{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3700", "width": "2420", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS,\\nChap. Copyright No,.\\nShelf....\\nr\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "ACCIDENTS\\nEMERGENCIES\\nand ILLNESSES\\nA MANUAL FOR REFERENCE\\nISSUED BY\\nThe Mutual Life Insurance Company\\nl OF NEW YORK\\nRICHARD A. McCURDY, President\\n1900\\nPUBLISHED BY THE COMPANY", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVED.\\nLibrary of CongPQ8%\\nOffice of tht\\nMAR 9 1900\\nKogUtor of Copyrights\\n7?C*7\\n56801\\nCopyright, 1900,\\nBY\\nThe Mutual Life Insurance Company\\nof New York.\\nSECOND COPY,", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "Board of Trustees\\nSAMUEL D. BABCOCK\\nBanker Retired. Late firm Babcock Brothers Co., N. Y. City\\nRICHARD A. McCURDY\\nPresident of the Company, N. Y. City\\nJAMES C. HOLDEN\\nPresident National Safe Deposit Co., N. Y. City\\nHERMANN C. VON POST\\nOelrichs Co., Agents North German Lloyd S. S. Co., N. Y. City\\nOLIVER HARRIMAN\\nMerchant Retired, Late firm Low, Harriman Co., N. Y. City\\nROBERT OLYPHANT\\nWard Olyphant, Miners and Shippers of Coal, N. Y. City\\nGEORGE F. BAKER\\nPresident First National Bank, N. Y. City\\nVice-President Central R. R. of New Jersey\\nDUDLEY OLCOTT\\nPresident Mechanics and Farmers Bank, Albany, N. Y.\\nFREDERIC CROMWELL\\nTreasurer of the Company, N. Y. City\\nJULIEN*T. DAVIES\\nCounsellor-at-Law. Davies, Stone Auerbach, N. Y. City\\nCHARLES R. HENDERSON\\nBanker. Henderson Co., N. Y, City\\nRUFUS W. PECKHAM\\nJustice U. S. Supreme Court, Washington, D. C.\\nJ. HOBART HERRICK\\nBanker and Broker. J. H. Herrick Co., N. Y. City\\nWILLIAM P. DIXON\\nCounsellor-at-Law. Miller, Peckham Dixon, N. Y. City\\nROBERT A. GRANNISS\\nVice-President of the Company, N. Y. City\\nHENRY H. ROGERS\\nPresident National Transit Co., Standard Oil Co., N. Y. City\\nJOHN W. AUCHINCLOSS\\nDry Goods Commission. Auchincloss Bros., N. Y. City\\nTHEODORE MORFORD\\nCashier Sussex County Nat. Eank, Newton, N.J.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "BOARD OF TRUSTEES\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued\\nWILLIAM BABCOCK\\nCommission Merchant. Parrott Co., San Francisco, Cal.\\nSTUYVESANT FISH\\nPresident Illinois Central R. R. Co., N. Y. City and Chicago\\nAUGUSTUS D. JUILLIARD\\nDry Goods Commission. A. D. Juilliard Co., N. Y. City\\nCHARLES E. MILLER\\nCounsellor-at-Law. Miller Wells, N. Y. City\\nWALTER R. GILLETTE, M. D.\\nGeneral Manager of the Company, N. Y. City\\nH. WALTER WEBB\\n3d Vice-President N. Y. C. H. R. R. R., N. Y. City\\nGEORGE G. HAVEN\\nVice-President National Union Bank, N. Y. City\\nGEORGE S. BOWDOIN\\nBanker, Retired. Late J. P. Morgan Co., N. Y. City\\nADRIAN ISELIN, Jr.\\nVice-President Guaranty Trust Co. of N. Y.\\nBanker. Adrian Iselin Co., N. Y. City\\nWILLIAM C. WHITNEY\\nEx-Secretary of the Navy, N. Y. City\\nWILLIAM ROCKEFELLER\\nStandard Oil Co., N. Y. City\\nJAMES N. JARVIE\\nArbuckle Bros., Coffee, N. Y. City\\nCHARLES D. DICKEY, Jr.\\nBanker. Brown Bros. Co., N. Y. City\\nELBRIDGE T. GERRY\\nCounsellor-at-Law. 261 Broadway, N. Y. City\\nA. N. WATERHOUSE\\nLife Insurance. Lambert Waterhouse, Philadelphia, Pa.\\nWILLIAM J. SEWELL\\nUnited States Senator. Camden, N. J.\\nJAMES SPEYER\\nBanker. Speyer Co., New York\\nCHARLES LANIER\\nBanker. Winslow, Lanier Co., N. Y.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREPUCE.\\nThis book has been prepared and published in the\\nhope that it will be of service in alleviating suffering\\nand saving life by the timely application of the advice\\nand instruction contained in its pages. In some\\nrespects it is a revised edition of two pamphlets form-\\nerly published by The Mutual Life Insurance Com-\\npany of New York, entitled Plain Directions for\\nAccidents, Emergencies and Poisons and Plain\\nDirections for the Care of the Sick. These little\\nvolumes were printed originally in 1875, and several\\nlarge editions have since been gratuitously distributed.\\nIt has been deemed advisable to re-write them and em-\\nbody in the new production such additional changes\\nin the matter as the advance in medical science dur-\\ning the past twenty-five years rendered necessary in\\norder to make the teachings of the book conform to\\npresent practices. The book has been written and\\nrevised by competent physicians for gratuitous dis-\\ntribution and is intended to indicate what should be\\ndone in cases of ordinary accidents and illnesses\\nprior to the coming of the skilled assistance to be fur-\\nnished by the trained nurse and the medical adviser.\\nIf what is hereinafter written shall in any way tend to\\nprevent unnecessary suffering or contribute to save\\nthe life and activity of some member of the commu-\\nnity, the company will feel amply rewarded for the\\ntrouble and expense involved in the preparation and\\npublication of this book.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS\\nPAGE.\\nSECTION I. ACCIDENTS 5\\nII. EMERGENCIES 51\\nIII. POISONS 79\\nIV. CARE OF INVALIDS 115\\nV. REMEDIES 157\\nINDEX 167", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "SECTION I.\\nACCIDENTS.\\nA policy in The Mutual Life Insurance\\nCompany of New York may not prevent an\\naccident, but it will materially aid in recovery.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nScarcely a month passes by that we do not meet\\nsomewhere an accident or an emergency in which a\\nlittle reliable information would be of the greatest\\nservice. One of the difficulties usually to be contended\\nwith in such cases is a lack of knowledge on the part\\nof the bystanders as to what should be done. It will\\nbe found, as a rule, that the simplest and usually the\\nmost useful things are neglected, while there is a dis-\\nposition to rely upon cumbrous appliances, which are\\noften disadvantageous, and sometimes positively hurt-\\nful.\\nThe object of this pamphlet is to present in a\\ncompressed form, for easy recollection and ready\\nreference, a few suggestions as to what should\\nbe done in certain cases of emergency before the arri-\\nval of skilled professional assistance. It is, perhaps, not\\ntoo much to say that what can be done to give relief\\nor save life must in many cases be done by some one\\nbefore the aid of a physician can be procured. It\\nhas been truly said, for want of timely care, millions\\nhave died of medicable wounds.\\nAs far as possible, the use of technical terms will be\\nomitted, although where necessary they will be used,\\nwith a brief definition inclosed in brackets but the\\nwriter would respectfully suggest that, whenever\\npossible, the scientific terms be remembered and\\nused, instead of the popular expressions for the same\\nthing. A scientific term, the world over, means but\\none thing; while a popular expression, in one place,\\nmeans one thing, and in another, two or three things\\nand possibly, nothing at all.\\n{tW Insure in The Mutual Lipb Insurance Co. op New Yobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "A wise precaution against accidents of all kinds\\nis a life policy in The Mutual Life Insurance\\nCompany of New York.\\nACCIDENTS IN GENERAL.\\nAn accident usually assembles a crowd around the\\nvictim. The first thing to be done is to get the people\\naway from the injured person. A space of at least ten\\nfeet on every side should be kept wholly free from\\neverybody except the one or two who are in charge\\nof the operations for relief. If others are needed to\\nassist in some special duty, as lifting, removing of\\ndress, etc., they can be specially selected from the\\ncrowd for the moment and then dismissed. The\\nkindest thing a bystander can do is to insist upon a\\nfree space around the injured person, and to select Crowds and\\nfrom the crowd those who will hold themselves in\\nreadiness to start for whatever the physician or the\\nindividual in charge of the case may require. To show\\nhow little real interest the inside layer of the crowd\\ntakes in the restoration of the patient, it will often\\nbe almost impossible to get one of them to run an\\nerrand in the interest of the sufferer.\\nIf the person has been thrown from a carriage, in-\\njured by a fall from a height, blow or other cause,\\nwhile there may be no fracture or other external injury\\nevident, the nervous system has received what is called\\na shock. As is commonly said, the person is faint.\\nA person suffering with such symptoms should\\nbe placed flat on the back, with the head, neck\\n(Es?* Insnr9 in Thb Mutual Lifb Insurancb Co. o\u00c2\u00bb New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "10\\nACCIDENTS IN GENERAL.\\nperson.\\nand shoulders slightly raised. The limbs, at the\\nsame time, should be straightened out, if practicable;\\nso that the heart, which is already depressed in action,\\nmay act at as little disadvantage as possible. The\\nG cravat, collar and everything else calculated to\\ntreatment of impede the circulation toward the head or the\\nan injured movements of the chest should be loosened or re-\\nmoved. If the injury is slight, reaction will soon take\\nplace after giving the person a sip of cold water,\\nbrandy (a teaspoonful in a tablespoonful of cold\\nwater), or aromatic spirits of ammonia (twenty drops\\nin a tablespoonful of cold water) repeated in a few\\nminutes. Gentle frictions to the extremities a few\\ndrops of cologne-water on a handkerchief to the\\nnostrils if the weather is hot, the use of a palm-leaf\\nfan; hot flannels to the limbs and epigastrium, (pit\\nof the stomach), are all likewise useful in assisting\\nreaction.\\nBy this time, should a surgeon have arrived, he will\\nexamine and decide upon the special nature of the\\ninjury, and inaugurate measures of special relief.\\nShould he have not appeared, and it is thought best\\nto remove the patient to the hospital or his home, a\\nstretcher should be procured, or a substitute in\\nthe shape of a settee or shutter. The injured\\nperson should be gently slipped on it, the body\\nbeing supported as much as possible along its\\nlength, and the face covered so as to prevent, as\\nmuch as practicable, the uncomfortable feeling of\\nbeing stared at by passers-by. Four persons of\\nuniform gait should then gently lift the stretcher and\\nslowly carry the person to his destination. In most\\ncities, appliances for carrying injured persons are\\nkept at the station-houses, and can be obtained on\\nRemoving\\nan injured\\nperson.\\n(\u00c2\u00a3W Insure in The Mutual Life Insubance Co. op New Tobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "SHOCK. 11\\napplication, as well as the services of a good police-\\nman. The authority of the latter is almost invaluable\\nin keeping away the crowd while conveying the person\\nthrough the streets. If the person is to be taken to\\nthe hospital, a dispatch from a police-station will\\nsecure, free of charge, an ambulance with competent\\nattendants to take charge of the injured individual.\\nDirections for fracture and dislocations are given\\nelsewhere, pp. 32-33.\\nSHOCK.\\nMild forms of shock, or collapse, as it is sometimes\\ncalled, are often, by the non-professional, confounded\\nwith fainting (syncope), and an ordinary attack of\\nfainting is analogous to shock. The symptoms be-\\ntween the two vary rather in degree and duration than\\nin kind.\\nLife may be destroyed by certain agencies, as a blow\\nupon the pit of the stomach, or a sudden and pow-\\nerful emotion of the mind, and no visible trace be left\\nin any part of the body. This is called death from\\nshock and is the extreme result of shock.\\nUsually the patient lies in a state of utter prostration.\\nThere is pallor of the whole surface the lips are blood-\\nless and pale. The eyes lose their luster, and the s y m P toms\\neyeball is usually partially covered by the drooping\\nupper lid. The nostrils are usually dilated. The skin\\nis covered with a cold, clammy moisture, often gath-\\nered in beads of sweat upon the forehead. The tem-\\nperature is low, and perhaps the person shivers. The\\nweakness of the muscles is most marked as the\\nphrase is, the patient is prostrated. The mind is\\nbewildered, often insensible, unless aroused; and in\\nt3T Insure in The Mutual Life Ixsusascb Co. op New Tobx.)\\nShock.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12\\nSHOCK.\\nCauses.\\nInfluence of\\nage.\\nmany cases, nausea and vomiting are present. In\\nextreme cases, the nausea and vomiting are not so apt\\nto occur.\\nSudden and severe injuries, particularly if extensive\\ncause shock. Burns especially of children ex-\\ntending over a large surface, even if not to a great\\ndepth, are often followed by shock, and this com-\\nplication requires the earliest attention.\\nCertain poisons, as tobacco and tartar emetic, act\\nin this manner, depressing the system. So does a\\ncurrent of electricity, as is seen in the effects of light-\\nning.\\nLoss of blood produces or aggravates shock. Hence\\na slight injury, with much loss of blood, may be at-\\ntended with more shock than a comparatively more\\nsevere injury without the loss of blood. Debility\\nfavors the influence of shock. A weak system is\\nmore easily impressed by it, and, as should be ex-\\npected, reaction from its effects is longer in taking\\nplace.\\nAs the vital powers of life decline, from engrafted\\nor natural causes, there is less power available as a\\nreserve to meet contingencies. In youth there is\\nan available fund of this kind; in the adult the re-\\nsources of the system may be equal to the task of\\nordinary maintenance, but in the aged, as said before,\\nthere is much less ability to deal with sudden losses\\nof strength. The aged, therefore, are slow to rally\\nfrom the effects of shock. They have more power of re-\\nsistance than the young. The shock does not readily\\nmake an impression, as it does in the young, but\\nwhen it does, the impression endures. In the young\\nthe impression is more easily made, but sooner sub-\\nsides.\\n(13^* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. o\u00c2\u00bb New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "SHOCK. 18\\nTreatment. This consists in first placing the\\npatient as flat on his back as possible, with\\nthe head raised not over an inch. This is an\\nimportant point in cases of ordinary fainting, and\\nwhenever the vital powers are depressed. Stimu-\\nlants are required. The aromatic character of brandy\\nenables it to be retained by the stomach when\\nwhisky and other forms of alcohol are rejected. A\\nteaspoonful on cracked ice every minute, until six or\\neight have been taken, is the best way to give it. If\\nthe temperature of the body is raised by it, and there\\nseems a revival of the action of the heart, enough\\nbrandy has been given. Twenty drops of the aromatic\\nspirits of ammonia in a teaspoonful of water may be\\ngiven every couple of minutes, until four or five doses\\nhave been taken. Applications of heat to the extremi- Treatment\\nties and pit of the stomach are very useful. Flan- of shock\\nnels wrung out in hot water, or bottles of hot water\\nproperly wrapped up, should not be neglected. Mus-\\ntard-plasters are often used, but they are so inferior to\\nheat for the purpose, if that can be applied, and so apt\\nto blister, thereby making it impossible to use anything\\nelse on the surface, that some reluctance is felt in ad-\\nvising them.\\nNausea and vomiting are often present in shock,\\nand can best be allayed by getting the patient to\\nswallow small chips of ice whole. Ice can be easily\\nchipped by standing the piece with the grain up-\\nright, and splitting off a thin edge with the point of\\na pin.\\nAmmonia (smelling salts), applied to the nostrils, is\\noften useful and cologne, on a handkerchief, is fre-\\nquently pungent enough to be of service in the same\\nway.\\n(Cy Insure in Th\u00c2\u00ab JIutcal Lifb Ixsurakce Co. os New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14\\nFAINTING\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ASPHYXIA.\\nTreatment\\nof fainting.\\nFAINTING.\\nThe head of the party who has fainted should be\\nkept lower than the rest of the body. Should the\\nperson be sitting in a chair at the moment, stand be-\\nhind the chair, reach the hands over in front, so as\\nto grasp the sides of the chair, take a step backward,\\nand then slowly depress the back, the head being sup-\\nported until the floor is reached. An assistant by\\nholding the knees will prevent lateral slipping off from\\nthe seat of the chair. It is so rapidly and easily done,\\nbesides so effective in its operation, that little else re-\\nmains to be done. Usually the back of the head of\\nthe patient scarcely reaches the floor before conscious-\\nness returns.\\nASPHYXIA.\\nMeaning of\\nasphyxia.\\nThis commonly used word signifies an absence of\\npulse. It states a condition, but not the cause, and\\nindicates suspended animation, produced by the non-\\nconversion of the venous blood in the lungs into\\narterial. The supply of good air to the lungs being\\ncut off by some cause, the necessary purification at\\nthat point no longer takes place, and death of the\\nentire body ensues from the absence of arterial blood,\\nor the presence of venous blood some physiologists\\nregard it as due to the one cause, and some to the\\nother. In other words, the person dies because the\\nblood is not purified.\\nThere are several varieties of asphyxia: (i) As-\\nphyxia from submersion, as in the ordinary drowning\\nin water or other fluids (2) asphyxia from mechanical\\ncauses, as by strangulation, or hanging, and by for-\\n(I2P* Insure in The Mutual Lip* Insueanob Co. op Nbw York.)}", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "ASPHYXIA DROWNING. 15\\neign bodies in the windpipe or its approaches (3) as-\\nphyxia by inhalation of gases, known as suffocation;\\n(4) asphyxia from torpor of the medulla oblongata Varieties of\\n(an important portion of the brain, at the junction of as P h y xia\\nthe spinal cord and what is called the brain), produced\\nby the introduction into the blood of certain poisons.\\nDROWNING.\\nAs said above, this is asphyxia from submersion in\\nwater or other fluids. This accident is of such fre- sp y xla y\\ndrowning.\\nquent occurrence that it is the duty of every member\\nof the community to understand the measures of\\nprompt relief in such cases.\\nThe body should be recovered as soon as possible\\nfrom the water. Then turn the face and head down-\\n1 r 1 1 m Treatment,\\nward for a moment and, while so doing, thrust a\\nfinger far backward into the mouth and depress the\\ntongue forward. This favors the escape of a small\\nquantity of water or mucus, or other substances, often\\ncollected at the base of the tongue, which tends to clear the\\nobstruct the entrance of air to the lungs. The bar- mouth and\\nbarous practice of rolling the person over a barrel, or throat.\\nhanging him head downward, to permit the escape\\nof water from the lungs, has almost ceased, in view\\nof the fact, now generally known, that no water gets\\ninto the lungs.\\nIf it is possible to get blankets or some other dry\\ncoverings, the body should be rapidly stripped of its\\nclothing and placed in them. The extremities should Make hot\\nbe rubbed with the dry hands, and heated flannels ap- applications.\\nplied to the rest of the body, which should lie almost\\nflat. If these things can be done in a house nearby,\\n(fir Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "16\\nDROWNING.\\nCondition of\\nthe blood in\\nasphyxia.\\nSylvester s\\nMethod of\\nartificial\\nrespiration.\\nSylvester s\\nMethod of\\nartificial\\nrespiration.\\nso much the better but no time should be lost in trans-\\nporting the body.\\nThe following is the condition of affairs: Each\\natom of the body requires arterial blood, which is\\nblood purified in the lungs by exposure to the air\\nbreathed. The purification has been suspended, and\\nto that extent the life of the body is suspended. Move-\\nments of the chest, by which air is inhaled, are at a\\nstandstill, and cannot, of themselves, be resumed. If\\nartificial breathing can be carried out for some time, it\\nwill be seen that these impurities may be so far re-\\nmoved that natural respiration can take place. Two\\nmethods are usually employed for the purpose the\\nfirst and best known being Sylvester s Ready\\nMethod.\\nThis consists, after the above suggestions have been\\ncarried out, in pulling the tongue forward in order to\\nfavor the passage of air along the base of the tongue\\ninto the trachea (windpipe), and then in drawing the\\narms away from the sides of the body and upward,\\nso as to meet over the head, by means of which the\\nribs are raised (expansion of the chest), by the pectoral\\nmuscles running from them to the arms near the\\nshoulder. A vacuum is thus created in the lungs, the\\nair rushes in, and the blood is then purified by the\\npassage of the impure gases in the blood-vessels to the\\nair, and by the giving up by the air of a portion of its\\noxygen to the blood. The arms are now brought\\ndown to the sides, and the elbows made to almost\\nmeet over what is called the pit of the stomach. This\\nproduces contraction of the walls of the chest, and\\nexpulsion of the impure air from the lungs.\\nThese two movements constitute an act of respira-\\ntion, and should be persisted in, without interruption,\\nK29 Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. ok New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "DROWNING.\\n17\\nat the rate of about sixteen to the minute. In other F requencyo f\\nwords, each complete movement should occupy about respiratory\\nfour seconds, which is about the natural rate of respira- acts,\\ntion in health.\\nIt is sometimes quite difficult to keep the tongue\\nfrom slipping backward, and when it does so, it tends\\nto prevent the air from rushing into the windpipe. It\\nis a good plan to draw it foward by holding its tip\\nwith a handkerchief or dry cloth. If it is too slip-\\npery it may be necessary to pass a hatpin or a hairpin Keep the\\nor a needle with a coarse thread right through the tongue for-\\ntongue. The tongue should be gently drawn forward ward\\nwith each inspiratory act and allowed to slip back\\ngently with each expiratory act.\\nThe second Ready Method, as it is called, is that\\nof Marshall Hall\\nThe person whose breathing is to be restored is\\nplaced flat on the face, gentle pressure is then made\\non the back, the pressure removed, the body turned\\nInsure in The Mittual Life Insurance Co. op New York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "18\\nDROWNING.\\nMarshall\\nHall s\\nMethod of\\nartificial\\nrespiration.\\nAdvantage\\nof previous\\npractice.\\nCramps\\nwhen swim-\\nming.\\nAfter-\\ntreatment of\\ndrowning.\\non its side, or a little beyond that. The body is then\\nturned again on the face, where gentle pressure is\\nagain used to the back, then turned on the side. This\\nshould be done about sixteen times in a minute.\\nBoth of these methods have the same object in view\\neither may be exclusively used, or one may be al-\\nternated with the other. Most physicians express a\\npreference for the first described Ready Method of\\nSylvester. Both of these procedures should be prac-\\nticed, in advance, by the reader, because such practice\\nis more easilv remembered than a concise rule. There\\nare few people in an ordinary life, who will not find\\nit useful to have knowledge of this kind at their\\nfingers end.\\nIn speaking of the restoration of persons drowned,\\nit is often said that they were good swimmers and\\nmust have been attacked with cramps. This is a\\nspasmodic contraction of the muscles beyond the\\ncontrol of the individual, and occurs after exhaustion\\nof the muscles from over-exertion. Persons suffering\\nfrom debility should never be induced to go be-\\nyond their depth in the water, or out of reach of\\nimmediate assistance. There is no warning in ad-\\nvance of the seizure, and the person sinks at once.\\nMany lives are lost each season, in shallow as well as\\nin deep water, from these seizures, which could have\\nbeen avoided had the bather, perhaps just recovering\\nfrom an attack of sickness, or even indisposition, not\\nneglected the precautions mentioned.\\nRecovery from asphyxia by drowning can scarce-\\nly be expected to take place after an immersion of\\nfive or six minutes, although there are well-authenti-\\ncated cases where restoration has taken place after\\nan immersion of as much as twenty minutes. The\\n(t^* Insure in Thb Mutual Life Insurance Co, op New Toek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "DROWNING HANGING. 19\\neffort ought to be made, and persisted in until the\\narrival of a physician, or for at least a couple of hours.\\nAs soon as returning vitality permits, some brandy in\\na little water may be given and, as the strength of\\nthe person is usually completely exhausted by mus-\\ncular efforts of the most violent and continued charac-\\nter to save himself from drowning, some beef-tea or\\nother easily digested nourishment should be given.\\nHe should be kept in bed, very quiet and comfortably\\nwarm for some hours at least.\\nHANGING.\\nHere death results from asphyxia induced by pres-\\nsure applied to the trachea (windpipe) from the out- Asphyxia\\nside, as in strangling, or hanging. The body, if hang- from\\ning, should be at once cut down, care being taken not an ing\\nto let it fall. Remove by the finger, as in the\\ndirections in drowning, any accumulation of mucus\\nat the base of the tongue, and place the body on\\nthe back, just as directed for a person taken from the\\nwater. If the body is still warm, after removal of the\\nclothing, the face, head, neck and chest should be\\ndashed freely with cold water. To do this success-\\nfully, a person should stand six feet or more away\\nwith a bowl of cold water, and then throw its contents\\nwith as much force as possible against the person.\\nThis having been repeated a number of times, the\\nwater should be rapidly wiped off with a towel. There\\nis little essential difference in the condition of a per-\\nson who has been hanged and one who has been Treatment,\\ndrowned. In both it is asphyxia; in one case, the air\\nhas been kept from the lungs by a ligature in the other\\nby a liquid. Artificial respiration in both of them\\ntW Insure in Thk Mutual Life Insueanck Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20\\nHANGING SUFFOCATION\\nmust be used, assisted for the same reason and in the\\nsame manner by like auxiliaries.\\nThere is an impression, quite prevalent among the\\nignorant, that a penalty is incurred at law for cutting\\ndown the body of a person found hanging, unless the\\nsanction of the coroner is obtained. Such delay is un-\\nnecessary and unjustifiable; and an effort should at\\nonce be made to restore suspended animation by the\\nmethods given.\\nAsphyxia\\nfrom\\nsuffocation,\\nSUFFOCATION.\\nThere are several gases which, when inhaled, are\\nfollowed by symptoms of asphyxia. The little valve\\n(epiglottis) over the entrance of the trachea (wind-\\npipe) is so extremely sensitive that it will not even\\npermit a drop of water to pass without a spasmodic\\nclosure of the opening, followed by coughing. It is\\nnot only sensitive to solids and liquids, but also to\\nthe presence of most gases. At one time it was\\nthought that all gases were taken past it into the lungs,\\nand thence absorbed into the blood. The prevailing\\nopinion now is that most of them irritate the valve at\\nthe entrance of the trachea, and closure of the entrance\\nfollows. The breathing is thus interrupted much as\\nit is in drowning, where the liquid cuts off the passage\\nof air to the lungs or as in hanging, where the ligature\\nprevents the entrance of air. In such cases death\\nresults from asphyxia.\\nCarbonic-\\nacid gas.\\nCARBONIC-ACID GAS.\\nAsphyxia by this gas takes place as soon as the per-\\nson inhales it. A sudden sense of suffocation is felt,\\nwith dizziness and inability to stand. If the individual\\n(Cyinsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op Nrw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "SUFFOCATION. 21\\nis standing at the time the air is taken into the lungs,\\nand falls, he is in a position while down to inhale still\\nmore of the carbonic-acid gas, for it is heavier than\\nthe air.\\nThis gas, sometimes known under the name of\\nchoke damp, is produced in the ordinary process\\nof fermentation, in burning and slacking lime; it is Where\\nalso found in mines, particularly coal mines, and in oun\\nwells, cellars or caves which have long been closed.\\nIt is considerably heavier than the atmosphere, and\\nis consequently found lying on the floor of the cavity\\nwhere confined.\\nNo well, vat, old cellar, or cavern of any kind, should\\never be entered without first lowering a lighted candle\\ninto the deepest point. If the flame is extinguished,\\nor burns dimly, this indicates the presence of this tecte( j an( j\\ngas, and no one, under any circumstances, should dislodged,\\nbe permitted to enter until this foul air has been re-\\nmoved. It lies at the bottom, because it is too heavy\\nto ascend. It is not so heavy, however, but that a\\nstrong current of common air will dislodge it. Buckets\\nof water dashed down into the well, or masses of\\nlighted shavings or blazing paper, give enough\\nmovement to the carbonic-acid gas to dislodge it from\\nits resting place. Freshly slacked lime also rapidly\\nabsorbs it. After testing the success of the efforts\\nby again introducing the lighted candle, it can soon\\nbe known whether a person may enter with impunity.\\nSometimes there may be no carbonic-acid gas in\\nthe cavity, but the efforts of the workmen will dislodge\\nit from an adjacent space into the one in which they\\nare breathing. This possibility should never be lost\\nsight of.\\n(S3T Insure in Thb Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yore.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "22\\nSUFFOCATION.\\nHow to re-\\nmove a per-\\nson over-\\ncome by\\ncarbonic-\\nacid gas.\\nTreatment.\\nWhen a person appears overcome by this carbonic-\\nacid gas, he is, of course, wholly unable to help\\nhimself, and must at once be removed. Sometimes\\na grapnel-hook can be used with advantage, but\\noften the better way is to rapidly lower some bold,\\nclear-headed person, with a rope securely fastened\\naround his middle, who can seize and bring to the sur-\\nface the unfortunate individual. No time should be\\nlost in descending or arising, as the person lowered\\ndepends upon doing everything during the interval\\nthat he can hold his breath; for, of course, should\\nhe inhale the gas, his position, in this respect, would\\nbe but little better than the man he attempts to suc-\\ncor. A large sack is sometimes thrown over the head\\nand shoulders of the person who descends. It contains\\nenough air to serve for several inhalations, while the\\ntexture of the material prevents the admission of the\\ndeleterious gas in a hurtful degree.\\nThe person suffering from asphyxia, immediately\\nafter being brought out from the gas, should be\\nplaced on his back, the neck and throat bared, and\\nany other obstacles to breathing quickly removed. His\\nbody should then be quickly stripped, and if he has\\nnot fallen into water on being overpowered by the\\ngas, his head, neck and shoulders should be freely\\ndashed with cold water.\\nRemember, this is not sprinkling, as commonly\\npracticed, but, as said before, a person should stand\\noff some distance, with a bowl of cold water, and\\nthrow its contents, with as much force as possible,\\nagainst the parts. Other bowlfulls should follow with-\\nout an interval for half a minute, while one can count\\nthirty slowly, then the dripping water be wiped away\\nby a towel. This procedure should be repeated from\\n(ZS~ Insuro in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "SUFFOCATION. 23\\ntime to time, as required. Sometimes, if a brook of\\nwater is near, the stripped person might be repeatedly\\ndipped into it, care being taken, of course, not to dip\\nhis face. Artificial respiration should be used as soon\\nas possible.\\nIf the person has fallen into water and become\\nchilled, the use of the cold water, in this manner, should\\nbe avoided, as the evaporation of the moisture ab-\\nsorbs more heat than can be manufactured by the\\nexhausted and overpowered system. In such a case,\\nthe body of the person should be put into a warmed\\nbed, with hot applications, and artificial respiration\\n(p. 16) at once established, as in the asphyxia from\\ndrowning and hanging.\\nWhile artificial respiration is being used, friction ap-\\nplied to the limbs should be kept up.\\nBURNING CHARCOAL.\\nCarbonic-oxide, a very poisonous gas, is given\\noff during the burning of charcoal, and when sp yxla\\ninhaled for a sufficient length of time, rapidly proves bonic-oxide\\nfatal. The person quickly drops insensible, and dies gas.\\nof asphyxia, very similarly to one who succumbs to\\ncarbonic-acid gas. The treatment there advised under\\nthe previous heading should at once be carried out.\\nANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL.\\nThese also, when burned in a close room, as a\\nkitchen shut up for the night with an open stove of\\nburning coals, give off, to a degree, the peculiar Asphyxia\\npoisonous gas alluded to as coming from burning char- f rom burn\\ncoal, carbonic-oxide gas, as well as other noxious lng coa\\ngases. Persons sleeping in such a room, unless awak-\\nened as the air becomes fouled, will soon be found\\n(C^* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "24\\nSUFFOCATION.\\nAsphyxia\\nfrom\\nordinary\\ngas.