{"1": {"fulltext": "F279\\n.04 A8", "height": "2885", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": ".v-^\\n!rf^d^!Jw .-c", "height": "2885", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "o\\nr.\\n^^0^\\n^oK", "height": "2885", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2895", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2895", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2895", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "SHORT SKETCH\\nOF\\nCHARLESTON, S. C\\nHOW IT FARED IN TWO WARS\\nAND AN EARTHQUAKE\\nISSUED BY\\nTHE ATLANTIC COAST LINE", "height": "2895", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Library of Congffi\\nOffice of tilt\\nM4Y4-1900\\nRegister of Copyrlgk(%\\nTHIRD EDITION.\\nFIRST EDITION PUBLISHED IN 1886.\\nSECOND COPY. CU^^^.^f^\\nCopyrighted, 1900,\\nBY THE ATI^ANTIC COAST I,INE.", "height": "2895", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "SHORT SKETCH\\nOF\\nCHARLESTON, S. C", "height": "2895", "width": "2000", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CHARLESTON.\\nIT IS related of a young man who was about setting out on his first\\ntrip to Europe, that he was so elated as to be hardly able to\\nthink or speak of anything else, insomuch that after purchasing\\ncertain articles for his journey, he turned away without waiting for\\nhis money to be changed. The tradesman called after him: Sir,\\nyou have forgotten your change.\\nWell, never mind, replied the youngster, dreamily, you can\\nhand it to me in London.\\nBut, rejoined the dealer, I am not going to London.\\nNot going to London! exclaimed the bewildered youth, then\\nwhere on earth are you going?\\nSo of those visiting our Southern States, it is hard to understand\\nwhere on earth are you going if not to Charleston?\\nOn this side of the Atlantic one can hardly find a city offering\\nmore to interest than Charleston, whether considered historically,\\nsocially or physically.\\nHISTORY.\\nIt is old as cities go in America, its settlement in its present loca-\\ntion dating back to 1677, but it was not incorporated under the name\\nof Charleston until 1783. Previously to that it had been called\\nCharles Town, named in honor of the very virtuous king of Great\\nBritain, Charles IL, who, by charter in 1663, was graciously pleased\\nto grant to certain Lords Proprietors a vast region, larger\\nthan his own tight little island, comprising both the Carolinas\\nand a great deal more besides, of whose real extent either he or\\nthey knew very little. The trifling circumstance that the land was", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON. 7\\nnot his to give was of small consequence. Charles was hard up,\\nif it be proper to apply that expression to royalty, and there, as\\nelsewhere in America, it was expected of the colonists to quiet both\\nthe question of title and the real owners at the same time, if\\nneed be.\\nThe names or titles of these Lords Proprietors are preserved in\\nthe two Carolinas in the names of counties, rivers, etc., as, for in-\\nstance, the rivers Ashley and Cooper; the counties of Berkeley and\\nColleton in South Carolina; the towns and counties of Beaufort in\\nboth States; Albemarle Sound and the counties of Carteret, Craven\\nand Granville, in North Carolina, and others.\\nTheir names remain, but their authority was of short duration,\\nthe government of the Province of Carolina having been trans-\\nferred to the Crown in 1719 so far as it concerned Charleston and\\nSouth Carolina.\\nIn 1685 and thereafter came the Huguenots from France, after the\\nrevocation of the Edict of Nantes. Not cordially welcomed at first,\\nthey soon became, as their descendants have continued to be,, one of\\nthe best elements of population here as elsewhere.\\nAnd so the little city grew amid trials and drawbacks of Indian\\nand foreign wars, but steadily prospering until the days of the\\nREVOLUTION,\\nin which it was very conspicuous and sorely tried. There was a tea\\nparty here, as elsewhere in the colonies, in 1773. The sale of the\\ntaxed article by its consignees was strictly forbidden, and the car-\\ngoes that were landed were stored in damp cellars, where the tea\\nsoon spoiled. On the 3d of November, 1774, other cargoes were\\nthrown overboard in daylight without attempt at disguise. But it\\nwas not until 1776 that the storm of the Revolution burst in full fury\\nupon Charleston. Bravely was it met, and for a time, at least, the", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "8 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\ntide of war was turned aside. In June of that year, attacks both by\\nsea and land were planned for the capture of the city, but both\\nwere foiled. On the 28th, Admiral Sir Peter Parker, with a large\\nfleet, heavily armed and n:anned, attempted to reduce one of the\\nharbor defences, a work on Sullivan s Island then known as Fort\\nSullivan, but afterwards, in honor of him who commanded in its\\ngallant defence, called\\nFORT MOULTRIE.\\nThe admiral was beaten ofif with severe loss. One of his ships\\nhe had eight in action was destroyed, others were badly crippled,\\nand all by a greatly inferior force in an unfinished fort, with an\\narmament lighter in weight and less in number.\\nIt was in this action that Sergeant Jasper, one of the garrison,\\nsprang from the outer wall of the fort to regain the flag, which had\\nbeen cut aw-ay by a cannon shot, and replanted it upon the parapet\\nunder a very heavy fire, exclaiming as he did so: Don t let s fight\\nwithout a flag.! j\\nThe brave fellow was afterwards killed at the siege of Savannah,\\nin October, 1779, and a handsome monument on the battery in\\nCharleston, called the Jasper Monument, commemorates his gal-\\nlantry and devotion, and that of his comrades who acquitted them-\\nselves so well in those days of 76. The following lines and many 1\\nothers of similar import were much sung in Charleston, in the olden\\ntime, to the tune of Yankee Doodle:\\nThe first of June the British fleet\\nAppeared off Charleston Harbor,\\nThe Twenty-eighth attacked the fort,\\nAnd wounded Young, the barber.