{"1": {"fulltext": "XfCO\\nCHmsTOBAi Hidalgo", "height": "3058", "width": "1961", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.\\nChap.E/S.af Copyright No...\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA.", "height": "3058", "width": "1961", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3058", "width": "1961", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3058", "width": "1961", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "E Wy^4 M (e XjT/fc O\\nV 3M,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0096\u00a0lorfoafl T \u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00abfai) MtoVJJl\\na\u00c2\u00bb; 5 ChillcotO I\\nv^\\n^atk!^ VI.- ^I\\nS.OregA\\nSolcdad 1\\nr^\\njEnraroiida A I ^ta-Rosa de Miuquli j\\nLCttbonillo^\\nn V,\\\\ .J /T\\nr\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb **53\u00c2\u00ab/^J|^^W^\\n\u00c2\u00a3S N\\nrosssS\\nVG .oi\\nN^\\nN^\\nMEXICO.\\nSUPPLEMENTARY TO THE\\nNEW GUIDE TO MEXICO,\\nPUBUSHED BY\\nTHE WHITAKER RAY COIVIPANY,\\nSan Francisco,\\nSCALE OF STATUTE MILES.\\nJ, ,_ M t^c\\\\ L i, .,.JV_ oCiin,. J^^s^TV ,3--v^ ^?Vl\\na u\\\\L^\\nM E\\nX I\\nC o\\nCapitol of CouQlry: Caiiituls of States:\\nL\\nI", "height": "2581", "width": "3521", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3058", "width": "1961", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3058", "width": "1961", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO\\nCHRISTOBAL HIDALGO.\\nNot in the interest of Railway nor Land Company nor\\nprivate party.\\nThe only Guide that gives correct and reliable in-\\nformation about all sections of Mexico, and\\nhow to go there and secure desirable\\nhomes or good situations.\\nsave Americans who visit Mexico for business or\\npleasure much money, valuable time and\\npettv annovance.\\nPublished for the Author\\nBV\\nTHE WHITAKER RAY COMPANY\\n[incorporated]\\nSan Francisco, Cal.\\nI Q o o", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVED,\\nLibrary of Gotsgr S9i\\nOf\u00c2\u00abce of the\\nKeglster ef Copyrights\\n56908\\nCopyright, 1900y\\nby\\nThe Whitaker i- Bay Company.\\nSECOND COPY*", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS\\nPolitical Organization 17\\nArea 18\\nPopulation 18\\nProperty 18\\nTaxation 20\\nIndustries 20\\nEailways 21\\nTelegraphs 21\\nPostal Service 21\\nThe Metric System 22\\nEducation 22\\nClimate 23\\nEesources of Agriculture 2-1\\nCorn 26^\\n-Wheat 26-\\nBarley 28^\\nOats 28\\nRice 28\\nVegetables 29\\nTobacco 29\\nSugar 30\\nCotton 31\\nFruits 32\\nOranges 32\\nLemons and Limes 34\\nBananas 31\\nPineapples 37\\nCocoanuts 38\\nOther Fruits 3a\\nCoffee 38\\nVanilla 39\\nChocolate 40\\nEubber 4a\\n(5)", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "6 CONTi^:NTS.\\nAVoods 42\\nFibres 42\\nCattle Industry 42\\nHog Breeding 44\\nThe Dairy 45\\nPoultry and Eggs 45\\nFish 46\\nCoast Advantages 46\\nFarm Stock 47\\nClearing Land 47\\nFurniture 47\\nCommon Labor r 50\\nStenography 50\\nBookkeepers 52\\nMinor Positions 53\\nHow to Get Positions 54\\nBusiness Enterprises bb\\nManufacturing Industries 60\\nImportant Cities (i i\\nChihuahua 62\\nSanta Rosalia 63\\nJimenez 63\\nEscalon 63\\nLerdo 64\\nZacatecas 64\\nAguas Calientes 65\\nSan Luis Potosi ^6\\nTampico\\nLagos\\nLeon ^y\\nSilao \u00c2\u00ab*J\\nGuanajuato\\nIrapuato\\nGuadalajara", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. 7\\nSalamanca 72\\nCelaya 73\\nQiieretaro 73\\nTula 73\\nPacbuca 74\\nCity of Mexico 76\\nMexican National Railway 76\\nMonterey 77\\nToluca 77\\nInternational Railway 77\\nThe Monterey Mexican Gulf Railway. 78\\nThe Mexican, C^iernavaca Pacific Railway. 78\\nThe Hidalgo Northeastern Railway 79\\nThe Mexican Southern Railway 79\\nThe National Isthmus of Tehuantepec Rail-\\nway 79\\nMexican Railway 80\\nYera Cruz 80\\n(^ordoba 82\\nOrizaba 82\\nMai Trata 84\\nApazaco 84\\nPuebla 84\\nInteroceanic Railway 84\\nJalapa 84\\nAlverado Railway 85\\nProntera 86\\nHow to go 87\\nSilver 90\\nChristmas in Mexico 96\\nThe Bull Fight 102\\nThe Theatre 100\\nThe Shrine of Guadalupe 108\\nAncient Wonders 11", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "LIST OF ILLUSTEATIO^S\\nPyramid of the Moon and Pulque Eaneh\\nSan Juan Teotihuacan 2\\nEanch Life San Nicholas, Vera Cruz 11\\nWashing in San Juan Eiver ID\\nVineyard Parras, Nuevo Leon 27\\nOrange Grove Guadalajara, Jalisco 35\\nEubber Eanch Acayucan, Vera Cruz 43\\nLemon Grove Coatepec, Vera Cruz 51\\nQuinine, Chocolate, Vanilla Trees Tuxpan,\\nVera Cruz 59\\nWar Dance of the Xative Indians 67\\nAlameda, Mexico City 75\\nCoffee Eanch Orizaba Valley 85\\nYear-Old Banana Frontera, Tabasco 99\\nDate Palm Grove Carmen, Tabasco 99\\nPyramid of the Sun San Juan Teotihuacan,\\nMexico 115\\n(8)", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "MEXICO.\\nMEXICO is the only country in the world that\\ncan offer settlers cheap homes in rich sections,\\nwithout frost, with health equal to the average\\nhealth of the United States.\\nThe coffee and fruit belt of the State of Vera\\nCruz is the most desirable for those who wish to\\ntill the soil, for the reason that coffee and all the\\nfruits of the tropics grow to perfection, while\\nmost of the products of colder countries also grow\\nside by side with what cannot be produced in any\\npart of the United States. Parts of the States of\\nTabasco, Oaxaca, and Moreles, adjacent to the\\nState of Vera Cruz, also are desirable, though, with\\nthe exception of Tabasco, more remote from water\\ntransportation than the State of Vera Cruz. The\\nGulf of Mexico is the great cheap-freight route\\nfor the products of Mexico to the United States.\\nPeaches, apples, pears, grapes and wheat do not\\nthrive with coffee, but they Degin to appear in\\nsight of where coffee stops. Tobacco, equal to\\nthat of Cuba, grows with coffee, and corn, not\\nmuch surpassed in Illinois, grows anywhere in the\\ncoffee belt, or on the coast, where the country is\\n(9)", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\ntoo low for coffee. Sugar grows wherever tliere\\nis coffee^ and even better in the low country. Po-\\ntatoes, tomatoes, and other vegetables, common in\\nFlorida, or California, grow anywhere. Bananas\\ngrow wherever there is coffee, and yet better in\\nthe low country, while pineapples grow nicely up\\nto the center of the coffee belt, and to perfection\\nin the low country. No country surpasses all the\\ncoffee belt and the coast for oranges, while the\\npossibilities of lemons are not less than other\\ncountries that are not exempt from frost, while\\ncocoanuts abound on the coast, and mangoes, alli-\\ngator pears, and other delicate fruits of the tropics\\nare on the coast and up to the center of the coffee\\nbelt.\\nLower than one thousand feet above sea level,\\nand more than five thousand feet above sea level,\\nis not suited to coffee growing.\\nA little more than one hundred miles from the\\nport of Vera Cruz, the inhabited country rises\\nmore than eight thousand feet above the sea level,\\nand the uninhabited to more than seventeen thou-\\nsand feet, where eternal snow crowns the moun-\\ntain above twelve thousand feet. Forty miles\\nfrom the snow line is the cream of the coffee belt.\\nThe City of Mexico is nearly eight thousand\\nfeet high; and corn, wheat, barley, peaches, apples,\\ngrapes, pears aiul strawljerries grow in many sec-\\ntions of altitude between six thousand and eight\\nthousand feet. The high country is not exempt\\nfrom frost, though fresh strawberries are in the\\nmarket of tlie City of Mexico every day in the\\nyear.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "p\\np\\no\\n1\\nc", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "13 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nCattle, sheep, goats and hogs ahound in nearly\\nall the high country, though long droughts render\\nthat part of ^lexico unsafe for small farmers from\\nthe United States. It is also the pulque country,\\nwhere the national drink of Mexico grows in the\\njuice of a plant, a very profitable industry, though\\nsome seven years are required to make it produc-\\ntive.\\nThe State of Jalisco, of which Guadalajara, the\\nprettiest Spanish-American city on the continent,,\\nis the capital, is a good liealthy country. But\\nthere is not that diversity of crops that makes the\\nVera Cruz belt the garden spot of the Eepublic,\\nalthough oranges and sugar do well, and other\\nfruits abound low down on the Pacific side, while\\nno part of the country boasts finer cattle. It is\\nnot a coffee country and has no transportation,,\\nexcept all rail, without competition.\\nGuadalajara has more. than one hundred thou-\\nsand inhabitants, and is a manufacturing city of\\nconsiderable promise, with room for enterprise.\\nThe other sections of Mexico are not specially\\npromising to people who want to grow crops or\\nraise cattle, as their products will not bear ship-\\nment to the Ignited States on a large scale, and\\nfarming for home consumption is not a very prof-\\nitable business.\\nTampico has back country that is productive,,\\nbut not exempt from frost.\\nThe mining, manufacturing and commercial\\ncities will be noted in connection with business,\\npositions and skilled labor.\\nThe coast country of Vera Cruz and adjacent", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 13\\nStates is the natural field for rubber production,\\nthat is, practically unlimited, while there is no\\nbetter cattle section anywhere, as pasture never\\nfails. The poultry business has great possibili-\\nties, as Vera Cruz is a good market for fresh\\nchickens and eggs, always at paying prices.\\nThe city of Vera Cruz is the only important\\npoint not usually free from yellow fever, and it\\nhas not been epidemic there in two years. Yel-\\nlow fever never visits the farming districts,\\nthough trade with Vera Cruz is not interrupted\\nwhen there is an epidemic there, for the reason\\nthat the natives of Vera Cruz never have it, and\\nthere is no danger of it going inland, except to\\nCordoba, which has an epidemic about once in ten\\nyears. Vera Cruz would never have an epidemic\\nif always clean, and the disposition to keep her\\nclean is growing. Trains and steamers run in-\\nland every day when there is an epidemic in Vera\\nCruz, the same as when there is no fever there, for\\nthe reason the people in the country know they\\nare safe from contagion.\\nThe other maladies of Mexico are identically\\nthe same as are common everywhere in the United\\nStates, and no more serious.\\nThe question of homes in Mexico, whether for\\nfamilies or single persons, is an interesting and a\\nvery important one, little understood, and not\\nduly appreciated in the United States, for the rea-\\nson that the information within the reach of the\\npublic is mostly incorrect and misleading, being\\nfrom interested land and railroad companies, seek-\\ning to induce settlers and travelers their way.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nThere are land companies that describe their own\\nproperty correctly, and railways that do not mis-\\nrepresent the scenery along their own lines, hnt\\nthat conceal what may be more desirable to Amer-\\nicans elsewhere. This is natural.\\nFor these reasons this effort to give correct and\\nimpartial facts, entirely independent of land\\ndealers and railroad people, is made in the inter-\\nest of those who may wish to visit Mexico, seek-\\ning homes, business or pleasure, so they may avoid\\nthe mistakes, delays and needless expenses to\\nwhich Americans are almost always subjected on\\ntheir first visits to Mexico. For this reason this\\ninformation cannot be given free, as are the adver-\\ntisements of interested land and railroad people.\\nI he small price charged covers actual labor and\\nexpenses.\\nThe first step that should be taken by all who\\ncontemplate a visit to Mexico, no matter for what\\npurpose, is to learn enough of the Spanish lan-\\nguage to get along without an interpreter. This\\nis an easy, and should be a pleasant, task. Get a\\nDe Torno s method of teaching Spanish to an\\nEnglish speaking person. There are other good\\nbooks, but De Torno s is the simplest and best for\\na person who cannot have a teacher. If your\\nbookstore has none the book may be ordered from\\nD. Appleton Co., Xo. 3 Bond Street, New York,\\nthe ])ul)lisliers. Tlie price is two dollars for the\\nbook, with Spanish key to the English exercises.\\nBut in buying or ordering l)e sure to get a l)ook to\\nteach an American S])anisli, not a Spaniard Ku-\\nglish, as this last would not teach you the pronun-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "GUIDE ro MEXICO. 15\\nelation of Spanish. Learn first the sound of the\\nSpanish letters. This is easy, as a letter has hut\\none sound. Then learn the Spanish of the first\\nlesson, which is opposite to the English, so you\\nknow it perfectly. Then proceed from lesson to\\nlesson, the same way, never passing a lesson un\\nlearned. Be careful to learn and remember the\\ntenses of the verbs, and especially the tenses of the\\nirregular verbs that are irregular, and the genders\\nof the nouns.\\nModerate application should make any one of\\nordinary capacity master of the book in three\\nmonths, so every word and feature mil become\\nnatural as breathing. Thus qualified, it will be\\neasy to get along with Spanish-speaking people,\\nand every day of practice with them will make\\none more a]id more proficient. It would keep a\\nhundred good gold dollars in the pocket of any\\ntourist and give him a thousand dollars more\\npleasure and satisfaction than is possible with the\\nbest interpreter, and double the gain of a settler,\\na man of business or a person depending on a\\nsalaried position.\\nSome knowledge of the language is half the\\nbattle and compensates for the want of capital to\\na great extent. It is folly to go there entirely\\nignorant of Spanish to engage in business or seek\\nemployment.\\nThose who wish to become bookkeepers, sales-\\nmen or stenographers should learn the Spanish\\nwith some assistance of a teacher and an Ens^lish\\nand a Spanish dictionary, in order to learn more\\nwords than the text-book contains.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "16 aVIDE TO MEXICO.\\nSpanish may be learned without interfering\\nwith the regular duties of daily life, on the way\\nto and from work, at night and in the early morn-\\ning. Ten new or difficult words may be learned\\ndaily by writing them on a card and keeping them\\nin sight when at work. In one day they will be-\\ncome familar. Thus, in a few months, a full stock\\nof words- will be garnered in. the storehouse of\\nmemory, ready for future use.\\nThe farmer who knows a little Spanish can\\nmake twice the headway with his work and the\\ncountry people as he can if he knows none.\\nThe natives are very kind and gladly help one\\nalong in the use of the language, if one is social\\nand disposed to make the best of his new situa-\\ntion.\\nThe next step, after learning the rudiments of\\nthe language, is to decide what one intends to do\\nand select a held in which to labor, and the most\\ndesirable route to reach it.\\nA man of family should go alone and prepare\\nhis home before he moves his family. This is\\ncheaper, safer and better than having a family in\\na strange land without a home.\\nFarmers might select one among them to go\\nand find a desirable location for a settlement, and\\nthus save much expense.\\nPersons wishing to engagein commerce or man-\\nufacturing should go in person and select a field\\nfor their operations.\\nClerks, bookkeepers and stenographers may se-\\ncure work by advertising in Mexico and by cor-\\nrespondence before going, so as to have work ready", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 17\\non arrival. How to do this will be explained in\\ndue time and place.\\nAs people going to a foreign country will natu-\\nrally wish to know something of its government\\nand institutions, it may be well to dispose of these\\nfeatures at once.\\nPOLITICAL ORGANIZATION.\\nMexico is a Republic of twenty-seven States,\\ntwo Territories and the Federal District, which is\\nthe Capitol and the City of Mexico, the same as\\nthe District of Columbia, and Washington City are\\nthe Capitol of the United States. The Constitu-\\ntion of the country is modelled after that of the\\nUnited States.\\nThe President is elected for four years, and\\nhas a Cabinet very similar to that of the United\\nStates.\\nThe Congress and Senate are elected, a Con-\\ngressman for every 40,000 inhabitants and frac-\\ntion between 20,000 and 40,000, for two years, and\\ntwo Senators for each State and two for the Fed-\\neral District, for four years, all by popular vote.\\nThe Courts are much the same as those of the\\nUnited States, the Judges of which are appointed\\nby the Ministers of Justice and Education.\\nThe States elect their Governors and Legisla-\\ntors and are equally as independent of the Fed-\\neral Government as those of the United States.\\nMexico 2", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "18 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nAREA.\\nThere are 770,000 square miles, with 6,000\\nmiles of coast, 1,700 on the Gulf and 4,300 on the\\nPacific Ocean, while the country is 2,000 miles\\nlong and from 140 to 750 miles wide.\\nThe Gulf ports of entry for foreign commerce\\nare: Vera Cruz, Tampico, Frontera, Progreso,\\nCoatzacoalcos, Campeche, Tuxpan, Carmen, An-\\nton Lizardo and Matamoras; and those on the Pa-\\ncific: Mazatlan, Manzanillo, Guaymas, San Bias,\\nLa Paz, Puerto Augel, Acapulco, Salina Cruz,\\nTonala, Ensenada, and Soconusco or San Benito.\\nPOPULATION.\\nThere are about fourteen million people in\\nMexico, of which some nine and a half million are\\nof the laboring classes, including Lidians, and\\nthere are some three hundred thousand foreign-\\ners, representing nearly all nations, in. the indus-\\ntries of mining, manufacturing, trading and agri-\\nculture.\\nPROPERTY.\\nThe titles and riglijts to property are good a\\nanywhere, and one is protected in same by law as\\nmuch as in the United States.\\nTlie wealth of the country is increasing very\\nrapidly, so that land and houses will be worth very\\nnuuli more a few years hence than they are now^\\nin 1898.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "g^,4 \u00c2\u00ab:j?|\\nX/1\\nP", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nTAXATION.\\nThe State tax on lands and houses vary from .75\\nto 1.50 per year on the $1,000 of assessed value,\\nwhich is always moderate.\\nFederal taxes are in the forms of duty on im-\\nported goods and stamp on all business documents,\\nand amount in all to some fifty million dollars\\nper annum.\\nThere is little likelihood that taxes will ever be\\nhigher and a strong probability they may be lower\\nthan thev are now.\\nINDUSTRIES.\\nThere are some one hundred and fifty cotton\\nand woolen factories, with capital of some twenty-\\nfive million dollars invested, supporting, in the\\nproduction of material, in the field, and by labor\\nin the mills, some sixty-five thousand families.\\nThe annual production of the factories equal the\\namount of capital invested.\\nThere are some dozen paper mills, several glass\\nfactories, quite a number of breweries, some fruit\\npreserving establishments, iron, brass and nail\\nfoundries, cotton seed, castor oil mills and soap\\nfactories, all doing well, with yet more room for\\nskill and capital in any of them.\\nThe government is very liberal to all who wish\\nto establish industries to develop the resources of\\nthe country.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 21\\nRAILWAYS.\\nThere are nearly nine thousand miles of rail-\\nways in the Eepiiblie, and the mileage is rapidly\\nincreasing. They have all been built in the last\\ntwenty years, by more than a hundred million dol-\\nlars aid from the Mexicon Government. It has\\nall been practically the inspiring work of one man\\nPresident Diaz without whose cold judgment\\nand ,2:uiding hand of destiny the country might yet\\nbe the bloody scene of revolution.\\nTELEGRAPHS.\\nThe railroad companies have their own wires\\nand do public business, while the Mexican Govern-\\nment has some thirty thousand miles of wire,\\nreaching the most remote sections of the Republic\\nand the United States and extending service by\\ncable to all parts of the civilized world.\\nPOSTAL SERVICE.\\nIs about the same and equal to that of the\\nUnited States, with some sixteen hundred offices\\nin the country, and is in the Postal Union. There\\nare carriers and free delivery in all cities that have\\npopulation to entitle them to have that system.\\nLetter postage is five cents per half ounce and\\nthe second class is two cents for sixteen ounces or\\nfractional part thereof, to all parts of the Republic\\nand foreign countries in the Postal Union.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22: GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nLocal postage carries a letter from the United\\nStates to any part of Mexico. Many people do\\nnot kiiow tills fact and waste stamps when writ-\\ning to Mexico.