{"1": {"fulltext": "9\\n-c*y", "height": "4578", "width": "2743", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LlBRAR Y OF CONGRESS\\n003 041 573 5", "height": "3867", "width": "2413", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE\\nAND ITS REQUIREMENTS IN\\nORDER THAT IT MAY\\nREAD ITSELF\\nBY\\nPRENTISS CUMMINGS\\nOF THE BOSTON BAR", "height": "3867", "width": "2413", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE\\nAND ITS REQUIREMENTS IN\\nORDER THAT IT MAY\\nREAD ITSELF\\nAN INQUIRY\\nTENDING TO PROVE A UNIVERSAL LAW\\nDEMANDED IN ENGLISH AND FOL-\\nLOWED IN THE GREEK AND\\nLATIN CLASSICS\\nBY\\nPRENTISS CUMMINGS\\nOF THE BOSTON BAR\\nCAMBRIDGE\\nprittteti at ttie Mttarstoe press\\n1900", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE\\nCLASSIFIED AND ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE\\nNUMBER OF EMPHASIZED FEET\\nWITH FOUR EMPHASIZED FEET.\\nA I\\nA2\\nA3\\nWITH TWO EMPHASIZED FEET.\\nB I\\nB 2\\nB3\\nWITH THREE EMPHASIZED FEET.\\nC I\\nC 2\\nWITH SIX EMPHASIZED FEET.\\nThe emphasized feet are shown by the heavy lines.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE\\nThis little book is privately printed to afford illustra-\\ntions for an off-hand talk before the classical instructors\\nof Harvard College but as the views intended to be\\nillustrated have never been committed even to writing,\\nand as I suppose those views to be new and important,\\nI -will make a brief statement of them with such expla-\\nnations as will make the book intelligible.\\nMany writers, including translators of Homer into\\nother forms of verse, have expressed the opinion that a\\nsuccessful translation into English hexameters would be\\nthe most satisfactory of any, but have agreed with great\\nuniformity that such a translation is impossible. Two\\nEnglishmen of distinction have published complete hex-\\nameter translations of the Iliad, and portions of Homer\\nhave been so rendered by several others but a passage\\nin the recently published life of Tennyson voices, I\\nthink, the general opinion that their efforts, considered\\nas a whole, are failures.\\nThe writer is one of those who believe with Matthew\\nArnold that no translation of Homer into other than\\nhexameter verse can fitly represent that great author;\\nand furthermore that such a rendering is not impossible,\\nthough no doubt the difficulties are great. I am not\\nready to concede that the English language has such\\nlimitations as to make hexameter in our tongue mathe-", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "2 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nmatically impossible and unless it be mathematically\\nimpossible, it is not impossible at all. It may require\\nthe work of generations, and revision after revision of\\nthe work of previous men, to produce really satisfactory\\nresults but scholars will never rest satisfied till it is\\ndone. Probably the originals required the labor of cen-\\nturies to bring them to perfection, and I do not mean\\nby this to imply acceptance of all Wolfe s theories.\\nSeveral years ago the writer began to make hexameter\\ntranslations of stray passages of Homer, at first merely\\nas studies of the nature and difficulties of the versifi-\\ncation but becoming interested in the work, he later\\ndesigned completing the Iliad if he lived long enough,\\nhoping, to use a lawyer s expression, his rendering might\\nbe good enough to amend by. A vast amount of\\nelementary work must be done for some genius, without\\nthe drudgery which geniuses are supposed to abhor, to\\nwork over later into a true English classic and I was\\nwilling to do the drudgery if able. It is conceded that\\nHomer is one of the three great authors of the world\\nand a really good rendering of him into English is still\\nunwritten. The prose translations of him are to me the\\nbest yet made but prose has great limitations, and\\nHomer was a poet.\\nOne single word about the difficulties of hexameter\\nin English, which appear to be grievously misunder-\\nstood. The one most frequently urged is the lack of\\nspondees. James Russell Lowell once said humorously\\nthat beef -steak was the only spondee in the language\\nbut this remark is not quite true, and is based upon the\\nerroneous assumption that real spondees are essential.\\nA line like the following (which I must not be sup-\\nposed to recommend),", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 3\\nThus they all day long till on came bright-hued sunset,\\nhas at least four true spondees and two monosyllables\\ncoming together often, and a compound word formed\\nof two monosyllables generally, make true spondees.\\nBut in point of fact trochees in English make more satis-\\nfactory verse than spondees though spondees can be\\nused freely in every foot except the sixth, where the\\neffect is clumsy, and in a spondaic line the fifth foot\\nshould always be a* strong spondee. Counting the vow-\\nels and consonants of seven lines of Homer, of Virgil,\\nand of English hexameter discloses the fact that each\\nhas about one hundred and twenty vowels but while\\nHomer has about a hundred consonants, Virgil will have\\nabout one hundred and thirty, and the English about\\ntwo hundred. If printed in the same type a line of\\nVirgil would be about fifteen per cent, longer than a\\nline of Homer, and the English line about fifty per cent,\\nlonger, the additional length consisting of consonants.\\nIn consequence of these consonants the Latin is much\\nmore spondaic than Homer but while in English the\\nconsonants neither affect quantity nor accent, and so\\nfrequently are not pronounced or are slightly pronounced\\nthat the tendency is to become as dactylic as Homer,\\nyet it is liable to lack his lightness of movement. In\\nfact it is likely to become as trail-footed as Homer s\\ncattle. The frequent use of the trochee tends to remedy\\nthis and if the views hereinafter set forth are correct,\\nthere is reason to believe that the ancients accented the\\nictus syllable of spondees very much as we do.\\nNor is it a difficulty with us, as I have seen it stated,\\nthat English is lacking in short, unaccented words,", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "4 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nwhich are so numerous in Homer. On the contrary,\\nI think our use of the article, and more frequent use\\nof prepositions and auxiliary verbs, give us more of such\\nuseful words than either of the ancient tongues. A\\nmuch greater difficulty, if attempt be made for a line-\\nfor-line translation, grows out of the fact that we do not\\nnaturally use so many long words as we find in Latin and\\nGreek, and for that reason lack syllables to complete\\nthe line and are tempted to fill in extraneous matter.\\nThis difficulty is to a great extent met by Matthew\\nArnold s suggestion, that a translation requires much\\nnot actually expressed in the words of the original to\\nmake it perspicuous and in my experience the difficulty\\nof compressing lines is quite as frequent as the other.\\nHomer himself manifestly used, omitted, and varied his\\nepithets to suit metrical convenience, and varied proper\\nnames for the same reason, and I can see no good reason\\nwhy a translator cannot do the same and yet be faithful.\\nI will add that while it greatly helps the translator to\\nuse the old and lengthened forms of the verb, as doeth\\nfor does, I do not think it necessary therefore to be\\nabsolutely consistent in such use, for Homer is not, but\\nnot infrequently employs shorter forms of the verb, and\\nthe short termination of the genitive, and sometimes\\nboth forms in the same sentence.\\nThere are, however, two difficulties to which most\\nhexameter writers have succumbed. The first is that\\nof avoiding a diaeresis at the end of the third foot. I\\nam sure I speak within bounds when I say that in\\nHomer and Virgil such a pause does not occur on the\\naverage once in a hundred lines and two or three lines\\nof that kind on a page spoil the whole as effectually as", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 5\\na drop of water spoiled the punch for Father Tom.\\nThis difficulty can be avoided and it must be avoided\\nor the spirit of the verse is gone.\\nThe second difficulty is much greater, and indeed sur-\\npasses all other difficulties combined, that of begin-\\nning every line with an accented syllable. Longfellow\\ncalls attention to this in his diary, but did not always\\nlive up to his own standard. With some exceptions to\\nbe noted later, a line cannot begin with a conjunction,\\npreposition, or the article, or an auxiliary verb and as\\nthe position of words in English is absolutely fixed in\\nmany cases, there is danger that the line will become\\ncrabbed in the effort to avoid this embarrassment. This\\ntrouble is greatly enhanced owing to the fact that the\\nprevailing verse in our language is iambic, and our\\npoetic diction and forms of expression are not adapted\\nto trochaic lines. The first syllable in the line need not\\nbe strongly accented, but must be sufficiently so to\\nmake the first foot an accented spondee or dactyl, or the\\nlaw of the verse is as much violated as if in rhymed\\npoetry every now and then the lines do not rhyme.\\nAccent should not be sacrificed for the sake of quan-\\ntity but where the accent falls on the long vowel, and\\nthe short vowel is unaccented, it no doubt adds rapidity\\nand smoothness.\\nIn the discussion that took place nearly forty years\\nago wherein Matthew Arnold was so prominent, much\\nwas said respecting the necessity that hexameter verse\\nshould be so constructed as to read itself. I under-\\nstand that by this is meant that the rhythm of the line\\nshould accord with the sense, or in other words, that\\nthere should be no forcing of accent or emphasis in", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "6 HEXAMETER VERSE\\norder to make the line harmonious. Unless hexameter\\nreads itself in the sense indicated, I suspect it will have\\nfew other readers. What the requirements of the verse\\nare in order that it may read itself have never been\\nstated, so far as I am aware and it so happens that I\\nhave been led to make a study of the question, and in\\nthis book undertake to give the answer. In order to be\\nreadily understood, although the necessity of using so\\nmuch the pronoun of the first person is to be regretted,\\nI will state briefly how the problem was forced on\\nmy attention, and the circumstances leading to what\\nI believe to be a solution.\\nI began my study of hexameter with the supposition\\nthat caesuras, diaereses, and proper arrangement of dac-\\ntyls and spondees, and care that every ictus syllable\\nshould be an accented syllable, were all that was neces-\\nsary to make the verse read itself, and, so far as mere\\nmechanical construction was concerned, harmonious. I\\nwas surprised, however, to find that that was not always\\nthe case, and could not understand the reason. The\\nfollowing are some of my earliest attempts, which I give,\\nnot as being satisfactory by any means, but to show how\\nI was put upon inquiry. Later a comparison will be\\nmade between these attempts and the original, wherein\\nit will appear that Homer conformed to the law as I now\\nunderstand it to be with absolute rigor, which I did not,\\nand yet I surmise he simply had a good ear for rhythm\\nand knew of no such law.\\nThe lines are numbered consecutively for convenient\\nreference.\\nSing, O goddess, the wrath of the son of Peleus, Achilles,\\nto Achaian\\nnumbered\\nWrath to Achaians accursed, and fraught with sorrows un-", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 7\\nMany a mighty soul to darkness it hurried untimely,\\nMany a hero s corse made prey to dogs and to vultures,\\nWhile to the end great Zeus wrought out his unfaltering\\npurpose 5\\nTake up the song where first the twain were parted in quar-\\nrel,\\nEven Atreides, of heroes the lord, and Achilles the godlike.\\nGenerations of men are like to the leaves of the forest\\nLeaves of to-day to earth by the winds are strewn, but to-\\nmorrow\\nNew leaves start in the woodlands, they quicken, and lo, it\\nis springtime i o\\nSo generations of men, one cometh, another departeth.\\nOn it the earth he wrought, and on it the sea, and the hea-\\nvens,\\nAlso the moon at her full, and the sun that wearieth never\\nOn it, moreover, the signs as many as garland the heavens,\\nEven the Pleiads, the Hyads, the mighty hunter, Orion, 15\\nAlso the great she-bear whose second name is the wagon,\\nHer that turneth on high and Orion eternally watcheth,\\nHer that alone of the signs avoideth the baths of the ocean.\\nI naturally tried at the outset to be very literal, and\\nwas much dissatisfied with the first line. The particu-\\nlar rhythmic difficulty which I felt was in the fourth\\nfoot, and for a long time I supposed the trouble was\\nthat the foot was a weak spondee and the suggestion\\nmade in some grammars that probably the ancients laid\\na slight stress upon the first and fourth feet naturally\\npresented itself. The supposition that that was a re-\\nquirement, however, was negatived by the very next", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "8 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nline wherein the fourth foot fraught with is also a\\nweak spondee, and yet that line so far as harmony was\\nconcerned seemed to me well enough. Again, in the\\neighth line, the fourth foot like to was weak; and\\nagain, in the fifteenth line mighty was also weak;\\nbut the lines were not on that account unsatisfactory.\\nNaturally wishing a good first line for the Iliad I re-\\ncurred to it again and again, wondering what the trouble\\nwith it was. It finally came over me that if the sense\\nwere such that the words son of were strongly em-\\nphasized the peculiar difficulty I felt would disappear\\nand at length I came to see that there was some metri-\\ncal problem to be solved to make a line read itself,\\nand that this problem in some way involved emphasis.