\\n1\\nSir Peter Parker, foolish man\\nTo run himself in danger\\nDon t you think we served him right 1\\nTo treat him hke a stranger j", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON. 9\\nThe present fort stands on the site of the old one, and in its day\\nhas passed through a fiercer ordeal and become even more famous.\\nIt is in full view from the city, and but a short distance away across\\nthe beautiful bay.\\nWhile things were being made so uncomfortable for the Admiral,\\nSir Henry Clinton s troops attempted to cross to Sullivan s Island\\nfrom the south end of Long Island, to attack the fort in the rear.\\nBut they were met at the inlet by Colonel Thompson s command,\\nand were treated much as the sailors had been; and so the expedi-\\ntion was abandoned, and for three years the city and State had\\npeace.\\nTHE FIRST SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.\\nBut Charleston had not seen the last of Sir Henry. He came back\\nwith an army in February, 1780, and advancing this time by way of\\nJohn s and James Islands, crossed the Ashley River above the city\\nand laid siege to it from the rear on the main land. About the same\\ntime, the fleet, mindful of its former drubbing, ran past Fort Moul-\\ntrie, under a heavy fire, without attempting to engage it, and, in\\nconjunction with batteries erected on James Island, threatened the\\ncity from the south and west.\\nA shot from one of these batteries, that stood near the conspicu-\\nous point called the Hundred Pines, left a mark in Charleston\\nwhich may still be seen. At the intersection of Broad and Meeting\\nstreets there was then placed a statue of William Pitt, raised by the\\ngrateful colonists in recognition of that statesman s fearless espousal\\nof their cause in the British Parliament, in resisting the Stamp Act\\nand other oppressive measures.\\nA cannon shot from James Island, unmindful of the distinguished\\nstatesman at home, and of the fact that he was then upholding his\\ngovernment manfully in the pending struggle, struck the statue,", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "lo SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\ncarrying away its arm, and otherwise mutilating it. It now stands\\nin Washington Square, hard by its former location, with its beauty\\nstill sadly marred by what was a home bullet if not a home\\nthrust.\\nGeneral Lincoln, who commanded the American forces, should\\nnot have attempted to stand a siege in the city, but should have\\nsaved his little army sadly needed elsewhere while yet there was\\ntime. He was in a cul-dc-sac, without hope of relief, was largely\\noutnumbered, and his capitulation was only a question of time.\\nThis, after a brave resistance, came on the 12th of May, 1780, and\\nCharleston remained in possession of the British until December,\\n1782. It is a satisfaction to know that my Lord Cornwallis, who,\\nshortly after the fall of Charleston, succeeded to the command of\\nthe British forces in South Carolina, little more than a year there-\\nafter, to wit, in October, 1781, was compelled by Washington to\\naccept at Yorktown exactly the same terms of surrender that had\\nbeen accorded to Lincoln at Charleston, and was, moreover, re-\\nquired to make his surrender to Lincoln himself. No wonder his\\nbands played while marching out of Yorktown:\\nThe world is turning upside down.\\nWhat is said to be a relic of General Lincoln s works for the de-\\nfence of Charleston, may still be seen on Marion Square m front\\nof the citadel Academy. It is built of masonry, fenced in with an\\niron railing, and is said to have been a part of a horn-work near\\nthe centre of the defences.\\nShortly before the surrender of the city, its principal magazine, in\\na brick building still standing on Cumberland near Church Street,\\nwas endangered by the British shells. The powder was removed\\nto a room under the then Exchange, the present Post-Offtce, and\\nbricked up. There it remained undiscovered during the entire\\nBritish occupation of the city (though their provost s office was in", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\nthe same building), and was found by the Americans untouched on\\ntheir return in December, 1782.\\nOf interest in this connection is the fact that in the churchyard\\nof St. Mary s Church, on Hasel Street, are buried the Demoiselles\\nde Grasse, two daughters of the French admiral, Comte de Grasse,\\nhe who lent such efficient aid to Washington at Yorktown. They\\ncame to Charleston to escape the horrors of San Domingo, and\\ndied of yellow fever, while yet very young. A marble slab with\\nappropriate inscription marks their grave. In the inscription it is\\nmentioned that Admiral de Grasse was a member of the American\\nSociety of The Cincinnati.\\nAFTER THE REVOLUTION.\\nThe war over, prosperity gradually returned. The city grew\\napace, and the period of the war of 1812 passed without special in-\\ncident. The days of nullification, 1831-3, w^ent by, happily, without\\nserious mishap. In 1850 Charleston buried, with every mark of\\nsorrow and the greatest veneration,\\nHON. JOHN C. CALHOUN,\\nSenator, Vice-President, and South Carolina s greatest statesman.\\nHis remains lie in the cemetery of St. Philip s Church, on Church\\nStreet, and it is only within the past few years that his resting-\\nplace has been marked by the handsome monument erected by the\\nState. A cenotaph more befitting his name and fame is now in\\ncourse of erection, under the auspices of a private memorial asso-\\nciation, on Marion Square, which, when completed, will be an\\nornament to the city, and worthy the greatness of him it com-\\nmemorates, and of the love his people bear him.