{"1": {"fulltext": "SF 247\\n.04\\n1900\\nCopy 1\\n/4/\\n.^XUP-TQ-OATE DArRYTlvn^\\nW^\\n/iprawLiMii\\n^W IN THE VARIED ADVANTAGES or\\nCENTRIFUGAL SEPARATION\\n/V-\u00c2\u00b0290\\nL\\nlafg/ 3eparafor(i/nfiaqy.", "height": "3427", "width": "2179", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "HIGHEST AWARD\\nWORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION\\nCHICAGO, 1893", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "50ME OF THE BENEFITS.\\nK\\nA DE LAVAL\\nCREAM\\nSEPARATOR\\nWOULD CONFER UPON YOU\\nSave 10% to S0% in skimming.\\n2, Save 51c to 10 fo in cliurning.\\n3. Increase butter value 5fc to 50%,\\n4. Save time and labor.\\n5. Save ice and water.\\n6. Insure purity of product.\\n7. Remove tuberculosis and disease germs.\\n8. Give a much superior cream.\\n9. Give cream of any desired density,\\n10. Give warm, fresh, sweet skim=milk.\\n11. Obviate scours in calves.\\n12. Give the best aeration.\\n13. Do away with taints and odors.\\n14. Enhance keeping qualities.\\n15. Save women s and house work.\\n16. Save one=half time in churning.\\n17. Save storing and handling of ice.\\n18. Save milk and ice=houses.\\n19. Save multitude of utensils.\\n20. Save washing and care of utensils.\\nSAVE $10 PER COW PER YEAR", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVE.\\nL VDr?-.ry of Co!8grft8\u00c2\u00abi)\\nof the\\n5f^S i5\\nSECTIONAL VIEW OF AN\\nImproved Alpha De Laval Cream Separator", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2feCONO COPY,\\nDAIRY\\nCream Separators\\nThe purpose of the Cream Separator is the quick and\\ncomplete separation of cream from milk in the most\\npractical and profitable manner possible.\\nNatural Forces Only\\nCentrifugal separation is the application of mechanical\\nscience to the natural laws governing the creaming of milk.\\nCentrifugal force is the natural force which is generated by\\nhigh velocity, or in other words rapid revolution. When\\napplied to liquids or other substances of different specific\\ngravit} or weight, centrifugal force greath intensifies such\\ndifferences, drawing the lighter particles to the centre of\\nmotion and driving the heavier ones to the periphery or\\nouter circle.\\nThat which nature does imperfectly and with a varying\\ndegree of effectiveness in the old way, by reason of the dif-\\nference in specific gravity or weight between the cream or\\nfat particles and the other parts of milk, as utilized in the\\nmany different forms of setting appliances, the Cream Sepa-\\nrator, by the employment of centrifugal force, quickens, makes\\nmuch more thorough, and improves in every respect.\\nHence, while the process is seemingly mechanical, it is in", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "reality, but the addition of centrifugal force to gravity, or\\nthe use of two natural forces combined instead of only one\\nin conjunction with the features of mechanical construc-\\ntion necessary to make the process continuous and practi-\\ncally instantaneous.\\nMethod of Operation\\nThe Separator consists of a small cylindrical steel bowl\\nor vessel, which is incased within and mounted upon a\\nframe provided with the mechanical equipment essential to\\nacquire a high revolving speed with a minimum expenditure\\nof operating power. The whole-milk is continuously fed\\ninto this rapidly revolving steel bowl, the separation almost\\ninstantly effected within it, and the cream and skim-milk\\ncontinuously and separately discharged from it while the\\nmachine may be used for a few minutes or as many hours\\nat a time as may be necessars according to the amount\\nof work to be done.\\nInventor and Invention\\nThe practical cream separator was the invention of Dr.\\nGustaf de Laval, of Sweden, long esteemed one of the most\\npractical scientists and useful inventors of the century, and\\noften fitly termed the EdivSon of Dairying. It was intro-\\nduced in Europe in 1879 this country a couple of years\\nlater. Within these few years the De Laval Separator has\\nwholly revolutionized dairying methods. It has single-\\nhandedly made the successful fight in behalf of centrifugal\\nseparation and has alone brought about the broad devel-\\nopment and universally demonstrated superiority of the\\nnew system to all other methods. It has become known\\nand generally UvSed in every civilized country in the world\\nand is as familiar in every countr} of Europe and Australia\\nas in America. The number of De Laval machines in use\\nnow nearly approaches 200,000, and their use and prestige\\nand conceded superiority are world-wide.", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "Earlier Construction\\nThe earlier De Laval machines were of what is now\\ntermed the plain or hollow bowl type as originally\\ndesigned. For the first few years the separator was built for\\npower operation only, so that its utility was mainly confined\\nto creamery or factor}^ use. As centrifugal separation\\nbecame more general on a larger scale the need became\\napparent of smaller separators, that would make centrifugal\\nseparation feasible in every^ variety of dairying and creaming\\nof milk.\\nIn the Spring of 1887 the De Laval Company introduced\\nin America the first Hand Separators, in several styles.\\nThese machines, like the factory ones, were of the hollow\\nbowl type. They were of course, crude and inferior in every\\nway in comparison with the improved machines of to-day,\\nbeing cumbersome in construction, heavy running, and of\\nsmall capacity. They attained a fairly large sale, however,\\nand, together with what the power machines had already\\nachieved in factory separation, laid the foundation of that\\nwhich has proved the greatest progressive step in the history\\nof all dairying centrifugal separation.\\nFrom 1883 to 1890 many improvements had been\\neffected in the mechanical construction and operation of the\\nseparators. But a few years of practical separation expe-\\nrience, even prior to the introduction of the smaller machines,\\nhad begun to make evident the need of greater capacity\\nand still closer separation under varj ing conditions. This\\nit was found futile to attempt to accomplish through larger\\nmachines, beyond limits soon reached, as, with the necessarily\\nvery high speed of the separator, that meant the use of too\\nmuch power and the certain sacrifice of safety against\\nfrequent bursting. With the coming of the hand or dairy\\nmachines the deficiencies and difficulties of the hollow\\nbowl type of construction became still more apparent, as in\\nsuch use particularly are ample capacity, ease of operation,\\n5", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "and durability under the conditions of ordinary farm use\\nvery important factors in the problem of separator construc-\\ntion. Hence the De Laval Company earnestly devoted its\\nresources to the improvement of the existing type of cream\\nseparator.\\nThe Alpha Disc^^ System\\nIn 1890, after several 3 ears of experimentation, these\\nefforts upon the part of the De Laval makers and the\\nmechanical scientists they had brought into association\\nwith themselves, were rewarded by the invention of the\\nso-called Alpha-Disc process of separator bowl construc-\\ntion and separation. The moment the principle of the new\\ninvention was revealed it was at once apparent that the\\ndifficulties experienced in hollow bowl separation would\\nbe fully overcome, and the Alpha invention speedily\\nproved as great an advance over the earlier process of cen-\\ntrifugal separation as such hollow bowl separation had\\nbeen before over gravity creaming. It brought about much\\ngreater capacity and much greater efficiency, with even\\nless size and less speed than had been previously used in\\nhollow bowl construction.