{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3188", "width": "1906", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3131", "width": "1940", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1826", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3131", "width": "1940", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1826", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3131", "width": "1940", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "n^NALLY h C9^\\ntIANDY GUIDE:\\nUD50N\\nRiver\\nAND CAT5KILL\\nA MOUNTAINS\\nM ^NALLY S CO\\nPU5L13hER5\\nCniCAGO NEW YORK", "height": "3074", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "THE\\nFOUR-TRACK\\nSERIES.\\nThe New York Central s books of travel.\\nThese small books are filled with information\\nregarding the resorts of America, best routes,\\ntime required for journey and cost thereof.\\nOur Illustrated Catalogue, a booklet of 40 pages, 4 x8, gives synopsis\\nof contents of each of twenty-seven books; this Catalogue sent free to\\nany address on receipt of a postage stamp by George H. Daniels, Gen-\\neral Passenger Agent, Grand Central Station, New York.", "height": "3131", "width": "1940", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "^^a f\\\\a Lb\\nSEABOARD AIR LINE\\nTHE POPULAR LINE\\nNORTH AND SOUTH\\nDouble Daily Service.\\nThe Famous Atlanta Special\\nSolid Vestibule Limited\\n*THE CYCLONE^\\nSOLID TRAINS FROM PORTSMOUTH TO ATLANTA.\\nMake Travel a Pleasure\\nand Use the Seaboard Air Line,\\nSOUTHERN PINES, ATHENS, RALEIGH,\\nATLANTA, MACON, MOBILE, NEW\\nj ORLEANS, AND PACIFIC COAST POINTS,\\nriCKETS ON SALE AT ALL PRINCIPAL TICKET OFFICES IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA.\\nAsk Ticket Agent for Ticket via\\n$3 -SAVE- $3.\\nTor Time Tables, Information, Reservation, call on or address\\nA. B. FARNSWORTH, Genl Eastern Pass R Agent,\\n371 Broadway, New York.\\nf. ST. JOHN, H. W. B. GLOVER, L. S. ALLEN,\\nVice-Pres t and Gen l Mgr.. Traffic Manager, Gen l Pass Agent.\\nPORTSMOUTH, VA.\\nii", "height": "3074", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "GREEN S HOTEL\\nCorner Eighth and Chestnut Sts.,\\nPhiladelphia, Pa.\\nFOR LADIES and GENTLEMEN.\\nEUROPEAN PLAN.\\nTwo Hundred and Fifty Rooms\\nat ^1.00 and 31.50 Per Day.\\nFINEST RESTAURANT Elevator, Electric Lights, Baths,\\nIN Philadelphia. and All Modern Conveniences.\\nEighth and Chestnut Street T7-olley Cars pass the Hotel at the\\nRate of Three per Mi7iiite to all Parts of the City.\\nThis Hotel is centrally located, and in the very heart of the city, being but\\none square from the Postotfice, and easy of access to all Theaters, Railway\\nStations, Public Buildings, and Points of Interest.\\nHeadquarters for Commercial Travelers.\\nMAHLON W. NEWTON,\\nProprietor.", "height": "3131", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Maps and Guides\\nTO\\nAll of the Principal Cities\\nAND\\nEVERY Country in the World.\\nRoad Maps\\nFOR\\nDriving, Wheeling, or Walking.\\nGlobes, Map Racks, Spring Map Rollers, Wall\\nand Pocket Maps, Historical Maps, Classical, Biblical,\\nHistorical, Anatomical, Astronomical, Physical, and\\nGeneral Atlases of all kinds kept in stock.\\nAddress\\nRand, McNally Co.,\\nIVlap Publishiers and Engravers,\\n160 to 174 Adams Street, CHICAGO.\\n142 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK.", "height": "3153", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "TWO COPIES RECEIVE^),\\nLibrary of CoBgpteiy\\nOffice f tilt\\nMAY4-1900\\ni;,Copjrlgl,u\\nZ\\n0)\\no\\nz\\nE\\nQ.\\n-J U)\\na.\\nCO\\nLU (0\\nI\\no\\nUJ\\no", "height": "3142", "width": "1951", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "United States Hotel\\nSaratoga Springs, N. Y.\\nONE OF THE LARGEST HOTELS\\nIN THE WORLD...\\ngi y Rooms\\nLine of buildings over 1,500 feet long, 6 stories high,\\ncovering and enclosing 7 acres of ground, 238 feet front\\non Broadway, 675 feet frontage on Division Street.\\nThe Summer Residence of the I^ost Refined Circles\\nof American Fashion and Society.\\nOrchestra, Hops, Germans, Balls, Concerts, Entertain-\\nments, etc. Most elegantly furnished Parlors, Ball Room,\\nPublic and Private Dining Rooms, Reading Rooms, etc.\\nPrivate Suites of any size in COTTAGE WING.\\nSaratoga has\\nOne of the Finest and Most Picturesque Golf Links\\nin the United States, and miles of First-c. ass Cycle Paths.\\nGAGE PERRY,\\nOPEN JUNE 14TH TO OCTOBER 1ST. PROPRIETORS.", "height": "3153", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "Summer Tours\\nHUDSON RIVER\\nTROY LINE\\nTO TROY, SARATOGA, THE ADIRONDACKS,\\nLAKES GEORGE AND CHAMPLAIN,\\nGREEN MOUNTAINS, MONTREAL, AND\\nALL POINTS NORTH AND EAST.\\nRates to above Resorts are Lower than by any other Route.\\nDining Rooms on Main Deck\\nSearchlight Exhibition Every Evening.\\nSteamers SARATOGA or CITY OF TROY\\nENTIRELY REBUILT, REMODELED, AND REFURNISHED.\\nLeave New York daily, except Saturday, 6.00 p. m., from\\nPier 46, N. R., foot West loth St., making connec-\\ntions for all points North and East.\\nSUNDAY STEAMERS KBl\u00c2\u00abla Touch at Albany\\nLeave Troy daily, except Saturday, about\\n7.40 p. M., on arrival D. H. Train.\\nSunday Boat leaves Troy, 6.00 p. m.\\nSunday Boat leaves Albany, 7.00 p. m.\\nCONNECTING WITH TRAINS AND BOATS FOR ALL\\nPOINTS SOUTH AND EAST.\\nFor Rates, etc., apply to\\nR. L. HORNBY,\\nGeneral Ticket Agent,\\nWest 10th Street Pier, NEW YORK.\\nvi", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Broadway Central Hotel\\nNOS.\\n667 TO 677\\nOPPOSITE\\nBOND STREET,\\nNEW York]\\nMIDWAY\\nBETWEEN BATTERY AND\\nCENTRAL PARK.\\nHas during the past five years been thoroughly rebuilt and completely reorganized at\\nan expense of over a quarter of a million dollars, and is perfect in detail and unsurpassed iu\\ncomfort and convenience. Recommends itself for its thoroughly careful management, its\\nclean, well-kept rooms, admirable table and service, and reasonable charges.\\nLOlATrOX ABSOLITELY IXEqiALEl) FOK I\u00c2\u00abISI\\\\KSS, SUiHT-SKEI\\\\(;. AM) PLEASURE.\\nAll the Xew Rapid Transit Cable Lines passing the doors, run the entire length of\\nBroadwav from the Battery to Central Park, Grand Central R. R. Station, Lenox Avenue,\\nHarlem River, Higli r.ridgc, and Grant s Tomb, passing aw the fashionable stores, theatres,\\nand prhu ipal attractions of the city.\\n(.HANK EM KAI, IMI OT l ASSE.\\\\\u00c2\u00abJEl{S tAX TAKE LEXIXGTOX AVEXl E CABLE AUS one block\\neast of the station, direct to or from the hotel to 42d Street, or Fourth Avenue cars direct\\nto Astor Place or Bond Street, one block in front.\\nTWO LlXES OF ELEVATED RAILROAKS Sixth Avenue Station, Bleeker Street, one block\\nin the rear. Third Avenue Station, Houston Street, two blocks in front.\\nAll cross-town cars transfer at Broadway with the cable lines, taking guests direct to\\nthe hotel.\\nPassengers arriving by any of the ferries, or either foreign or coastwise steamers, can\\ntake any cross-town car, or walk to Broadway and take cable cars direct to the hotel, or\\nvia the Sixth or Third Avenue Elevated, stopping at Bleeker on Sixth Avenue, and\\nHouston Street Station on Third Avenue line, three minutes from hotel.\\nThe Central will be run on both the American and European Plan.\\nThe Regular Tariff of Charges for each person will be\\nFor Room only, $1.00, $1.50, and $2.00\\nFor Room and Board, $2.50, $3.00, and $3.50\\nFor Single Meals, 75 cents\\nMeals, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0when taken with rooms, for full day, 50 cents each\\nRooms Avith parlor or bath, extra.\\nAccording to size, location, and convenience, and whether occupied by one or more persons.\\nSPECIAL RATES FOR FAMILIES OR PERMANENT GUESTS.\\nFor full particulars, send for circulars, maps, and other information to\\nUNITED STATES TILLY HAYNES. BROADWAY CENTRAL\\nHOTEL, b\u00e2\u0080\u009e!,\u00e2\u0080\u009e cX-Vd HOTEL,\\nBOSTON. PROPRIETOR. NEW YORK.\\n;able addkes:\\nTILLY.\\nvii", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "RAID, McNALLY CO. S\\nILLUSTEATED GUIDE\\nTO THE\\nHUDSON^ EIYEE\\nCatskill Mountains\\nBy ERIN^EST INGERSOLL\\nEighth Edition.\\nchicago and new york\\nRand, McNally Company, Publishers\\n1900.\\nCopyright, 1893, by Rand, McNally Co.\\nCopyright, 1894, by Rand, McNally Co.\\nCopyright, 1S95, bV Hand, McNally Co.\\nCopyright, 1S9G, by Ixaiul, McNally Co.\\nCopyright, 1897, by Rand, .AIcNallv Co.\\nCopyright, 1898, by Rand, McNally Co.\\nCopyright, 1899, by Rand, McNally Co.\\nCopyright, 1900, by Rand, McNally Co.", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "6fS680\\nThe ten EYCK\\nALBANY, N. Y.\\nPOSITIVELY FIREPROOF.\\nAMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS,\\nMOST ATTRACTIVE HOTEL IN NEW YORK ST^\\nCONVENIEJSTT -TO\\nState C1\u00c2\u00abi^itoi\\nOTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PLACES OF INTERE\\n\u00c2\u00ab^i H. J. ROCKWELL SON.", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "CO NT\\nPAGE.\\nIntroduction 11-24\\nCharacter of the Hudson. H\\nEarly History Ig\\nHudson River Steamboats and Railways 23\\nNew York to Tarrytown 25-57\\nThe New York City and New Jersey Shores 25\\nThe Burr-Hamilton Duel 26\\nRevolutionary Forts 30\\nThe Palisades 35, 46\\nThe City of Yonkers 39\\nDobb s Ferry and Irviugton 44\\nThe Croton Aqueducts 48\\nThe Story of Sunnyside.. 49\\nFrom Irvingtou to Tarrytown 51\\nSleepy Hollow, Past and Present 53\\nTarrytown to West Point 58-105\\nThe Tappan Sea 58\\nNyack 59\\nSing Sing 60\\nThe Story of Arnold s Treason 65\\nThe Battle of Stony Point 68\\nPeekskill 73\\nThe Passage of the Hudson H ighlands 76\\nThe Fall of the Highland Forts 81\\nThe Tour of West Point 88\\nWest Point to Newburgh 106-136\\nCro Nest and Storm King 108\\nThe Culprit Fay 109\\nCornwall and Its Attractions 112\\nN. P. Willis Idlewiid 113\\nThe City of Newburgh 116\\nWashington s Headquarters 121\\nTheFislikill Shore 125\\nNewburgh to Poughreepsie 128-136\\nIce and the Ice Harvest 129\\nPoughkeepsie and Education 133\\n(5;", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "Q CONTENTS.\\nPAGE.\\nPOUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON 137-154\\nFirst View of tlie Catskills 138\\nThe City of Kingston 142\\nCement and Cement Making. Bluestone, etc 148\\nHistorical Sketch of Kingston 147\\nThe Senate House loO\\nThe Burning of Kingston by the British. 151\\nThe Tour of the Catskills 155-176\\nTwo Principal Entrances 156\\nThe Journey from Kingston 157\\nAt the Gateway of the Catskills 1 58\\nLoftiest of the Catskills 161\\nStony Clove, Hunter, and Tannersville 163\\nParks and Cottagers. 165\\nFrom Phoenicia to Stamford- 168\\nKingston to Catskill and to the Mountain Resorts .177-199\\nRhinebeck 177\\nSaugertieS- 1 79\\nThe Story of Clermont 181\\nCatskill Village 184\\nCatskill Mountain Railroad and Otis Elevator 186\\nA Group of Famous Mountain Hotels 187\\nKaaterskill Clove and Rip Van Winkle 190\\nCatskill to Hudson 193\\nThe City of Hudson s Curious History 194\\nThe Capital City 200-216\\nHistorical Sketch of Albany 200\\nThe Tour of Albany 204\\nThe State Capitol Described 205\\nThe Upper Hudson Country 217-226\\nThe Rollicking Youth of the Hudson 217\\nAlbany a Central Point of Departure for the Tourist 219\\nTours North of Albany... 220\\nSaratoga and the Southern Adirondack s 221-222\\nThe Historical Region of Lake George 223\\nNorthern Entrances to the Adirondacks 224\\nAlong Lake Champlain. 224\\nScenery in the Mountains 224\\nFrom Plattsburgh to Saranac Lake 226\\nAlphabetical List of Hotels in the Hudson Valley\\nAND Catskills 227-232\\nIndex 237-240", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "LIST OF MAPS.\\nSection 1.\\nnew york to tarrytown.\\n28 miles from New York City.\\nFacing page 27.\\nSection 2.\\ntarrytown to newburgh.\\n27 to 61 miles from New York City.\\nFacing page 59.\\nSection 3.\\nnewburgh to kingston.\\n60 to 91 miles from New York City.\\nFacing page 129.\\nSection 4.\\nkingston to coxsackie.\\n90 to 122 miles from New York City.\\nFacing page 177.\\nSection 5.\\ncoxsackie to albany.\\n120 to 147 miles from New York City.\\nFacing page 195.\\nPLAN OF WEST POINT.\\nFacing page 88.\\nMAP OF CATSKILL MOUNTAINS.\\nFacing page 168.\\n(7)\\nKEY MAP\\nShowing Location and -t o G\\nTerritory Covered hj t\\nLarge Maps.\\n^LBAX/Y^\\n1 Coejii/ansJ\\nliiiigstoj\\nXewT)iirg\\noiiglilieepsie\\nJfyacl\\nrr^tojMi.^*\\nJerseyj\\nTORK\\nU E E 7\\niOOKLW O", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "HOTEL EMPIRE\\nAbsolutely Fire Proof.\\nBroadway and 63d Street, NEW YORK CITY.\\nPatronized bv travelers and tourists of the best class frcmi all parts of the world.\\nFrom all Jersey City Ferries take tlie\\nSixth or Ninth Avenue elevated\\ntrains to 59th Street, or Broadway\\nCable, to the Hotel door, 19 to 20\\nminutes\\nEUROPEAN PLAN.\\nTake Boulevard cars at Grand Central\\nDepot and reach Hotel Empire in 7\\nminutes. Within 10 minutes of\\nthe theaters and gi-eat department\\nstores.\\nRATES MODERATE.\\nThe only Hotel in New York City having an exten-\\nsive library for the exclusive use of its guests.\\nElectric cars running to all parts of the city pass its doors. 6th and gth Avenue\\nElevated Railroad stations one niinute s walk from the hotel.\\nMusic by the Empire Orchestra every Evening.\\nj^^Send address for our book, The Empire, Illustrated.\\nW. JOHNSON OUINN, Proprietor.\\nS", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "ILLUSTEATIONS.\\nThe State Capitol. Albany Frontispiece\\nThe Palisades Facing page 28\\nTomb of Gen. U. S. Grant 30\\nSugar Loaf 44\\nBreakneck Mountain 60\\nSlide Mountain and Shandakcn Valley 76\\nCranston s 84\\nView up Hudson from Hotel, West Point 100\\nView North from Upper Road, West Point 108\\nNewburgh 116\\nWashington s Headquarters at Newburgh 124\\nThe Poughkeepsie Bridge 132\\nKaaterskill Falls 140\\nTowing on the Hudson 144\\nHaines Falls 156\\nFurlough Lodge, Geo. Gould s Summer House 172\\nFleischman s Settlement, Delaware County 180\\nOtis Elevating Railroad, Catskill Mountains _._ 188\\nThe Chasm, Catskill Creek 204\\n(9)", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "HOTEL EARLINGTON\\nABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF.\\n27th Street West, near Broadway, NEW YORK CITY.\\nCenter of Shopping and Amusement District. European Plan.\\nRemodeled and refurnished at an expenditure of one\\nhundred and fifty thousand dollars.\\nTARIFF OF RATES.\\nSingle rooms, detached bath, I1.50 and I2.00\\nDouble rooms, detached bath, 2.00 and 3.00\\nDouble rooms, private bath, i person, $3.00 2 persons, 4.00\\nSuite of parlor, bedroom, and bath, $5.00, $6.00, $7.00 and 8.00\\nSuite of parlor, 2 bedrooms, and bath, 9.00 and 10. go\\nRESTAURANTS AND PALM ROOM.\\nTABLE D HOTE DINNER SIX TO EIGHT.\\nRICHFIELD SPRINGS, N. Y.\\nOn Lake Canadarago, 1,750 feet elevation,\\nTHE A/nERlCAN CURE AND PLEASURE RESORT.\\nHOTEL EARLINGTON,\\nOpposite Bathing Establishment.\\nOPEN JUNE TO OCTOBER. ACCOMMODATES 500 GUESTS.\\nST. JATV^ES HOXEL\\nLocated in Earlington Park. (Moderate rates.)\\nTHE GREAT WHITE SULPHUR SPRING BATHING\\nESTABLISHMENT.\\nFor the cure of Gout, Rheumatism, Sciatica, and nervous diseases.\\nWRITE roR BOOKLET E. M. EARLE Sc SON.\\n10", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "INTEODUCTION.\\nThe Hadson River gathers its waters from the central heights\\nof the Adirondacks, and these unite iuto a stream which at Fort\\nEdward, 180 miles from its mouth, becomes well defined. The\\nriver is narrow, tortuous, and rock-obstructed, however, as far\\nas Troy, thirty miles below and 150 from New York, where it\\nreaches the level ground at the foot of the mountains, and begins\\nthe stately career of usefulness and beauty which has given it\\na world-wide renown.\\nRivers are as various in their forms as forest trees. The\\nMississippi is like an oak with enormous branches. What a\\nbranch is the Red River, the Arkansas, the Ohio, the Missouri!\\nThe Hudsou is like the pine or poplar mainly trunk. From\\nNew York to Albany there is only an inconsiderable limb or two,\\nand but few gnarls and excrescences. Cut off the Rondout, the\\nEsopus, the Catskill, and two or three similar tributaries on the\\neast side, and only some twigs remain. There are some crooked\\nplaces, it is true, but on the whole the Hudsou presents a fine\\nsymmetrical shaft that would be hard to match in any river of\\nthe world. So wrote John Burroughs (Scribner s Ilontlily,\\nAugust, 1880), after living many years upon its bank; and he\\nadds:\\nOf the Hudson it may be said that it is a very large river for\\nits size; that is, lor the quantity of water it discharges into the\\nsea. Its water-shed is comparatively small less, I think, than\\nthat of the Connecticut. It is a huge trough with a very slight\\nincline, through which the current moves very slowly, and which\\nwould fill from the sea were its supplies from the mountains cut\\noff. Its fall from Albany to the bay is only about five feet.\\nAny object upon it, drifting with the current, progresses south-\\nward no more than eight miles in twenty-four hours. The ebb\\ntide will carry it about twelve miles, and the fiood set it back\\nfrom seven to nine. A drop of water at Albany, therefore, will\\nbe nearly three weeks in reaching New York, though it will get\\npretty well pickled some days earlier.\\n2 (11)", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "12 INTRODUCTION.\\nSome rivers by their volume and impetuosity penetrate the\\nsea, but here the sea is the aggressor, and sometimes meets the\\nmountain water nearly half-way.\\nIt is this character of the Hudson, this encroachment of the\\nsea upon it, that led Prof. Newberry to speak of it as a\\ndrowned river. We have heard of drowned lands, but here is a\\nriver overflowed and submerged in the same manner. It is quite\\ncertain, however, that this has not always been the character of\\nthe Hudson. Its great trough bears evidence of having been\\nworn to its present dimensions by much swifter and stronger\\ncurrents than those that course through it now. Hence, Pi of.\\nNewberry has recently advanced the bold and sti iking theory\\nthat in pre-glacial times this part of the continent was several\\nhundred feet higher than at present, and that the Hudson was\\nthen a very large and rapid stream, and drew its main supplies from\\nthe basin of the Great Lakes througii an ancient river-bed that\\nfollowed pretty nearly the line of the present Mohawk; in other\\nwords, that the waters of the St. Lawrence once found an outlet\\nthrough this channel, debouching into the ocean from a broad,\\nlittoral plain, at a point eighty miles southeast of New York,\\nwhere the sea now rolls 500 feet deep. According to the sound-\\nings of the coast survey, this ancient bed of the Hudson is\\ndistinctly marked upon the ocean floor to the point indicated.\\nTo the gradual subsidence of this part of the continent, in\\nconnection with the great changes wrought by the huge glacier\\nthat crept down from the north during what is called the\\nice period, is owing the character and aspects of the Hudson\\nas we see and know them. The Mohawk Valley was filled up by\\nthe drift, the Great Lakes scooped out, and an opening for their\\npent-up waters found through what is now the St. Lawrence.\\nThe trough of the Hudson was also partially filled, and has\\nremained so to the present day. There is, perhaps, no point in\\nthe river where the mud and clay are not from two to three times\\nas deep as the water.\\nThat ancient and grander Hudson lies back of us several hun-\\ndred thousand years perhaps more, for a million years are but as\\none tick of the time-piece of the Lord; yet even it was a juvenile\\ncompared with some of the rocks and mountains the Hudson of\\nto-day mirrors. The Highlands date from the earliest ideological\\nage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the primary; the river the old river from the latest, the\\ntertiary; and what that difference means in terrestrial years hath\\nnot entered into the mind of man to conceive. Yet how the ven-\\nerable mountains open their ranks for the stripling to pass\\nthrough! Of course, the river did not force its way through this\\nbarrier, but has doubtless found an opening there of which it has\\navailed itself, and which it has enlarged.\\nThe Hudson is now navigable to Troy for large steamers and\\nshipping; but this, of course, is due to the artificial deepening of", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 13\\nthe channel, which naturally is unnavigable for ships of even\\nmoderate size north of the city of Hudson. Opposite the city\\nof New York, the whole river is from fifty to seventy-five feet\\ndeep, and a good depth is maintained as far as Hastings by\\nthe scouring force of the tides along the comparatively narrow\\nchannel at the foot of the Palisades. Above that point, however,\\na far less depth of channel actually exists wherever the river is\\nbroad, and extensive shallows stretch between it and the shore, so\\nthat long wharves, or else dredged approaches to the landing\\nstages, are almost everywhere necessary. The Federal Govern-\\nment has spent large amounts of money in making and maintain-\\ning the ship-channel through the grassy shallows north of Catskill,\\nand such harbors as those at Rondout and Sanger ties. Moreover,\\nit appears sadly true that the channel of the lower river is\\nconstantly growing shallower dangerously so in the Tappan\\nSea; and this is due, it is said, to the reckless scattering there of\\nvast quantities of refuse from barges and canalboats as well as\\nof ashes from many steamboats. The principal otfenders are the\\nmen who carry bricks, and who dump overboard, wherever con-\\nvenient, on their return trip, the broken bricks and dust rejected\\nfrom the cargoes they carry to New York. As there are forty\\nto eighty canalboats in each tow, and from six to ten tows pass\\nup the Hudson every twenty four hours, it is easy to realize what\\na vast quantity of these broken bricks must be thrown into the\\nHudson each year to the detriment of the channel. And not only\\nare the bricks an evil in themselves, but they arrest mud and the\\nnatural silt which would otherwise be carried out to sea. These\\nfacts are mentioned here in the hope of calling public attention\\nto the evil. A Federal commission has been appointed to exam-\\nine into the question of deepening and preserving the river chan-\\nnel, but thus far it has done little or nothing.\\nThe river is closed by ice in winter throughout nearly its whole\\nextent. North of the Highlands the closure is usually permanent\\nduring January and February, at least, and sometimes longer.\\nNavigation ceases about the end of November, but the winter is\\nby no means a period of idleness upon the Hudson. In its\\nuppermost reaches, the lumbermen are busy, and the owners of\\nwater-power. Between Albany and the Highlands there is the\\nvast ice industry (see Chap. IV), and the sports of racing, skating,", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "14 INTRODUCTION.\\nand ice-boating on the ice; the steam ferryboats continue to run,\\nkeeping their paths open.\\nBelow the Highlands the ice is a less certain quantity, not\\ngrowing solidly from shore to shore, as a rule, and rarely available\\nfor cutting and saving, but drifting about in more or less compact\\nfloes, that lodge here and there for limited periods, and below\\nDobbs Ferry the river is entirely open more winters than it is\\nclosed. The ice-carriers travel all the year round between the\\ncity and Rockland Lake, and lightering and other business on the\\nriver near the city proceeds all winter with only rare and brief\\ninterruptions. This condition varies with seasons and periods,\\nhowever; and not only the lower river, but the whole harbor, has\\nbeen frozen solid for weeks together, as happened during the\\nRevolutionary War.\\nThe river breaks up in March, usually. Burroughs tells us,\\nthough in some seasons not till April.\\nIt is no sudden and tumultuous breaking of the fetters, as\\nin more rapid and fluctuating streams, but a slow and deliberate\\nmovement of the whole body of the ice, like an enormous raft\\nquietly untied. You are looking out upon the usually rigid and\\nmotionless surface, when presently you are conscious that some\\npoint, perhaps a cedar bough used by the ice men, or the large\\nblack square of open water which they recently uncovered, has\\nchanged its place; you take steadier aim with your eye, and with\\na thrill of pleasure discover that the great ice-fields are slowly\\ndrifting southward.\\nAfter the ice is once in motion, a few hours suffice to break\\nit up pretty thoroughly. Then what a wild, chaotic scene the\\nriver presents\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in one part of the day the great masses hurrying\\ndown stream, crowding and jostling each other, and struggling\\nfor the right of way; in the other, all running up stream again, as\\nif sure of escape in that direction. Thus they race up and down,\\nthe sport of the ebb and flow, but the flow wins each time by\\nsome distance. Large fields from above, where the men were at\\nwork but a day or two since, come down; there is their pond\\nyet clearly defined and full of marked ice; yonder is a section of\\ntheir canal partly filled with the square blocks on their way to\\nthe elevators; a piece of a race-course, or a part of a road where\\nteams crossed, comes drifting by. The people up above have\\nwritten their winter pleasure and occupations upon this page, and\\nwe read the signs as the tide bears it slowly past. Some calm,\\nbright days the scattered and diminished masses flash by, like\\nwhite clouds across an April sky.\\nDucks now begin to appear upon the river, and the sports-", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 15\\nman, with his white canvas cap and cape, crouched in his low\\nwhite skiff, simulates as far as possible a shapeless mass of snow-\\nice, and thus seeks to drift upon them.\\nWhen the chill of the ice is out of the river, and of the snow\\nand frost out of the air, the fishermen along shore are on the look-\\nout for the first arrival of shad. A few days of warm south\\nwind, the latter part of April, will soon blow them up; it is true,\\nalso, that a cold north wind will as quickly blow them back.\\nPreparations have been making for them all winter. In many a\\nfarm house or other humble dw elling along the river, the ancient\\noccupation of kniltiog of fish-nels has been plied through the\\nlong wdnter evenings, perhaps every grown member of the house-\\nhold, the mother and her daughters, as well as the father and his\\nsons, lending a hand.\\nThe ordinary gill or drift net used for shad-fishing in the\\nHudson is from a half to three quarters of a mile long, and thirty\\nfeet wide, containing about fifty or sixty pounds of fine linen\\ntwine, and it is a labor of many months to knit one. Formerly\\nthe fish were taken mainly by immense seines, hauled by a large\\nnumber of men; but now all the deeper part of the river is fished\\nwith the long, delicate gill-nets, that drift to and fro with the tide,\\nand are managed by two men in a boat. The net is of fine linen\\nthread, and is practically invisible to the shad in the obscure river\\ncurrent; it hangs suspended perpendicularly in the w\\\\atcr, kept in\\nposition by buoys at the top and by w eights at the bottom; the\\nbuoys are attached by cords twelve or fifteen feet long, which\\nallow the nets to sink out of the reach of the keels of passing\\nvessels. The net is thrown out on ihe ebb tide, stretching nearly\\nacross the river, and drifts down and then back on the flood, the\\nfish being snared behind the gills in their efforts to pass through\\nthe meshes.\\nThe shad campaign is one that requires pluck and endur-\\nance; no regular sleep, no regular meals, wet and cold, heat and\\nwind and tempest, and no great gains at last. But the sturgeon\\nfishers, who come later, and are seen the whole summer through,\\nhave an indolent, lazy time of it. They fish around the slack-\\nwater, catching the last of the ebb and the first of the flow, and\\nhence drift but little either way. To a casual observer they\\nappear as if anchored and asleep. But they wake up when they\\nhave a strike, which may be every day, or not once a week.\\nThe fisherman keeps his eye on his line of buoys, and wdien tw^o or\\nmore of them are hauled under, he knows his game has run foul of\\nthe net, and he hastens to the point. The sturgeon is a pig, with-\\nout a pig s obstinacy. He spends much of the time rooting and\\nfeeding in the mud at the bottom, and encounters the net, which\\nis also a gill-net, coarse and strong, when he goes abroad. He\\nstrikes and is presently hopelessly entangled, when he comes to\\nthe top, and is pulled into the boat, like a great sleepy sucker.", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "16 INTRODUCTION.\\nThe Discovery of the Hudson is popularly attributed to that\\nold sea-dog, Henry Hudson, whose name it bears. He was not\\nits discoverer, but he became its exponent and exploiter; and is\\nentitled to all the distinction the attachment of his name to this\\nmost important and beautiful river is able to confer upon him.\\nAs early as 1524, the Florentine navigator, Verrazano, an\\nofficer of the French king, Francis I., while coasting the shore of\\nthe lately discovered continent, entered the present bay of New\\nYork, and ascended it for some distance. How far is not known;\\nbut he must have gone at least to the Palisades, for he described\\nthe stream as The River of the Steep Hills. This was the\\nfirst sight of it by a European of which we have any certain\\nrecord; and on a map issued in 1629, compiled partly from Verra-\\nzaao s charts, the name San Germano is written at the mouth\\nof the Hudson.\\nIn 1525, the next year after Verrazano s visit, came Gomez, a\\nPortuguese, sailing under the Spanish flag along the American\\ncontinent, in search of that great desideratum of all the early voy-\\nager.j, a short-cut to the East Indies. He knew nothing about Ver-\\nrazano, but this opening in the coast attracted his attention, and\\nhe entered it\u00e2\u0080\u0094 probably on St. Anthony s Day (January 17th), for\\nhe gave the river, which he explored for some distance, the name\\nRio San Antonio. In Ribero s chart, which was partly drawn\\nfrom an outline map by Gomez, the country from Maryland to\\nRhode Island is named the Land of Estevan Gomez and it\\nhas even been suggested that the Spaniards who put the whole\\nriver under holy St. Anthony s care were the first to notice that\\ngrand old cliff in the Highlands which quizzingly symbolizes the\\nsaint s nose. It is true that Dutch Anthonys innumerable\\nhave claimed the honor, but until they settle the disputes among\\nthemselves, who shall say that Gomez never saw San Antonio s\\nNose?\\nThe Dutch, who were the most energetic and intelligent sea\\nrovers and traders of that time, were quick to profit by these and\\nother discoveries. The archives of The Netherlands show that\\nDutch captains explored all this part of the American coast in\\n1598, and that they frequented the territory, though without\\nmaking any fixed settlements, except a shelter in the winter;\\nfor which purpose they erected on the North (Hudson) and", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 17\\nSoutli (Delaware) rivers there, two little forts against the incur-\\nsi ns of the Indians (iV, Y. Col. Doc, Vol. I, p. 149). This is\\nnot at all unlikely, considering the fact that prior to 1598 three\\nDutch voyages had been made to within 9\u00c2\u00b0 of the pole.\\nThus Henry Hudson had several predecessors, and his mission\\nwas not to discover but to examine the river, of which he knew\\nas much as the rest of the world of geographers and naval\\nofficers, and more than most of them, for he had had translated for\\nhis own use the ancient sailing directions of the Icelanders who\\nwere accustomed to visit the northern part of the western conti-\\nnent; and Capt. John Smith had supplied him with notes derived\\nfrom the voyages of liimself, Gosnold, and other adventurers\\ninto Virginia.\\nTwice this man had tried to reach China by way of the arctic\\nseas north of Europe, and each time had failed to penetrate the\\nice fields beyond North Cape. A third time he tried it, sailing\\nfrom Amsterdam under the Dutch flag, and in the yacht\\nHalf Moon (Ilaalve Maan)^ on March 25, 1609. Again meeting a\\nsolid barrier of ice, however, he turned his prow westward and\\nheld that course until the cliffs of Greenland arose over the tip of\\nhis bowsprit. Then he coasted southward, and in September\\n(1609) entered what is now New York Bay, and sailed up our\\ngreat river, landing now and then, until he reached the head of\\nship navigation somewhere near the present city of Hudson.\\nThen he sent a boat-load of his men still farther, and they\\nexamined the river to beyond the mouth of the Mohawk, and\\ncame to the conclusion that this was not a channel through to\\nthe East Indies. The mind likes to dwell upon this voyage,\\nwhose incidents would be retold here were space available.\\nI think, exclaims N. P. Willis, of all excitements in the\\nworld, that of the first discovery and exploration of a noble river\\nmust be the most eager and enjoyable. Fancy the bold\\nEnglishman, as the Dutch called Hendrich Hudson, steering\\nhis little yacht, the Haalve Maan, for the first time through the\\nHighlands. Imagine his anxiety for the channel, forgotten as he\\ngazed up at the towering rocks, and round the green shores, and\\nonward, past point and opening bend, miles away into the heart\\nof the country; yet with no lessening of the glorious stream\\nbeneath him, and no decrease of promise in the bold and luxu-\\nriant shores! Picture him lying at anchor below Newburgh,\\nwith the dark pass of the Wey-Gat frowning behind him, the", "height": "3175", "width": "1995", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "18 INTRODUCTION.\\nlofty and blue Catskills beyond, and the hillsides around covered\\nwith the red lords of the soil, exhibitinf^ only less wonder than\\nfriendliness. And how beautifully was the assurance of welcome\\nexpressed, when the very kind old man brought a bunch of\\narrows, and broke them before the stranger, to induce him to\\npartake fearlessly of his hospitality!\\nOn the 4th of October, the Half Moon came out of the great\\nmouth of the great river, and steered ofif into the main sea,\\non a direct course toward Holland, where its commander made\\nhaste to report the goodly land and opportunity for trade which\\nhe had found and aptly appraised. Commerce at once followed\\nin his track. The Half Moon uever returned, but was wrecked\\nat the Island of jMauritius; and a few years later Hudson himself\\nof whom we know almost nothing outside of the eventful years\\nbetween 1607 and 1611 was set adrift in an open boat by a\\nmutinous crew, and left to perish in the arctic expanse of Hudson\\nBay.\\nAn interesting article by Miss Susan Fenimore Cooper, in\\nVol. IV of the Magdzine of American History, upon the names\\nwhich the Hudson has borne, sketches the early history of the\\nriver thus:\\nWhen Hudson returned to Amsterdam with the report of his\\nvoyage, he spoke of the fine river he had explored as the\\nManhattes, from the name of the people who dwelt at its\\nmouth. In 1610, a Dutch ship, freighted with goods to\\nsuit the savages, anchored in the bay, at the mouth of the I iver\\nof the Manhattes, and from that date a succession of the small,\\nuncouth, but serviceable craft in favor among the early explorers\\nand commercial adventurers of the period, showed themselves in\\nthe waters of the Great River of the Manhattans the Little\\nFox, the Nightingale, the Little Crane, the Tiger, tlie Fortune,\\npassed the Narrows. In 1613, Adrian Block and his comrades\\nwintered in the country, building themselves rude huts, probably\\nof bark, for shelter. It was in consequence of the discoveries\\nmade by Block and his companions, in 1614, that the new country\\nfirst received a civilized name in the charter granted the New\\nNelherland Company in 1616, and at the same period the Man-\\nhattans River, having been fully explored, leceived the legal\\nname of De Riviere van den Vorst Mauritius. That great mili-\\ntary genius. Prince Moritz, was then stadtholder, and the idol of\\nhis countrymen, his whole life having been a series of battles,\\nsieges, and victories. He was in the full vigor of life and talent\\nwhen Hudson, with the Haalve Maan, entered the grand stream.", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 19\\nThe English, only a few years earlier, had given the name of\\nKing James I, to a fine stream in Virginia. It was very natural\\nthat the New Netherlands Company should give the name of their\\nstadtholder. Prince Maurice of Orange, to the river whose banks\\nthey were about to colonize. The same stream, however, was\\noften spoken of as the Groote Riviere, the Noordt Riviere, the\\nRiver of the Manhattans, and the Rio de Montague. The name\\nof Hudson was never, at any time, connected with its waters by\\nthe Dutch. In 16!34 De Laet wrote his JS ew World; or. Descrip-\\ntion of the West Indies, and at that date he distinctly says\\nthat the Great North River of the New Netherlands was by some\\ncalled the Manhattes River, from the people who dwelt near its\\nmouth; by others, also, Rio de Montague, or River of the Mount-\\nain; by some, also, Nassau, but by our own countrymen it was\\ngenerally called the Great River.\\nBy this time the river had been thoroughly explored as far as\\nthe mouth of the Mohawk. A regular traffic with the different\\ntribes on its banks had begun; Mohegan and Mohawk, Tappaen\\nand Munsee, brought their peltries to the pale-faces. The rude\\ntrading boats, passing to and fro, had already noted and named\\nthe different reaches, or raches, in the stream, its islands, and\\nsome of the hills on its banks, from Manhattas to Beverwyck.\\nOnly one remark needs to be added, a word of explanation of\\nthe term North Rider, which is still used commonly in New York\\nCity. The North River {Noordt Riviere) ^vas originally and\\nnaturally so called by the Dutch colonists to distinguish it from\\nthe South (Zui/dt Riviere), which was the Delaware, and not at\\nall with reference to the East River, which was on the eastern\\nside of the island. At present the term North River is coming to be\\nrestricted to the harbor part of it between New York and Jersey\\nCity; but half a century ago it was still the designation most com-\\nmonly applied to the whole stream. The English, indeed, had\\nalwaj s spoken of it as Hudson s River, but the Dutch never did\\nso; and the use of the name Hudson River by the railway com-\\npany along its eastern bank has probably done more than any\\nother agency to displace the old term and fasten Hudson s name\\nin popular speech.\\nFrom the time of the beginning of English rule in New York\\nuntil the revolt of the colonists against the Crown, the history of\\nthe Hudson is simply that of the development of local trade and\\nsea-going commerce in the eastern colonies. At the beginning of\\nthe Revolution, New York was already among the foremost sea-\\nports, and the Hudson Valley was the most populous and impor-", "height": "3164", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "20 INTRODUCTION.\\ntant highway to the interior, north of the Delaware, and had an\\nespecial strategic value from the fact that it furnished a direct\\nwater route between the southern seacoast and the English strong-\\nholds in Canada. Its possession was therefoi-e of vilal importance\\nto the American patriots, since, if they lost it, New England would\\nbe separated by the enemy from the southern colonies. During the\\nwhole war, therefore, a struggle for the possession of the Hud-\\nson went on, and many of the most thrilling and consequential\\noperations of both armies were conducted in this valley, begin-\\nning with the capture of Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point,\\nMay 10, 1775, held by the British as the key to the gateway of\\nCanada. Many of these are particularly spoken of in the follow-\\ning pages in connection with the places where they occurred; and\\nhere it is intended only to give an outline connecting them chron-\\nologically.\\nAfter the evacuation of Boston (March 17, 1776), Washington\\ngathered the main body of the army at New York, which was\\nthreatened by the British forces, and assembled it upon fortified\\nhills, now included in the city of Brooklyn. After these were\\ncaptured by the British (August 27, 1776), the American army\\nescaped to fortified camps at White Plains, in Westchester County,\\nwhere, on July 9, 1776, a provincial assembly had proclaimed\\nNew York s adhesion to the Declaration of Independence.\\nDriven from there after the battle of White Plains (October 28,\\n1776), and the fall of Foit Washington and the neighboring\\nredoubts (November 16, 1776), the remnant of the army was with-\\ndrawn to New Jersey, and a line of defense was made east of the\\nHackensack, leaving the British in possession of the western\\nshore from the Palisades down to Jersey City, Then followed\\nthe retreat southward of the American army, and the campaign\\nin the Delaware Valley, marked by the battles of Trenton and\\nPrinceton, and succeeded by the terrible winter at Valley Forge\\n(1777-78).\\nMeanwhile, at the end of 1775, a fruitless expedition invaded\\nCanada, but was repulsed, and, in July, 1777, Burgoyne attempted\\nto descend by the Hudson River route from Canada, and forced\\nhis way as far as Saratoga. Sir Henry Clinton prepared to meet\\nhim by sending an army northward, which captured the forts guard-\\ning the Highlands, enabling a squadron of British war vessels to", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 21\\nascend the river, plundering the villages along the shores, and\\nfinally destroying Kingston, where, in the preceding April, the first\\nState Legislature had assembled and adopted the constitution.\\nNevertheless, Clinton failed to succor Burgoyne, vk^ho surrendered\\nhis army. to Gates at Saratoga on October 17, 1777.\\nThus far the operations had been principally in New Jersey\\nand Pennsylvania, but the concentration of the British forces in\\nNew York, early in 1778, caused Washington to take the army\\nnorthward, where the battle of Monmouth was fought on June\\n29, 1778, The winter was passed in the vicinity of Morristown.\\nIn the following summer, in 1779, Stony Point was captured by\\nthe Americans, and Washington regained complete possession of\\nthe Highlands and the river, which were then scientifically\\nfortified.\\nFrom this time on, the Highlands of the Hudson were con-\\nstantly garrisoned, and, after September, 1778, the main army\\nwas quartered in the neighborhood of Newburgh, except when it\\nmoved to Virginia for the Yorktown campaign, which resulted in\\nthe capture of Cornwallis; after which the army returned to the\\nHighlands to be disbanded, at the close of the war, in 1783.\\nThe principal incident of this period, which saw no local\\nbattles after the recovery of Stony Point, was the treason of\\nArnold, and the arrest and execution of Andr(5, in September,\\n1780,\\nAfter the close of the war, business revived more quickly and\\nvigorously, perhaps, along the Hudson Valley than anywhere\\nelse. Each of the existing large towns Newburgh, Poughkeep-\\nsie, Rondout, Albany considered itself a seaport, and strove to\\nbring to itself not only the country trade but foreign commerce,\\nHudson was called into existence, with a rush, by a company of\\nspeculative whaling masters and marine merchants. Turnpikes\\nwere built inland from each town. Whaling and fishing craft\\nwere built and manned and sent out from the up-river towns.\\nAlbany and Troy secured improvements of the upper channel to\\ngive them an equal chance. Lines of fast and regular passenger\\nsloops, as well as freight vessels, were organized, and the riv^er\\ntowns throve and made good headway, even against New York.\\nBut prosperity in this line was biief. In 1807 the first steamboats\\nwere introduced, and they ran for years on the Hudson before", "height": "3164", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "22 INTRODUCTION.\\nthey were established elsewhere. The tendency of the new con-\\nveyance by cheapening and quickening the carriage of both\\ngoods and passengers to minister to the supremacy of the great\\ntown nearest the mouth of the river, was at once foreseen; and\\nwhen the Erie Canal and the Delaware Hudson Canal were\\nopened, between 1830 and 1840, and tugs were ready to haul the\\ncanalboats and barges straight on to New York, the end of the\\nup-river towns as seaports and rivals of New York City was at\\nhand. It was fully accomplished a few years later by the build-\\ning of the railway.\\nMeanwhile, however, the country along both sides of the\\nriver had developed, and the townsmen, adapting themselves to\\nnew condiiions, iiad built up local trade and manufactures, which\\nhave rendered them newly prosperous, and are year by year\\nadding to their numbers and possessions.\\nThese things are highly interesting to the historian, the philos-\\nopher, and the man-of affairs, whose desire for information of this\\nkind has not been neglected in the following pages; but to the\\nordinary tourist the river remains chiefly interesting for the beauty\\nof its scenery, for the romantic associations that cluster about i!s\\npast and its present, and for the magnificent homes along its\\nbanks, and the conspicuous people who dwell in them.\\nI thank God, exclaims Washington Irving, I was born on\\nthe banks of the Hudson and I fancy I can trace much\\nof what is good and pleasant in my own heterogeneous compound\\nto my early companionship with this glorious river. In the\\nwarmth of my youthful enthusiasm, I used to clothe it with\\nmoral attributes, and almost to give it a soul. I admired its\\nfrank, bold, honest character; its noble sincerity aud perfect truth.\\nHere was no specious, smiling surface, covering the dangerous\\nsand-bar or perfidious rock; but a stream deep as it was broad,\\nand bearing with honorable faith the bark that trusted to its\\nwaves. I gloried in its simple, quiet, majestic, epic flow; ever\\nstraight forward. Once, indeed, it turns aside for a moment,\\nforced from its course by opposing mountains, but it struggles\\nbravely through them, and immediately resumes its straight-\\nforward march. Behold, thought I, an emblem of a good man s\\ncourse through life; ever simple, open, and direct; or if, over-\\npowered by adverse circumstances, he deviate into error, it is but\\nmomentary; he soon recovers his onward and honorable career,\\nand continues it to the end of his pilgrimage.\\nThe Hudson is, in a manner, my first and last love: and\\nafter all my wanderings and seeming infidelities, I return to it", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION. 23\\nwith a heart-felt preference over ail the other rivers in the world.\\nI seem to catch new life as I bathe in its ample billows and inhale\\nthe pure breezes of its hills. It is true, the romance of youth is\\npast, that once spread illusions over every scene. I can no longer\\npicture an Arcadia in every green valley; nor a fairy land among\\nthe distant mountains; nor a peerless beauty in every villa gleam-\\ning among the trees; but though the illusions of youth have\\nfaded from the landscape, the recollections of departed years and\\ndeparted pleasures shed over it the mellow charm of evening\\nsunshine.\\nHUDSON RIVER STEAMBOATS AND RAILWAYS.\\nSteamboats All the lines of steamboats plying upon the\\nHudson Iliver between New York and up-river landings have\\ntheir wharves in New York upon the western, or North River,\\nside of the city. They are as follows:\\nAlbany Bay Line Steamers leave New York every morning in\\nsummer (except Sunday) from Desbrosses Street at 8,40, and\\nW. 22d Street at 9.00 a. m., for Albany and principal inter-\\nmediate points, arriving at Albany at 6.10 p. m. Fare, $2.00;\\nexcursion, |3.50.\\nPeojJle s Line Steamers leave New York every day (except\\nSunday), from Pier 32, N. R., foot of Canal Street, at 6.00 p. m.,\\nfor Albany, arriving there at 6.00 a. m. next day. Fare, |1.50.\\nCitizens Line Steamers leave New York every da}^ (except\\nSaturday), from Pier 46, foot of W. 10th Street, at 6.00 p. m.. for\\nTroy, arriving there at 6.00 a. m. next day. The Sunday steamer\\ntouches at Albany. Fare, $1.50; excursion, $2.50.\\nMary Powell Steamboat Co. Steamer Mary Powell leaves\\nNew York every day (except Saturday), from Desbrosses Street\\nPier at 3.15 p. m., and W. 22d Street Pier at 3.30 p. m. (from\\nMay 21st to October 15th), for Rondout, Kingston, and inter-\\nmediate points. Saturdays at 1.45 p. m. from Desbrosses Street\\nPier, and from AV. 22d Street Pier at 2.00 p. m.\\nCatskill Evening Line Steamers leave New York every day\\n(except Sunday), from Pier 43, foot of Christopher Street, at 6.00\\np. m., for Catskill, Hudson, and Coxsackie, connecting at Hudson\\nwith the Boston Albany llailroad. During July and August ex-\\ntra boat on Saturdays at 1.30 p. m. Fare, $1.00; excursion, $1.70.\\nThe new boat Onteora beran runnins? with the season of 1898.", "height": "3164", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "24 INTRODUCTION.\\nSaugerties Evening Line leaves from foot of Christopher Street,\\nNorth River, every week-daj^ at 6.00 p. m. for Hyde Park, Rhiue-\\nbeck, Barry town, Ulster Landing, Tivoli, and Saugerties. Fare,\\n11.00 excursion, $1.50. During July and August Saturday boat\\nleaves at 1.00 p. m.\\nKingston Poiighkeejme Line of Steamers leave New York\\nfrom Pier 24, N. R., foot of Franklin Street, at 4.00 p. m., every\\nday (except Sunday); Saturday at 1.00 p. m., for Newburgli,\\nNew Hamburgh, Marlborough, Milton, Poughkeepsie, Highland,\\nEsopus, and Rondout, connecting Avith U. D. R. R. trains for\\nall points in Catskill Mountains. Fare, 75 cents; excursion, $1.25.\\nNewhurgh Line Steamers leave New York every day from\\nPier 24, N. R., foot of Franklin Street, at 5.00 p. m.; Sunday,\\n9.00 a. m., for Newburgh and intermediate points. Fare, 50\\ncents; excursion, $1.00.\\nRailways.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Six railways extend into the Hudson Valley from\\nNew York, as follows:\\nNew York Central IIudsDn River Railroad. Station, Grand\\nCentral Depot, Fourth Avenue and 42d Street. This road passes\\nup the valley of the Harlem to the mouth of the Spuyten Duyvil,\\nand then closely skirts the eastern margin of the river all the way\\nto Albany and Troy. Its service is frequent and rapid, and a seat\\non the river side of one of its trains affords the passenger an\\nadmirable view of nearly all the scenery. The New York and\\nPutnam Division runs northward from 155th Street as far as\\nSing Sing, touching Yonkers and other smaller towns.\\nWest Shore Railroad. This railroad has its terminus in\\nWeehawken, N. J. which is reached from New York by ferries\\nfrom the foot of Franklin and W. 42d streets. It passes through\\nand along the rear of the Palisades to Haverstraw, and thence\\nalong the edge of the river through the Highlands, as far as a few\\nmiles above Poughkeepsie, when it turns inland. The Ontar.o cO\\nWestern Ilailicay uses its tracks as far as Cornwall.