\\nAsphyxia\\nfrom foul air\\nin drains\\nand privies.\\nsenseless or dead. The treatment should be as de-\\nscribed in the preceding pages, under asphyxia from\\ninhaling carbonic-acid gas.\\nCOMMON BURNING GAS.\\nPersons retiring at night often leave the gas turned\\ndown, and the flame becomes extinguished. Enough\\ngas may then escape to give trouble to the sleeper un-\\nless the room is well ventilated. Persons have been\\nknown to blow it out as they would a candle, and\\nsuffocation more or less complete has followed.\\nTreat as in the asphyxia from carbonic-acid gas\\njust described.\\nFOUL AIR IN DRAINS AND PRIVIES.\\nThis usually consists of sulphuretted hydrogen, and\\narises from the decomposition of the residual matters\\nfound in these situations. Great caution, on this ac-\\ncount, should always be observed on opening and\\nentering such places, or places in possible communica-\\ntion with them, especially if they have been long closed.\\nA small quantity of pure sulphuretted hydrogen, if in-\\nhaled, is usually fatal but, in the cases referred to,\\nthe gas usually exists diluted with common air. The\\nbreathing becomes difficult, the person loses his\\nstrength, falls, becomes insensible and cold, lips and\\nface are blue, and the mouth is covered with bloody\\nmucus.\\nThe person should be removed as quickly as pos-\\nsible beyond the influence of the foul air, and the\\ntreatment under the head of Carbonic-Acid Gas\\npursued.\\nThe possibility of such a disaster should always\\nbe borne in mind in opening long-closed drains or\\nPP Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op Nbw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "SUFFOCATION LIGHTNING. 25\\nprivy-vaults, and the danger lessened by taking a few\\npounds of chloride of lime (bleaching powder), dis-\\nsolving it in a pailful of water, and dashing it into the\\ncavity. In the absence of this, lime and water in the\\nform of the common whitewash may be employed.\\nThis gas readily combines with lime, to that extent\\nfreeing the air of the poisonous compound.\\nFOREIGN BODTES IN THE THROAT.\\nA piece of food or some other body often gets back\\ninto the mouth, and cannot be swallowed. In such a\\ncase, the finger will often be able to thrust it down- Foreign\\nward, should that be thought best. A hairpin, body in the\\nstraightened and bent at the extremity, will often\\ndrag it out. If the body is firm in character, a pair\\nof scissors, separated at the rivet, and one blade held\\nby the point, will furnish a loop, which often can be\\nmade to extract it.\\nACCIDENTS FROM LIGHTNING.\\nA person struck by lightning is usually rendered\\nmore or less unconscious, the unconsciousness struck by\\nlasting for a longer or shorter time. Cases are on lightning.\\nrecord where a person struck exhibited no sign of\\nlife for an hour, and then recovered. Temporary par-\\nalysis of a portion of the body may remain for a while,\\nor a disturbance of some special function, such as the\\nsight, smell, taste, or hearing. When death takes\\nplace, it is from shock to the brain and nervous system.\\nWhen the person exhibits little or no signs of life, Treatment,\\nthe clothing should be rapidly removed and the\\nbody exposed to a dashing of cold water then dried,\\nplaced in bed, and warmth applied, particularly to the\\nInsure in Thk Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "26 LIGHTNING 3URNS.\\npit of the stomach, by means of glass or rubber\\nbottles filled with hot water.\\nArtificial respiration should be kept up until the\\nparts of the brain and nervous system in charge of this\\nduty shall have recovered enough to attend to it. As\\nsaid before, recoveries after an hour of supposed death\\nare on record.\\nSome stimulant, as brandy (teaspoonful) or the\\naromatic spirits of ammonia (twenty drops in a table-\\nspoonful of water), repeated in a few minutes, may be\\ngiven.\\nBurns caused by lightning should receive the same\\nattention as a burn from any other cause. Some-\\ntimes an injury observed is not directly due to the\\nelectricity, but to a fragment detached by that agent\\nfrom a neighboring substance.\\nBURNS AND SCALDS.\\nWhen the clothing catches fire, throw the person\\nPut the fire down on the ground, so that the flames will not\\nout. rise toward the mouth and nostrils. Then with-\\nout a moment s delay, roll the person on the\\ncarpet, or, if possible, in a hearth-rug, so as to\\nstifle the flames. If no rug can be had, use your coat.\\nKeep the -flame as much as possible from the face, so\\nas to prevent the entrance of the hot air into the lungs.\\nThis can be done by beginning at the neck and\\nshoulders with the wrapping.\\nIf the burn or scald involves considerable surface,\\nsymptoms of shock from the extreme of mere weak-\\nness to that of utter prostration appear. This at once\\nrequires prompt attention, and a few drops of aromatic\\nspirits of ammonia in water, or a little brandy, should\\nEg* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "BURNS. 27\\nbe given and repeated in a few moments until a return\\nof the strength is apparent. A burn, superficial as far\\nas depth is concerned, but covering a large surface, Shock from\\nespecially in the case of small children and aged burns,\\npeople, is usually considered more serious than a\\nburn smaller in extent, but deeper and more com-\\nplete. If there is reason to suppose that hot air or\\nsteam has been inhaled, no time should be lost in ob-\\ntaining the opinion of a physician as to the result of\\nthe injury to the throat and lungs.\\nTreatment. The burnt surface should be cleansed\\ncarefully by allowing water to trickle over it.\\nThe skin over a blister should not be cut off, but\\nshould be snipped with scissors near the edge, and Treatment,\\nthe water gently squeezed out. This allows the skin\\nto remain as a protective. If the blister re-forms it\\nmay be necessary to repeat this operation.\\nIf the burn or scald is slight in character, one of the\\nbest applications is the cold water dressing, p. 32,\\nkeeping the linens used constantly wet.\\nIn more severe cases a very good application is\\ncarron oil, which is a mixture of linseed oil and lime-\\nwater in equal parts. Sweet-oil alone is very good.\\nVaseline, with a little boric acid rubbed up with it, is\\nalso very soothing. Lard and baking soda mixed will\\nrelieve pain.\\nWheaten flour is often dusted over the burn but\\nthis, with the discharges, hardens, and is of as little p lour or\\ncomfort as an application of small crusts of bread cotton-wool\\nwould be to the injured part. Cotton wool (carded n \u00c2\u00b0t to be\\ncotton, cotton batting) is often used, but the fibers be- used\\ncome imbedded in the discharges, and then cannot be\\ndetached without pain and disturbance of the wound.\\nTalcum powder, or Fuller s Earth, is very useful as\\n(XW Insure in Thb Mutual Lipe I.vsctbanci Co. op New Yobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "28\\nBURNS.\\nVery simple\\nmeasures.\\nIf shock or\\npain is\\npresent.\\nScalds.\\ndrying powders after the blister has been cut, or\\nany of the skin becomes detached.\\nIf the burn or scald, particularly the latter, is super-\\nficial in character, a simple and useful dressing is the\\napplication by brush or a soft wisp of old muslin,\\nof the white of egg to the injury. As soon as the first\\nlayer dries, another should be used. A lather of soap\\nfrom the shaving-cup, applied by the brush in the same\\nway, is often followed by immediate relief. These\\nsubstances protect from the action of the air the ir-\\nritated nerves beneath.\\nIf a physician has been sent for, it is better not to\\nmake any domestic applications to the burned parts.\\nSuch things frequently prevent him from using those\\nbetter adapted, and keep him from forming a cor-\\nrect estimate of the real extent of the injuries.\\nIf there is much shock and depression, stimulants\\nwill be needed, such as aromatic spirits of ammonia,\\nbrandy or whisky. If there is much pain, laudanum\\ncan be given, five drops every two or three hours, until\\nfour or five doses have been administered.\\nBurns and scalds practically differ but little from\\neach other. Scalds are usually more confined to the\\nouter cuticle, unless the substance containing the heat\\nis viscid in character, as oil, pitch, etc., and does not\\nrapidly run off the part with which it came in contact.\\nAs far as popular assistance is concerned, the two may\\nbe regarded as presenting no essential difference.\\nBurns by\\nlime, caustic\\npotash and\\nother\\nalkalies.\\nBURNS BY LIME, CAUSTIC POTASH, AND OTHER ALKALIES.\\nAs a rule, these are troublesome, since there is not\\nonly removal of the cuticle (superficial skin), but de-\\nstruction of the soft parts below. Lime is a powerful\\nalkali, and rapidly destroys the parts with which it\\n(J^- Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "BURNS CONTUSIONS. 29\\ncomes in contact. As it is useless to attempt to pick\\nit off, an application should at once be made of some-\\nthing to unite with the alkali, so as to form a compara-\\ntively harmless preparation. Vinegar diluted with\\nwater, lemon juice or any other dilute acid will\\nanswer. These things do not undo what has been\\ndone they only prevent further mischief. The subse-\\nquent treatment is the same as for burns. And what\\nhas been said about the alkali known as lime, may be\\nsaid about other alkalies, potash, soda, ammonia, etc.\\nBURNS BY ACIDS SULPHURIC ACID (OIL OF VITRIOL),\\nNITRIC ACID (AQUA FORTIs), ETC.\\nAs alkalies destroy the living tissue they come in\\ncontact with, so will acids of sufficient concentration.\\nIn such cases, applications of water will dilute\\nthem beyond their capacity to injure. Alkalies neu- Burns h y\\ntralize acids into harmless preparations, and cooking\\nsoda, washing-soda or saleratus can be used for\\nthis purpose. Common earth, gathered almost any-\\nwhere, applied in handfuls, contains alkali enough of\\none kind or another to entitle it to the consideration of\\nbeing one of the best (and at the same time most easily\\nsecured) applications in cases of burns by acids.\\nCONTUSIONS.\\nThese common injuries are termed bruises by\\nmost people, and are the only injuries, besides Contusions\\nwounds and fractures, produced by blows or pressure, or bruises.\\nThe injury may be of the simple form; only a slight\\nshaking or jarring of the texture, with no visible\\nchange, except what results from the rupture of the\\n(\u00c2\u00a3g~ Insure in The Mutual Life Lvsubance Co. op Nkw Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "30\\nCONTUSIONS.\\nSymptoms.\\nTreatment,\\nblood-vessels. This is the most frequent. In the\\nmore severe but less frequent form, the contusion\\nmeans broken blood-vessels, muscles, and tissues be-\\ntween and around them; the parts are thoroughly\\ncrushed, sometimes to a pulp, damaged beyond re-\\ncovery, and ready to perish in the gangrene resulting\\nfrom the extreme form of such an injury.\\nIn contusions, the first conspicuous symptom is that\\nof shock, which generally, but not always, bears a\\nrelation to the extent of the injury. Thus a crushed\\nfinger is attended, as a rule, with much less shock\\nthan a crushed hand or foot. Contusion of certain\\nparts, as the larger joints, breasts, and other portions\\nof the body, are followed by most severe symptoms\\nof shock. The pain is not always as severe as might\\nat first be thought, for the nerves are so much injured\\nas to be deprived of their ability to receive and trans-\\nmit the necessary impression.\\nThe quantity of blood escaping from the ruptured\\nvessels depends, in a large degree, upon the size and\\nnumber of the vessels injured, but in some degree\\nupon the space in which the blGod can accumulate.\\nA single divided vessel in the scalp, owing to the loose-\\nness of the tissue in which the vessels are distributed,\\nmay permit a swelling, the result of the escape of\\nblood, extending in area over a half of one side of the\\nhead.\\nDiscoloration is due to the color of the escaped\\nblood, seen through the cuticle, and varies from black-\\nness usually indicating intense injury, through dark\\nblue, purple, crimson, down to delicate pink, indi-\\ncating only a blood-stained fluid.\\nTreatment. In the milder contusions, there is but\\nlittle shock. Should there be more, place the patient\\n(559 Insure In The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "CONTUSIONS. 31\\non the back, head not elevated, and give stimulants as\\ndirected. (See shock, p. 13). The next thing is to\\nlimit the consequences likely to ensue from the rup-\\ntured blood vessel. This is best done by lessening the\\nsupply of blood to the part by elevating this, if pos-\\nsible, above the heart, and applying cold in the shape\\nof powdered ice, tied up in towels, to the part, and\\nalong the course of the larger vessels going to the\\ninjury.\\nA large piece of ice secured in a towel, so that the\\npieces cannot escape, can be reduced to fine fragments\\nby a blow or two against the wall. After it has\\nbeen on for a time, water may be substituted in\\nthe shape of a drip or several thicknesses of wet\\ntowel may be applied, only they must be dipped in\\ncold water, squeezed out, and changed every minute\\nor two. If not changed, the wet towels really act as\\npoultices to the part, inviting what we should try to\\nprevent. When the surgeon appears, special meas-\\nures will be directed by him. Recollect it takes a\\ngreat deal of heat to convert ice into water, and water\\ninto vapor, and if the patient has not got this heat,\\nsymptoms of chilliness will be observed. When this\\nhappens the application must be stopped, and the\\nmoisture must be taken up by a towel particular at-\\ntention always being paid to keep the bed-clothing\\nand everything else perfectly dry and neat.\\nA common accident is a mashed finger from the\\nmember getting caught in a closing window, or want\\nA pitcher, or some other vessel of water, placed higher\\nthan the injured parts, with a moistened string or strip of linen.\\nOne end of the string is placed in the water, while the other\\nhangs down on the outside, so that the water will drip along\\nthe string from the vessel to the point of contusion.\\n(J2F* Insure In The Mutual Life Insurance Co. oj New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "32\\nCONTUSIONS FRACTURES.\\nMashed fin-\\nger and its\\ntreatment.\\nof precision in using a hammer. The firm bone be-\\nneath and the blow above usually contuse (bruise) the\\ntissues (veins, vessels, muscles, etc.), between, and\\noften the pain and other symptoms last some days.\\nWrap up in a bandage of old muslin, and keep con-\\nstantly wet with cold water, or some mild astringent\\nlike Pond s Extract. If there is much pain add laud-\\nanum. The discoloration and swelling may remain\\nsome days after the pain subsides. Stimulating lini-\\nments can now be used to encourage an extra flow of\\npure blood to the part and the washing away of the\\ninjured blood.\\nFRACTURES.\\nFractures,\\nvarieties of.\\nThese may be divided for our purposes into two\\nvarieties the simple and the compound. In a simple\\nfracture the bone is broken and there is some lacera-\\ntion of the soft parts around it, but no break in the\\nskin. In a compound fracture the skin over the seat\\nof the fracture is also broken, and sometimes the bone\\nprotrudes.\\nThere is always some shock, and great pain in the\\nbroken bone, especially if it is stirred. If surgical\\nassistance can be obtained without removing the pa-\\ntient, he should be left lying quietly. All that need\\nbe done is to cut the clothing over the affected part\\nand put on it cloths wet with cold water, which will\\nallay the pain to some degree. If he has to be re-\\nmoved, it will be necessary to make some kind of a\\nsplint which will hold the limb immovable. The best\\nthing for this is two pieces of board, each long\\nenough to extend beyond the joints above and below\\nthe broken bone and a little wider than the thickness\\nCKW Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "FRACTURES DISLOCATIONS. 33\\nof the limb. These boards should be well padded\\nwith cotton batting, or several layers of cloth, or\\nwool, or hay, or anything that will be soft enough\\nto take off the direct pressure of the boards. They\\nshould then be placed on each side of the limb and\\nfirmly bound to it by tying handkerchiefs or strips Treatment,\\nof cloth around them. If boards cannot be obtained,\\nanything stiff may be used, as canes or umbrellas. A\\nvery good splint for the leg is a pillow, which is placed\\nunder the leg and then bound firmly around it. The\\npatient can now be placed very gently on a stretcher,\\nmade of a shutter or a bench, and carried very care-\\nfully home. Of course it will be necessary to consult\\nsurgical advice in order to have the bone properly set.\\nIf the fracture is compound, the break in the skin\\nshould be treated like any other wound and some\\nantiseptic directly applied. (See p. 42 et seq.) Other-\\nwise the treatment is the same as for a simple fracture.\\nSimple fractures may be converted into compound\\nfractures by careless handling. Therefore never lift an\\ninjured person until you have satisfied yourself as to\\nthe presence or absence of a fracture.\\nDISLOCATIONS.\\nThese occur when one bone is displaced from an-\\nother at a joint. Little can be done to reduce them Dislocations,\\nexcept by surgical aid. If it is necessary to move the\\npatient before this can be had, it should be done very\\ngently, and the parts kept as immovable as possible.\\nIf the dislocation should be compound, as rarely hap-\\npens, the open wound should be treated antiseptically.\\n(See p. 42 et seq.) A joint which has been dislocated is\\n%W Insure in The Mctcal Life Ihsubabcb Co. op Xew Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "Sprains.\\n84 DISLOCATIONS SPRAINS WOUNDS.\\nmuch weaker than before, and can be easily dislocated\\nagain.\\nSPRAINS.\\nThese are due to the stretching and tearing of the\\nligaments around a joint, and are accompanied by\\ngreat pain and swelling.\\nHot-water applications are the best to relieve the\\npain and reduce the swelling. The joint should be\\nkept absolutely at rest. The best way to secure this is\\nto strap the joint for some distance above and below\\nwith adhesive plaster, layer upon layer. Any weak\\nspot which develops in the dressing can be easily rein-\\nforced by an extra layer or two. Care should be taken\\nthat the strapping is not so tight as to interfere with the\\ncirculation of the blood. This can be determined by\\nnoting if the part below the strapping remains warm.\\nIf it becomes cold and remains so, the strapping is\\nprobably too tight, and should be promptly removed.\\nAfter all, sprains are very unsatisfactory to treat.\\nNot infrequently they take a longer time to heal than\\na fracture, and the joint is usually left weakened.\\nWOUNDS.\\nFor systematic study, wounds may be classified ac-\\ncording to their direction, or depth, or locality; but\\nWounds, f\u00c2\u00b0 r our purpose they may be arranged after the mode\\nvarieties of. of their infliction, (i) Incised wounds, as cuts or in-\\ncisions, including the wounds where portions of the\\nbody are clearly cut off; (2) punctured wounds, as\\nstabs, pricks, or punctures; (3) contused wounds,\\nwhich are those combined with bruising or crushing\\nof the divided portions; (4) lacerated wounds, where\\n(33Tlnsur\u00c2\u00ab In Thb Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New YoniO", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "WOUNDS. 35\\nthe separation of tissue is effected by or combined with\\ntearing of them; (5) poisoned wounds, including all\\nwounds into which any poison, venom or virus is in-\\nserted.\\ni\\nAny of these wounds may be attended with ex-\\ncessive hemorrhage or pain or the presence of dead\\nor foreign matter. As all wounds tend to present\\nseveral common features, a few words will be said\\nabout these before describing the distinctive charac-\\nteristics of each.\\nThe first is hemorrhage (bleeding). This depends,\\nas to quantity, upon several conditions, the chief of\\nwhich is the size of the blood-vessels divided; and,\\nto a degree, upon the manner in which it has been\\ndone. A vessel divided with a sharp instrument pre-\\nsents a more favorable outlet for the escape of blood H h\\nthan one that has been divided with a blunt or serrated f rom\\ninstrument, or one that has been torn across. Except wounds,\\nin the first named, the minute fringes or roughness\\nnecessarily left around the edges of the vessel at the\\npoint of division retard the escape of blood and fur-\\nnish points upon which deposits of blood, in the shape\\nof clots, can take place. Hence, all other things being\\nequal, an incised wound is usually attended with more\\nhemorrhage than contused or lacerated wounds.\\nThe bleeding may be simply an oozing from the\\nsmallest blood-vessels, called the capillaries. This Capillary\\nform of bleeding is not of much consequence, and can hemorrhage,\\neasily be checked.\\nIt may be from a vein, and is then called venous.\\nThe veins are larger vessels, which are carrying the\\nblood back to the heart. The blood from them is emorr t a e\\nfrom veins.\\npurple and flows evenly without any force.\\n{XW Insure in Thb Mutual Lipb Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "36\\nWOUNDS.\\nHemorrhage\\nfrom\\narteries.\\nOther\\nsymptoms\\nof wounds.\\nThe bleeding may be from an artery, and is then\\ncalled arterial. The arteries are large distributing\\nvessels which carry the blood from the heart to the\\nextremities. The blood from them is bright red and\\nflows in pulsations or jets, with some force. This is\\nthe most dangerous form of bleeding and the hardest\\nto control.\\nWhile we are not able sometimes to tell the kind\\nof hemorrhage from a given wound, we should al-\\nways try to determine it, for there may be consider-\\nable difference in the treatment.\\nThere is always some pain present in a wound, and\\nthis varies largely with the location and extent of the\\ninjury. Often it is not near as much as we expect to\\nfind.\\nIn wounds of large size there is some shock, and\\nwhen the wound is very extensive and crushing, the\\nstate of shock may be profound, even up to uncon-\\nsciousness. In some people the mere sight of blood\\nmay be enough to cause fainting. This, of course, is\\nvery different from shock and much easier to treat.\\nTreatment.\\nTREATMENT.\\nThere are several indications to meet in the treat-\\nment of a wound, and it can best be described under\\nthe following heads\\nFirst To stop bleeding.\\nSecond To clean the wound.\\nThird To dress the wound.\\nFourth To relieve the other symptoms.\\nFirst. Nature stops bleeding by causing the blood\\nto coagulate into little clots, which plug up the open\\nmouths of the divided blood-vessels and prevent any\\nmore blood from flowing out. The smaller the blood-\\n(B^* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "WOUNDS. S7\\nvessel and the more sluggish the current of blood in\\nit, the quicker this is done. Therefore, this coagula- How\\ntion occurs quickest in the capillaries, next in the st0 p the\\nveins, and last of all in the arteries. All that we can hemorrhage,\\ndo is to aid nature in this by making the current of\\nblood flow slower or by making the mouths of the\\nvessels smaller.\\nIf the wound is small and the bleeding mostly capil-\\nlary oozing, the part should be elevated, and firm\\npressure applied directly to the wound, preferably\\nthrough a clean wet cloth. A few minutes of this will ca piiiaries\\nusually be enough. If it does not, we can try again,\\nor we can apply water just as hot as can be borne with-\\nout scalding, or we can apply pressure with a piece\\nof ice wrapped up in a clean handkerchief or thin cloth.\\nHeat and cold contract the blood-vessels, and pressure\\nnot only does this, but slows the current of blood.\\nIf the bleeding is from a small vein, the above meas-\\nure will usually be enough. If the vein is larger, the\\npressure may have to be applied for some time. To from veins\\ndo this, roll up a handkerchief or clean cloth into a\\nsmall hard wad, wet it thoroughly and then bind it\\nfirmly over the wound by means of another handker-\\nchief or a strip of cloth. It may have to be kept on\\nfor some hours before the clots in the vessels are\\nstrong enough. The pressure should be sufficient to\\ncheck the bleeding entirely.\\nIf the bleeding is from a small artery, the above\\nmeasures will often be enough, but if the artery is\\nof any size, they alone will not do. As arterial bleed- from artenes\\ning is very fast, whatever we do must be done quickly.\\nWe must bear in mind that besides applying pressure\\nand heat or cold directly to the wound, what we wish\\nto do is to slow the current of blood in the artery so\\n(E\u00c2\u00a9~ Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "38\\nWOUNDS.\\nthat firm clotting can take place. Now the blood is\\nflowing in the artery from the heart to the wound.\\nTherefore, if we can compress the artery above the\\nwound, we diminish or stop altogether the flow of\\nblood toward the wound. We will first consider the\\ncase of a wound in the upper extremity. The large\\nCourse of the artery which supplies the arm passes out of the chest\\nmain artery oyer the first rib and un( j er t he collar-bone. It then\\nreaches the side of the arm just behind and below the\\nfront fold of the arm-pit. It now passes down the\\nside of the arm, gradually turning to the front, until,\\nat the elbow, it is right in the middle. Its course is\\nshown in the accompanying cut.\\nof the upper\\nextremity.\\nNote The arm and forearm, with dotted lines, indicate the\\ncourse of the arteries, and points at which pressure can be most\\njudiciously applied.\\nThe arrow points the course of the current of the blood of\\nthe artery, from the heart to the extremities.\\n(B2P*Iiisure in Tub Mutual Life Insueance Co. of New Toes.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "WOUNDS.\\n89\\nThe part under the collar-bone is called the sub-\\nclavian artery, that in the arm-pit the axillary, and\\nthat along the side of the arm the brachial. Pressure\\ncan best be applied along the brachial, the pulsations T\\nof which can be felt. It should be outward and slightly of arter a i\\nbackward against the bone, and can easily be done by hemorrhage\\nmeans of the fingers or thumbs firmly applied. While from the\\none person is doing this, another can tie in a handker- u PP er\\nchief a small round stone or a piece of wood or a extremit y-\\nwatch, or anything that is hard. If nothing like that\\ncan be found, tie several firm hard knots into one\\nmass in the middle of the handkerchief. Lay the\\nstone or knot over the artery right by the fingers\\nthat are compressing it. Then tie the ends of the\\nhandkerchief around the arm in a loose knot, through\\nwhich is slipped a stick. By twisting this around and\\naround we tighten the handkerchief until the blood\\n(SSf Insure in Thb Motdal Lipb Insctbancb Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "40\\nWOUNDS.\\nCourse of the\\nmain artery\\nof the lower\\nextremity.\\nentirely stops flowing, but no tighter. This consti-\\ntutes a Spanish windlass and is very effective. Its\\napplication is well shown in the preceding cut (p. 39).\\nIf the wound is in the forearm, we apply this just\\nabove the elbow. If the wound is high up in the arm,\\nit may be necessary to compress the subclavian. This\\nis done by thrusting the fingers or the handle of a\\nlarge key firmly down behind the collar-bone and\\npressing the artery firmly against the first rib. It is\\ndifficult and painful to maintain pressure here for\\nany great length of time.\\nIn the lower extremity the artery reaches the thigh\\njust where it joins the abdomen, and it can easily be\\nfelt pulsating about the; middle of the groin. It then\\npasses down the inner surface of the thigh, gradually\\nturning backward until it can be felt at the back of the\\nNote The thigh and groin, with dotted lines, suggest the\\ncourse of the large arteries, and point at which pressure can be\\nmost successfuly used.\\nThe arrow indicates the direction of the current of the blood\\nof the artery, from the heart to the extremities.\\n(tt^*Insure in The Mittual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "WOUNDS.\\n41\\nknee in the middle between the cords. In the thigh\\nit is called the femoral artery, back of the knee the\\npopliteal. Its course is shown in the preceding dia-\\ngram (p. 40).\\nPressure can be used as indicated, and the applica-\\ntion of the Spanish windlass is well shown in this cut\\nTreatment\\nof arterial\\nhemorrhage\\nin the lower\\nextremity.\\nIf the wound is below the knee, we can usually con-\\ntrol the hemorrhage by applying pressure to the pop-\\nliteal artery, although as this is rather deeply situated,\\nwe may find it necessary to apply it to the femoral as\\nshown in the above cut.\\nIf an artery in the scalp is cut, firm pressure over\\nand around the wound will always control it.\\nIt is well to remember in a great emergency that\\nnearly any bleeding can be checked for a time by Direct\\nthrusting the fingers into the wound and pressing di- pressure,\\nrectly upon the bleeding point.\\nSecond. After the bleeding has entirely stopped,\\nthe next step is the cleansing of the wound. First\\n(|^*Insure in The Mutual Life Insubance Co. op New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "42\\nWOUNDS.\\nCleaning of\\nthe wound.\\nWays in\\nwhich\\nwounds\\nheal.\\nwe ought to make sure that our hands and our clothes\\nare thoroughly clean. We should scrub our hands\\nwith soap and hot water and a nail-brush. It is ad-\\nvisable, if possible, to boil the cloths we use and the\\nwater we need for washing the wound. The surface\\naround the wound should be thoroughly washed with\\nsoap and water. The wound itself should be very\\ngently washed, and any clots lying on its surface\\ncarefully wiped or washed away. Then all the soap\\nshould be washed away with plenty of water. After\\nthis we should apply liberally to the surface of the\\nwound, and all around it, one of the following solu-\\ntions: Carbolic acid, 1-30; or corrosive sublimate,\\n1-2000; or boric acid, 5-100. (See pages 164-165.)\\nThird. The next step is dressing the wound. This\\nvaries considerably, according to the nature of the\\nwound. Wounds heal usually in one of two ways, by\\nfirst intention or by granulation. Healing by first\\nintention occurs when the wound is clean and the\\nedges can be brought together and kept so. There is\\nvery little reparative material needed, the time of heal-\\ning is short, and the scar left is thin and inconspicu-\\nous. Healing by granulation occurs when the edges\\nof the wound cannot be brought together. The repara-\\ntive material is poured out abundantly on the surface of\\nthe wound in the form of little granulations. These\\ngradually increase and grow until they bridge over\\nthe gap in the tissues made by the wound. This\\ntakes a longer time, and the scar left is much larger.\\nAs the scar keeps contracting for a considerable time\\nafter the healing is completed, it sometimes causes\\nserious deformities. When a wound becomes in-\\nflamed, it is due to the presence of certain\\ngerms which multiply in the wound and irri-\\n(JtSPInsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "WOUNDS.\\n43\\ntate it. These cause suppuration, the formation\\nof matter or pus, which prevents healing by first\\nintention. These germs are very common, and can\\nonly be kept out of a wound by thorough cleanliness\\nand the use generally of some antiseptic which destroys\\nthem.\\nIf it is a small incised wound, the edges can be\\nbrought together by gentle pressure, and three or four\\nlayers of flexible collodion (see page 165) applied, for\\nsome distance around and over the wound, each layer\\nbeing allowed to dry before the next is put on. If we\\nhave not this, we can cover it with adhesive plaster.\\nIf it is a large incised wound, we have to use adhesive\\nplaster, putting the strips across the line of the wound wound,\\nand taking care that the edges of the wound are\\nbrought close together. The accompanying cut shows\\nthis very well, although the strips of plaster may have\\nto be placed closer:\\nDressing of\\nan incised\\n(J2^ Insure in The Mutual Lipb Insurance Co. o\u00c2\u00bb Nbw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "44\\nWOUNDS.\\nTreatment\\nof an\\ninflamed\\nincised\\nwound.\\nDressing of\\na lacerated\\nor contused\\nwound.\\nWe then dust liberally over the entire length of the\\nwound some dry antiseptic powder, such as iodoform,\\nbismuth subnitrate, or the bismuth and boric acid\\nmixture (see page i64). Over this we place two or\\nthree wide layers of lint, or absorbent cotton, or clean\\ncloths which have been well boiled and dried. The\\nwhole is kept in place by a few turns of a bandage\\nor strips of cloth or plaster. We are thus careful in\\nthe dressing in order to prevent suppuration. If the\\nwound does not show signs of inflammation, such as\\npain, heat and throbbing, we can leave this dressing\\non for a week or more, and when we take it off we\\nexpect to find the wound healed. When a wound be-\\ncomes inflamed, we recognize the condition by these\\nsigns. In such a case we remove the dressing and\\nsee in what part the suppuration is taking place. We\\nthen take off the strips of plaster over that part. This\\npermits the pus to escape if it has not already done\\nso. We then wash out the cavity gently, but thor-\\noughly, with one of the antiseptic solutions and dust\\ninto it one of the dry antiseptic powders. This dress-\\ning will have to be repeated every two or three days.