\\nBecoming satisfied that my translation would not even\\nbe good enough to amend by until it was solved, in\\nApril, 1899, I stopped translating and turned to Longfel-\\nlow s Evangeline to see if I could get any light.\\nThe first line I emphasized as follows\\nThis is the forest primeval, the murmuring pines and the\\nhemlocks,\\nand I will add that I never heard it read otherwise. I\\nhad thus emphasized four words, and the line was satis-\\nfactory so far as the ear was concerned but when referred\\nto the understanding I could see no reason why pines\\nshould not be emphasized as much as hemlocks, nor\\nwhy the epithet murmuring should be emphasized\\nat all. Some mysterious rhythmic force had compelled\\nme to emphasize two words wrongly in the second half\\nof the line. I then had the curiosity to examine the first\\nhalf, and soon satisfied myself that so far as the under-", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 9\\nstanding was concerned this should not be empha-\\nsized, but instead the emphasis should fall on forest.\\nThus four out of the six feet were wrongly read. Much\\nmystified, I mechanically read aloud the words\\nThis is the forest primeval,\\nand found to my astonishment that instinctively I then\\nread the second half of the line\\nthe murmuring pines and the hemlocks.\\nIf the reader has an ear for rhythm and will test for\\nhimself the two ways of reading that line, he will find I\\nwas correct. I had the key to the mystery.\\nIt was evident that the way the first half of the line\\nwas read determined the way the second half must be\\nread to make it harmonious. Furthermore, I had dis-\\ncovered two forms of line in which, if the emphatic\\nwords were properly placed, the line would read itself\\nthat is to say, in a line with the caesura dividing the\\nthird foot four emphasized words might be placed two\\nin each half of the line, with their accented syllables\\nforming the ictus syllable of the first, third, fourth, and\\nsixth feet, or the second, third, fifth, and sixth feet\\nand one of these lines was just as good as the other.\\nThe only other arrangement of four such words that\\nwould balance would be where their accented and ictus\\nsyllables came in the first, second, fourth, and fifth\\nfeet and without hunting for such a line but merely by\\nforcing the emphasis in the line above given, I ascer-\\ntained that that arrangement would also form a harmo-\\nnious line and two familiar lines of Virgil, where the\\nemphasized words are similarly arranged if we can judge", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nby the way we emphasize the translation, occurred to me\\nat once\\nTrOS Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur.\\nArma virumque cano, Trojae qui primus ab oris.\\nI also ascertained in a few minutes, simply by practice\\non Longfellow s line, that if I emphasized the first, sec-\\nond, or third foot only in the first half, I should in like\\nmanner emphasize in the second half either the fourth,\\nfifth, or the sixth foot only.\\nThe reader by testing the matter himself will be satis-\\nfied, I think, that I was correct. On a later page illus-\\ntrations of all these forms of lines will be given. I soon,\\nwith this start, jumped to the conclusion that where there\\nwere but three emphatic words in the line, they would\\nbe arranged in alternate feet that is, in the first, third,\\nand fifth foot, or in the second, fourth, and sixth which\\nwas correct, but I wrongly inferred that in such case the\\ncaesural pause would either divide or come at the end of\\nthe second or fourth foot. In point of fact, I have finally\\nascertained that the caesural pause does not affect the\\nquestion at all, although it usually divides the third foot\\nwhen there are an equal number of emphasized feet, and\\noccurs somewhere else where the number is unequal.\\nThe caesuras and diaereses, however, are mere accidents,\\nand the different kinds of line should properly be classi-\\nfied according to the number and arrangement of em-\\nphasized feet they contain.\\nLater I found by investigation that in addition to the\\neight forms of line above given, there was a ninth, gov-\\nerned by the same principle however, in which all six\\nof the feet are emphasized. A line otherwise correct", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE II\\nand written in accordance with any of these nine forms\\nwill be absolutely harmonious and will read itself.\\nBut if written in any other way it will be inharmonious\\nand, if it be tolerably near correct, the reader will force\\nthe emphasis in the way that does least violence to the\\nunderstanding until he brings it within one of these\\nforms, and most likely will be unconscious of the forcing\\nprocess. It is impossible for a person with an ear for\\nrhythm to read otherwise the difficulty being much the\\nsame a musical person would have in singing off the key.\\nAll these statements it is important the reader should\\nverify for himself.\\nThe diagram on p. 12 shows visually the nine stand-\\nard forms of hexameter verse, with a classification based\\non emphasis and each line is designated by a letter for\\nconvenient reference.\\nThe reader will observe that I speak of emphasized\\nfeet. At the outset I rashly assumed that it was only\\nwords with an ictus syllable which were emphasized, and\\nthis mistake led to much error and discouragement. In\\nfact, as a rule it is only words with the ictus that are\\nemphasized but not infrequently it happens that short\\nwords, appended to a preceding word with an ictus, are\\nthemselves emphasized and give character to the foot.\\nIn such case, more frequently both words are empha-\\nsized, as in the following examples\\nClose at their sides their children ran, and urged on the\\noxen.\\nTherefore trust to thy heart, and to what the world calls\\nil/^sions\\nand similar illustrations appear on every page of the\\nclassical authors.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE\\nCLASSIFIED AND ARRANGED. ACCORDING TO THE\\nNUMBER OF EMPHASIZED FEET\\nWITH FOUR EMPHASIZED FEET.\\nWITH TWO EMPHASIZED FEET.\\nWITH THREE EMPHASIZED FEET.\\nA I\\nA 2\\nA3\\nB I\\nB 2\\nB3\\nC I\\nC 2\\nWITH SIX EMPHASIZED FEET.\\nD\\nThe emphasized feet are shown by the heavy lines.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 1 3\\nLess frequently the word without an ictus is empha-\\nsized when the preceding word is not, and such lines are\\nless pleasing, but they are admissible in English and not\\nuncommon with the ancients. The following lines from\\nKingsley and Longfellow are illustrations\\nYet one fault I remember this day one word have I spoken.\\nAll things were held in amnion, and what one had was an-\\nger s.\\nDaughter, thy words are not idle, nor are they to me without\\nmeaning.\\nSuch feet, in which the second half only is emphasized,\\nmay, as here, and often do correspond with a foot in\\nwhich the ictus syllable is emphasized.\\nThe following four consecutive lines from Longfellow\\nillustrate the three A forms\\nThus passed a few swift years, and they no longer were chil-\\ndren.\\nHe was a valiant youth, and his face like the face of the niorn-\\ning,\\nGladdened the earth with its light, and ripened thought into\\naction.\\nShe was a woman now, with the heart and hopes of a woman.\\nThe following lines represent B i\\nNot so thinketh the folk in the village, said, warmly, the\\nblacksmith.\\nGaily the old man sang to the wbrant sound of his fiddle.\\nThe following are illustrations of B 2 and B 3 from\\nKingsley and Longfellow\\nAll day long they cast, till the house of the monarch was\\ntaken,", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "14 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nCepheus, king of the land and the faces of all gathered\\nblackness.\\nThen once more they cast and Cassiq^da was taken.\\nTalk not of wasted affection, affection never was wasted.\\nBind her aloft for a victim, a prey for the gorge of the mon-\\nster,\\nFar on the sea-girt rock, which is washed by the surges for\\never.\\nThe following lines contain illustrations of C I\\nSunsnlne of Saint Eulalie was she called for that was the\\nsunshine\\nWhich, as the farmers believed, would load their orchards\\nwith apples.\\nSweetly over the village the bell of the ^gelus sounded.\\nThe following illustrate C 2\\nFragments of song the old man sang, and carols of Christmas^\\nSuch as at home, in the olden time, his fathers before him\\nSang in their Norman orchards.\\nThe following illustrate D, in which all the feet are\\nemphasized, or, what practically amounts to the same\\nthing, none are emphasized\\nNo King George of England shall drive you away from your\\nhomestead\\nBurning your dwellings and barns, and stealing your farms\\nand your cattle.\\nIn pursuing my investigations I personally was so much\\nembarrassed by ignorance of the principles of emphasis,\\nthat I shall take the liberty of saying a few words upon\\nthat subject. If there be any really good book upon", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE I 5\\nemphasis, I have failed to find it, but I will give a few prin-\\nciples found in Murdoch s Elocution. First, it should\\nbe remembered that words ordinarily, and in this metre\\nalways, are emphasized on but one syllable, and in Eng-\\nlish that is regularly the accented syllable. In the clas-\\nsics, the emphasis falls on the ictus of words which have\\nthe ictus, and where there is more than one ictus syllable\\nit always falls on the first only. I suspect it is ignorance\\nof the fact that only one syllable of a word is affected by\\nemphasis, which, though obvious when stated, may not\\nhave been actually formulated in the minds of men learned\\nin the classics, that has prevented the truth from being\\nperceived. In many cases where a long word is partly\\nin three feet, and in a few cases even has three ictus\\nsyllables, it has not occurred to them that only one sylla-\\nble need be placed to determine the emphasis, and hence\\nthe orderly succession in the nine forms above given has\\nnot been suggested.\\nSometimes in English, when a distinction is made by\\nthe use of two words differing only in one syllable, the\\nemphasis is effected by transferring the accent to those\\nsyllables, though it does not normally belong there, as\\nsins of ^mmission and sins of amission. That is\\nnot done by Virgil in the following lines, where there is\\na play upon the names Casmilla and Camilla\\nPulsus ob invidiam regno viresque superbas\\nPriverno antiqua Metabus cum excederet urbe,\\ninfantem fugiens media inter proelia belli\\nSUStulit exilio comitem, matrisque vocavit\\nnomine Casmillae mutata parte Camillam.\\nAen. XL 539-543-\\nObserve, also, how the emphasis is taken from infantem\\nby comitem, which follows as a predicate.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "1 6 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nSometimes in the classical tongues there is a contrast\\nmade by using the same word in different cases, but the\\nemphasis, as elsewhere, falls on the ictus syllable and\\nnot on the terminations as such. In W. C. Lawton s re-\\ncent book on the Successors of Homer (and I mention\\nMr. Lawton honoris causa) are the following lines\\nEven the potter is jealous of potter, and craftsman of crafts-\\nman\\nEven the beggar is grudging to beggar, and poet to poet.\\nThe original appears to be emphasized as follows\\n/cai /c\u00e2\u0082\u00acpa\\\\ievs fcepa\\\\L\u00c2\u00a3i tcoreei ical tIktovl tzktcov,\\nkclL 7TT(Dybs 7tto))(c3 (f 6oveet kcu aoiSo? aoihco.\\nIf Hesiod s order is retained the true emphasis will be\\npreserved\\nEven the potter of potter is jealous, and craftsman of crafts-\\nman\\nEven the beggar to beggar is grudging, and poet to poet.\\nI call attention to this passage to show that in the origi-\\nnal, while in the first pair of contrasted words in each\\nline the emphasis falls on the terminations (wherein the\\nwords differ), in the second pair it falls on the first ictus\\n(wherein they are alike) and also because it affords a\\ngood illustration of the principle stated later, that where\\nwords carry with them the sense of omitted words they\\nmust be emphasized to suggest the unexpressed idea.\\nIn this case the meaning intended to be conveyed is\\nthat every potter is jealous of every other potter; and if\\nthe full expression had been used the second potter\\nwould not have been emphatic, but owing to the omis-\\nsion it should be emphasized. I will not undertake to", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE I 7\\nsurmise how Mr. Lawton reads his lines, but am sure he\\nforces them into one of the preceding nine forms, and in\\nso doing he must either emphasize some word, or fail to\\nemphasize some word, wrongly. This passage is also\\ninstructive as showing the practical usefulness of my\\ntheory if true. These lines are preceded by Hesiod with\\nthe statement that rivalry is good for mortals and\\ncritics have declared that these two lines were an inter-\\npolation, on the ground that jealousy and grudging are\\nnot good for mortals but the force of this criticism is\\nmuch lessened by the consideration that the objection-\\nable words are not the emphatic words, but are subordi-\\nnate to the leading thought that this spirit of emulation\\npervades all classes.