\\nErie Railroad. This, the first company to reach the lower\\nHudson, runs by branches from Jersey City to Piermont, Corn-\\nwall, and Newburgh. It is reached from New York by ferries\\nfrom the foot of Chambers and W. 23d streets. Ferry from New-\\nburgh to Fishkill.\\nThe Northern Railroad of New Jersey runs from the Erie\\nstation in Jersey City along the rear of the Palisades, through a\\nhistoric and beautiful country to Nyack. Ferry to Tarrytown.", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "HUDSON RIVER GUIDE-BOOK\\nNEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nLet us begin our Descriptive Tour of the River at the ]S e w\\nYork wharf of some up-river steamer, say an Albany or\\nTroy day -line boat, and stand as observers upon its deck while\\nthe voyage proceeds. Thus both shores of the noble water- way\\nwill be under our eyes at once, and we can proceed compre-\\nhensively.\\nImmediately opposite us, as the steamer leaves her wharf,\\nstretching downward along the western shore of the harbor, are\\nthe wharves, w^arehouses, sugar-refineries, and railway stations of\\nJersey City. Of the last, the most prominent is the huge arched\\nstation and train house of the Pennsylvania Eailroad, the great\\ncentral line East and South. Just above it the tall Lorillard\\ntobacco-works are seen and a mile farther the elevators, stations,\\nand ferry landings of the Erie Railway (New York, Lake Erie\\nWestern), the terminus of the main line not only, but of the branch\\nto Newburgh and Picrmont, and of the New Jersey Northern Rail\\nroad to Nyack. Still farther on is the river-side terminus of the\\nDelaware, Lackawanna Western Railroad.\\nThe expanded channel here is crowded with ocean stcamsliips\\nand the white hulls of the boats that run up the river to ports on\\nLong Island Sound and to tlie ocean beaches. A score of ferry-\\nboats at once ai e crossing from shore to shore, and three times\\nas many more may be counted in their slips. Great steamers,\\nEuropean liners, coasters to the Gulf of Mexico, the West Indies,\\nand South America; men-of-war, at anchor; numberless tugs,\\nracing about alone, proudly towing some noble ship to sea, or\\nlaboriously dragging a long line of piclunsque barges; and\\ninnumerable sailing-craft, large and small, foreign and domestic,\\ndignified and ridiculous all these meet and pass and cross one\\nanother s bows with little hindrance, for there is room enough for\\neach.\\nThe New York shore shows simply a straight array of wharves\\nand warehouses, crowded with ocean steamships, the names of\\nwhose lines may be read in large letters, but these thin out\\n3 (25)", "height": "3164", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "2Q NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nabove 23d Street, where most of llie Hudson River boats\\nstop (actually at the foot of W. 22d Street) for up-town pas-\\nsengers. The city s available water-front on North River is\\nsaid to be no less than thirteen miles in extent, but only the\\nlower part of this is devoted to commerce as yet, fortunately for\\nthe sight-seeing traveler.\\nMeanwhile a bushy headland has attracted attention on the\\nNew. Jersey shore, where Hoboken has succeeded Jersey City,\\nnorth of an invisible boundary line, just above the Erie terminus,\\nand about at the place where the half-dug tunnel underlies\\nthe river. This is Stevens Point, opposite 14th Street, New\\nYork, the site of Stevens Castle, the homestead of the late\\nCommodore Stevens, who formerly owned a large tract of land\\nnear it, and founded the Stevens Institute of Technology, whose\\nbuildings now occupy the Point. The man and the place became\\nfamous during the Civil War in connection with the huge float-\\ning fortress called the Stevens Battery, which was constructed\\nthere, at the commodore s expense, for the defense of the harbor,\\nbut was never used.\\nThe lowlands north of this Point are called The Elysian Fields\\na resort for Sunday afternoon strolling, of which our grand-\\nfathers and grandmothers in their young days were very fond,\\nbut which has now lost its beauty and good repute together.\\nClose behind it is seen the rocky front of Bergen Hill, a long\\nridge of trap rock which forms the backbone of the peninsula\\nbetween the valleys of the Hudson and those of the Hackensack\\nRiver and Newark Bay, which are two miles west, and parallel\\nwith our river. This ridge steadily increases in height and bold-\\nness forward and is occupied north of Hoboken by Hudson City,\\ncovering West Hoboken and Union Hill in one municipality.\\nNearer the water, and next north of the Elysian Fields, comes\\nWeehawken a name, like Hoboken, which is a corruption of\\nan Indian term learned by the earliest colonists. None of these\\ntowns, upon close acquaintance, gain much over the unprepossess-\\ning appearance they have from tbe water, and they are inhabited\\nmainly by foreigners, principally Germans.\\nTHE BURR-HAMILTON DUEL.\\nThe Weehawken shore has a melancholy interest as the scene\\nof that sad duel between Hamilton and Burr which ended the", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "i\\nIrmt", "height": "3164", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "26 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nabove 23d Street, where most of llie Hudson Kiver boats\\nstop (actually at the foot of W. 22d Street) for up-town pas-\\nsengers. The city s available water-front on North River is\\nsaid to be no less than thirteen miles in extent, but only the\\nlower part of this is devoted to commerce as yet, fortunately for\\nthe sight-seeing traveler.\\nMeanwhile a bushy headland has attracted attention on the\\nNew, Jersey shore, where Hoboken has succeeded Jersey City,\\nnorth of an invisible boundary liuc, just above the Erie terminus,\\nacd about at the place where the half-dug tunnel underlies\\nthe river. This is Stevens Point, opposite 14th Street, New\\nYork, the site of Stevens Castle, the homestead of the late\\nCommodore Stevens, who formerly owned a large tract of land\\nnear it, and founded the Stevens Institute of Technology, whose\\nbuildings now occupy the Point. The man and the place became\\nfamous during the Civil War in connection with the huge float-\\ning fortress called the Stevens Battery, which was constructed\\nthere, at the commodore s expense, for the defense of the harbor,\\nbut was never used.\\nThe lowlands north of this Point are called The Elysian Fields\\na resort for Sunday afternoon strolling, of which our grand-\\nfathers and grandmothers in their young days were very fond,\\nbut which has now lost its beauty and good repute together.\\nClose behind it is seen the rocky front of Bergen Hill, a long\\nridge of trap rock which forms the backbone of the peninsula\\nbetween the valleys of the Hudson and those of the HacUensack\\nRiver and Newark Bay, which are two miles west, and parallel\\nwith our river. This ridge steadily increases in height and bold-\\nness forward and is occupied north of Hoboken by Hudson City,\\ncovering West Hoboken and Union Hill in one municipality.\\nNearer the water, and next north of the Elysian Fields, comes\\nWeehawken a name, like Hoboken, which is a corruption of\\nan Indian term learned by the earliest colonists. None of these\\ntowns, upon close acquaintance, gain much over the unprepossess-\\ning appearance they have from tbe water, and they are inhabited\\nmainly by foreigners, principally Germans.\\nTHE BURR-HA.MILT0N DUEL.\\nThe Weehawken shore has a melancholy interest as the scene\\nof that sad duel between Hamilton and Burr which ended the", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "^A", "height": "3164", "width": "1950", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3142", "width": "1996", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "^^f-\\n4\\nT\\nr^^^S^^\\nM?.\\ny-r:^\\njs I a\\n^l^\\n3 a\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a02^3 Q Vx_S-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2j Of\\n3 \u00c2\u00bb04 ;i.", "height": "2218", "width": "5172", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "^Y\\nB", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 27\\ncareers of two exceedingly talented men. It took place upon a\\ngrassy plateau at the foot of the cliff just south of the present\\nWest Shore Railroad ferry-houses, in the early morning of July\\n11, 1804.\\nAlexander Hamilton was one of the most cultivated, most tal-\\nented, honorable, and patriotic men of his time. He had been of\\ndistinguished service during the years of the Revolution, and to\\nhis genius the financial recovery of the United States at the\\nclose of that war was mainly due. Among the men whose\\npublic course he combatted was the Vice-President, Aaron Burr,\\na man of brilliant talents, but of erratic and vindictive character.\\nBurr seized upon the pretext of some idle gossip to make a\\nquarrel with Hamilton, and sent a challenge of such a nature as,\\naccording to the social rule of the time, Hamilton felt bound to\\naccept, though well aware that he had been innocent of any real\\noffense. They met at Weehawken, and Hamilton was mortally\\nwounded at the first fire, he making no attempt to reply with his\\nown pistol. His death, the next day, was mourned as a public\\ncalamity, and Burr was treated with almost universal execration\\nuntil he sank into a bitter and miserable obscurity.\\nOn the hill-top above the place where this duel was fought\\nlay the large estate and stone house of the King family. The\\nmansion still stands, but it and the grounds (to which Col. King\\ncarried the bowider against wdiich Hamilton fell, and inscribed it\\nwith the initials A. H.) are now occupied by an immense summer\\ngarden and amusement place named El Dorado, where outdoor\\nspectacular exhibitions were given, with music, and refreshments,\\nand decorous merry-making of all sorts in the open air, until the\\nenterprise became unprofitable.\\nWhat a change is here! exclaims a recent newspaper\\nobserver. The quintessence of paradox is reached when in this\\nold King house which, after the battle of Brandy wine, was the\\nheadquarters of Gen. Lafayette, are now quartered 150 chorus\\ngirls, who nightly flit across the El Dorado stage. In the great\\nhigh-studded rooms with fluted cornices, where Lafayette and\\nhis staff lived, are now placed little cot beds, five or six in a room;\\nand round the old table which has many a time shaken with the\\npounding of fists as General and afterward President Washing-\\nton was toasted in sound old Madeira, now sit a dozen or more\\nSpanish coryphees, who chatter Spanish and eat roast chicken\\nand drink fresh milk every morning.\\nIt is the same red sun that sinks down behind the blue hills\\nof New Jersey now that sank down a hundred years ago, but\\nwhat a different scene it said good-evening to then. There was\\nno teeming city across the river, no huge white steamers making", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "", "height": "1504", "width": "5171", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "28 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nup and down, no El Dorado, with its dancing lights and moving\\ncrowds, no yellow-haired coryphees. All was different, except\\nthe old square stone house. Doubtless before the door stood a\\ngentleman in a cocked hat and buckled shoes and plum-colored\\nsmall-clothes, and by his side, mayhap, was a lady in a line hat,\\nwith waving ostrich feathers, and a King Charles Spaniel chased\\nacross the lawn where now chases the white and woolly trick\\npoodle.\\nThe lofty iron structure in front of the El Dorado grounds is a\\nstructure containing elevators, and supporting a railroad no\\nlonger in service. The large wharves and ferry-landings just\\nabove it belong to the terminal station of the Ncio York, West\\nShore Buffalo Railroad, familiarly called West Shore, which\\npasses through Bergen Ridge by a tunnel immediately in the rear\\nof the station. Its ferryboats run thence to Franklin Street, down-\\ntown, and to the foot of W. 42d Street, nearly opposite. Trains\\nof the New York, Ontario Western Railroad also use this station\\nard the tracks of the West Shore Railroad as far as Cornwall.\\nAbove this point the shore becomes a series of bold rocks,\\ncrowned by the straggling houses and breweries of Union Hill and\\nGuttenberg, with the Moorish towers of the distant monastery and\\nchurch of the Passionist fathers as the only building worth mention.\\nThe cliffs gradually increase in height and abruptness, become more\\nwooded, and are sparsely inhabited. They may be reached by an\\nelectric railroad from the ferry, connecting northward to Fort\\nLee and Englewood.\\nMeanwhile, on the right the densely populous, busy part of\\nthe metropolis is rapidly gliding astern, and the best residential\\npart, which succeeds it on this northerly high ground along the\\nriver, is now hidden by the verdant margin of\\nRiverside Park and Drive. This beautiful littoral park,\\nsays Ingersoll s Week in New York, lies along the high verge of\\nthe Hudson between 71st and 127th streets, and is reached by the\\nBoulevard horse-cars, or, at the upper end, by the cable-cars\\nalong 125tli Street to Fort Lee Ferry. It was the subject of an\\nappreciative and artistically illustrated article by Wm. A. Stiles,\\neditor of the popular horticultural journal, Garden and Forest, in\\n*A Week in New Yorh, By Ernest Ingersoll. Rand, McNally Co.\\nAnnual revision, 1892, p. 116.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00ab^i^f\\nm:.", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "KEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 29\\nThe Century for October, 1885, from which the following remarks\\nare condensed:\\nFrom 72d Street to the hollow known in the old maps as\\nMarritje Davids Fly (valley), at what is now 127th Street, the\\nriver banks are bold, rising steeply at one point to the height of\\n150 feet. Down at the river level lies Twelfth Avenue, while\\nupon the high ground, 800 feet inland, and parallel with the pier\\nline. Eleventh Avenue cuts its way square across the long series of\\nside streets. Between these two avenues, now approach-\\ning one and now the other, winds Riverside Drive, following\\nmainly the brow of the bluff, but rising and falling in easy grades,\\ncurving about the bolder projections, and everywhere adapting\\nits course so graciously to the contour of the land that it does not\\nlook to have been laboriously laid out.\\nFrom this drive the views of the river and the wood-\\ncrowned heights above are most characteristic. The eye has\\nfree range to the north or south along the bright water-\\nway, and covers prospects of great extent and the most\\nvaried interest. The crowning view of the whole series is\\nthat from Claremont Heights looking up the river. This\\nis at the northern end of the park, where the grounds reach\\ntheir greatest elevation. Here, overlooking a commanding\\nprospect, and surrounded by quiet lawns, which keep at a\\nreverential distance the equipage and bravery of fashion,\\nhas been placed the Tomb of Gen. U. S. Grant, the first\\nsoldier of the restored Union, where his body was laid finally to\\nrest amid impressive ceremonies on April 27, 1897.\\nThis temple-like tomb stands 100 feet above the river, and\\nis itself 150 feet high. It is built of flawless white granite\\nfrom Maine, and is adorned with varied sculptures. The\\ndesigner was J. H. Duncan; it was erected between 1891\\nand 1897; and the cost, defrayed by over 5,000 subscribers,\\nwas about $600,000. An imposing flight of steps is intended\\nto lead up to it from a riverside landing. Behind this con-\\nspicuous and noble memorial are seen the ornate white St.\\nLuke s Hospital, the beginnings of the Episcopal Cathedral,\\nand the new buildings of Columbia University, of which\\nthe central one is the domed library. These stand on Morn-\\ningside Heights, half a mile east of the river.\\nThis part of New York, just north of Claremont Heights, used\\nto be Manliattanmlle, and the name is still heard in the neighbor-\\nhood. The great buildings embowered in trees, upon the distant\\neminence, are those of the Convent of the Sacred Heart and\\nattached institutions. A half-mile farther, where the white mon-\\numents of Trinity Cemetery (the burial-ground of Trinity Church)", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "80 NEW YOKK TO TARRYTOWN.\\ngleam among the foliage, the naturalist Audubon lived for many-\\nyears, and there he is buried. The fine residences just north of\\nthe cemetery are built upon the grounds once surrounding his\\nmansion, and form an undivided cluster called Audubon Park.\\nThis neighborhood was formerly the village of Carmansville, and\\nit contains several benevolent institutions, among which the\\ncity s Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb is conspicuous by reason\\nof its dome. It can accommodate 450 pupils, and dates from\\n1817, when only one other institution of its kind existed in the\\ncountry\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that at Hartford, Conn.\\nThen comes the elevation Washington Heights, of Revolu-\\ntionary memories and modern social pre-eminence, with Jeffrey s\\nHook thrown out at its base. This and the Plighlands northward\\nare now threaded by streets, and dotted on the water-front with\\ncostly estates and great houses which enjoy an almost rural\\nseclusion. The foliage of the trees that beautify tlie shore hides\\nthese houses almost completely; but it may be mentioned that\\namong tiiem are the former country-seats of James Gordon\\nBennett and A. T. Stewart.\\nThe next hill northward is now included under the district\\nname Imcood, but earlier it was called Cock Hill. It forms the\\nextreme northern end of Manhattan Island. The little point and\\nlanding at its base is Tubby Hook, named from an ancient ferry-\\nman, Tibers. Between this hill and Washington Heights is a deep\\nvale through which the United States Government is now\\ndigging a canal by which barges of slight draft may pass from\\nthe Hudson to the Harlem and East rivers. Just behind it is the\\nhistoric King s Bridge, and beyond, across the Spuyten Duyvil,\\nare the war-scarred heights of Tippet s Hill.\\nHistorical.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 All this is ground of deep interest to Americans,\\nfor it is identified with the early struggles of the Revolutionary\\nWar, in the dark days of 76. The defeat of the Patriot army, in\\nthe battle of Long Island, made it evident that New York, too,\\nmust be abandoned to the foe. The sick and wounded were hur-\\nried to New Jersev; the military stores and baggage were con-\\nveyed up the Hudson to a fortified post at Dobbs Ferry, and\\nWashington moved his headquarters to King s Bridge, where\\nthe old post-road and present Broadway crosses the Harlem.\\nThus driven from the city, the American army set to work to\\nestablish itself on these rocky heights, between the Hudson and\\nthe Spuyten Duyvil (see map), and upon this, the highest point, a", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3059", "width": "1943", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "NEW TOKK TO TARRYTOWN. 31\\nfortification was constructed named Fort WasMiigton. It was a\\nstrong earthwork, in tlie form of a pentagon, occupying, with its\\nravelins, the lofty hill between 181st and 186th streets. Just to\\nthe northward, on the same rocky heights, was the redoubt called\\nFort Try on; to the eastward was Fort George, looking down upon\\nthe Harlem River, while immediately below, a water-battery was\\nerected upon Jeffrey s Hook, Cock Hill (now Inwood), Tippet s\\nHill, and the vicinity of King s Bridge were also fortified.\\nThough these works were slight, their positions were naturally of\\ngreat defense. Meanwhile, both armies maintained strongly pro-\\ntected fronts, stretching across the whole breadth of Manhattan\\nIsland, and separated by the transverse valley north of Central\\nPark. Skirmishes were of almost daily occurrence, and most\\nfrequently at the cost of the patriots, who, in addition to their\\nwonted wretched condition, were dispirited to the last degree.\\nDesertions from the camp were so numerous as to materially\\nreduce its strength, and to disquiet even the bravest and most\\nsanguine of the leaders themselves. Boats and ships-of-war were\\ndaily bearing the British flag triumphantly up the East River, and\\neven up the Hudson, despite the obstructions upon which so much\\nreliance had been placed. The clievaux cU frise, formed by old\\nsloops sunk in the river, and the wonderful submarine batteries,\\nwere but straws in the way of the British vessels and the guns\\nof Fort Washington and its twin fortresses Lee and Constitution,\\nacross on the Palisade shore, were quite as contemptuously disre-\\ngarded.\\nWashington, at this time, desired, as did most of his officers,\\nto evacuate Fort Washington, but was overruled by his respect for\\nthe wishes of Congress, which insisted that the post should be\\nheld. After the battle of White Plains (October 28, 1776), the\\nwhole army devoted itself to strengthening Fort Washington, and\\nnegligently allowed Lord Howe to get a supply of flatboats\\nthrough the Spuyten Duyvil to King s Bridge, enabling him to\\nferry his troops over, and thus invest the works .on every side.\\nThe following day (November 15tli), the fort was summoned to\\nsurrender, but refused. The next morning, Magaw, who was in\\ncommand, proceeded to dispose of his forces, amounting in all\\nto nearly 3,000 men, the greater part of whom were stationed out-\\nside of the fort, for want of room within. The south side of the\\nfort was menaced by Lord Percy with 1,600 men, and to oppose\\nhim, Col. Lambert Cadwallader was dispatched with a Penn-\\nsylvania force of only half that number. Col. Rawlings of\\nMaryland, with a company of riflemen, was placed by a small\\nbattery northward (Fort Tryon), to oppose Knyphausen, who, with\\nhis Hessians, was posted with cannon near King s Bridge. Col.\\nBaxter of Pennsylvania held Fort George, to oppose an attack by\\nMathew from the Harlem side. The fourth proposed attack of\\nthe enemy was under Col. Sterling, who, as a feint, was to\\ndrop down the Harlem River on flatboats to the left of the fort.", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "32 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nThe enemy s several assaults were made simultaneously, begin-\\nning about noon of the 16ih, by booming cannon and volleys of\\nmusketry, Knyphausen s division, commanded by himself and\\nby Col. Rahl, conquered all tlie opposing obstructions of\\nwoods and rocks, and, despite the bold defense of Rawlings,\\nsoon drove him and his force back to the fort. The Americans\\nunder Baxter were no less steady in their resistance, but with no\\nbetter fortune. Baxter himself was killed, and his men driven\\nback into the fort. Cadwallader, in the meanwhile, was making\\na brave defense to the southward again t the enemy under Lord\\nPercy; but he, too, was at length compelled to retreat under the\\nadditional pressure of an attack by Gen. Mathew who had\\npreviously driven in Baxter s division\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and of the threatened\\napproach, on the rear, of Col. Sterling. Thus weie tlie assail-\\nants victorious at all points, though only after the most obstinate\\nresistance everywhere, and with a terrible loss in killed and\\nwounded.\\nWashington and several of his oflticers were eager spectators\\nof the disastrous struggle, from the opposite shore of the Hudson.\\nWhen he saw the flag, which heralded the second summons to\\nsurrender, carried into the ill-fated fortress, he hastily wrote a\\nnote to Magaw, promising to bring off his garrison if he could\\nsustain himself until evening. This message was daringly deliv-\\nered by Capt. Gooch of Boston, who passed and repassed safely\\nacross the river and amidst the balls and bayonets of the British.\\nThe embassy was, however, too late. Magaw and his garrison\\nwere wholly in the power of their opponents, and nothing\\nremained but to surrender themselves prisoners-of-war, with no\\nother terms than the retention of their swords by the officers, and\\nof their baggage by the men. It was, said Lee, at the time,\\na cursed affair.\\nThus ended the military history of Fort Washington, although\\nit was repaired, and, as Fort Kuyphausen, was long afterward\\ngarrisoned by the enemy.\\nThe New Jersey bank here is equally interesting histor-\\nically, and closely connected with the foregoing incidents.\\nA wagon road runs along the base of the crags, and people\\nlive there in rustic fashion. Some factories especially the great\\noil-works at Shadyside (anciently Bull s Ferry) exist lower\\ndown, but above Guttenberg nothing of the sort mars the bank.\\nMany of the residents are fishermen who set shad-nets in the\\nspring. UndercUff is the new landing for the Fort Lee Ferry\\nand electric railroad, which runs to Fort Lee Village, Leonia,\\nand Englewood. Wagon-roads climb inland, here and there,\\noffering enjoyable rambles and the landings at Shadyside,\\nEdgewater, and Pleasant Valley are accessible several times", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 33\\na day, from Canal and W. 22d streets, New York, by the steamer\\nPleasant Valley (fare, 10 cents). This rocky wall is still Bergen\\nRidge; but two miles above Weehawken, and opposite Wash-\\nington Heights, Bergen Ridge trends inland behind a new and\\nmuch higher wall of trap-rocks, which thereafter front the river\\nfor many miles the Palisades of the Hudson. In the ravine-\\nlike space between the two ridges, which enables a wagon road to\\nreach the plateau upon the summit, a village has long existed\\ncalled Fort Lee after the fortification built upon the heights\\nabove it in 1776.\\nFor many years Fort Lee has been an excursion point and\\npicnic-ground, and gradually it became the resort of a rough\\nelement, who would land there by the barge load and hold noisy\\nrevels. A few years ago, an atiempt was made to redeem the\\nplace, and prepare it for a pleasure- resort acceptable to a good\\nclass of customers. A great hotel has been built, and abundant\\nmeans of refreshment and amusement are provided, while the\\nscale of prices is moderate, and during the summer steamboats\\nmake frequent trips back and forth, from Canal, 13th, and 34th\\nstreets, New York, while the ferry at W. 129th Street (reached\\nby the 125th Street cable cars) runs all the year round; but\\nfashion has never smiled upon the place, though the view from\\nits Palisades is worth a much longer journey.\\nHistorical. The Revolutionary record of this western shore\\nis intimately connected with that of Washington Heights.\\nThe promontory in which the Palisades begin was fortified,\\nearly in 1776, by two strong redoubts, of which the principal and\\nuppermost one was named Fort Lee, after the eccentric Charles\\nLee, and was commanded by Greene, while the other was called\\nFort Constitution. After the fall of Fort Washington there\\nremained no longer auy hope of obstructing the passage of the\\nHudson at this point, and preparations were at once begun to\\nabandon these Jersey forts also; but before it could be effected.\\nLord Cornwallis, crossing the river with a British detachment of\\n6,000 men, endeavored to surround and capture this garrison also.\\nHis attempt was a failure. The American troops got safely away\\nto the Hackensack, but were obliged to relinquish to the British all\\ntheir artillery, except two twelve-pounders, and a great quantity of\\nprovisions and military stores. Washington s army, depleted by\\nthese losses, discouraged, melting away under expiring terms of\\nservice and desertion, totally unprepared to face the inclemency\\nof the weather, or to build fortified winter quarters, was obliged\\nto abandon even this poor line of defense and hasten southward\\nto the Delaware River.", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "34 iSTEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nAfter that the New Jersey shore was nominally in the posses-\\nsion of the British, but was not regularly garrisoned, and became\\nthe scene of an incessant guerrilla warfare. Just north of the\\npresent Guttenberg, where the woods begin at Shadyside, there\\nwas in those times the landing of Bull s Ferry to New York,\\nwhere a farmer s road came down through a ravine. Between\\nthis road and the river a high and narrow ridge of rocks formed\\na headland, known since 1779 as Block-house Point, in memory of\\na fierce and fruitless encounter which occurred there, and which\\nwas the occasion of a celebrated poem.\\nThe winter of 1779-80 was a season of almost unexampled\\nseverity. Sleighs crossed the Hudson for weeks without inter-\\nruption, and artillery was brought from Staten Island on the ice.\\nFuel became so scarce in New York that $20 a cord was paid for\\nwood, and the British authorities were forced to break up old\\nships to supply their troops with something to keep the fires\\ngoing. Anticipating an equal scarcity the following winter, a\\ngreat number of British sympathizers spent the next summer on\\nthese heights, west of the Hudson, in cutting down the forests\\ncovering Bergen Ridge, and turning the logs into cordwood.\\nBut the American army along the Hackensack constantly sent\\nout foraging parties, so that the Tory wood-cutters found their\\noccupation precarious in point of profit and dangerous to life and\\nlimb. Moreover, most of these men had fled from inland places\\nto the protection of the Royal army, including many who were\\nguilty of robbery and other crimes, committed, in that lawless\\ninterval, upon friend and foe alike. Hence the whole crowd were\\nknown as refugees, and were so execrated by both sides that\\nnot only had they good cause to dread the American troopers, but\\nwere left by the British commander to build block-houses and\\ndefend themselves as best they might. Several such minor forts\\nwere constructed by wood- contractors along the hill-top, but the\\nmost important one stood on this point above Bull s Ferry. It\\nwas a large block-house of logs, inaccessible on two sides, and\\ndefended by breastworks and an abatis upon its vulnerable north-\\nern front, where the point of land was continuous with the plateau.\\nIn the summer of 1780, Washington was encamped near\\nSuffern s, N. Y. His men were badly provisioned, and he\\nknew that there had been collected on Bergen Neck, for the use\\nof the British and the Tories, a large number of horses, cattle,\\nswine, and other desirable live stock, protected by these Refu-\\ngees. He, therefore, ordered Gen. Anthony Wayne to take\\nseveral regiments of Maryland and Pennsylvania troops, includ-\\ning cavalry, destroy it, and secure as many cattle and other pro-\\nvisions as possible.\\nWayne marched quietly to Liberty Pole (now Englewood),", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "NEW YOKK TO TARRYTOWN. 35\\nv/here he divided his command. A part went straight to tlie\\nriver above Englewood Landing, and hid tliemselves in the\\nwoods, while Wayne led the remainder down the back roads to\\nthe top of the ridge near Fort Lee, where he turned southward\\nand was soon discovered by the wood-cutters, who fled to their\\nblock-house and prepared to resist the onslaught.\\nWhile Wayne, with the infantry and artillery, moved steadily\\nagainst it, the cavalry under Maj. Moylau, mounting an extra\\nman behind each dragoon, swept on to the pastures of Wee-\\nhawkeu and Hoboken, gatheied up every four-footed beast they\\ncould find, and drove them with tlie utmost haste toward Wash-\\nington s camps; a raid long remembered there.\\nMeanwhile, Wayne had made a most spirited attack, but the\\ndefense was obstinate, and his little six-pounders were too light\\nto demolish the fortifications. Moreover, when success seemed\\nnear, word came that the English were crossing in force and were\\nlikely to intercept and capture the whole expedition. A retreat\\nwas therefore ordered, and the command hurried away, having\\nsuffered a loss of sixty-four men in killed and wounded. Wayne\\nand Washington were both deeply disappointed; and their dis-\\ngust was not lightened by learning that the reported reinforce-\\nments was a false alarm, and that, moreover, if tradition may be\\nbelieved, the enemy was almost out of ammunition and must\\nhave succumbed in a few moments. The door of this block-\\nhouse may now be seen in the museum of Washington s head-\\nquarters at Newburgh.\\nThis skirmish was a source of so great satisfaction to the\\nBritish, that the King himself sent his personal congratulations\\nto the Refugees, who did really make a most gallant defense; and\\nit inspired Maj. Andr(i, then on the staff of Sir Henry Clinton,\\nin New York, to write his satirical verses, The Cow Chase.\\nThey make a long rollicking ballad, especially interesting from\\nthe coincidence connected with the last verse, which runs thus:\\nAnd now I ve closed my epic strain,\\nI tremble as I show it,\\nLest this same warrio-drover Wayne\\nShould ever catch the poet.\\nOn the day this was printed, in Rivington s Qazette, Maj.\\nAndre was captured as a spy and the commander of the division\\nof the American army to which his captors belonged, and where\\nhe was tried and executed, was Gen. Anthony Wayne!\\nPalisades of the Hudson is the term long since applied to\\nthat escarpment of roughly columnar basaltic trap which gushed", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "36 NEW YORK TO TAKRYTOWN.\\nout of a crack in the earth s crust in early Triassic time, and\\nnow, with its fool slope of fallen fragments, forms the western\\nwall of the river for twenty miles to the Tappan Sea. The face\\nis nearly straight, almost uniform in height, rising from an\\naltitude of 350 feet, half a mile above Fort Lee, to 550 feet near\\nits northern extremity.\\nThe front is everywhere precipitous, aud the bare rock is\\nexposed in that vertical formation characteristic of basalt, from\\nwhich has come the name; a natural suggestion to the early\\ncomers here, who were so familiar with stockades made of logs\\nset on end. Breaks sufficient to enable wagon roads to descend\\nto the river occur in only three places, and scarcely more oppor-\\ntunities exist for the hardiest foot-climber to descend; it is in fact\\na narrow ridge, flat-topped, tree-grown, and falling suddenly\\naway on the inner side into a deep valley dividing it from Bergen\\nRidge.\\nThis long escarpment, so gray and undi versified, half bare of\\ntrees, and showing only here and there a little house, or, worse, a\\ngreat scar where men are tearing down the rocks to cut into\\npaving-blocks or crush as road-metal, is more forbidding than\\nbeautiful as seen from a steamer s deck or from the opposite\\nbank, with the broad river to dwarf its height; but when one\\nskirts its base in a canoe, especially at morning or on a somewhat\\ncloudy day, the grandeur of height and warmth of color are\\nperceived, and better justify the encomiums of early writers.\\nA road runs along the top, and it is possible to stroll upon the\\nvery edge from Fort Lee some two miles, as far as the end of\\nEnglewood Avenue, opposite Spuyten Duyvil, and there to enjoy\\none of ihe most striking scenes America has to show; a privilege,\\nhowever, that too few avail themselves of. The opposite low,\\nverdant shore, for a long distance to the north, affords a varied\\nand charming picture; while below, the eye reaches to the far-off\\nmetropolis and its crowded bay. The palisade wall, apparently\\nso uniform, is broken into pinnacles and deep clefts, and all the\\nscene, from a close survey, is full of picturesque variety.\\nOne would suppose that this lofty, breezy ridge so near the\\ncity, and affording views so extended and superb, would have\\nlong ago been fully occupied by country-houses and summer\\npleasure-places, but such are few and inconspicuous. Formerly\\na famous hotel the Palisade Mountain House stood upon the\\ncliff opposite Riverdale, but it was burned in 1884.\\nThe Eastern side of the river now presents a vivid contrast to", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARR^TOWN. 37\\nthe solitary and inaccessible Palisades. It is low, verdant, and\\nthickly inhabited. Having passed the heights of Fort Washing-\\nton and Inwood, the valley of the Spuyten Duyvil (Dutch Spyt\\nden duivel) opens to view, but the stream itself is hidden by the\\nrailroad drawbridge underneath which the tide flows in aud out\\nbetween the Hudson and the Harlem. This marks the northern\\nend of Manhattan Island, and affords an opportULity for the main\\ntracks of the New York Central Hudson River Railroad to reach\\nthe bank of the Hudson from its city station in the Grand Central\\nDepot, on 42d Street. The railway station against the rocks, just\\nnorth of the valley, is Spuyten Duyvil, where the 30th Street\\nbranch, which follows the lower river s edge, joins the main line.\\nAt the end of the vista up the valley is seen the neighborhood of\\nKing s Bridge, which was the scene of several hard skirmishes\\nin the early part of the Revolution, and later was held as the\\nnorthern outpost of the British army in New York.\\nIrving s facetious explanation of the curious name of this\\nstream or tideway has long been laughed over by the readers of\\nDiedrich Knickerbocker s History of New York; but it may\\nnot be generally known that the tale which follows is only an\\nenlargement of a real and fatal exhibition of foolhardiness on the\\npart of a young Dutchman; long before Stuyvesant s time, how-\\never. The story will bear repeating, as Diedrich tells it, and is\\nas follows:\\nAnthony Van Corlear, the trumpeter of Governor Stuyve-\\nsant, was sent post-haste, upon the appearance of the ships of the\\nEnglish Duke of York in the harbor, to warn the farmers up the\\nriver and summon them to the defense of New Amsterdam. He\\nhad reached this stream, where there was then no bridge. The\\nwiud was high, the elements in an uproar, and no Charon could\\nbe found to ferry the adventurous sounder of brass across the\\nwater. For a short time he vapored like an intelligent ghost\\nupon the brink, and then, bethinking himself of the urgency of\\nhis errand (to arouse the people to arms), he took a hearty embrace\\nof his stone bottle, swore most vah)rously that he would swim\\nacross in spite of the devil {en spyt den duyvcl), and daringly\\nplunged into the stream. Luckless Anthony! Scarcely had he\\nbuffeted half-way over, when he was observed to struggle vio-\\nlently, as if battling with the spirit of the waters. Instinctively\\nhe put his trumpet to his mouth, and, giving a vehement blast,\\nsank forever to the bottom! The clangor of his trumpet rang far\\nand wide through the country, alarming the neighbors round,\\nwho hurried in amazement to the spot. Here an old Dutch\\n4", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "38 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nburgher, fanied for his veracity, and who had been a witness of\\nthe fact, related to them the melancholy affair, with the fearful\\naddition (to which I am slow in giving belief) that he saw the\\nduyvil, in the shape of a huge moss-bunker, seize the sturdy\\nAnthony by the leg, and drag him beneath the waves. Certain\\nit is, the place has been called Spuyten Duyvil ever since.\\nThe high point of laud between the Spuyten Duyvil and Hud-\\nson, now covered with residences, the Mohicans called Nipnichsen,\\nand the Dutch ConstaUe s Point, after its owner. At the time\\nof the Revolution, when owned by the Tippet family, it was\\nrepeatedly fortified and know^n as Tippet s Hill, but no incident\\nof much public moment happened there. This little cross-valley\\nseems to have been thickly inhabited by Indians. It was here\\nthat Henry Hudson had that fight with the Manhattoes, or Island\\nIndians, who wished to board his little vessel, and got shot for\\ntheir pains. One great attraction, no doubt, was the abundance\\nof fish a recommendation that still holds good. Great hauls of\\nshad are made every spring off the mouth of the Spuyten Duyvil,\\nand the angling for striped bass and the like, along its rocky\\ncourse, furnishes amusement to many a leisurely citizen.\\nThe city of New York long ago overflowed Manhattan Island,\\nand its limits extend northward on this side to Yonkers, three\\nmiles above the Spuyten Duyvil. This lofty and beautiful shore,\\nhowever, still keeps its early village names, Riverdale and Mount\\nSt. Vincent, and is dotted with the country -like estates of wealthy\\ncitizens, such families as that of the late Wm. E. Dodge, the\\nphilanthropic merchant; the Appletons, of the famous publishing\\nhouse; Robert Colgate, ex-Postmaster-General James, and others.\\nThese are in Riverdale, whose railway station is next above\\nSpuyten Duyvil, at the water s edge. A mile farther up is seen\\nthe station for Mount St. Vincent, a locality taking its name from\\nthe great convent on the hill-top, where were formerly the castle-\\nlike residence and estate, Font Hill, of the actor, Edwin\\nForrest.\\nMount St. Vincent, remarks the editor of Picturesque Amer-\\nica, is an extensive Roman Catholic convent-school for girls,\\nwhich is famous for the excellence of its educational system; but,\\nunfortunately, the huge building erected here can not be said to\\nform an attractive feature of tbe river scenery. It is out of har-\\nmony with the landscape, and utterly dwarfs Font\\nHill, which, before the erection of the vast unhandsome mass", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 39\\nbehind it, was a striking and interesting feature of tlie river\\nsliore. Now, if one can manage to shut out from his vision the\\nmammoth pile behind it, he can get a partial idea of its claims to\\nthe picturesque. It must be admitted, however, that a castle on\\nthe banks of the Hudson is a piece of sheer aifectation. The pile\\nlooks very small from the river, and must necessarily disappoint\\nthose who associate size and grandeur with the idea of a castle,\\nalthough one frequently finds abroad castles with do better pre-\\ntension in the way of extent, however superior may be their\\nclaims on the ground of antiquity.\\nThe convent is more than a school, however, for it is the head-\\nquarters in America of the great order of Sisters of Charity,\\nnumbering over 1,500 under its immediate jurisdiction, and\\nforming a general home hospital and retreat.\\nAfter the heights of Mount St. Vincent have been passed, the\\nland sinks somewhat, and busy civilization reappears. The new\\nstation Ludloio, at this point, recalls the old-time rural property\\nhere of the Ludlow family. Then succeeds\\nThe City of Yonkers. The water front, where the railway,\\nand steamers, and street-cars meet at the central wharf, is solid with\\nwarehouses, for here are many important manufacturing estab-\\nlishments mower and reaper works, gutta-percha and rubber,\\nsilk, carpet, and hat factories, machine and elevator works, and\\nthe shops of the Eagle Pencil Company. Above these, embow-\\nered in trees, rise the shops and houses of 35,000 inhabitants.\\nYonkers is connected with New York not only by the Hudson\\nRiver Railroad, but also by the New York Putnam Railroad,\\nand is a calling place for all lines of steamers. It has a score of\\nchurches and a long list of religious, benevolent, and fra-\\nternal societies a high school and seven grammar schools, bu t\\nno public library paid police and fire departments, with\\npolice and fire-alarm telegraphs, connected with New York s\\nsystem four banks and a safe-deposit company electric street-\\ncars, which run to the suburbs north, east, and south, and pass\\nGetty Square, the City Hall, and the most central hotels.\\nThe leading social clubs are the Yonkers, whose house is 1017\\nBroadway, and the City, on Getty Square an open space in\\nthe center of the city where several streets converge. There is\\nan athletic club (63 Main Street), with good grounds; but the\\nfacilities for aquatic sports have given these pre-eminence there,\\nand along the shore, at the northern suburb Olenwood, a station", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "40 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\non the Hudson River Railroad, are the houses of the Corinthian\\nand Yonkers Yacht clubs, the Yonkers Boat Club, and the Yon-\\nkers Canoe Chib. The Bicycle and Photographic clubs should\\nalso be mentioned. It is thus apparent that athletic and outdoor\\nsports receive an unusual amount of attention at the hands of its\\ncitizens. The National Guard is represented by the Fourth Sep-\\narate Company, whose armory is on Waverly Street.\\nThe town, as a whole, has no great pretensions to beaut}^\\nthough Warburton Avenue, and some other streets in the north-\\nern part, fronting the river, are rapidly acquiring it\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and con-\\ntains little of interest to the stranger. Two objects, however,\\nare worthy of attention, the more so as they successfully recall\\nthe early history of the locality. These are the City Hall, called\\nManor Hall because the building was the home of the Lord of\\nthe Manor of Phillipsburgh in colonial times; and St. John s\\nProtestant Epucopal Church, a beautiful house of worship, with\\nan interesting story. The best hotel is Arlington Inn, on South\\nBroadway.\\nHenry Hudson, and the Dutch traders after him, found here a\\nMohican village, named Nappechemak, at the mouth of a rapid\\nlittle stream, now spelled Nepperhan. Settlements were made by\\nthe Dutch West-India Company in this township as long ago as\\n1639; at least, lands were purchased of the native Indian Sachems\\nat that early period, and soon thereafter occupied. These, after\\na time, passed into the hands of a burgher of Manhattan, Adriaen\\nVan der Donck, who acquired a far wider area than the present\\ncity covers, and was, by royal patent, created a Patroon, whose\\nestate was called Colondonck. It has been supposed that Yon-\\nkers is a corruption of his patronymic, but a better explanation\\nis, tbat when a village began to grow up at this landing it was\\ncalled the Jonk Heer s (i. e., young lord s), in compliment to the\\nPatroon; whence Jonker s, and gradually (the j being like the\\nEnglish y) the modern spelling. At that time tliis village was\\ncalled Upper Yonkers, and the region now covered by Van Cort-\\nlandt Park, in New York City, was Lower Yonkers, The latter\\nwas conveyed to the Van Cortlandts, who intermarried with the\\nVan der Doncks; and the upper half was later sold to Frederick\\nPhilllpse, the first.\\nThe Phillipse or Phillips family, which owned extensive lands\\nnorthward, and whose favorite residence theretofore had been at\\nCastle Phillipse, yet standing by the old mill in Sleepy Hollow,\\nat once took possession, and obtained from the English King a\\npatent creating the property into the Manor of Phillipsburgh.\\nPhillipse had anticipated this dignity, not perfected until 1693,\\nby erecting, in 1682, the front part of the present City Hall as", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 41\\nhis manor-house; and it was completed by the addition of the\\nback part in 1745, This old house is still elegant, and in its\\ntime must have been a very notable place. Having put his house\\nin order, the now reigning lord of the manor, a second Frederick\\nPhillipse, bethought him of more heavenly things, and erected a\\nstone church, as he was bound to do by reason of owning the\\nliving. It was, of course, of the Established Church of England,\\nwas called St. John s, and was completed in 1752; but services\\nhad been held in the parish ever since 1694.\\nAt this time one of his daughters, Mary, born in the manor-\\nhouse, July 3, 1730, was growing up to be the belle of all the\\ncountry-side. A few years later (1756) George Washington, then\\na colonel wearing the laurels which he alone, almost, had brought\\nfrom the disastrous Braddock campaiga, was visitiug in New\\nYork at the house of Beverly Robinson, a man of wealth and\\ncultivation, who afterward became prominent as a leader of\\nTories, and especially in connection with the Arnold and Andre\\naffair. Robinson s wife was the eldest daughter of Phillipse, and\\nthere Washington met and fell in love with her younger sister,\\nthe beautiful Mary Phillipse. The affection was not declared,\\nhowever, and the young Virginian went back to his plantations,\\nconfiding his secret to a friend who wrote him frequently of the\\nsocial doings of the young lady and her friends. Finally, Wash-\\nington was informed that a suitor had appeared in the person of\\nCol. Roger Morris, who had been an associate on Braddock s\\nstaff, and M as advised to make haste to come to New York\\nand contest his claim He did not do so why, no one knows\\nand the belle became the wife of his rival; but there is no founda-\\ntion for the tradition that Washington had offered himself and\\nhad been refused.\\nYonkers grew apace, and the Nepperhan, which had been\\ntrained to work a saw-mill, and hence had come to be called Saw\\nMill Creek even in Van der Donck s time\u00e2\u0080\u0094 soon turned the\\nwheels of several mills, and to-day is hidden between factories.\\nWhen men were taking sides at the approach of the Revolution,\\nthe Frederick Phillipse of that day third lord of the manor\\nendeavored to remain neutral; but, although Washington stayed\\nmore than once under his roof, he fell under suspicion of a lean-\\ning toward royalty, and his property was confiscated by act of\\nLegislature in 1779, and was sold by the Commissioners of For-\\nfeiture in 1785 the year of his death in England. Complications\\nfollowed, which were cleared up by a sale of the whole thing\\nto John Jacob Astor, from whom the Government had to re-buy\\nit, at a very long advance, in order to confirm the tenants and\\nholders of parts in their titles. The manor-house was occupied", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "42 NEW TORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nas a private residence by various families until 1868, when it was\\npurchased by the Village of Yonkers, and finally became the City\\nHall in 1872. It was the scene of a notable historical celebration\\nin 1882; and in front of it now stands a lofty and admirable\\nSoldiers Monument to citizens who fell in the Civil War.\\nThe Revolutionary Mstory of Yonkers was full of lively inci-\\ndents, though no battle of moment occurred near it, except the\\nmemorable engagement in the harbor in 1777, between the British\\nfrigates Hose and Phenix, at anchor, and the oared gunboats of\\nthe patriots, which were rowed out of the mouth of tlieNepperhan,\\nhaving in tow a large tender, filled with combustibles, intended to\\nbe placed alongside of the frigates as a fire-ship. The sailors,\\nhowever, kept it off by means of spars, and a h avy fiie of grape\\nand canister compelled the gunboats and their brave crews to\\nseek shelter near shore. The attempt was witnessed by Gen-\\nerals Heath, Clinton, and others, and came very near succeeding.