\\nThe Alpha-Disc S3^stem was immediately introduced\\ninto the factory or creamery sizes of the De Laval machines.\\nIt at once doubled, and with further development has since\\ntrebled, the capacities and relative efficiency of the hollow\\nbowl sizes of these machines. In the use of such creamery\\nmachines, which had then become almost universal, the new\\ndisc system at once started the same sort of progressive\\nrevolution that the introduction of the hollow bowl sep-\\narator had in the first place. Hundreds of hollow bowl\\nfactory machines, including many of later imitating makes,\\nhave been cast aside and replaced every year since that\\ntime, until to-day the use of factory cream separators by\\nwell-informed and experienced creamery operators is almost\\nexclusively confined to the Alpha-Disc type of same.\\n6", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "In small machines the Alpha-Disc syvStcm made pos-\\nsible what the De Laval makers had been seeking and striv-\\ning for small separators of such capacity, efficiency, ease of\\noperation, extreme simplicity, and at the same time reason-\\nable cheapness, as to meet the requirements of such use.\\nThe successful introduction of the new disc system into\\nthe power machines was quickly followed in 1 890-1 891 by\\nits utilization in the De Laval Baby or Dairy Cream Sep-\\narators the first and smallest of which was given such\\ntrade-mark name by reason of its being in reality the\\nbaby of the separator family. These machines have\\nbeen further perfected from year to year, have rapidly\\nmultiplied in number in use, and have long since come to be\\nlooked upon as the very highest attainable standard of\\neconomy and practicability in the separation of cream from\\nmilk.\\nriethod of Alpha=Disc Separation\\nThe Alpha invention places in the separating bowl a\\nsystem of round and sloping steel discs or plates, one\\nabove another, which form a series of sections or compart-\\nments, by means of which the milk\\npassing through the bowl is divided\\ninto thin layers or strata and is\\nthus subjected to the centrifugal\\nforce developed by the revolving\\nspeed of the bowl in thin sheets,\\ninstead of in practically soHd balk,\\nas is the case in the hollow tj^pe\\nof bowl. There are from 25 to 60\\nof these dividing discs or plates used\\nin the separating bowl, according to\\nits size. The accompanying cut\\nshows a bowl interior. The left-\\nhand side of the cut shows the appearance of the discs\\nwith the shell of the bowl removed. The right-hand side of", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "the cut shows a sectional view of the same discs, as will be\\nunderstood. The number of discs is lessened in the cut to\\nillustrate them more plainly. The spaces between the discs\\nare less than one-eighth of an inch.\\nBach one of these different sections or disc divisions\\nbecomes, in a sense, a complete and distinct separating fac-\\ntor of itself. It makes of the whole a combination and\\nconcentration of from 25 to 60 contributory separating\\nagencies, according to the size of the machine, into a single\\nbowl.\\nIn the operation of the Alpha-Disc bowl the incoming\\nwhole-milk is carried down into the centre of the bowl\\nthrough a central shaft, from whence it is distributed\\nin thin layers throughout the spaces or compartments\\ncreated by the discs or plates. It will be noted that these\\nseparating compartments are inclined and are less than\\none-eighth of an inch in depth. The milk is thus subjected\\nto the separating process, and instead of the fat particles\\nand skim-milk particles having to \u00c2\u00a3ght their way inward\\nand outward in constant direct struggle with each other, as\\nis the case in the older or hollow\\ntype of bowl, the conflicting\\nstruggle of the separating parti-\\ncles is altogether obviated. The\\ncream particles, in the less than\\none-eighth of an inch space be-\\ntween different discs, press inward\\nfor the smallest fraction of an inch\\nuntil they strike the inclined upper\\nsurface of the underlying disc and\\nthen form an inclined upward cur-\\nrent along the surface of such disc\\nuntil they reach the cream wall\\naround the central shaft of the\\nbowl, whence they flow upward and out througli the cream\\ndischarge. The skim-milk particles have the smallest\\n8", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "fraction of an inch to go outward until they strike the disc\\nlying above the particular separating space, passing in a\\ncurrent down the inclined under surface of such disc until\\nthey reach the skim-milk wall at the outer edge of the series\\nof discs, and then upward to the skim-milk discharge\\noutlets. This process is illustrated in the accompanying\\ncut, showing a partial half-section of an Alpha bowl\\nin operation.\\nThe fact that the centrifugal force is thus applied to the\\nmilk under the most effective conditions possible will be\\nplainly apparent. As is demonstrated, the separation takes\\nplace in thin sheets, under which circumstances the effect of\\nthe centrifugal force of itself is naturally very much greater\\nthan would be the case in larger bulk while the separation\\nonce accomplished there is no further commingling of the\\nseparated particles the cream passing one way, without\\ninterference, and the skim-milk the other.\\nConsequent Advantages\\nThe resulting benefits may be readily comprehended by\\nany one, even though wholly unfamiliar with centrifugal\\nseparation. The relative capacity of the two types of\\nbowls, of equal size and of equal speed, is at least trebled.\\nBy this it is meant that the placing of the Alpha discs\\ninto any hollow bowl- will at the same speed give\\nit at least three times greater capacity, with equal thor-\\noughness of separation. It is not practicable, however, to\\nutilize the full benefit of the Alpha improvement in ca-\\npacity. It is wiser and much more practicable to make the\\nbowl of smaller size and to reduce the necessary speed.\\nThis enables the mechanical construction of a much more\\npracticable, much easier running, and much more durable\\nform of separator. Aside from these available benefits in\\ncapacity and speed, the separation becomes much more\\nnearly complete than is possible in the hollow type of\\nbowl the essential temperature of milk is materially", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "reduced the cream may be run of any desired density, and is\\nmore even in texture and more thoroughly churnable the\\nquality of the after product is improved by the lower tem-\\nperature permissible and the greater removal of the fibrous\\nand other deleterious matters found in greater or less degree\\nin all kinds of milk the purity of the product is insured by\\nthe removal of tubercular and other disease germs the\\nreduction in size and speed of bowl naturally means the\\nsaving of much power, much less wear, and proportion-\\nately greater durability, while the mechanical construction\\nof the machine becomes more generally practical in every\\nway. On top of all, there is still left a margin and reserve\\ncapability of effectiveness sufficient to offset the varying\\nconditions and carelessness of operation naturally experi-\\nenced in practical use.