\\nIt is of advantage to give a free purgative, such as\\nEpsom or Glauber s salts, when a wound becomes\\ninflamed.\\nIf a wound is lacerated or the edges are badly con-\\ntused, we do not expect to get healing by first in-\\ntention. We do not try to bring the edges together,\\nfor it would be useless. Hence we omit the plaster in\\ndressing such a wound, but in all other respects it\\nshould be treated like an incised wound. Inflammation\\nis much more common in this class of wounds, but\\noftentimes can be avoided by care. Even if it does\\nnot occur, we usually have to change the dressings\\n(i2P~Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "WOUNDS BITES. 45\\nevery three or four days, for the discharges from the\\nwound are very apt to soak through in that time.\\nFourth. If the wound is incised, there is little\\nshock, as a rule; but when the wound is very large\\nor much lacerated or contused, shock is apt to be quite\\nmarked. It should be treated as described on p. 13.\\nIf there is much loss of blood, fainting is apt to\\noccur. It should be treated as described on pp. 13-14;\\nbut care should be taken not to over-stimulate, for\\nthen we may start the bleeding afresh. As fainting in\\nitself causes a slowing of the blood-current, it is of\\nsome assistance in stopping hemorrhage.\\nIf there is much pain we will have to give some\\nanodyne. Laudanum is the best, in doses of five drops\\nevery two or three hours.\\nBITES.\\nIndependent of the consideration whether any\\npoison has been introduced, a bite may be regarded as\\na lacerated as well as a contused wound. There is\\nusually a good deal of sloughing of the bitten parts, Bites,\\nand no small amount of pain, owing to the nature of\\nthe wound. Care should be taken to remove from the\\nwound any particles of clothing, should any have been\\nforced into it; then wash out with tepid water and cas-\\ntile soap. Usually the part is so much contused that\\nno effort is made to secure adhesion of the opposite\\nsides of the wound but it should be treated as any\\nother lacerated, contused wound.\\nBITES OF DOGS.\\nRabid dogs are much less frequent, perhaps, than is\\ngenerally thought and a rabid dog might bite many\\n(\u00c2\u00a35P Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46\\nbite OF RABID DO 3.\\nRabies, or\\nhydro-\\nphobia.\\nTreatment of\\nthe wound.\\nhuman beings without necessarily communicating\\nhydrophobia. It is stated that of dogs bitten\\nby others known to be hydrophobic, scarcely more\\nthan one in four become affected and it is likewise said\\nthat among human beings, when no precautions are\\ntaken, not more than one in ten or fifteen are affected\\nafter being bitten. The celebrated surgeon, John\\nHunter, knew of twenty-one people who were bitten\\nby the same dog, and only one of the number had\\nthe hydrophobia. Besides, many persons have un-\\ndoubtedly died, after having been bitten, with con-\\nvulsions, not of hydrophobia, but the result of anxiety\\nand fright. One well-known physician, after having\\nbeen bitten, as a precautionary measure blew out his\\nbrains.\\nTreatment. Remove the clothing, if any, from the\\nbitten part, and apply a temporary ligature above the\\nwound. This interrupts the activity of the circula-\\ntion of the part, and to that extent delays absorption\\nof the poisonous saliva by the severed blood-vessels\\nof the wound. While other things are being hurriedly\\nprepared for, some one whose lips and mouth are\\nfree from breaks might attempt suction of the wound.\\nThe material extracted by the act, apparently chiefly\\nof blood, should of course at once be ejected from\\nthe mouth of the person giving the assistance. The\\nbite is really a lacerated and contused wound, and\\nlying in the little roughnesses, and between the shreds,\\nis this poisonous saliva. If by any means these pro-\\njections and depressions affording the lodgment can\\nbe removed, the poison must go with them. If done\\nwith a knife, the wound would be converted practically\\ninto an incised wound, and would require treatment\\nas such. If a surgeon is about, he would probably\\n(ft^Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "BITE OF RABID DOG. 47\\nstand a probe upright in the wound, and with a sharp\\nknife cut the entire injured portion out. Professional\\naid is not always at command, and in such a case it\\nwould be well to take a poker or other suitable piece\\nof iron, heat it red hot, at least, in the fire, wipe F\\noff and destroy the entire surface of the wound. As treatme nt\\nfast as destroyed, the tissue becomes white. An iron of the\\nat white heat gives less pain than one black hot, wound,\\nas smiths say; for in the latter instance the heat is\\nscarcely sufficient to destroy, but only irritates while\\nin the former, the greater heat at once destroys the\\nvitality of the part with which it comes in con-\\ntact. With a properly heated iron, not only the surface\\nis destroyed, but the destructive influence extends be-\\nyond and into the healthy tissue, far enough, if no\\npoint is neglected, to assure the purposes for which\\nit is used.\\nSome are inclined to think that if the wound is at\\nonce well wiped out, and a stick of solid nitrate of\\nsilver (lunar caustic) rapidly applied to the entire sur-\\nface of the wound, little danger is to apprehended.\\nIt acts, but in a milder degree, like the heat of the\\niron upon the tissues. In case the heat or the caustic\\nhas been used, poultices and warm fomentations\\nshould be applied to the injury to hasten the sloughing\\nof the part whose vitality has thus been intentionally\\ndestroyed.\\nThere is a strange belief among the ignorant, par-\\nticularly among the people from Ireland, that, whether g should\\nthe dog was mad or not at the time of giving the bekeptaiive\\nbite, if it should become so at any future time, the if possible,\\ndisease will appear in whatever individual the animal\\nhas bitten. A dog, after having bitten a person, is\\napt, under this mistaken belief, to be at once slain.\\nInsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "48 RABIES IN THE DOG.\\nThis should not be done, but the suspected animal\\nplaced in confinement and watched, under proper safe-\\nguards, for the appearance of the disease. Should\\nno satisfactory appearances indicate the disease in\\nthe dog, it can be seen in a moment what unneces-\\nsary mental distress can be saved the person bitten\\nand his friends.\\nMr. Youatt, whose description of canine madness is\\ngenerally quoted and accepted, says The disease\\nmanifests itself under two forms the furious form,\\ncharacterized by augmented activity of the sensorial\\nand locomotive systems, a disposition to bite and s.\\ncontinual peculiar bark. The animal becomes altered\\nin habits and disposition, has an inclination to lick\\nor carry inedible substances, is restless and snaps in\\nthe air but is still obedient and attached. Soon there\\nc is loss of appetite, and thirst: the mouth and tongue\\nSymptoms of rr\\nrabies in the swollen the eyes red, dull and half-closed the skin\\ndog. of the forehead wrinkled the coat rough and staring\\nthe gait unsteady and staggering; there is a periodic\\ndisposition to bite the animal in approaching is often\\nquiet and friendly, and then snaps latterly there is\\nparalysis of the extremities the breathing and degluti-\\ntion become affected by spasms the external surface\\nirritable, and the sensorial functions increased in ac-\\ntivity and perverted; convulsions may occur. These\\nsymptoms are paroxysmal; they remit and intermit,\\nand are often excited by sight, hearing or touch.\\nThe sullen form is characterized by shyness and\\ndepression, in which there is no disposition to bite, and\\nno fear of fluids. The dog appears to be unusually\\nquiet, is melancholy and has depression of spirits;\\nalthough he has no fear of water, he does not drink.\\n(The fear of water, it should be said, is acquired by\\n(t^ Insure in The Mutual Life Insubance Co. op New Yobk.)J", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "RABIES IN THE DOG. 49\\nexperience, the effort of swallowing being attended\\nwith spasm of the muscles of the throat, afterward\\noften extending to the rest of the muscles of the body.)\\nHe makes no attempt to bite, and seems hag-\\ngard and suspicious, avoiding society, and refusing\\nfood. The breathing is labored, and the bark is harsh,\\nrough and altered in tone the mouth is open from the\\ndropping of the jaw; the tongue protrudes and the\\nsaliva is constantly flowing. The breathing soon be-\\ncomes more difficult and laborious; there are tremors,\\nand vomiting, and convulsions.\\n(j\u00c2\u00a3g~ Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "SECTION II.\\nEMERGENCIES.\\nAs a preparation for emergencies, there can be\\nnothing better than a policy in The Mutual Life\\nInsurance Company of New York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "EARACHE. 53\\nEARACHE.\\nEvaporate the alcohol from a teaspoonful of laud-\\nanum (page 57); add half as many drops as you\\nstarted with of glycerine or sweet-oil make it milk-\\nwarm, and pour into the ear, catching hold of the tip\\nand pulling upward toward the crown of the head\\n(page 59) or, wet a scrap of linen in a teaspoonful of\\nlaudanum, dry before a fire, cut into bits, place in the\\nbowl of a tobacco-pipe, light it, cover with a coarse\\nhandkerchief, insert end of the stem (mouthpiece), Earache,\\nsuitably protected so as not to hurt, into the ear of the\\nchild. Then apply the lips to the bowl and blow the\\nsmoke from the burning opium of the laudanum into\\nthe ear. Tobacco alone can be used in the same way.\\nEither of these methods will afford instant relief in\\nmost cases. Frequent syringing with decidedly warm,\\nalmost hot water, is also highly recommended by\\neminent aurists. Tenderness, redness, or swelling of\\nthe tissues immediately behind the ear are danger\\nsignals, and should be promptly heeded, as they\\nindicate serious mischief in the underlying bony\\nstructure. Make cold applications (small compresses\\nkept on ice serve the purpose) and summon a phy-\\nsician. If the pain continues, consult a doctor with-\\nout delay. It may be the beginning of severe in-\\nflammation of the ear, which sometimes proves fatal.\\nAny chronic discharge from the ear should be\\nChronic dis-\\ntreated until it is entirely well. It may occasion very charge from\\nlittle inconvenience, but, on the other hand, it may the ear.\\ncause a severe inflammation of the brain, which is\\nusually fatal.\\nInsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "54\\nTOOTHACHE FACEACHE CROUP.\\nToothache.\\nFaceache.\\nVarieties.\\nSymptoms.\\nTOOTHACHE.\\nThis is sometimes neuralgic, and sometimes due to\\ndecay. Heat to the face outside, and a heated half of\\na fig held inside, often relieve the former kind, and\\nsometimes afford temporary relief in the latter kind.\\nIf the cavity can be cleansed out with a broom-splint\\nand filled with cotton steeped in some of the evap-\\norated laudanum much comfort will be found from it.\\nFACEACHE.\\nThis usually is neuralgic, and heat applied is always\\ngrateful. A small hop-pillow heated and held to the\\nface is useful; or the face may be bathed with lauda-\\nnum, tincture of arnica or any soothing substance.\\nMustard-plasters should not be used, as they leave a\\nconspicuous mark, and may blister. Ordinary Cayenne\\npepper mixed into stiff paste with an equal bulk of In-\\ndian-meal and honey, is quite as active and useful,\\nand does not blister the skin.\\nCROUP.\\nCroup may be either membranous or spasmodic.\\nThe former is really a variety of diphtheria, and should\\nbe treated as such. The latter is by far the more\\ncommon, however, and is often produced by the pres-\\nence of undigested or indigestible food.\\nSome young children seem peculiarly prone to this\\ntrouble. The well-known hoarseness of the voice, the\\nrough, brazen cough coming on toward night, always\\nsuggests the possibility of an attack of croup. These\\nsymptoms, showing increased difficulty of breathing,\\nrapidly grow worse, and all that is to be done must be\\ndone quickly. Of course, a physician should be sent\\nfor.\\n(J3T Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "Treatment.\\nCROUP CONVULSIONS. 55\\nThe first thing is to get the child to vomit, by giving\\nit every few minutes a teaspoonful of syrup of ipecac,\\nfollowed by draughts of warm water. As soon as\\nvomiting commences, a warm bath should be given,\\nthe skin well dried with a soft warm towel, and the\\nchild returned to bed. A properly made and carefully\\napplied warm poultice, or flannels wrung out of hot\\nwater, may be placed against the upper and front\\npart of the chest, care being taken after removing it\\nto substitute a warm, dry flannel. In doing these\\nthings, do not expose the skin to the slightest draught.\\nA mustard paste, one part mustard to 15 or 20 parts\\nof flour, is also useful, especially so if there is any ac-\\ncompanying bronchial inflammation. Small doses of\\nparagoric or sweet spirits of nitre, 10 drops of either\\nin water repeated every two hours may be given if the\\ncough is troublesome.\\nAfter the child vomits, or should it seem weak, five\\ndrops of the aromatic spirits of ammonia in a teaspoon-\\nful of water may be given every ten minutes until four\\nor five doses shall have been taken. This is for a child\\nof about two years of age.\\nThe stomach of a child susceptible to croup can-\\nnot be too carefully guarded, especially if it is suffer-\\ning from what is popularly known as a cold.\\nCONVULSIONS IN CHILDREN.\\nThese, sometimes called fits, often result from\\nundigested food in the stomach or bowels. The first\\nthing to be done is to put the child in a bath of warm Convulsions\\n-water. n children.\\nIn the course of a few minutes which seems much\\nlonger to the mother and friends the spasm relaxes\\nenough to permit an emetic to be given to dislodge\\n83F Insure in Thk Mutual Life Insurance Co. ov Nbw Yobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "56 FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE.\\nwhatever may be in the stomach. The syrup of\\nipecac, as directed under Croup, is as good as any-\\nthing else for the purpose.\\nSometimes these convulsions are one of the early\\nsymptoms of scarlet fever, measles, or other diseases\\npeculiar to childhood.\\nFOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE.\\nParticles of cinder, dust, or fragments of metal, often\\nget into the eye, and cause a good deal of trouble.\\nGenerally they are dislodged and washed out by the\\nMethods of extra secretion of tears due to the irritation, but some-\\nremoval, times it is necessary to resort to some process of ex-\\ntraction. A popular and often successful plan is to\\ntake hold of the lashes of the upper lid and separate\\nit from the eyeball, so that the lashes of the lower\\nlid will slip up in the space, acting as a brush to the\\ninner surface of the upper eyelid. This cannot, as a\\nrule, remove anything from the eyeball. A better way\\nis to hold a knitting needle or a match over the upper\\nlid, close to and just under the edge of the orbit,\\nfirmly, but without much pressure. Then seize the\\nlashes of that lid by the fingers of the disengaged\\nW Insure In The Mutual Life Insurance Co op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE.\\n57\\nRemoval, if\\nimbedded.\\nhand, and gently turn the lid upward and backward\\nover the needle, or the substitute used. Movement\\nof the eyeball by the sufferer, in a strong light, usually\\nreveals the presence of the intruding body, so that by\\nmeans of a corner of a silk or cambric handkerchief, it\\ncan be detached and removed.\\nShould the foreign body be imbedded in the mu-\\ncous membrane covering the eyeball or the eyelid (con-\\njunctiva), a steady hand and a rigid instrument will\\nusually lift it out. A very useful spud for such a pur-\\npose is the butt of a clean pen. A drop or two of\\ncocaine solution, 5 or 10 per cent., will deaden the\\nsensibility of the eye, and materially facilitate the re-\\nmoval of the foreign body. It dilates the pupil, but\\nthis effect passes off in a few hours.\\nThe foreign body often cannot be seen, but the per-\\nson assures us that he feels it. Usually he does not\\nreally feel the presence of the body, so much as the t e a fter-irn\\nroughness (really a wound) left by it. In such a case, tation.\\nor even if the body has been seen and removed, a\\nsoothing application to the injury is as useful as the\\nsame thing applied to a wound of the hand. Take a\\nspoon or cup, heat it, and pour in a few drops of\\nlaudanum. It will soon become dense and jelly-like.\\nA few drops of water added will dissolve this gummy\\nmaterial, and the liquid thus formed may be applied\\nby the finger to the inside of the eye, as they say.\\nLaudanum is opium dissolved in alcohol. The al-\\ncohol is somewhat irritating, but is easily evaporated\\nby the gentle heat, leaving an extract of opium, which\\nis dissolved in the water afterward added. A still\\nbetter application for this sense of irritation is made by\\ndissolving a teaspoonful of boric acid, either powdered\\nor crystalline, in a teacupful of warm water. A few\\nTreatment of\\n(dflnsure j n x HB Mutual Life Insurance Co. op Xew York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "58 FOREIGN BODIES IN NOSTRILS AND EAR.\\nPink-eye, or drops of this can be dropped in the eye every Half\\nconjuncti- hour or so. This is also an excellent thing for that\\nvit *s. condition of the eye known as pink-eye, or acute\\nconjunctivitis. If the inflammation is at all marked,\\nit is well to combine cold applications with the drops\\nby keeping cloths wet with ice-water constantly on the\\neye. It should be remembered that pink-eye can easily\\nbe transferred to the sound eye, or to another person,\\nand precautions should be taken to prevent this.\\nIn no case use any of the popular eye-waters or\\nsalves.\\nA not uncommon accident is the lodgment of a frag-\\nment of lime in the eye. The delicacy of the organ,\\nand the activity of this powerful alkali, require all\\nLime in the at s to e done to e done at once. Do not waste\\neye. time by attempting to pick it out, but neutralize the\\nalkali by a few drops of vinegar (which is dilute acetic\\nacid) in a little water. A few drops of lemon juice, in\\na little water, will answer just as well. Even when this\\nis done rapidly, the ulceration caused by the alkali will\\nbe some days in disappearing. In all cases where lime\\nhas entered the eye, no time should be lost in going to\\na surgeon.\\nFOREIGN BODIES IN NOSTRILS AND EAR,\\nThe curious disposition of children to insert foreign\\nbodies, as grains of coffee, corn, peas, pebbles, etc.,\\nup the nostrils, and into the ear, is too well known\\nto need more than a mere allusion. If the body is\\nsoft, it absorbs moisture from adjacent parts, becomes\\nswollen, and more difficult to remove. If the body\\nis hard, the irritation and inflammation soon set up\\nby it in contiguous parts materially increase the diffi-\\nculties of removal. Hence the sooner these sub-\\n(S^*Iiisure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yoke.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "FOREIGN BODIES IN NOSTRILS AND EAR.\\n59\\nstances are removed, the more easily will it be accom-\\nplished.\\nIf the foreign body is up the nostril, the child should\\nbe made to take a full inspiration a full breath\\nthen if the other nostril be closed with the finger, and\\nthe mouth with the hand, the air of the lungs, escaping\\nthrough the nostril closed by the foreign body,\\nassisted by a sharp blow from the palm of the hand\\nto the back, will often expel the substance.\\nIf it will not escape in this way, and it is near the\\nopening of the nostril, compression by the fingers,\\njust above, will prevent it getting further up, and it\\ncan be hooked out with the bent end of a wire or\\nbodkin. Should these measures not remove the for-\\neign body, the child must at once be taken to a\\nsurgeon.\\nForeign bodies in the ear are more troublesome to\\ndeal with. No effort to remove them with a probe, or\\nanything of the kind, should be made by any one\\nexcept a professional man, for fear of permanent in-\\njury to the ear. The head of the child, face downward,\\nshould be firmly held between the knees, and with a\\nMattson s or Davidson syringe a stream of tepid water\\nshould be injected into the ear. The nozzle of the\\nsyringe should not be introduced into the cavity, as\\nits presence may prevent the dropping out of the de-\\nsired body after the water has been forced past and be-\\nyond it.\\nShould this means not succeed, consult a surgeon\\nwithout delav.\\nInsects sometimes get into the ear. The best way\\nof getting them out is to hold the head of the person\\nwith the disabled ear upward, and fill the cavity with\\nsweet-oil or glycerine. This drowns the animal, by\\nTreatment of\\nforeign\\nbodies in the\\nnostril.\\nTreatment of\\nforeign\\nbodies in the\\near.\\nInsects in the\\near.\\n(t^TInsore in Ths Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "60\\nBLEEDING FROM NOSE AND THROAT.\\nBleeding\\nfrom the\\nnose.\\nSpitting of\\nblood.\\nclosing up its breathing pores, and in a short time it\\nfloats to the surface of the fluid used. The tube of the\\near is slightly curved, and when straightened somewhat\\nby catching hold of the upper tip, and gently pulling it\\nupward toward the crown of the head, the liquid flows\\nin more readily.\\nBLEEDING FROM THE NOSE.\\nBleeding from the nose is sometimes troublesome,\\nbut not often fatal. In severe and prolonged\\ncases professional assistance can usually be had,\\nand if not, the remedies and appliances to be\\nused, cannot be properly described here. The most\\nimportant thing is not to disturb the clot, closing\\nthe little ruptured vessels, by blowing the nose.\\nThe person should be kept flat on his back,\\nthe collar loosened and cold applied to the back\\nof the neck. Do not forget that a small\\namount of blood will stain quite deeply a large\\namount of water. One common practice should be\\ncarefully avoided that of holding the head over a\\nvessel and letting the blood drip into it from the\\nend of the nose. This attitude simply congests the\\nhead and prolongs the bleeding.\\nSPITTING OF BLOOD.\\nIf the blood comes from the lungs, it is suggestive\\nof trouble there, but not always so in young people,\\nespecially in young women. The amount of blood\\nlost is in itself rarely fatal. As salt is always given\\nin such cases, it has acquired a good deal of popular\\nconfidence for arresting the loss of blood. It and frag-\\nments of ice may be given, and the person made to\\nlie quietly on the back. Of course, a doctor should\\nbe sent for at once.\\n(Et^~ Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yoek,)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "POISON-VINE SUNSTROKE. 61\\nPOISON-VINE ERUPTION.\\nSeveral varieties of the Rhus, popularly known as\\nthe swamp-sumach or poison-sumach, poison- vine, and\\npoison-oak, when brought in contact with the skin of\\nmany persons, produce itching, redness, a sense of\\nburning, tumefaction, and even blistering. Sometimes\\nthe swelling is so great as to disguise the features. Poison-vine\\nSome persons coming within the influence of merely eru P tion\\nthe emanations from different species of the Rhus ex-\\nperience the same symptons. The poisonous effects\\nare usually observed shortly after exposure, and begin\\nto decline within a week.\\nWeak alkaline solutions say a teaspoonful of com-\\nmon baking soda to a quart of water, or even lime-\\nwater kept to the part by dipping pieces of linen in\\nthem, are useful in allaying the inflammation. The\\naddition of laudanum relieves the pain. Weakened\\nlead-water is also recommended. Cream from milk\\nis perhaps as useful as anything else.\\nSUNSTROKE.\\nOrdinary exhaustion, from overwork in a heated at-\\nmosphere, is about the only disorder likely to be con-\\nfounded with sunstroke. The distinction between the Sunstroke.\\ntwo will not be attempted here, as there is no essential\\ndifference in the treatment.\\nContrary to what is generally supposed, exposure of\\nthe head to the direct rays of the sun is not essential\\nfor sunstroke, as statistics show that it may occur in the\\nshade, under shelter, and even at night sometimes, Causes,\\neven in persons who have not been exposed to the sun\\nfor days before. Intense heat, either solar or artificial,\\nis necessary to produce it. Workmen in sugar re-\\n(S3F* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "62 SUNSTROKE.\\nfineries and laundries, engine and boiler rooms, are not\\ninfrequently subject to it.\\nSunstroke appears to be decidedly favored by intem-\\nperance and want of acclimatization, and the debility\\nwhich has been brought on by fatigue in a heated at-\\nmosphere also favors it. Occupants of badly-venti-\\nlated sleeping apartments appear to be oftener at-\\ntacked than those who sleep in purer air.\\nSymptoms. It is generally thought by the non-pro-\\nfessional that the symptoms of sunstroke come on\\nwithout any warning whatever. Most cases, however,\\nWarning are preceded by pain in the head, wandering of the\\nsymptoms. thoughts, or an inability to think, disturbed vision,\\nirritability of temper, sense of pain or weight at the\\npit of the stomach, inability to breathe with the usual\\nease and satisfaction. These symptoms become more\\nmarked until insensibility is reached, sometimes pre-\\nceded by delirium.\\nThe skin is very hot, usually dry, but when not dry,\\ncovered with profuse perspiration. The face is dusky,\\nor, as the saying is, blue breathing rapid and short,\\nSymptoms of Q r slow and sighing. The action of the heart, indi-\\nt c attack. ca ted to the hand placed over it, is weak, rapid and\\ntremulous, often compared to the fluttering of a\\nbird. In many instances, from what is popularly\\ntermed the commencement of the attack until it ends\\nin death, the patient does not move a limb, nor even\\nan eyelid.\\nThe breathing gradually fails; the blood therefore\\nis not purified in the lungs, as is indicated by the\\nlivid, purplish appearance of the surface. We are led\\nby it to conclude that death takes place by asphyxia,\\nas described under the heads Drowning, Suffoca-\\ntion, etc., pages 15-20.\\n(SE^\u00c2\u00b0 Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "SUNSTROKE. 68\\nWhile we know that certain things favor the\\ndisorder, that a high temperature is necessary to pro-\\nduce it, and advise certain measures of precaution\\nand relief, found by experience useful in such cases,\\nbut little is really known of the nature of the malady.\\nIt would seem that the great heat of the body induces\\nsome change in the character of the blood, disqualify-\\ning it for the usual purposes of blood. From this\\npeculiar condition of the blood, the portions of the\\nbrain or nervous system controlling the action of the\\nmuscles of the chest and heart lose their ability to\\nsuperintend properly the movements of breathing and\\ncirculation, and, as said before, the person dies from\\nasphyxia.\\nTreatment. The person attacked should be carried\\nat once to some shady spot. If a house in the neigh-\\nborhood has a bath-tub large enough to hold the T\\nentire body, he should be taken there. The tub should if a bath-tub\\nbe filled with cool water. If it cannot be obtained cool is available,\\nenough, ice should be added. The entire body should\\nthen be immersed, with the exception of the head,\\nover which an ice-cap should be placed. This can be\\nmade very easily by putting a large fragment of ice\\nin a towel and striking it a few times against the\\nwall, thereby breaking it into small pieces. The pa-\\ntient should be kept in the bath for ten or fifteen min-\\nutes and then placed in a bed between blankets with-\\nout being dried. If, at the end of fifteen minutes\\nmore, he shows no signs, or very feeble ones, of re-\\nturning consciousness, he should be replaced in the\\nbath and treated as before. This can be repeated at\\nintervals of fifteen minutes, until consciousness is quite\\nwell established and the bodv remains cool. After\\nbeing quite comfortable for some time, it OCCasion-\\nCt^* Insure in The Mutual Lifs Insurance Co. op New Toes.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "64\\nSUNSTROKE.\\nTreatment,\\nif a bath-tub\\nis not\\navailable.\\nOther\\nmeasures of\\ntreatment.\\nPreventive\\nmeasures.\\nally happens that the person becomes stupid and his\\nbody gets hot again. If this occurs, repeat the bath,\\nas before.\\nIf no bath-tub is available, the person should be\\nplaced in some such shady spot, as a large room,\\nthe shade of a building, or a tree. His clothing\\nshould be stripped off and his body and head thor-\\noughly sponged w th ice-water for twenty minutes,\\nusing it very liberally. This should be repeated in\\nfifteen minutes, as in the case of the bath. In fact,\\nthere is no difference in the two methods, except\\nthat by means of a tub we can apply cold water much\\nmore thoroughly.\\nArtificial respiration, until the natural breathing re-\\nturns, may be resorted to, if necessary, as soon as the\\nheated condition of the body is overcome. The dash-\\ning of cold water over the chest and face is a useful\\nmeans of encouraging a return of the suspended\\nbreathing, and is practiced in asphyxia from other\\ncauses (page 14). The ready methods of page 13,\\nhowever, had better be relied on for this purpose.\\nMedicines, it will be seen, are of little value in this\\nmalady. A stimulant, however, may be useful, and\\nthe best stimulant in all such cases, if it can be ob-\\ntained, is the aromatic spirits of ammonia, fifteen or\\ntwenty drops in a tablespoonful of water, which may\\nbe given every few minutes, until three or four doses\\nhave been taken.\\nPrevention. During very hot weather all use\\nwhatever of malt, fermented, or distilled drinks\\nshould be abstained from. Not only do they favor,\\nin a general way, a condition of the system in many\\nrespects similar to that which leads to sunstroke, but\\nthey deaden sensibility at the very time that it ought\\n(IBS Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "SUNSTROKE. 65\\nto be on the alert, and the person is less able to detect\\nslight changes in his feelings, which otherwise might\\nhave served as useful guides.\\nEverything in any way calculated to impair the\\nstrength should be avoided. Sleep is a most wonder-\\nful restorer of strength, and the want of it is often\\ncaused by a badly-assorted late meal of the evening\\nbefore. Defective ventilation leads to a condition of\\naffairs favorable to the malady under consideration.\\nEvery night a bath should be taken but as this is not\\nalways possible in every house, the entire body should\\nbe washed off each night before lying down. Labor-\\ning men who work in the sun have no excuse for\\nneglecting this, for water costs nothing, and three\\nminutes time is all that is required.\\nDrinking large quantities of cold water, merely be-\\ncause it is cold, should be avoided immediately be-\\nfore, during and after meals. The debility resulting\\nfrom the heat weakens the digestive powers, and water\\nunnecessarily used to excess at the times named tends preventive\\nstill further to retard the digestion of the food by weak- measures\\nening the solvent action of the secretions of the stom- (continued),\\nach.\\nIn other words, if there is a time above all others,\\nthe year around, when precaution for the preservation\\nof health is required, it is during the hot months of\\nsummer.\\nLoosely fitting light garments should be worn, if\\npossible. Particular attention should be given the\\nhead. It should be protected from the heat of the sun,\\nand at the same time the covering worn should favor\\nthe circulation of a free current of air over the scalp.\\nA straw hat of loose texture, with a lining to the crown\\nwhich can be kept constantly wet, ought to be worn\\nInsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "66 FROST BITE.\\nand if it has brim enough to protect the neck, and\\neven the shoulders, the wearer is more fortunate than\\nother people.\\nWhile attention should always be paid to these\\nthings in hot weather, it is particularly necessary,\\nif any symptom be observed on some special day, that\\nthe greatest care should be taken not to let it extend\\ninto an attack of sunstroke. Discontinuance of work\\nuntil the symptoms disappear, in such a case, would\\nseem to be the only course to be pursued.\\nIt is said that persons who have once suffered from\\nsiunstroke, for a long time after are unable to bear\\nmuch exposure to the heat without a recurrence of\\nthe symptoms of the malady.\\nFROST BITE.\\nExposure to severe cold often leaves the fingers and\\ntoes, nose and ears and lips, more or less frozen. This\\nFrostbite condition, short of absolute death of the part, is\\nwhere termed frost bite. It will be observed that the portions\\nlocated. of the body just enumerated are those most exposed,\\nin area, to the influence of the cold, and are furthest\\nsituated from the heart; and it will, perhaps, be un-\\nnecessary to remark that persons who are debilitated\\nare more apt to suffer with the same amount of ex-\\nposure than the robust.