\\nDuring the whole war after the American army, in 1776, had\\nretreated from its hills, following the disastrous campaign about\\nWhite Plains\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Yonkers was the center of the uncovered neutral\\ntract between the British posts at King s Bridge and those of the\\nAmerican army above. This unlucky tract was the foraging\\nground of both parties, and the rendezvous of the opposing bands\\nof reprobates known as the Skinners and the Cow Boys the for-\\nmer claiming to act in the service of the Americans, and the\\nlatter under the British banner. As far as the quiet folks of the\\ndevoted neighborhood were concerned, there was not much\\nchoice between the rival bands, since they both served them-\\nselves, no matter whether at the cost of friend or of foe. What\\nwith the escapades of these fellows, and with the marches and\\ncounter-marches above and below them, and with now and then\\na serious skirmish, the neutral ground was a busy region at\\nthe time, and abounds in such reminiscences of adventure as\\nJ. Fenimore Cooper has utilized in his story 21ie Spy.\\nSt. John s Church persisted, and for many years was an interest-\\ning relic of colonial architecture; but in 1870 it was replaced by\\nthe present spacious, costly, and very beautiful Gothic building\\non Getty Square, which contains a carved font of Italian marble\\nand workmanship, a beautiful pulpit of brass, and several\\nmemorial windows of high artistic excellence.\\nThis structure largely exceeds in size the earlier church; but\\nthe south wall includes, near the base, a large part of the wall of\\nthe original church, and the low, arched, old-fashioned door, which", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "NEW YOEK TO TARRYTOWN. 43\\nhas thus been preserved as a fitting relic of the early condition.\\nAttached are a series of picturesque parish buildings connecting\\nthe noble church with the rectory; and in the wall which incloses\\nthe church yard is arranged a public drinking-fountain, having\\nan artistic bronze tablet where the invitation to drink is coupled\\nwith the appropriate citation, John iv; 13, 14: Wliosoeve? drinkeih\\nof this water shall thirst again; hut whosoever drinketJi of the\\nwater that I shall give him shall never thirst, hut the water that I\\nshall give him shall he in him a well of water springing vp into\\neverlasting life.\\nThe best part of Yonkers is northward of the business center,\\nespecially along Warburton Avenue, a street which lies parallel\\nwith the river and part way up the hillside, where the tall brown-\\nstone steeple of the Baptist Church is conspicuous from the water.\\nAbove this street are Palisade Avenue and (j^orth) Broadway, while\\nAlta and Park Hill avenues (see p. 24) are other very handsome\\nstreets, bordered with beautiful residences. An interesting walk is\\nto climb the hill, from the trolley-car line to Broadway, and go out\\nalong it for a mile or more. This is the old turnpike, and really a\\ncontinuation of Broadway in the city of New York, so that it comes\\nrightly by this name, which, in fact, is applied to it in all the river\\ntowns, at least as far as Sing Sing. The road is macadamized, laid\\nwith water, and lighted by gas far north of the city, and bordered\\nby elegant properties, of which the residence of C. H. Lillienthal,\\nindicated from the river by a brown-stone battlemented tower, is a\\ngood example. A far more famous homestead, however, is that\\nsomewhat above, to be recognized from the river l)y a loft}^ gray\\ntower, surmounted by an ornamental iron railing; for this is the\\ncountry-house of the late Governor and Presidential candidate,\\nSamuel J. Tilden, who became known throughout the Union as\\nthe Sage of Greystone. The large grounds are especially\\nnoteworthy for the magnificent trees that grow in forest-like pro-\\nfusion along the avenues of approach and on the river slopes.\\nNext above Yonkers comes Hastings. The village itself,\\nwhere there are a railway station and small steamboat landing,\\nand the works of an asphalt pavement concern, is of small account;\\nbut the high shore is closely set with homes of wealthy men, of\\nwhich Dr. Huyler s, just above the landing, is most conspicuous\\nby reason of its clock-tower and windmill. Just below this is\\nthe yellow boat-house of the Tower Ridge Athletic Club, whose\\ngrounds for tennis, etc., are elaborately laid out on the hill above.", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "44 NEW YORK TO TARRTTOWN,\\nThe village is much the same as when T. Addison Richards\\nsketched here, thirty years ago, and wrote out his impressions for\\nThe Knickerbocker (magazine), thus:\\nThe hamlet for, the more stately villa-edifices apart, such\\nit is lies snugly nestled in the depths of a beautiful glen, or\\nspreads quietly away upon its verdant acclivities and lofty ter-\\nraces, looking into the shades of old woods, and listening to the\\nmurmurs of running brooks below, and gazing far up and down\\nthe broad river above. In the olden time, that is to say in the\\ndays of our revolution, the region around was the domain of the\\nworthy farmer, Peter Post, whose patriotism on one occasion\\nsubjected him to an experience which he remembered, no doubt,\\nwith less pleasure than we do now. At the period referred to he\\nassisted the patriots, under Col. Sheldon, to surprise a party\\nof marauding Hessians, beguiling them into the belief that the\\nAmericans, whom they were pursuing, had moved on in a certain\\ndirection, while they were snugly ambushed conveniently in the\\nrear.\\nThe Hessians, deceived by his answer, says the story,\\naccording to Bolton, in his History of the County of Westchester,\\nwere proceeding at full gallop through the lane, when a shrill\\nwhistle rang through the {lir, instantly followed by the impetuous\\ncharge of Sheldon s horse. Panic-stricken, the enemy fled in\\nevery direction, but the fresh horses of the Americans carried\\ntheir gallant riders wherever a wandering ray disclosed the steel\\ncap of the brilliant accouterments of a Hessian. A bridle-path\\nleading from the place of ambush to the river was strewed with\\nthe dead and dying, while those who sought safety in the water\\nwere captured cut to pieces, and drowned. The conflict, so\\nshort and bloody, was decisive. One solitary horseman was seen\\ngalloping off in the direction of Yonkers, and he alone, wounded\\nand unarmed, reached the camp of Col. Emmerick in safety.\\nHere he related the particulars of the march, the sudden onset and\\nretreat. Astonished and maddened with rage, Emmerick started\\nhis whole command in pursuit. Poor Post was stripped for his\\nfidelity, and after having a sulficient number of blows inflicted\\nupon his person, left for dead.\\nEarlier than this, however, Hastings had acquired notoriety\\nfrom the fact that there Cornwallis embarked his army for the\\nsubjugation of Fort Lee, following the capture of Fort Wash-\\nington.\\nA charming walk or bicycle-run of li miles may be taken\\nfrom Hastings northward to Dobbs Ferry, along the old post-road,\\nwhich is shaded all the way, mainly by ancient locust trees; and\\nno walls or high hedges prevent a view of the orderly and tasteful\\ngrounds that continuously border the avenue.\\nDobbs Ferry is an exceedingly pretty village, whose homely\\ni", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TATIRTTOWN. 45\\nname is the bequest of the ancient family of Dobbs Dobb\u00e2\u0080\u0094 his\\nferry, says Mr. Sparrowgrass), who whilome farmed and ferried\\nthe contiguous land and water. As early as 1698 there lived here\\nor hereabouts a Jan Dobs and his wife, who were members of the\\nnow venerable old church in Sleepy Hollow. The village covers\\nhill and dell, rising charmingly from the river shore to the crests\\nof lofty ridges, and is planted thick v/ ith sumptuous homes. There\\nis one summer hotel, the Glen Tower, whose yellow front and\\nfine grounds overlook the river below the station, and a boarding-\\nhouse or two; but none of the villages in this part of the country\\nare resorts, being composed almost wholly of those who own\\nand occupy their premises the most of, if not all, the year. Just\\nabove the village is Nuits, the residence of F. Cottinet, a beau-\\ntiful Italian structure of imported Caen stone. Adjoining it,\\nnorthward, stands Nevis, the estate of the late Col. James\\nHamilton, son and biographer of Alexander Hamilton, and next\\nbeyond, the home of George L. Schuyler.\\nDohbs Ferry icas an important post in tlie Revolution, and the\\nrendezvous of each army alternately. It was here that the British\\ntroops mustered after the battle of White Plains, and before\\nmarching to the assault upon Fort Washington. In January,\\n1777, Lincoln and his detachment of the patriot army encamped\\nhere a while. Later (1781), Washington established the American\\narmy headquarters at the Livingston manor-house, somewhat\\ninland from the village, and the mansion was subsequently iden-\\ntified with many politicnl events. There, in 1783, George Clinton\\nand Sir Guy Carleton, the British commander, met to confer on\\nthe subject of the evacuation of the city of New York by the\\nBritish forces. Although known as the Livingston manor-house,\\nthis house did not come into the possession of the Livingston family\\nuntil after the Revolution. It was originally built by aDulch\\nfarmer, who leased it from the lord of the Phillipse manor; the\\nPhillipse estate being sequestered by the Government at the close\\nof the war, this farm was purchased by Peter Van Brugh Liv-\\ningston, with 500 acres, and it became henceforth known as the\\nLivingston Manor. The fortifications were mainly by the pres-\\nent railway station\u00e2\u0080\u0094 one of the best examples of those hijous oi\\narchitecture in rose granite, red sandstone, and hardwoods with\\nwhich the New York Central Company is ornamenting the river\\nroute from one end to the other and were intended for the pro-\\ntection of the rowboat ferry to Paramus, now Sneden s Landing,\\ndirectly opposite, and a mile or two above the northern boundary\\nof New Jersey. These batteries were a sore vexation to the Brit-\\nish ships, which were wont to cruise up the river, and attempt to", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "46 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nravage the shores. In July, 1781, some British frigates that had\\npa -sed up the river a few days before, took advantage of wind\\nand tide to return to New York, thus exposing themselves to a\\nsevere cannonading from these batteries. They returned the tire,\\nbut without effect; and Thatcher relates that on board one of them,\\nthe Savage, a box of powder took tire, whereu])on twenty men\\nleaped into the river, only one of whom, an American prisoner,\\nreached the shore. This vessel was nearly sunk by the well-\\ndirected balls. The first treasonable interview between Arnold\\nand Andre was to have been held here, but by some mischance\\ndid not take place. A monumental tablet marks this house.\\nThe Palisades, to glance again at the western shore, here\\nattain their highest point, which is found in Indian Head (550\\nfeet) directly opposite Hastings. Somewhat below there the\\nprecipitous wall is broken by a ravine, in the mouth of which\\nhave been built several summer hotels and dancing pavilions,\\nresorted to by cheap steamboat excursion and picnic parties, more\\nnoisy than nice in their methods of amusement. A ferry connects\\nthe place with Yonkers. This ravine is called Alpine Gorge, and\\na road zigzags up to the top of the ridge and over to the village\\nof Closter, N. J. It was formerly known as Closter Landing, and\\nhere Lord Grey disembarked his dragoons on that evening in Octo-\\nber, 1778, when he galloj^ed over to the Hackensack Valley, and\\nsurprised and massacred Col. Baylor s company of patriots, despite\\ntheir surrender and calls for mercy an act which British as w^ell\\nas American historians have execrated as a disgrace, not only\\nto Englishmen, but to all humanity.\\nThis part of the river used to be called the Great Chip Rock\\nReach, a term which extends to the end of the Palisades, where\\nNew Jersey is left and New York State (Rockland County) begins\\non that side of the river. Here, opposite Dobbs Ferry, is seen a\\ndeep glen, up which goes the old highway to Tappan, and so\\nsouthward into New Jersey. This was known as Paramus when,\\nin 1776, Cornwallis landed here and marched his men up the old\\nroad, but now it is Sneden s Landing. The Sneedens (or Sny-\\ndens) were a family of Tories, early advertised as enemies by the\\nlocal authorities. The shore gradually bends backward, and we\\nsee before us the broadening space of the Tappan Sea the name\\ngiven to the lake-like expanse of the river from the Palisades\\nnorth to Croton Point. A mile above is Piermont, whence a\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a011", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 47\\nwharf a mile or more long, bearing derricks and coal-pockets,\\njuts out to deep water. It was built many years ago by the Erie\\nRailway Company to facilitate the river shipment of their freights,\\nwhen it was expected to be the chief, if not their only, river\\nterminus. Now it is devoted almost entirely to the transfer of\\ncoal from cars to barges. The coal business of the Erie Railway\\nis very large, giving nearly as much revenue as their passenger\\ntraffic; and all of it destined for Kew York comes this way,\\nwhile that for New England is transferred at Newburgh.\\nFew portions of the Hudson, as Richards has remarked,\\nare so rich in natural beauties as the vicinage of Piermont,\\nwhere the mighty mirror of the Tappan Sea retlects the purple\\nshades and the golden sunshine of grand mountain acclivities\\nand of most picturesque headlands. JBack of the village, on the\\nwest, the land steps in noble terraces from the waterside to the\\nlofty crests of Tower Hill. To the southward, the Palisades rise\\nin majesty; and above, the bay is shut in by the superb cliffs of\\ntlie promontory, known as Point-no-Point, or more familiarly as\\nthe Hook Mountain.\\nThis Toipcr Hill, by-the-by, is one well worth the attention of\\nclimbers. It can be reached by way of Nyack, or more easily by\\nthe Northern Railroad of New Jersey, and will well repay a walk\\nto its summit, where there is an observatory. From this platform\\nthe hills and valleys of Westchester County, the Sound, and Long\\nIsland and the Atlantic Ocean can be seen; to the south, the\\nheights of Hoboken bound the horizon; to the west, the Orange\\nMountains some peaks of which are more than forty miles away\\nthe Ramapo Gap, and the site of Tuxedo Park; and, finally, to\\nthe north a vast sea of mountain tops, comprising some of the\\nCatskill and Berkshire ranges, stretches darkly and grandly to the\\ndistant horizon. It is a view that always pleases and almost inva-\\nriably calls forth superlative exclamations of delight.\\nFor many years one of the cottages on the Piermont slope was\\nthat of Leiris Oaylord Clark, the friend of Irving, his associate\\nin the publication of Salmagundi, and long-timeeditor of The\\nKnickerbocker. Sparkill, a favorite summer residence with city\\npeople, and historic old Tapjmn, where Andre was hung, and\\nwhere so many other things of life and death happened durmg the\\nWar for Independence, are only just back of the shore hills.\\nFrom Dohhs Ferry to Irmngton, to return to the eastern sJiore\\nof the Tappan Sea, is about \\\\}4, miles, and may be covered by a\\ndelightful walk along the old Croton Aqueduct. AYalk from the\\nrailway station along the main street of Dobbs Ferry as far as its\\nturn to the right, when the stile and path down to the top of the", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "48 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\naqueduct will be seen. This path leads straight across the fields,\\ngiving occasional glimpses of the river and of the finest houses,\\nin a much better way, and at far less expense of time and labor,\\nthan by following the roundabout course of Broadway. Mrs.\\nHenry Draper, widow of the eminent scientific author, lives near\\nwhere the aqueduct is first encountered; and farther on Gen.\\nSamuel Thomas; while the comfortable and spacious country-\\nhouse of the late Cyrus W. Field is seen upon the higher ground\\nto the right, above Broadway. As Irvington is approached, the\\nhouses along a deep glen form the Ahhottsford neighborhood, and\\nare owned by such prominent persons as David Dows and Joseph\\nStiner (the house with a large dome) and others.\\nTHE CROTON AQUEDUCTS.\\nThe aqueduct alluded to above is that old one which has\\nconducted water from the Croton River to New York for half a\\ncentury. It was finished in 1842, is of brick, and is placed on or\\nnear the surface, occasionally tunneling under high ground, and\\nagain spanning some ravine upon arches, as particularly across\\nKill Brook in Sing Sing, where the structure is most picturesque\\na single stone arch seventy feet high, and having a span of\\neighty-eight feet. In general, it follows the old post-road, and is\\ntraceable by its white stone ventilating towers nearly all the way\\nfrom the mouth of the Croton to the beautiful High Bridge by\\nwhich it is carried across the Harlem River. It conducts nearly\\n100,000,000 gallons a day, but long ago proved inadequate, and\\nafter much preliminary work the construction of a second con-\\nduit from the Croton Valley to the city was begun in January,\\n1884, and was completed in 1890.\\nThe Neio Aqueduct consists of a brick tunnel, laid in an almost\\nperfectly straight line from Croton Lake to the Harlem near\\nHigh Bridge, through the solid rock, and at an average depth of\\n500 feet below the surface. This tunnel is thirty miles long and\\nfourteen feet in diameter, and delivers over 300,000,000 of gallons\\neach twenty-four hours. At times as many as 10,000 men were\\nemployed upon it, and the total cost was $25,000,000. Nothing\\nto equal it in magnitude of engineering is known in any other\\npart of the world.\\nThe Croton flows from the Highlands southward to its\\ndebouchment into the Hudson at Sing Sing. It drains a basin,\\npopularly called the Croton water-shed, having an area of 338\\nsquare miles, above the present Croton dam. This region is a\\nhilly country full of ponds and brooks, tbe surface of which is\\ngravel overlying a hard and impervious gneissic rock. Much of\\nit is covered with second-growth woods, and the cleared portion is", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 49\\ndevoted mainly to dairying. The rapidity of the main river and\\nmany of its tributaries has, however, invited the utilization of\\nthe water-power and many mills and factories have sprung up,\\nwhile the population of the valley has greatly increased, and\\nhotels and boarding-houses are enlarged and added to annually.\\nMost of these, deliberately or accidentally, drain their refuse into\\nthe Croton, and thence into the city s drinking supply. Thus\\nfar the oxygenating power of the sunshine and running water\\nhave sufficed to overcome these befoulments and keep the water\\nwholesome, if not as pure as when sent down from the hills and\\nfiltered through the gravel-beds; but the time will soon be at\\nhand when it will be vitally important to check this menace to\\nthe health of the metropolis by reserving a broad park-like\\nmargin along the principal streams, and around the many artifi-\\ncial reservoirs which store the winter s rains against summer s\\ndrouth, from human occupation; or perhaps, finally, by evicting\\nthe whole population of the water-shed Those interested in the\\ndetails of construction and management of this wonderful aque-\\nduct and system of water-supply will find a valuable illustrated\\narticle upon it in The Centuri/ {nvdgazme), Vol. XVII, December,\\n1889, p. 205.\\nIrvington, the river-landing and railroad station next north of\\nHastings, at the foot of the Tappan Sea, is a village of compara-\\ntively recent growth, inhabited, in great part, by the families of\\ngentlemen whose place of business is in New York. The river\\nis here about three miles wide, and the sloping hills that look\\nover this tranquil bay are literally covered with beautiful villas\\nand charming grounds. At no point on the Hudson are there\\nmore evidences of wealth and refinement, and this locality around\\nIrvington is noted as one of the most aristocratic suburbs of the\\ngreat metropolis. Many of these palatial structures are furnished\\nwith the choicest that art and wealth can produce, and are the\\nabodes of luxury, culture, and the most exquisite taste.\\nTHE STORY OF SUNNYSIDE.\\nThis village is named in honor of Washington Irving, whose\\nfancy and pen have informed the whole district with immortal\\ninterest. As usual, it is delightful to walk, or wheel, or drive\\nalong the ancient highway through and northward of Irvington;\\nbut the object of special interest, Irving s home at Sunnyside,\\ncan not be seen from that road, since it stands close to the river\\nbank, three-fourths of a mile distant. It is only half a mile north", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "50 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\nof the railway station, however, and is excellently seen from the\\nwindows of the railway cars, or with less distinctness from a\\nsteamer s deck. It is a many-gabled, vine-clad cottage, covered with\\nstucco and shadowed by grand trees. When Irving bought the\\nplace, in 1835, the locality was vaguely known as Dearman s, for\\nit was not until 1854 that a suflScient settlement accumulated to\\nbe set off from Tarrytown and called Irving. This farm con-\\ntained, at that time, ten acres, and there stood upon it a small\\nstone house called Wolf ert s Roost {roost, rest), from a former\\nowner, Wolfert Acker, who had been one of the Committee of\\nPublic Safety in 76, and had come here to set up his Rest and\\ntake his ease. Later, eight more acres were added to Sunny-\\nside, as the author styled his new property. The main facts in\\nits history have been pleasantly told by Mr. Clarence Cook, in an\\narticle in The Century for May, 1887, reminiscent of his school-\\nboy life in Tarrytown, when he enjoyed Irving s friendship. He\\ntells us that Irving at once called in the services of a sympathetic\\nartist, George Harvey, who, while he enlarged and modernized\\nthe house, kept all the old-times air and picturesqucncss\\nwhich had struck the author s fancy the little old-fashioned\\nstone mansion, all made up of gable-ends, and as full of angles\\nand corners as an old cocked hat, as the owner himself hns\\ndescribed it. Over the entrance to the porch may still be read\\nthe inscription Oeorge Harvey, B umr., the last word an abbrevia-\\ntion for Boumeister, which Mr. Irving had raked up as Dutch\\nfor architect. The beautiful growth of English ivy that clothes\\nthe front of the cottage has all grown from a slip brought from\\nMelrose Abbey by a friend, Mrs. Renwick. This lady was a\\nMiss Jeffrey, of Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and w^as\\nthe heroine of Burns Blue-eyed Lassie and of another song.\\nSuch is Mr. Cook s assertion, contradicting the popular statement\\nthat the ivy grew from slips given to Irving by Sir Walter Scott\\nat Abbotsford.\\nThe interior of Mr. Irving s house, according to Mr. Cook,\\nhardly corresponded with the promise made by the outside. As\\nI remember, he says, it was plainly but comfortably furnished\\nand, compared with almost any house lived in by a person of\\nIrving s position, to-day would certainly be said to have a bare\\nlook. There was nothing in Irving s surroundings, or\\nin his way of life, to suggest the literary man. His house might\\n1", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 51\\nhave been that of any gentleman bachelor, with a happy turn for\\nindolence, with no expensive tastes, but with an inborn relish\\nfor the simple pleasures of country life.\\nThis historic house has recently been rebuilt and greatly\\nenlarged.\\nThe old highway from Irmngton to Tarrytown is especially\\nbeautiful and is bordered by noble properties, mainly between it\\nand the water. As seen from the river, the residences about\\nTarrytown rise tier upon tier. That on the hill, with the pointed\\ntower, is Cunningham Castle. Near it are the still stately\\nruins of the burned home of the painter, Albert Bierstadt; and a\\nlong list of names of men prominent in the world of business\\nwould be found on the door-plates of the mansions ensconced\\namong those umbrageous trees. Most conspicuous among them,\\nas is appropriate, is the tall square marble tower of the late Jay\\nQoukVs hoiise^ Lyndehurst, which rises like a bright monument\\nabove the green bank of foliage. It is interesting not only as the\\nformer residence of the most powerful, and, since the death of\\nCommodore Vanderbilt, the most picturesque business man of\\nthe country, but from the fact that it was originally Paulding\\nManor, the country-house of William Paulding, a nephew of\\nthe hero of the Andre capture, and cousin of Admiral Paulding,\\nU. S. N. He was a prominent merchant of the early decades\\nof this country, and was Mayor of New York at the time of\\nLafayette s visit in 1824; and his house represents the best type\\nof Tudor architecture. It is best seen from a northerly direction.\\nThe windows of all these mansions look out upon the Tap-\\npan Sea (or Zee), so named because the Tappan Indians were\\nfound along its western shore by the Dutchmen. Many a story\\nmight be told of its waters and circling shores, one of which\\nIrving has left us in his Chronicle of Wolferfs Boost, relating to\\nthe Revolutionary period, when every farmer had to be upon his\\nguard against the bandits that infested this debatable land\\nbetween the lines of the opposing armies. The story may not be\\nveritable history, but it is a picture of those times, nevertheless:\\nWhile this marauding system prevailed on shore, the Great\\nTappan Sea, which washes this belligerent region, was domi-\\nneered over by British frigates and other vessels of war, anchored\\nhere and there to keep an eye upon the river, and maintain a\\n5", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "52 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\ncommunication between the various military posts. Stout gal-\\nleys, also, armed with eighteen-pounclers, and navigated with\\nsails and oars, cruised about like hawks, ready to pounce upon\\ntheir prey.\\nAll these were eyed with bitter hostility by the Dutch yeo-\\nmanry along shore, who were indignant at seeing their great\\nMediterranean plowed by hostile prows; and would occasion-\\nally throw up a mud breastwork on a point or promontory,\\nmount an old iron field-piece, and fire away at the enemy, though\\nthe greatest harm was apt to happen to themselves from the\\nbursting of their ordnance; nay, there was scarce a Dutchman\\nalong the river tbat w^ould hesitate to fire with his long duck gun\\nat any British cruiser that came within reach, as he had been\\naccustomed to fire at water-fowl.\\nAbout this time, the Roost [i. e., Sunnyside] experienced a\\nvast accession of warlike importance in being made one of the\\nstations of the water-guard. This was a kind of aquatic corps of\\nobservation, compt sed of long, sharp, canoe-shaped boats, tech-\\nnically calkd whale -boals, that lay lightly on the water, and\\ncould be rowx d with great rapidity. They were manned by\\nresolute fellow^s, skilled at pulling an oar or handling a musket.\\nThese lurked about in nooks and bays, and behind those long\\npromontories which run out into the Tappan Sea, keeping a look-\\nout, to give notice of the approach or movements of hostile ships.\\nThey roved about in pairs; sometimes at night, with mutfied\\noars, gliding like specters about frigates and guard-ships riding\\nat anchor, cutting off any boats that made for shore, and keeping\\nthe enemy in constant uneasiness. These musquito-cruisers gen-\\nerally kept aloof by day, so that their harboring places might not\\nbe discovered, but would pull quietly along, under shadow of the\\nshore, at night, to take up their quarters at the Roost. Hither,\\nat such time, would also repair the hard-riding lads of the hills,\\nto hold secret councils of war with the ocean chivalry and in\\nthese nocturnal meetings were concerted many of those daring\\nforays, by land and water, that resounded throughout the\\nborder.\\nWith such a history, is it surprising to learn that Irving should\\nhear such traditions as the following:\\nBefore closing this historic document, I can not but advert\\nto certain notions and traditions concerning the venerable pile in\\nquestion. Old-time edifices are apt to gather odd fancies and\\nsuperstitions about them, as they do moss and weather-stains;\\nand this is in a neighborhood a little given to old fashioned\\nnotions, and who look upon the Roost as somewhat of a fated\\nmansion. A lonely, rambling, down-hill lane leads to it, over-\\nhung with trees, with a wild brook dashing along, and crossing\\nand recrossing it. This lane I found some of the good people\\nof the neighborhood shy of treading at night; why, I could not", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 53\\nfor a long time ascertain, until I learned that one or two of the\\nrovers of the Tappan Sea, shot by the stout Jacob during the\\nwar, had been buried hereabout, in unconsecrated ground.\\nAnother local superstition is of a less gloomy kind, and one\\nwhich I confess I am somewhat disposed to cherish. The Tap-\\npan Sea, in front of the Roost, is about three miles wide, bor-\\ndered by a lofty line of waving and rocky hills. Often, in the\\nstill twilight of a summer evening, when the sea is like glass,\\nwith the opposite hills throwing their purple shadows half across\\nit, a low sound is heard, as of the steady, vigorous pull of oars,\\nfar out in the middle of the stream, though not a boat is to be\\ndescried. This I should have been apt to ascribe to some boat\\nrowed along under the shadows of the western shore, for sounds\\nare conveyed to a great distance by water, at such quiet hours;\\nand I can distinctly hear the baying of the watch-dogs at night\\nfrom the farms on the sides of the opposite mountains. The\\nancient traditionists of the neighborhood, however, religiously\\nascribed these sounds to a judgment upon one Rumbout Van\\nDam, of Spiting Devil, who danced and drank late one Saturday\\nnight, at a Dutch quilting frolic, at Kakiat, and set off alone for\\nhome in his boat, on the verge of Sunday morning, swearing he\\nwould not land till he reached Spiting Devil, if it took him a\\nmonth of Sundays. He was never seen afterward, but is often\\nheard plying his oars across the Tappan Sea, a Flying Dutchman\\non a small scale, suited to the size of his cruising-ground; being\\ndoomed to ply between Kakiat and Spiting Devil till the day of\\njudgment, but never to reach the land.\\nTarrytown, whose port, railway station, and business streets\\nare seen immediately above Irvington, which, indeed, it formerly\\nincluded, is a beautiful and long-established village with consid-\\nerable trade and manufacturing, as well as a large population of\\nfamilies whose business is in New York. The name is said to be\\nfrom the Dutch Terwen Dorp, or Wheat Town, in reference to the\\nleading product of the district; this the English half-translated into\\nTerwen Town, and then corrupted into Tarrytown. It abounds in\\nirregular, beautifully shaded avenues, lined by costly and elegant\\nhouses, crowding all citizens of small means into the low-lying\\nstreets along the water-front. The ornamental arrangement of\\nthe grounds about the new station here will attract attention, as\\nwell as the great fountain, given as a present to the public by\\nthe Rev. and Mrs. E. C. Bull.\\nSLEEPY HOLLOW, PAST AND PRESENT.\\nThose who delight to seek out places of historical and poetic\\nassociation will not fail to stroll about Tarrytown, and will wau-\\n6", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "54 ISfEW YOKK TO TARRYTOWl!^^.\\nder out to Sleepy Hollow in search of the scene of the romance\\nof Ichabod Crane and Ivatrina Van Tassel, and of that frightful\\napparition, The Headless Horseman; and will not fail to visit the\\ngrave of Wn^Mngton Irving.\\nSleepy Hollow is the narrow valley of Pocantico Creek, which\\nflows into the Hudson half a mile north of the railway station,\\nwhere the jutting out of Kingsland s Point marked by a light-\\nhouse\u00e2\u0080\u0094forms a small bay. The name is regarded as a half-con-\\ntemptuous translation of the Dutch words slcqjerig haven; and\\nIrving himself tells us why.\\nNot far from Tarrytown, he writes, there is a little valley,\\nor rather a lap of land, among high hills, which is one of the\\nquietest places in the whole world. A small brook glides through\\nit, with just murmur enough to lull one to repose, and the occa-\\nsional whistle of a quail, or tapping of a woodpecker, is almost\\nthe only sound that ever breaks in upon the uniform tran-\\nquillity.\\nSleepy Hollow, in the phrase of Clarence Cook, whose\\narticle was referred to a few paragraphs back, is still very\\nmuch the same lazy country road it was in the old days when we\\nschool-boys wandered along it in the summer afternoons, picking\\nblackberries from the wayside vines. Following the turnpike\\nroad [Broadway] down the hill we come to Bcekman s mill-pond,\\nand crossing the pretty stream, the Pocantico, on the bridge over\\nwhich Ichabod galloped, pursued in his mad flight by the head-\\nless horseman, we reach the old Dutch church, surrounded by the\\ngraves of many generations those of the earlier settlers cluster-\\ning thickly about the church itself, while the newer graves people\\nthe rising ground toward the north.\\nIt is in this newer portion of the cemetery that Washington\\nIrving lies. His grave is in the middle of a large plot purchased\\nby him in 1853, six years before his death. The stone that marks\\nhis grave is a plain slab of white marble, on which are engraved\\nhis name and date alone, without any memorial inscription. The\\npath that leads to the entrance gate of the plot is so worn by the\\nfeet of visitors that a stranger hardly needs to ask his way to the\\nchurch.\\nIt would not have been easy to find a place more in harmony\\nwith the associations that gather. about Irving s name as a writer,\\nthan the spot in which he is buried. Even to-day, with all the\\nchanges that have been brought about by the growth of the", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 55\\nneighboring settlement, the spirit of peace and quiet that used to\\nbrood over the region hovers there undisturbed. Irviug s own\\nwords in the Legend of Sleepy Hollow, describing tlie grave-yard,\\nthe old church, and the stream that plays about its feet, reflect\\nwith the faithfulness of a mirror the scene as we behold it\\nto-day.\\nHere is the church, a small building with rough sides of the\\ncountry stone, suimounted by a picturesque roof, and with an\\nopen bell turret, over which still veers the vane pierced with the\\ninitials of the Frederick Felypsen who built the church and\\nendowed it in 1699. In our nimbles about the grave-yard we used\\nto find the bricks of light-colored clay, brought from Holland, and\\nof which, so tradition said, the church had originally been built,\\nor which had, at any rate, been largely used in its construction.\\nAbove Irving s grave, and those of his many relatives, the land\\nswells into a knoll surmounted by the memorials of the Delamin\\nfamily. These consist of a tall shaft of granite, observable from\\nfar out on the river, and supporting a grand figure; and of six\\nmarble statues, one representing Jesus, and the others symbolical\\nfigures of Immortality, Faith, etc., disposed about the pedestal\\nof the column among the graves. This eminence, called Battle\\nHill, overlooks the highw^ay, the Pocantico Vale, and the sweetest\\npart of the Tarrytown slope. In 1779 it was crowned by a forti-\\nfication of the Patriot army, but received no assault. Remains\\nof the earthworks may yet be traced; and their site is still further\\nmarked by a small cannon, mounted upon a granite carriage, and\\nhaving near it a pyramid of projectiles. This gun bears an\\ninscription informing readers that it is the rifled steel cannon\\nwhich caused Napoleon III. to make its inventor a member of the\\nLegion of Honor; but why this red-painted modern weapon and\\nits vulgar personal advertisement should be accepted as an histor-\\nical monument anywhere, and, above all, in this City of Peace, is\\na curiosity of inconsistency remaining unexplained.\\nThe present bridge is, of course, a very modern atfair, replac-\\ning that one which Irving knew, and which itself had no memo-\\nries of the old colonial times of which the great romancer wrote.\\nBut the tranquil and weedy pond below it is the same as that of\\nthe days when the burghers brought their grist a horseback to be\\nground at Wheat Town; and the identical old mill is still stand-\\nFrederick Philipse the first, whose first manor-house, or castle, still\\nstands a little way down the stream by the old mill.", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "56 NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN.\\ning under the trees at the foot of the pond, by its moss-grown\\ndam. Near it is the old Phllipse manor-house, or Castle Phil-\\nipse, whence the family moved to Yonkers when their newer\\nmanor-house was built there. It is stanch as ever, but is\\nsadly belittled by the sumptuous homes of modern days, and can\\nscarcely be seen for the foliage. This house, the mill, and the\\ndam are all well seen from the railway while the train is crossing\\nthe mouth of the Pocantico, north of the station.\\nThe sliortest road to Sleepy Hollow from the station is along the\\nstieet that leads up the railway track, and gradually bends to the\\nright. It is a walk of twenty to thirty minutes, through an\\nunpleasant part of town. Much more interesting is the longer\\nway up the hill to Broadway, then northward to where, at a brick\\nchurch, a wide road descends toward the left; this must be fol-\\nlowed around the cove to the bridge and pond, beside which are\\nthe old church and the cemetery. Tw^o hours will amply sutflce to\\nwalk around this way and back to the station, and to see all that\\nthe casual tourist will feel an interest in; but the distance is too\\ngreat for feeble pedestrians. Carriages are always waiting at\\nTarrytown station, however.\\nThe Monument to Andre s Capture. About half-w^ay to\\nSleepy Hollow, on Broadw^ay, stands a monument commemorat-\\ning one of the most interesting episodes of the War for Inde-\\npendence the capture of Andr(^% the story of which is told in\\nthe next section. It w^as originally a simple, small obelisk,\\nerected in 1853 by the people of Westchester County, upon a\\npedestal bearing the following inscription, with some additional\\nsentiments of appreciation\\nOn this Spot,\\nThe 25th Day of September, 1780, the Spy,\\nMAJOR JOHN ANDRE,\\nAdjutant General of the British Army, Was Captured by\\nJohn Paulding, David Williams, and Isaac Van Wart,\\nAll Natives of this County.\\nTo this was added, upon the centennial anniversary of the inci-\\ndent, in 1880, a bronze statue of a minute-man, specifically repre-\\nsenting John Paulding, which is poised effectively upon the top", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "NEW YORK TO TARRYTOWN. 57\\nof the obelisk, and a bronze panel, by Theodore Bauer, depicting\\nthe capture of Andre in a very spirited way. These were the gift\\nof a citizen, John Anderson; and it is unfortunate that this fine\\nlittle monument does not stand where it can be seen to better\\nadvantage. The little stream below it is now called Andre s\\nBrook; and near the monument there formerly stood a great\\nwhitewood, long known as the Andr6 tree.\\nOther stirring adventures occurred at Tarrytoicn in those days.\\nLying between the two armies, it was alternately occupied and\\nabandoned by each, and always exposed to the marauders that\\ninfested the whole region. Here were landed, in 1777, Vaughan s\\ntroops to co-operate in the attack on Fort Montgomery; and at\\nanother time, a vigorous cannonade was poured from its intrench-\\nments upon an English flotilla. One of the liveliest local stories\\nis that of the successful surprise, by a body of American militia,\\nof a large corps of British refugees, gathered at the tavern of\\nElizabeth Van Tassel. The enemy were amusing their evening\\nhours with cards, when Major Hunt and his volunteers rushed\\ninto the apartment, the Major exclaiming, as he brandished over\\nthe table the huge stick with which he was armed:\\nGentlemen, clubs are trumps!\\nThe luckless card-players were avenged by other and counter\\nincidents in the strife, as in the capture, by Colonel Emmerick, of\\nthe Continental Guard, which was quartered in Requa s house,\\nwhen four of the patriots were killed and the remaining dozen\\nwere taken prisoners; and again, in the spring of 1782, when a\\nparty of refugees, commanded by Lieutenant Akerly, captured\\nthree American militia-men, named Yerks, Van Wart, and Strong,\\nthe last of whom was hanged on the spot,\\nA steam-ferry connects Tarrytown with Nyack; and the\\nCrystenah and other boats ply regularly between Tarrytown and\\nNew York, and also to and from certain up-river landings.", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nThe Eastern shore of Tappaa Sea, north of Tarrytown, is\\nstudded with the country-seats of prominent persons. At the\\nmouth of the Pocantico, occupying KiivjslamVs Point (behind the\\nlight-house) and tlie neighboring river hinds, are the long-occupied\\nhouses of the Kingsland family, one of whom was a noted mayor\\nof New York. Higher up the hill, not far from Sleepy Hollow,\\nlies the old estate of Gen. James Watson Webb, one of whose\\nsons is now conspicuous as the acting third vice-president of the\\nNew York Central Railroad. One of his neighbors is Mrs.\\nAnson G. Phelps, and another is William Rockefeller, president\\nof the Standard Oil Company, who occupies the ancient chateau\\nRockwood, in which the Aspinwalls and other noted families\\nhave dwelt in past years. A little farther north, near Scarbor-\\nough station and landing, the Scarboroughs, Remsens, etc.,\\nreside in the summer, and here is the Shepard Memorial Church.\\nThe Western shore of the Tappan Sea is nearer to those\\nwho travel upon steamers, and must not be overlooked in our\\ndescription. The Palisades, which the Mohicans said were\\nerected by the Great Spirit to protect his favorite abodes from\\nunhallowed eyes of mortals is this a bit of sun-myth, referring (o\\nthe declining king-of-day? have given place to a graceful blend-\\ning of valley and hill, stretching northward to a bold promontory\\nwhich, in some states of the weather, becomes sublime in its\\naspect. The scenery of the Tappan Sea and its boldly sculptured\\nshores varies widely, with the state of the atmosphere, from the\\nmost tame and prosaic condition to an appearance of bold\\ngrandeur or idyllic beauty. The voyager, remarks the land-\\nscape artist Richards, might very reasonably think himself in\\nfairy-land, should he chance here on a quiet, sunny summer day,\\nwhen the clear still waters reflect the whiteness of a hundred lazy\\nsails, and the sunshine of the all-encircling hillsides; or he might\\nforget that he is upon the bosom of a decorous ar.d peaceful\\n(58)", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "", "height": "1533", "width": "5172", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "M\\nI", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 59\\nriver, should storm and tempest darken the mountains and\\nvallej^s, and rudely awaken the dreaming floods.\\nNyack, just beyond the Piermont jetty, is the only town of\\nimportance on the western side of Tappan Sea. It is a pretty\\nand prosperous village at the terminus of the Northern Railroad\\nof New Jersey. Of late years, it has become one of the favorite\\nsuburban summer residences, and for some reason has especially\\nattracted many of the South Americans of wealth or promi-\\nnence who live in New York and Washington.\\nThe village includes, besides Nyack proper, South Nyack, West\\nNyack, and Upper Nyack. In winter it has some 5,000 inhabit-\\nants, and settles down into a steady-going manufacturing town,\\nin which nearly everybody is concerned, directly or indirectly,\\nwith making shoes, or else witli building yachts and boats. In\\nsummer, however, Nyack is increased by three or. four thousand\\nsummer residents, who fill the hotels and boarding-houses, and\\nfind plentiful amusement in rambling and boating over her hills\\nand along her shore. The large building seen in the southern\\npart of the town, near the water, is the Tappan Zee Hotel, while\\nthe still larger Prospect House is visible higher up the hill.\\nBoth of tliese are summer houses. A ferry connects Nyack with\\nTarrytown, the steamboat Bockland making hourly trips; and\\nthis way runs the tally-ho coach between New York and Tuxedo,\\ntwenty-two miles west, stopping for lunch at the capital St.\\nGeorge Restaurant, near the landing.\\nThe Northern Railroad of New Jersey makes its northern\\nterminus at Nyack, a few blocks from the landing, and affords\\nalmost hourly communication with the city. This road is leased\\nto the New York, Lake Erie Western, and is a model of a\\nsuburban line.\\nIts trains leave from the Erie station, in Jersey City (23d\\nand Chambers streets, New York, by ferry), and run up along the\\nwestern base of Bergen Ridge, until this breaks, and allows the\\nroad to reach the river-side again at Nyack. It is a charming\\ncountry thai behind the Palisades. The broad meadows of the\\nHackensack are first seen, then the narrower valley of its eastern\\ntributary, the Overpeck; and quaint old villages are strung along,\\nwith an almost continual line of modern cottages and summer\\nhomes. This is a favorite field for New York artists, some of\\nthe foremost of whom dwell at Ridgefield Park, Leonia, and", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "v.P\u00c2\u00bbl :hin Hollow\\n^efferaon o\\n\\\\tiOTth Harpenfield\\nWOOOCMUCK MT. c T r\\n^VOTTERMT. S.Je\u00c2\u00ab^n\\nWMiMEMT.se7o X^, TVert Gilboa 1^*\\n\\\\ll^arper\u00c2\u00abfield Center ^~-^i2^_^-,y^\\n^^%5.!^^ BALS HT.\\nH-J MineTCiln Falls\\nSTAMPORC\\nC H O H(c a R i E w\\nI A L\\nLlvlnj^tOD^\\nBroome Center o\\nn\u00e2\u0084\u00a2V2 Highland Ho.\\nSmithton\\nDormaniriUe o\\nB A\\n\\\\JCoeyniaus l.atuHiSii; ol\\nStephranvllle o\\n^\\\\\\\\\\\\\u00c2\u00bbV\\n_, .\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Gilboa2L^^;^ S* JO\\nPj hobart\\nWratl\\nGrS-nvlllJce\\nSOUTH KORTHIGHT ball \u00c2\u00abt1 v^\\n^_j GRAND GORGE\\nSTRAWBEI\\nKNOS\\n/North Settlement\\nnSHMmoPWic E.Durh\u00c2\u00abn; Freehold\\nMT.HAYOEN oCornwallvUI,\\nHervey Street o\\nMT. NORWOOD\\nMT.20ATH\\nE.WIndham\\n^oO\\nJ street\\ni S\u00c2\u00bb\\\\*\\nvtoUo\u00c2\u00ab\\n\u00c2\u00abEST .EWETT\\nJewett Heifjlits jt, black head\\nnOUNOHILL// ^^,0*, 3,45\\nLeiinKton T^^A^p^-^^v-^ lawbe\\njewett Cen.ft ,-^__^-^ btoppel\\nCnho ForRe o\\nv( \\\\V. Athena?\\nhalcottM^\\nkelly s cors,\\nMOTEL\\n*4\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb NORTH\\no.\\ny^^yjllt\\\\/ /o MONKEY Mil*- ..g||) ^v.^\\nCOOEWOOoYji^ PEAK\\nFLEISJ WMANN Svi Buhhnvllville\\ny -w!**^ \u00c2\u00ab3nP vO ^LANESVILLE -V\\\\Ft. Ruin\\nTtf __. m ^^..,,_ -p-Sr/ ^^t\\ni/ Jrf^ OVERl^OK^\\nRAND HOTE\\n^_v 8TA. ;iJl\\nI at.Hkill LclR.\\nink Rti.ii\\nQuarryvllle JKr Geniianiowi\\nySauge^le. flji BlueSU.re)\\n)fe^ t) ^^ByHOENICIA ^s==^3^ z A\\nS Woodland o/.fl^^ V\u00c2\u00bb^* NXy^y^HlKhwooda o ^J ^ll^\\n\\\\34. 1?* VwftONGVEAR V v.? 1 1 S^\\n^^o,^, ^,v ,1\\\\mT. PLEASANT V VT Dutch |jbGlen- l\\nI Annriiiilalt\\nC\\nHEMLOCK MT.NJJ CLUB r WITTENBERG MT. BlCOLD BROOK\\nJI .f.k\\nlive J, \\\\yJi^^^ ^^W If J Oi\\nLIVE --J^^S- lK^\\nPEAK ^MOOSE ei7\u00c2\u00bb BRODHEAD S BRIOGET^^fil^ STON/\\nHridKeW^^BROWN SfSTA.\\nMap Showing _\\n\\\\UMMER Resorts 1.\\n..oH\u00c2\u00ab^ Cats KILLS\\nPeached by Day [ine 5jeamers\\n-jy\\nSCALE OF MILES\\n13 8 4 5 6\\ncliff Bulla Head\\nPll\u00e2\u0080\u009eri.lie o\\nSehultiville", "height": "3072", "width": "3069", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "60 TARUYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nEnglewood. It abounds in quaint relics of colonial times, as at\\nRidgefleld, Tenafly, Closter, Tappan; and was the scene, in the\\nearlier years of the Revolution, of some of the most stirring inci-\\ndents of that war. Altogether, the ride by rail from Jersey City to\\nNyack is scarcely less interesting than that by river.\\nNyack is also touched, at West Nyack, 21 miles from the river,\\nby the West Shore Railroad, and it has a daily line of steamboats\\nto and from New York.\\nThis part of the Hudson, above Nyack, the pilots term Tappan\\nReach, and it is overshadowed by the extension of the Palisades,\\nlocally called Hook Mountain, but more anciently known as Mount\\nVerdrietig Range. This range is elevated in the middle into the\\nrounded dome of Ball Mountain, and ends northward in the bold\\npromontory which has already excited our admiration. The\\nsouthern prominence of this headland is Verdrietig Hook the\\nfarther one, where the shore makes a slight bend westward, is\\nDiedrich Hook, or Point-no-Point. These hills are about 700\\nfeet high, rough and uninhabited, but pleasing in outline and\\ncolor; their extraordinary name, which is spelled in every possible\\nway except the right, is a Dutch adjective meaning doleful,\\nsad. The reference was probably at first to the point or hook\\n(Verdrietig Hoek), where baffling winds often make trouble\\nfor the saiiorman, and render his passage of the cape tedious,\\nand afterward the name was extended to the whole range\\ninland.\\nSing Sing, perched upon the hills of the eastern shore, is just\\nin advance on the right, as the steamer comes opposite Point-no-\\nPoint, wilh the famous State Prison in plain view by the edge of\\nthe water.\\nThis odd designation has been accounted for by various face-\\ntious expedients. Irving says, truly, that it is a corruption of a\\nMohican place-word, 0-sin-sing, referring to the rocky nature of\\nthe site and then adds in liis droll humor\\nSome have rendered it, 0-sin-song, or 0-sing-song, in token\\nof its being a great market town, where anything may be had for\\na mere song. Its present melodious alteration to Sing Sing is\\nsaid to have been in compliment to a Yankee singing-master, who\\ntaught the inhabitants the art of singing through the nose.\\nOthers say the name is a variation of that of a Chinese ruler,\\nTsing Sing, and was brought over by a Dutch sailor who had\\ntraded with the Celestial Empire. It comes, however, from the\\nred man s tongue, and means a stony place; and well is the neigh-", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "f-\\ni", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 61\\nborhood named, for a more rugged spot of hill and ravine, and\\na wilder upheaving of rock and bowlder, one could hardly ask\\nfor within the streets of an orderly Christian town.