\\nThis emphasis may be effected by stress, or by length-\\nening the vowel sound of the significant syllable and I\\nhave an impression, which is of course a mere theory,\\nthat in the classics the lengthening of the emphasized\\nsyllable was more frequent, and may have been accom-\\nplished without interfering with the ordinary accent of\\nthe word which was effected by stress. This theory, if\\ncorrect, would account for the apparent inconsistency\\nbetween ictus and accent. Quintilian states that the\\npoets lengthened the short vowels of certain words, as\\nthe I in Italia, and it is on that letter that the word\\nis emphasized, although under Quintilian s rule the acute\\naccent would fall on the second syllable. The fact that\\nhe speaks of it as the acute accent may be owing to\\nthe fact that words had another accent caused by length-\\nening the vowel on which emphasis would be placed.\\nIn this way it may be possible that the poetry of Homer\\nand Virgil could be read metrically, and yet not be incon-", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "1 8 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nsistent with the customs of speech. It has always\\nseemed impossible that these ancient poems could have\\nbeen read in an utterly sing-song fashion, and yet been a\\nliving force to their readers and hearers.\\nThe principal use of emphasis is to distinguish some-\\nthing as distinct or opposite to some other thing. Where\\nsuch antithesis is expressed it is usually easy to detect\\nthe emphasized words but in many cases the antithesis\\nis only implied, and the implication is effected by empha-\\nsizing strongly a word which would not be emphasized\\nat all if the additional words necessary to complete the\\nidea had also been used. I have called attention to this\\nin a preceding example, and other instances occur in the\\nillustrations that follow.\\nAgain, words may be emphasized simply to express\\nstrong emotion, or to designate some particular thing,\\nwhen no distinction is intended.\\nAgain, words sometimes are emphasized simply to\\nbring out a grammatical relation which otherwise might\\nbe obscured by an intervening clause and in such case,\\nthe emphasis seems to be due to the fact that the mind\\nis thus held in suspense during the interval. This is\\ntechnically termed an emphatic tie, and Murdock\\ngives the following as an illustration\\nAnd Jura answers, through her misty shroud,\\nBack to the joyous Alps, that called to her aloud.\\nUnder this principle of the emphatic tie even connec-\\ntives like and or but may not only begin a hexa-\\nmeter line, but may be emphasized words in cases where\\na comma properly follows them, owing to an inversion in\\nthe sentence which holds the mind in suspense", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 19\\nAnd, as they turned at length to speak to their silent compan-\\nion,\\nLo from his seat he had fallen.\\nVirgil emphasizes atque under the same conditions in the\\nfollowing passage from the first Georgic\\nQuid tempestates auctumni et sidera dicam\\natque, ubi iam breviorque dies et mollior aestas,\\nquae vigilanda viris\\nwhich I will render,\\nWhy should I tell of the storms and ^\u00c2\u00abstellations of autumn\\nAnd, as the days grow short and the heat a zteth its fury,\\nWhat keen watch must be kept\\nThis passage, wherein atque required emphasis to corre-\\nspond with the obviously emphatic brevior and mollior,\\nwould have been a hopeless puzzle to me but for the\\nanalogy in English and prior to finding the principle\\nof the emphatic tie, I had supposed and was admis-\\nsible in such cases in the English because the comma\\ngave it quantity, and never thought of it as emphasized.\\nThe reader will observe that I emphasized constella-\\ntions on the first ictus syllable, partly for his considera-\\ntion, and partly to show the effect of the similar way of\\nemphasizing in the classical tongues. Of course it could\\nhave been rendered stars of changeable (or perfidious)\\nAutumn, or some similar epithet of waywardness but\\nexperiments with such words as impossibility, inartic-\\nulate, whithersoever, nevertheless, indicate to my\\nmind that they may without impropriety be emphasized\\non the first syllable only, and often are so emphasized\\nin familiar speech.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nAgain, in certain cases several successive words are\\nemphasized, forming what is called an emphatic phrase.\\nIn the classics such an emphatic phrase is often effected\\nby a line in form A 3 followed by a line in form A 2?\\nthus bringing four emphatic feet together and to the\\npurpose of forming an emphatic phrase the form D is\\nespecially adapted, and is often used to express a proverb\\nor some sententious saying.\\nAgain, certain words are emphasized within my mean-\\ning, and within the definition recognized by authorities,\\nwhere two or more successive words are run together in\\nspeech and pronounced, as one word. These combina-\\ntions are what are technically known as oratorical words.\\nQuintilian recognized such, and says that the second half\\nof the first line of the Aeneid was pronounced as one\\nword, and gives other illustrations. Commentators\\nseem to think Quintilian wrong in regard to the first\\nline of Virgil, and believe it is made up of at least two\\noratorical words. The emphasis in oratorical words is\\nslight, and in common speech is merely spoken of as\\naccent, but it is sufficient in poetry to make rhythm\\nand the study and mastery of oratorical words, and of\\nphrases and idioms, is essential to facility in ascertaining\\nwithin which one of the nine forms I have given, the\\nlines of the ancient classics are to be classified.\\nWords which in themselves might naturally be empha-\\nsized, frequently have the emphasis taken from them\\nbecause combined with other words. For example,\\nnouns often have the emphasis taken from them by an\\nemphatic genitive, by an adjective, or by a relative\\nclause and adjectives and verbs in the same way have\\ntheir emphasis transferred to adverbs, or an accusative", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 21\\nof specification, or other modifying word. In the same\\nway nouns transfer the emphasis to a predicate. In the\\nablative absolute consisting of a noun and a participle,\\nthe participle ordinarily takes the emphasis but where\\nit consists of two nouns, or a noun and a pronoun, the\\npredicate word is the one emphasized. Where a word\\nis repeated, it is commonly only emphasized in one in-\\nstance but this would not apply obviously where words\\nare correlative, and in fact an antithesis is intended.\\nAlthough the main object of this publication does not\\nrelate to English hexameter verse, except so far as to\\nillustrate ancient hexameter, I will make one or two sug-\\ngestions. I do not know whether the law of emphasis\\nat the base of it will add a new terror to the verse or\\nnot. I surmise, however, it will make it easier, because,\\nwhenever a verse is not satisfactory, the difficulty with\\nit, if merely rhythmic, can be perceived at once.\\nI have alluded to the difficulty of beginning lines with\\nan accented syllable and the difficulty is considerably\\ngreater of beginning any large number with an empha-\\nsized syllable consequently, the forms designated as\\nA i, A 2, B i, C i, would be employed infrequently,\\nunless much effort be made to the contrary. Our best\\nEnglish hexameter will be found on examination, so far\\nas it conforms at all to the law as I have stated it, to be\\nalmost wholly A 3 and B 3, with an occasional C 2.\\nWhile those three forms are as good as any, the constant\\nrecurrence of them is monotonous and in particular B 3\\nrecurring a number of times in succession gives a jerky\\neffect to the end line. The classical writers used freely\\nall the above forms, A 1, A 2, B 2, and both forms of\\nC being very frequent indeed. In the first eleven lines", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nof the Aeneid C i occurs four times and C 2 once cer-\\ntainly, and perhaps twice, and the first seven lines of\\nthe Iliad have two lines in the form C 1. On the other\\nhand, the form called D is peculiarly adapted to the\\nshort, pithy words of the English, and we also have the\\nshort, unaccented words to give them a setting. In the\\nother forms, Latin and Greek, from their freedom in\\nvarying the order of words, and from their practice of\\nelision, which allows the putting of two emphatic or two\\nunemphatic words into the same foot, render the separa-\\ntion of the emphatic from the unemphatic feet much\\neasier than with us. But while those tongues have\\nresources which the English does not have, I believe\\nEnglish will still have resources peculiar to itself, if they\\nare fully developed.\\nWhen I started on my quest for the law that must be\\nfollowed in order to make an English line read itself,\\nit was not within my dreams that I should find anything\\nthat governed the form of the classical models. These\\nmodels are in a language that to us is dead, and we are\\nliable to forget that the deadness is in us and not in the\\ntext but, as intimated, I had not worked out the three\\nA forms before I had begun to think of lines in Homer\\nand Virgil, lines having no words with more than one\\nictus and which admit of a word-for-word translation,\\nthat appeared to be governed by the same laws as the\\nEnglish lines. It is to be remembered also that Quin-\\ntilian treats of both accent and emphasis, and that accent\\nand emphasis are the very life of a language. We speak\\nof a foreigner as talking English with a foreign accent\\nbut in point of fact, he speaks it with little accent and\\nstill less emphasis that is, he talks his words and enun-", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 23\\nciates his syllables too much alike and it is not unnat-\\nural that we should deal with a dead language in the\\nsame way, only worse. Consequently, the very deadness\\nof the model has been considered its distinctive feature,\\nand hexameter writers in English have seemed to fear\\nanything with more life than the model had to them.\\nBut in point of fact, the ancient tongues must have had\\nliving elements similar to ours, and their hexameter\\nmust have been emphasized, and the presumption is\\nstrong that emphasis played as important a part in their\\nrhythm as with ours.\\nIt might even be thought a priori that in the set form\\nof a hexameter line emphasis in one part of it must have\\nrequired some corresponding emphasis in other parts.\\nI believe it to be an under-statement to say that the\\nancient writers conformed to the nine forms of verse\\nI have given much more rigorously than any English\\nwriter so much so, in fact, that it is not easy to believe\\nit an accident. I do not mean to imply that every line\\nstrictly conforms, but the number that do not is less\\nthan might be apprehended from corruption of the text\\nalone and the ingenuity shown in many of the lines is\\nso great that it is difficult to believe the authors were\\nnot consciously conforming to a known rule. If, how-\\never, it had been known, most likely some record would\\nhave come down to us and it is more reasonable to sup-\\npose that their conformity to law was due to a good ear.\\nPerhaps I may be pardoned for saying in support of this\\nthat many verses of my own conform to the same laws,\\nof which I was wholly unconscious and that is particu-\\nlarly true in respect to words which are emphasized\\nthough not having an ictus. The facts as to those words", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nI discovered in the classics, laboriously and slowly, and it\\nwas after I had discovered them there that I found the\\nsame things in the English not only in many lines\\nof my own, but in Longfellow and Kingsley whereof I\\nhave given illustrations above. I now feel justified in\\nsaying that there is practically nothing true of the law\\nof the verse in English, so far as emphasis is concerned,\\nwhich does not have its exact counterpart in Latin and\\nGreek.\\nReferring again to the diagram, I give the following\\nclassical illustrations of the nine different forms, but it is\\na thing almost unnecessary, for all these forms recur\\nover and over again in the pages given later, and also\\nequally in what is not given.\\nHis adjungit, Hylan nautae quo fonte relictum\\nclamassent, ut litus Hyla Hyla omne sonaret.\\nHaec memini, et victum frustra contendere Thyrsim.\\nEx illo Corydon Corydon est tempore nobis.\\nVenit summa dies et ineluctabile tempus\\nDardaniae. Fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens\\nGloria Teucrorum.\\nTorva leaena lupum sequitur, lupus ipse capellam,\\nte Corydon, o Alexi trahit Sua quemque voluptas.\\nNOS numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati.\\nOptat ephippia bOS, piger optat arare caballus.\\nRusticus, es, Corydon nee munera curat Alexis.\\nVerane te facies, verus mihi nuntius aflers\\nVivo equidem, vitamque extrema per omnia duco.\\nu Quo diversus abis iterum pete saxa, Menoete.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 25\\nNam certe ex vivo Centauri non fit imago.\\nQuam mihi das aegro dabis aegrotare timenti.\\nIliacos intra muros peccatur et extra.\\nSolus ego in Pallanta feror soli mihi Pallas\\nDebetur cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset.\\nFrigidus, o pueri, fugite hinc, latet anguis in herba.\\nHos successus alit possunt, quia posse videntur.\\nPhyllida amo ante alias mam me discedere flevit,\\net longum Formose, vale vale inquit, Iolla.\\nquae Phoebo Pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo\\npraedixit, vobis Furiarum ego maxima pando.\\nProspiciens, Nate, exclamat, fuge, nate, propinquant.\\nTriSte lupus stabulis, maturis frugibus imbres.\\nDulce satis umor, depulsis arbutus haedis.\\nAurea mala decern misi eras altera mittam.\\nForm D usually has one of the preceding eight lead-\\ning forms underlying it, since some of the words are\\nmore emphatic than others and are arranged accordingly.