\\nWhen the circulation of any part begins to suc-\\ncumb to the influence of the cold, it becomes puffy,\\nbluish and smarting. This is because the blood\\nSymptoms. moves more slowly than natural through the vessels\\nexposed near the surface. Soon this blueness dis-\\nappears, and the part becomes pallid, as if the influence\\nof the cold had contracted the vessels to an extent in-\\ncompatible with the passage of blood through them.\\n(OPliisure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "FROST BITE. 87\\nThe pain at this point ceases indeed, until the sufferer\\nmeets a friend, he often does not know of his mishap.\\nAt this stage, the injury has become so great that,\\nunless proper means are taken to restore circulation,\\nthere ensues complete death of the part, which in due\\ntime sloughs away, and is detached from the living\\ntissue.\\nWhat takes place in a part of the body may take\\nplace in the whole of it, and then the person becomes\\nfrozen to death. The blood of the extremities being Kenera j\\ngradually forced from them, under the continued sub- freezing,\\njection to the cold, is driven inward upon the larger\\nblood-vessels, heart, lungs and brain. There is in-\\ncreasing difficulty in breathing, owing to the engorged\\nstate of the chest, and, what should always be remem-\\nbered by one so exposed to cold, an unconquerable de-\\nsire to sleep. To sleep then is to die. If the person\\nexihibits such a symptom, he must, by all means, be\\nkept constantly moving.\\nTreatment. Persons exposed as described, must be\\ntreated promptly, and one thing should never be Treatment of\\nlost sight of, that is, to keep the frozen person general\\naway from the heat. A person taken up insensi- freezing,\\nble, or nearly so, from exposure to the cold, should\\nbe taken into a cold room and his clothing re-\\nmoved, and be thoroughly rubbed with snow, or\\nwith cloths wrung out with ice-water. The fric-\\ntion to every part of the body, particularly the ex-\\ntremities, must be continued for some time, until\\nsigns of returning animation appear. When the frozen\\nlimbs show signs of life, the person should be carefully\\ndried put in a cold bed in a cold room artificial res-\\npiration used until the natural is established; then\\nbrandy given, also ginger-tea and beef-tea. Usually,\\n(2^ Insure in The Mutuax. Lifb Insurance Co. op New Yobk.j", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "68\\nFROST BITE CHILBLAIN.\\nTreatment of\\nfrost bite.\\nChilblain,\\nsymptoms.\\nTreatment.\\nby this time medical advice will have been secured to\\ndirect further treatment. Should this not be the case,\\ndo not forget that the patient is to be brought by\\ndegrees into rather warmer air and lest in some part\\nthere might still be defective circulation, he should\\nbe kept away from exposure to the heat of the fire.\\nMilder degrees of the same condition, as suspension\\nof life in the ear, nose, finger, or toe, from exposure to\\ncold, must be treated with the same general directions\\nin view. The part should be kept away from the heat,\\nand rubbed with handfuls of snow, or with towels\\ndipped in cold water, until circulation appears re-estab-\\nlished. Exposure of the part to the heat before, as\\nwe might say, it has been rebuilt, is apt to be followed\\nby sloughing.\\nCHILBLAIN.\\nAs the name implies, this occurs when the circula-\\ntion of the part has become chilled disturbed not\\ndestroyed. It is generally attended with much itching,\\ntingling and smarting, and is usually found in the toes,\\noutside edge of the feet, just where the toe emerges, or\\nin the heel. Sometimes, in persons of debilitated state\\nof health, the hands suffer. These symptoms are par-\\nticularly annoying just after lying down in bed.\\nThe most useful thing for these annoying symp-\\ntoms is to keep away from the fire, and every\\nnight, before retiring, bathe the feet in cold water,\\nor rub them with snow. Thev should then be\\nwell dried with a soft towel. After this, the appli-\\ncation of the ordinary compound resin ointment\\nof the apothecaries is often of use in stimulating the\\ncirculation through the part. The efficiency of this\\nointment for the special purpose can be increased by\\nasking the apothecary to add to an ounce of it a\\n(B3T Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "CONVTJLSIONS. 69\\ncouple of drams of the oil of turpentine. It may be\\nremarked, that persons who suffer in winter from cold\\nfeet are often benefited to a surprising degree by bath-\\ning them at night, before retiring, in cold water. Such\\npersons should always keep their feet away from the\\nfire.\\nCONVULSIONS.\\nConvulsions, or fits, as they are often called, are\\na frequent cause of alarm in the streets, or at public\\nassemblages. In the decided majority of instances, the\\nconvulsions may be safely presumed to be epileptic so,\\nunless otherwise specified, the remarks here made epilept j c\\napply to that form. Ordinary fainting may be con-\\nfounded with it; but here the face is pale, the person\\nperfectly still, and there is no perceptible breathing.\\nBesides, in fainting there are no convulsive move-\\nments.\\nFrequently the epileptic seizure is ushered in with\\na peculiar sharp cry, as the person falls over. This\\ndoes not always occur, but when it does, there can\\nbe no doubt, if it is a convulsion at all, that it is\\nepileptic. There is frothing of the mouth, sometimes\\ntinged with blood from the tongue or a fold of the\\nlips having been caught between the teeth at the\\nmoment the spasm commenced in the muscles of the\\njaws. Sometimes there are general convulsive move-\\nments of the whole body often of parts of it only. At\\nfirst the face is pale, but usually, in the course of a few\\nmoments, it becomes livid, except around the mouth,\\nwhich often continues pale, in strong contrast with the\\ncolor of the rest of the face. As a general rule, it may\\nbe said that the convulsive feature of attack does not\\nlast much longer than four or five minutes, although\\nto bystanders the time naturally seems longer. Then\\n(J3~ Insure in The Mutual Life Ixsuraxce Co. op 1\\\\kw Yokk.)\\nSymptoms.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "70\\nCONVULSIONS.\\nTreatment\\nduring the\\nconvulsion.\\nthe person opens his eyes with a certain degree of in-\\ntelligence, or revives enough to speak and it is usually\\nat this point of the attack that the most must be done.\\nSometimes there is nothing beyond it, and the individ-\\nual gets up, hurriedly puts on his hat, and walks\\noff, apparently the least concerned person of all.\\nIf this happy termination does not take place, the\\nbrief semi-conscious interval gives way to a heavy\\nstupor, varying in duration from thirty minutes to\\nthree or even six hours.\\nTreatment. In epileptic convulsions, there is usu-\\nally nothing to be done. Ignorant people on such oc-\\ncasions are apt, upon the general plea, If you do not\\nknow what to do, do something, to insist upon open-\\ning the hands, as the phrase is, saying that the pa-\\ntient will be better as soon as they can do it. The\\ntruth is, they cannot do it until the patient is better.\\nAll interference of this kind is hurtful, and no good can\\ncome of it. All rude efforts aggravate the trouble,\\nperhaps by exhausting still further the muscular\\nstrength of the patient.\\nAll that can be done is to keep the person from in-\\njuring himself or hurting others during the violent\\nconvulsive movements, by removing him to some\\nclear space, where there is nothing to strike against.\\nDo not attempt to hold the limbs, but loosen every-,\\nthing about the throat and chest. A folded handker-\\nchief or a cork can be slipped between the teeth, so as\\nto prevent biting of the tongue. Care should be taken\\nthat it does not interfere with breathing.\\nWait a few minutes for the convulsive movements\\nto cease, and the semi-conscious state to appear. As\\nsaid above, it will soon be seen. Then, if the person\\nis a stranger, get his name and residence, if possible,\\n(J\u00c2\u00a3P*Insure in The Mutual Lifb Insurance Co. op New Tobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "CONVULSIONS. 71\\nwith such other knowledge as may be useful. In\\nthe meanwhile, keep the crowd away. This is a\\nvery important measure of assistance in convul-\\nsions, as in every other emergency. By this it is\\nnot meant that no one must bend over the victim, but\\nthat a perfectly free space of at least ten feet on each\\nside should be kept, with none in it but the one or two\\npersons immediately assisting him.\\nThirty drops of the aromatic spirits of ammonia, in\\na teaspoonful of water, may be given to the patient, as\\nit is thought by many physicians to lighten and shorten Treatment\\nthe later stage of stupor. The spasmodic condition a f te r the\\nof the muscles of the jaws, by means of a little gentle convulsion,\\ndexterity, can usually be sufficiently overcome to per-\\nmit of the introduction of the restorative into the\\nmouth by the assistance of another spoon or a piece\\nof smooth stick. After getting the liquid into the\\nmouth, press down the base of the tongue, and the\\nmixture will readily run down the throat. As much of\\nit will necessarily be lost during the operation, double\\nthe quantity may be prepared for use. If more than\\nthe thirty drops should be given, no trouble from it\\nneed be feared.\\nIf the name and residence have been secured, the\\nfriends of the person can be notified. If not, he should\\nbe taken to some place of security until consciousness\\nreturns.\\nPersons liable to epileptic convulsions should never\\nbe permitted to go from the house without a strip\\ncontaining the name, residence and disease, attached E P lle P tlcs\\ninside of the coat, where it will at once be seen upon\\nr always carry\\nunbottonmg the coat over the chest. A reference on their name\\nit to a memorandum in some pocket containing a and address,\\nsuggestion as to the duration of the attack, and to\\n0 lnsnre in The Mutual Lits I suka ck Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "72\\nCONVULSIONS DIARRHOEA.\\nApoplectic\\nconvulsions.\\nHysterical\\nconvulsions.\\nsome remedy which assists restoration, would often\\nmaterially add to the comfort and advantage of the\\nafflicted person.\\nOther convulsions are apoplectic. These are com-\\nparatively uncommon. As a rule, little can be done by\\nbystanders, further than loosening everything about\\nthe neck. This should be done in all convulsions.\\nThe convulsions known as hysterical are usually\\nfound in young women who are not very strong.\\nUntil assistance comes, act as directed in epileptic con-\\nvulsions. The distinction between them cannot be-\\nexpressed to unprofessional persons.\\nDiarrhoea,\\ncauses.\\nSymptoms.\\nDIARRHEA.\\nThis very common summer complaint may be due\\nto several causes. It may be caused by simple ex-\\ncess of food, especially fruits and vegetables; or by\\nimproper food, such as these same things, when un-\\nripe; or by food that has begun to decompose, even\\nthough so slightly as not to be detected by the senses\\nor by changes in the weather, the so-called catching\\ncold, although this latter is more of a predisposing\\ncause than an immediate one; or by changes in the\\ndrinking water.\\nThe symptoms vary much in severity, cases ranging\\nfrom two or three movements a day to thirty or\\nforty. The movements may be accompanied by pros-\\ntration, by no pain or by considerable. The cases\\nrange from the harmless attacks, which no one pays\\nmuch attention to, up to the border line of dysentery.\\nIn all cases the condition exists that some unsuit-\\nable material is present in the intestines, that the latter\\nare trying to get rid of it, and are already irritated by\\nflSTInsure in The Mutual Life Insueance Co. op New Yobs.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "DIARRHOEA. 73\\nit. We have then two indications First to remove\\nthis offensive matter. Second, to allay the irritation\\ncaused by it. For the first there is nothing better\\nthan castor-oil, a tablespoonful or two of which should\\nbe taken at once by an adult. A little less may be\\ngiven to children, but they stand it very well. If this\\ncannot be had, we can give a few grains of calomel\\nor a few teaspoonfuls of Epsom or Glauber s salts in\\nwater but these are not as good as castor-oil.\\nTo allay the irritation present in the intestines, we\\ncan apply hot cloths to the abdomen, and these are\\nmade more efficient by adding a few drops of turpen-\\ntine to the hot water in which they are dipped. A\\nlarge mustard plaster is also good. This should be\\nquite weak one part mustard to ten parts of flour\\nand should be made with cold water. These local ap-\\nplications can be made as soon as we have given one\\nof the purgatives above mentioned. In three or four\\nhours more we can give some medicine, which will\\nsoothe the intestines. A simple but effective one is\\nblackberry brandy with bismuth subnitrate, a table-\\nspoonful of the former and an even teaspoonful of the\\nlatter every two or three hours. If much pain is\\npresent, we can add five drops of laudanum to each\\ndose. Care should be taken that the diet is very sim-\\nple for the next few days, consisting mainly of milk,\\neggs and toast.\\nIf blackberry brandy cannot be had, any other mild\\nastringent can be used. Even Pond s Extract will be\\nof service. The bismuth will make the movements\\nblack, but that should not alarm any one. In very\\nmild cases the castor-oil alone may be enough to cure\\nthe trouble. If the movements are at all frequent, it\\nis better for the patient to remain in bed.\\n($3F Insure in The Mutual Life Ixsusaxcb Co. op New Yokk.)\\nTreatment", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "74\\nDYSENTERY\u00e2\u0080\u0094CHOLERA.\\nDYSENTERY.\\nDysentery.\\nWhen the movements are quite frequent, contain-\\ning blood or mucus, and are accompanied and fol-\\nlowed by griping pain, the condition known as dys-\\nentery is present. This is much more serious than\\ndiarrhoea, and every means should be taken to obtain\\nthe advice of a physician. If this cannot be had the\\nmeasures indicated under Diarrhoea should be car-\\nried out, and will oftentimes succeed. They must\\nbe done thoroughly, and if the attack lasts longer than\\ntwo days, it will be necessary to give the castor-oil\\nevery second day. If blackberry brandy is not used, it\\nwill be necessary to give some other stimulant a\\ntablespoonful of brandy or whisky in water or milk\\nevery four or five hours.\\nCHOLERA MORBUS,\\nCholera\\nmorbus,\\ncauses.\\nSymptoms.\\nThis disease is due in most, if not all, cases to the\\neating of some poisonous food. This may be poison-\\nous naturally, as in the case of some mushrooms, or\\nit may be so from beginning decomposition. De-\\ncomposition causes in many foods, even before it can\\nbe detected by the senses, the formation of certain\\nactive principles called ptomaines, and these are often\\nvery irritating to the stomach and intestines.\\nThe symptoms are frequent retching and vomiting,\\nprofuse diarrhoea and marked prostration and weak-\\nness. These symptoms last only a few hours, as a\\nrule, but they are sometimes fatal.\\nA physician is nearly always required, as usually the\\nmedicines have to be given hypodermically, owing to\\nthe vomiting. Nothing should be given by mouth at\\n(.ZW Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "CHOLERA. 75\\nfirst not even water or ice. Hot cloths or a mustard\\nplaster may be applied to the abdomen, and the ex- _\\ntremities can be rubbed to relieve the cramps which\\nare often present. If no doctor can be had, five drops\\nof laudanum without any water can be placed on the\\ntongue, and repeated every fifteen minutes until five\\nor six doses have been taken. Some will be doubtless\\nvomited, but enough may be absorbed to have some\\neffect. After the vomiting has ceased for two hours,\\nteaspoonful doses of brandy may be given every fifteen\\nor twenty minutes. If any diarrhoea is present the\\nnext day, it should be treated. The diet should be\\nvery simple for a few days.\\nEPIDEMIC CHOLERA.\\nThis is a very severe and fatal disease, spreading\\nover the world in epidemics which regularly begin in\\nAsia. From this circumstance it is often called Asiatic E P ldemic\\ncholera.\\ncholera. It is caused by certain germs, which are usu-\\nally taken in with the drinking water, and then develop\\nin the intestines.\\nThe symptoms are very much like cholera morbus,\\nbut much more fatal, one or two out of every three\\nattacked dying.\\nLittle can be done during the attack except by a\\ndoctor. If he cannot be obtained, follow out the same\\ntreatment as laid down in cholera morbus. During an Treatment\\nepidemic of cholera, every diarrhoea, no matter how\\ntrifling, should be treated promptly and thoroughly.\\nAs a preventive measure during an epidemic, all the\\ndrinking water, and the water used in preparing the\\nfood and washing the dishes, should be well boiled.\\nNone of the ordinary filters are of any use.\\nInsure in Ths Mutual Lira Insurance Co. op Kbw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "76\\nVOMITING MALARIA.\\nTreatment of\\nvomiting.\\nTO CHECK VOMITING.\\nIf due to mere irritability of the stomach or nervous\\nsystem, the aromatic spirits of ammonia, in twenty-\\ndrop doses in ice-water, every few minutes, iced min-\\neral-water, iced champagne, thirty-drop doses of\\nbrandy, a mustard-plaster, cayenne-pepper plaster,\\nbroken ice in a bladder to the stomach, or opposite,\\nover the spine, are all useful. This last often suc-\\nceeds where other things fail.\\nSometimes the vomiting is a proper effort to get\\nsomething out of the stomach that ought not to be\\nthere. If this is known to be the case, assist it with\\na solution of salt and water, or pulverized ipecac-\\nuanha.\\nMalaria,\\ncause of.\\nVarieties.\\nMALARIA.\\nThis disease is now known to be due to a living\\ngerm called the plasmodium malarise. The Plas-\\nmodium obtains entrance to the blood from the drink-\\ning water, or possibly is injected through the skin\\nby mosquitoes. There are several species of this or-\\nganism, and each gives rise to a distinct type of the\\ndisease.\\nThe symptoms of the disease are so well known and\\nusually so easily recognized that we will not describe\\nthem.\\nThe most common variety in this country is inter-\\nmittent fever, also called chills and fever and fever\\nand ague. In this there is a distinct interval between\\nthe chills during which the patient feels comparatively\\nwell. The chills and fever usually occur every other\\nday, and then we speak of it as the tertian type; or\\nevery day, being then called quotidian or every third\\n({reinsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "MALARIA. 77\\nday, then being called quartan. Or the symptoms in-\\ncluding the fever may persist without intermission,\\nand then we speak of it as continuous or remittent\\nmalarial fever. Or the disease may pass into a chronic\\nstate, without chill or fever, which is commonly\\nknown as dumb ague. There is also the very severe\\nform known as pernicious fever. This usually begins\\nas ordinary chills and fever, but after one or two at-\\ntacks the symptoms get very much worse in the next\\none, the patient becomes delirious, then stupid and\\nunconscious, and dies in a few hours. Besides these\\nvarieties there are other rare forms, too numerous to\\nmention.\\nThe treatment can be summed up in one word\\nquinine. This is best used in the form of bisulphate,\\nwhich is more soluble and less irritating than the\\ncommon sulphate. It is well to precede the adminis-\\ntration of this by a dose of calomel, five or ten grains,\\nto relieve the congestion of the liver, which is often\\npresent. Then take quinine, ten grains three times\\na day, until three days after the last chill. The dose\\ncan now be reduced to five grains three times daily\\nuntil the seventh day after the last chill. Malaria has\\na distinct tendency to reappear on the seventh day,\\nand for this reason it is a good plan to increase the\\ndose on that day to ten grains three times. If this\\npoint is safely passed, quinine should still be taken for\\na week, one dose of five grains daily. In some cases\\nquinine seems to lose its efficacy. In these Warburg s\\nTincture, which is a mixture of quinine, with aloes and\\naromatics, is of great service. A tablespoonful should\\nbe taken each morning, fasting. In other cases,\\nClark s Powder will prove of value. This consists of\\nquinine, ten grains capsicum, three grains, and pow-\\nTreatment.\\n(3T Insure iu The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New YodK.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "Preventive\\nmeasures.\\n78 MALARIA.\\ndered opium, one grain. One dose should be taken\\nabout four hours before the expected chill, and small\\ndoses of quinine during the intervals. If quinine\\ncauses much headache or ringing in the ears, this can\\nbe largely overcome by taking bromide of sodium\\nor potassium, grain for grain, with each dose of qui-\\nnine.\\nTo prevent the development of malaria certain pre-\\ncautions can be taken, which are of value. One should\\nnot go out after sunset, nor near freshly plowed land.\\nThe home should not be in a hollow and the bedroom\\nshould be on the second floor, or higher. A cup of\\nstrong coffee before getting up is also of service. The\\nmost efficient preventive, however, is a small dose of\\nquinine, say two grains, every morning on arising.\\nThis can be kept up for a long time with benefit\\nand without harm.\\n(E2P~ Insure In The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "SECTION III.\\nPOISONS\\nThe effect of the accidental administration of\\npoison may be greatly mitigated by a policy in The\\nMutual Life Insurance Company of New York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "POISONS. 81\\nDefinition of\\na poison.\\nPOISONS.\\nUnder this term people are inclined to place only\\nthose things which, if taken internally, produce death.\\nPhysicians, however, consider it merely a relative term,\\nand call anything a poison that does more harm than\\ngood to the body. A little of a good thing may be\\nuseful, but, beyond the point of usefulness, may be\\ninjurious. An exaggerated injury from the same\\ncause may well be termed a poison. There is not a\\nsingle poison in the entire list, which, in proper quanti-\\nties, and under favorable circumstances, may not be\\nused with advantage to the human body; and on\\nthe other hand there is scarcely a single thing in\\nordinary use, which if indulged in beyond the require-\\nments of the body or its ability to properly dispose of\\nit, may not be followed by symptoms of derangement\\nof the economy, and in the above qualified sense is\\nnot miscalled, if termed a poison.\\nIn the majority of cases, the poison is introduced\\ninto the body through the stomach and as soon as\\nswallowed may commence destructive action upon the action,\\nmouth, throat, or stomach, as in the cases of acids,\\nalkalies, arsenic, phosphorus, etc. While some sub-\\nstances act in this way, others pass from the stomach\\nthrough the mucous membrane without injuring it in-\\nto the blood and are carried by it to the brain and\\nother portions of the nervous system, where the really\\ninjurious action begins, overpowering them so that\\nthe breathing and action of the heart are not kept up.\\nTo this class of poisons belong alcohol, aconite, bella-\\ndonna, opium, strychnia, etc.\\nE^~ Insure in The Motpal Lifb In9pbancb Co. op Nkw York.)\\nMode of", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "Treatment\\nin general.\\n82 TREATMENT OF POISONING.\\nA knowledge of the mode of action of a sub-\\nstance will, therefore, of itself suggest an antidote or\\nremedy. If an alkali has been taken, an acid will\\nneutralize it, converting it into a compound less hurt-\\nful. The new compound is, perhaps, injurious, but not\\nso active, and can be removed from the stomach some-\\nwhat at leisure. On the other hand, if an acid has\\nbeen taken, an alkali would naturally suggest itself\\nas an antidote.\\nSome poisonous substances cannot be neutralized\\nby any convenient article, and must be removed from\\ntheir lodging-place as soon as possible, and their ef-\\nfects counteracted.\\nIf the agent does not act upon the stomach directly,\\nbut upon the brain and nervous system, reaching it\\nthrough the blood, a recollection of what was said\\nwhen certain gases have been inhaled will meet the\\ncase. Artificial respiration would, of course, be re-\\nsorted to. This should continue until enough of the\\npoison in the blood has been eliminated by the natural\\nprocesses constantly going on in the body to permit\\nthe brain and nervous system to resume one of their\\nold duties, that of attending to the respiration and cir-\\nculation of the blood.\\nAs few persons have the necessary knowledge of the\\ndifferent poisons, each of these substances will be\\nspoken of somewhat in detail, and alphabetically ar-\\nranged, so that, in case of need, immediate reference\\ncan be made to the particular substance supposed\\nto have been taken.\\nIt should never be forgotten that the substance\\nswallowed as a poison must be considered in its action\\nas divided into two parts that portion which has al-\\nready acted upon the mucous membrane (lining) of the\\n(Sty Insure in Thr Mutual Lipb Insoranck Oo or Nktt Yobk,;", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "TREATMENT OF POISONING. 83\\nthroat and stomach, or which has already passed from\\nthe stomach into the blood and that portion that is in\\nthe stomach and yet to be disposed of.\\nIt is the latter portion, perhaps, in most instances,\\nwe are called upon to first deal with, and evacuation\\nof the stomach must be effected with the least possi-\\nble loss of time. This is done with the stomach- stomach-\\npump and by emetics. No directions for poisons pump,\\nare complete without reference to the stomach-\\npump. With people who know nothing about the\\nmatter, it is very popular. The writer knows of\\nbut one physician among all his acquaintances who\\nprofesses to keep one, and unless this particular\\ninstrument differs from all other complicated in-\\nstruments rarely used, he does not believe the\\nowner of it could get it to work in an emergency,\\nif he wished. Not a single apothecary, as far as\\nhe knows, keeps one, and a non-professional person\\ncould not use a stomach-pump with success if he had\\na dozen of them at his command. A siphon stomach-\\ntube is of much value for emptying the stomach, but\\nit can only be used successfully by a physician.\\nEMETICS.\\nFor the purpose of rapidly emptying the stomach\\nin the majority of cases, before the arrival of a physi- Emetics.\\ncian, and after it as well, nothing equals an emetic,\\nThe most easily obtained is usually the best. There\\nare few places where these things cannot be had:\\nGround mustard, common salt, and warm water.\\nTake a tablespoonful of ground mustard and mix\\nwith a tumbler of water to about the consistence of\\nmilk. Give the person one-fourth of it at once. Then Mustard,\\nfollow with a cup of warm water. In about a minute,\\n3T Insure Sn The Mutual Life Isideaxck Co. of Krw Torx.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "84\\nEMETICS IN POISONING.\\nCommon\\nsalt.\\nWarm water.\\ngive the person the same quantity again, followed\\nby the warm water. If vomiting does not take place,\\ncontinue giving until it does, letting a minute or so\\nelapse after each dose. Plentiful draughts of tepid\\nwater materially assist the action of an emetic, and\\nthe free use of it should, therefore, not be omitted.\\nMustard is not only useful as an emetic, easily ob-\\ntained, and as readily given as anything else, but it is\\nstimulating in character. This feature gives it a pe-\\nculiar value in most cases where an emetic is de-\\nmanded, for a stimulant is often needed at the same\\ntime. The amount of stimulation derived from mus-\\ntard is not always enough, but it is of some assistance\\nin this direction.\\nCommon salt is even easier to obtain than ground\\nmustard, and is as certain in its action. A teacupful\\nof water, with as much salt dissolved as the water will\\nhold, is given every minute or so, until vomiting oc-\\ncurs.\\nWarm water, given cup after cup, is a safe emetic;\\nbut as the above-mentioned articles are so easily ob-\\ntained, it is rarely used alone. Usually it is given to\\nassist the action of the other substances, on the prin-\\nciple, perhaps, that a distended stomach is more easily\\nemptied than one with little in it. After vomiting has\\noccurred, frequent draughts of warm water are often\\ngiven to cleanse out the stomach. In many instances\\nwarm milk, gum-arabic water, flour and water, the\\nwhite of an egg in a teacup of tepid water, and such\\nsubstances, are given instead, with the expectation\\nthat their gummy viscid properties may enable them to\\nentangle and detach particles of the poison adherent\\nto the mucous membrane (lining) of the stomach. In\\n($W Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "EMETICS IN POISONING. 85\\naddition, they are soothing to the irritated condition of\\nthe parts.\\nTickling the inside of the throat by the finger, or Tkklin t h\\nwith the tip of a feather, will in many instances suffice throat.\\nto induce vomiting. Frequently, after an emetic\\nhas been given, this procedure is used to hasten its\\naction.\\nSulphate of zinc is another valuable emetic often\\nfound in private houses. As much as will lie heaped u p\\nup on a twenty-five cent piece is twenty grains,\\nwhich is a dose, when dissolved in water. This quan-\\ntity should be given at a single draught, followed\\nby a cup of tepid water, and repeated every three\\nminutes, until three or four doses have been taken,\\nor vomiting occurs. If there is none in the house,\\nsend to the nearest apothecary for sixty grains of the\\nsulphate of zinc white vitriol Empty into half a\\npint of tepid water. Stir rapidly with a stick, and it\\nwill soon dissolve. One-third of this half-pint contains,\\nof course, twenty grains of the sixty put in, and that\\nquantity should be given at a single draught, followed,\\nas all emetics should be, by draughts of tepid water.\\nIn a few minutes repeat, as directed about mustard,\\nunless profuse vomiting takes place.\\nPulverized ipecacuanha is another valuable emetic,\\nparticularly for children. It can be obtained of any\\napothecary. Sixty grains (one dram) of it may be\\nrequested. It is a ground root, and does not dissolve Ipecac,\\nin water, but mixes with it, like ground mustard. One-\\nthird of the sixty grains, which is twenty grains (as\\nmuch in bulk as will heap up on a silver quarter) may\\nbe given, mixed with a small teacup of tepid water,\\nfollowed by a draught of tepid water. In a few mo-\\nments, if vomiting does not occur, give another third,\\nInsure in Thb Mutual Lifb Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "86\\nEMETICS IN POISONING.\\nSwallowing\\nshould be\\nforced, if\\nnecessary.\\nVomiting\\nshould be\\nrepeated.\\nas you gave the first, to be followed in sixty seconds\\nmore by the last.\\nA good deal of trouble is often experienced in get-\\nting the person to swallow. This may be due to in-\\nsensibility, fright or stubbornness. The thumb of\\neach hand may be slipped in outside and close against\\nthe teeth, along the line of junction, until the spot is\\nreached behind which there are no teeth. Then\\nthrough that vacant space slip the tips of the thumbs\\nin between the jaws, when a separation can be readily\\neffected. The thumbs should be kept there, for the\\npatient cannot bite the attendant while his fingers\\nare in such a position, and the handle of a strong\\niron or silver spoon or piece of smooth stick be thrust\\nback far enough to forcibly depress the tongue. The\\nliquid can then be poured down the throat, if the per-\\nson is lying on his back. At first it will fill up the\\nspace at the base of the tongue, but a little more de-\\npression of the tongue by the spoon or stick will cause\\nit to run down the throat. There need be no fear of\\nthe fluid getting into the windpipe, for a very sensitive\\nvalve over the entrance of the trachea (windpipe) am-\\nply protects it.\\nThe first vomiting, as said before, does not neces-\\nsarily clear the stomach of its contents. Much of the\\npoison may remain adherent to the mucous membrane,\\nrequiring frequent washings for detachment and re-\\nmoval. After the first vomiting, there is usually little\\ntrouble in keeping it up, by simply giving plenty of\\ntepid water. Warm water alone, as said before, is\\noften an emetic, and when none of the substances\\nmentioned can be had, must be wholly relied upon for\\nthe purpose.\\n($W Insure in Tile Mutual Life Insqeance Co. op New Yobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "EMETICS IN POISONING. 87\\nBefore the action of an emetic can begin, a portion Bowels\\nof the poison usually escapes from the stomach into should be\\nthe bowels. No vomiting can affect it so, after the purged,\\ncontents of the stomach have been removed by the\\naction of the emetic, it is always well, to administer\\na quick-acting purgative, such as Epsom salts, two\\nteaspoonfuls in half a glass of water. Follow this in\\nfifteen minutes by good quantities of milk, which,\\npassing down, engages the activity of the poison.\\nFlour and water will answer, but better, perhaps, is\\nthe white of eggs mixed with water.\\nNow we will suppose all the poison has been re- After-treat-\\nmoved by the above efforts from the stomach. The ment.