\\nTHE METEIC SYSTEM\\nof, weights and measures has been adopted by\\nlaw, -which makes a uniform standard the first,\\ntime in the history of the country. Before this\\nthere was much confusion from different methods\\nin vogue.\\nEDUCATION.\\nThere are some eleven thousand public primary\\nschools in the Eepublic, with some seven hundred\\ntiiousand average attendance. Primary education\\nis compulsory. There are also many church and\\nprivate primary schools which have a respectable\\npatronage. Most of the national schools have\\nclasses ior teaching arts and trades. There are\\nalso colleges, military, -medical, musical, profes-\\nsional, of high grades.\\nThere are some seventy-five public libraries in\\nthe Eepublic, the National one alone, in the Gity\\nof ]Mexico, containing some two hundred and sev-\\nenty thousand volumes. The government spends\\nmore than five million dollars a year in education.\\nThere are more than three hundred and sixty\\nperiodicals published in the country, some of\\nwhich are daily ne\\\\vspa])ers in English, while there\\nare spme in Erench and German.\\nThere is complete religious liberty, the same as\\nall creeds enjoy in the United States.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 23\\nAny person may reside and travel at pleasure\\nanywhere in the Eepublic without passport or\\nother document, whose conduct is respectable and\\nlaw-abiding.\\nLaw and justice are equal to all classes^ and\\nlife and property are more safe and secure than in\\nNew York or Chicago.\\nCLIMATE.\\nAlmost enough has been said on this subject,\\nas the climate of Mexico is difficult to define or\\nunderstand.\\nThe coast country and up to an elevation of\\nsome 3,000 feet is known as the Hot Country/^\\nalthough the average temperature the year round\\nis no more than 75\u00c2\u00b0 to 82\u00c2\u00b0 Fahrenheit, no more\\nthan Florida would have, were she equally exemf t\\nfrom frost. What is called the temperate zone,\\nfrom three thousand to eight thousand feet eleva-\\ntion, often has hard frost at the top, while the\\ntemperature is 75\u00c2\u00b0 at the bottom and 50\u00c2\u00b0 at the\\ncenter, but the average annual temperature is 60\u00c2\u00b0\\nto 70\u00c2\u00b0 over the zone. The third zone, from eight\\nthousand, feet to the eternal snow line, is scarcely\\nworth the time and space required for discussion.\\nThere is not much industry nor production above\\nnine thousand feet.\\nAt eight thousand feet and higher the sun\\nmay glow with as much force as at three thousand\\nfeet, but the night is sure to be chilly, sometimes\\nfrosty.\\nThe air is bracing and healthy in the high zoile,", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nand warm and moist in the coast zone, though\\nvery salubrious as a rule. The near proximity of\\nvast sheets of water and constant sea breezes\\nmodify the heat of the Hot Country to a degree\\ntill the heat is not near as oppressive in the shade\\nas it is in the United States in hot summer\\nweather, while the nights are almost uniformly\\ncool and refreshing. Sunstroke is unknown.\\nWater is good and abundant everywhere.\\nRESOURCES OF AGRICULTUJRE.\\nAs already stated, no other country in the world\\ncan rival Mexico as a practical and profitable field\\nof agriculture, for the reason the crops of her frost\\nzone are ripe when the frost comes, and the lower\\nzones are absolutely exempt from frost. The pro-\\nducts of the world, without one exception, have\\ntheir native soil and climate in abundance and to\\nspare in Mexico.\\nLand and labor are cheap, hence a hundred dol-\\nlars gold invested in farming in Mexico will yield\\nmore profit than a thousand dollars in the United\\nStates, with about one twenty-fifth part of taxes\\nrequired in the United States.\\nLand that costs anywhere from twenty-five dol-\\nlars to one hundred and twenty-five dollars per\\nacre, in productive sections of the United States,\\ncan be bought from four dollars to ten dollars\\ngold, per acre in the coffee and fruit zones of Mex-\\nico. On this expensive soil of the United States,\\ncorn, oats, wheat, potatoes, and some other vege-\\ntables grow, never exempt from frost, often with", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 25\\nlittle or no profit, above the cost of production\\nand marketing. If there is a little profit fuel and\\nstock feed, and idleness in winter, eat most of it\\nup. The same crops, wheat and oats alone ex-\\ncepted, grow with much less labor on the clieap\\nMexican land, while coffee, sugar, and many trop-\\nical fruits, grow with them, in the coffee belt, and\\nall, except coffee, in the low belt, with many other\\nproducts that do not grow with coffee.\\nThe present low price of coffee has wiped out\\nmost of the fancy profits of recent years in that\\nindustry. But vanilla still produces more than\\nthirty dollars per acre, while chocolate reaches\\ntwo hundred dollars. Eubber will produce more\\nthan three hundred dollars per acre, but six years\\nare required to grow the tree, which is good for a\\nlifetime after it once\\\\ becomes productive. Price\\nof crude rubber has more than doubled in ten\\nyears. Many other crops will produce as much,\\nvalue on an acre as a small farm of corn or wheat\\nin the United States. Food products can be\\ngrown for home consumption while cultivating\\nthe money crops, without extra cost.\\nGood native labor costs an average of fifty cents\\nMexican money a day, but sixty-two and one-half\\ncents per day gets nearly fifty per cent more labor\\nand secures the best hands. The same labor\\nwould cost one dollar a day in the United States.\\nThe labor in Mexico in gold, at the last price\\nnamed there, would cost seventy cents a day less\\nthan in the United States.\\nThe one hundred dollars gold, to be invested in\\nMexico against one thousand dollars in the United", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nStates, is worth two hundred and ten dollars in\\nthe silver currency of the country, which buys\\nmore labor or native food than the same amount\\nin gold will buy in the United States.\\nThe money crops, for export, are sold for gold\\nvalue, which produces a big sum when converted\\ninto silver. Gold has no other use in Mexico, and\\nis never seen in circulation.\\nTwo crops of corn, beans, and many vegetables\\ncan be grown in a year in the coast country, and\\ntwo years work can be done in one year, as there\\nis no winter nor other weather to stop farm labor\\na dozen days in the year; and stock require no\\nfood in winter more than they need in the United\\nStates in summer.\\nCOEK\\nCorn is a native of Mexico, or was cultivated by\\nthe Indians there a thousand years before the dis-\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00acOverv of the new world by Columbus. It is the\\ngreatest crop in the country, as it grows every-\\nwhere, and is the bread of the poor. It yields as\\nmuch as seventy-five bushels per acre under im-\\nperfect Mexican culture, on irrigated land, and as\\nmuch as forty bushels from natural moisture. It\\nis planted on the coast in May and November, for\\nthe two annual crops.\\nWHEAT.\\nMexican wheat took the first prize against the\\nworld at the Centennial Exposition in Philadel-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "p\\np\\np\\no\\nO\\nP\\n1", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28 GUIDE TO MEXICO,\\nphia, in 1876. It yields as much as eighty bushels\\nper acre, under crude system of Mexican culti-\\nvation, on irrigated land, and as much as twenty-\\nfive bushels with natural moisture. One bushel\\nis worth more than twice as much in Mexico as in\\nthe United States. The crop is by no means cer-\\ntain without irrigation. The production could be\\ngreatly increased by more extensive irrigation, but\\nwhen in excess of native consumption the price\\nfor export would not justify the cost.\\nFor these reasons it would be folly to go to\\nMexico to grow wheat on a small scale, as irrigated\\nlands are not for sale cheap in small lots, and\\nwheat lands without irrigation would not be prof-\\nitable.\\nBAELEY.\\nThe production of barley is increasing since\\nbreweries started to work, though it grows under\\nthe same conditions as wheat, and is not a crop to\\ntempt small American farmers. The straw is sold\\nfor hay at double the price of wheat straw.\\nOATS.\\nOats grow in the same districts as wheat and\\nbarley, and under similar conditions, with favor-\\nable results.\\nEICE.\\nThe Aztecs used rice for a food before the Span-\\niards disturbed the languid tranquility of the\\ncountry. It has received less attention than al-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 29\\nmost any other article, though it yields abund-\\nantly in the low coast country, and would pay a\\nnet profit of some two hundred per cent. Every\\nbody eats rice in Mexico.\\nVEGETABLES.\\nNearly all the garden vegetables of the United\\nStates and Europe grow well all over Mexico,\\nexcept the Irish potato, which does not do well in\\nthe very low, moist country, though water melons\\ndo as well in some parts of the coast of Vera Cruz\\nas in Georgia, and musk melons better than any-\\nwhere in the United States.\\nTOBACCO.\\nThe Aztecs smoked through amber tubes long\\nbefore the Spaniards ever saw Mexico. Tobacco\\nis a native of the country.\\nThe State of Vera Cruz grows a very fine, mild\\nleaf, equal to the best produced in Cuba, while a\\nbelt of some bordering States claims the same\\nsuperior stock.\\nThe States of Chiapas, Campeche, Yucatan,\\nGuerrero, Michoacan, Jalisco, Colima, Sinaloa,\\nHidalgo, and the southern part of Tamaulipas,\\nalso grow tobacco, somewhat heavier and stronger\\nthan that of the Vera Cruz belt, but desirable\\nworking stock, that makes very popular goods for\\nsmokers.\\nThus it will be seen that half the States are\\ntobacco growers, and the land suitable for this in-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "30 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\ndiistry is nnlimited, as it will remain for many\\ngenerations. The best tobacco lands in Cuba and\\nManila are nearly exhausted, so that Mexico is\\nrapidly becoming the fine tobacco field of the\\nworld.\\nThe crop is surer in the coast and coffee belts of\\nthe Vera Cruz country than elsewhere, for the\\nreason that there are almost always seasonable\\nrains, when it is dry in other districts.\\nThe price of tobacco advanced as heavily as\\ncoffee declined during 1897. The cultivation was\\nvery profitable at prices of 1896, more than two\\nhundred per cent, when the price was twenty-five\\ncents to forty-five cents per pound. Prices are\\ntwice to three times as much now, though too high\\nto remain, when the production approaches what\\nconsumers require, yet the profit will always be\\nlarge.\\nThe yield is two thousand five hundred to four\\nthousand pounds per acre. At a clear profit of\\nfifty cents a pound, which the crop of 1897 is giv-\\ning, the average result is fifteen hundred dollars\\nclear gain per acre. The profit will not likely run\\nunder five hundred dollars per acre in this age,\\nand there is not much probability that the pres-\\nent high prices will decline much in the next few\\nyears.\\nHence, a few acres in tobacco will yiehl a sure\\nfortune, at less cost and risk than gold seeking in\\nAlaska.\\nSUGAE.\\nThe coast country and coffee belt is the best\\nsugar territory in the world, producing from", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 31\\nfifty per cent to one hundred per cent more to the\\nacre than Cuba or Brazil, running as high as six\\nthousand pounds of dry sugar to the acre. The\\nmolasses and other waste go into rum, which pays\\nthe expenses of the plantation.\\nCane will grow on ten times more land than will\\never be planted. There are some plantations that\\nmake two or three million pounds sugar annually.\\nOne planting is sufficient for six to fifteen\\nyears, according to the land and locality.\\nLittle more than enough for home consump-\\ntion is now produced, but some experiments of\\nexporting in 1897 were very satisfactory. The\\nsugar is very sweet, nearly double the strength of\\nbeet sugar.\\nSmall farmers may make common brown sugar,,\\nfor home use, by a process about as simple and\\ncheap as that of making sorghum molasses in the\\nUnited States.\\nCOTTOK.\\nMexico is the home of cotton. The Spaniards\\nfound it and its products there. There is one\\nspecies that grows and produces for many years,\\nbecoming a tree from one planting, while the\\nother is the same as that grown in the United\\nStates, and planted every year. The latter has\\nthe best fibre.\\nCotton grows and produces well in the coast\\ncountry, and is cultivated to some extent in the\\nStates of Nuevo Leon, Durango, Chihuahua,\\nOaxaca and Coahuila, where there is plenty of\\nland suitable for this industry.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32 OUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nThere is nowhere near enough produced for\\nTiome consumption, though the profit is three\\ntimes as much as in the United States; and there\\nis a market for millions of pounds of cotton seed\\noil, annually imported from the United States.\\nFRUITS.\\nA greater variety and quantity of fruits of a\\nhigh commercial value might be grown in Mexico\\nthan in any other country in the world.\\nCentral and northern Mexico might outrival\\nCalifornia in the production of apples, pears,\\npeaches, apricots, plums, cherries, olives, grapes,\\nand all the berries, as there are some grown of ex-\\nceptional fine quality under crude methods of na-\\ntive cultivation.\\nORANGES.\\nMexico could produce more oranges than\\nCalifornia and Florida combined, and of better\\nquality, with the same high grade of cultivation\\nbestowed on this fruit in those States, much\\n}heaper, as no fertilizers are needed in Mexico,\\nwhere no damage from frost ever occurs.\\nFlorida is practically ruined by cold waves.\\nCalifornia has lost a heavy per cent of three crops\\nin five from the same cause; and it is merely a\\nquestion of some years when her trees will meet\\nthe same fate those of Florida suffered. Then\\nMexico will be the orange belt of the continent.\\nMexican oranges have never been cultivated.\\nThe trees are all seedlings, mostly volunteers,", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 33\\ngrowing where they came up, without pruning or\\nattention; yet the fruit is sweet and juicy, equal\\nto the best Florida and better than California.\\nSome hundreds of carloads of Mexican oranges\\nhave been shipped to the markets of the United\\nStates from each crop of the past three or four\\nyears, and found much favor with dealers and con-\\nsumers, the drawbacks stated above, and imper-\\nfect or bad methods of transportation notwith-\\nstanding.\\nWhen the orange in Mexico is once budded with\\nthe best varieties and cultivated, the same as it\\nis treated in Florida and California, and the trans-\\nportation becomes as good as it is in the United\\nStates, the industry will be established to stay, not\\nonly in Mexico but in the markets of the United\\nStates. There are Floridians and Californians in\\nMexico, putting out big groves, so that it is a\\nquestion of but few years when all the trees now\\nin Mexico will be budded and cultivated, and mil-\\nlions of new ones planted. Then Mexico will be\\nthe orange country of the world. High duty will\\nnot keep her fine, sweet fruit out of the United\\nStates.\\nThe coast zone and coffee belt of the Vera\\nCruz district has ten times more good orange land\\nthan the entire State of Florida ever had, with\\nbearing trees in every community sufficient to\\nproduce five hundred carloads; though not much\\nmore than a hundred cars have ever been shipped\\nto the United States in one season. The possibil-\\nitv of cheap, quick water transportation from the\\nMexican Gulf ports to New Orleans and Mobile,\\nMexico\u00e2\u0080\u0094 3", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nand thence by fast fruit express trains, now in\\nvogue for banana service, to Western and Cana-\\ndian markets, renders the Vera Cruz belt the most\\npromising orange section of Mexico.\\nThe States of Jalisco and Sonora are now far\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0in the lead of all other sections of Mexico in the\\nproduction and shipment of oranges; but their\\ngeographical positions preclude them from the\\npossibility of cheap water freight, that is a cer-\\ntainty from the Gulf ports of Vera Cruz and Ta-\\nbasco, when there is business to support fast\\nsteamers. As Americans are going by hundreds\\ninto that district there will soon be business to\\njustify the steamers to run direct and under high\\nspeed. There are now two lines of coasting\\nsteamers between Mexican Gulf ports and New\\nOrleans and Mobile, ready to put on fast, direct\\nservice as soon as needed.\\nOranges can be produced in Mexico at half the\\ncost in Florida and California, with no crops lost\\nas the result of frost.\\nLEMONS AND LIMES.\\nLemons and limes grow wild in all the orange\\nbelt of Mexico and have never been cultivated, but\\nas fine fruit can be grown there as any in the\\nworld, and very cheaply.\\nBAXAXAS.\\nBananas grow wherever there is coffee, and any-\\nwhere below the coffee zone. The low coast coun-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "o\\np\\no\\no\\np\\nP\\nt\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nt\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSQ\\nO\\no", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\ntry alone would produce fruit that would be prof-\\nitable to export. From the sea level to seven\\nhundred feet above immense banana plantations\\nmay be established at a cost of about five cents a\\nplant. At the end of a year the plants bear each\\na bunch of fruit, worth from fifty cents to one dol-\\nlar, gold, in the United States. The second year,\\nand many years after, the yield doubles without\\nreplanting, as suckers come from the original\\nplant. After the first year there is little expense\\nbeyond gathering the fruit; and the first crop\\nmakes a profit above ^11 the expenses of planting\\nand caring for the young plants.\\nThere are three fields more desirable than oth-\\ners equally productive in the same section, be-\\ncause they are on the banks of rivers near the\\nGulf. The port and central point of the first is\\nthe city of Tlacotalpam, in the State of Vera\\nCruz, on the river San Juan, at a point where\\nthree rivers unite. The city has some fifteen\\nthousand inhabitants, and some factories. Vera\\nCruz is the port proper, but New York steamers\\ngo there regularly for cargoes.\\nThe banks of each of the three rivers that unite\\nthere are as fine fields for bananas as any in Cen-\\ntral America, and the quality of the fruit that\\ngrows there now, without attention, is good as the\\nbest elsewhere. The Havana market has been\\nsupplied with plantain or bread fruit from there\\nsince the war in Cuba has been raging. There is\\nland enough for thousands of planters.\\nThe central of the three rivers leads up into as\\nfine a water melon section as any in the United\\nStates.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 37\\nAnother river empties into the Gulf at the port\\nof Coatzacoalcos, that has fine banks for banana\\nplantations, and yet another at the port of Front-\\nera, where the cultivation has been started sys-\\ntematically but on. a small scale, as yet, by one\\nman.\\nliand of no better quality would cost ten times\\nas much in Central America as in Mexico, hence\\nthe capital to start could be much less and the net\\nprofit correspondingly larger than in Central\\nAmerica, $100 gold invested in plants, land nec-\\nessary to set them and labor to bring them to bear-\\ning, should produce $500 gold the first year, and\\nfrom $700 to $1,000 each subsequent year, for\\nnine or ten years. The cost per year, after the\\nfirst year, would not exceed $25.\\nThe finest quality of large yellow bananas\\nshould be planted, such as grow in Central Amer-\\nica, and can be found at Frontera. Most of the\\nbananas now grown in Mexico are not of quality\\nsuitable to export.\\nCultivation of bananas for export would quickly\\nassure steamer service suitable to carry oranges,\\nwhich also grow finely and ripen early in the ba-\\nnana sections.\\nPINEAPPLES.\\nThe finest pineapples in the world grow in the\\nsame districts or sections last mentioned as\\nadapted to bananas, and there is practically no\\nlimit to the possibilities of production. Suckers\\nare planted and produce fruit in a year; and it\\ncomes again from the root, year after year, with-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nout repknting, the same as the banana. Three\\nthousand five hundred to four thousand may 1)e\\nplanted to the acre. After the land is cleared and\\nplanted very little cultivation is required. At five\\ncents each the profit would be very large.\\nThe safest business and biggest possible profit\\nwould be in canning that fine pineapple in a ripe\\nstate, which would drive all the green, trashy\\ncanned pineapples out of the markets of the world.\\nTn this way none would be lost in transit. The\\nfirst half of the crop could be marketed in a fresh\\nstate more profitably than canned, but not the last\\nhalf, after the rainy season sets in.