\\nThe line above given as an example of C2,\\nHos successus alit possunt, quia posse videntur,\\nis also a form of D and the first of the following lines,\\nwhich was an order shouted in the boat race, is also D.\\nquo tan turn mihi dexter abis hue dirige gressum\\nLitus ama, et laevas stringat sine palmula cautes\\nAltum alii teneant.\\nUna salus victis nullam sperare salutem,\\nis a form of D with Ai, or refining still farther Bi,\\nunderlying it, thus", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nUna salus victis nullam sperare salutem.\\nUna salus victis nullam sperare salutem.\\nA line consisting of four or five long words, although\\nall are emphasized, I do not regard as form D, since\\nsome of the feet must be made up of parts of words that\\nare non-emphatic.\\nThe following from Homer illustrate the other\\nforms\\nheivrj $e fcXayyy] yever apy vpeoio /3tolo.\\nkvvr)\\\\xap jxev ava CTpaTOV oS^eTO KrfXa 0eolo.\\ntt) 8ercdTT\\\\ S dyopr\\\\vcje KaXeacraro \\\\aov AxiXXeu?.\\nKpelvcrcov yap fiacnXevs, ore xaxrerat avSpl %epT|t.*\\nXpT| |J.T|V (njxotVe/ooV ye, 0ea, \u00e2\u0082\u00aciros eipvcracrOai,\\nteal fJidka irep #y|A(0 /cexoXcofievov cJ? yap d\\\\L\u00c2\u00a3lvov.\\no? tee #eois e7rtir\u00e2\u0082\u00acL^Tat, fxdXa r ZkXvov clvtov.\\nvxymos et?, co j;elv\\\\ rj T\\\\\\\\X66ev elXrjXovdas.\\n\\\\|/\u00e2\u0082\u00aci)So9 /cev (fralfiev ical vocfa^oifieOa /jlcLXXov.\\nhr[IJLo/36po /3aatXev iirel ovr ihavolcn avdaaei^\\nr\\\\ yap av, ArpetSr), vvv vcrrara Xco/3r) raio\\nto. c7 erepov fiev ZSco/ce irarrjp, erepov 6 avevevcre.\\n/3ov\\\\ofjL iyeb Xabv croov e/x/xevat rj airoXivOai\\nTe /cva (j)iX\\\\ rj rot Zr\\\\vl ftporcbv ov/c dv -u? ipi t.\\nre/cvov e/xov, rrolov ere eVo? j)vyev ep/co? obovrcov.\\nTicreiav Aavaol ep-d Sd/cpva crolcrc /3eXe jcriv.\\nr) /cev yr\\\\0rj ra,L Upia\\\\LOS UptdfjiOLo re TralSe?\\naXXot re Tpcoes \\\\iiya icev Ke^apoiaro OvfjLcp\\nel acf)(oiv Ta8e irdvra irvOolaro \\\\Lapva/jievouv,\\no l irepl fiev /3ov\\\\y\\\\v Aavacov irepl iare yidyjcvQai.\\naXXci 7rt 6\u00e2\u0082\u00accr9 d/j, f)G) 8e vearepco earov i\\\\keio.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 2J\\nThe following are stray lines often recurring in Ho-\\nmer, which might be multiplied indefinitely\\n*H? ecfxiT \u00e2\u0082\u00ac\\\\i%o ^e^o?, tov 8 tkXve E o\u00c2\u00a3/3o? AttoWcov\\nTbv 8 aira\\\\L^i(36ixevo^ 7rpoae ^r\\\\ irohas o)/cu? Ax^XXet/?.\\n5 Arpei 8r] /cvbHTre, ava| dv8pa)v, Ayd\\\\kt\\\\Lvov\\nTrjv 8* rj^ifter eTretra Aios dvydrrip Ac^pohlrr].\\nTbv 8* dp* virohpa IScov 7T/3ocre(j)T| 7ro\\\\vfjLT)TL$ OSwcev?.\\nTrjv 8e fJLey* oyjdrjaas Trpoae^T] vec^eXrjyepera Zexis\\n5(0*y/oet, AT/oeo? t/te, av 8 d|ia 6e|at diroiva.\\n(o (f)i\\\\oi T]/Oft)e? Aaz/aoC, Oepdnrovres Apr|o?,\\n/ce/cXvTe, ^airj/ccov r)yr\\\\Tope r)8e /-te SovTe?.\\n8ioyeves AatpTLaBr), 7ro\\\\vfjLij^av Oh\\\\) r rev\\n7] awT* W ivorjae nrepifypcov Hr\\\\ve\\\\67reia.\\nTrjv 8* avr E\\\\)/ov/xa^o?, IIoXupov 7rat? dvriov r\\\\v8a\\nTrjv a?V TT|Xe/u-a^o? 7re7rvi)yu,eVo? dvriov T\\\\v8a\\nToy 8 ^p,ei^eT eiretra /3o\\\\\\\\v d ya6bs Me^eXao?.\\n\u00c2\u00abJ NecrTop N^XT^ aS??, ^\u00e2\u0082\u00ac70. /euSo? \\\\Axch wz\\nKeKXvTe yLteu /-tvOoav, KdKa 7rep 7rao-xovre? eralpot\\nivOev 8e 7rpoTep(i) 7rXeo[i\u00e2\u0082\u00acV dKa^ijfievot yyrop,\\ndcrfJLevoi i/c davdroio, (J l\\\\ov^ okeo-avres eTai/oof?.\\n^09 8 i\\\\piyev\u00e2\u0082\u00acia cj)dvr\\\\ po8o8d/CTv\\\\o Hc6?.\\ni/c 8e kclI avrol ^r\\\\fxev eirl pr} y\\\\LivL #a\\\\.do cr?79,\\nev0a 8* aTCoftpi^avTes i/Aeiva/jLev* H.a) 8lav.\\nIn reference to the A forms, it is perhaps worth while\\nto say that they ordinarily occur in passages where the\\nemphasis is slight, and it is in those lines where non-con-\\nformity is more usual than elsewhere. In such lines it\\nis easy to see that the error would be less felt, and a\\nslight forcing of emphasis easy.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nThe B forms, on the other hand, are used where the\\nemphasis is strong, and in a year s time I have never\\nfound in Latin or Greek a line with only two distinctly\\nemphasized words that were not arranged according to\\none of the B forms even Cicero s famous line\\nO fortunatam natam me COnsule Romam.\\nis correct in that respect.\\nIn the C forms, also, emphasis ordinarily is clearly\\nmarked, and the forms B and C are of frequent use in\\ndramatic and argumentative passages, where distinctions\\nare marked and important. It will be observed that\\nboth C forms are combinations of A i and B 2 and, as\\na result, there is an occasional line which, in a foreign\\ntongue, it is difficult to classify, but such difficulties can\\nalmost invariably be settled by translating the passage,\\nand ascertaining how we should naturally emphasize the\\ncorresponding words in English.\\nIn the illustrations given in this book there is a lack\\nof uniformity in the spelling and otherwise, as the work\\nhas been hastily prepared, and passages taken from dif-\\nferent publications without change. Inasmuch as my\\nobject is a single one, the entire emphasized syllable has\\nbeen printed in a larger type for clearness, although, as\\nstated above, perhaps it would be more correct to have\\nsimply so printed the vowels of the emphasized syllable.\\nWhere emphasis occurs on a word without an ictus, the\\nentire word is printed in large type, although probably\\nsuch words, if dissyllables, were emphasized on the first\\nsyllable only. The seat of emphasis in words that have\\nthe ictus, as before stated, is on the ictus itself, and if\\nthere be more than one ictus, it is on the first only.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 20,\\nIt would relieve my theory of some difficulties to believe\\nthat the author had a choice as to which ictus to empha-\\nsize, but after much patient study I am satisfied that is\\nnot the case.\\nI will add that the solutions I have given are merely\\ntentative, and in many cases may be incorrect. As to\\nsome passages I am in doubt how the author intended\\nhis lines to be read, but have exercised my best judg-\\nment from the sense and by comparison with similar\\ncombinations of words. That one of the foregoing nine\\nforms presented an ideal standard to which the author,\\nconsciously or unconsciously, attempted to conform, I\\nbelieve to be beyond question.\\nThe following passage shows the skill wherein by eli-\\nsion two emphasized words are brought within the same\\nfoot. See lines 330, 331, and 334. Observe also in 332\\nand 333 similar skill whereby words without an ictus are\\nemphasized. Maxima gives force to tremit by contrast,\\nthe earth trembles in its vast bulk.\\nipse Pater media nimborum in nocte corusca\\nfulmina molitur dextra quo maxima motu\\nterra tremit, fugere ferae, et mortalia corda 330\\nper gentes humilis stravit pavor ille flagranti\\naut Athon aut Rhodopen aut alta Ceraunia telo\\ndeicit ingeminant austri et densissimus imber\\nnunc nemora ingenti vento, nunc litora plangunt.\\nGeorg. I. 328-334.\\nThe following familiar passages show the care with\\nwhich emphasized and unemphasized feet are kept sepa-\\nrate, and otherwise illustrate the views presented in this\\nbook", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "30 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nTalibus orabat dictis, arasque tenebat,\\ncum sic orsa loqui vates Sate sanguine divom, 125\\nTros Anchisiade, facilis decensus Averno\\nnoctes atque dies patet atri ianua Ditis\\nsed revocare gradum superasque evadere ad auras,\\nhoc opus, hie labor est. Pauci, quos aequus amavit\\nIupiter, aut arde.ns evexit ad aethera virtus, 130\\ndis geniti potuere. Tenent media omnia silvae,\\nCocytusque sinu labens circumvenit atro.\\nQuod si tantus amor menti, si tanta cupido est,\\nbis Stygios innare lacus, bis nigra videre\\nTartara, et insano iuvat indulgere labori, 135\\nAccipe quae peragenda prius. Latet arbore opaca\\naureus et foliis et lento vimine ramus,\\nIunoni infernae dictus sacer hunc tegit omnis\\nlucus et obscuris claudunt convallibus umbrae\\nSed non ante datur telluris operta subire, uo\\nauricomos quam qui decerpserit arbore fetus.\\nHoc sibi pulchra suum ferri Proserpina munus\\nInstituit. Primo avulso non deficit alter\\nAureus, et simili frondescit virga metallo.\\nErgo alte vestiga oculis, et rite repertum 145\\ncarpe manu; namque ipse volens facilisque sequetur,\\nsi te fata vocant aliter non viribus ullis\\nvincere, nee duro poteris convellere ferro.\\nAen. VI. 124-148.\\nNos Troia antiqua, si vestras forte per aures 375\\nTroiae nomen iit, diversa per aequora vectos\\nforte sua Libycis tempestas adpulit oris.\\nSum pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste Penates", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 3 I\\nclasse veho mecum, fama super aethera notus.\\nItaliam quaero patriam et genus ab love summo. 380\\nBis denis Phrygium conscendi navibus aequor,\\nmatre dea monstrante viam, data fata secutus\\nvix septem convulsae undis Euroque supersunt.\\nIpse ignotus, egens, Lybiae deserta peragro,\\nEuropa atque Asia pulsus. Nee plura querentem 385\\npassa Venus medio sic interfata dolore est\\nQuisquis es, haud, credo, invisus caelestibus auras\\nvitales carpis, Tyriam qui adveneris urbem.\\nPerge modo, atque hinc te reginae ad limina perfer.\\nNamque tibi reduces socios classemque relatam 390\\nnuntio et in tutum versis aquilonibus actam.\\nAen. I. 375-39 1\\nM. Tityre, tu patulae recubans sub tegmine fagi\\nsilvestrem tenui musam meditaris avena\\nnos patriae fines et dulcia linquimus arva.\\nNos patriam fugimus tu, Tityre, lentus in umbra\\nformosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas. 5\\nT. O Meliboee, deus nobis haec otia fecit.\\nNamque erit ille mihi semper deus illius aram\\nsaepe tener nostris ab ovilibus imbuet agnus.\\nIlle meas errare boves, ut cernis, et ipsum\\nludere quae vellem calamo permisit agresti. 10\\nM. Non equidem in video miror magis undique totis\\nusque adeo turbatur agris. En ipse capellas\\nprotenus aeger ago hanc etiam vix, Tityre, duco.\\nHie inter densas corylos modo namque gemellos\\nspem gregis, ah, silice in nuda conixa reliquit. 15", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nSaepe malum hoc nobis, si mens non laeva fuisset,\\nde coelo tactas memini praedicere quercus.\\nSed tamen iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis.\\nEcl. I.\\nIn the above extract the emphasis is mainly very\\nslight arid therefore difficult to detect, but when found is\\nsufficient for rhythm. Nos in the fourth line is not em-\\nphasized, according to the general rule previously alluded\\nto, that repeated words are seldom emphasized in both\\ninstances, in this case the repetition taking place\\nmerely to substitute fugimus for the weaker word linqui-\\nmus. In Aen. II., where Aeneas described the captive\\nCassandra, he emphasizes with great effect the repeated\\nword in the second instance.\\nAd caelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra,\\nlumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas.\\nOn the other hand Virgil emphasizes the name Corydon\\ntwice in the following line from the second Eclogue, as\\nwe should in English\\nAh Corydon Corydon, quae te dementia cepit\\nObserve also that in the A forms, where a noun and its\\nadjective are on different sides of the caesura, their first\\nictus syllables occupy corresponding places according to\\nthe A schedule whereas, in the fifth line, which is in\\nform C, the place of the noun and adjective change to\\ncorrespond with the C schedule. This is an earmark of\\nform C, and the same thing occurs in the second line of\\nthe Iliad. It seems to be due to a rhythmic reason, how-\\never, and sometimes occurs in forms A and B when the\\ncaesural pause does not divide the third foot. This fifth", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 33\\nline seems to be suggested by the third Idyl of Theocri-\\ntus, where the names Tityrus and Amaryllis are used,\\nand the sixth line begins,\\nw -xapUcra AfiapvXXL\\nTityrus is imagined to have sung O formosa Ama-\\nryllis until the woods were vocal with the two empha-\\nsized words.\\nFormosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexim,\\ndelicias domini nee quid speraret habebat.\\nTantum inter densas umbrosa cacumina fagos\\nassidue veniebat. Ibi haec incondita solus\\nmontibus et silvis studio iactabat inani 5\\nO crudelis Alexi, nihil mea carmina curas\\nnil nostri miserere Mori me denique coges.\\nNunc etiam pecudes umbras et frigora captant\\nnunc virides etiam occultant spineta lacertos,\\nThestylis et rapido fessis messoribus aestu 10\\nalia serpyllumque herbas contundit olentes.\\nAt mecum raucis, tua dum vestigia lustro,\\nsole sub ardenti resonant arbusta cicadis.\\nNonne fuit satius, tristes Amaryllidis iras\\natque superba pati fastidia nonne Menalcas, is\\nquamvis ille niger, quamvis tu candidus esses\\nO formose puer, nimium ne crede colori\\nalba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur.\\nDespectus tibi sum, nee qui sim quaeris, Alexi,\\nquam dives pecoris, nivei quam lactis abundans 20\\nEcl. II.\\nIn the above observe again the position of the\\nnoun and its adjective in the first line. In a later\\nEclogue, where Virgil gives away his pipe, he puts the", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nsame words into form C, and the position of the adjec-\\ntive changes accordingly.\\nHaec nos Formosum Corydon ardebat Alexim,\\nhaec eadem docuit Cujum pecus an Meliboei\\nThe emphasis in the eighteenth line is due to the fact\\nthat the ligustra is always white and the vaccinia of differ-\\nent colors. Martial speaks of a girl as fair as the swan,\\nas snow, as the ligustra showing that the ligustra was\\ntypical of whiteness.\\nA later line in this Eclogue,\\nSemiputata tibi frondosa vitis in ulmo est,\\nwhich was shown by the first half of the line to be in\\nform B i, troubled me very much till I found a note by\\nConnington that it was equally bad husbandry for the\\nvine to be semiputata and for the elm to he frondosa as\\neither would prevent the maturing of the grape.