\\nAdvantages of Centrifngal Separation\\nWhile the merits of centrifugal separation are quite\\ngenerally understood, dairymen in many instances fail to\\nproperly appreciate that it is invariably applicable to their\\nown individual conditions, and that to every one separating\\ncream from milk regardless of the quantity it offers a\\nmeans of better and more satisfactory results and sufficiently\\ngreater returns to make it a profitable and almost necessary\\ninvestment. The advantages of centrifugal separation are\\ntoo varied and far-reaching to permit of full or extended\\nenumeration, but those which are more general and material\\nmay be briefly explained\\nThoroughness of Creaming\\nThoroughness of separation is under nearly all circum-\\nstances the first and most important of the benefits resulting", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "from centrifugal creaming. A thorough separation is\\nnot possible with any form of gravity setting, even under\\nthe most favorable conditions. There is a varying percent-\\nage of fat in all milk which will not rise to the surface with\\nany degree or amount of setting, at any time. Aside from\\nthis, with every setting process, there are invariably losses\\nfrom one cause or another condition of cow, breed of cow,,\\ntime of cow in lactation, condition of milk, lack of ice or of\\nsufficiently cold water, varying temperatures, weather and\\nclimatic influences, and the degree of care used. The separa-\\ntor does away with all these doubtful results its work is\\nmechanical in such respects, is affected by none of these con-\\nditions, and must of necessity be uniformly complete. The\\ndifference is a considerable one, it has never been found to\\naverage less than loc/c under any circumstances, is more\\nusually 20 (fc, and in many cases especially in warm coun-\\ntries\u00e2\u0080\u0094often as much as 50 f^\\nChurnability of Cream\\nAn evenly and thoroughly churnable cream is of almost\\nequal importance to the separation to begin with. With\\nthe old systems much of the butter is always lost in the\\nbuttermilk, and occasionally the cream won t churn at all.\\nSome of the causes w^hich make separation difficult in grav-\\nity systems at the same time lessen the churnabilit}- of\\nthe cream from such systems. There is a web-like fibrin or\\nviscous matter varying from numerous conditions which\\ngradually develops in all milk after it comes from the cow,\\nincreasing as the milk ages. This helps materially to retard\\ncreaming by setting processes, and being in great part\\ntaken wath the cream in gravity creaming it affects the\\ngathering of the butter in the churn to even a greater extent\\nthan it did the rising of the cream. In the use of the\\nseparator the milk is separated very soon after coming\\nfrom the cow, before the fibrin has had time to but slightly\\ndevelop, and what little there maj^ be of it is thrown out of", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "the cream, and left within the bowl. In consequence the\\nseparator cream readily and completely turns into butter.\\nThe saving of time in churning is fully one-half, the grain\\nand texture of the product are materially better, and the\\ngain in quantity through greater churnability will easily\\naverage 5% to 10 f^, if not more.\\nBetterment of Quality\\nSeparator butter commands the highest prices on every\\nbutter market in the world. It stands best for fresh con-\\nsumption, and best after long keeping. The best trade in\\nevery locality can no longer be supplied with anything else.\\nEvery dealer, and almost every consumer, recognizes its\\nunquestionable superiority. Almost every butter prize at\\nfairs, conventions, and exhibitions now goes to the separa-\\ntor-made entries, and this is invariably the case in all\\nimportant contests. Separator-made butter scores from\\nfive to twenty-five points higher than the most carefully\\nmade gravity-system product.\\nThe absolute uniformity of the separator process must\\nresult in a better product. The milk is creamed fresh from\\nthe cow in its best possible condition, and with less liability\\nto taints than in setting, while the removal of filth from\\nit by the action of the machine can hardly be appreciated\\nby one never having seen a separator bowl after a separa-\\ntion. Then the eradication of the likely disease bacteria and\\ntubercular germs, which the Alpha-Disc centrifugal sepa-\\nration effects, together with the fibrous matters, is of inesti-\\nmable importance, and is elsewhere spoken of in greater\\ndetail. Additionally, there is the advantage of the thorough\\naeration of the milk and cream centrifugal separation\\nbeing by far the most efficient of all forms of aeration.\\nSeparator users are easily getting an average of ten per cent,\\nmore for their product than they were before using the\\nmachines, and in many cases the difference in value is even\\nmuch greater.\\n12", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Skim=nilk\\nThe skim-milk is a dairying product which the use of\\nthe separator altogether changes in its value and usefulness\\nin ever respect. Warm, fresh and sweet from the separator,\\nmixed with ground meal, it makes the best possible calf\\nfood, and is full}- as nutritious thus used as the whole-milk\\nitself. Some users are in this way getting greater actual\\nreturns out of their skim-mi\\\\k than other farmers out of\\ntheir whole-milk. Some users find their skim-milk to net\\nthem $i.oo per loo lbs. in calf feeding, while their neighbors\\nsell their calves and cart their whole-milk to a cheese fac-\\ntory for a less amount. With separator skim-milk there is\\nno scouring nor other digestive troubles with calves.\\nSome separator users near cities get almost as much for\\ntheir sweet, fresh skim-milk for household, bakery and like\\npurposes, as many dairy farmers realize from their whole-\\nmilk. In the use of setting systems the skim-milk is almost\\nvalueless in any of these ways, since in standing the bac-\\nterial growth develops rapidly and the sugar of milk, which\\nis extremely nutritious in its natural condition, changes\\ninto an acid which is harmful rather than beneficial to both\\nthe animal and human stomach. The value of the skim-\\nmilk is easily trebled through the use of the separator.\\nCream\\nIf to be used for the production of cream for any\\ncommercial purpose, no other system can be considered\\nin comparison with the separator. Its product is the\\nsweetest, freshest, most uniform, freest from taints, ma}-\\nbe easily run of any desired consistency from the light-\\nest to the heaviest and is superior in every respect. In\\nall the larger cities, and in man}^ smaller places as well,\\nthe best trade can now be satisfied with nothing but\\nseparator cream, and the price commanded is propor-\\ntionately greater.\\n1-3", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "Saving of Ice\\nWith the separator the milk is best separated while\\nretaining its natural warmth, as quickly as possible after\\ncoming from the cow, no ice or water being required to cool,\\nkeep or cream it. No setting system can be used without\\nice with even moderate success (except with very cold spring\\nwater), the more of it used the better being the results at-\\ntained, and every user of such a system can readily deter-\\nmine what a saving and convenience it would be to do\\nwithout it.\\nSaving of Time, Labor and Plant\\nIn the use of the separator the separating may be done\\nanywhere, but usually in a place .close to the milking, and\\nwhile the milking is going on, so that a few minutes after\\nthe milking is over the separation is finished, the skim-milk\\nis at once fed to the stock, or otherwise disposed of, and the\\ncream is put away to ripen for churning. Five to ten min-\\nutes cleans the machine, and within thirty minutes of milking\\nthe whole work of creaming is done. There is no carrying,\\nrepeated handling, storing away, and constant repairing\\nand renewing of cumbersome cans and pans. There is no\\ngetting and appl3 ing of ice, nor pumping and handling of\\nwater. There is no need of long and tedious washing of\\nmany things, or perhaps the leaving of utensils unclean to\\ninjure the product every time they are used. There are no\\nflies to fight, no fires to keep for warming skim-milk, no\\ngetting up to look after milk at all hours. There is no need\\nof a milk-house, an ice-house, nor any of the many appur-\\ntenances necessarily a part of gravity setting. The separa-\\ntor saves the women of the house the drudger^^ of dairying\\nwithout increasing the work of the men. It transforms\\nwhat has ever been an unendingly wearying and burden-\\nsome labor into an agreeable and satisfactory feature of\\nfarm and household occupation.