415\\nrather stood; for it is a full-length figure, and the resem-\\nblance is most striking in the thin, crooked legs and con-\\ntracted knees, though also apparent in the contour of the\\nhead and face. This Mr. Berno Pudici counted his wealth\\nby hundreds of thousands there was no appearance of\\nstint about his handsome dwelling; he gave away many\\nhundreds of pounds every year, and had the reputation of\\nbeing one of the most munificent Christians in England.\\nDid one judge him a man of naturally niggardly disposition\\nonly because, in .old age, he became personally so like\\nMartin Chuzzlewit? No; though the most casual observer,\\nuninstructed in Physiognomy, would instinctively have so\\njudged him from his appearance, even if he had but seen\\nhim on a platform announcing a subscription of five hundred\\npounds. But a friend of ours happened to know a few facts\\nabout this profuse contributor to religious institutions. His\\nhouse betrayed no meanness, because in early life he had\\nmarried an open-handed lady, who kept him up to an expen-\\nditure suited to his position. He gave largely, because he\\nhad in early life made it a rule to consecrate a certain\\nportion of his gains, probably the tenth, to religious and\\ncharitable purposes. But this was as much a calculation\\nof profit and loss, as any other of his transactions. He\\nbelieved most firmly that the Divine blessing had rested,\\nand would rest on his affairs through his doing thus; and\\nas matter of mere self-interest he would not have withheld\\nthe stipulated proportion. But he took care to get his\\nmoney s worth in public praise. All his givings were in\\nthe shape of subscriptions to societies; and rather large\\nsums to a few extensive ones, than a scattered bounty to\\nmany. If there was a private case of poverty or distress,\\nit was no use applying to him. In matters which were not\\nto appear prominently in print, he was often heard to\\ngrumble that he had to pay for, in truth, people seemed\\nto delight in bleeding him. More than once, when it was", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "416 MISERLY MARKS.\\nannounced that Mr. Pudici had promised to bear such and\\nsuch expenses, the old gentleman might be seen fretting and\\nfuming as if he were going to be ruined, and saying to\\nthose around him that he had promised no such thing. He\\nwas a singular, well-marked example of a man, at heart\\na miser, and carrying the tokens of it on his person, yet so\\ncontrolled by circumstances that he obtained and delighted\\nin the reputation of unusual liberality.\\nNature always contracts herself when she would avoid an\\nexcess of liberality. For example, when it rains bountifully,\\nall the vegetable world enlarges and increases, so that the\\nharvest is abundant. A dry summer is stingy. Vegetation\\nshrinks and contracts for lack of rain, and nature econo-\\nmizes the scanty fluids as best she can in bringing the\\ngrain and fruit to maturity. A similar process is observed\\nin mankind. There are men full of sap, their bodies well\\nsupplied with the juices of life in all departments like a\\nrainy season, the life-giving waters largely preponderate in\\ntheir constitutions. On the other hand, the opposite class\\nexhibit all the attributes of a dry season. Parched and\\nmeagre, they look like beings whose juices have dried up\\nwithin them. Thin, dry old maids, are always parsimoni-\\nous and covetous, mean and stingy. Beware of trusting\\nthem; they live in single unblessedness, probably because\\nthey have cheated some poor young man of his heart, and\\nnow they will cheat }^ou of your money if they can.\\nMiss Margaret Clephene seventy-six years of age,\\nlives with several cats up four or five pair of stairs, in one\\nof the old streets of Edinburgh. She is said to be rich,\\nbut she lives on charity, receiving ten pounds a-year from\\nTrinity Hospital. The accompanying cut is from a drawing\\nwe got made while we conversed with her. Her poor old\\nhands were dirty, because she could not afford soap to wash\\nthem. Her dress was miserably poor, but she has bettei\\nfor Sundays the cast-off garments of a relative. Margaret\\n1", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "MISERLY MARKS.\\n417\\nC. is not, in one respect at least, like the old maid we have\\ndescribed in this article. Margaret C. s lover jilted her for\\na girl with more money. Such is often the more imme-\\ndiate cause of covetousness in elderly unmarried females.\\nMiss Margaret Clephne.\\nIt is impossible for a man possessing plenty of nature s\\nsubstance in his body, to be stingy and niggardly in his\\nmental character. You cannot find one it is contrary to\\nnature.\\nA figure merely deformed or dwarfed, indicates self-\\n2d", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "4:13 MISERLY MARKS.\\nconceit; but it is the stiff, contracted, drawn-together\\nexpression of limb that betokens the miser. However\\nobserve the face especially. It has a mean, pinched-up\\nappearance, the mouth generally, but not always, small,\\nand the lips thin. Still more particularly examine the\\neyes. Abdominal eyes indicate a desire to live high, or\\nrather, an anxiety to obtain something good to eat. The\\nman addicted to gluttony will have a sleepy, heavy expres-\\nsion, precisely similar to the eye of an anaconda, whose\\nnature is to stuff to repletion, and then sleep off the effects\\nfor weeks at a time. Gormandizing stultifies and stupe-\\nfies the brain and nerves; this dulls and deadens the\\nintellect, and the process is betrayed through the medium\\nof the eyes. In the eye of the miser, on the other hand,\\nthere is a dry appearance around it, and a fulness beneath,\\nwith a peculiar wrinkle of round form.\\nIn complexion and colour the same saving disposition\\nmay be observed. Niggardly persons generally have little\\ncolour in their faces. They are like pale, dried peaches,\\nthey either never had any bloom, or it has departed, yet\\nthey may never have been visited by sickness. Illness\\noften extracts the colour from lips and cheeks, as leeches\\nsuck the life-blood; or as long drought absorbs the moisture\\nof the earth, causing the ground to crack and grow parched\\nand pale, the bright herbage to lose its green tints and\\nfade into the sere brown. So the droughty, stingy, mer-\\ncenary, niggardly spirit in man or woman steals away the\\nbloom of the cheeks, pallors the countenance, blanches the\\nlips, and dries the eye. Soul and body are cramped alike;\\nthe geniality of social life is stolen away, and all the traces\\nof open-hearted generosity have disappeared from the\\nfeatures.\\nIn this cut, representing the celebrated miser, John Elwes,\\nM.P. for Berkshire, you remark the features above\\ndescribed. He inherited the mansion and estate of Stoke,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "MISERLY MARKS. 419\\nin Suffolkshire, from a miserly uncle, whose favour he won\\nby always changing his ordinary dress for a meaner one be-\\nfore reaching the house when he went to\\nvisit him. The young man learned to\\nbe even a greater niggard than his uncle.\\nHis public position as a Member of Par-\\nliament required some appearance of re-\\nspectability, and it seems he kept a pack\\nof hounds; but one man-servant daily\\nmilked the cows, prepared breakfast,\\nsaddled the horses, unkennelled the John Elwes.\\nhounds, conducted them to the chase,\\nrubbed down the horses on their return, laid the cloth,\\nwaited the dinner-table, milked the cows again, and\\nlittered the horses for the night; yet Mr. Elwes stigmatized\\nthis man as an idle dog, who wanted wages for doing\\nno work. To save fuel in winter, he would walk in an old\\ngreenhouse, or sit in the kitchen; would collect stray chips\\nand straw, or endanger his limbs by climbing for a crow s\\nnest to make a fire. When he had to travel, he rode on\\nhorseback, avoiding all turnpikes and public-houses; feed-\\ning himself on hard boiled eggs and dry crusts which he\\ncarried with him, and allowing his horse only the grass\\nthat grew by the wayside. Yet he sometimes advanced\\nlarge sums to assist his friends; sometimes also tried his\\nluck at gambling, and honourably paid if he lost. There\\nwas, as his appearance betokens, somewhat of gentlemanly\\nfeeling and self-respect about this niggard. He never\\nmarried; but had two illegitimate sons, to whom he be-\\nqueathed \u00c2\u00a3500,000.\\nAnother, and a much more degraded character, was Daniel\\nDancer, Esq., who died near London, in 1794, five years after\\nElwes. It is recorded that, during his last illness, Lady\\nTempest accidentally called upon him, and found him\\nlying up to the neck in an old sa ik, without even a shirt", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "420\\nMISEKLY MARKS.\\nOn her remonstrating, he said that, having come into the\\nworld without a shirt, he was determined to go out of\\nit in the same manner.\\nWhen she begged he\\nwould have a pillow\\nto raise his head, he\\nordered his servant to\\nbring a truss of hay for\\nthe purpose. He be-\\nqueathed his house,\\nwith land worth \u00c2\u00a3500\\na-year to this lady;\\nand when her brother\\ntook possession of it for\\nher, he found, from time\\nto time, large bowls\\nfilled with guineas and\\nhalf-guineas, besides\\nparcels of bank-notes\\nstuffed under the corners of old chairs. The house had not\\nbeen repaired for half a century, and was in a wretched\\ncondition. Mr. Dancer generally wore a girdle of hay to\\nkeep his tattered garments together; and his stockings had\\nbeen so darned and patched that scarcely any of the original\\ncould be seen; but in cold weather they were covered with\\nropes of hay, which served for boots. Nevertheless, Mr.\\nDancer was rigidly upright in all his transactions, and\\nwould give temporary assistance to those of whom he had\\na good opinion always, however, expecting interest as well\\nas repayment. His faithful and only servant fared much\\nbetter than his master, having whatever he chose to eat\\nand drink, and a good bed to sleep on. Mr. Dancer had a\\nsister of temper similar to his own; and a brother, who\\nsurvived him, was said to be, if possible, more penurious.\\nYou may remark that all over the face the wrinkles are\\nDaniel Dancer, a mi?er and hermit.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "MISERLY MARKS. 421\\nshort, save a peculiar and well-marked one situated under\\nthe eye. It has a striking fullness and clearness of develop-\\nment found only in such subjects, forming a complete semi-\\ncircle, yet totally different from the fulness which marks\\nthose persons that have a great flow of language. This\\nround and very distinct furrow is not inappropriately\\ndesignated the miser s wrinkle, for it is always well-\\nmarked in such subjects. All niggards are not dishonest,\\nas we have seen above, but men who are mean in their\\ndealings, and prone to rascality in trade, are usually thus\\nmarked.\\nThe characters of these two gentlemen are the more\\nremarkable, because this excess of covetousness is not so\\noften found in country squires, as in those engaged in\\ntrade and commerce. And it is worth while to take along\\nwith this remark, the fact that both of them were char-\\nacterized by the integrity which in those days was expected\\nfrom men in their position also that their only deviations\\nfrom the general miserly rule, as occasional gambling and\\nhunting, were unlike what would have been recorded of\\nmen whose money was made by buying and selling.\\nIt would be impossible to define and describe all the\\nwrinkles to be found in miserly faces, for these vary accord-\\ning to the form, or combination of forms found in each\\nindividual case. But the grand distinctive mark of mean,\\nmiserly characters, is to be found in the strong rounding\\nwrinkle under the eye. This will ever signalize the face of\\na niggard, as the union jack does the colours of a British man-\\nof-war. All the other wrinkles will appear to be of an un-\\ndefined character, not well marked, seeming to have neither\\nbeginning nor ending, but dying out gradually at either\\nextremity, and thus continuing all over the face. I can\\nliken them only to those on the skin of an old potatoe,\\nfrom which the watery juices have been evaporated. You\\nknow how the rind appears in undefined* wrinkles, by", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "422 MISERLY MARKS.\\nwhich I mean having no regularity, yet extending all\\nover the hull or skin. Just so are the misers; no regu-\\nlarity; some here, some there, some deeper, some shallower;\\nyet marking and furrowing the entire face in a very peculiar\\nfashion, not to be mistaken when once seen, and never to be\\nforgotten. The miser, therefore, is a husky, dry, shrivelled,\\nand wrinkled being, precisely like a dried up plant, whose\\nsap and juices have been exhausted by a burning sun or\\nscorching wind. Like causes produce like effects. The\\nface may be healthy, but if there are those short irregular\\nmarks all about it, you may suspect the subject of being\\ncapable of mean tricks as well as a petty economy. Such a\\nman s character cannot be found out by feeling his head,\\nfor he may have been liberal once, and this state is per-\\npetuated in the contour of the skull, which continues to\\nindicate such trait of character. But the face changes with\\nthe habits, and there you may read the marks intelligently\\nand without mistake.\\nSometimes, but not often, the miserly signs appear in\\nearly life more frequently the love of money comes in to\\nfill the place of some other disappointed love, or to furnish\\na never-failing source of pleasure to the man who has\\nexhausted other streams. John Foster mentions, as a\\nremarkable instance of resolute will, a young man of\\nspendthrift habits, who wasted a large estate in dissolute\\npleasures, and then sat down to gaze on the lands he\\nhad lost, and determine to possess them all again. Be-\\nginning to earn a few pence by whatever work he could\\nfind, regardless of its meanness, and to save every possible\\nfarthing, he succeeded in re-purchasing his estate, and died\\nan inveterate miser. Like a plant, shrivelled and wrinkled\\nfor lack of moisture, would that once full and open face\\nbecome pinched, and parched, and wrinkled, as his years\\nadvanced and his stores increased. For nature s rules are\\never true, and may be depended upon. She shrinks and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "MISERLY MARKS. 423\\nshrivels the skin of the face, when the mind and disposition\\nof the individual has become close and contracted.\\nAgain, some persons may be born of a very careful and\\nsaving, if not mean and sordid disposition, which by early\\ncare and education may, to a great extent, be overcome.\\nBut as a general rule, this is an inveterate mental disease;\\nand especially when it sets in towards life s decline, and\\nas the result of disappointment in something else, it grows\\nand increases to the end.\\nMammon s close-linked bonds have bound him\\nSelf-imposed, and seldom burst;\\nThough heaven s waters gushed around him,\\nHe would pine with earth s poor thirst. Mrs. S. J. Hale.\\nNone of the lower animals possess the above distinctive\\nmarks of miserly propensities, except perhaps some dogs\\nwhich have wrinkled faces and perhaps this is rather\\nstretching the point. It is true that some creatures exhibit\\na hungry wrinkled appearance, but this is owing to the\\nilliberal treatment they have received at the hand of man.\\nNatural history makes us acquainted with the habits of\\nseveral provident little creatures, that lay up stores for\\nfuture use, but we do not read of any that deny themselves\\nwhat is needful for present sustenance, or that accumulate\\nexcept for a certainly approaching time of need.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\nAll nature tends to harmony, and the absence of harmony\\nis simply produced by certain unequal conditions of nature.\\nWhen the atmosphere is set in terrible motion by heat or\\ncold, or the electric currents being out of balance, there\\nis a want of evenness or repose in the effect, generating\\nin some degree or other storm, confusion, and discord. So\\nwhen the parents are thin-faced, large-brained, lank and\\ntall, their children are generally fretful, short-lived, and\\nhave large heads. They are disjointed in mind, so to\\nspeak, because their parents from their very resemblance\\nin approximate qualities did not, though outwardly alike,\\nharmonize in reality, one with the other. To illustrate the\\nmeaning of this more forcibly. All the angles or prominent\\npoints of disposition and character in the one, stood out\\nconstantly opposed or in contact with their exact duplicate\\nangles and prominences in the other, and to use an apt,\\nthough technical expression, never could be got to dovetail\\nproperly together.\\nSuppose twenty singers all join in singing Home, sweet\\nHome, or Auld Langsyne, and one voice puts all awry\\nby being a half tone above or below its part, there is at\\nonce an absence of sweetness, because harmony is wanting.\\nA beautiful and well-balanced child is only the effect\\nof loving parents, and the happy ante-natal surroundings\\nof the mother.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE. 425\\nOne parent being of a round, full, and vital build, and\\nthe other being of a tall, slim, and nervous make, their\\noffspring in all probability are, or will be, well-organized\\nand loving children, because the combination of the parent-\\nage, just described, conspires to produce love between them-\\nselves, and loving, healthy, and well-organized children.\\nWhen fierce, consuming lightnings dart and flash across\\nthe weeping heavens, at each volley of the Omnipotent s\\nartillery, causing the dreaded tones to reverberate from\\nmountain tops to vales, there is clearly indicated a want\\nof balance in the electrical forces of the atmosphere.\\nWhen the little child totters along over the carpet, a\\nstraw may trip the little toddler, and he or she may\\nbe thrown out of balance. A slight offence causes a whole\\nfamily to quarrel, and inharmony, to use no stronger word,\\nis the consequence. Where the forces are strong, and a\\npure and soul-deep affinity exists between man and wife,\\npowerful incentives to quarrel may arise, but peace will\\nprevail and still reign in the ascendant; but where two\\nof the same hot temper and nervous build are united in\\nwedlock, there will be disagreement, and unbalanced families\\nare the ultimate result. To produce or retain balance or\\nharmony in families or offspring, only such persons should\\nmarry as can see a difference in shape of features, body,\\nand general physiognomy. Slight things and conditions\\nproduce balance, and other feeble and wrong variations\\nproduce inharmony.\\nAll faces long from the top of the forehead to the bottom\\nof the chin and very narrow, are certain evidences of\\nunbalanced minds.\\nThis face of David Duncan is entirely out of harmony,\\nand he would find few of mankind with whom he would\\nwish to become familiar, or enter freely into sympathy\\nwith. Were his face more full on the sides, it would\\nenable him the more completely to be a man of the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "426\\nHARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\nworld, by entering into universal brotherhood of feeling\\nmore easily than a long slim face is able to do. The face\\nof David Duncan denoted him cold, unsocial, distant, and\\nof feeble constitution, whereas Washington Irving was one\\nof those approachable and social men who loved and was\\nbeloved by those who knew him. History says he never\\nDavid Duncan, Hermit of Michigan.\\nWashington Irving.\\nhad an enemy. His face is just wide enough for its length,\\nso to speak, that is, of good proportions. When we see\\na house four stories high, and twenty-two or twenty-four\\nfeet wide, like the one on Fifth Avenue in New York,\\nopposite Central Park, we are forced to exclaim, how\\nmuch out of proportion seems the fearful structure, and\\nhow dangerous it looks. The important feature of this\\notherwise well-finished and costly mansion is inharmoni-\\nousness. Often in observing men, we see four-story faces\\nwhich are three times higher than wide, and they serve\\nto jar on our understandings while we view them. Their\\npredelections are to abstruse thinking, and in some things", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE. 427\\ntliey may be very sound and vigorous, while in the majority\\nthey are very weak.\\nTo be in harmony should be our constant aim, not only\\nwithin ourselves, but with all the world. This condition\\nof body and mind is a great promoter of longevity. When\\nthe head and brain are well balanced, that is, the head\\nnot too large for the bodily support, and the body not\\ntoo strong in its vital powers for the size of brain it\\nsupports, then there is harmony between the brain or\\nmental power, and the body or physical, and old age is\\nmore likely to be attained by such organisms than in\\nunequal systems. A machine which runs true, each wheel\\nsmoothly performing its part, will last a long time and be\\nproductive of much good. If one wheel jars or is out of\\nproportion to the rest, the machine will accomplish very\\nlittle useful work and soon wear out. So it is with an\\nindividual. If each organ is in harmony and proportion\\nto the entire faculties of mind and body, the result is\\nusefulness and long life. We should be surprised to look\\nat a very old man and find a want of harmony in his\\nbody. If such cases do exist, they are exceptional, and\\nonly prove the general law the more true.\\nThe great object of life should be to develop harmonious\\noffspring, and this same condition within all mankind. To\\nknow how to produce this pleasant state within ourselves is\\na knowledge, if well used, which possesses the key to all\\ntrue happiness. When we speak kindly to others, we not\\nmerely please them, but give ourselves a conscious feeling\\nthat we have done right, which kindles the fire of human\\nlove in our bosoms, with which we burn up the stubble of\\nour last crop of hate. If we speak to another harshly,\\nirritation is produced, which not only throws us out of\\npeace with the person spoken to, but with ourselves also.\\nWe should never harm a worm or bird, and should never\\nueediessly hurt ~r?y ot che living things of earth.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "428 HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\n11 The coward wretch, whose hand and heart\\nCan bear to torture aught below,\\nIs ever first to quail and start\\nAt slightest pain or equal foe.\\nThe shooting of robins, larks, sparrows, and thrushes, or\\nany of the hundreds of harmless birds, which so sweetly\\ntrill their musical notes in the air of mountain or valley,\\nand break up earth s monotony by their lively presence, is\\nnot only a pitiful sight, but is destroying the very instru-\\nments intended for the promotion and encouragement of\\nmelody and harmony within ourselves. Their mellifluous\\nvoices are attuned by nature to be in unison with the\\nsoul of our higher manhood. Then why deal the deathblow\\nto that we need to fraternize with our natural instincts\\nShould we meet with loss of friends or property, we\\nshould not for a moment permit our tranquillity to forsake\\nus. All individuals who live to an advanced age are pacific\\nin their natures. Nations are like persons. If they are in\\nturmoil and contentions, their days are shortened thereby.\\nPolemics and logomachy should be most studiously avoided\\nto promote tranquillity of mind and amicable nationalities.\\nLet nothing ruffle your temper. Cultivate patience, as it\\nwill promote your highest happiness here as well as here-\\nafter.\\nHarmony in music is succession of sounds pleasing to the\\near, so combined that one sound fully agrees with all others\\nmade at the same time. Where the properties, relations,\\nand dependencies combine in a pleasing manner to the ear,\\nit is called harmony. The music of the spheres was the\\nharmony which the ancients imagined to be produced by\\nthe accordant movements of the celestial orbs.\\nMelody in music differs from harmony in this manner.\\nHarmony is pleasing sounds agreeing with each other like\\nthe several parts of a tune, and melody denotes the pleasing\\nalternation and variety of musical and measured sounds as", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE. 429\\nthey succeed each other in a single verse or strain. Melody\\nconsists in a succession of single tones, and harmony is a\\nsuccession of chords. Music rarely fails to produce a sooth-\\ning effect on the mind of man\\nLulled with sounds of sweetest melody. Shakespeaek\\nHarmony is the just adaptation of parts to each other in\\nany system or combination of things, or in things intended\\nto form a connected whole, as the harinony of the universe.\\nA man, to be a good citizen, should be in harmony with\\nhis family and the whole list of his acquaintances, and\\nparticularly his neighbour. Be consistent and agreeing in\\nyour nature, and discord will fade away like friends when\\nadversity drops her mantle upon you. Nothing, in our\\nbelief, can produce such a fine feeling and so completely\\nharmonize a family as vocal music.\\nThe harmony of things\\nAa well as sounds from discord spings. Denham.\\nThe harmonious face is a study like a smooth, running\\nriver or placid lake, pleasing to behold, not a ripple or\\nwavelet to be seen. Discordant faces stand in relation to\\nharmonious faces as the braying of an ass does to the sweet\\ntones of a flute. The face which would present to us such\\npleasure, that we would feel in the vicinity of happiness\\nand cherish good- will towards others, must contain a decided\\nexpression of harmony. The calm and repose which accom-\\npany such is like a quiet summer day genial and com-\\nplacent the atmosphere fragrant, full of everything\\ninviting, and impregnated *vith contentment.\\nThe being possessing harmony is never an envious person.\\nThere is nothing on earth more precious than harmony. It\\nnever kills, pilfers, or falsifies, and is full of hope and cheer-\\nful, contentment. It commands respect, gives one the\\npower to perform the duties of life well, and draws around\\nthe possessor sentiments that may cheer the heart of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "430 HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\nmillions. It sheds a halo of fondest recollections on the\\nweary pathway of life.\\nTo be attractive and beloved by the world is one of the\\nbest proofs and testimonials of a well-balanced condition of\\nmind, and nothing gives so much power to a speaker as\\nharmony. Good feeling is like a summer day. Oh how\\ndelightful! It is pleasing to everyone. So it is with the\\nman or woman who bears a large amount of harmony.\\nWhat a nice speaker: I like him; he is splendid, are the\\nexpressions used in regard to such. Any man who lives\\nmuch in the mind of the world, and who gives to the world\\npleasant recollections, must be possessed of large concord\\nand harmony, and, to be an attractive person, one requires\\nharmony.\\nTo be a good musician, requires that the whole qualities\\nof your mind and body be in perfect agreement. A good\\nspeaker needs it. To succeed in the enjoyment of this life\\nit is necessary; and an entire book could be written on the\\nbeauties of harmony. Heaven is harmony, and hell is\\ndiscord, and the Devil is the irritator. There is nothing\\nlike contentment to produce, and discontentment to decrease\\nharmony.\\nThe best construction of harmony is where all the elements\\nof one s constitution are fully blended into one grand whole.\\nWhat gives the ocean its billows and sound? The com-\\nmotion is caused by the irritating effects of the wind.\\nWhat produces the uneven surface of the earth? The\\nboiling and seething tires below.\\nThe signs of harmony in the face are that one part is not\\ntoo prominent or too much sunken for good proportion with\\nthe other parts. Well-defined and even features are marks\\nby which the mind s balance can be determined. Every-\\nthing must be well proportioned and well rounded to give\\nnatural harmony. It is an easy matter to read the\\nharmonious person. There is so much in his bearing to tell", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE. 431\\nits power. Where we find a face all hollows and wrinkles,\\nor too fat and smooth, it savour? of inbarmony.\\nTd have full grain requires a good season, pleasant\\nweather, rains, and sunshine. So it is with man possessing\\nfulness, for harmony implies an ea t ual fulness in every depart-\\nment. Now, to produce good full grain, also requires good\\nsoil on which to grow and good seed to grow from, with plea-\\nsant surroundings to bring it to maturity. So an harmonious\\nperson requires the same conditions. To produce fulness\\nrequires healthy parents, and proper and pleasant surround-\\nings to develop the germ, and to maintain this condition it\\nrequires peace, joy, and hope; they being the necessary\\naccompaniments. We have thus very much the means in\\nour own hands to produce harmony or discord.\\nWe would now make a few remarks on music. As music\\nis simply the result of harmony of organization, so it can be\\nconsistently treated under this head. Harmony of all the\\nforces in man is the producer of melody, and music is\\nnothing but successive melodious sounds in harmony\\nwi6h others made at the same time. -Jenny Lind, Cannissa,\\nParepa Rosa, and Lucca have harmonious faces in a high\\ndegree, and they are the greatest singers of the age. Having\\nharmony in themselves, they can give it out. Where it i\u00c2\u00ab\\nentirely absent, a person can, in no wise, give it forth.\\nThose who have no harmony in their structure cannot give\\nout the article to others. Harmonious faces succeed in\\ncapturing the hearts of thousands by their sweetness. No\\nwoman ever travelled in America who had so many admirers\\nas Jenny Lind.\\nA person possessing the constituent parts of the body in\\nbalance, by the proper adjustment of all the parts, is\\ncapable of the highest and most captivating music. Lowell\\nMason, of Boston, is a splendid type of this whilst\\nChickering, the inventor of the Chickering piano, is also\\nof musical make.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "432 HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\nThe Germans are noted for their musical abilities,\\nBeethoven, Mozart, Handel, Bach, and Hayden. were all\\nfull and well balanced. Hence the origin of their soul-\\nstirring music.\\nThere are three kinds or parts of music, the soul, the\\nscience, and the performance. Jenny Lind seems to have\\nhad the whole three parts in a high degree. It is the soul\\nof music, so to speak, which captures and entrances more\\nthan all the others. Ole Bull has a face of perfect harmony,\\nand he has said that when playing one of his most heart-\\ntouching pieces, he has felt it more than his hearers.\\nPaganini had a thin face, yet it was well proportioned, and\\nhis perfection of nature drew itself out on his skilful bow.\\nWhat on earth can so fully touch the sympathies of man\\nas some plaintive song, sung with heartfelt pathos. Even\\nthe beast has been moved by its charming power. Our\\nchurches, knowing well its talismanic influence, use it with\\nfull effect. Public meetings and private family circles\\nalike claim its aid. Theatres and all places of amusement\\npay high to secure its effect, and every house is lonely\\nwithout the power of this grand^equalizer.\\nWhen the low, melifluous, pliant notes waft across some\\nquiet river at evening s mellow hour, what mortal so poorly\\norganized that his heart beats not wilder in his breast at\\nthe sounds, as each air wavelet assures him over and over\\nagain, that his soul feeds on the perfection evolved by\\nanother.\\nAt no time has our soul risen higher in ambitious aims,\\nthan when the tones of sweetest music thrilled each fibre\\nof our body. Often in such moments have our aspirations\\nfor great good bounded higher than meridian sun, and\\ncarried judgment with them, and then! oh, then! we have\\nfelt as if melody had lifted our soul away from earth to all\\nthe bliss of heaven.\\nPope has aptly unfolded music s charms in the following", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "HARMONY OF THE HUMAN FACE.\\n433\\nbeautiful lines, which, we think, we cannot do better thtai\\nclose our present subject with:\\nBy nrisic, minds an equal temper know,\\nNor swell too high, nor ever sink too low;\\nIf in the breast tumultuous joys arise,\\nMusic her soft assuasive voice applies;\\nOr, when the soul is pressed with cares,\\nExalts her in enlivening airs.\\nWarriors she fires with animated sounds,\\nPours balm into the bleeding lover s wound* t\\nMelancholy lifts her head,\\nMorpheus rouses from his bed,\\nSloth unfolds her arms and wakes,\\nList ning envy drops her snakes\\nIntestine war no more our passions wage,\\nAnd giddy factions bear away their rago I n\\nLtjdwig von Beethoven, a distinguished Prussian musical com-\\nposer, in whose face is expressed the harmony of sound in the superlative\\ndegree as he was never married his whole soul seemed devoted to the\\ndevelopment of the science and practice of mellifluous concord.\\n28", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "MASCULINE AND FEMININE FACES.\\nThere is a sex of the soul as well as of the body. Every\\nliving creature is masculine or feminine in its inward\\nnature as well as in its outward form; and not seldom is\\nit found that a masculine spirit dwells in a woman, a\\nfeminine one in a man, and in every case the configuration,\\nespecially of the facial features, will surely indicate the\\nfact to the attentive mind. A large mouth, a beard, a\\nstrong nose, powerful chin, broad forehead, and prominent\\nbones are characteristic signs of the masculine. A small,\\nstraight nose, well cut mouth, rounded chin, moderately\\nwide and receding forehead, smooth skin, the adipose tissue\\nfilling in over the bones, and well rounding all, are forms\\nrecognized as feminine, and if observed in a man, will indi-\\ncate his gentle, soft, and yielding nature. So of other parts\\nof the boay. A man with narrow shoulders and large hips\\nhas to a certain extent the female form, and his character\\nwill correspond. The reader will notice the facial expressions\\nof men who resemble John Summerfield, or Milton the poet\\nJohn Summerfield was called the beardless boy by a sexton\\nof Boston, when he first appeared as a preacher in America;\\nthe fine feminine expression of his loving face unmistak-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "MASCULINE AND FEMININE FACES.\\n435\\nably indicated the soul within. But observe a woman\\nwno, besides the features we have described as masculine,\\nexhibits very broad shoul-\\nders, and you will find she\\npartakes largely of her\\nfather s character, or that\\nof her grandfather on her\\nfather s side of the house,\\nand consequently has mas-\\nculine traits of character.\\nSuch a woman often says\\nto herself perhaps she\\ndares to speak it aloud\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nI wish I were a man.\\nShe feels, if she does not\\nutter that great principle\\nwithin, which looks out\\nunmistakably from her\\nface, I feel my superior\\nstrength, and wish that the\\ncustoms of society would\\npermit me to assume my natural sphere in life; to be occu*\\npied as men are, in heavier, coarser, and more rigorous\\nemployment; to undertake duties, cares, and responsibilities\\nthat would fully call out and satisfy my pent-up soul.\\nAlthough I am a woman, I have the ardour, judgment, and\\nreason of a well-sexed man. Such has been the thought of\\nmany a woman, whcse strong features and masculine build\\nbetray her dispositions whether she expresses them or not.\\nCan we find any cause for the contrariety which some-\\ntimes occurs between the sex of the body and that of the\\nsoul? What gave to one woman a large nose, strong\\nmouth, broad forehead, masculine chin, and rough-lined\\nfeatures; while her sister, who has been reared in the same\\nfamily circle, with the same surrounding influences, has a\\nThe Feminine Face\\n.Rev. John Summerfield.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "436\\nMASCULINE AND FEMININE FACES.\\nfnne rounded, feminine-looking face, her head and body\\ndelicately moulded, her skin smooth, all her features be-\\nspeaking in their own soft, quiet language, that here are\\nwomanty sympathies, keen perceptions, quick sensitiveness,\\nlove, faith, imagination, all the attributes of true woman-\\nhood. The first is her father s girl. She loves to drive\\nteam, if rural life be her\\nportion,\\nbe seen\\nchasing\\nnight; or\\nOften she will\\nwith the dog,\\nthe cows at\\nshe is away\\nThe Masculine Face\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Miss Rosa Bonheu?,\\nthe noted artist of France,\\nin the early morning\\nclimbing the mountain-\\ntop to halloo to a friend\\non another summit\\nromping through fields\\nand forests at her own\\nwild will; and impatient\\nof nothing so much as\\nof inactivity. To sit\\nstill and sew is to her a\\ndreary imprisonment\\nthe duties of housework are drudgery; her true great man-\\nhood loves no restraint, dictation, or parental care. These\\ntwo girls have been distinguished by this difference, both\\nof feature and character, from their earliest years. The\\nfeminine attributes were not given to the one, or taken\\nfrom the other by any process of education or influence\\nsince first they drew the breath of life; and so we are shut\\nup to the conclusion that some controlling influences in\\ntheir mother s pregnancy have set the mark on their char-\\nacter, and stamped their whole being, the one for one course\\nof life, the other for the opposite.\\nDoubtless, while a child is in utero, the mother may exert\\nan all-powerful influence over its character, and thus mould", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "MASCULINE AND FEMININE FACES. 437\\nits Physiognomy. Many mothers in our land, understand-\\ning this principle, procure the portrait of some noble-minded\\nman, hang it in their room, look at it often, and call to\\nmind the deeds of him whom it represents, thus marking\\ntheir child more or less with the like spirit and features.\\nThousands could do the same, if they recognized the prin-\\nciple, and possessed the faith and patience requisite for\\nworking it out. Suppose a mother, when three months\\npregnant, or after the sex of her child was established,\\nshould place before her view the likeness of a boy, and\\nfixing her mind steadily on the picture, with an earnest\\nand believing desire that the child she then carried should\\nbe similar to that boy; then, if it proved a female, there\\nwould probably be considerable resemblance to the other\\nsex, and as the girl developed into womanhood, her Physi-\\nognomy would appear masculine, and her whole nature\\npossessed of much of that vigour that belongs to manhood.\\nThis is the manner in which many children are charac-\\nterized for life; and mothers cannot too earnestly consider\\nthese principles, or too carefully apply them for the benefit\\nof unborn generations.\\nPleasant surroundings for an expectant mother are of\\nimmense value to her offspring; whereas, if disagreeable\\npeople crowd about her, or any deformity is daily obtruded\\non her notice, a misshapen child may be produced in the\\nlatter case; and in the former, a sourness of temper that\\nno future influences can counteract.\\nSome children have something both of the look and\\nmanner of old people, in consequence of the mother s having\\nbeen much in the society of some aged person who made\\na strong impression on her. And as the features and\\nmanners, so the tastes of the future man or woman may\\nbe greatly influenced, if not entirely formed by impressions\\nmade on the mind of the mother previous to the birth. A", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "138 MASCULINE AND FEMININE FACES.\\nsingle impression, indeed, will not often avail much in the\\nformation either of feature or character, unless it be sudden\\nand vivid, as in the case of fright; to prove powerful and\\nlasting, they must be frequent or continuous for months,\\nA happy home, an agreeable partner, cheerful company,\\nfine paintings, music, and well-read books, will conduce to\\ngive the child harmony both of mind and bodily feature,\\nit will prevent idiotcy. and ennobie the nature of the\\nunborn homo.\\nThere are people who have features partly male and\\npartly female. Such persons exhibit phases of character\\nseemingly contradictory. There are few that they can love,\\nbut those few they love devotedly. They will generally be\\nfound sensitive, ambitious, and passionately fond of music.\\nBut where sex of soul as well as body is strongly marked,\\nwe perceive the attraction and repulsion that characterizes\\nother forces of nature. Individuals strongly marked as\\nmasculine are repelled by masculinity in others of the\\nopposite sex, but are attracted to the soft and gentle natures.\\nA large, coarse woman will be attracted to a man whose\\nfeatures bespeak a feminine soul; and vice versa. So a\\nThoroughly manly man seldom fancies an amazon; but a\\nsoft fellow adores a woman of masculine character. Que\\nseems to contain the positive, the other the negative; and\\naccording to the well-known law, two positives or two\\nnegatives repel each other; whereas a negative attracts and\\nis attracted by a positive. This attraction between the\\npositive and negative may be observed any day in large\\nfamilies. Where there are many to choose among, the two\\nbrothers, or two sisters, or brother and sister, that draw\\ntogether in the closest love and confidential friendship, are\\nnever characters of like strength or similar temper, but\\nalways contrasts. The strong natures are apt to quarrel\\nwith e ^h other, and so are the weak ones; but a rough", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "MASCULINE ANP FEMININE FACES.\\n439\\nnature and a gentle one draw close together. This law\\nof nature ought to be well understood, and respectfully\\nobeyed by persons contracting marriage. Considerations\\nof interest or convenience will prove a poor substitute\\nfor the suitability that is found in nature.\\nEgbert\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Kicg of tho West Saxons, first roonarch of all England.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "SIGNS OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH.\\nThis, of all subjects, is the one which demands at our hands\\nthe closest and most scrutinizing investigation. In order\\nto fathom its depths by logical sequence, we must turn our\\nattention to natural phenomena. First, the question has\\nbeen asked immemorially, What are the constituent signs\\nof physical strength? And need we state here that the\\nanswers in almost every instance have been more obscure\\nthan accurate. In tracing this important question on\\nscientific grounds to its base, we cull our experience from\\nclose observation and years of unremitting labour. Not\\nthe labour of books in its entirety, but that of personal\\ninspection, passed amid the mineral, animal, and vegetable\\nkingdoms. Indeed, if we would study nature s laws, we\\nmust drink from nature s cup, otherwise our knowledge in\\na great measure will be merely superficial, and wanting in\\naccuracy.\\nFor all that we learn of character, science, or art through\\nbooks, mother Nature is our only re-modeller, in point of\\nfact our true teacher, and to her we must fly if we would\\nattain that true wisdom which the marks of time can\\nneither mar nor obliterate.\\nHaving, then, got thus far with our introductory, it", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "SIGNS OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH. 441\\nremains for us now to prove that our sequence is not only\\nlogical, bat based firmly on that surest of all foundations\\nTruth.\\nNow, in order to deduce proofs of what we have endea-\\nvoured to advance, we take up the first point of our\\nassertion, and one of the most useful of all mineral\\nproductions, viz., granite. This rock has been apparently\\ndesigned by nature to enjoy a high and lasting reputation\\namong minerals. In texture it is harder than soap-stone\\nor slate, and consequently more durable, if not more flexible\\nin its construction. The physiognomical differences of\\ngranite, too, compared with shale, slate, sand, chalk, lime,\\ncoal, or any ^i the softer materials of rock, are in nature\\nthe most striking. It possesses an extremely rough surface\\nindeed, and so unlike the minerals to which we have alluded,\\nthat the. contrast is great and wonderful.\\nWithout entering further into the appearances and endur-\\nance of granite, we next take up the diamond, the most\\nvaluable of all mineral substances, and the hardest and\\nstrongest of all rocky materials. This latter, until it is cut\\ninto ornamental shape, possesses, like its predecessors, a\\nrough and uncouth exterior. Also is it thus with quartz-\\ncrystal and spar. These last productions of the mineral\\nkingdom bear a glass-like propensity of texture, and are\\nequally hard, though consisting of sharp projections which,\\nwith their smooth planes, give them more of a rough and\\nbroken appearance.\\nTherefore, laying aside the constituent parts of the\\nmineral kingdom for the present, having first adduced\\nenough of facts therefrom to explain and work out our\\ndeductions, we may now enter upon the vegetable world,\\nand unfold other evidences as the truer signs of Physical\\nStrength. The monarch of vegetable life, then, is well\\nunderstood to be the oak, and a right regal tree indeed is\\nthis gnarled and vigorous member of the woody family,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "442 SIGNS OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH.\\nshooting high and wide of its compeers in brake as in wood-\\nland. Note its rough and wonderful massiveness compared\\nwith the beech, or the pine, or the ash contrast its hard-\\nness with the smooth poplar or the graceful willow, and\\nyou are compelled at once to acknowledge that it is by far\\nthe most useful, if not the strongest and hardest of all vege-\\ntable productions.\\nThus step by step we proceed with our logical sequences\\nuntil we advance a trifle nearer the human family.\\nLet us now observe the animal kingdom as a further\\nproof of the foregoing allusions relative to Physical Strength.\\nThe next link in the chain of evidence is the lion, Anglicised\\nfrom the Latin (Leo Barbarus). This animal is considered\\nto be, and justly, too, we imagine, the strongest beast of its\\nsize in the world. Compare it then with the ox (Bovidas\\ngenus), selecting, of course, one of the same size and weight,\\nand you will perceive the rough hairy appearance of the\\nformer in wonderful contrast with the comparatively smooth\\nsurface of the latter. The difference in this respect is not\\nonly strange, but striking to the corcmon run of humanity,\\nand furnishes the intelligent food for well digested reflection.\\nThe subject, to the general reader, is also comprehensive\\nand important.\\nNow, by these fundamental deductions, you will observe\\nthat a rough exterior among animals, rocks, and vegetation\\nis, at least, one indicative sign of Physical Strength. But\\nwe proceed to prove a far better ar-^iogy yet, and, indeed,\\none which will bear tracing through all the various grades\\nof organic and inorganic life. In proof of what we assert,\\nwe will once more dwell upon the mineral creation and add\\nanother link to the yet severed chain of our connection?.\\nFor instance, take the diamond, the richest jewel of all the\\nmineral species. Compare it with the slate. The one is a\\nbroad form of stone of extraordinary hardness and brilliancy,\\nwhile the other is flaky and will readily divide into long", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "SIGNS OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH. 443\\nthin stripes which are as easily broken with but slight pro-\\nvocation.\\nThis is the case with almost everything of a very weak\\ntexture, unless it possesses great powers of elasticity, or is\\nkept in constant action by other forces, through which\\nmeans it sometimes becomes firmly imbedded together.\\nAction, we assert, is the great condenser of nature s mineral\\narteries; therefore we perceive that granite, on the other\\nhand, unlike its far-removed relation slate, is a broad and\\nvigorous stone, if we may use the expression, and will not\\nso readily yield to the cleaver s iron and maul as will its\\nsofter and less condensed kindred. The slate being more\\nsectional than solid, is hence liable to be sundered with less\\neffort. Diamonds being the hardest, if not densest, of\\nminerals, are in consequence broad in proportion to their\\nlength. Again, the oak tree is broad and short compared to\\nthe pine or poplar, and, as our deductions go to prove, far\\nstronger than either of the foregoing. Also is the manseneta\\nof California very low, broad, and extremely hard. The\\nstrength of its fibre is known to be remarkable, and its\\ndurability wonderful. Again we have the weird and\\nknotted elm, with many of the qualites of the oak, being\\nlike it broad and low, and in comparison with poplar, pine,\\nsequoya, or fir, apparently ten times a strong and tough in\\nits texture.\\nHaving thus far worked out our assertions relative to the\\nmost striking signs ot Physical Strength evidenced in the\\nphysiognomical relations of the mineral and vegetable\\nkingdoms, we once more revert to the animal creation.\\nTo retain the thread of our reasoning and make our\\nanalogy plainer to the general reader, we assert that the\\nlion s strength and courage is based on the plan upon which\\nhe is built, and that is the low and broad principle. First,\\nhis face is wide and short, while his foot is as equal in it*\\nbreadth as in its length. The wide, deep quality which", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "444 SIGNS OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH.\\ngives strength is the peculiarity which pervades his nose,\\nhead, and entire frame. Compare a lion with the an tie red\\ndeer, or the timid rabbit with the ferocious bear, or even\\nthe gentle giraffe with the treacherous and merciless tiger,\\nand you will immediately perceive that breadth of neck,\\nhead, face, feet, body, and entire make produces strength.\\nThe grizzly bear, the fiercest and most destructive animal\\non the American Continent, built also on the broad and\\nmassive principle, has been known repeatedly to carry off\\nan ox or mule, weighing several hundred weight, over rocky\\nand broken land; and indeed in numerous instances has\\nthis animal been observed to walk along a dangerous log\\nextended across a precipitous chasm with a full-grown horse\\nin his mouth. But the tiger is another example of this\\ntremendous muscular power and fierce energy; and when\\ncompared to the round and puny build of a sheep, the\\ncontrast is no less astonishing than striking. The tiger, of\\nall animals, is perhaps the most active. His strength is\\nproverbial. Indeed, he has been often known to prostrate\\nand kill an ox, a zebra, or even pallah with a single stroke\\nof his foot.\\nNow for the last, but not least of our proofs, on the\\nsubject of Physical Strength. The main link of the great\\ncreation is man. The link that binds our philosophical,\\nbut as yet severed connections in this article, is also\\nman, the most glorious, the most perfect work of the\\nCreator. Men, then, who are notedly strong among their\\nfellows, are constructed on the wide plan. An illustra-\\ntion of this, which, by the way, comes accidentally across\\nour memory while we write, is Dr. Windship, of Boston,\\na man of most extraordinary physical powers, broad and\\ndeep through the chest, having hands and feet in unison\\nwith the make of his body. In this gentleman the\\nbroad and massive is in every way predominant. In\\nthe gladiatorial bouts of Rome s most glorious days, when", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "SIGNS OF PHYSICAL STRENGTH.\\n445\\nher oouncib swayed half the then known world, nr?\\nathletes were distinguished by those infallible marks i\u00c2\u00bbf\\nstrength, breadth of neck, face, head, shoulders, hands,\\nfeet, limbs, and entire structure. Then having so far\\nillustrated our subject and drawn upon facts which cannot\\nbe controverted, we must hence infer in the sequence that\\nthe wide form of construction is the true indicator of\\nPhysical Strength. Roughness of face is also an index of\\nthe same in men and animals. The laws of nature are\\ngeneral and uncontrovertible, and as surely apply to the\\nuniverse of forms, whether we comprehend them or not.\\nAlexander III. Emperor of Russia, is tall and powerfully built, pos-\\nsessing herculean physical strength with his fingers he can roll a silver\\nrouble like a scroll.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "PHYSICAL LABOUR.\\nHaving long observed that some races of men, as well as\\nmany classes of people, are naturally and constitutionally\\naverse to physical labour, I have been led to observe\\nclosely the facial and bodily signs that indicate a love of\\ncorporeal exertion.\\nThe anti-industrial central point of the world is Arabia:\\nfor, on every side, branching out to the east and west, we\\nfind industry making progress, while, in Arabia, centuries\\npass away without any improvement, save what has been\\nintroduced, almost by compulsion, by foreigners. The trade\\ncarried on by exports of coffee, dates, figs, spices, and drugs,\\nthough still considerable, is said to be only a shadow of the\\nold commerce which existed before the circumnavigation of\\nAfrica, or when Aden was in its prime, and the Red Sea\\nwas the great commercial route. Arabia has few manu-\\nfactures, but carries on a transit trade in foreign fabrics,\\nbesides importing these, to some extent, for its own\\nnecessities. Few nations have approached so near as the\\nArabs to the condition of standing still in a moral, social,\\nand industrial point of view. Considering how little pro-\\ngress has been made, it is remarkable that a greater\\ndegeneracy has not taken place.\\nThe southern slave owners of North America were very\\nmuch addicted to indulge in listless idleness and give way", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "PHYSICAL LABOUR. 447\\nto their love of repose. They disliked toil to such an\\nextent that they used every available means to avoid it\\nif possible.\\nThe North American Indians are naturally averse to\\ndrudgery, and evince energy only in their predaceous\\npursuits. This is indicated by their wide cheekbones,\\nwhich are connected with the respiratory air passages, and\\nevince, by their largeness, that the lungs also are large, and\\ngive vigour for the development of predaceous energy.\\nIn Scotland especially, as well as in the north of England,\\nand Ulster in Ireland, in Prussia, in the State of Ohio in\\nAmerica, as well as among northerners generally, we find\\na love of physical labour and active performance of duty\\nenergetically. The ostensible signs of these tendencies and\\nqualities are manifest in the prominent bones and well\\ndefined and developed muscles over the entire corporeal\\nframe. When we find large hands without an abundance\\nof adipose tissue, and a bony face with a muscular expres-\\nsion, we may feel assured that labour is a pleasure to those\\nwho are so constituted. The slave owners of America had\\nsmall hands and small or narrow cheek or malar bones\\nand well-rounded faces, from the bones being small and\\nwell-rounded with fat. In their bodies, the muscles were\\nnot, as a general fact, so well developed and sinewy as those\\nof the labouring, energetic, industrious men of the north.\\nThe climate, in connection with the system of slavery,\\nsuperinduced among the masters in the south the love of\\nease, and predisposed them to repose. This indolence and\\nlistlessness became heightened by the manners and customs\\nthat gradually crept in among them, and developed their\\nsensual propensities to an unhealthy extent, working their\\nmoral as well as their physical deterioration.\\nTwo of the most easily observed features of the human\\nface that mark the industriously and .laboriously inclined,\\nare a prominent protruding chin in connection with nro-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "448 PHYSICAL LABOUR.\\nminent cheek-bones. Observe, also, that labour expands\\nthe shoulders and widens the palms of the hands, and thus\\neyinces the practice of physical effort, and this naturally\\nbegets a propensity to take pleasure in laborious occupa-\\ntions. Milnes essentially sympathized with this progressive\\nnature when he wrote\\nLet us go forth and resolutely dare\\nWith sweat of brow to toil our little day,\\nAnd if a tear fall on the task of care\\nIn memory of those spring hours passed away,\\nBrush it not by\\nOur hearts to God! to brother men,\\nAnd labour, blessing, prayer, and then to these a sign n\\nKingsley s advice beautifully expresses the sentiment of the\\nearnest worker:\\nDo what thou dost as if the earth were heaven,\\nAnd that thy last day were the judgment day.\\nIt is a general law in our nature that when any faculty\\nhas by cultivation enlarged to a strong degree, it invariably\\ndemands scope for exercise in a similar manner to that by\\nwhich the development was produced. Having struck one\\nblow, we can more readily strike another; and the more we\\nbecome accustomed to striking, the more natural we feel it\\nto exercise our feracious powers. Thus, in the course of\\ntime, it becomes a pleasure instead of a drudgery. What\\nlabouring people consider a pleasure, the idle and indolent\\ncall slavery.\\nPhysical labour enlarges and develops various portions\\nof the body. Stooping labour widens the cheek-bones\\n(mala ossia,), lengthens the under jaw, shortens and enlarges\\nthe occipital process, protrudes the lower part of the fore-\\nhead, and widens the hands, feet, and shoulders. Hence,\\nin accordance with the principles before mentioned, these\\nenlargements are Nature s recorded evidences of the ability", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "PHYSICAL LABOUK. 449\\nand inclination to physical exertion. Examples by thou-\\nsands may be found among gymnasts, athletes, pugilists,\\noarsmen, and every class of physical labourers. Those who\\nnever labour, never desire to do so; and their narrow faces,\\nthin hands and feet, and contracted shoulders are manifesta-\\ntions of their leisure-loving natures. How the hands and\\nfeet will diminish may plainly be seen in all young men\\nwho are reared to hard work on a farm, but upon entering\\na shop, store, or lawyer s office to earn a livelihood, half\\na score of years will suffice to narrow their structure, and\\nnot only make them consider physical toil displeasing, but\\nrender their framework as sure a tell-tale of the deterioration\\nas untongued Nature can become in revealing any of her\\ngreat principles.\\nUnfortunately for the future of the race, there is a grow-\\ning aversion to physical labour among the young of both\\nsexes in the present age. This is plainly evinced by the\\nshoulders being much narrower and the forms slimmer than\\nwere those of the young of the last century. Look for a\\nmoment at the fine physical development of the Germans.\\nEvery man of them must learn one of the industrial trades,\\nno matter how high his rank. It is well known that the\\npresent Emperor of Germany regularly learned the trade\\nof a carpenter. Then their physique is still further\\ndeveloped by the compulsory army drill that must be\\nundergone by every young man of sound constitution. On\\nthe other hand, the girls engage in domestic and outdoor\\nwork until their forms take the national characteristic\\nmould of broad shoulders and ample womanly chests.\\nThe lassitude and yawning listlessness incident to idle-\\nness can be dispelled by earnest and well-directed exertion\\nin manual dexterity. Whenever you see a young woman\\nfaint in a church, one of two epithets may safely be app-\\nlied to her lazy or diseased. Parents that are too\\ntender do more to promote sickness and disease than at]\\n2f", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "450 PHYSICAL LABOUR.\\nthe world besides. The fond, indulgent mother may be\\nheard saying: There now, daughter, you sit dowa and I\\nwill do the work. Thus the mother goes on, day after\\nday, toiling and striving with the whole burden of domestic\\ncares, while the idle and selfish daughter, were she properly\\ntrained, might relieve her of half her labour, and besides\\nrender her own life much more happy by the double plea-\\nsure of helping her parent and preparing herself for her own\\nfuture domestic duties. This is not all; for the daughter\\nacting thus would feel life a pleasure, and ward off the\\ninevitable consequences of sloth and listlessness, disease\\nand a premature grave, over which the epitaph might be\\nwritten: Here lies the victim of idleness, who died of\\ninanition. How wasted looking she became; how narrow\\nand slim her form in every feature.\\nYoung man, accept and lay to heart the advice of experi-\\nence, and never let your affections settle upon any one until\\nyou can find and fancy a good, strong, broad-bodied, well-\\ndeveloped maid, with a countenance full of buxom health\\nand cheerfulness, who can heartily reciprocate your affec-\\ntion. This form of person is by nature and cultivation\\nmore happy than a narrow, sharp-faced individual. The\\nvery law of industry leads us on to contentment, while its\\nduties give the broad build to the young; and when that\\nform is once attained, it becomes a real pleasure to exert\\noneself, because it is in true harmony with one s nature.\\nNothing is distasteful that is in true harmony with one s\\ninterior being. How much happier is the agriculturist and\\nmanufacturer than the man of leisure who lends money and\\nis constantly fretting his hours away from fear of loss. The\\nservant is more happy than his master, since he labours\\nharder and has less care and anxiety. The laws of our\\nbeing inexorably demand labour; and, when the normal\\nrequirements of nature are heeded, she is no niggard in her\\nawards of happiness but when they are ignored, pain and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "PHYSICAL LABOUR. 451\\nmisery attend us. The servant can cheerfully toil while his\\nmaster demurely and listlessly counts the tedious hours as\\nhis life of misery ebbs away.\\nThen, since labour is a necessity to the well-being of\\nevery one, we easily see its importance, and learn that its\\nsigns are the effects of effort. Hence the process is easy\\nof tracing up through the effects to the causes, and compre-\\nhending why those signs portray the natural disposition.\\nWhatever we have most of, we enjoy its use best. This is\\nthe same principle that causes the miser, whose wealth is\\nextensive, to wish for more. La Rochefoucauld truthfully\\nexpresses the power of labour to promote happiness:\\nBodily labour alleviates the pains of the mind and hence\\narises the happiness of the poor.\\nNow we glance at some of the ancient peoples who rose\\nto power and eminence by their physical training as well\\nas by their mental capacity, which mainly resulted from\\nthe former.