\\nIt is said that Mr. Calhoun s body was privately exhumed at the\\ntime of the attack on Fort Sumter by the Federal fleet in April,", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON, 13\\n1863, to be removed from the city in case of its surrender. When\\nthe fleet retired the body was buried again, and the grave has not\\nbeen disturbed since except to substitute the present monument for\\nthe old slab.\\nST. PHILIP S CHURCH,\\nor rather the parish of St. PhiHp s, is the oldest in Charleston. The\\nfirst church was built in 1681, on the corner of Broad and Meeting\\nstreets, the present site of St. Michael s. Later the location was\\nchanged to where it now stands, and in 1838 the present handsome\\nbuilding was erected. Formerly there was a fine chime of bells\\nin its steeple, but they were given during the late war to be cast\\ninto cannon, and have never been replaced.\\nMore fortunate as to its bells was\\nST. MICHAEL S CHURCH,\\nwhose interesting story will presently be told. About the middle of\\nthe last century the whole of Charles Town was divided by Act of\\nAssembly into two pariiihes; that part of the town north of Broad\\nStreet to be known as St. Philip s, and all south of that street as\\nSt. Michael s.\\nThe present church of St. Michael s was built in 1752-61, the de-\\nsign, it is said, being virtually the same as that of St. Martin s-in-\\nthe-Fields, London (which latter is believed to be a creation of Sir\\nChristopher Wren) and a quaint old edifice it is from a modern\\nstandpoint of ecclesiology, though its proportions those of the\\nsteeple especially are very fine. From the lookout in the steeple\\nthe views of Charleston and the region adjacent are extensive and\\nvery interesting. At your feet lies the city; to the north spreads\\nout the peninsula upon whose southern extremity it is built, and\\non the east are the Cooper River, with its tributary the Wando,\\nand the village of Mt, Pleasant, At the southeast lie Sullivan s", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\nIsland. Moultrieville, with its myriad of summer cottages, and Fort\\nMoultrie. Fort Sumter stands in the mouth of the harbor, only\\nthree miles distant, keeping watch as of old, grim and silent now,\\nwith a beacon light to aid the incoming ships, but no hostile can-\\nnon to forbid their entrance.\\nNear-by is Cumming s Point, the site of Battery Gregg, on the\\nnorthern end of Morris Island, and nearer to you is Fort Johnson\\non James Island names historic, all while beyond all lies the\\nmighty deep. blue and limitless.\\nCharleston alone can properly be called the City by the Sea.\\nNo other lies so near, or in such full sight of the ocean none has\\nmore beautiful water views.\\nLooking south one sees James Island and the broad Ashley\\nRiver near its junction at White Point with the Cooper, while on\\nthe west are the Ashley again, the main land of St. Andrews, and\\nWappoo Cut, which connects the Ashley with the Stono River, and\\nfurnishes inland navigation to the Sea Islands, Beaufort, Port\\nRoyal and Savannah.\\nThe steeple of St. Michael s is a conspicuous landmark, and can\\nbe seen at sea from a long distance. On account of the extensive\\nview it commands it was occupied as a Confederate signal station\\nduring the siege of Charleston, from whence the movements of the\\nFederal fleet and forces were promptly reported, and an accurate\\naccount kept of the shells thrown into the city. It was a prominent\\ntarget for the Swamp Angel and other Federal batteries, but the\\nartillerists failed in every effort to strike it. The body of the church\\nwas struck several times, but the damage done was not very great.\\nThe sexton in his manner of describing the church, and his unre-\\nlenting war upon his aspirates, leads one to believe that he is an\\nimportation from Westminster. He says in stereotyped style:", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON. 15\\nA shell passed in where is now the h-east window there was no\\nh-east window there then and h-exploded in the chancel near the\\nh-altar. Another burst h-under the h-organ loft. Ow conld they\\nso desecrate these oly places!\\nSt. Michael s chime of bells was brought from England in 1764.\\nThey were seized by the British as spoil of war and sent to England,\\nwhen they evacuated the city in 1782. The next year they were re-\\npurchased and returned to Charleston. In 1861 they were sent for\\nsafety to Columbia, remaining there until that city was taken pos-\\nsession of by General Sherman, in February, 1865. In the fire that\\nensued upon his occupation of Columbia the bells were ruined and\\ntwo of them were lost. But after the war the fragments were\\ngathered up and sent to England to the successors of those who\\nhad cast them a century before. The firm fortunately had the\\noriginal patterns from which the chime had been made, and so the\\nbells were recast, almost identical with the first, and having safely\\nmade their iifth voyage across the Atlantic, were restored amid\\ngreat rejoicing, to the steeple of St. Michael s, where, let us hope,\\nthey may be allowed at last to rest, calling the people to prayer and\\npeace, never more to be disturbed by war s dread alarms. Did ever\\nbells have a more eventful history?\\nCHARLESTON IN THE LATE WAR.\\nStanding at the junction of East and South Batteries, the beauti-\\nful promenade and park of Charleston, one can see at a glance most\\nof the points in the harbor that were conspicuous in the attack and\\ndefence of the city during the late war.\\nThe name Battery given to this charming pleasure-ground,\\nour point of observation, is historic, for here a century and a half\\nago stood Broughton s Battery, for defence against Frenchman\\nand Spaniard.