\\nnext thing is the removal of the consequences of that\\nportion of the poison which has already commenced\\nits work. If the mucous membrane has been injured,\\nit should have rest from its usual work digesting\\nfood and be treated by suitable soothing applications,\\nas barley water, gum-arabic water, and such things.\\nThis should follow where the poisoning is due to any\\nof the mineral poisons.\\nPOISONING BY MUSHROOMS.\\nPersons not well acquainted with the difference be- Poisoning by\\ntween the poisonous and edible mushrooms had better mushrooms,\\nbuy them of those who are, or go without. There are\\ndistinctions between them, but they are not of such a\\ncharacter as can be made evident in this work.\\nWhen poisoning from eating mushrooms does take\\nplace, the contents of the stomach should at once be\\nevacuated by an emetic. (See page 83.) After vomit-\\ning has commenced, it should be promoted by\\n(t3T Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "88 MUSHROOMS MEATS.\\ndraughts of warm water, barley water, but particularly\\nby drinking copiously of warm milk and water, to\\nwhich sugar has been added.\\nWhat has passed along into the bowels should be\\nhurried out as fast as possible, by some cathartic, be-\\nfore further absorption into the blood can take place.\\nIf there is much prostration, some easily pro-\\ncured stimulant might be useful, as the aromatic\\nspirits of ammonia, or brandy. A very excellent\\nantidote is tincture of belladonna, ten drops in a little\\nwater every hour until four or five doses have been\\ntaken.\\nPOISONOUS MEATS.\\nPoisonous The eating of meat from diseased animals is often\\nmeats. followed by symptoms of a poisonous character. Ani-\\nmals otherwise in perfect health, but which have been\\nbutchered and prepared for food after long and ex-\\nhaustive confinement, are unfit for eating. Not only\\nis the meat of such animals lacking in nutritive char-\\nacter, when compared with the meat of animals killed\\nfrom the pasture without excitement, or after being kept\\nuntil proper recovery from the effects of the journey\\nto market, but it is much less savory, and shows a\\ndisposition to decompose much more readily. It\\nhas been estimated by competent authorities,\\nthat between the two kinds of meat there is,\\nin a commercial sense alone, as far as nutriment\\nis concerned, a difference of nearly 50 per cent,\\nin favor of the meat of healthful animals, butch-\\nered after complete recovery from the excitement and\\nfatigue of drive or carriage to market. The additional\\ncost per pound of meat to cover the expenses of extra\\n(XW Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op Nkw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "POISONOUS MEAT FISH. 89\\ncare and precaution before butchering, would amount\\nto but a small fraction of the percentage named, leav-\\ning the rest of it a true profit to the consumer.\\nThe eating of this overdriven meat is sometimes fol-\\nlowed by symptoms of irritation of the stomach and\\nbowels but they can, in the ordinary sense of the\\nword, scarcely be said to be of a poisonous character,\\nhowever much the use of them may temporarily de-\\nrange the health.\\nPOISONOUS FISH.\\nSeveral varieties of fish, at all seasons of the year,\\nare reputed to be poisonous. These should, of course,\\nalways be let alone. Should they have been eaten by\\naccident, the best treatment is that given under the\\nhead of Poisoning by Mushrooms, page 87.\\nShellfish, at certain seasons of the year, after\\nspawning, are considered poisonous at least, they are\\nunhealthy. This process of nature is known to be\\nvery exhausting, and during it or just afterward, the\\nindividual is so reduced in vitality as to be unable to\\nresist the ordinary tendency to decomposition.\\nOysters in hot weather are often unwholesome, per-\\nhaps from the causes suggested, or it may be that\\nthe collection of liquid secretion between the shell\\nand the contained animal, in hot weather, is in a state\\nfavorable to putrefaction upon slight exposure to the\\nair, and that the disagreeable symptoms often said to\\narise after partaking of this fish as food is due to this\\nas much as anything else.\\nPoisonous\\nfish.\\n(J^Tnsnre in Thr Mittuai, Life Insurance Co. of J\u00c2\u00ab t kw Yohk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "90\\nMINERAL POISONS.\\nMINERAL POISONS.\\nAlkalies, Alkaline Earths, Acids, Metals, Etc.\\nACIDS.\\nAcids.\\nThe common acids, acetic, muriatic, nitric aqua\\nfortis sulphuric oil of vitriol are highly cor-\\nrosive in their action, unless largely diluted, and act\\nwith even greater rapidity when taken internally than\\nwhen applied externally. They are as troublesome in\\nthis respect as concentrated alkalies.\\nWhen taken, the acid should be neutralized, as far\\nas possible, by giving some harmless alkali. Cook-\\ning-soda or saleratus, a teaspoonful of either, in half\\na glass of water, can be given every few minutes until\\nseveral doses have been taken. Lime-water might be\\nused for the same purpose, and aromatic spirits of\\nammonia, besides neutralizing the acid, would be of\\nvalue as a stimulant. Common soap, from the alkali\\nit contains, might be given.\\nAMMONIA.\\nThe ordinary aqua ammoniae, sometimes known as\\nhartshorn/ acts on the mucous membrane of the\\nAmmonia. stomach as we should expect it to do, knowing its\\neffect upon the mucous membrane of the nostrils.\\nWhen swallowed, it is a rapid corrosive poison.\\nOwing to its pungency, it can scarcely be given by\\nmistake in a state of purity. With olive oil, it forms\\nthe common hartshorn liniment, and has thus been\\ngiven internally.\\n(jE^Insure In The Mutoai. Lifs Insurance Co. of Nkw Tobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "MINERAL POISONS. 91\\nA violently acting corrosive substance, like am-\\nmonia, leaves no time for emetics. It is an alkali,\\nand the common dilute acid known as vinegar will\\nneutralize it. Lemon-juice also would answer the\\npurpose.\\nOther concentrated alkalies, as lime, soda and pot-\\nash, act in the same manner as ammonia, and when\\ntaken internally must be combated in the same way,\\nand with the same difficulties in view.\\nANTIMONY.\\nThis metal is rarely accessible in its purity. One\\nof its salts, tartar emetic, or the wine of antimony\\n(which is tartar emetic dissolved in wine), is the usual\\nsource of the poison. Vomiting is one of the most\\ndistressing and prominent symptoms of poisoning by\\nthis substance. Assisted by copious draughts of tepid\\nwater, sugar and water, flaxseed water, much of the\\npoison in the stomach may be gotten out. Another\\nsymptom is great prostration. If a small quantity only\\nis known to have been swallowed, a teaspoonful of\\nparegoric in a little sweetened water may be divided\\ninto three portions, one of them being given every\\nten or fifteen minutes. It soothes the irritated and\\nexcited stomach.\\nThe antidote usually recommended is nut-galls, or\\noak-bark in powder. Half a dozen of the former,\\nfinely powdered, may be given, mixed with water.\\nThe active principle in each of these is what is called\\ntannin, or tannic acid, now to be had of every apothe-\\ncary and dyer. Ten grains of it (a teaspoonful it is\\nvery light) in water will be equivalent to the nut-galls\\nmentioned. A strong infusion of common green tea\\n(.t Insure in Thb Mutual Life Insubanck Co. of New Yobk.\\nAntimony", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "92\\nMINERAL POISONS.\\ncontains enough tannin to make it useful as an anti-\\ndote. An insoluble, and perhaps inert, tannate of\\nantimony is formed.\\nARSENIC.\\nPoisonous\\nvarieties of\\narsenic.\\nUse of\\nemetics.\\nIn some places this is called ratsbane, and poison-\\ning often occurs from it. The yellow sulphuret of\\narsenic (orpiment), the red sulphuret of arsenic (real-\\ngar), and the arsenite of copper (paris green), em-\\nployed in the arts have all been used internally with\\nfatal effects. All these sources of poisoning by arsenic\\nshould be surrounded by every possible precaution to\\nprevent them from being accidentally used. Many\\nfly-poisons contain it, and what is used in medicine\\nunder the name of Fowler s Solution is a solution of\\narsenic.\\nArsenic acts as an irritant to the stomach and\\nbowels, in many respects like antimony and its\\npreparations. As soon as it becomes known that\\narsenic or any of its preparations has been swal-\\nlowed in poisonous doses, the poison taken should\\nbe dislodged from the stomach, as far as pos-\\nsible, by vomiting (see Emetics, page 8s), assisted\\nby the finger to the throat, or the feather part of a\\nquill. Free drinking of milk, white of egg and\\nwater, or flour and water, should be encouraged.\\nNot only do these things encourage vomiting and\\ndilute the poison, but at the same time they tend to\\nenvelop the particles of the poison until the mass can\\nbe removed from the stomach.\\nThe antidote to arsenic is the freshly prepared hy-\\ndrated sesquioxide of iron. This can be had of any\\n($W Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "MINERAL POISONS. 93\\napothecary in a few moments of time. It is quite The ant idote\\nharmless in character, and may be given in almost and its\\nany quantity. The iron, in this particular form, com- preparation,\\nbines with the arsenic, forming a temporarily harm-\\nless preparation. This newly formed compound\\nshould not be permitted to remain and be digested,\\nbut must be dislodged afterward by an emetic, which\\nthe bulk of the antidote favors.\\nThe hydrated sesquioxide can be made by almost\\nany one in a few moments. Take a glass tumbler,\\nor a graduated measure, pour in three or four\\ntablespoonfuls (quantity not of much importance)\\nof aqua ammonias, and then a tablespoonful\\nor more of tincture of chloride of iron. Instead of\\nthe ammonia we may use a strong solution of cooking\\nor washing soda, two or three teaspoonfuls dissolved\\nin as many tablespoonfuls of water.\\nA thick, dark, reddish precipitate, like brick-dust,\\nis at once seen in the mixed liquids, which may be\\nincreased in quantity by gently stirring with a broom-\\nsplint.\\nThis precipitate is the sesquioxide, and it must\\nbe separated from the liquid by spreading a fine\\nhandkerchief or closely woven piece of muslin over a\\ncup and pouring on the mixture. The liquid will\\nrun through, leaving the desired oxide of iron as a\\nreddish-brown, jelly-like powder. To free it from any\\nexcess of either substance used in its formation, a\\nhalf pint or so of tepid water should be poured on in\\na gentle stream to wash the precipitate. The washed\\nprecipitate is now ready for use. A teaspoonful of it\\nmay be given every few minutes.\\nCalcined magnesia and pulverized charcoal have\\nalso been recommended as antidotes in poisoning by\\n(t^- Insure in Thi Mctca! Life Iksceakck Co. of Net York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "94\\nMINERAL POISONS.\\nBaryta.\\narsenic, but of their value nothing can be said by the\\nwriter.\\nBARYTA.\\nThis substance, largely used to adulterate certain\\npaints, is sometimes accidentally swallowed in pois-\\nonous doses.\\nThe antidote is water, acidulated to about the\\nstrength of lemonade with sulphuric acid. This con-\\nverts the baryta into an insoluble compound, which\\nmust be dislodged from the stomach by an emetic.\\nEpsom salt or Glauber s salt may be used instead of\\nsulphuric acid.\\nCOPPER.\\nCopper.\\nTreatment\\nof copper-\\npoisoning.\\nPoisoning from copper occurs most commonly\\nthrough the careless use of utensils made of it. Most\\nacids form soluble salts with copper; hence acids\\nshould never be used for cooking purposes in copper\\nvessels. Many of the ordinary vegetables and fruits\\ncontain enough acid to form poisonous salts with the\\nmetal. Even sugar, from the ease with which solu-\\ntions of it are changed into acids, should be cau-\\ntiously used in contact with copper. When copper is\\nmentioned it must be understood to include brass and\\nother alloys into which copper enters as a necessary\\ncomponent.\\nThe stomach must at once be emptied by an emetic,\\nand copious draughts of milk, or the white of eggs\\nmixed with water. Carbonate of soda (the ordinary\\nbaking-soda or cooking-soda will answer) is said to be\\nan antidote. As much as will lie heaped up on a\\nflt^-Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Iodine.\\nIron.\\nMINERAL POISONS. 95\\nsilver quarter can be given every five minutes, in\\nwater, or in the other named liquids. Yellow prus-\\nsiate, or ferrocyanide, of potash is an efficient anti-\\ndote, if it can be obtained pure.\\nIODINE.\\nThe common tincture of iodine, used for external\\napplication, is the usual form of this poison. Starch,\\nin water, is a mild antidote, and may be freely given\\nuntil vomiting is secured by an emetic.\\nIRON.\\nThe form usually taken is a solution of the sulphate\\nof iron (copperas, green vitriol). Its action, like most\\nof the poisons heretofore described, is that of an ir-\\nritant poison in the mucous membrane (lining) of\\nthe stomach and bowels. The antidote is carbonate\\nof soda.\\nLEAD.\\nPoisoning by this substance usually is due to the Lead\\nacetate of lead (sugar of lead). The carbonate of lead,\\nthe white lead of the painters, and the red oxide\\nred lead are also sometimes swallowed in poison-\\nous doses. They all act as irritant poisons.\\nThe treatment of such cases consists in giving, as fJt\\n1 i 1 1 1 r Antidote\\nan antidote, water acidulated to about the strength of f or i ea( j.\\nlemonade with sulphuric acid oil of vitriol Sul- poisoning,\\nphate of magnesia (Epsom salts), or the sulphate of\\nsoda (Glauber s salt), in water, are also good anti-\\nInsure ia The MtrrtrAL Life Insueance Co. op Krw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "96\\nMINERAL POISONS.\\nChronic\\nlead-poison-\\ning.\\ndotes. After the antidote has been given in poisoning\\nby lead, an emetic should be given.\\nWhen lead is taken for some time in any of the\\nsoluble forms in small doses as when water has been\\nkept in leaden vessels, or food kept or cooked in\\nvessels glazed with lead, or the use of wines sweet-\\nened with the same metal, a peculiar train of symp-\\ntoms slowly follows, known as lead-poisoning, or\\npainters colic. All such possible sources of the\\nintroduction of lead into the system should be care-\\nfully avoided, and as soon as the effects of the absorp-\\ntion begin to be suspected, no time should be lost in\\nconsulting a physician.\\nLime.\\nLIME.\\nIf accidentally administered, acts like ammonia.\\n(Page 90.)\\nMERCURY.\\nThe bichloride of mercury (corrosive sublimate),\\noften used as a solution in houses for destroying\\nvermin about beds, is a most active poison, when\\nMercury. taken internally. The red oxide of mercury (red\\nprecipitate) is another dangerous salt of the same\\nmetal. When swallowed, the white of eggs should\\nat once be given, and often repeated. In the absence\\nof this form of albumen, common milk can be used, or\\nwheat flour beaten up with water.\\nThese salts of mercury not only irritate the stomach,\\nbut so rapidly inflame and destroy it that some writers\\ndiscourage the use of emetics. If one can be given,\\nhowever, before the poison has had time to produce\\nflt^ Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "MINERAL POISONS. 97\\nthese extreme results, there can be no objection to its\\nuse. The continued administration of the antidotes is\\nsoon followed, as a rule, by free vomiting.\\nPHOSPHORUS.\\nThis is probably not often taken in a state of purity.\\nIt is the active ingredient of most of the popular Ex- osp orus\\nterminators for rats and other vermin. These, as\\nwell as the ends of matches, have been taken with fatal\\nresults. Phosphorus acts as an irritant poison, inflam-\\ning the mucous membrane with which it comes in\\ncontact.\\nA good antidote is sulphate of copper, five or ten Treatment\\ngrains of which can be given in water every fifteen f poisoning\\nminutes until four doses have been taken. The sul- by phos-\\nphate of copper is also a poison, but it is an active phorus.\\nemetic, and all measures must be taken to promote\\nvomiting.\\nAnother efficient antidote is turpentine, especially\\nthe old French variety. This can be given in fifteen-\\ndrop doses for five or six doses.\\nAs fat dissolves phosphorus, no form of food con-\\ntaining this should be given for a day or two, not\\neven milk or eggs.\\nPOTASH.\\nThe caustic potash, in the form of common lye, or\\nthe concentrated lye, when swallowed, acts as other\\nalkalies of the same general character. (See Am-\\nmonia.\\nNitrate of potash (saltpetre), in large doses, say\\nhalf an ounce or more, taken internally, is followed\\nInsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "98\\nMINERAL POISONS.\\nPotash.\\nby poisonous symptoms. There is pain, with heat\\nin the stomach, vomiting, and purging of blood, great\\nprostration, and other symptoms denoting the action\\nof an irritant poison.\\nNo antidote is known. The treatment consists in\\nrapidly evacuating the contents of the stomach by\\nan emetic, and the free administrations of mucilagi-\\nnous drinks, with some paregoric every little while, to\\nallay the pain and irritation of the inflamed parts.\\nSILVER.\\nSilver.\\nAntidote.\\nThe chief source of this poison is the nitrate of\\nsilver (lunar caustic), either solid or in solution. Its\\naction as a caustic is well known, and it is in this\\nmanner that it acts upon the throat, stomach, etc.,\\nwhen taken internally, in solid stick or in solution.\\nNitrate of silver is the base of the numerous popular\\nhair dyes, and under this form has been accidentally\\nand criminally taken.\\nThe antidote for the salts of silver is common salt,\\nwhich immediately decomposes and destroys its activ-\\nity. The rapidity and completeness with which this\\nis done is seen in the well-known domestic precau-\\ntion of preventing solutions of silver employed as in-\\ndelible ink from staining, by immediately, while the\\nspot is moist, touching it with salt and water.\\nSODA.\\nSoda.\\nThe same things are to be said about this alkali as\\nabout ammonia.\\n(tSPlnsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "Zinc.\\nMINERAL POISONS VEGETABLE POISONS. 99\\nTIN.\\nSeveral compounds of this substance are used by Ti n#\\ndyers, and have been used as poisons. They all act\\nas irritant poisons. The treatment consists in copious\\ndraughts of milk, white of eggs in water, and flour\\nand water.\\nZINC.\\nThe sulphate of zinc (white vitriol) might be termed\\npoisonous in very large doses, were it not for the fact\\nthat it at once causes vomiting, and is brought up be-\\nfore damage can be done. Hence it is regarded as one\\nof our most valuable emetics.\\nVEGETABLE POISONS.\\nMost of the class of poisons termed vegetable act\\nas narcotics or as acro-narcotics. With some modi-\\nfications, which will be mentioned in place, the treat-\\nment of all cases of narcotic poisoning is essentially\\nthe same; and a similar statement may be made in\\nreference to the treatment of all cases of acro-narcotic\\npoisoning. Hence, in speaking of the vegetable pois-\\non standing first in the alphabetical arrangement of\\nthese substances, the directions have been given under\\ntwo heads the nature of the acrid or irritating symp-\\ntoms and the treatment of the narcotic symptoms. In\\nspeaking of the other poisons, to save space and avoid\\nrepetition, the reader will be directed, for details of\\ntreatment, to some one of the substances, where direc-\\ntions are given in full.\\n(Z3T Insure in The Mutual Lifk Insurance Co. op New York.;\\nVegetable\\npoisons.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "100\\nVEGETABLE POISONS.\\nACONITE.\\nAconite.\\nTreatment.\\nAconite is known under the names of monkshood\\nand wolfsbane. When swallowed in an overdose,\\nit is rapidly followed by symptoms known as acro-\\nnarcotic; in other words, irritating to the throat and\\nstomach, and narcotic to the brain and nervous sys-\\ntem. The treatment naturally consists in getting out\\nof the stomach all the poison there not already ab-\\nsorbed into the blood. In acro-narcotic poisoning we\\nhave two reasons in view for such a course; first, to\\navoid, as much as possible, the irritating action of the\\npoison on the mucous membrane which lines the stom-\\nach and its approaches, and, secondly, to prevent fur-\\nther absorption into the blood and narcotization of the\\nbrain and nervous system.\\nThe contents of the stomach are removed by tickling\\nthe throat and base of the tongue by the finger or a\\nfeather. An emetic (p. 83) of mustard and water,\\npulverized ipecacuanha, or sulphate of zinc, flaxseed\\ntea, gum-arabic water, sugar and water, milk, white\\nof egg, or things of this general character, should be\\nfreely given at the same time to protect the mucous\\nmembrane of the stomach from the irritating feature\\nof the poison.\\nAs there is nothing known which will neutralize or\\ndestroy the poison in the blood acting through the\\nbrain and nervous system upon the important or-\\ngans of breathing and circulation, the efforts for\\nrelief must consist in keeping up the respiration by\\nartificial breathing (page 16) until the kidneys, skin\\nand other organs have had time to eliminate the\\naconite. As this poison weakens the heart s action, we\\nmust freely use stimulants to counteract this effect,\\n(lEP*Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op Nbw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "VEGETABLE POISONS. 101\\nsuch as brandy or whisky, aromatic spirits of am-\\nmonia and strons: coffee.\\nALCOHOL.\\nAlcohol itself, or in the form of brandy, gin, rum,\\nwhisky, taken in large quantities, is followed by symp-\\ntoms of a violent poisonous character, and if relief\\nis not at once obtained, death often ensues. The press\\nreports instances not infrequently where children have\\nswallowed alcohol left within their reach, and have\\ndied in consequence.\\nWhen quantities sufficiently large to be followed\\nby alarming symptoms have been taken, the contents\\nof the stomach should be evacuated without delay, by f acut\\ntickling the throat with a feather or the tip of the poisoning by\\nfinger, by an emetic, such as ground mustard and alcohol,\\nwater, pulverized ipecacuanha, or sulphate of zinc; or\\nthe stomach-pump may be used, if convenient. The\\nvomiting should be assisted by copious draughts of\\nwarm water.\\nThe alcohol in the stomach having thus been dis-\\nposed of, the portion which has passed from the stom-\\nach into the blood, and has been carried to the brain\\nand to the rest of the nervous system, where its\\npoisonous action is being exerted, next claims atten-\\ntion, should symptoms appear to demand it. The ac-\\ntion of alcohol and its preparations upon the brain and\\nnervous system is seen under the common name of in-\\ntoxication. This may consist of mere stupor, or the\\nbrain and nervous system may be so completely over-\\ncome by the poison in the blood that the influence of\\nthese parts upon the muscular movements of the chest\\nand the heart is no longer kept up, and death ensues\\nXW Insure in The Mutual Iipe Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "102\\nVEGETABLE POISONS.\\nNeed of\\nartificial\\nrespiration.\\nfrom asphyxia, as described under that head. For this\\nreason artificial respiration by the Sylvester method\\n(described on p. 16) is sometimes indicated, and\\nmay be maintained for hours. Strong coffee is also of\\nmuch value as a stimulant. The practice of walking\\nthe patient around has no merit unless he is able to\\nuse his legs himself, and if he can do that, there is\\nno need for the exercise. Cold water douches also\\nare not advisable, although they seem to do good\\nfor a few moments. The body and extremities should\\nbe kept warm by flannels and hot-water bottles.\\nBelladonna.\\nAtropine.\\nBELLADONNA.\\nBelladonna, or deadly nightshade, has been intro-\\nduced into our gardens as an ornamental flower, and\\npoisoning sometimes occurs from eating the berries\\nor leaves. Solutions of this or of its active principle,\\natropine, are used under various forms, and should\\nnever be left where they can be swallowed by mistake.\\nBelladonna acts as a narcotic poison, like opium in\\nmany respects, only there is dilation, to a marked\\ndegree, of the pupil of the eye, and a peculiar redness\\nor suffusion of the face, which are not seen in poison-\\ning by opium. The duskiness of the face is the symp-\\ntom first observed by the physician. To discriminate\\nbetween the two, it may be remarked, that stramo-\\nnium (thorn apple, jimson weed) gives results closely\\nof poisoning, resembling belladonna. Both of these substances\\nbelladonna and stramonium are attended, when swal-\\nlowed in large doses, with a peculiar dryness of the\\nthroat and mouth, delirium, not accompanied at first\\nwith stupor, like opium, but with violent gestures,\\noften violent laughter, and a peculiar disposition to\\n(tW Insure in Ths Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)\\nSymptoms", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "VEGETABLE POISONS. 103\\npick in the air, or at the clothing, for imaginary ob-\\njects.\\nTreatment similar to that for aconite poisoning.\\nBRYONY.\\nThe root of this plant, when swallowed in sufficient\\nquantity, acts as an acrid, highly irritating poison.\\nIt is quite a common plant in Europe, but less seen\\nin the United States.\\nIf taken in poisonous quantities, empty the stomach Bryony,\\nas soon as possible; and, as in the case of all highly\\nirritating poisons, this should be followed by free\\ndrinking of milk, flaxseed tea, white of egg and water,\\nsugar and water, gum-arabic water, and similar things\\nCAMPHOR.\\nWhen taken in large doses, camphor acts as a narcotic\\npoison. The contents of the stomach, in such cases,\\nshould be evacuated by an emetic (p. 83), followed\\nby draughts of warm water, flaxseed tea, gum-arabic Camphor,\\nwater, milk and similar substances. The strong odor\\nof camphor in the breath and perspiration, in case of\\npoisoning, with narcotic symptoms, would naturally\\nindicate the character of the poison.\\nCARBOLIC ACID.\\nThis is frequently used as a poison nowadays. In\\nsome cases the action is so promptly fatal that there is\\nno time for treatment. If possible, the stomach Carbolic\\nshould be evacuated, and large doses of any soluble aci\\nsulphate, such as Epsom or Glauber s salts, should be\\ngiven. As the prostration is apt to be great, these will\\nhave to be followed by stimulants.\\n(fW Insure in Thb Mutual Life Insurance Co of New Yobe.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "104\\nVEGETABLE POISONS.\\nDigitalis\\nTreatment\\nof digitalis-\\npoisoning.\\nDIGITALIS FOXGLOVE\\nThis beautiful plant of the garden, cultivated in this\\ncountry for its flower, and used, in proper quantities,\\nas a valuable medicine, is a poison of the narcotic\\nclass, with a disposition to overcome the portion of\\nthe nervous system controlling the action of the heart.\\nThe treatment is very similar to that for aconite\\npoisoning, although in medicinal doses this drug is\\nused to strengthen the heart s action. The reason for\\nthis apparent inconsistency is that in poisonous doses\\ndigitalis enormously over-stimulates the heart, so that\\nin a little while it becomes very tired, and its action\\nbecomes weak. At this time, however, some other\\nstimulant may still be effective until the poisonous\\ninfluence of the digitalis has been eliminated. Great\\ncare must be taken to keep the patient flat in bed.\\nEven sitting-up may be sufficient to stop entirely the\\nalready weakened heart.\\nDulcamara.\\nDULCAMARA BITTER SWEET, WOODY NIGHT-\\nSHADE\\nThis well-known plant belongs to the narcotic class\\nof poisons, with symptoms like those of belladonna\\nand stramonium. The treatment is the same as for\\naconite.\\nHYOSCYAMUS HENBANE\\nThis vegetable, made use of in medicine, if taken in-\\nternally in improper quantities, acts as a narcotic pois-\\nHyoscyamus on, like others of the same natural order (Solanacae),\\nsuch as belladonna, dulcamara and stramonium.\\nThe treatment is the same as for aconite.\\n(OF* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Lobelia.\\nVEGETABLE POISONS. 105\\nLOBELIA INDIAN TOBACCO\\nThis vegetable is not now much used as a medicine\\nby physicians, as comparatively recent chemical dis-\\ncoveries have added substitutes to the list of drugs,\\nwhich do not possess the peculiar disadvantages of\\nthis substance.\\nIn poisonous amount lobelia belongs to the class of\\nacro-narcotics spoken of under the head of Aconite\\n(p. ioo). Fortunately one of the symptoms follow-\\ning its use is vomiting. This should be encouraged\\nby drinks of tepid water, gum-arabic water, etc. and,\\nif kept up until all the poison is rejected by the stom-\\nach, a favorable issue may be expected. Should vom-\\niting not occur at once, as a symptom, enough of the\\npoison may be absorbed into the blood to exert a fatal\\nnarcotic influence upon the brain and nervous system\\nor, to speak more precisely, through these organs\\nupon the movements of respiration and circulation.\\nOPIUM.\\nThis substance, or the numerous preparations of it\\nused in medicine, is one of the most frequent causes\\nof poisoning a physician is called to see. A com-\\nmon mistake is that of confounding laudanum and\\nparegoric a teaspoonful of the former contains six\\ngrains of opium, but of the latter only one-quarter of\\na grain. When the latter is supposed to have been\\ngiven by the nurse, the mistake is not found out until poisoning\\nit is often too late to be of material service in averting\\na fatal end. Morphine, the active principle of opium,\\nis often kept as a solution, in private houses, for do-\\nmestic use.\\nSources of\\nopium\\nC3T Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "106\\nVEGETABLE POISONS.\\nTreatment\\nof opium\\npoisoning.\\nAny of these preparations of opium, in improper\\ndoses, are followed by symptoms of narcotic poison-\\ning. Not only these, but many popular nostrums, as\\ninfant cordials and soothing syrups of various kinds\\ndepend for their utility upon some preparation of\\nopium, and are hence often followed by symptoms of\\nnarcotic poisoning. None of these things should be\\nused. If a child cries, it does so usually because it\\nfeels pain and instead of making it stupid with nar-\\ncotics so that it can not feel the pain, it is better to\\ngo to work to find out the cause and remove it.\\nThere is some reason for the suspicion that, in many\\ninstances, where a modicum of the popular remedies\\nof this class are not furnished by the mother to the\\nnursery, the enterprise of the nurse rather than see\\nthe child suffer secures it from a neighboring apoth-\\necary shop for the charge committed to her care.\\nOpium, its preparations, and the active principle of\\nthe drug, morphia, all act in the same way, by ab-\\nsorption into the blood, and distribution by it to the\\nbrain and nervous system. Through these organs\\nthe movements of the chest and heart become more\\nor less interfered with. In this respect, its action is\\nessentially like that of carbonic acid gas, alcohol and\\nmost of the vegetable poisons herein described, with-\\nout, however, any acrid or irritating complication.\\nTreatment. What is in the stomach must be taken\\nout, to prevent further absorption, and what is in the\\nblood must be worked out, under proper guidance,\\nby the processes of nature constantly engaged with\\nsuch products. If the breathing and circulation tend\\nto cease, because of the inability of the brain and\\nnervous system to temporarily discharge these duties,\\n(jt^~Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)]", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "VEGETABLE POISONS. 107\\nthese essential movements must be taken charge of\\nby a friend.\\nAn active emetic, like ground mustard, must be\\ngiven at once, remembering that trouble* may be\\nfound in getting it to act, because of the diminished\\nsensibility to its presence, from the local stupefying\\naction of the opium upon the mucous membrane of\\nthe stomach. The action of the mustard should be\\nassisted by tickling the inside of the throat with the\\nfingers or a feather.\\nSulphate of zinc, salt and water, pulverized ipe-\\ncacuanha may be given in fact, anything to empty the\\nstomach as soon as possible.\\nIf the respiration is not suspended, but is going on\\nat a diminished rate, above eight to the minute, arti-\\nficial respiration is not required, until the number of\\nrespiratory movements of the chest falls below this.\\nA strong stimulant, in the shape of twenty or thirty\\ndrops of aromatic spirits of ammonia in a tablespoon-\\nful of water, may be given three or four times, at inter-\\nvals of a couple or more minutes. It is better than reat ent\\nbrandy, or anything alcoholic, because the mode of cases\\naction of brandy is much the same upon the brain Q f opium-\\nas opium, and it might be rather adding to than tak- poisoning,\\ning from the poison that is at work. A few table-\\nspoonfuls of very strong, freshly made coffee is a use-\\nful thing to give in such cases. If potassium per-\\nmanganate can be obtained, it should be given in\\ndoses of five grains in water every fifteen minutes until\\nfour doses have been taken.\\nThe most efficient antidote is belladonna or its act-\\nive principle, atropine. Ten drops of the tincture of Antidote,\\nbelladonna or one-hundredth of a grain of atropine\\nshould be given every fifteen minutes until four doses\\n(|^*Insure in The Mutual Life Ixscbaxce Co. op New Toek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "108\\nVEGETABLE POISONS.