\\nVv\\nOCOANUTS.\\nThere is nothing to do but gather, hull, and\\nsack cocoanuts, whicli grow mid everywhere, in\\nthe banana sections, even in sea marshes.\\nOTHER FRUITS.\\nThe finest mangoes and alligator pears also\\ngrow in banana sections, as well as many other\\nsmall fruits, entirely unknown in the United\\nStates, tliough unimportant beyond home use, as\\nnot suitable to export.\\ng^ COFFEE.\\nAll books and guides sliow the profit of coffee\\ngrowing to be from 100 per cent to 300 per cent,\\non capital invested; but the decline of 1897 wiped", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO 31 E XI CO, 39\\nall that golden harvest from the industry, and\\nhrought coffee production down to the lowest hard\\npan of any business in Mexico.\\nThere is yet a modest profit to be gleaned from\\nexisting coffee plantations, at present low prices,\\nhut no sort of tempting inducements to start new\\nones. There seems to be little prospect of high\\nprices again soon, though Mexican coffee is worth\\nmore than that of other countries.\\nMexico took the highest award from all the\\nworld with her coffee at the Centennial Exposi-\\ntion, at Philadelphia, in 1876, and yet deserves to\\nhold it.\\nUnder existing circumstances it seems superflu-\\nous to dwell on the culture of coffee, as an induce-\\nment to emigrate to Mexico.\\nSince the above was written coffee has ad-\\nvanced, and is now profitable; and the govern-\\nment has abolished the export duty.\\nVANILLA.\\nThe Spaniards found the Aztecs flavoring their\\nchocolate with the vanilla bean, which is a native\\nof Mexico. It grows from the coast up to an alti-\\ntude of 2,500 feet. Three years are required to\\nget the first crop, worth $50 to the acre, after a\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0cost of $30, leaving $20 profit. After the first\\ncrop the vield is $60 per acre and the expenses\\n$10, leaving $50 clear.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40 GVIDE TO MEXICO.\\nCHOCOLATE.\\nThe chocolate bean grows on a tree that re-\\nquires fiye years to produce fruit, and needs some\\nshade, in moist soil, while young. It is a native\\nof Mexico, and bears fruit some thirty years. It\\ndoes not pay in an altitude above 2,000 feet, as it\\nrequires a hot climate. The district of Vera Cruz\\nsuits it better than any other, though it does well\\nin some others. It produces about $200 per acre.\\nThe quality of Mexican chocolate is equal to\\nthat of any other country.\\nEUBBEE.\\nRubber trees grow wild along the coast of Vera\\nCruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco and Campeche,\\nand as far as seventy-five miles inland^ in some\\nplaces. Such trees are beginning to die out from\\nthe effect of frequent tapping, which is leading\\nmany persons to start plantations. The rubber\\ntree makes a good shade for coffee or chocolate\\ntrees, while these are young and delicate, though\\nit is not of much service to coff ee, as it does not\\nthrive at an altitude above 400 feet. It grows 50\\nfeet in height and 10 inches in diameter, and must\\nhave a warm; moist climate. It is propagated from\\nits own nuts and grows with little care. From 250\\nto 500 trees are planted to the acre, as to the fer-\\ntility of the soil. Six or seven years are necessary\\nto get the first crop, but is then productive some-\\ntimes for fifty years, or an average of thirty-five\\nvears.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "GVIDE TO MEXICO. 41\\nEubber is a very profitable crop, and there\\nseems no limit to the demand, as the price is ever\\nadvancing. Brazil exports more than a hundred\\nmillion dollars worth in gold, annually. There is\\nsome fifty million dollars invested in jjicycle tires\\nin the United States alone. There are one hun-\\ndred and fifty thousand miles of submarine cables\\ninsulated with rubber. It has some hundred other\\nuses, ever increasing the consumption.\\nA milky substance exudes from the tapping of\\nthe tree, which is coagulated into crude rubber, by\\nsimple and inexpensive processes. A tree yields\\ntwo to three pounds of crude rubber, now w^orth\\nmore than seventy cents per pound in gold. The\\nland, clearing, planting and cultivating to the first\\ncrop will cost about twenty-five dollars per acre.\\nTwo hundred and fifty trees, with one pound of\\ncrude rubber each, at seventy cents, would make\\none hundred and seventy-five dollars gold per acre,\\nleaving one hundred and fifty dollars profit. Ten\\nacres would leave fifteen hundred dollars, a re-\\nspectable showing for a poor man, who should be\\nmaking a living and some money from other crops^\\nwhile his rubber trees are growing.\\nBut the second year of production his ten acres\\nwould yield him three thousand dollars, and not\\nless per annum thereafter, in his lifetime, but\\nsome twenty-five per cent and a little upward\\nmore after the trees are ten years old.\\nSince the above was written the price of rubber\\nhas materially advanced, so average production\\nmight now reach or exceed $700 per acre.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nWOODS.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0There are more than sixty varieties of woods\\nsuitable for ordinary building purposes, and more\\nthan fifty for tine furniture and finishings in the\\nforests of Mexico. There are grand openings in\\nwood industries. The finest furniture and dye\\nwoods are in the coast belt of the Vera Cruz dis-\\ntrict: and the State of Vera Cruz contains all the\\nordinary building woods.\\nMore than three million dollars (gold) worth of\\ndye woods alone are exported from Mexico an-\\nnually.\\nThe finest ebony, rosewood and violet wood are\\nin Mexico, and not appreciated properly, because\\nnot extensively used.\\nThe lands one would clear, in some parts of the\\ncoast country, would contain valuable woods.\\nFIBRES.\\nFibre plants, such as sisal hemp, called hene-\\nquen, jute, ramie, flax, and others unknown by\\nname, in the United States, grow everywhere in\\nMexico in great profusion. Millions of dollars\\nworth are annually exported, though there is lit-\\ntle systematic cultivation.\\nCATTLE INDUSTRY.\\nWith improved breeds and more care, tliere are\\nunlimited chances to make fortunes in the cattle\\nbusiness of ^[exico, and a certainty of prosperity\\nfor any one able to start on a modest scale. In the", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Q\\nd\\nC\\np\\no\\nI\\no\\np\\no\\np\\np\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^^y ^S^^^-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nright sections, where pasture is good and water is\\nabundant all the year, it is nearly all profit, after\\nthe start. The coast and coffee belts of Vera Cruz\\ndistrict, and the State of Jalisco, are probably the\\nbest fields for men of moderate means.\\nA new era is dawning for the cattle industry of\\nMexico, as the Government is arranging a fran-\\nchise to a big American company, whose business\\nwill be to facilitate the improvement and breed-\\ning of cattle, and the canning and preparation of\\ncarcasses for export to Europe that is, dressed\\nbeef fresh in whole carcasses, as well as canned.\\nThe consumption is constantly increasing in Mex-\\nico, while the export trade goes on to the United\\nStates, in the face of high duty, and to Cuba, as\\nit must continue a long time, even after the war\\nis over, as the stock of cattle in Cuba will be ex-\\nhausted.\\nAll these things will stimulate the cattle busi-\\nness of Mexico, and render it more profitable.\\nIt will cost about the same to raise an ox that\\nweighs fifteen hundred as one that weighs no\\nmore than six hundred pounds, when breeds are\\nonce improved. There is no probability that\\nthere will ever be a surplus sufficient to lower\\nprices.\\nHOG BREEDING.\\nThere is more promise in the pork business than\\nalmost any other in Mexico, as the supply never\\nequals the demand, and prices are always high.\\nAs a special business, on a large scale, or by the\\nsmall farmer, in connection with other crops.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 45\\nthere is money in the hog. Lard pays more than\\nmeat, and native brings much more money than\\nimported. The parts of the hog that cannot be\\nturned into lard is used as fresh pork. Very little\\nbacon is made in Mexico, and not much used by\\nthe natives. Hams are used more than other\\nsmoked parts of the hog.\\nBananas could be utilized for raising and fat-\\ntening hogs, as no other food is better, and none\\ncan be produced as cheaply as that in the coffee\\nbelt, where bananas are grown to shade coffee, and\\nhave no value, as they are not suitable to export.\\nTHE DAIRY.\\nThere are great inducements in the dairy in-\\ndustry, as nearly all the cheese and butter used are\\nimported. What little produced is the business\\nof foreigners, chiefly from imported cows. Con-\\nsumers pay forty cents to seventy-five cents per\\nnound for cheese, and fifty cents to one dollar for\\nfresh butter, with no supply to equal the demand.\\nAs a matter of course, this industry would have to\\nbe in reach of a city.\\nDairy and hog industries would work well to-\\ngether.\\nPOULTRY AND EGGS.\\nThe poultry- and egg industry will pay twice as\\nmuch anywhere in Mexico as it pays in the LTnited\\nStates. The crude methods of the natives, on\\nsmall scales, is the way the business is done.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nFISH.\\nThe Gulf coast and the rivers that empty into\\nthe Gulf swarm with fine salt w^ater fish, but few\\nof which have any market value, for want of near-\\nby consumers and suitable transportation to carry\\nthem to the inland cities. Families have all they\\nwant, with very little trouble of catching them.\\nThere are some small oysters along the coast that\\nhave a very fine flavor. The Pacific Coast has its-\\nfish and oysters, but is not accessible and practi-\\ncal for American settlers.\\nCOAST ADVAjSTTAGES.\\nExcepting wheat, barley, oats and cold country\\nfruits the settler has all the multifarious crops-\\nand resources of ]\\\\Iexico concentrated in the coast\\nand cotfee l)elts of the Vera Cruz district, with\\ncheap water freight for his export products, and\\nthe machinery or other goods he may wish to im-\\nport.\\nThese are advantages that cannot be estimated^\\nand that do not exist in any other country.\\nFrom one hundred dollars to two hundred and\\nfifty dollars, Mexican silver, will build a house\\nthat will do for a home at the start in that warm\\ncountry. Clothinof costs very little, as light, cheap\\nmaterial is sntlicient nearly all the year round.\\nThe same energy and labor expended on the\\ncrops of tlie Ignited States would ]iroduee i^n\\ntimes more results in ^lexico, where such a di-\\nversity of profitable crops may be grown on the\\nsame small farm or large plantation.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 47\\nFARM STOCK.\\nHorses are worth ten dollars to fifty dollars;\\nwork mules twenty-five dollars to seventy-five\\ndollars; work oxen forty dollars to seventy-five\\ndollars per yoke of two; bnrros, the great pack\\nanimals of Mexico, from five dollars to fifteen dol-\\nlars, and milch cows from ten dollars to twenty-\\nfive each, in silver. There is no standard price for\\nstock hogs nor stock fowls, but they may be\\nbought at reasonable prices, compared with their\\nmarket value when ready to market.\\nFarming tools and machinery are mostly super-\\nfluous, as there is very little cultivation of crops,\\nmore than cutting down the grass and weeds.\\nIt would be a good plan, when families are go-\\ning by steamers, to take a couple pair of pigs of\\ngood breed, as most of the hogs in Mexico are of\\nthe old razorback breed.\\nCLEAEING LAND.\\nThe cost of clearing land, ready for crops, will\\nrange from five dollars to ten dollars per acre, sil-\\nver, according to locality and timber. The natives\\ndo such work by the job for less money than the\\nusual cost of day labor, as they thus have a show\\nto earn more than current wages in a day, by rush-\\ning and long hours.\\nFUENITUEE.\\nFamilies going by steamer would do well to\\ncarry the more necessary articles of household", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "48 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nfurnitiTre, where the distance by rail to the\\nsteamer is not too great and the freight near half\\nthe value of the goods. All rail it would not pay\\nto carry anything that could not be packed in\\ntrunks, unless shipped as freight, which would be\\nvery long on the road. This would be better than\\nbuying in Mexico.\\nMost of the furniture sold in Mexico is im-\\nported and sold at very high prices. Furniture\\ntaken to Mexico by families emigrating there to\\nmake homes, and carried for their own use, is ad-\\nmitted free of duty by the government. The\\nfreight, when not carried as baggage, in excess of\\nthe weight allowed by transportation companies,\\nwould not be one quarter of the cost of new fur-\\nniture in Mexico.\\nBooks will also be admitted free of duty, when\\na part of family effects, as well as pianos or other\\nmusical instruments.\\nWhen household goods are shipped by freight,\\nand do not accompany the owners, a certificate of\\nthe head of the family, made before a notary pub-\\nlic, that he or she, head of a family, is emigrating\\nwith family to make a home in Mexico, and that\\ngoods shipped is family property, necessary for\\nhousekeeping of said family and not for sale.\\nThis certificate, with a letter from the railroad\\nagent shipping the goods, stating that the certifi-\\ncate represents the facts, should be mailed to the\\nMexican collector of customs at the point where\\nthe goods would cross the border, if all rail: viz.,\\nCiudad Juarez, if by El Paso route: Ciudad Diaz,\\nif by Eagle Pass route; and Laredo Nuevo, if by", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 49\\nLaredo route; or to Vera Cruz, Tampico, or what-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ever port of entry, if by steamer.\\nThe fact that the goods are family effects, of\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2emigrants seeking homes in Mexico, should be\\nnoted on the bill of lading and the way bill, issued\\nand made by the agent shipping the property.\\nA perfect invoice should be made by the owner,\\nand the boxes numbered, should there be boxes,\\nand number of each box placed at the head of the\\nitems of its contents in the invoice; and the sec-\\nond-hand value of each item in the invoice should\\nbe entered opposite it. This invoice should be ab-\\nsolutely correct, and so certified by the owner,\\nbefore the notary public, and be sent with other\\ndocuments named, in one enclosure, to the Mexi-\\ncan collector of customs, as already explained,\\nwhile a copy of said invoice should be attached to\\nthe way bill, with a request from the shipping\\nagent, to the American agent at the border, to ask\\nthe Mexican agent and the collector to forward\\nthe goods to destination without delay.\\nA false invoice subjects the shipment to seizure\\nand confiscation, or makes it liable to a heavy\\nduty, according to circumstances.\\nNo passport is needed to land in Mexico, and\\nnone to travel after landing in the country.\\nAmericans cannot be supposed to know such lit-\\ntle, yet very important, requisites, that might\\ncause them much annoyance and great inconve-\\nnience, if learned after setting out or omitted al-\\ntogether.\\nFurniture, or any class of goods, is allowed as\\nbaggage, to a liberal weight, to every ticket-\\nMexico\u00e2\u0080\u0094 4", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "50 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nholder on the railways leading out from Vera\\nCruz. In this way the poor Mexicans take their\\nfruit, eggs and other small articles to market^\\nfreight-free, paying only second-class fare for\\nthemselves.\\nCOMMON LABOR.\\nFarm and railroad hands had hetter not go to\\nMexico to work for wages. There are plenty of\\npeons for all classes of cheap labor; and Ameri-\\ncans could not get half the current price of com-\\nmon labor in the United States. If an American\\ncannot start a little home, and work for his own\\naccount, as a common laborer, he had better not\\nleave his own country.\\nThe day may come when the supply of native\\nlabor will be less than the demand, but that day\\ndoes not seem to be very near just now.\\nSTEXOGEAPHY.\\nThere is a grand opening for stenographers in\\nMexico, able to take dictations and write in Span-\\nish. But there are plenty there who know noth-\\ning but English. American railway otlicials and\\nAmerican and English companies, who have large\\ncorrespondence and shipping trade with the\\nUnited States and England, use stenographers\\nwho know no Spanish. There are very few ste-\\nnographers and typewriters who know Spanish.\\nMexican girls are not taught, and would not be al-\\nlowed by their parents and social usage to take\\npositions if they could write shorthand and use", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "o\\nB\\no\\nts\\nQ\\no\\nI\\no\\no\\nP\\n1\\n(t\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00ba-S\\nQ", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nthe typewriter. Americans who go to Mexico with\\n40 knowledge of Spanish never learn there,\\nthough they often have the best possible opportu-\\nnities. One in a hundred may learn. They herd\\nwith Americans or Mexicans who speak English.\\nIf a Mexican knows- just a little English he will\\nnot talk to an American in Spanish.\\nMexicans know the value of English, and learn\\nit much oftener then Americans learn Spanish,\\nthouoh the task is ten times as hard for them as\\nthat for an American to learn Spanish.\\nOne must be fairly master or mistress of Span-\\nish to become a stenographer and typewriter in\\nthat language. Considerable study and practice\\nare necessary to attain such mastery of the lan-\\nguage. But the reward would compensate the la-\\nbor. Without such qualification it would be need-\\nless to seek employment as a stenographer in Mex-\\nico. Certainly there are many now filling posi-\\ntions, as stated, without knowledge of Spanish;\\nbut there are more applicants of this class than\\nplaces for them.\\n^BOOKKEEPERS.\\nThere is room for good bookkeepers who know\\nSpanish. Less proficiency in the language would\\nbe required at the start of a bookkeeper than of a\\nstenographer, though he must have commercial\\nwords and terms at liis fingers ends. Mexican law\\nrequires that all books of account shall be kept in\\nSpanish. There are plenty of ^fexican bookkeep-\\ners, though few of them know Enoflish.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 53\\nGermans all learn the Spanish quickly, and\\nhence take the best positions in the competitive\\nrace with Americans, who do not even try to\\nlearn. Germans then become partners or proprie-\\ntors, or go into business for themselves, elsewhere,\\nvery soon. No German remains poor in Mexico.\\nAmericans without capital are as smart as poor\\nGermans, but too proud, independent, indolent in\\ntheir poverty. The German could never be any-\\nthing more than a peon if he remained ignorant\\nof the language of the country. But he learns\\nSpanish, and makes it his capital, just as any poor\\nAmerican of education and fair average business\\ncapacity might do. Germans are all educated, or,\\nat least, those in Mexico.\\nMINOR POSITIONS.\\nClerks, salesmen and salesladies, and general\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0utility men, somewhat familiar with Spanish,\\nmight find employment with the railroads, mines,\\nfactories and stores of the country. An army of\\npersons are thus employed in all sections of the\\nRepublic, many of whom speak no Spanish,\\nthough, in many cases, persons who speak both\\nSpanish and English are far more desirable, and\\nwould be paid more salary than those who know\\nbut one language. The demand for such help is\\nconstantly increasing with the development of\\nnew enterprises and the enlargement of old ones.\\nThe volume of all classes of business and indus-\\ntries is steadily growing, as population and pros-\\nperity augment .their inspiring influence.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54 GLIDE TO MEXICO.\\nIt is not reasonable that more people will be-\\ncome qualified for such employment in the United\\nStates faster than there will be places ready for\\nthem to fill in Mexico.\\nThe knowledge of Spanish being the key to suc-\\ncess in any business or position in Mexico, it is,\\nor would be, just as reasonable for one who is ig-\\nnorant of shorthand to seek a position as a ste-\\nnographer as for one without a knowlege of Span-\\nish to apply for skilled employment in Mexico.\\nThis is why there are always so many disap-\\npointed and disgusted Americans in Mexico City,\\nvirtually living on their wits, or such of their\\nnewly arrived countrymen as they can manipulate.