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "1 6 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\nNear-by, in the Cooper River, is\\nCASTLE PINCKNBY,\\nprincipally remarkable for the absence of any castle, as the word is\\nusually understood. It was occupied by the Confederate forces as\\none of the harbor defences as early as December, i860, shortly after\\nthe evacuation of Moultrie by Major Anderson, and remained in\\ntheir possession until they abandoned the city in 1865, but it never\\ncame into action during the siege. It is now used by the National\\nGovernment as a depot for supplies, principally for the lighthouse\\ndepartment. Here probably the first blood of the late war was shed,\\none of the garrison having been killed by the accidental discharge\\nof a musket soon after the occupation of the place.\\nOn Sullivan s Island, farther away. Fort Moultrie may be seen.\\nIts revolutionary history has been given already, but it bore a prom-\\ninent part also in the troubles of our own times, and here really\\nwas committed the first hostile act of the war between the States.\\nOn the night of December 26, i860, just six days after the passage\\nof the ordinance of secession by the State convention, Major An-\\nderson, commanding at Moultrie, having first spiked his cannon\\nand burned their carriages, evacuated that fort and threw his gar-\\nrison into Sumter. This was considered a breach of faith, a viola-\\ntion of the status quo and an act of war, and the other points of\\ndefence in the harbor were promptly seized by the State forces, and\\nat Moultrie, not Sumter, was the first overt act of war. Moultrie\\ntook an active part in the reduction of Sumter by the Confederates,\\ngetting a Roland for its Oliver, and was equally active in the de-\\nfence of that fort during the several attacks upon it and its long\\nbombardment by the Federal forces. Its guns were seldom quiet\\nlong at a time during the last two years of the war. But though\\noften under heavy fire, Moultrie was never made the object of\\nespecial or persistent attack, and it escaped in great degree the trials\\nthat befel Sumter and Wagner.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON. 17\\nOutside its walls may be seen the grave of the famous half-breed\\nSeminole chief\\nOSCEOLA,\\nwho, in 1837, was treacherously captured by the United States\\ntroops, in Florida, while under flag of truce, and was held a prisoner\\nhere until he died.\\nNear-by is another grave, and of later date that of the officers\\nand crew of the monitor Patapsco, which was sunk by a Confederate\\ntorpedo, carrying down nearly all on board.\\nTo the right of Moultrie, rising directly from the water, stands\\nFORT SUMTER.\\nClarum et Venerabile Nomen.\\nIt is about three miles from the Battery in a southeasterly direc-\\ntion, and is in full view from any point of prominence in the city.\\nIt was a peculiarity of many of the engagements around Charles-\\nton that they were in sight from its wharves and buildings.\\nWhen Major Anderson occupied Sumter, after his abandonment\\nof Moultrie on December 26, i860, steps were at once taken by the\\nState authorities to strengthen the existing works and to throw up\\nothers, as well for the defence of the harbor as for the reduction of\\nthe former fort.\\nAbout daylight on the morning of April 12, i86t. General Beau-\\nregard opened fire on Sumter. An officer who watched the flight\\nof the first shell, told the writer that it seemed to hang hesitatingly\\nfor an instant over the fort before it burst, as if loath to sound the\\ntocsin of war, and with its explosion there occurred to him involun-\\ntarily Homer s description of Achilles wrath:\\nThe direful spriug- of woes imnumbered.\\nHow fully was his forecast verified!", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON. 19\\nFrom Confederate works on James, Morris and Sullivan s Islands,\\nand from a floating battery in the harbor, fire on the fort was kept\\nup for nearly two days hot shot from ]\\\\Ioultrie firing its barracks\\nand endangering the magazine. Sumter replied briskly, but was\\novermatched, and on the 13th was compelled to surrender. A\\nFederal fleet outside the harbor, that had made no attempt to aid\\nthem, received Major Anderson and his garrison on board and\\nsailed away the Confederates occupied the fort, and the war be-\\ntween the States was begun. Major Anderson carried with him\\nthe United States fiag under which he had fought, and four years\\nlater, when the Confederate forces had abandoned the fort, the same\\nfiag was again raised over Sumter. No lives were lost on either side\\nduring the action a most remarkable fact, considering the heavy\\nfire by both but in saluting their flag when it was hauled down,\\nthere were casualties to two members of the garrison from the\\nbursting of a gun,\\nCONFEDERATE DEFENCE OF SUMTER.\\nAfter their capture of the fort, the Confederates at once busied\\nthemselves to repair damages, to improve the armament, and gen-\\nerally to place the work in better posture for defence. For two\\nyears it was not molested, but upon the 7th of April, 1863, it under-\\nwent a fiery ordeal, and was made to test the efficacy of masonry to\\nresist an attack of ironclads. Upon that day the powerful Federal\\nfleet under iVdmiral Dupont, consisting of the ironclad Nezv Iron-\\nsides, and the monitors Catskill, Keokuk, Montauk, Naliant, Nan-\\ntucket, Passaic, Patapsco, and JVeehazvken advanced to the attack of\\nFort Sumter. The fort greeted their coming by a salute to its own\\nflag. Boldly the fleet came on, and soon the battle of the giants\\nwas joined. Sumter was ably seconded by Fort Moultrie and bat-\\nteries on Sullivan s and ]\\\\Iorris Islands, and without their very\\neffective assistance the demolition of its walls might have sooner\\nbegun,", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20 SK BITCH OF CHARLESTON.