\\nTlie milage of Sing Sing must be kept quite distinct from the\\nprison. It is by no means a sort of penal colony, as the public is\\ntoo apt to regai d it, but an ancient, prosperous, and picturesque\\nsuburb of New York, where some 10,000 excellent people dwell\\namid surroundings that for health and beauty can hardly be\\nmatched in the whole valley. The town lies upon rocky hills\\nand overlooks the most varied, and perhaps the most beautiful,\\nriver landscape along the valley. Just north of the town, as the\\ntraveler upon the steamer has before now observed ahead of him,\\nthe river is invaded by a long projection from the eastern shore,\\nwhich has quite cut off his view. This is Croton Point, and the\\nwater between it and the Sing Sing shore is Croton Bay^ or the\\nestuary of Croton River, which the Indians called Kitchawonk.\\nAs one stands upon any of the village streets facing the\\nriver, his glance not only takes in a long southward sweep of the\\nopposite shore with its irregular highlands, but embraces, in\\nmost pleasing perspective, the several summits north of Verdrie-\\ntig Hook, which have the sharpness and pose of real mountains,\\nthough only five or six hundred feet in height. But the eye, mov-\\ning on northward, kindles with increasing pleasure as it ranges\\nacross the foreground of sail-dotted bay, and beyond the green\\nand diversified interception of Croton Point, to the expanse of\\nHaverstraw Bay northward, where the farther shore rises, far\\ninland, into the blue and irregular mountains of Orange County,\\nover at the head of the Ramapo. Que is constantly surprised by\\nglimpses, through the trees and across gardens that fill the fore-\\nground with life and color, throwing into artistic remoteness the\\nshining river and cool blue hills, of bits of this scenery which are\\npicturesque in the truest sense of the word; and that is a term\\nwhich can not be applied discriminatingly to much of the Hud-\\nson River scenery, even where it is both interesting and full of\\ncharm. This rare outlook, the salubrity, the shady and well-\\nkept streets, the excellent water and drainage, and the many\\neducational advantages, have drawn to Sing Sing a large number\\nof wealthy people whose business interests are in New York; and\\none may see there many costly and beautiful homes, and many", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "63 TAKRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nfine churches and school buildings. Besides the public schools,\\nthis town possesses no less than four military boarding-schools\\nfor boys and a seminary for girls, besides two business colleges.\\nIn addition to its churches, the Sing Sing Camp Meeting, on the\\nheights a mile north of town, is largely attended in summer by\\nthe religious people of the whole region.\\nIn the early part of Ihe last century, capital was largely\\nInvested here in silver and cojjper mines, and some of the older\\nfamilies still have in their possession silver spoons and copper\\nutensils which were fashioned from the products of those mines.\\nThe copper mines, a little south of the prison, can still be explored\\nby the curious, but the opening to the silver mines, which were\\non the north bounds of the prison, is now covered by the track\\nof the Hudson River Railroad. Judging from the various and\\nlong corridors extending hundreds of feet under the waters of the\\nHudson, immense sums must have been expended in the develop-\\nment of these mines. Garnets of some size were frequently found\\nin the same locality, and farther north there were traces of gold.\\nThe capital invested in these old mines was truly sunk in the\\nground; but that which has been put into the many factories at\\nSing Sing has given a good return. The Arcade File Works here\\nis the oldest in the country, and now employs 150 men; while the\\nfactory of the much-advertised Brandreth s Pills has extensive\\nworks adjoining the doctor s park-like home grounds along the\\nrailway. A shoe factory employing 225 hands, two foundries\\nfor plumbere castings, a manufactory of cotton-gin machinery,\\nand another of cotton-gin saws, are noticeable among the rest.\\nThese industries nourish the town industrially and keep it brisk.\\nIt has two strong banks, an excellent water and fire-department\\nservice, electric and gas lights, and an assessed valuation of\\nnearly |4,000,000. Sing Sing has thirty trains daily to and\\nfrom New York; the steamer Sarah A. Jenks plies daily, going\\ndown in the morning and back at night; and a small steamboat\\nmakes four round trips a day between Sing Sing and Haverstraw;\\nand the village has electric street-cars.\\nThe State Prison is about one mile south of the station, next\\nthe water. Little of it can be seen from a passing steamer, and\\nstill less from the railway, which passes underneath it through\\ndeep cuttings. The remarkable whiteness of the buildings is due\\nto the fact that they are constructed of dolomite, a coarse marble\\nquarried on the spot, and extensively used as building-stone in", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO AVEST TOTNT. 63\\nthis and other river towns. This prison was founded in 1826,\\nwhen Capt. Elam Lynds took a party of 100 convicts from\\nAuburn Prison to this spot, and set them at work to wall them-\\nselves in. By 1829 this had been accomplished, and the main\\nbuilding was ready. It is now nearly 500 feet long, and has 1,200\\ncells, besides many shops, in which shoes, saddlery, furniture, and\\nother articles were formerly manufactured by convict labor.\\nThe confinement of women in this prison was discontinued many\\nyears ago. About 1,700 persons now find here the quiet, if not\\nthe peace, which complete seclusion from society affords.\\nRockland is the name of the little village, immediately oppo-\\nsite Sing Sing, opened to view as the steamer rounds Point-no-\\nPoint. It is set in a narrow, shady ravine north of Hook Mount-\\nain, and is the port of Rockland Lake, a large sheet of water lying\\na mile or more inland, and about 150 feet above the landing. On\\nthis lake is cut a large portion of the ice used by New York City,\\nand 1,000 men are employed in harvesting and shipping the\\nproduct, which is brought down the ravine by a cable railway,\\nand sent to the city in huge barges. Rockland Lake is also a\\nplace of summer resort, and has upon its borders an extensive\\ngrove, which is a favorite place for farmers picnics and excur-\\nsions from the city.\\nThe ice business of New York may be said to have originated\\nat Rockland Lake, where lived the men who were the founders,\\nmany years ago, of the Knickerbocker Ice Company. At first,\\nsupposing that ice could not be preserved otherwise, they dug\\na hole in the ground holding about 125 tons. The ice was\\ntaken from this pit, placed in a box holding one ton, mounted\\nupon a truck whose wheels were merely sections of round logs,\\nand hauled aboard a boat which then ran down to New York\\nfrom Haverstraw one day and returned the next. The delivery\\nin New York was made in spriugless one-horse carts. How rap-\\nidly and far the business has outgrown these rude beginnings we\\nshall see later.\\nThe long, low promontory reaching out from the eastern shore\\nhere, and separating Croton Bay from the broad expanse of Hav-\\nerstraw Bay above, is called Croton Point; but the extremity of\\nit, cut off by a cross stream, is distinguished as Teller s Point.\\nAt the head of Croton Bay, where the Post Road crosses it,\\nstands the venerable Van Cortlandt manor-house, built by that\\nfine old patroon in 1683, long before his descendants built the two", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "64 TARRYTOWJSr TO WEST POINT.\\nmansions on the Mosholu, in Kew York and it remains one of\\nthe best examples extant of early colonial architecture. The Van\\nCortlandts and Phillipses intermarried at an early date, and became\\nvirtual masters of all this land on the west bank of the river, from\\nhere to the Harlem. It was off Croton (Teller s) Point that the\\nBritish war-ship Vulture, in which Andre came to his fatal confer-\\nence with Arnold, anchored to await his return, and received Ar-\\nnold instead, after having been driven from the neighborhood of\\nVerplank s Point, to Andr(^ s ultimate discomfiture.\\nBeyond these narrows, the shore recedes eastward, and the\\nsteamer enters the broad expanse of Haverstraw Bay, or Ilaver-\\nstroo (oat-straw), as the Dutch wrote it. The eastern shore is a\\nmass of hills, iocreasiug northward to where the Highlands form\\na rugged wall across the whole northern horizon. Westward, the\\nhills strike inland in the Ipfty and abrupt Verdrietig ridges, on\\nwhose farther (southern) slopes the trout brooks combine in Pond s\\nPatent to form the Hackensack; and in the wide tract of com-\\nparative lowlands between this range and the Highlands lies the\\nvillage of Haverstraw, with the historic headland Stony Point\\njutting out beyond it.\\nThe Hudson is here live miles wide the broadest part of its\\ncourse and, as the channel keeps well over in the line of the sweep\\nof the current along the western bank, details on the eastern shore\\nare not well seen from a steamboat deck. The railway ride along\\ntil at shore from Sing Sing to Peekskill is, however, a very pleas-\\nant experience, passing tbe stations Croton, Cruger s (near where\\nBaron Steuben so diligently drilled the recruits in 76), and Mont-\\nrose, whence is obtained the best southern view of the Highlands\\nof the Hudson. The view from Croton is one of the most attract-\\nive landscapes of the whole river. The eye glances backward\\nacross the long and graceful outlines of Croton Point to the west-\\nern mountains, which surprise us by their bold and towering pro-\\nfiles, one behind the oilier, and blue with distance. Across the\\nshimmering, sail-dotted expanse of the bay are tiers of green hills\\nsweeping from High Tor around almost to the Dunderberg, and\\nblue wisps of smoke prettily indicate the prosaic brick-yards of\\nHaverstraw. This Croton shore is a place famous not only for\\nrod and line angling, but also for its shad fisheries.\\nThe glimpse from a passing steamer or railway train is all that\\nthe casual traveler will care to see of Haverstraw, which is a vil-", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 65\\nlage that lias grown up behind some two miles of brick-yards,\\nwhere hundreds of men are mining and molding and baking the\\nfine clay sediment that settled in the eddies of that nook in the\\nby-gone time when the stream was wider and deeper than now.\\nThey even build coffer-dams out into the river to rescue from its\\nbed the valuable brick-clay, and far more than half of all the\\nbrick made along the whole course of the river comes from these\\nyards, which reach to Grassy Point, the steamboat landing.\\nThe tall peak of the Verdrietig Range, which overshadows the\\ntown, is High Tor\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a good old Devonshire word. It is 810 feet in\\naltitude, and may be ascended by a good though steep path, begin-\\nning half a mile south of the station, where the semaphore-post\\nstands. The view is a very wide and pleasing one, and well repays\\none for the exertion.\\nThrough the depression at the hither base of High Tor comes\\nthe old turnpike from the south, famous in Revolutionary annals,\\nand underneath this gap is the long tunnel of the West Shore Rail-\\nroad, which emerges upon the high ground overlooking Haver-\\nstraw, and keeps along the ridge around the meadows in which the\\nMinnissickuongo loiters before falling into Stony Point Bay. The\\nsudden xiew of Haverstraio Bay, which bursts upon the sight as\\nyou leave the tunnel, is one of the noblest pictures in the world. On\\nthe western side of the creek is the s ation West Haverstraio,\\nbehind which may be seen the eminence of Treason Hill, where,\\nin the stone house of Dr. Joshua Hett -Smith, Arnold and Andrei\\nperfected their nefarious bargain. The house still stands promi-\\nnently on the hillside, above the railway track, about a mile north\\nof the Haverstraw Station.\\nTHE STORY OF ARNOLD S TREASON.\\nThe story of Arnold s treason and Andrew s fate is briefly\\nthis: Benedict Arnold was a member of a good family, who dis-\\ntinguished himself early in the war for skill and gallantry, and\\nquickly rose to be a major-general. His financial management,\\nwhile in command at Philadelphia, led to his being arrested,\\ncourt-martialed, and sentenced by Congress to be reprimanded by\\nthe commander-in-chief. This sentence Washington carried out\\nas considerately as he could. Arnold, nevertheless, was deeply\\nembittered, but dissembled his anger; and, having been conspic-\\nuous for valor at Ridgefield and Bemis Heights, where he received\\n6", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "66 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\ngrievous wounds, readily obtained, at his own request, when rein-\\nstated in the early autumn of 1780, the command of the West\\nPoint district, the key to the Hudson. He had previously, how-\\never, been in negotiation with Sir Henry Clinton, the British\\ncommander at New York, for a desertion to the Crown; and\\nthe plan had now so expanded as to include the surrender of\\nthis most important group of posts Mnth their garrisons. The\\ntime was ripe, as Washington was about to lead a large part\\nof the army out of the way into New England. Whether\\nArnold initiated this base plot, or whether, while smarting under\\nwhat he esteemed great wrongs, he had listened to the temptings\\nof the enemy in the person of the noted Tory and officer, Beverly\\nRobinson, is a matter of dispute, but the latter seems more likely.\\nAt any rate he was given command of the Highland forts, and\\ntook up his residence at Beverly, the abandoned homestead of\\nRobinson, nearly opposite West Point, where his family joined\\nhim. (Sec page 86.)\\nHere he began at once to intrigue with Clinton through Rob-\\ninson, using a Haverstraw Tory, Joshua Hett Smith, as mes-\\nsenger. Finally Clinton sent his sloop of war Vulture up the\\nriver, bearing as his emissary his adjutant-general, Maj. John\\nAndr^, accompanied by Beverly Robins-on as adviser. Arnold\\nwas awaiting its coming. Andre was put ashore in what is now\\nthe southern part of Haverstraw village, and there, on the 21st\\nof September, under the shadow of High Tor, the two officers\\nmet in a secret discussion of the treachery and its payment.\\nThey consulted until daybreak, when Arnold persuaded Andr(3\\nto go with him to the house of Dr. Smith (who had previously\\nassisted them), where breakfast was prepared. While at break-\\nfast, cannon were heard booming, and it was learned that Living-\\nston had opened upon the Vulture from a battery on Verplank s\\nPoint, compelling the ship to drop down to a safer anchorage off\\nTeller s Point. After breakfast Andre received the plans of the\\nWest Point works and armament, numbers of troops, etc., which\\nhe wanted, and Arnold rode home.\\nAndre passed the day expecting to go aboard the Vulture that\\nnight, but Smith refused the risk of taking him there, and noth-\\ning remained but to attempt a journey overland, with Smith as\\nguide. Arnold had furnished them with suitable passes, under\\nan assumed name, but as Andr6 wore the conspicuous uniform\\nof his rank, he borrowed a long overcoat with which to conceal\\nit. They started about sunset, and crossed the King s Ferry\\nbetween Stony and Verplank points to the east side of the river,\\nbut could not get beyond the American lines that night. Early", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 67\\nnext morning ihe two proceeded, safely passed the American\\npickets, and tlien, almost within sight of the British lines, Smith\\nturned back and Andre went on alone.\\nIt happened, however, that an irregular outpost of the three\\nmilitia-men, Paulding, Williams, and Van Wart, was watching the\\nroad here near Tarrytown. They stopped Andre, who, mistaking\\nthem for a Tory outpost, instead of showing the pass which\\nwould have caused Paulding, their spokesman, to let him go on,\\navowed himself a British officer who must not be detained. The\\nexhibition of the pass after that imprudence did not satisfy the\\nyoung patriots. They compelled him to dismount, searched him,\\nand found in his stockings the terrible documents. He offered\\nhis captors immense bribes to release him, but they refused, and\\ntook him to the nearest American commander. Colonel Jamieson.\\nThis officer kept the prisoner, but indiscreetly allowed Andr6 to\\nwrite, under his assumed name, to Arnold. Meanwhile, Wash-\\nington had not gone to Connecticut as soon as he anticipated, but\\nthis very morning was starting and proposed to take breakfast\\nwith Arnold and afterward to inspect the new fortifications at\\nWest Point the very day their garrisons were to be scattered so\\nas to appear unable to resist the pretended attack, and the sur-\\nrender was to be consummated. All were sitting at a late breakfast\\nwhen the messenger delivered Andre s note to Arnold. Excusing\\nhimself, he hastened to his barge by an obscure lane, now called\\nArnold s Path, and lowed down to the Vvlture, which hastened\\naway with him to New York, leaving Andr^^ to his fate.\\nAn hour or two pnssed before the evidences of the treachery\\nwere presented to Washington. He immediately prepared for\\nan attack, but none was offered, and tlien organized a court-\\nmartial, which, in spite of Andre s immediate and frank avowal\\nof all the circumstances by which, as the prisoner himself wrote,\\nwas I betrayed into the vile condition of an enemy in disguise\\nwithin your posts, and of a vigorous defense and many protests,\\nsentenced him to death as a spy; and, furthermore, to be hung,\\nas Nathan Hale had been, years before, in New York. He was\\nthus executed, in full uniform, upon a hilltop near Wayne s\\nheadquarters at Tappan, and buried on the spot.* The unhappy\\nfate of this courageous and talented man excited universal sym-\\npathy, but the cooler judgment of that time, and history since,\\nhave justified his execution. A monument w\\\\as erectecl to his\\nmemory in Westminster Abbey when, in 1821, his body was\\ntaken there for reburial; and in 1878 a memorial was built upon\\nthe place of his execution by the late Cyrus W. Field, at the\\nrequest of Dean Stanley, but the latter was destroyed by bucolic\\nfanaticism. The three militia-men w^ere rew^arded by congress-\\nThe coincidence of the poem of the Coiv Chase haa already been men-\\ntioned (p. 35); another curious coincidence is tliat the great whifcwood tree\\nin Tarrytown whicli overspread tlie spot where Andre was caught, and which\\nis described by Irving in the Sketch Book, was destroyed by lightning on the\\nvery day that the news of Arnold s death reached that town I\\n6", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "68 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nional medals and pensions, and now each has his monument at\\nTarrytown or Peekskill. Arnold received from the English gov-\\nernment a part of bis promised reward (about $30,000) and a\\ncolonel s commission. He was sent to wage war in the Carolinas,\\nand was distinguished by his ferocity against the country people\\nwhose farms and villages he ravaged; but, as few English officers\\nwould associate with him, he was sent lo England, where he lived\\nout his life in disgrace and loneliness. But had he succeeded, in\\nwhat a different estimation might he have been held, and how\\ndivergent might have been the course of history\\nSailing past the low meadows and brick-yards of Gmssy\\nPoint, with a glance at Montrose Point and Oscawanna Island, a\\npicnic resort near the opposite shore, attention is concentrated\\nupon the rocky headland jutting out from the western shore a\\nmile or two in advance, where a light-house crowns an eminence\\nof tragic fame. That is Stony Point, the scene of one of the\\nmost brilliant exploits in American annals; and the projecting\\nshore opposite it, which forms the northern boundary of\\nHaverstraw Bay, is Verplank s Point.\\nHere, in colonial days, the greatest public ferry on the Hud-\\nson, and for that reason called the King s Ferry, plied between\\nStony and Verplank s points as a part of the principally traveled\\nroad between New England and the South for there was no\\nWest in those days. This ferry was extremely useful in the\\nmilitary movements of the Continental army, and the possession\\nof these two points became vitally important in 1779, when the\\nsecond series of hostile operations began against the Highlands.\\nHence the history of Stony and Verplank s points is closely\\nconnected, and may appropriately be told here.\\nTHE BATTLE OF STONY POINT.\\nStony Point was naturally so-called, stony in those days\\nmeaning rocky, rather than as we now use the word; Verplank s\\nPoint had been so termed since it had been bought by Philip\\nVerplank from Stephen Van Cortlandt, the local Patroon, whose\\nonly granddaughter and heiress Verplank had married. The\\nriver here became narrow, and fortifications would command the\\nascent of the channel by any ships then owned by either party.\\nTherefore the re fortification of the Highlands, after the with-\\ndrawal of the British in 1777, included these two headlands in its", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 69\\nscheme. The season of 1778 was passed in operations elsewhere,\\nbut with the advent of the summer of 1779 circumstances\\nbegan to draw both armies hither, and the Americans at once\\nproceeded to erect defenses upon each headland. Aware of this,\\nSir Henry Clinton, the British commander at New York, as soon\\nas his Southern expedition returned, led his fleet and a large body\\nof troops northward to put a stop to these preparations. The\\nbulk of his force, under Vaughan, was landed on the eastern\\nshore and ordered to march to the rear of Verplank s Point, where\\na small but complete and scientific battery and block-house (Fort\\nLafayette) had already proved useful in defending the ferry from\\npiratical boats. A lesser detachment, with Sir Henry command-\\ning in person, landed at Haverstraw and marched against the\\nblock-house which already protected the party of workmen build-\\ning redoubts upon its summit. Warned of the intended attack,\\nthe Americans set fire to the block -house and fled to the hills. Sir\\nHenry took possession, and during the night artillery was landed,\\nand with vast exertion was dragged up and mounted in the\\nempty embrasures; and at daylight a cannonade was opened\\nup n Verplank s Point. The little garrison of Lafaj^ette replied\\nwith spirit, but were outmatched, cut off from escape, and forced\\nto surrender. Nobody was killed on either side.\\nThis happened in early June, 1779. The British immediately\\nset themselves to flni-h and arm the series of redoubts upon Stony\\nPoint, until they had constructed a little Gibraltar, which they\\nboasted was quite impregnable. The only land approach to it\\nwas by the causeway road to the ferry across a marsh, which was\\ndefended by an abatis and picket stations. The rock gradually\\nincreases in height as it recedes from the mainland, nearly to the\\nextreme point of the peninsula, whence, from a height of not less\\nthan 50 feet, it suddenly descends, on its northern, eastern, and\\nsouthern faces, to the river. Verplank s Point also had been\\ngreatly strengthened, no less than seven carefully constructed\\nand well armed redoubts having been built there, holding a heavy\\ngarrison.\\nAt this time, warned by these operations that the English\\nwere in earnest in their efforts against the passes of the Hudson,\\nWashington had concentrated his army at and above West Point,\\nwith headquarters at New Windsor, succeeding with the greatest", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "70 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\ndifficulty in forestalling the enemy, largely on account of the\\napathy with which Congress and the people together regarded the\\narmy at that time. Partly to inspire a greater public interest by\\nsome showy movement, Washington now organized a body of\\npicked men, styled the Corps of Light Infantry, and called to\\ntheir command Gen. Anthony Wayne, then at his home in Penn-\\nsylvania, knowing that his dashing character was precisely fitted\\nto the work intended for this quick-moving, hard-hittiug body of\\nmen. The corps and its impetuous commander, Mad Anthony,\\nas he was nick-named, were stationed at Fort Montgomery, and\\nordered to retake Stony Point if it could be done. The full\\naccount of the reconnoitering, in which Washington himself\\ntook part; of the slow, secret, and exceedingly careful prepara-\\ntion, and finally of the assault, forms one of the most romantic\\ntales in American history; and it is no wonder that many a myth-\\nical incident has become entangled into it, even in the writings of\\nIrving, Lossing, and Sparks. These excrescences have been\\ncleared away by the monograph of Dawson, which has been\\nfollowed in the ensuing sketch.\\nIn the afternoon of July 15th the attacking force gathered as\\nnear to Stony Point as was prudent, preserving the utmost secrecy\\nas to their movements. So excessively bad were the narrow\\nmountain roads that it was 8 p. m. before the little army of about\\n1,000 men reached Springsteel s farm, where it was farmed into\\ntwo solid columns, leaving the cavalry of Liaht-Horse Harry\\nLee and a body of infantry as supports. Each column was led\\nby a company of picked men, in front of which was a forlorn\\nhope of twenty volunteers with axes. When all was ready,\\norders were given, and for the first time the men understood\\nwhat was expected of them. Each soldier and officer placed in\\nhis hat a piece of white paper to distinguish him from the enemy in\\nthe melee that was to ensue; and it was ordered that no gun\\nshould be fired, but that the assault should be made wholly with\\nthe bayonet, and in silence: and the officers were ordered to put\\nto death, instantly, the first man who should attempt to load his\\nmusket or break from the ranks. The watchword given was\\nThe fort s our own, and each man was instructed to give it\\nwith a Repeated and Loud voice, when the Works are\\nforced and not before.\\nAs midnight drew near, the two columns advanced side by\\nside in perfect stillness. As they approached the marsh, behind\\nthe rocky fortress, the right column, with General Wayne at its\\nhead, turned toward the right and crossed the marsh, still flooded\\nwith some two feet of tide, in order to gain the beach on the", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "TAKRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 71\\nsouth side of the Point, while the other, under Butler and Mur-\\nfree, crossed the relics of the bridge to an attack of the north-\\nern and western front. These movements were (quickly discovered\\nby the pickets, and the garrison was aroused and fully ready for\\ndefense on all sides by the time Wayne had waded through the\\nmarsh and Butler had swerved around to the nortliern slope;\\nand, notwithstanding the noisy tiring wbich was inuuediately\\nbegun by Murfree s North Carolinians in front as a feint, tlie\\nassailants on both sides were received with a storm of bullets and\\ngrape-shot.\\nBy moving along the beach, Wayne s column easily turned\\nthe abatis, and was at first somewhat sheltered from the artillery,\\nbut the redcoats tilled every point of rocks on the slope, and\\npoured down a constant and well-directed fire of musketry and\\nbad language. Not a patriot faltered, however, and with fune-\\nreal silence and steadiness the column pressed upward without\\nfiring a nuisket. Turning the inner abatis, the front rnidvs were\\nwithin the enemy s lines, and Wayne stood by, spear in hand,\\nto direct the movement, when a nuisket-ball struck him on the\\nforehead and, glancing, grazed the skull.\\nStunned i)y the blow he instantly fell, but as quickly raised\\nhimself on one knee and shouted, Forward, my brave fellows;\\nforward! and turning to Captain Fishbourn and Mr. Archer, his\\naides, he requested their assistan(;e in moving into the works,\\nwhere, in case his wound should prove mortal, he desired to die.\\nThe troops desired no other incentive, and they dashed forward,\\nbayonet in hand, climbing \\\\\\\\w rocks from the beach to avenge\\nthe fall of their commander and to sustain tlu; honor of the flag.\\nThe advance of the right column, headed by its commander,\\nLieutenant-Colonel Fleuiy, led the charge, followed closely by the\\nregiment commanded by Colonel Febiger; and as the former oflicer\\nsprang up the rampart, and seized the colors of the post and the\\nhonors of the day, in broken terms, nearer French than English,\\nhe shouted the watchword, The forfs our own! Almost at the\\nsame instant the head of the left column of attack, led l)y liieu-\\ntenant-Colonel Stewart, and driving before it the portions of the\\ngarrison which had opposed its progress, also entered the works\\nfrom the opposite side. Further resistance would have been\\nmadness, and the enemy cried lustily for mercy.\\nNo time was lost in turning the guns of the cai)tured fortress\\nagainst the shipping in the offing, which cut their cables and\\nslipped out of range; and against Verplank s Point, which wisely\\nrefrained from wasting ammunition in replying. The attack\\nconsumed only about twenty minutes, and by 3 o clock a. m. the\\nentire garrison had been secured. About twenty were killed and\\nseventy-five wounded on each side (Wayne recovering from his\\nknockdow-n in a few moments), and twenty-five officers and about", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "72 TARKYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\n450 privates were captured, besides the wounded, while some\\nsixty escaped. Money rewards and medals were given to Wayne\\nand the leaders in the assault. The ordnance and stores capt-\\nured were appraised at over $180,000, and paid for by Congress in\\ncash, which was distributed among the troops engaged, and there\\nwas universal rejoicing and a revival of courage.\\nWashington was sensible, however, that in the face of the\\nimmediate dispatch of a large force from New York by Clinton,\\nStony Point could not be held, and he contented himself with\\ndestroying the place as well as he could quickly do, and taking\\naway the spoil, which was safely done with tlie exception of one\\nlarge cannon\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in spite of the guns of Verplank s Point. The\\nBritish soon came in force, landed at Haverstraw, resumed pos-\\nsession of and repaired Stony Point, but, failing to beguile Mr.\\nWashington into risking a disadvantageous battle, they soon\\nreturned to New York, leaving garrisons in these fortresses\\nstronger than ever. The expulsion of the marauding Tryon\\nfrom Connecticut by Putnam, and the brilliant capture of Pau-\\nlus Hook (Jersey City) by the Cavalier, Lee, which immediately\\nfollowed the Stony Point victory, aroused mightily the weakened\\nconfidence and zeal of the Continental army, and rekindled the\\nspirit of patriotism throughout the whole weary country. At\\nthe end of October, Sir Henry Clinton, alarmed for the safety of\\nNew York, withdrew many of his outlying troops, and both\\nStony and Verplank s points were evacuated by the redcoats\\nand again taken possession of by the rebels, who re-opened the\\nKing s Ferry. In 1783, Verplank s Point was made his tempo-\\nrary headquarters by Washington, when he went there with his\\narmy to meet the French allies returning from Virginia on their\\nway to embark at Boston for France, and the soldiers spent\\nSeptember and October in rest and merry-making. On the one-\\nhundredth anniversary of the capture of Stony Point, commem-\\norative exercises were held on the spot, and the battle was fought\\nover again; the cadet battalion from West Point participating.\\nThe light-house on the Point stands upon the site of the fort s\\nmagazine, and there is a railway station near it.\\nVerplank s Point is now covered with a scant village, farms,\\nand brick-yards. Behind it, on the south side, a great ice-house\\nwill be noticed at the extremity of what is called Green s Cove.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 73\\nThis is the lowest ice-house on the river, and one of the oldest,\\nand is filled from Lake Meahagh, which expands inland behind it.\\nAs the steamer rounds Verplank s Point, or the West Shore s\\ntrain leaves Tomkins Cove (where now an enormous amount of\\nlime is burned, and broken stone and gravel are sent to the city by\\nthe ship-load), and creeps along the base of The Dunderberg (the\\nmountain on the left), with The Sjntzenberg towering inland\\nbehind Verplank s, it is entering the Hudson Highlands. The\\nHill Country Wequehachke of the Mohicans\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ris^s in billows\\nof bush-clothed rock ahead, where the river seems to end in a\\ncul de sac; and at the right, a pretty town is half hiding in a\\nravine, half scrambling up the sides of green bluffs, where\\nseveral brooks come down into a quiet bay. This is\\nPeekskill. Whether or not it be true that Capt. Jans Peek,\\na Dutch navigator, got stuck in the mud here, soon after the\\nvoyage of Henry Hudson, and spent the remainder of his life in\\ncontentment by the faithless stream which he had mistaken for\\nthe main river, and which came to be called Peek s Kill in conse-\\nquence, certainly the record of the town goes far back toward\\nthe beginning of local history.\\nIn 1664, several Dutchmen bought land here at Sachoes as\\nthe place was called by the local band of Indians (Kitchawonks)\\nand it was royally confirmed in 1665, as Ryck s Patent. By 1764,\\nseveral English families had settled near here, and before the end\\nof the century the village was of importance, and had several\\nchurches. Peekskill was not itself the scene of any very striking\\nincidents of the Revolutionary War, but it was in the midst of the\\ntheater of almost constant campaigns. Fort Independence was\\njust above the village, as its ruins testify. Troops were quar-\\ntered here from time to time, and Washington often visited the\\ntown and Continental Village, a fortified camp a few miles north-\\neast. At one period, Gen. Israel Putnam was in command, and here\\nOld Put caught the spy, Palmer, and wrote that famous note\\nto a British officer, who interposed in his behalf: Edward\\nPalmer, an officer in the enemy s service, was taken as a spy,\\nlurking within our lines. He has been tried as a spy, condemned\\nas a spy, and shall be executed as a spy. Annexing, two hours\\nlater, that curt addendum, P. S. He is hanged. Here too,\\nin the old rural cemetery by the hospital-churcli (St. Peter s), is\\nburied John Paulding, the captor of Andre, to whom the city of\\nNew York has erected a monumental shaft. He died here in\\n1818, leaving several sons, one of whom, Admiral Paulding,\\nbecame distinguished as a naval ofticer.", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "74 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nPeekskill has grown steadily, and has remained the residence\\nof many families wliose branches became rich and famous else-\\nwhere; while it has attracted to it, as a summer home, many prom-\\ninent New Yorkers. The most widely known of these, no doubt,\\nare the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, whose farm, in which he took\\nthe greatest delight, was two miles east of the landing, and\\nChauncey M. Depew, president of the New York Central Rail-\\nroad, whose pillared house is 7iot shaded by magnificent chestnuts,\\nas one might expect to see from the great crop of stories which\\nthat genial humorist professes to have gathered in his native vil-\\nlage. That this should be a favorite place of summer residence\\nis not surprising. The situation, at the southern entrance to the\\nHighlands, is most pleasing and healthful; and the rivers and hills\\npresent ever-changing pictures that sometimes attain to grandeur\\nin their effects of sun and shade. The streets wander in all sorts\\nof directions up and down and around the hills, and are densely\\nshaded, while every house has spacious gardens, the smallest of\\nwhich are thriftily kept. The country roads are excellent, and\\ncharming drives may be taken in every direction,\\nGallows Hill, with its folk lore and revolutionary legends; its\\nrudely marked graves, wherein lies the dust of patriot dead; its\\nruins of the magazines destroyed by Tryon and his Tory crew,\\nthe dismantled ovens, and the Wayside Inn, in which Andre\\ntarried after his arrest, are less than three miles away. In the\\neast room of this old-time hostelry are yet shown the marks of his\\nmilitary boots, made as he restlessly paced up and down its nar-\\nrow limits. The tomb of Paulding, one of his captors, is just to\\nthe eastward, and St. Peter s Church, built in 1767, and in which\\nWashington once worshiped, stands but a few yards away, guard-\\ning the dust of Maj.-Gen. Setli Pomeroy, the first commander-\\nin-chief of the patriot army. The Indian spring from which the\\nMohicans drank, and which ebbs and flows with the tide, is on\\nthe north side of Gallows Hill, overlooking the site of Continental\\nVillage. Here are found the remains of the revolutionary bar-\\nracks. West of the Wayside Inn is the Van Cortlandt mansion,\\nbuilt by ex-Lieutenant-Governor Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, a\\ndistinguished patriot and statesman of colonial and revolution-\\nary days. Six miles to the south is the Van Cortlandt manor-\\nhouse, built by Stephanus Van Cortlandt in 1683.\\nThe social and educational advantages of the town are note-\\nworthy. Of the schools, the most widely known is the Peekskill\\nMilitary Academy, founded in 1838, and occupying the large\\nbuildings whose telescope-dome is visible from the river. It and\\nthe Worrall preparatory military school are under the con-", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 75\\ntrol of the regents of the State University. A large school\\nfor girls is St. Gabriel s, under the care of the Protestant Epis-\\ncopal Church. The conspicuous brick buildings next the river\\nare the convent, school, and chapel of the Roman Catholic Sister-\\nhood of St. Francis (third order), who conduct, in the Academy\\nof Our Lady of Angels, a large school for girls. These pious\\nwomen also have the care of an orphanage containing over 1,000\\nlittle waifs of humanity. The public schools also are ample\\nand well managed; one standing on the historic eminence, Drinn\\nHill, wherein, it has been wi itten, are stored the drum-beats of\\nthe Revolution, to be evoked by him who treads upon its sur-\\nface. The nucleus of a free library lias been established, and all\\nsorts of benevolent, educational, and fraternal societies exist.\\nPeekskill is strong commercially. The population now\\napproaches 10,000, but the village government is retained. The\\nleading industry is the making of stoves, in which $1,000,000 is\\n-invested and 1,000 persons are employed. This dates from 1835,\\nwhen the present great Union Stove Works were founded, followed\\nsince by seven or eight other establishments. The making of\\nbrick, tire-brick, and the machinery and apparatus used in brick-\\nmaking, form another extensive series of industries. In addi-\\ntion, this thriving village has several machine shops, two paper\\nmills, and a large number of lesser factories of various kinds,\\nincluding a yacht and boat building yard. The town has public\\nwater and a complete sewerage system; is lighted by gas and elec-\\ntricity; maintains uniformed police and fire departments, and free\\nmail delivery. Its public buildings are good, and the new Depew\\nOpera House is of the first class. There are two long-estab-\\nlished banks, four weekly newspapers, and an energetic board of\\ntrade. Peekskill is the terminal station of the suburban trains of\\nthe Hudson River Raih oad, which, with other trains, gives it\\nhourly communication with New York (forty three miles); is a\\ncalling-place for the steamer Emmeline, which runs daily\\nbetween Haverstraw and Newburgh; and has a daily New York\\nboat of its own in the Chrystenah. A ferry crosses the river to\\nJones Point (Caldwell Landing).\\nPeekskill lies mainly upon the southern bank of Peekskill Bay,\\nwhich receives three creeks the Peek s Kill, or Sachoes, and its\\ntwo branches, Annsville and Sprout creeks the Canopus, and a\\nthird. The railway crosses the bay through a fleet of anchored\\npleasure boats, and then curves around the base of a spur of the\\nHighlands called Manito Mount. At the head of this little bay,\\nwhere a level plateau, long known as Roa Hook, stands about\\neighty feet above the streams on each side, is the\\nState Camp of Instruction for the National Guard. Here,\\nduring the summer, each regiment is brought in turn to encamp", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "76 TARUYTOWN TO WEST TOINT.\\nand be drilled in the practical work of campaigning. Though\\nthe men live in tents in true soldier style, the grounds have been\\ncarefully arranged in respect to sewerage and sanitation, the\\nstreets of tents are lighted by electricity, a large mess-hall\\nforms an eating-house for the officers, a wharf offers a convenient\\nlanding-place for steamers, and a model battery affords object\\nlessons in artillery practice. Remembering that almost every\\npoint within view was fortified, and every vale a camping-ground,\\nin the war for our independence, no spot more appropriate, as\\nwell as delightful, for the purpose could have been chosen. A\\nferry communicates with Peekskill, and visitors are welcomed at\\nthe camp at all suitable hours.\\nThe Passage of the Hudson Highlands now begins. This\\nis regarded as the culmination of the journey in point of scenery,\\nbut is perhaps anticipated with too large expectations by most\\ntravelers. The railroads on each side skirt the water s edge\\nthrough the whole length of the gorge; now and then dodging\\nthrough a tunnel or behind a rocky wall, but, on the whole, giv-\\ning as good a view as one obtains from the boats; better, in some\\nrespects, for the mountains, when looked at from the water s\\nedge, appear taller than from the high decks of a day-liner.\\nOf the two railroads, that upon the eastern bank offers tbe more\\ninteresting outlook, since it commands a sight of all the old forts.\\nWest Point, and the Cro Nest group of hills; but the view from\\nthe western shore is also very interesting. None of these heights\\nmuch exceeds 1,500 feet, and this is attained only in Storm King, so\\nthat it is only by courtesy that they can be called mountains.\\nAll are merely huge hillocks of primitive rocks\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a part of the\\nArchaean framework of the continent covered with brush, from\\nwhich all the tall timber was long ago taken away, and the newer\\ntrees are cut as soon as they become of useful size. Fortunately,\\nhowever, this brush is close and green, for no fires have swept\\nthrough it for many years, and, to the casual glance, looks like\\nthe original forest. At several points, however, the cliffs have\\nbeen and continue to be cut away to supply crushed stone, leav-\\ning ugly scars, and marring the banks with unsightly buildings.\\nUpon none of these hills are there any signs of agriculture, for\\nthere is no cultivable soil, nor many residences, since their ledges\\nare too steep and inaccessible. All civilization, therefore, is near", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 77\\nthe water s edge, except upon the plateaus about Cranston s and\\nWest Point, and about Garrison s opposite, where it is masked\\nby trees, for the most part. In the moonlight, or upon a day when\\na storm is raging in these narrows, or with the twilight shadows\\ntilling the gorge, half hiding and half revealing the jutting rocks\\nand swelling hills, a majestic and picturesque interest of no mean\\ndegree belongs to the scene; but in the broad light of a clear sum-\\nmer noon, as most tourists see it, the passage of the Higlilands is\\nmonotonous, and far from the grand or sublime spectacle it\\nhas often been styled. These Highlands appear to best advantage,\\nundoubtedly, from a distance, as when approaching them from\\nthe south, or gazing backward from Newburgh.\\nThe passage of the Hudson, Willis once remarked, is\\ndoomed to be re-written, and we will not swell its great multi-\\ntude of describers. Amen! But another remark of Willis is\\nwell worth repetition in this connection:\\nThe qualities of the Hudson, says the genial author of Rund\\nLetters, are those most likely to impress a stranger. It chances\\nfelicitously that the traveler s first entrance beyond the sea-\\nboard is usually made by the steamer to Albany. The grand and\\nimposing outlines of rock and horizon answer to his anticipations\\nof the magnificence of a new world; and if he finds smaller rivers\\nand softer scenery beyond, it strik( s him but as a slighter linea-\\nment of a more enlarged design. To the great majority of tastes,\\nthis, too, is the scenery to live among. The stronger lines of\\nnatural beauty affect most tastes; and there are few who would\\nselect country residence by beauty at all, who would not sacrifice\\nsomething to their preference for the neighborhood of sublime\\nscenery. The quiet, the merely rural a thread of a rivulet\\ninstead of a broad river a small and secluded valley, rather\\nthan a wide extent of view, bounded by bold mountains, is the\\nchoice of but few. The Hudson, therefore, stands usually fore-\\nmost in men s aspirations for escape from the turmoil of cities,\\nbut, to my taste, though there are none more desirable to see,\\nthere are sweeter rivers to live upon.\\nBut apart from the question of scenery, the passage of the\\nHighlands is full of entertainment to every one interested in\\ncolonial history, or in the modern manifestations of summer\\npleasure-seeking.\\nHere at the southern entrance, where the foot of the Dunder-\\nberg is stretched out against the current, is Kidd s Point (with\\nits village and railway station, Jones Point, or Caldwell Land-", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "78 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\ning), where the grouud has been dug over and over in search of\\nthe renowned pirate s buried treasures.\\nOn the strength of a cannon fished from the M^ater, we are\\ntold, an audacious adventurer proclaimed that Kidd s pirate\\nvessel had foundered in a storm on this spot, with untold\\ntreasures on board, and that the vessel had been penetrated with\\na very long auger, which had brought up pieces of silver in its\\nthread. A stock company was formed; shares were readily sold;\\nand a coffer-dam, with powerful steam-engines, was built over\\nthe supposed resting-place of the ship.\\nThe fact that the rocks contain traces of silver, etc., has caused\\nmuch unprofitable prospecting in this region, occasionally revived.\\nThe Dunderberg (Thunder Mount) itself is a massive hill,\\n1,100 feet higb, along the base of which are small farms upon a\\nterrace that plainly marks an ancient river bank. A ferry runs\\nhourly between this place and Peekskill; and picnic parties often\\nascend to the summit, where an attractive view rewards them for\\na not very arduous climb. This summit has been bought by a\\ncorporation, which proposes to erect a hotel there, and to make a\\npleasure-park upon Jones Point, at the base, connecting the two\\nby a spiral gravity railway about thirteen miles long. It will be\\ninteresting to learn, when this is done, whether it dislodges the\\nmischievous and rollicking little goblins who were wont, in the\\ngood old times, to make merry upon the mountain, during the\\nstorms tbat the ancient sloop-captains suspected them of contriv-\\ning out of pure devilry.\\nOne time, the veritable Diedrich Knickerbocker assures us.\\na sloop, in passing by the Dunderberg, was overtaken by a\\nthunder-gust that came scouring round the mountain, and seemed\\nto burst just over the vessel. Though tight and well ballasted,\\nshe labored dreadfully, and the water came over the gunwale.\\nAll the crew were amazed, when it was discovered that there\\nwas a little white sugar-loaf hat on the mast-head, known at once\\nto be the hat of the Head of the Dunderberg. Nobody, however,\\ndared to climb to the mast-head and get rid of this terrible hat.\\nThe sloop continued laboring and rocking, as if she would have\\nrolled her mast overboard; and she seemed in continual danger\\neither of upsetting or of running on shore. In this way she\\ndrove quite through the Highlands, until she passed Pollopel s\\nIsland, where, it is said, the jurisdiction of the Dunderberg\\npotentate ceases. No sooner had she passed this bourn, than\\nthe little hat sprung up into the air like a top, whirled up all the\\nclouds into a vortex, and hurried them back to the summit of the", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "TARHYTOWN TO WEST TOINT. 79\\nDunderberg, while the sloop righted herself, and sailed on as\\nquietly as if in a mill-pond. Nothing saved her from utter\\nwreck but the fortunate circumstance of having a horseshoe\\nnailed against the mast a most wise precaution against evil\\nspirits, since adopted by all the Dutch captains that navigate this\\nhaunted river.\\nOur course turns almost at right angles around the protruding\\nfoot of the Dunderberg as we ascend the river, and we find our-\\nselves entering the narrowest and straightest of its reaches, called\\nThe Horse Race, or, more shortly, 21ie Race a treacherous place\\nfor sailing craft. The mountain on the immediate right is\\nManito, and beyond it is seen the profile of Anthony s Nose,\\npierced at the tip by a railway tunnel. On the left, an amphi-\\ntheater of foot-hills opens backward to the slope of Bear Ifoicnf\\n(1,350 feet high), north of which are the loftier slopes of Mount\\nRascal, Black Rock, and other summits in the rear of Cro Nest.\\nBetween tlie Dunderberg and Bear Mount, and across the hollow\\nat our left, winds the ancient road that Clinton followed in 77,\\nand along which Wayne s troops crept stealthily on that eventful\\nJune evening when they went to attack Stony Point; and Sinni-\\npink, one of the many ponds hidden in those hollows (Highland\\nLake of modern picnickers, careless of the old traditions), has\\nbeen Bloody Pond, or The Hessians Lake, to the country\\npeople ever since the Fort Montgomery fight.\\nTradition says that several of the hated mercenaries fell upon\\nits shores, and were thrown into its dark waters; and the older and\\nmore experienced among them, who have seen the vainglory of\\nscoffing youth brought to contrition again and again, relate that\\nstill upon overcast and gusty nights, such as come among those\\nmountains in midsummer, ghostly apparitions, in helmets and\\nvast riding-boots, may be seen flitting across the dark bosom of\\nthe pond and that there floats to the frightened ear the whisper-\\ning of commands in a strange tongue, and the rattle of ghostly\\nsabers and harness. This thrilling rehearsal of a sanguinary\\npast is more artistic fiction than most of the tales one hears, but it\\nis fiction nevertheless. Yet the truth is even more horrifying; for\\ninto that pond were thrown, after the capture of Fort Mont-\\ngomery, all the bodies of the American dead, unshrived and\\nforgotten.