\\nAdventurers fare no better, after they are once\\nknown, in Mexico than on the frontier in the\\nUnited States. They have done the honest, indus-\\ntrious American, whose lot was cast in Mexico\\nwithout money, much detriment in the past. But\\nnow Mexicans understand them, and are able to\\ndiscriminate between them and those of sterling\\nworth to tlie country. Workers in the vineyard,\\nnot drones, have a warm welcome awaiting them\\nat all times and in all parts of Mexico.\\nHOW TO GET POSITIONS.\\nThe cheapest method of securing positions in\\nMexico would be to advertise in the want columns\\nof The Mexican Herald, an English paper, and\\nEl linivcrsal, a Spanish jiaper, publislied in\\nMexico City, daily. Nearly all business and manu-\\nfacturing people in the Eei)ublic.read one or the", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "aUIDE TO MEXICO. 55\\nother. The rates are very moderate, in silver\\none dollar in gold would get several insertions of\\nan ordinary want advertisement. Other prelim-\\ninaries and details could be arranged by mail. Be\\nsure you are qualified for the place you seek, and\\nyou will be almost certain to get answers that will\\nlead to an engagement. There are plenty of both\\nEnglish speaking and Spanish speaking people\\nwho want first-class help that can use both lan-\\nguages. They will soon become interested when\\nthey see persons in the United States are offering\\ntheir services in Mexico.\\nPersons well qualified could safely go to any\\nlarge city at this time certain to find employment,\\nif not at once, surely in a little season. But a bet-\\nter price might be secured from home, in the\\nUnited States, at much less expense, and without\\nannoyance or delay after reaching Mexico. It\\nwould be ever so much nicer to start direct to a\\ngood position than to go blindly to seek one.\\nBUSINESS ENTEEPEISES.\\nWith some capital, and practical methods, there\\nis room for a good business man almost anywhere\\nin Mexico, and in almost any line of trade knowl-\\nedge of the language would make success certain.\\nThere are good points for a small business, where\\na large one would not be practical. At many\\npoints, as in the Vera Cruz district, one could en-\\ngage in the sale of merchandise and the exporta-\\ntion of the products of the country, at the same\\ntime, which would work beautifully together and", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "56 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nhelp the merchandise feature wonderfully. Other\\nplaces have articles of various classes that might\\nbe exported or sold in markets of the Republic^\\nwhere merchandising would be feasible.\\nBefore engaging in any mercantile enterprise\\none should go and study the situation carefully^\\nfirst deciding what district would be most desir-\\nable. It might be well to visit several places, to\\nfind the most promising one.\\nThere are grand openings for several classes of\\ncommission business in Mexico Cit}^, but time and\\npatience would be required to make them profit-\\nable. Present methods of business would have to\\nbe revolutionized, which would go slower than\\nchanges are made in the United States. There\\nare no large distributing depots for native and\\nforeign produce. The primitive methods of age\\nare still in vogue. Small, filthy, badly-ventilated\\nlittle dives contain all the fruit and other native\\nand foreign produce, which Indian peddlers carry\\naround the streets on their heads all day, in sun\\nor rain, and sell at prices much higher than Amer-\\nican methods of business would require. Such\\npeddlers gain little if any more than peon wages,\\nand the dealers do not ^q\\\\ rich, for the reason that\\ntheir stock goes fearfully to waste, the bulk of\\nwhich should be condemned by the board of\\nhealth, and would be but for the fact that there\\nis nothing better, before it is sent out to sell.\\nNearly all the fruit and produce of the Republic\\narrives at ^lexico City in bad shape, owing to bar-\\nbarous gathering and handling.\\nThree quarters of the Republic grows no tropi-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 57\\ncal fruit. Mexico City is the natural distributing\\npoint for all such territory, where an immense\\ntrade could be built up, by having practical con-\\nnections at each interior point, that may be\\nreached by rail, many of which would become sub-\\ndistributing points for back country towns and\\nsettlements.\\nNearly all the State of Texas may be made trib-\\nutary to Mexico City by direct and quick rail con-\\nnections; and much business is now done with\\nTexas under the present suicidal methods.\\nThe consumption would be enormous in Mexico\\nCity were the perishable goods handled the same\\nas they are in the United States.\\nThe fruit can be brought from the coast to Mex-\\nico City in j)erfect shape, and then delivered to\\nany point in the Republic or Texas in better con-\\ndition than most of the tropical fruits reach in-\\nterior markets of the United States.\\nThe high, dry, cool air of Mexico City and the\\ninterior tableland country is almost equal to re-\\nfrigeration in hot weather in the United States\\nfor the preservation of fruit and vegetables.\\nThere is an equal opportunity to monopolize the\\nfish and oyster business, which might be done by\\nthe same combination necessary to make, the fruit\\nand vegetable trade profitable in a high degree.\\nThe coast of Vera Cruz and Tampico now supply\\nall the fresh fish and some of the oysters used in\\nMexico City and the interior tableland country.\\nThe methods are antiquated and the prices the\\nsame. There are tine large oysters in great abun-\\ndance near Tampico.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nThere would he a quick fortune in the business\\nat half present prices.\\nA big trade could be built up in California\\nfruits, after the season for Mexican fruits of the\\nsame classes is over, by bringing them in carloads,\\nby freight, to Mexico City, and there distributing\\nthem all over the country, even to Vera Cruz and\\nthe coast. Many such fruits are now brought all\\nthe way by express at an enormous freight, and\\nall sold at famine prices.\\nThere is some little trade in American apples\\nand potatoes, which might be largely increased.\\nThe business might be made reciprocal and\\ngrand. Country connections could sell all classes\\nof goods and buy local produce, suited to ship to\\nthe market of Mexico City or to the United\\nStates, according to circumstances. Mexico City\\nis now the principal distributing point for general\\nmerchandise, mostly in the h. inds of German,\\nFrench and Spanish merchants, in whose business\\nfields Americans might cut broad swaths.\\nVera Cruz is the natural distributing point for\\nmuch of the coffee bell and coast country; and\\nthere are large, rich houses there now, but doing\\nbusiness under much the same methods as Mexico\\nCity, with the same show for American vim and\\nenterprise. The Mexican government is spending\\ntwenty-five million dollars making a deep, secure\\nharbor at Vera Cruz, which will enhance her com-\\nmercial importance beyond the power of words to\\nestimate. It will i^rohably be finished this year.\\nThe same company that is building the harbor\\nof Vera Cruz has just completed the great canal", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "P\\nP\\nQ\\no\\no\\no\\np\\np\\nCD\\nd\\np\\np\\np\\nQ\\n3", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "60 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nfor the clrainaoje of the A alley of Mexico, at a cost\\nof more than twenty million dollars to the Mexi-\\ncan government.\\nMAXUFACTURIXG IXDUSTEIES.\\nThere is no practical limit to the possibilities of\\nfactory industry, large or small, in almost any\\nbranch and nearly everywhere.\\nThere are more cotton and woolen mills than\\nany other class of factories; and twice the number\\nof looms and spindles could run all the year round\\nprofitably.\\nAll the hides and pelts of the Eepublic might\\nbe tanned and made up into goods at a profit.\\nThere is room for foundries, large and small,\\nas demonstrated by the enormous works at Mon-\\nterey.\\nThere is room for every industry in wood. jMon-\\nterey has a furniture factory that is coining\\nmoney.\\nVera Cruz is probably the best place for iron-\\nworks, because of llie cheap freight on pig iron\\nand coal, and water routes to distribute much of\\nthe products of such industries to the coast coun-\\ntry and the interior points, reached by river.\\nEven Mexico City could be reached cheaper than\\nfrom ]\\\\Ionterey or other border point.\\nTampico might be a better point than Vera\\nCruz for a very large part of the Republic for.\\niron-workinsf inrlustries, as freight would be\\ncheaper and (piickor than from Vera Cruz.\\nThere would certainly be much more economy", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 61\\nin working up material on the coast and shipping\\nthe product to tlie interior than paying freight on\\nmaterial and coal to the interior, and then distrib-\\nute the product at about the same rate of freight\\nas would have to be paid from the coast.\\nOrizaba, in the State of Vera Cruz, or along the\\nriver between there and the low country, would\\nbe a magnificent field for woodworking factories,\\nnot only owing to the close proximity of fine\\nwoods, but also on account of splendid water\\npower, sufficient to run a hundred factories, as\\nthe falls are frequent and stupendous.\\nThe cost of transportation of lumber from the\\ncoast to Orizaba would be nothing compared to\\nthe advantages of water power.\\nThere are grand openings for sugar refineries\\non a large scale, wherever cane grows in paying\\nquantities.\\nFruit canning and preserving have great possi-\\nbilities, and wine making could be made very\\nprofitable, as there is much material, including\\noranges that might be utilized for wine.\\nCanned fruit and preserves could be exported to\\nGermany and other foreign countries in large\\nquantities, while home consumption would require\\na large supply.\\nPapermills that could produce tissue paper,\\nsuitable for fruit packers, and good writing pa-\\nper, would do well.\\nThere are other industries, including fine grades\\nof glass, that could be made profitable. Common\\ngrades of glass and glassware are cheap, there be-\\ning several factories in the country.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nIMPORTAXT CITIES.\\nThe limits of this guide will not admit an elabo-\\nrate sketch of all the interesting little places in\\nMexico. The leading central points will suffice\\nfor all practical purposes.\\nIt will probably be more satisfactory to any one\\nwishing to visit the country, either for business or\\npleasure, to have such places presented systemati-\\ncally, according to the line of transportation by\\nwhich they must be reached.\\nAssuming that this hypothesis is correct, the\\nMexican Central line will be the first introduced.\\nThe Mexican Central Eailway passes through\\nlong stretches of dreary waste and awful, desolate\\ngrandeur valleys of pulverized alkali and barren\\nmountains of cinders and ashes, as if the remains\\nof a world destroyed by fire.\\nThe main line, from El Paso, Texas, to Mexico\\nCity, is twelve hundred and fifty miles long, and\\nthis line and its several branches reach the most\\nimportant centers of the I?epublic.\\nCHIHUAHUA.\\nThis is the capitol city of the State of the same\\nname, and the first place of commercial and manu-\\nfacturing importance. Ciudad Juarez, just across\\nthe Rio Grande from El Paso, is the starting point\\nof the Mexican Central Railway, and the site of\\nthe ^Mexican Custom House, but otherwise of no\\ngreat. importance to Americans as yet.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 63\\nChihuahua is styled The American City, be-\\ncause quite a number of people from the United\\nStates are doing a prosperous business there. It is\\na great stockraising and mineral center. It is the\\ntragic scene, the stage, where Hidalgo, the father\\nof Mexican Independence, was executed by the\\nSpaniards, July 30, 1811. The cathedral, the\\nswimming baths, the chapel of Guadalupe, two\\ncauseways, and an aqueduct, the latter built more\\nthan two hundred years ago, are places of interest\\nto the stranger.\\nChihuahua boasts two smelters, a big iron foun-\\ndry, a cottonseed oil mill, a soap factory, and a.\\nbrewery, and room for other enterprises.\\nSANTA EOS ALIA.\\nHere are the hot springs, said to excel any in\\nthe United States, and sure to cure inflammatory\\nrheumatism, and all blood and skin diseases..\\nOtherwise the place is unimportant.\\nJIMENEZ.\\nThis is the shipping point for the rich silver\\nmines of the Parral and Gtianacevi districts, with\\nwhich Jimenez is connected by daily stage lines..\\nJimenez has some ten thousand inhabitants.\\nESCALON.\\nThis is a small place, but the junction of the\\nMexican Northern Railway, running seventy-eight", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "64 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nmiles east to the great mining district of Sierra\\nMojada, said to be the largest carbonate camps in\\nthe world.\\nLERDO.\\nThis beautiful little city of some twelve thou-\\nsand inhabitants nestles in a district similar to the\\nvalley of the Nile. Eain rarely ever falls. The\\ncountry is irrigated by large canals, watered from\\nthe river Nazas, which overflows twice a year.\\nThe section is called the Lagiina country, and\\nproduces the finest cotton in the Republic, planted\\nonce in seven years. Grapes and other fruits,\\nequal in flavor and quality to the same produc-\\ntions of California, grow in this magic vale, i^at-\\nurally these irrigated lands are not cheap, and\\nthose beyond the margin of the valley will not\\nproduce one blade of grass.\\nZACATECAS.\\nThis is a city of more than ninety thousand in-\\nhabitants, and the capitol of the State of the same\\nname. It is the celebrated silver center of Mexico,\\ndiscovered in September, 1546. In 1818 the out-\\nput of silver had been nearly six hundred and sev-\\nenty million dollars. The mines have since pro-\\nduced, and are still yielding, immense quantities\\nof ore, and late discoveries promise to make Zaca-\\ntecas famous as a gold producing point.\\nThe mint is a wonder and a show. There are\\nother beautiful public buildings and parks, called\\nalamedas and plazas in Spanish.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 65\\nTram cars run out to the splendid cathedral of\\nGuadalupe, which contains some paintings and\\nfrescoes of surprising beauty, said to be emblems\\nof supernatural production. But Guadalupe and\\nher wondrous influence in Mexico will be pre-\\nsented more fittingly in a special feature as a pecu-\\nliar institution of Mexican, character.\\nThe road passes directly over some of the mines,\\nand the train affords a magnificent view of the\\ncity, just as it winds around the mountain side to\\nplunge down into the cultivated valley below.\\nAGUAS CALIENTES.\\nThis is a city of probably fifty thousand inhabi-\\ntants, famous for its hot springs, attractive bath\\nhouses, and healthy climate. The feast of San\\nMarcos, one of the most celebrated and largely at-\\ntended fairs in the Eepublic, is annually held at\\nAguas Calientes in the month of April, when\\nthousands of people from all over Mexico throng\\nthe streets and parks of this old and beautiful\\ncity. Here the beautiful needle drawnwork is\\nmade and brought to the trains for sale at very\\nlow prices. One of the largest silver-copper smelt-\\ning plants in the world is nearing completion here.\\nThis is also the greatest chicken and egg center in\\nthe Republic.\\nAguas Calientes is also the junction of the\\nTampico branch of the Mexican Central Railway,\\nwhich may be sketched now as well as later. This\\nbranch passes through Salinas, important only on\\naccount of its famous salt works.\\nMexico\u00e2\u0080\u0094 5", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "66 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nSAX LUIS POTOSI.\\nThis is a city of eighty thousand or ninety thou-\\nsand inhabitants, on the Tampico brancn, and the\\ncapitol of the State of the same name. It is one\\nof the most important business centers in Mexico,\\nthe principal distributing point for much of the\\nnorthern part of the Eepublic. It is situated in a\\nfertile valley surrounded by mountains teeming\\nwith mineral wealth. This city possesses the most\\nextensive silver-lead reduction works on the\\nAmerican continent, and has inviting room for\\nmany diversified industries and business enter-\\nprises.\\nThe views between San Luis Potosi and Tam-\\npico almost rival those of Switzerland. San Luis\\nPotosi is six thousand one hundred and eighteen\\nfeet above sea level. The plain gradually slopes,\\nby series of terraces cut through ever and anon\\nby canons, for passage of watercourses descending\\nfrom the tableland to the Mexican Gulf. The\\ntrain rapidly glides down through one of these\\nopenings into the wild Ysidro Valley, beneath\\nthe sombre shadows of dark green mountains,\\nwhose sides are draped with the lugubrious foliage\\nof dense forests. Farther on the train descends\\nabruptly into the charming valley of Canoas, and\\nthence plunges into the grand canon of Tamasopo.\\nThrough a succession of curves and tunnel the\\ntrain ^\\\\nnds its serpentine course along shelves\\nhewn in, the sides of almost perpendicular cliffs,\\nand finally reaches the mouth of the canon, where\\na magnificent view unfolds. Far beneath spreads", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "^8 GVIDE TO MEXICO.\\na smiling valley in an emerald circle of towering\\nmountains. Down below twelve hundred feet ap-\\npears, in seeming ripples of undulating waves, like\\na sheet of old ocean lashed into foaming green, a\\nluxuriant tropical forest, studded here and there\\nwith cane fields and groves of tropical fruit. At\\nmany points along the route water plunges over\\nheadlong precipices three hundred feet, and the\\ntrain crosses water two hundred feet below.\\nTAMPICO.\\nThis is a very old town, and now has possibly\\ntwenty thousand inhabitants. It is on the Panuco\\nriver, seven miles from the mouth, and is a port\\nof entry of growing importance. Large ocean\\nsteamers come up to the dock and discharge cor-\\ngoes and passengers, without lighterage or trans-\\nfer. Eegular lines run to Mobile, Xew York and\\nEurope, as well as Havana. It is the only inland\\nport on the gulf of Mexico along the Mexican\\ncoast.\\nEmigrants from the eastern and southern\\nStates should take steamer to Tampico, if going\\nto ^Tonterey, or any point on the Mexican Central\\nEailway or its branches, not farther north than\\nZacatecas, if economy is a question worthy of con-\\nsideration.\\nThere are fine vegetable and fruit lands up, the\\nriver from Tampico, but not always exempt from\\nfrost; It is expected tbat Tampico will ship one\\nhundred carloads of tomatoes to the United States\\nihig year, 1808.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 69\\nThere is a sort of inside rowboat route from\\nTampieo to Tiixpan, the region of wild monkeys\\nand parrots, a genuine tropical country, in the\\nState of Vera Cruz, and a gulf port; but it is time\\nto return to the main line.\\nLAGOS.\\nThis is the first place of note, south of Aguas\\nCalientes, on the main line, a fine manufacturing\\ncity of about forty-five thousand inhabitants, with\\nroom for new industries and enterprises.\\nLEON.\\nThis is a city of some one hundred and ten\\nthousand inhabitants, a great manufacturing cen-\\nter, in a valley of extreme fertility of soil. One\\nindustry is the manufacture of beautiful, soft\\nleather clothing, tastefully embroidered m gold\\nand silver bullion, worn by wealthy people on\\ntheir estates, but going out of date in the cities be-\\nfore the inexorable march of developing progress.\\nSILAO.\\nThis is a rather pretty little city, and important\\nas the headquarters of the Mexican division of the\\nrailway, and the junction of the fifteen-mile\\nbranch to Guanajuato.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "70 GUIDE TO. MEXICO.\\nGUANAJUATO.\\nThis city of some seventy thousand inhabitants\\n-is picturesquely set in a frame of great mountains,\\nin the center of a very rich mining district. It\\ncontains many fine public and private buildings\\nand a branch mint. American enterprise and in-\\ndustry could make room and business here.\\nTEAPUATO.\\nThis is a city of some twenty thousand inhabi-\\ntants and a lucrative business point, with room for\\nAmericans. It is a fair agricultural section; but,\\nlike nearly all parts of Central and Northern Mex-\\nico, the farms, or ranches, as they are called in\\nSpanish, are too large and expensi\\\\^ for small\\nAmerican farmers of moderate means. It is\\nknown as the strawberry market, because there\\nis never a train passes in the whole year, but fresh,\\nripe strawberries are offered for sale to the pas-\\nsengers at twenty-five cents a basket in Mexican\\nsilver.