\\nThe education of the ancient Greeks was more of a\\nphysical than of a mental kind. The gj^mnasium was that\\nof the athlete, not that of the didas kalos or preceptor.\\nYoung children were, until about their sixth year, trained\\nat home under females, but were then sent to the schools\\nunder the charge of private tutors or pcedagogi. The duty\\nof the pedagogue was rather to keep his wards from out-\\nward injury and bad companions, than to teach them the\\naccomplishments of grammar, music, and gymnastics, the\\nfavourite studies in those days. The Greeks bestowed\\nmore time and attention on the gymnastic training of their\\nyouth than on all the other departments put together.\\nThere was no such thing as a Greek city of any size or\\nimportance which did not boast at least one gymnasium.\\nAthens had three great public gymnasia the Academia,\\nLyceum, and Cynosarges, besides numerous private ones\\non a smaller scale. Solon considered these institutions of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "452 PHYSICAL LABOUR.\\neo much importance as to draw up a special code of laws\\nfor their management. Their administration was entrusted\\nto a gymnasiarch, whose duties were to watch and control\\nthe youth, place them under proper teachers, conduct the\\nperiodical games and festivals, and pay the athletes whom he\\ntrained for them. In Athens the number of gymnasiarchs\\nappears to have been ten. Besides these, there were the\\nofficers called Aliptce, or anointers, whose duty it was to\\nprepare the youth for the day s exercise, by anointing them\\nwith oil and then sprinkling them with dust. The exercises\\ntaught were pretty much the same over the whole of Greece,\\nthough they seem to have been carried out with somewhat\\ndifferent views. The Spartans looked upon them as a sort\\nof initiation into the sterner realities of warfare; while the\\nAthenians not only made them subserve this end, but also\\nused them as a means for imparting grace to the action\\nand movement to the limbs. The chief games of the\\ngymnasium were foot-races, jumping, leaping, quoits, wrest-\\nling, boxing, dancing, c, while the younger pupils practised\\nalso with balls, tops, and a variety of other games similar\\nto those in vogue among the youth of modern times.\\nIt would occupy too much space to describe with any-\\nthing like minuteness the Grecian games, which were among\\nthem from time immemorial; but we may just state the\\ngeneral facts, that they were very numerous, and are\\ntraceable by tradition back to the earliest periods of Grecian\\ncivilization. Indeed, much of the obscurity that rests on\\ntheir origin is in consequence, and a sign of their high and\\neven mythic antiquity. But we may just mention, that\\nthe most celebrated of them were the Olympic, the Pythian,\\nthe Nemean, and the Isthmian games, which were distin-\\nguished by the appellation of sacred.\\nThe gymnastic exercises were prescribed in a well-\\nplanned systematic series, beginning with the easier, and\\nproceeding to the more difficult. Some of these were spe-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "PHYSICAL LABOUR. 453\\ncially fitted to give strength, others agility; some educated\\nthe hands, others the feet. Among the lighter exercises\\nwere reckoned running, leaping, quoiting, and hurling the\\njavelin. When skill had been attained in these, and the\\nconsequent strength, then followed a severer course of\\ndiscipline. The simple course was wrestling and boxing;\\nthe compound course consisted of (1,) The Pentathlon\\n(or five contests made up of the union of running,\\nleaping, quoiting, wrestling, and hurling the spear; and,\\n(2,) the Pankration (or general trial of strength which\\nconsisted of wrestling and boxing.\\nThese games, taken in connection with the early and\\nlong training by which they were preceded, and of which\\nthey were both the natural result and reward, were a grand\\neducational system, bearing primarily, indeed, in favour of\\nthe physical development, but also tending directly and\\npowerfully to advance the intellectual and moral culture.\\nThe exercises through which the child, the youth, and the\\nman were, stage by stage, conducted, each in succession\\nbecoming difficult and more complex, as the bodily powers\\ncame into play and acquired vigour, were admirably adapted\\nto give that union of strength and beauty in which physical\\nperfection consists, and in which the Greeks probably sur-\\npassed every other known people.\\nSolon s high estimate of the paramount importance of\\nthese games has been already alluded to; but here we would\\nfurther state that this estimate is still more strongly per-\\nceived in the designation and functions of two other officers\\nappointed under Solon s laws, in the conduct of the\\ngymnasia. The first was the Kosmetes, whose name comes\\nfrom a word (kqqjaoq) signifying order and beauty, and\\nwhose office consisted in the special superintendence of\\neverything fitted to further these high qualities; the other\\nofficer was termed Sophronistes, and his business was still\\nmore intimately conducive to informing the mind, since, as", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "454 PHYSICAL LABOUR.\\nhis designation (from aui^pwv) proves, he was required to\\nguide the pupils to a^^pocrvvt} (sophrosyne), a term for\\nwhich there is no English equivalent, but which may\\napproximately be rendered by sound-mindedness. The\\nfullest and best information on this interesting and vitally\\nimportant subject is to be found in Krause s Die Gymnastik\\nund Agonistik der Hellenen; and in his Die Pythien,\\nNerneen, und Isthmien: Leipzig, 1841.\\nAmong the Romans, the amusements of the circus did\\nnot materially differ from the Greek agones or contests\\ncelebrated at Olympia, Delphi, and elsewhere, and were\\ncertainly of a nobler kind than the frightful gladiatorial\\nfights of the amphitheatres. The Romans, however, became\\nmuch more brutal in their tastes and public amusements\\nthan the Greeks, and at last became almost wholly addicted\\nto gladiatorial and wild-beast combats.\\nLet it be carefully and earnestly pondered, as one of the\\nmost important facts educed from a comparative history of\\nall nations, ancient and modern, that all those peoples who\\nhave cultivated the active industrial arts, tending to\\ndevelop their physical forms and faculties, have risen\\nhighest in the scale of civilization, and been freest from\\npoverty, disease, and insanity. It is only a matter of yes-\\nterday that Physical Education has been thought of among\\nthe English-speaking nations. Having bethought them-\\nselves, they have been pondering the wholesome example\\nand practices of some of the celebrated ancient nations,\\nespecially the Greeks, and in modern times the Germans.\\nWe need only point to the immense superiority of these\\nnationalities over the rest of the world, in social and physi-\\ncal development, to feel assured of carrying conviction to\\nevery candid mind as to the enormous advantages accruing\\nfrom the training of the human frame to active and vigorous\\nindustrial habits. Hitherto, Physical Education has been\\nleft far too much to nature and chance; and we owe it", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "PHYSICAL LABOUR. 455\\nmainly to the improved condition of medical science that\\npublic attention has been called to the deficiency. It in-\\ncludes, first of all, the essential conditions of health, such\\nas cleanliness, fresh air, exercise, diet, alternate periods ol\\nlabour and recreation; secondly, the strengthening and\\nproper development of the bodily powers by means of\\ndrilling, marching, and gymnastic exercises; thirdly, the\\nformation of certain useful habits, which, after a time,\\nbecome almost instinctive. Hand-writing is a fine example\\nof a habit of this kind, which can be impressed once and\\nforever on the nervous system the power of rapid perform-\\nance on musical instruments is another faculty dependent\\non the same kind of physical training. Easy and graceful\\ndeportment, again, is a trained habit; so also is clear and\\ncorrect verbal articulation. In fact, wherever physical\\naction is required of such a nature that it may be trans-\\nferred by habit from a voluntary act to a reflex one, there\\nthe use of physical education becomes evident; for every\\ngood habit which is thus formed and fixed by early train-\\ning, whether it be a useful accomplishment, or a graceful\\ndeportment, or a facility of correct expression, or any kind\\nof musical dexterity, is just so much power actually treas-\\nured up in the nervous system, which can be brought forth\\nand applied at any moment, as if it were a kind of animated\\nmachinery, and that, too, without any trouble or any sense\\nof fatigue to the possessor. Addison s observation is worth\\nrepeating here. He says: Manufactures, trade, and agri-\\nculture, naturally employ more than nineteen parts of the\\nspecies in twenty; and as for those who are not obliged to\\nlabour, by the condition in which they are born, they are\\nmore miserable than the rest of mankind, unless they\\nindulge themselves in that voluntary labour which goes by\\nthe name of exercise.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY ON THE\\nHUMAN FACE.\\nUnaspiring and nebulous faces are often met with in\\nsociety, and more especially among the wealthy. Their\\nexpressionless smoothness has never been broken by torna-\\ndoes of thought or intense application. Many of the young\\nmay be seen who are called beautiful, and those individuals\\npresent faces only of the smooth and undefined form, which\\nis the image of their minds. Inaction and idleness of the\\nphysical and mental forces bring on roundness of features\\nwhich are ever unmistakable signs of nonentity. They\\nmay be compared to a bombshell with burning fuse, round\\nand pretty to behold, but not good company.\\nIt requires long hours, yea, years, of patient and earnest\\nlabour, to acquire facial marks expressive of gigantic think-\\ning power. Nearly all mankind are naturally fond of\\nleisure and enjoyment, and as ease is most generally found\\namongst the wealthy, so expressionless faces are most\\ncommonly seen in that sphere of society. Labour chisels\\nthe features into clearness and cheerfulness of expression,\\nwhereas idleness will turn the most expressive and beauti-\\nful features into listless, sad and undefined, clam-like\\nsmoothness. Many boys, when grown, carry faces with\\nexpressions of emptiness and inertia of mind. They go", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY ON THE HUMAN FACE. 457\\nabroad to earn a living for themselves, and after twenty,\\nor even ten years, return to their friends with faces furrowed\\nby the plough of experience. The deep wrinkles have been\\ncut across the brow the nose has grown higher on the\\nbridge the nostrils have opened largely the chin has\\nbecome more broad and far-reaching the lips having learned\\nto keep their own secrets, are firmly compressed lines like\\ndiverging rays of light surround the e} 7 es; the round, full\\ncheek of childhood nestles no longer there, and all is changed\\nfrom boy to manhood. His face tells no falsehood, as it is\\nDiogenes, a cynic philosopher, whose mental industry has rarely,\\nif ever, been equalled.\\nGod s truth, and he, overflowing with strength and nature s\\nnobility, walks forth the highest type of man, self-made.\\nOthers remain boys in mind until forty, or even through a\\nlife-time, undeveloped because they shunned the. means of\\naccomplishing their highest maturing. Children s faces are\\noften seen on men and women of thirty and forty years of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "45 THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY ON THE HUMAN FACE.\\nage Their lives have been as smooth as glass. The great\\ntrials of the world, which are immense furnaces to try the\\nmetal of men, have not purified and turned them to steel.\\nThe more lead is melted and cooled, the more free from\\ndross it becomes the more men have touched the antipodes\\nof sorrowing sympathy, or repellant hatred, the less worth-\\nless material they contain. Fleshy, round, smooth faces, are\\nsignificant of ease-loving and inactive minds. An old adage\\namong the ancients was, that a lean and wrinkled face\\nevinced great wisdom.\\nIt is true to a great ex-\\ntent, that all original\\nmen of great mental\\nlabour have carried faces\\nrather spare and well\\nlined.\\nTo think gives an\\naction, to storm with\\nthought requires great\\naction; the great emotion\\nswings the facial muscles\\none against another, pro-\\nducing deep wrinkles;\\nand years of wonderful\\napplication and mental J\\neffort leave deep indent-\\nations and well-defined\\nmarks on the Physiog-\\nnomy of man; as active\\nwaters of former years\\nhave left their deep gullies on the Physiognomy of earth.\\nPhysiognomists call these wrinkles on mankind beautiful,\\nas they are recorded evidences of a life of industry and\\nvirtue.\\nIn looking over six hundred photographs of noted rogues\\nLucius Annseus Seneca, a celebrated Ro-\\nman philosopher, with well-defined lines?\\nindicative of years of consecutive mental\\nindustry.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY ON THE HUMAN FACE. 459\\nin the rogue s gallery in San Francisco, I observed that\\nthey were nearly all wrinkleless, and of round, full, expres-\\nsionless faces. This peculiarity of features would scientifi-\\ncally testify to an utter, or nearly an entire absence of\\ncharacter. As it takes much character to make a man\\nthoroughly honest, so they have too little to give lines\\nof honesty.\\nPeople who live industrious lives are usually most moral,\\nand out of a knowledge of this fact sprang the truthful\\nsaying, that idleness is Satan s workshop.\\nWhen visiting the penitentiaries of various States, that\\nfact has been made apparent by the records of those several\\nplaces of punishment, that many of those criminals were\\nformerly loafers, without even a trade by which to earn an\\nhonourable living.\\nA Scotchman, of Edinburgh, a remarkable example of physical industry.\\nIndustry may be compared to the running brook, which", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "i GO THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY ON THE HUMAN FACE.\\nis ever pure, or purifying itself; whereas idleness is the\\nstagnant pool retaining all filth, and ever ready to receive\\nmore.\\nThere are many men and women who are well-born and\\namply educated, but who, not being compelled to labour,\\nsettle down into characterless nothings, and become cess-\\npools to catch the vices of those who surround them.\\nEarnest, ardent, and interesting labour will develop char-\\nacter, and that character will produce wrinkles. Hence,\\nthose who would lead lives of honour and usefulness, shun-\\nning vice and crime, let your aim ever be to cast off the\\nscum of idleness which only gathers on still water:*, never\\nshading the purity of the dashing stream.\\nPaul Gustaye Dore, a French designer and engraver, whose face\\nshows strength rather than delicacy a power and wealth of imagination\\nmore than impassionable sentimentality.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS OF PHYSICAL\\nENDURANCE.\\nFrom the Latin word durus, hard, we have formed the\\nEnglish terms durable, durability, endure, endurance, because\\nit has been remarked with respect to all substances in\\nnature animal, vegetable, and mineral that the more hard\\nthey are, that is, the more compactly put together their\\nparticles, the more wear and tear they are capable of\\nsustaining. The hardest, and, therefore, most imperishable\\nof all known substances is the diamond; and scientific men\\nreckon nine lesser degrees of hardness among minerals\\ndown to talc, which is the softest. Any of these, however,\\nare harder than vegetable substances; among which the oak,\\nash, elm, chestnut, walnut, beech, birch, c, called hard\\nwoods, have been proved to bear much more wear and tear\\nthan those denominated soft woods. Among animals, we\\nfind those to be the most hardy that have the least soft\\nmaterial, and the most hard in their composition fat being\\nthe softest, the muscle much harder, and the bones hardest\\nof all. Fat (adipose) is a reservoir of nourishment in case\\nof long fasting or sickness, ana is conspicuous in the hump\\nof the camel but it gives no power of enduring labour and\\nfatigue. Horses are not considered tit for the race-course if\\nthey are at all in an adipose condition and those of Sahara,\\nnever much troubled with this quality, are still further\\nreduced before joining an ostrich hunt which is the\\nseverest ordeal to which they are subject. So it is the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "462 PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS OF PHYSICAL ENDURANCE.\\nlean hound, and not the fat dog, that is chosen to pursue\\nthe game, not merely on the ground of his swiftness, but\\nhis power of continued exertion. In the human race, we find\\nthat very fat persons are naturally puffed and out of breath\\nafter the least unusual exertion also that they never\\nattain to old age, and are very liable to apoplexy whereas\\nthose that endure well the toils of an industrious life, and\\nbecome examples of extreme longevity, are persons of what\\nis called a moderate habit of body.\\nBones being the hardest of all the materials entering into\\nthe constitution of the human body, we naturally expect,\\nand find it so in fact, that the larger these are, the greater\\nthe power of physical endurance. A man may not be tall,\\nyet have broad, heavy bones; or he may be tall, and have\\nlarge bones in proportion to the size of muscle. Such a one\\nwill be capable of greater exertion and will endure more\\nfatigue than one whose bones and muscles are more\\nequally developed; because the bones, being harder than\\nthe muscles, are the more enduring substance. People\\nthus constituted may not live so long as those of the\\nrounder, life-giving form; but they will more easily\\nsustain a hard day s march, fatiguing labour, prolonged\\nfasting, or mental grief, than those of any other build.\\nSuch men exhibit well-marked outlines in their features;\\nthe face somewhat hard and angular; the nose always\\nprominent; the eye-bones sharp and jutting out like the\\nover-hanging cliffs of a waterfall\\nThe camel (C. Bactrianus) is capable of more endurance\\nthan any other of the quadrupeds employed by man. How\\nhis bones stand out! how large are his joints! What an\\nuncouth looking animal altogether! He can traverse the\\nburning sands of the desert day after da} without tasting\\nfood or refreshing himself with drink and this with a\\nburden of perhaps a thousand pounds weight; performing\\na journey of hundreds of miles at the rate of two and one-\\nhalf miles an hour.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS OF PHYSICAL ENDURANCE. 463\\nLess unsightly than the camel, but more bony and homely-\\nlooking than the horse (E. Gaballws), is the ass (E. Asiiius),\\nand much more patient of continued fatigue.\\nSo we find homely, bony faces in mankind to be evidences\\nof great power o\u00c2\u00a3 endurance, both as to body and mind.\\nAbraham Lincoln was a remarkable example of this con-\\nfiguration. He is said to have gone through the severest\\nagricultural labour in early life, and to have gained the\\nsoubriquet of the railsplitter, by performing the feat of\\nsplitting 3000 rails in. one day. In his after career, he was\\npre-eminently distinguished for fortitude in suffering, as\\nwell as activity and perseverance in doing whatever fell to\\nhis lot.\\nThe persistent exertion which Weston, the pedestrian,\\nrequires to use in order to walk a hundred and twelve miles\\nin twenty-four hours, is rarely if ever equalled. His walk\\nof four hundred miles in five days, which he accomplished,\\nas he did the other of a hundred and twelve in twenty-foui\\nhours, is sufficient proof of his powers of endurance. Hia\\nface and figure is at once skin and bony. The slightnes?\\naffords hirn activity, the osteogeny insures the power of\\ncontinuance. Andrew Jackson was another man formed te\\nendure hardship, as was evinced in the osteous structure of\\nhis frame. When but thirteen years of age he fought under\\nSumter, and continued in the army until the end of the\\nwar of independence. At a later period, when the Creek\\nIndians broke out in hostilities, he raised a volunteer force\\nof two or three thousand men to defeat them, and, when\\nprovisions failed, set his men an example of endurance by\\nfeeding on hickory nuts, whence the soubriquet of Old\\nHickory. His political life was marked by a steady and\\npowerful resistance of all opposition, and his presidency\\nby singular firmness in carrying out whatever his judgment\\napproved. Wellington is known to have rode the little\\nhorse Copenhagen for seventeen consecutive hours on the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "464 PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS OF PHYSICAL ENDURANCE.\\nfield of Waterloo, and to have declared he was as spirited\\nand fresh as the animal, which kicked up on his dismount-\\ning. This celebrated general was rather of small stature,\\nbut bony, well-muscled, and so hardy that he received the\\nsoubriquet of the Iron Duke.\\nHe, therefore, that would live long, and be capable of\\ndoing much while he lives, should avoid all that self-\\nindulgence which brings on the heavy, soft, adipose con-\\nformation. He may not be able to render his bones large\\nand prominent; but he may generally avoid overloading\\nhimself with fat, and losing his manly energies in habits of.\\nluxurious ease and self-indulgence.\\nWilliam Cullen Bryant, one of the most celebrated of American\\npoets, an exceedingly close observer of all the phenomena throughout\\nnature, yet a vast current of philosophy ran through his verse and prose,\\nwhich embody multitudes of details interwoven with epigrammatic f elicit^\\ninto the purest and most beautiful English.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "MARKS OF LONGEVITY.\\nAt the forty-third annual meeting of the British Association\\nfor the Advancement of Science, held in Edinburgh during\\nthe month of August, 1871, the subject of Longevity\\nwsls touched upon, though very sparingly discussed. The\\nspeakers according to a not uncommon practice among\\nour modern so-called scientific teachers confined them-\\nselves chiefly to facts for the most part such as could be\\nculled from the daily newspapers, avoiding, as if with\\nintent, the trouble of ascertaining the principles or reasons\\non which the inducted facts were based. They were loud\\nas to results, but the why of the results the only thing\\none would imagine with which men of science, as such, have\\nto do does not. seem to have occupied even a moiety of\\ntheir attention. They made certain statements relative to\\neffects which had come directly or indirectly under their\\nown notice, but left the causes on which the effects de-\\npended for their existence nearly or completely untouched.\\nIt is as if they had gravely stated that a stone thrown\\nup into the air was sure to come down again, without\\nmaking reference to that law by which the earth attracts\\nto its centre bodies within a certain radius which are lighter\\nthan itself; or as if they had solemnly averred that the\\nhardy lichen was the only plant which could thrive at\\n2g", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "4:66 MARKS OF LONGEVITY.\\nthe height of 18,225 feet above the level of the ocean,\\nwithout referring to those peculiarities in the lichen which\\naccount for its growth in a region where other plants\\n^ould wither and die. It is not enough for scientific\\npurposes, or for practical purposes, to tell us that certain\\nmen lived to an extremely old age; for such a statement,\\nunsupported by the results of philosophical research, is\\nonly calculated to make those whose friends do not reach\\na long term of years, dissatisfied with their circum-\\nstances and ungrateful to nature. What kind of build\\nhad these long-lived men? What was the nature of\\nthe food they took into their systems What were\\ntheir general and particular habits? How were they\\ntreated when they were young? And may other men, by\\nusing the same food, and accustoming themselves to the\\nsame habits, avoid a middle age or early death and live\\nto the same age? These, and other questions lying on\\nthe same plane of things, we would expect to have\\nanswered when the subject is broached by scientific pro-\\nfessors, and not the bald statement, which must be as\\nevident to any newspaper -reading schoolboy as to the\\nmost philosophic among philosophers, that certain men\\nhave reached an uncommonly great age before giving up\\nthe ghost.\\nIt was stated by Mr. in a paper which he read\\nbefore the above Association, that he had observed a\\nsort of silvery expression, with apparently great toughness\\nof the skin, which he deemed an essential peculiarity in\\npersons over ninety, and these marks were given as\\nPhysiognomical signs of Longevity. So far so good. But\\nwhat is it that produces this silvery expression, and\\nwnat is the cause of the toughness of skin observed\\nin people over ninety years of age? These are the pro-\\nblems which Mr. ought to have solved, but which\\nhe cooiiy ignored. It is true he mentioned that the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "MARKS OF LONGEVITY. 467\\nold people Teferred to did not use tobacco; but did he attri-\\nbute the Physiognomical signs of which he had spoken to\\nthis fact? Nay, he did not so much as think it worthy of\\nbeing suggested that tobacco was injurious to the human\\nsystem, and must, as a necessary consequence, do much\\nin the way of shortening life. Nor did he make the\\nslightest allusion to the nature of the food on which the\\nindividuals to whom he referred had subsisted, neither\\ndid he consider it within his province to refer to the\\ntough-skinned people s general habits. Thus we see men\\nflimbing the wall of science, or at least pretending to do\\nso, while they are living in the grossest ignorance of the\\nmaterial of which that wall is constructed, and the kind\\nof foundation on which it is based.\\nTo sustain life to an old age requires in man or animal\\nstrong vital powers, in order that the system in all its\\nparts may be furnished with a sufficient quantity of healthy\\nblood; for without a sufficiency of healthy blood there can\\nbe no harmonious, healthy action of the faculties, and where\\nthis healthy action of the faculties does not take place,\\nthat physical strength which is necessary for long endur-\\nance cannot possibly exist. When a lamp goefi out, it is\\nbecause it lacks combustible substance, viz, oil; and\\nso it is with the lamp of life. When a man dies a natural\\ndeath, the proximate cause of his death is a want of healthy\\nblood which constitutes the substratum of human life. So\\nlong as the body is supplied with good blood, so long does\\nthe lamp hold on to burn; but once this ceases, life\\ndies out, the lamp has lost its combustible substance,\\nand can burn no longer. Now, this being settled, the\\nquestion naturally comes up, Where do we get good\\nblood, and of what is it made? We answer, good blood\\nis made of good food, such as nature has provided for\\nus, heartily eaten, and properly digested. He who has a\\ncapacious stomach, healthy digestive organs, and a good", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "468 MARKS OF LONGEVITY.\\nappetite, possesses most unquestionably the fundamental\\nessentials of a long life. Experiments have often been\\nmade, both on men and animals, and in every instance\\nit has been found that long-lived persons have large\\nstomachs. But, then, this organ can be damaged. Indeed\\nthere are few diseases whose beginnings cannot be\\ntraced to a deranged stomach. Tobacco, strong tea, strong\\ncoffee, spirituous liquors, unwholesome confectionaries, and\\nluxuries of almost every description, invariably derange\\nthe stomach and weaken digestion; and whatever does\\nthis must inevitably shorten life. Eoundness of body\\nand largeness of mouth are always signs of a roomy\\nstomach, and are thus, according to the principles laid\\ndown, physiognomical signs of longevity. So is it in\\nplant life. The small lichen which can grow and vegetate\\non a higher altitude than any other plant, is round in\\nform and vigorous, having large absorbing as well as cir-\\nculatory powers. It has strong life-producing organs, and\\non account of its inherent vitality, can endure the cold\\nand sustain itself in places where plants not so round\\nin form would wither and perish in a few hours. The\\nsame thing is true of animals. Elephants are of a round\\nconstruction, with large mouths, large stomachs, and are\\nnoble eaters; and it is admitted by all naturalists who\\nknow anything of history, that these animals have been\\nknown to live as long as 240 years. The round carp, or\\ngold-fish, according to the testimony of Buffon, lives to\\nan enormous age. He mentions two which he himself\\nhad seen, one of which was 150 and the other 200 years\\nof age, and pike have been known to live even longer\\nthan that; while the tortoise, remarkable for its round-\\nness, with excellent digestive organs, sometimes sustains\\nlife during four full centuries. Birds, too, are very round\\nand able to digest well even pebbles, nails, and glass\\nbeing no obstruction; and we are assured by naturalists", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "MARKS OF LONGEVITY. 469\\nthat there have been instances of swans living over SOO\\nyears.\\nNow, when we look at those animals which are slim\\nor flat in form, we find the very opposite to be true. Their\\nstomachs are not capacious, thus rendering digestion less\\nenduring, so that, comparatively speaking, they die at an\\nearly age. The common rabbit is long, thin, and flat, and\\nrarely lives beyond ten years. The giraffe is peculiarly\\ntall and slim of build, and seldom reaches the age of\\ntwenty. The ox and the horse rarely manage to live\\nthirty years, especially those which are domesticated.\\nTheir natural habits are changed, and by a forced manner\\nof feeding, their digestive organs become extremely weak,\\nso that they are not unfrequently considered old at twenty.\\nProlonged life is dependent upon natural law, and where\\nnatural law is violated, premature death cannot but ensue.\\nWe have met with several men who were over 100 years\\nof age; these were in various parts of the world, and\\nin every instance they were of medium height, had large\\nmouths, were round in form with good healthy digestive\\norgans, attributable to plain living when they were young.\\nThe persons of whom we speak were also very temperate\\nin their habits. They neither smoked nor chewed tobacco;\\nthey were thus saved from throwing off their saliva and\\nweakening their stomachs. Only one of them used coffee,\\nand he only once per day. They all partook of tea, but\\nit was of the weakest kind. Confectionaries they avoided,\\nand when they were younger had lived much in the open\\nair. They wore comfortable, strong clothing, and in quan-\\ntities sufficient to protect them from cold, while they took\\nin enough of pure oxygen. They were not fleshy, though\\nof round build, and their bones had been strengthened by\\nindustry, and the character of their food. In none of them\\nwas there the slightest appearance of that species of tumor", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "470 MARKS OF LONGEVITY.\\ncontaining pap or plaster like matter. They were not\\natheromatous: such symptoms being found only where the\\ndigestive organs are not good, and in consequence the\\nblood is much impaired. Their hearts were free from\\nfat, their lungs strong and healthy, and their external\\nsenses were good, with the exception of two persons who\\nwere a little deaf, and all these ever-to-be-envied bodily\\nconditions were the natural effects of a powerful nutritious\\nsystem. One coloured man who lived in Ohio, and was\\n113 years of age, had all the special senses in perfect\\norder, and his well-balanced judgment we have scarcely\\nseen equalled among men of forty. Nor was there one\\nof all the centenarians, which it has been our good fortune\\nto see, who manifested the slightest degree of dissatisfaction\\nrelative either to their age or circumstances. Indeed, a\\nhalo of commendable resignation seemed to surround every\\none of them, and to this resignation, or rather intelligent\\ncontentment, they were much indebted for their long life,\\nas nothing is more conducive to healthy digestion, regu-\\nlarity of bodily secretions, and good blood, than this very\\nrare mental quality. Owing to their temperate and in-\\ndustrious habits, the nervous system was never deranged;\\nand this being the case, the brain and nerve form w 7 as\\npreserved intact the importance of which it is impossible\\nto over-estimate. We may also add that they were all\\nmarried, or had been, which contributed not a little to\\ntheir length of days; for while matrimony improper\\nleads to ill -health and premature death, matrimony, as\\nnature would have it, ever tends to longevity. Thomas\\nParr, who died at the advanced age of 152 years, was\\nexamined by Harvey, to whom the world is indebted\\nfor at least one important Physiological discovery, and\\naccording to Harvey s account, Parr s bodily organs were\\nin such excellent order that, but for tho fact that he was", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "MARKS OF LONGEVITY. 471\\ntaken to London to visit Charles I. and his Court, and\\nwas prevailed upon to indulge largely in cake, wine, and\\nother luxuries, he might have lived fifty years longer.\\nThese things, however, being wholly unsuitable for his\\nsystem, deranged so materially and rapidly his digestive\\norgans, that he died before he had time to return home.\\nOf this remarkable man Taylor wrote the following brief\\ndescription\\nHis limbs their strength have left,\\nHis teeth all gone (but one) his sight bereft,\\nHis sinews shrunk, his blood most chill and cold\\nSmall solace imperfections manifold\\nYet still his sp rits possess his mortal trunk;\\nNor are his senses in his ruins shrunk,\\nBut that his hearing s quick, his stomach good,\\nHe 11 feed well, sleep well, well digest his food.\\nHe will speak heartily, laugh, and be merry;\\nDrink ale, and now and then a cup of cherry,\\nLoves company, and understanding talk,\\nA nd on both sides, held up, will sometimes walk;\\nAnd though old age his face with wrinkles fill,\\nHe hath been handsome, and is comely still;\\nWell-faced, and though his beard not oft corrected,\\nYet neat it grows, not like a beard neglected.\\nThe portrait of Parr which is given on page 180, and\\nwhich we feel assured our readers will be interested\\nto see, is from a likeness by Reubens. It was painted\\nwhen Parr was 140 years of age, twelve years before he\\ndied.\\nThe conclusion to which we have come, then, not only\\nfrom personal observation, but from the testimony of others\\nwho have made experiments, is, that roundness of form and\\nlargeness of stomach, indicated by a corresponding capacious-\\nness of mouth, are unmistakable Physiognomical signs of\\nlong life; because where these are we find as a natural\\nconsequence healthy digestion and strong assimilative\\npowers, all of which keep the human system in good repair,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "472 MARKS OF LONGEVITY.\\nand are absolutely necessary to longevity. And here we\\nmay give without comment a rule to determine longevity,\\nwhich has been popular among German doctors for more\\nthan two hundred years.\\nAn imaginary or real line can be run from the lower\\nportion of the superciliary ridge to the occipital point or\\nprotuberance; if this line runs high above the opening\\nof the ear the life force is strong, if running near or\\nover the opening of the ear the life force is weak or very\\nweak.\\nIt may be objected by half-informed religionists that a\\ndesire for long life is in direct opposition to that plain\\nstatement in the sacred Scriptures, which speaks of seventy\\nyears as the term of human life; but to this we have to\\nreply that we have never been able to accept that statement\\nas unconditional. The foolishness of man was no doubt\\napparent to the author of the statement, and, so far as we\\ncan judge, he merely meant to say that the habits of men,\\nchiefly evil, stood in the way of long life, and that so long\\nas these habits were unchanged, generally speaking, seventy\\nyears would end their sublunary days; but let the habits\\nof men be changed let their bodies be attended to\\nfrom childhood upwards as they ought to be attended to;\\nlet all narcotics, whether of a solid or liquid nature, be\\nstrenuously kept out of the system; thus let the digestive\\norgans get, what we call in common parlance, fair play,\\nand what is there in the words of Israel s poet to hinder\\nany man from living twice seventy years Men should fall\\ninto the arms of death as they fall into the arms of sleep;\\nbut the evil is that men die before they are ripe for it.\\nThey go down to the grave before their time. There are\\ntwo ways of committing suicide suddenly and gradually\\nand we have no hesitation in saying that thousands of our\\nfellow-men, unconsciously and unintentionally, of course,\\npractise the latter daily and thus, instead of hanging, so to", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "MArt\u00c2\u00a3S 0* TA/Nijft Viry,\\n173\\nspeak, on the tree of life until such time as they are ripe,\\nand could drop off decently, like luscious pears from their\\nbranches, they, by a horrible system of unintended self-\\nmurder, gradually lav uDon themselves unholy hancis, and\\ndie not decently, but tn\u00c2\u00ab very rr v^t**s,\\nHenry Bergh, founder of the American Society for the Prevention\\nof Cruelty to Animals, whose long narrow face tells of his philanthropic\\nmind the well lined and clearly denned features evidence thorough edu\\ncation, combined with noble and lofty aspirations.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "ONESIDED PEOPLE.\\nThe subject of one-sided people affords a wide field for\\nthought and expression for comparison, conception, and\\nreform and we hardly know how to preface a subject so\\nprolific with the excesses of natural and forced deformity.\\nBut we can conceive of no enterprise so grand, no means\\nso noble, no undertaking so philanthropic, as that which\\nhas for its end the elevation of common humanity. It is\\ntoo true that the idiosyncracies of our natures sometimes\\nseem to preclude the entire possibility of our exercising\\nthe charity we should toward the shortcomings of our\\nfellow-men. We forget we too are weak and dependent\\nupon others for our own success and progress in the arts\\nand sciences, and every scale of educational refinement and\\nin reasoning by the analogies we would present, we find we\\nare deficient in the ncble charities of thought and sentiment\\ntoward our one-sided neighbours, consequently we may not\\nbe judged by our own criticisms.\\nWe are much inclined to forget that we too are mortal.\\nAnd as we raise our standard, which would make our fellow-\\nmen perfect men and women, we too often forget, that upoi?\\nour faces and upon our physical and physiological develop-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "ONE-SIDED PEOPLE, 475\\nmerits and mental acquirements, are stamped the characters\\nwe represent, and we are as a walking monument; the\\nwhole man stands out as an open book, and he who runs\\nmay read.\\nCould we know ourselves, and see ourselves as we are\\nseen, methinks that a spirit of reform would be going on\\nin every nature, and we would strive to cast the beam from\\nour own eye, that we might the more easily discern the\\nmote in our neighbour s eye.\\nNature has done much tc deform us, and we are suffering\\nfrom the sins of our fathers from the generations past;\\nwhile neglect does not make us any better does not apply\\nthe healing art does not come with an imperative demand\\nupon us that we exercise all our own moral agency, that\\nwe might make use of all within our powers, and be careful\\nto avoid many of the excesses of life, that we might present\\nourselves less faulty before our fellow-men.\\nWhich of us shall say, I am without spot or blemish\\ndevoid of all deformities, assuming the title of nobility\\nbelonging only to the perfect man? While ignorant mothers\\nand careless nurses dandle children in such excruciating\\nattitudes, is it any wonder that they are deformed in person\\n(scarce half made up), crooked in all the traits of manhood,\\none-sided in actions and dealings with fellow-men, and all\\nthe result of ignorant nursery treatment.\\nWe will notice some of the imperfections, their causes\\nand tendencies. Not one person in a thousand is in perfect\\nform, from some cause, direct or indirect, moulding us to\\nhonour or dishonour stamping the signet upon our mental,\\nmoral, and physical natures. Our cruel nurses commence\\nto torment us by holding us too long on one arm, and keep\\nus lying too much on one side; this has a tendency to\\ndeform us. Holding our. heads too low, too much blood\\ncomes to the brain; the bones and skull are soft at this\\ntender period, the} are easily put out of shape. The brain", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "476 ONE-SIDED PEOPLE.\\nsettles on one side of the head, the form is twisted to one\\nside, and the features are drawn out of shape.\\nAs the result of ill-treatment, we trace imperfections and\\ndeformities in our fellow-men. Some we see with one\\nlong better developed than the other, one shoulder higher\\nthan the other, one corner of the mouth higher than the\\nother and drawn aside, one eye-brow arched higher than the\\nother; the eyes are not horizontal and one is partly closed,\\nthe nose is not in a straight line with the face. We also\\nnotice the beard to grow heavier on one side of the face\\nthan the other, as the result of lying too much on one side\\nwhile sleeping; it hinders the circulation of the blood, thus\\ndiminishing the activity and energy of that side, making\\nmany subjects for paralysis, heart disease, and very many\\nailments to which flesh is heir. This should not be prac-\\ntised, everybody should change sides every night; we used\\nto change our old-fashioned round-toed shoes every morning\\nto make them wear longer; so people will wear longer who\\nchange sides in sleeping. Those husbands who insist upon\\nhaving their wives sleep on the back side of the bed, and\\nare never willing to take it themselves and let their wives\\ncome to the front, are making both their wives and them-\\nselves one-sided, when turn about each night would equalize\\nthe affair, and be a sure correction of the evil which too\\noften prevails.\\nA well-balanced body and brain are indispensably neces-\\nsary to a well-balanced mind, and a violation of any law\\nof nature criminates us; we stand as culprits at the\\ngreat tribunal of our conscience, to answer for the mental,\\nmoral, and physical sufferings. It is well known that any\\nviolation of the laws of nature makes one-sided people, and\\none-sidedness tends to insanity, so the majority of persons\\nwith whom we mingle from day to day are partially insane.\\nIt is related of Dr. Wigham, who attended the grave of\\nQueen Charlotte, that he said he had seen her buried before;", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "ONE-SIDED PEOPLE. 477\\nhe never had, for she was buried only once. One side of his\\nbrain was larger than the other, he took two impressions of\\nthe burial, the larger half of his organization taking the im-\\npression first, and the lesser instantly after, which is double\\nconsciousness. One form of insanity after another comes up\\nbefore us, asking our forbearance, imploring our aid.\\nThese questions, like deep-seated tumours, require the\\ndelicate and artistic touch of a skilful surgery, or else their\\nlife is surely imperilled. There is no place for quackery\\nhere, the diagnosis is beyond the ken of pretentious\\ncharlatanism.\\nWe have to deal with mind and character; minds as\\nvarying as the changing colours of the chameleon, and\\ncharacters which need the polish of true society, and all its\\neducational refinements which their capacity will hold; yet\\nin spite of our endeavours to educate and refine, the cloven\\nfoot will present itself.\\nThe dignity of man and his superior qualities, his nobi-\\nlity, and his sovereignty, has been from time immemorial the\\norator s theme and the poet s song, and yet his overbearing\\nnature and one-sided propensities have been touched upon\\nvery lightly. He loves money, and grinds the faces and pulls\\nout the very heart-strings of the operative and employee.\\nOh! with what conscience can such a man enjoy the\\nwealth wrung from the finger-ends of the seamstress, as in\\nthe gloomy attic, by the midnight candle, she wastes her\\nlife, strains her eyes and heartstrings to earn a miserable\\npittance that just suffices to keep the life-pulse beating; and\\nyet these parvenues claim respectability.\\nWith peacock pride they spread their ostentatious plum-\\nniage, flaunt their snobbery, and parade their ginger-bread\\naristocracy in the faces of honest men. Ah! and with\\ndevout visage and pious act pharisaically take the name\\nof the Sa\\\\ iour upon their lips. And what a miserably one-\\nsided man is the miser", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "478\\nONE-SIDED PEOPLE.\\nProud fame s a stranger to his blinded eye%\\nHe ne er has seen her gilded dome arise\\nOh no poor man, loth to release his hold,\\nSees nothing, knows no God\u00e2\u0080\u0094 but gold.\\nWhile to his base desire he serves as slave;\\nAmbition s summit is to him to crave\\nA glittering dust, and with outstretched hand\\nGrasps in the shining particles of sand.\\nHe weeps, he starts, he fancies footsteps near,\\nAnd grasping with both hands his treasures dear;\\nHe hears them coming, hears them whisper low\\nHis fancies wild tell him They ll rob me now.\\nOne foot advanced\u00e2\u0080\u0094 one hand above his head,\\nHe invokes the pious blessings of the dead\\nCalls on his God but surely knows not why-\\nHe knows no God but gold he fears to die.\\nRepulsive, cold, he d friendship s rights disclaim,\\nAnd Charity he spurns from him, poor dame;\\nRefusing aught, whoe er the stranger be,\\nLest Heaven should smile and bless his charity.\\nHow grand are the works of creation! what a vast field\\nfor thought and speculation to the thinking mind. The\\nGreat Mind has created all things for us, and given us\\nminds to appreciate them, and souls to love them; it has\\nadorned the heavens with stars, and carpeted the earth\\nwith flowers; it has strewn all along our pathway ten\\nthousand blessings and evidences of our immortality. Who\\nhas not felt the force of the fable, that when man asked\\nJove to give him evidence of his immortality, Jove gave\\nhim Music. And who can doubt? Who that delights in\\nsong, and has stood with wonder-stricken awe, in the\\nspacious corridor of the Cathedral of St. Isaac at St. Peters-\\nburg, St. Peter s at Rome, or St. Paul s in London, how\\nhave we listened to the organ s plaintive strains rising\\nhigher and higher, until music sweet filled each vaulted\\nniche, then to the ear again then higher, still higher rise", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "ONE-SIDED PEOPLE. 479\\nthe pealing tones of thunder, giving expression to the\\nsymphony, then bursting forth in all tne strains of har-\\nmony, loud, long, exultingly. Our minds thus reach up to\\nJehovah, and we are touched by the breath of inspiration.\\nWho shall then deny our immortalit} T or limit our progres-\\nsion in this world or the world to come\\nIf our minds are not poisoned with one-sided theology\\nwe can admit that the laws of progress were not formed for\\nthis world alone, that the mind of a Newton, and the mind\\nof a child shall not remain the same for ever, but the end\\nshall be as the beginning was God and progress.\\nSay not that the soul perishes at the portal of the tomb,\\nbut reason with your one-sided minds until you say we\\nshall with angel architects and artists arrange and re-arrange\\ncastle after castle, where science, skill, and mind, and\\nart are required to draw the lines of beauty and make\\nalmost tangible all the fairy castles* made in our faith for\\nfuture occupancy.\\nThe last, and the very meanest thing in all the one-sided\\ncategory, is the Politician, the aspirant for fame; he is\\nushered into the political arena, they laud and fondle him\\nat the nominating caucus he has money (it does not matter\\nhow he got it), he responds nobly, (says, he can t make\\nmuch of a speech), but here, take these greenbacks, and\\ndo the best you can for me. Thank you. They are\\nEloquent in song, and to nature true.\\nHe has more of the dust which fools adore and call a God\\nthan brains, so of course he is elected to the high and\\nhonourable position of legislator or senator.\\nHe boasts that his seat cost him over fifty thousand\\ndollars, and he carries the votes of about four members in\\nhis pantaloons pocket. If he has talents, he can spread\\nhimself like a green bay tree for a season but he is likely\\nto be nipped by the first frost of the coming autumn; he", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "480 ONE-SIDED PEOPLE.\\ncan boast if he chooses of the Honourable title he bears^\\nthat his aspirations are gratified, his presumption more\\nthan realized but his fame is not lasting, it is not worth\\nthe price he paid for it; he was elected by his one-sided\\nconstituents, and they still continue to be one-sided towards\\nhim (on the side he carries his money), and he, to carry\\non the joke in retaliation, having succeeded in attaining\\nhis high position of honour, has no more use for his con-\\nstituents, and of course takes the other side of the street,\\nand they call him one-sided for trying to avoid the crowd.\\nMen generally would rather aspire to honour, and make\\nmoney, than cultivate their minds. Mammon is the one-\\nsided god of this world, and the world will love its own.\\nThe rich man is to be pitied rather than envied, if he\\nhas nothing but his money. Homer, it is true, was a\\nbeggar, and Milton sold his Paradise Lost for five pounds\\nsterling, and yet what Croesus has such immortal honours\\nas they?\\nLet us cultivate our minds, try and get the warp all\\nout of them. Let us learn to think for ourselves, act and\\nreason for ourselves. Let us feed the inner life with\\nheavenly manna, and bask in the sunlight of our wcli-\\ncultured intelligence. Knowledge is power, and is never\\nlost; every idea we gain here, every talent we improve,\\nwill set us ahead in the spiritual life, where angels will\\nbe our teachers. It is an indispensable doctrine of the\\nScriptures, that the allotment of the ransomed shall be in\\nproportion to their attainments here.\\nWe are candidates for a prize, wrestlers for a diadem.\\nLife is a compound of the material and spiritual, by virtue\\nof necessity. To most men it is largely material, but little\\nspiritual. The spiritual is not sufficiently cultivated.\\nThe life to come will be a spiritual life, and if we culti-\\nvate the mind, the spiritual here, and in proportion as\\nwe cultivate it, we shall be prepared for the great here-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "ONE-SIDED PEOPLE.\\n481\\nafter. Let us avoid being one-sided at all times; let uai\\nlearn to be philosophers, and\\nDo good, let those who will be clever\\nDo noble things, not dream them all day long,\\nAnd make life, death, and the vast for ever\\nOne grand sweet song.\\nGrey friar s Bobby. A remarkable dog, that guarded his master s\\ngrave with unswerving fidelitj for upwards of thirteen year%\\nin Edinburgh, Scotland.\\n%U", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "PROGRESS IN ANIMAL AND VEGETAVlE LiFR\\nAnimals which produce young of precisely the same form\\nand colour as the parents, will be found to continue or\\nthe same plane of life as their progenitors; while animals\\nwhich produce young differing in colour from the parents,\\nare capable, by the laws of nature, of improving* in body\\nand intelligence. Those animals which had their origin\\nin Circassia are progressive, and their varied colour in the\\nsame species is evidence that they can change; and pro-\\ngression requires, as it implies change.\\nThe common apple has ever been found where the white\\nrace live, and each nourishes equally in temperate climates,\\nhaving had their origin in the same atmosphere where the\\nsoil, and heat, and cold have the same influence so, having\\nsprung from the same causes, their effects cannot vary.\\nHence what effects one favourably, must of necessity\\ngenerously improve the other.\\nOf all fruits none is so commonly cultivated by the\\nwhite race as the apple. It has amongst fruits the earliest,\\nwidest, and most interesting history. According to all\\naccounts, either sacred or profane, this hardy fruit appeared\\nabout the same time as the white or varied race, and has\\nbeen carried with them in their migrations to the remotest\\nlatitudes of the globe. Theophrastus classed it amongst\\nthe more civilized fruits (urbaniores) Tacitus described\\nit as the favourite fruit of the ancient Germans. A", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "PROGRESS IN ANIMA1 AND VEGETABLE LIFE. 483\\nshrivelled apple was obtained from one of the lake\\ndwellings of Switzerland. Ulysses and Solomon praise its\\njuices; Tantalus grasps anxiously for it in Hades; Iduna\\nkeeps in a box apples which the gods, when they feel old\\nage approaching, have only to taste to become young again.\\nThe legends of all ages, since the white race began, have\\nrecorded evidence of the existing apple. The mythology\\nof the temperate climates often refer to this fruit. Thus,\\nfrom what can be gathered from history, we may conclude\\nthat this fruit has been transplanted to, and flourished in,\\nall the localities and climates where the w T hite race has\\nmade a pleasant home. This fruit rarely produces from\\nthe seeds the same colour, taste, flavour, and shape as\\nthe parent stock. In this principle the apple is precisely\\nlike the ox, horse, dog, goat, cat and other domestic animals,\\nall of which originated in the same climate, and about\\nthe same time where and when man s orimn is dated.\\nThe dog has been largely improved under the intelligent\\nmanagement of man. The horse never could shew more\\nfine points of make, or trot a mile in less time than during\\nthe past year. The high rate of speed attained by this\\nanimal is attributed by horsemen to the improving effects of\\nbreeding. The ox has risen to a high state of domestic\\nusefulness under the influences of man s observation and\\nguidance. So we could say of all the animals living with\\nthe Caucasian race in a domestic state. But the signs of\\nimprovement are what we are seeking. These can be based\\non the great principle inherent in the white race of man-\\nkind Wherever the children or offspring follow undevia-\\ntingly the colour of their parentage, we may rest assured\\nthat nature has made only one channel or groove in which\\nthat species is to run; and what nature designed to be, no\\nman can long thwart. Nature has fixed her joals on all\\nher wonderful works, and they can properly bt understood\\nonly by the student of nature.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "484\\nPROGRESS IN ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE LIFE.\\nWhere nature lias allowed a departure, and even provided\\nfor a variety in colour, which is only the significant banner\\nof the inherent laws which govern and regulate animal\\nlife there man can, by studying the governing principles,\\nso apply them that more variety and an improved condition\\ncm be produced, which will be vastly superior to the fore-\\ngone generations of that species.\\nThis law applies with equal force to apples, peaches,\\npears, and all fruits where the seedling varies in colour,\\nflavour, and size from the parent stock; for any law in\\nnature is just as true to her banner or outward signs in the\\nvegetables in the animal kingdom.\\nJohn Henry B. Irving, an English actor of great celebrity, whose\\nface shows remarkable self-control, critical interest in the engrossing\\ntopics of the day, a vice-like memory which never relaxes its grip on\\nwhatever it seizes.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "ACTIVITY.\\nAs nature never made a face for physiognomical purposes\\nalone, so also she has not formed a body of special shape\\nto indicate simply its peculiar adaptations. The primary\\nintention of nature would seem to be necessity. None\\nwould be so stupid as to claim that it was necessary\\nan animal should be of long, slim form, simply that man\\nmight be able to tell what its capacities were. Necessity is\\na higher law in the designs of nature than pleasure. It\\nis true it might afford to many a pleasure to be able to\\ndiscern all the peculiarities of an animal by its outward\\nform. But nature, in her great beneficence, is true to her\\nown needs first, and thus begins with charity at home.\\nIf we were to make an engine roll over a railroad track\\nat the speed of sixty miles per hour, we would construct it\\non the light, slim principle. The driving wheels should be\\nlarge in circumference, piston-rods having a long stroke,\\nand light and slim rather than thick. If we wished an\\no\\nengine to run twenty miles per hour, and pull a long freight\\ntrain of immense weight, we would form it on an entirely\\ndifferent plan from the swift-running but weaker engine.\\nThe plan for strength is breadth and heft. The wheels\\nshould be low. The piston-stroke short, and thickness and\\nheft should enter into its design very largely.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "486 ACTIVITY.\\nNow, nature acts with more wisdom than man never\\nless therefore, when she wishes an animal for great action\\nand less strength, she builds the legs long and slim, the\\nbody is long and narrow, the tail, alike with the head, is\\nlong and thin also, and when all parts are thus formed, the\\nmuscles, having great length of body in which to contract,\\ngive quick pulling upon the tendons, they acting quickly\\nupon the slim, light bones, move them rapidly, and agility\\nis the result. Thus can we discover that the great law oi\\nproportion in animals is true as in mechanics; that propor-\\ntionately as motion is increased action is diminished.\\nHence, by no difficult process of reasoning, we arrive at the\\nconclusion, that animals constructed on the broad plan, like\\nthe lion, tiger, gorilla, crocodile, and elephant are strong;\\nwhile we as effectually learn that animals of the long,\\nnarrow build, are agile. Man, being subject to these sam\\\\3\\nnatural laws as animals are, when constructed on the same\\nplan, will possess the identical qualities and powers; there-\\nfore we at once and for all decide that a man of tall, slim,\\nor short, slim build, is naturally brisk and sprightly of\\nmotion. We just as soundly decide that a man who is five\\nfeet high, and weighs two hundred and fifty pounds will\\ngenerally move slowly. As an example, take Weston, the\\nrapid walker of America, who walked one hundred and\\ntwelve miles in less than twenty-four consecutive hours,\\nand four hundred miles in five succeeding days. He is\\na slim, tall man.\\nGeneral Washington was built on the tall, slim plan, and\\nhistory records it as a fact that he was an excellent runner,\\nand could jump twenty-two feet at a single bound.\\nGeneral Sherman is tall and slim, and no more indus-\\ntrious and quick-motioned man entered the American army\\nduring the late rebellion.\\nThe proofs of this truth in Physiognomy are in nearly\\nevery household in America. Take that lubberly, round,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "ACTIVITY. 487\\nstout, and short boy, and see his slow movements, and how\\nhe loves his ease, while that tiny, light, slim, little girl is\\nall vivacity and sprightliness.\\nThe most active animal of the domestic circle is the grey-\\nhound, and how slim his legs, long his tail, gaunt his body,\\noutstretched his neck, and pointed and far-reaching his\\nnose.\\nThe best Physiognomical sign of quickness is a long and\\npointed nose. Animals and men with long, thin-pointed\\nnoses are formed on the active, slim plan in every depart-\\nment of their natures and bodily build.\\nThere is less action in animals that hybernate than is\\nfound among most others. The black bear is a hybernating\\nanimal, and is characterized for strength and the destructive\\nqualities attending the broad build more than for nimble-\\nness. The marmot (Arctomys Marmotta) enters into the\\nlethargic hybernating state about the middle of September,\\nand d.oes not emerge from it until sometime about the\\nbeginning of April. The marmot is of thick and clumsy\\nform, very strong and not very active.\\nThe urson has a short nose and moves slowly.\\nThe kaolo, or Australian bear (Phascolarctos cinereus),\\nuses great deliberation in climbing a tree. The toes and\\nfeet of the animal are well adapted for the slow, but sure\\nmode in which he progresses among the branches of a tree,\\nand are less useful when making his slow terrestrial pro-\\ngress. His nose is exceedingly short.\\nThe animal most known among African hunters, as\\npossessed of marvellous speed, is the gazelle (Gazella\\nDorcas) and the Gazella Ariel. Their whole make-up is\\nremarkably slim, thin, and in a manner adapted to rapid\\nchange of p.osition.\\nIn contrast to the last-mentioned animal, we would call\\nattention to the sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), a tardigrade\\nedentate mammal of the genus Bradypus. The name", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "488 ACTIVITY.\\nindicates the peculiar characterizing trait of the animal,\\nas sluggishness and laziness are its natural birthright, for\\nno living animal is equally inert and torpid. The whole\\nform is short, broad, strong, and consequently of a lumpish\\nand exanimate disposition. The existing species of sloth\\nis arboreal; but many of the extinct kinds were huge\\nterrestrial animals.\\nThe wombat (Phascolomys ursinus) has a very heavy\\nbody and short legs, and in its gait has a rolling waddle\\nmuch resembling the lurching of a sailing vessel when in a\\nstorm. The muzzle is quite broad and thick. It is an\\napathetic animal.\\nThe coati, or Coati Alondi (Narua Buia), has a nose and\\nhead much resembling that of the Persian greyhound, and\\nno animal can ascend or descend a tree in less than twice\\nthe time it requires to do so. It being a nocturnal animal,\\nits agility and rapidity of movement is only seen as the\\nshades of evening descend or at the dawn of morning.\\nThe chaeropus (Chaeropus constanotis) has also a very\\nlong and pointed nose, and is remarkably active.\\nThe weasel (Mustela vulgaris) is rarely equalled by any\\nanimal in nimbleness, and the sparkling eye and slim form\\nbespeak the active faculty.\\nThe long, active stoat, or ermine (Mustela erminea), with\\nits agile limbs and sharp teeth, can kill a hare with ease,\\nand is a terror to rats and mice; and chickens and ducks\\nsuffer considerably from its inroads. Its size is not much\\nmore than that of a common rat; but its superiority is in\\nits pertinacious skill in pursuing all its game, its eagerness*\\nand agility.