\\nThe fleet made no attempt to run past the fort, as was done at\\nMobile, New Orleans and Vicksburg, but kept up the fight with\\nspirit until compelled to retire beaten and much damaged. One of\\nthe monitors, the Keokuk, could hardly be kept afloat, and the next\\nday she sunk at her moorings and was lost. On board her the Con-\\nfederates found a copy of the Federal Signal Code, the key to which\\nwas learned from a prisoner, and it stood them in good stead after-\\nwards in the operations on Morris Island. In the engagement the\\nfleet fired, perhaps, a hundred shots, of which nearly one-half took\\neffect on Sumter nor was Moultrie forgotten. As in the first fight,\\nnot one of the garrison was killed, but much injury was done to the\\nwalls of the fort. This splendid action could easily be seen from\\nthe Battery and other points in the city.\\nFor about three months Sumter had comparative quiet rudely\\ninterrupted by the Federals descent on Morris Island in July, 1863,\\nand to be enjoyed no more while the war lasted. A detailed ac-\\ncount of this descent upon Morris Island will be found elsewhere\\nunder the head of Fort Wagner.\\nDuring the Federal operations on Morris Island for the reduc-\\ntion of Wagner in July-September, 1863, the fire from Sumter was\\nfound to be most effective, both in repelling assaults and in check-\\ning the slow advances by sap upon the former stronghold. This\\nwould have been cause sufficient, but for many other reasons Sum-\\nter s destruction was decreed, and General Gillmore, with every fa-\\ncility for its accomplishment, bent himself to the task.\\nEarly in August, earthworks mounting the most powerful ar-\\ntillery then known to warfare, were thrown up on Morris Island, in\\nthe line of the approaches to Wagner, varying in distance from\\nSumter, from two to two and a half miles. About the middle of\\nthe month these batteries opened, delivering their fire upon Sum-\\nter directly over Wagner and Gregg. The weight of this fire may", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "FORT SUMTER, CHARLESTON HARBOR.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "2 2 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\nbe inferred from the fact that in less than ten days more than 5,ogo\\nmissiles many of them rifled 30Q-pounders weighing in the aggre-\\ngate nearly 300 tons, were hurled at Sumter alone. Before it walls\\nof brick and stone went down like chaff, and by September ist,\\n1863, Sumter may be said to have ceased to be a factor of aggression\\nin the defences of Charleston. Its guns that were not destroyed\\nwere moved to other points in the harbor, its artillery garrison was\\nreplaced by infantry, and it could hardly be called a menace to an\\niron-clad ship of war; but there was no thought of abandoning the\\npost. As the siege went on, sand-bags took the place of stone-\\nwalls, the work of repair kept pace with that of demolition, and an\\nearthwork in all the parts exposed to fire from Morris Island re-\\nplaced the masonry, whose very debris was utilized in defence.\\nNor did the fire of the Federals cease with those September days.\\nIt was kept up at intervals until the end, and at much shorter range,\\nwhen Battery Gregg fell into their hands, knocking casemate and\\nparapet into smithereens. But though the fort could not reply, it\\nwould not yield, and it continued to show a bold front, as two\\nstorming parties attempting assaults from boats at diiTerent times\\nfound to their cost. They were repelled with loss on both occa-\\nsions by the infantry garrison, assisted by the guns of other works\\nin the harbor, one of the attacking parties leaving many prisoners\\nbehind.\\nThere were naturally many casualties from a fire so fierce and\\nlong-sustained, but the flag was saluted by a single gun as it was\\nraised and lowered morning and evening, and it continued to wave\\nover the fort until February, 1865. On the 17th of that month the\\nadvance of General Sherman, through the central part of the State,\\nand not the attacking force in front, compelled the evacuation of\\nCharleston. That night the troops were withdrawn from Sumter", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON. 23\\nand other points in the harbor, and the works they had defended\\nso long and well stood vacant.\\nThe next day a small boat, sent by the mayor of the city, brought\\nword to Admiral Dahlgren that the place was abandoned. Charles-\\nton and Sumter were won!\\nIt is worthy of note, as illustrating the relative capacity of sand\\nand masonry to resist the fire of modern artillery, that the guns\\nwhich easily demolished the stone-walls of Sumter more than two\\nmiles distant, did but little damage to Wagner, an earthwork, less\\nthan a mile away, though upon the latter their fire was heavier\\nand more concentrated, and was supplemented by a fire equally\\nheavy from the fleet.\\nNo attempt will be made to describe the scenes attending the\\nEVACUATION OF THE CITY.\\nIt may, however, interest passengers by the Atlantic Coast Line\\nto know that at its station in the city, there occurred in the midst\\nof the crowd, hurry, plunder and confusion of the evacuation, a\\nfearful explosion of ordnance stores, from which, and from\\nthe destructive fire it caused, resulted great loss of life and\\nproperty. The bodies of many of the victims were never recovered.\\nFORT JOHNSON.