\\n14", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Incidental Benefits\\nThe centrifugal separator has for seventeen years been\\nthe key-stone of progress in dairy farming. It has been\\nthe most potent of dairying educators, and its introduc-\\ntion has almost invariably proved the stepping-stone to\\nadvancement in every feature of dairy work and character\\nof methods and utensils. It is an object lesson in up-to-date\\nmachinery, dairying and otherwise. It is usually soon fol-\\nlowed by a Babcock Tester, showing the actual butter-fat\\nvalue of the milk of each cow, the weeding out of the poorer\\ncows, an up-to-date churn, the use of better salt, better\\ncolor, greater cleanliness, a more intelligent understanding\\nof butter-making generally, and naturally the production of\\na better quality and higher-price grade of output. Such im-\\nprovement must necessarily lend its influence to other lines\\nof farm work, and the leaven of progress which the intro-\\nduction of the separator provides is inestimable in its wide-\\nspread results.\\nWonld a Cream Separator Pay YOD?\\nThere is nothing very difficult in determining the answer\\nto this question upon the part of every owner or maker-up\\nof the product of five or even one or more cows. The\\nconsiderations involved are capable of easy and accurate\\nreckoning, and there is hardly any one who cannot simply\\nand readily decide the question for himself, and make no\\npossible mistake in doing so.\\nTo begin with, you are, of course, keeping cows for profit,\\nor, in other words, as a business, or a branch of your busi-\\nness of farming. Therefore you may properly take up this\\nquestion as a business man would consider any other busi-\\nness proposition.\\n15", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "How many cows have you What is their product in\\nvolume of butter and in dollars and cents What is your\\npresent creaming system You probably have some con-\\nception of its wastefulness. Stop to think, in addition, of\\nits cost in time and labor its trying, burdensome and\\nobjectionable features in many respects.\\nGet these points and figures together for your considera-\\ntion, just as any manufacturer or merchant would do in\\ndetermining the wisdom of a change or investment affecting\\nhis business. Then consider the facts herewith presented,\\nreduce them to figures to fit your own individual case, and\\ncompare them with your present results. Take it for granted\\nthat the facts presented are sound and true, as is the case,\\nand as will be guaranteed you as a condition of your purchase\\nof a De Laval Separator.\\nQuantity* If you use an improved creamer with ice, add\\nlo per cent, to your total production of butter, for increase\\nin yield. If you use such a creamer without ice, add 20 per\\ncent. If you use simply pans or crocks, or practice similar\\nsetting, add 30 per cent. If your climate is warm or vari-\\nable, add another 10 per cent, during such seasons, no\\nmatter what your system.\\nQuality If you use an improved creamer, add two to\\nfive cents to the value of each pound of butter, according to\\nthe price you may now be obtaining, for improvement in\\nquality. If yoi may simply be practicing old-fashioned\\nsetting, in the usual manner, add from five to ten cents,\\naccording to same condition.\\nWater Ice* If you use ice or pump water in creaming\\nyour milk, figure what ice and its storage, handling, time\\nand labor costs you or represents to you in the course of a\\nyear, and what the saving of same would mean to you.\\nSkim-Milk\u00c2\u00bb Estimate the present value of your skim-\\nmilk, as nearly as you can, no matter what the use to which\\nyou may put it, and then double or treble such estimate by\\nreason of having it warm, sweet and fresh from the cow,\\n16", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "possessed of its full degree of nutritive qualities in such nat-\\nural state. Consider, too, in addition, the time, labor and\\ntrouble saved in having to warm it if used in feeding in\\nyour present way.\\nTime\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Labor. Estimate as nearly as you can a saving\\nof one-half the time in churning the saving of time in hand-\\nling, setting and skimming the milk the saving of time in\\nwashing and caring for the setting utensils and particularly\\nthe drudgery of all this w^ork to the already over-burdened\\nhousewife or daughter.\\nThe Inevitable Conclusion\\nAdd the results of these estimates together. Thus you\\nwill have before you in simple, plain, undeniable form what\\na De Laval Separator would save you. Thus you may\\nreadily determine for yourself whether a separator would pay\\nyou or not.\\nYou cannot possibly help finding that in all of these\\nways together it would certainly save its cost for you\\nat least every year, just as it invariably has for thousands of\\nothers. You cannot possibly help finding that so far from\\nthere being a question about your being able to afford it,\\nthere is on the contrary no question but that you cannot\\nafford to be without it.\\nThe Separator Not High in Cost\\nIf unfamiliar with the centrifugal cream separator its\\ncost may on first consideration seem rather high, and\\nmay appear more of an investment than you can well\\nmake. This, however, is easily shown to be foolish and\\nmistaken reasoning. In farming, dairying, housekeeping,\\nand everything else, there must, of course, be some invest-\\nment as in any other business undertaking or enterprise.\\nIt is seldom possible to accomplish much, if anything, with\\nnothing, and he who attempts it generally wastes a good\\n17", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "part of what is a short lease of earthly existence at most.\\nSuccess in every producing element of life depends upon a\\nwise discrimination between that which is a good invest-\\nment of money or effort and that which is a poor one. It\\nmust be clear to you upon reflection that the separator is\\nnot only a good investment at its cost, but that it would\\nstill be so if its cost were iive times as great as it is, and\\nthat there is no other way in conjunction with the farm or\\nthe dairy to make the same investment return you one-\\ntenth as much. Therefore, the cost of the separator is\\nnot high, but, on the contrary, from an investment and\\nproductive standpoint, very low.\\nWithout regard to the returns it makes you, however,\\nthe separator is not high in price, but in reality the cheapest\\npiece of machinery on the farm. In the first place the De\\nLaval machines are of the very highest and most expensive\\ntype of mechanism in all respects. No other agricultural\\nmachinery approaches them in quality of construction and\\nfinish. They are made as such machines must be made to\\nstand 6,000 or 7,000 revolutions a minute twice a day for\\nevery day in the year, and last virtually a lifetime. You\\ncome in contact with no other piece of machinery that would\\nstand the wear and strain of such use a month let alone\\ntwenty to fifty years. In the second place, compare the sepa-\\nrator with the drill, the reaper, the thresher, and other\\nkindred machinery. These implements are used but a few\\ndays, or a few weeks at most, in the entire year. The rest\\nof the time they produce nothing, and are simply a source\\nof care. The separator is used twice a day every day in the\\nyear, and is saving and producing you something every\\ntime you put milk through it.