\\nDown by the riverside, here, is lona Island a grape farm and\\n7", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "so TAKRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\na resort for picnics, which come from the city in barges, or by\\nthe railroad that skirts its inland border where it is separated\\nfrom the m linland by a marshy inlet, called Doodletown Harbor\\nthe seaport of Doodletown, a city of the hills, a mile or two\\nabove this peaceful Piraeus.\\nAnthony s Nose, or St. Anthony s Nose, as it used to be\\nwritten sometimes, is the long ridge sloping down to the river on\\ntlie right, and causing the bend in the current at the top of the\\nHorse Race. The explanation of this extraordinary name for a\\nvery ordinary heap of rocks, some 1,228 feet high, has set every-\\nbody guessing. It was just the provocation needed by Irving,\\nwho accounts for it by one of his ridiculous Knickerbocker\\nstories. A more serious explanation is that given by Freeman\\nHunt as told him by Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, the owner of\\nthe mountain, in 1835, as follows:\\nBefore the Revolution, a vessel was passing up the river,\\nunder the commnnd of a Capt. Anthony Ilogans; when imme-\\ndiately opposite this mountain, the mate looked rather quizzically,\\nfirst at the mountain, and then at the captain s nose. The cap-\\ntain, by the way, had an enormous nose, which wms not unfre-\\nquently the subject of good-natured remark, and he at once\\nunderstood the allusion. What! says the captain, does that\\nlook like my nose? Call it then, if you please, Anthony s Nose.\\nAnthony s Nose may be reached, on land, by a road which\\nbranches off to the left somewhat over a mile beyond Annsville,\\non the road from Peekskill to Garrisons. Excavations have been\\nmade for the piers of a railway bridge there, but the work long\\nago ceased.\\nMontgomery Creek is the modern name of the pretty stream\\nin old times called Poplopen s Kill after an influential Indian\\nwho dwelt in its valley the mouth of which is in the ravine\\ndirectly opposite Anthony s Nose. Down this deep and narrow\\nravine come the waters of a large circle of highland brooks and\\nponds, tumbling in pretty cascades. On the elevated headlands\\nthat confront one another and the river at the mouth of this\\nravine, there were erected, early in the Revolutionary War, two\\nforts, Montgomery, on the northern side, and Clinton, a less impor-\\ntant outwork, on the southern bluff. Their guns would sweep\\nthe^ river in both directions, and the greatest reliance was placed", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 81\\nupon their ability to resist assault, and guard agai-nst any further\\nascent of the Hudson by British ships. How well they answered\\nthese expectations, in 1777, may be read in any history. The\\nensuing notes closely follow the narrative in Lossing s Life and\\nTimes of PhiliiJ Schuyler:\\nTHE FALL OF THE HIGHLAND FORTS.\\nIn September, 1777, Gen. Burgoyne, with an army of British\\nregulars and Hessian and Canadian auxiliaries, was attempting\\nto carry out the instructions of the British ministry, who wished\\nhim to open communication along the Hudson between the English\\nforces in Quebec and those in New York, and thereby cut the\\nUnited States in two. As Mr. Ruttenber remarks, it was Sher-\\nman s march to the sea, without Sherman s success. He had\\nbeen checked and invested by Schuyler and Gates near Saratoga,\\nand wrote to Sir Henry Clinton in New York that he must be\\nrelieved by October 12th if he were to be saved. Clinton, who\\nhad been waiting for slow reinforcements from England, made all\\nhaste, as soon as these arrived, to go to Burgoyne s relief, and\\nlate in September his war ships and flatboats, carrying and con-\\nveying from 3,000 to 4,000 men, started up the Hudson,\\nThe American forces of this district, not exceeding 3,000 men,\\nwere commanded by Gen. Putnam at Peekskill, while Gen. George\\nClinton, Governor of the State, was in special charge of Fort\\nMontgomery, with his brother James as commander of Fort\\nClinton. Putnam sent a statement of the threatening attitude of\\nthe enemy to Gov. Clinton, then presiding over the first session\\nof the first State Legislature, at Kingston, and begged reinforce-\\nments, but none were to be had.\\nThe defenses of the Hudson were concentrated here where the\\nriver was narrow and curved, and the rough hills formed a nat-\\nural protection to the flanks of the position. Besides these two\\nforts, Fort Independence stood on the shoulder of Mount Manito,\\njust above Peekskill; and the navigation of the river was\\nobstructed by a boom and chain stretched from Anthony s Nose\\nto the point of rocks just below the present iron railroad\\nbridge at the foot of the crag upon which Fort Clinton stood,\\nand the place is still known as Chain Point. A railway sus-\\npension bridge has been planned to span the river precisely at this\\nplace, and an excavation for its pier has already been cut on\\nAnthony s Nose, but work has ceased. A part of this Fort\\n7", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "82 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nMontgomery chain was brought from Lake Champlain, where\\nSchuyler had made it serve a similar purpose in 1775; and there\\nwere moored above it some gunboats, intended to prevent an\\nenemy from reaching it in boats to cut a passage through.\\nThe strength of these defenses determined Clinton to avoid a\\ndirect attack, and attempt their downfall by stratagem. Landing\\nat Verplank s Point, then unguarded, he impressed the rather heed-\\nless Putnam with the belief that the first objects of his attack were\\nPeekskill and Fort Independence. Putnam drew reinforcements\\nfrom the forts that could ill spare them, and took up a defensive\\nposition in the hills; but instead of assailing him, the British com-\\nmander suddenly recrossed, with 2,000 men, at the King s Ferry,\\nin a dense fog on the morning of October 6th, leaving about 1,000,\\nchiefly loyalists, at Verplank s Point to keep up the aspect of\\nmenace toward Peekskill. At the same time, the war vessels\\nwere ordered to anchor off Fort Independence, within cannon\\nshot of the Highland forts, and to fire upon them and upon the\\nvessels above the chain.\\nPiloted by a Tory, Sir Henry made a forced circuitous march\\nfrom Stony Point around the southern and western bases of the\\nDunderberg, through rugged defiles, for several miles, and at 8\\no clock, in the pass between that height and Bear Mount, his\\nforce was separated into two parties, iu each of which were many\\nHessian hirelings. One division, composed of 400 loyalists under\\nCol. Beverly Robinson, and 500 British regulars and Hessians,\\nwas led by Lieut. -Col. Campbell, and directed to go around\\nBear Mount, and fall upon Fort Montgomery; whi .e the other\\ndivision, destined for Fort Clinton, and full 1,200 in number,\\nwas led by Gen. Vaughan, accompanied by Sir Henry. Ex-\\nGo v. Tryon was left in the valley with a rear-guard.\\nMeanwhile Gov. Cliuton, avIio, on Sunday evening, was\\ninformed of the landing of troops at Verplank s Point, and who\\nhad brought to Fort Montgomery 400 recruits, had sent out a\\nreconnoitering party at dawn on Monday morning. Three miles\\nsouth of the fort, this party fell in with the British advance guard,\\nand made a sharp, running fight as it retreated to the breastworks,\\nand reported the approach of the enemy, whose advance was con-\\ntested all the way from the Dunderberg. Gov. Clinton then sent\\na messenger to Putnam for aid. The man turned traitor and\\ndeserted to the British. Putnam, in the meantime, was astonished\\nat hearing nothing from the enemy, who, he supposed, was about\\nto attack him at Peekskill. He went out to reconnoiter in the\\nafternoon, and did not return until firing was heard in the direc-\\ntion of the forts, and when, at the instance of riol. Humphreys,", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 83\\nreinforcements had been sent though too late\u00e2\u0080\u0094 from the camp at\\nContinental Village near Peekskill,\\nSuch is the account which Lossing gives; but the published\\ndiary of one of Clinton s officers says that he himself, on the\\nsecond night before the attack, personally informed Putnam of\\nthe position of affairs, and was refused attention; and that he\\nreturned, and took part in the whole fight, and was among the\\nprisoners. He declared that he found Putnam at Beverly,\\nwhere the young Ladys and the mother, the night Before the\\nFort was Taken, Entertained Gen. Putnam with that Pleasing\\natention that he forgot what he had been informed of the night\\nbefore, by myself. As the husband and father of these ladies\\nwas in the attacking party, it is fair to surmise that they knew\\nwhat was going on, and were exercising Ihiir fascinations for the\\nexpress purpose of distracting the attention of the American\\nofficer from his duties of defense.\\nWhile Campbell was making his way around Bear Mount,\\nVaughan and Sir Henry pressed toward their goal, along a way\\nnear the river. At a narrow pass, between Lake Sinnipiuk and\\nthe steep bank of the Hudson, they encountered an abatis, and\\nthere they had a severe fight with the Americans. These were\\npushed back, and, at about 4 o clock in the afternoon, both posts\\nwere invested. At 5, a demand for the surrender of Fort\\nClinton\u00e2\u0080\u0094 which was scarcely more than an outwork was sent in,\\nand scornfully refused, whereupon a simultaneous assault upon\\nboth fortresses was made by the troops, and by the vessels-of-war\\nin the river. Lossing proceeds:\\nThe garrisons were composed mostly of untrained militia.\\nThey behaved nobly, and kept up the defense vigorously,\\nagainst a greatly superior force of disciplined and veteran sol-\\ndiers, until twilight, when they were overpowered, and sought\\nsafety in a scattered retreat to the neighboring mountains. JMany\\nescaped, but a considerable number were slain or made prisoners.\\nThe brothers who commanded the forts escaped. The Governor\\nfled across the river in a boat, and at midnight was with Gen.\\nPutnam at Continental Village, concerting measures for stopping\\nthe invasion. James, forcing his way to the rear, across the high-\\nway bridge, and receiving a bayonet wound in the thigh, safely\\nreached his home at New Windsor. A sloop of ten guns, the\\nfrigate Montgomery twenty four guns and two row -galleys, sta-\\ntioned near the boom and chain for their protection, slipped their", "height": "3074", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "84 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\ncables and attempted to escape, but there was no wicd to fill their\\nsails, and they were burned by the Americans to prevent their\\nfalling into the hands of the enemy. The frigate Congress\\ntwenty-eight guns which had already gone up the river, shared\\nthe same fate on the flats near Fort Constitution, which was\\nabandoned. [Both frigates were built Jit or near Poughkeepsie,\\nand never went to sea.] By the light of the burning vessels, the\\nfugitive garrisons made their way over the rugged mountains,\\nand a large portion of them joined Gen. Clinton at New\\nWindsor the next day. They had left many of their brave\\ncompanions behind, who, to the number of 250, had been slain\\nor made prisoners. The British, too, had parted with many men\\nand brave officers. Among the latter was Lieut. -Col. Campbell.\\n[Sir Henry himself narrowly escaped a grape-shot.]\\nEarly in the morning of the 7th of October, the river obstruc-\\ntions between Fort Montgomery and Anthony s Nose, which cost\\nthe Americans $250,000, were destroyed, and a light flying squad-\\nron, commanded by Sir James Wallace, and benring a large num-\\nber of land troops under Gen, Vaughan, sailed up the river on a\\nmarauding expedition, with instructions from Sir Henry to scatter\\ndesolation in their paths. It was hoped that such an expedition\\nwould draw troops from the Northern army [Gates for the\\nprotection of the country below, and thereby assist Burgoyne.\\nFrom all this, however, Burgoyne received no advantage,\\nmainly owing to one of those miscarriages of plans which seem\\nto have been constantly happening in that war, where English\\nspies and couriers were always coming to grief. On the morning\\nof the 9th, when Gen. Clinton was leaving New Windsor with\\nthe little force he could hastily gather, in an attempt to keep pace\\nwith the British squadron on that side of the river, and resist their\\nlandings, while Putnam, who had abandoned Peekskill, endeav-\\nored to protect the people of the eastern shore on this morning, two\\nstrangers blundered headlong into the camp from the south, and\\nfailed to discover that they were among the soldiers of the Amer-\\nican instead of the English Clinton because these were clothed\\nin captured British uniforms not yet dyed until carried to the\\ngovernor s quarters. Then one of them hastily swallowed some-\\nthing, whereupon an emetic was administered and a silver bullet\\nwas thrown up. He swallowed it again, but under a threat of\\nbeing immediately hanged and opened, was made to take a second\\nemetic with the same result. The bullet, yet preserved in Albany,\\nwas an elliptical shell, joined together in the middle, containing\\nnoihing more than an announcement of the victory, and noth-", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "._J", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 85\\ning between us and Gates but its failure to reach Burgoyne\\ndeprived him of hope, and led to his surrender only a few days\\nlater (October 13th). Nevertheless, Clinton s capture of the High-\\nlands was of indirect service to him, for when Gates heard of it,\\nand of the depredations of the men and ships ascending the Hud-\\nson, he felt inclined to grant to Burgoyne easier terms than were\\nat first proposed, and hasten southward to drive back the invaders.\\nForts Montgomery and Clinton may still be traced, though\\nreduced by a century of weathering, and overgrown with trees and\\nbrush. The former is easily accessible by a path which leads up\\nfrom the railroad track at the little tool house a hundred yards\\nbelow the station Fort Montgomery, which is the station for a\\nfarming and summering village, of the same name, on the turn-\\npike. The latter may be reached by an exceedingly pleasant\\nwalk of a mile from Fort Montgomery Village.\\nAs the steamer swings around Anthony s Nose, and enters\\nCrescent Beach, masses of mountains loom up ahead the true\\nHighlands, On the left, the heights of Cranston s marked by\\nits two great hotels and of West Point, crowned by the ruins\\nof Fort Putnam, fall steeply down to the river, whose bank there\\nis a line of rugged precipices, beneath which the railroad runs\\nalong the beach and on beyond are seen the summits of Cro Nest.\\nOn the right, the conical, detached elevation of Sugar Loaf is\\nprominent near at hand, while in the distance are the clustered\\nheights of Bull Hill (Mount Taurus), The Turk s Face\\n(Breakneck), and South Beacon Hill. The land on the right is\\nin Putnam County, which succeeds Westchester County at\\nAnthony s Nose; and that on the left is in Orange County, which\\nbegins at Fort Montgomery, where Rockland County terminates,\\nand Monroe County corners between them at the mouth of\\nMontgomery Creek.\\nAlong the elevated highway, on the western side, which,\\nthough not far away, is quite out of sight from the river, dwell\\nmany persons of note, whose estates come to the brink of the\\nbluff. Near Fort Montgomery lives John S. Gilbert; then the\\nPells; and a little farther, just opposite Sugar Loaf, J. Pierpont\\nMorgan, the merchant philanthropist. Farther up this beautiful\\nroad are the elegant places of Alfred Pell, Charles Tracey, Capt.\\nS. B. Roe, on the Satterlee estate, the Benny Havens cottage,\\nand John Bigelow, at The Squirrels. Here the line of crags is", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "86 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nbroken by a ravine, where, in times of freshet, a stream leaps\\nover a ledge in the pretty cataract, long ago named Buttermilk\\nFalls; and on the plateau at the head of this ravine is the village\\nof Eigldand Falls, which is not only a market town and place of\\nshipment for dairy products and fruit in large quantities, but a\\nresort for summer boarders. At the mouth of the ravine is a\\nsteamboat-landing, touched at by several lines of boats, and the\\nrailway station Cranston s. It is a busy spot in summer. The\\nParry House is a flourishing hotel on the hillside, south of the\\nravine; while on the northern bluff, overlooking the river, and\\nconspicuous from steamboats or the Hudson River Railroad trains,\\nis Cranston s Hotel, one of the oldest hotels in the valley. In\\nsummer Cranston s, as the whole locality is familiarly styled,\\nis a very lively, populous, and fashionable place, and a ferry is\\noperated between tlie landing and Garrison s. The day-line\\nboats, however, stop only at West Point, where stages from\\nHighland Falls meet the boat and trains.\\nThe Eastern Shore, here, is comparatively low, and the\\nHudson River Railroad had no serious difficulties to encounter.\\nThere, too, the ancient highway is near the river, and along it\\nare many fine residences. The first of these, noticeable, is that of\\nF. A. Livingston, on the southern side of a little cove. The\\nupper side of this cove is formed by a small rocky headland,\\nwhere a small wharf and some stone buildings are visible. This\\nis Beverly Dock, where Benedict Arnold embarked in his barge\\nto flee to the Vulture, on the morning of Andre s arrest; and\\nwhence Washington and his staff took a boat for West Point a few\\nmoments later. And Beverly, the mansion and farm of Col.\\nBeverly Robinson, was a quarter of a mile back, upon the fertile\\nterrace at the foot of Sugar Loaf. The locality still bears that\\nname, but the house was burned in the spring of 1892. It was a\\nquaint old-time mansion, and visitors used to be shown, in the\\nprincipal bedchamber, the names of many officers of the Con-\\ntinental army, carved on the mantel- piece by them as from time\\nto time they spent one or more nights there. Just above is the\\nresidence of Mrs. Underhill; and near by, at Glencliffe, in a\\nbrick house on this bluff, dwelt Hamilton Fish, Sr.\\nIt now appears that Sugar Loaf is the southernmost of a range\\nof connected hills parallel with the river, and with the greater", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "TARBYTOWN TO WRST POINT. 87\\nheights eastward; and the eye will be attracted to a lofty white\\nbuilding perched upon the very summit of the hill, next north-\\nward. This is the tomb of the late Wm. H. Osborne, and the\\nprospect from the tower embraces the whole extent of the High-\\nlands. On the northern slope of the same hill, much lower down,\\nis the new house of a son, also made of white limestone quarried\\non the property. A little way beyond, and not seen from the\\nriver, is the spacious estate of Samuel Sloan, president of the\\nDelaware Lackawanna Railroad Co. The hill behind\\nhim is named Redoubt Mountain, and is crowned by Mr. Sloan s\\nskeleton tower, which gives a view of great breadth and beauty.\\nStill farther north, on the same high ground, is the old and\\nfavorite Highland Hotel (stages meet the train at Garrison s\\nstation); Cedar Crest, the residence of J. M. Toucey, general\\nmanager of the New York Central Railroad; and the home of the\\nRev. Walter Thompson, rector of St. Phillips-in-the-Highlands.\\nNearer the river, and in sight of passengers on steamboats, is a\\nline of costly properties. The first above the estate of the late\\nSecretary of State Hamilton Fish, upon a point directly opposite\\nCranston s Hotel, is Arden, the estate of Col. T. B. Arden,\\nabove which is that of H. W. Belcher, still the residence of his\\nwidow; then comes the home of Hamilton Fish, Jr., marked by\\nits huge red chimneys; then the home of Mrs. Col. S. M. Ben-\\njamin. The yellow and white house just above the station is that\\nof W. Livingston; upon the bank of the cove beyond lives John\\nT, Sherman; and beyond that is seen the Gouverneur estate,\\nnow occupied by Gen. Louis Fitzgerald.\\nThis collection of costly and splendid country-seats, including\\nmany not mentioned, because not conspicuous, constitutes a dis-\\ntrict termed Garrison s. It has a railway station that is impor-\\ntant to the general public, mainly the station for the Highland and\\nCroft hotels, and for the Ferry to West Point (fare 15 cents).\\nThe locality, then known as Mandivefs, saw much marching and\\ncamping of troops, and contains the remains of batteries, but\\nexperienced no fighting.\\nThe traveler has now arrived under the shadow of the bold\\npromontory of primitive rock, flanked by shaggy cliffs, and com-\\nmanded by wooded heights in the rear, which constitutes West\\nPoint, and bears upon its plateau the United States Military\\nAcademy.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nTHE TOUR OF WEST POINT.\\nWest Point is probably the most interesting stopping-place\\nupon the Hudson for the casual traveler; and every one is strongly\\nadvised to arrange his journey so as to spend a few hours there.\\nIt is possible to reach or leave the place almost hourly by boat or\\none or the other of the railways; and a hotel exists, where a longer\\nhalt may be made in comfort when the house is not crowded. A\\nfavorite plan is to go up from New York on a morning boat,\\nspend three or four hours at the Post, and return by the after-\\nnoon boat down. Midday, however, is the least favorable time,\\nas the drills, parade, and other picturesque incidents take place\\nmainly toward sunset. Twenty-four hours can be pleasantly\\nand profitably spent here.\\nFrom the steamboat landing roads diverge right and left up\\nthe hill; that to the left goes to Cranston s; that to the right to the\\nMilitary Academy. An omnibus and carriages meet all trains\\nand boats; and if jom have baggage and are going to the hotel, it\\nis advisable to ride; otherwise, the distance up the hill is none too\\ngreat to be walked.*\\nAt the top of the first slope, leave the road, and take the foot-\\npath slanting upward toward the right.\\nThe Riding Hall is here seen on the right, at the brink of the\\nbluff a brick building with an arched roof, completed in 1855,\\nwhen Gen. (then Colonel) Robert E. Lee was superintendent. f It is\\nfloored with tan-bark, and here the cadets are taught horseman-\\nship and cavalry exercises. This is the most interesting of all the\\ndrills. Outside stairways admit spectators to galleries; but these\\nare small and uncomfortable.\\nJust beyond it are the stables, with quarters for 100 horses.\\nThese and all equipments pertaining to this arm of the service\\nare cared for by the detachment of regular cavalry stationed\\nhere.\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6The fixed, tariff of charges is as follows: Each passenger to or from\\nwharf or railroad station, 25 cents each trunk or box, in baggage wagon, 25\\ncents. Two-horse carriage, first hour, $2; after the first hour, $1.50; late at\\nnight, $2 per hour. Those residing or on duty at the Post pay at a reduced\\nrate.\\nt Nowhere was the defection of Col. Lee to the support of his State, in\\n1861, more keenly and sadly felt than at West Point, where he had been\\nadmired and loved for every soldierly and manly attribute. It is pertinent\\nto note here, that out of 278 cadets in the Academy at the time of the\\nattempted secession of the Southern States, 86 of whom were from that\\nregion, only 56 were discharged, dismissed, or resigned to go into the\\nRebeUion.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "REFERENCE.\\n1. Artillery Barracks.\\n2. Band Barracks.\\n3. Cavalry Barracks.\\n4. Cavalry Stables.\\n5. Cadet Guard House.\\n6. Chapel.\\n7. Commissary of Cadets.\\n8. Engiueer Barracks.\\n9. Ferry House.\\n10. Hotel.\\n11. Lalxiratorv.\\n12. New Hospit:\\n13. Ollicers (Quarters.\\n14. Onlnaiicc Inst. House.\\n15. rosttitiard House.\\nK). Post Ofliee.\\nPost Sutlei s Store.\\nIS. Powder Ma-azine.\\nSchool OHieers Children.\\n20. School Soldiers Children.\\n21. Soldiers Hospital.\\n22. Soldiers (Quarters.\\n23. So. (;ate(;iiard House.\\n24. Water House.\\n25. Cullom Memorial Hall.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 89\\nThe path brings the visitor out upon the main street of the\\nPost, which here skirts the edge of the plateau. At his left,\\nfacing the river, is Orant Hall, or the Mess Hall, as it is more\\nfamiliarly known.\\nThis building may be visited between meal hours by those\\nwho wish to see the collection of fine portraits which adorns its\\nwalls. The list is now as follows: 1. Ma j. -Gen. John F, Rey-\\nnolds. 2. Maj.-Gen. John Sedgwick. 8. Col. J. J. Abert. 4.\\nMaj.-Gen. John M. Schofield. 5. Gen. U. S. Grant. 6. Gen.\\nWilliam T. Sherman. 7. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. 8. Maj.-Gen.\\nE. O. C. Ord. 9. Brig.-Gen. Wesley Merritt. 10. Capt. Brad-\\nford R. Alden. 11. Brvt. Maj.-Gen. G. K. Warren. 13. Brvt.\\nMaj.-Gen. Thomas Swords. 13. Maj.-Gen. George Meade. 14.\\nBrvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O. Tyler. 15. Col. J. Gilchrist Benton. 16.\\nMaj.-Gen. J. B. Ricketls. 17. Maj.-Gen. George B. McClellan.\\n18. Maj.-Gen. C. F. Smith. 19. Brvt. Maj.-Gen. Stewart Van\\nVleit. 20. Brvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J. Rodman 21. Maj.-Gen. H.\\nW. Halleck. 22. Brvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W. Cullum. 23. Brig.-\\nGen. Robert Anderson. 24. Maj.-Gen. H. W. Slocum. 25. Col.\\nJ. M. Wilson. 26. Brig.-Gen. Daniel Tyler. 27. Brig.-Gen.\\nGeo. Stonemau.\\nBeyond Grant Hall is the Hospital. Immediately in front of\\nthe observer, the new Academic Building, which was finished for\\nuse in 1895; and at his right is the Administration Building, or\\nPost headquarters, on the east side of the street. It is not open\\nto visitors in general, but makes appropriate a few words here\\nas to the organization and status of the school.\\nThe United States Military Academy dates from the close\\nof the Revolution. It was natural that a nation, welded, as the\\nAmerican had been, in the slow fires of a long war, and keeping its\\nmilitary chiefs in the highest civil oflices. should think of future\\nwars, and the education of young men to soldierly duties. Wash-\\nington, Knox, and others urged the organization of a National\\nAcademy where regular instruction in the art of war should be\\ngiven; and in 1794 Congress authorized a corps of artillerists and\\nengineers which should be kept stationed at West Point, and under\\nconstant training; and enjoined the attachment to it of thirty-two\\nstudents, or cadets. In 1798, this corps was enlarged; special\\ninstructors in the arts and sciences were appointed, and cadet\\nbecame a definite rank between that of sergeant and ensign (now\\nsecond lieutenant). The cadets are thus regularly members of\\nthe army, and subject to its laws the same as other commissioned\\nofficers. Formerly, they were enlisted for five years, but now\\nfor eight; and the United States claims their services for four\\nyears after graduation, though the Government is not in duty\\nbound to find a commission in the army for every graduate.\\nStep by step, the school was segregated and enlarged, until in", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "90 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\n1812 it was opened to 260 students, and assumed somewhat ol its\\npresent form. The first superintendent was Gen, Jonathan\\nWilliams, and one of his rofessors was F. R. Hassler, wlio after-\\nward became distinguislied in the Coast Survey. Otliers succeeded\\nhim, until 1817, when 0(d, Sylvanus Thayer, now revered as the\\nFather of the Academy, took command, and brought the\\nschool into a far higher condition than it had previously known.\\nIt was he who introduced the present uniform, organization, rules\\nof study, reports, etc., substantially in vogue to-day, and to\\nwhich the Academj- owes its discipline and effectiveness, lie\\nremained until 1888, when he resigned, and was followed by other\\nofficers in more rapid succession, until now ihe rule obtains that\\nthe superintendent and officers detailed to the Post or school\\nshall not, as a rule, serve more than four years. The professors,\\nhowever, each of whom has charge of an educational dejjartment,\\nare appointed for life, or as long as they continue to give satis-\\nfaction; and have the assimilated rank of lieutenant-colonel, or\\ncolonel, after a service of ten years, and are subject to retirement.\\nThey are thus army officers, in effect, and their as-sistants are\\nwholly derived from the service. Thus the military idea is\\ndiffused throughout tbe whole course of training, which is\\nmainly scientific and practical; too much so, in the opinion of\\nsome modern critics, who insist that the literary side of the edu-\\ncation is too little regarded.\\nWest Point, however, is not only a school, but a regular army\\npost\u00e2\u0080\u0094 perhaps the oldest in the United States, as such; and the\\nsuj)erintendent is commander of the whole Post, including the\\nAcademy, and having in his staff the usual adjutant, quarter-\\nmaster, etc., as at any army station. Next in rank to him is the\\ncommandant of cadets, who is commander of the Cadet Battalion.\\nThis battalion is divided into four infantry companies, each\\ncommanded by a regular officer of the army, detailed for the\\npurpose, and officered under him by cadets from the upper\\nclasses, who are appointed for general excellence in military\\ndeportment and studies, and accept the distinction as an honor.\\nThere is also a cadet adjutant, who is the highest cadet officer in\\nrank except the four captains. It will please the readers of Capt.\\nCharles King s delightful novels of military life to learn that\\nduring his cadetship he was promoted through various giades\\nto this adjutancy, and was twice afterward returned to the\\nAcademy as an instructor. While on duty, every point of mili-\\ntary etiquette is observed by the students toward their cadet\\nofficers, but otherwise no distinction whatever is made between\\nthese and their fellows. The cadet officers are marked by chev-\\nrons of gold lace on their dress-coats, and of black braid on their\\neveryday blouses. The awkward squads of each new class\\nare drilled by these cadet officers, and after a month of it are\\nscattered through the battalion, whose companies are organized\\nregardless of class distinctions.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 91\\nThe Staff of the Military Academy consisted of the follow-\\ning officers on April 1. 1898.\\nSuperintendent.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Col. O. H. Ernst, Lieut. -Col., Corps of\\nEngineers.\\nMilitary Staff.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Capt. Wilber E. Wilder, Fourth Cavalry,\\nAdjutant of the Military Academy, Post Adjutant and Recruiting\\nOfficer, Commanding Band and Detachment of Field Music.\\nMajor William F. Spurgin, Twenty-third Infantry, Treasurer of\\nthe Military Academy, and Quartermaster and Commissary of\\nCadets. Capt. JohnB. Bellinger, Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. A.,\\nQuartermaster of the Military Academy, Post Quartermaster,\\nand Disbursing Officer. Second Lieut. Harold P. Howard, Sixth\\nCavalry, Commissary, and Post Treasurer in charge of Post\\nExchange. First Lieut. William Weigel, Eleventh Infantry,\\nAssistant to Post Quartermaster, and Officer of Police. Major\\nGeo H. Torney, Surgeon U. S A., Post Surgeon. Capt. William\\nL. Kneedler, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. Capt. Francis A.\\nWinter, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. Rev. (Capt. Herbert Ship-\\nman, Chaplain.\\nAcademic Staff. Department of Natural and Experimental\\nPhilosophy. {Col.) Peter S. Michie, Professor (14th February,\\n1871). Capt. William B. Gordon, Ordnance Department, Assist-\\nant Professor. First Lieut. Henry C. Davis, Third Artillery;\\nSecond Lieut. Joseph T. Crabbs, Eighth Cavalry, Instructors\\nSecond Lieut. Harold P. Howard, Sixth Cavalry, in charge of\\nObservatory and Astronomical Calculations.\\nDepartment of Draining. (Col.) Charles W. Earned, Professor\\n(25th July, 1876). Second Lieut. Horace M. Reeve, Third\\nInfantry, Assistant Professor. Second Lieut. Walter C. Babcock,\\nEighth Cavalry; Second Lieut. Charles H. Paine, Thirteenth\\nInfantry; Second Lieut. Jens Bugge, Third Infantry, Instructors.\\nDepartment of Mathematics. (Col.) Edgar W. Bass, Professor\\n(17th April, 1878). (Capt.) Wright P. Edgerton, Associate Profes-\\nsor (1st July, 1893). First Lieut. Charles P. Echols, Corps of\\nEngineers, Assistant Professor. Second Lieut. George Blakely,\\nSecond Artillery; Second Lieut. William M. Cruikshank. First\\nArtillery; Second Lieut. D.M.King, Fourth Artillery; Second Lieut.\\nWilliam P. Pence, Fifth Artillery; Second Lieut. Charles W. Castle,\\nSixteenth Infantry; Second Lieut. ThalesL. Ames, Third Artillery;\\nSecond Lieut. Joseph Wheeler, Jr., Fourth Artillery, Instructors.\\nDepartment of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Oeology.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (Col.)\\nSamuel E. Tillman, Professor (21st December, 1880). First Lieut.\\nEdgar Russel, Fifth Artillery, Assistant Professor. First Lieut.\\nGeorge F. Landers, Fourth Artillery; Second Lieut. Palmer\\nE. Pierce, Sixth Infantry; Second Lieut. William R. Smith, First\\nArtillery, Instructors.\\n8", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "ya TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nDepartment of Tactics. Lieut. Col. Otto L. Hein, Captain\\nFirst Cavaliy. Commandant of Cadets and Instructor of Tac-\\ntics (15th June, 1897). Capt. James Parker, Fourtli Cavalry,\\nSenior Instructor of Cavalry Tactics. First Lieut. Granger\\nAdams, Fifth Artillery, Senior Instructor of Artillery Tactics.\\nFirst Lieut. John H. Beacom, Third Infantry, Senior Instructor\\nof Infantry Tactics, Commanding Company of Cadets. First\\nLieut. John J. Pershing, Tenth Cavalry, Assistant Instructor of\\nTactics, Commanding Company of Cadets. First Lieut. Samson\\nL. Faison, First Infantry, Assistant Instructor of Tactics, Com-\\nmanding Company of Cadets. Second Lieut. Julian R. Lindsey,\\nNinth Cavalry, Assistant Instructor of Cavalry Tactics. First\\nLieut. Jay E. Hoffer, Third Artillery, Assistant Instructor of\\nTactics, Commanding Company of Cadets.\\nBepartment of Modern Languages. (Lieut. Col.) Ed. E. Wood,\\nProfessor (1st October, 1892). First Lieut. Charles H. Hunter,\\nFirst Artillery, Assistant Professor of the Spanish Language.\\nFirst Lieut. Peter E. Traub, First Cavalry, Assistant Professor of\\nthe French Language. Second Lieut. Samuel C. Hazzard, First\\nArtillery; Second Lieut. William R. Smcdberg, Jr.. Fourth Cav-\\nalry; Second Lieut. Edward B. Cassatt. Fourth Cavalry; Second\\nLieut. James M. Williams, First Artillery; Second Lieut. F. Le J.\\nParker, Fifth Cavalry, Instructors.\\nDepartment of Laic. (Lieut. Col.) George B. Davis, Deputy\\nJudge Advocate General. U. S. A., Professor (20th August, 1895).\\nFirst Lieut. Walter A. Bethel, Third Artillery. Assistant Professor.\\nSecond Lieut. Frank G. Mauldin, Third Artillery; Second Lieut,\\nMatthew C. Smith, Second Cavalry Second Lieut. Samuel Hof,\\nSixth Cavalry, Instructors.\\nDepartment of Civil and Military Engineering. (Col.) Gus-\\ntav J. Fiebeger, Professor. First Lieut. Thomas H. Rees, Corps\\nof Engineers, Assistant Professor. First Lieut. Chester Harding,\\nCorps of Engineers; First Lieut. F. R. Shunk, Corps of Engi-\\nneers, Instructors.\\nDepartment of Practical Military Engineering. Capt. James\\nL. Lusk, Corps of Engineers, Instructor (31st March, 1893). First\\nLieut. E. Eveleth Winslow, Corps of Engineers, Asst. Instructor.\\nDepartment of Ordnance and Ounnery. Capt. Lawrence L.\\nBruff, Ordnance Department, Instructor (17th August, 1891).\\nFirst Lieut. John T. Thompson, Ordnance Department First\\nLieut. Henry D. Todd, Jr., First Artillery, Assistant Instructors.\\nSword Exercise. Herman J. Koehler, Master.\\nTeacher of 3Iusic. George Essigke.\\nTurning to the right, a few steps northward bring the visitor\\nto The Plain\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an open, level plain of some forty acres. The street", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "TARKYTOWN TO WEST TOINT. 93\\nkeeps on straight across to the hotel. Ou the right of the street\\nis a dusty expanse, where field-pieces are packed under canvas\\ncovers, and where the mounted drills of cavalry troops and the\\nlight-battery take place. At the left is a beautiful lawn the\\ncampus of the Academy and parade of the Post. Here the in-\\nfantry battalion drills and dress-parades take place; and it is\\nthe ball-ground of the students and general play-field of the chil-\\ndren.\\nLeiu^turiito the right toward the river\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and walk around\\nthe plain.\\nThe Chapel is the modest stone building, with a Greek\\nIDortico, which is immediately on the corner at the right.\\nThis chapel was built in 1836, and the Reformed Episcopal form\\nof worship is conducted there by the Post chaplain It is sm:dl and\\nold-fashioned, but elegant, and peculiarly adorned, not only by\\nthe crimson silk hangings about the pulpit, but by a vigorous\\nvmll painting, occupying the arch of the roof above it, from the\\nbrush of Prof. Robert W. Weir, for many years teacher of draw-\\ning at the Academy, and father of John W. Weir, professor of\\npainting at Yale. The most interesting objects in this chapel,\\nhowever, are the cases of captured flags. Those upon the west\\nwall are the British colors surrendered by Cornwallis at Yorktown,\\nin 1781. They were given, by Act of Congress, to Washington,\\nwho left them to G. Washington Parke Custisof Arlington, who,\\nin 18. 58, presented them to the Government, which sent them\\nhere for preservation.\\nThe opposite case is filled with Mexican flags, trophies of the\\nMexican War, in which the graduates of West Point had tlie first\\nopportunity to distinguish themselves; and where they proved, in\\nthe most satisfactory manner, the great advantage to the country\\nof such a school of soldiery.\\nThe tablets on the wall commemorate the names of prominent\\nAmerican officers; those on the west wall are all the generals of\\nthe Revolution, except one; and the blank is to be filled in\\nsilence\u00e2\u0080\u0094 by the name of Arnold. Those on the east wall are offi-\\ncers of the Mexican War, The remaining space has but a single\\noccupant the tablet to Lieut. Casey, who was killed in the Sioux\\nwar of 1891, and who had been an instructor and exceedingly\\npopular comrade at West Point. Admission to the chapel, when\\nnot open, may be gained by application to the adjutant of the\\nPost in the Administration Building.\\nThe Library is the building next beyond, at the southeast\\ncorner of the plain\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a building of dark stone, in the Eliza-\\n8", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "94 TARKTTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nbethan style, erected in 1840. It is crowned by a dome in which\\nthe astronomical instruments were formerly placed. The tunnel-\\ning of the Point by the West Shore Railroad Company, and the\\nconsequent jar of its trains, made this building untenable for\\ninstruments of precision; and in compensation for its privileges\\nthe company paid for the erection of the new observatory. The\\nlibrary now contains about 39,000 volumes, mainly devoted to\\nmilitary science and history, but including many general books.\\nTurning novtlumrd, upon leaving the liljrary, the visitor will\\nwalk along the eastern side of the plain, where is now rising the\\nCullum Memorial Hall, a legacy from Maj.-Gen. G. W. Cullum.\\nIt will be of stone, in Neo-Greek style, will contain a spacious\\nauditorium, an asseml ly room for the alumni, and many bed-\\nrooms, and will form a hall for social occasions and a sort of club\\nfor visiting officers. Beyond this building is the camp-ground\\nof the cadets, where they live in tents, with all the routine of a\\nfield campaign, from graduation day in June until September.\\nThe black railings are set there as a more convenient and secure\\nmethod of tying the tent-ropes than pegs afford. Beyond this\\nshady camp-ground the rambler finds himself confronted by the\\ngrassy parapet of\\nFort Clinton. A stairway at the nearest corner leads to its\\ntop, but, before ascending, the visitor will do well to walk a\\nlittle way along the carriage road, and observe the old masonry\\nof the wall on that front, which is a part of the ancient structure.\\nThe present fortification, a simple form of earthwork, more or\\nless star-shaped, without cannon, and covering, perhaps, two acres\\nof ground, is a restoration, made in 1857, of the revolutionary\\nfortress, and is not only a historical monument, but an object\\nlesson in the science of field fortification. Within its interior, les-\\nsons are given in the construction of such structures, and in\\nthe making of gabions, fascines, abatis, chevauxde-frise, and\\nother elements entering into defenses of this nature. The fort is\\nchiefly interesting, however, as a reminder of the history of West\\nPoint, which is purely military. To sift correctly from the mass\\nof revolutionary record and tradition which belongs to this\\nsmall, though momentous, spot, would require more judgment\\nand labor than most of us have at command; those interested,\\ntherefore, owe a debt of gratitude to Capt. Boynton for his com-", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 95\\nprehensive History of West Point, the whole scene of which is\\nunder the reader s eye as he strolls along this grassy parapet.\\nHistorical Sketch. This whole neighborhood was part of\\nan early grant to an English gentleman, John Evans, who, curi-\\nously enough, was a captain in the Royal Artillery; but his pat-\\nent was vacated in 1669, and the lands then passed into the hands\\nof several proprietors. No one seems to have actually settled\\nhere in pre-revolutionary times, however, the rocky character of\\nthe place inviting only the camping hunter and wood-cutter.\\nWhen the war for independence broke out, the defense of the\\nHighlands attracted the first attention, as has been pointed out;\\nand a scheme of fortitications for Constitution Island\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the rocky\\neminence opposite West Point, northward, which is separated\\nfrom the mainhmd by a space of marshes was begun ns early as\\nthe autumn of 1775, but was soon abandoned. A congressional\\ncommittee found, among other faults, that the site was overlooked\\nby the West Point, and recommended that that elevated ground\\nbe made use of as the site of a strong fortification. This was the\\nfirst oflicial suggestion to that effect. Nevertheless, additional\\nredoubts were built and many guns mounted on the island, until\\ngood judges declared the whole affair useless. The principal\\nredoubt was Fort Constitution, from which the island derives its\\npresent name, and which was destroyed by the enemy when they\\npassed up the river in 1777.\\nThe British success of that year taught the Americans that\\nthey had put their earlier chain in the wrong place, at Fort Mont-\\ngomery, aud that the proper place to stretch it was from Gee s, or\\nStony Point the extreme rocky projection of the West Point\\nheadland\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to the rocky shore of Constitution Island. This was\\nnot only 300 feet shorter in distance than the width at Fort3Iont-\\ngomery, but here sail-vessels ascending the river lost their head-\\nway to a great extent in rounding the sharp turn in the river, and\\nby reason of the baffling winds of this tortuous gorge, so that\\nthey v/ould strike the obstruction with diminished force. _ Accord-\\ningly another chain was prepared and put into position in April,\\n1778. It was defended by a battery of guns at each end, and\\nthat upon the West Point side is still visible, and is called the\\nGliain Battery.\\nMeanwhile, the fortification of the West Point had been\\nbusily prosecuted during the preceding winter (1777-78), in spite\\nof the extraordinary severity of that famous season and the depth\\nof the snow. Parsons brigade furnished the workmen, and the\\nengineer was a French officer, Lieut. -Col. Radiere. His plans\\nwere not approved, however, and he was superseded by Kos-\\nciusko, the Pole\u00e2\u0080\u0094 afterward to become a name for the oppressed\\nto conjure by under whose direction the work went steadily for-\\nward. The principal fort was this one at the northeastern corner\\nof the plateau, with a water-battery at the end of the chain, and", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "96 TARRYTOWN TO WEST TOTNT.\\nanother on the cliff face, the present Battery Knox; but, as the\\nwhole situation was exposed to the fire of any guns planted\\nupon the eminences that rose from the plain on the land-\\nward side, it was imperative that these summits should be\\nincluded in the general plan. To the most commanding of them.\\nCol. Rufus Putnam was sent with his regiment, and they toiled\\nall winter in the forest, and frost and snow, throwing up as strong\\na redoubt as could be made of logs and stones and a little earth.\\nWorks somewhat less pretentious surmounted other hilltops.\\nBetween Fort Putnam and the river was Fort Wehb, now the site\\nof the new observatory; and another, Fort Wyllis, covered a rocky\\nknoll a quarter of a mile farther south, at the extremity of the same\\nridge. A fourth was erected upon the round knob some distance\\nnoi-th of Fort Putnam. All of these, however, were regarded as\\noutworks defending the approaches to the main citadel here on\\nthe plain, which was sutticiently advanced by June of 1778 lo\\nreceive its garrison and its name Foi t Arnold. This name,\\naccording to Boynton, was continued until Arnold s defection,\\nwhen its title was changed to Fort Clinton, which it has since\\nretained. About 1,000 troops occupied West Point during the\\nwinter of 1778-79, and the remninder of the northern army was\\nnot far away\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a part of it just across the river, where strong\\nbreastworks were constructed upon Redoubt Hill and Sugar Loaf,\\nin addition to batteries along the south side of Constitution\\nIsland. Washington himself resided here from July 25 to No-\\nvember 28, 1779.\\nThe impregnability of these works was soon ascertained by\\nthe British, and after the failure of Arnold s treachery, West\\nPoint was never even threatened with an assault. Vigilance was\\nnot relaxed, however. The forts, and Putnam in particular,\\nwere made stronger and stronger, well garrisoned, and filled with\\nwar stores of every kind. Their admirable condition is testified\\nto by the Marquis de Chastellu, who inspected them in Novem-\\nber, 1780. These magazines, he exclaims, completely filled,\\nthe numerous artillery one sees in these diiferent fortresses, the\\nprodigious labor necessary to transport and pile up on steep rocks\\nhuge trunks of trees and enormous hewn stones, impress the\\nmind with an idea of the Americans very different from that\\nwhich the English ministry have endeavored to give to Parlia-\\nment.\\nAfter the war, West Point was made the repository of the war\\nmaterial remaining, much of which was sold; and the redoubts\\nwere not dismantled of their guns until 1787. They were then\\nallowed to fall into ruin, and the curious may now find them\\novergrown with trees. In 1805, Fort Putnam was partly demol-\\nished, and rebuilt of stone, after a somewhat larger design, but\\nwas speedily allowed to sink into the present condition of decay.\\nFort Clinton was itself restored in 1857. The presence of these\\nfortresses and their stores deteimiaed the stationing here of the", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO AVEST POINT. 97\\ncorps of engineers and artillerists and their cadets, and explains the\\npresent location of the Military Academy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 an aptness of historical\\nfoundation which does not often occur.\\nThe Cliffs, below Fort Clinton, are a part of the Point dear\\nto the hearts of habitues. Love at the first sight, we read, is\\nepidemic at West Point in June and July, and nowhere is the\\ninsidious malady more infectious than along these crags that look\\nout upon the shining river. Tender-hearted damsels, fresh from\\nthe boarding-school, and ardent cadets, whose sober-gray uniform\\nis completely opposite to the warmth of their feelings, wander\\nthrough the shady lanes, plighting everlasting troth, and quite\\nforgetful of the awful fact that a cruel fate may impend in papa\\nand mamma. There are romantic nooks, arbors, grottoes, and\\nquiet lanes, overarched with intertwining foliage all that a lover\\ncould desire.\\nIt is asking too much, perhaps, that the casual visitor of\\nuncertain age, and in broad daylight, should find Flirtation Walk,\\nKosciusko s Garden, with its arched spring and marble fountain-\\nbowl, and the other nooks and corners, as entertaining as do the\\nfledgling lieutenants and those sweetest of summer girls; but they\\nare delightful paths in which to stroll and smoke a post-prandial\\ncigar, all the same. A sad note is felt in one s meditations as he\\nencounters a plain marble shaft around which an eagle is twin-\\ning a laurel wreath and reads the name Dade inscribed upon\\nits plinth. It commemorates the bravery of a detachment of\\nUnited States troops, under Maj. Francis L. Dade, in a battle\\nwith the Seminole Indians in Florida, when 105 men out of 108\\nin the command were slaughtered.\\nA little farther on is Battery Knox a revolutionary relic\\nkept in modern repair, and with the guns mounted, whose muzzles\\ncommand the river channel. But these great guns are rarely, if\\never, fired. Continuing the walk, you may scramble down to the\\nold Chai7i Battery on Gee s Point, or\u00e2\u0080\u0094 since that is scarcely worth\\nwhile may ascend to the carriage road at the northeast angle of\\nFort Clinton, where the parapet is crowned with the Statue to\\nKosciusko.