\\nWe should think those proofs from the animal world\\nmust be sufficient to satisfy observing and reasoning minds\\nthat form not only evinces character, but as truthfully\\nmanifests the strength or action with which the man or\\nanimal is endowed.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "ACTIVITY. 489\\nThe importance of action, and rightly directed alacrity,\\ncannot be too strongly impressed upon the minds of the\\nyouth of every clime.\\nAct well your part there all the honour lies. Pope.\\nA German poet has nobly sung\\nAct! for in action are wisdom and glory;\\nFame, immortality\u00e2\u0080\u0094 these are its crown;\\nWould st thou illumine the tablets of story?\\nBuild on achievements thy doom of renown.\\nAnd Hannah More inculcates the same precept when\\nshe says:\\nThe keen spirit\\nSeizes the prompt occasion makes the thoughts\\nStart into instant action, and at once\\nPlans and performs, resolves and executes\\nInnumerable instances of the same grand lesson have\\nbeen sounded in the ears of lethargic humanity by all the\\nphilosophers and sages, as well as by those gentlest,\\nsweetest teachers of mankind, the poets. Would that\\nall might take the teaching to heart, and emulate in their\\nlives and conduct what none have more forcibly urged\\nthan Longfellow, in his well-known Psalm of Life:\\nLives of great men all remind us\\nWe can make our lives sublime,\\nAnd, departing, leave behind us\\nFootprints on the sands of time.\\nLet us, then, be up and doing,\\nWith a heart for any fate\\nStill achieving, still pursuing,\\nLearn to labour and to wait I n", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF WIDTH TO HEIGHT\\nIN MANKIND.\\nThe laws of magnitude, that is to say, the length and\\nbreadth, height and width of all growing bodies, are not\\nso generally comprehended by mankind as they should be;\\nand, indeed, notwithstanding that length is one indicator,\\nand width another, of certain qualities in both animal and\\nvegetable productions, the masses seem utterly to ignore\\nthe fact that they imply one thing more than another.\\nThat they are, however, is quite evident; for as the form or\\nproportion of a thing is, so will be its character. There-\\nfore do we assert that to obtain that knowledge upon\\nwhich is based the fundamental principles of the creation,\\nboth -height and width require to be observed in their\\nrelative proportions. The length of animals that are full\\nand round in the abdominal region, is not observed to be\\nthe same in proportion to their width, such as the ox,\\nhog, elephant, and grizzly bear. These have a well-de-\\nveloped roundness throughout their entire structure, and\\na peculiarity of nature far different from the elongated\\ngiraffe, or the slim grey-hound, or the active and nervous\\nweasel. What a vast difference in disposition and appear-\\nance have these two diverse sets of animals, as unlike in\\nnatural inclinations and instincts as in body. Indeed,\\neverything in nature corresponds in the same ratio with", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF WIBTE TO HEIGHT IN MANKIND. 49.1\\nanother. For instance, if the features be round, every\\npeculiarity of the whole structure will be in accordance\\nwith it; if, on the other hand, the features are long, the\\nwhole animal will correspond in length and spareness of\\nform. So also will its disposition be marked with either\\nmore or less of a certain sharpness or intuitive keenness\\nunknown, or seldom perceived, in the more roundly-built\\nanimals. And also do those Physiognomical signs apply\\nwith equal force to mankind because man, on scientific\\nprinciples, is an animal like the rest, and only distinguished\\nfrom the brute creation by a higher order of formation,\\nand the balancing powers of a superior reason.\\nWhen we find persons blending the relative proportions\\nof width and length together in an equivalent degree, we\\nperceive that beauty of form and symmetry are their\\ncombinative results. The extremes being blended, correct\\neach other, softening all the harsh outlines which would\\nattend either one solitarily; and the result of this is that\\nharmony is produced, and consequently beauty.\\nGreat height in any animal is a certain index of poor\\ndigestion, weakness, and shortness of life. Animals, on the\\nother hand, of comparatively good width and massiveness\\nare of excellent digestion, and live to attain a great age.\\nThus is the elephant a long-lived animal, while the grey-\\nhound reaches the terminus of his life in, at most, a few\\nyears. The same law is equally applicable to the members\\nof the vegetable kingdom; hence the oak, and the more\\nponderous trees of California, attain an incalculable age,\\nwhile the poplar, fir, and other attenuated trees are of\\ndelicate constitution, and decay in comparatively brief\\nperiods.\\nWhilst travelling through Oregon, we observed that\\nthousands of fir trees were broken away above or below\\ntheir middles, indicating that brittleness in their slimnesa\\nof form, which eventually shattered and sapped the founda-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "4.92 RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF WIDTH TO HEIGHT IN MANKIND.\\ntions of their existence. Also does the law of averaged\\nwidth and equable length hold good in mankind; for the\\nwell-proportioned man, equally removed from obesity and\\nslimness, is invariably healthy, vigorous, and enduring.\\nNapoleon remarked during one of his wonderful\\ncampaigns that it was not the tallest soldier who could\\nendure the most hardship, but the one whose build was\\nequally removed from all extremes. Men having equable\\nlength and breadth possess, moreover, good digestive powers,\\nand the prognosis is that they will live longest. Tall and\\nslim animals, on the contrary, die at an early age, for being\\nof delicate organizations, they are subject to malarious,\\nmiasmatic, and other deleterious influences which most\\ninevitably surround them. Besides this, they are also\\ncoarser in texture than the more equally proportioned,\\nand hence liable to be affected by climatic influences, such\\nas strong winds and oppressive heat or excessive cold.\\nIt is notable that the tall poplar sways with every blast\\nthat whistles through its trembling branches, while the\\noak, in its vast and massive proportions, faces the hurricane\\nwith defiant air, and withstands the blasts of centuries.\\nThis law of length and breadth, therefore, is universal,\\nand governs everything in nature: whether it be in man-\\nkind, animals, or vegetables, it is equally applicable.\\nAgain, the lion is modelled on the round principle,\\nand consequently possesses that extraordinary texture of\\nphysique and force of vitality which makes him so fine,\\nand compact in his organization. On the other hand, the\\ntall giraffe or camel-leopard is formed on the slim structure,\\nand so weak, indeed, is he, that the lion can kill hma with\\na single stroke of his powerful paw; being also on the\\nlong and slim build, his life is of much shorter duration\\nthan that of his nobler and more magnanimous enemy.\\nNotwithstanding, however, the foregoing instances of\\nstrength and weakness to which we have thus far alluded,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF WIDTH TO HEIGHT IN MANKIND. 493\\nthere are cases into which we must penetrate more closely\\nto obtain a true diagnosis of facts relative to slimness in\\nthe human form. For instance, some very short people are\\nslim by reason of being stunted in early age through divers\\ncauses, but if their height is fully proportionate to their\\nwidth, they may to a certain extent enjoy the same powers\\nof longevity. All animals built on this plan possess the\\nsame qualities and characteristics as mentioned heretofore\\nin this article.\\nAnimals on the slim and elongated principle are best\\nknown, as the giraffe, the race-horse, the deer, and certain\\nvarieties of dogs and birds. Corresponding specimens can\\nalso be found among men. Characteristics of great action,\\nwith less endurance and strength, are invariably found in\\nthe taller specimens of both the higher and lower grades of\\nthe animal creation. Indeed, the same principle is recog-\\nnized in all motive power, whether animal or mechanical.\\nFor instance, the tall, large-wheeled passenger locomotive\\nbounds the track with lightning-like velocity, yet it would\\nbe unable to draw the train which is trundled slowly along\\nby the low, diminutive wheels of the freight engine. The\\nlion or grizzly bear can carry an ox for hours through\\nforest or jungle, and, indeed, over the rockiest prominences\\nof their native wilds, with the same ease that a cat could\\nbear a mouse; yet, in a fair race, the greyhound could\\noutrun and leave them miles behind him in a few hours.\\nWho has not read of the little, active, and slim David,\\nslaying, with a pebble from his sling, the huge and rounded\\ngiant, Goliath; and yet could Goliath, with hi3 Herculean\\nstrength, have reduced a company of Davids into instant\\nannihilation. Then again, Sampson, with his massive arms\\nand immense shoulders, exerted a strength, in the tearing\\ndown of the Philistines temple, that immolated himself and\\nthousands of his enemies, and yet any school-boy could,\\ndoubtless, outrun him. As an example of tremendous", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "494 RELATIVE PROPORTION ft OF WIDTH TO HEIGHT IN MANKIND.\\nphysical strength, Dr. Windship of Boston can lift 2,600 lbs.\\nwith straps over his shoulders. Now, let us note the\\nmanner of his build he is short and broad, with muscles\\non his shoulders as hard and prominent as those of a draft-\\nhorse; while, on the other hand, the famous American\\npedestrian, Weston, is of spare build, and could probably\\nwalk more in one day than the formidable Windsbip could\\nin two or three. Strength, as an invariable rule, is found\\nin broad bodies, while its opposite action may be traced\\nto men of little or no ponderosity.\\nHence, Windship, with his wonderful development of\\nphysique, has a compact, fine, hard, and strong muscular\\norganization; while Weston, with his almost incredible\\npowers of activity, is less hard than springy, lighter, more\\nporous, and consequently flabbier in general construction.\\nThe blending of these adverse conditions is commor\\nenough, but the manner of their amalgamation with its full\\ncomprehension is where the difficulty lies, and which to\\nattain by accurate solution requires study, observation, and\\nextensive research. As a general rule, the mouth and chin\\nare excellent indicators of the slim or even round varieties\\nof the animal species. Indeed, where we find a wide\\nmouth and wide chin, the other surrounding features are\\nlikewise large; hence the massiveness of the Physiognomy\\ninvariably indicates the massiveness of the body, and governs\\nthe whole texture, be it in man or animal, with equal\\nsolicitude. The abdominal form of such an individual also\\npredominates. However, if you should discover that the\\nmouth is diminutive and the chin narrow, then the long\\nand slim order is in the ascendant.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "PENETRATION OF MIND.\\nThis faculty shews an extraordinary development in some\\npeople, and so keen and discriminative are those who pos-\\nsess it in an inordinate degree, that they are enabled to\\npeer into our very souls, and to penetrate with equal\\nfacility every passion and energy of the human mind. Now,\\nthe word penetrate is, as every intelligent reader knows,\\na transitive verb, signifying, to enter; and in the present\\ninstance, we might deline it with equal accuracy by iterat-\\ning, as it relates so directly to passing thought, that it is\\nan expression used to divine the inmost workings of one s\\nmind, or to enter with intuitive power into the occult\\ncapacities and passions of the understanding.\\nWhen in nature or mechanism we wish to discover pene-\\ntrative qualities, we select objects of decided sharpness;\\nfor dull implements, like dull people, are over-thick in their\\nbluntness, and not at all adapted to the nice distinctions of\\npenetration or perception of character. Hence, having the\\nobjects of this brief article partly explained, we reiterate\\nthat persons possessing the qualities of great insight, acute-\\nness, and sagacity of character are discovered invariably\\nto have sharp features. The features and the mind, there-\\nfore, in this respect, have synonymous significations. The\\none creates the other, and the effect must of necessity bear", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "496\\nPENETRATION OF MIND.\\na similarity to the cause which is plainly evidenced both\\nin nature and philosophy. As the mind becomes sharp,\\npenetrating, and discerning, so will the features assume a\\nlike sharpness. Therefore we assert that animals with\\nsharp features are always keen, discerning, acute, sagacious,\\nand Argus-eyed illustrations of which can be found in\\nthe fox, eagle, crow, and greyhound, all noted for a cast\\nof features of sharpened prominence. Note how keen they\\nare in every action, and how readily they comprehend and\\navoid danger. The hunter will tell you of the difficulty\\nand nice perception which attend a fox-hunt before they\\ncan trap the animal. His insight into men and things is\\nof a penetrative character, hence the difficult task of cap-\\nturing him. Also is the eagle a keen, sagacious bird, and\\nwhen his liberty, or perhaps life, is jeopardized by the\\nsportsman, he makes good his safety by flight. The crow,\\ndiminutive, black, and grim-looking, is ever on the alert\\nfor danger, and penetrates the designs of man so well, that\\na trap is rendered nearly useless to catch it. Then comes\\nthe greyhound, an animal very agile of body, and no less\\nquick of mind, whose discernment of the motives and likes\\nof man seems strangely intuitive, from his remarkable\\nrapidity of understanding them. We must therefore\\nacknowledge, from the foregoing chain of natural sequences,\\nthat sharp noses, sharp eye-bones, sharp chins, and the\\nwhole expression denoting sharpness of form, indicates\\nshrewdness, discernment, aptness, also astuteness, acumen,\\narchness, and subtlety.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "FACIAL SIGNS OF DISEASE.\\nOne of the saddest subjects of history not even the ravages\\nof war excepted is that of disease. When the world was\\nyoung, and each individual in it had sufficient space in\\nwhich to breathe with freedom the pure air of heaven,\\ndisease may be said to have been a comparative stranger.\\nBut when men began to multiply upon the earth, and live\\nin closer proximity to each other, gaunt sickness made its\\nappearance, and, irrespective of age, wealth, or rank, laid\\nits withering hand upon the springs of human life, and\\ngradually shut up its thousands in premature graves. What\\nis true of the world as a whole is equally true, in a parti-\\ncular sense, with respect to individual nations. When a\\ncountry is young, and bears on its soil the tread of a limited\\nnumber of settlers, the physician s office is, in a large\\nmeasure, but a sinecure. But as years roll on, and the\\npopulation increases, both from within and from without,\\nthe causes of disease seem to multiply, until grave-digging\\nand funeral-undertaking become not only regular, but\\nlucrative trades. War, like Saul the son of Kish, has slain\\nits thousands but of disease it may be said, as was sung of\\nIsrael s greatest king, that it has slain its tens of thousands.\\nNor could the world last long were it otherwise. Nature\\ndoes not seem to be able to provide for an unbroken stream\\nof population, and, therefore, all over the earth she sends\\ndisease, to this city and to that, to this village and to that,\\nto this hamlet and to that, removing with a merciful hand\\n2i", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "498 PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS.\\nthe few for the sake of the many. We say with a merciful\\nhand, for what could be more unmerciful than to allow the\\npopulation of the world to outgrow the material provisions\\nof nature? Thus civilization, under the guidance of a kind\\nProvidence, both builds up and pulls down. The vessel\\nwhich carries within her the seeds of intelligence and\\nculture to be scattered over some benighted transoceanic\\ncountry, bears with her also the elements of disease of\\nwhich the new country knows nothing; but for which its\\nheart is grateful in after years, when able to look at things\\nwith a common sense, philosophic eye. That which is\\nsuperfluous, nature tries to get rid of, not only in things\\ninanimate, but among men as well, so that during a\\ncampaign, as if dissatisfied with the number shot on the\\nfield, she scatters disease among the unwounded, until the\\nslain in battle are as nothing compared to those who\\ngradually succumb to consumption, fever, c. Thus do we\\nsee working around us a beautiful balancing machinery,\\nwhich, while lopping off individuals, makes arrangements\\nfor the prosperity and happiness of the whole. Nor is\\nthere anything arbitrary in this. It all happens according\\nto natural law. There is no stern, inexorable being over\\nus, pushing disease into our bodies. If we put our fingers\\ninto a fire, our fingers will be burned so by the same law,\\nwhen certain conditions are fulfilled among men, and they\\nare surrounded with certain circumstances, disease springs\\nup naturally, and they are seized and die. And if men will\\nviolate the laws of nature, as they seem to be determined\\nto do to the end of the chapter, it is in harmony at once\\nwith justice and mercy that they should suffer the conse-\\nquences. Suffering, however, is not an end it is but the\\nmeans to an end. And so we see the Great Parent oi us\\nall, taking advantage of human folly and human violations\\nof law, in order to work out the world s happiness.\\nHaving made these preliminary remarks, we shall now", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS. 499\\nturn our attention to the subject-proper of this essay viz.,\\nPathognomonic signs or diseases, and how to discern liabi-\\nlities or tendencies to them in the human system.\\nPersons with large heads and small delicately-constructed\\nbodies, will be found very liable to have consumption or\\ndyspepsia; because the head, taking to itself an unpro-\\nportionate amount of nourishment required for thought-\\nproducing purposes, deprives the lungs and stomach of that\\nwhich is necessary to their strength and full development,\\nand these organs, gradually becoming weak, are, as a natural\\nconsequence, laid open to disease. The primary cause of\\nconsumption, it is said, is a lack of fresh air. In a body\\nnot sufficiently oxygenized, there is produced a cheesy kind\\nof matter called tubercle, which moves about in the blood,\\nand lodges itself in the first deranged organ. When cold is\\ncaught the lungs get deranged, and losing the power of\\npassing on unnecessary blood, they receive the tubercle, and\\nimmediately consumption begins. Now, a weak body\\nmade weaker by the suction of a disproportionate head,\\ncannot very easily inhale a sufficient quantity of oxygen,\\nfor not only are the lungs weak, but there is a correspond-\\ning weakness in the skin, the pores of which have been\\ncalled the surface lungs of such, therefore, a predisposi-\\ntion to consumption may safely be predicted. Indivi-\\nduals, again, whose lungs are large in comparison to\\nother parts of the body, are very liable to scrofulous\\ndiseases; while it may be affirmed, without the slightest\\nhesitation, of corpulent people, that they have a predis-\\nposition to inflammatory rheumatism, apoplexy, gout, fevers,\\nand diseases lying on the same line of causes. People\\nwith a bony frame- work, indicating a dry, juiceless con-\\nstitution, not at all favourable to bodily secretions,\\nhave sure signs of a tendency to liver disease and chronin\\nrheumatism. People with such a constitution will also be\\nfound to hrve a dry, inactive skin. When the face is of a", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "500 PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS.\\nwnxy or tallowy complexion, with a hollow on each side\\nover the inferior maxillary bone, an inch and a-half from\\nthe point of the chin, we may safely conclude that the\\nindividual is subject to weakness or disease in the kidneys;\\nand when the inner corners of the eyes are hollow, and of\\na bluish tinge, there can be no doubt that pharyngeal\\ncatarrh is making sad havoc in the head. Again, hollow\\ncheeks indicate a weak stomach; and narrow nostrils,\\naccompanied with a hectic flush on each cheek, back from\\nthe junction of the nose with the face, give evidence of\\nweak lungs, and a liability to pulmonary disease. When\\nthe skin across the forehead and in front of the ears is of\\na yellow or sallow hue, tinted with brown spots, this\\nindicates weakness and general inaction of the liver. In\\nsevere cases of sickness, brought on by disappointment in\\nlove, the clear lustre of the eyes, directed toward the lost\\nand precious object, retires, the eyelids droop, and a vivid\\nflorid colour settles upon the lips, while, in cases of extreme\\npassional desire, the eyes seem to roll up, the lids to close\\nmore nearly, the mouth to open slightly, the tongue to\\nbe laid carelessly on the edge of the teeth, and the lips to\\ntake on an increase of colour. It was in this manner that\\nHogarth, one of the world s most original artists, painted\\nDanae a victim of passional love. Here we give, from\\nmemory, an instance in which the great physician Erasis-\\ntratus discovered this love passion lurking in a patient\\nand sapping his Very life. Antiochus, the Crown Prince\\nand son of King Seleucus, fell passionately in love with\\nthe young Queen Stratonice, his stepmother, who had\\ngiven birth to a son by Seleucus, his father. The prince,\\nbeing overpowered by his passion, fell sick and refused\\nall manner of nourishment, being determined to put an\\nend to his miserable life. Erasistratus, with his keen and\\npractised eyes, observing the change of his countenance,\\nand also of his pulse, whenever the queen entered the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS. 501\\nroom, was very soon convinced that the prince was dying\\nfor his mother-in-law; and knowing something of the old\\nking s tenderness for his son, he, one morning when the\\nking enquired about his health, told him that the sickness of\\nthe prince was caused by love, and that it being impossible\\nfor him to possess the object loved, his disease was incur-\\nable. On what ground, demanded the king, is the\\npassion of my son incurable Because/ answered Eras-\\nistratus, he is in love with the person to whom I am\\nmarried. Thereupon the king begged him by all his\\npast favours to save his son and successor. Sire, said\\nErasistratus, would your majesty but imagine yourself\\nin my place you would see the unreasonableness of your\\nwish. Heaven is my witness, said Seleucus, that I\\ncould resign even my Stratonice to save my Antiochus!\\nAt this point the tears ran down the king s cheeks, which\\nErasistratus observing, he. took him by the hand and said,\\nSire, if these are your real sentiments, the prinoe s life\\nis safe; it is Stratonice for whom he pines. On hearing\\nthis, Seleucus immediately gave orders to solemnize the\\nmarriage of his son to the queen, which was attended to,\\nStratonice generously exchanging the father for the son.\\nPassionate, silent, unrequited love is the worm which\\neats the heart until not only the blossom and the leaves,\\nbut the whole green, once hopeful life entirely disappears.\\nStudy well the indications given above, and you will have\\nno difficulty in detecting it.\\nA lank or sunken cheek opposite the molar or double\\nteeth invariably indicates a weak stomach; and hollow\\ntemples are indications of a weak liver.\\nPrivate diseases affect more or less the generative organs,\\nand consequently the eyes, because they are connected, as\\nexplained on page 299. Be watchful, and you will find that\\nmen who are slaves to that horrible practice by which\\nthe systems of young people are so often drained cannot", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "502 PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS.\\nlook you steadily in the face. Their eyelids droop, all manly\\nstamina is gone, they are subjects of remorse, and are easily\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2detected. Leucorrhea, when settled, is indicated by what\\nmay be called a livid hue about the mouth, and discolora-\\ntion round the under eyelids, and in cases of gonorrhea, the\\neye becomes dull and watery, while in constitutional\\nsyphilis the iris of the eye will often change to a green\\nhue. An unusual redness of the entire face too often\\nsignifies moral sickness, while blotches settling surely,\\nthough slowly on the countenance, proclaim the open or\\nsecret inebriate. Well may we say, in the language of\\nShakespeare, O thou invisible spirit .of wine; if thou\\nhast no name to be known by, let us call thee Devil. We\\nhave thus given a synopsis of Pathognomonic signs, with-\\nout going into the causes of disease. These, no doubt, are\\nmany and varied, some having their origin around us,\\nothers springing up within us; but is it not a fact that\\nmedicine vendors help, if not to originate disease, at least\\nto prolong it? However this may be, the Scotch sexton,\\nwho was rebuked by the parish doctor for an insignifi-\\ncant mistake he had made connected with the ringing\\nof the church bell, spoke more truth than medical men in\\ngeneral, and village doctou in particular, would perhaps\\nbe prepared to admit, when he gently replied, I think,\\nDr., you might look over a small mistake like that, for it s\\nwell known that I have covered up many of your faults.\\nWe have just hinted that medical men are slow in taking\\nblame to themselves when patients succumb under their\\ntreatment, and this happens, as the following illustration\\nwill shew, even when it incurs loss to themselves. A\\ngentleman, whose wife was sick, being strong in the busi-\\nness faculty and apt at a bargain, said to the doctor when\\nthat functionary called, Before you go to work, doctor, I\\nwish to make a bargain with you, and this will save all\\nill-feeling when your account is sent in. Whether you kilJ", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS. 503\\nmy wife or cure her, I promise to give you twenty pounds.\\nDoes this satisfy you? Quite, replied the doctor, and\\nwent to his work. The wife having died in his hands, ho\\ncalled shortly after the funeral and presented his bill. Did\\nyou cure my wife? asked the widower. No, answered\\nthe doctor. Did you kill her? continued the widower.\\nI certainly did not, replied the doctor. Then, added\\nthe widower, I have nothing for you the bargain being,\\nas you must remember, twenty pounds whether you killed\\nor cured her. The astonished doctor seeing his mistake,\\nbut not feeling free to confess whatever might be his\\nprivate opinion that he had, by negligence or ignorance,\\nhelped to send the deceased to her grave, was obliged in\\nconsequence, to leave the house without his much -desired\\nfee. There are, however, instances of honesty, even among\\nthe disciples of Esculapius. A witness being examined in\\na court was asked the following questions to which he gave\\nthese memorable answers Did you ever tell a falsehood\\nSir, I am not a lawyer. Did you ever poison anybody V\\nSir, I am not a druggist. Come now tell me honestly\\ndid you ever assist anybody into the other world? I\\nmust confess (very solemnly) that I am a doctor.\\nWe may laugh at the above exhibitions, and no doubt\\nwe do; at the same time we cannot shut our eyes to the\\nfact that, with the increase of doctors, comes an increase of\\ndisease. Of course this statement might be reversed, and\\nperhaps with plausibility, but while we readily admit that\\na goodly number of the Faculty practise self-denial, and\\nlive day and night for the good of society, it cannot be\\nsuccessfully denied that the medical profession can boast\\nof more ignorant, stupid, selfish, money-seeking members\\n(the clergy excepted) than any other profession in the\\nworld. As an illustration of what we mean, take the fol-\\nlowing. An aged doctor had a very wealthy patient whose\\nhand was injured, and the case being an interesting one,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "504 PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNS.\\nthe doctor made his visits as frequent as possible. Several\\nprescriptions were recommended, but instead of improving,\\nthe hand daily grew worse. One day the old doctor, not\\nbeing able to attend the patient himself, sent his son, who\\nhad just begun to practice, and who was not very deeply\\nskilled in the secrets of the profession. When the son\\nreturned home, the father asked how the old gentleman s\\nhand was to-day? All right, was the young man s\\nreply, I found a thorn in it and extracted it, and now\\nall s well. You are a born fool, replied the father,\\nwhy, you have gone and spoiled the* job. Now, what\\ncan be said of such men as this old doctor, but that they\\nare heartless, and could look on and see their patients\\nsuffering the most excruciating pain, and even increase it,\\nif only by that means they could make themselves rich.\\nWe confess that we have a great admiration for the manner\\nin which Old Nicholas of Russia treated his medical\\nadvisers. Once, when in the company of a German prince,\\nwho was often prostrated by sickness, he asked him\\nhow he dealt with his doctors. I suppose I do just as\\nother people do, replied the prince, I pay them for\\nattending me when I am ill. Why, then/ replied\\nNicholas, you have but to adopt my system, and as\\nsure as you are a prince, your good health will return.\\nAnd what is your system? asked the prince. It is\\nthis, answered the Czar, I pay my doctors so much per\\nday when I am well, but the moment they allow me to\\nbecome sick their pay is stopped, and that I believe\\naccounts for my good health. The prince being struck\\nwith this plan, adopted it, and it is said that he was so\\nvery seldom ill afterwards, that he never ceased to be\\ngrateful to his imperial counsellor. Let the wealthy\\nreader go and do likewise,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL\\nMEANS.\\nIt is unquestionable that of all the objects which we\\nusually call works of nature, none is so beautiful as a\\nperfect human form. Fine specimens are found in the\\nregion between the Mediterranean, the Black, and the\\nCaspian Seas that region in which, according to history,\\nthe Caucasian race first came forth as the highest type\\nof mankind. In proportion to his removal from the place\\nof his origin, and intermixture by marriage, or otherwise\\nwith other races of people, he is found superior in intellec-\\ntual capacity to the unmixed races who inhabit the three\\nsouthern continents, where the most deformed, as well as\\ndegenerate races are located. It is not given to us to trace\\nout the steps of this degeneration either in nature or history.\\nBut we are to direct attention to some of the capricious\\nmethods by which men have artificially disfigured them-\\nselves in obedience to some law of fashion that has acquired\\nascendancy over good taste and common sense, and coun-\\nteracted the efforts of nature to produce beautiful forms of\\nhuman kind.\\nAlmost every nation, during every age, has had some\\npeculiar fashion of this sort. Some races have compressed\\nthe head into unnatural shapes, others the feet, and others\\nagain, the waist; some have added unnatural colours to\\nthe body, others have removed part of the hair that was", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "506 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\ngiven for its covering; and so on in endless variety. It\\nis impossible to assign a cause, or trace the origin of each\\nof these fashions. But one need only open his eyes\\nin any church, hall, or other place of public resort, even\\nin these Christian lands, to assure himself that fashion has\\nprescribed many things both inconvenient and deleterious,\\nand has found willing and obedient subjects ready to\\nsacrifice themselves to her pleasure. Houses are desolated,\\nhearts are broken, properties are squandered, thousands\\nare thrust into untimely graves, and the regions of the\\nlost in the unseen world are filled, as the result of this\\nslavish obedience. Aches, pains, misery, and even death\\nitself are willingly endured by the votaries of fashion. It\\nbreeds discontentment, vice, and crime; woman is robbed\\nof her virtue, and man of his honour, in order to satisfy\\nher unconscionable demands.\\nThe love of praise may safely be considered as the sup-\\nporter and feeder, if not the instigator of fashion; but it is\\ndifficult to discover how men came to praise what is ugly\\nor injurious, so as to induce its cultivation. Perhaps a key\\nmight be found in the circumstance of some distinguished\\npersonage having been the subject of a natural or accidental\\ndeformity. It is matter of history that in the reign of\\nHenry VIII. gentlemen about the English court used to\\nstuff their waistcoats in order to produce an imitation of\\nthe king s corpulence. More recently, English ladies\\naffected what was called the Alexandra limp, pretending\\nto be partially lame, because the beloved princess was so.\\nWhatever the reason in other cases, the fact is, that no part\\nof the human body has been exempt from tampering\\ninfluences and artificial changes, produced by some nation\\nor other as matter of mere fashion.\\nBeginning with the ancients, we find Hippocrates record-\\ning that the human head had been tampered with and\\nartificially moulded even before his day. Senertus also", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 507\\nthought of this as among the causes of ill formed heads,\\nthat the tender skulls of infants were bandaged by mid-\\nwives and nurses, and moulded with the hand, according to\\ntheir irregular and varying fancies.\\nThe earliest people whose practices in this way are\\nparticularly recorded were the Macrones of Pontus, who\\ncompressed the head into a tall shape, whence the name,\\nMacrocephalic, or great heads, as in fig. 1.\\nThose having the highest heads were deemed the most\\nperfect gentlemen. As soon as the child was born, the\\nhead was carefully compressed to secure the desired height;\\nnor were the efforts relaxed until the skull had become\\nsufficiently hard to secure the continuance of the form\\nthroughout life.\\nHippocrates informs us that the Scythians, who inhabited\\nPhasis, chose a head formed\\nlike a sugar-loaf, as a token of\\nnobility, to distinguish the\\nhigh-born from the vulgar. In\\nprocess of time, all the children\\nvTe born with conical heads,\\nand the arts of the midwife\\nwere dispensed with; where-\\nupon nature, left to her liberty,\\nturned by little and little to\\nrecover her natural configura-\\ntion. The Silesian, Atticke,\\nArgive, and Phoxi were noted\\nin ancient times as having\\nturbinated heads. Also the\\npeople in Peru, two hundred\\nyears ago, had wonderful\\ncoronal accuminations. Strabo mentions Indians who had\\npiked and wedge-shaped heads. And to this day, there are\\nAmerican Indians along the banks of the Columbia River,\\nFig. 1.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Ma", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "DOS FASHION; OR. MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nand on the island of Victoria, whose heads are wedge-\\nshaped and conical. The following cut of a Quatsino\\nIndian is a fair representation of the sugar-loaf head aa\\nfound among the Indians on the north-western portion of\\nVancouver Island.\\nFig. 2.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Quatsino Indian Girl.\\nFig. 3. A Oilman a Woman.\\nThese heads often measure from fifteen to twenty inches\\nbetween the eyes and the top of the head, exclusive of hair,\\nand are formed by binding the heads when soft with strips\\nof bark.\\nWe are told of a pine-apple form of head as characteristic\\nof the Genuensiants in former times; and Licosthenes says\\nthat in Ploa, a town of Voitland, tall headed infants were\\noccasionally born as late as the year 1545, these being relics\\nof the effects once produced by artificial means. Scaliger\\nrecords that children are born with compressed temples as\\na result of the efforts of former generations. The women of\\nCumana cultivate the long face and high head by compres-\\nsion, as in fig. 3. Perhaps it is from some hereditary\\ntradition in favour of high heads, that, until very recent", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "fashion; or, man deformed B\\\\ ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 5 OS)\\ntimes, the women of Wales wore tall, conical hats. I have\\nseen them attending markets, fairs, and places of public\\namusement, as in fig. 4.\\nFig. 4.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Welsh Wo\\nFig. 5. An Egyptian Man.\\nOn the other hand, the people of Sigiunus, a city of\\nEgypt, take pains to secure a low and flat form of head, as\\nin fig. 5. The low Dutch, the French, and the Portuguese\\nincline to low and elongated heads, more or less flat on the\\ntop. This last peculiarity is observable in the people of\\nBrazil also.\\nBroad heads are the fashion with the Muscovites, as in\\nfig. 6.\\nTheir heads and faces are flattened artificially during\\nchildhood, to secure what is considered a genteel form.\\nThe Apichiquit Pichunsti, Sava, and some other Indian\\ntribes, cultivate the broad head by laying a board or stone\\non the infant forehead, and another on the neck, and bind-\\ning these together until the form is fully established by\\nage, and the bones so hardened that they retain their\\nunnatural shape throughout life. A flat-headed Indian of\\nNorth- Western America is here introduced, to shew how", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "510 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nthey fashionably deform what the Creator has so beautifully\\ndesigned (see fig. 7).\\nFig. 6. A Muscovite Man.\\nFicr. 7. \u00e2\u0080\u0094A Flat-head Indian.\\nTwo hundred years ago, there were men in Old Port, in\\nthe West Indies, who cultivated a square form of head by\\nartificial means. When the child was young, they used\\nFig. 8. A West Indiaman. Fig. 9.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Gieek Man.\\nboards on the sides, and even wooden boxes to inclose the\\nskull, until nature not only retained the shape in the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED B? ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 511\\nindividual so treated, but transmitted it to future genera-\\ntions by the production of children born with these square\\nheads.\\nThe Ancient Greeks were otherwise minded. They were\\ncelebrated for admiring a globular shape of head. (Fig. 9.)\\nPericles the Athenian, who, as Plutarch informs us, had a\\nlong head, in shape like a mallet, became an object of\\nridicule to the comedians of his day on this account; and\\nthe Attic poets nicknamed him Cynocephalum that is,\\ndog s head.\\nAlbertus Magnus commended round heads, adding, that\\nthis form was promoted by the cares of the nurses in mould-\\ning the infant skull.\\nTo this day the Grecians and Turks rejoice in the posses-\\nsion of heads bearing considerable resemblance to globes;\\nand the peculiarity is said to be still cultivated by com-\\npression in childhood.\\nMegasthenes, Pliny, and\\nGellius, whose tastes were\\ndoubtless formed on the\\nglobular type, proclaimed\\nthat in Scythia there were\\npeople with dogs beads, as\\nin fig. 10.\\nOther able and truthful\\nauthors assure us that the\\ndog-face is common in\\nTartary. Marcus Paulus,\\na Venetian, mentions an\\nisland called Daganian, of\\nwhich the inhabitants have heads like unto dogs; and\\nPausanias records that Euphemus, by descent a Carian, saw\\nsuch people in the islands of the ocean, when he was driven\\non their shores by adverse winds, as he was sailing towards\\nItaly.\\nFig. 10.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Scythian Man.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "512 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nSeveral ancient writers have spoken of Acephali, or men\\nwithout heads. Hela says that the Belinii are headless,\\nand have all the usual features of the face in their breasts,\\nas in fig. 11. Solinus gives the same account; so does\\nGellius. Pliny affirms the\\nsame strange fact; and St.\\nAugustine expresses himself\\nthus: I was Bishop of\\nHipo, and, with certain ser-\\nvants of Christ, I travelled\\nto Ethiopia to preach the\\nGospel of Christ unto them;\\nand we saw there many men\\nand women having no heads,\\nbut large eyes fixed in their\\nbreasts, their other members\\nlike unto ours. Fulgosus\\nrepeats in substance the tes-\\ntimony of Augustine. Sir\\nWalter Raleigh says that the\\nEwaipanomi are a strange, headless race, and mentions a\\npeople on the River Caora whose heads appear not above\\ntheir shoulders. This is probably the true explanation of\\nthe Acephali wherever found. The head has been thrust\\ndown, and the shoulders raised, until no throat was visible,\\nand the facial features appeared to be in the breast.\\nAnother set of fashions operates on the noses of human\\nbeings. The islanders of Zanzibar used to have their noses\\nturned upwards; and the size of nostril in the females,\\nwhich to a stranger must have appeared a great deformity,\\nwas reckoned the height of fashion. (Fig. 12.)\\nOn the other hand, the Huns used to flatten down the\\nnoses of their boys, that these protuberances should not\\nhinder them in donning their helmets one of the few\\nvagaries that even pretend to have a reason for their exist-\\nFig. 11.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Belinii Man.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 513\\nence. In Caffraria, Lower Ethiopia, and Mozambique, flat\\nnoses are in request: it is preferred that they should be so\\nby nature, otherwise artificial methods are employed. The\\ninhabitants of Tartary used to cut and pare down the\\nnose, especially the upper part between the eyes, covering\\nFig. 12. A Woman of Zanzibar.\\nFig. 13.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Woman of Scatia.\\nit with black ointment. Friar William, Dr. Babraquis, a\\nFrenchman, reports that when he visited the court of\\nFig. 14. A Peruvian .Man. Fig. 15.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Persian Mao.\\n2k", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "514 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nScatia, he observed that the queen had her nose quite\\npared down on the upper part, so that the space between\\nthe eyes was flat. It requires little stretch of imagination\\nto fancy what would be the effect on a nation of such a\\nfashion set by the queen (see fig. 13).\\nIn Peruviana, hundreds of years ago, a large nose was\\nconsidered desirable, as in fig. 14. The people took great\\npains accordingly to pull the nose out of its natural dimen-\\nsions. The Persians of old held high noses in admiration,\\nCyrus having had such a one; and they would allow none\\nbut aquiline-nosed persons to rule over them.\\nThe women of East India bore the wings of the nostril,\\nand wear in it rings and other ornaments, as in fig. 16.\\nFig. 16. A Kyast Banian Woman, of\\nSurat, in Western India.\\nFig. 17. A Flat-head Indian.\\nSome of the North American Indian tribes bore their\\nnoses through the septum, and insert sticks, quills, or\\npieces of ivory, holding this style to be a mark of beauty.\\nFor, however horrid a fashion raav be, or destructive of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 515\\nreal beauty, it will be adopted throughout any nation, if\\nonly it be used by the nobility or other leaders of society.\\nThe black people of Cornori formerly had horribly large\\nears, from which hung numerous rings set with stones;\\nand, as a general rule, the nobler the woman s lineage, the\\nlarger were her ears (see fig. 18).\\nIn the city of Cochi the women used to put large pieces\\nof lead in the lobules of the ears, and draw them down to\\naa enormous length, as in fig. 19.\\nFip. 18. A Cornori Woman.\\nFig. 19. A Cochi Woman.\\nThe men of Cochi also became enamoured of this, to us,\\nrepulsive fashion, and extended their ears in the samo\\nmanner as the women. The ladies of our own country\\nare fond of hanging jewels by holes bored in the ears,\\nbut it is merely for ornament, not for distorting or enlarg-\\ning the organ small ears never lose their claim to admir-\\nation among us; but earrings, which we t quite out of\\nfashion about forty years ago, and were under ban for at\\nleast twenty, are now all the rage again.\\nIn Turkey, those women who had the largest mouths", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "516 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nwere at one time accounted the most beautiful; and as\\nart is always called in to metamorphose nature in obedience\\nto the demands of fashion, however absurd and tyrannical,\\nTurkish women succeeded in displaying mouths to remind\\nus of an annual lease, which is from (y) ear to (y) ear (see\\nfig. 20).\\nThere is an account given of a people in Ethiopia who\\nmade a practice of drawing down the under lip, until many\\ntimes it was found to measure eighteen inches in length.\\nSalt was used to prevent the putrefaction to which the\\nsoft inner skin would have been liable -from such exposure\\nto the action of the sua and air.\\nFig. 20.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Woman of Turkey. Fig. 21.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Au Ethiopian.\\nThose cannibals called Paries formerly had a custom of\\nboring three large holes in their faces, one in the under\\nand two in the upper lip, as in fig. 22. Into these holes\\nthey inserted green stones.\\nSome of the tribes about Sierra Leone have been observed\\nwith teeth filed to points, so as to resemble saw-teeth and\\nto this day the practice is continued among many of the\\ntribes in Ethiopia and Mozambique. Fig. 23 exhibits the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0540.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 517\\nfashion of sharply-filed teeth that once prevailed among\\nthe Macus.\\nFig. 22.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Pane Man.\\nFig. 23.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Macu Man.\\nIn the island of Tanibali there once lived a set of\\npeople with artificially-cloven\\ntongues (fig. 24).\\nIt is said they used divers\\nkinds of language, and imi-\\ntated not only different voices\\nof men, but the singing of\\nseveral birds. The slit which\\nformed the division was in\\nthe middle of the tongue,\\nand parallel with its greatest\\nmeasurement; the organ was,\\ntherefore, in no wise seriously\\ninjured, or its ordinary func-\\ntions interfered with. Galen,\\nthe celebrated physician of\\nGreece, demonstrated to the ancients that the tongue was\\nby nature double, each side being supplied with a separate\\nset of vessels, nerves, c, so that each side was supported\\nFig. 24.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Tanibalian.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0541.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "518 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEARS.\\nindependently of the other, and could perform its functions\\nalone. Modern anatomical dissection has confirmed this\\nview, and demonstrated the duality of the tongue and\\nbrain, as well as of the eyes, ears, heart, lungs, kidneys,\\nand other bodily organs which are more )bviously double.\\nSmall hands and feet in the female sex are, among\\nEuropean nations, generally esteemed as indicative of\\ngenteel birth and refinement. The ladies of Portugal,\\nespecially those among the nobility, used to cultivate this\\nelegance by artificial means in the olden time. The hands\\nof female children were bound with cloth to retard their\\nFie:. 25.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Portuguese Woman.\\nFie. 26.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Chinese Man.\\ngrowth, and promote a soft and delicate appearance. Of\\ncourse, this must have been practised with moderation\\nand care, or the shape of the hand would have been greatly\\ndisfigured (fig. 25).\\nMarchus informs us that the people living along the\\nbanks of the river Thomeras used to have hard, sharp,\\nand very long nails, with which they killed fish,\\nand cut soft wood, as they had not learned the us\u00c2\u00a9", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0542.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 519\\nof iron. Even now there are people in China who\\nwear their nails so long that they can use them instead\\nof forks, or rather chopsticks. It is said that the nail is\\nsometimes as long as the finger on which it grows. There\\nmust, of course, be unusual strength in such nails, or they\\nwould break off with use long before they attained such\\na size (fig. 26).\\nWe have heard of coloured ladies in Demerara who\\ncultivated long tapering nails, to shew that, through the\\nindulgence of their temporary husbands, they were utterly\\nexempt from every kind of work. There is reason, such\\nas it is, in this fashion, which is more than can be said\\nfor most of those we are describing.\\nTo come nearer home. Our own countrywomen yes,\\nand some of the men have in various ages believed that\\nFig. ?7. Miss Tight-laced. Young\\nman, there is a life-time of misery\\ntied up in. this waspish form.\\nFig. 28.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Natmal waist. Here\\nreside health, joy, and love.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0543.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "520 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\na wasp-like smallness of waist was a great beauty. Any\\none above two score years of age can recollect that before\\nhe was in his teens, and for some time after, the ladies\\ngenerally, and those among the men who were called\\ndandies, used, especially on high occasions, to strive with\\nmight and main to lace their too tight stays as close as\\npossible; the effect of which was not only an appearance\\nobviousfy artificial, and very ridiculous (see fig. 27), but\\na condition of present pain and future danger. Thousands\\nwere sent to an early grave by this pernicious custom;\\nthe vital parts not having sufficient room to play, and\\nbecoming diseased. The fashion went out, however, per-\\nhaps because so many fearful examples of its fatal con-\\nsequences had appeared and after it, disappeared the\\ncustom of displaying the waist out of doors. Of late\\nyears, however, the shrouding of the figure has been cast\\noff; none but grandmothers remember the miseries that\\nobliged tight-lacing to disappear, and it is shewing itself\\nagain among our vain, silly, and characterless females.\\nTight-lacing finds a counterpart, with far less injurious\\nresults, in the Chinese custom of bandaging the limbs and\\nconfining the feet. Moreover, only the nobility can afford\\nto be thus crippled for life; and the practice, though cruel\\nand to us repulsive, is quite circumscribed. Here is a repre-\\nsentation of a Chinese woman with artificially compressed\\nfeet. Sometimes the part touching the ground is not more\\nthan two inches long (fig-. 29).\\nIt is difficult to believe that the subjects of the Celestial\\nEmpire really consider these malformations beautiful; more\\nprobably it is matter of pride, the disabled feet being\\nindicative of the fact, that the lady was born in a rank of\\nlife to exempt her from using her nether limbs, and entitle\\nher to be carried whithersoever she may please optate.\\nAs the reverse of this, there is a people in India that\\nrejoice in feet which measure eighteen inches; and they", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0544.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 521\\nlabour as assiduously to elongate these members as the\\nChinese do to shorten theirs (fig. 30). It must be admitted\\nthat the long feet are much more serviceable than those\\nwhich are too short to admit of walking. In India beyond\\nthe Ganges, there once lived, as we are told, a race called\\nFiz. 29.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Chinese Woman.\\nFig. 30. A Sciopede Man.\\nRciopedes, with feet of monstrous size; and at the present\\nday, the inhabitants of Guinea are distinguished for long\\nlegs, broad feet, and enormously long toes. There are,\\nhowever, no records by which we can trace the origin of\\nthese peculiarities to capricious artifices.\\nIn America and England, the people have not always\\nbeen wholly guiltless of tampering with their feet in obedi-\\nence to the laws of fashion. To say nothing of the custom\\nof wearing boots or shoes which are much too tight, for the\\nsake of appearing to have a small foot, it is to be noted that\\nduring several centuries our own fashionables wore such", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0545.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "522 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nlong, narrow, pointed shoes, as must have been most incon\u00c2\u00ab\\nvenient. We read of them so early as the reign of Henry I.,\\nwhen they drew forth the severe rebukes of the clergy.\\nThey were named pigacice, and are represented as having\\nhad points like a scorpion s tail. Sometimes they were\\nstuffed so that they might be twisted like a ram s horn.\\nIt was said that these peaked shoes were invented by a\\ngentleman who had a deformed foot; certain it was, though\\nremarkable, that the ladies never patronized such extrava-\\ngance of shape as the men did. In a work called Eulogium\\nof Richard II. s time, it is said Their shoes and pattens\\nare snouted and piked, more than a finger long, crooking\\nupwards, resembling devils claws, and fastened to the knees\\nwith chains of gold and silver. In the reign of Henry VI.,\\nthe points were no longer turned up, but they shot out to a\\nmost amazing length, ending with a point like a needle;\\nand how the gallants contrived to walk in them is admitted\\nto be one of the mysteries of history. What troubled the\\nclergy more, perhaps, was the difficulty their people had in\\nkneeling, For, says one in Charles I. s reign, one s boots\\nand shoes are so long-snouted that we can hardly kneel in\\nGod s house.\\nAnother fashion, at once inconvenient and dangerous,\\nprevailed in England during the first half of the present\\ncentury. The Prince Regent, afterwards George IV, had\\nunsightly scars about the glands of his throat, and adopted a\\nmode of dress fitted to conceal them. Stiff black stocks from\\nfour to six inches deep were worn by the fashionable men\\nwhile stiff shirt collars came out above them, reaching half-\\nway up the cheeks, and often scrubbing the ears severely.\\nBeau Brummel s dress was a fair specimen. See cut of\\nBeau Brummel on page 144 in this book.\\nPerhaps no part of the human body has been so generally\\ndealt with in an arbitrary manner as the hair, which has\\nbeen given for its protection. In the Indies, there formerly", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0546.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 523\\nwas a tribe cf Cumanans, who plucked off all the hair of\\ntheir eyebrows, and took the greatest pride in this unnatural\\ndepillation. In like manner, the Brazilian females used to\\neradicate their eyebrows, and could give no other reason\\nthan that it was a long-established custom; and who ever\\nknew any practice so absurd or injurious that the majority\\nof women, with many rare and noble exceptions, would not\\nconform to it if it had become fashionable? The most obvious\\nuse of the eyebrow hair is to arrest the perspiration, which\\notherwise might flow down into the eyes and injure them.\\nPossibly, therefore, the practice of eradicating this hair\\nmight originally have been the desire of shewing that the\\nlady was above such labour as would produce perspiration.\\nThe practice of plucking out the beard and whiskers pre-\\nvails among the various tribes of Indians I have visited in\\nAmerica. The white man shaves his face, the Chinaman\\nhis head (fig. 31). Both practices are contrary to nature,\\nand are rebuked by the\\nconsequences which ensue.\\nThe tri-facial, or fifth\\npair of nerves, with their\\nthree branches, are distri-\\nbuted about the face aad\\neyes; the branch whicL\\nruns to the upper lip, and\\nthat which goes to the eye,\\nbeing connected at the\\ncaesarian ganglion, and\\nthen by the body of the\\nfifth nerve with the brain.\\nHence whatever irritates\\nor exposes the upper lip,\\nas shaving of necessity does, must irritate and weaken the\\neyes, if not impair the harmonious condition of the entire\\nnervous system, as all are closely connected whereas wear\\nFig. 31. A Chinaman, with his\\nhead shaven.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0547.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "524 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\ning all the hair that nature has provided for the face\\nstrengthens the eyes, as well as protects the throat from\\ncold, better than any artificial muffting. Fig. 32 is the\\nlikeness of a man who has constantly abjured shaving, and\\nnever had a day s sickness in his life. He resides in San\\nFrancisco, California his name, Captain Staddon. Mark\\nthe healthy expression of every feature.\\nFig. 32. Captain Staddon, of San Francisco, California, who\\nwas never sick.\\nAs a contrast, Henry Ward Beecher is an example of a\\nshaved and popular man an example as conspicuous\\nand popular as could be mentioned (fig. S3). He professes\\nto be a follower of Christ, but fails to follow Him in this\\nrespect; for the Saviour never shaved, if we may judge from\\nhistory, and traditional pictures. Nor does Beecher follow\\nthe Bible in this matter, for it reads thus: They shall not\\nmake baldness upon their head, neither shall they shav*\\noff the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in thei)", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0548.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 525\\nflesh, Leviticus xxi. 5. Also Ye shall not round the\\ncorners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of\\nthy beard, Leviticus xix. 27 and no man can shave with-\\nout marring his beard, and, at least, part of its corners.\\nBeecher may be more properly characterized as a follower\\nof fashion than of Christ\\nor the Scriptures, as he\\nprofesses to be. Yet he\\nis no more so than thou-\\nsands of other professors\\nof the Christian faith. A.\\nclose shaven priest has\\nlong been proverbial. But\\nif, as we have shewn, the\\nnervous system is injured\\nby shaving, and if, as\\nevery one knows, the true\\nbalance of the mind de-\\npends more or less on the,\\nstate of the nerves, the\\nmind is likely to suffer by Fig. 33.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rev. Henry W. Beecher.\\nthis artifice of fashion and as the mind is closely related\\nto the soul, this, of course, suffers also, and who can tell\\nwhether according to theology the interests of the soul may\\nnot be sacrificed to fashion through shaving; and Beecher,\\nby his example, may be damning souls instead of saving\\nthem? We shall forbear to pass judgment, and, in this\\nrespect at least, be out of fashion. But let us urge upon\\nBeecher to set an example of living in accordance with\\nGod s great natural laws, by wearing his beard; also to\\nfollow the example of Christ, and no longer thwart the\\nbenevolent designs of his Creator. Doubtless, God never\\nmade anything no, not a single hair in vain, or as a use-\\nless appendage and it is presumption in any person to say\\nthe beard is useless, or worse than useless, and who will", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0549.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "526 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nutterly remove it as such Beeclier, take warning, a3\\nthe Methodists would say, lest it be everlastingly too late\\nto repent and be saved; for are you not a sinner by\\nnature, and far more by practice?\\nOur English cousins fashions with respect to the hair,\\nwhether of the head or face, have been extremely change-\\nable, but, on the whole, the shaved face and long; hair has\\nbeen most in the ascendant. So early as the reign of\\nHenry I., we read of the long hair and flowing robes that\\ngave the men a ridiculously effeminate appearance. It is said,\\nthat when the king was in Normandy, a bishop preached\\nso eloquently against the sin and wickedness of wearing\\nlong hair, that the monarch and his attendants actually\\nwept; and the prelate, resolved to follow up his advantage,\\ntook from the folds of his sleeve a large pair of shears, and\\ncropped the whole congregation. Strutt tells us that, in\\nthe reign of Henry VII., the hair was parted back from\\nthe forehead, and fell in long flowing ringlets on the\\nshoulders; which made the warriors of that day look very\\neffeminate, particularly a*3 the face was divested of beard,\\nwhiskers, and moustaches. The despotic Henry VIII.\\ncondemned the hair of gentlemen to be cut short, we are\\ntold, to the no small disgust of the gallants of that day,\\nwho, however, were a little consoled by the gracious\\npermission of their sovereign to wear a fierce. beard and\\nlong curling moustaches. This style flourished in the reign\\nof Queen Bess and James I. But Charles set the fashion of\\nwearing a love-lock, which was a curl on the left side,\\nconsiderably longer than the rest. It became quite the\\nrage, though nothing in the annals of hair, wigs,- or periwigs\\never caused such commotion among quiet people, and a\\nquarto volume was written against it, in which it is related\\nthat a nobleman had his cut off on his death-bed, as a\\ncord of vanity, by which he had given the devil a hold\\nto lead him at his pleasure. In the reign of the second", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0550.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 527\\nCharles, the high curled peruke, or the hair parted in front,\\nand falling upon the shoulders and back in heavy masses\\nof corkscrew curls, marks the climax of this fashion in\\nmen.\\nUp to the end of last century, gentlemen who did not\\nkeep valets, were dressed every morning by the barber.\\nThe face was shaved very clean, and the hair of the head\\nloaded with powder and pomatum, before being arranged\\naccording to the mode, and tied in a pigtail behind. When\\nthe hair came to be worn short and unpowdered, gentlemen\\nlearned to shave themselves, and dispense with the barber.\\nFor many years past, the unshaved face has been more and\\nmore prevalent, though at first that is about thirty years\\nago it was, like the short unpowdered hair at the com-\\nmencement of the century, regarded as indicative of\\npolitical principles subversive of the existing order.