\\nThe man who lets hrst cost stand in the way of his pur-\\nchase of a separator, no matter how he may be compelled to\\nacquire the money for its purchase, simply stands in his own\\nfinancial light, and can hardly sustain any course of reason-\\ning, even to his own satisfaction, for doing so.\\n18\\nI", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Purification of Products\\nNo subject in connection with dairying is receiving more\\nconspicuous attention than that of the necessary purifica-\\ntion of dairy products. Experiment invariably demonstrates\\nthat the greatest care and the most thorough straining will\\nnot keep or take all of the dirt and filth out of milk. One\\nwho sees the refuse left in a separating bowl, after a separa-\\ntion run no matter how carefully the milk may have been\\nstrained, is not likely to agreeably use milk again for some\\nlittle time. Of still greater importance, however, are the\\nharmful bacteria and disease-creating germs existing in milk\\nor capable of development in it. The most commonly serious\\nof these are the tuberculosis or consumptive germs, the\\ndangerous importance of which has already been made the\\nsubiect of legislation in many States.\\nWhat is true of milk in this respect is still more so of\\ncream and butter, since in practically all gravity processes\\nalmost all of the filth and bacteria matters are taken from\\nthe milk with the cream, and the latter rapidly multiply in\\nsame It is found that the centrifugal separator, and more\\nespecially the Alpha-Disc or milk-strata system now used\\nin the improved De Laval machines, gathers and holds m\\nthe bowl of the separator practically all of the filth, fibrous\\nand slime matters contained in greater or less degree m all\\nmilk, including the bacteria germs.\\nMany large city milk concerns have already begun or\\nare now arranging to run their milk through Alpha-Disc\\nSeparators solely for cleansing P^-^^ ^^^^P^f/\\nmilk and cream being emulsed together again before delivery\\nfrom the machine. Constantly increasing attention is being\\ngiven to this subject, both in America and Europe, and m\\nsome European cities milk centrifuging is already largely m\\nvogue Itls altogether probable that in the near future pure^\\nLod laws will preclude the sale of other than centnfuged\\ndairy products, from whole-milk to butter.\\n19", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "NEW 20TH CENTURY\\nStyles, Capacities, Prices, c.\\nJanuary ist, 1900.\\nSeptember ist, 1899, marked the introduction of the\\nImproved 20th Century Baby or Dairy sizes and styles\\nof Alpha De Laval Cream Separators. These improve-\\nments denote another advance in centrifugal cream separator\\nconstruction and efficiency. Great as has been the universally\\nconceded superiority of the De Laval machines heretofore,\\nthe standard is now raised still higher. As near practical\\nperfection as have been the De Laval Separators the past\\nyear, the latest improvements make them still better, until\\nit is difficult to-day to perceive the possibilities of further\\nimprovement.\\nThere has been a two-fold purpose upon the part of the\\nDe Laval makers in this respect. In the first place, they\\nhave had their skilled experts at work for three years to\\ndevise every conceivable means of bettering their machines,\\nwith which to fittingly celebrate the trade opening of the new\\ncentury. Following precedent in the development of the De\\nLaval machines no expense has been spared to this end. Nor\\nhas cost of production been considered in the determination\\nof the makers to give the 20th Century purchasers of a De\\nLaval Separator as nearly perfect a machine for the purpose\\nas twenty years of experience could devise and the finest\\nshops of the kind in the world produce. That this result\\nhas been handsomely achieved will be instantly apparent to\\nany one familiar with cream separators on seeing- the new\\nmachines. And when it comes to operating- one of them the\\nprevious user of separators will readily find that the 20th\\nCentury machines are in a class by themselves in efficiency\\n20", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "and completeness, while the longer he uses one of them the\\ngreater will be his appreciation of its superior practicability\\nand durability.\\nIn the second place, while the sale of the De Laval\\nmachines has always been five times that of all others com-\\nbined, it has been a problem with the De Laval makers for\\nseveral years how best to so convincingly demonstrate the\\nall-around greater merit of the Alpha machines to every\\nintending buyer as to make their UvSe as universal as the\\noverw^helming superiority of the Alpha-Disc construction\\njustifies it should be and must ultimately make it, and thus\\nlessen the temptation of the inexperienced buyer to take\\nchances with one of the inferior and suppOvSedly cheaper\\nseparators which the expiration of the original patents on\\nthe hollow bowl t3^pe of separator has led several former\\nmanufacturers of gravity creamers to take up and attempt to\\nfind a market for on their own account. This the De Laval\\nmakers confidently believe they have accomplished in the\\nmachines now launched upon the market. These machines\\nare now advanced so far beyond ever ^thin^ else for the clari-\\nfication of milk and the separation of cream from milk that\\nthey are simply unapproachable in principle except through\\ninfringement of the Alpha-Disc process, and in mechanical\\nconstruction and practical cheapness except through manu-\\nfacture on as large a scale and with equal experience, all of\\nwhich, moreover, must be readily and convincingly apparent\\nto any one with even the most casual consideration.\\nWhile, furthermore, the universal centrifugal separation\\nof cream and centrifugal clarification and purification of\\nwhole-milk for human consumption, which the next five to\\nten years should bring about, is necessarily dependent upon\\nthoroughly practical machines for inexperienced home and\\nfarm use machines large in capacity and easy of hand opera-\\ntion, simple, durable, complete in finish and attachments,\\nthoroughly efficient, and at the same time reasonably low in\\nprice in proportion to resulting benefits. Such separators\\n21", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "the De Laval makers present to the public in the new 20th\\nCentury machines machines for everybody, that nobody\\ncan criticise and nobody ask for anything better or cheaper.\\nNew 20th Centnry Styles and Sizes\\nThe De Laval Baby or Dairy Cream Separators are\\nnow made in eight different sizes and styles. The Old Style\\nBaby No. i machine is of the earlier plain or hollow\\nbowl type. All of the other machines are of the improved\\nAlpha or Disc construction. The Humming-Bird\\nis solely a hand machine. The Dairy Turbine is solely a\\nsteam-motor machine. All of the other sizes are capable of\\nconvenient use either by hand or power.