\\nTreatment\\nin severe\\ncases\\nof opium-\\npoisoning.\\nAfter-\\ntreatment.\\nhave been taken. No more than this should be given\\nwithout the advice of a physician.\\nWhen the respirations get below eight to the min-\\nute, it is necessary to resort to artificial breathing by\\nSylvester s method (see p. 16). We may have to\\nkeep this up for hours before all danger is past. It is\\nwell to stop every fifteen minutes for a minute or two\\nin order to see if the natural respirations will main-\\ntain themselves at a rate over eight a minute. As\\nlong as this is the case we can rest but the breathing\\nmust be carefully noted all the time and counted with\\na watch. The body and extremities must be kept\\nwarmly covered and hot water bottles used, if neces-\\nsary. The old measures of walking the patient around\\nor of dashing him with cold water are only mentioned\\nin order to be prohibited. They exhaust without do-\\ning any good.\\nIn case medical assistance shall not have been se-\\ncured, and the patient shows signs of improvement, in\\nthe shape of more frequent respirations, stronger pulse\\nand returning consciousness, many of these measures\\nmay be omitted as the apparent necessity disappears.\\nIn a short time the patient will appear as a person who\\nis soundly sleeping from the effects of a full dose of\\nopium or other narcotic, the quantity beyond that\\nhaving been parted with by the blood. He may now\\nbe let alone, unless some return to the previous con-\\ndition is noticed, when a dose or two of the strong\\nand easily procured stimulant, aromatic spirits of am-\\nmonia, or coffee, may again be given him. If neces-\\nsary, artificial respiration must be resumed.\\n(|^*Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Oxalic\\nacid.\\nVEGETABLE POISONS. 109\\nOXALIC ACID.\\nThis substance is largely used in the arts, and in\\nprivate households, for removing stains of iron from\\ntextures and surfaces, which it does by combining with\\nan otherwise insoluble salt of iron, and converting it\\ninto a soluble oxalate of iron, easily removable by\\nwater. From the strong resemblance oxalic acid bears\\nto Epsom salts, it has often been taken instead of the\\nwell-known purgative of that name. To avoid the\\npossibility of such an accident, oxalic acid should be\\nkept in another part of the house from which medi-\\ncines are kept, and no precaution omitted, by label and\\nother marking of the parcel, to make the difference\\nbetween them as decided as possible. It is well to\\nremember also that, wholly unlike Epsom salts, the\\ntaste of oxalic acid, applied to the tongue, is quite\\nsour.\\nWhen swallowed internally the activity of this poi-\\nson admits of no delay. It belongs to the class of irri-\\ntant poisons spoken of so often, and produces death\\nchiefly by destructive action on the mucous membrane\\n(lining) of the throat, stomach and bowels.\\nTime can scarcely be lost to give an emetic; but\\nsomething must be given to rapidly combine with the\\npoison and divert its activity from the parts men-\\ntioned. It has a strong affinity for lime, forming with\\nit a comparatively insoluble oxalate of lime and for\\nmagnesia, forming with it an insoluble oxalate of mag-\\nnesia, which can be dislodged with less haste. A tea- Antidote for\\nspoonful of lime from a whitewash bucket or at the oxallc acid\\nbottom of the bottle of lime water, when made as di-\\nrected in another place (page 162), mixed with a cup\\nof water, might be given every few minutes, or some\\n(t3F*Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yoak.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "110\\nVEGETABLE POISONS.\\nOxalate of\\npotash, or\\nsalts of\\nlemon or\\nsorrel.\\ncrushed chalk (a carbonate of lime), or some mag-\\nnesia, may be given. All these things can easily be\\nhad, and not a moment need be lost in getting the per-\\nson to swallow them. The common whiting used\\nfor polishing glass, making cheap paint and putty, is\\nessentially the same as prepared chalk. After the\\noxalic acid is supposed to have been neutralized, an\\nemetic of ground mustard or pulverized ipecacuanha\\nmay be given.\\nScraping the ceiling or wall will not procure the anti-\\ndote if plaster of paris has been used instead of com-\\nmon lime, as is often the case. The often recommend-\\ned mantel images of plaster of paris are also of little\\nuse. Lime in the sulphate (plaster of paris) is too\\nfirmly united to the sulphuric acid to give it up for\\noxalic.\\nOxalate of potash, commonly called salts of lemon\\nor salts of sorrel, produces the same result as oxalic\\nacid, and the treatment is the same.\\nPULSATILLA.\\nPulsatilla.\\nmeadow anemone, or\\nThe eating of this plant,\\nparts of it, has been followed by symptoms of acro-\\nnarcotic poisoning. The plant is so active at times\\nthat when applied externally, irritation to the parts\\ntouched is felt. When poisoning results from swal-\\nlowing it, the course of treatment recommended under\\nAconite (p. ioo) may be followed.\\nSANGUINARIA BLOOD-ROOT\\nSanguinaria Taken internally in an overdose, acts as acro-narcotic\\npoison. See Aconite (p. ioo).\\n(i3T Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. or New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "VEGETABLE POISONS. Ill\\nSAVIN E.\\nThis is an active irritating poison, inflaming the\\nstomach and bowels. When thus taken, vomiting, by\\ntickling the throat with the finger or a feather, should\\nbe at once induced. The mucous membrane (lining)\\nof the bowels should be protected from the irritating Savlne\\naction of what has escaped be3/ond the stomach before\\nit could be emptied by vomiting, by drinking large\\nquantities of water or milk, with good quantities of\\ngum-arabic dissolved in it. If the oil of savine, which\\nis the usual form of the substance when used with a\\ncriminal intent, has been taken, it might be well to\\ntake a dose of castor oil.\\nSPIGELIA.\\nThe use of this plant, commonly called pink root,\\nas a destroyer of worms, was given, it is said, to the\\nwhites by the Cherokee Indians, and has become very\\ngeneral throughout the entire country. It is given\\nwith a great deal of confidence and recklessness, and\\nis often followed by symptoms of a narcotic charac-\\nter, attended also with convulsive movements. When\\nsuch poisonous symptoms follow its use, vomiting plge ia\\nshould be promoted and kept up by frequent draughts\\nof warm water. As in the case of other narcotics, a\\ndrink of strong coffee may be of service. Acidulated\\ndrinks, as water and vinegar, water with lemon juice,\\nare thought to be useful, and probably are, in favoring\\nthe elimination of the poison absorbed into the blood,\\nby the action of the skin and kidneys.\\n(Z%~ Insure in The Mctcal Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "112 VEGETABLE POISONS.\\nSTRAMONIUM.\\nUsually known as thorn apple or jimson weed,\\nbelongs to the same natural order in botany as bella-\\ndonna, dulcamara and hyoscyamus; and when taken\\ninternally, in improper quantities, is followed by sim-\\nilar general symptoms. Children often gather the\\nseeds and eat them. A history of the case, the evi-\\ndence of some of the seeds or capsules, the narcotic\\nStramonium S y m ptoms, with the peculiar duskiness of the face and\\ndryness of the mouth and throat mentioned when\\nspeaking of belladonna, are sufficient to point out the\\nvegetable used. There is a decided disposition to\\nlaugh and to pick at imaginary objects on the part of\\nthe person under its effects.\\nTreatment is the same as for aconite.\\nSTRYCHNIA.\\nThis is the active principle of the nux vomica, or\\ndog button, as it is sometimes called, from the use\\noften made of it. This poison acts in a peculiar man-\\nner upon the nervous ystem, throwing the muscles of\\nthe body into strong convulsive movements. There\\nis a disposition during, the convulsion, for the heels\\nand the back of the head to meet (opisthotonos),\\nunder the influence of the violent muscular move-\\nments. Whenever this is seen, and if seen it will\\nsurely be remembered, the coincidence between it and\\nthe use of strychnia should be remembered.\\nThe stomach should be evacuated with the least pos-\\nsible delay, if it is known the person has just taken\\nthe poison. The patient must be kept quiet in bed in\\na room which is darkened and has the windows and\\nStrychnia.\\n(JSP* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "VEGETABLE POISONS. 113\\ndoors shut. Thirty grains of bromide of sodium or\\npotassium should be given at once and may be re-\\npeated in fifteen minutes. Ten grains of chloral hy- Treatment,\\ndrate can be added to each dose with marked benefit.\\nIt may be necessary to repeat these medicines a third\\nor even a fourth time, but care should be taken not\\nto overdose.\\nTOBACCO.\\nTo a person not accustomed to its effects, tobacco\\nis an acro-narcotic poison, agreeing in its essen-\\ntial character with aconite, and others of the same Tobacco,\\ngeneral class. The movements of the heart become\\nso much interfered with that death may take place\\nunless proper assistance is at once given. Fortu-\\nnately, like lobelia, it acts as an emetic, and before\\nenough can be absorbed into the blood from the stom-\\nach, the contents of that organ are rejected. Hence,\\nwhen death has ensued from the direct use of tobacco\\nwe find that it was used as an injection, a form in\\nwhich it should never be given.\\nOTHER VEGETABLE POISONS.\\nBesides those enumerated in the foregoing pages\\nare many others, whose names even cannot be here\\ngiven. Most of them belong to the acro-narcotic\\nclass and may be treated as advised in speaking of\\nthose mentioned under that head. See Aconite\\n(page ioo).\\n(J^ Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "SECTION IV.\\nCARE OF INVALIDS.\\nTo those who are lying upon beds of anguish and\\npossibly mortal illness, there can be nothing more\\ncomforting 1 than the thought that a policy of insur-\\nance in The Mutual Life Insurance Company\\nof New York protects those who are dependent\\non them.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "VENTILATION. 117\\nVENTILATION.\\nJVIost readers know that the bodies of animals are am\\nr The blood is\\nconstantly undergoing changes the old particles, purified by\\nbecoming worn out and useless, are thrown into fresh air.\\nthe blood and carried away, while new ones are taken\\nfrom the blood and put in their places. These decaying\\nparticles, as soon as they become useless, must be\\ncarried away through the blood and out of the body.\\nThe chief means by which this end is accomplished\\nis through the use of pure air, which washes away\\nthese impure particles from the blood. This air enters\\npure, through the mouth and nostrils into the lungs,\\nand comes out laden with these poisonous materials.\\nIf these decaying particles are taken into the lungs\\nagain, they not only prevent the escape of the poisonous\\nmaterials from the body, but really add more poison to\\nit. Soiled air can no more purify soiled blood than\\nsoiled water can cleanse soiled clothes. There is one\\nthing that can do it, and that is, plenty of pure air.\\nNow, the question is, how much pure air does it\\nrequire to answer this purpose? You may have some\\nidea of it when you remember that an ordinary man a j r nee ded\\nspoils not less than 3,000 cubic feet of pure air. every for purifying\\nhour. A sick person needs much more. He should the blood,\\nnever be put in a room that contains less than 1,500\\ncubic feet of air space, i. e., it must be at least 15 feet\\nlong, 12 feet wide, and 9 feet high, allowing a little\\nfor furniture. Even then the ventilation needs to be\\nvery good.\\nNot only is the air of a room made impure by breath-\\ning, but it is made impure by the gas we burn as a\\n(S\u00c2\u00a3T~ Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "Do not close\\na fire-place.\\n118 VENTILATION.\\nEffect of gas n S nt It is estimated that an ordinary burner con-\\nand stove on sumes as much air as eleven men would do that is,\\nthe air. one gas burner in three-quarters of an hour con-\\nsumes as much air as would answer a man for a whole\\nnight. If there is an ordinary stove in the room it de-\\nstroys as much air as would twenty-five men. All these\\nfacts and estimates must be thought of when you hesi-\\ntate sometimes about putting up or letting down a\\nwindow a few inches.\\nIf the house is an old one there may be a fireplace\\nin the room. If so, do not attempt to seal it up be-\\ncause the air comes in as air is just the thing you\\nwant but leave it open, or at least the best part of it.\\nIf the house is a more modern one, there, is perhaps, a\\nflue if so, do not upon any excuse attempt to close\\nit, but let it alone.\\nA great many persons have an idea that this letting-\\nin of pure air, or ventilation, means raising a window\\na little from the bottom, or opening a door a short\\ndistance. They never mind much where the window\\nmust enter or door opens into it is all the same, so they open\\nand foul air somewhere. The idea is not correct. Ventilation\\nescape. no t only means providing a way for the pure air\\nto come in, but for the bad air to get out. This can\\nusually be accomplished by drawing down the top sash\\na few inches, which will let the heated impure air out\\nof the room, and by raising the lower sash a few\\ninches to let the fresh air into it. If you wish to\\nknow that the hot air really goes out at the upper\\nopening, hold a lighted candle near it, when the\\nblaze will be carried outward by the force of the\\nescaping current and if you will hold it to the opening\\nbelow, the flame will point inward from the current\\nof cool air which comes from without. A more certain\\nFresh air\\n(OT Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "VENTILATION.\\n119\\nway to secure the proper amount of fresh air is to\\nhave openings on opposite sides of the room, so that\\nthe air will circulate through the chamber as much\\nas possible.\\nRemember not to have the current play over the\\nbed on which the person lies sleeping, as the person\\nmiedit catch a cold. But if there is no other way\\nJ Avoid a draft\\nand some rooms are so constructed that no other if possible.\\nmeans appear possible it is better to open the win-\\ndows, and escape the effects of the draught, by putting\\nan extra covering over the person. Should there be\\nonly one window in the chamber, raise that and open\\nthe door a little. If you can contrive no means by\\nwhich a desirable amount of pure air can be per-\\nmanently secured, bear the matter in mind, and some\\nday when your physician comes in ask him about\\nit. Persons who habitually sleep in badly ven-\\ntilated houses are seldom compelled to wait long for\\nsuch an opportunity, as he is frequently summoned to\\nthe occupants of these houses.\\nIf pure air is so important to people who call\\nthemselves in health, how much more important is\\nit to those who are sick. The lungs try to throw the l ^f\u00c2\u00b0 n\\n1 1 re 11 iiii i \u00c2\u00b0f fresh air\\nload off, as can be detected by the heavy odor of to the s j ck#\\nthe breath the skin is trying to do the same thing, as\\nyou will perceive by its sickly, clammy feeling; and\\na physician will see that a dozen different attempts\\nare made in one place or another, with the same\\nobject in view. These noxious materials, as they\\nare cast off, tend to poison the surrounding air;\\nso we must assist nature in relieving the patient by\\nkeeping a constant supply of fresh air in the chamber\\nwhere he lies. Not only do we assist in curing the\\npatient, by carrying away these poisonous materials\\n(E^ Insure in Thk Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York..)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "120\\nVENTILATION.\\nPrevalence\\nwinter.\\nby plenty of pure air, but, at the same time, we greatly\\nlessen the chances of other persons contracting disease\\nby breathing the contaminated atmosphere.\\nMost observers have noticed that certain contagious\\ndiseases, as small-pox, scarlet-fever, etc., are very apt\\nto prevail during the winter. The reason is a simple\\nofcontagious one because the poisonous or contagious principle is\\ndiseases in kept confined in the room through fear of admitting\\nthe cold. It becomes so concentrated and virulent\\nthat it is capable of producing the disease in others.\\nIn warmer weather, this prejudice against fresh air\\ndoes not exist the doors and windows are kept open,\\nthe fresh air enters in abundance and dilutes the\\nemanations so much that they lose their power to\\nextend the disease. These diseases then diminish until\\nclosed doors come again with the cold weather. This\\nis not only the case in low fevers, scarlet fever, etc.,\\nbut the same principle holds true with most other\\ndiseases, so that the first and la\u00c2\u00a7t thing a nurse should\\ndo is this\\nKeep the air the sick person breathes as pure as the air\\noutside without chilling him.\\nMany persons think, as before remarked, that the\\nright thing has been done if a door or window is\\nopened, never minding where the air comes from,\\nwhether from a close entry, a foul kitchen or even\\nfrom an untidy water-closet. If the air does come\\nalready foul. fr om an y suc h pi ace the sick-room is not aired,\\nbut only more poisoned. The kind of air one requires is\\nthe best air of the neighborhood, and this usually\\ncomes from the outside of the house.\\nWith plenty of open windows to let in the pure air,\\nand a little burning fuel to take off the chill, it is an\\neasy matter to get that kind of air which all sick\\nNew air\\nmust not be\\n(IGP-Iiisure iu The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "TEMPERATURE. 121\\npersons need. It is a rare thing for a person to\\ncatch cold while in bed. Indeed, some physicians \u00c2\u00abc^ ^jj\\nsay they never saw a case of it from such a cause, and co id i n bed.\\nif the bed-clothes are properly tucked in about the\\nshoulders it is hard to imagine how such a thing could\\noccur, unless the air is so cold that it acts upon the\\nlungs as it would upon the ear, nose or fingers, directly\\ninflaming the organs of respiration as if by frost bite.\\ncold.\\nTEMPERATURE.\\nCold has been called the great enemy of age, and\\nas the same inability to resist death is found in the Influence of\\nsick as in the aged, cold may be said to be the great*\\nenemy of the weak. The report of the Registrar-Gen-\\neral of Great Britain for the cold months of the year\\n1875 shows that, while there was no new malady, but\\nonly the familiar forms of bronchitis, phthisis pulmo-\\nnalis (consumption) and pneumonia (inflammation of\\nthe lungs) always holding their own in the returns\\nof the causes of death yet these well-known diseases\\nwere answerable for a number of victims greatly\\nin excess of the average. Thus, where the weekly\\naverage for ten years from the three specified causes\\nhad remained about stationary during the prevalence\\nof the cold weather of December, there was an increase\\nof twenty-five per cent, in the death rate. The prob-\\nable or, at least, the only assignable cause of this\\nmortality, was the low temperature which prevailed.\\nThis is true as to the cause of death and the same\\nauthority shows that the death rate from all causes,\\namong persons 60 years old and upward which\\n(I^*InsTire in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of Xew York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "122\\nTEMPERATURE.\\nInfluence of\\nheat.\\nOne avoid-\\nable way\\nof catching\\ncold.\\npreviously stood at 62 per thousand of all the deaths\\nfrom these causes rose during seven cold weeks to\\n130 per thousand, and during the cold weather of the\\nlast two weeks of December, 1874, rose still higher, to\\n150 per thousand.\\nWhile cold leads to a great mortality among the\\nweak and aged and the very young it cannot be\\ndoubted, on the other hand, that in warmer latitudes\\nreliable statistics would prove that the heat of\\nsummer leads to quite as great a mortality among the\\naged and debilitated. Ordinary observation will sat-\\nisfy any one of the truth of this about young children.\\nNow, for practical purposes, there is a little differ-\\nence between an aged or a young person and a sick\\none. Hence, because violent and extreme changes\\nshould be avoided, as much as possible, at the periods\\nof life mentioned cold proving most destructive to\\nthe aged, and heat to the young a corresponding\\ncarefulness should be observed in regard to the sick\\nof every age.\\nThe consideration of these facts naturally leads to\\nthe inquiry whether we are helpless under the con-\\nditions which they disclose but common sense and\\nexperience fortunately show that we are not. While\\nthe susceptibility is doubtless increased by the sudden\\nvariations of temperature referred to, the question\\nappears whether the still greater variations to which\\npeople unthinkingly expose themselves may not be\\nquite as dangerous. In this respect, an audience just\\nleaving a hall or place of amusement is an instructive\\nsight. It includes numbers of delicate women who\\nhabitually dress in furs and warm wraps, who\\nhave been sitting for two or three hours, with\\nlow dresses, in a heated, vitiated and relaxing\\n(KP*Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "TEMPERATURE. 123\\natmosphere. These wait, before starting home, in\\na cold, draughty lobby, standing in thin shoes,\\nand while talking and laughing with their friends,\\ntake deep breaths of the raw cold air into lungs\\nwhich have been previously breathing a vapor-\\nbath. Many of these changes of temperature inci-\\ndent to the customs of society are of a purely artificial\\ncharacter, scarcely to be resisted by the strong with the\\nbest of health. The waste of health and strength is\\noften too great for the robust, and the weak had better\\navoid them.\\nMany of the illnesses deplored under this head are\\ndoubtless due to the direct shock given by the sudden\\nentrance of a volume of cold air into the lungs, which\\ncould have been avoided almost entirely by the simple t h rou h the\\nexpedient of breathing only through the nostrils, and n ose.\\nkeeping the lips closed, so that the air would have\\nbecome warmed before entrance into the lungs.\\nThe sudden changes from heat to cold do not all\\ntake place away from home. Many colds are\\ndue to the arrangement of private houses, which\\nappear to be built for neither heat nor cold, and do Risks within\\nnot resist either. A person going from the house the house\\nto the outside cold air has been taught to put on a\\ncoat but a person going from one room to another has\\nnot this fear, and steps into a cold bath without\\nwarning. We say cold bath, for practically the com-\\nmunicating entries of the house, with gas-burners at\\nevery landing of the stairs, are as well devised a\\nmeans of getting the heat from the lower rooms,\\nwhere needed, to the garret, where not needed, as\\nif specially designed for the purpose particularly\\nif the lower outside doors are occasionally opened.\\nInvalids should therefore always pass through entries\\n(JJTlnsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "Invalids\\n124 TEMPERATURE.\\nand long stairways as well protected as if going into\\ncold air on the other side of the front door.\\nA time when people are very apt to catch cold is\\njust after getting up from a warm bed, when the skin\\nhas become somewhat relaxed from many hours, or\\nperhaps days, of lying there, and is rendered less\\ncapable of reaction. The same temperature which re-\\nmust not be freshes a patient in bed while protected by the bed-\\nchilled, clothing, might destroy the patient just arisen. Com-\\nmon sense will tell us that while we want pure air, we\\nof course want that which cannot chill the sick person.\\nAfter all, a cold is as often the result of de-\\nbility as the direct exposure to a draught of cold\\nair. If each individual will observe his own case the\\nnext time a cold is contracted, he will find, more than\\nA cold is likely, that it was preceded some days by lassitude,\\nfrequently headache, more or less inability to exercise the think-\\ning faculties with the usual success, disturbed diges-\\ntion, etc., etc. These symptoms have all become ex-\\naggerated by a very slight exposure, and sometimes\\nthe cold appears without any remembered exposure.\\nWhen the above-named symptoms appear, it is wiser\\nto examine into their cause rather than to inquire\\nwhat particular exposure to a draught of air gave rise\\nto the cold. A discovery of the remote cause of the\\nattack may place it in the power of the person to pre-\\nvent a recurrence, and a judicious, generous diet and\\nattention to fresh air will often give more relief than\\nSquills and other domestic remedies of the same\\nkind.\\nIn many diseased conditions much less heat is pro-\\nduced than in health and there is a constant ten-\\ndency to a decline and ultimate extinction of the vital\\npowers by the call made upon them to sustain the heat\\n(J3jT Insure in The Mutoal Lifb Insdrancb Co. op New York\\ndebility.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "TEMPERATURE. 125\\nof the body. In such cases, the patient should be\\ncarefully observed every little while, and as soon as i nva lids\\nthis tendency is discovered, the temperature of the produce less\\nbody should be kept up by heat externally applied, as heat than the\\nwarm bricks, tin cans or bottles filled with hot water, we e pe\\netc. Such cases of decline of the heat of the body occur m\\n_ morning.\\nat all times, even in summer. This coldness, indicat-\\ning a decline of vitality, is most apt to happen to-\\nward morning, at the time the effect of the preceding\\nday s diet begins to be exhausted. Everybody knows\\nthat it is usually toward the morning that we begin\\nto suffer from the effects of cold, because the vital\\nforces are then beginning to slacken from the want\\nof food. If this is the case in health, it is the same\\nin disease. Hence, from midnight until nine or ten\\no clock the next morning, the condition of the patient\\nshould always be carefully watched, and as soon as\\nwant of heat is noticed the nurse should at once take\\nmeans to counteract it.\\nDuring the day time the temperature of the room\\nshould be kept about 70 degrees. The night tempera-\\nture should vary according to the health of the occu- ture of\\npant. If that is good, it can be as low as 50 degrees, room,\\nor even 40 degrees, without discomfort, provided the\\nbed-covering is sufficient. If the occupant is an in-\\nvalid, the temperature should not fall much below 60\\ndegrees. It will often be necessary to stir up a little\\nheat in the early morning to prevent too great a fall.\\n(tW Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "126 CHAMBER UTENSILS.\\nCHAMBER UTENSILS.\\nNothing should ever go into the slop-pail of a\\nchamber but the refuse water from the wash-basin, etc.,\\nand then it should stand no longer than necessary.\\nUnder no circumstances whatever should the contents\\nof any utensil used about the bed ever go into it.*\\nSome observations by Florence Nightingale upon these\\nmatters are given here from Notes on Nursing\\nThe use of any chamber utensil without a lid should be\\nutterly abolished, whether among sick or well. You can easily\\nconvince yourself of the necessity of this absolute rule by\\ntaking one with a lid, and examining the under side of that lid.\\nIt will be found always covered, whenever the utensil is not\\nempty, by condensed, offensive moisture. Where does that\\ngo when there is no lid\\nBut never, never should the possession of this indispensable\\nlid confirm you in the abominable practice of letting the\\nchamber utensil remain in a patient s room unemptied except\\nonce in twenty-four hours i.e., when the bed is made. Yes,\\nimpossible as it may appear, I have known the best and\\nmost attentive nurses guilty of this aye, and have known, too,\\na patient afflicted with severe diarrhoea for ten days, and the\\nnurse (a very good one) not know of it because the chamber\\nutensil (one with a lid) was emptied only once in twenty-four\\nhours, and then by the housemaid who came in and made the\\npatient s bed every evening. As well might you have a\\nsewer under the room, or think that in a water-closet the plug\\nneed be pulled up but once a day. Also take care that your\\nlid, as well as your utensil, be always thoroughly rinsed.\\nIf a nurse declines to do this kind of thing for her patient,\\nbecause it is not her business/ I should say that nursing was\\nnot her calling. I have seen surgical sisters, women whose\\nhands were worth to them two or three guineas a week, down\\nupon their knees scouring a room or hut, because they thought\\nit otherwise not fit for their patient to go into. I am far from\\nwishing nurses to scour. It is a waste of power. But I do say\\nthat these women had the true nurse-calling the good of their\\nsick first, and second only the consideration what it was their\\nplace to do and that the women who wait for the housemaid\\nto do this, or for the charwoman to do that, when their patients\\nare suffering, have not the making of a nurse in them.\\nEarthenware, or, if there is any wood, highly polished and\\nvarnished wood, are the only materials fit for patients utensils.\\nThe very lid of the old abominable close stool is enough to\\nbreed a pestilence. It becomes saturated with offensive matter,\\nwhich scouring is only wanted to bring out. I prefer an\\n$W Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance. Co, op Nkw Yokk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "DISINFECTANTS.\\n127\\nDISINFECTANTS.\\nAn able medical lecturer in Philadelphia is in the\\nhabit of tersely saying before his class that fumiga-\\ntions, as a rule, act on the principle of one stink stink-\\ning out another stink. There is a deal of truth about\\nit. The popular idea is that they destroy filthiness.\\nUsed in the ordinary way, they can do no such thing.\\nThey only make filthiness less evident, because they\\nmake the odor less perceptible, which is an indication\\nof its presence. Remove the cause, and all the un-\\npleasant effects must cease.\\nAt the present time it is known that many diseases\\nare caused by small living organisms, called microbes.\\nAmong these diseases are consumption, cholera, yel-\\nlow fever, typhoid fever, typhus fever, diphtheria,\\nwhooping-cough, small-pox, measles, scarlet fever and\\nseveral others of less importance. Each of these is\\ncaused by its own particular microbe, which can be\\ntransferred to a healthy person and then start up the\\noriginal disease. These microbes may be present in\\nthe dejections, in the vomit, in the expectoration, in\\nthe breath, or may be detached from the skin. In\\nearthenware lid as being always cleaner. But there are various\\ngood new-fashioned arrangements.\\nA slop-pail should never be brought into a sick-room. It\\nshould be a rule invariable, rather more important in the\\nprivate house than elsewhere, that the utensil should be carried\\ndirectly to the water-closet, emptied there, rinsed there, and\\nbrought back. There should always be water and a cock in\\nevery water-closet for rinsing. But even if there is not, you\\nmust carry water there to rinse with. I have actually seen in\\na private sick-room the utensils emptied into the foot-pan. and\\nput back unrinsed, under the bed. I can hardly say which is\\nmost abominable, whether to do this or to rinse the utensil in\\nthe sick-room. In the best hospitals it is now a rule that no\\nslop-pail shall ever be brought into the wards, but that utensils\\nshall be carried direct, to be emptied and rinsed at the proper\\nplace. I would it were so in the private house.\\n(EP* Insure in The Motcax Life Insurance Co. op Kbw York.)\\nFumigation\\nis usually\\nworthless.\\nDiseases\\nwhich are\\ndue to\\nmicrobes.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "128 DISINFECTANTS.\\norder to destroy them it is necessary to use disin-\\nfectants which will kill them. In order to be of any\\navail, a disinfectant should remain in contact with the\\nsubstance to be disinfected a sufficient length of time\\nto accomplish the object in view, otherwise it is value-\\nless.\\nAmong the disinfectants the following are the most\\nimportant. For convenience they will be called\\nSTANDARD DISINFECTANT SOLUTIONS.\\nNo. I. Chloride of Lime. This has an odor\\nwhich is quite offensive to many. It bleaches clothing\\nreadily and may even destroy delicate fabrics. A\\ndi i fe t standard solution of 4 per cent, strength is made by\\nsolutions adding six ounces to a gallon of pure water.\\nNo. 2. Bichloride of Mercury. Commonly\\nknown as corrosive sublimate. This cannot be used\\nin contact with metal, as it is precipitated. A standard\\nsolution is made in the strength of 1 to 500 by adding\\nfifteen grains to a pint of water.\\nNo. 3. Carbolic Acid. A standard solution of\\n5 per cent, strength is made by adding seven ounces\\nto the gallon of water.\\nNo. 4. Solution of Chlorinated Soda. Com-\\nmonly called Labarraque s Solution. It bleaches veg-\\netable colors slowly. A standard solution of this in\\n10 per cent, strength is made by mixing it with nine\\nparts of water.\\nNo. 5. Chloride of Zinc. A standard solution of\\nthis in 10 per cent, strength is made by adding a pound\\nto the gallon of water.\\nAll of these solutions are very poisonous and must\\nbe handled with care. To leave a dish of carbolic acid\\n(tW Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "DISINFECTANTS. 