\\nAs for the estimation of the beard in other lands, we are\\ntold that many of the religious ceremonies among the\\nTartars consist in its proper management and the Chinese\\ndevote much attention to the few straggling hairs they can\\ncoax to grow on their chins. The Russians used to wear\\nenormous beards; the Czar Peter ordered shaving, but\\ncould obtain no obedience, until he appointed officers to\\ncut off the beards of his refractory subjects by force.\\nPerhaps his motive was the same with that of Alexander\\nthe Great, who ordered his Macedonians to be shaved, lest\\ntheir beards should afford a handle to their enemies. The\\nRomans grew their beards to mark any great sorrow; the\\nGreeks, on the contrary, shaved theirs in times of affliction\\nonly, until the time of Alexander. Since the introduction\\nof Christianity to Europe, the Greek and Romish Churches\\nhave waged bitter war on this point the former enforcing\\nthe long beard, the latter enjoining close shaving. Among\\nthe Mahommedans it is considered a sin to cut off the\\nbeard, when once it has been allowed to grow, as they say r", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0551.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "528 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS,\\nthe angels dwell in them. The young men of Persia, Mr\\nMorier says, sigh for a beard, and grease their chins to\\nhasten its growth, because, until they have a respectable\\ncovering there, they are supposed unfit for any place oi\\ntrust.\\nThe general sense of mankind has been that, if a woman\\nhave long hair, it is a glory to her, the abundance of this\\nornament tending much to soften the features. But here\\nagain fashion is arbitrary and tyrannical. Until about the\\ncommencement of the present century, ladies wore their\\nhair powdered, and dressed high on the crown with cushions.\\nThe powder imparted considerable softness to the counten-\\nance. Next, the mode de rigueur was a profusion of curls\\nhanging round the face doubtless a most becoming fashion.\\nBut when Queen Victoria ascended the throne whether it\\nwas owing to her good sense and\\nworthy taste or whether it was\\nsimply to economize time she\\nintroduced the fashion of braid-\\ning plainly in front, and gather-\\ning into small compass behind\\nX the head, shewing, in fact, as\\nJ little hair as possible, and that\\ndressed in the simplest manner.\\nBut the Empress Eugene had a\\nface of such contour as to require\\nno braids she drew her hair\\nFig. 34.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fashionable head-dress back to display it and ever\\nof America in 1860. i i r\\nsince we have had a bare-faced\\nage of women; the hair which, hanging over the temples,\\nwould have softened the features, and concealed any irre-\\ngularity of contour, is gathered to the back, and with the\\naddition of much that is artificial, and a great deal of\\ntrumpery besides, it is formed into as large a mass as it\\nis oossible to produce (fig. 34).", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0552.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 529\\nAmong savage nations, little skilled in the arts of dress,\\nthere prevails more or less the custom of tattooing or\\npainting the body, either in part or over the whole\\nsurface.\\nHerodian describes the Picts of North Britain as people\\nwho painted their entire bodies, and from this circumstance\\nobtained their appellation from their more civilized neigh-\\nbours. The North American Indians are accustomed to\\npaint their bodies\\nafter all manner of\\n.devices. Here is a\\nlikeness of one mark-\\ned with white stripes\\nround the body and\\nacross the face, as I\\nhad his photograph\\ntaken in California\\nwhen he was in full\\ntrim on the occasion\\nof his annual war-\\ndance (fig. 35).\\nHere is an example\\nof a North American\\nIndian, as his body\\nis painted for the\\nchase; shewing how\\nfashion may lead a tribe or people to low animal imitation\\n(fig. 36).\\nWe are told that the ancient Samians were accustomed\\nto burn letters into their foreheads, whence Aristophanes\\ncalls them populum literatum (fig. 37).\\nA curiously deforming custom prevails among the Digger\\nIndians of California. A widow covers half of her face\\nwith the ashes of her deceased husband s body, mixed with\\npitch, and continues to carry this disfigurement until\\n2l\\nFig. 35. A Digger Indian attired for an\\nannual\\n-dance.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0553.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "530 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS\\nthrough time it naturally wears off. The appearance is\\nFig. 36. An Indian of Arizona.\\nFig.. 37.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Saraian Man.\\nwell indicated in fig. 38 of a female Indian of California.\\nDoubtless the idea whence this fashion originated was, that\\na widow ought not to form a new connexion until the\\nlapse of a decent length of time; and this was best secured\\nby rendering her unattractive, at the same time indicating\\npretty distinctly how soon advances might be made. The\\nwidow s caps, which are now made in a becoming Queen\\nMary shape, and may be doffed at any time, are nothing\\nto the pitch and ashes composition for keeping men at\\nun marriageable distance.\\nPatching the face over with small pieces of black silk, of\\nvarious shape, came into fashion in England about the\\nmiddle of the seventeenth century, imported, it is thought,\\nfrom Arabia.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0554.jp2"}, "555": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEAW4 531\\nThe maiden of sixteen and the gray-haired grands a z.ma,\\ncovered their faces with these patches, shaped \\\\V r 3 s ms,\\nmoons, stars, hearts, crosses,\\nand lozenges. A writer in\\nQueen Anne s reign says, he\\nobserved one set of ladies\\nhaving their faces spotted on\\nthe right side, while those in\\nthe opposite boxes had their\\npatches on the left; and in\\nthe middle boxes were ladies\\npatched on both sides. On f\\ninquiry, he learned that the j^^\\nfirst set were Whigs, the\\nsecond Tories, and the third lg v lgger\\nof Galilorma.\\nwere neutral in politics. It\\nis said that the influence of Addison s writings chiefly were\\nsuccessful in banishing patches from England.\\nEnough has been said to shew that every portion of the\\nhuman frame has been deformed by the caprices of fashion\\nat some time and by some people. We might remark on\\nsome arts which are used, not to mar the natural beauty,\\nbut to supply it where deficient. A fine white skin, with\\nroses blooming on the cheeks, is undeniably beautiful; and\\nconsequently, in most of the large cities of Europe, there\\nare females whose occupation it is to prepare ladies for\\nappearing in full dress by enamelling and rouging the\\nskin of the face, neck, and arms. But such appliances are\\nvery deleterious, corroding the tissues, and preventing\\nthe natural flow of perspiration through the pores. The\\nsame may be said, though in a mitigated degree, of the\\nuse of what is called face powder, by the manufacture of\\nwhich a perfumer in London has made a large fortune.\\nFreckles are so derogatory to female beauty, that a lady\\nmay be forgiven for seeking their removal and ws", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0555.jp2"}, "556": {"fulltext": "S3 2 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nappend a recipe that will take theni away if they are remov-\\nable,\\nR. Oxalic acid, x. grs.\\nEssence roses, x. minims.\\nMix and moisten the freckled parts of the skin twice a\\nday with a sponge or cloth saturated with the mixture.\\nIf the freckles are not removed in four weeks, cease to\\nuse the wash.\\nPimples on the face are likewise ugly, and even more\\ndispleasing to the eye. The practice of washing the face\\nmore frequently than the rest of the surface will produce\\nthem, by drawing the blood to that part, to leave its\\nimpurities there. Some years ago, a young minister\\ndescended from the pulpit extremely warm, and in his\\nimpatience splashed his face abundantly with cold water;\\nthe result was a crop of pimples, which were not easily\\nremoved. Whoever, therefore, is subject to this disfigura-\\ntion should freely wash all the rest of his skin, and the\\nface more sparingly.\\nLet us now note some 01\\nthose fashionable customs\\nthat operate indirectly on the\\nhuman frame to its injury.\\nSuch are the use of alcoholic\\nliquors, of tobacco in its\\nvarious forms, of opium, and\\neven tea and coffee, all which,\\nby their operation on the\\nnervous system, tend to de-\\nbilitate the individual, and\\nmar the beauty of the race.\\nIndulgence in strong drink\\ncauses the under eyelids to\\nFig. 39.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hon. Daniel Webster. puff out, and eventually to", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0556.jp2"}, "557": {"fulltext": "FASHION; OR, MAN DEl ORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS. 533\\nfall outwards and downwards away from the eyeballs, as\\nthe result of nervous and muscular exhaustion. See cut (fig.\\n39) of Daniel Webster, who drank to excess. This engrav-\\ning was made from an ambrotype taken from life. The\\nweak and congested under surfaces are thus exposed an\\nunsightly appearance which ought to act as a warning\\nto those who may yet be saved from exhibiting it in their\\nown persons.\\nFig. 40. An Irish Peasant.\\nTobacco is another nerve stimulus, used in this country\\nchiefly in the way of smoking and snuffing, but in America,\\nlargely by chewing and dipping also. Some readers may\\nnot even know what is meant b} 7 dipping. Some ladies\\nof the Southern portion of the United States carry a box\\nof snuff with a stick terminating in a kind of brush. This\\nthey moisten and dip into the snuff, then rub on their\\nteeth, and suck into the mouth. It is simply a lady s\\napproach to chewing the fragrant weed. This tobacco", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0557.jp2"}, "558": {"fulltext": "534 FASHIDN; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\nchewing, besides being a filthy practice, which none of\\nthe lower animals debase themselves with, is highly in-\\njurious to health. It excites the salivary glands, which\\nare situated in and around the mouth, and are six in\\nnumber two parotid, two sub-maxillary, and two sub-\\nlingual. These when excited, as by dipping, chewing, or\\nsmoking tobacco, will pour their saliva into the mouth.\\nThis saliva, being largely mixed with tobacco, is unfit to\\nbe swallowed, and is therefore ejected in spurts upon the\\ncarpet, into the tire, or anywhere that happens. But\\nnature requires this saliva to turn that which is starchy\\nfood in the mouth into srape sugar, and fit the edibles\\nfor the gastric juice of the stomach. The waste of it by\\nspitting, therefore, causes the alimentary canal to do its\\nwork feebly and poorly; thus the blood comes to be in-\\nsufficiently replenished, which leaves every part of the\\norganization in an enfeebled condition, and more susceptible\\nof disease and death. If this does not mar the beauty of\\nthe individual who indulges in it, it causes the offspring\\nto be smaller and weaker than would otherwise be the\\ncase.\\nAmerican and European girls chew a sort of gum, com-\\npounded of several substances, no way pleasant to the\\ntaste. The custom can be accounted for only on the sup-\\nposition that, through the tobacco-chewing habits of their\\nfathers, these girls have inherited a tendency to keep their\\njaws working. But gum-chewing has in a lower degree\\nthe same baneful effects as tobacco, through the undue\\nexcitement and waste of saliva.\\nSnuffing excites the olfactory nerve, which is distributed\\nto the nose, and gives rise to the special sense of smell;\\nand this excitement being reflected over the entire nervous\\nsystem, becomes an occasion of weakness to the mental\\nfaculties; for the mind bears the same relation to the\\nbodily organs, that a river sustains to its tributaries: its", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0558.jp2"}, "559": {"fulltext": "fashion; or, man deformed by artificial means. 535\\nsize and force are just in proportion to the strength of its\\nfeeders. Tobacco has alwa} 7 s thus enfeebled the mental\\nand physical powers of those who used it, and is going\\non to weaken the generations that are to follow; and\\nthat must enter those great battles of life in which feeble-\\nness is left behind, and strength wins the jewel of success.\\nAmerican ladies complain, not without reason, of the\\nfilth bestrewed in their rooms through tobacco chewing.\\nScarcely less dirty is their own practice of trailing long\\ndresses in the streets, and carrying to their homes what-\\never they wipe up. This prevailed in England several\\nyears ago and I know a gentleman who, in the hurry\\nof business, trod on such a skirt and tore it from the\\ncorsage; but quickly appeased the rising of the fair one s\\nwrath, by acknowledging that he knew he had broken\\nthe law by stepping on a train in motion. Long trains,\\nthough still fashionable in the drawing-room, are quite\\nexploded for out-of-door walking in civilized Europe;\\ninsomuch that in my extensive travelling through England,\\nScotland, Ireland, Wales, France, Prussia, c, I have seen\\nbut one lady wearing a trailing dress, and she, I was\\ninformed, was probably a questionable character.\\nTea-drinking is another means of producing nervous\\nexcitement, and has been so largely indulged in by parents,\\nthat their children have been bom with a hereditary tend-\\nency to desire some nerve stimulus; and thus are thousands\\nmarked as drunkards, or smokers, or chewers, through\\npractices which their parents little dreamed would have\\nsuch an effect. Tea contains a poison called theine, which\\ngradually collects on the nerves and brain, and tends to\\nrender the whole sensory system unfit for its proper func\u00c2\u00ab\\ntions. Hence God is thwarted in His designs by a cup of\\ntea. But those who use it shelter themselves, like the\\ndram-drinker, with the plea that it makes me feel better.\\nCoffee contains a large quantity of caffeine, which is a", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0559.jp2"}, "560": {"fulltext": "036 FASHION; OR, MAN DEFORMED BY ARTIFICIAL MEANS.\\npoison, and acts in the way of thickening the blood, thereby\\nretarding mental action, and causing general stupor, with a\\ntendency to apoplexy. Coffee proves most injurious to\\nfleshy people, and tea to those who are thin and have large\\nbrains.\\nWhatever is untrue to nature, and injurious to any part\\nor function of the body, rest assured that the Creator never\\nintended it for your use, and that it will mar the work of\\nHis hands in yourself and in your offspring. Fashionable\\nit may be; but at the beginning of a fashionable life is sin,\\nin the middle of it a weak mind, and at the end the grave-\\nyard.\\nMadame de Stael, a French authoress with brilliant genius, the\\nonly woman of whom Napoleon I. was afraid. Her facial lineaments\\nprognosticate the vast flexibility of intellect, grand comprehension, varied\\nattainments, and philosophical acumen displayed in all her writings.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0560.jp2"}, "561": {"fulltext": "SIGNS OF INTELLIGENCE IN MEN AND\\nANIMALS.\\nThe surfaces of everything we see possessed of growing\\npowers, bear great and unquestionable marks of the intel-\\nlectual. Trees, rocks, grasses, fish, reptiles, birds, vegetation\\nand, indeed, all things animate or inanimate, are stamped\\nwith the indelible proofs of intellectuality. Nor can such\\nevidences very well be passed over by the observer, more\\nespecially if his perceptions be keen, or his love of natural\\nphenomena sufficiently ample to warrant an investigation\\nof this assertion. For instance, different degrees of intelli-\\ngence exist in various forms. Hence, in some departments\\nof life, we perceive great powers of sagacity, while in others,\\nof the more cold-blooded species, we observe doltishness, and,\\nmight we not add, with a plainer if not more terse mean-\\ning, utter stupidity.\\nNow, the faculty of discerning at a glance what animals\\nand men are intelligent, or, on the other hand, to select\\nfrom the masses those that are weak-minded, is a know-\\nledge of the utmost importance to every enlightened reader\\nand, indeed, a subject well worthy the consideration of the\\nphilosopher, the study of the oracle, and, add to this, if you\\nwill, the wisdom of a Solomon.\\nThe main features by which we may distinguish the\\nintellectual powers of men or animals, we here definitely\\ndescribe, and illustrate according to the following rules:\\nProminent and well-arched eye-bones, with quite a deep", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0561.jp2"}, "562": {"fulltext": "538 SIGNS OF INTELLIGENCE IN MEN AND ANIMALS.\\nindentation beneath the brow, that is, across the top of\\nthe nose and eyes, slight depression crossing the forehead\\n(three-fourths or a full inch above the eyebrows), also a\\nperpendicular depression commencing at the top of the nose,\\nand extending to the centre, or nearly so, of the forehead.\\nSuch characteristic signs, for the guidance of the observer,\\nare never seen upon men, unless they be to distinguish\\nthem as possessing the most intelligent and comprehensive\\nintellectual qualities, which in inferior animals are not\\nexhibited so largely. Yet, there are some of the latter that\\nmay bear a worthier and more direct comparison. Foi\\ninstance, take a very intelligent pointer, or even poodle-\\ndog, and you will observe the markings as foregoingly\\ndescribed, strikingly distinct and strangely analogous to the\\nmore intellectual man.\\nThen, again, another proof of the correctness of our theory\\nbetween the intellectual and the unintellectual, is the bear.\\nThis latter animal, though endowed with great strength,\\nand, indeed, we may say, almost unexampled ferocity,\\nis the reverse of intelligent or even tractable. For the most\\naccurate index to his physiognomy, observe his eye, which\\nis on a level parallel with his forehead. You perceive no\\ndeviating marks there, no protuberances that we find in\\nthe more intelligent order of animals but the contrary a\\nperfect plane of forehead and nose, as they form, or nearly\\nso, a straight and undeviating line from one feature to the\\nother. Take the eye again, in contrast with the most\\nintelligent of the lower animals, and it has the appearance,\\nif we might use the expression, of being set in a plane\\nboard.\\nThe hog, opossum, rhinoceros, and snake also shew a\\nlevel between the eye and the forehead, which shew them\\nthe most unintellectual, ferocious, and stupid of the animaj\\ncreation.\\nThe ox, on the contrary, is an animal with greater capa-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0562.jp2"}, "563": {"fulltext": "SIGNS OF INTELLIGENCE IN MEN AND ANIMALS. 539\\ncity, and, of course, more nobility and docility than any of\\nthose we have last mentioned. Mark the physiognomical\\ndifference of this animal. Jt displays a depression across the\\nhead, just above the eyes, and exhibits rather prominent\\neyebones. These marks, so emblematic of the intelligence\\nof the ox, are invariably to be found in the more intellectual\\nof mankind, which, once placed and established there, can\\nnever be wholly eradicated. Hence, we draw a line of\\ndemarcation betwixt the lower and higher grade of the\\nanimal creation, by the assistance of wsich the intelligent\\nreader may easily draw correct inferences for himself, and,\\nindeed, solve mighty problems which were before to him\\nburied in darkness and oblivion.\\nAnother word ere we close the subject of the present\\narticle. When you observe in either man or woman the\\neyes jutting out, or otherwise marked very prominently\\nin their sockets, the nose forming a complete bridge in\\nalignment with the lower part of the forehead, with no\\ndeviation or protuberance between the two, rest assured\\nof perceiving in that person a preponderance of strong\\nanimal passions, with feeble susceptibilities of improve-\\nment. Such people may for the time be weaned from\\ntheir grosser animalism by the more vigorous intellect.\\nand propelled into courses of research and study; but-\\nthey will eventually revert to the baser gratifications of\\ntheir truer instincts, which, alas! are too sternly depicted\\nin them, ever to warrant a permanency of reform.\\nIntellectual excellence is not to be cultivated in a week\\nor a month: it requires years of unswerving stimulus,\\nduring the growing period of childhood, to form the true\\nintellectualist. Neither can the work of a few courses at\\nseminary, academy, or college unfold and form the riper\\njudgment of vigorous manhood. It is only by continuous\\napplication that we attain solidity, and gain a more en-\\nlarged compass of thought for ourselves.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0563.jp2"}, "564": {"fulltext": "ORIGINALITY OF MIND.\\nAs in a great mountain chain a few lofty summits arrest\\nthe eye, towering far above the average height of the\\nrange, so here and there in the generations of men we\\nmark those whose superior genius has placed them on\\nhigh, and made them predominant among their fellows.\\nIt is the lot of a few, and only a few, to be the first\\nproducers of thoughts calculated to give them extensive\\ninfluence over the many who have no originating power,\\nand can only receive and follow the ideas of others. Why\\nare the names of Galileo, Descartes, and Newton so con-\\nspicuous in the annals of science? Because they were the\\nfirst that dared to discard the commonly received theories,\\nand seeking to deduce principles from facts, made such\\ndiscoveries of the great laws of nature as no one had\\nthought of before. Why are the plays of Shakespeare,\\nthough now near 300 years old, still regarded as master-\\npieces throughout Europe? Because, departing from the\\nbeaten track of dramatic composition, he became so true\\nand subtle an interpreter of the human soul as has never\\nwritten before or since, originating hosts of characters and\\npictures of life from his own inexhaustible imagination.\\nWe might as well ask why all the cattle in a herd fellow\\none, or why hundreds of wild geese follow a single leader,\\nas enquire why some men think for the miljion, and the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0564.jp2"}, "565": {"fulltext": "ORIGINALITY 01 MIND. 541\\nmillion adopt their thinkings. It is a law of nature that\\nthe strong lead the weak, and the weak follow the strong.\\nTo be the orginator of a thought is the exception, to receive\\nthe thoughts of others is the rule. If one large tree among\\nsmaller ones in a forest goes crashing to the ground, it is\\nlikely to overthrow many of the weaker ones in its fall.\\nWhen a massive boulder goes thundering down the\\nmountain side, many lesser rocks and stones go rattling\\nafter it; but it is the larger, heavier, and more powerful\\nmass that leads the way, and by its superior force detaches\\nand brings jingling down the quiet rocklets that other-\\nwise would have kept their places. Whole communities\\nof men will remain stationary and unprogressive, pursuing\\nthe even jog-trot course that their fathers and grandfathers\\ndid for ages, until some thundering voice rings out a\\nterribly new and daring plan of action. When Leonidas\\nled on his brave band of warriors, it was from the strong\\nand fearless leader that they caught the first inspirations\\nof battle and aspirations to victory. Napoleon the first\\nwould never have made himself master of Europe but for\\nhis personal influence over his soldiers, inspiring them\\nwith confidence in his leadership and enthusiasm in his\\ncause.\\nLet us consider what are the outward marks and tokens\\nwhereby this strength of character, this capacity for in-\\nfluencing others, may be discovered. In all great discoverers\\nin science, all inventors in art, all leaders in politics and\\nwar, we observe large features; and hence draw the con-\\nclusion that such features are true indications of strength\\nof character and originality of thought. In no picture\\nof Shakespeare handed down to us is there a single feature\\nsmall or feeble looking. The rugged features of Dr. John\\nHunter, one of the most independent thinkers of any age,\\nwould convey without fail to a Physiognomist that he\\nwas born to influence, and not to be influenced. Professor", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0565.jp2"}, "566": {"fulltext": "542 ORIGINALITY OF MIND.\\nMorse, the inventor of the Electric Telegraph, possessed\\nvery large features; his mouth was capacious; his nose\\ntowering, and remarkably prominent; the more deliberately\\none studies his face, the more one discovers strength in\\nevery feature of it. Few artists have excelled in originality\\nof composition the rugged-looking Michael Angelo, whose\\ncartoons became models for all Europe, and created a new\\nera in art. A similar example is presented in Christopher\\nColumbus, whose discovery of the western world has led\\nso many thousands of Europeans to make it their home.\\nPeter Cooper has an enormous nose; other features strong;\\nand manners so peculiar, that no one would take him for\\nanything but a singular genius. He laid the foundation\\nof one of the most originally planned schools in America,\\nand was the prime mover in getting it established.\\nOn the other hand, small features generally bespeak small\\nminds, and characterize those dependent beings whose Voca-\\ntion it is to follow not to lead. Children usually have\\nsmall features. Almost all their acts are imitative; and\\ntheir thoughts and feelings are for the most part easily\\nmoulded by those elder persons among whom their lot is\\ncast.\\nAmong animals, apes and monkeys are recognized as the\\nmost imitative; that is, they do, of set purpose, mimic the\\nactions that they witness; but for an example of servile\\nfollowing, with apparently no independence or power of\\nself- direction, there is perhaps no animal like the sheep.\\nAnd here we have a face small in proportion to the body,\\nmoveover, with very little distinctn3ss or prominence in its\\nvarious parts. We are told that a shepherd knows each\\nindividual sheep among hundreds or thousands. If so, it is\\nonly the shepherd. No one else can easily learn to dis-\\ntinguish one sheep from another. There is no such close\\nresemblance among horses, cuws, deer, dogs, cats, even pigs,\\nor any other animals that man has domesticated; and there", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0566.jp2"}, "567": {"fulltext": "ORIGINALITY OF MIND. 543\\nis no animal that follows its leader so implicitly, and with\\nsuch appearance of stupidity, as though the creature durst\\nnot think for itself. The leader is usually one of the\\ncoarsest and most vigorous of the flock; if he breaks over a\\nfence or parapet that separates the road from a precipice or\\nthe bridge from a river, the whole flock will follow to their\\nutter destruction. We are told, too, that if a sheep gets\\nastray, it has no sense to find its own way back to the fold;\\nbut goes on in one direction until found and turned by the\\nintelligent shepherd or dog.\\nThus is society influenced in all its departments by minds\\ncapable of governing and controlling the majority of man-\\nkind, like sheep following their leaders, without question or\\nscruple. Yet there are many gradations in this servility.\\nStudents of science embrace the leading principles of the\\nschools to which they belong, but many of them investigate\\nfor themselves, and seek to add new truths to the store\\nalready accumulated. Mechanicians are ready to worship\\nthe great inventors to whom they are indebted for the\\nprimary movement in a particular direction, but countless\\nare the improvements and varieties of application originated\\nby men of no great mark. It is in matters of religion and\\npolitics chiefly in which many take more or less interest,\\nbut to which few devote themselves wholly that this\\nservile imitation is most conspicuous. Millions are following\\nthe ideas taught by Confucius when he walked the earth\\n2,400 years ago. The Presbyterians dread any deviation\\nfrom the views of Knox and Calvin; the Methodists follow\\nand quote Wesley as an indisputable authority; and the\\nQuakers stick to the principles of Fox and Penn in the\\nsame imitative manner that Phrenologists follow in the\\nwake of Gall and Spurzheim; and Homoeopath ists in that\\nof Hahnemann. But every spiritual pastor has his flock;\\npeople that accept everything he says, try to do everything\\nhe prescribes, and never dream of thinking for themselves", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0567.jp2"}, "568": {"fulltext": "544\\nORIGINALITY OF MIND.\\nin matters either of faith or duty. Too truly lid Pollock\\nsay,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nVanity to be\\nBenowned for creed eccentrical, devoured\\nIts thousands but a lazy, corpulent,\\nAnd over-credulous faith, that leaned on all\\nIt met, nor asked if twas a reed or oak;\\nStepped on, but never earnestly inquired\\nWhether to heaven or hell the journey led,\\nDevoured its tens of thousands.\\nSo in politics. We wonder not that the Americans appre-\\nciate the genius of Franklin and Washington; but thousands\\nof fairly intelligent citizens cast in their annual or quadren-\\nnial votes for those who are to govern them, without a\\nthought as to their respective merits, simply following\\nwhere the way is pointed by the Neiv York Tribune.\\nMultitudes of voters more are moulded for each election by\\nthe New York Herald, and have not a political opinion but\\nwhat is derived from it while the Democrats in the United\\nStates stick to Jackson, and, it is said, that in eastern Ten-\\nnessee, some people vote for him still. So do the millions\\nfollow, not examining whether the road is right or wrong;\\nand so, like sheep, they may be led either into green\\npastures, or to the slaughter-house.\\nHaving been a public lecturer for several years, I have\\nhad a fine opportunity of observing this disposition to lead\\nand be led, even in the matter of whether the lecture shall\\nbe patronized or not. Many a man have I seen come to the\\ndoor of the hall, and inquire if any one is in yet. When\\nhe sees a dozen come in with an eager rush, the poor sheepy\\nrushes too, and looks as eager and in earnest to hear as any\\nof them.\\nI have seen among the hills of California a team of\\nfourteen mules drawing one waggon. Perceiving the front\\nmule wearing a bell, I asked the teamster what was the use\\nof it, and he said it made them start at one moment and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0568.jp2"}, "569": {"fulltext": "ORIGINALITY OF MIND. 545\\ncontinue pulling together; otherwise they could not in-\\nstantly know when to stop or when to go on. So do the\\nmajority of mankind walk as tne leading bell tinkles.\\nAll civilized nations abjure despotic governments, and the\\nmore enlightened any people become, the more independent\\nin thought and indisposed to servile following. The people\\nof America have adopted Independence as their watchword,\\nand an instance of the free and independent spirit was\\ndisplayed by the youths of Boston in the times of the\\nrevolution. Some English soldiers had knocked down the\\nsnow houses that the boys had carefully erected, and had\\nbroken the ice in their skating ponds. The boys com-\\nplained to the captain but he only laughed at them. The\\nundaunted little fellows, however, knew the difference\\nbetween fair fighting and capricious tyranny; they went\\nto the commander and related their grievances with such\\nboldness and manly freedom, that the general, far from\\nresenting the audacity of the appeal, was heard to say that\\nfreedom was in the very air of the country, breathed even\\nby its boys. Would that the minds of all the English,\\nScotch, Irish, and American people of the present day were\\nfreed from the bigotry and superstition that makes mere\\nimitative sheep of so many. What advancement and\\nglorious happiness might all enjoy", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0569.jp2"}, "570": {"fulltext": "MENTAL LABOUR\\nDeep on his front engraven\\nDeliberation sat, and public care. Milton.\\nAll totally uncivilized nations are characterized by a deep-\\nseated aversion to arduous and persevering labour, whether\\nmental or physical. A savage people displays scarcely more\\ninclination for the steady pursuit of agriculture, or of the\\nsimple manufactures of which it is capable, than for inven-\\ntion and study; but, as the national mind develops, a taste\\nfor the physical, and subsequently for the intellectual\\nindustries begins to display itself, and a dawning civilization\\nglimmers upon the race. The further progress of this\\ncivilization is marked by a growing distaste for purely\\nmanual toil, which expresses itself in the invention of\\nlabour-saving machines, by means of which one man does\\nthe work of ten, or a hundred unaided hands.\\nIt is the fashion for a certain class of philanthropists to\\ndecry machinery as prejudicial to the working man; yet\\nit is obvious that if, with its assistance, a people, considered\\nas a whole, can produce as much b}^ working one hour per\\ndiem, as they formerly did by working ten, the machinery\\nhas given them nine leisure hours a-day; and if these\\nleisure hours are still employed in other equally productive\\nindustries, the total produce of the nation will be increased\\ntenfold; in other words, there will be just ten times as\\nmuch for it to eat, and drink, and waste, as there was\\nbefore the machinery was introduced. It may be said,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0570.jp2"}, "571": {"fulltext": "MENTAL LABOUR. 547\\nhowever that, in point of fact, the labourer is not ten times\\nas well supplied as before, the increased national production\\nbeing consumed by the capitalist in luxurious living and pro-\\ndigal waste. This assertion is not entirely without founda-\\ntion. Capitalists, it is not to be denied, do sometimes make\\nexcessive profits upon the money they have invested in the\\nsupport of labour; yet it is equally true, first, that the\\nworst-conditioned labourers are comfortably housed, and\\nclothed, and fed, compared with machineless, i.e., savage\\npeople; and, second, that the principal misfortunes of the\\nlabouring class arise from their fixed indisposition to that\\nmental labour, by means of which it is that capitalists have\\nchiefly contrived to accumulate wealth, and thus to better\\ntheir condition. Even in a country where labour is as ill\\npaid as in Britain, it is in the power of workmen whc\\neKercise thrift and foresight, to save enough in ten years\\nfrom their earnings, to engage in some co-operative industry\\nThese co-operative industries are evidently the salvatior\\nof the working man, since, by means of them, he can not\\nonly enjoy the ordinary profits of the capitalist, but can\\nincrease those profits by that enthusiasm in production\\nwhich he never experiences except when he is working\\nfor himself. These and similar considerations have been\\nfrequently presented to the working class, but they prefer\\nto pay enormous dues to the internationals, and to spend\\ntheir lives in hardships and in inflammatory complaints\\nagainst their so-called oppressors, to that mental labour,\\nand forbearance in the use of accumulated savings which\\nis a necessity with the capitalist.\\nIt is a very common error with manual labourers tc\\nstigmatize those who live by their minds as idlers, unpro-\\nductive consumers, c; the fact is, however, that without\\nsomebody to think, no one would know how to act. Every\\nthought, moreover, is the result of some physical force\\nexpended in its production, and an act of recollection or", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0571.jp2"}, "572": {"fulltext": "548 MENTAL LABOUR.\\nconception is often attended by a greater physical waste,\\nthan the swinging of a scythe or the raising of a mallet.\\nThe close dependence of the mind upon the physical health\\nshews us the necessity of guarding the latter, if we would\\nenjoy intellectual power. Many children, at the very time\\nthat they are accounted slow and stupid, are developing a\\nstrength of physical constitution, by the support of which\\nthey may afterwards attain to eminence. They are like\\nthose large green apples which, in the early fall, are hard,\\nsour, and uninviting, but which, after they have been fully\\nmellowed by time, are the most sought and appreciated.\\nNatures like these develop slowly by a law of their being,\\nwhich no amount of corporeal punishment or artificial\\nstimulations can safely reverse. Like the budding flower,\\nthey may be bruised and mutilated by improper treatment,\\nbut they will not unfold their perfect proportions until\\nthe voice of nature calls from without, and responds from\\nwithin. In spite of this fact, children are constantly urged\\nto an unnatural exercise of their nascent powers, which is\\na positive and sometimes fatal injury to both mind and\\nbody. Every one is ready to admit that a calf cannot be\\nmade an ox by feeding or goading, but must wait the slow,\\nmaturation of time yet the principle which underlies this\\nfact is constantly overlooked in the education of children.\\nWhen the precious gold is first brought from the mine,\\nit is often less sparkling than mere iron pyrites; but after\\nit has been duly refined, polished, and shaped, it will make\\na valuable coin or a magnificent ornament. Education is\\nto the young mind a similar polishing process, but much\\nof it is to be gained outside the schoolhouse in the\\nplay-ground, and the broad fields, and in the close obser-\\nvation of nature. The greatest and most successful geniuses\\nin natural science have been those who were the irost\\ndiligent observers of natural phenomena.\\nThe constrained positions which scholars are forced to", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0572.jp2"}, "573": {"fulltext": "MENTAL LABOUR. 549\\ntake, and the impure air which they generally breathe,\\noften convert the school-houses into veritable slaughter-\\npens, where countless innocents are murdered every year.\\nAs a rule, country life is most favourable to the mental\\nas well as physical well-being of children for a certain\\namount of solitude and communion with nature seems to\\nbe as healthful to the mind as are fresh air and food to\\nthe body. The life of the crowded town may, by its\\ninnumerable stimulations, sharpen the mind in certain\\ndirections, but it also militates against its breadth and\\noriginality by the accumulated weight of public opinion\\nand example. On the other hand, the broad prairies,\\nflowing rivers, and majestic or beautiful scenes of the\\ncountry expand the holy germ, and prepare it for a\\nlong, noble, and healthful life.\\nThe white race, being the most advanced in civilization,\\nis peculiarly marked by a taste for mental labour. In\\nEurope or America, the most ordinar}^ house with its\\nfurniture is replete with indications of taste and invention,\\nas well as of mental toil. The pyramids, on the contrary,\\nthough their massive structure has preserved them for\\nages, exhibit, in their almost total lack of convenience\\nand ornament, a strong preponderance of the physical over\\nthe intellectual energies in the people who reared them.\\nIt is a mooted question, which has attracted peculiar\\ninterest, whether the finest type of physical organization\\nmay not be the result of uniting the more intellectual\\nand nervous races with those comparatively deficient in\\nmental power, but with rich physical endowments. Agassiz\\nfails to perceive any injurious effects from such a com-\\nbination, but certainly the Caucasian and African mis-\\ncegenation, which. has been practised in America, has not\\nresulted in the production of an ideal race. The Mulatto\\nis acknowledged to have less physical endurance and\\ngenerative power than either the Negro or the Caucasian,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0573.jp2"}, "574": {"fulltext": "550 MENTAL LABOUR.\\nand although more clever than the black, is less intel\\nligent than the white man.\\nThe signs of an inclination for mental labour are a high\\nbrain, particularly when joined with small bones and\\nfeeble muscles; a glistening and animated eye; great\\nlength of the head in front of the ears; and well-defined\\nnasal bones. No man with a low African nose is naturally\\ninclined to mental effort.\\nThe habit of intellectual exertion readily develops an\\ninclination for this kind of labour, especially when the\\nmind is exercised upon congenial subjects. Aristotle s\\nrule, that physics should be studied first, and metaphysics\\nafterwards, is a correct guide to the student, because it\\nfollows the natural development of the taste. Common\\nschools are undoubtedly the glory of any land; and yet,\\nlike all great institutions, however beneficent, they cannot\\nbe operated with perfect adaptation to every individual.\\nThat feature of the public education which forces all the\\nchildren to acquire exactly the same amount of science,\\nhistory, and philosophy, while it develops in many minds\\nan inclination for study, discourages a taste for it in others,\\nby keeping them chiefly employed on uncongenial tasks.\\nWe are told by the poet that\\nSelf-love is not so vile a sin\\nAs self-neglecting.\\nLet us, then, give to these minds of ours a thorough and\\njudicious training, knowing that\\nA soul without reflection, like a pile\\nWithout inhabitant, to ruin runs.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0574.jp2"}, "575": {"fulltext": "^^^Sfir:\\nTHE LOVE OF MENTAL PLEASURES.\\nMy mind to me a kingdom is,\\nFull of rich thoughts.\\nEach of our faculties has its own peculiar enjoyment; thus\\ncuriosity, which, though sometimes pragmatic and trifling,\\nis often useful and sagacious, delights to search out some\\nnew thing; deductiveness finds happiness in the exercises\\nof logic and the excitements of debate; physio valorosity\\nhastens to combat and exults in victory; factimemoriati ve-\\nil ess is pleased by retaining the knowledge of past ideas\\nand events; appetitiveness is pleased with rich and savory\\nviands amicitiveness is gratified by acts of personal kind-\\nness and the society of those whom the heart holds dear;\\neestheticalness is enraptured with impressions of beauty;\\nordinimentality finds its Eden in the S3 T stematic arrange-\\nment of thoughts; huntativeness takes delight in the chase;\\nand demolitiousness enjoys an Elysium in acts of subver-\\nsion, demolition, and slaughter.\\nThe pleasure which we take in those of our powers\\nwhich are distinguished as mental, in opposition to the\\nemotional or physical propensities, is not merely a pleasure,\\nit is of inestimable use in stimulating intellectual exertion,\\nand it is also the most trustworthy guide in the choice of a\\nprofession. There are very few cases in which it is not the", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0575.jp2"}, "576": {"fulltext": "552 THE LOVE OF MENTAL TLEASURES.\\nwisest course to follow those occupations which afford us\\nthe greatest enjoyment, for a mental taste is almost invari-\\nably accompanied by a corresponding talent.\\nIt is often said that physical enjoyments bring speedy\\nsatiety, while the pleasures of the mind are free from\\ncloying. The fact is. however, that a kind nature has.\\naffixed enduring satisfactions to the moderate use of the\\nphysical, as well as the mental powers, and that in the one\\ncase, as in the other, abnormal and intemperate gratifica-\\ntion will occasion impotence and disgust.\\nMuch study, said that wise old king, who had\\nexhausted the learning of his day, much study is a\\nweariness of the flesh and he who increaseth know-\\nledge, increaseth sorrow. Solomon, like the ennuied\\nphilosopher who is the hero of Goethe s most thrilling\\ndrama, had pushed his investigations to that point that\\nhis wearied mind grew disgusted with further searching.\\nBut disgust is not all; softening of the brain, insanity,\\nfailures of special faculties, like attentiveness and facti-\\nmemoriativeness, and a great variety of nervous affections,\\nare often the result of an undue indulgence in mental\\npleasures. The abuse of any power, physical, emotional,\\nor intellectual, is a sin, and, as such, brings its own punish-\\nment. Those who take good care to keep out of that hell\\nin this world, which is the retribution of all kinds of\\nintemperance, need have no fear of a future perdition.\\nBut while the excessive use of our mental faculties is a\\nfrightful evil, their legitimate exercise is the source of some\\nof our most elevated enjoyments. The ample page of\\nknowledge, rich with the stores of time, affords exhaustless\\nsatisfactions to the temperate, yet devoted student. Neither\\nlove nor ambition ever won a more enthusiastic and heart-\\nfelt tribute than that which the poet pays to the pleasures\\nof the mind\\nMy inheritance\u00e2\u0080\u0094 how wide and fair-\\nTime is my estate\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to time I m heir.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0576.jp2"}, "577": {"fulltext": "WE LOVE OF MENTAL PLEASURES. 553\\nAs the spirit transcends the body, so are the ineffable\\ntransports of the intellect superior to mere physical plea-\\nsures. Imagination lends enchantment to the solitude of\\nthe ocean strand, and memory crowds the most tranquil\\nscenes and the most idle hours with busy recollections of\\nthe past.\\nIt is worthy of consideration that intellectual enjoyments\\nare cheap, as well as elevated. The gods sell all things at\\na fair price nay, there are many things which they offer\\nus gratuitously. All that is needed is the mental activity\\nto appropriate the food for reflection which they present to\\nus on every side.\\nThat pyriform contour of the face which is given to it by\\nits being large at the top and small at the bottom, indicates\\nin the possessor a love of intellectual pleasures. When the\\nface is about equally broad above and below, the person\\nmay, by a careful system of education, develop a consider-\\nable degree of enjoyment in mental exercises. The man\\nwho is self- cultivated may be known by his keen and\\nsparkling eye, his clear forehead, his closed and rather com-\\npressed lips, and his regular and graceful carriage.\\nMental pleasures, said Colton, never cloy; unlike\\nthose of the body, they are increased by repetition, approved\\nof by reflection, and strengthened by enjoyment. Those\\nwho participate in these supreme satisfactions have the rare\\nappetite which grows with what it feeds on, and theirs\\nis the supersensuous music of those sweet airs which give\\ndelight and hurt not.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0577.jp2"}, "578": {"fulltext": "FOKCE OF CHARACTER.\\nHe dotli bestride the narrow world\\nLike a Colossus, and we petty men\\nWalk under his huge legs. Shakespeare.\\nIn the practical concerns of life, success is oftener the result\\nof force of character than of great learning, polished man-\\nners, or moral purity. I have not learned, said Themis\\ntocles, to tune the harp or handle the lyre, but I know\\nhow to make a small and inglorious city both powerful\\nand illustrious. There are some men who are the natural\\nmasters of their race, who, by reason of their quick insight,\\nrapid decision, fixed purpose, and energetic will\\nGet the start of the majestic world,\\nAnd bear the palm alone.\\nSince such as these are born to govern, it is well foi the\\nhappiness of mankind that the much larger class, who are\\nborn to be governed, usually take pleasure in their subor-\\ndination. Those who are not gifted with force of character\\nfind the occupations and responsibilities of the ruler an\\ninsupportable burden, while service and discipleship give\\nthem a pleasurable field of activity. The inequalities in\\nworldly distinction, which are so often complained of as\\nthe mere freaks of fortune, are really the result of inequali-\\nties in those characteristics which secure distinction. As\\nCassius has it,\\nThe fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars,\\nBut in ourselves, that we are underlings.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0578.jp2"}, "579": {"fulltext": "FORCE OF CHARACTER. 555\\nAnd yet, since the noblest qualities of mind and heart are\\nnot always those which achieve success, it may well be\\nquestioned whether what is called prosperity is not some-\\ntimes purchased at too dear a price. It were better to\\nenjoy the respect and esteem of a very small circle, than\\nto be the corrupt and corrupting master of half the world.\\nYet, although force of character may be so perverted in\\nits using, as to be the agent of dishonour and crime, it is,\\nwhen properly directed, a superior excellence.\\nThose persons wno nave tine ana symmetrical features,\\nthough they may possess good sense and amiable feelings,\\nare never the foremost men of their time. They may be\\nclever, industrious, and friendly, but they are not as the\\nforemost men always are formidable opponents; they do\\nnot make those whom they displease fear to shew their\\ndispleasure.\\nThose persons who have large chins, prominent noses,\\nand capacious foreheads, together with sound health, and a\\ngood brain and nerve form, are the truly forceful characters\\nwho always succeed in cutting their way to fortune. The\\nlarge chin denotes a strong constitution; a prominent nose\\ngvinces energy; while the expansive brow indicates great\\nsensational and cognizant capacities, which can so direct\\nthe energy as to make it commanding. Those who have\\nstirred the world by their burning eloquence, or filled the\\npage of history with the recital of their daring deeds, or\\nnoble acts of humanity, have possessed the chin, nose, and\\nforehead above described. Napoleon and Wellington both\\ndistinguished as the leaders of great armies were strongly\\ncharacterized by these features, and none have occupied\\na larger or more distinguished place in modern history.\\nSuch men are impressive, and act with a confidence of\\npower which gives a mastering fascination to all that they\\nsay or do. The physiognomical signs of force of character\\ndo not vary, whether it is displayed in political leadership,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0579.jp2"}, "580": {"fulltext": "556\\nFORCE OF CHARACTER.\\nin commerce, by the successful management of vast estab-\\nlishments and the acquisition of enormous wealth, in\\npublic speaking, literature, or, in short, in any department\\nof human life, where individual power can make itself felt.\\nThe want of impressive force has robbed many an orator\\nof the meed of praise, when his discourse was not without\\nreason, imagination, and learning. On the other hand, the\\npossession of this force gave charm and weight to every\\nword which fell from the lips of Chalmers, Brougham, and\\nWebster. The writings of Samuel Johnson and John\\nLocke are peculiarly distinguished by their vigorous diction;\\nand both these men possessed the three signs of force of\\ncharacter which have been given in this chapter.\\nJohn Howard Payne, the American dramatist, poet, and author of\\nthat heart-thrilling song entitled Home Sweet Home.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0580.jp2"}, "581": {"fulltext": "DECISION OF CHARACTER.\\nHe who has mastered the make-up, or construction ^e\\nhuman system, in its adaptations, proportions, and i\\\\\\\\e\\nlaws by which its various faculties are governed, is pos-\\nsessed of the means by which unerring conclusions may\\nbe formed with reference to the character of any man he\\nmay chance to meet in the varied walks of life. He knows\\nhow very intimately body and mind are related, and how\\nmuch the healthy action of the latter depends upon the\\nform, construction and development of the former; and\\nas the meteorologist discerns the face of the sky, and by\\nan induction of observed facts predicts storms, c. so he\\nhaving mastered human Physiognomy, will rarely fail in\\nhis conclusions as to the moral idiosyncrasies of the\\nmembers of the human family with whom he comes into\\ncontact. That this power of character-reading would be\\nof immense moment to society, who can doubt? Its\\nnecessity is illustrated every day in the columns of our\\nnewspapers. Young men gain the confidence of employers,\\nare put into situations of trust, keep their eyes about them,\\nand the first opportunity they have of lining their pockets\\nwith money they have never wrought for, they yield to\\ntheir peculiar desire, possess themselves of the money and\\nabscond; and all that the astonished master can say is.\\nthat he has been deceived. !Wow, had that master studied", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0581.jp2"}, "582": {"fulltext": "558 DECISION OF CHARACTER.\\nPhysiognomy, had he beeu able to read the signs of the\\nhuman system, he would in that case have been careful\\nto see that, so far as lay in his power, no temptation to\\ndishonesty came in the young man s way. We do not\\nmean to say that young men with tendencies to clepto-\\nmania should not be employed, but certainly, not only\\nfor the benefit of their employers, but for their own good,\\nthey should be employed in such a way as that their\\nbesetting temptation shall have no outlet. Indeed, con-\\nsidering the increasing number of cases of theft committed\\non the premises of masters by those under them, we make\\nbold to say that much good would be gained to society if\\nlarge employers, unacquainted with the signs by which\\nhuman character is known, would pay a Physiognomist\\nto examine every new servant employed, and report as to\\nthe peculiarities of the said servant s character.\\nIn this essay we have to deal with that important\\nelement in character called decision, and the Physiog-\\nnomic signs by which it makes itself known. From the\\nwant of this trait of character springs a great deal of\\nhuman misery. Without it, not very much of a lasting\\ncharacter can be accomplished. A wavering man is not\\nto be depended upon. Stirred by mere impulse he may\\nact well for a time, but discouragement and disappoint-\\nment master him. Wavering is weakness; decision is\\nstrength. A man bereft of this element of character can\\nscarcely look a strong decisive man in the face. Rousseau\\nwas a genius, and did much by flashes; but though he\\nhad rare intellectual abilities, when he came into the\\npresence of the Scotch philosopher, David Hume, and that\\nstrong healthy boned searcher for truth calmly and steadily\\nlooked him in the face, the Frenchman trembled. It was\\nthe meeting of strength and weakness, a coming togethei\\nof decision of character and morai hesitation; and Rousseau,\\nwho tells the story himself, says that he was so much", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0582.jp2"}, "583": {"fulltext": "DECISION OF CHARACTER. 559\\nimpressed by the immovable Scotchman, and felt so acutely\\nthe unsteady nature of his own character, that he burst\\nout and wept.\\nAny man who has travelled much in Great Britain\\nmust have noticed, so far as decision of character is con-\\ncerned, the great disparity between the Scotch and the\\nEnglish. The former are cool and calculating, strong of\\nwill and full of purpose; the latter are politic, emotional\\nand can be consistently denominated sagacious. Had an\\nundecided man been at the head of the British Govern-\\nment in the latter part of 1872, his impulsive nature could\\nnot have out-lasted the stormy outside agitation for a\\nrepublican form of government, which was causing so\\nmuch disturbance in Britain; but the Scotch Gladstone,\\nwith the blood of the enduring mountain warrior in his\\nveins, able to look through and through the agitation,\\ncalmly held the reigns of rule, unaffected by the desperate\\ncavillings of prejudiced and selfish men. His mind was\\nmade up. He had purposed to carry the country through\\nthis agitation, as the wise and steady mariner guides his\\nvessel through the storm and those who are acquainted\\nwith his moral courage and decision of character, know\\nthat it is nearly or quite impossible for him to fail. An\\nundecisive person says, perhaps I may, and fails; the\\ndecided individual says, I will, and succeeds. Some\\nyears ago a young man, belonging to the Scotch border,\\nbeing out of employment, found his way to London. For\\nsome time after reaching the city he served a coal agent\\nfor half-a-crown a-day. During that time he was in the\\nhabit of going out at night and talking with the policemen\\non the streets. How long have you been on the force\\nhe used to say to them, Eight, ten, or twelve ears,\\nthey would reply, just as the case might be. And are\\nyou never to be promoted he would ask. Perhaps we\\nmay and perhaps we may nt, was the invariable reply", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0583.jp2"}, "584": {"fulltext": "560 DECISION OF CHARACTER.\\nThe young man was struck with this oft recurring answer,\\nand walking home to his lodgings one night, he made up\\nhis mind to join the police force, and, said he, once\\nthat is done, if I am not something more than a common\\npolice officer at the end of twelve months, I shall be dis-\\nappointed. Accordingly he joined the force. Gradually\\nhis strong, staid, steady, decisive character became known,\\nand he was promoted from one office to another, until\\nnow he stands at the head of his profession, has a princely\\nsalary, and travels often with the Queen. Ask him how\\nhe, a mere rustic, managed to push himself up, and he\\nwill tell you that it was by avoiding the perhaps, and\\nsticking firmly by the I will of decision.\\nDecision of character has three great principles under-\\nlying it, There is first an end to be accomplished secondly,\\nthe obligation to accomplish it; and thirdly, will force to\\ncarry it out. Demosthenes, having noticed the influence of\\neloquence over his fellow-citizens, determined to be an\\norator, and that determination was developed into action.\\nHe was a stammerer, and resolved to master this defect, and\\ndid it. He went to a running brook, and placing a small\\npebble in his mouth, he delivered speeches to the uncon-\\nscious banks, modulating his voice to the cadence of the\\nrushing stream, and became the first orator of his time.\\nHad he endeavoured to do those things without first having\\nplaced before himself an end-, which he felt obligated to\\nreach, and which he was conscious he had force enough in\\nhis will to reach, he would most certainly have failed, as\\nmany had done before him, and as many have done since\\nhis day. Caesar determined to become the ruler of the\\nRoman Empire, because of a conviction firmly rooted in his\\nmind to the effect that there was no other Roman citizen so\\nwell fitted for it, and he succeeded. He first regaled the\\nears of the Romans with well thought out, cleverly arranged\\nspeeches, by means of which he became a state-officer; then,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0584.jp2"}, "585": {"fulltext": "DECISION OF CHARACTER. 561\\nadapting himself to surrounding circumstances, he rose step\\nby step until, from being commander of the Roman army, he\\ngrasped the Roman crown. Could a man of a wavering\\ndisposition have done this? Nay. Not only had Caesar an\\nend in view, but, considering the tyrannical rule of those in\\nauthority, he felt in his heart under obligation to pursue\\nthat end, conscious that there was will force within him\\nbefore which obstacles must give way, and which would\\nultimately place him where it did. Napoleon I. was an\\nambitious man, and strong in his passions, but he had little\\nsteadiness or decision of character. Here he was weak; and\\nnot only was this apparent to others, he was conscious of it\\nhimself and consequently, though elevated by his successes,\\nwhen circumstances of an untoward nature pressed heavily\\nupon him, he abdicated his throne and died in exile.\\nIn the absence of the element of steady, overcoming\\ndecision, nations totter and fall, society becomes inconstant,\\nfamilies are unnecessarily oppressed, and individuals become\\nfootballs to their fellows. Without it no man can be\\ntrusted. To it Benjamin Franklin owed his greatness. By\\nit, backed by his generals and private soldiers, old Abraham\\nLincoln, of precious memory, gave freedom to the slaves of\\nthe South. It was this element that conquered at Waterloo\\nand made the Duke of Wellington immortal. The kingr\\nwho has it not becomes a tool to those beneath him, as\\nwitness the Georges of England; the subject who has it\\nnot may be called a swatheling or a proteus, for he is\\nmastered by circumstances, and never sails but with the\\ncurrent. Analyze the French nation and ask why it was that\\nthey so signally failed in the late war against Prussia, and\\nthe only true answer you can get is, that from the throne\\ndownwards the people were living in their basilar natures,\\nwere weak of purpose, and had no decision of character.\\nDifficulties frightened them, disappointment brought dis-\\ncouragement, and the iron- willed Germans, with well-\\n2n", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0585.jp2"}, "586": {"fulltext": "562 DECISION OF CHARACTER,\\nbalanced minds, full of moral force and strong decision,\\nshook them as a Newfoundland dog might be expected to\\nshake a noisy little terrier.\\nWe have spoken in a general manner of physiognomic\\nsigns of human character; now, let us ask particularly,\\nwhat is that sign in the human body indicating the capacity\\nof strong mental decision within? And here we may\\nremark, that to judge the inner man by the outer, is a very\\nnatural process. There is nothing arbitrary in it. It is\\nwholly reasonable. Indeed, there is no other way in which\\nwe can get to the mind save through the body. Phreno-\\nlogists have seen this; but many of them blunder in their\\nconclusions, because they confine their observations mainly\\nto one part of man s organism, viz., the head, assuming, very\\nerroneously, that the mind dwells there, and there alone.\\nNow, we may as well sit down beside an Alpine mountain\\nand expect to gather a perfect knowledge of the God of\\nnature from its rocks, avalanches, and ice-covered peaks, as\\nexpect to read human character through the head alone.\\nAs the mind is diffused throughout the whole body, just as\\nGod lives in universal nature, so we must judge of the\\ncharacter of the mind, not b} 7- one particular part of the\\nbody only, but by all. As in nature, so in man, there is\\nwhat may be called the law of correspondence. A flabby\\nmind will have a flabby body, and, conversely, a flabby\\nbody will have a flabby mind. A well-constructed, firmly\\nbuilt, strong, enduring body may be expected to lodge a\\nwell-constructed, firmly built, strong, enduring mind. The\\ninner acts upon the outer, and the outer upon the inner;\\nand though we cannot tell how it is that mind acts\\nupon body and body upon mind, nevertheless it is certain\\nthat just as one substance makes an impression upon\\nanother, so the mind acting through the body impresses\\nthe body, leaving marks, so to speak, by which an observant\\nmind may not only recognize the fact of its acting, but", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0586.jp2"}, "587": {"fulltext": "DECISION OF CHARACTER. 