\\nIt should be understood that the Baby machines\\nare especially designed and constructed for hand use, and\\nfour-fifths of them are altogether used in such way. The\\nmechanical construction of the machines in this respect is one\\nof their most important features. The De Laval machines\\nare hand machines in every sense, and are intended for use\\nin such manner. The operation is surprisingly easy, and\\nmany are run wholly by women and children. Still, when\\nusers may prefer, from one reason or another, to attach to\\npower the machines may be readily connected with light\\nand uniform power of any kind, from dog or calf tread to\\nwater-motor or engine.\\nThe Baby machines range in capacity from 150 lbs.\\nto 850 lbs. of milk per hour. By capacity is meant the\\nseparating capacity of whole-milk per hour. Any amount\\nof milk from a gallon upward may be separated with either\\nof the machines, it being simply a question of duration of\\nrun, according to quantity to be put through.\\nOld Style Humming=Bird\\nThe Strap Humming-Bird or Old Style Baby No. o\\n(see cut page 28) is the smallest of the Alpha disc bowl\\ntype of Baby machines. It is designed for household\\n22", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "and small dairy use, with the milk of from one to five cows.\\nIt is operated with a ratchet strap instead of a crank the\\nmotion being that of pulling an oar toward one and is\\nextremely easy of operation, being easily capable of use\\naltogether by women and children. Its capacity is 175 lbs.,\\nand reduced price $50.\\nNew Style Humming-Bird\\nThe Crank Humming-Bird or New Style Baby\\nNo. o (see cut page 29) is a later and somewhat improved pat-\\ntern of the Humming-Bird size of machine, being of gear\\nconstruction, and built for crank operation upon practically\\nthe same lines as the larger Baby machines. The 20th\\nCentury Crank Humming-Bird is made stronger in several\\nconstnictural respects than previous machines of the same\\nstyle. It possesses every advantage and improvement of\\nthe larger machines, and is meeting with a largely increasing\\nsale, both to small dairy farmers having less than 6 or 8\\ncows and to owners of i or 2 cows for private use, and\\ngradually into city and village homes where milk is bought\\nfor Jiousehold uses. There is also a constantly increasing\\nuse of this machine by small hotels and restaurants, that\\ncream of the best quality may be readily made as wanted,\\nand the surplus of milk turned into superior butter. The\\nCrank Humming-Bird is most extremely easy of opera-\\ntion, the operator sitting in running it, almost without effort.\\nIts increased capacity is now 225 lbs., and price $65.\\nOld Style Baby No. 1\\nThe Old Style Baby No. i (see cut page 30) is of the\\nolder plain or hollow bowl type of separator, as\\nexplained. In pattern and mechanism, aside from the bowl,\\nit is much the same as the Baby No. 2. It is intended\\nfor use in small dairies. It is not represented to be equal in\\ngeneral practicability to the Alpha disc bowl type of\\nmachines. It is, however, in many respects superior to\\nimitating hollow bowl separators, and considerably\\n2Z", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "superior to any gravity-system. Its capacity is 150 lbs.,\\nand its price in ten years has been gradually reduced from\\n$125 to $50 at this time.\\nImproved Iron=Stool Baby No. 1\\nThe Improved or Nevr Style Baby No. i (see cut\\npage 31) is a recently created size of Alpha disc bowl\\ntype of machine, designed especially to meet the needs of the\\nuser thinking himself unable to afford the cost of the larger\\nBaby No. 2 machine, and preferring to give more time\\nto the separation rather than to go beyond absolute necessity\\nin first cost. It is intended for dairies of 5 to 10 or 15\\ncows, though the use of the larger capacity No. 2 machine\\nis recommended as more practicable and economical, in\\nthe long run, in dairies of 8 or more cows. The improved\\nmachine is of the latest spring-bearing pattern, has a hand-\\nsome iron supporting stand or stool furnished with it as a\\npart of the machine, and is provided with gear shield in\\nprotection of the driving wheel and pinion. Its increased\\ncapacity is now 325 lbs., and price $100.\\nImproved Iron=StooI Baby No. 2\\nThe Iron-Stool Baby No. 2 machine (see cut page 32)\\nis the latest improved type of the widely known low-frame\\nstyle of Baby No. 2 machine. It is now made with a\\nhandsome iron stool or supporting stand, which is furnished\\nas a part of the machine. It is also of the latest spring-\\nbearing pattern and is supplied with gear shield in protection\\nof driving wheel and pinion. The Baby No 2 is the\\nbest known and heretofore most widely used dairy separator,\\nand is the size of machine which has been mainly instru-\\nmental in revolutionizing farm dairying. As now made\\nit possesses many improvements over any previous form.\\nIt is intended for dairies of from 5 to 20 or 30 cows, and is\\noften used in even larger ones. Its increased capacity is now\\n450 lbs., and price $125.\\n24", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Improved High=Frame Baby No. 2\\nThe High-Frame Baby No. 2 (see cut page 33) is a\\ncomparatively new style of this size of machine, made in\\nhigh continuous frame pattern similar in design to the\\nwell-known Baby No. 3. In other respects it is identical\\nwith the Improved iron-stool style of machine. The intend-\\ning purchaser of No. 2 size of machine may thus choose\\nbetween the two styles as shown in cuts. The general\\npreference is for the iron-stool style, by reason of its greater\\nconvenience under varying setting conditions, while others\\nconsider the solid continuous frame more stable. The\\ncapacity and price of the high-frame machine are the same as\\nthose of the iron-stool one 450 lbs. and $125\\nImproved Baby No. 3\\nThe Baby No. 3 (see cut page 34) is essentially the\\nsame as the Baby No. 2, other than that it is designed on\\na larger scale throughout. It is of the continuous solid\\nframe pattern. Users of separators are beginning to appre-\\nciate the many greater advantages of creaming their milk\\nquickly, as well as the economy of saving time in separation\\nas in everything else. The No, 3 is designed for dairies of\\nfrom 20 to 75 or more cows, but is now being largely used in\\ndairies of even 10 or 15 cows, and frequently still fewer, by\\nreason of its doing the same work in about half the time\\nnecessary with the No. 2. Its increased capacity is now\\n850 lbs., and price $200.\\nImproved Dairy Turbine\\nThe larger Baby or No. 3 machine is also constructed\\nin the form of a Dairy Turbine (see cut page 35) for direct\\nsteam pressure connection. It is of exceptional excellence in\\nits mechanical construction, and utilizes the latest improved\\nprinciples of the De Laval Steam-Turbine Factory styles of\\nmachines, including the steam-tooth wheel motor mechanism.\\n25", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "The turbine or steam pressure power, however, is alone\\napplicable to this type of machine, and such means of\\noperation is only advisable for farm and dairy requirements\\nwhere power is desired to be used with the separator\\nbut not for churning and other kindred work, in which\\nunless otherwise provided for it is more necessary than\\nin separating with the De Laval machines. This form of\\npower is never economical or practicable in a smaller\\nseparator, and only under these exceptional conditions with\\none of this size. The increased capacity of the Dairy\\nTurbine is now 850 lbs., and price $225.