\\nIt is also the junction of the Guadalajara\\nbranch, extenrling west one hundred and sixty-one\\nmiles. This branch line runs through a very rich\\nagricultural country, that grows big crops of\\nwheat, corn, sugar, and as fine oranges as any in\\nthe Republic. The train passes through Penjamo,\\na rustic old city of some ten thousand inhabitants,\\nand thence to La Piedad, with about the same\\nnumber of souls, and no less quaint and ancient.\\nThe next station of importance is La Barca, a city", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "an IDE TO MEXICO. 71\\nof fifteen thousand, and the greatest orange ship-\\nping station in Mexico. It is situated on the Ler-\\nma, the longest river in Mexico, near where it\\nempties into Lake Chapala. Fifty miles west of\\nLa Barca, and fifteen miles before the train arrives\\nat Guadalajara, at the station El Castillo, a\\ntramway leads out to the falls of Juanacatlan, the\\n^Niagara of Mexico. The river plunges headlong\\nover a precipice a hundred feet to the rocks below,\\nmaking a sublime scene of awful grandeur.\\nGUADALAJARA.\\nThis is the capital of the State of Jalisco, with\\na population of one hundred and thirty-five thou-\\nsand, the finest city in Mexico, and second only to\\nthe city of Mexico, in point of inhabitants and\\ncommercial importance. It is well laid out, with\\n.streets running at right angles, exquisitely shaded\\nwith lovely trees, and embellished with the most\\nbeautiful parks, gardens, and public buildings in\\nMexico. The hospital contains twenty-three\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2courts, called patios in Spanish, each a tropical\\ngrove and garden of flowers in itself, with foun-\\ntains and walks. There is a fashionable drive,\\nThe Pasco, laid out along the Eiver San Juan\\nde Dios. This is also a big shipping point for or-\\nanges and a leading manufacturing center, as\\nwell as distributing market for a vast and rich ter-r\\n.Titory. The city is clean and has no beggars. Its\\nschools are of the highest order. The climate is\\ndelightful all the year round, and rainfall boun-\\ntiful, but not entirely exempt from light frosts", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "72 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nonce in a great while. No place under the sun has\\na more promising future for Americans, with large\\nor small means, as population and business ^vill\\nprobably double in the next fifteen years, or less,\\nat the present strides they are making.\\nThe extension of the railway now terminates at\\nAmeca, a booming town of twelve thousand in-\\nhabitants, down in a delightful valley, between\\nGuadalajara and the Pacific Ocean, in the direc-\\ntion of Banderas Bay. The road leads through\\none of the finest agricultural and grazing districts\\nin the country, which stretches away far and wide\\non either side and yet lower down toward the\\ncoast. Corn fields, under crude native methods\\nof cultivation, with as good crops as any in the\\nUnited States, abound in all directions.\\nThe State of Jalisco is a great country in itself,\\nextending from the high tableland region to the\\nPacific coast. It has room for as many American\\nfarmers, large or small, as may care to seek homes\\nin its bounds. But water transportation to the\\nUnited States is far less practical from the Pa-\\ncific than from the Gulf coast of Mexico. But it\\nis time to go back to the main line at Irapuato.\\nSALAMANCA.\\nThis is a thriving manufacturing city, whose\\nstraw and leather goods are celebrated, though a\\nsmall place, the next of importance south of Ira-\\npuato, with room for enterprise and industry.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 73.\\nCELAYA.\\nThis is a city of some eighteen thousand in--\\nhabitants, with extensive cotton and woolen mills,\\nand makes fine confectionery that is famous.\\nAmericans can make room there for new enter-\\nprises and industries.\\nQUERETAEO.\\nThis is the capital of the State of the same-\\nname, and a city of some sixty thousand inhabi-\\ntants, supposed to have been founded by the Az-\\ntecs about the year 1446. It is a manufacturing\\ncenter, and has near it the most extensive cotton\\nmills in the Eepublic. It is also the center of the\\nwonderful opal mines of Mexico, that have been\\nworked for centuries and continue to yield goods\\nof very superior quality. Queretaro is where\\nMaximilian was captured and shot in 1867.\\nTULA.\\nThis small place is noted for its ancient ruins,,\\nbeing one of the oldest places in the Republic,\\nand has a church three hundred years old, with\\nwalls seven feet thick and a tower one hundred\\nand twenty-five feet high. It is unimportant now,\\nexcept as a junction of the Pachuca branch of the\\nrailway.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "74 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nPACHUCA.\\nThis is a city of possibly fifty thousand inhabi-\\ntants, and a mining center with a mint. It was\\nvery prosperous till many of the mines became\\nflooded some two years ago; but they are getting\\nin shape again to resume work. There is nothing\\nthere to tempt Americans beyond mining indus-\\ntries and the employment they afford. There are\\nmany English-speaking people there. But a re-\\nturn to the main line is again in order.\\nThe first scene of interest, south of Tula, is the\\ngreat Nochistongo cut, commenced in 1607 a\\nwork designed by the Spaniards to drain the val-\\nley of Mexico, in which they sacrificed more than\\nthree hundred thousand Indians. The cut is\\nfrom two hundred and eighty to six hundred and\\nthirty feet wide and one hundred and fifty to one\\nhundred and ninety-six feet deep, and of great\\nlength. The dirt was all carried out On the backs\\nof Indians. The great enterprise was worthless,\\nbeing too high to drain the valley.\\nFrom the cut, along the side of which the rail-\\nway was built, the train passes over a low range\\nof hills and enters the great valley of Mexico.\\nThe spires and domes of the capitol of Mexico\\ngleam against a background of eternal snow, the\\nsummits of Popocatepetl and Ixtaccihuatl ascend-\\ning heavenward. It is a sul)lime spectacle.\\nThe valley is in a high state of cultivation,-\\ndotted thickly with numerous small towns,-\\nthrough which the train glides along into its final\\nstation of Buena Vista, a name immortalized in\\nthe Mexican war.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "76 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nCITY OF MEXICO.\\nThis city has probably more than three hundred\\nand seventy-five thousand inhabitants, and is sup-\\nposed to be more than six hundred years old. It\\ncontains one hundred and twenty churches, the\\ngrand cathedral having eighty-five thousand\\nsquare feet of floor space and two towers, each\\ntwo hundred feet high. There are some palatial\\nprivate residences and fine business houses.\\nThere are many Americans, and English is spoken\\nin nearly all stores of any pretensions. American\\nenterprises and industries might make room for\\nthemselves on a large scale, under methods en-\\ntirely different from those now in vogue. Ameri-\\ncans now in business are getting on nicely.\\nEvery schoolboy should know so much about\\nthe City of Mexico that it seems a waste of time\\nand space to dwell longer on its description, which\\nis merely an enlarged photograph of other points^\\nin many respects and features.\\nMEXICAN NATIONAL EAILWAY.\\nThis is the Laredo route, and enters Mexico at\\nNew Laredo, opposite Laredo, Texas. It is two\\nhundred and sixty-five miles, shortest route, to\\nMexico City, but this advantage is largely counter-\\nacted by the fact that it is a narrow-gauge road\\nthat necessitates the transfer of passengers, bag-\\ngage and freight. There is fine scenery on the\\nline, ten thousand feet above the sea level. San\\nLuis Potosi, described already, is also on this", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "QVIDE TO MEXICO. 77\\nline, which leaves but two other commercial cen-\\nters of importance.\\nMONTEEEY.\\nAs already stated, this is a very important\\nmanufacturing city, with large and prosperous\\nAmerican industries, which prove clearly what is\\npossible at many other points.\\nTOLUCA.\\nThis is a beautiful and thriving place, in a fer-\\ntile and productive valley, some six hours run\\nfrom Mexico City. It is a manufacturing center,\\nand has one of the largest breweries in the coun-\\ntry. There are many tributary towns of respect-\\nable size, not on the railway line, that greatly in-\\nirease the trade of Toluca. Nothing tropical\\ngrows there. There should be fine openings for\\nAmericans.\\nThis line also has a new branch from the junc-\\ntion of Acambaro to Patzcuaro, in the hot coun-\\ntry of the State of Michoacan, which passes\\nthrough Morelia, a pretty place. The State of\\nMichoacan is new, as to development inspired by\\nrailway transportation, and has broad acres that\\nwould make desirable American farms and graz-\\ning lands.\\nINTERNATIONAL RAILWAY.\\nThis is the Eagle Pass route, that enters Mexico\\nat Ciudad Diaz, joining the Mexican Central at", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "7S GUIDE- W MEXICO.\\nTorreon. The Ijne fs located in northern Mexico\\nand the high tablehmd country of central Mexico,\\nnot of much interest to the average American\\nfarmer, and offers no great show for merchants\\nand manufacturers. It passes Sabinas, Monclova\\nand Trevino, all points of some importance and\\npromise.\\nTHE MONTEEEY MEXICAN GULF EAIL-\\nWAY.\\nThis line connects Tampico with Monterey, and\\nis three hundred and eighty-nine jniles long. It\\npasses Victoria and Linares, an orange belt that\\nwas badly damaged by frost when Florida was\\nfrozen out. Otherwise, it is not of much interest\\nto Americans, unless they wish to go from Tam-\\npico to Monterey.\\nTHE MEXICO, CrEEXAYACA PACIFIC\\nEAILWAY.\\nThis line is in course of construction, to connect\\nMexico City with the Pacific coast at Acapulco,\\nnearly one hundred miles being complete and in\\noperation. It starts from the City of ^lexico, and\\nascends two thousand five hundred feet, almost in\\nsiglit of the city, from which elevation it descends\\nfive, thousand feet in a short distance to Cuerna-\\nvaca, where Cortez built a palace. At Ciicrna-\\nvaca and thence onward, for a long distance, in\\nthe direction of the coast, is fine farm and fruit", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 79\\nand grazing lands. The line will be of great im-\\nportance to the commerce of the City of Mexico,\\nas the only quick and direct connection with the\\nPacific Ocean.\\nTHE HIDALGO NORTHEx^STER^ RAIL-\\nWAY.\\nThis is a narrow-gauge line, in course of con-\\nstruction from the City of Mexico to Tuxpan, a\\nport on the Gulf of Mexico. The main line is in\\noperation one hundred and forty miles, to the city\\nof Tulancingo, in the State of Puebla, and a\\nbranch to Pachuca is also in operation. Thus far,\\nit has not passed the high tableland country, and\\nhence, has little interest for Americans.\\nTHE MEXICAN SOUTHERN RAILWAY.\\nThis is an inland narrow-gauge line, three hun-\\ndred and fifty mile s long, connecting the cities of\\nPuebla and Oaxaca. descending from a high to a\\nIaw, hot land. It is not specially interesting to\\nAmericans seeking: Mexican homes.\\nTHE NATIONAL ISTHMUS OF TEHUANTE-\\nPEC RAILWAY.\\nThis line, built, owned and operated by the\\nMexican Government, is one hundred and ninety\\nmiles long, and leads from Coatzacoalcos, on the\\nGulf of Mexico, to Salina Cruz, on the Pacific\\nOcean. The gulf port would be the proper place", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "so GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nto land from steamers, should anyone leave the\\nUnited States by water, to go to the Isthmus of\\nTehuantepec. The Coatzacoalcos river also emp-\\nties into the gulf at the same point. As already\\nstated, the isthmus is a very rich section of the\\ncountry, of much interest to Americans, many of\\nwhom are settling at San Juan Evanjalista and\\nother points, reached from Coatzacoalcos.\\nMEXICAN RAILWAY.\\nThis line leads from Vera Cruz to the City of\\nMexico, and has branches to Pachuca and Puebla,\\nmaking, in all, some three hundred and fifty miles\\nof the finest track in the Republic, having. iron\\ncross ties. It is the oldest road in Mexico. Two\\ncompanies failed while trying to build it, and an\\nEnglish company now owns it. Masterful en-\\ngineering skill was required to climb the moun-\\ntain more than eight thousand feet in a hundred\\nmiles, from Vera Cruz to Esperanza. The ascent\\nis in a much shorter distance, as the country is\\nnearly level some forty miles out from Vera Cruz.\\nVERA CRUZ.\\nThis is a city of the gulf, of some forty thou-\\nsand inhabitants, where Cortez landed and burned\\nhis ships. It is where Americans who come to\\nthe. Vera Cruz district by water would land. Fifty\\nmiles out at sea, in the early morning watch, while\\nall is yet dark where rolls the ocean wave, the\\nfirst glint of a sunbeam may be seen, up yonder,", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 81\\nmore than seventeen thousand feet high and a\\nhundred and twenty miles away, bathing and\\ntransfusing into gold and jasper the thousand\\nyears of snow that crowns Orizaba mountain.\\nThere once glowed volcanic fires up there where\\neternal winter now wields the sway, fires so fierce\\nand powerful that they hurled huge rocks and lava\\nto the coast, more than fifty miles. But this was\\nin an age long dead, who can tell how ancient?\\nThe commercial and industrial advantages of\\nA^era Cruz have been outlined and cannot be over-\\ndrawn. Americans there and at interior points,\\nworking in harmony, can make for themselves and\\nthe Republic of their adoption the New York of\\nMexico. People, money and energy will do the\\ntransformation act in time incredibly short. The\\nMexicans are doing their best, but they have not\\nmen and money enough to develop such a com-\\nbination of resources as rapidly as the destiny of\\ntheir great country demands.\\nThe Mexican Eailway leads out from Vera Cruz,\\nthrough a broad belt of low country, little used\\nfor any purpose but grazing, though it produces\\nfine corn and other crops, where odd patches are\\noccasionally planted.\\nSome forty miles up the line the outskirts of\\nthe coffee belt is reached. For two or three sta-\\ntions the country is too rugged to be desirable for\\nsettlements, though both coffee and fruits grow\\nnicely. A little beyond the station of Paso del\\nMacho the wild and gorgeous scenery of the tropi-\\ncal mountains shadows forth to view, though less\\ngrand and terrible than some distance farther up.\\nMexico\u00e2\u0080\u0094 6", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "82 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nCOEDOBA.\\nThis old town has something less than twenty\\nthousand inhabitants, but its name is familiar in\\nall the coffee markets of the world. It is the cen-\\nter of some of the oldest and largest plantations in\\nthe country, as well as numerous thriving villages,\\nwhose people have grown rich in a few years from\\nthe proceeds of their coffee. Unfortunately for\\nthe town, it has been scourged by yellow fever\\nabout once in ten years, though in the mountains,\\nnearly three thousand feet above Vera Cruz. It\\nis one of the finest orange sections in the Repub-\\nlic, and grows pineapples prolifically, equal to\\nthose of Cuba, though much better keepers. The\\ncountry teems with otlier tropical fruits, in all\\ndirections.\\nThe junction is here of a railway, partly built,\\nthat was meant to penetrate the finest sugar and\\ntobacco section of the Republic, much of which is\\nyet remote from transportation.\\nORIZABA.\\nThis quaint old city and its manufacturing\\nsuburbs have possibly sixty thousand inhabitants.\\nIt is destined to become the Manchester of Mexico,\\nbecause of the many factories it has that are now\\nin course of construction and projected for the\\nnear future. It is also a fine orange center, and\\nin the cream of the coffee belt.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Coffee Ranch Orizaba Valley.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "84 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nMAL TRATA.\\nTills is a small station, the second above Ori-\\nzaba, but entirely out of the coffee belt, where\\nany fruits of the United S.tates grow to fine per-\\nfection. From Mai Trata to the summit of the\\nmountain there is no scenery anywhere to be seen\\nfrom a railway train of more startling grandeur.\\nAPAZACO.\\nThis old city, the same as others between the\\nsummit of the mountain and the City of Mexico,\\nhas very little to interest home-seeking Americans.\\nIt contains a orlass factory, and is the junction of\\nthe Puebla branch of the Mexican Eailway.\\nPUEBLA.\\nThis is a large city, the capitol of the State of\\nthe same name, and the center of a fine wheat and\\ncorn-growing district. It is also a manufacturing\\ncity, and has a brewery.\\nINTEROCEAXIC RAILWAY.\\nThis narrow-gauge line leads from Vera Cruz\\nto the City of ^lexico, through Puebla and other\\npoints reached by the Mexican Railway.\\nJALAPA.\\nThis is a mountain city, the capitol of the State\\nof Vera Cruz, in a coffee and fruit center, much", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. \u00c2\u00a75\\nthe same as Cordoba and Orizaba, and has inter-\\nesting tributary towns. This line has also a\\nbranch road leading down into the State of\\nMorelos from Mexico City to Puente de Ixtla, a\\nfine fruit country, where oranges are wormy.\\nThe oranges from Yautepec, on this branch, have\\ncaused the impression that Mexican oranges are\\ngenerally wormy, which is erroneous.\\nALVEEADO EAILWAY.\\nThis is a short narrow-gauge line, leading from\\nVera Cruz to Alverado, the mouth of the San\\nJuan river, from which point steamers run daily\\nto Tlacotalpam, where the three branches of the\\nTiver unite, as already descrilDed. This is the\\nroute settlers would take from Vera Cruz to reach\\nthe San Juan river country.\\nAlverado is the finest fishing point on the coast,\\nas it is a short distance inland from the bar, and,\\nhence, protected from violent gulf storms that\\noften render fishing impossible near Vera Cruz.\\nThe great red snapper fishing banks are some dis-\\ntance nearer Alverado than Vera Cruz. Hence,\\nall Alverado needs to take the fishing industry\\naway from Vera Cruz is suitable transportation\\narrangements and an ice factory and cold storage\\nplant to prepare them for shipment to the in-\\nterior. The business is handled barbarously at\\nVera Cruz, and the fish shipped to the City of\\nMexico in bulk, in hot box-cars, with some broken\\nice thrown on them when they start. Naturally,\\nthey never have fish of the flavor that proper care^", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "gg GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nwould carry shipments from Vera Cruz to the\\nCity of Mexico, and thence to interior markets.\\nFEONTEEA.\\nThis city is the port where one would land if\\ngoing to the State of Tabasco. It is situated at\\nthe moutli of Grifalea river, that flows down by\\nSan Juan Bautista, the capitol of the State of\\nTabasco. As already stated, the banks of this\\nriver would make as fine banana plantations as\\nany anywhere, and sugar, rubber and other tropi-\\ncal crops not excelled anywhere.\\nThe Pacific coast country is not accessible to\\nAmerican settlement, and will not be soon, except\\nfrom the California coast of the United States,\\nand, hence, need not be considered now. There\\nis a very long stretch of fine country along the\\nPacific coast, where cheap homes may be secured;\\nbut the only practical way to get there would be\\nby sea from San Francisco or San Diego, Cali-\\nfornia. The long rail route, after transportation\\nby sea, would make the shipment of perishable\\nproducts out of the question. The National\\nTehuaniepec Eailway is a practical connection;\\nand the ^Icxico, Cuernavaca Pacific Eailway\\nwill be another, some day. The soil, the produc-\\ntions and the climate of the Pacific coast country\\nare much the same as the Vera Cruz district con-\\ntains. But tliere is room for desirable homes for\\nall the settlers likely to go from the United States\\nto Mexico in a generation, far more accessible than\\nthe remote Pncific coast, with ])ractical channels\\nof direct communication.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 87\\nHOW TO GO.\\nIf one wishes to go all rail, by Mexican Cen-\\ntral Eailway, the El Paso route, the Santa Fe\\nroute and connections, to United States points,\\nwill give excursion or emigrate rates to any point\\nin Mexico. Ask your ticket agent for rate, be-\\nfore ready to start, and he will send and get the\\nspecial rate, if he should not have it.\\nThe Southern Pacific Eailway and connections\\nwill do the same, by the Eagle Pass route.\\nThe Missouri Pacific, Iron Mountain South-\\nern Eailways and connections will do the same,\\n1)y the Laredo route; while The International\\n(ireat jSTorthern Eailway and connections also\\nreach the Laredo route.\\nIf the water trip from New York or the South\\nshould be preferable, James E. Ward Co., x^o.