563\\ncome to conclusions regarding the character of its acts.\\nStarting, then, with this principle, we ask, what is it in the\\nbody, known to us, which indicates decision of character\\nwithin? And at this point we may notice more particularly\\nthan we have done, that decision of character is not simply\\ndetermination, but that power by which determination is\\ndeveloped into action, carried out. In other words, decision\\nis moral endurance. Now, there cannot be the slightest\\ndoubt that the capacity of endurance in a body depends\\nupon the strength and compactness of its bones; not of one\\nbone only, but of all. This need not be argued. So ap-\\nparent is it to all, that we have merely to state the fact to\\nhave it admitted. Find us a man strong and vigorous of\\nbone, and we shall shew you a man capable of endurance.\\nDuring the time that the English railways were being made,\\nit was remarked by all the contractors that the Scotch\\nnavvies were so much superior to the English, that two of\\nthe former could do as much work in the same time as any\\nthree of the latter, and generally they received higher wages.\\nNow, why was this? The reason is not far to seek. The\\nEnglish workman who, by food peculiar to himself, makes\\nmore flesh than bone, has nothing like the enduring power\\nof his northern brother, who lives in a land of cakes, and is\\nmore particular about making bone than flesh. The Eng-\\nlishman believes in bulk, but Sandy believes in compact-\\nness. Now, according to the law of correspondence to\\nwhich we have referred, capacity of endurance in the body\\nis a sign of capacity of endurance in the mind or soul and\\nas the body s capacity of endurance is dependent upon the\\nstrength, vigour, and compactness of its bones, so we are\\nbound to come to the conclusion that well -formed, enduring\\nbones in a man are signs to us that he has the capacity,\\nnot only of determination to act in a particular cause, but\\nalso that he carries within him the power of carrying out\\nhis determinations that is to say, he possesses decision of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0587.jp2"}, "588": {"fulltext": "564 DECISION OF CHARACTER.\\ncharacter. (For farther explanation in regard to the Signs\\nof Decisiveness, the reader is referred to pige 141 in my\\nNew Physiognomical Chart of Character.) A man of stable\\nbone is generally a man of stable character. He who makes\\nbone early, lays the foundation of an honest, manly life.\\nHe who neglects this, will, generally speaking, become\\nvacillating, and perchance may, in a snailish or imper-\\nceptible manner, merge into a harlequin. This is no mere\\ntheory without foundation in fact. He has read history\\nbackward who is not convinced of it, and cannot be called\\nan observant man. Wellington, of whom we have already\\nspoken, was not so large as many men, but his bones were\\nof a large and more firm and enduring character, in propor-\\ntion to his general bulk, than were those of Napoleon I.,\\nand, in consequence of this, he was more stable and reliable\\nin his character than the ambitious, versatile Frenchman.\\nStrong-boned people, though they may sometimes move\\nslowly, always move surely, decide quickly, but are tardy\\nin revealing their decisions, and even when perhaps slips\\nfrom their tongues, the mind is saying, I will, or I won t.\\nGeneral Andrew Jackson had, perhaps, one of the most\\nangular faces in America, and no man was ever firmer or\\nmore decided than he was. His solid parts preponderated\\nover the softer; hence that solid, reliable, decided, and\\nhonest character for which he was so widely known and\\nnoted. Of course, there are exceptions to every rule, but\\ngenerally you will find that the bones of a thief are of a\\nvery unenduring character. He excels in softness of con-\\nstruction; hence, when tempted, he is easily led astray.\\nWe once had an opportunity of studying the character of\\na thief. In the heart of this man there were desires for\\nreformation, but as often as he resolved to be honest, so\\noften did he violate his resolutions and fall. He seemed to\\nhave lost all power over himself, if ever he had any, so that\\ntheft had become his master. The smallness of his bones", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0588.jp2"}, "589": {"fulltext": "DECISION OF CHARACTER. 565\\nin proportion to the general size of his bod) was as plainly\\nmarked as it possibly could be and well do we remember\\nfeeling that, if that young man had been taught in his\\nearlier years to look after solidity of body and brain form,\\ninstead of robbing society, he might, by a staid, solid mind,\\nresolute, honest purpose, and searching, intellectual power,\\nhave made society his debtor, instead of being a weak,\\nunstable, wavering wave of the great human sea, tossed\\nabout by every wind that blew around him. Wherever,\\nthen, you find men of weak, undeveloped, uncompacted\\nbones, do not be astonished if they are inconsistent in affec-\\ntion, fickle in business transactions, changeable in their\\npurposes, without moral stamina, and freakish and unwise\\nin their judgments. The foundation they have laid, or which\\nhas been laid for them, does not possess endurance and capacity\\nfor holding out. What, then, must the structure be What\\nis it that gives stability and physical purpose and endur-\\nance to the mountain, but the hard, solid rock within; and\\nfrom what, in man, may we infer decision of character, and\\npower to hold out in honesty, straightforwardness, and\\nmanliness of life, if not from a preponderance of hard, solid,\\nearthy, osseous matter in his organization.\\nIt must not be inferred from what we have said that\\nbig men are necessarily honest, and small men necessarily\\nthieves. Men of large bulk are often very small boned, and\\nsmall men are often the reverse. But what we assert is\\nthis, that, generally speaking, so general, indeed, as almost\\nto amount to a law, it will be found that men, whatever be\\ntheir general bulk, who have in their systems a preponder-\\nance of good, solid, osseous matter, are men who are large\\nin the capacity of moral endurance, men to be trusted;\\nmen who, if other qualifications are present, are fitted for\\nhigh, responsible situations; while, on the other hand, men\\nwho are wanting in osseous matter, in whose systems soft,\\nflabby substance preponderates, are men without mora]", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0589.jp2"}, "590": {"fulltext": "566 DECISION OF CHARACTER.\\nstamina, quite unstable, and altogether deficient in decision\\nof character. That which would tempt the latter, and cause\\na fire in their lower nature, has little or no effect upon the\\nformer. It does not always thunder when it lightens; nor\\ndoes it always rain when dark portentous clouds fill the\\nsky. It is the soft elements in nature that deceive and so\\nis it among men. The hard, bony hand of the well matured\\nmechanic rarely pilfers. Like others of a softer make, he\\nmay be tempted, but before him is a high aim in life, to\\npursue which he feels under obligation, and for the accom-\\nplishment of which he is conscious of possessing sufficient\\nwill-power; and bringing that power to bear upon the\\ntemptation, he decides against it at once, his whole moral\\nnature thundering No. And in every victory he\\ngains fresh strength. It is the soft, small boned street-\\nloafer out of which cut-pursers, foot-pads, pickpockets,\\nhousebreakers, shoplifters, and all the rest of the light-\\nfingered gentry are made. Healthy work they have never\\nenjoyed and idleness is the mother of vice. The man who\\ndoes not work, especially when young, cannot be expected\\nto be very strong-boned, and in consequence cannot be\\nexpected to be very particular in his morals. He may have\\na certain amount of polish in him, but like the soft-faced^\\nsleek, polite Dr. Pritchard, of Glasgow, he would deprive a\\nvery near relation of life, if m$ ey sould be made out of\\nsuch sacrifice of a friend.\\nWhat a lesson we have here for parents! How often\\nthey neglect the bodies of their children, setting them to\\nmental work before their minds have room to act. Make\\nbody, my son, make body was the advice given by Dr.\\nLyman Beecher, to his son, Henry Ward. The son took the\\nfather s advice. He spent much of the time during his early\\nyears in gardening, c, and where will you find a stronger\\nboned, more plucky, determined man in the wide, wide\\nworld, than the minister of Plymouth Chur,ch? Industry", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0590.jp2"}, "591": {"fulltext": "DECISION OF CHARACTER. 567\\nis the father of honesty, honour, and incorruptibility of\\ncharacter, because it develops and matures that part of\\nthe human system which is intended for hard, enduring\\naction, firm, solid, well- compacted bone.\\nJohn Locke once said, that to have a sound mind in a\\nsound body was the highest state of happiness conceivable.\\nThe old philosopher was right. But how is the sound mind\\nto be got without the sound body? We do not mean to\\nsay that a man with a weak, unhealthy body is necessarily\\na bad man; but so far as we know, very few people would\\ncare about electing such to high offices, whether of\\nChurch or State. As a general rule, they have no con-\\nfidence in themselves, and dare not take upon them heavy\\nresponsibilities. They are lacking in enduring bone, and\\nconsequently are lacking in moral decision and -purpose\\nDemosthenes being asked what was the chief part of an\\norator, replied, Action; and what next? Action; and\\nnext? Action. If you ask us how to make bone in your\\nbody, we give the Athenian s reply, Action, action, action;\\nand if you ask how to secure decision of character, we have\\nthe same answer to give, Work, work, work; and in doing\\nso you are laying for yourself the groundwork of a noble\\ncharacter. Whereas if you are idle, you are losing in bone-\\npower and firm endurance, which, transmitted inwards to\\nthe mind, results in indecision, moral delinquency, incon-\\nstancy of form, and an utter unfitness for any of those\\ncallings which require men with noble enduring purpose\\nof soul. In the language of Shakespeare\\nDo not for one repulse forego the purpose\\nThat you resolved to effect;\\nBe stirring as the time; be fire with fire;\\nThreaten the threatener, and outface the brow\\nOf bragging horror; so shall inferior eyes\\nThat b row their behaviours from the great\\nGrow great by your example, and put on\\nThe dauntless spirit of resolution.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0591.jp2"}, "592": {"fulltext": "HUMILITY.\\nYoi have that in your countenance which I would fain call master.\\nShakespeare.\\nHumility may be exercised toward God and toward man.\\nIn the former case it is a wise recognition of the true\\nrelations between the Creator and his creatures; but in\\nthe latter, it indicates a want of that true dignity which\\nis based upon the brotherhood of the race. On this world s\\nstage, where all the men and women are merely players,\\nacting in that character to which they have been appointed\\nby the Great Manager of all, social humility is as out of\\nplace as social pride. Every true actor on the stage of\\nlife, like every genuine artist on the dramatic boards,\\nplays well his role, whether it be that of a king or peasant,\\nknowing this, that the peasant may be as necessary to the\\nplot as the king, and that it is the acting which elevates\\nor degrades the part.\\nIt would appear at first sight that humility involving,\\nas it does, meekness, submission, and self-abasement would\\nbe a state of mind from which all men would recoil, and\\nto which they would only be reduced by the force of the\\nmost depressing griefs or the most imperious authority.\\nIn partial accordance with this view, we find that there\\nare comparatively few people who are willing to be do-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0592.jp2"}, "593": {"fulltext": "HUMILITY. 569\\nruinated in every domestic and public relation, who do\\nnot shrink, in other words, from a universal humility;\\nbut, on the other hand, the vast majority of mankind\\nexhibit a marked inclination for humbling themselves en\\nparticular occasions, taking as much pleasure in the worship\\nof their chosen heroes, as do the heroes themselves in the\\nreception of their homage. Like the Earl of Kent, whom\\nI have quoted in my motto, they are always finding some\\none whom they would fain call master.\\nAt the present stage of general enlightenment, and a\\nfortiori in the past, the populace have needed, as well\\nas demanded, great leaders, political, religious, and philo-\\nsophic, to plan and direct their movements. As they were\\nunwilling and unable to think for themselves, it was\\nnecessary that some one should think for them, else there\\ncould be no recognized law, no concert of action, and by\\nconsequence, no progress in civilization. The people, how-\\never active and industrious, are, as a rule, without plans\\nfor the future, and they therefore always surrender to\\nthe original thought that devises for them, and the master-\\ning will that would rule them. To them the one thing\\nneedful is ease; and as they find it easier to be governed\\nby others than to govern themselves, they readily resign\\ntheir intellectual and political independence. Even in a\\nprofessedly republican country, popular autonomy is almost\\nunknown; the people not being governed by their own\\nrepresentatives, but by the representatives of half-a-dozen\\npolitical leaders, assembled in a virtually private caucus.\\nWe may hope, however, that as the advance and diffusion\\nof education awaken and discipline the popular thought,\\nthey may grow out of their present disposition to be\\ngulled and subordinated by every species of demagogue,\\nand may assume and enjoy the proud right of governing\\nthemselves.\\nAs an erect and even backward carriage of the head is", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0593.jp2"}, "594": {"fulltext": "570 HUMILITY.\\nthe Physiognomical sign of pride, we might assume, a priori,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0what is confirmed by observation, that humility, which is\\nthe opposite of pride, would be indicated by a drooping\\nof the head toward the breast. The ox, which carries his\\nhead forward and low, expresses his humility in his willing\\nsubmission to the yoke, and the faithful industry with\\nwhich he performs the bidding of his master. The horse,\\non the contrary, in common with all proud animals, bears\\nhimself loftily. The English, who are naturally a proud\\npeople, carry the head high.\\nWhen humility is not exaggerated into servility and\\nmeanness, it often gives to the address an engaging\\nmodesty, which expresses itself in unobtrusive and attrac-\\ntively deferential manners. Persons who have this modest\\nestimate of themselves, together with a high regard for\\nothers, will naturally incline the head forward, as in the\\nact of bowing. That the forward inclination of the body,\\nwhether expressed in the bow, genuflection, or prostration,\\nis the natural sign of humility, is indicated by the customs\\nof all nations. The Turks and Persians make their salaam\\nby way of ceremony or respect; the Hindoos prostrate\\nthemselves before their idols and their social superiors;\\nand among Christian nations, those who are meekly sub-\\nmissive to the Divine will, incline the head in the reve-\\nrential act of prayer, or of returning thanks.\\nThe strutting carriage is an evidence of pride; but those\\nwho stoop low in bowing, shaking hands, or speaking, are\\nsober-minded and condescending. We naturally stretch\\nthe head toward the object of thought, and hence it is\\nthat pride carries the head from others towards self, be-\\ncause self is uppermost in the mind; while humility inclines\\nthe head toward others since they are pro tempore the\\npredominant interest. When we wish to catch the strains\\nof fine music, we naturally incline the ear with which we\\nbear best in the direction of the sound, and so also we", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0594.jp2"}, "595": {"fulltext": "HUMILITY.\\n571\\nturn the eyes, and often the whole body, toward any\\nobject which we are eager to see. The student bending\\nover his book is another instance of the natural tendency\\nto incline the head toward the object of consideration.\\nIn social life the affectation of humility the crooking\\nthe pregnant hinges of the knee, that thrift may follow\\nfawning is one of the most odious and contemptible of\\nall characteristics, while in religion it constitutes the sin\\nof hypocrisy, which is justly punished in the Mahommedan\\nre^gion by the tortures of the lowest hell.\\nThe devil may grin, for his favourite sin\\nIs pride, that apes humility.\\nSir Edwin Landstctctc, the leading genius among modern painters of\\nanimals. The curly and curved lines predominate in this face and hair,\\nwhich is evidential that he had the inherent power to see, judge, imitate,\\nand produce curved lines of beauty or elegance. (See pages 357 363.)", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0595.jp2"}, "596": {"fulltext": "THE ORIGIN OF PHYSICAL, MENTAL, AND\\nSOUL LIFE;\\nOr, The Origin of Mind and Body.\\nNature is a vast field of physical life. Earth, air, water,\\nand even animals and plants are full of living creatures,\\nmillions of whom, in the form of animalculae, infusoria,\\nand others of like character, are found floating in fresh and\\nsalt water. The air we breathe, the food we eat, the water\\nwe drink, and even the ink with which we write, has each\\nits separate world of living beings, apparently formed for\\nenjoyment, and as well provided for as any of the tribes\\nof larger animals, or even man. It is being demonstrated\\nby H. Carlton, Bastian, and other eminent physicists of\\nEurope and America, that liquids, under certain favourable\\nconditions, will develop organic life. In the experiments\\nof these gentlemen, the liquids used for the purpose had\\nbeen heated from two to three hundred degrees Fahrenheit,\\nwhich is sufficient to destroy all previous life existing in\\nthem. They were placed in sealed, air-tight cans, yet after\\nthe space of twelve days, millions of living creatures\\nappeared in the water, full of life and activity. This is\\ntolerable evidence that life may be spontaneously generated\\nunde*r favourable circumstances. Now, if this is. the fact\\nin minute cases, why may not the vast oceans of our globe\\nproduce, under favourable conditions, the life called man?\\nThere seems to be no other method by which we can\\naccount for his existence on a scientific basis. The fabulous\\nstories of antiquity, upon which modern superstitions of", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0596.jp2"}, "597": {"fulltext": "THE ORIGIN OF MIND AND BODY. 573\\nfaith are based, need the scientific pruning which they are\\ngetting in this age of reason. According to this principle\\nof creation, God formed man out of the dust of the earth.\\nThe life-principle existing in nature, throughout ocean,\\nair, and solid matter, was put into action, and particles of\\nmatter coarsely gathered together, and formed man. That\\nfirst man was larger, coarser, stronger, and less mental than\\nany race with which we are acquainted at the present day.\\nThe earth was in just the right temperature, age, moisture,\\nelectrical force, and magnetic spirit to produce the species\\ncalled man.\\nAs our earth became cooler, whiter races came forth, the\\nresult of the same great laws of life which are now active,\\nbut producing only small animals out of liquids, when heat,\\nelectricity, and light are favourable to such creations. We\\nare candid in our opinion that the Negro race was the\\nearliest created then the dusky races at later periods, and\\nlast of all the white race. We are also firmly of opinion\\nthat the earth has not lost all her generative power, and\\nthat she will yet, under new conditions, form a still whiter\\nrace of men than ourselves, and far superior to all preceding\\nraces. The objection may be raised, that we cannot per-\\nceive the principles of spontaneous generation of life\\nneither can we understand the generation of the sexes,\\nand many other facts in nature are equally unexplainable;\\nthough we do not understand them, still the facts remain.\\nWe cannot comprehend why silicic acid forms those beauti-\\nful crystals known as quartz; yet our ignorance detracts\\nnot one iota from the fact that they do so form. We see\\nno hand guiding their sides or particles, neither could we\\nhave seen the hand of God, or anybody else guiding the\\nmaterial to form man. When the forces of nature, acting\\non liquids and solids, and impressed by light, electricity,\\nmoisture, c, were set in motion, it needed none of man s\\nimaginary assistance or superstitions to make man. When", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0597.jp2"}, "598": {"fulltext": "57 4 THE ORIGIN OF MIND AND BODY.\\nthis globe was in a less pure and perfect state, long prior\\nto the appearance of any human beings upon it, by certain\\nhidden and mysterious laws, various multitudes of animals\\nwere produced, which were existing upon its surface when\\nman first made his appearance. The creative laws are not,\\nand may never be understood by us; but as certain unknown\\nconditions will now spontaneously produce life, why may\\nnot the same causes have engendered it long ages ago, as\\nwell as now? As the mind is still finer and less tangible,\\nit will be harder, by logic, to prove its origin. On man s\\nfirst appearance, he had very little, if any mind; but as all\\nnature tends to rise from the coarsest towards the finest,\\nfrom matter towards mind, so she continued to unfold mind\\nin man until he has now considerable powers in that\\ndirection; yet his present mental force is not nearly so great\\nas it will be in the coming centuries. By taking a retro-\\nspective view of history, we find that all races were\\noriginally barbarians. The ancient Britons were savages;\\nyet what brilliant talent and intellect now shines over all\\nthe hills and valleys of that mother country. Mind is a\\ncreation from animal life, and just as much regulated by\\nthe same great natural laws as that which guided the\\ncreation of body life. Matter creates body, and body\\ncreates mind, and mind creates soul; and thus the great\\nprogressive scheme of nature goes on, step by step, rising\\nhigher and higher, becoming finer and more complex as it\\ndevelops, until the eyes fail to perceive, or the thought to\\ncomprehend its creations or existence. Undoubtedly the\\nsoul will produce still higher forms of soul life, as time\\nrolls onward to eternity. What in the future the offspring\\nof soul will be, we cannot determine. The physical body\\nis the organ of the mind, and the mind is the organ of the\\nsoul. Coarse bodies sometimes contain beautiful caskets\\nand interior jewels, glittering and precious so it is with\\nthe physical body Disappointments, vexations, and sorrows", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0598.jp2"}, "599": {"fulltext": "THE ORIGIN OF MIND AND BODY. 575\\nprod ace or develop the beautiful interior mind, and the\\nsoul will naturally be still finer, and more beautiful and\\npure. Now, the encasement of mind is the physical body,\\nand our sou 1 works through our mental natures, conse-\\nquently, it must live within its portals, the same as the\\nmind dwells within the physical, and works through the\\nsame. The butterfly affords us an excellent example of\\nthree species of existence after the egg, through which state\\nof life man passes, the same as all other transmitted life.\\nFirst, we see a coarse, rough-looking worm, or caterpillar;\\nthen comes the chrysalis, significant of death in man; and\\nlast of all the beautiful butterfly. One inhabits the ground,\\nafter which it attempts to climb into mid-air on a tree, and\\nlast of all, it metamorphoses into a beautiful winged creature,\\nand soars into the heavens as its residence. The first,\\nlowest animal, or worm, represents the physical man, who\\nattempts to rise into the air; but only when the bodily\\ncasket is cast off does the soul soar into space, and occupy\\nthe beautiful dream-land beyond. Feeble man, while\\nclogged and loaded down with the gross material of earth,\\ncannot comprehend those various conditions, or recognize\\nthe developments of nature, or the manner in which his\\nconditions are susceptible of different phases, in a few\\nmoments of time. The soul of a child is evolved from the\\nparental soul, as much as the body is an outgrowth from\\nthe parental body. There are some who have small souls\\nas well as small bodies by inheritance, and it will require\\nlonger time in the future to develop them. Some inferior\\nsouls in children are caused by vexations, disappointments,\\nsickness, and animal excesses of the parents, and those same\\ninferior souls are improved by troubles, dieting the body,\\nand silent grief and meditations. In order that all may\\nbecome more gifted in bodily heritage, as well as in mind\\nand soul, we would recommend a higher and better propa-\\ngation of our species. There should, and eventually inert*", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0599.jp2"}, "600": {"fulltext": "576 THE ORIGIN OF MIND AND BODY.\\nwill be, buman exhibitions similar to the cattle and stock\\nfairs of the present day, having for their object the advance-\\nment of humanity. As stock exhibitions are for the\\nimprovement of the domestic animals, so humanity shows\\nshould be for the improvement of ourselves. The physiog-\\nnomical signs of a large soul by inheritance are large eyes;\\nyet an individual may inherit a large soul, and it may be\\nlike rough ore, which is not useful until it has been heated\\nand mixed, ground and powdered, and then transformed\\ninto useful metal. The man who has had many sad expe-\\nriences, generally possesses a fine interior soul, which is\\nlarge, because thus developed. When men have large\\nbones and muscles, with small eyes, and can divest them-\\nselves of selfishness by close cultivation, they will eventually\\nbecome the possessors of large souls. Selfishness cramps\\nthe soul to a pitiful degree. Future life can in no wise\\nneed selfishness, hence it would be to the soul like sand in\\na balloon; when they are cast out, both will rise. When\\ngenerosity that asks no reward veneration that bows with\\nrespect and commands respect, pure and undefiled love,\\nconception of the beautiful, pity that soothes sorrowing\\nanguish, and draws pity from those who are selfish, and\\nthe harmony that influences the quarrelsome to be ashamed\\nof their degradation, and our higher nature thus predom-\\ninates in all affairs, then the soul will grow into beautiful\\nproportions, as these are the foundation of all the attributes\\nof the soul. By the eyes we see the germ of a future\\nexistence they are as a camera, or negative, which gives\\nthe expression of the future body or mind which encases\\nthe soul. We see by the various shapes and expressions\\nin the eyes, the results in the mind and soul, and by tracing\\nback those looks, we learn of the soul and its powers. The\\neyes are the organs through which most spiritual impres-\\nsions are received. The other senses obtain it by contact,\\nwhile the eyes are the principal media that give impressions", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0600.jp2"}, "601": {"fulltext": "THE ORIGIN OF MIND AND BODY. 577\\nto the mind of the external relation and soul of ihlti^j,\\nbecause thuy are connected with the whole universe of soul.\\nThe various faculties and powers of man will \u00c2\u00abSvelop in\\nthe future s ae, being seen only in a diminutive condition\\nhere; yet various degrees of mind and soul iiiay he recog-\\nnized in their greater or less development in the persons\\nwho possess them.\\nRev. William Morley Punshon, an eloquent author and preacher,\\nwho refused all kinds of fruit, but had a strong appetite for flesh diet,\\nwhich is indicated by his broad nose and wide face. This large mouth\\nwith protrusive lips denotes commanding- powers of speech. (For more\\ncomplete description of the indications of this faculty of spoken, language,\\nsee pages 169, 170.)", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0601.jp2"}, "602": {"fulltext": "PERFECTION OF CHARACTER.\\nCould we rear children in such manner as to elevate thg\\nstandard of mankind, would it not be a thought and work\\nworthy even of saints?\\nIf drunken husbands beget imbecile children (which i?\\nnow an acceded fact), then sober husbands, with cool blood,\\nare surely the most likely to produce offspring compos\\nmentis, and having all their faculties developed in a highei\\ndegree of perfection than the offspring of the former class.\\nThen if, as it appears to us to be no less an undoubted\\nfact, the state of the parent is transmitted to the child,\\ninfluencing and controlling his or her actions for a lifetime,\\nwhy not observe those laws of sobriety and morality, and\\nlive by them to the good of unborn generations?\\nWhat would not many give to have a handsome face?\\nA beautiful face is a good recommendation to most persons;\\nyet there is a beauty which far exceeds all merely placid,\\nsmooth faces, and it is the peculiar and still more fascinat-\\ning beauty of soul, which impresses itself upon the visage\\nin all the most pleasant variations of thoughtful expression\\nconjoined with moral worth and purity.\\nThat the children of some parents are a better type of\\nmankini than either parent, is often seen in every day life.\\nCei tain combinations in father and mother will result in", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0602.jp2"}, "603": {"fulltext": "PERFECTION OF CHARACTER. 579\\nfoolish offspring and those mentally depleted. Certain other\\nconditions in marriage will eventuate in talented children.\\nWhen brother and sister bring forth children as a result of\\nmarriage or incest, their children are almost certain to be\\nTools. One case of incest occurred in Iowa not many years\\nsince, and the child was without brain or spinal cord, and\\nan absolute idiot. This case came under the author s own\\nobservation, and the specimen was sent by him to Dr.\\nWillard Parker, surgeon and lecturer to the College of\\nPhysicians and Surgeons in New York, where the author\\nformerly attended medical lectures. Then, again, a same-\\nness of blood or temperament is not conducive to a high\\ntype of offspring; but a German woman, belonging to a\\nrace noted for their good natures and strong constitutions,\\nwould make an excellent union with a nervous or excitable\\nYankee or Frenchman, at least so far as results go in pro-\\nducing more perfect samples of mankind than if both parents\\npossessed the same nationalities and characteristics.\\nThere is no study more important than this: how to\\nmake mankind more perfect. Then let no man or woman\\nslight a single item conducing to this great work.\\nIf a tall, raw-boned man were to marry a pocket Yenus,\\nas well moulded as Hebe, or pure as Lucrece, their children\\nwould, in all likelihood, be of medium height, and capable\\nof accomplishing and enduring more than either parent.\\nSimple beauty of face does not indicate the highest\\norganization. The most excellent organization is where all\\nthe bodily and mental parts act in harmony; where there\\nis no diseased vital or weak mental organ where excess is\\nan entire stranger to the whole form; whose ruling power\\nis the moral and intellectual instead of the animal. Such\\npeople are found not to have horrid or hideous faces, though\\nthey may not all possess the physical qualities of an Adonis\\nor a Yen us.\\nMen study, observe, and write books, and experiment, iu", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0603.jp2"}, "604": {"fulltext": "580 PERFECTION OF CHARACTER.\\nteach and learn how to mix the various forms of horse-kind\\nto obtain the most perfect animals. Cattle are yearly\\nimported by dozens from Europe to mix with ours. They\\nare varied in shape and blood, in order to improve the\\nstock. Sheep-breeders are taking pains in every land to\\ncommingle various bloods, and also to perpetuate pure-\\nblooded stock in its native state, that they may produce\\nthe greatest amount of wool or mutton as is most desired.\\nThe dog species are studied and fostered with great care,\\nthat they may be more perfect in every manner.\\nWhen men, as we see, study and apply their judgment\\nto raising speed, meat, wool, and^ usefulness in animal\\nlife, why not apply equally the judgment and mind to\\nlearn how to rear useful human beings, as well as improve\\nthe race?\\nThere can surely be no nobler aim than to go back to\\nthe first causes and try to adjust them, that nobler races and\\nnations of men may follow us on a higher and purer sphere\\nof action.\\nWe, for our own part, firmly hold the belief that a nobler\\nand purer race will yet spring from the present to fill our\\nplaces when our children s children lie in dust beneath the\\nclods of the valley. Creation of races is as much a fact at\\nthis period of our earth s history as it has been in any\\nformer age, only it is not by the ordinary observer notice-\\nable, it works so slowly, but not the less surely.\\nWhen the laws of unity of the sexes are fully understood\\nand applied by all mankind, then marriage will be so con-\\nducted and arranged by judgment, that happiness and well\\norganized children will be a fixed certainty, and not the\\nresult of blind impulse, as too commonly is the case at the\\npresent day.\\nAs man stands pre-eminently above all the brute creation,\\nso becomes the more important this study of the laws\\nleading to perfection in man. Thousands of dollars and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0604.jp2"}, "605": {"fulltext": "PERFECTION ft CHARACTER. 581\\nhundreds of books are annually used in trying to make\\nmore perfect the animal kingdom, while only two books, at\\nleast of any consequence, have ever been written directly\\non the subject of marriage, with a view to human improve-\\nment. We refer to Walker s work, entitled Intermarriage,\\nand The Science of a J\\\\ T ew Life, by Dr. Cowen, printed at\\nHartford, in Connecticut, which are the only works worth\\na fig ever written on the subject of improving the character\\nof the genus homo previous to birth. Walker s book was\\nprinted in England, and can be obtained at many of our\\nAmerican book stores; and we heartily recommend its\\nperusal to every lover of humanity, as well as the work by\\nDr. Cowen.\\nThe questions naturally arise, When can this great\\nwork of human improvement be best commenced? and\\nHow inaugurate this great reformation? To the first\\nquery the reply should simply be Noiv, noiv and at once.\\nIf a work of reform is worth notice, it can never be too soon\\nbegun. Every hour lost gives to the world more than\\n8,600 more imperfect human beings to grope arid crawl on\\ntowards the grave, hardly able to sustain or help them-\\nselves, let alone the helping of their fellows. The answer\\nto the last of the two questions should be given thus, the\\nmanner of reform should be that none but ri^ht marriages\\nshould ever be made. We would even go the length of\\nsaying that a law should be passed whereby those who are\\nin any important degree unfit for the married state should\\nnot be allowed to enter into it. The law could specify\\nhow a committee could be appointed or elected, whose\\nduty it would be to examine all parties purposing marriage,\\nand to determine whether they were fit for the duties of\\nmatrimony. A male committee to examine men, for instance,\\nand a female committee for women.\\nHorses and other, animals are examined to determine their\\nprobable capabilities of producing good offspring; then why", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0605.jp2"}, "606": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00a382 PERFECTlOr OF CE1.AC1ER.\\nnot examine men and wome with this greater and more\\nimportant object in view the elevation and improvement\\nof our race. This plan of marriage should be based on\\nsomewhat the same principle as that on which men are\\nadmitted to the army or certain secret societies. They\\nshould be examined, and this examination regulated by\\nlaw. We have no doubt that this would, on a fair trial,\\nbe found quite practicable, and would be of enormous value\\nto all humanity.\\nThe perfection of unity is harmony, and harmonious\\nforms are the better calculated to bring forth offspring\\nof that nature. They will give to the world children\\nthat can support themselves, and propagate in turn their\\nown species.\\nAnother very important matter arising out of what has\\nbeen said, would be to rear men and women to have\\nbeautiful Physiognomies; but how shall we accomplish this\\nvery desirable result? There are faces that were they\\nblended in their offspring, the children would be handsome\\nthough the parents might not be so in themselves; but\\nthe condition would most likely be such that the children\\nwould be moulded in a combination of their parents features\\nwhich would give them beauty.\\nWhat faces are those? You take this woman with a\\npug and that man with a Roman nose, and the child s\\nnose is straight. A person with a Roman nose would very\\nwell do to marry a straight nosed individual, at least so\\nfar as noses are concerned.\\nAll fair-haired people are, like light-coloured horses,\\ntender in constitution and liable to consumption; and to\\navoid that they should mate with one of such a tempera-\\nment that they will produce children who will have an\\norganization of a different type; or such that the con-\\nsumptive type will not be seen or exist in the children.\\nA fair-haired person should, as a general rule, marry a", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0606.jp2"}, "607": {"fulltext": "PERFECTION OF CHARACTER. 583\\nDlack-haired person, or one with very dark hair; then\\ntheir children would not be so apt to shew consumptive\\ntendencies. Where fair-haired people marry, their children\\nare usually of weak constitution. Red and black-haired\\npeople make a good combination to produce healthy progeny.\\nPeople with the same colour of hair may have opposite\\nforms, so do not judge that when the colour of hair is the\\nsame it must follow that the forms are alike, for who has\\nnot seen many a man of the Brain and Nerve form with\\nbrown hair who but has also seen such hair accompanying\\neach of the other forms?\\nThe build of the body is a better index to the forms\\nthan colour of hair or eyes.\\nIf marriages were conducted wholly on the scientific\\nplan advocated, there would be less cause for places of\\nprotection, such as asylums, prisons, and schools of cor-\\nrection; as human beings would be produced of a higher\\nstandard, who could control themselves, and possess the\\nfinest Physiognomies as an evidence of self-control and\\nperfection of character.\\nMany marriages are happily made so as to produce\\nperfect natures; but by wrong living and eating the\\nsystems of the parents are so impaired and thrown out\\nof balance, that harmony in the nature of their offspring\\nis entirely wanting.\\nIf one parent has one point in the face small or weak,\\nthe other parent should have that point full or large, then\\nthe child would be neither deficient nor excesssive in this\\nrespect; so all the points in Physiognomy which are exces-\\nsively strong in one parent should be less strong in the\\nother, so as to be counterbalanced.\\nIf the man has a very large mouth the wife should have\\na moderate or small mouth. Where the man has large\\neyes, ears, nose, hands, or feet, the wife should have them\\nsmall or moderate in size to give good-sized and more", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0607.jp2"}, "608": {"fulltext": "584 PERFECTION OF CHARACTER.\\nperfect children in all their faculties than either individ-\\nually possesses.\\nBefore we can make ourselves perfect by improvement\\nafter birth, and even in manhood, we must observe several\\ndistinct conditions. We cannot efface a single faculty: but\\nthat is not necessary if it were possible.\\nThe beautiful parrot, with his green plumage, may rub\\nhis feathers off and off again, and yet nature repeats her-\\nself in causing them to grow green again and for ever.\\nThe tiger may wish to have red stripes or green instead\\nof yellow and black, and by rubbing (were it possible)\\nerase the old spots; yet nature, ever true to herself,\\nreproduces the same spots, not a tinge darker or lighter\\nthan before. The lovely lily may wish to be black instead\\nof white or yellow tinted, and so swings its pendulous\\nhead against some rugged rock and darken its lovely face,\\nbut nature, with her inate principle of self-cure, sets to\\nwork to repair the damage, and in a few days the sombre\\nshades have vanished, and again its natural sunny coun-\\ntenance beautifies the florist s paradise in all its natural-\\nness and purity. So with the powers,, abilities, inclinations,\\ncapacities, endowments, and qualities of man we cannot\\nefface a single faculty; we may smother and restrain, but\\ncannot destroy a single instinct belonging to our\\nnatures. We can control one faculty by another, and ail\\nof them by the will, yet we have no power to rub out a\\nsingle letter of the mind s alphabet.\\nSelf-improvement consists not in destroying, but wholly\\nin the proper use and restraint of our faculties.\\nThe great intention of man s nature is that we should\\nuse all the gifts with which we are endowed, giving them\\na right aim and object, and avoiding the wrongful use or\\nabuse of any of them.\\nIt is impossible to change man s nature entirely, but\\nsome can be transformed so that it would be impossible", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0608.jp2"}, "609": {"fulltext": "PERFECTION OF CHARACTER. 585\\nto recognize them. We see the principle in many young\\nmen from rural life, who abide in the city for a few years\\nunder its grinding and polishing influence, and when they\\nreturn to their country tnends are naraiy recognized. All\\nexclaim, How improved he is.\\nHow to make this happy change for self-improvement\\nis the great query for the world to understand. Patience\\nis the grand panacea and the cardinal virtue. Yet all\\nrequire to be taught as children are, little by little, and\\nthe surrounding conditions are such that it is impossible\\n(or nearly so, while in those circumstances) for some to\\nreform; but still there is hope, for if they will only try,\\nthe trying will work wonders.\\nFirst of all must be learned the great lesson, what to\\neat and drink, and a greater lesson, to know what to avoid.\\nSecondly, learn how to think, and towards what subjects\\nto direct the mind, and from which to carefully guard\\nthe thoughts; or which thoughts to keep out of the mind.\\nWe cannot prevent bad thoughts entering the mind, any\\nmore than we can prevent birds alighting on our heads;\\nbut we can refuse to harbour the evil thoughts as we can\\nprevent their building their nests there.\\nThirdly, and most important of all is self-restraint and\\nimprovement, in learning how to govern our animal natures.\\nIt takes years for some people to learn to govern their\\ntemper!\\nThere are those who never know the advantage of well-\\ndirected and cherished love! The terrible self-abuse which\\nis prevalent in single as well as in married life, will have\\nto be regulated by higher judgment, and then mankind\\nwill be able to rise in manhood. The way to make people\\nthink and act in this age is to advocate these ideas, and\\nothers will think of the arguments, others will adopt them,\\nand others will refuse them; but it will grow. Some\\nshower of thought will refresh them, and the wind will", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0609.jp2"}, "610": {"fulltext": "586\\nPERFECTION OF CHARACTER.\\nwaft their fragrance through the earth, and the seeda\\nwill find lodging place in the ravines and valleys, and\\nthousands will be improved by these ideas, and the world\\nwill be transformed into great gardens of perfection and\\nharmony.\\nDr Joseph Simms, the author of this book.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0610.jp2"}, "611": {"fulltext": "ESTHETIC ALNESS; OR, LOVE OF THE\\nBEAUTIFUL.\\nA thing of beauty is a joy forever\\nTherefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing\\nA flowery band to bind us to the earth. Keats.\\nThe ./Esthetic faculty is that power of the mind by which\\nwe discriminate and enjoy the beautiful; whether it be\\nexhibited in the world of sense or in the transcendent\\nregions of the imagination. Everything which contributes\\nto the pleasures of taste may be referred to the beauti-\\nful either in nature, in sentiment, or in art.\\nWhen thoughtfully analyzed, beauty is found to depend\\nupon certain primary laws of symmetrical combination; in\\nother words, it is discovered to have its basis in harmony,\\na truth which was long since caught by the classic writer\\nwho defined it as multitude in unity. The dispropor-\\ntionate in nature may be terrific, grand, or grotesque, but it\\nis never beautiful. The same is true in art, which in its\\nhighest aspiration, seeks only to give more definite and\\nintelligible expression to the hidden sentiment in nature,\\nso that they who run may read her divine handwriting.\\nThe beautiful in sentiment is also governed by this law of\\nharmony, for no feeling that is extravagant or impassioned\\never gives the impression of beauty to the mind. Even\\nlove, the most beautiful of all sentiments, becomes in its\\nintenser forms no longer lovely. It is eager, heroic, im-\\npassioned; it leaps into the flames of ecstacy, and, thrilling\\nwith pleasure, it touches the confines of anguish; but in\\nthese, its more ardent phases, it is never harmoniously", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0611.jp2"}, "612": {"fulltext": "588 ^ISTHETICALNESS; OR, LOVE OF THE BEAUTIFUL.\\nbeautiful. When Othello explains to the assembled\\nSenate\\nShe loved me for the dangers I had passed\\nAnd I loved her, that she did pity them.\\nWe are touched by the beauty of the sentiment, but darker\\nfeelings stir us when, as an avenging demon, he rains kisses\\nupon the sleeping wife he is about to murder.\\nOne more, one more,\\nBe thus, when thou art dead, and I will kill thee\\nAnd love thee after:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 One more, and this the last;\\nSo sweet, was ne er so fatal, I must weep,\\nBut they are cruel tears.\\nTliis is not beautiful, for the soft harmony of tender feel-\\ning is disordered by passion. The expressions, a beautiful\\nargument, a beautiful piece of machinery, are literally de-\\nscriptive of the kind of charm which superior reasoning or\\nmechanism often possesses, for the exquisite adaptedness of\\ntheir various parts to the ends for which they are purposed,\\nconveys to the mind the impression of harmony, and with\\nit, of course, the delightful sense of the beautiful.\\nA great theologian has said, that nothing so impressed\\nhim with the goodness of God as the spontaneous gaiety of\\nlittle children but to most minds the same lesson comes\\nhome more deeply in that prodigality of beauty with which\\nthe Great Artist has embellished the heavens and adorned\\nthe turf.\\nIt has been truly said that a circle is the most beautiful\\nof all figures, and that the curving line is the line of grace.\\nHence the superior physical beauty of women soft, pliant,\\nand exquisitely rounded, it is her privilege by nature to\\nexercise a silent cheat, and inspire a delightful prejudice.\\nMan, on the contrary, is formed for strength rather than\\ngrace. His rough beard, like the lion s, clothes him with\\nmajesty, while firmness and daring breathe in his rugged\\nand powerful frame. In his celebrated essay on The Sub-\\nlime and the Beautiful, Edmund Burke carries out this", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0612.jp2"}, "613": {"fulltext": "jESTHETICALNESS; or, love of the beautiful. 589\\nidea of the beauty of roundness to its extreme limit.\\n11 Sweetness, he says, is the beautiful in taste, and adds,\\nwith no little extravagance, that this is owing to the fact,\\nthat the salt which is found in all saccharine substances is\\nof a perfectly globular figure, and that these infinitesimal\\nspheres, when rolled upon the tongue, communicate the\\nsame agreeable impression to the taste that marbles and\\nother perfectly smooth and round bodies convey to the\\ntouch when softly revolved in the hand. It is a noticeable\\nfact, that while the males of all animals are inferior to the\\nfemales in that beauty which is born of the curving line,\\nthey are often their superiors in loveliness of colouring. Of\\nthis fact, the peacock, the common barn-yard cock, and the\\ncanary bird are familiar illustrations.\\nBeauty is given to woman that she may please and\\nattract the stronger sex; but mere physical charms, while\\nthey may captivate the sense, are powerless to engage the\\ndevotion of the soul.\\nWhat is beauty Not the show\\nOf shapely limbs and features. No\\nThese are but flowers\\nThat have their dated hours\\nTo breathe their momentary sweets, then go.\\nTig the stainless soul within\\nThat outshines the fairest skin.\\nBeauty has been quaintly said to live with kindness:\\ndevoid of intelligence and virtue, it is but an odourless\\nflower which fails to retain the admiration it has won.\\nThe love of the beautiful is scarcely less than a universal\\ninstinct, though it differs widely in different nations and\\nindividuals, in the strength as well as the correctness of its\\ndevelopment. Its nobler forms of expression demand some\\nof the keenest and finest mental perceptions, and are in\\nconsequence wholly unknown to those who are vulgar or\\nstupid. The Indian displays the incipience of esthetic taste\\nin his personal adornments in his necklace of shells, his", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0613.jp2"}, "614": {"fulltext": "590 iESTHETICALNESS; OR, LOVE OF THE BEAUTIFUL.\\nfeather coronet, and his embroidered belt; but no chaste and\\nclassical volumes instruct and delight him no works of art\\ngive beauty and dignity to his dwelling and fresh inspiration\\nto his mind. The only real elegance about his home is the\\ncurling smoke that in matchless, though unnoticed grace,\\nwreathes itself heavenward from his uncouth wigwam.\\nThe esthetic faculty is indicated by the most prominent\\nlineament of the face. When the nose is low, flat, and wide\\nat the bottom part, as in the negro race, the love of the\\nbeautiful will be undeveloped, and the instincts sensual but\\nthe reverse will be the case when this feature is thin and\\nstrongly directed outward, especially if it be a trifle raised\\nat the point. The Chinese have broad and flat noses and\\nthe poverty of their artistic conception, as compared with\\nthe skill of their workmanship, is the wonder of the worlcL\\nIn their ivory carvings they display faultless dexterity, cut-\\nting ball within ball, and garnishing each alike, but they are\\nstrangers to the sublime, acute, and poetic thought which\\nthe Hellenic mind personified in marble, and pictured on\\ncanvas. In the Circassian family the nose is particularly\\nthin and elevated, and the esthetic faculty correspondingly\\ndeveloped. In music, architecture, and poetry in sculpture,\\npainting, and landscape gardening; and in the endless\\nnumber of graceful designs which now adorn the simplest\\narticles, and the most humble dwellings, the white race has\\nstrikingly exhibited its intense and cultivated love of the\\nbeautiful.\\nThis faculty is always connected with a lively imagination,\\nwhich, when combined with creative power, results in artistic\\nand poetic genius. If the conceptions which the imagination\\npresents to the mind are chaste,, original, and striking, and\\nare successfully expressed in works of art, these artistic\\ncreations will be as much more beautiful than ordinary\\nnature as the ideal transcends the real. In describing the\\nevanescence of beauty, Bacon compared it to summer fruita", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0614.jp2"}, "615": {"fulltext": "^STHETICALNESS; OR. LOVE 01 THE BEAUTIFUL. 591\\nwhich are easy to corrupt, and which cannot last. Socratea\\nalso portrayed it as a short-lived tyranny; yet in spite of\\nits fleeting and fortuitous character, it has been always\\nhighly esteemed. Ovid considered it a favour bestowed\\nby the gods; Plato called it a privilege of nature; and\\nAristotle maintained that it was superior to all letters of\\nrecommendation.\\nThe love of the beautiful, like every other taste, is suscep-\\ntible of cultivation. The perusal of that class of books\\nwhich appeals to the esthetic faculty, the study of art, and\\nthe contemplation of nature, all conduce to its development.\\nEven the arrangement of ordinary furniture, with a view to\\nits agreeable effect to the eye, will quicken and improve the\\nesthetic sense. The tourist is frequently disappointed by\\nhis first impression of the most noted scenes, and the first\\nstudy of the works of art often rebukes the expectations of\\nthe critic; yet these natural and artistic beauties afterwards\\ngrow upon the feeling, and become, as it were, a part of the\\ninterior life. Studiously contemplated, they silently educate\\nthe sluggish taste, and by slow degrees inspire appreciation.\\nIt is only by thoughtful attention to the culture of this\\nnoble faculty that we can escape the earthward tendencies\\nof our utilitarian age. Therefore, let us be studious to give\\nit proper encouragement; so shall it lend elegance to our\\nhomes, and to our manners a more attractive grace.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0615.jp2"}, "616": {"fulltext": "ATTENTIVENESS.\\nFriends! Romans J countrymen lend me your ears! \u00e2\u0080\u0094Shakespeare.\\nThe line which I have quoted above, and which, as every\\nschool-boy knows, forms the introduction to mark Antony s\\noft-quoted speech in defence of Caesar, is an acknowledgment\\nof the fact that the orator harangues in vain, unless he\\nsecures the attention of his audience.\\nAttention is, indeed, a pre-requisite of all thought, but it\\nmay be consciously or unconsciously exercised. When it is\\nawakened unconsciously, thought comes, as it were, unbidden,\\nand is received and often utilized without the slightest sense\\nof mental application. The majority of the intellectual\\nimpressions of our everyday life are instances of unconscious\\nattention. Such also are the frequently sagacious views,\\nthe profound or poetic suggestions which men of genius so\\noften receive by a kind of intellectual absorption.\\nNevertheless, as a rule, it holds good that the most efficient\\nattention is that which is the result of a determined and\\ntherefore conscious effort of application. This effort to apply\\nthe mind is one of the most strengthening, as well as the\\nmost useful of intellectual exercises. Every time the atten-\\ntion is determinately fixed upon a subject, the mind becomes\\nmore capable of concentrated thought and, to that extent,\\nmore perfectly master of all its resources. The father of Sir\\nKobert Peel, who received the political cognomen of Orange\\nPeel, early designed his son for public life, and to that end\\naccustomed him from childhood to make a verbal report of\\nevery kind of address, political, religious, or literal which\\nhe heard. To this training Sir Robert was indebted for the\\nwonderful ability which he displayed in his Parliamentary\\ncareer, of remembering almost verbatim the speeches of his", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0616.jp2"}, "617": {"fulltext": "ATTENTIVENESS. 593\\nopponents, so that he could take up their arguments, point\\nafter point, and reply to each in its original order.\\nAbsent-mindedness is often regarded as the reverse of\\nattention, but it is sometimes an extreme absorption of\\nthe mind, though in other interests than those which\\nare directly and obviously presented to its consideration.\\nIn the case of deep thinkers, a degree of absence of mind\\nis desirable as well as inevitable; for the world can ill\\nafford to have men of this type diverted from their\\nprofound and useful reflections, to the comparatively\\npetty interests of everyday life yet for the vast\\nmajority of mankind, no advice can be better than that\\nwhich Lord Chesterfield gave to his son to pay undi-\\nvided attention to that which he was about, whether he\\nwere listening, talking, studying, or observing. The advice\\nwas good, for the reason that there are few things so barren\\nthat they have not some outcome to the mind that is eager\\nto perceive and to grasp it. This outcome ordinary people\\nlose by inattention to their surroundings, while they have\\nnot sufficient concentration of thought to fix their minds\\neffectively upon any subject which is foreign to the sugges-\\ntions of their immediate circumstances.\\nThe habit of attention to whatever is going on is abso-\\nlutely essential to social success. Civility demands of us a\\nready response to the wishes and needs of others, but to\\nknow how and when to respond, we must be watchfully\\nobservant. For want of this watchfulness, many worthy\\nand kind people fail to make themselves generally accept-\\nable; while fops, profligates, and shallow-pated girls, who\\nhave cultivated a quick eye for the opportunities of social\\ncourtesy, are sought and admired for their charming and\\nAmiable manners. Nothing is more common in society\\nthan a wandering or indifferent eye under the infliction of\\nconversation which is not desired, and this notwithstanding\\nthat nothing is more certain to be resented. He who\\n2p", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0617.jp2"}, "618": {"fulltext": "594 ATTENTIVENESS.\\nlistens to others, as though their conversation were delight-\\nful, flatters them far more than if he were to exert himself\\nto talk delightfully to them.\\nThe recognized sign of attention is a bending forward of\\nthe neck toward the object which engrosses the thought.\\nHumility bends the head downwards by curving the neck,\\nbut in the act of attention the neck is directed forward in a\\ncomparatively straight line.\\nAll great minds have a remarkable power of exclusive and\\nearnest application. Art, says the poet, is long and time\\nis fleeting, and hence, without persevering attention to some\\nparticular object or art, the finest natural talents will fail to\\naccomplish great results. I once heard a lecture from\\nProfessor Parker upon the subject, Monads, Mice, Monkeys,\\nand Men, in which he said, as nearly as I can remember,\\nthat at first glance a dragon fly, spreading its splendid wings,\\nappears a higher order of creation than a beetle, burrowing\\nin the earth; but the repetition of abdominal rings, which\\nthe former presents, degrades its rank in the animal king-\\ndom shewing that airy flights will not compensate for the\\nlack of concentration. The fable of the tortoise that, by its\\npersevering industry, outstripped the swift but unpersistent\\nhare, is a correct parable of human life. When Bayle, the labo-\\nrious contributor to the Dictionnaire Historique et Critique\\nwas asked to explain his extraordinary productive power, he\\nsaid, Amusements, pleasure-parties, games, collations, trips\\nto the country, visiting, and other recreations necessary\\naccording to what they say to many literary men have no\\nplace in my manner of life I lose no time in them, neither\\ndo I spend any on domestic cares, or in interfering with any-\\nthing, soliciting anything, or meddling at all with business.\\nIn this way, a writer may accomplish much. And in this\\nway, I will add, any person may accomplish much. It is\\nonly by persistent attention to our chosen vocation that we\\nmay reasonably hope to achieve success.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0618.jp2"}, "619": {"fulltext": "PROOFS OF A FUTURE LIFE FOUNDED ON\\nNATURE.\\nNo amount of evidence under the canopy of heaven will\\nconvince a large class of individuals, if they are not in a\\ncondition to receive the truth. But, when affliction comes,\\nthe mind becomes subdued to calm reflection, and we\\nreceive those truths which in the bustle of life we rejected.\\nThe world thinks much about death and its results, but\\nvery little about life. Yet life is the most important of all\\nthings to man, for, as we live here, so we fit ourselves to\\nenter into that second life beyond the grave, which we\\ndeem immortality. This life is only the nursery of the\\nnext world a workshop in which souls are made and fitted\\nfor eternity. How important, then, is this life, and all\\nwhich concerns it.\\nIf our ideas are founded on the appetites, fashions, or\\neducation of people, we shall, and can only, give to the\\nworld something that is not founded in or true to nature.\\nFor instance, that the Chinese live on excitants, and do\\na hard day s work, and seem to fatten upon it, does not\\nprove that their way of living is the true one, or in\\naccordance with Physiological laws.\\nOr, if the Indian starves, and then feasts for days to-\\ngether, it does not follow that his method or habit of life is\\nr correct one.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0619.jp2"}, "620": {"fulltext": "596 PROOFS OF A FUTURE LIFE FOUNDED ON NATURE.\\nSo we shall find that a majority of our actions, out\\nmanner of living, style of dress, and even our creed or\\nbelief are based upon education and fashion. Because our\\nneighbours do thus, and therefore we ought to follow\\ntheir example, is too commonly assigned as a reason for\\nhuman action. This policy is wrong, and the way to\\namend it is for every one to accept nothing, and teach\\nnothing, which cannot be proved from nature.\\nThe fact of a future life can be proved from nature, as\\nwell as it can by revelation, and the way to prove it by\\nnature is in this manner. All organized things in creation\\npossess life, and, under favourable circumstances, they will\\nreproduce themselves, and the fact of their reproduction is\\nproof positive that the seed has life, which we were unable\\nto discover. Why may not man possess an unseen life, a\\nliving principle, which is to exist during all coming time\\nSome have said if they could see a spirit they would b\\nconvinced of a spiritual life beyond the grave but our eyes\\nmay deceive us when reason will not.\\nIf we look into a vessel of water, it appears clear and\\npure, but the microscope reveals to us the fact that it is\\nfilled with numbers of animalculse, which ordinary eyesight\\nfailed to perceive.\\nPlace a straight stick in water, and, to the eye, it will\\nappear bent at the point where the air and water meet,\\nbut our reason tells us it is not so, and that things are not\\nalways what they appear to the eye.\\nWe learn by reason that the rays of light which strike\\nthe surface of water become intercepted, or caught up, as it\\nwere, in their passage through a denser medium, according\\nand in proportion to the angle made by the rays of light\\nand the surface of the material penetrated by those rays,\\nwhich causes the object to appear crooked, so that the eye,\\nwhich sees and follows the rays of light, perceives a bent\\nptick which has no existence.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0620.jp2"}, "621": {"fulltext": "PROOF OF A FUTURE LIFE FOUNDED ON NATURE. 