\\nPulleys for Power Connection\\nWhen power is desired to be used with the Baby\\nmachines, several forms of pulleys are practicable. With\\nthe No. I and No. 2 machines direct lever connection may\\nbe made between the hand crank and dog or sheep tread\\npowers, without pulleys or belting. Where pulleys are\\nnecessary, one may be used which is interchangeable with\\nthe hand crank, and to which pulley a special form of crank\\nfor hand use may be directly attached, if desired. This\\npulley costs $2.50 for the No. i and No. 2 machines, and $3\\nfor the No. 3 machine. Or, where perhaps the machine is to\\nbe used altogether by power, the crank and external gear\\nmechanism may be removed, and either a set of tight and\\nloose pulleys or a single ratchet pulley used on the lower\\nshaft, which method of power connection is often more\\npracticable by reason of the higher speed of this lower shaft.\\nThe cost of either of these styles of pulleys is $6.\\nPower or Creamery Separators\\nWhere larger machines than the Baby sizes of separa-\\ntors are wanted, as in dairies of 75 or more cows, or\\ncreameries and factories, catalogue should be procured of\\nthe Alpha and other regular power or creamery styles\\nand sizes of De Laval Separators, which range in capacity\\n26", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "from i,ioo lbs. to 4,500 lbs., and in price from $250 to $800,\\nand which are made in various different forms and styles, and\\nare the machines now almost universally used in creamery or\\nfactory operation.\\nTerms, etc.\\nThe De Laval machines are now so well introduced in\\nnearly every section, and are so highly endorsed by all dairy\\nand public authorities and innumerable well-known users\\neverywhere, that it is no longer deemed necessary to place\\nmachines on trial, but they may usually be obtained\\nsubject to approval through any of the regular agents, and\\nin every sale superiority in all essential respects to any\\nother machine or S3^stem, and satisfaction to the user is\\nvoluntarily guaranteed as a condition of purchase.\\nThe list prices of the De Laval machines are in all cases as\\nlow as is consistent with the merit and mechanical excellence\\nand completeness which the buyer rightfully expects in the\\npurchase and illimitable use of the machines. Therefore, the\\nprices are net at list to one and all alike. There are no\\ntrade discounts to any one. There are no agents except\\nthe regular ones covering specific territories. No agent is\\npermitted to discount prices to any one under any circum-\\nstances. All machines are f. o. b. cars at the Company s\\nGeneral Works, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Western Stores,\\nChicago Pacific Stores, San Francisco, or Canadian Works,\\nMontreal.\\nCuts showing the different styles of Baby machines,\\nas herein described, will be found on the following pages,\\nand have been designed to show the machines as they are.\\nOrders may be placed through or any desired informa-\\ntion may be obtained of the regular agents and dealers\\nrepresenting and handling the De Laval machines, or\\ndirectly of the Company.\\n27", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "STRAP HUMMINQ=BIRD\\nAlpha or \u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Disc Bowl Type)\\nDe Laval Cream Separator\\n{See page 22)\\nActual Capacity, 175 Lbs. Per Hour\\n(Equal to 225 lbs. claimed capacity in any other make\\nof separator, regardless of other differences)\\nPRICE\\n$50 00\\n2^", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "CRANK HUiVlMINQ=BIRD\\nArpha or Disc Bowl Type)\\nDe Laval Cream Separator\\n{See page 2j)\\nActual Capacity, 225 Lbs. Per Hour\\nEqual to 300 lbs. claimed capacity in any other make\\nof separator, regardless of other differences)\\nPRICE\\n$65.00\\n29", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "OLD STYLE BABY NO. I\\nPlain or Horiow Bowl Type)\\nDe Laval Cream Separator\\n{Seg page 23)\\nActual Capacity, 150 Lbs. Per Hour\\n(Equal to 200 lbs. claimed capacity in any other make\\nof separator, regardless of other differences)\\nPRICE\\n$50.00\\n30", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "IRON=STOOL BABY NO. 1\\nAlpha or Disc Bowl Type)\\nDe Laval Cream Separator\\n(S^e page 24)\\nActual Capacity, 325 Lbs. Per Hour\\n(Equal to 400 lbs. claimed capacity in any other make\\nof separator, regardless of other differences)\\nPRICE\\n$100.00\\n31", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "IRON=STOOL BABY NO. 2\\nAlpha or Disc Bowl Type)\\nDe Laval Cream Separator\\n{See page 24)\\nActual Capacity, 450 Lbs. Per Hour\\n(Equal to 550 lbs. claimed capacity in any other make\\nof separator, regardless of other differences)\\nPRICE\\n$125.00\\n32", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "HIGH=FRAiVlE BABY NO. 2\\nAlpha or *\u00c2\u00abDisc Bowl Type)\\nDe Laval Cream Separator\\nJ\\n(See page 23)\\nActual Capacity, 450 Lbs. Per Hour\\nEqual to 550 lbs. claimed capacity in any other make\\nof separator, regardless of other differences)\\nPRICE $125.00\\n33", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "HIQH=FRAME BABY NO. 3\\nAlpha or Drsc Bowl Type)\\nDe Laval Cream Separator\\n(See page 23)\\nActual Capacity, 850 Lbs. Per Hour\\n(Equal to i,ooo lbs. claimed capacity in any other make\\nof separator, regardless of other differences)\\nPRICE\\n$200.00\\n34", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "DAIRY STEAiVV=TURBINE\\n(\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Alpha or \u00e2\u0099\u00a6\u00e2\u0099\u00a6Disc Bowl Type)\\nDe Laval CREAn Separator\\nl,See page 2^)\\nActual Capacity, 850 Lbs. Per Hour\\nEqual to 1,000 lbs. claimed capacity in any other make\\nof separator, regardless of other differences)\\nPRICE\\n$225.00\\n35", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "Imitating Machines and Systems\\nThere is little to be said on this score. The Alpha\\nDe Laval machines have always stood so far above every-\\nthing else in the separation of cream from milk that they\\nhave known little actual competition. Their sale is more\\nthan ten times that of all imitating machines and other\\ncream-separating- systems combined. In fact they have\\nnever experienced such a thing as honest competition at all.\\nThe only competition possible has been through misrepre-\\nsentation upon the part of would-be competitors with inferior\\nand cheaply made machines, through gross exaggeration of\\nactual capacity and degree of practical efficiency, in con-\\njunction with the pretense of offering something cheaper,\\nwhich sometimes appeals to the inexperienced dairy pur-\\nchaser, as may be understood.\\nThe users of creamery or factory separators, where the\\ndifferences in separator efficiency and practicability are\\nnaturally more readily apparent, have for several years\\nalmost universally recognized the overwhelming superiority\\nof the De Laval machines. From year to year this has\\nbecome more and more the case with farm and dairy users\\nas well, as such users have profited by their own experience\\nor that of others known to them. While now the new 20th\\nCentury improvements so much further enhance the supe-\\nriority of the De Laval machines as to simply place them\\nbeyond the reach of competition. Where there have here-\\ntofore been second, third and fourth class separators, as\\ncompared with the De Laval, the New Century De Laval\\nmachines simply stand in a class by themselves, with noth-\\ning in the shape of attempted competitive machines even\\ndeserving of the name of second class all other machines\\nto-day being no better than third, fourth or fifth class, as the\\ncase may be.