\\n113 Wall street, New York, agents New York\\nCuba Mail Steam Ship Co., will give rate and sail-\\ning dates from New York, New Orleans and Mo-\\nbile, to Tampico, Tuxpan, Vera Cruz, Coatzacoal-\\ncos and Frontera, Mexico; and agents Mexican\\nGulf Steamship Co., at New Orleans and ]\\\\Iobile,\\nwill do the same, as also the agent of Atlantic\\nMexican Gulf Steamship Co., at Mobile, for pas-\\nsage from New Orleans or Mobile to points in\\nMexico, named above. The same agents can sell\\nthrough tickets to all interior points in Mexico,\\nwhich are the better to buy, at the start. Such\\nthrough passages may be arranged cheaply, es-\\npecially if several persons are going together.\\nThere are excursion, as well as emigrant rates,", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "88 GviDE TO Mexico:\\nthe latter very miicli cheaper than the former.\\nIf a poor family wishes to economize, the emigrant\\npassage will do nicely and prove much more com-\\nfortable and convenient than second-class rail pas-\\nsage.\\nThe same agents will name the weight of hag-\\ngage that may go free, and the rate of freight on\\nany excess, if so requested. All these details\\nshould be arranged before leaving home, as both\\nmoney, delay and annoyance, on the way, will thus\\nbe avoided.\\nIt will probably be necessary to buy local tick-\\nets from starting point to New York, New Or-\\nleans or Mobile, as the case may be.\\nWest of Chicago and St. Louis, the all-rail route\\nwill be more desirable than rail and water, while\\neast of those points rail and water will be cheaper\\nand better for families than all rail. If the pas-\\nsage by rail is less to New York than to New\\nOrleans or Mobile, that would be the route to\\ntake, if cheapness is an object. The passage by\\nsteamer will be about the same from all points of\\nsailing not very much more from New York\\nthan from southern points, and the time not much\\nlonger, except to Tampico, which is direct and\\nquick from New Orleans or Mobile, but to Vera\\nCruz and other gulf ports of Mexico not much\\nquicker than from New York.\\nOnce landed in Mexico, and at the point se-\\nlected, some merchant or other person can be\\nfound, without much trouble, who will direct one\\nto the most desirable locality for a home. An\\nAmerican, or some Mexican who speaks English,", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 89\\ncan -Qsually be found. Steamship agents are\\nusually well posted. This applies to farmers and\\nstoekraisers. As to persons desiring to establish\\nbusiness or factories, it would be well to keep their\\nown counsels while making some observations and\\ninvestigations, or, at least, not seek information\\nat the start from persons in the same line of busi-\\nness contemplated.\\nFarmers would do well to keep out of the hand\\nof land companies, unless such land is found in\\nthe section selected to be more desirable than any\\nother. Many people in the land business have as-\\ngood property as any in the Republic, and in the\\nmost desirable sections, while others have neither;,\\nand these are the dealers who are likely to mislead\\nsettlers. Get all the information from land deal-\\ners and anyone else you possibly can; examine\\neverything with personal care, and then use your\\nown practical judgment. In this way there will\\nbe little danger of going far astray.\\nPersons who go to seek employment without\\nany previous arrangement will have to take about\\nthe same course they would in a strange place in\\nthe United Stat(!s. Their only practical show\\nwill be in the manufacturing, mining and com-\\nmercial centers, or with the railway companies.\\nAll the railways have their headquarters in the\\nCity of Mexico. The leading commercial, manu-\\nfacturing, and mining points have been named,,\\nand the best route to reach them given. But do\\nnot go unless you are competent and qualified, ta\\ndo Mexican work, without an engagement. If\\nyou can speak and write Spanish fairly well, and", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "90 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nimtlerstand the work you wish to do, yon would\\nnot be long idle at any place where there is much\\nto do, even were you to go blindly, with no en-\\ngagement. Yet above all else master the Spanish\\nbefore yon start.\\nSILVER.\\nThe writer is an exporter and has a big plant\\nin the Eepublic, witli no other class of business\\ntlian that of preparing Mexican products for\\nmarket, and shipping them to the United States.\\nFrom a self-interested point of view, the silver\\ncurrency of Mexico is the best financial system in\\nthe world, and the cheaper the silver the better\\ntlie inducement to do business. Many products\\nof Mexico, suitable for export, are converted into\\ngold at their cost in silver.\\nTo illustrate: In 189G, when the price of gold\\nranged between eighty-five per cent and ninety-\\nfive per cent premium, before the passage of tlie\\nDingley Bill, we jiaid seven dollars to eight dol-\\nlars, silver, for an article, that we bought in 189T,\\nafter the Diugley law went into effect, at from\\nfour dollars and fifty cents to six dollars, silver,\\nwhen the ))remium on gold ranged from one dollar\\nand twenty cents to one dollar and forty cents per\\ndollar, and the price of the product was twenty-\\nfive per cent higher in the United States, in conse-\\nquence of the new tariff, than in 1890. The busi-\\nness was demoralized for some time, at the start of\\nthe Dingley law, aiul there were few buyers, and\\nno show to move much of the crop. This lowered\\nprices in Mexico, though the aying medium was\\nworth less gold than in any jirevious season.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "^A,-: J\\nYear-Old Banana\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Frontera, Tabasco.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "92 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nThis is true, in a greater or less degree, as to\\nmost exportable products of the country. They\\nare bought, without exception, for silver, and sold\\nfor gold. Hence, exporters are not trying to get\\nthe gold standard in Mexico.\\nAll home products consumed in the Eepublic\\nare bought of producers and sold to consumers\\nfor silver. Eailway passage and freight, in Mex-\\nico, are in silver. Wages are paid in silver.\\nLocal prices of native commodities and prices of\\nlabor do not change with the rise and fall of sil-\\nver. The medium and poor classes use very little\\nvalue of foreign goods. The rich and dressy peo-\\nple only know that silver is cheap when they go\\nto buy luxuries, and the importer knows it when\\nhe goes to buy foreign exchange, to pay for the\\ngoods that he must sell for cheap silver.\\nFor practical purposes, among the masses, a\\ncheap silver dollar goes about as far in Mexico as\\na gold dollar in the Fnited States.\\nBut, how long is this going to last? It would\\nnot work at all in the United States, where labor\\norganizations are ready to strike at any moment,\\nfor less cause than paying them in dollars worth\\nless than fifty cents. In Mexico there are no\\nunions of labor and no strikes. It is a matter of\\nno consequence to the poor what the rich have\\nto pay for luxuries. The majority of the people\\ndo not even know that silver is depreciated, for\\nthe reason that they never see any other money,\\nand that a dollar always buys about the same\\nquantity of the necessaries of life, unless the ex-\\ntreme shortness of some staple crop raises prices;", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 93\\nand even then the money is not blamed. The\\nMexican masses are very docile and very patient.\\nIf idle they do not make any disturbance.\\nBnt all this is no valid argument that Mexico\\nand her people are better off with dollars now\\nworth forty-five cents in the United States than\\nthey would be with a currency at par. Certainly,\\nthe exporter would lose much of his big profit,\\nand the producer would have more money to\\nspend, compared with present foreign standards.\\nThe people are better off now than they were\\nwhen their dollars were at a premium in foreign\\nmarkets, some twenty-five years ago, and even\\nsince, yet it were absurd to assume that the de-\\ncline in silver improved their condition. Little\\nmore than twenty years have passed since the\\ntime when there were no railways nor factories\\nin the country, and when the devastation of civil\\nwar blurred the face of every section of the Ee-\\npublic. The people were reduced to conditions of\\npitiful distress, and sheer want, in many commu-\\nnities of Mexico.\\nPeace, plenty of labor and the general pros-\\nperity that railways, factories and the export of\\nproducts have created, have ameliorated the hard\\nlot of the poor, while the purchasing power of\\ntheir dollar was steadily decreasing abroad. It\\nAvere idiotic to assert that they would not be as\\nwell off as they are now had their money re-\\nmained at a premium, or even at par.\\nThere are certain irresistible radical forces at\\nwork to change the financial status of Mexico.\\nWhat are they? Education and the progressive", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "94 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nlight that it kindles. The 3 oimg generation of\\nMexicans will be bright and w.ell posted, and wide\\nawake to the vital interest of individuals, com-\\nmnnities, States and the Eepublic. When the\\nPresident of the Republic stands up and publicly\\ndistributes the school rewards to hundreds of\\nchildren, rich, middle class and poor, indiscrim-\\ninatel}^ the education of the masses receives an\\nimpetus sure to develop a high grade of popular\\nintelligence.\\nAll the foreo:oino; causes seem to be evolutioniz-\\ning the people, as very many parents, abundantly\\nimbued with a copper hue of complexion, have\\nblond, blue-eyed children. This fact is notice-\\nable, in some degree, in all sections of the Ee-\\npublic.\\nThe rising generation of Mexicans will not be\\nbehind the people of the United States in pro-\\ngressive ideas end institutions, and will not be\\nsatisfied with a depreciated currency, nor with the\\nstranger doing the business of the country. ^lex-\\nicans, even the most stupid of the old peon class,\\nlearn any class of skilled labor very quickly, aud\\nare apt pupils in learning such other tricks of the\\nstranger as anyone tries to teach them. The new\\ngeneration will need no teachers. Tlie young\\nMexicans will have caught the progressive vim of\\nthe Yankee without imbibino: his ruinous political\\npropensities, and hence, be able to cope with\\nfinancial problems thnt threnten to wreck the free\\ninstitutions of the Ignited States.\\nFor these reasons the Mexican dolhir will prob-\\nably be at par, or nearly so, with tlie money of", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 95\\nother countries, within the next ten years. Even\\nthe men of this day are waking up out of the\\nlethargy that has been the curse of Mexico for\\nages. They see what the stranger is doing in\\ntheir country, and many of them are beginning to\\nimitate and follow his methods.\\nThe reader now has a fair general idea of Mex-\\nico, as concisely as so large and varied a question\\nmay be presented, sufficient, it is hoped, to lead\\nhim to intelligent conclusions. All that has been\\nsaid has been without the bias of partiality,\\nasserted without fear, favor or affection, under\\nthe conviction that the people of the United\\nStates have never had full information about Mex-\\nico, and how to go there. ISTo railway company,\\nland company, government nor private party has\\ncontributed toward the cost of this production,\\nnor has one sentence been written with a design\\nto benefit anyone beyond the actual merits of the\\nline named or the interest indicated. The inter-\\nest of prospective settlers has been the actuating\\nmotive throughout, and under no other state of\\ncircumstances could a fair, honest guide be writ-\\nten one that would not mislead by its omissions\\nof interesting features, while its selfish statements\\nmight not be too highly colored.\\nRead a cartload of all the railroad and land\\ncompany literature, that is poised as finger boards\\nto Mexico, that is given away so profusely that\\nrag pickers o^lean it from ticket offices, in their\\nrounds, after reading this, and decide which gives\\ninformation most practical and serviceable to ona\\nwishing to visit Mexico for any reason.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "2Q GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nBefore concluding, it seems opportune and ap-\\npropriate to give some little outlines of predomin-\\nating characteristics of the Mexican people,\\nwherein the line of demarcation differs widely\\nfrom what prevails in the United States; and. es-\\npecially, as already promised, some account of the\\ninflexible faith in their Virgin, Guadalupe. Their\\nfeast days, called holidays, in English, make a\\nvery strong feature in the Mexican life. And\\ntheir religious loyalty is a marvel of mysteries,\\nsuperficially viewed, when one remembers whence\\ncame the faith to which they pay homage; and\\nthe bitter antipathy they cherished for so many\\ndark and weary ages, for their conquerers, makes\\nit appear yet more extraordinary that any insti-\\ntution that came from Spain should now be an\\nobject of reverence, among the liberated masses,\\nwho yet hate Spain and Spaniards as cordially as\\ntheir ancestors detested them, in days of the most\\ngalling slavery Mexicans ever endured. But,\\nthere is perhaps one explanation, and only one,\\nfound in the name Guadalupe.\\nChristmas will be the first festive scene pre-\\nsented, which may serve as a passing relaxation\\nfrom the prosy monotony of practical things.\\nCHRISTMAS IX MEXICO.\\nChristmas in Mexico would be a wonder and a\\nshow to Americans who never passed the holidays\\nin a Spanish-American country.\\nReflect one passing moment on the stage of the\\nscene about to shadow forth, and try to imagine", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 97\\nwhat you cannot see and what none can ever\\nknow.\\nHere we are on the classic strand of the Mexi-\\ncan Gulf, whose sleepless tide chants the plaintive\\nlullaby that was old a hundred thousand years ago.\\nThe shore is the border of a land whose deep, un-\\ntold mystery has, perchance, no rivaling history\\nbeneath the starry marvels of the sky. Euins of\\ndateless cities, older than any accorded a place in\\nthe page of remotest chronicles, attest that Mexico\\nwas older than Babylon is today, long ages before\\nthe Aztec race ever roamed over her mystic vales.\\nThis is no idle dream. Let those who doubt\\ncome and see the proof.\\nBut it was of Christmas, in this strange land of\\npeculiar people, that we were to debate.\\nYet, pause one fleeting moment and contem-\\nplate the people who dwell from mountain peak\\nto ocean wave. Where was the natal shore of the\\nblood that came not from Spain? Who were the\\npeople who perished ere the Aztec came, or were\\nexterminated by his race? Both they and he had\\ntheir gods and temples more grand and massive\\nthan those Rome has built on their nameless\\nruins sites that hence yet appear more divinely\\ndesolate than they would with no shrines above\\ntheir silent tombs. Why did they all die and\\nleave no pictured page nor fairy legend to tell\\ntheir pathetic story? Nothing remains but\\nburied cities and voiceless shrines to tell you what\\nwas and is not, save something vague and shad-\\nowy in the restless, dreamy eye of sorrow that\\nMexico\u00e2\u0080\u0094 7", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "98 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nlooks upon you in every walk of life, and seems to\\nbear a speechless record of the distant past.\\nBut, now there appears a dash of Spanish blood\\nin almost every Aztec vein. There is scarcely one\\nclear-blooded native in a thousand.\\nAnd like their blood, their gods and temples\\nhave been changed, and such a change. Eome\\nand the cross have triumphed over all besides.\\nBut they have their Christmas, a gay and fes-\\ntive one, free from care and sorrow, a more merry\\nChristmas than the freer and more favored chil-\\ndren of the United States ever enjoy. Come and\\nsee them in the gloaming of a tropic eve that dies\\nwithout a twilight, tripping light-heartedly from\\nshop to shop, bent on missions of love and duty.\\nThis is on your Christmas eve, their noche\\nbueno, as it is called in Spanish.\\nThere are hasty calls and reunions of friends\\nand families, through all the early hours of the\\nnight. The streets, the shops and the dwellings\\nare brightly illuminated and fantastically decor-\\nated.\\nAt length the weird midnight spreads a brood-\\ning, flapless wing over the mirthful scene; but\\nthe merry revelers heed it not, as the deep-toned\\nbells that proclaim the phantom hour, that is sa\\nsolemn and still in other lands, knell the incep-\\ntion of the feast. All the world is then sum-\\nmoned to the table to partake of the Christmas\\ndinner the people of the United States eat at noon\\nChristmas day. There is notliing solemn nor sad\\nin all Mexico. The lights are not permitted to\\nburn blue, as they arc said to burn at midnight", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "100 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nin other climes. The slave is free, the poor are\\nrich, and earth is heaven for a little season.\\nFor an hour or more the tables hold f casters\\nspell hound, not only by exquisitely tempting\\ndishes and delicately flavored wines, but by witch-\\ning conversation, for which the Spanish tongue is\\nunsurpassed by other language of the earth.\\nSleep is not on the bill of fare. Little children\\nare not drowsy. The festal dinner is but the\\nbeginning of raptures of the night. From the\\ntables there is a rush for the ball rooms. All is\\nlife and joy. The air is rife with perfume and\\nresonant with divinest music. Eare evergreens\\nand matchless flowers are everywhere.\\nMexican dances are slow and languid, but full\\nof majestic motion, and rapturous beyond any\\nother episode of life among young people of the\\nEepublic, as the beau and the sweetheart are\\npaired in ever}^ set. At no other time is there\\never close communion among young lovers, except\\nin the blissful dance. They never go alone to\\ntheatre, nor church, nor for a walk nor a drive,\\nnor is the beau admitted to the liome of the girl.\\nIt is an extraordinary event if she sees him in her\\nhouse. She must receive him through a grated\\nwindow, like a fairy prisoner, while he stands in\\nthe street outside her home, in sunshine or rain.\\nIf he is not at his post once in twenty-four hours,\\nhe is by no means a devoted lover. This goes on\\nfor years and years, when the young man is not\\nable to make a home and ju ovide for a wife. The\\ngirl receives the attention of no other man. This\\nsocial law is as inexorable as that of the Medes\\nand Persians.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 101\\nThe Mexican girl is as attractive in the ball\\nroom as the dark-eyed maids of Spain, about\\nwhom poets have ever raved. It is very rare to\\nsee one perfectly homely, without some redeeming\\ntrait of beauty. The hair and eye are sure to be\\nluxuriant and winning, no matter how ugly the\\nfeatures.\\nThere are three types; the clear-blooded Cas-\\ntilian, the offspring of Spanish parentage, that\\nnever mingled with the native race; three-quarters\\nor more of the same Spanish blood, lightly tinged\\nwith that of the yelloAV tribes; and three-quarters^\\nmore or less, of Aztec blood, gently modified by\\npure infusion from proud Spanish veins. Some\\nof the maids of this last t) pe are very beautiful,\\nthe copper color of their race being toned to a\\ndeep brunette, with long, glossy, black hair and\\nthe soft, dreamy, dark eyes of Andalusia. Some\\nfew of the other types are as beautiful as any\\nwomen on the earth, and most of their less for-\\ntunate sisters are not without winning character-\\nistics.\\nSuch are the components of the upper walks of\\nlife. The second class contains the same ele-\\nments of blood, but possesses less of the material\\nthings of earth, which puts its members below the\\nsocial cream.\\nBeneath all comes the poor peon, the bone and\\nsinew of Mexico, the slave of Montezuma, of the\\nSpaniard subsequently, and of the class that holds\\nthe lands and other substance of the country to-\\nday, though often with the same blood throbbing\\nin lowly veins that pulsates in the upper walks of", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "202 GVIDE TO MEXICO.\\nlife. He^ too, has his midnight dinner and dance,\\ntruly more humble than those of his master, yet\\nno less real and impressive. While he has his\\nfowl he is content with pulque, the national bever-\\nage or rum, the cheap intoxicant of Mexico, in-\\nstead of wine.\\nEarly mass in the cathedrals is a grand feature\\nof Christmas morning in Mexico, and everybody\\ngoes to church some time during the day.