129\\nin the room or to sprinkle some chloride of lime on\\nthe floor does not hurt the microbe unless the microbe rjisinfect-\\nhappens to fall into it. Disinfectants must be applied ants must be\\ndirectly and thoroughly to the microbe-carrying sub- applied\\nstance in order to do their work properly. The fol- thoroughly,\\nlowing rules are given for the purposes noted.\\nFOR EXCRETA.\\nMix each stool thoroughly with two quarts of\\nNo. i, the standard solution of chloride of lime, or\\nof No. 3, the standard solution of carbolic acid. Let it Disinfection\\nstand at least one hour with the former and four hours of excreta,\\nwith the latter before emptying. For privy-vaults\\nand cesspools, use liberal amounts of No. 2, the\\nstandard solution of mercury bichloride or of No. 3,\\nthe standard solution of carbolic acid, and scatter\\nplentifully over the surface chloride of lime in powder.\\nRub down the walls frequently with No. 3, the stand-\\nard solution of carbolic acid. These measures are of\\nespecial value in cholera, typhoid, dysentery and\\ntuberculosis. In cholera, diphtheria, yellow fever and\\nscarlet fever, all vomited material should be treated\\nin the same way.\\nFOR THE EXPECTORATION.\\nThis should be discharged into a cup containing\\na considerable quantity of No. 1, the standard solu- Disinfection\\ntion of chloride of lime, or of No. 2, the standard of expecto-\\nsolution of mercury bichloride, to each pint of which ratlon espe-\\nfifteen grains of potassium permanganate has been cia y\\nadded. It should remain in this for several hours be- consum\\nfore emptying. All cloths which have been used to tion.\\nwipe the mouth should be burnt. These measures\\n(SW Insure In The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "180\\nDISINFECTANTS.\\nare of great importance in consumption, diphtheria,\\nscarlet fever and infectious pneumonia. When it is\\nremembered that one-seventh of all deaths occur from\\nconsumption in some of its forms, and that it is very\\nfrequently caught by inhaling dried sputum, the im-\\nportance of thorough disinfection in this disease can-\\nnot be too highly insisted on.\\nFOR CLOTHING AND BEDDING.\\nDisinfection\\nof clothing\\nand bedding.\\nIf of little value, destroy by fire. If it can be washed,\\nboil for at least half an hour, or immerse for at least\\nfour hours in No. 2, the standard solution of mercury\\nbichloride diluted twice, or in No. 3, the standard solu-\\ntion of carbolic acid diluted once. If it cannot be\\nwashed, expose it for two hours to a dry heat at a\\ntemperature of 230 degrees Fahr., at least. Mattresses\\nshould have the cover removed or freely opened before\\ndisinfection. In fact, it is better to destroy them and\\nblankets by fire.\\nFOR THE PERSON.\\nDisinfection\\nof the\\nperson.\\nThe hands and bodies of the attendants and of con-\\nvalescents should be washed with No. 4, the 10 per\\ncent, standard solution of chlorinated soda, or No. 3,\\nthe standard solution of carbolic acid diluted one-and-\\na-half times.\\nFOR THE DEAD.\\nDisinfection\\nof the dead.\\nEnvelop the body in a sheet thoroughly saturated\\nwith No. I, the standard solution of chloride of lime,\\nor No. 2,the standard solution of mercury bichloride,\\nor No. 3, the standard solution of cabolic acid.\\n(JBTlnsure In Tas Mutual Life Insubance Co. of New ?obk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "DISINFECTANTS. 131\\nFOR THE SICK ROOM.\\nWhile occupied, wash all surfaces occasionally with\\nNo. 2, the standard solution of mercury bichloride,\\ndiluted once, or No. 3, the standard solution of car-\\nbolic acid, diluted once.\\nAfter the patient has been removed, wash all the\\nwalls, floor and ceiling, and all other surfaces in the ls n ectlon\\nm 1 ~r of sick-room,\\nroom. Then close it tightly by stuffing rags or papers\\nin the cracks of the windows and doors. Burn in it\\nat least three pounds of sulphur to every 1,000 cubic\\nfeet. A good way to do this is to take a washtub and\\nput in it a few inches of water and several bricks.\\nOn the bricks place an iron pot containing the sulphur.\\nPour over this a pint of alcohol and set fire to it.\\nLet the room remain closed for at least twenty-four\\nhours. Then wash all the surfaces with No. 2, the\\nstandard solution of mercury bichloride, diluted once,\\nor of No. 3, the standard solution of carbolic acid,\\ndiluted once, and then with soap and water. After this\\nuse quantities of fresh air and as much sunlight as\\npossible.\\nDo not think that this question of disinfection is of\\nlittle moment. If vou remember that an ounce\\nValue of\\nof prevention is worth a pound of cure, you will un- disinfect-\\nderstand that a few cents spent for disinfectants may ants,\\nsave you a doctor s bill and possibly a funeral. And\\nif you use them at all, do it thoroughly. Unless dis-\\ninfection is well done it is worse than useless, for it\\nwill induce a false sense of security. If you fail, do\\nnot blame these principles, but your own lack of at-\\ntention to detail in carrying them out.\\n(|^*Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "132\\nCLEANLINESS.\\nCLEANLINESS.\\nLack of\\ncleanliness\\nin the house.\\nUntidiness a\\ndrawback to\\nthe sick.\\nA house may be filthy even where there is not a\\npile of dirt anywhere to be seen. Carpets filled with\\ndust and saturated with grease, uncleansed furniture,\\nold papered walls of years standing, are just as much\\nsources of impurity to the air as a refuse heap in the\\ncellar. They defile the atmosphere quite as much,\\nand more or less tend to encourage disease. Sweep-\\ning with a broom certainly can remove much dirt from\\na floor, but what it does not sweep out it scatters\\nthrough the air, making little true improvement. After\\nthe dust settles/ the room is usually dusted, which\\npractically means whipping the dust from one piece\\nof furniture to another with a bunch of feathers.\\nIt really seems that the dust had better be left alone,\\nunless it can be removed altogether, and the only way\\nto do this is to wipe everything with a damp cloth.\\nThe floor of a sick room should really be without a\\ncarpet, or if there is one, it should be well beaten\\nbefore the patient goes into the room, and again well\\nbeaten and aired as soon as the person is done with it.\\nFew people no matter who they may be have any\\nidea of the exquisite cleanliness required in the sick-\\nroom. The smoky chimney, the dusty furniture, the\\nutensils emptied but once a day, even in the best\\nhouses, keep the air of the sick-room constantly dirty.\\nWhat a person in health may put up with for a\\nnight only, may prove a source of suffering, postpone-\\nment of recovery, or even the hastening of a fatal\\nend, to the sick person who is confined there, perhaps\\nin one posture for twenty-four hours.\\nNone but those who have been sick, and know from\\npersonal experience, can tell how much delicious com-\\n($^~Insure iu Thk Mutual I.tfb Insurance Co. op Nkw York,)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "CLEANLINESS. 183\\nfort may be secured by the careful washing and proper\\ndrying of the skin. It is not the mere feeling of com- r\\nfort which has been obtained, but an absolute relief of the sick\\nthe vital powers by the removal of something which from bath-\\nwas oppressing them. Cleanliness of skin and ventila- ing.\\ntion have much the same end in view the removal of\\nnoxious materials from the system as rapidly as\\npossible.\\nThe various methods of washing the sick cannot be\\ngiven here for want of space besides this, the physi-\\ncian is always ready to give any advice which may be\\nneeded. Care should be taken, in all these operations Do not chi11\\nof sponging, washing and cleansing the skin, not to s\\nexpose too great a surface of the body at once, as this\\nmight check the perspiration and retard the re-\\ncovery from disease or renew the trouble in some\\nother form.\\nIn several varieties of diarrhoea, dysentery, etc.,\\nwhen the skin is hard and harsh, the relief to the\\nsick person from washing with water and an\\nabundance of soap is almost beyond calculation.\\nIn other cases, sponging with tepid water and soap\\nwill be ordered, then with tepid water alone, followed\\nby proper drying of the skin with a soft warm towel. anous\\n1 1 ways of\\nbometimes when water alone is to be used, a little batn i n g\\nvinegar added to it makes the sponging more refresh- an invalid,\\ning. Of course, no one would think of using vinegar\\nat the same time that soap is used. Bay rum or\\ncologne is very acceptable, also, to the face, neck and\\nhands of sick people, when used after sponging or\\nbathing. If not convenient to use this, some common\\nspirits diluted with water may be substituted.\\nIn this connection, it may be well to remark that\\nspecial care should be observed in the use of water for\\n(CJTInsure ja Tub Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yo ;k.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "Do not have\\n134 CLEANLINESS.\\nbathing persons suffering with debility, the result of\\nsickness or of age. In such persons, it is often seen\\nthat a bath which could be used with benefit in robust\\nhealth, or at a younger age, is followed by palpitation\\nof the heart, slackened pulse, more or less vertigo,\\nshivering, and other feelings of discomfort, which\\nlast some time after its use. In ordinary cases,\\nthe water mav e accepted as a good rule that when-\\ntoo cold. ever a bath, hot, tepid, or cold, is followed by\\na sense of oppression or inconvenience of any kind,\\nit has not done good, and it may be well to suspect it\\nhaving done harm. The amount of heat required to\\nvaporize moisture is much larger than is popularly\\nsupposed, and if the person, aged or sick, or both, has\\nnot that surplus of heat to spare for the special pur-\\npose, over and beyond what he is likely to need for\\nthe ordinary purposes of the body, more or less disas-\\ntrous results are invited from the reckless expenditure.\\nEven healthy persons, accustomed to a morning bath\\nof cold water, sometimes feel an instinctive repug-\\nnace to it, and on such occasions this should not be\\ndisregarded, but some other form of bathing used. A\\nsponge bath or a warm bath in a well-heated room will\\nanswer better, followed by drying with a warm soft\\ntowel.\\nBy age, the writer does not mean the number of\\ntechnical years the person has lived, but refers rather\\nto the effect which the work he has done has had\\nupon the constitution, as it is called.\\nLIGHT,\\nA dark house, wherever found, is always an un-\\nhealthy one as well. Want of light discourages\\n(J3T Insure 5a The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "LIGHT. 135\\ngrowth, promotes scrofula, encourages consump-\\ntion, and, in fact, everything else which is bad. It T _.,.\u00e2\u0080\u009e_\\nJ Importance\\nis the unqualified experience of all who have had op- f light,\\nportunities of judging, that light is second only in im-\\nportance to fresh air; and the next worse thing after\\na close room is a dark one. Many suppose that it\\nis upon the spirits only that sunlight acts, and not\\nupon the body. The reverse is the case. It does the\\nbody good, and the brighter spirits show it.\\nIf possible, the sick-chamber should be the sunniest\\nroom of the house, and if the bed can be so placed that\\nthe person lying on it can see a good piece of the blue\\nsky, so much the better will it be. If the patient can\\nsee out of two windows instead of one, he will be twice\\nas well off. It is found in all hospitals that rooms\\nfacing the sun have fewer deaths, all other things con- Great value\\nsidered, than such as are upon the shady side of the f sunshine\\nhouse and where statistics have been kept for a period\\nof years, it is found that the average time for recovery\\nis less upon the sunny side than upon the shady side\\nof the building. Not only do fewer patients die, per-\\nhaps, in the southerly exposed sides of hospitals, and\\nsick people get well there faster than those on the\\nnorthern exposure, but it has been shown recently that\\nin asylums, prisons, etc., more of the inmates become\\nill who are compelled to dwell on the shady side of\\nthe building than of those who live on the sunny side.\\nThe first time the reader of this passes through the\\nward of a hospital, let him observe how almost all the\\npatients lie with their faces turned toward the light.\\nAsk one of them why he does so, and he will scarcely\\nbe able to give you an answer but you see he does\\nit. The reason is deeper down than his understanding.\\nIt is his nature to do so, just as it is the nature of\\n{$~3* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. or Net York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "136\\nREST.\\nEffect of\\nnoise on an\\ninvalid.\\nDo not\\nwaken a\\nsleeping\\npatient.\\nplants to always make their way toward the light, and\\ntheir leaves or flowers to incline toward the sun.\\nWhile you are looking at the faces turned toward the\\nsunlight, count how many sick you see lying with\\ntheir faces toward the wall. Among a hundred patients\\nnot more than half a score will be seen avoiding the\\nlight.\\nREST.\\nThe loudness of a noise often does not hurt a\\npatient. The putting up of a scaffold nearby,\\nperhaps, will not trouble him he knows what\\nthat is; while whispering or talking may annoy him\\nbeyond endurance. To some, however, any kind of\\nnoise is disturbing. A sharp and sudden noise, which\\nis not steady, usually gives more distress than other\\nkinds. Anything which suddenly awakens a patient\\nout of his sleep will throw him into greater excitement,\\nand consequently do him more harm than any con-\\ntinuous sound, however loud it may be.\\nWhen a patient sleeps never under any circum-\\nstances let him be awakened, unless you have the sanc-\\ntion of the physician. A sick person who has been\\nasleep but a little while, and is then awakened, can\\nvery seldom go to sleep again while, had he slept\\na few hours, and then been aroused, he might have\\nfallen asleep again in a few minutes with little effort.\\nThe reason is something like this In a sick person\\nthe brain, as a usual thing, is weakened and debilitated\\nlike the other parts of the body and needs strength-\\nening. It gets this by sleep, which is rest. If rest is\\ninterrupted a few minutes after it begins, the brain is\\nweakened so much more, and tends the less to sleep.\\nThe brain, therefore, not only loses the good of the\\n(63?*Insure in The Mutual Life Insubance Co, op New Yobx.)]", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "REST\u00e2\u0080\u0094 NURSES. 137\\nlittle sleep it has had, but also its ability to sleep, be-\\ncoming what physicians call irritable. If a patient\\nsleeps for a time, the brain becomes so much the\\nstronger, and can the more readily rest the next time.\\nNo noise which excites a patient s expectation\\nshould be made in his room. Hence, no one should Do not\\never speak in low tones near the bed of the patient, whisper\\nor hold a conversation in a room or passage where before a\\nthe sick person can occasionally overhear a word. P atient\\nThis is absolutely cruel.\\nAnother thing is frequently done by a thoughtless\\nnurse. When she wishes to make some special in-\\nquiry of the physician in regard to the condition of\\nthe patient, she usually remains in the room until the\\nphysician is ready to leave it and then states, with an\\nair of conscious importance, that she has something\\nparticular to ask him about the patient.\\nNURSES.\\nAmateur\\nThe tact and qualities needed in the sick-room are\\nnot alwavs the result of experience, nor do amateur\\nr nursing\\nnurses always possess them. Now and then a lady is usually\\nborn to them, and the physician to that house re- failure,\\njoices exceedingly; for his own credit, as well as the\\nrecovery of the patient, is probably assured. He sel-\\ndom, however, has this good fortune, because geniuses\\nare not common. Many nurses cannot observe, and\\nthey will not think. The fire is alternately half ex-\\ntinct, and blazing up the chimney. It is not warm at\\nsunrise and sunset, and moderate at midday, when\\nthe sun shines warmly. No care is taken to continue\\na priceless sleep, by keeping the cinders from falling\\non the unprotected fender or to gently restore the\\n|t^ Insure In The Mutual Lips Insukance Co. op New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "188\\nNURSES.\\nAffection not\\na substitute\\nfor experi-\\nence.\\nTact of a\\ntrained\\nnurse.\\nfire by quietly putting on lumps of coal, previously\\nwrapped in pieces of damp paper, ready for noiseless\\nuse. The desired morning meal is brought in after\\nthe patient has passed from appetite to faintness.\\nMore than likely the tea is smoked. It is painful to see\\na patient in the hands of such a careless nurse, how-\\never.\\nAffection only, however warm, will not qualify a\\nsick-nurse for her position. The cool head and steady\\nhand of a professional stranger is often to be pre-\\nferred. Many a life has been sacrificed by ignorance,\\nstupidity or anxiety of the affectionate nurse who un-\\ndoubtedly would have gladly died to save the patient.\\nA good nurse should have keen perceptions and\\nthe nice ways of a lady, and at the same time she\\nshould not be above supplying all the patient s needs.\\nShe should never talk of the dying agonies of her last\\ncase, or relate any of her previous cases whatever they\\nmight have been. She should be able to judge when\\nthe patient must be kept quiet and when he may see\\na friend. Such a person, without giving offense, must\\nassume the responsibility of forbidding the discus-\\nsion of worrying, household troubles in the sick-\\nroom, or even getting rid of a visitor who stayed\\ntoo long especially of that class of persons who seem\\nunwilling to lose a single opportunity of displaying\\nbad taste and insensibility by telling the patient\\nhow some one else with the same symptoms had re-\\ncently died in extreme convulsions. The lugubrious\\ncountenance assumed by such a visitor to har-\\nmonize with her conceptions of importance, usually\\nconfirms the fears of the sick person to a re-\\nmarkable degree, and the nurse has increased labor\\nin quieting the apprehensions thus cruelly excited.\\n(S3P Insure Jn The Mutual Life Insurance Co. o? New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "NURSES. 139\\nConversations upon any subject should never be held\\njust outside the chamber door, where a word now and\\nthen can be overheard by those in the room; and, as\\nintimated, what is overheard, with what is suspected, by\\nthe poor patient, is frequently the beginning of the\\nworst. Remember always that a cheerful face doeth\\ngood like a medicine.\\nNever, under any circumstances, ask within hearing\\nwhether the physician does not think the patient worse, h h\\nor ask the physician his opinion as to the result of the a t ut the\\ndisease. Indeed, no question or reply calculated in patient in\\nany way to suggest an unfavorable issue, should, under nis presence.\\nany pretext, be indulged in before the patient. There\\nis a good deal of human nature even in sick people.\\nA trained nurse commences her arrangements for\\nMake all\\nthe night before the patient begins to grow sleepy.\\nShe knows that arranging the pillows, moving the me nts for\\nchairs, stirring the fire, and making up her own bed the night\\ndisturb the rest of the sick person. Sometimes an earl y-\\namateur does not think of this, and is surprised because\\nthe patient lies awake all night. A good nurse will\\nalso see in advance that nothing from down-stairs,\\nlikely to be needed before morning, has been omitted.\\nIt is the experience of most nurses that, when a\\n1 1 1 1- Do not read\\nperson is too sick to read, he is too sick to listen to much to a\\nthe reading of any one else. If you do read, let it be patient.\\ndone slowly, distinctly and steadily. Sick people\\nalmost always prefer having a thing told to having it\\nread to them.\\nThe eyes of the convalescent and debilitated are\\neasily injured by use. The greatest care should be Do not let a\\ntaken, therefore, to use them as little as possible be- P atlent read\\nfore recovery. Quite aside from the patient s strength, muc\\nthe usual absence of the necessary amount of light for\\n(f^ Insure in The Mutoal Life Insurance Co o? Kew Yokk", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "140\\nNURSES.\\nMake some\\nvariety in\\nthe sick\\nroom.\\nPlants and\\nflowers may\\nbe allowed.\\nreading purposes makes reading in a sick-room al-\\nmost as dangerous to the sight as the use of print in\\nthe growing twilight well known to be peculiarly\\ndestructive to the vision.\\nNo one but an old nurse, or a person who has been\\nill for a long time, can possibly know what a weary,\\ndreary thing it is to be confined to the same room for\\na great while, and see no change in anything about it.\\nIt will be found that the majority of cheerful patients\\nare those who are not confined to a single room, and\\nthe majority of depressed cases will be seen among\\nthose subjected to a long monotony of objects sur-\\nrounding them. The nervous system really appears\\nto suffer as much from want of change as the digestive\\norgans would from continuance upon a single diet\\ni. e., the soldier from his three years or during the\\nwar, of boiled beef. Unless a person has been\\nsick, and has learned from personal experience,\\nhe can scarcely realize what a pleasant thing\\nit is to see beautiful objects and brilliant colors\\nwhile recovering from illness. Such cravings are\\ntermed fancies by some; but no matter what\\nthey are called, these indications are always valuable\\nand should never be disregarded. The senses of sight\\nand hearing require natural and innocent gratification\\nas much as the stomach demands appropriate food. It\\nis a helpful satisfaction to indulge them, and it should\\nbe done. If the indulgence makes the sick person get\\nwell the faster, a wise nurse will observe these\\nfancies, and make them assist convalescence.\\nIt is a popular prejudice that plants and flowers\\nshould not be tolerated in the chamber, because they\\ngive off carbonic acid gas, which is poisonous. So\\nthey do give off this gas, and the gas is poisonous;\\nflgy InBure in The Mutual Life Insubance Co. op New Yoke.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "NURSES. 141\\nbut the quantity of carbonic acid gas given off from\\nhalf a dozen bunches of flowers in half a dozen nights\\nwould scarcely equal the amount of the same gas given\\noff from a couple of bottles of mineral water. The\\nodor of certain flowers, as lilies, hyacinths, etc.,\\nis unpleasant to some people, and whenever such is\\nthe case, the objectionable ones should, of course, be\\navoided in the selection. A judicious variety in the\\ncolors should always be sought, and it may be well to\\nremember that scarlet is rather stimulating in its ef-\\nfects, while blue is rather soothing.\\nIn convalescence, even more than in illness, the\\nattentions of an inexperienced nurse are often trying\\nto an invalid. If he has been well nursed, he may still covales\\nbe amenable to the discipline of the sick-room, and cence.\\nwill probably do what he is bid. If he has not learned\\nto do as told without question, he has still many things\\nto learn before he gets well. At first, perhaps, he\\nwill be allowed to sit up hours, when minutes was the\\nphysician s orders. He is able to persuade the nurse\\nto give him a tumblerful w r hen a wineglass was al-\\nlowed. He is allowed to see a newspaper for a few\\nminutes, and he reads an exciting novel. He is per-\\nmitted to see a visitor, and has a roomful of company.\\nHe leaves the house for the first walk, muffled up, and\\nis allowed to sit on a cold garden seat. Upon. return-\\ning home exhausted, there is no nourishment ready for\\nhim, and probably the warmed clothing is taken off\\nto put on his cold house suit.\\nFOOD.\\nA little food at a time and often repeated, is the\\ngeneral rule for sick people. Frequently, where a\\n(jgrlnsure in Thb Mutual Lips Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "142\\nFOOD.\\nA little food\\nat a time.\\nA little food\\nearly in the\\nmorning.\\nDangers of\\nalcoholics,\\nphysician orders beef-tea, or something of the kind, a\\nnurse will try to give a cupful every three or four\\nhours. More than likely the patient s stomach rejects\\nit, whereas, had a tablespoonful been given every half\\nhour or so, it would have been retained, digested and\\nhave done the patient the intended good.\\nThe majority of weak patients are unable to take\\nfood of any solid kind before eleven o clock in the\\nmorning, and before that time comes around they are\\nsure to be pretty well exhausted. This would not be\\nso apt to occur if a spoonful of beef-tea, of wine and\\narrow-root, of whisky-punch, or of whatever stimu-\\nlant has been ordered by the physician, could be given\\nthem every hour or two, from the early morn until\\nthen. Perhaps by noon, or even sooner, they might be\\nable to eat food as substantial as a mutton-chop or a\\npiece of nicely broiled beefsteak. If food as solid as\\nthese cannot be taken, of course the nurse will perse-\\nvere in the use of beef-tea, prepared milk, or whatever\\nelse the physician has ordered.\\nIn this connection, it mav be well to make a few\\nremarks about the use of brandy, whisky and other\\nstimulants for the sick. They are always easily obtain-\\nable, and therefore, oftenest used. But where there is\\nany hereditary tendency to the use of such things,\\nwhere the individual has ever shown a disposition to\\nuse them as a beverage, or where the associations\\nof the person in the future may peculiarly expose him\\nto solicitation, none of these stimulants, under any\\nconsideration, should ever be ordered, unless there is\\nabsolutely no alternative. This is said, because in\\nmany instances substitutes can easily be found by the\\nphysician.\\n(jt3p*Insure in Thk Mutual Life Insubanok Co, of Nbw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "FOOD. 143\\nThe susceptibility of the very young to all forms\\nof alcoholic stimulants must also be remembered. Suscepti-\\nWhere we would give a tablespoonful of whisky or bility of the\\nbrandy every three or four hours to an adult a child young to\\nof two would get ten drops every hour or two, a alcoholics,\\nchild of five a teaspoonful every two or three hours.\\nIf we are not careful, we are very apt to overstimulate\\na child.\\nNever leave the patient s food untasted by his side\\nfrom meal to meal, in the hope that he will eat it.\\nHe never does eat it, and you only add disgust to a pat i ent s\\nhis distaste, by leaving it in sight. Let the food be f 00 d by his\\nbrought at the right time, and if it is not eaten, be side\\nsure to take it away in a little while. untasted.\\nA sick person s plate should never be overloaded\\nwith food, nor should he ever see or smell the food Do not\\nprepared for others. While eating, the patient should overload the\\nbe left alone as much as possible. p ate#\\nWhatever is prepared for the sick must always be\\nof the first quality, and cooked with the greatest care. The best of\\nRemember that sick-cookery should at least do half food and\\nthe work of the patient s weak digestion.\\nAlways keep your patient s cup and saucer per-\\nfectly dry, so that no drops of liquid will fall on the Kee P the CU P\\nsheets, pillow or dress. As a rule, nurses have no idea and saucer\\nwhat a difference this minute want of care makes\\nto the comfort and even willingness of the sick to take\\nfood.\\nFlorence Nightingale says on this subject that one\\nof the most common errors among women in charge Be f\\nof the sick, respecting sick diet, is the belief that beef- f uttle\\ntea is the most nutritive of all articles. Now just try, value,\\nshe says, and boil down a pound of beef into beef-tea,\\nevaporate the water, and see what is left of your beef.\\n(tp Insure in Thb Mutual Lifb Insurance Co. of Nsw York.;", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "144\\nFOOD.\\nDo not\\noverrate the\\nvalue of\\neggs.\\nMeat alone\\nmay produce\\nscurvy.\\nAnimals\\nrequire\\nalbumin\\nYou will find that there is barely a teaspoonful of\\nsolid nourishment to half a pint of water in beef-tea.\\nThere is, nevertheless, a certain nutritive value in\\nit, as there is in tea. It may safely be given in almost\\nany inflammatory disease, but it should never be alone\\ndepended upon, especially where much nourishment\\nis needed.\\nAgain, it is an ever-ready saying that an egg is\\nequivalent to a pound of meat, whereas it is not so at\\nall. Much trouble has occurred from this mistaken\\nnotion. It is a question whether, weight for weight,\\neggs are equal to beefsteak. Also, it is seldom noticed\\nwith how many patients, particularly those of nervous\\nor bilious temperament, eggs disagree. Most pud-\\ndings made with eggs are distasteful to them in con-\\nsequence. An egg, whipped up with wine, is often the\\nonly form in which they can take this kind of nourish-\\nment.\\nAgain, if the patient is able to eat meat, it is sup-\\nposed that to give him meat is the only thing needful\\nfor his recovery whereas scorbutic (scurvy) sores have\\nbeen known to appear among sick persons living\\nin the midst of plenty, which could be traced to no\\nother source than this namely, that the nurse, de-\\npending on meat alone, had allowed the patient to be\\nwithout vegetables for a considerable time, these latter\\nbeing so badly cooked that he always left them un-\\ntouched. To all intents and purposes, he really had no\\nfresh vegetables at all.\\nAnimals require in their food an albuminous con-\\nstituent, a starchy one, and another of fat. The first,\\nor albuminous (the purest form of which is the white\\nof an egg), enters largely into the formation of the\\nhuman body, the muscles being chiefly composed of it.\\n(!Gg~Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "FOOD.\\n145\\nThe second, or starchy component, does not enter\\ninto the structure of the body as such, but is converted starch\\ninto sugar during digestion, and has much to do with\\nthe formation of the tissues and heat.\\nThe oily parts enter largely into the composition of\\nthe brain, nerves, and, in fact, all other portions of the\\nbody, and, when broken up and consumed, supply a at\\ngood portion of the fuel for heat of the body.\\nBesides these three mentioned, which are most con-\\nspicuous, there are other substances, as common salt,\\nphosphates, iron, etc. These are supplied through and salts,\\nfood, but our space will not permit more than a mere\\nreference. All food must contain these substances in\\nproportionate quantities. If it does not, the appetite\\ncraves the one missing, and if not properly supplied,\\nthe part of the body which needs the deficient com-\\nponent suffers.\\nTo feel assured of this, if the reader thinks a mo-\\nment, he will remember that no one likes bread alone, All should\\nbut wants with it some butter, which supplies the oily be P resent\\npart, and the appetite craves, too, a piece of meat,\\ncheese, or an egg the albuminous part. We want\\nbutter with our rice or potatoes, because rice or potato\\nis almost pure starch, and wanting in fatty matter so\\nnature says we must add the wanting parts.\\nAs all food which properly sustains man must con-\\ntain these principles, it will be readily seen that those Life cannot\\nvegetable substances which are composed of but one be sustained\\nof them, or even two, cannot alone support life. Ex-\\nm rir even two.\\nperience confirms this view. Oils or fat are useful as\\noils or fat, but cannot supply the place of starch or\\nsugar; nor can starch or sugar supply the place of\\nalbumen or flesh.\\nInsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co, o\u00c2\u00bb New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "146\\nFOOD.\\nGreat value\\nof milk.\\nValue of\\nflour and\\ncereals.\\nValue of\\nstarches.\\nTo obtain all these needful constituents, we must\\nseek a variety in our food, and not depend exclusively\\nupon any single one for continued use. There are\\nsome apparent exceptions to this rule, as in the case\\nof milk, which we know is capable, under certain cir-\\ncumstances, of sustaining life for a length of time but\\nwhen we examine into the matter the exception is only\\napparent, for milk contains all of the constituents\\nnecessary for perfect food. It has the starchy part ad-\\nvanced a step into the shape of sugar, the albuminous\\npart as the cheesy constituent, and the fatty as the\\ncreamy element. Hence milk can be taken as a sort\\nof representative diet, and one better adapted to sus-\\ntain the body in health, or to strengthen it in sickness,\\nthan any single article of food.\\nFlour made from wheat, meal from oats or Indian\\ncorn, grits, etc., come next in order, perhaps, and stand\\nat the head of the list of all articles of food grown for\\ngeneral consumption. Food of the above description\\nis made up chiefly of starch, some albumen (under the\\nform of gluten), and a certain amount of oil. Flence,\\nbread made of flour may well be called the staff of\\nlife, because, from containing these elements, it is\\ncapable of supporting life by itself, for a longer time\\nthan any other single article of food, excepting milk,\\nas mentioned above. But, though containing these\\nessential elements of life, yet flour, without the addi-\\ntion of albuminous or oily matter, to a certain degree,\\ncannot long properly sustain the human body.