\\nSuch inferior and imitating machines as may be found\\nj6", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "advertised (and they are more frequently advertised than\\nused for any great length of time) may be summed up in a\\nfew words. A number of them are not centrifugal machines\\nat all, but simply vSo-called separators utilizing gravity\\nin conjunction with water dilution. These are mere fakes,\\ninferior to ordinary gravity creamers, and possessed of but\\nthe single merit of the name they fraudulently misappro-\\npriate. Others are, correctly speaking, centrifugal machines,\\nbut these are all of the plain or hollow bowl type, the\\nmanufacture of which is now permissible by reason of the\\nexpiration of the earlier I)e Laval patents, and has been\\nbrazenly taken up by several of the former gravity creamer\\nmanufacturers, who bitterly fought the progress of centrif-\\nugal separation until the success of the De Laval machines\\noverwhelmed them.\\nThese plain or hollow bowl machines are inferior\\nto the improved Alpha disc De Laval machines in every\\nrespect. They are simply on a par in separation prin-\\nciples with the De Laval machines of ten years ago.\\nThey do not nearly approach the Alpha disc machines of\\nto-day in any single point of separator practicability. They\\nare made in small numbers and without the necessar\\\\ expe-\\nrience in separator construction. Few, if any, of them will\\nstand the test of several years of wear. In the effort to\\nsomewhat nearly approach the capacities of the Alpha\\ndisc machines, their bowls are made from 50 to 100 per cent,\\nlarger, and are run at from 50 to 100 per cent, greater speed.\\nAll this, of course, is at the expense of operating power,\\nsafety, durability and quality of product. From the same\\nreason their hand use is difficult and in the larger dairy\\nsizes impossible. Necessarily rated at their utmost they\\npossess no reserve capabilit} wnth which to meet varying\\nseparation conditions. They are made cheaply in the\\nnecessary effort to apparently sell under the price of the\\nDe Laval machines, and are cheap machines in every\\nsense but that of practical economy.\\n37", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "AHERICA^S HIGHEST\\nDAIRYINQ AUTHORITY ON\\nCREAH SEPARATORS\\nUNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN\\nExperiment Station, Madison, Wis.\\nThe use of the Hand Separators is a great boon to the pro-\\ngressive dairy fanner who is making the most out of his milk by\\nmanufacturing it at home. The amount of fat which many dairy-\\nmen lose in the skim-milk is surprisingly large, and only because\\nthey do not know that such is the case do these dairymen daily\\nsuffer this loss. We have tested skim-milk for men who thought\\nthey were pretty good dairymen where there was as much as\\nI per cent, of fat remaining in the skim-milk though generally the\\nloss is about one-half that, as shown by our tests. Now think of\\nit for a moment If the full milk contains 4 per cent, of fat, and\\nthe dairyman loses one-half of i per cent, of this fat by imjoerfect\\ncreaming, there is a loss of 12 4 per cent, by the old method, about\\nall of which is saved without difficulty through using a good\\nHand Separator. To care for the cows, milk them and handle the\\nmilk, and then each day lose 12 4 per cent, of the fat produced, is\\npermitting a continual loss which no thoughtful dairyman will\\nlong stand when he comprehends the situation. By the use of the\\nBaby Hand Separator the milk can be at once almost completely\\nrid of the fat, leaving the warm skim-milk fresh for the calves and\\npigs, while the cream only need receive further careful attention.\\nWith the Hand Separator and the milk test the progressive dairy-\\nman is now master of the situation.\\nContinued experience in our creamery, which we operate in\\na practical way as well as for experimentation and instruction,\\nhas given us still higher appreciation of the Alpha De Laval\\nSeparators. The exhaustiveness of their skimming under the\\nvarying conditions of milk-flow and temperature continues highly\\nsatisfactory, and the machines give full evidence of lasting qualities\\nunder daily use.\\nW. A. Henry,\\nDean and Director.\\n3^", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HIGHEST PRIZE HONORS\\nTHE DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS have\\nreceived nearU- Two Thousand Prizes, Medals, Awards\\nand Diplomas, during the twenty years the}- have been before\\nthe public. Five hundred of these awards have been Prizes\\nand Medals from Fairs and P^xhibitions of marked impor-\\ntance. The collection is representative of every World s Fair\\nand International Exposition during such period, every State\\nand almost every county of the United States, and every\\ncivilized country and province in the world.\\nAt the World s Fair, Chicago, in 1893, the De Laval\\nCream Separators were solely selected by the Official Com-\\nmittee of Experts and Experiment Station Representatives\\nfor use in the Practical Working Dairy of the Great Fair,\\nwhere their work received the highest possible commenda\\ntion. And in the Exhibition Department they received\\nexceptional Plonors in -being awarded the only Medal and\\nDiploma regularly given to centrifugal creaming apparatus.\\nIn the later World s Expositions, at Antwerp in 1894\\nand Brussels in 1897, the De Eaval machines well sustained\\ntheir previous Fair and Exposition record and further\\ndemonstrated their overw^helming international superiority.\\nThey received the Grand Prizes at each of such expositions.\\nAt the Trans-Mississippi Exposition, Omaha, last 3^ear,\\nwhile there was no competitive separator contest, the Alpha\\nDe Laval machines received the only Gold Medal awarded\\nexclusively on cream separators.\\nThe most important practical operation contest between\\nseparators in recent years was conducted b} the Royal\\nAgricultural Society of England at its 1899 Annual Show at\\nMaidstone, Kent, in June. The Alpha De Laval machines\\neasily won First Prizes in both hand and power classes.\\n39", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "TESTIMONIALS\\n^HE DE LAVAL ^^BABY CREAM\\nSEPARATOR testimonial letters have\\nlong since outgrown the possibilities of catalogue\\nprinting. The number on file is fully 25,000,\\nand it would take the average reader a year to\\nread them.\\nThese letters of practical experience, how-\\never, are very interesting and instructive, since\\nthey are illustrative of what has been the actual\\nexperience of every user of a Baby Separator,\\nand what must be the experience of every new\\nuser having use for such a machine. They form\\nthe most practical sort of an education in the\\ngeneral and indisputable advantages of cen-\\ntrifugal separation.\\nTherefore, a number of the very newest of\\nthese letters, selected as coming from represent-\\native and widely known dairymen in different\\nsections, and as covering all the different branches\\nof dairying and varying conditions under which\\nseparators are used, are printed in current\\nmonthly pamphlets which will be cheerfully\\nsent to any one on request\\n40", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "GOLD MEDAL\\nTRANS-MISSISSIPPI EXPOSITION\\nOMAHA, 1898", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nMAR 19 1900\\n000 899 789 5\\nSOLE MANUFACTURERS\\nTHE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR COMPANY\\nGENERAL OFFICES\\n74 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK\\n^4\\nWESTERN OFFICES, STORES AND SHOPS\\nRANDOLPH CANAL STREETS, CHICAGO, ILL-\\nPACIFIC COAST OFFICES\\n103 105 MISSION ST., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.\\nBRANCH OFFICES\\n1102 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.\\nGENERAL CANADIAN AGENCY\\nTHE CANADIAN DAIRY SUPPLY CO.\\n327 COMMISSIONERS ST., MONTREAL\\nGENERAL EUROPEAN OFFICES\\nAKTIEBOLACET SEPARATOR, STOCKHOLM\\nAMERICAN FACTORIES\\nPOUCHKEEPSIE, N. Y.", "height": "3368", "width": "2203", "jp2-path": "alphadelavalbaby00dela_0044.jp2"}}