\\nThe decoration of the churches would be incon-\\nceivable among people of frosty countries, where\\nit would be almost impossible to have such a dis-\\nplay of flowers on Christmas day as render the\\nchurches of Mexico beautiful beyond description.\\nSuch exquisite flowers are the free-will offerings of\\nthe lady members of the churches, plucked from\\ntheir own gardens, without money and without\\nprice.\\nTHE BULL FIGHT.\\nThis may appear to the average American as a\\npeculiar feature .of Christmas devotion, following\\nthe beautiful and impressive services held in all\\nthe churches, previous to the hour of admittance\\nto the bull ring. People of all classes go. The\\nsport is an ancient one, that came from Spain to\\nstay while Spanish blood flows in Mexican veins.\\nWhether it ever had the approval of the Church,\\nwho can tell? It certainly never had the inter-\\ndiction of the Church, which has nearly always\\nhad the power to have stopped in Spain anything\\nobnoxious to its will. The exhibition of this\\nspectacle often takes place on Sunday, and on the", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 103\\nyet more sacred holidays. On some occasions, in\\nMexico City and other large places, twenty-five\\ndollars, and even fifty dollars are paid for the\\nmore desirable seats, and as much as five dollars\\nfor standing room in sun or rain, as the case may\\nhe, so long as there is an opportunity to see the\\narena of blood. This is proof positive of the\\npopular interest in the bull fight, possibly too\\npowerful for the law and gospel of this age.\\nThe bulls are bred of peculiar stock, and wild\\nas beasts of prey. Fortunes have been made in\\nthis industry. Many of the best animals are jet\\nblack, and as fine specimens as eye ever saw,\\nmajestically bold and terrible, in appearance, as\\nthe ferocious lions of the bloody circus of ancient\\nRome.\\nThis noble animal is confined in a narrow stall,\\nwith a door that opens into the arena, so that\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0when opened he sees at once a chance to gain his\\nlost liberty, for which he makes a frantic, joyful\\nplunge. What a cruel deception. His stately\\nhead erect, his proud nostrils distended, his\\ngrand eyes fiashing defiance, he dashes forth to\\nthe view of an expectant, impatient audience, with\\nmore precipitate action than the rising curtain\\never discloses the culminating scene of a dread\\ntragedy on the stage. He is greeted by the wild\\nhuzzas of thronging thousands, the gorgeous ap-\\nparel and waving handkerchiefs of the frenzied\\nmultitude. This is all new to his unprepared\\nnature. If he has thinking faculties and takes\\ntime to reflect, he imagines he has been suddenly\\nhiurled headlong into pandemonium. But the", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "204 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\ntumult is in the seats above him. He knows from\\ninstinct or intuition that the people up there are\\nnot barriers in his way, and he rushes madly for\\nfreedom on his own level.\\nLo! he quickly beholds that he is surrounded\\nby impassable walls and menaced by horsemen,\\nthe same foes, apparently, who deprived him of his\\nliberty and forced him, a captive, from his native\\nmountain to his narrow prison of the moment.\\nUnawed he dashes into the combat, so unequal as\\nto make his courage more admirable than any\\nhuman bravery. He disdains his adversaries, and\\nseeks neither liberty nor escape from their on-\\nslaughts. Danger is an unknown factor to his\\ngallantry.\\nAt the first daring bound horse and rider go\\ndown before him as if struck by an engine in a\\ncareer of sixty miles an hour. The horse is fin-\\nished, and the rider lands sprawling flat on the\\nground. His bullship promptly disengages his\\nhorns from the body of the horse, and is ready\\nto make quick work of the imperiled rider. But\\na goad pricks him from behind. Like an athlete\\nhe turns to face his new assailant, while the most\\nfrantic shouts of delight ring, again and again,\\nfrom above. In an instant the second horse and\\nrider are in the predicament of the first, the peril\\nof the rider being yet more desperate, ere rescue\\nturns the brave animal in an other direction.\\nFaster and more furious the valiant animal now\\nwages the combat, his body bathed in his own\\nblood and that of the horses he has slain. Tn\\nquick succession two more horses go down before", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 105\\nhis impetuosity. The excitement among the\\nspectators is vociferous and almost without\\nhounds. The suspense becomes appalling, as the\\nhull begins to gain, more and more, in the com-\\npetitive race for the championship.\\nAt length he becomes indifferent to the attacks\\nto turn him from the finish of his human prey.\\nThe fifth horse goes down. The bull frees his\\nhorns from the writhing flesh, just as the rider\\nstruggles to his feet, near the wall. With a\\nquickness, almost rivaling the agile spring of the\\npanther, before the other bull fighters in the ring\\nor the audience above realize what is passing, or\\nhow it was done, the bull is seen starting on a\\nwild career around the ring with the unhorsed\\nfighter pinioned on his horns, which have passed\\nthrough the center of the body.\\nThe climax of human tragedy is reached. Us-\\nually horses and bulls alone perish, men rarely.\\nOnce in a great while an extraordinary show cul-\\nminates as a parting soul wings its way from the\\nawful scene.\\nThe other fighters and the spectators are dis-\\nmayed, but not so the bull. It is certain that the\\nvictim is lost, beyond help or hope. The bull,\\nmust be killed. There is no other alternative.\\nMinutes seem ages. The bull appears the only\\nbeing perfectly reconciled with this trying feat-\\nure of the show.\\nQuickly the other bull fighters recover from\\ntheir startling surprise and regain their confused\\npresence of mind. But they fail to dispatch the\\nbull or check his reckless speed at once. A", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "106 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\ndozen frightful wounds do not arrest him, till at\\nlast he falls, exhausted by the loss of blood. The\\nfighter is gently released from the horns of the\\nnow impotent monarch of his absent herd, who\\nhas perished dumbly brave and all alone in the\\nmidst of so many human foes. The vanquished\\nanimal gasps out his last expiring breath into the\\nrigid face of his antagonist, cold and stark in the\\nicy embrace of death. It is nearly nineteen hun-\\ndred years since Calvary, yet Christmas has an-\\nother human sacrifice to a rite whose origin and\\nobject none seems to know nor care, unless it\\nstarted as it yet exists, to satiate a craving to see\\nthe flow of blood, animal or human, what boots it\\nwhich, so long as there is a sanguinary finish to\\nthe hilarious shows.\\nThe people now hie them homeward, satisfied\\nwith the result of the evening; and the other bulls\\nprocured for this occasion are kept for another\\nday, as five horses, one bull and a man make a very\\nrespectable real tragedy.\\nTHE THEATER.\\nChristm.as night is the grand theatrical occa-\\nsion of the year. Standing room is at a premium.\\nThe best attainable talent is always present, not\\nseldom imported for the holiday season. Mexi-\\ncans love the theatre and the circus, and none are\\nso poor and wretched tbat the luxury of a bull\\nfight, the theater or the circus is not an occa-\\nsional indulgence. These things seem to be nec-\\nessary elements of popular life. They are the", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 107\\ncustoms and the traditions of a country and a\\npeople about whom hover a halo of mystic wonder-\\nment. Who could have the heart to deprive them\\nof this pittance of enjoyment after the long ages\\nof woe that have been their heritage, from sire to\\nson, till hope at length seemed an idle whim, a\\ndream of mockery? Life among them the very\\nsoil of their strange land has been an endless\\ncivic drama, a tragic stage, that yet calls aloud for\\nmortal sympathy from remotest and even savage\\nshores; for have they not passed through scenes\\nto touch the heart of the wildest race of earth,\\nand call down the retribution of heaven? Ah!\\nhow slowly grindeth thine relentless mills, ye\\ngods; yet are not Mexico and Mexicans at last\\navenged? K emesis slumbered long, while the\\ndespoilers of The land that is fairer than day,^^\\nbathed luxuriantly in metaphoric seas of milk\\nand honey, fancying never ending- immunity was\\ntheirs. But a change came over the spirit of\\ntheir dreams, and what a change.\\nHidalgo, the priest, exclaimed The day for\\nmore endurance has gone by, and by the eternal\\nGod this remorseless slavery shall end and he\\nbecame a liberating warrior. That his deeds were\\nunfeelingly bloody none may deny, yet he dealt\\nout the coin of death that he at last received, to\\nfoes for whom no other mode of warfare had any\\nterror.\\nWhen the sun of freedom glowed at last for\\nMexico, and her pale young star came out in the\\ngalaxy of her liberated sisters, the eldest and the", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "108 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nstrongest smote and despoiled her afresh, while\\nyet in her swaddling clothes of feebleness.\\nAfter this most cruel of all her dastardly undo-\\nino s, and much internal ruin, the French came to\\nscourge her anew. But this, too, had an end, as\\ndid another period of civil strife, and left her free\\nand prosperous at last, though not till the present\\nday.\\nThen, who can grudge her the overflowing\\necstacy of her festivities?\\nTHE SHEIXE OF GUADALUPE.\\nGuadalu]3e is a name that quickens the pulse\\nand inspires a feeling of reverence in every true\\nMexican heart. It is a name that binds Mexico\\nindissolubly to the Church of Eome. It is the\\nname of the immaculate native virgin, the patron\\nsaint of Mexico. Tlie story is one of woiulrous\\nmystery. That of Mary and Christ combined is\\nless sacred to the lowly and ignorant. Guadalupe,\\nMary and Christ make the trio that Protestantism\\ncan never break. While there is a Church of\\nEome and a Mexico, the religion of the people will\\nbe Catholic, if not wholly in reality and practice,\\nsurely in name and form of service.\\nThe stage on which Guadalupe shadowed forth\\nis now a beautiful villa, Guadalupe, and a\\nsplendid cathedral, the shrine of the virgin, a\\nshort .distance south of the city of Mexico, near\\nthe Mexican railway. This is the Mecca of ^lex-\\nico. Here rests the footsore and weary pilgrim\\nfrom the remotest shore of Mexico.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 109\\nThe strangest feature of all is that a priest of\\nthe Church of Eome was the sponsor of the virgin,\\nwhich blended her marvelous story with the\\nChurch for all time in Mexico, no matter how it is\\nesteemed in Eome. No priest denies in Mexico\\nthe valid sanctity of Guadalupe any more than\\nthat of Mary and Christ. She is a feature of the\\nreligion of the Mexicans that Eome herself does\\nnot dare to wrench from the faith of Catholics in\\nMexico.\\nGruadalupe has exercised a wonderful influence\\namong the savage tribes, and served to render\\nMexican character docile and gentle. She has\\nnever been responsible for any cruelty.\\nHer story runs in this wise: A great many ages\\nago, when the dominion of Spain was young in\\nMexico, and the Church little more popular among\\nthe natives than the government, a priest went\\nout to a settlement, beyond the suburbs of Mexico\\nCity, to hold religious services. He sent an In-\\ndian out to gather some flowers. When he re-\\nturned with his first tribute the priest sent him\\nfor a second instalment.\\nThe Indian had a blanket, called serape in\\nSpanish, because the early December morning was\\nchilly.\\nThe second time he came without flowers, his\\nblanket carefully folded, great beads of perspira-\\ntion standing, cold and clammy, on his forehead,\\ngreatly agitated and speechless. The priest de-\\nmanded the cause of his singular conduct and per-\\nturbance, with some indication of impatience.\\nT^ he poor fellow merely put his finger to his lips,", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "110 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nas a signal of silence to the priest, unfolded his\\nblanket and said not a word. The priest started,\\naghast. He felt indisposed to ask farther ques-\\ntions, at the moment.\\nThe poor Indian s blanket contained the most\\nexquisite painting of the most beautiful being the\\npriest had ever seen. He kne^A the poor man s\\nblanket as well as he knew his face and voice. An\\nhour before the blanket was plain cloth, without\\nany vestige or semblance of any color or figure.\\nThe painting was clearly supernatural. Xo\\nmortal being could do the work in months. But\\nthe matchless colors and handiwork were past\\nhuman knowledge and skill. The priest was well\\nanswered, and in no mood to answer questions\\nhimself.\\nThere were ]^lenty of other witnesses present,\\nwho knew the blanket and saw the transformation\\nnothing but a miracle could have wrought.\\nTil ere was no chance for .imposition, hence no\\nroom to doubt. This was something that ad-\\nmitted no skepticism, that the Indians would\\nsoon believe everywhere.\\nWhen at lenoth the owner of the blanket recov-\\nered sufficiently to speak, he explained that the\\nbeautiful being whose living inuige was indelibly\\nportrayed on his blanket had a])peared to him and\\nplaced her likeness on his blanket in an instant.\\nHer name was Guadalupe, the Virgin Patron\\nSaint of all the Mexicans, nnd that he must pro-\\nclaim her. and send word to nil the tribes for dole-\\ngates to come there to the spot and see the token\\nshe had left, and hear what he had to tell tliem.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. m\\nand that a Pilgrim s Shrine must be built there\\nin commemoration, to preserve the blanket and its\\nimmortal picture, made without the touch of\\nhand, in colors no painter s art could ever ap-\\nproach.\\nThe priest naturally regarded the circumstance\\nas a heavenly ministration, sent as an auxiliary to\\nthe work of the holy Church among the heathen\\ntribes that did not take any -too kindly to the\\ncause of the cross. Hence, he advised the Indians\\nto do just as the strange apparition had bid their\\nfriend, and assured them of every possible assist-\\nance on his part.\\nSwifter than tidings of the landing of Cortez\\nflew over mountain and plain, the wondrous story\\nof Guadalupe was borne to the utmost bounds of\\nthe dominion of the Spaniard, and beyond. The\\ndelegates came in return almost as quickly as the\\nmessengers went.\\nArrived at the scene of the divine miracle, the\\nstory was told by the Indian who was the owner\\nof the now sacred blanket, and the other wit-\\nnesses present, when he first brought it to the as-\\ntonished priest. The priest let the crescent spell\\nwork its own destiny. There could be no treach-\\nerous deception of the white man in the visitation\\nof the chosen of heaven. Seeing was believing.\\nDelegates from the tribes became eager converts.\\nThe early result was the foundation and build-\\ning of a splendid Temple of Guadalupe, which is\\nto this day the magnificent Cathedral of Guada-\\nlupe, whose ministers have ever been and are\\npriests of Eome.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "112 GVIDE TO MEXICO.\\nSince then numerous churches and chapels of\\nGuadalupe have been built in many sections of\\nMexico, under the auspices of the Church of\\nHome, or her representatives in Mexico, and al-\\nways ministered by Eomish priests.\\nBut the original shrine has ever been and is\\nthe pilgrim^s goal, where the sacred picture of\\nGuadalupe still remains bright and fresh, as its\\nstartling reality was first unfolded to the eyes of\\nthe priest; and the Mexican faith is that the souls\\nof those who look upon the image of their Virgin\\nshall never die. This faith is as beautiful and ad-\\nmirable as it is innocent and harmless, so irre-\\nproachable that the great and potent Church of\\nEome has never ventured to hurl an anathematiz-\\ning bull at it, nor her priests failed to minister in\\nthe chapels and temple of the Virgin, nor to hold\\nextraordinary services in all the churches of Mex-\\nico on the grand feast day of Guadalupe.\\nThe day of Guadalupe is December the 12tli,\\nthe season of pilgrimages to the natal shrine.\\nSince the advent of railways, excursion trains run\\nfor many days from every part of the Republic,\\ncrowded to their utmost capacity, while un-\\ncounted thousands make the journey on foot, even\\nfrom the remotest sections of the country. It is\\nthe grandest holiday of all, except the national\\ncelebration of the independence of Mexico, Sep-\\ntember the 16th, which is entirely different in\\ncharacter. The feast of Guadalupe, in Mexico,\\neclipses that of Christmas in other countries.\\nCandles are burned all night, even in the most\\ndistant and humblest mountain cabins. The", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "GVIDE TO MEXICO. 113\\npoorest peasants go to their nearest market town,\\nnot seldom fifty miles, to procure a supply of can-\\ndles for the sacred occasion. They may be seen\\njourneying, afoot, through dust or mud, as the\\ncase may be, with heavy burdens on their backs,\\nof the respective produce of which each is master,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0even to charcoal and fat pine knots, to exchange\\nior the coveted and necessary supply of candles.\\nNo hardship nor privation is deemed too great a\\n\u00c2\u00abacrifioe to avoid dereliction in the discharge of\\nthis imperative duty. It would be a reproach, if\\nnot a sacrilege, to be without candles.\\nWork is suspended all day. Services as impos-\\ning as those of Christmas day are held in all the\\nchurches.\\nIn the afternoon the inevitable bull fights are\\nin order, the grandest and most costly of the\\nwhole year being celebrated at Mexico City, owing\\nio the great number of pilgrims there, who come\\nto visit the nearby Shrine of Guadalupe. Such\\npilgrims all see the City of Mexico, which makes\\na grand boom for business.\\nGuadalupe has been so long and is so firmly en-\\nihroned in Mexico that conjecture would be idle\\nas to the age when her reign of faith will reach\\nits zenith or begin to decline. When it ends\\nEome will fall, unless Mexico is first depopulated,\\nor all the native blood of her people drained from\\ntheir veins, so far as the sway of the Church ap-\\nplies to Mexico. The growing skepticism of\\ncountries advanced in all fields of development\\nwill not take root rapidly in Mexico when Guada-\\nlupe becomes the object of their attraction. Edu-\\nMexico\u00e2\u0080\u0094 8", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "114 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\ncation is not doing anything in the direction of\\neradicating the popuhir faith in the native Virgin.\\nIt is not likely to do more, as the deep-rooted\\nfaith, among the wealthy and most intelligent\\nclasses, is in the hosom of the mother, whence tlie\\ndaughter is certain to imhibe and transmit it on\\nto remote posterity. Among the lowly the fidelity\\nis inflexible everywhere, and needs no nurturing.\\nThrough the medium of this faith that of ]\\\\Iary\\nand Jesus has been established in Mexico, under\\nthe auspices of Catholicism, so securely that\\nProtestants are wasting time, energy and money\\nin seeking to gain favor among the native people.\\nProtestants, as a rule, do not understand the peo-\\nple, nor how to convert them. They know little\\nand care less about Guadalupe. They would tear\\nher with a sudden wrencli from the native breast.\\nThe attempt is madness, as none know better than\\nthe priests, who hold and lead the people at will\\nin spiritual matters. Otherwise the Church has no\\nmore power in Mexico than in the United States,\\nand the Protestants have equal show with the\\nCatholics, so far as the government is concerned.\\nThey have neither part nor lot in Guadalupe, and\\nhence are witlu)ut influencing power to supplant\\nRome in ^fexico. But for Guadalupe Eome\\nwould have been exiled when Spain was expelled.\\nNo convents remain in Mexico, neither of nuns\\nnor Jesuits, and are not likely ever to be per-\\nmitted again. Tims l^ome is more circumscribed\\nin Mexico than in the United States. The con-\\nvents were a big loss to Rome in Mexico, though\\nfar less than they would have been had Guada-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "B\\nCu\\nO\\nMs\\n(-1-\\n(D\\nc\\nI\\n5\\no", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "116 GVIDE TO MEXICO.\\nliipe never appeared and became auxiliary to the\\nChurch.\\nThe Temple of Guadalupe is an object of much\\ninterest to religious people, as it contains many\\nancient jDain tings, some of which are said to ante-\\ndate the time when the Aztecs came into the\\ncountry, as well as the original picture of Guada-\\nlupe, on the same sacred blanket, if holy men do\\nnot attest untruths. They are sustained by the\\nassertion that there is neither paint nor artist\\ncompetent to reproduce the picture, and that no\\nartist has lived in the time of its existence able to\\nproduce it. Be all this as it may, the picture is a\\nreality any one may see, and one in which the\\nMexicans have boundless faith.