\\nOn James Island, northwest of Sumter, is Fort Johnson, now\\nused as a quarantine station. It is an old post antedating the Revo-\\nlution. In this fort the stamped paper was stored by the British\\nauthorities in 1765. Hearing of it, a force from Charles Town\\ncrossed to the island, took possession of the fort, overpowered the", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\ngarrison, and compelled the officer in command of a sloop of war\\nlying in the stream to receive the hated paper on board, and to\\nleave the harbor. In November, 1775, the fort engaged two British\\nships of war, but seems not to have been conspicuous in the Revolu-\\ntion after that date. It bore a brave part in the first attack upon\\nFort Sumter, and from a mortar battery in Fort Johnson the first\\nshell the signal for a general bombardment and a great civil war\\nwas thrown into Sumter on the memorable 12th of April, 1861.\\nJohnson took part also in the Confederate defence of Sumter and of\\nother points in the harbor, and was very active in aiding in re-\\nsisting the assaults upon and approaches to Fort Wagner.\\nAn attempt was made in July, 1864, by a party coming in barges\\nfrom Morris Island, to capture Johnson. The attack was easily\\nrepelled by the infantry and artillery, and many of the attacking\\nparty with their boats were captured by the Confederates. No other\\nserious demonstration was made against the fort by the Federals,\\nbut had they been successful at\\nSECESSIONVILLE,\\nFort Johnson might have fared dififerently. Secessionville is on\\nJames Island, southwest from Fort Johnson, and there, on the i6th\\nof June, 1862, was a sharp land engagement between Confederates\\nand Federals. The action was well sustained on both sides, but\\nafter several hours hard fighting the Federals were defeated, and\\nwithdrew from the island entirely. This movement was probably\\nintended as the precursor of an advance by land upon Charleston\\nand to the rear of the harbor defences, and with its success the\\nstory of Sir Henry Clinton might in some respects have been re-\\npeated.\\nMORRIS ISLAND.\\nFarther to sea beyond Fort Johnson is Cumming s Point, the", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\nnorthern end of Morris Island. This flat spit of sand extending\\ninto the ocean is indeed classic ground. Here was erected the first\\niron-clad fortification ever used in active warfare, called the Stevens\\nBattery. It was hotly engaged in the bombardment of Fort Sum-\\nter by the Confederates, and the perfect protection afforded by its\\nmetal casemates against the heavy shot of Sumter less than a mile\\naway determined the adaptation of the method to ships of war.\\nIt was adopted in the construction of the ironclad J^irgitiia, and one\\nof the results of her conflict with the Monitor in Hampton Roads\\nwas a complete revolution in naval warfare.\\nUpon Cumming s Point, too, was afterwards erected\\nBATTERY GREGG,\\nwhich had so large a share in the defence of Morris Island, the\\nseveral attacks upon Sumter, and the long siege of Wagner. It\\nsustained frequent and heavy bombardments from the Federal fleet,\\nand was twice assaulted by strong forces in barges (August and\\nSeptember, 1863), but it repulsed both attacks with loss to the\\nassailants, and was held until the evacuation of Wagner.\\nNearly a mile to the south of Gregg, on the same island, was\\nsituated\\nFORT WAGNER,\\nwhose siege of fifty-six days, from July to September, 1863, for\\nresolution and persistence in attack, and for endurance and ob-\\nstinacy in defence, has never been surpassed, if ever equaled, in an-\\ncient or modern times.\\nShortly after the occupation of Sumter by Major Anderson, in\\nDecember, i860, a battery mounting two guns was built very near\\nwhat was afterward the site of Wagner.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON, 27\\nOn the 9th of January, 1861, the\\nSTEAMER STAR OF THE WEST,\\nattempting- to enter the harbor with supplies for the garrison of\\nSumter, was compelled by shots from this battery to put to sea\\nagain. Here, therefore, more than three months before the firing\\non Sumter, was fired the first shot of the war.\\nOn the loth of July, 1863, the Federal troops, under cover of a\\nheavy fire from land batteries and from the fleet, crossed from Folly\\nIsland, drove ofif the small Confederate force, and established them-\\nselves on the South end of Morris Island, about three miles from\\nFort Wagner. The descent was admirably managed. The Federals\\nhad occupied Folly, the first island south of Morris, and separated\\nfrom it only by a narrow inlet, for some time unknown to the Con-\\nfederates; and so perfect was their discipline that the latter were\\nallowed to wreck the blockade runner Ruby, ashore in Lighthouse\\nInlet, within a cjuarter of a mile of the Federals concealed position,\\nwithout anything being done to betray the presence of troops and\\nten strong batteries making ready for the crossing to Morris Island.\\nThe day after the crossing, Wagner was assaulted by a large\\nforce, which was repulsed with heavy loss after a hard fight. Ori\\nthe iSth of July the assault was renewed. It was preceded in this\\ninstance by a terrific bombardment from land batteries mounting\\nthirty-six pieces of heavy calibre, aided by a fleet of eleven ships,\\nsix of which were iron-clad. For eight long hours they rained a\\nstorm of shot and shell upon the fort, 9,000 missiles being thrown,\\nand then the troops sprang to the attack; but it was useless\u00e2\u0080\u0094 they\\nwere again hurled back, in spite of their most gallant efforts, beaten\\nwith fearful loss; and it was seer that Wagner could not be taken\\nby assault.