\\nM. Die mihi, Damoeta, cuium pecus an Meliboei\\nD. Non, verum Aegonis nuper mihi tradidit Aegon.\\nThis beginning of the third Eclogue is a close repeti-\\ntion of the first two lines of the fourth Idyl of Theocri-\\ntus\\nEl7T\u00e2\u0082\u00ac fXOL, 00 K.OpV$(J)V, TLVOS (U /?0\u00e2\u0082\u00ac? rj pa $l\\\\(x v8(1\\novk, aW AtycoFOS fiocrKev Se /xot cdrras e Sco/ccv.\\nPaley, in the notes to his Theocritus, remarks on avrds\\nthat Virgil s manuscript evidently had avros, which would\\ngive better sense.\\nAccording to my theory auros is required as being em-\\nphatic, which ai/ras is not. If the views set forth in this", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 35\\nbook are correct, much aid will be given thereby in re-\\nforming texts.\\nObserve also that Virgil translates avros by repeating\\nthe name Aegon (which is not emphatic), whereas ipse\\nwould be and spoil the rhythm.\\nThe following from the same Eclogue is very spirited,\\nand perhaps illustrates the several forms of verse more\\nclearly than any preceding passage\\nM. Quid domini faciant, audent cum talia fures\\nNon ego te vidi, Damonis, pessime, caprum\\nexcipere insidiis, multum latrante Lycisca\\net cum clamarem Quo nunc se proripit ille\\nTityre, coge pecus tu post carecta latebas. 20\\nD. An mihi cantando victus non redderet ille\\nquern mea carminibus meruisset fistula caprum\\nSi nescis, meus ille caper fuit et mihi Damon\\nipse fatebatur, sed reddere posse negabat. 24\\nM. Cantando tu ilium aut umquam tibi fistula cera\\niuncta fuit non tu in triviis, indocte, solebas\\nstridenti miserum stipula disperdere carmen\\nD. Vis ergo inter nos quid posset uterque vicissim\\nexperiamur ego hanc vitulam (ne forte recuses,\\nbis venit ad mulctram, binos alit ubere fetus,) 30\\ndepono tu die, mecum quo pignore certes.\\nM. De grege non ausim quicquam deponere tecum\\nest mihi namque domi pater, et iniusta noverca\\nbisque die numerant ambo pecus, alter et haedos.\\nVerum, id quod multo tute ipse fatebere maius, 35\\ninsanire libet quoniam tibi, pocula ponam\\nfagina, caelatum divini opus Alcimedontis\\nlenta quibus torno facili super addita vitis", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36 HEXAMETER VERSE\\ndiffusos hedera vescit pallente corymbos.\\nIn medio duo signa, Conon et quis fuit alter, 40\\ndescripsit radio totum qui gentibus orbem,\\ntempora quae messor, quae curvus arator haberet\\nnecdum illis labra admovi, sed condita servo.\\nD. Et nobis idem Alcimedon duo pocula fecit,\\net molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho, 45\\nOrpheaque in medio posuit silvasque sequentes\\nnecdum illis labra admovi, sed condita servo.\\nSi ad vitulam spectas, nihil est quod pocula laudes.\\nEcloga III. 1-2 and 16-48.\\nThe following passages from the Georgics are selected\\nfor the reason that emphasis is quite marked throughout\\nboth, as Virgil is describing the nature of different souls\\nand methods of culture. In the second passage the\\nemphasis on glauca in the thirteenth line is because it\\nrefers to a particular kind of willow and the emphasis\\nin the twenty-fifth line grows out of two methods of\\nplanting slips, by one of which the end was split into\\nquarters, and by the other it was sharpened.\\nVere novo gelidus canis cum montibus umor\\nliquitur et Zephyro putris se glaeba resolvit,\\ndepresso incipiat iam turn mihi taurus aratro 45\\ningemere, et sulco attritus splendescere vomer.\\nUla seges demum votis respondet avari\\nagricolae, bis quae solem, bis frigora sensit\\nillius immensae ruperunt horrea messes.\\nAt prius ignotum ferro quam scindimus aequor, 50\\nventos et varium caeli praediscere morem\\ncura sit ac patrios cultusque habitusque locorum,\\net quid quaeque ferat regio et quid quaeque recuset.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 37\\nHie segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,\\narborei fetus alibi, atque injussa virescunt 55\\ngramina. Nonne vides croceos ut Tmolus odores,\\nIndia mittit ebur, molles sua tura Sabaei,\\nat Chalybes nudi ferrum, virosaque Pontus\\ncastorea, Eliadum palmas Epiros equarum\\nContinue* has leges aeternaque foedera certis 60\\nimposuit natura locis, quo tempore primum\\nDeucalion vacuum lapides iactavit in orbem,\\nunde homines nati, durum genus. Ergo age, terrae\\npingue solum primis extemplo a mensibus anni\\nfortes invertant tauri, glaebasque iacentes 65\\npulverulenta coquat maturis solibus aestas\\nat si non fuerit tellus fecunda, sub ipsum\\nArcturum tenui sat erit suspendere sulco\\nillic, officiant laetis ne frugibus herbae,\\nhie, sterilem exiguus ne deserat umor harenam. 7\\nGeorg. I. 43-70.\\nHactenus arvorum cultus et sidera caeli\\nnunc te, Bacche, canam, nee non silvestria tecum\\nvirgulta et prolem tarde crescentis olivae.\\nHue, pater o Lenaee tuis hie omnia plena\\nmuneribus, tibi pampineo gravidus autumno 5\\nfloret ager, spumat plenis vindemia labris\\nhue, pater o Lenaee, veni, nudataque musto\\ntingue novo mecum dereptis crura cothurnis.\\nPrincipio arboribus varia est natura creandis.\\nNamque aliae nullis hominum cogentibus ipsae 10\\nsponte sua veniunt camposque et flumina late\\ncurva tenent, ut molle siler, lentaeque genistae,\\npopulus et glauca canentia fronde salicta", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38 HEXAMETER VERSE\\npars autem posito surgunt de semine, ut altae\\ncastaneae, nemorumque Iovi quae maxima frondet 15\\naesculus, atque habitae Graiis oracula quercus.\\nPullulat ab radice aliis densissima silva,\\nut cerasis ulmisque etiam Parnasia laurus\\nparva sub ingenti matris se subiicit umbra.\\nHos natura modos primum dedit, his genus omne 20\\nsilvarum fruticumque viret nemorumque sacrorum.\\nSunt alii, quos ipse via sibi repperit usus.\\nHie plantas tenero abscindens de corpore matrum\\ndeposuit sulcis hie stirpes obruit arvo\\nquadrifidasque sudes et acuto robore vallos. 25\\nSilvarumque aliae pressos propaginis arcus\\nexpectant et viva sua plantaria terra\\nnil radicis egent aliae, summumque putator\\nhaud dubitat terrae referens mandare cacumen.\\nQuin et caudicibus sectis (mirabile dictu) 30\\ntruditur e sicco radix oleagina ligno.\\nEt saepe alterius ramos impune videmus\\nvertere in alterius, mutatamque insita mala\\nferre pirum, et prunis lapidosa rubescere corna.\\nGeorg. II. 1-34.\\nThe following is one of four passages printed herein\\nselected at my request by Professor IVforgan without\\nknowledge on his part of the purpose for which they\\nwere to be used. The other three are the selection from\\nJuvenal s tenth satire the selection from Odyssey III.,\\nand the simile from Iliad II., hereafter given.\\nThe third book tells that part of the story of Aeneas\\nwhich relates to what took place after the destruction of\\nTroy, hence the emphasis on Postquam. In the twelfth", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 39\\nline, the words in the ablative are in pairs owing to the\\nomission of one connective and and, as in English, in\\ncase of pairs of words of quasi kindred signification, the\\nsecond is slightly emphasized. So felix faustusque, and\\nHomer s death and destruction, death and doom,\\nand the like.\\nPostquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem\\nimmeritam visum superis, ceciditque superbum\\nIlium et omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troia,\\ndiversa exilia et desertas quaerere terras\\nauguriis agimur divum, classemque sub ipsa 5\\nAntandro et Phrygiae molimur montibus Idae,\\nincerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur,\\ncontrahimusque viros. Vix prima inceperat aestas,\\net pater Anchises dare fatis vela iubebat,\\nlitora cum patriae lacrimans portusque relinquo 10\\net campos, ubi Troia fuit. Feror exul in altum\\ncum sociis natoque Penatibus et magnis dis.\\nTerra procul vastis colitur Mavortia campis,\\n(Thraces arant) acri quondam regnata Lycurgo,\\nhospitium antiquum Troiae sociique Penates, 15\\ndum fortuna fuit. Feror hue, et litore curvo\\nmoenia prima loco fatis ingressus iniquis,\\nAeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo.\\nSacra Dionaeae matri divisque ferebam\\nauspicibus coeptorum operum, superoque nitentem 20\\ncaelicolum regi mactabam in litore taurum.\\nForte fuit iuxta tumulus, quo cornea summo\\nvirgulta et densis hastilibus horrida myrtus.\\nAccessi, viridemque ab humo convellere silvam\\nconatus, ramis tegerem ut frondentibus aras, 25", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nhorrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum.\\nNam quae prima solo ruptis radicibus arbos\\nvellitur, huic atro linquuntur sanguine guttae\\net terrain tabo maculant. Mihi frigidus horror\\nmembra quatit, gelidusque coit formidine sanguis. 30\\nRursus et alterius lentum convellere vimen\\ninsequor et causas penitus temptare latentes\\nater et alterius sequitur de cortice sanguis.\\nMulta movens animo Nymphas venerabar agrestes\\nG-radivumque patrem, Geticis qui praesidet arvis, 35\\nrite secundarent visus omenque levarent.\\nTertia sed postquam maiore hastilia nisu\\naggredior genibusque adversae obluctor harenae,\\n(eloquar an sileam gemitus lacrimabilis imo\\nauditur tumulo, et vox reddita fertur ad aures 40\\nQuid miserum, Aenea, laceras iam parce sepulto,\\nparce pias scelerare manus non me tibi Troia\\nexternum tulit aut cruor hie de stipite manat.\\nHeu fuge crudeles terras, fuge litus avarum.\\nNam Polydorus ego hie confixum ferrea texit 45\\ntelorum seges et iaculis increvit acutis.\\nTurn vero ancipiti mentem formidine pressus\\nobstupui stetruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit.\\nAen. III. 1-48.\\nIn the following passage emphasis is comparatively\\nslight. As to the fourth line I am in some doubt\\nwhether C 2 was not intended. In the fifth line multa\\nis, comparatively speaking, unemphatic, being in effect a\\nrepetition of the preceding multum. In the ninth line\\nregina deum is so emphasized as being a periphrasis for\\nthe name of Juno just used.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 41\\nArma virumque cano, Trojae qui primus ab oris\\nItaliam, fato profugus, Lavinia venit\\nlitora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto\\nvi superum, saevae memorem Iunnois ob iram,\\nmulta quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem 5\\ninferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum\\nAlbanique patres atque altae moenia Romae.\\nMusa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,\\nquidve dolens regina deum tot volvere casus\\ninsignem pietate virum, tot adire labores 10\\nimpulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae\\nAen. I. 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1 1.\\nThe emphasis of the following passage seems very\\nmodern, particularly that on the prepositions in line 3 1 1\\nand on potuit ax\\\\dfuit in lines 312, 313.\\nVix ea legati, variusque per ora cucurrit\\nAusonidum turbata fremor ceu saxa morantur\\ncum rapidos amnes, fit clauso gurgite murmur,\\nvicinaeque fremunt ripae crepitantibus undis.\\nUt primum placati animi et trepida ora quierunt, 300\\npraefatus divos solio rex infit ab alto\\nAnte equidem summa de re statuisse, Latini,\\net vellem et fuerat melius, non tempore tali\\ncogere concilium, cum muros assidet hostis.\\nBellum importunum, cives, cum gente deorum 30s\\ninvictisque viris gerimus, quos nulla fatigant\\nproelia nee victi possunt absistere ferro.\\nSpem si quam ascitis Aetolum habuistis in armis,\\nponite. Spes sibi quisque sed haec quam angusta\\nvidetis.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nCetera qua rerum iaceant perculsa ruina, 3\\nante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras.\\nNee quemquam incuso potuit quae plurima virtus\\nesse, fuit toto certatum est corpore regni.\\nAen. XL 296-313.\\nThe text of Lucretius is very doubtful but as his\\nwritings are argumentative, and as he is constantly draw-\\ning distinctions, they afford very good illustrations of the\\ntheory of this book. He thus tells the story of Iphigenia\\nto show that no one should have superstitious fear about\\nstudying science or philosophy. In the 100th line Mun-\\nroe considers moesta very emphatic from its position.\\nAccording to my theory, it is not, and the thought of the\\npassage throws the emphasis where I have placed it.\\nThis in my judgment is a very frequent instance of a\\nword being put out of its natural order because it is not\\nemphatic and because a non-emphatic word is required in\\nthat place. The liberty of shifting the order of words in\\nLatin and Greek gave a great advantage over the Eng-\\nlish writer and words are placed where we find them\\nbecause they are emphatic or because they are unem-\\nphatic much more frequently than to make them the one\\nor the other.\\nIllud in his rebus vereor, ne forte rearis\\nImpia te rationis inire elementa, viamque\\nIndogredi sceleris quod contra saepius ilia\\nReligio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta.\\nAulide quo pacto Triviai virginis aram 80\\nIphianassai turparunt sanguine foede\\nDuctores Danaum delecti, prima virorum.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 43\\nCui simul infula, virgineos circumdata comptus,\\nEx utraque pari malarum parte profusa est,\\nEt moestum simul ante aras adstare parentem 90\\nSensit, et hunc propter ferrum celare ministros,\\nAdspectuque suo lacrymas effundere cives\\nMuta metu terrain, genibus submissa, petebat\\nNee miserae prodesse in tali tempore quibat,\\nQuod patrio princeps donarat nomine regem. 95\\nNam sublata virum manibus tremebundaque ad aras\\nDeducta est non ut, solemni more sacrorum\\nPerfecto, posset claro comitari Hymenaeo\\nSed casta inceste, nubendi tempore in ipso\\nHostia concideret mactatu moesta parentis, 100\\nExitus ut classi felix faustusque daretur.