\\nThe writer is not a Catholic, and would be glad\\nto see the growing power of Eome less vigorous\\nthan it is, owing to a fear that if able Rome would\\noverthrow all other institutions of earth, and as-\\nsume the supreme sway, alike of church and state,\\nregardless of the seas of human blood through\\nwhich she might have to wade to attain that end.\\nShe is surely advancing steadily toward that goal,\\nand may reach and seize it if so disposed. But\\nlet us charitably hope she cherishes no such even\\nremote design.\\nHowever all this may be, Protestants need not\\ndeceive themselves about the strong, uneradicable\\nhold Eome has on Mexico; but it is difficult for a\\ncold, dispassionate observer, living in the country\\nand daily mingling with the natives, not hearing\\nnor speaking a word otlier than Spanish in\\nmonths, to imagine how Protestantism would in\\nany way benefit ]\\\\[exico or Mexicans.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. II7\\nThere are a great many other feast days, mostly\\nof church origin, in Mexico, when the poor laborer\\nis idle, though the stores are open half the day,\\nas they are on Sunday.\\nAll Saints^ day, November 1st, is the day the\\ngraves are decorated in Mexico a beautiful cus-\\ntom. The cemeteries and graveyards claim and\\nhave tributes of floral offerings unapproachable in\\nany other part of the world, at that date, as no\\nother land, not even Florida, can produce the\\nflowers.\\nIt were heartless to sneer at Guadalupe and\\nMexican faith in her, especially on the part of\\nChristians who do not always live as well up to\\ntheir own professions as those poor Mexicans do\\nto theirs. God Almighty will never damn the\\nMexicans for a faith that never had a human vic-\\ntim, and never caused man to make war on his\\nfellow. It is a clean and bloodless faith, that\\nnever will breed distress on earth. Let the Mexi-\\ncans enjoy it in peace, for they deserve a rest.\\nAXCIEISTT WONDEES.\\nIt passes mortal knowledge whether the colossal\\npyramids of Mexico, or mounds, as they are\\nknown in common parlance, were religious or mili-\\ntary. They unquestionably were the product of\\nmuch devotion, great expenditure of current\\nwealth, or undisputable slavery, not equaled in the\\nconstruction of the pyramids of ancient Egypt.\\nThe stupendous one, in Cholula, on the Inter-\\noceanic Railway, some seven or more miles from", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "118 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nthe city of Puebla, is much larger than the grand-\\nest in Egypt. The base, one thousand four hun-\\ndred and twenty-three feet square, covers about\\nforty-four acres, while the height is one hundred\\nand seventy feet. The truncated summit has more\\nthan one acre surface. The surface of the whole\\nstructure is now covered with trees and dense\\nshrubbery.\\nThere rests upon the summit a fine church,\\nXuestra Sehora de los Eemedios, Our Lady of\\nRemedies, in English. Historians have generally\\nsupposed that the great mound was the work of\\nthe Toltecs, as it is said to have been there when\\nthe Aztecs came into tlie plateau; but Ignatius\\nDonnelly says it is the Tower of Babel, in his book\\nentitled Atlantis. Whv he makes this asser-\\ntion it is difficult to conjecture, unless he has\\nheard or read something of a belief of some na-\\ntives, that it was erected by a family of giants\\nthat escaped a great flood, and designed to rear it\\nabove the clouds, but were stopped by fire from\\nheaven.\\nThis coincides with the story of the Hebrew\\nflood and the Chinese tradition of a deluge, which\\nseems to indicate that all ])eoples must have liad\\na common origin, with legends of creation and\\nflood not all unlike.\\nSpeculation would be idle. The great work ex-\\nists, and was built by human hands, which is all\\nwe can ever know of its oblivious history.\\nThe pyramids of the Sun and Moon, in plain\\nview of the Mexican TJaihvay, on both sides of the\\nstation of Otumba, the scene of the bloodiest bat-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 119\\ntie between Cortez and the Aztecs in 1520, are\\nnear San Jnan Teotihnacan. They are in about\\nthe same proportion, as to size, as the snn and\\nMoon, the one of the Sun being not much in-\\nferior to the monarch of Cholula, just described\\nabove. The same people were probably the build-\\ners, and the purpose was likely the same, whether\\nreligious or military.\\nThere are numerous others in many sections of\\nthe country, some large, some small, but nearly all\\nafter one model.\\nThe ruins of cities the Aztecs are said to have\\nfound in the country, probably long antedating\\nthe Toltec race, seem to indicate that they were\\nbuilt by the same people who built the mounds.\\nThe ruins of Mitla, and many other nameless\\ncities, are unquestionably evidence of civilization,\\nprobably not surpassed by that of any other peo-\\nple who ever lived on the earth. There are works\\nof defense at Mitla that would make grand object\\nlessons to military students and engineers of this\\nage. This seems to indicate that the mounds may\\nhave been connected with great works of defense,\\nand had a military, rather than a religious object.\\nThe ruins of a buried city as large as New York\\nw^ere discovered on the Gulf Coast in 1897, en-\\ntirely overgrown with trees and jungle. There are\\ntemples and palaces, and abundant other evi-\\ndences of a high degree of civilization among the\\ninhabitants, whose majestic city was probably\\nmouldering in lifeless ruin thousands of years be-\\nfore Babylon was founded. This is the most im-\\nportant and mysterious discovery yet made amid", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "120 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nthe mounds and ruins of Mexico. It was certainly\\na mart of foreign commerce of or with people\\nwho had seagoing craft, and were masters of navi-\\ngation. With whom and w^here did they have\\ntrade to create and sustain a metropolis of such\\nstupendous magnitude, clown where the deep blue\\nsurge of ocean rolls? Was it with Tyre, Carthage,\\nEome, or all or none of these? Could it be the\\nLost Atlantis reposing there, in her long and\\ndreamless sleep? Surely she was never arrayed\\nin more gorgeous splendor, nor claimed more in-\\nhabitants than the silent city that slumbers so\\nprofoundly on that desolate shore. ISTo wonder\\nthat the murmur of the wave and the song of the\\nzephyr are ever sad, when they sigh and chant\\nbeside and over where there once must have been,\\nfor short or long, so much mortal agony; for all\\nthe millions who once smiled and sang and sighed\\nand wept, in hovel and palace, never perished in\\nthe ecstatic bliss of rapturous dreams. How did\\nthey die? From the famine of siege and the sword\\nof conquest, or the tidal wave of the remorseless\\nGulf? Who can tell? Did any ever know, after the\\noverwhelming catastrophe? Could it have been\\nthe horrid shock to earth and nature, when the\\nvolcanic fires of Orizaba mountain first leaped\\nwith infernal force, in flaming avalanche, from the\\nseething bowels of the world, that snuffed out the\\nlamp of life, and left the fated city in eternal soli-\\ntude? Something sufficient to wreck a world\\nmust have meted out that dateless doom.\\nThere seems to be strong possibility, if not logi-\\ncal probability, that whatever force blotted that", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 121\\ngrand and populous city out of throbbing exist-\\nence, left the whole of Mexico cold and pulseless;\\nelse why such vast and numerous ruins everywhere\\nthat bear the same stamp of civilization, and ap-\\npear to have been the wrecks of the same age?\\nIt may have been depopulating vandal hordes\\nfrom the far north, with which the wealthy and\\nindolent denizens of the south were unprepared\\nto cope, or the general doom-day of that shore\\nand people, A^reaked by some unpropitious freak\\nof perverse nature. Any way, they died, and left\\nno record, nor yet hereditary story of their mel-\\nancholy fate; and their cities became ruins, never\\nsince the dwelling place of man. This seems to\\nrender problematic the theory of conquest: the\\nvanquishing stranger would have been likely to\\nhave made him a home in the luxurious abode\\nand stately palace of the despoiled, and preserved\\nthe beautiful cities for his own people, so they\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2would have remained tenanted when the Aztec\\ncame. But they, were deserted wastes then as they\\nare now, according to the legend of the ancient\\ntribes, bequeathed from sire to son and age to age,,\\nand told till this day.\\nThe Herald,^^ New York, contains elaborate,,\\ngraphic illustrated descriptions of these ruins,\\nthat are in no wise overdrawn.\\nBooks and books would be required to hold mere\\noutline sketches of ruins and other prehistoric\\nfeatures of Mexico, not yet a part of her written\\nhistory, as the work of discovery is but little pro-\\ngressed; and the buried city, that remained wholly\\nunknown until a few weeks past, may be no more", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "122 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nthan a single page in the voiceless marvels of her\\nunexplored secret treasures.\\nBut these are problems that interest the anti-\\nquarian and invite the attention of the student of\\nancient history.\\nOver the weird, mournful scenes of such woeful\\ncities there hovers a spell of pathetic mystery\\nthat should conjure romantic reverie into sem-\\nblance of living forms, and repeople th-at solitary\\nshore with beings that teem in the brain, and con-\\nstruct the inspiring cradle of poetic vision and its\\ncreative imagery. The unprepared prosy mind\\nis rife with shadowy spirits that assume human\\nshape and flit in the dread haunts of desolation,\\ntill they seem endowed with quick feeling and\\nsufferance, that come stealing softly back upon\\nthem, till from the dull, dusty shades of ruin\\nsprings anev/ into brilliant splendor the lonely city\\nof the dead. Who can tell if this is all mere\\ndreaming fancy, or if the spirits of the past do not\\nreally make their presence felt, in some vague, un-\\ncertain sense, not clearly perceptil)le to the dull\\ncomprehension of flesh and blood? The experience\\namid siicli scenes of dead ages is fraught with aw-\\nful inspirations, it matters little why or where-\\nfore; and one need not feel ashamed to confess the\\nweakness tliat is impotent to resist the supernatu-\\nral influence that pervades the very atmosphere,\\nand lurks in every shadow of ruin, grey with the\\ntraces countless years have inijirinted on each\\nform and feature. ^lan is but human, and his\\nnature ])rone to superstitious weakness, or it may\\nbe an untaught innate sympathy of his soul, that", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 123\\ncommnnes with spirits of the long forgotten dead,\\nand stirs too deeply the immortal fountain of his\\nbeing. The dull insensibility of the flesh may\\nobscure the vision of the soul, or the medium of\\nthe mortal may not possess transmitting faculties,\\nable to catch and express the impressions with\\nwhich the immortal is pregnant. Perchance it is\\nthe spirit within us that feels and realizes what\\nthe mind cannot see nor understand, when striv-\\ning to glance backward along the desolate wake\\nof recordless time. It is not all idle nothingness\\nthat binds us under the responsive spell of name-\\nless phantasy, and makes us linger in the spectral\\nprecincts of a perished world. There is a charm\\nbeyond and above the silent stage, within the\\ndome that echoes nevermore. Where is now the\\ndwelling-place of the emancipated spirits of count-\\nless multitudes that died violently, without the\\ncommon course of nature? Do not some of them\\nlurk in grim recesses of the ruins, where their clay\\ntenements repose in dust and ashes? Or may they\\nnot revisit, if for brief seasons, the weird loneli-\\nness of their native shore? Are they not the in-\\nvisible hosts of the spirits of pilgrims who go to\\nview the shrines of a people whose altars burn no\\nmore, the very perfume of whose incense vanished\\nlong, long ago? Do they not try to tell us the\\nsaddening tragedy, in the scene that was their last\\non earth? Will not some one, some day, with a\\nspotless soul, nurtured by a pure and blameless\\nlife, body forth as a medium, and converse with\\nthe disembodied spirits, whose phantom presence\\nis a conviction, may be a reality, and tell the won-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "-^24 GUIDE TO MEXICO.\\ndroiis story to the world of life? This would be a.\\npriceless revelation, and one not all impossible to\\nattain, as records deemed inspired and holy unde-\\nniably attest. Cannot the combined science and\\ntheology of this marvelous age of ever new reveal-\\ning light rear and endow one perfect mortal, fitted\\nfor the grand and glorious research?\\nPoet and priest have vied with each other, por-\\ning over the ruins of Greece and Rome. For\\nwhat? Because they were the fount of letters,\\nthe cradle of art, perchance transplanted from\\nMexico, near the end of all that was once illus-\\ntrious and brilliant there, certainly never bred\\nfrom Greek nor Eoman seed. The ruins of Mex-\\nico hold and keep the dormant germs of inspira-\\ntion, ready to spring forth into flowers and fruit,\\nobedient to the awakening touch of researching\\ngenius, whose growing page would glow and burn\\nwith new wonders of unfoiding mystery. The\\nvulgar dust we tread is holy, consecrated ground,\\nthe scene of romance and tragedy, untold by mor-\\ntal words; and the air we breathe is melody per-\\nsonified, sighing from nests of ocean foam to pin-\\nnacles of snow, over a land whose every plant and\\nflower exhales the divine essence of unuttered\\nsong. Florida Italy are cold and prosy, and\\nnever did and never can approach the frostless\\nEdens of ^Mexico, where was once, perchance, the\\nimmortal garden, bartered for the fruit of knowl-\\nedge, if ]\\\\Ir. Donnelly errs not as to the site of the\\nTower of Babel. Then let us seek in the mystic\\nrealms of ]\\\\rontezunia what we may not find in\\nlands that have been long more favored.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "GUIDE TO MEXICO. 125\\nPoets need not call down the black-eyed maid\\nof heaven^^ to inspire their song; for the dark-\\norbed lasses of the torrid clime, laved by the melo-\\ndious wave of the sleepless Gnlf, can create a spell\\nto mock the power of the Grecian nymph, and\\ninvoke a muse whose lyre will soar beyond all Gre-\\ncian melody. Why not praise the witchery of eyes,\\nthough mortal, that are divinely endowed all\\ngentleness whose glance unfolds anew the hun-\\ndred tales of love; or, in the flurry of overwrought\\npassion all fierceness that reveals somewhat, or\\ndoes not all conceal, the spectral story that should\\nmake their land immortal?\\nNear Kansas City, in America, science has\\nlately unearthed a battlefield, where countless\\nthousands perished in combat more than twenty\\nthousand years ago. N o page of history names\\nsuch numbers slain on any single field of mortal\\nstrife as repose there on the scene of their name-\\nless struggle. Whom were they? Whence came\\nthey? May not one of the embattled hosts have\\ncome from Mexico? Perchance the army of Mex-\\nico was overwhelmed, and her fair land and\\nmatchless cities became a prey to the conquerors.\\nThese are themes for not all groundless stories,\\nthat might shame Troy and Marathon, and leave\\nCanae and Waterloo eclipsed as mere petty skir-\\nmishes. Who will disrobe them of their shroud\\nof deep, dark mystery, and fling their breathing,\\npulsating, burning pages fluttering in the gale of\\nenlightening revelation? The task might prove a\\nlabor of love, worthy of a master mind and a cun-\\nning hand a rare artistic product of modern gen-", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "126\\nGUIDE TO MEXICO.\\nins. There should, and lanst, be some one thus\\nendowed, or that the ruins and muse of Mexico\\nwould inspire. Once begun, the page will grow\\non, almost alone; the theme is so near a being of\\nlife and feeling that its lon,2: nent-up spirit will in-\\nfuse impelling force into the medium that essays\\nto clothe its long neglected, spectral image in a\\nrobe of language, and lend him a flowery pattern\\nwherewithal to fashion and frame his words into\\npictured semblance.\\nThis is what Mexico has been, and is, and may\\nbe made, in miniature. She is no niggardly cus-\\ntodian of her boundless resources mines of con-\\ntemplation, where research will never exhaust the\\nhidden treasures of dead thought and numb feel-\\ning; mines of silver, gold and jewels that will\\nnever fail; and soil and sunshine for a hundred\\nmillion inhabitants: these, and more untold and\\nmuch that is nameless, woo the stranger to her\\nmagic shores, far more invitingly bounteous than\\nwas the ancient Hebrew s fabled land of promise.\\nMexico is a Palestine for all who will to have her\\nsuch, and one that needs no sword nor spear to\\nacquire a due portion of her blessings.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "FOUR GREAT BOOKS\\nBY WESTERN AUTHORS\\nPUBLISHED BY\\nTHE WHITAKER RAY CO.\\n723 MARKET STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.\\nJOAQUIN MILLER S COMPLETE POEMS\\nEIGHT VOLUMES IN ONE\\nINCLUDING\\nSONGS OF THE SIERRAS\\nSONGS OF SUNLAND SONGS OF ITALY\\nSONGS OF THE SOUL*\\nSONGS OF THE MEXICAN SEAS\\nCLASSIC SHADES OLIVE LEAVES\\nJOAQUIN et^L\\nPrice, Library Edition, postpaid $2,50\\nGift Edition, Leather $4,50\\nBY DAVID STARR JORDAN\\nPRESIDENT LELAND STANFORD Jr. UNIVERSITY\\n^CARE AND CULTURE OF MEN\\nPrice, Cloth, postpaid $1.50\\nHalf Levant, postpaid $3.50\\n^MATKA AND KOTIK^\\nAN ALLEGORY OF THE FUR SEAL PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED\\nPrice, Cloth, postpaid $L50\\nHalf Levant, postpaid $3.50\\n^THE STORY OF THE INNUMERABLE\\nCOMPANY AND OTHER SKETCHES\\nILLUSTRATED\\nPrice, Cloth, postpaid $I.2S\\nHalf Levant, postpaid $3.50\\nOne Set of Jordan, 3 Vols, in box, Clotfi, postpaid 4.00\\nOne Set of Jordan, 3 Vols, in box, half Levant, postpaid $10.00\\nSEND FOR COMPLETE DESCRIPTIVE PORTRAIT CIRCULAR\\nOF OUR WESTERN PUBLICATIONS", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "Text, Supplementary\\nAND Library Books\\nPUBLISHED BY\\nTHE WniTAKER RAY CO.\\n723 MARKET STREET, SAN FRANCISCO.\\nElementary Exercises in Botany, By Prof. Volnej Rattan $o 75\\nKey to West Coast Botany, By Prof. Volney Rattan i oo\\nComplete Botany (above, two in one Volume) i 50\\nNew Essentials of Bookkeeping, By Prof. C. W. Childs 90\\nTopical Analysis of U. S. History, By Prof C. W. Childs i 00\\nHeart Culture, Lessons in Humane Education, By Emma E. Page 75\\nSpanish in Spanish, By Luis Duque Net. i 25\\nPatriotic Quotations, By Harr Wagner 40\\nKey to State Advanced Arithmetic, By A. M. Armstrong i 00\\nNew Manual of Shorthand, By A. J. Marsh Net. i 50\\nStudies in Entomology, By H. M. Bland 75\\nAlgebraic Solutions of Equations, By Andre and Buchanan Net. 80\\nStudy of the Kindergarten Problem, By Fred k L,. Burke 50\\nOrthoepy and Spelling, By John W. Imes, (4 parts each) 20\\nSome Homely Little Songs, By Alfred James Waterliouse i 25\\nForget-me-nots, By Lillian Leslie Page. Illuminated paper cover 50\\nMISCELLANEOUS LIBRARY BOOKS\\nSugar Pine Murmurings, By Eliz. S. Wilson i 00\\nAdventures of a Tenderfoot, By H. H. Sauber i 00\\nThe Main Points, By Rev. C. R. Brown i 25\\nLife, By Hon. John R. Rogers i 00\\nLyrics of the Golden West, By Rev. W. D. Crabb i 00\\nSoBgs of Puget Sea, By Herbert Bashford i 00\\nDr. Jones Picnic, By Dr. S. E. Chapman i 00\\nA Modern Argonaut, By Leela B. Davis i 00\\nPercy or the Four Inseparables, By M. Lee i 00\\nPersonal Impressions of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado i 50\\nToyon\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A book of Holiday Selections, By Allie M. Felker\\nPaper, 35c. Board, 6oc. Cloth, i 00\\nCivil Government Simplified, By J. J. Duvall Paper, 25\\nWESTERN SERIES OF PAPER BOOKS\\nSongs of the Soul, By Joaquin Miller 25\\nDr. Jones Picnic, By Dr. S. E. Chapman 25\\nModern Argonaut, By Leela B. Davin 25\\nHow to Celebrate Holiday Occasions\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Compiled 25\\nPatriotic Quotations 25\\nWESTERN SERIES OF BOOKLETS\\nCalifornia and the Californians, By David Starr Jordan 25\\nLove and Law, By Thos. P. Bailey 25\\nThe Man Who Might Have Been, By Robert Whitaker 25\\nNo.\\n1.\\nNo.\\n2.\\nNo.\\n3.\\nNo.\\n4.\\nNo.\\n5.\\nNo.\\nNo.\\n2.\\nNo.\\n3.", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "B ?00", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n016 008 002 4", "height": "3030", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "guidetomexico00hida_0138.jp2"}}