597\\nA man mining for gold in the Sierra Nevada mountains\\nin California, broke open a rock, and finding some clear\\nliquid looking like water, because it was pure and limpid\\ndrank it. In a few hours the man was dead, and, upon\\nexamination, it was found his body was turning to stone.\\nThe clear liquid was silicic acid in solution, which, when\\ncrystallized, forms quartz.\\nThus, we see, that our eyes are liable to deceive us but\\nreason, when rightly developed, is a much safer guide to a\\ntrue belief than sight, hearing, taste, smell, or feeling, 01\\nany of our animal senses. If the sense of sight misleads us\\nin common things, how much more probable to do so in the\\ncase of the immortality of the soul\\nMuch that is unseen is full of life and activity. The\\nwinds blow, but it is impossible for us to see the cause 01\\npower that put them in motion.\\nWe are brought into existence in this world by a power\\nthat is unseen. A universal maxim in nature is, that\\nnothing is destroyed. Now we possess something, yet we\\nare unable to see it ourselves, to govern it ourselves, and it\\nseems to be active without our assistance, and lives for a\\ntime, and then goes away. Some may say that because, on\\nentering this state of existence, we did not know anythirg,\\ntherefore, on going out of this world we shall cease to live\\nand know, and therefore there is no future for us.\\nThis style of reasoning may be good enough for some, but\\nit only amounts to supposition, founded upon the hypothe-\\nsis that we do not know anything when our body is laid\\nin the cold ground.\\nIf we take a boy, or even a man, into a printing office,\\nand tell him to go to work and print a first-class news-\\npaper. Can it be accomplished? Certainly not!\\nSo it is with an infant on entering this world, it has to\\nlearn like the boy in the printing establishment.\\nHow was it discovered that man is to live in the future", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0621.jp2"}, "622": {"fulltext": "598 PROOFS OF A FUTURE LIFE FOUNDED ON NATURE.\\nFor almost every person possesses an innate feeling that such\\nis the case. Nothing is made in vain, neither can anything\\nbe destroyed. When we attempt to destroy anything in\\nnature, we only succeed in changing its conditions, and the\\nconclusive reasoning is, that when man is said to die, he\\nmerely changes the form of his existence under other sur-\\nroundings.\\nContinual change is the law of the universe, and nothing\\nreturns to what it was before. This may be denied by\\nsome, who would bring forth the illustration of water\\nconverted into steam, and then re-converted into water\\nagain, as evidence to the contrary. But this is on the\\nsame principle as when iron is heated and melted, it\\nresumes its solid condition when cooled. Steam is rarified\\nwater, and the chemical condition of water has not been\\naltered, and the iron is iron still, and the water, water.\\nBut, if you burn a piece of wood, you change its state,\\nor transform it into another substance entirely, and it is\\nimpossible, by chemical knowledge, to bring wood again\\nfrom the residue.\\nSo the body changes its condition to other conditions.\\nWe possess a something you may call by what name you\\nplease. As Shakespeare says A rose by any other name\\nwould smell as sweet. What s in a name? But give\\nit mind or soul, and that mind or soul has a condition,\\nand that condition demonstrates that it has various facul-\\nties, many of which are known by all people, and do not\\nrequire proving.\\nWe all have a sense of colour, time, decision, persever-\\nance, love, and hatred, as all, whether savage or civilized,\\nwill admit. Now, these different faculties belong to one\\nperson, and that individual has an identity in this world,\\nand as nothing can be transformed into another substance\\nexcept by the process of nature, so it is equally impossible\\nto change man except by natural law; and by the great", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0622.jp2"}, "623": {"fulltext": "PROOFS 01 A FUTURE LIFE FOUNDED ON NATURE. 599\\ncontrolling laws of his being, he is in time changed into\\nanother state of existence.\\nThere are yet many other evidences which go to prove\\na life beyond the grave. All things are governed by some\\npower, unseen by us, and that aione is foundation enough\\nfrom whfah to argue a future. If He has power to bring\\nus here, then He has the ability to produce as good a place\\nas this for us, when we shake off this soul-depressing\\nmateriality.\\nOne of the strongest evidences of immortality is, that\\nman possesses a longing for a future life, as Cato, in his\\nsoliloquy exclaims\\nPlato, thou reasonest well, it must be so,\\nElse why this fond desire, this longing after immortality.\\nThe innate feeling in every human being is, that he\\ncraves for a life in the future; and we find that all our\\nwants are supplied with appropriate food in this world,\\nexcept this one. Our faculties and desires find something\\nin this life to answer to their several needs; for instance,\\nwe hope for a farm, and in a few years we possess it but\\nthe desire for a future life is never gratified in this world.\\nIt would be strange if God had made a mistake, and\\ncreated an organ or impulse in man which can never be\\nsatisfied, it is conceded by all that everything is created\\nfor cc certain purpose, although we may not be able to\\ndiscover what it is and if we know that there is a faculty\\nin man which desires a futurity, then follows the conclusion\\nthat such a faculty must have an object, or life, in another\\nstate of existence.\\nAnother view of the subject is embraced in the question,\\na Why were we createa at first? This query may seem\\nabsurd, but it is one that may be asked with propriety.\\nWhy are we brought to this earth? The answer is,\\nbecause the results of nature were fulfilled in our produc-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0623.jp2"}, "624": {"fulltext": "600 PROOJM OP A. FUTUFti LIFF FOUNDED N MATURE.\\ntion or, in other words, nature required us to iiti up a\\ncertain place in her repository or building of the universe.\\nEach one of us is nothing more than a brick in this\\ntemple of nature, and it requires all kinds to build it so\\nthey are to be manufactured accordingly, some to one con-\\ndition, some to another. So it is, when you are needed,\\nsome others will be also, and you will have to go and\\ncannot help it, whenever the Great Builder requires you, to\\nfill your position in the great life to come.\\nThis comparison or deduction may seem strange, but it is\\nsimple, and can be understood, if we think a moment. The\\npower that controls seems to be so distant, when we are in\\nfull health and strength, that we rarely give a thought to\\nthe subject.\\nThe philosophy of a future life is very easily understood,\\nif we only look at it in this light; but if you view it in auj\\nother, there is danger of being misled.\\nShall I be left, forgotten in the dust,\\nWhen fate relenting, lets the flower revive\\nShall nature s voice, to man alone unjust,\\nBid him, though doomed to perish, hope to live?\\nIs it for this fair virtue oft must strive\\nWith disappointment, penury, and pain?\\nNo heaven s immortal spring shall yet arrive,\\nAnd man s majestic beauty bloom again,\\nBright thro the eternal years of love s triumphant jeipT*,*\\nTUB BNT*.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0624.jp2"}, "625": {"fulltext": "THE\\nNATURAL HISTORY OF THE EARTH.\\ngedittt\\nBY\\nDR. J. SIMMS, OF NEW YORK,\\nDELIVERED NOVEMBER 16th, 1873,\\nIN FREEMASONS HALL, LONDON, ENGLAND,\\nTJXDEE THE AUSPICES OF THE SOCIETY PROVIDING THE SERIES OF LECTURES\\nENTITLED\\nSuuimn ^mmp (ox the geo^le/\\nORIGINATED AT ST. MARTIN S HALL, LONG ACRE, JAN. 1866,\\nWITH THE FOLLOWING DISTINGUISHED PATEONAGE.\\nsir John Bowring, LL D., F.E.S.\\nProfessor Bcesly, UiiiveisUu College.\\nThos. Horlock Bastard. Esq.\\nFrancesco Berger, Esq.\\nSir James Clark.\\nW. B. Carpenter. Esq.. M.D., F.E.S.\\nM. I). Conway. Esq.. LL.D.\\nW. S. Cookson, Esq.\\nJ. F. Clark. Esq.\\nErasmus Darwin.. Esq., F.E.S.\\nCharles Dickens, Esq.\\nW. H. Domville, Esq.\\nJohn Dillon. Esq.\\nThomas Henry Fairer. Esq.\\nProfessor Frankland. F.E.S.\\nF. J. Em-nival 1, Esq., II. A.\\nHenry F. Farbrother, Esq.\\nHens leigh Wedgwood, Esq.\\nSir J. G. Wilkinson. D.C.L.. F.E.S.\\nDr. J. E. Gray, F.E.S. etc.\\nThomas (Jraham. Esq.. F.E.S.\\nW. B. Hodgson. Esq., LL.D.\\nJames Hevwood. Esq., F.E.S.\\nProfessor T. H. Huxley, F.E.S.\\n1 rotVssor A. W. Hofmann. F.E.S.\\nFrederick Harrison, Esq., M.A.\\nGavin Hardie, Esq.\\nProfessor Thomas H. Key. F.E.S.\\nEev. Tiios. Kirkman, M.A., F.E.S.\\nSir Charles Lyell, Bart., F.E.S.\\nSir John Lubbock. Bart., F.E.S.\\nA. H. Lavard, Esq.. M.P.\\nJ. Baxter Langley, Esq.. LL.D.\\nE. B. Litchfield, Esq., B.A.\\nW. H. Wills. Esq.\\nErasmus Wilson, Esq.. F.E.S.\\nVernon Lushington, Esq.,B.C.L.\\nGodfrev Lushington. Esq.\\nJohn Stuart Mill. Esq., M.P.\\nProfessor Henry Morley.\\nEev. Professor J. Mcrtineari.\\nProfessor Eichard Owen, F.E.S.\\nWin. Scholefield. Esq., M.P.\\nH. J. Slack, Esq., F.G.S.\\nWin. Shaen. Esq., M.A.\\nHerbert Spencer, Esq.\\nSpencer Shelley, Esq.\\nP. A. Taylor. M.P.\\nProfessor J. Tyndall, LL.D., F.E.S.\\nEev. Professor J. J. Taylor.\\nRev. Charles Voysey, M.A.\\nSir Joshua Walmslev.\\nProfessor Williamson, F.E.S.\\nE. P. Wolstenholme, Esq.\\nFor the delivery on Sunday Evenings of Lectures or Discourses on Science,\\nLiterature, Art, Poetry, and Philosophy accompanied by Music\\nfrom, the great Oratorios.\\nThe Sunday, as a day of rest and leisure, when the thoughts of men are released\\nfrom the engrossing cares of mere existence, is the time most fitted for the exercise of the\\nreflective faculties and the Winter Sunday Evenings would be so employed, if opportu-\\nnities were afforded, by large numbers of those who, at present, do not attend places of\\nworship, who would listen to Discourses on Science and the wonders of the Universe; thus\\nproducing in their minds a reverence and love of the Deity, and raising up an opposing\\nprinciple to intemperance and immorality.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0625.jp2"}, "626": {"fulltext": "THE\\nNATURAL HISTORY OF THE EARTH,\\nS $utnxt\\nBY\\nDR. J. SIMMS, OF NEW YORK,\\nAUTHOR OF\\nNATURE S REVELATION S OF CHARACTER\\nA SYSTEM OF PHYSIOGNOMY, ETC.\\nDELIVERED NOVEMBER 16th, 1873.\\nIN\\nFREEMASONS HALL, LONDON, ENGLAND.\\nEndowed with, but finite and imperfect inteUigence we find our-\\nselves clearly overtasked, when we attempt to grasp the mysteries\\nof the Infinite. The ideas of time and space are, beyond aU ques-\\ntion, those upon which, we most frequently exercise our faculties.\\nYet, of time without beginning or end, and of space without limit\\nor boundary, we find we have no satisfactory comprehension\\nwhatever. For proof of the reality of Infinity of time and space,\\ntherefore, we are indebted to negative rather than positive evidence\\nand it is only when we attempt to surround those ideas of time and\\nspace with barriers of limitation, that we discover, that while the\\nhypothesis of Infinity baffles the understanding without shocking\\nthe reason that of limitation is quickly rejected as wholly unten-\\nable and ridiculous. In like manner, as we cannot conceive of time\\nnot preceded and succeeded by time or of space, which is not\\nsimply the pathway to more space beyond, so can we have no\\nconception of any possible form of matter which has been produced\\notherwise than from matter previously existent. Rejecting the\\nnotion that in some way or other entity may be constructed out of\\nnonentity, a little reflection will demonstrate to us the fruitlessness\\nof carrying retrospective speculation respecting the antecedents of\\nthe universe too far into the remote recesses of the past. Let the\\nmind reach a stand point ever so remote, and the bewildering\\nreflection is forced upon it, that by not even a simple second of time\\nhas it approached a beginning. Change and motion, indeed, we\\nfind everywhere, and ever active but of beginning or commence-\\nment, even in their widest significations there appears to be none.\\nWe shaU not therefore, waste time over unprofitable surmises hi a\\nregion of time very distant relatively from our present era. Our\\npresent business is confined to our own earth only, and to the time\\nthat has elapsed, and the changes that have been wrought, since,\\npurely a gaseous body, it took its place in the solar system. This\\nperiod of time, though long enough to render figures comparatively", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0626.jp2"}, "627": {"fulltext": "useless in presenting an idea of its duration, is, in point of fact, as\\ninsignificant in relation to infinity of time, as the cubic measure-\\nment of our planet is to infinity of space.\\nIf we examine closely into the nature of the changes that are\\ntaking place on the surface, in the atmosphere, and in the interior\\nof our globe at the present day, ve may, with very little difficulty,\\nbe thoroughly convinced, that the tendency of those changes is\\ninvariably in the direction of solidification. The less tangible forms\\nof matter, such as water, and the various gases which surround and\\npercolate the Earth, are perceptibly though slowly progressing to\\nthe denser forms of soil and rock strata. The ?nodtis operandi of\\nthese transformations does not fall to be discussed at this early stage\\nof our treatment of the subject but it is necessary to establish the\\nfact, so as to form a basis on which to ground the gaseous hypo-\\nthesis which we propose to enunciate respecting the earliest\\nconditions of the Earth as an independent planet. In the present\\ncondition of our own satellite, we find the process of solidification at\\na much more advanced stage of progress, than that to which we\\nhave attained but we must not therefore infer from this, that the\\nMoon is of older date than the planet round which she revolves.\\nHer size is insignificant compared with that of the Earth; and\\nnaturally the amount of gaseous matter, with which she began her\\ncareer as a planet, was so much less than ours, that it has been\\nworked up and transformed into rock in a proportionately less\\nextended period of time. Whatever may have been the stages\\nthrough which she has passed, she is now entirely destitute of the\\nlighter forms of matter there does not seem to be a vestige of an\\natmosphere surrounding her, and no water rests upon her barren\\nsurface. As general principles must be held as general in their\\napplication, we conclude that she has ages ago passed through\\nand finished the solidifying process which we are experiencing at\\nthe present moment and that in her present condition we un-\\ndoubtedly see that to which we ourselves are travelling.\\nIn view then, of this transformation of fluid and transparent\\nmatters into solid and opaque, which we see going on in our Earth,\\nand of the stage of solidification to which our satellite has already\\nattained, we find on a posteriori reasoning, that at the point at\\nwhich we have proposed to ourselves to take up the Natural\\nHistory of the Earth, no so-called solid matter existed within its\\nbounds. The present firm material on which we tread, and of\\nwhich we ourselves are composed, existed certainly every atom of\\nit but in another form in that of gas, the component parts of\\nwhich, however, must in all likelihood for ever remain unknown.\\nIn the nebulae which the advancement of science has enabled us\\nto discover and examine, it is not unreasonable to predicate that we\\nhave gaseous worlds in, so to speak, an early stage of existence\\nand arguing a priori, we may assume that these nebulae have before\\nthem careers similar to that through which we are now passing,\\nand through which the moon seems already to have passed. It is\\ndoubtless to the agency of electricity that we must look for\\nthe operations carried on in the laboratory of Nature at this", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0627.jp2"}, "628": {"fulltext": "early period. This subtle force is even now but imperfectly\\nunderstood but enough we do know to warrant us in crediting it\\nwith many wonderful properties, while we confidently anticipate\\nthat the progress of scientific discovery will in the future disclose\\nothers still more wonderful. Evolved from the oxygen, which\\nformed a considerable proportion of the combined gases, its restless\\nenergy was employed in setting in motion and dispersing in frag-\\nments the vast mass of gaseous vapour which formed the storehouse-\\nfrom which future worlds were to be made, and which must have\\noccupied a portion of space of inconceivable extent. The disin-\\ntegrated gaseous fragments had conferred upon them, in virtue of\\none of the properties of electricity, the globular form which, so far\\nas we know for certain or are able to conjecture, characterizes all\\nheavenly bodies revolving in regular orbits. This inscrutable ten-\\ndency of electricity to circular motion is universal, and examples\\nmay be found alike in the chemical laboratory, in the now familiar\\ntelegraph, and in planetary forms. It influences all creation in\\nthis circular direction and if a drop of water or of\\nquicksilver be cut in two with a knife, the separated portions\\ninstantly assume the round form and become individual globules.\\nThe same force is expended on solid matter and if this force is\\nnot sufficient to effect its purpose, it is simply because other\\nlocalized forces (such as attraction of cohesion) counteract that of\\nelectricity by their superior strength.\\nWe must imagine, then, our world in its primitive state, com-\\nposed entirely of the gaseous matter rent from the central mass by\\nthe action of electricity, of which oxygen is the universal basis of all\\nelectricity, taking up its position in the system, occupying, of course,\\nan immeasurably greater extent of space than it does at present, and\\nreceiving by the action of the same agency that form of a perfect\\nsphere which, with some slight explainable modifications, it still\\nretains. These modifications consist of a flattening at each of the\\npoles, and some unimportant inequalities of surface the former\\ndue to centrifugal proclivities arising from the diurnal motion of the\\nearth round its own axis, and the latter to the various forces acting\\nfrom the interior on its crust. These disturbing forces will be con-\\nsidered in a more advanced portion, of the lecture but it must be\\nborne in mind that the form which our earth at first received was\\nthat of a perfect sphere, with smooth surface, unbroken by eleva-\\ntion or depression. If at this period the sun was sufficiently con-\\ndensed to emit the rays of electricity which we term light, those\\nrays must then have passed through the transparent medium of the\\nearth without distributing either light or heat. It is a popular\\nfallacy to suppose that when we see the sun blazing in the\\nheavens, it is lighting up and warming every inch of space\\nto which its rays can pierce. The fact is, that these rays pass\\nthrough those regions absolutely without any effect whatever,\\nand it is only when they strike on some substance sufficiently\\ncondensed to refract, instead of absorbing them, that the effects\\nof light and heat come into operation. A familiar illustra-\\ntration of our meaning may be had on any starlight night. The", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0628.jp2"}, "629": {"fulltext": "spaces between the stars have the appearance of intense blackness,\\nalthough all the while the burning rays of the sun are shooting\\nthrough them, and it is only when here and there the body of a\\nplanet is struck that their action becomes apparent. Likewise, in\\nbroad daylight, when we seem to fancy that the entire space\\nbetween us and the sun is gorgeously illumined, the real fact is\\nthat it is only a spot here and there which is not plunged in utter\\ndarkness. So long, therefore, as our planet retained its purely\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0gaseous condition, its relation to the sun was of the very slightest\\ndescription. Water, however, is a substance sufficiently condensed\\nto produce refraction of an imperfect kind and when at this time\\nthe action of electricity had so far progressed as to have condensed\\na portion of the gaseous body of the earth and transformed\\nit into water, the influence of the sun became felt, and the infant\\nplanet may be said to have entered its second condition. The\\n.almost every-day phenomenon of a rain-shower is a familiar\\nexample of the condensation of gas into water by electricity.\\nAt this early stage the water as it was formed took up its\\n^position in the very centre of the sphere, in virtue of its superior\\ndensity; and this process continued for ages, until the earth was\\ncomposed of this central body of water, surrounded by an enor-\\nmously thick bed of surcharged atmosphere, constantly undergoing\\nthe process of condensation into water. This process was gradually\\ndiminishing the aggregate bulk of the whole, and more and more\\napproaching to the lessened magnitude and other conditions which\\nwe have at present. A further grade was by this time probably\\nreached in the commencement of the formation from water by con-\\ndensation, through the agency of electricity, of mud and soil the\\nforerunners of the more compact matter, which we now know under\\nthe guise of the various rock strata. When sufficient electricity\\nhad been produced from the oxygen of the atmosphere to act upon\\nthe particles of water, this gradual process of rock forming was\\nbegun, and it was afterwards aided and supplemented by a variety\\nof other agencies, which we shall presently mention. This new\\nmaterial being of a higher degree of density than either the\\ngaseous matter or the water, naturally sought, as its final resting\\nplace, the nearest possible approach to the centre of the globe,\\nwhere it remains forming, in fact, the first bottom to the vast\\nocean of water which on all sides surrounded it.\\nWe shall treat more fully elsewhere of the advent of living\\norganisms but, as one of the several agencies continually adding\\nto this solidifying material, we may say here that, in all probability,\\nby this time the waters were swarming with certain low orders of\\nanimal life. These, extracting silica and lime from the waters for\\nthe construction of their shells or, as in the case of the coral, for\\ntheir fixed abodes in the rock were continually adding their\\nquota, in shells, c, to the gradually increasing deposits of hard\\nmaterial ever finding its way to the bottom of the sea. Atmospheric\\ndust, seaweed, and the drawing in of aerolites from without,\\nregarding all of which we shall have more to say before we have\\ndone, all lent their assistance in increasing the bulk of these", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0629.jp2"}, "630": {"fulltext": "deposits. The inconceivable pressure to which, owing to the\\nimmense superstructure of water, they were subjected, must\\nrapidly have transformed these loose particles into hard rock\\nstrata, while to this same immense pressure is probably also due\\nthe absence, in the earliest rock formations with which we are\\nacquainted, of fossil remains. It must not be overlooked that\\nthese remote operations which we are so rapidly sketching occupied\\nperiods of time of almost inconceivable length. Figures are nearly\\nuseless for representing in numerical language those nameless ages\\nof time but it is necessary to bear this in mind, as otherwise we\\nare apt to carry away erroneous ideas of the progress of\\nconstruction.\\nWe now approach the era which witnessed the first formation\\nof dry land. Life in the waters must have become very abundant,,\\nand probably the principal organisms were characterised by won-\\ndrous fecundity, rapid growth, and short duration of life. These\\norganisms, dying in countless myriads, and forming at the bottom\\nvast deposits of carbonaceous material in a moist condition and\\nsubjected to enormous pressures, the first rude shock to the placid\\nprogress of the planet would have its origin in the generation of\\nspontaneous combustion. We have in this the undoubted first\\nkindling of those internal fires which have burned for long ages,\\nand which have wrought changes so wonderful in the crust of the\\nearth, and on its surface. The first outbreaks of internal conflag-\\nration were very likely of most destructive violence, spreading over\\nimmense areas in the interior, splitting and upheaving rock strata,\\nand threatening total destruction to the orb itself.\\nThe liberation of these imprisoned spirits of violence formed one\\nof the most important of the epochs which have marked the slow\\ncourse of events above and underneath the crust of our planet.\\nThe hitherto unbroken surface of the ocean was now pierced in\\nevery quarter of the globe by immense wedges of solid material,\\nupheaved from the strata, deep down in the ocean s bed the first\\nseries of continents, islands, and archipelagos, now sprang into\\nexistence and the first step was taken for the reception of a new\\nset of organisms, or, we should rather say, for the development\\nfrom existing organisms of a newer and higher order, capable of\\nsustaining life in direct and continuous contact with the atmosphere.\\nThis first dry land would, for ages, present a rude and uninviting\\naspect but, by slow degrees, vegetation would gain a footing and\\nspread, with an ever-increasing ratio of speed, until it reached that\\nperfection of rank luxuriance known in geological tables as the\\ncarboniferous era. The origin of this terrestrial vegetable life is\\nprobably to be ascribed to evolution from pre-existing marine\\nspecimens, vast quantities of which undoubtedly shared in the\\ngigantic upheaval which we have just noticed. Here we have\\nanother powerful lever added for the furtherance of the great work\\nof condensing fluid and aqueous matter into solid but this\\nsolidifying tendency of vegetation we shall consider more at length\\npresently, when we come to examine these operations more\\nminutely, and from a closer stand-point than hitherto. This-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0630.jp2"}, "631": {"fulltext": "original distribution of land and water was not permanent, and\\nbore no resemblance whatever to our present geographical condition.\\nThe activity of the internal fires continued to bring about cycles of\\nchanges from this distribution, until, through the tedious course of\\nages, and at a comparatively recent date, the coast lines of the\\npresent were established.\\nLet us now, before proceeding to other features, examine at\\nsome length, those grand processes of solidification which may be\\nregarded as the ruling passion of Nature.\\nThe term solid matter is somewhat of a misnomer. There\\nare different degrees of density in different substances composing\\nour earth that is, the individual particles of which these substances\\nare made up are more or less closely compacted but the term\\nsolid, as applied to matter, must be taken only as a relative\\nterm. Taken absolutely, we have no knowledge of solid matter.\\nBocks are all more or less porous and even the diamond, the most\\nhighly condensed of solid material with which we are acquainted,\\nis full of minute holes or interstices not perceptible to the naked eye.\\nThis being the case, our Earth occupies or encloses a much larger\\namount of space than would be the case if the particles composing\\nit were more compacted. It is said that when Faraday was once\\nasked how large the earth would be were it compressed into\\na perfectly solid mass, he replied, in effect, that it would\\nprobably not exceed a cubic foot. It will be understood,\\nthen, that, in speaking of solid matter, we use the term\\nin its relative and not in its absolute sense. There is round the\\nearth in our present atmosphere a quantity of material, such as\\ncarbonic acid, oxj T gen, and other gases, sufficient to form another\\nglobe of equal size, if compressed to the same degree of solidity as\\nthe Earth.\\nWe have already treated of the process by which solid matter is\\nevolved from gas by the action of electricity, and the presence of\\noxygen in the generation of electricity. The atmosphere surround-\\ning our globe consists of 21 parts oxygen, 78 parts nitrogen, and\\nabout 1 part carbonic acid gas in every hundred parts. There is\\nhere an ample store of oxygen for the generation of electricity,\\nthis electricity, by its action, is gradually converting the invisible\\ngases round about us into visible and tangible matter and one-\\nhalf of the entire solid matter of which the earth is composed, con-\\nsists of oxygen. Electricity acting upon water condenses it, thus\\nforming solid earth or soil, which may be proved by a very simple\\nexperiment. Take a bottle of the purest unboiled water, and after\\nhaving it securely corked and sealed, set it aside where it will not\\nbe disturbed. In one month a little murky sediment will be seen\\nin the water. After one year a considerable quantity of material\\nwill be seen and in five or ten years a large amount of solid matter\\nwill be found to have been deposited. It will thus be seen that\\nthe process of earth forming is still going on and instead of our\\nglobe having been created in some remote past, once for all, and\\nthen remaining stationary, the fact is that the growth of the\\nearth has never for a moment ceased, and is still progressing from", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0631.jp2"}, "632": {"fulltext": "8\\nday to day. And it is not by electricity alone acting directly on the\\nsurrounding atmosphere that these changes are being effected, but\\nby a variety of means. The deep sea dredgings lately undertaken\\nunder the auspices of the British Government have shewn very\\nclearly the enormous extent to which solid matter is continually\\nbeing deposited on the bed of the ocean. Myriads of small shell-\\nfish are constantly dying, and their shells falling to the bottom,\\ngradually become transmuted into chalk. When we look at the\\nenormous chalk cliffs of England, Ireland, and France, which have\\nall been formed ages ago in this way, we see what stupendous\\nresults flow from the ceaseless action of apparently insignificant\\ncauses. In this way, too, ironstone and limestone are produced by\\nthe accumulations of vast numbers of shells, of which iron and lime\\nwere constituent parts. The coral reefs of Southern latitudes fur-\\nnish another familiar example, where whole islands or groups of\\nislands have grown, and are still growing, by a similar process.\\nThe water on our globe has undoubtedly been turned into solid\\nland to a great extent, and is still being slowly, but surely trans-\\nformed into mud, soil and rock. The bottom of the ocean is filling,\\nthe mouths of rivers are gradually silting up and forming large\\ndeltas everywhere the land is gaining on the water, and the\\nwater receding from the shore. The only apparent exception to\\nthis is the change being gradually effected on the East Coast of\\nEngland but this is clearly due to the altering conditions of the\\nvolume and current of the Gulf Stream, and it does not therefore\\nmilitate against the general proposition. We often hear it thought-\\nlessly asserted that there is now neither more or less water in and\\naround the globe than there ever has been but such assertions are\\nunworthy of serious consideration, and can only be ascribed to ig-\\nnorance or superficiality of observation. The earth is becoming drier\\nby degrees as the water is condensed by animal and vegetable life,\\nand by electricity direct, into so-called solid matter. The proofs\\nof this position are so numerous that we can only mention a very\\nfew. From ancient records we find that several thousand years\\nsince, there came a rain that lasted forty days and forty nights, and\\nso much water fell that it covered every mountain. Geologists gene-\\nrally believe there have been twelve floods, and that the Noachian\\nflood was one of these. There is not now water enough on our globe\\nto flood or cover the entire earth. Let us assume that the ocean is,\\non an average, five miles deep, and that it covers four-fifths of the\\nearth s surface, while there are mountains whose tops are five miles\\nabove the sea level. There could not now be found water sufficient\\nto make every ocean five miles deeper, and, by doing so, submerge\\nthe summits of the loftiest mountains. History records the fact\\nthat in the time of Menes, first King of Egypt, who flourished 4570\\nyears ago, all Lower Egypt was a morass. At the present day\\nthat tract of country is dry and in a high state of cultivation.\\nFather Louis Hennepin visited the Falls of Niagara in 1678 and,\\nin his work, printed in Utrecht in 1697, and re-issued in London in\\n1698, he gives an account of this wonderful natural curiosity.\\nSeventy-two years after his visit, Niagara was visited by Kallam, a", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0632.jp2"}, "633": {"fulltext": "Danish Naturalist, who found that the third or side fall described\\nby Hennepin had entirely disappeared, the sources of its supply\\nhaving been cut off in this brief interval. Mr. Klark, who resides\\nat the mouth of the Patsjoki river, on the Arctic Ocean, informed\\nme, when I visited him, that the site of a village in Lapland is\\nrecorded, in the archives of Norway, as having been a water-course\\nonly two hundred years ago. Besides this gradual condensation or\\nsolidification of the water, the solid matter of the earth is steadily\\nincreasing by the gradual withdrawal from the atmosphere of the\\noxygen and carbonic acid gas necessary to the maintenance of life\\nin plants and animals. Plants derive most of their sustenance from\\nthe air that is, they absorb from the air the gases, which are then\\ncombined and condensed into sap, and finally into fibre. An\\nexample of this principle of growth may here be given A\\nwillow tree, having been planted in a box containing 600 lbs.\\nof earth, was allowed to remain growing for some time. When\\nthe tree was removed, it was found to weigh 1,063 lbs., and\\nthe box and earth having then been weighed were found to have\\nlost only 6 lbs. of their original weight. Thus the tree must have\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0absorbed and condensed during its growth over 1,000 lbs. of\\nmaterial from the air and water with which it was supplied.\\nMillions of trees in every clime are daily and hourly absorbing and\\ncondensing the invisible particles of the atmosphere and trans-\\nforming them into woody fibre which, by-and-by decaying, forms\\nsoil, and this in turn is eventually consolidated into rock. Doubtless\\na part of these absorbed gases is after a time, by the decay and\\nmaterial disintegration of the plants, set free, to mix again with\\nthe atmosphere but the amount released is altogether incommen-\\nsurate with the amount originally imprisoned; and this, without\\ninterfering with the general principle enunciated, simply neces-\\nsitates the lapse of a longer time before the elements of our atmo-\\nsphere can be wrought up or absorbed. A familiar example of the\\naction of this law in former ages is supplied by the coal formations\\nnow found in almost all parts of the earth. These vast beds of\\ncoal, some of which are found at a depth of 2,000 feet, have been\\nformed from the rank vegetation that clothed the globe in the\\nremote ages of the past. I recently visited a coal mine in Sun-\\nderland, England, in company with Mr. Swan, a highly-respected\\nand estimable friend of mine, who resides in that neighbourhood.\\nThe mine is about 1,800 feet deep, and we there found the seam of\\n3oal nearly seven feet in thickness, and another seam about the\\nsame thickness was being worked nearly 100 feet deeper. The\\nvegetation of which these coal beds are composed was once on the\\nsurface of the earth, as nowhere else could it have grown and the\\npresent depth at which it is found shows the extent to which solidifi-\\ncation has taken place. Coal is composed of ferns, palm trees, and\\nother vegetation, which in former ages must have flourished with\\nrank luxuriance, owing to the warmth and the presence of large\\nquantities of carbonic acid gas in the atmosphere.\\nThese primeval forms of vegetation attained an immense height\\nand, as a grand volcanic eruption raised the bed of the ocean, and", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0633.jp2"}, "634": {"fulltext": "10\\nit cast an unmeasured avalanche of mud over them, swept down and\\nburied them, where they slowly decayed, and became transformed\\ninto coal. The proofs that the solid matter is increasing on all\\nparts of the earth s surface are so numerous that the difficulty is\\nto select from such a mass of evidence and I shall therefore only\\nenumerate a few other instances which have come under my own\\nobservation.\\nWhen I was in Suez the British Consul there informed me that\\nwhen the Egyptians were engaged in building the fine iron bridge\\nwhich spans the Nile at Cairo, one of the laFge iron tubes, on\\nwhich part of the bridge now rests, was being sunk in the bed of\\nthe river, when its descent was suddenly checked, apparently by the\\npresence of some solid and hard substance embedded in the mud.\\nA diver having been sent down to ascertain the cause of this\\nobstruction, it was found that the edge of the tube rested on a well\\ncemented brick wall. A machine had to be constructed to break\\nthis wall, pieces three or four feet in length were raised to the\\nsurface, and the obstacle being removed, the tube settled to the\\ndepth of seventy feet, where it rested on the solid rock. This brick\\nwall occurred forty feet below the surface of the river bed and as\\nsuch walls are originally erected on the surface of the earth, there\\nis here strong presumptive evidence that there has not only been a\\nchange in the course of the river, but that an accumulation of soil\\nhad from various causes, taken place, and from the time of the-\\nbuilding of the brick wall to that of the construction of the bridge,\\nhad reached the very considerable thickness of forty feet.*\\nBiding through Cairo, I saw a ditch, which was being dug by\\nsome Arabs, and at a depth of fifteen feet from the surface, there\\nwas found the stump of an olive tree. On close examination, I\\nfound that this stump was standing upright, evidently in pre-\\ncisely the same position as it had grown the soil was the same as\\nthat in which the olive flourishes, and had no appearance of having\\nbeen previously disturbed. The wood was quite sound, and I\\nobtained a piece of it, which I still retain. In this case the accu-\\nmulation of soil was not so great as in the last case cited, but it was\\nstill considerable, 15 feet of solid or semi-solid matter having been\\ndeposited since the tree grew in that spot. In visiting the\\nruined temples of Eg} x pt, I found numberless proofs of this gradual\\naccumulation of solid matter. The temple of Denderah is partially\\nburied, and a view of the outside confirmed my opinion that the dry\\nportions of Africa are not exempted from the operation of this\\ngeneral law.\\nIn riding round the great temple of Karnack, I noticed that in\\nmany parts a considerable accumulation of soil had taken place.\\nOn the island of Phila?, near the line between Egypt and Nubia, is\\nthe temple of Isis, and there also I observed the same appearances,\\nthough that temple is of comparatively recent date, having been\\ncommenced by Ptolemy Philadelphus about 2,200 years since.\\nIn none of these temples could be discovered any traces of volcanic\\nThis fact, and a few others, have been added to this lecture since its delivery.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0634.jp2"}, "635": {"fulltext": "11\\naction to account for this invariable accumulation of soil. But net\\nto one district or one country are such evidences of the increase of\\nsolid matter confined. When I visited Ephesus, and examined\\nthe ruins which Mr. Wood, under the auspices of the British\\nMuseum, has lately been exploring, I found in many places an\\naccumulation of from 10 to 20 feet of earth. At Jerusalem, I\\nfound the walls in some places covered to a depth of from 50 to 60\\nfeet. The foundations of ancient Tjve and Sidon are nearly buried.\\nSince my visit to Borne in 1873, twenty-six feet of accumulated\\nearth have been removed from the Coliseum, and nearly the same\\nfrom the Eoman Forum. At the ruins of Ninies, in Southern\\nFrance at Italica, in Southern Spain, and numerous other places\\nin the New World, as well as in the Old, I have observed the same\\naccumulations. But, to come nearer home, we have similar evi-\\ndences presented to us in every county of England. Stonehenge is\\na well-known example, where the Druidical stones are all deeply\\nembedded in the soil, and coins are often found deep in the earth.\\nJust before the delivery of this lecture I received a piece of petri-\\nfied oak which has been found in excavating for the Metropolitan\\nRailway. It was found at no less a depth than thirty-six feet under\\nthe surface. But the shortness of time, and the necessity of over-\\ntaking the remaining parts of our subject within the limits of the pre-\\nsent lecture, forbid our lingering longer on this interesting feature.\\nIt is not my province in the present lecture to enter minutely\\ninto a consideration of the rocks, stratified and unstratified, fossil-\\niferous and non-fossiliferous, which compose that part of the earth s\\ncrust with which we are acquainted. The classifications of different\\ngeologists are more or less elaborate, according to their various\\nfancies and predelictions and all classifications are, to a large\\nextent, arbitrary in their divisions and nomenclature. In my\\nhumble opinion, the geological classification propounded by Sir\\nCharles Lyell, Bart., Fellow of the Royal Society, is the most\\ncorrect and satisfactory of all the numerous systems and un-\\nsystematic theories that have been printed. Nevertheless, this\\nview of the subject undoubtedly opens up a wide question which\\nmust be treated of fully elsewhere; but as illustrative of the\\nearly conditions of vegetable and animal life on the globe, it de-\\nmands some part of our attention here. The whole of the deposits,\\nsubsequent to the Cambrian inclusive, are of sedimentary origin,,\\nand stratified and all, with perhaps the exception of the Laurentian,\\nare found to contain organic remains.\\nIn the primary or unstratified formations no organic remains are\\ndiscernible and it has been somewhat rashly inferred from this\\nthat we have here data for fixing the advent of living organisms.\\nWhen, however, we reflect that these granitic deposits have under-\\ngone a variety of violent processes since their first formation, it\\nwill be discovered that the assumption that living organisms did\\nnot then exist, because no discernible traces of them have been left,.\\nis not only unwarranted, but rash and untenable. These primary\\ndeposits were, in the first place, subjected to pressures so incon-\\nceivably vast, that these, of themselves, might be held accountable", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0635.jp2"}, "636": {"fulltext": "12\\nfor the obliteration of all the evidences of organic remains bnt this\\nis not all for they subsequently came under the action of intense\\nheat, which reduced them to a fluid state, and left them on cooling,\\nin the condition we have them at the present day. Granting this,\\nit ought not to be wondered at, that all traces of fossiliferous\\nremains have been effaced in these earlier formations and we\\ntherefore dismiss as idle, the assumption that no life existed prior\\nto the depositing of the earliest fossiliferous strata. The require-\\nments of nature demanded the aid of every possible solidifying\\ninfluence and the appearance of animal life is doubtless coeval with\\nthe appearance of water itself. Pre-terrestrial life was composed,\\nof course, entirely of aquatic specimens animal and vegetable\\nthe former consisting of fish proper, crustaceous, aquatic reptiles,\\nand some mamalia and the latter, of different varieties of marine\\nplants. On the appearance of dry land, through the agencies of\\nsubterranean forces, the highly surcharged, carbonaceous state\\nof the atmosphere would be found eminently favourable for the\\npropagation of certain classes of vegetation. The same conditions\\nwere, however, inimical to animal life, from the superabundance of\\ncarbonic acid gas; and it was only after long ages of what is known as\\nihe carboniferous era, in which vegetation of a wonderfully luxu-\\nriant character flourished, that the world became fit for living,\\nbreathing animals. The marvellous beauty of this arrangement can\\nhardly be unnoticed by the most superficial observer. Here we have\\nthe condensation of gaseous matter going on more vigorously than\\never and in doing so this rank vegetation is gradually withdrawing the\\ncarbonic acid gas from the atmosphere, so as to purify it as it were\\nfor the reception of animal life, while, on the ether hand this same\\ngas is being carefully conserved, packed and stowed away in the\\ngreat carboniferous deposits, to be long afterwards drawn upon at\\nwill by Man. When the atmosphere had been sufficiently cleansed\\nfor the purpose, it gradually attracted, more and more, certain hardy\\ndenizens of the deep and through the course of long ages, first\\namphibious, and afterwards purely land animals appeared and\\noccupied the dry land. The first plants grew to an enormous height,\\nno doubt owing to the abundance of bulk-forming material in the\\nair and for an analogous reason, doubtless, the first land animals\\nalso appear to have attained to sizes far exceeding any specimens of\\n-the present day.\\nThanks to paloeontological research, we are sufficiently familiar\\nwith the appearance and structure of many now extinct animals\\nof that remote period. We do not, however, find specimens of the\\nhuman type, and we must conclude, therefore, that as such Man\\ndid not exist until within a comparatively recent period. That the\\nprogenitors of the human race incipiently existed as a distinct species\\nseems undeniable and it is equally certain that this species was\\nendowed in a high degree, above all other animals, with germs of\\nperfecting progTess and development. To have attained to so high\\na pitch of perfection argues a vast period of time, over which the\\nperfection has been going on and it is, therefore, generally accepted\\nby the scientific mind as ascertained, that long prior to the car-", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0636.jp2"}, "637": {"fulltext": "13\\nboniferous era many progenitors were inhabitants of the deep.\\nThere is nothing shocking in this, except to narrow, warped, and\\nprejudiced minds.\\nMoreover, the hypothesis is almost taken out of the region of\\nconjecture by a close examination of the human body at the present\\nday. A magnifying glass will reveal the fact that the skin is\\ncovered with minute scales, and in some young children may be\\nseen, from one-half to three-quarters of an inch behind the lower\\nportion of each ear, two small orifices, which are doubtless aborted\\nvisceral clefts, once used for breathing water. These orifices are\\nthe same on each side of the neck, thus showing their organic\\norigin and in some individuals they are large enough to admit\\na No. 6 probe from one to two inches in depth.\\nMan has always existed as a separate species but with him,\\nmuch more than in any other case, there has been a greater crossing\\nof varieties, which is, beyond question, the most powerful agene}-\\nfor the improvement of species.\\nHaving now arrived at and considered Nature s great master-\\npiece Man, we shall draw this lecture to a close with a few brief\\nspeculations respecting the future of our earth. Having seen that\\nthere exists at present as much gaseous material around the earth\\nas would serve to make another world of the same size, we may\\nconclude that operations will go on very much as hitherto, until\\nthis surplus material is condensed into soil and rocks. Doubtless,\\nlong ages will elapse after the extinction of land animals and vege-\\ntation, through the atmosphere having become exhausted before\\nthe sea, and with it marine organisms, cease to exist. As already-\\nobserved, we have in our moon a very likely prototype of the state\\nof things to which we are tending and as we have come to the\\nconclusion that matter is indestructible, it is not irrational to pre-\\ndicate that the destruction of the earth, to which so many pin their\\nfaith, will, if it ever comes to that, simply consist of the resolving\\nof all earthly matter into its original elements. This, in its turn,\\nmay be succeeded by a repetition of the slow solidifying process\\nonce more, and so on ad infinitum. But as at the commencement\\nof this lecture we deprecated as useless the attempt to carry our\\nminds back too far into the past, so, for exactly the same reason, do\\nwe desist from useless speculations regarding too remote a future.\\nWe may rest assured that this smiling earth of ours will last as\\nlong as there are useful purposes to serve and that it will yet\\nproduce abundant harvests of spiritual and mental culture in deve-\\nloping the body, intellect, and soul of Man.\\nMeanwhile the God of Nature is writing the history of His\\nhandiwork, day by day now, as he has been doing for countless\\nages that have passed away. The majesty and completeness of the\\nwork are becoming more and more apparent as the perfection of\\nsoul-being is more closely approached. In this great work we may\\nread the character of God himself in all its incomprehensible gran-\\ndeur and sublimity and we, the tiny offshoots of His mighty spirit\\nmay well resign ourselves unreservedly as a child in the arms of\\nits father to await the future he has prepared for us. It were\\nblasphemy indeed to doubt the issue.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0637.jp2"}, "638": {"fulltext": "PRESS NOTICES\\nOF\\nNATURES S REVELATIONS OP CHARACTER.\\nHis design has nothing absurd in itself. He has no special craze that we can discover,\\n-and he can even talk of his undertaking in a manner not inconsistent with his knowing how\\nto set about it. He states in effect that every feature of a human being has a history and\\nmeaning of its own if we could only find them out\u00e2\u0080\u0094 which is quite true that certain rough\\ninferences, founded on this belief, are already acted upon to some extent by mankind in their\\ndealings with one another, which is also quite true that a special aptitude for making such\\ninferences, in other words the gift of reading character, is of great use to those who possess\\nit, which is also true and that knowledge of this kind is capable of being made scientific,\\nwhich we think is also true. We can see no reason why physiognomy should not some day\\nbecome a definite and useful branch of the science of human nature. The Saturday Review,\\nLondon.\\nObservant men in all ages have noticed a certain correspondence between the configura-\\ntion of living beings and traits of character or disposition possessed by them and that this\\ncorrespondence should receive its highest expression in humanity is only what might be ex-\\npected. Yet it cannot be denied that the subject is of importance. It contains evidence\\nof shrewd observation on the part of its author, with anecdotes, and copious illustrations of\\nthe subject-matter, by the portraiture of individuals more or less well-known. The Lancet,\\nLondon.\\nDr. Simms is known as a most skilled practical physiognomist, and the experience of\\nsuch a man, unfolded in the book, will be appreciated by many. Pictorial World f London.\\nThis is one of the most important contributions to the science of physiognomy which has\\nappeared for many years. It records many hundred useful observations, illustrated by a large\\nnumber of woodcuts. It is popular and simple in style, and well worth its cost. The City\\nPress, London.\\nThe author is a great observer and a great traveller, well versed in science in its various\\ndepartments, and is known as one of the most interesting lecturers we have. There is nothing\\nin this book which offends against good taste. It is a harmless as well as a valuable contri-\\nbution to literature, and one which should be in the library of every student of human nature,\\n^very phrenologist and physiognomist. Human Nature, London.\\nHas devoted twenty years of his life to the study of physiognomy, and for this purpose\\nhas travelled over all parts of the United States, and over most of Europe. He has produced\\na, Dook embodying the result of a vast number of observations in that universally useful\\nscience, physiognomy. The result is a pleasant book, which will amuse, instruct, and\\nenlighten the mind, and purify the affections. The Rock, London.\\nThis work embraces a wide range of interesting topics, and contains about 300 engravings\\nillustrative of physiognomical phenomena. The author attaches great importance to the\\nselection of food and drink, which he believes exert an important influence on the formation\\nof character. The Temperance Record, London.\\nThis book is much more than a mere treatise on physiognomy. It recognises the truth\\ntoo long ignored by the quacks who have dealt with the subject, that the whole of the parts of\\na compound organism, such as man, are in direct intercommunication, are mutually depen-\\ndent, and are each indicative in measure only of the temperament and character of the indi-\\nvidual. Hence physiognomy is dealt with by Dr. Simms in close connection with animal phy-\\nsiology, and there is no attempt made to sever what are naturally bound together. Not only\\nis the basis from which the writer starts the true one, he deals throughout wisely with his\\nsubject. The Edinburgh Evening News.\\nWe have now before us a work treating not only of noses and other features of the face,\\nbut of the whole human frame. He regards the bodily frame so correlated to the mental and\\nmoral constitution of man, that, if properly considered, it may always be found to afford sure\\nindication of what that mental and moral constitution is. It would unquestionably be of\\ngreat importance for any man to possess this power of thus estimating the characters of all\\naround him, and might be the means of securing safety in business transactions. We have\\nhad much pleasure in reading Dr. Simms s book, and in looking at the many engravings with\\nwhich it is illustrated. There is in the book unquestionably much of original and curious ob-\\nservation. The Edinburgh Courant.\\nWe all receive impressions, favourable or unfavourable, from the faces we meet, and yet,\\nwith this general belief in the indication of character by the face, there are few who take the\\ntrouble to become acquainted with the principles which underlie the science of physiognomy.\\nWe are glad, therefore, to see a work on the subject by Dr. Simms, in which, while treating\\nthe subject in a scientific spirit, he seeks to make it sufficiently popular to interest the general\\nreader. The style is good, the composition simple, and the meaning clear. The Hamilton\\nAdvertiser.\\nWill go farther to establish the truth of physiognomy than anything else. The\\nScotsman, Edinburgh.\\nThis work, whilst a treatise on physiognomy, is something far more it embodies the\\nresult of -nearly twenty years of study and observation by the author. This we may say, the\\nstudent of anatomy would leam much from Dr. Simms. With an industry, which it is to be\\nhoped the sale of this book will amply repay and reward, the doctor has taken his subjects for\\nillustration from every quarter of the globe, and not only from man, but also from members of\\nthe brute creation. The Temperance Star, London.\\nThere is so much ability, so much that is estimable and worthy of note, the book is cer-\\ntain to provoke discussion, and arouse an extensive interest. Brighton Daily News.\\nHis book is enriched with fully 270 engravings, which illustrate the text, and the text them,", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0638.jp2"}, "639": {"fulltext": ".and teach much which it would be well for all to know. If any of the illustrations are like-\\nnesses of celebrated characters, curious, rare, and valuable in themselves, apart from the les-\\nsons they are made to teach by the author. The work is in many respects peculiar, and in\\nseveral ways valuable. To all who wish to study and understand the human nature which\\npasses before them daily, we can, with all confidence, recommend Dr. Simms s volume.\\nNorth British Daily Mail, Glasgow.\\nTESTIMONIALS OF THE PRESS OF BRITAIN WHERE\\nDR. SIMMS HAS LECTURED.\\nLecture. Last night Dr. J. Simms, New York, delivered the first of a series of lectures\\non Physiology and Physiognomy, in the Masonic Hall, which was crowded to excess, the\\naudience including many ladies. For fully an hour the lecturer discoursed on Physiognomy,\\nadding interest to that subject by practical illustrations on persons from amongst the audience,\\nthe reading of whose characters was at once st rikin g, instructive and amusing. The remarks\\nof the lecturer were further illustrated by numerous diagrams, and paintings which were\\nhung on the walls. The Edinburgh Courant.\\nLecture. Last night Dr. J. Simms concluded a very successful series of lectures in the\\nMasonic Hall. At the close, the lecturer was awarded a hearty vote of thanks. The Edin-\\nburgh Courant, July 12th, 1873.\\nPhysiognomy. Last night Dr. Simms, the American Physiognomist, delivered the last\\nof a course of nine lectures on the above subject, in the Freemason s Hall, George Street.\\nDuring his visit to Edinburgh he has been attended by considerable numbers of people, who\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0desired to have the opinion of an expert as to their capabilities, character and disposition.\\nThe lecture last evening was delivered to a crowded audience. Th^ Daily Review, of Edin-\\nburgh.\\nLecture on Physiognomy. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Last night Dr. J. Simms, the well-known, eloquent and\\namusing lecturer of New York, delivered an address in the Masonic Hall, George Street, on\\nPhysiognomy, or Nature, Mind and Beauty. The hall was crowded to excess. The main\\nobject of the lecture was to shew that a close connection might be traced between physiognomy\\nand character. This address was in several particulars sufficiently amusing, and was well\\nreceived by the audience. The Scotsman, of Edinburgh\\nPopular Lectures. Dr. J. Simms. of New York, delivered the closing lecture of a\\nseries of nine lectures in the City Hall, on Physiognomy, Physiology, Geology, e., on Satur-\\nday night last. The lectures have been very successful. The closing remark that the Doctor\\nintended to visit Glasgow at some future time elicited repeated applause. The Evening Star,\\nijf Glasgow.\\nScientific Lectures. Last Saturday night Dr. Simms, of New York, delivered the last of\\na series of nine lectures on Physiology, Physiognomy, Geology, c, in the City Hall. Large and\\nintelligent audiences have attended the lectures, which have been highly successful. The\\nclosing- remark of the Doctor, that he hoped to revisit Glasgow at some future day, and deliver\\nanother course of lectures, was greeted with applause. The North British Daily Mail, of\\nGlasgow.\\nDr. Simms in the Lecture Room. Dr. Simms, the well-known author, and physiogno-\\nmist, who has lectured nightly during the past fortnight, in the Lecture Room, Nelson Street,\\non Physiognomy and Signs of Character, and other subjects, has met with a large and well-\\ndeserved amount of recognition from the public. The Lecturer treats his subjects in an able\\nand interesting manner. Newcastle Daily Journal.\\nDr. Simms s Lectures at Westbourne Hall are a decided success. We have never seen\\nthis Hall so crowded as on Tuesday last, when this popular lecturer delivered his truly popular\\nlecture on Physiognomy and Physiology. To all desirous of passing a really intellectual and\\ninteresting evening we would advise a visit to Westbourne Hall. W. London Times.\\nDr. Simms at the Victoria Hall. During the week Dr. Simms has again favoured the\\ninhabitants of this borough with several very instructive lectures. On Wednesday evening\\nthe lecturer gave explanatory instructions upon the science of physiognomy, and by dia-\\ngrams exhibited comparisons between the intellectual and the debased types of mankind,\\ngiving his hearers abundant hints so as to enable them to judge characters from facial develop-\\nment. The Sunderland Times.\\nScientific Lectures. For several successive evenings Dr. Simms has been lecturing in\\nthe Music Hall, Albion Street, upon Physiognomy, Physiology, and kindred sciences, to\\nlarge and deeplyjnterested .audiences. The system of Physiognomy that the Doctor pre-\\nsents is new and true to nature, being based on observation and reason applied to animal and\\nhuman life. The qui et^humour that pervades each lecture, together with the reason adduced,\\nwill well repay attending the lectures. The vast collection of portraits in oil are the finest\\nand most extensive that have ever been exhibited in Leeds by any travelling lecturer. The\\nLeeds Daily News, Oct. 6th, 1873.\\nScientific Lecture in Leeds. During several successive evenings Dr. Simms has been\\nattracting large audiences at the Music Hall, Albion-street, with lectures on Physiognomy,\\nPhysiology, c. The Doctor is a lecturer of twenty years experience, and this, together with\\nthe extensive apparatus with which the lectures are illustrated, makes them at once instruc-\\ntive, entertaining, and elevating.. Leeds Mercury.\\nScientific Lectures. For several successive evenings Dr. Simms has been lecturing in the\\nMusic Hall, Albion-street, upon Physiognomy, Physiology, and kindred sciences, to large and\\ndeeply interested audiences. Thp item of physiognomy that the doctor presents is new and\\ntrue to nature, being based on olt relation and reason applied to animal and human life. The\\nquiet humour that pervades *+ure, together with the reason adduced, will well repay\\nattending the lectures. The of portraits in oil are the finest and most extensive\\nthat have ever been exhir -y travelling lecturer. The Leeds Express.", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0639.jp2"}, "640": {"fulltext": "16\\nNATURE S REVELATIONS OF CHARACTER;\\nOR PHYSIOGONOMY ILLUSTRATED.\\nBy J. Simms, M.D.\\nLarge, handsomely finished, muslin bound, Octavo Demy, of 624 pages\\nand adorned with 270 Illustrative Engravings by Edinburgh Artists, and\\nprinted by the City Press, London. An exhaustive exposition of the Principles and\\nSigns of a system of Physiognomy, strictly in accordance with the anatomical\\nstructure of the human body, enabling the reader to interpret character by out-\\nward physical manifestations. Price 21s.\\nSold by\\nTweedie Co., 337, Strand, London; Machlachlan Stewakt, 64, South\\nBridge Street, Edinburgh Tweed, 9, Howard Street, Glasgow.