\\nIn these assaults the garrison of Wagner was greatly assisted by", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\nthe fire of Fort Sumter, Battery Gregg, and the works on James\\nIsland, which, though at long range, was very effective. The siege\\nnow began, and for nearly two months the toilsome approaches\\nslowly advanced the price for every foot gained and lost being\\npaid in blood until in September the trenches reached the moat\\nof the fort. During the whole of the advance by sap the fort was\\nsubjected to the heaviest of cannonades from battery and fleet by\\nday and night. On the 5th of September there were thrown inlo\\nthe fort by the land batteries alone nearly 15,000 projectiles. Wag-\\nner was no longer tenable; the gallant defence had given time for\\nthe completion of an interior line of strong works for the protec-\\ntion of Charleston; the Federal column, ready to assault on the\\nfollowing day, was not fifty yards ofT, and on the night of Septem-\\nber 7, 1863, the garrisons were quietly withdrawn from it and from\\nBattery Gregg, and Morris Island was abandoned.\\nThe troops were removed in barges, and so skilfully was the\\nevacuation conducted that the movement was not discovered by the\\nFederal forces, though they were within a stone s-throw. Two of\\nthe barges were captured by the picket boats of the fleet.\\nNothing is left to mark the spots where Gregg and Wagner\\nstood. The requiem of those who there fought and died so bravely\\nis chanted only by the sad sea waves, which have obliterated all\\nsigns of former conflict, and at Wagner have made a breach across\\nthe island, dividing it in two.\\nOn the marsh, a short distance to the north of Wagner, was\\nerected, while the siege was progressing, the famous\\nSWAMP ANGEL/\\nand other batteries, from which the city was shelled. The first shell\\nwas thrown into Charleston on the 22d of August, 1863. The\\nSwamp Angel gun is said to have burst after a few discharges.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON. 29^\\nThese batteries were a triumph of engineering skill and labor, the\\nobstacles overcome in their building being seemingly insuperable.\\nTo them were added, after the evacuation of Battery Gregg by the\\nConfederates, others at Cumming s Point, mounting guns of 20c\\nand 300 pounds calibre. From these a slow and steady shelling oi\\nthe city was kept up for nearly twenty months, with but little inter-\\nval, until the evacuation in February, 1865.\\nA shelling so severe and prolonged caused of course, much loss\\nof life and great damage to property, and for nearly a year before\\nthe evacuation of the city, its lower or southern part was in great\\nmeasure deserted.\\nThere were many other actions, both naval and military, ol\\ngreater or less importance in the neighborhood of Charleston, ac-*\\ncounts of which can hardly be compressed into an article of thir\\ncharacter. For them a more comprehensive history must be sought\\nNor its limits admit of a description of resorts and places o\\ninterest in and near the city. It may, however, be permitted tc\\nmention among others the\\nORPHAN HOUSE, r\\nthat ancient and admirable charity, whose handsome buildings and\\nexcellent management have attracted so much deserved admiration,-\\nTHE CITADEL ACADEMY,\\nthe West Point of South Carolina;\\nTHE PUBLIC SCHOOLS;\\nMAGNOLIA CEMETERY,\\nthe beautiful resting-place of the dead;\\nMAGNOLIA-ON-THE-ASHLEY,\\nin the early spring a veritable forest of azaleas and camellias.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON, 31\\nThe old church of\\nST. ANDREW,\\nnow easily accessible by the handsome new bridge across the Ash-\\nley, and though last, not least, the old colonial church of\\nST. JAMES, GOOSE CREEK,\\nnear Otranto, on the Atlantic Coast Line, fifteen miles from the\\ncity. The building is kept in very good condition, and services are\\nheld in it regularly. Over the chancel, above the high old pulpit\\nwith its quaint old sounding-board, still stand the royal arms of\\nGreat Britain. Upon the walls are hatchments and tablets of those\\nlong passed away, some of whom lie in the little graveyard outside. i\\nNear the church may be seen a dilapidated building, once the j\\nparsonage, and the, place where Mad Archy Campbell, one of\\nthe British garrison of Charleston, with pistol in hand, compelled\\nthe frightened pastor to marry him to his unwilling sweetheart.\\nThe story is graphically told in Gilmore Simms Katherine Ash-\\nton.\\nThe parish of St. James, Goose Creek, in common with other 1\\nparishes of the seaboard counties, was formerly entitled to repre-\\nsentation in the State legislature, and once in replying to the re-\\nmarks of its member, a senator from one of the western counties\\ndistricts they were then called who was not well posted in the\\nparish system or names, said that he did not understand the allu-\\ni\\nsion of the gentleman from St. Goose.\\nTo advise one to see Charleston s\\nBATTERY,\\nwhich is a battery only in name, is hardly necessary. Cela va j\\nsans dire, a sentence that in this connection may perhaps be freely i\\ntranslated to mean: One goes there without being told.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "ADDENDA.\\nTHE EARTHQUAKE.\\nSince our sketch of Charleston was prepared for the press, that\\ncity has been visited by a calamity so dreadful in its effects, that\\nits former ills and sufferings, many and great though they have\\nbeen, seem, in comparison, to be almost nothing. To a city that\\nhad twice endured the terrors of siege; that had been devastated by\\nfire, scourged by pestilence, and but little more than a year ago\\nswept by the fury of a cyclone, it remained to experience the un-\\nspeakable horror and almost utter destruction of that most awful\\nof all calamities, an earthquake.\\nAbout ten o clock on the night of August 31, 1886, was felt in\\nCharleston the first of a series of shocks of earthquake, by which\\nparts of that fair city were laid in ruins, many of its citizens killed\\nor maimed, and property destroyed or damaged to an extent that\\ncan hardly be appreciated except by those who saw for themselves.