\\nThaddeus Kosciusko was born in Lithuania in 1746. He exhib-\\nited remarkable ability as a military student, and became a captain\\nof artillery, but on account of an unfortunate attachment to the\\ndaughter of a nobleman, in 1777, he went to Paris, and then to", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "98 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nAmerica with the French fleet. Washington gladly accepted his\\naid, and he displayed such intrepidity and skill that he rose to be\\na brigadier-general; and liis scientitic knowledge was utilized in\\nthe construction of this very fortress, which now bears the\\nmemorial shaft raised to his memory, in 1828, by the cadets, at a\\ncost of $5,000. In 1786, he returned to Europe; and in 1789 was\\nmade a major-general of the Polish army. In the war with Rus-\\nsia which followed, he acted with remarkable, but unavailing,\\nj-kill and valor; and when, in 1798, a part of Poland revolted,\\nKosciusko became leader, and but for the interposition of Prussia\\nwoidd have freed Poland from the Russian yoke. The result was\\ndefeat for the country and Mounds and imprisonment for himself.\\nAfter two years, however, he regained his freedom, and again\\nvisited England and America, after which he remained a promi-\\nnent figure in European politics until his death in Switzerland in\\n1817. The whole world has united in esteem and admiration of\\nhim, not only as a soldier, but as a chivalrous patriot.\\nContinuing the walk along the north front, and past the Sally-\\n1)ort of Fort Clinton, the visitor reaches the Hotel, from whose\\nbalconies a magnificent view up the river is gained.\\nThe West Point Hotel dates from 1829, and long ago became\\nantiquated. It is leased by the Government at so high a rental\\nthat the proprietor feels obliged to charge $3.50 a day, but at\\ngraduation time the old house is crowded almost to suffocation.\\nAlong the noi th side of the lilain, many interesting objects\\nclaim attention, not to mention the charming river views this ele-\\nvated outlook affords. The most conspicuous is the\\nBattle Monument.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This was erected in 1895-7, at a cost of\\n$75,000, accumulated by subscriptions from the army since 1863.\\nIt commemorates all of the regular army (488 officers and 2,042\\nenlisted men) killed or mortally wounded in defense of the Union\\nduring the Civil War. Their names are inscribed in bronze let-\\nters on the plinth and globes.\\nThe designers are McKim, Mead White of New York,\\nwho have produced a monolith of polished granite, 41 feet in\\nheight and 5 feet 8 inches in diameter, resting upon a circular\\nbase, and surrounded by flights of steps. Surmounting this is a\\nwinged figure of Victory, modeled in bronze by Macmonnies.\\nwhose feet are perched upon a globe. While this noble monu-\\nment, whose total height is 78 feet, is placed with special refer-\\nence to its aspect from the plain, its magnificent site will make it\\nvisible from a long way up the river. It was dedicated in 1897.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "TAKRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 99\\nA curious round depression in the edge of the campus, which\\nhas been felicitously described as the dimple in the face of the\\nplain, will attract attention just here, and perhaps you will\\nlinger a moment to watch the playing in the tennis-courts that\\noccupy it; but in the days of the revolutionary garrison it was\\nExecution or Galloios Hollow, and no guide-book is needed to tell\\nwhy. The gun upon its brink is that by which the flag is saluted\\nwhen, at sunset, the band, or drum corps, plays down the\\ncolors, and evening parade is dismissed. Just beyond, in a\\ngrove of fine trees, and with a grand outlook up the Hudson\\npast Cro Nest and Storm King on the left, and the Beacons on\\nthe right\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is\\nTrophy Point (once Fort Sherhourne), crowded with\\ncannons and mortars captured in Mexico. Each bears an\\nengraved legend. In the center of the array, supported upon\\niron posts, and inclosing some guns captured from the British in\\nthe Revolution, is a section of the great Chain which was\\nstretched across the river here in 1778. In front of this chain\\nwas a heavy boom of logs, a description and pictures of which\\nmay be found in Ruttenber s Obstructions of the Hudson Riiier.\\nThis chain was forged at the Stirling Iron Works in Orange\\nCounty, hauled piece by piece to New Windsor, and put together\\nat the military smithy of Capt. Macliin. It was then floated\\ndown as a whole, and placed in position without delay or break-\\nage. Each winter the chain and boom were unmoored, taj||en up\\nto the beach, in the cove now crossed by the railroad tracks,\\nand piled up out of reach of the moving ice until ready to be\\nreplaced in the spring. Boynton gives the following particulars:\\nThe chain and boom were fastened, when in position, to\\ncribbage blocks, the remains of which are yet [1863] visible in\\nthe little cove, just above the boat-house, on Constitution Island,\\nand directly across from tbe Chain Battery, yet in existence,\\nand near which the south end was secured. Sixteen links of the\\nchain yet remain united, at West Point, including a swivel and\\nclevis. Two of the largest links weigh, respectively, 130 and\\n129 pounds, while the medium weight is 114 pounds. The whole\\nchain is said to have weighed 186 tons. In removing the boom\\nfinally, a portion of it became detached, and the logs, being\\nwater-soaked, sank to the bottom of the river, where, after being\\nwashed by the tide for eighty years, they have been, in part,\\nrecovered.\\nThese portions are p- eserved at The Headquarters, Newburgh.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "100 TARRYTOWN TO WEST TOINT.\\nJust below Trophy Point is the Seacoast Battery, whose\\nguns point up the river. The name comes from the Seacoast\\nguns with which the battery was first armed, and with which the\\ncadets practiced in firing at the target visible upon the face of\\nCro Nest. But these old-fashioned cannon have been replaced b}^\\nrifles of large caliber, mounted upon modern carriages, A bat-\\ntery has occupied this commanding site since the Revolution; and\\nbelow it is another, the Water Battery.\\nThe buildings surrounded by a castellated wall, on the western\\nside of Trophy Point, form the Ordnance and Artillery Lahoratm^y,\\nand were biult in 1840, when artillery and cavalry drill were first\\nadded to the military curriculum of the Academy. They are\\nused for making and storing ammunition, and for instruction in\\nthe fabrication of arms and projectiles, and are not open to the\\npublic. Beyond are seen the gas-works, the coal-hoisting appa-\\nratus, the excellent public restaurant, and the wide flats which\\nhave been recently filled in. All this low-lying part of the\\nreservation, which reaches northward to the base of the hills, is\\nstyled Camptoion not because a camp is, or ever was, there, but\\nafter the name of an early settler on that slope. Along the\\nhigher ground beyond stand various laboratories, storehouses,\\nsoldiers barracks, and the residences of the families of enlisted\\nmen, laundresses, etc., extending to the Cemetery.\\nResuming his walk, the visitor comes speedily to the northicest\\ncorner of the plain, and stops to admire Launt Thompson s\\nvigorous Statue of Sedgwick a bronze presentment of the\\ncommander of the renowned Sixth Corps of the Army of the\\nPotomac, erected by that corps in loving admiration. It is a\\nnoble figure, with the steadfastness of the man s character and\\nthe excitement of battle in its pose.\\nAn obelisk to the memory of Lieut. -Col. E. W. Wood, who was\\nkilled at Fort Erie, in Canada, in 1814, formerly stood near here,\\nbut was moved to the cemetery in 1885.\\nOfficers Row has now been reached a line of comfortable,\\nplain residences, built, for the most part, more than fifty years\\nago, in which many tenants whose names are bright on the rolls\\nof the American army have succeeded one another. The house\\nnear this corner, having somewhat larger grounds, and dis-\\ntinguished by the super solemn and extra-elegant sentry pacing\\nbefore the gate, is that of the comma idaut of the Post. These", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT. 101\\nresidences continue northward for some distance around the\\ncurve in the road, which will take you directly to the gates of\\nthe\\nPost Cemetery, half a mile distant. If you have an hour\\nto spare, this cemetery is well worth a visit. Among its many\\nmonuments, the most notable is that erected by the cadets to their\\ncomrade, Vincent M. Lowe, who was killed by the premature\\ndischarge of a cannon in. 1817. It is known as the Gaclels Monu-\\nment, bears the names of several other officers more lately\\ninscribed upon it, and overshadows the grave of Miss Susan\\nWarner, the novelist. To no one, however, can this lovely\\nbivouac of the slain appeal with the sensation that it does to\\nan old resident. The latest addition is the monument to Keyes.\\nWest Point, exclaims Prof. Bailey, in his Reminiscences,\\nis the saddest place in the world. When I go back, I feel like\\nRip Van Winkle after his sleep in those mystic mountains dimly\\nseen up the river. Here is the old routine of long years ago; pre-\\ncisely the same calls, the same parades, and in precisely the same\\nplaces; but the actors, where are they? Go out to the cemetery\\nyonder; that peaceful, silent spot, so pathetic with the names of\\nthe dead. Where is there a spot more sacred? Here lies\\nthe trusty Anderson, with the simple record: Fort Sumter,\\n1861. Brave officer, simple-hearted gentleman, all honor to his\\nmemory! Near by is the tomb of the great commander, Gen.\\nWin field Scott. Here is buried Quincy A. Gillmore his\\ngrave, this last summer, still covered with the memorial flowers\\nof the Grand Army. The dashing Custer lies here; Buford, the\\ntrue and brave; Alonzo H. Gushing, faithful unto death at Gettys-\\nburg Gen. CuvierGrover; Sykes, that glorious hero of a hundred\\nbattles his monument is erected by loving comrades. These,\\nand many more no less worthy, here sleep their last sleep 1 In this\\nfinal repose there is no distinction of rank. We note the names\\nof many enlisted men, true in their station, as I am proud to say\\nthose regulars always were. Old Twiggs could play the traitor\\nhimself, but not a man did he tempt over with him.\\nIn front of the officers quarters, a line of iron benches extends\\nalong the east side of the campus, beneath noble elms. This is\\nthe proper place to watch the infantry drills, and to see the dress-\\nparades, which, on gala days, are formed facing this row. Pass-\\ning along it, the visitor sees before him, on the south side of the\\nplain, the Thayer Monument, the new Oymnasium, the great Cadet\\nBarracks, and the new Academy Building.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "103 TARKYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\nThe Monument to Col. Thayer, Father of the Academy.\\nwhose early iiillueiiee has been described, is a g-ranite tiiiure.\\ndraped in n military cloak, which merits the admiration it\\nreceives, and is tinely placed amid the trees.\\nThe Gymnasium is an imposing double-towered structure of\\nstone, after designs by K. M. Hunt, first occupied in 1893, It\\nstands upon ground formerly occujiied by a dwelling-house, some\\nof whose early occupants were Gens. Keyes. McDowell, and\\nMcClellan. It is equipped with the best of ap| aratus, and the\\ngymnastic training here given, including fencing, sword-play,\\nanil swimming, is regarded as a most important part of cadet\\ntraining, especially in the earlier years of the course. Dancing is\\nalso taught systematically. The building behind it is the Cadet\\nQuartermaster Store.\\nThe great (juadrangular, castellated, Tudoresque structure of\\nthe Cadet Barracks comes next. It was completed in 1849, and\\nis 800x00 feet in dimensions, with a wing 100x60 feet. The\\nfour stories hold 170 rooms, 130 of which are cadet quarters.\\nEvery one is prohibited from entering the building during study\\nhours, and it contains little, if anything, to interest the casual\\n-visitor.\\nY\\\\\\\\Q corps of cadets iwiyy include 371, but rarely exceeds 300.\\nThey present themselves for examination in June, and if passed\\nand admitted are quartereil in the barracks, and undergo prelim-\\ninary setting-up exercises and drills while the upper three\\nclasses are in camp. At the entl of summer, they are assigned\\nrooms and places in the battalion, and constitute the fourth class.\\nTwo persons are assigned to each room, and the entire furniture\\nconsists of two iron bedsteads, chairs, tables, and a few other nec-\\nessary articles. The cadet is not allowed to have a waiter, a\\nhorse, or dog. but is required to make his own bed and keep liis\\n(|uarters tidy. He is aroused at o clock in the morning by the\\ndrums. At twenty minutes i ast his room must be in order,\\nbedding folded, and wash bowl inverted. Woe betii e him if he\\nbe dilatory! He is visited by a superior, ^^ho reports his delin-\\nquency, or, as he would more vividly say, skins him. At half-\\npastO he goes to breakfast, returning shortly before 7; then an\\nhour for recreation, and then live hours for recitations, class\\nparades, and other duties. The time between noon and 2 r. m.\\nis allowed for dinner and recreation. Academic work is over at\\n4 o clock, and the rest of the day is occupied by drills, amuse-\\nments, and dress-parade. Lights are extinguished in quarters at\\n10, and the embryo soldier is supposed to go to sleep.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "TAiiuvrowN I o WKsr roiN P. 103\\nIt is to be feared that lie does not always do so. Stories of\\nstealthy midnight expeditions intent on the liazing of some\\nuiiioilimate youni;,ster, or to enjoy that mysterious edible com-\\nl) )uiid, mixed in a wash-basin, known as eadet hash, form a\\nl)art of all the traditions of (he Point. ]?ut these olfenses against\\ndiscipline are less frecpient than formerly. The young men now-\\nadays seem more enlightened and steadier, and even the wildest\\nspirits appreciate thoroughly their privileges and resi)()nsibilities.\\nA better sentiment has gi own up as to hazing, which is nearly\\nextinct,. I lu; reduction of a i)lebe to his proper level of al)so-\\nlutc insignilicance is brought about soon enough in the course\\nof drill. The restriction of the cadet to limits, which by no\\nmeans include the whole of the reservation, and his total lack of\\nmoney, are other powerful obstacles to forbidden pleasures and\\ncontraband indulgence of the appetite. He is paid $45 a montli,\\nbut never handles a peimy of it, all being spent for him by the\\nquartermastcir and conunissary ollicers; and he, is i)ernutted to\\nreceive no moncjy whatever, from home or anywher(! else. He\\nev(!n has no pockets in his trousers! IVloreover, the cadet is\\nwatched by some sort of superior every moment. He awakes,\\nand dresses, and goes to meals; eats and drinks, and marches\\nbaek again; studies and rceites; says his prayers, goes to bed, and\\nattunes his dreams to the word of conunand, the notes of the\\nbugle, and the tap of the drum. There is searcely a moment\\nwhen he is not under eye and liable tocorreetion of deportment\\nby some one who has the power to enforce his Innt, or punish tlu;\\nslightest sign of revolt yet it is all done in so rulable and kindly\\na way, and is so nuich a part of the very air they breathe, that a\\njollier lot of fellows can not be found at any institution in the\\nUnited States.\\nThe Academic Building, lirst occupied in l.S jr is from the\\nd( signs of liichardM. Hunt, and was linished by the erection\\nof an imposing clock-tower at the northeast corner. It replaces\\nthe fine old structure erected in 1838. It is used wholly for\\ninstruction, containing recitation rooms, laboratories, drawing-\\nrooms and other apartments re(iuire(l in the actual college work\\nof the institution. It is not open to visitors, though an officer is\\npermitted to show the oi duance museum, etc., to any one especially\\ninterested in such matters.\\nThe circuit of tlie plain has now been completed, and but one\\nthing remains to be done l)y the conscientious tourist the visit to\\nOld Fort Putnam. This ruined fortification, the history of\\nwhich has already been given, crowns the summit of Mount\\nIndependence, 495 feet above the river. It is reached by a wind-\\ning carriage road, which leaves the main street between the Aca-", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "104 TARRYTOWN TO WEST POINT.\\ndemic Building and Grant Hall, and overlooks the plain, as it\\nascends, until bidden in the woods of the rocky hillside. Half-\\nway up, the road crosses the upland road to Highland Falls; and\\nat that point another road leads off to the left and ascends to the\\nnew Observatory, which stands upon the site of old Fort Webb,\\nand is furnished with a 12-inch telescope and other high-class\\ninstruments for astronomical work. Continuing, certain short\\ncuts may be taken advantage of by pedestrians, and Fort Putnam\\nis finally reached and entered at the old sally-port.\\nNo explanation is required here. One may wander about the\\nruinous ramparts, peer into the broken casemates, and speculate\\nupon the difficulty of capturing by assault this castle, whose walls\\nare perched upon the very brink of cliffs. It must be remem-\\nbered that its purpose was to defend the garrison of the Point\\nfrom a landward attack, and not to guard the river, though\\ndoubtless some of its guns would have shelled passing vessels\\nvery effectively. The view here is said to extend along fifteen\\nmiles of the river; but it is more commendable for its pictur-\\nesque variety than for its breadth, combining in a most winning\\nmanner a savagery of nature that has resisted cultivation through\\ntwo centuries with the perfection of civilization of art upon and\\nalong the beautiful river, which here, as everywhere else, is the\\nlodestone that irresistibly attracts back to itself the wandering\\ngaze.\\nThe distance to Fort Putnam is not less than half-a-mile, and\\nthe climb is rather steep, so that not less than an hour should be\\ngiven to this excursion.\\nThe road to Cranston s leads along the edge of the bluff,\\npast the Hospital, the residences of officers, and the old Kinsley\\nestate. The last has now been bought by the Government,\\nextending the Military Reservation almost to Cranston s Hotel.\\nThere is no interest for the casual sightseer in that direction,\\nbeyond the view of the river; but the first of all local traditions\\nlies somewhere down at that end of the present reservation the\\nshrine of the tutelar saint of West Point, Benny Havens.\\nBenny Havens, declares Prof Bailey, among army men, is\\na name to conjure by, for even those who never frequented his\\nhouse, or toasted Gens. Brady or Worth or Scott beneath its\\nroof, or sang Petite Coquille in memory of O Brien, know by\\ntradition of that old haunt and its well-bred keeper. Benny\\nmust have been much above the ordinary run of contraband\\ndealers, or barkeepers, to have inspired such esteem in the hearts\\nof our bravest and best. All the old fellows, after graduation.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "TARRYTOWN TO WEST TOINT. 105\\nand sometimes after fame had come to them, would find their\\nway back to that secluded spot. What a ring and joy there is to\\nthose old verses! How they survive the shocks of time! How\\nwe rise to our feet and shout to hear them, as the Frenchman\\ndoes to his Marsellaise\\nTo our regiments now, fellows, we all must shortly go,\\nAnd look as sage as parsons when they tell of what s below\\nWe must cultivate the graces, do everything just\\nAnd never talk to ears polite of Benny Havens, O\\nso.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH.\\nRounding West Point, tlie steamer turns sliarpl} to the left,\\nbringing into view the two great mountains of the Highlands\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCrd Nest and Storm King, on the west side of the river, with\\nBreakneck, BullJIill, and The Beacons continuing the range north-\\neastward. The rocky eastern shore immediately upon the right,\\nhowever, is Constitution Island, and across this narrow and bent\\nstrait in the river was stretched the cliain that has been described.\\nThe guarding redoubts may still be seen at each end of its posi-\\ntion.\\nLittle of the military post is visible from the water level. Some\\ndwelling-houses along the south bluff, the headquartei s offices,\\nand the battlemented walls of the new Academy Building; the\\nriding halls and stables on the bluff; the hotel on the point;\\nglimpses of a monument or two, and some foliage-hidden batteries,\\nwith a view of the laboratories and soldiers quarters of Camp-\\ntown, north of the parade; and, Innally, the white monuments of\\nthe cemetery, serve only to give the traveler who passes in a\\nsteamer an idea of the attractive as (t\\\\\\\\ as strategic situation of\\nthis famous post in the Highlands. The passenger on the Hud-\\nson River Railroad cars sees a few more roofs than are visible\\nfrom the steamer but he who travels by the West Shore Rail-\\nroad sees very little. It runs along the base of the south bluff,\\nand then passes beneath the parade through a long, curving,\\nsmoky tunnel and its construction here, as often elsewhere, has\\nsadly marred the beauty of the banks.\\nConstitution Island is a mass of rocks, inclosing consider-\\nable arable land, and separated from the mainland by marshes\\nover which the railway now passes upon a causeway. It was\\nanciently known as Marteler s Rock, nfter a Frenchman named\\nMartelaire, who lived there about 1720.* The change of name and\\nthe revolutionary history of the island have been recounted;\\nand nothing would remain to say of interest, were it not that for\\n*So says Boyuton, but other explanations of equal authenticity have been\\ngiven.\\n(106)", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH 107\\nmany years this secluded place was the home of that Warner\\nfamily, all of whom were literary, and one, Miss Susan B. Warner,\\nattained to fame, thirty years ago, by the novel. The Wide, Wide\\nWorld. It was long and slow, but, in defiance of critics and\\ncanons, attained a popularity never reached by any other book by\\nan American woman (or man, perhaps), except Uncle loom s Cabin,\\nover 250,000 copies having been sold. It was published in 1857,\\nand followed by Queechy, Say and Seal, and many other stories\\nand religious booiis, which had a varied success. Miss Warner\\ndied in 1885, and is buried, as she wished lo be, near the Cadets\\nMonument at West Point, The house is on the southern shore\\nof the island, and is still occupied, but is so ensconced by trees as\\nto be nearly invisible. Miss Warner s sister Anna was also a\\nnovelist, and in the hills behind the island formerly lived another\\ntalented spinster Clara Louise Kellogg.\\nBeyond Constitution Island, a deep cove penetrates the eastern\\nshore. Into it flows a brook, at the mouth of which is the once\\nfamous, and still prosperous. West Point Foundry, while just\\nbeyond it the valley is filled with the cheerful village of Cold\\nSpring.\\nCold Spring is an old and inviting, but not very progressive,\\nlittle town, which takes its name from a powerful spring near the\\nrailroad station, and its reputation from its great foundries, whose\\nflaming chimneys often cast brilliant reflections, at night, far out\\nupon the river, giving a startling appearance to the dark crags thus\\nlit up.\\nNight in the Highlands, indeed, is scarcely less lovely than\\nthe day. The river breaks with faintest murmur on the precip-\\nitous shore; the walls of the mountains are an impenetrable\\nblackness, against which the starry path overhead looks the more\\nlustrous. Trembling echoes strike the liillsides plaintively, as a\\ngreat steamer cleaves her way up the stream, or a towboat, with\\na string of canalboats in her wake, struggles against the tide,\\nwhile fleets of sailing-vessels drift past.\\nIn 1828, Gouverneur Kemble brought here, from New York,\\nthe plant of an iron foundry, to which he gave the name West\\nPoint. Later, his relatives, the Fauldings, came in, one of whom\\nw^as that literary J. K. Paulding whose home will be seen at\\nHyde Park. Then Major Parrott, artillery officer, also connected\\nby marriage, was introduced to the firm; and he gave the West\\nPoint foundry a world-wide reputation by the invention and\\nmanufacture, just before the Civil War, of the Parrott gun, the\\n9", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "108 WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH.\\nprinciple of which was the strengthening of the breech by shrink-\\ning upon it a broad tire of forged steel. Here, during the war,\\nwere cast cannons, shot, and shell, to the exclusion of almost\\neverything else but since then the casting of machinery has\\nchiefly employed the 200 to 300 men constantly at work.\\nThe village stretches mainly along a single street, reaching for\\nlialf-a-mile up the glen and it has one of the finest Episcopal\\nchurches in the whole Hudson Valley a Gothic structure of gray\\nstone, with a lofty spire, which cost half a million, and was the\\ngift of a single parishioner. The population is about twenty-five\\nhundred, and there is a comfortable hotel upon the dock, where\\nminor steamers call.\\nThe bold eminence just north of Cold Spring is Bull Hill,\\nlately modernized into the more elegant Mount Taurus. It\\nis the continuation of Cro Nest, is over 1,500 feet high, and\\nextends backward, parallel with the South Beacon. At Under-\\ncliflfe, in front of this hill, lived Col. George P. Morris, editor,\\nfifty years ago, of The New York Mirror; but more widely remem-\\nbered as the author of Woodman, Spare that Tree, and several\\nother songs that touched the popular heart. It was one of the\\nmost spacious and elegant places of its day, and was built by\\nJohn C. Hamilton, one of the sons of Alexander Hamilton. Its\\nelevated position commands not only one of the most interesting\\nriver pictures in the Highlands, but overlooks the parade at West\\nPoint, so that the evolutions of tlie cadets at drill can easily be\\ndiscerned from the piazza. F. B. James has a house near the\\nriver, just here; a little farther on live D. Heusted and E. A.\\nPerkins, in the rear of the rocky cape called Little Stony Point;\\nand just beyond Bull Hill, where a road zigzags down between\\nit and the naked, purple cliffs of Breakneck, is Storm King Sta-\\ntion, oil the Hudson River Railroad, forming, in summer, the sta-\\ntion, by ferry, for Cornwall.\\nCro Nest and Storm King. All this time the massive,\\nrounded crags of Crow Nest and Storm King mountains over-\\nshadow the river on the left, not leaving room even for the West\\nShore Railroad, which has partly hacked out a pathway along\\ntheir bases.\\nThe former, now usually written C7 o Nest, is an ancient name,\\nprobably borrowed from the red men, and simply notes the", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH. 109\\nabundance of crows on that eminence, as Eagle Valley, between\\nCro Nest and Storm King, was noted as a breeding-place of\\neagles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a bird once extremely abundant all along the Hudson,\\nand still often seen. The name Cro Nest is applied to the whole\\nmassive ridge fronting the river for two miles or more, and\\nattaining a height at one point of 1,416 feet.\\nHere, as elsewhere in the neighborhood, crack-brained spec-\\nulators have searched for Capt. Kidd s buried treasure, and the\\nriver front of the Cro Nest is called Kidd s Plug Cliff, on the sup-\\nposition that a mass of projecting rock, on the face of the preci-\\npice, formed a plug to the orifice where the pirate s gold was\\nhidden.\\nTHE CULPRIT FAY.\\nCro Nest is linked in English literature with Joseph Rodman\\nDrake s fairy story in verse, The Culprit Fay. It was written in\\na spirit of bravado, when the author was only twenty-one years\\nold, to sustain his contention that it was just as possible to place\\nthe scene of a romance among the unstoried American hills as\\namong those of Europe, where every pinnacle, slope, and valley\\nwas a memento of suggestive deeds. This discussion happened\\nduring a memorable walk through the Highlands, in 1816, of a\\nparty in which were Drake, Washington Irving, Fitz-Greene\\nHalleck, and J. Fenimore Cooper; and, to confute his elders, the\\naudacious young poet wrote, in three days, one of the most\\ncharming poems in the English language. Drake, who became a\\nphysician, and lived only until 1820, published some other good\\nthings, notably the poem to the American flag, beginning:\\nWhen Freedom, from her mountain height,\\nUnfurled her banner to the skies\\nbut The Culprit Fay is that by which he is, and will long be,\\nremembered. It was a sudden and brilliant flash of a highly\\npoetical mind, which was extinguished before its powers were\\nfully expanded. Its action and sentiment have been admirably\\nsketched in the following language:\\nThe story is of simple construction: The fairies who live\\non Cro Nest are called together at midnight to sit in judgment on\\none of their number who has broken his vow. He is sentenced to\\nperform a most difficult task, and evil spirits of air and water\\noppose him in his mission of penance. He is sadly baflled and", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "110 WEST POINT TO NEWBURCn.\\ntempted, but at length conquers all difficulties, and his triumph-\\nant return is hailed with dance and song.\\nThese Cro Nest fairies are a dainty and luxurious race.\\nTheir lanterns are owlets eyes. Some of them repose in cobweb\\nhammocks, swung on tufted spears of grass, and rocked by\\nthe zephyrs of a midsummer night. Others have beds of lichen,\\npillowed by the breast plumes of the humming-bird. A few,\\nstill more luxurious, tiiid couches in the purple shade of the four-\\no clock, or in the little niches of rock lined with dazzling mica.\\nTheir tables, at which they drink dew from the buttercups, are\\nvelvet-like mushrooms, and the king s throne is of sassafras and\\nspicewood, with tortoise-shell pillars, and crimson tulip-leaves for\\ndrapery. But the quaint shifts, and the beautiful outfit of the Cul-\\nprit himself says a writer on Drake, comprise the most delectable\\nimagery of the poem. He is worn out with fatigue and chagrin\\nat the very commencement of his journey, and therefore makes\\ncaptive a spotted toad, by way of steed, llaving bridled her with\\na silk- weed twist, his progress is made, rapidly, by dint of lashing\\nher sides with an osier thong. Arrived at the beach, he launches\\nfearlessly upon the tide, for, among his other accomplishments,\\nthe Fay is a graceful swimmer; but his tender limbs are so\\nbruised by leeches, starfishes, and other watery enemies that he\\nis soon driven back.\\nThe cobweb lint and balsam dew of sorrel and henbane\\nspeedily relieve the little penitent s wounds, and, having refreshed\\nhimself with the juice of the calamus-root, he returns to the\\nshore, and selects a neatly-shaped mussel-shell, brilliantly painted\\nwithout, and tinged with a pearl within. Nature seemed to have\\nformed it expressly for a fairy-boat. Having notched the stern,\\nand gathered a colen bell to bail with, he sculls into the middle\\nof the river, laughing at his old foes as they grin and chatter\\naround his way. There, in the sw^eet moonlight, he sits until a\\nsturgeon comes by, and leaps, all glistening, into the silvery\\natmosphere; then, balancing his delicate frame upon one foot,\\nlike a Lilliputian Mercury, he lifts the flowery cup and catches\\nthe one sparkling drop that is to wash the stain from his wing.\\nGay is his return voyage. Sw^eet nymphs clasp the boat s\\nside with their tiny hands, and cheerily urge it onward.\\nHis next enterprise is of a more knightly species, and he\\nproceeds to array himself accordingly, as becomes a fairy cavalier.\\nHis acorn helmet is plumed with thistle-down, a bee s nest forms\\nhis corselet, and his cloak is of butterfly-wings. With a lady-\\nbug s shell for a shield, and a wasp-sting lance, spurs of cockle-\\nseed, a bow made of vine twig strung with maize silk, and w-ell\\nsupplied with nettle shafts, he mounts his firefly, and, waving his\\nblade of blue-grass, speeds upward to catch a glimmering spark\\nfrom some flying meteor. Again the spirits of evil are let loose\\nupon him, and the upper elements are not more friendly than\\nthose below. A sylphid queen enchants him by her beauty and\\nkindness. But though she played very archly with the butterfly-", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH. Ill\\ncloak, and handled the tassel of his blade while he revealed to\\nher pitying ears the dangers he had passed, the memory of his\\nfirst love and the object of his pilgrimage kept his heart free.\\nEscorted with great honor by the sylph s lovely train, his career\\nis resumed, and his flame- wood lamp at length rekindled, and\\nbefore the sentry-elf proclaims a streak in the eastern sky, the\\nculprit has been welcomed to all his original glory.\\nNext north of Cro Nest, the rocks rise to an even greater\\nheight in a rounded pile which some of the early Dutchmen\\ncalled The Klinkenherg (meaning Echo Mount, and usually\\nmisspelled Klinkerberg and others Butter Hill. The country\\npeople still hold to the last name, indeed, explaining that the\\nheight resembles a market-roll of butter in its dome-like round-\\nness\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a notion that dates back to very early times. N. P. Willis,\\nhowever, succeeded in fastening upon it the new name Storm\\nKing, as a term befitting its dignity, not only, but expressive of\\nthe fact that it is an unfailing weather-gauge to all the country\\nnorth of it. The highest point of Storm King is somewhat\\ninland, and may easily be reached by a plain path which ascends\\nfrom near the Mountain House, in Cornwall. Next southwest of\\nthis mountain is the still loftier eminence Black Bock, whose\\nround poll can be seen peering over the crest of Storm King from\\nthe south, and stands out in plain view from the north.\\nThe straight space of river in front of these mountains used\\nto be known to the old-time sloop captains as Vorsen s Reach; and\\nto the rugged headland opposite, whose precipices are too steep\\nto bear much vegetation, was given the name Breakneck, so long\\nago that the time and the reason are both forgotten, for the modern\\nyarn about some old Dutchman chasing a runaway bull over\\nMount Taurus, until it hurled itself off the crags of the next\\nmountain and broke its neck, is nonsense. A century ago it was\\nknown as The Turk s Face, owing to a remarkable image of a\\nhuman countenance, formed by projecting rocks on the south\\nside, where now a huge purplish wall of bare rock testifies to the\\nravages of stone-quarrying; but this was long ago tumbled down\\nby the operations of blasting. This Turk s Face, or Breakneck\\nMountain, is the counterpart of Storm King, and the range con-\\ntinues northward in a chain of summits that form the water-shed\\nbetween the Hudson and the Croton rivers, in Dutchess County\\nwhich begins at this point on the river.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "113 WEST POINT TO NEWBUR6H.\\nThese mountains are very rough, and quite uninhabited and\\nwild. A road creeps around their base, however, and paths\\nascend to their summits, which align themselves into a very\\nprominent and handsome range, as the steamer sails out of this\\nnorthern gate of the Highlands into the ampler breadth called\\nNewburgh Bay.\\nWith the help of Pollopel s Island, an outlying projection\\nof Breakneck passed just here this northern gateway of the\\nHighlands was obstructed in 1779 by the chevaux de-frise, frag-\\nments of which may be examined in tlie museum at the Head-\\nquarters in Newburgh. They consisted of massive iron-pointed\\npikes, about thirty feet long, secured at the bottom in cribs tilled\\nwith stones, and slanted so that their points came just at the sur-\\nface of the water. The British sailors found little difficulty in\\npassing this obstruction under the guidance of a deserter, after\\ntheir capture of the Highland forts, and the cribs were gradually\\ndestroyed by ice, or removed. Later, Pollopel s Island was prob-\\nably used as a place of confinement for prisoners of war, and it is\\nnow an occasional picnic resort.\\nCornwall appears, as the steamer gets farther on, thickly\\nset along the base of Storm King, which extends backward in a\\nlofty ridge. Here, fifty-three miles from New York, is a busy\\nlanding and railway station, where the Neic York, Ontario cfe\\nWestern Railicay whose trains run between this point and New\\nYork (Weehawken) over the tracks of the West Shore Kailroad\\nleaves the river for the interior of the State, and to a connection\\nwith the Canadian Pacific s transcontinental system on the St.\\nLawrence River.\\nThe extensive pier which this company built in 1892, to form\\na tide-water terminus for the delivery of coal and other freight,\\nis seen a few rods northward. Nearly all of the minor lines of\\nsteamboats stop here; but the Albany day-line does not do so,\\nlanding only at Newburgh, two miles beyond. Great quantities\\nof small fruit are sent away from here, in spring and summer, to\\nNew York, and the place is the most populous summer resort\\nupon the river.\\nCornwall-on-tlie-Hudson lies along the sloping base of Storm\\nKing, the best houses and hotels occupying a table-land that\\noverlooks the Hudson and the pretty valley of the Moodna.\\nNathaniel P. Willis styled this plateau the Highland Terrace,\\nand said that the curving mountains- bent about it seemed like\\na waving arm, like a gesture from Nature, and an invitation to", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH. llS\\ncome and look around you, Willis liimself made his home here\\nin a many-gabled cottage designed by Calvert Yaux since cele-\\nbrated as an architect, and the designer of Central Park, New\\nYork who was then a young man in Newburgh. It is now\\noccupied by William A. Hudson, and has many nearer neighbors\\nthan when Willis lived and wrote there during the last fifteen\\nyears of his life, and loved it for its real remoteness, although\\nwithin sight of the thronged thoroughfare of the Hudson.\\nNearer the mountain, and perhaps a mile from the landing, is\\nthe home and fruit farm of the late Rev. E. P. Roe, who was,\\nperhaps, the most popular and influential American novelist of\\nhis day. Somewhat beyond his estate, on the slope of Deer Hill\\nthe small foot-hill projecting conspicuously into the valley\\nstill dwells another well-known novelist Mrs. Amelia E. Barr\\nin a locality distinguished as Cornwall Heights.\\nThe vicinity of Cornwall is a little literary Parnassus in itself.\\nEdward W. Bok, in a chatty article in the Chicago Herald, thus\\ndescribed the authors homes there I\\nIt is now nearly forty-five years ago since Nathaniel P. Willis\\nfirst made known his Idlewild retreat, and more than twenty-\\nfive years have passed since he left it to be taken to Mount\\nAuburn, near Boston. The Idlewild of today is still green\\nto the memory of the poet. Since Willis death the place has\\npassed in turn into various hands, until now it is the home of a\\nwealthy New York lawyer, who has spent thousands of dollars\\non the house and grounds. The old house still stands, and here\\nand there in the grounds remains a suggestion of the time of Willis.\\nThe famous pine drive leading to the mansion, along which the\\ngreatest literary lights of the Knickerbocker period passed\\nduring its palmy days, still remains intact, the dense growth\\nof the trees only making the road the more picturesque. The\\nbrook at which Willis often sat still runs on through the grounds\\nas of yore. In the house, everything is remodeled and remodern-\\nized. The room from whose windows Willis was wont to look\\nover the Hudson, and where he did most of his charming writing,\\nis now a bedchamber, modern in its every appointment, and sug-\\ngesting its age only by the high ceiling and curious mantel,\\nVisitors are now denied the grounds a forbidding sign announc-\\ning to the wanderer that the 125 acres of Idlewild are Pri-\\nvate Grounds. This restriction w^as found necessary, one of the\\noccupants informed me, because of the liberties taken by visitors,\\nwho still come, almost every week, to see the place made famous\\nby the dude poet of the Hudson, as he is still called by the old\\nresidents of Cornwall. Only a few city blocks from Idlewild\\n8", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "114 WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH.\\nis the house where lived E, P. Roe, the author of so many popu-\\nlar novels, as numerous, almost, in number as the several hun-\\ndreds of thousands of circulation which they secured. The Roe\\nhouse is unoccupied, and has been since the death of the novelist.\\nFor a time, the widow and some members of the family resided\\nthere, but Mrs. Roe now lives in New York, and the Cornwall\\nplace is for sale. There are twenty-three acres to it in all, and,\\nsave what was occupied by the house, every inch of ground was\\nutilized by the novelist in his hobby for fine fruits and rare flow-\\ners. Now nothing remains of the beauty once so characteristic of\\nthe place. For four years the grounds have missed the care of\\ntheir creator. Where once were the novelist s celebrated straw-\\nberry beds, are now only grass and weeds. Everything is grown\\nover, only a few trees remaining as evidence that the grounds\\nwere ever known for their cultivated products. A large board\\nsign announces the fact that the entire place is for sale.\\nAway up on the mountain-side, flanked on the right by Storm\\nKing Mountain and on the left by Deer Hill, is the pretty road-\\nside cottage home of Amelia E. Barr. The place is a mute testi-\\nmony of the novelist s success, it having been bought by her, last\\nspring, from the profits of her literary work. It stands some 600\\nfeet above the Hudson, with a view of landscape that stretches to\\nthe Catskills. Here, where one feels closer to his Creator and\\nfarther from his fellow-men, Mrs. Barr writes the stories which\\nbring her an income of over $8,000 a year, and make her one of\\nthe most successful novelists of the day,\\nThe beauty of its situation renders Cornwall a fashionable\\nresort during the summer, when its many beautiful residences\\nare the scene of a constant round of gaiety. The entertainment\\nof summer visitors has become the characteristic business of the\\ntown. About 5,000 persons annually take their summer abode\\nhere, and the permanent population has increased, within a few\\nyears, to about 3,000 souls. The hotels and boarding-houses do\\nnot reach the magnificent proportions of some of the Saratoga\\nhotels, but are neat and convenient. There are several schools\\nand churches, a savings bank, public library and reading-room\\nin the village.\\nThe neighborhood abounds in varied and interesting drives\\nover good roads, which wind about the broad valley of the\\nMoodna, where almost every house, glen, and hilltop has some\\nmemory of the patriot army and the war for American independ-\\nence. Especially noteworthy are the Montana drive, which is\\none of the most romantic and picturesque in the district; the\\nMoodna drive, traversing the bed of the glen through a laby-", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "WEST POIKT TO NEWBTTKGH. 115\\nrinth of groves and sylvan grottoes; and also the drive to Orange\\nLake through one of the most fertile valleys in the State, the\\nroad leading through a continuous chain of stock farms and wav-\\ning fields of ripe golden grain. A new road has just been com-\\npleted across the mountains to West Point, but is said, by\\nimpartial travelers, to fall far short of the praise that it has\\nreceived. It is no better than the old road from Cornwall to\\nCranston s and West Point, and that is dangerous for light\\nvehicles in several places, and utterly useless for bicycling.\\nCountry lanes and by-paths invite those who enjoy rambling\\nafoot to explore the shaggy heights of Storm King and the\\nSchunemunk, whose blue height is seen inland, broadside on; or\\nto wander into valley nooks, away from the dusty highways.\\n(Read Roe s Nature s Serial Story for the local scenery.) One\\nneeds only to be a student of colonial history, and a reader of\\nWillis, to find here a parallel to the peculiar attractiveness more\\nwidely felt toward Tarrytown. The camp of the Continental\\narmy, in 1782-83, spoken of farther on, is just as accessible from\\nhere as from Newburgh.\\nOne sees nothing of Cornwall from the West Shore Railroad,\\nwhich follows the beach and not much is learned of it from the\\nboats, or the distant eastern shore; but a grand mountain view\\ndevelops as the Highlands are gradually left behind. The mouth\\nof the Moodna (another of Willis names it was always Mur-\\nderer s Greek before his time), Plum Point, and New Windsor are\\npassed in succession.\\nNew Windsor became prominent in revolutionary annals,\\nwhen it was the home of the Clintons, and the birthplace of De\\nWitt Clinton, the famous canal governor of the State in after\\nyears.\\nFrom the campaign of 1777 on, these broad valleys on both\\nsides of the river, along the northern base of the Highlands, were\\nthe scene of constant musterings of soldiers and war-like opera-\\ntions; and in June, 1779, Washington came to reside at New\\nWindsor, taking Thomas Ellison s, on the hill immediately south\\nof the village, as his headquarters; while his generals, Knox,\\nLafayette, and others, were nearer their respective commands, up\\ntlie Moodna valley, on the Fishkill shore, or in the mountains.\\nHere he and Wayne planned the capture of Stony Point, and here\\nhe himself was nearly captured by treachery. This house was\\nundermined not long ago and destroyed by the digging of the", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "116 WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH.\\nclay-pits. Washington left New Windsor the following winter\\nand summer, but returned in the autumn of 1780, and made\\nready for the southern campaign of the next summer which\\nresulted in the capture of Cornwallis and from which the army\\nreturned to encamp for the winter in the valley of the Moodna,\\nabove New Windsor, while Washington resided at Newburgh, as\\nwe shall presently see.\\nThe City of Newburgh has already attracted the attention of\\nall travelers, since it covers the slope of a wide hillside along the\\nwestern bank of the river, with a long water-front crowded with\\nshipping, and tier upon tier of business and residential streets\\nrising to the crest of the ridge. On the opposite (eastern) shore\\nof the river {Neiohurgh Bay) is Fishkill.\\nNewburgh is beautiful for situation. The site rises from the\\nmargin of the river, here 1}^ miles wide, in a series of terraces\\nthat well display the city from the water, and make it a brilliant\\nspectacle when lighted up at night. Its water-front \\\\ii crowded for\\ntwo miles with wharves, warehouses, factories, and railway\\nstructures, which hide to some extent the business streets; but\\nthese are mainly narrow, and irregular, and unattractive. Higher\\nup are the residences, standing in tiers along the hillside, where\\nbroad, well-shaded, and smoothly graded avenues are modern\\nand most pleasant in appearance, and are studded wifh the\\nchurches and schools whose spires are conspicuous from the\\nriver. There are two parks, and capital roads for driving in all\\ndirections. Water is pure and abundant, and the drainage is\\nnatural and thorough; the city is lighted by gas and electricity,\\nhas street-cars in all directions, a capable police and lire brigade,\\nand a watchful Board of Health. Its seven public schools are of\\na high order. One among them, the Glehe School, in Clinton\\nStreet, is the regular successor of a series of schools, which began\\nin 1753, and was sustained by a part of the revenues of the Glebe\\nlands, appropriated by the Government for the support of divine\\nservice and teaching in the infant colony. Another is the Neio-\\nburgh Academy, which also grew out of the Glebe funds, about\\n1790, and was the first institution of higher learning in all this\\nregion. It is now the city s high school, and occupies a new and\\ncommodious building on Montgomery Street. To these must be\\nadded three schools under the care of the Roman Catholic\\nchurches, and eight private schools, notable among which are", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBUKGH. 117\\nMount St. Mary s Academy and Miss Mackie s for girls, and\\nSiglar s preparatory school for boys. Besides this, the city well\\nsupports a Free Library and Beading-room, with over 17,000\\nvolumes one, of the most admirable public libraries in the eastern\\nUnited States; it is at No. 100 Grand Street. Music also receives\\na large amount of attention, and there is a pretty theater.\\niSrewburgh is the home of many wealthy and refined families,\\nand the amenities of life are cultivated.\\nAmong her citizens of wide repute were Joel T. Headley, the\\nauthor of many works of history, biography, and travel written\\nin a popular manner and one of the earliest exponents of the\\nbeauty of the Upper Hudson and the Adirondacks. Mr. Head-\\nley lived here over thirty years, and died at the age of ninety-five.\\nOther citizens of note have been Henry Kirke Brown, the\\nsculptor; Charles and Andrew Downing, pomologists and land-\\nscape gardeners; Judge J. Monell, the jurist, and many others.\\nThe City Club, at Grand and Third streets, is the leading social\\nclub; while the extraordinary local interest in outdoor sports,\\nand particularly those of an aquatic kind, has led to the organi-\\nzation of several clubs for yachting, rowing, canoeing, etc. The\\nPalatine,on Grand Street, is the newest hotel, and one of the finest\\nin the Hudson Valley. The old United States is near Fishkill ferry.\\nHistorical Sketch. Newburgh occupies almost the only\\nspot upon the western shore of the river, between Kingston and\\nJersey City, where a great town could be situated, accessible by\\npassable wagon roads to the interior. It has therefore excelled,\\nfrom the first, as a trading town. Settled in the beginning (1709)\\nby refugees from the Palatinate, who were given lands along\\nQuassaick Creek by Queen Anne, these were gradually outnum-\\nbered by Dutch, Scotch, and English accessions, forming a com-\\nmunity diligent in business. Before the Revolution, the farm-\\ners of all the back country brought hither their produce for\\nsale or shipment; the lumber and stave trade became important;\\nships were built that engaged in the Liverpool and West Indian\\ntrading, and the town was even a whaling port of some account.\\nDuring the latter part of the Revolutionary War, Newburgh and\\nFishkill were the center of the most active operations. This\\nmeant an increase of trade and wealth for both farmers and citi-\\nzens; and. as the place escaped direct devastation by the British,\\nafter the fall of the forts in the Highlands, it was in better condi-\\ntion than many other of the river villages to go ahead when\\npeace presented the opportunity. With the opening of this\\ncentury, Newburgh became a village separate from the town-\\n10", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "118 WEST POINT TO MEWBURGH.