\\nBy reading and studying- the above-mentioned work, men and women, possessed of fair\\ncapacities for observation, may learn what the general aspect, activity, stature, form, density,\\nsize, colour, texture, and proportion of each part to the whole organization, accompanies\\nhonesty or knavery untiring industry with its antipode of enervating indolence, unbounded\\ncharity and its antithesis selfishness love as contrasted with hate hope and faith opposed\\nby despondency and infidelity anger and serenity; and every shading of human character as\\nthey indelibly stamp the visage and physique of mankind. In this book, the young may find\\nrules, for strengthening eveiy portion of the human frame the observance of which it is\\nhoped will speedily eradicate the mental and physical infirmities so common to youth, and\\nowing to the prevailing ignorance of the principles that govern mind and health, are not rare\\nin maturity. As there is not a school in the world that teaches what the different forms of\\nnoses, eyes, mouths, ears, chin, c, indicate; so relatively a book that contains such infor-\\nmation becomes all the more valuable.\\nIf the noble objects of life are to render all the aid to others that lies within our power, as\\nwell as to accomplish what little we can for ourselves, which none will gainsay, and as a cor-\\nrect knowledge of human character will enable us to become more useful, so correspondingly\\ndoes a practical knowledge of physiognomy enable us to live to high purposes with greater\\nprospects of success. It also teaches the proper manner of utilizing and harmonizing our\\nmethods of ^thinking, by clearly shewing the necessary cultivation of the great and apparently\\nunlimited powers that have been beneficently bestowed upon mankind.\\nA NEW PHYSIOGNOMICAL CHART.\\nBY J. SIMMS, M.D.\\nMuslin bound, crown 8vo., 240 pages, 220 Illustrations, over 100 faculties, and\\nseveral hundred Signs of Character, none of the latter having been before\\nprinted.\\nBY THE SAME ATTTHOK,\\nTWELVE SCIENTIFIC LECTURES;\\nEDUCATION.\\nTHE NATUEAL HISTORY OF THE EARTH.\\nTHE PROPER CARE OF THE HUMAN BODY.\\nWIT AND HUMOUR.\\nPHYSIOGNOMICAL PRINCIPLES.\\nPHYSIOGNOMY.\\nMATING LOVE, AND ASPIRATION.\\nTHE SECRETS OF SUCCESS IN LIFE.\\nANIMALIMITATIONALITY AND MENTIMITATIYENESS.\\nPHYSIOGNOMICAL ASPECTS OF REVERENCE, INTUITION, FAITH.\\nLOVE AND MARRIAGE.\\nBEAUTY, WITH RULES FOR ITS PRESERVATION.\\na, btu\\nThe Printing and Numerical Registering Company. 7*\u00c2\u00b0$\u00c2\u00b0?,\u00c2\u00b0} n ^03, Old Street. E.C.\\nI Brighton Dati\\\\\\njCWDOU illustrate the text, anu", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0640.jp2"}, "641": {"fulltext": "Mature HctJclatioue of Character?\\nOR,\\nPhysiognomy Illustrated.\\nBY J. SIMMS, M.D., The Unrivaled Physiognomist.\\nA large, handsomely finished octavo of 624 pages, adorned\\nwith 300 Engravings by Edinburgh artists. An exhaustive\\nexposition of the Principles and Signs of a complete system of\\nPhysiognomy, enabling the reader to interpret character by\\noutward physical manifestations, and the forms by which char-\\nacter is disclosed.\\nBritish Press Notices.\\nThere is so much ability, so much that is estimable and worthy of note, the\\nbook is certain to provoke discussion and arouse an extensive interest (Brighton\\nDaily News.)\\nTo all who wish to study and understand the human nature which passes\\nbefore them daily we can, with all confidence, recommend Dr. Simm s volume.\\n(North British Daily Mail, Glasgow.)\\nOriginality characterizes this voluminous book, while every page is replete\\nwith scientific observations that at once make it one of the most interesting and\\nvaluable publications produced in modern times. (The Northern and Eastern\\nExaminer, London.)\\nThis is one of the most important contributions to the science of physiog-\\nnomy which has appeared for many years. It records many hundred useful\\nobservations, illustrated by a large number of wood cuts. It is popular and\\nsimple in style, and well worth its cost. (The City Press, London.)\\nThe author is a great observer and a great traveler, well versed in science\\nin its various departments, and is known as one of the most interesting lectur-\\ners we have. There is nothing in this book which offends against good taste.\\nIt is a harmless as well as a valuable contribution to literature, and one which\\nshould be in the library of every student of human nature, every phrenologist\\nand physiognomist. (Human Nature, London.)\\nHas devoted twenty years of his life to the study of physiognomy, and\\nfor this purpose has traveled over all parts of the United States and Europe.\\nHe has .produced a book embodying the result of a vast number of observations\\nin that universally useful science, physiognomy. The result is a pleasant book,\\nwhich will amuse, instruct, and enlighten the mind, and purify the affections.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 r\\n(The Rock, London a religious paper.)", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0641.jp2"}, "642": {"fulltext": "Observant men of all ages have noticed a certain correspondence betweev\\nthe configuration of living beings and traits of character or disposition pos-\\nsessed by them; and that this correspondence should receive its highest\\nexpression in humanity is only what might be expected. Yet it cannot be\\ndenied that the subject is of importance This work contains evidence of\\nthrewd observation on the part of its author, with anecdotes and copious illus-\\ntrations of the subject-matter, by the portraiture of individuals more or less\\nwell known. (The Lancet.)\\nWe all receive impressions, favorable or unfavorable, from the faces we\\nmeet, and yet, with this general belief in the indication of character by the\\nface, there are few who take the trouble to become acquainted with the princi-\\nples which underlie the science of physiognomy. We are glad, therefore, to see\\na work on the subject by Dr. Simms, in which, while treating the subject in a\\nscientific spirit, he seeks to make it sufficiently popular to interest the general\\nreader. The style is good, the composition simple, and the meaning clear. (The\\nHamilton Advertiser, Scotland.)\\nThis work, whilst a treatise on physiognomy, is something far more it\\nembodies the result of nearly twenty years of study and observation by the\\nauthor. This we may say, the student of anatomy would learn much from Dr.\\nSimms. With an industry, which it is to be hoped the sale of this book will\\namply repay and reward, the doctor has taken his subjects for illustration from\\nevery quarter of the globe, and not only from man, but also from members of\\nthe brute creation.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (The Temperance Star, London.)\\nWe have now before us a work treating not only of noses and other fea-\\ntures of the face, but of the whole human frame. He regards the bodily frame\\nso correlated to the ment *1 and moral constitution of man that, if properly con-\\nsidered, it may always be found to afford sure indications of what that mental\\nand moral constitution is. It would unquestionably be of great importance for\\nany man to possess this power of thus estimating the characters of all around\\nhim, and muht be the means of securing safety in business transactions. We\\nhave had much pleasure in reading Dr. Simms book, and in looking at the many\\nengravings with which it is illustrated. There is in the book unquestionably\\nmuch of original and curious observation. (The Edinburgh Courant.)\\nHis design has nothing abserd in itself. He has no special craze that we\\ncan discover, and he can even talk of his undertaking in a manner not incon-\\nsistent with his knowing how to set about it. He states in effect that every\\nfeature of a human being has a history and meaning of its own if we could\\nonly find them out which is quite true that certain rough inferences, founded\\non this belief, are already acted upon to some extent by mankind in their deal-\\nings with one another, which is also quite true; that a special aptitude for\\nmaking such inferences, in other words, the gift of reading character, is of\\ngreat use to those who possess it, which is also true and that knowledge of\\nthis kind is capable of being made scientific, which we think is also true. We\\ncan see no reason why physiognomy should not some day become a definite and\\nuseful branch of the science of human nature. (The Saturday Review,\\nLondon.)\\n2", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0642.jp2"}, "643": {"fulltext": "Thi3 work comprises a system of character-reading, founded on scientific\\nprinciples, which will be found more free from the traditional folly and warped\\nbygones than anything of the kind that has hitherto been presented to the\\npublic. The book, in fact, is the first that has left the beaten track of arbitrary\\nand misleading deduction, and followed the footsteps of Nature alone in its out-\\nward manifestations of inward character. It is unquestionably a work of tran-\\nscendent ability. No public library or private house should be without a copy\\nand we are persuaded a general adoption of its precepts would result in the pro-\\nmotion of virtue, the suppression of vice, and an ultimate heightening of tire\\nstatus of mankind. We are convinced the day is at hand when physiognomy\\nwill, like other kindred sciences, be taught in our schools and Dr. Simms will\\npardon us if we hint the desirability of a condensed work from his hands,\\nadapted specially for the use of our schools and colleges. (The Free West,\\nLondon.)\\nThe book is much more than a mere treatise on physiognomy. It recog-\\nnizes the truth too long ignored by the quacks who have dealt with the subject\\nthat the whole of the parts of a compound organism such as man are in direct\\nintercommunication, are mutually dependent, and are each indicative in measure\\nonly of the temperament and character of the individual. Hence physiognomy\\nis dealt with by Dr. Simms in close connection with animal physiology, and\\nthere is no attempt made to sever what was naturally bound together. Not\\nonly is the basis from which the writer starts the true one, he deals throughout\\nwisely with his subject. His aim has evidently been to extract what experience\\nhas shown to be valuable from the researches of his predecessors in this field of\\ninvestigation, to base his arguments as far as possible on admitted facts, and to\\nintroduce his own views when needful for the formation of ascertained truths\\ninto a clear and connected system. The manner in which he has performed his\\ntask is worthy of warm approbation. His work is a mass of information, his\\narguments are subtle and ingenious, and he presents a series of conclusions, the\\nvast majority of which cannot be called in question. The book is a thoroughly\\ngood one. It calls attention to a science as yet in its infancy, but the operation\\nof which is universal as society itself. The ordinary reader will persuse it with\\nsustained interest, and the scientific student can hardly fail to receive from it a\\nstimulus to engage in a research at once practically useful and thoroughly enter-\\ntaining. (The Edinburgh Evening News.)\\nBooks are not new in the fullest sense unless, as is the case with the work\\nin hand, they set forth new discoveries and give expression to hitherto unwrit-\\nten thoughts. Dr. Simms, besides effecting consummate arrangement of mate-\\nriala, clothes his new thoughts and remarkable discoveries in clear, manly, and\\nlogical language. Successfully avoiding egotism and intolerance, the work is\\ncharacterized by devotion to charity, honesty, and truth throughout, bespeaking\\nthe author s possession of a mind of a thoroughly independent cast, and com-\\npletely emancipated from previous authority. Most of the volume is taken up\\nwith terse and graphically written sketches of those forms, faces, attitudes, and\\nmovements of men and animals by which character is revealed, the whole being\\nsystematized in accordance with the human structure. The qualities and assimi-\\nlation of food occupy one chapter, which demonstrates how the very nature of\\nthe animal or vegetable substances consumed is engrafted on the mind and body\\nof the consumer and how, by a judicious choice of aliment, vicious tendencies\\nmay be suppressed or controlled An article on the rearing of youth, which is\\nappropriately illustrated with engravings of adults and juveniles, is pregnant\\nwith information for the parents of young families, while that on the localizing\\nof faculties in the author s usual logical and incisive style shows how entirely\\nhis ideas are under command. In short, the physiological acumen of the work,\\nits high, tone, its display of mental vigor, and its imposing array of facts, argu-\\nments, and deductions, forming a substantial system of intellectual science and\\npractical physiognomy, cannot fail to ensure for its author enduring distinction\\nand well-merited renown, while, at the same time, conferring upon all classes of\\nsociety benefits of inestima lie value. (Ixion, London.)\\n3", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0643.jp2"}, "644": {"fulltext": "This book is the result of many years study arid observation, in which Dr.\\nSimms has given to the world a well-digested system of physiognomy, replete\\nwith interesting facts, and illustrated with nearly three hundred portraits. He\\naffirms and demonstrates that every variation of the human form and counte-\\nnance is the result of one or more well-defined causes, and that we have oniy to\\nunderstand these results with their principles, and we shall be able to decipher\\nthe hieroglyphics of nature with unerring certainty. We find no difficulty in\\nadmitting, for instance, that if a man gives himself up to blasts of uncontrolled\\npassion, and the inward storm appears from time to time in a wrathful counte-\\nnance, the traces thus marked will, through time, become permanent and indel-\\nible. On the other hand, that the countenance of a man habitually kind and\\ngentle will present a calm and unimpasskmed aspect. It would not be unreason-\\nable to conclude that the same natural law would be general and applicable to\\nevery emotion, passion, or human faculty of mind, and make themselves appar-\\nent in the face as well as anger, kindness, etc. Our physiognomist only carries\\nout in a broader outline and more minute detail what a few, if not all, instinct-\\nively perceive in a general and superficial manner. He holds that every emotion\\nof the mind, as love, hatred, joy, grief, courage, cowardice, also every intellect-\\nual exercise reproduces and photographs itself in some part of the body and\\nin proportion as any set of emotions, or mental exercises, occupies the inner\\nman, so will its external sign become more conspicuous and pennant. He,\\ntherefore, formulates these unerring productions of nature s pencil, that every\\none may read them with unfaltering ceriainty. To the vicious this must appear\\na somewhat unpleasant discovery; but to society in general in must seem\\nhighly desirable that characters should be more easily read at sight than they\\ngenerally are. The whole fabric of our commercial prosperity, for instance,\\nrests on the degree of reliance whiah each man can place in the integrity of\\nthose with whom he has to do, and it must be of incalculable advantage to the\\nmerchant to be able unerringly to select those to serve him who are of the\\nstamp suited for his business, and those to deal with who are worthy of confi-\\ndence. The traveler who wishes to beguile a tedious journey with conversation\\nwould be glad to discover at a glance which is the sociall inclinedy individual,\\nand what kind of topic will be agreeable to him. It must be important to\\nparents in choosing a trade or profession for a son, to know certainly what he\\nis most likely to succeed in and invaluable to those who are selectin partners\\nfor life, to be assured with respect to the suitability of their choice, though it\\nmust be admitted that in these cases physio noray, however valuable, is not the\\nonly guide, as it is when we meet those with whom we must transact business\\nor interchange social converse without time for lengthened acquaintance. A\\ngeneral knowledge of this science would make the impostor and thief so appar-\\nent that wickedness would be no longer marketable, and there would be little\\nchance of a livelihood except for the honest and upright. Merciless exposure\\nof vice, as Dr. Simms intimates, would take place, if the vicious man carried on\\nhis face a signboard read by every one, and that would be such a check that\\nthese unfortunates would be compelled to seek the paths of virtue. This is\\ncertain to be when she principles of physiognomy are put into daily practice,\\nwhen they are taught in our schools and seated in the professorial chairs of our\\ncolleges. This work gives evidence of great originality and comprehensive\\nobservations that the practical mind will not attempt to controvert. There is\\nalso a vigor of style, joined with sound judgment, displayed in the book and\\nsystem thus given to the world, and they cannot fail to gain for the author\\nr many warm friends and permanent fame. It is one of the best works we know\\non the subject popular, thou htful, and advanced, without being rash and\\nspeculative. Were it properly appreciated and read, an improvement in our\\nrace, both physical, mental, and moral, would be the gratifying result We\\ncannot too strongly recommend it. (The Monetary and Mining Gazette,\\nLondon.)", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0644.jp2"}, "645": {"fulltext": "The cultivated eye of a student of human nature can read the\\nmeaning of human faces and features moi e easily than Champolion could\\ninterpret the hieroglyphics of the Egyptians. An ordinary observer can\\ntell at a glance whether one is in an amiable or an angry mood, while ex-\\nperts at this sort of translation of signs can penetrate the secret arcana\\nof the mind and divine the very thoughts and intents of the heart. We\\nhave just closed a remarkable volume of some 600 pages, with 270 illustra-\\ntions, on Nature s Revelations of Character, by Dr. J. Simms, which\\ngives a new interest to the occult science of physiognomy. Dr. Simms has\\ndevoted many years to this great work, into which he has condensed whole\\nlibraries of facts and arguments, linked together with the inexorable logic\\nof natural philosophy. The one great primal law of cause and effect is\\neverywhere reverently recognized and illustrated. We do not propose to\\nwrite a review or attempt an exposition of the book before us, only to call\\nattention to it, and especially commend it to the study of our cosmopolitan\\nreaders. It is simply a book of nature, a conscientious effort on the\\npart of the author to interpret the revelations of nature. And all such\\nworks are welcomed warmly by those who simply seek to gather facts and\\nlearn the truth, and get hold of the endless thread of creation\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the ever-\\nlasting chain of the logic of life and death. From a mere practical con-\\nsideration there is no knowledge half so important as what is popularly\\ncalled the knowledge of human nature, the art of reading the character\\nin the face. Dr. Simms in his Revelations givs us the key to interpret\\nhuman faces and expressions, so that he who runs may read and make\\nno mistakes. What infinite miseries would hav been spared to mankind,\\nand especially womankind, if they had always been in possession of this\\nkey to character. (The Cosmopolitan, London, Paris, and New York.\\nLondon, England, June 24, 1875.)\\nThe sciences of physiognomy and phrenology are daily growing in pop-\\nularity and rapidly developing into maturity. The older science of the\\ntwo, and the one which is based solely upon nature, is physiognomy, but\\nfor some years after the death of Lavater, it seemed to languish lor want\\nof exponents, and made very slow advances. In 1874, however, Dr.\\nJosepn Simms, a well-known scholar and scientist, who, for twenty years\\nprevious, had been devoting himself exclusively to the study of the laws of\\nhuman nature, gave to the world a book entitled, Nature s Revelations of\\nCharacter, a comprehensive, scientific treatise on the organs of the mind\\nand body, with rules for their government and improvement. In this\\nwork, which is highly spoken of by the leading European and American\\njournals, the author claims, and justly, we think, to hav founded a supe-\\nrior system of physiognomy. In any event Dr. Simms is himself a man of\\nripe culture and varied experience, who reads with correctness the char-\\nacters of all with whom he comes in contact, and his book is so fruitful of\\npractical information and worldly wisdom that, considered apart from its\\nscientific excellencies, it cannot fail to amuse and instruct its readers.\\n(Daily British Colonist, Victoria, British Columbia, Oct. 25, 1879.)\\nAustralasian Press Notices.\\nWe have received a copy of Dr. Simms s large book on physiognomy,\\nentitled, Nature s Revelations of Character. It is an interesting as well\\nas an instructive volume, containing not only information regarding the\\nscience to which the author has particularly devoted himself, but also a\\nnumber of useful hints on health, etc. (The Evening Post, Wellington,\\nNew Zealand, April 19, 1881).\\nDr. Simms s latest work on physiognomy combines solid sense with\\nelegant expression, showing that the author has been a very extensive and\\nkeen observer of men and animals, and can present a vast array of facts\\n5", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0645.jp2"}, "646": {"fulltext": "and reasons very cogently. The subject being one of general interest, the\\nbook is highly recommended to the public, no abler work on physiognomy\\nbeing in print. (The Observer, Auckland, New Zealand, March 26, 1881).\\nThe ideal of a perfect life is as multifarious as the number aspiring to\\nenjoy that yet unrealized dream. How often are human struggles in this\\ndirection vain and extravagant Is there no remedy We think there is\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094in a better knowledge of human character. Young people should obtain\\na just estimate of themselvs, so that they may at least make a beginning\\nin the direction for which their natural capacities fit them. The new\\nscience of physiognomy, originated by Dr. J. Simms, now in our city, is\\nestablishing itself as an infallible means of acquiring this necessary esti-\\nmate, till signs of character are illustrated and explained so minutely that\\nreaders can easily become efficient physiognomists. The book also con-\\ntains a large number of essays on kindred subjects, written in a very fas-\\ncinating manner, and constituting a library in itself of useful knowledge.\\nThis system of character reading introduces its students to a new and\\npractical science, interesting in itself, and useful in the intercourse of our\\ndaily life, both socially and commercially. (The Auckland Evening Star,\\nNew Zealand, March 21, 1881).\\nNature s Kevelations of Character. This is the title of a work by\\nDr. Joseph Simms, whose lectures in this city are now attracting atten-\\ntion. Those who have heard Dr. Simm s lectures will expect to find mat-\\nter of much interest in this book, nor will they be disappointed. The work\\ndisplays considerable ability, and proves that the author has deeply\\nstudied the subject of which he treats. The matter is introduced in so\\nquaint and taking a style as to be well nigh irresistible, and we can con-\\nfidently recommend the work to our readers. The book, which is copi-\\nously illustrated, is published by New\\nYork, and is, no doubt, procurable by order, through any bookseller.\\n(The Daily Telegraph, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, July 26, 1881).\\nNature s Revelations of Character; or, Physiognomy Illustrated, is\\none of the late additions to works on popular science, and it is, we think,\\ndestined to be one of the most popular books on physiognomy extant. Its\\noriginality, reasonableness, and elegance of style will place it in the front\\nrank of first-class publications. The author is the celebrated lecturer,\\ntraveler, and writer, Dr. J. Simms, of New York, who will deliver another\\ncourse of lectures in Sydney in a few months. (The Sydney Daily Tele-\\ngraph, New South Wales, Australia, Oct. 5, 1881). (Dr. Simms had just\\nclosed a very successful course of twenty-two lectures in Sydney when\\nthis notice was given).\\nGreatness, like truth, often lurks in the byways. In our search for\\ntruth and aspirations for greatness we are prone to look in directions al-\\nready mapped out, and follow the well-worn ruts of predecessors; but\\ngreat men and great truths are continually springing from obscure and\\nunexpected places. All great discoveries have been pronounced impossi-\\nble previous to their demonstration the motion of the earth, steam navi-\\ngation, telegraphy, etc., and we presume there are men living to-day who\\ndeny the possibility of determining accurately and completely the char-\\nacter of men and women from the form of face and physique. All of\\nthis tendency should examine Dr. Simms s new system of physiognomy.\\nIt is the most remarkable production of modern times. The art of char-\\nacter-reading is elevated to the rank of a practical science. By its study\\nthe doubts of skeptics will be removed, and all interested in human ad-\\nvancement will find much valuable instruction in the physiognomical sci-\\nence.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (The Telegraph, Christchurch, New Zealand, May 11, 1881.)\\nDr. Simms delivered his twenty-second and last lecture at the Tem-\\nperance Hall, Pitt street, last evening, to a crowded audience of ladies\\n6", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0646.jp2"}, "647": {"fulltext": "and gentlemen. No lecturer who has visited Sydney has been able to\\ndraw such large audiences for so long a time. Great interest has been\\ntaken in his lectures on physiognomy, and they have aroused great inter-\\nest in the study of human character. Notwithstanding several evenings\\nhaving been rainy, the lectures have been very largely attended. They\\nafforded much valuable instruction and amusement interblended in an\\nagreeable form. Dr. Simms thanked the press and the people of Sydney,\\nat the close of the lecture last evening, for their liberality and courtesy\\ntoward him during his long stay here. (The Sydney Morning Herald,\\nAustralia, Sept, 23, 1881.)\\nDe. Simms s Lectubes. This popular scientific lecturer has met with\\ngreat success during his stay in Sydney, for not only has each of his vari-\\nous lectures on the human face been attended by large and intelligent\\naudiences, but a very large number of persons have consulted him daily.\\nDr. Simms is a physiognomist, and has devoted a lifetime to that study,\\nand he has a very pleasing and attractive style of lecturing, being always\\nperfectly clear and plain in his descriptions of the different parts of fea-\\ntures, and practical in nis observations. (The Freeman s Journal, Syd-\\nney, New South Wales, Australia, Sept. 3, 1881.)\\nDr. Simms, a gentleman who has made physiognomy the study of his\\nlife, delivered a series of lectures on his favorite science, in the Temper-\\nance Hall. The hall was inconveniently crowded. Hanging on the walls\\nof the room were some hundreds of pictures of men and women who\\nhave been distinguished in some way or other, either for their virtues,\\ntheir talents, or their vices. The lecturer exhibited some scores of ad-\\nditional pictures, illustrative of different styles of face as indicating dif-\\nierent styles of character. Dr. Simms is a humorist, and his remarks oc-\\ncasionally excite roars of laughter. He is eloquent, and speaks extem-\\nporaneously, and, moreover, possesses considerable histrionic talent. He\\npresents his favorite science bristling with wit and humor, and fringed all\\nround with laughter to those who hear him. At the close of the lecture\\nhe invited a number of ladies and gentlemen to ascend the platform for\\nthe purpose of testing his skill, and two ladies and four gentlemen hav-\\ning accepted the challenge, he gave a most minute analysis of the charac-\\nter of each, and which each acknowledged to be correct. He even told\\nthem the diseases they were subject to, displaying in this respect very re-\\nmarkable powers of observation and insight. (The Evening News, Syd-\\nney, New South Wales, Australia, August 17, 1881.)\\nWe have received a copy of a work by Dr. Simms, entitled Nature s\\nRevelations of Character; or, Physiognomy Illustrated. A description of\\nthe mental, moral, and volitive dispositions of mankind, as manifested in\\nthe human form and countenance. The work is really a text-book on\\nthe subject on which Dr. Simms has been lecturing in Auckland, and we\\nhave no doubt that many who have listened to his discourses, and have\\nbecome interested in the subject, will desire to become possessed of this\\nbook, to which reference may be made on every point. There has always\\nbeen a disposition in the mind to associate mental qualities with certain\\nappearances in the physical structure, and recent experiments and discov-\\neries in science have tended strongly to confirm this tendency, and to\\ngive it a scientific basis. Quick, acute, and truthful judgments of char-\\nacter can probably only be made by those who, like Dr. Simms, have de-\\nvoted much tfine to the practice as well as the theory, but all can learn\\nmuch from the letter-press and portraits of this book. To distinguish\\ncharacter is, however, the least important result oE a study of the appear-\\nance of the human frame. The knowledge attained is of importance in\\nthe guidance of life, in the choice of husband or wife, in the selection of\\niiriends, in the forming of se f -regulative habits, in the treatment of com-\\n7", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0647.jp2"}, "648": {"fulltext": "panions and servants, in the training of children. (The New Zealand\\nHerald, Auckland, March 25, 1881.)\\nNature s Revelations of Character, a book of 624 pages, 8vo, 300\\nengravings on physiognomy, published by\\nNew York. This book deals with a new subject, in a new and very\\ninteresting and scientific manner. Dr. Simms has struck a mine in phys-\\niognomy, rich in truth. The public will be pleasantly instructed by read-\\ning Nature s Revelations of Character, with illustrations. This new\\nwork on physiognomy is eminently readable, and decidedly independent;\\nthe style is brilliant, yet plain; the mode of reading character is entirely\\noriginal; it deserves, and we believe will command, universal attention.\\n(The Melbourne, Australia, Bulletin, Jan. 5, 1883).\\nNature s Revelations of Character; or, Physiognomy Illustrated, by\\nJ. Simms, M.D., published by New York.\\nThe title of this remarkable book hardly indicates the full extent of its\\nrange, or the breadth and completeness of treatment which the subject\\nhas received at the hands of its author. It is a complete and exhaustive\\nexposition of nature s principles, and original discoveries of signs of fac-\\nulties formulated scientifically into a system of physiognomy, and its ap-\\npearance will be hailed with satisfaction by all. Dr. Simms has unques-\\ntionably produced an extraordinary work, distinguished in thoroughness\\nand originality of treatment, remarkable in the unflagging interest which\\nwill be assured to readers of all classes, and no less admirable from a lit-\\nerary and scientific point of view, in which respects it will compare favor-\\nably with any writings that have appeared on kindred subjects in Britain.\\nThe interest awakened at the very commencement is sustained throughout\\nthe six hundred and odd pages of which the volume consists. Illustrative\\nengravings of a very high order, and numbering about 270 in all, are inter-\\nspersed throughout the volume. In the production of these engravings\\nof faces of men, women, and animals, much research and skill has evi-\\ndently been expended. The author tells us that this work is the fruit of\\nhalf a lifetime of cautious observation and experiments, carried on in all\\nclimes, in most nationalities of men, and under circumstances the most\\ndiversified. The work throughout bristles with incisive argument, orig-\\ninality of thought, and accuracy of deduction. The order of treatment is\\narranged with consummate skill; and while the book is characterized bv\\nsturdy and uncompromising good sense which will delight all classes of\\nreaders, there is an entire and unusual absence of egotism or false pre-\\ntences. The engrossing interest which the subject possesses for all mem-\\nbers of the human family in the possession of that quality which leaves\\nthe most entertaining novel far behind, and which Dr. Simms has secured\\nby his masterly arrangement and flowing diction; and last, though not\\nleast, the purity of style which is manifested throughout, will make this\\nwork a favorite family book, which all may beneficially peruse from time\\nto time, and over and over again, with an appetite that will never pall.\\nThe aim of the author has been to set forth new discoveries and theories,\\nsystematically arranged in an entirely new system of physiognomy so\\nclearly as to enable any reader, after a diligent and careful perusal of the\\nbook, to interpret character, disposition, natural capabilities, and habits,\\nby the external conformation (corporeal as well as facial) of the human\\nframe. The author has, beyond question, succeeded in his object, and\\nwe think everyone will find it to his or her advantage to solve all doubts\\nas to the truth of physiognomy for themselves by a careful study of this\\nwork. It is undoubtedly the ablest and best work ever printed on the no-\\nble and interesting subject of physiognomy. (The Evening Post, Balla-\\nrat, Australia, Nov. 27, 1882).\\nOf Dr. Simms s book entitled, Nature s Revelations of Character,\\nwe may say that it treats of a theme more comprehensive, stupendous,\\n8", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0648.jp2"}, "649": {"fulltext": "and sublime than any other known to humanity. Its theme on man and\\ncharacter as shown in face and figure is treated in an unprejudiced and\\ngenerous manner; showing that the author has drunk deeply, though not\\nblindly, at the fountain. These are noble and valuable themes; they ad-\\ndress themselves to our reason and intellect, to our own interests, to our\\ndaily lives, and to those we meet; they plainly show the causes of human\\ndefects, thereby arousing a broad charity for them. A spirit of geniality\\npervades each page of this humanitarian and scientific work. His analy-\\nsis of character is thorough, acute, and the work of a master in the line of\\nthought it develops. No one can read this book without gaining vast\\nknowledge of the qualities of mankind and how to discern them in face\\nand features, while being improved and elevated. It is worth more than\\nall the novels ever written, and is of vast original benefit to all who study\\nit with mind sufficient to understand and apply its great discoveries.\\nNotice of third edition. (The Hobart Herald, Tasmania, March 1, 1882.)\\nAmerican Press Notices.\\nThe ablest book we know on physiognomy is that by Dr. Simms,\\nthe greatest living reader of faces. His work is scholarly, logical, in-\\ncisive, and profound, and should be read by every one. (The Evening\\nTelegraph, Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 26, 1880.)\\nDr. Simms has been known for more than twenty-five years past as\\nthe most profound physiognomist, instructive lecturer on faces, and un-\\nequaled in Europe and America as an author on physiognomy. At present\\nhis large work is in the third edition and selling rapidly. It is esteemed\\nfor its purity of style and its wisdom, presented in logical and original\\nform.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (The Daily Critic, Washington, D. C, Aug. 24, 1880.)\\nDr. Simms, the great traveler and leading physiognomist, has pub-\\nlished a large book on physiognomy. It is a faithful and able exposition\\nof a system of physiognomy, which is the first published, yet the book is\\nin the third edition, which proves that it has a ready sale. This is a most\\nvaluable science to the world, and Dr. Simms, who has devoted his life to\\nit, being its ablest exponent, has produced a work of intrinsic and we\\nthink of lasting merit. (The Examiner and Chronicle, a religious paper,\\nNew York, Sept. 2, 1880.)\\nPhysiognomy Illustrated, is a valuable and enchanting work on\\nphysiognomy by the learned, extensive traveler and popular lecturer, Dr.\\nJ Simms, of New York. It seems to be the first time this ill- understood\\nsubject has been treated in a systematic and scientific manner by a\\nscholar. Here we find the cause fully explained why one man is firm,\\nanother courageous, the third selfish, the fourth musical, the fifth irrita-\\nble, and others moral, logical, beneficent, careful, friendly, agreeable,\\netc. The signs of character, as they reveal themselves in face and form,\\nare here given so plainly that no one can fail to understand them. The\\nwork is the outgrowth of a mind naturally adapted to the study, and not\\nonly raises the subject to the level of a science, but must lead to great\\nand lasting benefit to the public. (The Evangel, a religious paper, San\\nFrancisco, Cal., May 27, 1880.)\\nThe great traveler and special scientist, Dr. Simms, has written the\\nfirst book giving a complete and reasonable system of physiognomy to the\\nworld. The work shows how the mind of man is influenced by prepond-\\nerating bones, regnant muscles, excess of brain, strong aerating organs,\\nand powerful nutritive apparatus, and wherein lies the key with which to\\nunlock all characters. The reasonable and clear manner in which the\\ndoctor has treated his subject is worthy of high commendation. The\\n9", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0649.jp2"}, "650": {"fulltext": "book is the production of a mind having a taste for tLe study of nature,\\nand like Descartes and Newton, he takes a vast stride for vvard and formu-\\nlates a new science, involving acute observation, wide experience in travel-\\ning, and vast research for truth in all departments of life. The book pre-\\nsents hundreds of signs of character, and cannot fail to give undying\\nfame to the writer, and great practical and moral benefits to society.\\n^The Methodist, a religious paper, New York, Sept. 4, 1880.)\\nThe present book by Dr. Simms, on physiognomy, illustrated, we\\nthink, while propounding a system of character-reading altogether new,\\nis the fruit of a mind highly moral, keenly perceptive, logical, and well\\nripened with extensive travel and wide experience in dealing with the\\npublic for more than a quarter of a century. There have been but few\\nauthors on this subject. Aristotle, Porta, Lavater, and Dr. Simms are\\nabout all the original writers worthy of mention, and as Dr. Simms is the\\nonly one of this number who has devoted a life-time to this study alone,\\nhe therefore offers to the world the first system of physiognomy, elabo-\\nrated and illustrated in his large book, Nature s Revelations of Charac-\\nter. The book is interesting reading, clear, thoughtful, and evincing\\ngreat observation and study of all departments of life and forms in which\\nit domiciled. It is masterly in its treatment and should be in the hands of\\nthose who would know their friends and their natural enemies. (Chicago\\nEvening Journal, Sept. 14, 1880.)\\nIn Natures s Eevelations of Character, a late and useful work which\\nwe have before us, the learned author, Dr. Joseph Simms, appears to have\\ntaken a step in advance of his contemporaries, and founded a new and\\nsuperior system in the science of physiognomy. The book is copiously\\nillustrated with the portraits of noted men and women, and contains up-\\nwards of six hundred pages. Its contents comprise reliable information\\nof the character and constitutition of all the varied grades and races of\\nhumanity. The mode of reading the minds of men by the color of the\\neyes and hair, the style of the walk, and the size and shape of the features,\\nthe formation of the body, etc., is made known to the reader, who with a\\nknowledge of the principles of the science and a little practice may soon\\nbecome quite an expert in his perception and judgment of the hidden\\nmotives of mankind. The book is assuredly one of rare originality and\\ndeep research, and its aim, the mental, moral, and physical improvement\\nof the human race, is a noble and lofty one, well worthy of the unhesita-\\nting indorsement and aid of all good and philanthropic people. (Pacific\\nChristian Advocate, Portland, Oregon, Jan. 29, 1880.)\\nI have just been reading Nature s Revelations of Character; or, Phys-\\niognomy Illustrated, by Joseph Simms, M.D., and find it one of the most\\ninteresting works I have ever read. It cannot fail to please everybody\\nwho peruses it. Its 270 engravings are a volume on physiognomy them-\\nselves. Such large contrasts of visages and forms have never before been\\nso well brought together. It is a real physiological work as well, and\\nsingularly suited to readers of our paper. Scattered all through with\\ngems of thought, items of information, statistics and scraps of poetry,\\none hardly knows when to pause and lay it down. We shall take pride\\nand pleasure in publishing portions of it from time to time in the Physi-\\nologist. The book is a perfect mine of facts of all sorts upon the subjects\\ntreated. Dr. Simms, its author, is a powerful and pleasant reason er, a\\nthinker, and a philosopher. His countenance as shown in the frontis-\\npiece is strongly marked, and shows intensity and vigor of thought.\\n(The Physiologist, New York, February, 1881.)\\nNature s Revelations of Character; or, Physiognomy Illustrated, is\\ntruly a very valuable work. Though I have read many books upon phys-\\niognomy, this is truly worth them ail. It goes farther, says more, and\\n10", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0650.jp2"}, "651": {"fulltext": "says it better, than all others of the kind put together. It is indeed a\\nbook all should read and study, so that they may build themselves up\\nanew, mentally, morally, and physically, and, as a consequence, physiog-\\nnoniically. Its 270 engravings are strikingly illustrative of the science it\\nelucidates. No one can take up the book without a desire to look it through\\nere laying it down. It is so interesting to note the different countenances,\\nforms, and characteristics portrayed in the various physiognomies. There\\nare strong faces, weak faces, intelligent faces, and idiotic faces; benevo-\\nlent faces and cruel faces, long men and short men, round men and square\\nmen, long heads and flat heads, and oh all sorts, sizes, kinds, and varie-\\nties of heads, forms, and faces, and animal and bird heads illustrating\\nevery nation, characteristic, and quality. There is a strain of pure phi-\\nlosophy running all through the book. It is natural, poetical, profound,\\nand deep; logical, earnest, and sincere. It touches upon thousands of\\npoints of interest in the animal world, and concerning the human race,\\nits nature and development. Every page, from preface to finis, teems\\nwith facts which show the writer to be a scholar and a thinker\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a careful\\nstudent who collected, arranged, and classified his discoveries in a way to\\nmake them available to all. I do not think I exaggerate when I say that\\nto the general reader this book contains a greater amount of new and valu-\\nable information than any other one ever published.\\nIt is a book for all. Old and young, Infidel and Christian, novelist and\\nhistorian each one can find something new, good, and interesting in its\\npages. It is no dull, dry collection of mere statistics, but a real, live work,\\nteeming with gems of thought, incidents of real, life, strange facts, ab-\\nnormal developments, and all manner of curious things, as well as good\\nand useful suggestions. It is so full of pictures, full of thought, and full\\nof truths; six hundred pages of large, clear print, and all in all a book one\\nmay feel proud of as an ornament to the library or the center-table. (The\\nTruth Seeker, New York, March 1, 1879).\\nThe celebrated scientist and author, Dr. J. Simms, has devoted his\\nlife to the study and promulgation of physiognomy, he being the only per-\\nson who has ever made this valuable science a life work. Dr. Simms has\\ntraveled and lectured extensively in all the principal towns in the United\\nStates and Europe, and enjoys an exceptionally high reputation as an\\nhonest and moral man, as well as a reader of human nature and a popular\\nteacher of the fascinating science, by the use of which, one looking into\\nthe face is enabled to divine the secrets of the soul. Everywhere that the\\nlecturer has appeared he has been uniformly successful in winning the\\nwarmest encomiums from the press and public, for his matchless skill,\\nhis ripe experience, and his laudable ambition to enlighten the intellect\\nand elevate the morals of his fellow-men. One manifest advantage which\\nthe doctor possesses over most of his competitors is his thorough knowl-\\nedge of the sciences of physiology and physiognomy. He is thus enabled\\nto comprehend and make, in all instances, a practical application of the\\npeculiar relations existing between the mind and the body, thereby arriv-\\ning at a complete understanding of each individual character. Dr. Simms,\\nafter twenty-five years traveling in all quarters of the globe, has produced\\na large book on physiognomy ol sterling worth. It is an honest interpre-\\ntation of nature, lucid, vigorous, moral, and tends to purify the affeetions\\nand expand the intellect. (The Baptist Weekly a religious paper New\\nYork, Sept. 2, 1880).\\nSomething New. Science is ever seeking new worlds to conquer,\\nmeeting sometimes with partial success and more often failure, but to the\\nphysiognomical world a great victory has been won by the celebrated\\nlecturer, author, and traveler, Dr. J. Simms. Where heretofore science\\nhas been without form, a very complete system has been established, and\\nplaced within the reach of all in a book entitled, Nature s Revelations of\\nCharacter; or, Physiognomy Illustrated. This work contains a vast\\n11", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0651.jp2"}, "652": {"fulltext": "amount of information on the valuable and interesting subject of human\\ncharacter, written in a very pleasant manner. The signs of ability and\\ndisposition are all of the common sense order, and are such as can be easily\\nunderstood, accepted, and used. This eminent scientist has devoted a\\nlifetime to the subject of physiognomy; all readers will be satisfied that\\nhis labors have been successful. The public is giving a warm reception\\nto this key to character, which it most assuredly deserves. (The Salt\\nLake Times, Utah, Oct. 7, 1880).\\nChaeacter Heading by the Face. Nature s Revelation of Character,\\nan original and interesting work on physiognomy, by Dr. J. Simms,\\nauthor of Scientific Lectures, A New Physiognomical Chart, Health\\nand Character, etc., is all and more than its name implies. The book\\ncontains some 600 pages, is neatly printed and illustrated, and apart\\nfrom its scientific and literary character, is a valuable historical record of\\nthe lives of celebrated men and events. It tells the reader how to inter-\\npret the signs stamped by Nature upon the faces and forms of her chil-\\ndren, and thus possess herself of all their mental and moral traits of per-\\nson. Also the physiognomical significance of the walk, the laugh, etc.\\nSo pleasingly and lucidly are the cardinal principles of the science of na-\\nture illustrated and explained, that the student is very soon able to judge\\nwho of his friends have the musical ear, the eye for love, the eloquent\\nlips, the peaceful eyebrows, the intellectual chin, and to determine who\\nis to be trusted and who is to be suspected. The knowledge of a science\\nsuch as physiognomy, which deals directly with nature and human na-\\nture, is sure to prove of incalculable benefit to him who has mastered it\\nin any or all the walks of life. It bears also as equally an important re-\\nlation to the body as it does to the mind, and prescribes the best- known\\nnatural rules for the preservation of the mental powers and the physical\\nhealth. The best evidence, perhaps, of the intrinsic worth of Nature s\\nRevelations of Character is the large sale it has met with and the un-\\nqualified indorsement given it by the critics and scientists of Europe and\\nAmerica. The deservedly high reputation of its author, Dr. J. Simms,\\nwho is well and favorably known all the world over as a scientific lecturer\\nand writer, has also added to the popularity of the book. Everyone\\nshould secure a copy, for knowledge is power, and ours is an age of\\nprogression.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (The Salt Lake Tribune, Utah, Sept. 29, 1880.)\\nThis is without exception the most unique, original, and entertaining\\nbook of its class ever issued from the press. In it every character may find\\nhis prototype, mentally, morally, and physically. Dr. Simms has made\\nphysiognomy a life-long study, and has reduced it to a definite, easily under-\\nstood science. At rare intervals in human history have arisen men of genius\\nwho have enlightened their species by their discoveries as Eratosthenes in\\nGeography Copernicus in Astronomy John Ray in Zoology and Botany\\nSir Isaac Newton in Natural Philosophy Haller in Physiology Blumen-\\nbach in Anthropology and in 1874 Dr. Joseph Simms raised Physiognomy\\nto the rank of a science when he published his system, original and practi-\\ncal, embracing the entire man, proving that every feature, motion, and atti-\\ntude proclaim the affections, disposition, cast of talents, and understanding.\\nDr. Simms has devoted his whole life to this study and, by travel in almost\\nevery country in the world, has extended his observations so as to embrace\\nevery possible phase of his universally attractive science. He has most suc-\\ncessfully elicited and unfolded intrinsic truth with precision, exactitude,\\nand chasteness, truly wonderful to those seeking incontrovertible insight\\ninto the minds of others as well as a knowledge of their own. Nothing can\\nsurpass the perspicuity of this work and the intense interest it arouses in the\\nthoughtful student of human nature. Every form and feature of the face\\nis portrayed in the most matter of fact and philosophic manner in this\\nwonderful work. No living human being should be without this unrivalled\\nguide to the morals, predispositions, and intellectualities of mankind.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n(Health Monthly, New York.)\\n12", "height": "4040", "width": "2329", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0652.jp2"}, "653": {"fulltext": "OMBONO,\\nCongenital Idiot, Lecher,\\nMurderer.\\nDR. SAMUEL JOHNSON,\\nReasoner, Moralist, Philanthropist,\\nIntellectual Giant.\\nThe above portraits respectively represent Dr. Samuel Johnson, the distinguished\\nphilosopher and lexicographer, and Onibono, a congenital idiot, who committed rape and then\\nmurdered his victim in Australia, was tried, convicted and sentenced to death, but whose\\nsentence was afterward commuted to imprisonment for life, in consideration of his natural\\nmental deficiency. They are submitted herewith to show the remarkable contrast which existed\\nin certain features, especially in the foreheads of the two men who were diametrically different\\nintellectually and morally.\\nThe Book of the Age is, by UniveTsTTConsenT^WS^Wfffl\\nU P Ul,\\nPHYSIOGNOMY ILLUSTRATED,\\nor Nature s Revelations of Character,\\nWhich embodies the only scientific physiognomy published. It contains 624 octavo pages, 300\\nillustrations, and is now in the tenth edition. It is the only manual of unfailing character\\nreading, constructed on the truest lines of science, yet ready for application in practice by any\\nordinary or non-scientific mind of average intelligence.\\nBy the lines of the face and its various features; by bodily form; by gait, manner of\\nlaughter and mode of salutation, and by many other individual manifestations, easy of identifi-\\ncation on even a cursory observation, the possessor of this book can at once sum up the charac-\\nter of any stranger at the first meeting.\\nIn originality, lucidity of treatment, thorough adhesion to nature, and unwavering strength,\\nit excels all other attempts at character delineation.\\nThis book, published in 1S74, was the first that described the form and peculiarities of musical\\nand unmusical ears. It also describes the capacity for speech and oratory which is manifested\\nin the mouth; the signs of the tendency to destroy; polygamic or monogamic disposition as\\nshown in the eyes; also sociability, reason, proportion, sympathy, courtesy, faith, cleanliness,\\nprescience, practicality, mental and physical order, suggestiveness, rectitude, and altogether\\nupwards of one hundred faculties of the mind, and how they all show in the face.\\nThis work unfolds the discoveries made during more than twenty years observation and\\nexperience by -the author among divers faces and men throughout all climates and races of the\\nworld. _\\nPublishers; the Murray Hill Publishing Company, 129 East Twenty-eighth Street, New\\n.\\\\ork. P ost free to any address within North Ameri ca for. two dollars per copy.\\nFEKsoNAf, professional. ON pUbtfe NflWfiJJSS IWfBHHJWTri lW JJooks,\\nTHE PRIVATE, PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE OF DR. J. SIMMS,\\nEXTENDING OVER A PERIOD OF 43 YEARS, FROM 1854 TO 1896, IN-\\nCLUSIVE.\\nWe, the undersigned, do hereby certify\\nthat we have been acquainted with Joseph\\nSimms for several years, and know him to be\\nof fair, unblemished character, and, as such,\\nwould cheerfully recommend him to the\\npublic. Spooner s Corners, Plainfield, Otsego\\nCounty, New York, October 30, 1854.\\nSigned,\\nCharles Spooner, Postmaster.\\nAlexander Dewey, Supervisor of Plainfield.\\nFrancis B. Smith, Farmer.\\nTo all to whom these presents may come:\\nWe do hereby certify that we are personally\\nacquainted with Joseph Simms, and we take\\npleasure in recommending him as a young\\nman of good moral character. West Win-\\nfield, Herkimer County, New York, August 17,\\n1855.\\nSigned,\\nZenas Eldred, Jr., Farmer.\\nRussell Huntley, Merchant.\\nL. G. Thomas, Merchant.", "height": "4183", "width": "2603", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0653.jp2"}, "654": {"fulltext": "The following-named phrenological profes-\\nsors, five of whom\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Professors O. S. and L.\\nN. Fowler, Cook, Capen and Sizer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 have been\\nemployed in Fowler Wells office, in New\\nYork, and Professor McDonald, a graduate of\\nthe same institution,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 all well known as ex-\\npert readers of character,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 testify as follows\\nto Dr. J. Simms honesty, moral character an 3\\nintellectuality:\\nTo all whom it may concern: This is to\\ncertify that Joseph Simms has taken a\\ncourse of instruction in Phrenology of me,\\nand has made himself familiar with the loca-\\ntion and definition of the organs, and, with\\npractice, bids fair to excel as an examiner.\\nHe has conducted himself with propriety while\\nin my office and class, and I take pleasure in\\nintroducing him as an honest, moral, worthy\\nyoung man, interested in the pursuit of knowl-\\nedge. L. N. Fowler, 308 Broadway, New\\nYork, December 1, 1854.\\nMr. Joseph Simms has taken a thorough\\ncourse of instruction on Phrenology of me,\\nand is qualified to give charts of developments,\\ntogether with advice and instruction as to\\ncourse of life to pursue, business qualifica-\\ntions, etc. He is an intelligent, honest, worthy\\nyoung man, and deserves to be encouraged.\\nL. N. Fowler, 308 Broadway, New York,\\nNovember 8, 1855.\\nPhrenological Delineation of the Character of\\nMr. Joseph Simms:\\nYour head is large (23 inches); your hair\\nis extremely fine, and your temperament is\\nstrong and favorable for independence and\\noriginality of thought, and much of it. Your\\nphrenological developments are of a high\\norder, and tend to make you intellectual,\\nmoral, honest, practical, reasonable, char-\\nitable, agreeable and kind. Your adhesive-\\nness is large, which, united with very large\\nfirmness and conscientiousness, render your\\nattachments the most pure, sincere and last-\\ning. Your intellectual faculties are\\nnearly all large or very large, which, united\\nwith high self-esteem and large moral facul-\\nties and strong propelling powers, enable you\\nto take very accurate and comprehensive\\nviews of subjects, and mark out your own\\nnoble course in life. You are a critical and\\noriginal observer and profound thinker, guided\\nby circumspection and precedence, and these,\\njoined with large benevolence, veneration,\\nhuman nature, causality and comparison, and\\nvery large conscientiousness, together with\\nmoderate or small secretiveness and acquisi-\\ntiveness, cause you to hate trickery, deception\\nand all manner of dishonesty, and give you a\\njust and upright mind and a lofty aim during\\nall times, and a broad charity for your fellow-\\nmen. You are a natural inventor, and origi-\\nnality will characterize all your works; you\\nnever pattern after others. Your natural\\nmodesty you inherit from your mother, as you\\ndo your social and moral nature; but your in-\\ntellectual tendencies are more like your\\nfather s mind. If you fail to lead an in-\\ndustrious, honest, temperate, intellectual,\\ngood life, then there is no truth in phrenology.\\nYou should go to Troy and study civil en-\\ngineering and follow it through life, as you\\nare naturally best adapted to that vocation.\\nProf. O. S. Fowler, Phrenologist, Albany, N.\\nY., October, 1855.\\nHonest, truthful and feels the force of\\nmoral obligations. L. N. Fowler, Phrenolo-\\ngist, London, England, October 16, 1873.\\nYour uncompromising and strict honesty,\\ngreat kindness, morality, respect and vast ob-\\nserving and reasoning powers, with capacity\\nto please, entertain and instruct others, are\\nleading features of your mind, according to\\nphrenology. My intimate personal acquaint-\\nance with Dr. J. Simms for more than twenty\\nyears convinces me that the above extract\\nfrom my phrenological description given of\\nhim by me in 1863 at Ingersoll, Canada, was\\nthen correct, is fully true to-day, and will so\\nremain throughout his natural life. A.\\nHagarty, Practical Phrenologist, London,\\nEngland, 1875.\\nAre honest at heart, with a high degree of\\nnatural rectitude of purpose; are extremely\\nhonest in motive, and grateful to those who\\ndo you a kindness; are not apt to consult ex-\\npediency or knowingly do wrong. A. Hag-\\narty, Phrenologist, London, England, 1875.\\nHonest, faithful, upright at heart, moral\\nin feeling, grateful, penitent, means well, con-\\nsults duty before expediency, loves and means\\nto speak the truth, cannot tolerate wrong.\\nJohn L. Capen, Phrenologist, Philadelphia,\\nPennsylvania, June 8, 1876.\\nSize of head, 23 inches. Strict justice\\nand truthfulness. James Shepherd, Practi-\\ncal Phrenologist, Melbourne, Australia, Octo-\\nber, 1882.\\nYou are disposed to be strictly honest and\\nupright in all your dealings; hate whatever is\\nunjust or contrary to your ideas of right.\\nYou always seek to know what is right, and\\nthen pursue it with singleness of heart.\\nNelson Sizer, Phrenologist, New York, N. Y.,\\nMay 4, 1886.\\nYou are honest, faithful, upright, moral\\nin feeling, penitent, mean w^ll. Prof. J. H.\\nCook, Phrenologist, New York, N. Y., Octo-\\nber, 1886.\\nJoseph Simms, M. D.: You came\\nfrom a good ancestry. Nature has endowed\\nyou with a superior intellect and a healthy\\nbody. You possess originality, and have a\\nresistless inclination for philosophical and\\nmetaphysical investigation would excel as\\nan author, orator, physician, teacher, or\\nnaturalist. Spirituality, veneration, consci-\\nentiousness, friendship, benevolence, human\\nnature, love of children and animals, are\\nstrong and active traits in your character.\\nThese faculties hold the propensities and pas-\\nsions in subjugation to that extent that if\\nthere were no statutes to punish crime you\\nwould be a good citizen through inherent ten-\\ndencies. Conscientiousness is so well devel-\\noped that I infer your parents possessed it in\\na high degree and transmitted it to you.\\nDoubtless your early training led you along\\npaths of rectitude, and there is every indica-\\ntion that you never deviated from them.\\nYou despise dishonesty, trickery and\\ntreachery in every form, and strictly ad-\\nhere to truth and justice in word and deed.\\nYour conscience is an inherent part of\\nyour being, a vigilant and powerful factor,\\nruling and regulating every act of your life.\\nYou have pity for the unfortunate and\\ncharity for all mankind. Are progres-\\nsive and reformatory, and a true philanthro-\\npist. Prof. D. F. McDonald, Phrenologist,\\nBerkeley, California, April 23, 1894.\\nThe above was gratuitously written by Prof.\\nMcDonald, a graduate of the Fowler\\nWells Phrenological Institute, in New York,\\nregarding Dr. Joseph Simms, after an inti-\\nmate personal acquaintance for nearly thirty^\\nyears.\\nAfter all these leading phrenologists, as well\\nas other honest men who were personally ac-\\nquainted with him from childhood, have de-\\nscribed Dr. J. Simms as moral, honest, intelli-\\ngent and worthy from 1854 to 1894 inclusive, it\\nmust be so accepted or phrenology is not true\\nwhen applied in practice by its ablest and\\nmost celebrated advocates.", "height": "4040", "width": "2563", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0654.jp2"}, "655": {"fulltext": "I have had several charts, but the most\\nreliable and thorough delineation of my char-\\nacter was that by Dr. Simms. Governor\\nThomas E. Bramlette, of Kentucky, 1859.\\nMr J. Simms: Allow me to say that you are\\nfar the ablest, most entertaining, purest and\\nbest lecturer on Character I ever met. Your\\ndescriptions of mental qualities from human\\nfaces are correct and astonishing. Gov. John\\nL. Helm, Elizabethtown, Kentucky, 1859.\\nI have been edified and instructed by your\\nlectures, and believe they tend to promote\\nmoral and intellectual development. Rev.\\nRobert W. Landis, Philadelphia, 1859. Rev.\\nMr. Landis was the author of The Doctrine\\nof the Resurrection of the Body Asserted and\\nDefended, published in Philadelphia, Pa.,\\n1846, of 379 pages (12 mo.). He also wrote a\\nbook on The Immortality of the Soul, of 379\\npages (12 mo J, published in New York in\\n1859. He was an exceptionally talented\\nreacher and author.\\nhe following vouchers show that Dr.\\nSimms was regularly admitted as a student to\\nUniversity Medical College and the College of\\nPhysicians and Surgeons of New York; that\\nbe was admitted to practice to New York Hos-\\npital, and his diploma as a graduate of medi-\\ncine was issued in New York in 1871:\\nNew York Hospital, November 9, 1866. We\\nrecommend J. Simms as a proper person to\\nreceive a ticket to follow the practice of the\\nNew York Hospital. W. H. Draper, physician\\nand surgeon in attendance; superintendent of\\nthe New York Hospital.