\\nTantum religio potuit suadere malorum\\nLucretius I. 81-102.\\nLucretius then goes on, as an introduction to his\\nTheory of Atoms, to prove the fundamental principle\\nthat no thing is derived from nothing by divine power\\never. This principle he states in line 151 in form D.\\nHunc igitur terrorem animi tenebrasque necesse est\\nNon radii solis, nee lucida tela diei\\nDiscutiant, sed naturae species, ratioque\\nPrincipium hinc cujus nobis exordia sumet, 150\\nNullam rem e nihilo gigni divinitus unquam.\\nQuippe ita formido mortales continet omnes,\\nQuod multa in terris fieri coeloque tuentur,\\nQuorum operum causas nulla ratione videre\\nPossunt, ac fieri divino numine rentur. 155\\nQuas ob res, ubi viderimus nil posse creari\\nDe nihilo, turn, quod sequimur, jam rectius inde", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nPerspiciemus, et unde queat res quaeque creari,\\nEt quo quaeque modo fiant opera sine divum.\\nIf it were not so he says that animals and plants would\\nnot belong to fixed species would not occupy their\\nappropriate places in the universe nor come into exist-\\nence at propitious seasons nor require time nor food\\nwith which to grow nor could they be improved by cul-\\ntivation. An examination of the following passage will\\nshow how the significant words are emphasized as the\\nthought changes.\\nNam, si de nihilo fierent, ex omnibu rebus 160\\nOmne genus nasci posset nil semine egeret\\nE mare primum homines, e terra posset oriri\\nSquamigerum genus et volucres erumpere coelo\\nArmenta atque aliae pecudes genus omne ferarum\\nIncerto partu culta ac deserta tenerent i6 S\\nNee fructus iidem arboribus constare solerent,\\nSed mutarentur ferre omnes omnia possent.\\nQuippe, ubi non essent genitalia corpora cuique,\\nQui posset mater rebus consistere certa\\nAt nunc, seminibus quia certis quaeque creantur, i 7 o\\nInde enascitur atque oras in luminis exit,\\nMateries ubi inest cuj usque et corpora prima\\nAtque hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni\\nQuod certis in rebus inest secreta facultas.\\nPraeterea, cur vere rosam, frumenta calore, 175\\nVites autumno fundi suadente videmus\\nSi non, certa suo quia tempore semina rerum\\nQuum confluxerunt, patefit quodcumque creatur,\\nDum tempestates adsunt, et vivida tellus\\nTuto res teneras effert in luminis oras 180", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 45\\nQuod si de nihilo fierent, subito exorerentur\\nIncerto spatio, atque alienis partibus anni\\nQuippe ubi nulla forent primordia, quae genitali\\nConcilio possent arceri tempore iniquo.\\nNee porro augendis rebus spatio foret usus 185\\nSeminis ad coitum, e nihilo si crescere possent.\\nNam fierent juvenes subito ex infantibu parvis,\\nE terraque exorta repente arbusta salirent\\nQuorum nil fieri manifestum est, omnia quando\\nPaulatim crescunt, ut par est, semine certo 190\\nCrescendoque genus servant ut noscere possis,\\nQuaeque sua de materia grandescere alique.\\nHue accedit, uti sine certis imbribus anni\\nLaetificos nequeat foetus submittere tellus\\nNee porro, secreta cibo, natura animantum 19s\\nPropagare genus possit, vitamque tueri\\nUt potius multis communia corpora rebus\\nMulta putes esse, ut verbis elementa videmus,\\nQuam sine principiis ullam rem existere posse.\\nDenique cur homines tantos natura parare 200\\nNon potuit, pedibus qui pontum per vada possent\\nTransire, et magnos manibus divellere montes,\\nMultaque vivendo vitalia vincere saecla\\nSi non, materies quia rebus reddita certa est\\nGrignendis, e qua constat quid possit oriri 205\\nNil igitur fieri de nilo posse fatendum est\\nSemine quando opus est rebus, quo quaeque creatae\\nAeris in teneras possint proferrier auras.\\nPostremo, quoniam incultis praestare videmus\\nCulta loca, et manibus meliores reddere foetus 210\\nEsse videlicet in terris primordia rerum,\\nQuae nos, foecundas vertentes vomere glebas,", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nTerraique solum subigentes, cimus ad ortus.\\nQuod si nulla forent, nostra sine quaeque labore\\nSponte sua multo fieri meliora videres. 215\\nLucretius, I. 147-215.\\nIn the following passage he criticises Heraclitus, and\\nintimates that his reputation depends upon his use of\\nobscure language which men cannot understand, rather\\nthan upon the justice of his views.\\nQuapropter, qui materiem rerum esse putarunt\\nignem, atque ex igni summam consistere solo,\\nmagnopere a vera lapsi ratione videntur.\\nHeraclitus init quorum dux proelia primus,\\nclarus ob obscuram linguam magis inter inanes 6 4 o\\nquamde graves inter Graios, qui vera requirunt.\\nOmnia enim stolidi magis admirantur amantque,\\ninversis quae sub verbis latitantia cernunt\\nVeraque constituunt, quae belle tangere possunt\\naures, et lepido quae sunt fucata sonore. 645\\nLucretius, I. 636-645.\\nIn the next passage he denies that any theory that\\nmatter is made up of earth, air, fire or water, or any com-\\nbination of them, is correct. The last line affords an\\nillustration of skill in putting the names of the four ele-\\nments into three emphatic places.\\nQuapropter, qui materiem rerum esse putarunt\\nignem, atque ex igni summam consistere posse\\net qui principium gignendis aera rebus\\nconstituere aut humorem quicumque putarunt\\nfingere res ipsum per se, terramve creare 7\\nomnia, et in rerum naturas vertier omnes", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 47\\nmagnopere a vero longeque errasse videntur.\\nAdde etiam, qui conduplicant primordia rerum,\\nAera iungentes igni terramque liquori\\net qui quatuor ex rebus posse omnia rentur, 715\\nex igni, terra atque anima, processere, et imbri.\\nLucretius, I. 706-716.\\nIn the following, Lucretius states the satisfactions of\\nphilosophy\\nSuave, mari magno turbantibus aequora ventis,\\ne terra magnum alterius spectare laborem\\nnon, quia vexari quemquam est iucunda voluptas,\\nsed, quibus ipse malis careas, quia cernere suave est.\\nPer campos instructa, tua sine parte pericli, 5\\nsuave etiam, belli certamina magna tueri.\\nSed nil dulcius est, bene quam munita tenere\\nedita doctrina sapientum templa serena\\ndespicere unde queas alios, passimque videre\\nerrare, atque viam palantes quaerere vitae, 10\\ncertare ingenio, contendere nobilitate,\\nnoctes atque dies niti praestante labore\\nad summas emergere opes, rerumque potiri.\\nLucretius, II. 1-13.\\nJuvenal was nothing if not emphatic, and his lines,\\nwhich are highly finished, conform with great rigor to\\nthe principles set forth in this book.\\nIlia tamen gravior, quae cum discumbere coepit\\nlaudat Virgilium, periturae ignoscit Elissae, 43s\\ncommittit vates et comparat, inde Maronem\\natque alia parte in trutina suspendit Homerum.\\ncedunt grammatici, vincuntur rhetores, omnis", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "48 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nturba tacet, nee causidicus nee preco loquatur,\\naltera nee mulier verborum tanta cadit vis, 440\\ntot pariter pelves ac tintinnabula dicas\\npulsari. iam nemo tubas, nemo aera fatiget\\nuna laboranti poterit succurrere lunae.\\nnon habeat matrona, tibi quae iuncta recumbit,\\ndicendi genus, aut curtum sermone rotato 445\\ntorqueat enthymema, nee historias sciat omnes,\\nsed quaedam ex libris et non intelligat. odi\\nhanc ego, quae repetit volvitque Palaemonis artem,\\nservata semper lege et ratione loquendi,\\nignotosque mihi tenet antiquaria versus, 450\\nnee curanda viris opicae castigat amicae\\nverba soloecisma liceat fecisse marito.\\nimponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis\\nnam quae docta nimis cupit et facunda videri,\\ncrure tenus medio tunicas succingere debet, 455\\ncaedere Silvano porcum, quadrante lavari.\\nNil non permittit mulier sibi, turpe putat nil,\\ncum virides gemmas collo circumdedit et cum\\nauribus extentis magnos commisit elenchos.\\nintolerabilus nihil est, quam femina dives. 460\\nJuvenal. Sat. VI, 434-460.\\nHae tamen et partus subeunt discrimen et omnes\\nnutricis tolerant fortuna urgente labores,\\nsed jacet aurato vix ulla puerpera lecto.\\ntantum artes hums, tantum medicamina possunt, 595\\nquae steriles facit atque homines in ventre necandos\\nconducit. gaude, infelix, atque ipse bibendum\\nporrige, quidquid erit nam si distendere vellet\\net vexare uterum pueris salientibus, esses", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 49\\nAethiopis fortasse pater, mox decolor heres 600\\nimpleret tabulas nunquam tibi mane videndus.\\nJuvenal. Sat. VI. 592-602.\\nIn the last line of the following extract I am in some\\ndoubt as to the true emphasis. The participle in -dus\\ncommonly takes the emphasis rather than the auxiliary,\\nbut in this case the use is peculiar. Juvenal s reasoning\\nis that he advises men not to pray at all, but if they are\\nso superstitious that they must pray, a sound mind in a\\nsound body is a thing that may with some propriety be\\nasked.\\nA different solution of the line is possible, but I think\\nthe Romans emphasized the auxiliary verb very much as\\nwe do. In the Aen. II., the ghost of Hector says to\\nAeneas\\nSat patriae Priamoque datum si Pergama dextra\\ndefendi possent etiam hac defensa fuissent.\\nYou have done enough for your country and for\\nPriam. If Pergama could have been defended by (any)\\nright hand, it would have been defended by (hac) mine.\\nHere the emphasis falls, as it would with us, on the aux-\\niliary fuissent. In the same way the following passage\\nin the third book where Aeneas takes farewell of Andro-\\nmache and his countrymen who have made a settle-\\nment\\nVivite felices, quibus est fortuna peracta\\niam sua nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur.\\nIf my emphasis upon the auxiliary est is correct, which\\ndepends upon whether vivite is emphatic, the translation\\nshould be whose fortune hath been achieved/", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "50 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nNil ergo optabunt homines si consilium vis,\\npermittes ipsis expendere numinibus, quid\\nconveniat nobis rebusque sit utile nostris.\\nnam pro jucundis aptissima quaeque dabunt di. 350\\ncarior est illis homo quam sibi. nos animorum\\nimpulsu et caeca magnaque cupidine ducti\\nconjugium petimus partumque uxoris at illis\\nnotum, qui pueri qualisque futura sit uxor,\\nut tamen et poscas aliquid, voveasque sacellis 355\\nexta et candiduli divina tomacula porci,\\norandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore sano.\\nJuvenal. Sat. X. 346-356.\\nThe following satire and two epistles of Horace are\\ngiven entire\\nI bam forte via Sacra, sicut meus est mos\\nNescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis\\nAccurrit quidam notus mihi nomine tantum,\\nArreptaque manu, Quid agis, dulcissime rerum\\nSuaviter ut nunc est, inquam, et cupio omnia quae\\nvis. 5\\nCum assectaretur Num quid vis occupo. At\\nille,\\nNoris nos, inquit docti sumus. Hie ego, Pluris\\nHoc, inquam, mihi eris. Misere discedere quaerens\\nIre modo ocius, interdum consistere, in aurem\\nDicere nescio quid puero, cum sudor ad imos 10\\nManaret talos. O te, Bolane, cerebri\\nFelicem aiebam tacitus cum quidlibet ille\\nGarriret, vicos, urbem laudaret. Ut illi\\nNil respond ebam, Misere cupis, inquit, abire\\nJamdudum video sed nil agis usque tenebo is", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 5 I\\nPersequar hinc quo nunc iter est tibi Nil opus\\nest te\\nCircumagi quendam volo visere non tibi notum\\nTrans Tiberim longe cubat is prope Caesaris hortos.\\nu Nil habeo quod agam et non sum piger usque se-\\nquar te.\\nDemitto auriculas ut iniquae mentis asellus, 20\\nCum gravius dorso subiit onus. Incipit ille\\nSi bene me novi non Viscum pluris amicum,\\nNon Varium facies nam quis me scribere plures\\nAut citius possit versus quis membra movere\\nMollius Invideat quod et Hermogenes ego canto. 25\\nInterpellandi locus hie erat Est tibi mater,\\nCognati, quis te salvo est opus Haud mihi quis-\\nquam.\\nOmnes composui. Felices! nunc ego resto.\\nConfice namque instat fatum mihi triste Sabella\\nQuod puero cecinit divina mota anus urna 30\\nHunc neque dira venena nee hosticus auferet ensis\\nNee laterum dolor aut tussis nee tarda podagra\\nG-arrulus hunc quando consumet cunque loquaces\\nSi sapiat vitet simul atque adoleverit aetas.\\nVentum erat ad Vestae, quarta jam parte diei 35\\nPraeterita, et casu tunc respondere vadato\\nDebebat, quod ni fecisset perdere litem.\\nSi me amas, inquit, paulum hie ades. Inteream si\\nAut valeo stare aut novi civilia jura\\nEt propero quo scis. Dubius sum quid faciam, in-\\nquit, 40\\nTene relinquam an rem. Me sodes. Non fa-\\nciam ille\\nEt praecedere coepit. Ego ut contendere durum est", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nCum victore sequor. Maecenas quomodo tecum\\nHinc repetit paucorum hominum et mentis bene\\nsanae\\nNemo dexterius fortuna est usus. Haberes 4 s\\nMagnum adjutorem posset qui ferre secundas,\\nHunc hominem velles si tradere dispeream ni\\nSubmosses omnes. Non isto vivimus illic\\nQuo tu rere modo domus hac nee purior ulla est\\nNee magis his aliena malis nil mi officit unquam, 5\u00c2\u00b0\\nDitior hie aut est quia doctior est locus uni\\nCuique suus. Magnum narras, vix credibile\\nAtqui\\nSic habet. Accendis, quare cupiam magis illi\\nProximus esse. Velis tantummodo quae tua vir-\\ntus,\\nExpugnabis et est qui vinci possit, eoque 5$\\nDifficiles aditus primos habet. Haud mihi deero\\nMuneribus servos corrumpam non hodie si\\nExclusus fuero desistam tempora quaeram,\\nOccurram in triviis, deducam. Nil sine magno\\nVita labore dedit mortalibus. Haec dum agit, ecce 60\\nFuscus Aristius occurrit, mihi carus et ilium\\nQui pulchre nosset. Consistimus. Unde venis et\\nQuo tendis rogat et respondet. Vellere coepi\\nEt prensare manu lentissima brachia, nutans,\\nDistorquens oculos, ut me eriperet. Male salsus 65\\nRidens dissimulare meum jecur urere bilis.