\\nship the third in the State to receive that distinction. It then\\nhad some 1,500 inhabitants, and contained several churches, an\\nacademy, a post office, newspaper (the Packet), a fire company,\\nand was filled with enterprise. Its citizens promoted and mainly\\nbuilt the Cochecton turnpike, which brought them a large\\namount of trade from the west which theretofore had gone to New\\nWindsor, and that ambitious rival was forever left behind. The\\nopening of other turnpikes followed, and Newburgh speedily\\nbecame the most important trading and export point on the river,\\nwhere the shipping was steadily increased to meet the growing\\ndemands of both passenger and freight traffic. Until 1830, sail-\\ning-vessels, chiefly sloops, carried the produce to New York, and\\nreturned with merchandise to be forwarded to the interior or\\nsold in the local shops; but after 1880 steamboats took their\\nplace for all local traffic, and those of the Newburgh lines were\\nthe crack boats of the day. The streets leading to the docks\\nwere frequently blocked for hours with farmers and freighters\\nwagons, coming in long processions from the interior of the State,\\nand even from Northern New Jersey and Pennsylvania, to deposit\\nand renew their loads at the wharves; and the turnpike resounded\\nwith clattering coaches, which ran thence to many interior towns,\\nand connected through them to the West; for the shortest route\\nfrom New York to Buffalo at that time was by way of Newburgh\\nand Ithaca.\\nBut the completion of the Erie Canal diverted most of this\\ngreat trade through other channels; and on the night when the\\nwaters of Lake Erie mingled with those of the Atlantic, in the\\nharbor of New York, with beacon-fires blazing on the headlands\\nalong the Hudson, Newburgh rolled up and laid away its map of\\nthe Southern Tier. Considerable travel by stage-coach continued\\nuntil tlie opening of railroads through the center of the State,\\nand a large trade remained with the southeastern portion of this\\nState and neighboring portions of New Jersey and Pennsylvania;\\nbut the Delaware Hudson Canal at length penetrated this\\nregion, and cut off another source of wealth. Efforts were made\\nto repair the loss thus sustained, by the organization of a company\\nto engage in whale-fishing, and by endeavoring to secure the\\nestablishment here of a Government navy-yard. The former\\nenterprise, however, met with limited success, and the proposal\\nto establish a navy-yard did not receive the favor of the Govei-n-\\nment. The construction of the Erie Railroad from Goshen to\\nPiermont, and its subsequent extension in other directions, took\\naway the last vestige of the ancient trade of Newburgh, and the\\nold stage-coaches, and the long lines of farmers wagons, with\\ntheir stores of butter and pork, became but a memory.\\nBut, adds the author of Newburgh from which the pre-\\nNewbukgu: Her Institutions, Industries, and Leading Citizens. By\\nJohn J. Nutt. Quarto, Illustrated, pp. 335. Newburgh: Ritchie Hull,\\n1891.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH. 119\\nceding words were quoted another change has come; a new\\nera has dawned; the tidal wave of prosperity that swept over\\nthe village 100 years ago has returned. The old turnpikes\\nhave been paralleled with railroads, stretching to us from every\\ndirection; and the river, too, gives communication with the\\nAtlantic Coast and all the world.\\nIn s2 )ort, Newburgh has always taken a prominent place. The\\nfirst general rowing regatta on the Hudson was held there in 1837,\\nsucceeded by others in 1840, 1841, and 1842, which excited great\\npublic interest. By this time, special oarsmen had been developed,\\nand the gay popular contests among amateurs degenerated into\\nraces between professionals, among whom were such leading men\\nas the Wards, the Donoghues. and others of international repute.\\nWalter Brown was also a Newburgh man; and the great sculling\\nrace between him and Hamill, run here in 1867, will be recalled by\\nboatmen. Yachting never reached so far, bat in the 70 s some\\ngood races were seen in the bay, and here, in 1877, catamarans\\nwere first admitted as a class. Speed-skating, as a sport, origi-\\nnated here, where June, Shaw, the Donoghues, and other famous\\nskaters won their first laurels, and then went forth to compete suc-\\ncessfully with Canadian and European champions; and here is\\nstill the headquarters of professional skating.\\nNewburgh is a station on the West Shore Railroad, and a ter-\\nminus of the Erie and of the New York, Ontario Western Rd.,\\nwhich connect, by ferry transfer, with the New York New\\nEngland Railroad on the other side of the river.\\nThe town has electric cars, which run from Balmville, north\\nof the city, to the southern extremity, and out Broadway to\\nOrange Lake, a picnic and fishing place seven miles west, and on\\nto Walden, on the Walkill Valley Rd., fourteen miles from New-\\nburgh. This line has cars, in summer, every half hour, and offers\\na pleasant excursion through charming scenery.\\nThe driving excursions possible in the neighborhood of\\nNewburgh are among its special attractions. Excellent roads run\\nin every direction through a district of country-seats and neat\\ndairy farms, here descending into some romantic glen, there com-\\ning out upon a knoll where the river and the mountains are dis-\\nplayed in some new aspect of beauty. Northward, two lovely\\nroads extend parallel for several miles, lined with well-kept\\nestates, some of which are remarkable for effects in landscape\\ngardening and scientific horticulture. Passing the site of Wie-\\ngaiuVs old log-house, where Wayne had his headquarters, and\\nHatliaioay Glen, the road comes to the balm-of -Gilead tree an\\nimmense and aged landmark, giving the name Balmville to the\\nsuburb. Here several roads diverge to New Paltz, Plattekill,\\n10", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "120 WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH.\\nModena, and other fruit-growing villages inland; to the up-river\\ntowns, and down along the shore past the convent of the Sacred\\nHeart and Roseton.\\nSouthward from Newburgh extend several other broad high-\\nways, with many connecting cross-roads. One traverses the man-\\nufacturing district along Quassaick Creek, and gets a glimpse\\nof the deep Vale of Avoca, where a treacherous attempt to capture\\nWashington at the house of a farmer was frustrated by the man s\\ndaughter and the general s cool precautions. A mile below the\\nvale, says Nutt, we pass through the ancient village of Kew\\nWindsor a little collection of houses on the river shore. The\\nplace is now given over to brick-making, but before and during\\nthe Revolution it was an important trading village. Its impor-\\ntance then exceeded Newburgh s, and it was predicted it would\\nbecome the chief city of the central Hudson Valley. A large\\ntown was mapped out, and the work of the projectors may be\\ntraced in the few remaining streets; but it has its principal exist-\\nence in old maps of record. In this little hamlet, Gen. James\\nClinton lived after his marriage, and here his son De Witt was\\ncradled. A mile below New Windsor village is Plum\\nPoint, a wooded promontory at the mouth of the Moodna,\\napproached over a natural causeway. On Plum Point, in the\\nearly part of the war for independence, was erected a battery of\\nfourteen guns, designed to assist in maintaining obstructions to\\nthe navigation of the river, which at this point consisted of a\\nchevaux-de-frise stretching across to Pollopel s Island. It was\\nknown in oflEicial orders as Capt. Machin s batteiy. Outlines of\\nits embrasures are still visible. In the vicinity of the battery are\\nthe remains of the cellar of the first dwelling-house in this county.\\nIts owner was Col. Patrick MacGregorie, a Scotch gentleman of\\nfortune, who was chosen leader of a company of persecuted\\nPresbyterians, who emigrated from Scotland, and settled on this\\nbeautiful spot.\\nThe northern side of Plum Point is washed by the waters of\\nWaoraneck, or Murderer s Creek, to which Willis has fastened the\\nprettier name Moodna. One of its tributaries falls from the\\ngrounds of his home, Idlewild, which is in full view from\\nthe point where the road crosses the stream, at the mouth of a\\ndeep glen. This road continues southward to Cornwall, and on", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBURGF. 121\\nover the mountains; or one may turn up tlie Moodna Valley,\\nvisit the former headquarters of Lafayette, see the place at the\\nfoot of Forge Hill where the chain that crossed the Hudson at\\nWest Point was partly put together; and, ascending to the old con-\\ntinental road, on the table-land of New Windsor, visit the famous\\nEllison Rouse, a partly stoue, partly frame mansion, built in 1754\\nby Col. Thomas Ellison (whose earlier residence, near the river,\\nhas been mentioned as Washington s headquarters in 1779), in\\nwhich Gens. Knox, Gates, Greene, and other officers had a mili-\\ntary residence at different periods during the active operations\\nhere, between 1779 and 1783. It is an excellent example of a sub-\\nstantial, old-fashioned rural home of the better class, and remains\\nvery much as it appeared when the brilliant Mrs. Knox gave a\\nparty there at which the highest officers of the Continental army\\nand all the sparkling belles and gracious dames of this country-\\nside were entertained. Not far above was the great cantonment\\nof the army during the winter of 1782-83, where, in the large\\npublic building on Temple Hill, peace w^as proclaimed to the\\nsoldiers, and wdience they marched home on furloughs which\\nbecame perpetual. Many traces of that eventful occupation still\\nremain upon the ground, which is skirted by the Erie Railroad s\\nbranches (with a convenient station at VaiVs Gate); and a large\\nfield-monument has been erected by the people of the neighbor-\\ning towns, under the guidance of the learned local historian,\\nE. M. Ruttenber. All this historic ground is within five miles of\\nNewburgh or Cornwall, and the vicinity of Fishkill is scarcely\\nless interesting.\\nThis fitly introduces the object of chief interest to the stranger\\nin Newburgh:\\nWashington s headquarters.\\nThis building, which now forms a Jiistorical museum of great\\nvalue, is situated in the southern-central part of the city, and\\nderives its interest from the fact that it was occupied by George\\nWashington, as the general headquarters of the Northern army,\\nfrom April, 1782, to August, 1783. It stands in plain view from\\nthe river, or the Fishkill shore, upon an eminence, the brow of\\nwdiich is adorned by the new Toioer of Victory, sheltering a statue\\nof the commander-in-chief. Liberty Street trolley-cars pass the gate.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "123 WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH,\\nThis house was the home of Jonathan Hasbrouck, a farmer,\\nmiller, merchant, and leading man in the community; and here,\\nin the early days of the Revolution, many meetings of supervisors\\nand committees of safety were held, and the militia assembled\\nwhenever called upon for local service, as often happened. The\\nnortheast corner of the building is the oldest portion, and was\\nerected by Hasbrouck in 1750; the southeast corner was added in\\n1760, the west half in 1770, and the whole embraced under\\none roof, the structure of which, as shown in the attic, will inter-\\nest all builders. The west, or southwest, view is said to give a\\nbetter idea of Ihe house as it appeared at the time of its occupa-\\ntion by Washington, the west being the true front of the building\\non Liberty Street, then the King s highway, or old public road.\\nAs described by men who were familiar with the premises from\\nboyhood, there was a front yard on Liberty Street, -while immedi-\\nately south of the house were the barns. East was the family\\ngarden, beyond which, between the house and river, was the\\nfamily burial-plot in which Col. Hasbrouck was buried.\\nThe property w^as bought by the State of New York in 1849,\\nand placed under the care of a board of trustees, to be preserved\\nas a memorial. It was dedicated in 1850, with impressive\\nceremonies, Maj.-Gen. Winfield S. Scott formally raising the\\nflao-, while an ode was sung. The house has been restored, and\\nmaintained in repair, as closely like its original condition, within\\nand without, as possible, and is stored with a large and exceed-\\ningly interesting collection of furniture, accouterments, docu-\\nments, and miscellaneous historical relics, mainly belonging to\\nthe revolutionary period. It is under the care of a superintendent,\\nand is open, free, to the public every week day.\\nA descriptive catalogue, prepared by Dr. E. M. Ruttenber, is\\nsold (price 25 cents), from the preface to which the following\\nfacts are selected; it should be purchased by all visitors (the\\nbound copies, 50 cents, contain a historical appendix), not only\\nbecause of its intrinsic value, but as a modest contribution to the\\nfunds for maintaining the museum.\\nOn the 4th of April, 1782, Washington made this building his\\nheadquarters, and remained here until August 18, 1783. While\\nhere, he passed through the most trying period of the Revolution\\nthe year of inactivity on the part of Congress, of distress through-\\nout the country, and of complaint and discontent in the army,\\nthe latter at one time bordering on revolt among the officers and\\nsoldiers; but a period, nevertheless, marked by victories more sub-\\nstantial than those which had been won in the field, as well as by\\nthe successful culmination of the long and heroic struggle for\\nnational independence.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH. 123\\nThe general and his family occupied the entire house. The\\nlarge room entered from the piazza on the east was Washing-\\nton s dining-room; the northeast room was his bedroom, and the\\none adjoining it on the left was his private office. The family\\nroom was in the southeast, the parlor in the northwest, the\\nkitchen in the southwest corner. Though one of the largest\\nhouses of the region, it was so small that a guest could only be\\naccommodated by placing a camp-bed in the parlor, as was done\\non special occasions. Such a guest, in December, 1782, was the\\nMarquis de Chastellux, one of Rochambeau s officers, wlio has\\nleft the only authoritative account of the domestic life and\\nhospitality of Gen. and Mrs. Washington under these cramped\\nconditions. This officer was struck, moreover, by the admirable\\ndiscipline at headquarters. When one sees, he remarks, a\\nbattalion of the general s guard encamped within the precincts of\\nhis house; nine wagons, destined to carry his baggage, ranged in\\nhis court; a great number of grooms taking care of very fine\\nhorses belonging to the general officers and their aids-decamp;\\nwhen one observes the perfect order that reigns within these\\nprecincts, where the guards are exactly stationed, and where the\\ndrums beat an alarm and a particular retreat, one is tempted to\\napply to the Americans what Pyrrhus said of the Romans:\\nTruly these people have nothing barbarous in their discipline.\\nThe papers and relics within and without the house are\\nworthy of special examination. The credit for their collection is\\nlargely due to the late Enoch Carter of Newburgh, but many\\naccessions have been the gift of others. The printed catalogue\\ngives a particular description of each, and most objects are intel-\\nligently labeled.\\nThe block of hrownstone near the entrance is a monument over\\nthe grave of Uzal Knapp, the last survivor of Washington s Life\\nGuard, who died in 1856, ninety-six years old.\\nThe Life Guards were stationed a few rods northwest of Wash-\\nington s headquarters. They were all native Americans, sober,\\nyoung, active, and well made, the pick of the army, and none\\nless than five feet nine inches tall. Their uniform consisted of a\\nblue coat, with white facings, white waistcoat and breeches,\\nblack stock and black half-gaiters, and a round hat with blue and\\nwhite feather. The motto of the corps was, Conquer or Die.\\nTheir number was about sixty. William Colfax was the captain\\ncommandant.\\nThe Tower of Victory is a memorial monument of artistic\\ninterest, standing on the northeast corner of the Headquarters\\nground, and overlooking the river, from which it is well seen.\\nIt is the result of a movement the design of which was to mark", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "124 WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH.\\nnot only that spot, but also the encampment grounds at New\\nWindsor and Fishkill. The final decision was to erect here a\\nsingle monument, and the matter was placed in the hands of a\\ncommittee of Congress and the Secretary of War, who approved\\nplans submitted by Maurice J. Power of New York, drawn by\\nJohn H. Duncan, architect.\\nIt is a stone tower, fifty-three feet high, with four large arch-\\nways that open into an atrium, and stairways leading into a belve-\\ndere. In the center of the atrium is a bronze statue of Washing-\\nton, copied fiom Houdon s celebrated model by O Donovan.\\nResting in niches in the walls are four bronze figures represent-\\ning four arms of the service in the army of the Revolution\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\ndragoon, the artilleryman, the rifleman, and the line officer\\ndressed in costumes of the times. Four large bronze gates, bear-\\ning seals and coat s-of -arms of the thirteen original Slates, guard\\nthe approach to the atrium, and are raised and lowered by jwrt-\\ncullis. A bronze tablet is set on the exterior east wall, with a\\nfigure of Peace in relief. It bears this inscription: This monu-\\nment was erected under the authority of the Congress of the\\nUnited States, and of the State of New York, in conimemoration\\nof the disbandment, under proclamation of tlie Continental Con-\\ngress of October 18, 1783, of the armies by whose patriotic ?ntl\\nmilitary virtue our national independence and sovereignty were\\nestablished. The total cost was $67,000.\\nThe view from the belvedere of this tower well repays the\\nexertion of climbing the stairways. It extends up-river to where\\nthe New Hamburgh shore bends out of view behind Low Point.\\nNow the eye sweeps along a sparsely settled shore, down past\\nFishkill (opposite), and follows the rampart of the Beacon Hills\\nto where the rough ridges of BreakneckMountainfall steeply down,\\nopposite the precipices of Storm King. The gap between the\\ntw^o is half filled by the ugly little heap of rocks and brush form-\\ning Pollopel s Island, and beyond it the eye sees, far down the\\nstream, the promontory of West Point; and still farther, the\\ncurving eastern shore behind Anthony s Nose. The rounded bulk\\nof Storm King is here lifted up to the best advantage, with the\\nhouses and gardens of Cornwall scattered like some quaint\\ninscription along its base, and the massive front overhead,\\nscarred by a hundred wintry water-courses, rounding down\\nwith simple dignity to where the Hudson rolls against its deeply\\nburied base. Beyond is Cro Nest, equally massive, and the two\\nare like the paired paw^s of some colossal sphinx crouching upon", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "WEST iPOINT TO NEWBtJIlGIt. 125\\nthe bank, while its head towers invisible into the vault of heaven.\\nBeneath, pigmy ships go sailing, and over them whirl the clouds,\\nbut their passive majesty is unruffled. Inland from these noble\\nheadlands, lofty and rugged summits stretch southwestward into\\nOrange County, and the blue rampart of Schunemunk Mount\\nlises across the head of the valley westward, with Chattoes Hill\\nas a landmark nearer the city.\\nFishkill is a term which applies in a general way to all the\\nshore opposite Newburgh, and to the whole valley of ihe\\nMatteawan, or Fishkill Creek, along the base of the Fishkill\\nMountains. The visible settlement at the ferry and railway sta-\\ntion is Fishkill Landing, or, in the more high-sounding modern\\nphrase, Fishkill-on-Hudson. Two miles inland, this village blends\\nwith the pleasant manufacturing town Matteawan, and three\\nmiles farther up-stream is the ancient settlement which was\\nthe original Fishkill, and is now distinguished as Mshkill Vil-\\nlage. The two last named are stations on the Newburgh, Dutch-\\ness Connecticut Railroad, which connects with the Hudson\\nRiver Railroad at Dutchess Junction, two miles south of Fishkill\\nLanding. There are also electric cars to Fishkill village.\\nTiie railway station and landing of the steam ferry to New-\\nburgh (fare 9 cents), at Fishkill Landing, are in connected build-\\nings. Here, also, the line of electric street-cars may be taken,\\nwhich will carry the passenger through Matteawan to Fishkill\\nVillage. Fishkill Landing and Matteawan together contain some\\n12,000 people, and are busy in trade and manufactures, especially\\nat Matteawan, where the water-power of the picturesque stream is\\nutilized by factories that are overshadowed by elms, and look out\\nupon lovely landscapes that must go far to compensate for con-\\nfinement at desk and loom within their walls.\\nHistorically, Fishkill is full of interesting associations. The\\ndistrict was purchased from the Indians toward the end of the\\nseventeenth century, and the earliest pioneers of Dutchess County\\nwere living at the mouth of Fishkill Creek previous to 1700. By\\nthe time of the opening of the Revolution, however, the whole\\nPiedmont district was well-cultivated, populous, and prosperous,\\nwith a community mainly Dutch and English.\\nFishkill Village, Jluttenher writes, was then the largest\\nand most important place in Dutchess County, and most", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "126 WEST POINT TO NEWBURGH.\\nfavorably situated for communication with the Eastern States,\\nwhile its proximity to the forts in the Highlands rendered it not\\nonly one of convenience, but one that could readily be covered\\nagainst marauding attacks by the enemy. These considerations\\nled to its selection (August 28, 1776) as the place to\\nwhich should be removed the treasury and archives of the\\nState, and as the place for holding the subsequent sessions of the\\nProvincial Convention [which had been driven out of New York].\\nAlmost immediately following (August 14th), it was resolved to\\nquarter troops here, establish hospitals, depots for provisions,\\netc., and convert the place into an armed encampment. From\\nthat time until the war closed some portion of the army was\\nconstantly here, and its invalid-camp was never without occu-\\npants. The two old churches the Reformed Dutch and the\\nEpiscopal remain, as well as many of the old residences, includ-\\ning the Wharton House, where the Committee of Safety held its\\nmeetings; the Verplanck House, headquarters of SteulDen, who\\nused the level plateau near the river, at the foot of the mountains,\\nas a drilling-ground; the BrinckerJioff House, headquarters of\\nWashington; tlie Breit (or Teller) House, which was built in 1709\\nas the manor-house of the great Rumbout patent; and other\\nhistorical buildings are still preserved.\\nAt that time, the present Fishkill Landing was represented by\\na small wharf at Denning s Point, the shady little peninsula with\\na white house among the trees jutting out from the shore a mile\\nsouth of the present long steamboat wharf. Denning s Point was\\nthen owned and occupied by Capt. William Denning, an influen-\\ntial patriot and army officer; and it was there the original New-\\nburgh ferry (which had existed under charter for many years\\npreviously) made its landing. Two great oaks stood on the\\npoint, widely known as the Washington oaks, as a reminder of\\nthat time; but one of them was blown down a few years ago. In\\nearly times the present main road up the hill did not exist, but\\nthe road from the landing was that which leads inland north of\\nthe present station. The Verplanck House still stands, with some\\nadditions, on the turnpike to Poughkeepsie, about 1% miles\\nnorth of the railway station, and half-a-mile back from the river.\\nIt was not only occupied by Baron Steuben, but within its walls\\nwas framed the constitution of the Society of the Cincinnati,\\nwhich was practically organized at Newburgh.\\nThe Beacon Hills. The finely sculptured range of elevations\\nextending northeastward from here, and forming the front of the\\nHighlands on this side, are known as the Fishkill Mountains, or\\nBeacon Hills. The last name is due to the fact that in the Revo-\\nlution some of their peaks were prominent stations for the beacons,\\nor signal-fires, which were intended to give warning of any\\napproach by an enemy.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "WEST POINT TO NEWBUKGH. 127\\nThe beacon-pyres were pyramidal in form, made of logs\\nfilled ill with brush and inflammable materials, and carried\\nto a height of thirty feet; and that upon Butter HilL gave the\\nfirst signal, to which the others were subordinate. The lofty\\npeak beyond Matteawan, and south of the deep gap in the range\\nthere, is still known as the North Beacon. South of it, three-\\nquarters of a mile distant, is South Beacon. The latter is the\\nhigher of the two (1,685 feet), and is the big overtopping hill seen\\ndirectly west from the railroad or river when at, or opposite,\\nDenning s Point and Dutchess Junction; it is not visible from\\nFishkill or Matteawan, being hidden by the long ridge of Nortli\\nBeacon. It can be ascended without much difficulty almost any-\\nwhere, but most easily from near the terminus of the electric road\\nin Matteawan. Here a road leads up the gulch separating Norih\\nBeacon (on the right) from Fishkill Mountain. About a mile from\\nthe village it forks, and the right branch (which is to be followed)\\ncrosses the brook and ascends a side valley dividing North Beacon\\nfrom Lamb s Hill. Half-a-mile more, in the course of which one\\ngets some very interesting outlooks eastward over the Hudson,\\nNewburgh, and the adjacent country, brings the walker to the\\nreservoir of the Fishkill and Matteawan Water Company, and to\\nBeacon Inn, the house of the guardian, who sells materials for\\na mountain luncheon, edible, potable, and fumaceous, and is\\nvery accommodating in respect to information. North Beacon\\nis the height behind the cabin, and the road curves to the right,\\nand leads directly to its top. South Beacon is half-a-mile away,\\nacross the reservoir, but will repay the climber with a much\\nwider view. Thus far, a stout carriage can come with little difli-\\nculty in good weather. The path to South Beacon follows the\\nshore around the south side of the reservoir to its farthest point,\\nwhere there is a clearing made by wood-cutters, and then, turn-\\ning to the right, goes straight up to the summit a steep but not\\nhard climb. The peak is a cap of bare rocks, and overlooks not\\nonly a long stretch of the Hudson Valley and the Newburgh\\nregion, but a large part of Dutchess County northward, and\\nalmost the whole of Putnam County southward, with a big patch\\nof the river near Peekskill. Watchers here could therefore see\\nmore than at any other point in the Highlands east of the river.\\nA cool day should be chosen for the ascent, as shade is deficient.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "NEWBURGH TO POUGHKEEPSIE.\\nThe Hudson above Newburgh is a scene of quiet beauty and\\ninterest for many miles, with the hmdscape astern taking on a\\nnew charm as distance mellows the picture. The river gradually\\nnarrows, and the channel is once more in the center of the stream.\\nAt Low Point, or Carthage Landing, is a village and railway\\nstation on the east side, with a straight road to Fishkill Village.\\nOpposite is the small brick-making settlement of Boseton, or\\nMiddlehope, a mile above which the house of Bancroft Davis may\\nbe seen, close above the railway, with the Armstrong mansion a\\nlittle beyond. Here the boat s course follows the river, in a bend\\nto the right, around Low Point; and there appears ahead, upon\\nthe left, a rocky headland with wall-like fronts of white rock.\\nThis crag has long been known as the Danskammer, or Devil s\\nDance-hall a name going back to the voyage of Henry Hudson.\\nThe devils referred to are Indians, who were accustomed to\\nmeet here for councils, merrymakings, etc., always accompanied\\nby dancing about the camp-fire, when they seemed fiends incar-\\nnate to the witch-fearing Calvinistic Dutchman. This point\\nwas the boundary-line between the jurisdictions of New Amster-\\ndam and Fort Orange (Albany); and Ilamj^ton Point, half-a-mile\\nabove, is the place where now the northern boundary of Orange\\nCounty comes to the river and the southern border of Ulster\\nCounty. No county crosses the river; and on the east, Dutchess\\ncontinues as far north as Tivoli.\\nHaving passed the Danskamer, the pretty vale of\\nNew Hamburgh one of the old Palatinate settlements\u00e2\u0080\u0094 opens\\nto view on the right, where Wappinger s Creek, named after the\\npowerful Wappinger Indians, comes in from the northeast, and is\\ncrossed by the Hudson River Railroad upon a drawbridge. This\\nvalley is the home of many summer residents of wealth and\\nsocial station. Resuming here the more truly northward course,\\nthe steamer is soon passing the bluff shores of Marlborough,\\nwhose spires can be seen at the head of the gorge of the Maune-\\n(128)", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "", "height": "1514", "width": "5125", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "NEWBURGII TO POUGHKEEPSIE. 129\\nkill, in the opeuiug of which is the railway station and steamboat\\nlanding. This was one of the towns bombarded when the British\\nwent up the river. It is now a thriving village, which sends a\\ngreat quantity of fruit to the city, and welcomes summer\\nboarders. The hilly bank opposite, for two or three miles above\\nNew Hamburg!], is dotted with the fine country-houses of the\\nVan Hcusselaers; S. W. Johnson at Uplands J. F. Sheafe at\\nIlighClifT Irving Grinnell, on the river l)rink, at Nether-\\nwood Dr. J. Lenox Banks at The Cedars the house with a\\nsquare white tower and many others. Still farther north, the\\ntower of Elkhorn, the residence of Prof. R. II. Bull, will\\nattract attention.\\nA few miles farther brings the traveler to Milton, another\\nlittle fruit-yielding port and village, among the hills on the west-\\nern side. The West Shore Railroad has a station here, and the\\nHudson River Railroad one opposite, whence a traveler may be\\nset across by l)oatmen. jNIilton is coming to be a great favorite\\nwith summer residents. Readers of the illustrated magazines\\nwill be glad to know that this village was the early liome of Mary\\nIlallock Foote, the artist-author, who learned among the old\\nQuaker families the facts and local color of those stories of primi-\\ntive life among the Friends which have delighted her readers.\\nMilton s wharf is piled high with the crates in which strawberries,\\nraspberries, currants, grapes, and other small fruits are sent by\\nsteamboat to the city.\\nOff westward may be seen the serrated summits of the Shtwdii-\\ngmik Range (pronounced Shawngum trending northward at\\nthe headwaters of the AVallkill.\\nICE AND THE ICE HAR^ EST.\\nIt is in this part of the Hudson River that ice-houses begin to\\nattract attention, that at IMarlborough being the first of a long\\nline of immense storehouses that line the banks of the river,\\nespecially on the western side, all the way to the head of naviga-\\ntion, and which form a feature of the scenery more conspicuous\\nthan ornamental. These are the storehouses in which the gar-\\nnered harvest of the river is stored, to be sent to New York and\\nother cities, in barges, as it is needed; and the Hudson is the\\ngreat highway to the market.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "|iHi|l", "height": "1627", "width": "5491", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "130 NEWBURGH TO POUGHKEEPSIE.\\nNo man sows, writes John Burroughs, yet many men\\nreap a harvest from the Hudson. Not the least important is the\\nice harvest, which is eagerly looked for and counted upon by\\nhundreds, yes thousands, of laboring-men along its course. Ice\\nor no ice sometimes means bread or no bread to scores of fami-\\nlies, and it means added or diminished comfort to many more.\\nIt is a crop that takes two or three weeks of rugged weather to\\ngrow, and, if the water is very roily or brackish, even longer. It\\nis seldom worked till it presents seven or eight inches of clear-\\nwater ice. Men go out from time to time and examine it, as the\\nfarmer goes out and examines his grain or grass, to see when it\\nwill do to cut. If there comes a deep fall of snow, the ice is\\npricked so as to let the water up through, and form snow ice.\\nA band of fifteen or twenty men, about a yard apart, each armed\\nwith a chisel-bar, and marching in line, puncture the ice at each\\nstep with a single sharp thrust. To and fro they go, leaving a\\nbelt behind them that presently becomes saturated with water.\\nBut ice, to be first quality, must grow from beneath, not from\\nabove. It is a crop quite as uncertain as any other. A good\\nyield every two or three years, as they say of wheat out West, is\\nabout all that can be counted upon. When there is an abundant\\nharvest, after the ice-houses are filled, they stack great tiuantities\\nof it, as the farmer stacks his surplus hay. Such a fruitful win-\\nter was that of 74-75, when the ice formed twenty inches thick.\\nThe stacks are given only a temporary covering of boards, and\\nare the first ice removed in the season.\\nThe cutting and gathering of the ice enlivens these broad,\\nwhite, desolate fields amazingly. My house happens to stand\\nwhere I look down upon the busy scene, as from a hilltop upon\\na river meadow in haying time; only here the figures stand out\\nmuch more sharply than they do from a summer meadow. There\\nis the broad, straight, blue-black canal emerging into view, and\\nrunning nearly across the river; this is the highway that Jays\\nopen the farm. On either side lie the fields or ice meadows, each\\nmarked out by cedar or hemlock boughs. The further one is cut\\nfirst, and, when cleared, shows a large, long, black parallelogram\\nin the midst of the plain of snow. Then the next one is cut,\\nleaving a strip or tongue of ice between the two for the horses to\\nmove and turn upon. Sometimes nearly two hundred men and\\nboys, with numerous horses, are at work at once, marking, plowing,\\nplaning, scraping, sawing, hauling, chiseling; some floating down\\nthe pond on great square islands towed by a horse or their fellow\\nworkmen; others distributed along the canal, bending to their ice-\\nhooks; others upon the bridges, separating the blocks with their\\nchisel -bars; others feeding the elevators; while knots and strag-\\ngling lines of idlers here and there look on in cold discontent,\\nunable to get a job.\\nThe best crop of ice is an early crop. Late in the season, or\\nafter January, the ice is apt to get sun-struck, when it becomes", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "NEWBURGH TO POUGHKEEPSIE. 131\\nshaky, like a piece of poor tiuiber. The sun, when lie sets\\nabout destroying the ice, does not simply melt it from the surface\\nthat were a slow process; but he sends his shafts into it and\\nseparates it into spikes and needles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in short, makes kindling-\\nwood of it, so as to consume it the quicker.\\nOne of the prettiest sights about the ice harvesting is the eleva-\\ntor in operation [lifting the ice into the storehouse]. When all\\nworks well there is an unbroken procession of the great crystal\\nblocks slowly ascending this incline. They go up in couples, arm in\\narm, as it were, like friends up a stairway, glowing and changing\\nin the sun, and recalling the precious stones that adorn the walls\\nof the celestial city. When they reach the platform where they\\nleave the elevator, they seem to slip off like things of life and voli-\\ntion; they are still in pairs, and separate only as they enter upon\\ntheir runs. But here they have an ordeal to pass through, for\\nthey are subjected to a rapid inspection, and the black sheep are\\nseparated from the flock; every square with a trace of sediment or\\nearth-stain in it, whose texture is not the perfect and unclouded\\ncrystal, is rejected and sent hurling down into the abyss; a man\\nwith a sharp eye in his head, and a sharp ice-hook in his hand,\\npicks out the impure and fragmentary ones as they come along,\\nand sends them quickly overboard. Those that pass the exami-\\nnation glide into the building along the gentle incline, and are\\nswitched off here and there upon branch runs, and distributed to\\nall parts of the immense interior.\\nThis business is one of the largest and most remarkable indus-\\ntries of the Hudson River and vicinity, the tonnage alone\\namounting in storage capacity to nearly three millions of tons\\nyearly. Of this immense quantity, the Knickerbocker Ice Com-\\npany of New York to whose treasurer, Mr. S, O. Reeves, the\\nwriter is indebted for these statistics stores fully one-half. The\\nindustry affords employment during the ice-harvesting season to\\ngreat numbers of men, and that mainly in the season when no\\nother occupation is available to the laboring classes in the river\\ncounties, as many as 15,000 or 20,000 men being employed\\nat times, when the harvesting is active, and the work goes\\non uninterruptedly. The time occupied in gathering this\\nenormous quantity is necessarily lengthy, averaging thirty days in\\nthe season, much of the time being reeded for snow-scraping and\\ncultivating the ice, preparatory to housing it. The revenue\\nthus derived from the ice dealers forms an important factor in the\\ngeneral interests of trade along the Hudson Yalley, where no\\nworse disaster, commercially, could happen than a failure of the\\ncrop. The business in this section was inaugurated in 1831, when\\n11", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "133 NEWBURGH TO POUGHKEEPSIE.\\nice was first taken to New York City from Rockland Lake, as has\\nalready been stated.\\nTlie hole in the ground, in which the beginners tried to keep\\ntheir ice from melting, has given way to these immense store-\\nhouses, holding variously from 7,000 to 70,000 tous, and upward.\\nThe hand-wagon has given way to the large and expensive\\nspring-wagon, over 600 of which are in daily use by the Knicker-\\nbocker Ice Company alone, and probably as many more by the rest\\nof the ice dealers in New York City and vicinity; the freighting\\nby sloop has given way to a wonderful fleet of ice-barges,\\nespecially built and adapted for the carrying and preservation of\\nice in transitu, and many tugs whose ponderous tows render the\\nscene on the river picturesque, night and day. The capital has\\ngrown from the first $2,000, invested in 1830 at Rockland Lake,\\nto upward of |5,000,000, in New York City, Brooklyn, and\\nadjacent places. From such small beginnings has the ice indus-\\ntry augmented until it now challenges comparison with the ton-\\nnage importation of all other foreign or domestic commercial\\nindustries whose mart is the great metropolis of the New World,\\nLong before this, the great cantilever bridge spanning the\\nriver at Poughkecpsie has excited admiration in every eye, for its\\ndelicate lines do not disturb the beauty of the landscape.\\nThe corner-stone of this bridge was laid as early as 1873, but\\nconstruction proceeded no farther at that time. It was re-begun\\nin September, 1886, and was finished January 1, 1889. The\\nbuilder was the Union Bridge Company. It is entirely for rail-\\nway service, and has a double track, with a foot-path which is not\\nyet open to the public. The bridge is 12,608 feet, or about 2^\\nmiles, long, reaching from highland to highland, at an elevation\\nof 212 feet above the water. One or two athletes, seeking money\\nand notoriety, have allowed themselves to drop from its center,\\nand survived the foolhardy feat. The breadth of the river under\\nthe bridge is 6,767 feet from pier to pier. The cost was about\\n$3,500,000, and the present owner is a company operating in the\\ninterest of the Philadelphia Reading Railroad Co.\\nPresently the spires and southern suburbs of Poughkeepsie\\nappear on the eastern shore; and here, one house, standing between\\nthe river and the highway in a fine open spot where its square\\ncentral tower is readily perceived, should not be overlooked,\\nsince it is Locust Grove, once the home of Prof. 8. F. B. Morse,\\nwho made practicable for us the invention of the electric tele-\\ngraph. The great Kaal Rock is passed, where tradition says the\\nearly burghers of the town used to sit, and hail the sloops for\\nnews as they drifted by, and which is now crowned with the old", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "11", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "NEWBURGH TO POUGHKEEPSIE. 133\\nbrick buildings of Matthew Yassar s first brewery, whence, after a\\nwhile came the hospital, the young ladies college, and other good\\nworks of that genial philanthropist; and the steamer slows up\\nunder the shadow of the great bridge at the bustling wharf of\\nPoughkeepsie. Poughkeepsie (pronounced Po-ki p-sie) sit-\\nuated advantageously about half-way between New York and\\nAlbany, is referred to by local chroniclers as the Queen City of\\nthe Hudson. Its population is reported at about 24,000, which\\nis said now to be a trifle less than Newburgh s. From its\\nfoundation by the Dutch as a village, at the end of the last\\ncentury, Poughkeepsie has always been a leading point on the\\nriver as a business and social center. The State Legislature met\\nin it in 1777 and 1778, when the British held New York; and here\\nalso the State Convention for the ratification of the Federal Con-\\nstitution met, holding debates in which Gov. Clinton, John Jay,\\nand Alexander Hamilton took part. It is the shire town of\\nDutchess County; and it has attracted to it, and maintained, an\\naverage quality of citizenship and sociality that is not surpassed\\nby any other town in the State. In fact, the society has been of\\nso high an order, and so secure in wealth, or competence, that at\\ntimes its preference for home-like ease over dashing activity has\\nbeen thought a barrier to the rapid business progress the town\\nmight have secured; but this tendency is not so apparent now.\\nThe community in some directions was never laggard, however.\\nIt was early at the front in the educational line, and has always\\nbeen noted for the number and character of its different schools.\\nAmong those which now exist are Yasmr College^ the first institution\\nwhich gave to girls the advantages of a complete liberal educa-\\ntion, ^vAEastman College, a pioneer in the commercial field. Both\\nthese schools hold their high rank and celebrity undiminished,\\nboth for the number of their students and for the fact that almost\\nall the nations of the world contribute to the names on their cata-\\nlogues.\\nVassar College, named after its munificent founder, Mat-\\nthew Vassar, is, indeed, the most widely known fact in connection\\nwith the city. It occupies a series of large brick buildings in the\\nmidst of an extensive and beautiful park, on high ground, two\\nmiles back from the river; and can not be seen from either the\\nboats or railway, the imposing building on an eminence in the\\nrear of the city, usually supposed to be its building, bein^ a", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "134 NEWBURGH TO POUGHKEEPSIE.\\nformer scliool -house, now otherwise occupied. The Main Street\\ntrolley cars go out to the college every 12 minutes (fare 5 cents).\\nApart from the general interest of the institution, its library and\\nnatural history and art museums are well worth a visit. The\\nzoological collection, mainly the work of the late Prof. James\\nOrton, is unusually large and instructive; it is strong in ornithol-\\nogy, more espeeially in the birds of South America, where Orton\\nbecame famous as a scientific explorer, and wrote one of the fore-\\nmost books upon the Amazon region.\\nEastman Park\u00e2\u0080\u0094 beautiful gardens open to the public\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is an\\nornament to the city which should be seen. The city also possesses\\na capital Public Library, for both reference and circulation,\\nwith a reading-room attached, and an annex devoted to law books.\\nIt occupies a beautiful new marble building on Market Street.\\nThere are also a Young Men s and a Young Women s Christian\\nAssociation, in the former of which the reading-room is a popular\\nfeature. Vassar Brothers Institute is a worthy foundation endowed\\nfor scientific and literary culture. There arc also a number of cl ubs\\nand club-houses, of which the Amrita, the Duchess, and the Bicycle\\nClub arc the most conspicuous. Other institutions are various\\nreligious and benevolent organizations, and the Vassar Ilospitdl,\\nconspicuous from the river upon a hillock in the southern part of\\nthe city, which is described as one of the most completely\\nequipped and liberally endowed in the country. The churches are\\nnumerous, and represent all the chief denominations. There is an\\nopera-house accommodating 2,300 people which John B. Gough\\ncalled the most interesting audience-room of its size he had ever\\nseen\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and other public halls. The militia have a fine armory.\\nJournalism has always flourished in Poughkeepsie. Four\\ndaily newspapers, which also issue weeklies, are now published,\\nand one semi-weekly and two Sunday papers.\\nThe street-railway system connects the railroad stations, steam-\\nboat lauding, and Vassar College, reaches the northern suburbs,\\nand extends south along Broadway to Wappingers Falls (see\\npage 136). These trolley cars pass the court-house, the post-\\noffice, the public library, and the principal hotels Nelson and\\nMorgan houses (single fare, 5 cents).\\nThe water of the city is taken from the Hudson, far out from\\nshore is thoroughly filtered, and is believed to be as good as any\\ncity can hope to procure. The sewerage system, owmg to the\\ntopography of the city s site, is absolutely perfect, and much care", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "NEWBURGII TO POUGHKEEPSIE. 135\\nis taken to keep it so. Consequently, Poughkeepsie is a veiy\\nhealthful town. The city is lighted by electric lamps at intervals\\nof 500 feet in all the streets, and has incandescent lights and gas\\nfor in-door service. Within a few years the erection of a Driving\\nTrack and the removal of the Dutchess County Fair from the\\ncenter of the county to this city has added a new and welcome\\nfeature. Driving for amusement is, indeed, one of the foremost\\npleasures of life here, as in other towns on this side of the Hudson,\\nwhere the splendid roads are suitable for speeding; and inspiring\\nlandscapes and the sight of fine estates lend a varying interest\\nto any excursion, especially on the Hyde Park and the Fishkill\\nroads. In the winter this place is the headquarters of Ice Boating,\\nand its craft in that line are unsurpassed for beauty and speed.\\nThe free space on the river here, and the extended view one\\nobtains of it both to the north and south are aids in making it\\na select place for this sport. Thirteen miles east of Pough-\\nkeepsie, and a station on the Newburgh, Dutchess Connecticut\\nRailroad, is Millbrook, a summer resort of people of note and\\nwealth, which has made the farm land there worth in mnny\\nplaces $3,000 and upward an acre. It is fast becoming another\\nLenox.\\nPoughkeepsie has a considerable wdiolesale trade, and its\\nmanufactures are constantly increasing. This is due to its\\nfavorable situation as respects both water and land lines of trans-\\nportation. Four steamboat lines furnish passage to New York,\\ntwo to Albany, two to Newburgh, and two to Kingston. The\\nriver is navigable to these wharves for the largest vessels, and the\\nriver freight-boats have always been well patronized. Small\\nsteamboats make frequent trips between Poughkeepsie and the\\nvarious little landings along the river, northward to Rondout and\\nsouthward as far as Newburgh. A steam-ferry connects the city\\nwith Highland, opposite, where country roads concentrate at an\\nold village landing and the West Shore Railroad Station.\\nPoughkeepsie is the principal station, between New York and\\nAlbany, on the Hudson River Railroad, all express trains stop-\\nping here, and many of them for that 10-minute lunch in the\\nstation restaurant so familiar to travelers. The completion of the\\ngreat bridge has brought here a branch of the New England\\nRailroad, while the Philadelphia, Reading New England Rail-\\nroad runs trains across the bd idge between Hartford, Conn.,\\nand Eastern Pennsylvania. By means of this bridge and the\\nconnecting railroads, coal has been reduced to the lowest figure,\\nmany new markets have been opened to Poughkeepsie s mer-\\nchants and manufacturers, and a great impetus given to the city s\\ngrowth and prosperity.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "136 NEWBURGn TO POUGIIKEEPSIE.\\nThe Buckeye Mower is perhaps the most famous article made\\nhere, and it is sold all over the world. Added to 1 his great fac-\\ntory, are the Pha3nix Horse-Shoe Works, an iron works, a glass\\nworks, two large shoe factories. Lane Bros. door hangings and\\ncoffee-mill concern, the Fall Kill Knitting Works, a silk thread\\nfactory, and a large number of small miscellaneous shops, includ-\\ning that of the De Laval Separator Company, which makes a\\npeculiar machine for the separation of cream from milk, and also\\na somewhat remarkable churn; it came to Poughkeepsie from\\nSweden, and is giving much enterprise to its new work here.\\nThe city contains six excellent banks and one savings bank,\\nand long-distance telephones connect it with Albany and New\\nYork.\\nWappingers Falls. A delightful excursion from Pough-\\nkeepsie in summer is a trip in an open trolley-car over the\\nelectric railroad to Wappingers Falls. The distance is about\\nseven miles (south), and the whole route is along the old Albany\\nPost Road, which is known here, as usual, as Broadway. It\\nwinds about in pleasant irregularities, between stone walls and\\nrows of ancient shade-trees, and past fine suburban estates\\nand cozy farm houses. The suburbs of Poughkeepsie are\\ninteresting in all directions. The road lies too far back from\\nthe Hudson to permit the river itself to be seen, but the hills on\\nits further shore form a beautiful background to the nearer\\npicture. In the outskirts of the city a park and rural cemetery\\nare passed. Wappingers Falls is a large old-fashioned village on\\nboth sides of Wappingers Creek (see page 128) at a point, some\\ntwo and a half miles above its mouth at New Hamburgh, where\\nthe stream falls over a series of high ledges and dams, behind\\nwhich is a considerable lake. The steep walls of the ravine, the\\narched stone bridge, the mill races that have been carved out\\nlong ago, and the ruins of some ancient mills lend picturesque-\\nness to a spot already highly endowed in that respect. Many\\nfactories line the stream below the falls, and the village is also of\\nimportance as a market town, and interesting socially and histori-\\ncally. The run is made in about thirty-five minutes, and the\\n-are is 15 cents each way.