\\nIf flour cannot nourish the body in a proper manner,\\nit will at once be seen that corn-starch, arrow-root,\\ntapioca, and the like which are nothing but pure\\nforms of starch, made by washing away the oily and\\nglutinous (albuminous) parts cannot possibly be ex-\\nInsure }q Ths Mutual Lifk Insubancb Co. op Njjw Tokk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "FOOD. 147\\npected, when used alone, to afford more than a limited\\namount of nourishment; not, of course, as much as\\nfood prepared from flour, which has in it the deficient\\narticles. Not only is flour more nutritive than arrow-\\nroot, or any preparation of starch, but it is less liable\\nto ferment, and, as a rule, it should be preferred when-\\never it can be used.\\nDo not misunderstand what is meant. None of\\nthese articles, compared with flour, are spoken of as\\nuseless to the body but some preparations for the sick\\nmust be more useful than others, because they contain\\nmore of the elements of usefulness in the shape of\\nalbumen, starch, oil, etc.\\nBut if fresh milk is so valuable a food for the sick,\\nthe least sourness in it makes it, of all articles, per-\\nMilk should\\nhaps, the most injurious. Diarrhoea is a common\\nbe very\\nresult of fresh milk allowed to become at all sour. The f res h.\\nnurse, therefore, ought to exercise the utmost care in\\nthis particular. Yet if you consider that the only drop\\nof real nourishment in your patient s tea is the drop\\nof milk, and how much all patients depend upon their\\ntea, you will see the great importance of not depriving\\nyour patient of this milk.\\nThe desire shown by the sick, and especially by\\nthose who are getting well, for acid fruits, as oranges, Acid fruits\\nbaked apples, cranberries, lemons, etc., should never are often\\nbe disregarded. The important use the acids of fruits S rateful\\nplay in the body is a long story so we can only insist\\nupon the importance of regarding these cravings\\nwherever found. Sometimes the physician has good\\nreasons for not wishing them given, as the acid may\\nneutralize or decompose some remedial agent em-\\nployed, but as a rule these fruits, properly prepared,\\nmay not only be given v/ithout injury, but with de-\\n(g3F* Insure ia Ths Mutual Lih Insurance Co. op New Yoek.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "148\\nFOOD.\\nJelly con-\\ntains almost\\nno nourish-\\nment.\\nHow to make\\nbeef-tea.\\ncided benefit. So, whenever a sick person has a crav-\\ning for such things, be sure to call the physician s\\nattention to it, and ask if you can give them.\\nCalves-foot jelly is another article of diet in great\\nfavor with nurses and friends of the sick. Even if it\\ncould be eaten solid, it would not nourish. It is simply\\nthe height of folly to take one-eighth ounce of gela-\\ntine and make it into a certain bulk by dissolving it in\\nwater, and then to give it to the sick, as if the mere\\nbulk represented nourishment. It is not generally\\nknown that jelly does not nourish, that it has a ten-\\ndency to produce diarrhoea, and to trust to it to repair\\nthe waste of a diseased constitution is simply to starve\\nthe sick under the guise of feeding them. If one\\nhundred spoonfuls of jelly were given in the course\\nof the day, you would have given one spoonful of\\ngelatine, which spoonful has scarcely any nutritive\\npower whatever.\\nDr. Christison says that every one will be struck\\nwith the readiness with which certain classes of pa-\\ntients will often take diluted meat-juice or beef-tea re-\\npeatedly, when they refuse all other kinds of food.\\nBut beef-tea as ordinarily made is really only a stim-\\nulant, very much like coffee. To make a beef-tea that\\ncontains considerable nutriment, as well as stimulant,\\ncut a thick piece of good, juicy steak into lumps about\\nthe size of a small lemon. Broil each piece slightly\\nand then squeeze it thoroughly in an ordinary lemon-\\nsqueezer, or, better still, in one of the small meat-\\npresses that are made nowadays for this purpose. You\\nwill not get a great deal of juice, but it is a fair nutri-\\nment for the sick. It can be served hot or cold, with\\nsalt and pepper to suit.\\n(JSP Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "FOOD. 149\\nA great deal too much is said against tea* by wise\\npeople, and a great deal too much tea is given to V alue of\\nthe sick by foolish people. When, however, you see t ea and\\nthe natural and almost universal craving in the sick coffee,\\nfor their tea, you cannot but feel that nature knows\\nwhat she is about.\\nBut a little tea or coffee restores them quite as much\\nas a great deal and a great deal of tea or coffee But do not\\nimpairs the little power of digestion they have. Yet give too\\na nurse, because she sees how one or two cups of much\\ntea or coffee restores her patient, often thinks that\\nthree or four cups will do twice as much. This\\nis not the case at all it is, however, certain that there\\nis nothing yet discovered which is a substitute to the\\npatient for his cup of tea he can take it when he can\\ntake nothing else, and he often can take nothing else,\\nPersons about to incur great exhaustion, either from the\\nnature of the service, or from their being not in a state fit for\\nit, are frequently advised to eat a piece of bread. I wish the\\nrecommenders would themselves try the experiment of sub-\\nstituting a piece of bread for a cup of tea or coffee, or beef-tea,\\nas a refresher. They would find it a very poor comfort. When\\nsoldiers have set out fasting on a fatiguing duty, when nurses\\nhave to go fasting in to their patients, it is a hot restorative\\nthey want, and ought to have before they go, and not a cold bit\\nof bread. If they can take a bit of bread with the cup of hot\\ntea, so much the better, but not instead of it. The fact that\\nthere is more nourishment in bread than in almost anything\\nelse has probably induced the mistake. That it is a fatal mis-\\ntake there is no doubt. It seems, though very little is known\\non the subject, that what assimilates itself directly, and with\\nthe least trouble of digestion, with the human body, is the best\\nunder the above circumstances. Bread requires two or three\\nprocesses of assimilation before it becomes like the human\\nbody. The almost universal testimony of men and women who\\nhave undergone great fatigue, such as riding long journeys\\nwithout stopping, or sitting up several nights in succession, is\\nthat they could do it best upon an occasional cup of tea\\nand nothing else.\\nLet experience, not theory, decide upon this as other\\nthings.\\n(J^Tlnsnre in The Mcttal Life Inscran-ck Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "150 FOOD\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BEDDING.\\nif he has not it. It would be very desirable to have the\\ndetractors of tea point out what to give to a patient\\nafter a sleepless night, instead of tea.\\nIf you give it at five or six in the morning, the\\npatient may even sometimes fall asleep after it, and\\nWhen to give et P erna P s his only two or three hours sleep during\\ntea or coffee. tne twenty-four. At the same time, you never should\\ngive tea or coffee to the sick, as a rule, after five\\no clock in the afternoon. Sleeplessness in the early\\nnight is usually due to excitement, and is increased by\\ntea or coffee sleeplessness which continues to the\\nearly morning is often from exhaustion, and is relieved\\nby tea.\\nBEDDING.\\nIn looking for an example of what not to do, we may\\ntake the specimen of an ordinary bed in a private\\nhouse a wooden bedstead, two or even three mat-\\ntresses piled up above the height of a table, with a\\nvalance attached to the frame. Nothing but a miracle\\ncould ever thoroughly dry or air such a bed and bed-\\nding. The patient must certainly alternate between\\ncold damp after his bed is made, and warm damp be-\\nfore, both saturated with organic matter,* and this\\nfrom the time the mattresses are put under him until\\nthe time they are picked to pieces, if this is ever done.\\nConsider that an adult in health exhales by the\\nFor the same reason, after washing a patient, if you must\\nput the same night-dress on him again, always give it a prelim-\\ninary warming at the fire. The night-gown he has worn must\\nbe, to some extent, d mp. It has now become cold from\\nhaving been off him for a few minutes. The fire will dry and\\nat the same time air it. This procedure is much more im-\\nportant than with clean things.\\n(J^* Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. OP New York.}", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "BEDDING. 151\\nlungs and skin, in the twenty-four hours, one or two\\npints of moisture, loaded with organic matter ready sheets\\nto enter into putrefaction that the quantity in sick- should be\\nness is often greatly increased, the quality is always cnan ed\\nmore noxious and ask yourself where does all this aiyor 1 _ 1\\nJ thoroughly\\nmoisture go? Chiefly into the bedding, because it a i re d.\\ncannot go anywhere else. It stays there, because, with\\nthe exception of a weekly change of sheets, scarcely\\nany other airing is attempted. A nurse will be careful\\nto fidgetness about airing the clean sheets, because\\nof their dampness, but airing the used sheets because\\nof noxious damp will never occur to her. Besides this,\\nvery dangerous effluvia we know arise from the\\nexcreta of the sick. These are placed, at least tem-\\nporarily, where they must throw their effluvia into the\\nunder side of the bed, and the space under the bed is\\nnever aired it cannot be with our arrangements. Must\\nnot such a bed be always saturated, and be always the\\nmeans of introducing again into the body of the un-\\nfortunate patient who lies in it that poisonous matter\\nwhich nature is trying to get out of the system?\\nIf a bed is higher than a sofa, the patient often\\nprefers not to get out at all, rather than undergo the Bed s hould\\nfatigue of getting out. Were the bed a low one, he be low and\\nmight often feel like taking a few minutes exercise near lhe\\nevery day in another room, or even in the open air. wlndow\\nIt is very odd that people never think of this, or of\\nhow many more times a patient who is in bed for\\ntwenty-four hours is obliged to get in and out of bed,\\nthan are those who only get into bed and out of bed\\nonce during the twenty-four hours.\\nA patient s bed should always be in the lightest\\nspot in the room and he should be able to see out of\\na window.\\n(J2?~ Insure in Thk Mutual Li?s Ixsuranck Co. of New York. .-v:\\n*\u00c2\u00a3si?fiP", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "152\\nBEDDING.\\nCoverings\\nshould be\\nlight.\\nHow to\\narrange\\npillows.\\nIt is scarcely necessary to say that the old four-post\\nbed with curtains is utterly inadmissible. Hospital\\nbedsteads are in many respects very much better than\\nprivate ones.\\nNever use anything but light blankets as bed-cover-\\ning for the sick. The heavy cotton impervious coun-\\nterpane is bad, for the very reason that it keeps in\\nthe emanations from the sick person, while the blanket\\nallows them to pass through. Weak patients are in-\\nvariably distressed by a great weight of bed-clothes,\\nwhich may prevent their getting any sound sleep\\nwhatever.\\nOne word about pillows. Every weak patient, be\\nhis illness what it mav, suffers more or less from diffi-\\nculty in breathing. To take the weight off the poor\\nchest, which at best is hardly up to its work, ought\\ntherefore to be the object of the nurse in arranging\\nhis pillows. Now, what does she usually do, and what\\nare the consequences? She piles the pillows one\\nupon the other like a wall of bricks the head is thrown\\nupon the chest, and the shoulders are pushed forward,\\nso as not to allow the lungs room to expand. The\\npillows, in fact, lean upon the patient, not the patient\\nupon the pillows. It is impossible to give a rule\\nfor the arrangement of pillows, because it must\\nvary with the figure of the patient. Tall patients\\nsuffer much more than short ones, because of the\\ndrag of the long limbs upon the waist. But the ob-\\nject is to support, with pillows, the back below the\\nbreathing apparatus, and above the hips so as to\\nallow the shoulders room to fall back, and to support\\nthe head, without throwing it forward. The suffering\\nof exhausted patients is greatly increased by neglect\\nof these points. And many an invalid, too weak to\\nInsure in Thk Mutual Lifb Insurance Co. op New Yokk,)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "DRAINAGE. 153\\ndrag about his pillows himself, slips his book or\\nanything at hand behind the lower part of his back to\\nsupport it.\\nDRAINAGE.\\nThis should be constructed so as to keep out of the\\nair of the house any admixture of sewer-gas,but it often\\nfails entirely, owing to incorrect or defective plumb-\\ning. The danger is not so much from the sewer-gas\\nitself as it is from the germs of disease which may be\\npresent. These are not volatile, but are sprayed up\\ninto the air of the sewer by the breaking of bubbles on\\nthe surface. Their weight is so light that they are\\ncarried about by the air-currents. In order to pre-\\nvent disease from this source, the house must be prop-\\nerly plumbed. To do this, the soil-pipe should open\\non the roof, and every trap should be back-aired. The\\ndiagram on the following page shows these points.\\nBesides the conditions enumerated which are ab-\\nsolutely essential, there are some others which it is\\nwell to bear in mind. The soil-pipe should be of iron\\nand 4 inches in diameter. After it changes from the\\nperpendicular it should have a slope of I in 30, so as\\nto insure a current of at least 4J/2 feet per second.\\nThe traps should be the S-shaped siphon traps, pref-\\nerably without pans or hoppers, but flushing directly.\\nThe water-closets should not communicate directly\\nwith the house-tank, but with small waste-preventer\\ntanks, which are filled automatically from the house-\\ntank.\\nInsure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "154\\nDRAINAGE.\\nA is the sewer. ABCif the soil-pipe, opening on the roof\\nat C, and trapped at D. E F is the ventilating-pipe, communi-\\ncating with the soil-pipe just behind D. G J K H is the venti-\\nlating-pipe to the traps, opening on the roof at G and giving\\noff branches at J K and N to the traps of the fixtures L M O,\\nwhich branches are connected on the soil-pipe side of the traps\\nas indicated. P R is the leader from the roof, connected with\\nthe soil-pipe at B and trapped at R. The object of E F is to\\nhave a constant current of air blowing through the pipe. The\\nair in B C being within the house, becomes heated and escapes\\nthrough C, while fresh air enters through E F. The object of\\nG H and its branches J K N is to prevent siphoning of the\\ntraps by an action similar to that of a Sprengel air-pump.\\n(The engraver has made all the traps in the diagram too\\nshallow except at R. They should be so deep as to divide the\\nU-shaped column of water into two distinct limbs, connected\\nonly at the bottom.)\\nd^*Inaure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. of New Yoajc.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "DRAINAGE.\\n155\\nIt is impossible for sewer-gas to enter a house\\nplumbed in this way. But oftentimes many of these\\nprecautions are neglected, and the results are quite\\ngraphically shown in this diagram:\\n6ECTION\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2TREET 6EWER\\n|Qp Insure In Thk J ptijal Lips Ixscraxcb Co. o\u00c2\u00bb Kkw York.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "SECTION V.\\nREMEDIES.\\nNext in value to the prevention of disease or\\naccident is indemnity for the possible results of both.\\nThe Mutual Life Insurance Company of New\\nYork, by its policies provides such indemnity.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "REMEDIES. 159\\nREMEDIES.\\nIn this section we will discuss briefly the simple\\nremedies, both internal and external, which it is ad-\\nvisable to have in the house. Even in a city, where a\\ndrug store is always near, one will find it convenient\\nand comfortable to have something of a medicine-\\nchest. In the country it is almost an essential.\\nNowadays most medicines can be obtained in the\\nform of tablets, each containing a definite quantity of\\ndrug, and we strongly urge the use of these whenever\\npossible. The dosage is accurate, and the medicine\\nkeeps almost indefinitely without change or deteriora-\\ntion.\\nWhen liquids must be used, it is advisable to keep\\nthem in bottles with ground-glass stoppers. Most\\nliquids evaporate slowly through an ordinary cork,\\nand the result varies according to the nature of the\\npreparation. In some, such as aromatic spirits of am-\\nmonia, it becomes very weak, and even useless. In\\nothers, such as laudanum, it may become two or\\nthree times as strong. We can readily appreciate how\\nharmful an unknown change in either direction might\\nbe.\\nPowders should be kept in wide-mouthed bottles.\\nThey undergo changes less readily there than in boxes,\\neither of wood or pasteboard.\\nThere should always be a label on the bottle, even\\nif there is one on the stopper too. In that way con-\\nfusing mistakes can be avoided.\\nAll the medicines should be kept in one box or\\ncloset, which should be securely locked. The key to\\n(t Insure in Th\u00c2\u00bb Mutual Lifk Iksotuncb Co. op Kkw York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "160 INTERNAL REMEDIES.\\nthis should be put in some place where children can-\\nnot get it. In this way both destruction of property\\nand risk of life will be avoided.\\nWe will divide remedies into two groups, internal\\nand external, and will arrange them alphabetically in\\neach.\\nINTERNAL REMEDIES.\\nALCOHOL.\\nThis is of great value as a stimulant, and some form\\nof it should be kept on hand. The best varieties for\\nmedicinal purposes are brandy, whisky and cham-\\npagne, but in an emergency any kind of liquor or\\nwine may be used. Brandy and whisky contain about\\n50 per cent, of alcohol, port and sherry about 18 to\\n20, champagne about 15, red and white wines 8 to 12.\\nThe dose varies greatly according to the needs of\\nthe case. It should be borne in mind that children are\\nrather susceptible to alcohol. Where a tablespoon-\\nful of whisky would be used in the case of an adult,\\nwe would give under similar circumstances to a child\\nof two thirty drops to a child of six a teaspoonful.\\nAMMONIA.\\nThis is an excellent stimulant and antacid. It is\\nused in the form of aromatic spirits of ammonia. The\\ndose of this is thirty drops to a teaspoonful in half a\\nglass of water. It can be repeated as often as neces-\\nsary.\\nATROPINE.\\nThis is the active principle of belladonna, and is\\nused in the form of sulphate of atropine. It is of great\\n(B3T Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New York", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "INTERNAL REMEDIES. 161\\nvalue in poisoning by mushrooms or opium. It can be\\nobtained in tablets, and the dose is one one-hundredth\\nof a grain, equivalent to ten drops of the tincture of\\nbelladonna.\\nBELLADONNA.\\nSee Atropine, which is always to be used if we can\\nget it. If not, the tincture of belladonna can be given\\nin doses of ten drops. This can be obtained in tablet\\nform.\\nBISMUTH.\\nThis is used in the form of the subnitrate or sub-\\ncarbonate of bismuth. These are both white insoluble\\npowders, and may be used interchangeably. Either\\nof them is of great value in all forms of diarrhoea and\\ndysentery. It can be given quite freely, an even tea-\\nspoonful every two or three hours not being excessive.\\nIt is also used as a drying powder over wounds, and\\nhas the great merit of being absolutely non-poison-\\nous and bland.\\nBLACKBERRY BRANDY.\\nThis is used in diarrhoea and dysentery as a stimu-\\nlating astringent. The dose is a tablespoonfUl every\\ntwo or three hours.\\nBROMIDE.\\nThis is of great value in allaying nervousness and\\npromoting sleep, and also in strychnine poisoning.\\nEither the bromide of sodium or potassium can be\\nused, preferably the former. The dose is ten to twenty\\ngrains It can be obtained in tablet form, but we\\n(t3T Insure in Thb Mutual Life Insueancb Co. op New Yohx.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "162 INTERNAL REMEDIES.\\nshould be careful to dissolve the tablets before ad-\\nministering.\\nCALOMEL\\nThe value of this as a purgative is too well known\\nto be described here. Formerly it was given in too\\nlarge doses. Three or four half-grain tablets will\\nwork just as well as ten grains in powder.\\nCASTOR OIL.\\nThis is of great value as a preliminary purgative\\nin all forms of diarrhoea and dysentery. The dose is\\none or two tablespoonfuls. The disagreeable flavor\\ncan be largely overcome by rinsing the mouth out\\nthoroughly with a teaspoonful or two of raw brandy\\nor whisky, both before and after taking the oil.\\nIPECAC.\\nThis is a depressing emetic, and is of especial value\\nin croup. It is so slow in its action that we prefer\\nthe sulphate of zinc in a case of poisoning. The dose\\nof the powdered drug is fifteen grains, which can be\\nrepeated in twenty minutes. We generally give to\\nchildren a teaspoonful of the syrup every twenty min-\\nutes until vomiting is produced.\\nLIME WATER.\\nPut in a quart bottle a piece of freshly slacked lime\\nas big as an English walnut. Fill the bottle with\\nwater and shake thoroughly. Let it stand, and in\\ntwenty-four hours we will have as good lime-water\\nas can be made. It can be kept in the same bottle, care\\n(I5f Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. ot New York.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "INTERNAL REMEDIES. 163\\nbeing taken not to disturb the sediment. The bottle\\nmay be filled twice more with water, the same lime\\nbeing used. After that the sediment should be cleaned\\nout and fresh lime introduced.\\nMUSTARD.\\nThis is a stimulating emetic. A teaspoonful can be\\nstirred into a pint of water and a glassful of this given\\nevery fifteen minutes until vomiting is induced.\\nOPIUM.\\nThe best preparation of this is the deodorized tincture,\\nwhich has the same strength as the ordinary tincture,\\ncommonly called laudanum. The dose is five drops,\\nrepeated every two or three hours if necessary. It can\\nbe obtained in tablet form. Children are very sus-\\nceptible to opium, and for this reason we give them\\nthe very weak preparation known as paregoric, the\\nproper name of which is the camphorated tincture of\\nopium. The dose of this for a child of two is ten\\ndrops for one of three, thirty drops for one of five,\\na teaspoonful. Even in these doses it should be used\\nwith great caution.\\nQUININE.\\nThe best preparation of this is the bisulphate. It\\ncan be obtained in tablet or pill form.\\nSALTS-EPSOM AND GLAUBER S.\\nThe former is sulphate of magnesium, and is quite\\nbitter. The latter is sulphate of sodium, and is much\\npleasanter to take. They are both purgatives, in doses\\nof two to four teaspoonfuls dissolved in a glass of\\nwater.\\nInsure In Thk Mutual Lifb Insurance Co. ov New Tobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "164 EXTERNAL REMEDIES.\\nSULPHATE OF ZINC.\\nThis is a very prompt emetic, and of great use in case\\nof poisoning. The dose is twenty grains, which can\\nbe repeated every fifteen minutes until vomiting is\\nproduced. Three or four powders of this size should\\nalways be kept on hand.\\nEXTERNAL REMEDIES.\\nBICHLORIDE OF MERCURY.\\nThis is commonly called corrosive sublimate. It\\nis of great value as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It\\nis now very conveniently put up in tablet form. If\\neach tablet contains 7 3-10 grains, this can be dissolved\\nin a pint of water, making a solution of the strength\\nof 1 to 1,000. If a quart of water is used, the strength\\nof course will be 1 to 2,000. These solutions should\\nnot be put in metal dishes, as the mercury will leave\\nthe water and unite with the metal. As corrosive\\nsublimate is a very deadly poison, all precaution must\\nbe used to prevent its being taken internally.\\nBORIC ACID.\\nThis is not at all like an ordinary acid, but is a white\\npowder, which dissolves easily in water. It is much\\nused as a non-irritating, mild antiseptic. It is not\\nstrong enough for all purposes, but is of much value,\\nas it is practically non-poisonous. A heaping tea-\\nspoonful, dissolved in a glass of warm water, will\\nmake a solution of the strength of 4 to 100. It is a\\nvery efficient dry antiseptic when mixed with bismuth\\nsubnitrate or subcarbonate. Three teaspoonfuls of\\nbismuth with one of boric acid make a very serviceable\\ndrying powder.\\n(JCST Insure in The Mutual Life Insurance Co. op New Yobk.)", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "EXTERNAL REMEDIES. 165\\nCARBOLIC ACID.\\nThis is an efficient antiseptic, but poisonous, and also\\nrery irritating unless well diluted. It should never be\\nused stronger than i in 30. This can be made by mix-\\ning one tablespoonful with a pint of water. It takes a\\nlittle time and shaking for the mixture to be complete.\\nCOLLODION,\\nThis is a solution of gun-cotton in alcohol and\\nether, with a little castor-oil added to make the mix-\\nture flexible. It is a very nice covering for small cuts,\\nmuch better in every way than plaster. It is a liquid\\nwhich is quickly applied by means of a small brush or\\nswab to the dried surface. The alcohol and ether\\nevaporate in a few seconds, leaving a firm flexible\\nfilm closely applied to the parts. This is not affected\\nby water.\\nMUSTARD PLASTER.\\nThis is an excellent counter-irritant, and is of great\\nvalue in many conditions. It is usually made too\\nstrong. One part of mustard to ten parts of flour is\\nquite strong enough. This can be well mixed with\\nenough cool water to make a moderately thick paste.\\nThe size should be liberal, care being taken that the\\npaste is separated from the skin by one layer of\\nmuslin or linen. It can be kept on for three or four\\nhours usually. After it is removed, the skin should\\nbe carefully dried and smeared with vaseline or some\\nointment. If an immediate effect is wanted, the paste\\nshould be made of equal parts of mustard and flour.\\nThis, however, cannot be endured longer than a few\\nminutes, and its action is frequently not as deep or\\nfar-reaching as that of the milder paste.\\nC^ Insure in The Mctuai Lifb Instteanxk Co. op New Y9ES-.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nAccident in general, 9; treatment, 10.\\nAcetic acid, see Acids.\\nAcids, burns by, 29; poisoning by, 90.\\nAconite, poisoning by, 100.\\nAlcohol, poisoning by, 101; as a remedy, 160.\\nAlcoholic beverages, dangers of, 142; in the young, 143.\\nAmmonia, poisoning by, 90; as a remedy, 160.\\nAromatic spirits of ammonia, 160.\\nAntimony, poisoning by, 91.\\nAquafortis, see Nitric Acid.\\nArsenic, poisoning by, 92.\\nArtificial respiration, Marshall Hall s method, 18; Sylvester s\\nmethod, 16.\\nAsphyxia, 14; varieties, 15; by drowning, 15; by hanging, 19;\\nby suffocation, 20; by carbonic acid gas, 20; by burning\\ncharcoal, 23; by coal gas, 23; by illuminating gas, 24; by\\nfoul air, 24; by foreign bodies in the throat 25.\\nAtropine, poisoning by, 102; as a remedy, 160.\\nBaryta, poisoning by, 94.\\nBathing the sick, 133.\\nBedding, 150.\\nBeef-tea, value, of, 143; how made, 148.\\nBelladonna, poisoning by, 102; as a remedy, 161.\\nBichloride of mercury, poisoning by, 96; as a remedy, 164.\\nBismuth, 161.\\nBites, 45; of dogs, 45; treatment of bite of rabid dog, 46.\\nBlackberry brandy, 161.\\nBleeding from nose, 60; from wounds, see Hemorrhage.\\nBlood-spitting, 60.\\nBoric acid, 164.\\nBrandy, 160; blackberry, 161.\\nBruises, 30; treatment, 31.\\nBromide, 161.\\nBryony, poisoning by, 103.\\nBurns, 26; treatment, 27; by lime, caustic potash and other\\nalkalies, 28; by acids, 29.\\nCalomel, 162.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "168 INDEX.\\nCamphor, poisoning by, 103.\\nCarbolic acid, as a disinfectant, 128; as a poison, 103; as a\\nremedy, 165.\\nCarbonic-acid gas, suffocation by, 20; precautions against, 21;\\ntreatment when suffocated by, 22.\\nCarbonic oxide, 23.\\nCastor oil, 162.\\nChamber utensils, 126.\\nChampagne, 160.\\nCharcoal, suffocation from burning, 23.\\nChilblain, 68.\\nChloride of lime, 128.\\nChloride of zinc, 128.\\nChlorinated soda, 128.\\nCholera morbus, 74; epidemic, 75.\\nCleanliness, 132.\\nCoal gas, suffocation by, 24.\\nCoffee, value of, 149.\\nCold, influence on the death rate, 121; how to avoid catching,\\n122 et seq.\\nCollodion, 165.\\nConjunctivitis, 58.\\nContusions, 29; treatment, 31.\\nConvalescence, risks during, 141.\\nConvulsions in children, 55; epileptic, 69.\\nCopper, poisoning by, 94.\\nCorrosive sublimate, see Bichloride of Mercury.\\nCramps, when swimming, 18.\\nCroup, 54.\\nDiarrhoea, 72; treatment, 73.\\nDigitalis, poisoning by, 104,\\nDisinfectants, 127 et seq.\\nDisinfection of excreta, 129; of the expectoration, 129; of the\\nclothing and bedding, 130; of the person, 130; of the dead,\\n130; of the sick-room, 131.\\nDislocations, 33.\\nDrainage, 153 et seq.\\nDrowning, 15; treatment, 15 et seq.\\nDulcamara, poisoning by, 104.\\nDysentery, 74.\\nEar, foreign bodies in, 58.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 169\\nEarache, 53.\\nEggs, value of, 144.\\nEmetics, in poisoning, 83.\\nEpileptic convulsions, 69.\\nEpsom salts, 163.\\nEye, foreign bodies in, 56.\\nFaceache, 54.\\nFainting, 14.\\nFish, poisonous, 89.\\nFlour, value of, 146.\\nFlowers in sick-room, 140.\\nFood, 141 et seq.; requisites of, 144-145.\\nForeign bodies in the ear, 58; eye, 56; nostrils, 58; ihroat, 25.\\nFoul air in drains and privies, suffocation by, 24.\\nFoxglove, poisoning by, 104.\\nFractures, 32; treatment, 33.\\nFreezing, general, 67.\\nFrost-bite, 66; treatment, 68.\\nFruits, value of as food, 147.\\nGas, suffocation by illuminating, 24.\\nGlauber s salts, 163.\\nHanging, 19; treatment, 20.\\nHeat, influence of on the death-rate, 122.\\nHemorrhage, from wounds, varieties, 355 treatment, 37.\\nHenbane, poisoning by, 104.\\nHydrochloric acid, see Acids.\\nHyoscyamus, poisoning by, 104.\\nIndian tobacco, poisoning by, 105.\\nInsects in the ear, 59.\\nIodine, poisoning by, 95.\\nIpecac as an emetic for poisons, 85; as a remedy, 162:\\nIron, poisoning by, 95.\\nJelly, value of as food, 148.\\nJimson weed, poisoning by, 112.\\nLabarraque s Solution, 128.\\nLaudanum, 163.\\nLead, poisoning by, 95.\\nLight, 134 et seq.\\nLightning, accidents from, 25.\\nLime in the eye, 58; burns by, 29; poisoning by, 96.\\nLime, chloride of, 128.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "170 INDEX.\\nLime-water, 162.\\nLobelia, poisoning by, 105.\\nLunar caustic,, poisoning by, 98.\\nMalaria, 76; treatment, 77; preventive measures, 78.\\nMarshall Hall s method of artificial respiration, 18.\\nMeats, poisonous, 88.\\nMercury, poisoning by, 96.\\nMilk, value of as a food, 146.\\nMorphine, poisoning by, 105.\\nMuriatic acid, see Acids.\\nMushrooms, poisoning by, 87.\\nMustard as an emetic, 83-163.\\nMustard plaster, 165.\\nNitric acid, see Acids.\\nNose, bleeding from, 60.\\nNurses, 137.\\nNux vomica, poisoning by, 112.\\nOil of vitriol, see Sulphuric Acid.\\nOpium, poisoning by, 105; as a remedy, 163.\\nOxalic acid, poisoning by, 109.\\nOxalate of potash, poisoning by, no.\\nParegoric, 163.\\nPhosphorus, poisoning by, 97.\\nPink-eye, 58.\\nPillows, how arranged, 152.\\nPlants in sick-room, 140.\\nPoisons, definition of, 81; treatment of poisoning in geaeral,\\n82; emetics for, 83.\\nPoison-vine eruption, 61.\\nPotash, poisoning by, 97.\\nPulsatilla, poisoning by, no.\\nQuinine, 163.\\nRabid dog, bite of, 46.\\nRabies in the dog, 48.\\nRed precipitate, poisoning by, 96.\\nRemedies, 157; internal, 160 et seq.; external, 164 et seq.\\nRemoving an injured person, 10.\\nRespiration, artificial, Sylvester s method, 16; Marshall Hall s\\nmethod, 18.\\nRest, 136.\\nSalt as an emetic, 84.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 171\\nSalts of lemon or sorrel, no.\\nSanguinaria, poisoning by, no.\\nSavine, poisoning by, ill.\\nScalds, 28.\\nShock, 11; causes, 12; treatment, 13.\\nSilver, poisoning by, 98.\\nSoda, poisoning by, 98.\\nSpanish windlass, aid in checking hemorrhage from wounds,\\n39-\\nSpigelia, poisoning by, ill.\\nSpitting of blood, 60.\\nSprains, 34.\\nStarches, value of as food, 146.\\nStomach-pump, 83.\\nStramonium, poisoning by, 112.\\nStrychnia, poisoning by, 112.\\nSuffocation, 20; by carbonic acid gas, 21; by fumes of char-\\ncoal, 23; by coal gas, 24; by illuminating gas, 24; by foul\\nair, 24; by foreign bodies in the throat, 25.\\nSulphate of zinc, as an emetic, 85-164.\\nSulphuretted hydrogen, suffocation by, 24.\\nSulphuric acid, see Acids.\\nSunstroke, 61; treatment, 63; preventive measures, 64.\\nSylvester s method of artificial respiration, 16.\\nTea, value of, 149.\\nTemperature of rooms, 125.\\nThorn apple, poisoning by, 112.\\nTin, poisoning by, 99.\\nTobacco, poisoning by, 113.\\nToothache, 54.\\nTrained nurses, 138.\\nVegetable poisons, 99.\\nVentilation, 117 et seq.\\nVitriol, oil of, see Sulphuric Acid.\\nVomiting, measures to check, 76.\\nWater as an emetic, 84.\\nWhiskey, 160.\\nWounds, 34; varieties, 34; symptoms, 35; treatment of\\nhemorrhage from, zj et seq.; cleansing of, 41; dressing\\nof, 42; healing of, 42.\\nZinc, poisoning by, 99; sulphate of, as an emetic, 85-164;\\nchloride of, 128.", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3480", "width": "2288", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3700", "width": "2420", "jp2-path": "accidentsemergen00mutu_0186.jp2"}}