\\nCerte nescio quid secreto velle loqui te\\nAiebas mecum. Memini bene, sed meliore\\nTempore dicam hodie tricesima sabbata vin tu\\nCurtis Judaeis oppedere Nulla mihi, inquam, 7\\nReligio est. At mi sum paulo infirmior, unus", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 53\\nMultorum ignosces alias loquar. Huncine solem\\nTarn nigrum surrexe mihi Fugit improbus ac me\\nSub cultro linquit. Casu venit obvius illi\\nAdversarius et Quo tu turpissime magna 75\\nInclamat voce et Licet antestari Ego vero\\nOppono auriculam. Rapit in jus clamor utrinque\\nUndique concursus. Sic me servavit Apollo.\\nHorace, I. Sat. IX.\\nQuamvis, Scaeva, satis per te tibi consulis, et scis\\nQuo tandem pacto deceat majoribus uti,\\nDisce, docendus adhuc quae censet amiculus, ut si\\nCaecus iter monstrare velit tamen adspice si quid\\nEt nos quod cures proprium fecisse loquamur. 5\\nSi te grata quies et primam somnus in horam\\nDelectat, si te pulvis strepit usque rotarum,\\nSi laedit caupona, Ferentinum ire jubebo\\nNam neque divitibus contingunt gaudia solis,\\nNee vixit male qui natus moriensque fefellit. 10\\nSi prodesse tuis pauloque benignius ipsum\\nTe tractare voles, accedes siccus ad unctum.\\nSi pranderet olus patient er regibus uti\\nNollet Aristippus. Si sciret regibus uti\\nFastidiret olus qui me notat. Utrius horum 15\\nVerba probes et facta doce, vel junior audi\\nCur sit Aristippi potior sententia namque\\nMordacem Cynicum sic eludebat, ut aiunt\\nScurror ego ipse mihi, populo tu rectius hoc et\\nSplendidius multo est. Equus ut me portet, alat rex, 20\\nOfficium facio tu poscis vilia rerum,\\nDante minor quamvis fers te nullius egentem.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nOmnis Aristippum decuit color et status et res,\\nTentantem majora fere, praesentibus aequum.\\nContra quern duplici panno patientia velat 25\\nMirabor vitae via si conversa decebit.\\nAlter purpureum non exspectabit amictum,\\nQuidlibet indutus celeberrima per loca vadet,\\nPersonamque feret non inconcinnus utramque\\nAlter Mileti textam cane pejus et angui 3\u00c2\u00b0\\nVitabit chlamydem, morietur frigore si non\\nRettuleris pannum. Refer et sine vivat ineptus.\\nRes gerere et captos ostendere civibus hostes\\nAttingit solium Jovis et caelestia tentat\\nPrincipibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est. 35\\nNon cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum.\\nSedit qui timuit ne non succederet. Esto\\nQuid qui pervenit, fecitne viriliter Atqui\\nHie est aut nusquam quod quaerimus. Hie onus hor-\\nret,\\nUt parvis animis et parvo corpore majus 40\\nHie subit et perfert. Aut virtus nomen inane est,\\nAut decus et pretium recte petit experiens vir.\\nCoram rege suo de paupertate tacentes\\nPlus poscente ferent distat sumasne pudenter\\nAn rapias. Atqui rerum caput hoc erat, hie fons. 45\\nIndotata mihi soror est, paupercula mater,\\nEt fundus nee vendibilis nee pascere firmus,\\nQui dicit, clamat, Victum date. Succinit alter:\\nEt mihi dividuo findetur munere quadra.\\nSed tacitus pasci si posset corvus haberet 50\\nPlus dapis et rixae multo minus invidiaeque.\\nBrundisium comes aut Surrentum ductus amoenum,\\nQui queritur salebras et acerbum frigus et imbres,", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 55\\nAut cistam effractam et subducta viatica plorat,\\nNota refert meretricis acumina, saepe catellam, 55\\nSaepe periscelidem raptam sibi flentis, uti mox\\nNulla fides damnis verisque doloribus adsit.\\nNee semel irrisus triviis attollere curat\\nFracto crure planum, licet illi plurima manet\\nLacrima, per sanctum juratus dicat Osirim 60\\nCredite non ludo crudeles, tollite claudum.\\nQuaere peregrinum, vicinia rauca reclamat.\\nHorace, Epistle XVII.\\nVertumrmm Janumque, liber, spectare videris,\\nScilicet ut prostes Sociorum pumice mundus.\\nOdisti claves et grata sigilla pudico\\nPaucis ostendi gemis et communia laudas,\\nNon ita nutritus. Fuge quo descendere gestis.\\nNon erit emisso reditus tibi. Quid miser egi\\nQuid volui dices ubi quis te laeserit et scis\\nIn breve te cogi cum plenus languet amator.\\nQuodsi non odio peccantis desipit augur,\\nCarus eris Romae donee te deserat aetas\\nContrectatus ubi manibus sordescere vulgi\\nCoeperis, aut tineas pasces taciturnus inertes,\\nAut fugies Uticam aut vinctus mitteris Ilerdam.\\nRidebit monitor non exauditus, ut ille\\nQui male parentem in rupes protrusit asellum\\nIratus quis enim invitum servare laboret\\nHoc quoque te manet, ut pueros elementa docentem\\nOccupet extremis in vicis balba senectus.\\nCum tibi sol tepidus plures admoverit aures,\\nMe, libertino natum patre et in tenui re,", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "56 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nMajores pennas nido extendisse loqueris,\\nUt quantum generi demas virtutibus addas\\nMe primis Urbis belli placuisse domique\\nCorporis exigui, praecanum, solibus aptum,\\nIrasci celerem, tamen ut placabilis essem. 25\\nForte meum si quis te percontabitur aevum,\\nMe quater undenos sciat implevisse Decembres\\nCollegam Lepidum quo duxit Lollius anno.\\nHorace, Epistle XX. Book I.\\nThe precise emphasis in Homer is less easy for me to\\ndetect than in the Latin verse partly, perhaps, because\\nhis idioms are less like the English. If the fact be\\nthat the Homeric poems were sung or chanted, exact\\nemphasis would be less important and slight variations\\nless felt than in poems which were simply read. The\\ngreat body of Homer, however, conforms to what I\\nbelieve to have been ideal lines. The following was\\nselected as being a famous passage, and not because it\\nis favorable to my theories. It is in that respect about\\naverage and of the seventy-eight lines there are some\\nhalf a dozen wherein the emphasis is questionable. The\\nquestionable features, however, both here and elsewhere,\\nare infrequent in passages where the emphasis is marked.\\nAt the end of the preceding book it was stated that\\nthe arrow which Odysseus used in shooting through the\\naxes was lying on the table, the other arrows being con-\\ncealed in the quiver, as the suitors soon would prove.\\nIn the third line Homer states that the quiver was full;\\nto imply that Odysseus had a good supply of ammuni-\\ntion.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 57\\nOdyssey XXII.\\nAvrap 6 yv\\\\kvco6rf pa/ce oiv itoXv^tl^ 08u rcreu?,\\ncl\\\\to S eirl fieyav ov86v, eyjav |3l6v r\\\\8e cj^apirprjv\\nIcov \u00c2\u00a3\\\\L7r\\\\eir)v, Tayeas 8* e/c\\\\\u00e2\u0082\u00acvar oiarov^\\nclvtov irpoaOe iroh v, fierd 8e fjLvr]o-Tr\\\\pcnv eearev\\nouto? [xev 8rj a\u00e2\u0082\u00ac0Xo? ddaros iKrereXearai 5\\nvuv avre a/coirbv aXXov, ov ov ird) tls p Xev avrjp,\\n^icrofjua^ aX fee rv\\\\(jifi^ iropy 8e yuoi %o? AttoXXgoz;.\\n^H /cal eir Avtlvog) IQvvero iracpbv olcttoV.\\nrj tol 6 kclXov dXticrov avatpTqaeaOai e jicXXe,\\nXpvcreov a\\\\uf coTOV, /cal 8t| /jletcl yjzpcrlv ivco/jia, 10\\nocfipa Trioi oivoio (fiovos 8e ol ov/c ivl Qv/jlco\\njjuefjuflXero tls k ololto fieT dvBpdcn bairv/jLovea-at\\n[Lovvov ivl 7rXeov\u00e2\u0082\u00ac0 crt, /cal el pdXa Kaprepo? et 77,\\noi review OdvaTov re icatcbv ical Kr\\\\pa fieXacvav\\nrbv 8 3 08v r\u00e2\u0082\u00acV\u00c2\u00a7 fcard XaifJibv iTno-yoyuevos p Xev la), 15\\naVTL/cpv 8 1 diraXolo 81 a\\\\i%eVo? r}Xv6 a/cco/cr/.\\niKklvOr) 8* eTepcocre, Seiras Be ol e/cirecre X* l P\u00c2\u00b0$\\nfiXriixevov, CLVTi/ca 8 avXbs dva plvas 7ra%vs r\\\\X0ev\\nalfjLaros avBpofjLeoio 6oG s 8 airo elo rpdir^av\\nwere 7ro8l 7rX?5fa?, curb 8 el8ara yevev epafe* 20\\nclto? re /cpea r oirra (jyopvvero. rol 8 bfidh^crav\\nfjLvr) TTr}pes Kara b fJLa9\\\\ oircos l8ov dv8pa 7recr6vra,\\netc 8e dpovmv dvopovaav opiv#eWe? /car a 8cb^a,\\nTTavToae TTaTTTatvovre^ evbfjLijrovs ttotI tol%ou?*\\nov8e irrj d(T7rl? erjv ov8 aX/ci\\\\xov \u00e2\u0082\u00acY%o? eXeadat. 25\\nvel/cetov 8 08v rr\\\\a yoXmrolaiv eir srav\\n%elve, /caK S a^Spcov ro^d^eaf ov/cer cieQXcov\\nakXcov kvridcreLS vvv tol cnos aL7ru? oXeOpos.\\nKal yap 8rj vvv dt 2 /care/craves o? pey apLCTTO?\\nKovpcov elv y IdaKT\\\\ ra a iv6d8e yvires e8ovTat. 30\\nl r/cev eKao TO? avrjp, eirel r) fyacrav ovk eOeXovra", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58 HEXAMETER VERSE\\ndvSpa fcaraKTelvai to 8e vxymoi ovk evoy\\\\o-av,\\nco? hr) ctcjhv Kal irdcnv 6X\u00c2\u00a3Qpov ireipar ec^fjirro.\\ntovs S 3 dp 3 virohpa ISoov irpoo-e fyr\\\\ 7to\\\\vjul7)tl OSucro-ei\\nco /ewe?, cu |x eV e$dcrKe6 3 viroTpoirov oi/caS 3 t/ceo-dat\\nhrjfxov diro Tpcocov, on fiot /carefceipere oikov, 36\\n8|Jico^crt^ Se yvvai^l 7rapevvd\u00c2\u00a3ecr6e /3t,aico\\navrov re \u00c2\u00a3coovto? vir^vdao-Qe yvvaiKa,\\novre Oeovs BeicravTes, ot ovpavbv evpvv e)(oi)cm\\novre tlv avOpcoircov vepuecriv KaroiricrOev eaeaOat 40\\nvvv v/jllv teal irao-LP oXtQpov ireipar ec/^Trrcu.\\n*I2? c/ aTO, tovs S 3 dpa iravra? virb ^Xcopbv Seo? \u00e2\u0082\u00aclXe*\\n[TTdTTTTjvev 8e eKacrro? 07797 ^V 01 ofyriiv oktOpov]\\nEiVpvfjLa xos Be fjbiv 010? aji\u00e2\u0082\u00aci/3o yu e^o? irpoaeeiirev\\nel fiev 8tj 3 OBvcrev$ 3 I0a/crjo-io$ e\\\\Xrj\\\\ov6as, 45\\nravra fxev aicrtfia el7ra?, oaa petficr/cov 3 Kyaioi,\\niroXXa [xev ev fieydpoicnv draffOaXa, woXXa B 3 eV aypov.\\ndXX 3 6 puev r\\\\Br] Kelrai o? a mo? eirXero ttclvtcov,\\nAvtiVoo?* outos yap i7rir\\\\Xev rdBe \u00e2\u0082\u00acprya,\\n01/ tl yd\\\\iov rocraov KeXpy\\\\fievo ovBe %aTi\u00c2\u00a3(ov, 50\\naXX dXXa (fipovecov, rd ol ovk eVeXecrcre K/oopiW,\\nocf)p 3 3 IdaKr\\\\\u00c2\u00a7 Kara Btj/jlov ivKri/Jbevrjs flacnXtvoi\\naxiTo?, drap abv iratSa KaraKTetvete Xo)(TJo-a?.\\nvvv B 3 6 jJiev eV y^otpT] TrefyaraL, crx) 8e faiBeo Xacoz\\ncrcoz cWajO afJi^e? oiriaOev dp\u00e2\u0082\u00ac(rad/jbevoL Kara Sfjyu-oz^, 55\\noo-cra rot kxireiroTai /cat eSrjcWcu eV /jieydpOHri,\\nTl/Jbrjv dfji(j)U dyovTes ieiKOcrdf3oiov etcaoTOS,\\n\\\\a\\\\1c6v re %pvcrov r a7ro8cocro/u,ez/, eh 6 Ke crov Ki^p\\ntaz^^^ irplv B 3 ov tl ve\\\\LC(To-r]rbv *;e%oXcocr#afc.\\nTbv B 3 dp 3 vwobpa IBcov 7rpocrecj T| 7roXv/jLr)TL O8uo crev?\\nEu/^yu-a^ oxiS et fiou irarpma iravr airohoire^ 61\\nooraa re vvv v\\\\x\\\\x earl Kal el iroOev dXX eiridelre^\\novBe Kev cos en x e V a9 Xrj^aifii (f 6voio\\nirplv Trdcrav \\\\xvii]o-Tr)pa^ vir\u00e2\u0082\u00acp/3aair)V a7rcoTlcrat.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 59\\nvvv v/jllv TrapcLKtirai, ivavriov rje fid^irOaL 65\\nrj (frevytw, o? K\u00e2\u0082\u00acV ddvarov /cal KX\\\\pa a\\\\v\u00c2\u00a3y\\naXXd rev oii (f evt;\u00e2\u0082\u00ac(r9cu otofjuai aiTrvv o\\\\\u00e2\u0082\u00ac0/ooz\\nr/ X2? (jtaTO, T(hv S avrov X/uto yovvara kol fyiXov r\\\\rop.\\ntoZglv 8 Etvpvfjia xp^ fjuerecfxtyvee btvrepov avrts\\ncjyiXoi, ov yap ryj\\\\creL avrjp 38e )(\u00e2\u0082\u00acL/5a? adirrof?, 70\\naXX* eVet eXXafte to%ov ivgoov r)8e f ap\u00c2\u00a3Tp7]v,\\novSov diro %earTQV TO%a r T\u00e2\u0082\u00acTaL) et? o fee irdvTa?\\na/jL/JLe fcarCLKTeLVrj aXXd fAvr)(T bfJLeda %dp/jLr]S.\\ntyatryavd re nrdcrcrcL r0\u00e2\u0082\u00ac real dvr La^eaOe T/oairefa?\\nicov oi/cv/uLopcov eirl S avra iraVTe? excofjuev 75\\nd8pOO\u00c2\u00a3, el K\u00e2\u0082\u00ac fJLLV OVSOV a7T0i(TO/jL6V r/Se dvpQLCDV,\\ntkdcofiev 8 ava dcrru, /3orj 8 wKicra yevoiro\\nT(S zee rd^ outo? aW)jO zw vcrrara Tol^daacUTo\\nThe following passages were selected for me as above\\nstated. In these, as elsewhere, are many lines without\\nmuch that we ordinarily call emphasis. Some lines,\\nboth in the Latin and Greek, have but four words all\\npractically emphasized alike. In such cases, however, it\\nwill be found that the first ictus syllables of the four\\nwords are arranged by the ancient author according to\\none of the A forms.\\nIt will be observed that Homer says Pylian men in\\nthe same way he always says Phaeacian men, doctor man,\\nhandmaid women, and the like. Virgil likewise says\\nDryad girls, and Lucretius Greek man, and wild-beast\\nanimals. We thus see the road adjectives travelled to\\nbecome nouns. In the lines immediately preceding the\\nfirst passage, Telemachus expresses misgivings as to\\nhis ability to address an old man like Nestor with pro-\\npriety, and Athena, in the guise of Mentor, seeks to\\nencourage him.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "60 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nOdyssey Til.\\nTw 8* avre irpoaretiire 6ea yXavK TTLS AGrjy?; 25\\nT^Xe/xa^ aWa puev axiro? evl (jypeal cfjct vor\\\\ T\u00e2\u0082\u00aci\\naXXa 8e Kal 8ai\\\\W)V viro^aerat ov yap oico\\nov ae 0eG v ae/cqrt yeviar6at re rpa j)\u00e2\u0082\u00ac[L\u00e2\u0082\u00acV re\\nlX H? apa ^(avrjcraa ^yrjcraTO ITaXXa5 AGrj^r;\\nKap7ra\\\\t/xa 6 8 eirei/m pier lyjsia ftalve deoio. 30\\nl%ov 8 e? IlfXtcov dv8pu v dyvpiv re Kal e 8/oa?\\neV# apa Ni Tcop rjaro crvv vidcriv, apL(f)l 8 eToXpoi\\nScut ivTWofievoc Kpea r ttt(dv aXXa t eirzipov.\\nol S* a)? ol z; fetvous l8ov, aOpooi rfkOov airavTe5,\\nXCpcrtV t ycnrd^ovTO Kal khpudaaOai dvcoyov. 35\\nirpWT05 N\u00e2\u0082\u00acO TO/0iS?75 IIe\u00c2\u00abj io TjoaT05 iyyvdev iXdcov\\na\\\\L(f OT\u00e2\u0082\u00acpa)v eXe %elpa Kal ibpvaev irapa 8atrl\\nK eaiv ev pLaXaKOio-LV, eirl yjra/JidQoiS dXiycn,\\nTrap re Kaaiyv7]T(p %pao-v\\\\L x\\\\8el Kal Trarepi\\nhS)Ke 8 apa aTrXdy^voav /iot)oa5, ev 8* oivov e%eve 40\\n\\\\pv(T\u00e2\u0082\u00aci(p 8enra i SetSiovco jjLevos 8e 7rpocn\\\\v8a\\nIlaXXaS AQy\\\\vair)V, Kovprjv Ato5 aiyio^oto\\nEu^eo ^w, o) \u00c2\u00a3e\u00c2\u00a3ye, IIo r\u00e2\u0082\u00aciSao)z^ ava/cw\\ntox) 7a/) Kal 8a(,Tr) r)vTT\\\\o-aT\u00e2\u0082\u00ac btvpo pboXovres.\\navrap \u00e2\u0082\u00ac7r\\\\\\\\v airelcrrj^ re Kal ev^eat, rj 0\u00e2\u0082\u00ac|US ecrrt 45\\n805 zeal TOTJTO) eireiTa 8eiras /JLe\\\\irj8eo oivov\\n0 ir\u00e2\u0082\u00acLo-at, e7ret /cat to-Otoz^ otopiai aOavdroMnv\\nvbyecrdai 7toVt\u00e2\u0082\u00acS 8e Oecov ^areovcr dvQpoairoi.\\naXXa ve repos ianv, 6[Lr\\\\XtKLr) 8* ifiol avrq\\nTOvveKa col wporepcd 8coo-(0 %pv(T\u00c2\u00a3iov aXticrov 5\u00c2\u00b0\\nIliad II.