\\nIt is said that in a few seconds the casualties resulting to life and\\nlimb exceeded in number those caused in the city proper by its shell-\\ning during the entire siege of the late war, while the value of the\\nproperty destroyed will not fall short of six millions of dollars. It\\ncame without warning of any kind one of the dread features of this\\nfearful visitation to the city resting in fancied security in the quiet\\nof night, accompanied by a mighty roar, the growl as it were of\\nsome resistless, relentless demon, and in an instant almost the work\\nof ruin was done. The people seemed to realize intuitively what", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "c", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34 SKETCh OP CHARLESTON.\\nwas upon them and, as if by instinct, rushed to the streets and open\\nspaces for safety. Even there many were crushed by falling walls\\nand timbers. Such a sight as met the view of the panic-stricken\\ninhabitants as they came from their houses may be seen it cannot\\nbe described. Everywhere buildings were crumbling to the ground;\\nwalls and chimneys were toppling and falling; the earth in many\\nplaces was rent in small fissures, from which sand and water were\\nthrown; people were flying in all directions; on all sides could be\\nheard the groans of the wounded, the cries and wailing of women\\nand children, the shrieks and prayers of terrified negroes, while\\nabove all there arose the horrid roar of the earthquake, as with\\nrepeated shocks it came to complete its work of destruction. That\\nnothing might be wanting to this night of horrors, fires broke out\\nin many places, adding their lurid glare to the scenes of ruin and\\ndespair. Lamps had been overturned and broken in the deserted\\nhouses, and the oil from them bursting into flames had fired the\\ncity. The buildings in which the fire apparatus was kept had suf-\\nfered with the rest, and in spite of their utmost efforts it was long\\nbefore the brave men of the fire department could make their ma-\\nchines available; but to their eternal praise and that of the equally\\nbrave and devoted volunteers who rendered such ef^cient assistance,\\nsome of the engines were finally got to work, and notwithstanding\\nthe confusion of the surroundings and a short supply of water, the\\nfires were at last subdued.\\nFrom the night of the 31st of August up to the time of this writing\\n(October ist), shocks of earthquake of greater or less violence have\\nbeen felt at intervals in Charleston and its vicinity, but nearly all the\\nruin was wrought on that fatal first night. The shocks were plainly\\nperceptible in many other parts of the country, but their destructive\\neffects were confined almost entirely to Charleston, the neighboring\\ntown of Summerville, and to the country adjacent to both.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "^6 SKETCH OF CHARLESTON.\\nFor a time all communication with the city was cut off. and this\\nadded greatly to the distress of the situation. All the railroads were\\nbadly wrecked, telegraph wires were down far and near, and access\\ncould be had by water only.\\nThe men of Charleston, schooled to adversity and endurance,\\nwere not found wanting in this their hour of supreme trial. Rally-\\ning from the ^rst stunning blow they addressed themselves to the\\nherculean and seemingly hopeless task before them. Returning to\\ntheir ruined homes they extinguished many fires before help could\\nbe had from the fire department, women and children were taken\\nto places of safety, temporary shelters were improvised, the dead\\nwere buried, and measures were at once adopted for the succor and\\nrelief of the wounded and needy.\\nAnd to them, bravely struggling, the great heart of the American\\npeople went out in earnest and active sympathy. Aid in money and\\nsupplies was freely sent. Contributions, amounting already to over\\nhalf a million of dollars, have been received, and the end is not yet.\\nNor can the assistance be greater than the need. All will be care-\\nfully and judiciously applied; but amid such widespread destruction\\nthere cannot fail to be cases of destitution and suffering in spite of\\nthe utmost efYorts and most liberal offerings.\\nOf the places in the city described in our sketch all were more or\\nless damaged. St. Philip s Church was almost a complete ruin; S\\nMichael s was greatly injured, both in the body of the building and\\nin the spire, which latter it was feared would have to come down,\\nbut happily its much-traveled bells still hang in their accustomed\\nplace. All the public buildings were shattered to a greater or less\\nextent; the beautiful Custom-House, the Post-Office, Chamber of\\nCommerce, main Station House, City Hall, Court House, the\\nchurches of the city almost without exception. Medical College,\\nRoper Hospital, Orphan House, Citadel Academy, and very many", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "SKETCH OF CHARLESTON. 37\\nothers which our space does not admit of mentioning. Outside of\\nthe city the church of St. Andrews, and the quaint old colonial\\nchurch of St. James, Goose Creek, did not escape the general ruin,\\nbut had many of their ancient points of interest obliterated or sadly\\nmarred. Neither the shipping nor places of note in the harbor were\\ndamaged materially.\\nThe brave old city will survive this shock, too. though by far the\\nseverest blow to its prosperity and well-being it has ever received.\\nThe indomitable spirit and energy of its people will, in the future\\nas in the past, maintain it in its accustomed rank among the cities\\nof the world in spite of all obstacles, and Charleston will continue\\nas heretofore, on account of its excellent harbor, beautiful location\\nand historical interest to attract business men. pleasure seekers and\\nstudents alike.", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "P-\\n7A-. .y y", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS", "height": "2926", "width": "2052", "jp2-path": "shortsketchofcha01newy_0052.jp2"}}