\\nMr. Joseph Simms has paid the full fee.\\nThe professors will please give him their\\ntickets. University Medical College, Febru-\\nary 28, 1867. W. Henry Draper.\\nCollege of Physicians and Surgeons, Corner\\nTwenty-third street and Fourth avenue, New\\nYork, November 18, 1868. I beg to state that\\nMr. Joseph Simms is a student of this college,\\nand is the bearer of checks on the Fourth\\nNational Bank of this city. Willard Parker,\\nProfessor of Surgery.\\nI presented the ambrotype of one of our\\nnoted Boston thieves to Dr. J. Simms, while\\nhe was lecturing in this city, and he read it\\nas correctly as any one could with years ac-\\nquaintance. Mr. C. M. Huggins, 34 Trum-\\nbull st reet, Boston, Mass., April 6, 1871.\\nBrT Simms discovery of the form of musical\\nears was acknowledged in its accuracy of ap-\\nplication by the famous Professor Huxley.\\nYou are quite accurate. You are perfectly\\ncorrect.\\nThe above remarks were made by Prof.\\nThomas Henry Huxley, the celebrated English\\nscientist, in 1875, after Dr. J. Simms had been\\nintroduced to him, and, at his request, had\\ndescribed his musical and other qualities from\\nthe formation of his ears.\\nThe pure moral tone which pervades all\\nyour lectures and writings gives you a just\\nclaim to the esteem of the public. Sue\\nHarry Clagett, Keokuk, Iowa.\\nMiss Clagett is a talented American author-\\ness, and daughter of the late Judge Clagett of\\nKeokuk, Iowa. Her brother has been a mem-\\nber of Congress from the Northwest for\\nseveral years.\\nS We have known Dr. Simms many years,\\ni can agree with Senator Stanford, who\\n___ d: Dr. Simms is the best reader of char-\\n1 ecter I ever saw. Certainly Dr. Simms has\\nbeen the most able and the most successful\\n1 lecturer on human character the world ever\\nproduced. He is the author of several\\noriginal and strong books on physiognomy and\\nhealth. Dr. Simms is monarch in the\\nphysiognomical kingdom, from his keen power\\nof observation and philosophic methods of\\noriginal thinking. There are few abler writ-\\ners in America than Dr. Simms who are en-\\ngaged in scientific pursuits. The Ele-\\nvator, San Francisco, California, February\\n18, 1893.\\nDuring the winter of 1869 and 1870 I first\\nmet Dr. Joseph Simms while he was lecturing\\nin San Jose, California. At the request of\\nfriends I walked across the platform in order\\nto elicit an opinion from Dr. Simms as to my\\ncharacter and ability as exhibited by my\\nwalk. He observed me closely and immedi-\\nately exclaimed: There is a natural-born\\nlawyer. Young woman, you should take up\\nthe study of law at once. You have a great\\nfuture before you. You will succeed, because\\nnature fitted you admirably for the profes-\\nsion of the law. At first I was shocked at\\nthe statement of the learned man. I had no\\nknowledge of the possession of the mental\\npower, nor of the physical endurance, neces-\\nsary to insure success in a profession wherein\\nwomen had as yet taken no rank. But, en-\\ncouraged by the eloquent words of Dr. Simms,\\nI took up the study of law, and, though still\\na young girl, I soon realized my mental ten-\\ndencies to solve abstruse questions. My suc-\\ncess as a lawyer is largely due to the advice\\ngiven me by Dr. Simms, for without it I\\nmight, and doubtless would, have drifted into\\nother and less profitable vocations, or prosed\\nmy life away, as many more capable women\\nhave done. Ever faithfully yours, and\\ngratefully, Clara Shortridge Foltz, San Fran-\\ncisco, California, Mills Building, Nov. 23, 1894.\\nSince the above was written Mrs. Foltz has\\nmoved to the city of New York, where she\\nis an able practicing attorney and counsellor\\nat law.\\nAfter a few years personal acquaintance\\nwith Dr. Simms, and having studied carefully\\nhis large work entitled, Physiognomy Illus-\\ntrated, Professor Cook, a phrenologist, who\\nwas employed many years ago in Fowler\\nWells Phrenological Office, in New York, as\\nan examiner and writer of character, re-\\nmarks: I look upon Dr. Simms as being\\nthe ablest physiognomist. I have\\nverified the truth of most of his facial signs by\\nobservation. Prof. J. H. Cook, Phrenologist,\\nin the Health Monthly, New York, July,\\n1895, page 5.\\nTo all whom it may concern: I have had\\nbusiness relations with Dr. Joseph Simms\\nduring many years, and have always found\\nhim to be exact and honorable in all his\\ndealings. W. M. Hinton, Registrar of Voters,\\nNew City Hall, San Francisco, Cal., October\\n26, 1896.\\nDepartment of the Interior, General Land\\nOffice, Office of U. S. Surveyor General for\\nthe District of California, San Francisco,\\nOctober 27, 1896. Dr. J. Simms, San Francisco,\\nCal.: Dear Sir\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Some years ago I had an\\nexamination of character by O. S. Fowler,\\nand, while the sketch was true in most par-\\nticulars and seemed satisfactory at the time,\\na short time after, when you came to Colusa,\\nyou made many nice distinctions that Fowler\\nfailed to bring out. This was especially so in\\nregard to order, mental and physical. You\\nhad known nothing of me, but described the\\ncharacter as well as one who had known me\\nfor a lifetime. Respectfully, W. S. Green,\\nU. S. Surveyor General for flfllifnrn ia ~_ ^J\\nDr. Simms has made a large r^puta-\\ntion as a physiognomist. He has given us a\\nvery accurate and satisfactory reading of our\\ncharacter; besides he has delineated the char-\\nacter and peculiarities of two of our best-\\nknown and most worthy brethren from their\\nphotographs. Rev. R. P. Wilson, D. D., in\\nPacific Methodist Advocate, San Francisco,\\nCalifornia, October 29, 1896.", "height": "4040", "width": "2563", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0655.jp2"}, "656": {"fulltext": "What the Newspapers Say of this Eminent Physiognomist.\\nAMERICAN PRESS TESTIMONIALS.\\nMaster of his subject. The Republi-\\ncan, Omaha, Nebraska, 1868.\\nInteresting and instructive in the highest\\ndegree. Republican, Chicago, 111., 1876.\\nThe ablest work extant on Physiognomy.\\nThe Evening Star, Washington, D. C,\\n1880.\\nDr. Simms, the greatest living physiog-\\nnomist. The Times, Kansas City, Mis-\\nsouri, 1868\\nAmusing and instructive, together with a\\nhigh moral tone. State Journal, Madison,\\nWisconsin, 1867.\\nA masterly effort and lively throughout.\\nDaily Monitor, Elizabeth, New Jersey,\\nDecember 1, 1875.\\nOne who sincerely seeks the promotion of\\ntruth and all human good. The Standard\\n(religious paper), Chicago, Illinois, 1868.\\nDr. Simms lectures have drawn crowded\\naudiences and afforded much instruction.\\nDaily Advertiser, Boston, Mass., 1871.\\nDr. Simms, the greatest and most correct\\nliving delineator of character. The Call,\\nSan Francisco, California, March 1, 1878.\\nHis large book proves him to be the ablest\\nliving author on physiognomy. The Even-\\ning News, Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 25, 1880.\\nThoroughly instructive. Quick per-\\nception and thorough knowledge of the sci-\\nence. Daily Journal, Newark, New Jer-\\nsey, 1875.\\nDr. J. Simms, one of the most renowned\\nscientists and naturalists of the present cen-\\ntury. Daily News, Hot Springs, Arkan-\\nsas, June 5, 1885.\\nDr. J. Simms is unquestionably the most\\neminent of living physiognomists. The Pa-\\ncific Christian Advocate/ Portland, Oregon,\\nJanuary 29, 1880.\\nHis theory is entirely his own, and is of\\nthe character that makes it instructive as\\nwell as interesting. The Gazette, Kala-\\nmazoo, Michigan, 1865.\\nHas given an impetus to physiognomical\\ninvestigation that cannot fail of lasting good.\\nScientific, practical. Daily Journal,\\nIndianapolis, Indiana, 1867.\\nHis lectures were entertaining and called\\nI full houses each night. He examined one-\\nI half of our citizens while in our town.\\nVJ^Bardstown Gazette, Ky., 1858.\\nInformation of great value, and\\nbeing fortified by high morals, very\\npopular among our best citizens. Daily\\nState Register, Des Moines, Iowa, Oct. 1878.\\nDescribes with clearness, and in a spirit of\\ncareful conscientiousness, the various traits\\nof the mental and moral nature of man.\\nDaily Evening Telegram, Portland, Oregon,\\n1880.\\nDr. J. Simms, distinguished physiognomist,\\nwho to-day has no living equal as\\na practical and scientific physiognomist.\\nPrank Leslie s Illustrated Newspaper, New\\nrk, September 14, 1878.\\nThe great traveler and special scientist,\\nDr. Simms, has written the first book giving\\na complete and reasonable system of Physi-\\nognomy to the world. The Methodist (re-\\njious paper), New York, September 4, 1880.\\nWell skilled in the almost divine art of\\nreading human character. He never once\\ncondescended to use language that would\\ngive offense to any one. Both interest-\\ning and instructive. Democrat, Nicholas-\\nville, Kentucky, 1859.\\nThe Doctor has traveled extensively in\\nalmost every country of the world, has been a\\nelose observer of men and things, and is\\npossessed of unbounded information concern-\\ning the subjects of which he treats. Daily\\nArgus, Akron, Ohio, 1876.\\nThe ablest book we know on Physiognomy\\nis that by Dr. Simms, the greatest living\\nreader of faces. His work is scholarly, logical,\\nincisive and profound, and should be read by\\nevery one, The Evening Telegram, Phila-\\ndelphia, Pa., August 25, 1880.\\nThe most eminent physiognomist is Dr. J.\\nSimms, who is an entertaining speaker,\\nworld-wide traveler, remarkable reader of\\nhuman faces, and the author of the ablest\\nwork extant on physiognomy. The Even-\\ning Star, Washington, D. C, August 24, 1880.\\nThis is a most valuable science to the\\nworld, and Dr. Simms, who has devoted his\\nlife to it, being its ablest exponent, has pro-\\nduced a work of intrinsic, and, we think, of\\nlasting, merit. The Examiner and Chron-\\nicle (religious paper), New York, September\\n2, 1880.\\nDr. J. Simms journeying to Alaska.\\nHe has lectured here many times, and is\\nknown the world over as an unrivaled genius,\\nwith critical accuracy and sterling integrity\\nas a lecturer, delineator of character and au-\\nthor. Morning Oregonian, Portland, Ore-\\ngon, May 12, 1896.\\nDr. J. Simms, the eloquent and amusing\\nlecturer, is drawing an immense audience to\\nhear his lectures at Piatt s Hall. The inter-\\nest continues to increase each evening as the\\ncourse progresses. His examinations of some\\nof our well-known citizens bring forth rounds\\nof applause. The Call, San Francisco,\\nCalifornia, 1869.\\nDr. Simms has delivered many courses of\\nlectures here, and has been known in this\\nplace and throughout the State and all the Pa-\\ncific States for twenty-five years as an honest\\nman of great ability. As a lecturer and de-\\nlineator of human character he stands without\\na peer. Evening News, San Jose, Cali-\\nfornia, April 10, 1894.\\nDr. J. Simms enjoys an exception-\\nally high reputation as an honest and moral\\nman. Has produced a large book on\\nphysiognomy of sterling worth. It is an\\nhonest interpretation of nature, lucid, vigor-\\nous, moral, and tends to purify the affections\\nand expand the intellect. The Baptist (re-\\nligious paper), New York, September 2, 1E80.\\nThe Congregational Church was crowded\\nwith a fine audience that gave undivided at-\\ntention to one of the best and most entertain-\\ning lectures of the season by Dr. Simms.\\nLast night hundreds crowded the spacious\\nchuich, and hundreds more were unable to\\nfind even standing room. Daily Record-\\nUnion, Sacramento, California, Jan. 31, 1879.\\nThe wisest genius in physiognomic science\\nis Dr. Simms. His lectures and books have\\nbeen well received in Great Britain and\\nAmerica. He is an eloquent and attractive\\nspeaker, and, though a rolling stone, has\\nacquired a handsome fortune. His large book\\nproves him to be the ablest living author on\\nphysiognomy. The Evening News, Phila-\\ndelphia, Pennsylvania, August 25, 1880.", "height": "4040", "width": "2599", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0656.jp2"}, "657": {"fulltext": "Dr. J. Simms, who is wejl known as an\\nexceedingly able lecturer and author on physi-\\nognomy, is recreating in Sacramento. After\\nhaving tested 0. S. Fowler and Dr. Simms we\\nmust admit that the latter describes character\\nthe more correctly. Dr. Simms has aban-\\ndoned the lecture field and devotes his entire\\nenergies to literary and scientific work.\\nThe Bee, Sacramento, Cal., April 24, 1894.\\n[e reads individuals by their faces as ordi-\\nnary persons read a book. Neither Zopyrus,\\nAlcibiades, Aristotle, Porta or Lavater equaled\\nthe genius of Dr. J. Simms in deciphering\\nnature s facial print, and in his reasonable,\\nlucid, pleasant and instructive style, hence\\nhis brilliant success everywhere. His large\\nbook is the best book we know on physiog-\\nnomy. Salt Lake Times, Utah, October\\n7, 1S80.\\nDr. J. Simms, the most famous physiog-\\nnomist of the nineteenth century, will de-\\nliver two illustrated lectures on Physiog-\\nnomy, in Colonel Wood s Museum on to-\\nmorrow afternoon, at 2:30 P. M., and evening\\nat 8 P. M. Admission 50 cents. This will be\\nthe great event of the season, and a rare op-\\nportunity to learn how to read the human\\nface. The Inter-Ocean, Chicago, Illinois,\\nMay 27, 1876.\\nDr. J. Simms has been far the ablest and\\nmost successful lecturer and author on human\\ncharacter. His original genius, rich discover-\\nies, untarnished probity and good natured\\ngeniality have won for him vast wealth and\\nuniversal fame while enlightening and up-\\nlifting mankind in both hemispheres of the\\nglobe. He has lectured here many times with\\ngreat success. Post-Intelligencer, Seattle,\\n.Washington, May 30, 1896.\\nn No man, we think, ever stood on a plat-\\nform in Portland who could read character\\nso well as Dr. Simms. Large audiences at-\\ntend his lectures each evening at Lancaster\\nHall. To-night he lectures on Physiog-\\nnomy, and how to read character. Go to the\\nball during the day and obtain a chart and\\nlearn how to make your life most useful to\\nothers, as well as yourself. Daily Eastern\\nArgus, Portland, Maine, 1871.\\nDr. Simms drew another full house,\\nand the audience was well entertained for\\nabout two hours. The Doctor s descriptions\\nof character of the ladies and gentlemen who\\nwent upon the stage in response to his invita-\\ntion were very amusing, and, so far as the\\naudience was capable of judging, remarkably\\ncorrect. Mr. D. A. Stern and ex-Chief Harris\\nwere done to a t. Evening Express,\\nLos Angeles, California, March 1, 1879.\\nDr. Simms, who has been lecturing for a\\nweek past in the city, to crowded houses, on\\nthe subject of Physiognomy, has just closed\\nhis course. He has been requested by a large\\nnumber of medical and business men of the\\ncity to repeat the course, and has signified his\\nintention of doing so at some future time.\\nThe lectures have been well patronized by the\\npublic, and will be sure to be when the Doctor\\nvisits us again. The Times, Chicago,\\nIllinois, January, 1868.\\nThe valuable volume entitled Physiognomy\\nIllustrated, by Dr. J. Simms, has placed phy-\\nsiognomy for the first and only time on a per-\\nmanent scientific basis through his original\\nand correct discoveries sustained by logical\\nreasonings and thoroughly honest intentions,\\nwhich are guided by unrivaled genius, as well\\nas chaste, moral, agreeable and lucid style.\\nIn truthfulness and wisdom it far outstrips\\nall other works on human character. The\\nReview, Ogden, Utah, September 19, 1895.\\nDr. J. Simms, the celebrated physiogno-\\nmist and author, was in Juneau this week.\\nHe is well remembered throughout the\\nEnglish speaking domains as the king of lec-\\nturers on human character. His decided hon-\\nesty, kindness of heart, sound reason, en-\\nchanting fancy, vast observing powers accom-\\npanied with chaste and expressive language\\nhave won for him great success. In correctly\\ndescribing character Dr. Simms is peerless.\\nThe Alaska News, Juneau City, Alaska,\\nJuly 2, 1896.\\nThe Protestant Methodist Church in Attor-\\nney street was filled last evening by a most\\nrespectable audience, drawn thither to listen\\nto a lecture on the Nervous System by Dr.\\nJ. Simms. The doctor was aided in the deliv-\\nery of his discourse by numerous diagrams,\\nshowing the action of the nerves in various\\nportions of the body. He dwelt for some time\\non the composition and conformation of the\\nhuman brain. His lecture was highly\\ninstructive throughout. The Times, New\\nYork, February 18, 1869.\\nPiatt s Hall.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A very large assemblage of\\nladies and gentlemen attended Dr. Simms\\nlecture on the Nervous System last night. It\\nwas certainly both interesting and instructive.\\nThe Doctor will lecture to-night on Physiog-\\nnomy, etc. All those who have not already\\ndone so should by all means attend these lec-\\ntures. They tend to elevate the mind and\\nimprove the understanding. Dr. S. is an edu-\\ncated, scientific man, and knows how to han-\\ndle his subjects. Daily Examiner, San\\nFrancisco, California, 1869.\\nPhysiognomy.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dr. Simms lectured on the\\nabove subject at Recreation Hall last even-\\ning to a fine audience. The Doctor is a very\\nentertaining speaker and understands thor-\\noughly the principles of physiognomy. He\\nreads character thoroughly, and his amusing\\ncomparisons are very enjoyable. Several\\nladies and gentlemen went on the stage by\\ninvitation, and the lecturer correctly read\\ntheir characters, to the infinite amusement of\\nthe audience. Daily Leader, Cheyenne,\\nWyoming Territory, November 8, 1878.\\nScientific Lectures on Physiognomy.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dur-\\ning the past two weeks the citizens of Boston\\nhave had the pleasure of attending a course of\\nDr. Simms lectures on Physiognomy. The\\nsystem is new, and, being presented in an\\nearnest and amusing manner, it takes like\\nhot cakes. The law of life and the true\\nroad of progress which the Doctor s lectures\\npoint out are peculiarly his own. We wish\\nhim all success elsewhere, as he has had in\\nthis city, and wish his speedy return to the\\nHub. Daily Evening Traveler, Boston,\\nMass., 1871.\\nScientific Lectures.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dr. J. Simms of New\\nYork has been lecturing to the medical stu-\\ndents of the Old Medical School in this city.\\nLast evening four hundred students and sev-\\neral professors were present at his lecture,\\nand all speak very complimentary of his ef-\\nforts. The late discoveries in anatomy and\\nphysiology which the Doctor presents are\\ncharmingly well supported by sound logic and\\nstern facts. The Doctor has been invited by\\na large delegation of citizens to extend his lec-\\ntures in this city. Daily Gazette, Nash-\\nville, Tenn., 1859.\\nThe original work entitled, Physiognomy\\nIllustrated, by Dr. J. Simms, contains 624\\noctavo pages and 300 engravings embodying\\na complete system of physiognomy, true toj\\nnature, while it is the result of vast observa-\\ntion, profound reflection, and conscientious!\\nmotives, guided by broad charity. It is far!\\nthe ablest and best work extant on character\\nreading, and is in its tenth edition. The au-\\nthor has delivered many lectures here and is\\nthe most successful genius who has ever\\nwritten or lectured on human character any-\\nwhere. The Denver Republican, ColojJ\\nrado, August 23, 1895.\\nDr. Simms has been lecturing all this week\\nin Brewster Hall, on the exhaustless subject\\nof man. No lecturer has ever visited New", "height": "4207", "width": "2614", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0657.jp2"}, "658": {"fulltext": "Haven who has given so many original ideas\\nas Dr. Sirnms. He wt rks for the good of\\nmankind, and his fearless and independent\\nmanner has won him perfect success in this\\ncity. The attendance each evening (several\\nevenings have been rainy), has been very\\nlarge, and his audience gave the closest at-\\ntention to every word and gesture. Hundreds\\nhave obtained charts and delineations of char-\\nacter. The Doctor will leave with the best\\nwishes of the citizens of New Haven for his\\nsuccess in the great and good work in which\\nhe so nobly labors. Daily Register, New\\nHaven, Conn., 1871.\\nDr. J. Simms, the famous traveler and\\nscientist, has been tarrying in Salt Lake\\nCity during the past three weeks, in the inter-\\nest of- the New York press. About fifteen to\\ntwenty years ago this savant lectured here, on\\nphysiognomy and physiology, many times,\\nwith more marked success than Fowler,\\nMcDonald, O Leary, and a host of other lesser\\nlights. Dr. Simms is highly instructive and\\nentertaining in his public lectures, and as a\\ncharacter reader he has no superior. True\\nfriendship, disinterested honesty, unlimited\\ngratitude, taste, refined by extensive travel-\\ning, respectful manner, chaste language and\\nfar reaching charity, characterize Dr. Simms\\npublic and private life. His large work en-\\ntitled Physiognomy Illustrated, is in our\\npublic libraries, and now selling in its tenth\\nedition, is the best and safest work on that\\nuniversally valuable subject. Deseret\\nEvening News, Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug.\\n3, 1895.\\nPhysiognomy Illustrated is a remarkable\\nbook, treating of the face, eye, nose, mouth,\\nchin, ear, forehead, hands and bodily forms,\\ngait, laughter and salutation, by Dr. J.\\nSimms, the unrivaled physiognomist. It\\neclipses all other works on character-reading\\nby its marked originality, brilliant clearness,\\nhonesty of purpose and staunch strength. It\\ncontains 624 octavo pages, 300 characteristic\\nengravings, is in its tenth edition, and is far\\nthe ablest and best work on this important\\nand interesting subject. Its ethical, philo-\\nsophical, scientific and practical phases out-\\nstrip all competitors. It embodies a complete\\nsystem of mental and physical powers, new\\nin every particular, yet its manner of unrav-\\neling the mysteries of mind is as simple as it\\nis surprising. This subject becomes, by the\\nextraordinary genius and skill of this cele-\\nbrated savant, a science broad, comprehensive\\nand profound. The Occident (religious\\npaper), San Francisco, October 1, 1896.\\nIn 1874 Dr. J. Simms published his large\\n/work entitled Physiognomy Illustrated. This\\nis the most thorough, comprehensive, original\\nI and reliable authority on the subject ever\\nprinted. Its publication raised physiognomy,\\nfor the first time in the history of its literary\\ntreatment, to a science. In doing this Dr.\\nSimms proved himself to be the greatest dis-\\ncoverer in this field of scientific research of\\nany age. Many illiterate corsairs designating\\nthemselves phrenologists have been quick to\\ndiscern the value, of his work. With uncon-\\nscionable avidity these charlatans, ever eager\\nto obtain money through the genius and labor\\nof others, have seized upon Dr. Simms\\nPhysiognomy and publish in their journals\\nand books many of his valuable discoveries\\nas original conceptions. But in doing so they\\ndiscredited and retarded the progress of scien-\\ntific physiognomy, because they filtered these\\ndiscoveries through their own stupidity, dis-\\nhonesty, illiteracy and impossible anatomy.\\nSan Francisco Chronicle, California, Jan-\\nLuarv 21, 1895.\\nDr. J. Simms is decidedly celebrated in\\nNorth America, Great Britain and Australia,\\nas the learned and judicious author of Physi-\\nogonomy Illustrated, the wisest, best, most\\ncomprehensive, concise and conscientiously\\nwritten book, of any scientific value on the\\nimportant subject of human characteristics.\\nDr. Simms copies no other author, yet he is a\\nripe and well-read scholar, with wide and\\ncultured views, and the just and unrivaled\\nstudent of the human race, quite frank and\\nsincere, temperate, upright, an extensive\\ntraveler, and has no superior, nor even an\\nequal, as an instructive and correct lecturer,\\nexaminer, and author on mental, moral and\\nsocial qualities, as well as health. He is\\nwholly original and thoroughly logical and\\ncharitable in his daily life and publications,\\nand the most advanced and reasonable writer\\non mind and its expression in the visage and\\nphysique of mankind. He treats mind as a\\nprogressive power, resting not simply on a\\nchange of basis, but implicating and depend-\\ning upon the entire bodily structure. Physi-\\nognomy Illustrated, with 624 pages and 300\\nillustrations, is published and for sale by The\\nMurray Hill Publishing Company. Price,\\n$2.00, 129 East Twenty-eighth Street, New\\nYork. The Western Journal of Educa-\\ntion, San Francisco, October, 1896.\\nDr. J. Simms is an accomplished scientist\\nwhose genius has discovered a new physiog-\\nnomy and formulated it into a valuable prac-\\ntical science. His works on physiognomy\\nhave a place in all the leading libraries of the\\nworld, and their great value was recognized\\nby Darwin, Huxley, Sir Charles Lyell, Prof.\\nOwen, Dr. Carpenter and other leading Europ-\\nean scientists. This physiognomy does not,\\nlike the mind, rely upon neural or nerve and\\nbrain changes, but upon the entire physical\\nstructure. Sight has been demonstrated by\\nHarvard professors to be several hundred\\ntimes more accurate than the sense of touch.\\nPhysiognomy relies entirely on sight, and is,\\ntherefore, several hundred times more accu-\\nrate in its analysis of human character and\\ndisposition than phrenology, which depends\\nin practice on the sense of touch by the fin-\\ngers exclusively.\\nThe practice of Dr. Simms physiognomy\\nis cleanly and safe, because it is demonstrated\\nentirely through the agency of sight. It is\\nnot liable, therefore, in practice, to spread\\ncontagious and loathsome diseases, such as\\nleprosy, smallpox, itch, etc. Phrenologists\\nmay, however, do this, as their fingers, in-\\nfected by the examination of the dirty and dis-\\neased head of one person, may communicate\\nthe disease to the head of the next person ex-\\namined.\\nDr. Simms excels all other character de-\\nscribers and writers in the matter of observa-\\ntion, reason, veracity, integrity, originality,\\naccuracy, thoroughness, modesty and purity.\\nHe is a Knight Templar and a thirty-second\\ndegree Scottish Rite Mason. Besides, he\\nhas the distinction of being an honorary mem-\\nber of many literary and scientific societies in\\nvarious parts of the world.\\nNo honest person ever questioned Dr.\\nSimms probity or the sincerity of his motives\\nand the candor of his opinions. He has the\\nquiet, and cultivated manners of a high-\\nminded gentleman of thorough scientific edu-\\ncation, extensive travel and reading, remark-\\nable application, and has enjoyed the associa-\\ntion of cultured minds of all parts of the\\nworld for nearly half a century. He has\\ndelivered more than thirty public lectures in\\nthis city with greater success than any other\\nspeaker on human character, and he is un-\\nrivaled in delineating mind and diseases from\\nthe external man, because his own character\\nis one of great sterling worth, and his native\\ngenius will always command an honorable\\ninfluence in cultivated and moral society.\\nThe Illustrated World, San Francisco, Cali-\\nfornia, October 24, 1896.", "height": "4040", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0658.jp2"}, "659": {"fulltext": "BRITISH PRESS NOTICES.\\nThe really scientific treatment of physiog-\\nnomy. Saturday Review, London, Eng-\\nland.\\nf He is the best character reader I ever\\nsaw. Morning Herald, Dunedin, New\\nI Zealand, 1881.\\nDr. Simms is known as a most skilled\\n/practical physiognomist. Pictorial World,\\nLon don, 1874.\\n*He is the most famous, correct and tal-\\nI ented physiognomist in the world. The\\n/Times, London, England.\\nK m He certainly reads character with great\\nfacility. His is no guesswork. Anthropolo-\\ngia, London, England, 1875.\\nThe ablest known reader of diseases and\\ncharacters from the external man. People s\\nTribune, Melbourne, Australia, March 8,1884.\\nA shrewd, skillful judge of human charac-\\nter. Exposition of a new science.\\nMorning Herald, Sydney, Australia, May\\n23, 1882.\\nDr. Simms system of physiognomy; it is\\nthe most remarkable production of modern\\ntimes. The Telegraph, Christchurch,\\nNew Zealand, 1884.\\nThis gentleman s able expositions of physi-\\nognomy are the most scientific and practical\\never given. Bulletin, Melbourne, Austra-\\nlia, October 13, 1883.\\nThese lectures are fraught with fun and\\ninstruction, presented in a didactic and agree-\\nable manner. The World, Melbourne,\\nAustralia, May 8, 1883.\\nDr. Simms is a skilled and practical physi-\\nognomist, and teaches how to read the human\\nface and its indications of character.\\nDaily Telegraph, Melbourne, Australia,\\nJune 9, 1883.\\nScience does find warm acceptance with\\nthe people in Austral a when a man l ke Dr.\\nI Simms knows how to make it popular and\\nI attractive. Herald, Melbourne, Austra-\\nlia, May 26, 1883.\\nDr. Simms has a very pleasing and attract-\\nive style of lecturing. His character\\nleading is simply marvelous. Freeman s\\nJournal (religious paper), Sydney, Australia,\\nSeptember 3 and August 27, 1881.\\nWe have the popularity of Dr. Simms\\nI entertainment to show how philosophical\\nj subjects can be made to draw by being\\nf handled in a popular manner. The Age,\\n\\\\Melbourne, Australia, June 9, 1883.\\nThere are few platform speakers whose\\nsuccess has been so pronounced in almost\\nevery part of the world. The enter-\\ntainment being, as usual, provocative of great\\namusement. Evening News, Sydney,\\nAustralia, December 12, 1883.\\nDr. Simms does not practice any of the\\ncharlatanism usually adopted by phrenolo-\\ngists or mesmerists; his lectures are elegant\\nand amusing, devoid of low jokes or puns, and\\ncan be listened to with interest. The New\\nZealand Herald, Auckland, New Zealand,\\nj\\\\J-arch 17, 1881.\\nThe hall was crowded in every part, and\\nhundreds were unable to gain admittance.\\nDr. Simms has a very telling way of impress-\\ning a truth, with a witticism or a joke, hence\\nan evening passes quickly and pleasantly at\\nhis lecture. The Age, Melbourne, Aus-\\ntralia, October 3, 1882.\\nHis lecture was highly amusing, as well as\\ninstructive. It was didactic in style, and\\nevinced considerable histrionic knowledge.\\nThe course of lectures will be acceptable to all\\nwho wish to have a better understanding of\\nthe mysteries of this practical and valuable\\nscience. The Echo, Sydney, Australia,\\nSeptember 7, 1881.\\nDr. Simms is a favorable exception to some\\nothers who have treated of the science of\\nman. His apparatus enables him to make his\\nillustrations additionally interesting. We\\nhave no reason to doubt that his career in\\nCanada will continue to be, as it has been, a\\nsuccess. Canadian Illustrated News,\\nHamilton, Canada, 1864.\\nThe same paper printed a portrait of Dr.\\nSimms, and gave a biographical sketch of his\\nlife.\\nLast evening Dr. Simms closed his sixth\\nand last series of lectures in Sydney, with the\\nsixty-seventh lecture. The closing discourse\\nwas an able and entertaining one to a crowded\\naudience. The lectures have, throughout,\\nbeen attended by large and interested audi-\\nences. The Daily Morning Herald, Syd-\\nney, Australia, December 15, 1883.\\nDr. J. Simms, of New York, delivered the\\nclosing lecture of a series of nine lectures in\\nthe City Hall, on physiognomy and physi-\\nology on Saturday night last. The lectures\\nhave been very successful. The closing re-\\nmark that the Doctor intended to visit Glas-\\ngow at some future time elicited repeated ap-\\nplause. The Evening Star, Glasgow, Scot-\\nland, June 23, 1873.\\nOn Friday evening, Dr. J. Simms, the most\\nable and profound living physiognomist, de-\\nlivered his fifty-second and closing lecture of\\na very successful series in London, on physi-\\nognomy and physiology, to an audience that\\noccupied every portion of the large gallery\\nand the body of the spacious room in South\\nPlace Chapel. Daybreak, London, Eng-\\nland, March 26, 1875.\\nDr. Simms, the eminent physiognomist,\\nhas hit the popular taste with his entertaining\\nand instructive lectures at the Athenaeum.\\nHe not only tells his visitors simply by the\\nfacial lineaments their past, present and\\nfuture, but describes the diseases from which\\nthey suffer, or will suffer, owing to hereditary\\ntaint, or otherwise. The Bulletin, Mel-\\nbourne, Australia, May 11, 1883.\\nDr. Simms, the author and scientific lec-\\nturer, is attracting immense audiences to hear\\nIvs original discourses on faces and the signs\\nof character. He is the most famous, correct\\nand talented physiognomist in the world. He\\nreadily reads the diseases, weaknesses and\\ncharacteristics of persons who are strangers\\nto him, as though they were open books.\\nThe Times, London, England.\\nWe are convinced that there have been a\\nfew natural physiognomists who could read\\ncharacter correctly from the facial linea-\\nments; Zopyrus, Lavater, and Dr. J. Simms,\\nbelong to this limited and favored class. Dr.\\nSimms has been lecturing more than a quar-\\nter of a century to crowded houses. Even-\\ning Star, Auckland, New Zealand, March 18,\\n1881.\\nDr. Simms lecture drew another good audi-\\nence at the Athenaeum last night. It was\\noriginal and well sustained with facts and\\nreason, while being spiced with humor suffi-\\ncient to render it popular and entertaining.\\nSeveral well-known citizens went on the plat-\\nform at the close of the lecture, and were ac-\\ncurately described. The Evening Post,\\nWellington, New Zealand, April 21, 1881.\\nAt the Athenaeum, last evening, Dr. Simms\\ndelivered his sixty-first and closing lecture in\\nMelbourne, to a large and well-entertained\\naudience. He took the opportunity of thank-\\ning the people and press of Melbourne for", "height": "4040", "width": "2589", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0659.jp2"}, "660": {"fulltext": "ag\\nch\\n1\\ntheir kind treatment of him, and said he re-\\ngretted leaving Australia, for he had become\\nmuch attached to it, and still more to its peo-\\nple. The Argus, Melbourne, Australia,\\nMarch 21, 1884.\\nDr. Simms made his farewell bow to a\\nlarge and respectable audience at the Athe-\\ni nseum last evening, on the occasion of his\\n1 original and very entertaining lecture. It was\\nVhis sixty-first and closing lecture. His lec-\\nftures have, throughout, drawn large and de-\\nf lighted audiences, and he has proved over and\\nf again that he is the unrivaled peer in reading\\ncharacter and diseases from human faces.\\nThe Herald, Melbourne, Australia, March\\n1884.\\nLast night Dr. J. Simms, the well-known,\\nloquent and amusing lecturer of New York,\\ndelivered an address in the Masonic Hall,\\nGeorge street, on physiognomy, or nature,\\nmind and beauty. The hall was crowded to\\nexcess. The main object of the lecture was to\\nshow that a close connection might be traced\\nbetween physiognomy and character. His ad-\\ndress was amusing, and was well received by\\nthe audience. The Scotsman, Edinburgh,\\nScotland, July, 1873.\\nDr. J. Simms gave his sixty-seventh and\\nclosing lecture to a crowded audience of at-\\ntentive ladies, and gentlemen. It was the most\\nscientific, ablest and best lecture ever given\\non those subjects in Sydney. No other lec-\\nturer has been able to draw such large audi-\\nences to scientific pay lectures for so long a\\ntime, with continued interest. He has proved\\nhimself a most masterly practical physiogno-\\nmist. Daily Telegraph, Sydney, Austra-\\nDecember 15, 1883.\\nPhysiognomy.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Last night Dr. Simms, the\\nAmerican physiognomist, delivered the last of\\na course of nine lectures, on the above sub-\\nject, in the Free Masons Hall, George street.\\nDuring his visit to Edinburgh he has been\\nattended by considerable numbers of people\\nwho desired to have the opinion of an expert\\nas to their capabilities and disposition. The\\nlecture last evening was delivered to a\\ncrowded audience. The Daily Review,\\nEdinburgh, Scotland, July 12, 1873.\\nDr. Simms, whose lectures have drawn\\nlarge audiences in Melbourne for sixty-one\\nnights, closed his series with a lecture on\\nPhysiognomy and Physiology, the ablest and\\nmost amusing ever given on those subjects in\\nthis city. In reading mind and diseases from\\nthe face, he has shown himself an adept. The\\nwhole intellectual entertainment provided by\\nDr. Simms has been a remarkable success in\\nthis city and throughout the Australian Col-\\nonies. The World, Melbourne, Australia,\\nMarch 21, 1884.\\nDr. Simms.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This talented lecturer on the\\nScience of Physiology and Physiognomy has,\\nduring the past week, delivered a very satis-\\nfactory course of lectures on these sciences to\\nlarge audiences each evening. The Doctor s\\ndescriptive powers are of the most brilliant\\nkind, and his delineations of character strik-\\ningly marked and accurate. Never in this\\ntown has there been so great an interest\\ntaken in a continued course of lectures as on\\nthis occasion, and has increased as they have\\ndrawn to a close. Woodstock Sentinel,\\nCanada, 1863.\\nPhrenology is almost played out, and\\nphysiognomy takes its place, and Dr.\\nSimms steps to the front. I went to\\nhear the Doctor, and was much amused and\\ninstructed. His worship, the Mayor, and\\nMr. R. Hudson, were on the platform under-\\ngoing the Doctor s inspection; and if the plan\\nproposed by Momus\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of placing windows in\\nmen s breasts\u00e2\u0080\u0094 had been carried out in this\\ninstance, a more precise analysis of the gen-\\ntlemen s characters than that given by the\\nDoctor could scarcely have been obtained.\\nPublic Opinion, Dunedin, New Zealand,\\nJune 4, 1881.\\nDr. Simms has devoted many years to this\\ngreat work, into which he has condensed\\nwhole libraries of facts and arguments, linked\\ntogether with the inexorable logic of natural\\nphilosophy. The one great primal law of\\ncause and effect is everywhere reverently\\nrecognized and illustrated. It is simply\\na book of nature, a conscientious effort on\\nthe part of the author to interpret the reve-\\nlations of nature.\\nDr. Simms, in his Revelations, gives us\\nthe key to interpret human faces and expres-\\nsions, so that he who runs may read, and\\nmake no mistakes. The Cosmopolitan,\\nLondon, England, June 24, 1875.\\nThe hall on Monday and last evening\\nwas filled to its utmost capacity, a great num-\\nber being compelled to stand. Dr. Simms*\\nlectures are clear and interesting, and all his\\npositions are well sustained by abundant\\nproof, deduced from the principles of sci-\\nence. With a correct knowledge of his sub-\\nject, he combines a pleasing faculty of im-\\nparting that knowledge to others, and throws\\naround physiognomy a dignity that ignorant\\nempirics have done much to detract from. His\\ndelineations of character convince the most\\nskeptical that physiognomy may be utilized,\\nand is not an idle study. His public examina-\\ntions were loudly applauded and acknowl-\\nedged correct. Inquirer, Ingersoll, Can-,\\nada, May 3, 1865.\\nDr. J. Simms, the celebrated traveler and\\nauthor, visited Victoria on Saturday. He is\\nthe ablest, and therefore the most successful,\\nlecturer on human character who ever dis-\\ncoursed in the cities of America, Europe and\\nAustralia. As a correct delineator of charac-\\nter from the external man, he has no compet-\\nitor. His remarkable perseverance, honest\\nintentions, unparalleled observation and\\noriginality characterize his writings and pub-\\nlic life. During 1870 and 1879 he delivered\\nlong courses of attractive lectures on natural\\nscience and men, in this city, before large\\naudiences. Dr. Simms employed the most\\nextensive and valuable collection of portraits\\nin oil ever exhibited. He is also the author of\\nseveral standard works on physiognomy and\\nhealth, which have had an extensive sale and\\npassed into the tenth edition. Daily\\nTimes, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada,\\nJuly 13, 1896.\\nPhysiognomy.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dr. J. Simms, the learned\\nauthor of Nature s Revelations of Character,\\na work that has excited great inquiry into this\\nmuch neglected science, is now delivering a\\ncourse of lectures on his favorite subject in\\nLondon. We have attended these lectures,\\nand have been much interested. Dr. Simms\\nhas studied the indications of character, as\\nshown in the lineaments of the face, for a life-\\ntime, and has studied them well. He is the\\nmost able and the most popular exponent of\\nphysiognomy among living men. His lectures\\nare instructive, and abound with fine sallies\\nof rich American humour. The interest ex-\\ncited in the subject is very great, for, not-\\nwithstanding the inclemency of the weather,\\nthe lecturer draws full audiences. If our\\nfriends have an hour to spare after seven in\\nthe evenings, they may spend it pleasantly\\nand profitably with this distinguished physi-\\nognomist; and if they wish to know their real\\ncharacter, and the secret of their personal\\npower, Dr. Simms will aid them. The\\nMonetary and Mining Gazette, London, Jan-\\nuary 23, 1875.", "height": "4325", "width": "2484", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0660.jp2"}, "661": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH\\nOF\\nJOSEPH SIMMS M.D.\\nFrom The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography\\nVOLUME VII\\nJames T. White Company Publishers\\nnew i^ork\\n1897", "height": "4078", "width": "2387", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0661.jp2"}, "662": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0662.jp2"}, "663": {"fulltext": "SIMMS, Joseph, physician, physiognomist, and author, was horn\\nat Plainfield Centre, Otsego co., N. Y Sept. 3, 1833, secoud son of\\nEphraim Fitch and Florinda Johnson (Norton) Simms. Ephraim\\nFitch Simms (1803-86), only brother of Jeptha Root Simms, like his\\nfather, was at first engaged in hat manufacturing, but ultimately gave\\nhis attention to farming. He was a man of imposing presence, a great\\nstudent, a profound thinker, possessed of a remarkable memory, and\\nhe made some mark as a practical geologist. In 1824 he removed,\\nwith his parents, from Canterbuiy, Conn., to Plainfield Centre, N. Y.,\\nwhere, in 1830, he was married to Florinda J. Norton (1809-58), by\\nwhom he had two sons and one daughter. Miss Norton was of Eng-\\nlish descent, a woman of superior intellectual endowments, and a\\nteacher in her youth. The son began his education at the district\\nschool of his native town, and later, attended the academy at West\\nWinfield, N. Y. After leaving school he became himself a highly\\nsuccessful teacher, his field of labor embracing parts of four states in\\nthe Union. But the great tendency of his mind lay more in the direc-\\ntion of scientific investigation. From early childhood he had been\\nunconsciously drawn to the practice of noting\\nfacial and corporeal peculiarities, systemati-\\ncally comparing them with known mental\\ncharacteristics, and educing certain assured\\nrules and formulae, thus making many phy-\\nsiognomical discoveries, which have been\\nconfirmed by his later world-wide experi-\\nences and continued habit of accurate obser-\\nvation. He was likewise strongly attracted\\nto mathematics and the natural sciences, and\\neven his school compositions showed promise\\nof great ability, and elicited wide attention.\\nIn 1854 he essayed public lecturing on phy-\\nsiology and physiognomy, but quickly recog-\\nnizing the necessity of a thorough training in\\nanatomy and the cognate sciences, he began a\\ncourse of systematic study under Dr. John W.\\nDraper (q, v.), of New York, subsequently\\n(1866-67) attending the medical department of\\nthe University of New York. He then became\\nthe pupil of the celebrated surgeon, Dr. Willard Parker, and in 1868-\\n69 he further pursued his studies at the College of Physicians and\\nSurgeons, New York. He was graduated M.D., in 1871, at the Eclectic\\nMedical College of New York. During three winters he had worked\\nas a practical operator in the dissecting-rooms of the medical colleges\\nof New York, thereby perfecting his knowledge of the human struc-\\nture, and for some time subsequent to graduation, he practiced surgeiy\\nwitli great skill and success. Within a comparatively brief period,\\nhowever, he resolved to devote himself exclusively to the investigation\\nand advancement of physiognomical science, to which, during many\\nyears, his discoveries and tabulated knowledge had been steadily con-\\ntributing. He engaged systematically in lecturing tours in the large\\ncities of the United States and Canada, and quickly became pre-\\neminent. His advanced and typical methods of thought, ingrained\\nwith evident integrity of purpose, soon made him a man of mark as a\\nscientist and lecturer. So indefatigable were his efforts and devotion,", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0663.jp2"}, "664": {"fulltext": "that he often held himself at work from fifteen to eighteen hours daily,\\nwhile his original and comprehensive mind, fine faculty for humor,\\nlucid illustration, and enchanting command of language, drew audi-\\nences which increased nightly wherever he gave a series of* lectures.\\nHis matchless perception of mental qualities and corporeal diseases,\\nthrough rapidly viewing the faces of strangers, was a principal cause\\nof his remarkable prosperity. In 1872 he visited England, and was\\nheartily welcomed by Sir Charles Lyell, Charles Darwin, Prof. Hux-\\nley, Richard Owen, Herbert Spencer, Dr. Carpenter the physiologist,\\nand other illustrious intellectual lights. He lectured in London, Edin-\\nburgh, Glasgow, and other leading British towns, with unvarying\\nsuccess. In London alone he lectured on fifty-two different occasions,\\nseveral of them before scientific societies. In 1875 he returned to New\\nYork, and continued lecturing in the principal American cities for six\\nyears. During 1881-84 he traversed Australasia, lecturing in most of\\nthe chief corporate towns. He delivered sixty seven lectures on\\nphysiognomy, and kindred topics, in Sidney, and sixty-one in Mel-\\nbourne, in both places drawing immense audiences. On his return to\\nthe United States, in 1884, he finally retired from the lecture- field after\\nthirty years of distinguished labor, during which he had twice traveled\\nover Europe, visited Africa and Asia, each on five different occasions,\\nand made the complete circle of the globe, culling physiological and\\nphysiognomical data in all climates and from every race. In addition\\nto the satisfaction of having contributed signally to the permanent\\nprogress of the human race, he had laid by a comfortable fortune, of\\nwhich he has given liberally to the unfortunate and toward worthy\\nobjects of charity. Dr. Sim ins has written considerably on his favorite\\nstudies. His first work was A Physiological and Physiognomical\\nChart of Character (Glasgow, 1873) and was followed by his Na-\\nture s Revelations of Character (London, 1874) which proved an\\nepoch-making book in the history of physiognomy, endowing it for\\nthe first time with clearly-sketched formulae, while creating a system\\nof entirely original research, fortified by proved facts and established\\nprinciples. It was favorably received by the press, and is now (1896)\\nin its tenth edition. His other published works are, Scientific Lec-\\ntures on Education, Physiognomy and Natural History (London,\\n1875); Health and Character (San Francisco. 1879) Practical and\\nScientific Physiognomy (1884) and Past, Present and Future of\\nWoman (San Francisco, 1889). In addition, he has contributed\\nlargely to the popular and scientific press on the suggestions of foreign\\ntravel, the betterment of mankind, and the latest achievements of\\nscience. He is now engaged upon some advanced discoveries in\\nphysiology, physiognomy and morphology, with a view to publication.\\nDr. Simms is an active member of various literary and scientific\\nsocieties, and has been for many years, a Free Mason of advanced\\nstanding, a Knight Templar, and of the thirty-second degree of the\\nScottish Rite. Physically, he is a man of mark, being six feet high,\\nof splendid proportions, and fittingly endowed by nature for the\\narduous physical and intellectual labors of his well-spent life. Natural\\nand kindly in his demeanor, he is essentially a companionable man, in\\nevery action exhibiting the genius and sympathy necessary for the for-\\nmulation of a science, which, through his unwearied labors, has been\\nso created and developed as to be worthy of a place among the greatest\\nachievements of human ingenuity.", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0664.jp2"}, "665": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0665.jp2"}, "666": {"fulltext": "EXTRACTS FROM TUB AMERICAN PRESS.\\nHis lecture was highly instructive throughout.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Times, New York.\\nDr. J. Simms, the ablest practical Physiognomist.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Times, Chicago.\\nAll speak very complimentary of his efforts.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Gazette, Nashville.\\nDr, Simms is a profound and skillful Physiognomist.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tribune, Chieago.\\nThe lecture was instructive and highly interesting.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Union, Sacramento.\\nThe Doctor is a profound thinker, and eloquent reasoner.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A dvertiser, Stock-\\nton, Cal.\\nIn reading character by the face Dr. Simms is unrivalled.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Journal*\\nNewark, N, J.\\nDr. J. Simms, the most famous Physiognomist of the nineteenth century,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nInter-Ocean* Chicago.\\nMechanics 1 Institute was crowded to suffocation.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Journal cf Commerce,\\nKansas City, Mo.\\nHis lectures are lively and good, and he describes character admirably.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily\\nArgus, San Jose, Cal.\\nHas a happy way of imparting hiB wonderful knowledge to his audiences.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nDaily Mercury. Jan Jose, Cal.\\nDr. S. is an educated, scientific man, and knows how to handle his subjects.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nDaily Examiner, San Francisco.\\nEvery seat in die hall was filled, and to us it was the most instructor* and\\namusing lecture yet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Argus, Akron, O.\\nLargs Audiences. The lectures of Dr. Simms are admirable and pleasing.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Illinois State Journal, Springfieldj 111.\\nA high moral tone serves to make his lectures popular among our best citizens.\\nWisconsin State Journal, Madison, Wis.\\nThe Doctor having been a poular lecturer for several years, is eminently quali-\\nfied to make a lecture entertaining.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sun, N*w York.\\nHe works for the good of mankind, and his fearless and independent manner\\nhas won him a perfect success in this city.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Register, New Haven, Conn.\\nWe bespeak foi these lectures, in whatever community delivered crowded as\\nthey are sure to be\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and delighted audiences.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Journal, Indianapolis, Ind.\\nThe lectures are largely illustrated with paintings, and being interspersed with\\nwit and humor make them very attractive.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Waverly Magazine, Boston.\\nDr. Simms has been lecturing to large audiencesin this city. HU lectures\\nare scientific. They have awakened great intere\u00c2\u00bbt.Wifar/fr Weekly, W.Y.\\nEXTRACTS FROM PRESS NOTICES IN GREAT BRITAIN.\\nDr. Simms is known as a most skilled practical physiognomist. Pictorial\\nWorld, London.\\nThe room was crowded, and numbers were unable to gain admission. Th$\\nLeeds Express.\\nDr. Simms lectured on physiognomy, and highly interested his auditors.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The\\nSunderland Times.\\nDr. Simms is exactly the gentleman to popularize a very useful science.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The\\nCity Observer, London.\\nThe lecturer treated his subjects in an able and interesting manner.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The New-\\ncastle Daily Journal.\\nDr. Simms lectures at Westbourne Grove Hall are a decided success.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 West\\nLondon Times, London, 1873.\\nWill amuse, instruct, and enlighten the mind, and purify the affections.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The\\nRock (a religious paper), London.\\nIn describing character from the form and face, Dr. Simms stands unequalled\\nin the world. The Free West, London.\\nDr. Simms lectures are full of curious facts and observations, and are copiously\\nillustrated. The City Press, London.\\nHis design has nothing absurd in itself. The gift of reading character is of\\ngreat use.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Saturday Review, London.\\nA better acquaintance with physiognomy ought to be the first consideration of\\nthis age. The Cosmopolitan, London.\\nHe presents a new and complete analysis and classification of the powers of the\\nhuman mind. Public Opinion, London.\\nDr. Simms has pushed to a logical conclusion the doctrine that a man s charac-\\nter is seen in his face. The Metropolitan, London.\\nHe is the most able and the most popular {exponent of physiognomy among\\nliving men. The Mottetary and Mining Gazette, London.\\nIt can not be denied that the subjeet is of importance, evidence of shrewd ob-\\nservation on the part of the author. The Lancet, London.\\nThe author is a true physiognomist, and is known as one of the most interesting\\npopular lecturers we have. Human Nature, London.\\nLarge and intelligent audiences have attended the lectures, which have been\\nhighly successful. The North British Daily Mail, of Glasgow.\\nDr. Simms has been delivering a course of interesting lectures in the city, on\\nHuman Character. The lectures were highly instructive. The Baptist, (a\\nreligious paper), London.\\nDr. J. Simms, the eminent physiognomist, is delivering a course of very inter-\\nesting lectures on physiognomy and physiology. The National Food and Fuel\\nReformer London.\\nDr. Simms, an exceedingly clever physiognomist, delivered a series of the most\\ninstructive and amusing lectures to which it has ever been our pleasure to listen.\\nIxion, London.\\nLast night Dr. Simms delivered the last of a course of nine lectures in the Free\\nMason s Hall, George Street. The lecture was delivered to a crowded audience.\\nThe Daily Review, of Edinburgh.\\nAn Intellectual Treat Dr. J. Simms, the author and physiognomist, is well\\nknown as an expert handler of the matters upon which he touches, and as they\\nconcern all classes of the community, this opportunity should not be lost,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The\\nLeicester Evening News.", "height": "4033", "width": "1937", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0666.jp2"}, "667": {"fulltext": "PHYSIOGNOMY\\nPHYSIOGNOnY ILLUSTRATED\\nThis work, admitted all orei the world to be the most comprehensive and most valuable scheme of physiog-\\nnomy ever penned, is now presented in its tenth edition, after careful revisal, amendment and enlargement.\\nIn its latest form it extends to 624 octavo pages, containing many hundred of character signs, which are made\\nplain to the most ordinary reader, and further illustrated by upwards of 300 appropriate engravings. The\\nsj -tern is the author s own entirely; the originality of it is no less striking than its lucidity and the convincing\\ncharacter of the causes and deductions laid down. Logically, anatomically and graphically, it is here shoAvn\\nthat varying types of faces, heads, eyes, noses, ears, hands, necks, etc., are simply so many distinctive repre-\\nsentatives of traits and dispositions, readily identified, and infallible when tested according to the plain rules,\\ngiven. Till now there has never been any thoroughly scientific exposition of physiognomy; Dr. J. Simms\\nlias supplied the want, and his world-renowned reputation, as the foremost expositor of all ages, has been tri-\\numphantly, if arduously, earned. His achievement is so far in advance that it has no second. The original\\nw ork, much less elaborate than now, was sold at five dollars a copy; the selling mark of the new and perfected\\nedition has been pitched low enough to be within the means of almost everybody. A remittance of two dollars\\nto the Murray Hill Publishing .Company,. $2f\u00c2\u00bb East 28th Si\\\\, New York, will procure a copy, delivered free\\n:my where within North America.\\nPRESS TESTIflONIALS.\\nIs eminently qualified.\\ndecided success The\\nVery attractive. The Waverly Magazine, Boston.\\nHighly instructive throughout.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Times, N. Y.\\n-The Sun, New York.\\nTimes., London, England.\\nInstructive and highly interesting. Daily Union,\\nSacramento, Cal.\\nHe works for the good of mankind\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Register,\\nNew Haven. Conn.\\nHighly instructive.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Baptist (religious paper),\\nLondon, Eng.\\nscientific. Awakened great interest. Harper s\\nWeekly, New York.\\nDr. J. Simms, the ablest practical physiognomist.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe Times, Chicago.\\nDr. Simms is a profound and skillful Physiognomist.\\nThe Tribune, Chicago.\\nJ Dr. J. Simms, the renowned Physiognomist. Evening\\nBulletin, San Francisco.\\nHandles the subject he treats of in a masterly\\nmanner.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Chronicle, Ingersoll, Canada.\\nThe system is new and it takes like hot cakes.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nDaily Evening Traveler, Boston.\\nThe wisest genius in Physiognomic science is Dr.\\nSimms.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Evening iVews.Philadelphia, Pa.\\nDr. J. Simms, the most famous Physiognomist of the\\nnineteenth century. Inter-Ocean, Chicago.\\nFull of curious facts and observations, and copiously\\nillustrated. The City Press, London, Eng.\\nI Will go farther to establish the truth of physiognomy\\nthan anything else.- The Scotsman, Edinburgh, Scotland.\\nThere is inthe book unquestionably much of origi-\\nnal and curious observation. Edinburgh Courant,\\nScotland.\\nDr. Simms bears the rtsmtation of being the ablest\\nliving reader of the human face.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Herald, Los\\nAngeles, Cal.\\nWill amuse, instruct and enlighten the mind, and\\npurify the affections.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Rock (religious paper),\\nLondon, Eng.\\nThe author is a true Physiognomist, and is known\\nas one of the most interesting. Human Nature, Lon-\\ndon, Eng.\\nDr. J. Simms, is an educated scientific man, and\\nknows how to handle his subjects.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Daily Examiner,\\nSan Francisco.\\nHe presents a new and complete analysis and classi-\\nfication of the powers of the human mind Public\\nOpinion, London, Eng.\\nHe is the most able and the most popular exponent of\\nphysiognomy among living men. Monetary and Mining\\nGazette, London, jiai^.\\nHis analysis of character is thorough, acute and the\\nwork of a master in the line of thought it develops.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe Herald, Hobart, Tasmania.\\nDr. J. Simms is undoubtedly the most eminent living\\nPhysiognomist, very learned, ingenious and humorous.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Observer, Auckland, New Zealand.\\nDr. J. Simms, the best and most learned Physiog-\\nnomist in the world. Such men are ever useful.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nPomeroy s Advance Thought, N. Y., May, 1891.\\nDr. Joseph Simms, the renowned Physiognomist\\nand author. The best living exponent.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nHall s Journal of Health, New York, October, 1891.\\nIt cannot be denied that the subject is of importance.\\nThe work contains evidence of shrewd observation on\\nthe part of the author. The Lancet, London, Eng.\\nDr. Simms is known as a most skilled practical\\nPhysiognomist, and the experience of sucn a man\\nunfolded in the book will be appreciated. Pictorial\\nWorld, London, Eng.\\nNot only is the basis from which the writer starts\\nthe true o ne; he deals wisely with his subject. The\\nbook is a thoroughly good one. The Evening News,\\nEdinburgh, Scotland.\\nDr. Joseph Simms raised physiognomy to the rank\\nof a science when he published his system, original\\nand practical, embracing the entire man.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dr. Foote s\\nHealth Monthly, New York.\\nTo all those who wish to study and understand the\\nhuman nature which passes before them daily, we\\ncan, with all confidence, recommend Dr. Simms\\nvolume.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 North British Daily Mail, Glasgow, Scotland.\\nDr. Simms is a keen observer and an original\\nthinker, and in private life he is esteemed for his\\ngenial and gentfemanly manners, and his high moral\\ncharacter. Frank Leslie s Illustrated Newspaper, New\\nYork, September 14, 1878.\\nIt is a subject on which society needs much teaching,\\nand none is better able to impart that teaching than\\nDr. Simms, or to convey it in a manner more agreeable\\nand attractive. Northern and Eastern Examiner, London,\\nEngland.\\nThe ablest book we know on physiognomy is that by\\nDr. Simms, the greatest living reader of human faces.\\nHis work is scholarly, logical, incisive and profound,\\nand should be read by everyone.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Evening TelegraTn,\\nPhiladelphia, Pa.", "height": "4153", "width": "2694", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0667.jp2"}, "668": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0668.jp2"}, "669": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0669.jp2"}, "670": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0670.jp2"}, "671": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0671.jp2"}, "672": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0672.jp2"}, "673": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0673.jp2"}, "674": {"fulltext": "Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process.\\nNeutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide\\nTreatment Date: Nov. 2004\\nPreservationTechnologies\\nA WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION\\n1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive\\nCranberry Township, PA 16066\\n(724)779-2111", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0674.jp2"}, "675": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0675.jp2"}, "676": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n013 500 335 9\\nwiw\\nft\\nilil ll P", "height": "3913", "width": "2417", "jp2-path": "physiognomyill00simm_0676.jp2"}}