\\nTea*; 8 0)5 t 6pvL0(ov 7reT\u00e2\u0082\u00acr}V(bv ZQvea 7roXXa,\\nXtl^wy 77 yepdvav rj kvkvcov 8o\\\\)Xt^oSet/)0)y, 460\\nAo-to) e^ Xet|i(0^, Kauo-T/nou a^t peeQpa,", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 6 1\\nevda /cal evOa ttot vtcll dyaWo/xeva Trrepvyeo cn,\\nKkayyrjSbv TrpotcaOi^ovrcov, o-fxapayel 8e re Xetfjucov,\\nw? twv ZQvea iroWa ve v diro ical /cXlctlclcdv\\ne? irehlov Trpo^eovro *2fca\\\\Lav piov avrap vtto )(9wv 465\\nr\\\\L\u00c2\u00a3p8a\\\\\u00e2\u0082\u00acov /covdfii^e Troh v avrcov re /cal iinrcop.\\ntcrrav 8 iv Xei^odVi *2fca[Lav8pi(p avOejJioevTi\\n[LvptoL, oacra re $v\\\\\\\\a /cal ixvdea yiyverai py.\\nHvTe \\\\LVldcov dScvdcov ZQvea 7roA,A,a,\\naX re Kara araB/ibv 7roi/jbvrj Cov i\\\\\\\\d(T/covcnv 470\\ncopy iv tiapLvr), ore re 7X^70? d Y7ea Bevec,\\nroaaoi eVt Tpd)\u00e2\u0082\u00ac(rai icdpy) /eo/z-oWre? A)(aiot\\niv 7reSico Xaravro Siappalaai /-te/xacoTe?.\\nThe following passages I accompany by my own trans-\\nlation, given on a previous page, in order to facilitate\\ncomparison and the comparison is quite to my disad-\\nvantage in other ways as well as in emphasis. In the\\nfirst line I think Homer would have emphasized but two\\nwords. Patronymics, not only here but invariably in\\nHomer, are emphasized as we emphasize surnames, and\\nthe other name, if immediately connected with the patro-\\nnymic, is treated as our given names are. Where a\\ndistinction is made, requiring emphasis on the given\\nname, we find it in Homer as in Engish for example, in\\nthe expression, The Atreidae, Agamemnon and Mene-\\nlaus, the given names are emphasized. In the begin-\\nning of the Odyssey, where Zeus says that he sent word\\nto Aegisthus not to slay Atreides, nor marry his wife,\\nfor vengeance would come from Orestes Atreides, Orestes\\nis emphasized and in the passage just given, Peisistratus\\nis emphasized to distinguish him from his father and\\nbrother mentioned in the same connection otherwise,", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nexcept where adjectives intervene, changing the form of\\nthe sentence, the law seems to be invariable that the\\npatronymic only is emphasized, as we should emphasize\\nnaturally the name John Smith.\\nI do not think Homer intended to emphasize the word\\nsing. If we should ask a person to sing something,\\nsing would be emphasized but if we should say, Sing\\nus The Last Rose of Summer, sing would not be\\nemphasized, but the title would be. In this case, the\\nWrath of Achilles is a title.\\nMy second line I (without knowing it) read as A 3.\\nHomer s line, however, is Ci. I emphasized Achaians,\\nnaturally, perhaps, but it was equally natural that Homer\\nshould not.\\nHomer s seventh line is also Ci, and I (without know-\\ning it) turned it into C2, and by some instinct reversed\\nthe order of the later words properly. In the phrase\\nking of men, king is always emphasized in Homer\\nwheresoever it may occur in a line. The emphasis is the\\nsame as in our phrase A king among men. The name\\nAtreides is emphasized here as occurring for the first\\ntime. The name of Achilles is not emphasized, as the fact\\nthat he was party to a quarrel is implied in the first line\\nand the epithet Sios, though commonly not emphasized,\\nhere is so, and balances the complimentary epithet ap-\\nplied to Agamemnon. In the other lines, I varied\\nenough from the original so that exact comparison cannot\\nbe made.\\nIliad I.\\nWx\\\\viv aetSe, 0ed, Tl7]\\\\r\\\\ld8eco A^tA/^o?\\novXofJLevrjV^ rj [LvpC A^atoZ? a^/ye eOrj/ce,\\niroWa? 8* {^Oifjiov^ yjrvxdiS At8l irpola-^rev", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 63\\nr\\\\pcoa)v, avrovs 8e k\\\\ pia revxe tcvvtcro-iv\\noIcovolctl re irdcri, Atos 6 ireXeiero 001) A,?;, 5\\ne f ol S?) ra irpcora hiaarrjTriv ipfoaLVre\\nArpetSr)? re ava| avSpcov ical 810? A^tWeu?.\\nSing, O goddess, the wrath of the son of Peleus, Achilles,\\nWrath to Achaians accursed, and fraught with sorrows un-\\nnumbered\\nMany a mighty soul to darkness it hurried untimely,\\nMany a hero s corse made prey to dogs and to vultures,\\nWhile to the end great Zeus wrought out his unfaltering\\npurpose 5\\nTake up the song where first the twain were parted in quar-\\nrel,\\nEven Atreides, of heroes the lord, and Achilles the godlike.\\nIn the following passage I also varied from the origi-\\nnal, except in the last line, which is in reality a form of\\nD, being emphatic throughout, and by chance my trans-\\nlation is the same\\nIliad VI.\\nTbv 8* add lTT7roXo^oto 7rpoo-r\\\\v8a (f ai8i/Jio uio?\\nTvSeiSrj fjLeyddvfjie, tvx\\\\ yeverjv epeeiveis 145\\nol rj TT\u00e2\u0082\u00acp (frvWi v yever), tolj] Se teal avSpwv.\\nfyvWa to, p.ev r ave^o? ^a/maSis X* 6L \\\\A a 8e 6 i v\\\\r)\\nTT\\\\\\\\e66coaa \u00c2\u00a3u\u00e2\u0082\u00aci, eapos 8 9 kiriyiyveTai tip?)\\nw? avbp v yever) r) /xev |ni\u00e2\u0082\u00acl r) a7ro\\\\r\\\\yei.\\nGenerations of men are like to the leaves of the forest\\nLeaves of to-day to earth by the winds are strewn, but to-\\nmorrow\\nNew leaves start in the woodlands, they quicken, and lo, it\\nis springtime 10\\nSo generations of men, one cometh, another departeth.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "64 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nThe following lines, describing the designs on the\\nshield of Achilles, were preceded by the statement that\\nHephaistos made the shield and wrought upon it much\\ncurious work therefore the word wrought should not\\nbe emphasized again, the emphasis falling simply on\\nthe names of the things represented. Not observing\\nwhat went before I know now that I emphasized wrought\\nand read the line as A 3 and that later, noticing what\\npreceded, I unconsciously forced the line emphasizing the\\nsecond on it instead of sea, turning the line into\\nC 2, which of course was wrong. Homer s emphasis\\nin all these lines is exactly right. In my second line I\\nthink the reader will see that I do not emphasize the\\nword sun as Homer properly does. In my third line,\\nI emphasized the word heavens erroneously, the hea-\\nvens already having been mentioned, and should have em-\\nphasized the word which I translated garland. The\\nfourth line Homer manifestly intended to be read as\\nC 1. The words strength and might joined to\\nthe genitive of a person s name are never emphasized\\nin Homer. As I have written the line, I interpolated\\nthe word hunter, using the expression mighty hun-\\nter, which in the scriptures is applied to Ishmael, and\\nthus emphasize four words; and I do not object to my\\ntranslation, nor the line as it stands, but it emphasizes\\none more word than Homer does. In the remaining\\nlines, and in most of my work, I have had a tendency to\\nrun everything in one mould, which turned out A 3\\nlines, while in all the ancient writers there is constant\\nchange from one form to another.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 65\\nIliad XVIII.\\nE^ /Jiev yaiav eVef iv 8 ovpavov, iv Se ddkavcrav,\\nT\\\\e\\\\i6v t a/cdfjLavra cre\\\\i\\\\VTjv re irXrjOovaav,\\niv Be tcl Ttipea irdvra, rd t ovpavos rre(f)dva)Tcu, 485\\nII\\\\T|iaSa? 0 TaSas re to re aOevos Qpuovos\\nApKrov 0\\\\ t)v real d\\\\kd^av iiriKXijaiV KaXeovaLV,\\n7] t avrov arpe^erai ical r Qpccova SoKevet,\\n177 5 dfJL/xojOO? earl Xotrpwv Q/ceavoio.\\nOn it the earth he wrought, and on it the sea, and the hea-\\nvens,\\nAlso the moon at her full, and the sun that wearieth never\\nOn it, moreover, the signs as many as garland the heavens,\\nEven the Pleiads, the Hyads, the mighty hunter, Orion, 15\\nAlso the great she-bear whose second name is the wagon,\\nHer that turneth on high and Orion eternally watcheth,\\nHer that alone of the signs avoideth the baths of the ocean.\\nTo conclude this hastily prepared paper, I wish to\\nmake it clear that what I contend is this that the nine\\nforms of hexameter verse hereinbefore given are and\\nalways have been the standard to which authors have\\ntried, probably unconsciously, to conform. They have\\nnot always succeeded in any language. The classical\\nwriters wrote in tongues wherein conformity was much\\neasier than in the English language. A close scrutiny of\\nEnglish hexameter I surmise would disclose the fact that\\nnon-conformity has been the rule, but in the Latin and\\nGreek non-conformity has been the exception and that\\nis true notwithstanding all the errors that have come\\ndown to us, and all the editing of lines in modern days\\nby men who did not consider emphasis at all.\\nIf I am right that these nine forms are the standard in", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "66 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nEnglish and of that I feel no doubt it is very diffi-\\ncult to believe that the ancients, who obeyed the law\\nwith so much more uniformity than we, did not write\\nunder the same law. Any scholar who will carefully ob-\\nserve how he reads the ancient verse himself will find, I\\nthink, that he invariably sing-songs it into some one\\nof those forms. I believe the ancients who were dealing\\nwith a living language read it intelligently in one of those\\nforms, with some occasional forcing. It is none the less\\ntrue that Milton s blank verse is iambic because he occa-\\nsionally uses a different foot. De minimis non curat\\nlex.\\nI ask the reader to examine the following extract from\\nthe Third Satire in the ist Book of Horace, and see if\\nhe thinks the orderly succession of emphasized feet is an\\naccident\\nJura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,\\nTempora si fastosque velis evolvere mundi.\\nNee natura potest justo secernere iniquum,\\nDividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis\\nNee vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque\\nQui teneros caules alieni fregerit horti\\nEt qui nocturnus sacra divum legerit. Adsit\\nRegula peccatis quae poenas irroget aequas,\\nNe scutica dignum horribili sectere flagello.\\nNam ut ferula caedas meritum majora subire\\nVerbera non vereor, cum dicas esse pares res\\nFurta latrociniis et magnis parva mineris\\nFake recisurum simili te, si tibi regnum\\nPermittant homines. Si dives qui sapiens est,\\nEt sutor bonus et solus formosus et est rex,\\nL \u00e2\u0080\u00a2TO.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "HEXAMETER VERSE 6j\\nCur optas quod habes Non nosti quid pater, inquit,\\nChrysippus dicat Sapiens crepidas sibi nunquam\\nNee soleas fecit, sutor tamen est sapiens. Qui\\nUt quamvis tacet Hermogenes, cantor tamen atque\\nOptimus est modulator ut Alfenius vafer, omni\\nAbjecto instrumento artis clansaque taberna,\\nSutor erat, sapiens operis sic optimus omnis\\nEst opifex solus, sic rex. Vellunt tibi barbam\\nLascivi pueri Quos tu nisi fuste coerces\\nUrgeris turba circum te stante miserque\\nRumperis et latras, magnorum maxime regum.\\nNe longum faciam dum tu quadrante lavatum\\nRex ibis neque te quisquam stipator ineptum\\nPraeter Crispinum sectabitur, et mini dulces\\nIgnoscent si quid peccaro stultus amici,\\nInque vicem illorum patiar delicta libenter,\\nPrivatusque magis vivam te rege beatus.\\nWhich I will render\\nYou cannot help admitting that laws were invented\\nthrough fear of the unjust if you see fit to examine the an\\nnals and records of the world. Neither is nature able to dis-\\ncriminate between the good and bad man as it distinguishes\\ngood things from the opposite, what is to be avoided from\\nwhat is to be sought nor will sound reason prove this, that\\na man sins as deeply and the same who filches green cab-\\nbages from another man s garden, and the one who by night\\nsteals the sacred things of the gods. Let a rule be adopted\\nwhich will apportion to sins punishments that are appropri-\\nate, lest you torture with the awful scourge a man who only\\ndeserves the lash. For that you should cut with a switch one\\nwho deserves to undergo heavier blows is a thing I do not\\nfear, although you declare sins equal^ thefts as bad as high-", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "68 HEXAMETER VERSE\\nway robbery, and threaten to cut down great and small with\\nthe same sickle, if men should give you royal power. If the\\nphilosopher is rich, and a good cobbler, and alone is beautiful,\\nand is a king, why ask for what you have already You do\\nnot, says the Stoic, understand what father Chrysippus\\nmeans. A philosopher never makes shoes nor sandals for\\nhimself, but is a shoemaker for all that. How so Just\\nas Hermogenes, although silent, is a singer still and most\\nexcellent musician as Alfenius used to be a cunning cobbler\\nthough all the instruments of his trade were thrown aside and\\nhis shop closed, so the sage is alone an excellent workman at\\nevery calling, and so he is a king. The roguish boys are\\npulling your beard, and unless you keep them off with your\\nclub you will be jammed by the crowd standing about you,\\nand in your distress will break out and bark, you greatest\\nof great kings Not to make my story long, while you are\\ngoing a king to your two-for-a-cent bath with no retinue ex-\\ncept silly Crispinus, my dear friends will pardon me if I do\\nanything amiss, being a fool (according to your definition),\\nand I in turn shall overlook their peccadilloes graciously, and\\nshall live a private man more happy than you as a king.\\nBoston, May 3, 1900.", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3618", "width": "2316", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3880", "width": "2398", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "LI BRARY OF CONGRESS\\nmum iii I Hill Hill Mill lllll Hill lllll 1111\\n003 041 573 5", "height": "3880", "width": "2398", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF\\n003 041 573 5\\nConservation Resources\\nLig-Free\u00c2\u00ae Type I\\nPh 8.5, Buffered", "height": "4361", "width": "2743", "jp2-path": "hexameterverseit00cumm_0078.jp2"}}