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON.\\nAs Poughkeepsie is left behind, the huge red buildings of the\\nHudson River State Hospital become conspicuous upon the hills\\nalong the Hyde Park road, north of the city. Here are received\\nthose of unbalanced minds, to be kept and nursed until restored\\nto health or else proved incurably insane. It now shelters several\\nhundred inmates yet, large as it is, this is only the beginning of\\nwhat must finally be one of the largest asylums in the world. The\\nestate in front of it is that of Thomas Newbold. The pumping\\nstation of the city waterworks is seen near the river bank, whence\\nthe water is forced into a reservoir in the park on College Hill.\\nThe bank opposite Poughkeepsie is very high and precipitous,\\nbut it is broken just above the bridge by a narrow wooded ravine,\\nat the mouth of which is the railway station of Highland, and a\\nferry and steamboat landing. A little above, some warehouses\\nmark the position of the old New Paltz Landing, where the farm-\\ners of the Wallkill Valley were wont to come in former days to\\ncross to Poughkeepsie or meet the sloops and steamboats. Up the\\nravine goes the old road to Highland Village, a thriving settlement\\non the plateau, which is thronged with visitors in summer, and is\\nthe terminus of a trolley line to New Paltz, in the Wallkill Valley,\\nnine miles along rural roads. It is a pleasant walk up to the\\nvillage along the ravine, down which the creek comes in one\\nlong, winding rapid, with here and there a tall waterfall over\\nsome dam, which turns, or once turned, a small mill-wheel.\\nMilling is still one of the chief industries of the pretty little\\ntown, where there are two small but comfortable hotels. Trolley\\ncars (fare, 5 cents) run between the village and the riverside\\nstations, meeting all trains and boats. Highland is also a station\\non the Connecticut, New York New England Railroad, near\\nthe western terminus of the big bridge. The large yellow build-\\ning seen upon the brow of the bluff overlooking the landing is\\nHasbrouck s Bellevue Villa, a summer hotel.\\nThe Eastern Shore is much less steep and high than the\\nwestern, and for the next thirty miles in particular it is dotted\\n(137)", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "138 POUGHKEEPSTE TO KINGSTON.\\nwith old estates and costly, handsome, and often historic resi-\\ndences. To this purpose the shore is well adapted, for it rises, not\\ntoo abruptly for effective landscape gardening, to a plateau about\\none hundred feet above the water, where the houses stand upon a\\nuniform level. It is upon this plateau, too, that the villages are\\nsituated, out of sight, along the old post road, with insignificant\\nrailway stations and landings down by the water-side, a fortunate\\ndisposition of things for the scenery of the noble river.\\nThe roughness of the western bank cuhuinales ahead, as\\nPoughkeepsie is left behind, in bold and shaggy headlands, form-\\ning a promontory around which the river bends just far enough\\nwestward to cut off the view. This slight bend, eighty miles\\nfrom New York, the river men call Krum Elbow (the original\\nDutch name was Krom-me Hoek a rounded point), and, as the\\nsteamer imperceptibly swings around it, a broad reach gradually\\nopens almost as far as Rhinebeck, and there appear, in blue sil-\\nhouette ahead, the eastern peaks of the Catskill Mountains,\\nsome thirty miles distant. They will rarely be out of sight,\\nhenceforth, for several hours; but, before reaching their base,\\nmany things of nearer interest will engage the attention, always\\nwith that beautiful background made by the heights of Rip Van\\nWinkle s story.\\nHere on the right, five miles above Poughkeepsie, comes\\nHyde Park, the road from the station leading up the gorge of\\nKrum Elbow Creek to the village, half-a-mile inland. It is an\\nold place, named in honor of Sir Edward Hyde, one of the early\\nEnglish governors of the province; and years ago there was\\nhere, where now stands the railway station, a horse-power ferry\\nfor the accommodation of the people on the western shore.\\nThe heights of Crum Elbow having been passed, the Western\\nShore becomes more habitable, and the fine river-road is lined\\nwith handsome places that face the water. The woods disappear,\\ntoo, and the sloping shore is cultivated in vineyards and fruit\\norchards. Behind this gracious forefront towers the saddle-\\nbacked eminence called Ifount Hymettus by John Burroughs,\\nan author and naturalist of pleasant fame (whose cottage will\\npresently come into view), because of his success in finding upon\\nit bee-trees and stores of wild honey. Mount Hymettus stretches\\nnorthward in lessening elevations, all wooded to their summits,", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "pOUGHKEEPStE TO KINGSTON. 139\\nand known as the Esoinis EiUs. At its base is seen, among\\nprivate residences, llie tall white Manresa Lis itute, formerly a\\nRoman Catholic theological seminary, but now an orphanage.\\nNorth of this, there intervenes between the hills and the river a\\nbroad space of arable lands holding several villages. The fir.t of\\nthese is West Park, from whose pretty river-landing {Frofhmg-\\nham s Dock), directly opposite Hyde Park, a most romantic lane\\nleads up to the turnpike. This is a stopping- place of the steamer\\nbetween New York and Saugerties, and is a West Shore station.\\nWest Park is a delightful spot, where a village is gradually\\narising The okl post ?oad runs along the brow of the terrace\\nbeTwe?n ranks of grand shade-trees, and bordered by fine countiy\\nSs The littl? Episcopal Church of the Ascension-.! stone\\nbuMioo- overgrown wi.h linery-fitly recalls the rural churches\\nof E Wand; afid a queer little mill brings out he sketch-book of\\nevery artist who strays near it. One of the oldest of the neigh-\\nSo- estate^ is that formerly occupied by the Astors-a large\\nhouse of the English style, in spacious grounds, now owned and\\noccuDied by a nSw York maltster. This road is good for bicycles,\\nSgh somewhat hilly, and is admirable for walking or driving.\\nThe Hudson is here very beautiful and interesting. Looking\\nbackward, one can still obtain a glimpse of the spires of Pough-\\nkeepsie and of a small section of its bridge, traced in hair-lines\\nupon the pale blue front of the Fishkill Mountains, twenty miles\\naway Ahead, the Catskills are coming more and more plainly\\ninto the perspective, and each bank attracts the roving eye with\\ncompeting charms. My own impression is, that this section from\\nPoughkeepsie to Catskill is the most pleasing part of the whole\\nriver even though it lacks the majestic scenery of the Highlands.\\nConspicuous just above Hyde Park landing, standing upon\\nthe smooth, grassy terrace, between ancient oaks and elms, is the\\npalatial residence of F. W. Vanderbilt one of the most costly m\\nthe long line of noble river-side properties. Next above it is the\\nWf. House, the old Kirkpatrick estate; and directly opposite\\non the West Park shore, and behind and ^igl^tly above some\\nenormous ice-houses, is seen the stone cottage of M. John\\nZrougns, the writer of such familiar out-door books as WaU\\nBoUn, Birds and Boets, Bepacton, etc., and many acute and pleas-\\ning e says in literary criticism. Many acres of vineyards and\\norfha ds lie in front of the house, as along all this western side", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "140 POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON.\\nof the river; and Mr. Burroughs and his neighbors ship great\\nquantities of table grapes, currants, and small fruits to New York\\nand Boston. A mile above, on the same side, is the immense and\\nmuch-advertised orchard (said to contain 25,000 trees) of the\\nlate R, L. Pell, who sent apples to Queen Victoria canny man!\\nand so made a good market for his fruit in Great Britain. His\\nwharf {Pelliam) is distinguished by its big stone warehouse with\\niron gates.\\nOpposite it, on the eastern bank, and about a mile above Hyde\\nPark, a quaint, chalet-like house appears among the trees on the\\ndistant terrace. This place is called Gros Bois by its present\\nproprietor, Robert T. Ford; but it derives a greater interest from\\nthe fact that years ago it was Placentia, the home of the\\ngifted James K. Paulding, a literary man who published many\\nand varied books, until his death in 1860. He was one of that\\ncoterie of bright minds that clustered about Washington Irving,\\nand was his associate in the publication of Salmagundi.\\nThe little island met here, usually animated in summer by the\\ncamps of canoeists or fishermen, is Esopiis; and just above it, on\\nthe western bank, is the landing {Brown s Bock) for Esopvs Village,\\nan old-time cross-roads hamlet a mile and a half back. It stands\\non the shore of Black Creek, whose outlet, here at the landing, is\\nalmost hidden in lily-pads and masses of blossoms of the spiked\\nloosestrife a tall water weed, naturalized from Europe, which\\nsprouts densely in the shallow coves all along the Hudson, encir-\\ncling their margins with bands of bright magenta pink, amid\\nwhich glow here and there the more fiery standards of the\\ncardinal flower.\\nBlack Greek is a lively little river that merits its name, for its\\nwater is stained with the roots and bark of hemlock and cedar\\nuntil it looks like an outlet of the juniper jungles of the Dismal\\nSwamp. It rises down beyond Marlborough, and flows nortli,\\nbehind Mount Hymettus, expanding into a pond which the Dutch\\ncalled Grote Binuewater Big Pond and the moderns name\\nBlack Pond, and frets its way down innumerable waterfalls\\nand through deeps and shadows until it escapes here at Esopus\\nVillage. It contains a fair quantity of black bass, perch, and\\nsunfish, harbors a good many copperheads, and still turns the\\nwheels of small mills, hidden away in the brush, as it used to do in\\nthe good old days of the Dutch. The road which leads back\\nover the hills from West Park strikes it in its most picturesque\\npart.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "KAATERSKILL FALLS", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON. 141\\nThe name Esopus is one that is met with often and rather\\nconfusingly in tiiis part of the country. The hills on the west\\ntake the appellation, and the island opposite, but the marshy\\nEsopus Meadows are some three miles north of Esopus Light-\\nhouse. Esopus Village and landing are here at the mouth of\\nBlack Creek; while Esopus Creek empties into the Hudson\\ntwenty miles north at Saugerties; and Rondout Creek, at Rondout,\\nused to be called the Little Esopus.\\nThis confusion arises, as will be clear when the history of\\nKingston is read, from the fact that in early colonial days the\\nwhole district on the western side of the river, of which Kings-\\nton was the center, was known as Esopus a Dutch and English\\ncorruption of an Indian word, the earliest spelling of which was\\nDesopus.\\nBy this time, Krum Elbow has blotted out the Poughkeepsie\\nbridge and the southern highlands. Mount Hymettus is well\\nbehind us on the west, and its continuation, the 8haupeneak, and\\nHussey s Mountain are becoming prominent. The eastern\\nshore is lower than heretofore and better cultivated, and the\\nHudson River Railroad disappears behind a bluff where the\\nlittle village of Staatsburgh is hidden from view; D. O. Mills is\\nits principal resident. Just beyond, Esopus Light-house marks\\nthe outer edge of the weedy shoals called Esopus Meadoics, oppo-\\nsite which, on the eastern shore, is Dinsmore s Point, with the\\nlarge yellow mansion of the late William B. Dinsmore behind it.\\nJust above it the river indents the shore with the wide shallows\\nof Yanderberg Cove. Immediately upon this cove, in a house\\non the end of the ridge, dwells the brewer, Jacob Rupert; and\\nnext above him another New Yo:k brewer, Finck, occupying a\\ngreat white stone mansion overlooking an immense lawn. This\\nis Wildercliffe, formerly the estate of Edward R. Jones. A\\nlittle farther on, and nearer the river, is the house of Robert Suck-\\nley; and next beyond, just above the railway tunnel, is Ellerslie\\nonce the residence of the Hon, William Kelly long prominent in\\npolitical life and now the summer home of ex-Vice-President\\nLevi P. Morton, His estate contains about six hundred acres,\\nmuch of which is devoted to gardens. The newest resident here\\nat Staatsburgh is Ogden Mills, whose house cost $500,000 in 1897.\\nA magnificent view of the Catskill Mountains is now presented.\\nThe passenger sees here the whole eastern series, from Ovei look\\nto where the Mountain House gazes down from its storied ledges.\\nThey are too far away and misty to exhibit details, but the lofty", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "142 POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON.\\nand well-chiseled oiitlmes culminating in High Peak, the stately\\ngrouping beyond the foreground of water, and the long sweep of\\nswelling outlines, cumulative contours leading tbe eye artistically\\nto the center of the picture, with the dull red and gray of Ron-\\ndout s buildings in the middle distance, make a composition as\\npleasing in arrangement as it is vivid in color. Nor is the ele-\\nment of life wanting, for the shimmering foreground is dotted\\nwith boats, sailing-craft and steamers, from some natty sloop-\\nyacht or huge day-liner to a laboring old steam canalboat\\nbound for Buffalo or bringing coal from Scranton. Sometimes a\\ndingy little steam launch may be seen, loaded fore and aft with\\neatables a regular floating market. Piled high on top of the\\npilot-house may be cabbages and corn, or other green truck,\\nwhile the entire space in front is often filled with loaves of bread,\\nand the space amidships, sheltered by an awning, may contain a\\nheap of ice. A shelf runs along the low bulwarks, and it will\\nperhaps be covered with fruits and vegetables whose trailing\\nleaves ripple the water as the boat skims from shore to shore, or\\nruns alongside a tow of canalboats, seeking for trade.\\nThe rough crags of Ilussey s Mountain, 1,000 feet high, are now\\nat hand on the west, with the brick yards and ice-houses of Port\\nEwen at its base; and there presently opens beyond it a river\\ngorge crowded with shipping, and lined with buildings. This is\\nRondout Creek and harbor, and\\nThe City of Kingston. Originally, as will presently be\\nnoted, two flourishing towns grew up here in close contiguity\\nBondout, at the river mouth, and Kingston, whose nucleus was\\nthree miles inland. Both increased in size until their borders\\nnearly touched, whereupon they united (1878) as a corporate ciiy,\\nunder the name of the latter.\\nKingston has now a population of about 25,000, is growing\\nsteadily, and has a strong commercial foundation. It is the most\\nimportant station on the West Shore Railroad between Wee-\\nhawken and Albany, and the eastern terminus pi the Ulster\\nDelaware Railroad, and of the Wallkill Valley Railroad, the lat-\\nter connecting it with the Erie Railroad system at Goshen, N. Y.\\nThese three roads have a union station in the center of the\\ntown, one mile from the landing, besides which the Ulster\\nDelaware sends its trains down to the steamboat wharf at\\nRondout as the port town and local postoflice is still familiarly", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGTSON. 143\\ncalled. The steam-ferry (fare, 13 cents) to RMnediff, on the\\nopposite bank of the Hudson, connects the town with the Hudson\\nRiver Railroad and with the Hartford Connecticut Western\\nRailroad, which gives a direct line into Dutchess County and\\neastward. Rondout is also the terminus of the Delaware Hud-\\nson Canal, and is the most important shipping-point on the whole\\nriver above New York. The Albany Day Line boats do not go\\ninto the river mouth, but receive and deliver passengers at the\\nnew wharves on Kingston Point, to which the railway has been\\nextended. Kingston has, besides, several steamer lines of its\\nown. This is the home and terminal port of that fast and favor-\\nite boat, Mary Poiccll, which has long been the queen of the\\nHudson. Here, also, are owned the steamers J\u00c2\u00ab?;2^s W. BaMicinaQd\\nWilliam F. Bomer, which are among the largest steamers on the\\nriver, and afford a dnily night-line between Rondout and New\\nYork. The Newburgh day-line makes this a port-of-call, daily;\\nand there are small steamers which pass back and forth between\\nKingston and Poughkeepsie, southward, and Saugerties north-\\nward, stopping anywhere, on both sides of the river, that passen-\\ngers wish to land or embark, or any freight is offered. Lastly,\\nthis is the headquarters of the Cornell Steamboat Company,\\nwhich owns about forty-tive towboats and tugs, and is one of the\\nlargest concerns in the towing business.\\nKingston Point is a steamer landing a mile north of the\\nferry landing, and has lately become a popular summer pleasure\\nresort. The Day Line and other boats stop there, and the Catskill\\nMountain trains of the Ulster Delaware Railroad meet the boats\\non the wharf. A pretty park has been made, a long promenade\\non the edge of the water, boats, bathing, and various means of\\nquiet amusement are maintained. Excursion trains from the\\ninterior and from various river towns bring large pleasure parties\\nalmost daily, and in the evening crowds of citizens resort there\\nfor coolness and recreation.\\nThese varied means of transportation have made Kingston-\\nRondout a place of much commercial importance, and are\\nencouraging the rise of manufactures. Three great industries\\nare prominent: Cenunt-making hluestone, and coal-shipping.\\nCEMENT AND CEMENT-MAKING, BLUESTONE, ETC.\\nThe mining and manufacture of hydraulic cement, known\\nmore especially as Rosendale cement, from the suburb up the\\nRondout where it was first produced, is the peculiar industry\\nof the locality. One can not fail to notice the openings of great\\ncaverns, picturesquely overhung with vines and shrubbery, in the\\ncliffs above the harbor, and along the high banks of Rondout\\nCreek. They reach far underground, and out of them, in hot\\nweather, pours a draft of air as strong and chill and damp as that\\nblown from the cavernous cheeks of old Boreas himself. Out of\\n12", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "144 POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON.\\nthese old excavations, and from newer mines, Kingston has dug,\\nand continues to dig, a large part of its wealth, and has built up\\nan industry which brings in $3,000,000 annually, and furnishes\\nemployment to more than 3,000 men, besides the army of coopers,\\nboatmen, etc., indirectly benefited.\\nThis cement is water-lime, or the material for hydraulic mortar\\nthat is, a mortar which will harden vmder water. It is made\\nfrom a magnesian limestone, containing more or less sand and\\nclay, thus approximating it to the European artificial mixture of\\n23 per cent carbonate of lime (chalk) and 77 per cent silicate of\\nalumina (clay), which is called Portland cement. When, about\\n1828, the Delaware Hudson Canal was building here, the\\nengineers, casting about for a cement suitable for use in con-\\nstructing locks, discovered that a belter kind existed right here\\nthan Avas then know^n in the wx^stern part of the State; and the\\nmining of it upon the outcrop for immediate use soon developed\\ninto a general industry. Since then a sindlar cement-rock has\\nbeen discovered and worked in the neighborhood of Buffalo,\\nopposite Louisville, Ky., and near Allentown, Pa. At Allentown,\\nin addition to the natural product, ihey are making an artificial\\nPortland cement. In all these localities the rock is the very\\nancient Upper Silurian limestone. Here at Kingston, the partic-\\nular geological horizon is the Tentaculite, or water-lime, division\\nof the Lower Helderberg series, which overlies the great Niagara\\ngroup of limestones. The beds are massive, varying from fif-\\nteen to thirty feet in thickness, and more or less interstratified\\nwith non-cementitious layers. They have been much disturbed,\\nlie at all sorts of angles, and are broken here and there by faults.\\nFor the most part, only the edges appear at the surface, so\\nthat the rock must be removed by methods of mining similar to\\nthose pursued in excavating coal, rather than by quarrying, and\\nmany of the tunnels and shafts penetrate to the heart of the hills,\\nand are sunk more than 100 feet below tide- water. The rock is\\nsomewdiat harder to mine than coal, but there is no danger from\\nliberated gases, and the roof is firm, requiring little timbering.\\nThe Upper Silurian rocks everywhere, as a rule, are crowded\\nwith the fossil remains of invertebrate sea life, as corals, crinoids,\\nand a great variety of shellfish. In the series to which the\\ncement-rock belongs, as it appears elsewhere, tentaculites (fossil\\npteropods of the molluscan family TentaculitidcE) are especially\\nnumerous, and give their name to the subdivision; but, curiously\\nenough, the cement beds here are almost entirely barren of these\\nor any other fossils, although the adjacent, and even the inter-\\ncalated, strata are highly fossiliferous.\\nThe rock itself, no matter how finely crushed, will not act as a\\nhydraulic cement, or even as a good mortar; it needs preparation to\\nimpart to it its valuable quality. This preparation consists io", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "r~^ ^i t. f.\\nf\\nf.\\n12", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON. 145\\nroasting or calcining it. The area of the beds is about ten miles\\nin length, extending along a ridge from the northern part of\\nKingston, or its suburb Rosendale, southwestward, with a width\\nvarying from forty feet to five miles; and fifteen mills are now in\\noperation, of which those of the Lawrence and New^ark companies\\nare the largest. At each of these establishments the rock is\\nbrought from the mines in cars, crushed into small pieces, and\\nthen placed in huge kilns, mixed with fine coal. The kilns\\nhaving once been fired, the process of roasting the mass goes on\\ncontinuously, new supplies being poured into the top as the\\ncalcined stone is removed at the base. When cooled, crushed,\\nand placed in barrels the cement is ready for use.\\nThe process and character of the change, presumably chem-\\nical, which the stone undergoes in turning into cement are not\\nclearly understood. Many theories have been advanced, but\\nnone are satisfactory. Beyond the fact that the calcining drives\\noff the water, little is really known about the matter; and the\\nhydraulicity of this substance is another one of the many facts of\\npractical experience and utility which remains unexplained.\\nThis cement is sold all over the Atlantic States, and the\\nextent and variety of its service are increasing. Not only is it\\nrequired for all masonry exposed to water, as sea-walls, canal-\\nlocks, bridge-piers, and the like, but it is used almost entirely for\\nevery sort of underground masonry. It is the principal constitu-\\nent of concrete. The foundations of all the great buildings in\\nNew York are laid on it, and it is extensively^ applied in\\nfortifications. Its strength and tenacity are far superior to that of\\nthe best mortar. When treated with water in the mass, it forms\\na stone more cohesive and trustworthy than ordinary sandstone.\\nThe 3,000,000 or so of barrels annually required by this in-\\ndustry are made largely in this neighborhood, and cost only 10\\ncents apiece; they are formed mainly of spruce-wood, and are\\nusually thrown away when emptied.\\nCoal at Kingston.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The total amount of coal reaching tide-\\nwater here, from the canal, now averages about 900,000 tons\\nduring the season of navigation, nearly all of which is immediately\\nreshipped. All of it comes from the anthracite fields in the\\nWyoming Valley of Pennsylvania, and its transshipment here\\ngives employment, on the average, to 350 men, with a large\\nincrease of that force at certain times. The storage docks for\\ncoal are the largest in the State.\\nBluestone is the name given to a more or less argillaceous\\nsandstone of a bluish color, extensively quarried at various points\\nalong the Hudson River, and used for building purposes and for\\nflagging. The quarries are scattered throughout the Catskills\\nand along their base, and are in rock of Lower Silurian Age (Hud-\\nson River group), and the stone is brought in, rudely shaped, by\\nrailway and by teams. The double line of stones set like a\\ntramway in many of the country roads and some town streets on", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "146 POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON.\\nthis side of the river, are to enable the horses to draw these loads\\nof stone without sinking irretrievably into the mud; and they are\\nas deeply rutted as the old chariot-tracks in Pompeii. The\\nbluestone is to a great extent prepared for architectural or pave-\\nment use here in Rondout, and then reshippcd by water, some\\nof it going direct to Southern const cities, the West Indies, etc.\\nThis industry involves a large capital and employs many men.\\nThe Rondout end of the city, apart from the picturesqueness\\nof its river-mouth, is not very interesting. The queer little\\nchain-ferry that plies between the city and Sleightburgh, on the\\nsouthern bank, is quaint and ingenious, and gave Jervis McEntee\\na subject for a well-known painting. Huntington s brush has\\nstudied here, too, his painting, On the Rondout, being con-\\nsidered one of his best. A little steam launch runs up the river\\nand canal some miles, offering an interesling excursion to the\\nvisitor. Rondout s best street lies along the top of the river s\\nhigh southern bank the leading hotel is the new Mansion House.\\nThe northern part of the town, or Kingston proper, is more\\nattractive. It is a handsome, well-kept little city of itself, where\\nevery street and square can tell some story of the past which\\nsomehow seems longer ago than tlie seige of Jerusalem. Its\\nstreets give glimpses of the Catskill and Shawangunk mountains,\\nor of sweet valley lands in all directions, and from its suburl)an\\neminences pictures may be obtained that are among the most\\ncharming in the Hudson Valley.\\nOne point of view is especially recommended, and may form\\nthe objective point of a delightful afternoon s walk. This is the\\nKuyckuyet (a Dutch word pronounced kake-out, and meaning\\nthe lookout the summit of a hill south of the city. It over-\\nlooks the broad valleys of the Rondout and Hudson, and gives\\none the best local picture of the mountains. The abrupt heights\\nsurrounding Lake Mohonk, in the northern Shawangunks, are\\nplain in the southeast; then comes the hilly valley of the Ron-\\ndout, northward, rising again, directly west, into the magnificent\\nheights of the southern Catskills, where Slide, Cornell, and the\\nWitfemberg dominate the range. The break occupied by the\\nvalley of the Esopus cuts this lofty group off from the main\\nmass, northward, where dozens of well-known summits mny be\\nrecognized around to the headlands of High Peak and South\\nMountain in the northern horizon.\\nManufactures, etc. Kingston has many small factories (one\\nof cigars employing 700 hands), and does a very large business in", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "POUGHKEEPSTE TO KINGSTON. 147\\nthe manufacture and sale of brick, though many of its yards are\\nelsewhere along the river. The wholesale and jobbing trade of\\nthe town is good, and its streets are animated. The city contains\\nfive national banks and three savings banks; issues three daily\\nnewspapers; has a pul)lic hospital, well-equipped fire and police\\ndepartments, and water brought from a mountain stream with a\\npressure suihcient for fire purposes without the aid of steamers.\\nThe city hall is a florid brick building, of the aldermanic school\\nof architecture, midway between Rondout and old Kingston, in\\nfront of which is a manufactured soldier s monument not\\nmuch better. Electric street-cars extend from the river side in\\nliondout to Kingston by two routes, and thence into the outskirts\\nof the village. A line is about to be built northward along the\\nAlbany road to Lake Katrine.\\nHistorical Sketch of Kingston. Few towns in the State\\nwere more patriotic than this, and none have a more thrilling\\nstory, or so many substantial relics of the beginnings of the com-\\nmonwealth; and the visitor may find along its streets the actual\\nbuildings wdiere many of the momentous incidents occurred that\\nhave been so fully recorded by Schoonmaker in his History of the\\ntown.\\nIt was in 1609 that Hudson sailed up the river; in 1610, tbe\\nfirst trading-ship followed; and in 1675, the New Netherland\\nCompany chose the moutli of the Rondout Creek as tlie site of\\none of their three fortified trading posts. No proper settlement\\nwas made, however, until the level-headed Stuyvesant had come\\nas governor to New York to correct the abuses of his greedy\\npredecessors, and disentangle the Dutch colonists from the Indian\\ntroubles which they had brought upon themselves. In 1652,\\nquarrels arose in Rensselaer wyck over lands, the aristocratic\\nPatroons claiming too much for the common people to endure;\\nand it must not be forgotten that these Dutchmen, as well as the\\nEnglish Puritans, were, to a great extent, refugees from oppres-\\nsion, political and religious, in the Old Country; and w^ere as\\ndeeply imbued with the spirit of liberty as their Protestant breth-\\nren in New England; nor that, if it had not been for the unswerv-\\ning patriotism and self-sacrificing co-operation of these Hollanders\\nalong the Hudson, the English-born colonists could never have\\nwon in their struggle for independence with Great Britain; and\\nthis spirit and help were nowhere more active and serviceable\\nthan here.\\nIn consequence of this quarrel with the Patroons, a band of\\ntrader-colonists, led by Thomas Chambers, an Englishman, moved", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "148 POUGHKEEPSTE TO KINGSTON.\\ndown to the level prairie lands which the Indians called Atkarkar-\\nton, lying along the Esopus between the mountains and the Hudson\\n(see map), where the red men at first gave, and later sold, lands\\nto iliem. Settlers rapidly followed, disagreements and fatal con-\\nflicts with the Indians speedily arose, and. in 1658, Governor Stuy-\\nvesant thought it worth while to visit the place, and advise with the\\npeople as to the future. He at once ordered the scattered farmers\\nto come together and erect a stockade large enough to contain all\\ntheir buildings, into which they were to concentrate each night.\\nWith a military eye, he selected a level bluff of laud on the\\nsouthern border of the meadows, where the banks fell steeply\\naway on three sides, and there was just room enough for the\\nintended fort. Here a strong stockade was built with great\\nrapidity, and it inclosed the ground now occupied by the business\\npart of old Kingston. A name was officially given to the stock-\\nade and community by Governor Stuyvesant, when a charter\\nwas granted in 1661; this was Wildwyck. Wild was the\\nDutch term for Indians, meaning simply wild, or savage, and\\nW3 ck denotes a place, so that, literally, Wildwyck signifies\\nIndian place. The name was changed to Kingston on Septem-\\nber 25, 1679, in honor of Kingston Lisle in England, the place\\nfrom which Lovelace, the colonial governor of the moment, had\\ncome. It is a great misfortune that the change was made, and\\nit is worth mention that Wiltwick still survives as applied to\\na portion of the city.\\nThe early history of the colony differs little from that of most\\nothers in those days. The burghers and farmers behaved badly\\ntoward the Indians, who revenged themselves, and years of bor-\\nder warfare ensued, in which both sides suffered. These were\\nthe Esopus wars, during which, nevertheless, the colony\\nincreased and flourished, having a good road to the redout* at\\nthe strand, or river-mouth (present Main Street), and a little\\noutpost at Hurley, with a large area of grain and corn lands under\\ncultivation. This post, indeed, was regarded as the garden of\\nthe Dutch possessions; and from the first devoted itself almost\\nwholly to farming, paying little attention to the trading which\\nengrossed Fort Orange and New Amsterdam. Finally, the wars\\nculminated in an adroit seizure of the stockade by the redskins,\\nwho massacred a great many men, women, and children, and\\nburned down all the houses. Then troops were sent from below,\\nan active campaign was instituted against the Indians, who were\\nhunted and punished far and near, and no more such disasters\\noccurred; but many years elapsed before the district was safe\\nfrom occasional inroads. Meanwhile, the country went into\\nEnglish hands, and the name was changed to Kingston, but other-\\nwise there was little alteration, and the settlement grew steadily\\n*It. is asserted that the name Bondout is a corruption of this word\\nredout (there was another there in revolutionary times); but that seems\\n(re)doubtful, and its origin is still obscure.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON. 149\\nfor a century, until it had become the most important place\\nbetween New York and Albany. Then again its peace and\\nprosperity were disturbed by the discontent among the Indians,\\nthat tinally swelled into the French and Indian wars, in which\\nthe American colonists were trained to a soldier s life, taught their\\nstrength, and given self-confidence for the impending tight with\\nGreat Britain.\\nMany of the houses still standing and occupied in Kingston\\ndate from this period. The monumental old Senate House, to be\\nmore particularly spoken of presently, is such an one. A part of\\nthe present Court House (Kingston is the shire town of Ulster) was\\nbuilt for that purpose long before the Revolution. Another relic\\nis the Coonradt Elmendorf Tavern, on the southeast corner of\\nMaiden Lane and Fair Street, which bears the date of its erec-\\ntion (1723) upon its gable; it witnessed memorable political deeds\\nduring the Revolution. At the lower end of Wall Street stood,\\nuntil 1898, the Van SteenburgJi House, an example of the old\\nDutch cottage, noteworthy as the only building which escaped\\nat the burning of the town by the British in 1777. The present\\nhome of the Hon. Augustus Schoonmaker, the large square\\nbuilding at John and Crown streets, formerly the Kingston\\nAcademy, and other antiquated but still servicable structures\\nmay be pointed out, whose heavy walls withstood the historic\\nconflagration. Another object of interest is the Dutch Church,\\nnow remodeled out of all resemblance to the original structure,\\nbut standing on the same spot.\\nHere was organized, in 1657, the oldest congregation holding\\nan unbroken line of services on the same spot that can be found\\nin the State of New York, and probably in the United States. It\\nwas, of course, Protestant Dutch Reformed, and the present\\nstructure is the fourth that has stood on the spot, not counting\\nthe log building which temporarily was used by the settlers in\\nthe beginning. The foundations, greatly extended to meet the\\ngrowth of the congregation, have included part of the surround-\\ning grave-yard. The families whose past generations filled the\\nfirst graves still worship in the church, and in the last reconstruc-\\ntion of the edifice their pews were placed over the tombs of their\\nancestors, each family over its own dead. When the old Middle\\nDutch Church on Nassau Street, New York City, was torn down,\\nthe stones bearing the inscription in Dutch were taken to Kings-\\nton, and set in the walls of this church, where they now are.\\nThe church has the two original communion cups that were,\\naccording to tradition, presented by Queen Anne. The com-", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "150 POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON.\\nmunion table is said to have been used by the Prince of Orange,\\nwhose coat-of-arms is over the church door, and the walls are\\ncovered with tablets commemorating tlie early pastors and distin-\\nguished citizens who sat in the congregation.\\nTHE SENATE HOUSE.\\nBut the particular object of historical interest and curiosity\\nin Kingston is the Senate House, which is M^ell worth examina-\\ntion, not only for itself but for what it contains.\\nIt stands upon Clinton Avenue just around the corner\\nfrom the postoffice and both of the principal hotels Eagle and\\nClinton and derives its distinction from the fact tliat here the\\nfirst sessions of the State Legislature were held. Originally built\\nby Wessel Ten Broeck, in 167G, it later became the dwelling-place\\nof that sturdy patriot Abraham Van Gasbeek, and was the\\ngathering-place of the patriots of the time that tried men s\\nsouls. It shared in the burning of the city by Vaughan, but its\\nwall remained firm, and it was repaired and afterward became\\nthe home of Gen. John Armstrong, Madison s Secretary of War,\\nand, later, United States jNIinister to France. A few years ago the\\nproperty was bought by the State, to be preserved as a memorial\\nof the past. With great propriety it has been placed under the\\ncare of the historian, Marius Schoonmaker, a descendant of\\none of the oldest and most prominent local families; and is\\ngradually being furnished and filled up as a museum of the\\nheroic past of the town and county. The Kingston branch of the\\nDaughters of the Revolution is especially interested in this laud-\\nable undertaking, and holds each year an anniversary celebration\\nwhich keeps public interest alive.\\nThe Museum contains documents, books, pictures including\\nmany studies and portraits by John Van der Lyn costumes, furni-\\nture, military equipments, etc., calculated to illustrate the story\\nof the past. The collection is especially interesting as an expo-\\nnent of the daily life and condition of the Dutch burghers, whose\\nreal character, manners, and customs have been so obscured by\\nthe veil of drollery that Washington Irving threw over them,\\nthat few understand the practical good sense and sterling virtue\\nwhich characterized these excellent and patriotic founders of\\nNew York.\\nThis building was chosen as the first State House under\\npeculiar pressure. During the summer of 1776 a constitution", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON. 151\\nand form of State government had been formulated. Tli meet-\\nings of delegates who had accomplished this preliminary work\\nhad been held at Fislikill; but that village was too small and\\nexposed, and after considerable search Kingston was selected as\\nthe proper place for subsequent meetings. The Provincial Con-\\nvention therefore gathered at Kingston in March, 1777, and held\\nits sessions in the Court House until April 20, 1777, when the\\nconstitution was finally agreed upon and signed. Tliis occurred\\non Sunday. The exigencies of the times admitted of no delay on\\naccount of the sacredness of the day. Two days afterward, on\\nApril 22d, the constitution was formally proclaimed from the\\nfront door of the Court House with great pomp and rejoicing, the\\nelections followed, and George Clinton was chosen governor.\\nThe first Legislature got together on September 10th, and on the\\npreceding day the first court ever held in the Stale of New York,\\nunder the constitution, convened at the Court House at Kingston,\\nand was presided over by the newly appointed Chief Justice,\\nJohn Jay scholar, statesman, diplomat, and jurist equally dis-\\ntinguished for his virtues and his talents, who had been a mem-\\nber of the Constitutional Convention, and was the principal\\ndraughtsman of that instrument.\\nThis first Legislature consisted of seventy members of the\\nAssembly and twenty-four Senators. The Assembly convened\\nat a house which then stood on the corner of Fair Street and\\nMaiden Lane, and the Senate sat in this building. The joint\\nbody continued its deliberations until October 7th, when, on\\naccount of the threatened invasion of British troops, it adjourned.\\nThis, however, was not the last session of the Legislature in King-\\nston. It met again in 1779, and sat from August 18tli to October\\n25th. It was at this session that the famous act was passed con-\\nfiscating the property of adherents to the British side, or Tories,\\nas they were termed. The Legislature again met in Kingston in\\n1780, and sat from April 22d to July 2d. It met for the fourth\\ntime here in 1783, and sat from January 27th to March 27th.\\nTHE BURNING OF KINGSTON BY THE BRITISH.\\nAfter the capture of the Highland forts, the British fleet sailed\\nup the river, firing at almost every prominent house on the shores\\nas it went along. On the evening of October 15, 1777, the vessels\\ncame to Esopus Island and anchored there. The next morning,\\nabout 9 o clock, they reached the mouth of the Rondout, where\\nsmall earth-works, armed with light cannon, had been erected\\nupon high ground overlooking the northern extension of the", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "152 POUGHKEEPSTE TO KINGSTON.\\npresent city along the Hudson River front called PonliocMe.\\nTliese opened fire, but were soon silenced and captured by\\nassault, but the little garrison escaped. In the harbor lay\\nan armed galley and a hulk which had been used as a military\\nprison. These and some sloops were captured and burned,\\ntogether with several houses in the neighborhood, after which\\nthe British troops, led by Vaughan in person, and guided\\nby Jacobus Lefferts, a resident Tory, marched up from the\\nstrand to Kingston, encountering no more resistance than a\\nstray shot now and then from some exasperated American, and\\narrived at the village to find it deserted by almost every one\\nexcept a few slaves. The villagers, who had not men enough to\\nmake even a show of resistance, had fled, taking away such valu-\\nables only as they could hastily stow into wagons, while some\\nhad left nearly everything in their houses, refusing to believe\\nthat the town would be burned. The soldiers were immediately\\nscattered about the town, looting and firing the houses and barns,\\nfilled with the stores of the harvest. This done, they hastily\\nwithdrew, not daring to wait until the American troops, hurry-\\ning from New Paltz, should come up, and the enraged people\\nshould gather in force. Clinton s advanced guard reached the\\nKuyckuyt in time to witness the expiring conflagration, and to\\nsee the last of the redcoats hastening back to their vessels; and the\\ngeneral relieved his feelings by hanging on the spot that spy,\\nLieutenant Taylor, who had been captured at New Windsor,\\nsome days before, with the silver bullet in his gorge.\\nHere are the reasons which account for the unexampled and\\nentirely needless destruction of this town in 1777. One of the\\ndistinct objects Howe had in view, in his expedition up the river\\nin that year, was the devastation of Esopus, and General Vaughan\\nwrote a falsehood when, to justify his act in the eyes of the\\nneutral world, he alleged in his dispatches that he was fired upon\\nfrom the houses of the village. Quoting Augustus Schoon-\\nmaker:\\nIn no part of the United Colonies did the fires of liberty\\nburn more brightly, or the spirit of patriotism animate more\\nmanly breasts, than in the new State of New York and in the\\nlittle hamlet of Kingston. The best evidence of this is found in\\nthe report made by General Vaughan, the British commander, on\\nOctober 17, 1777, in which he denounces the place as a nursery", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON. 153\\nfor almost every villain in the country. Lord North,\\nthe Prime Minister of George III., complained to Sir William\\nHowe, then commanding the royal forces in New York, of the\\npestiferous nest of rebels clustered about the banks of the\\nEsopus. Howe had already been stung by the signing of the\\nArticles of Association by the inhabitants of Kingston and\\nMarbletown, and by the fact that the Committee of Safety\\nfound refuge at Kingston when driven from New York and\\nFishkill.\\nA few words more will complete the story of Vaughan s\\nmarauding expedition, which was so noteworthy an incident in\\nthe war-history of the Hudson Valley. The vessels proceeded up\\nthe river a few miles, landing to burn the houses of several\\nWhigs, among which was the manor of Robert R. Livingston,\\nnotwithstanding the fact that Mrs. Livingston was then enter-\\ntaining two or more British oflicers (prisoners on parole) who\\nwere ill or wounded. The surrender of Burgoyne was now\\nknown, however, and Continental troops were hurrying to the\\nriver to cut off and destroy the invaders, if possible. The red.\\ncoats therefore turned back, and on the 24th of October passed\\nthrough the Highlands, and returned to New York.\\nThe record of Kingston since those days has been one of pros-\\nperous but uneventful growth. The town broadened its acres\\nand extended more and more widely its streets. In 1805 it was\\nincorporated as a village, and remained so until it consolidated\\nwith Rondout as a city in 1872. The town has always been\\nambitious and progressive. It founded a school of higher learn-\\ning as early as 1664, and for many years the Kingston Academy\\nwas the only institution of its kind north of New York, graduating\\nmany men of note. One of its principals was that John M. Pome-\\nroy who became a standard authority upon international law. It\\nis now the city high school. Earnest efforts were made to\\nfound here a State university; and also to make this town the\\ncapital of the United States, Among its citizens have been\\nmany of eminence in State affairs, and some who have acquired\\nworld-wide reputations. Here was bom (October 15, 1775) John\\nVan der Lyn, the painter of The Landing of Columbus in the\\nrotunda of the capitol at Washington\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a picture still more widely\\npopular as the ornament of the back of the United States five-", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "154 POUGHKEEPSIE TO KINGSTON.\\ndollar note, and of the two-cent postage-slamp in the Columbian\\nmemorial issue of 1893.\\nHaving early exhibited a decided taste and talent for drawing,\\nVan der L3^n spent some months, under the patroDage of Aaron\\nBurr, in the artist Stuart s studio at Philadelphia, where, amoug\\nother things, he made a copy of Stuart s Washington, which\\nnow hangs in the Senate House. Burr also enabled him to go to\\nParis in 1798, where he studied four years. In 1801 he returned\\nto the United States, but in 1803 went again to Europe, and\\npainted his tirst historical sketch, The Murder of Jane McCrea,\\nan incident of the Saratoga campaign. In 1805 he moved to\\nRome, and there painted his master-piece, Marius on the Muins of\\nCarthage, for Avhich he was awarded the first gold medal by\\nNapoleon at an exhibition in the Louvre. He remained in Europe\\nuntil 181G, during which time he painted his figure-pieces Ariadne\\nand Cleopatra. The former is in the gallery of the Academy of\\nArts at Philadelphia, while his Cleopatra is owned in Kingston.\\nHe painted a full-length portrait of Washington for the United\\nStates House of Representatives, for which the House had appro-\\npriated $1,000; but when it was unveiled in the House, such was\\nits merit that the House immediately and unanimously voted an\\nadditional compensation of $1,500. In 1839 he received the com-\\nmission for his rotunda painting al)Ove mentioned, the studies\\nand primary .sketches for which are preserved here, as also is the\\nprincipal part of his panorama of the Oarden of Versailles,\\npainted here in 1816, from sketches made by him when in Paris.\\nAt Kingston, too, lived and studied the landscape painter\\nJerms McEiitee, whose brush was much occupied in this truly\\npicturesque region; and literature is now represented in the city\\nby Henry Abbey, w^hose poems have given his name an enviable\\nnotoriety.\\nKingston is a favorite place of residence for summer visitors\\nfrom the city, and the excellent Eagle Hotel, near the square,\\nentertains many such. Its streets and the surrounding roads are\\nexcellent for cycling and driving.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS.\\nThe writer has yet to appear who, taking the Catskilt Mount-\\nains as his theme, shall adequately and truthfully deal with the\\ngroup in all its aspects.\\nThe magic of Washington Irving s pen, by the relation of the\\ntale of Rip Van Winkle, has endowed the whole region with\\npoetic charm, and has given us the impression that every glen\\nmust be haunted by the little people, and each peak have some\\nstory. The fact is, on the contrary, that the legendary lore of\\nthe Catskills is scanty, and historical incidents of popular inteiest\\nare almost as scarce.\\nAgain, if one were to believe wholly the perfervid pictures\\ncontained in the books issued annually by the local railway\\ncompanies\u00e2\u0080\u0094 excellent and trustworthy as these pamphlets are\\ncoming to be in many respects\u00e2\u0080\u0094 he must conclude that nowhere\\nelse in the world were such grandeur and beauty of scenery, such\\nperfection of hotel and boarding-house accommodation, such\\nsupernal excellence of air and water; but these must not be taken\\nliterally.\\nThe Catskills are not mountains, of course, in any proper\\nsense only big hills. Not to suggest the contrast between them\\nand the Rockies or the Alps, they will not compare in mount-\\nainous size, nor in their approach to mountainous scenery, with\\nthe White Hills of New Hampshire, nor with the Smoky or\\nBlack range? of the Caroliuas; nor are their hotels better or\\nworse than the average along the whole line of Appalachian\\nsummer resorts, from Moosehead Lake to Chattanooga.\\nNevertheless, it is a wholesome and beautiful region, easily\\naccessible, offering opportunities for an outing, either in the\\nwilderness in some secluded hamlet, or amid the holiday-keeping\\ncrowd, in a manner costly and luxurious, or simple and cheap, as\\nyou prefer; and the Catskills are year by year attracting not only\\nmore holiday visitors, but more home-makers. The tendencj^\\nindeed, of late years has been decidedly toward the building of\\ncottages and the increase of villages, rather than the patronage\\n(155)", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "156 THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS.\\nof great hotels, many former patrons having purchased extensive\\ntracts of land and built upon them cottages for permanent\\noccupancy. In these associations, the houses and their surround-\\ning grounds are owned individually, of course, yet are mutually\\nconnected by some simple regulations, which enable the com-\\nmunity, as a whole, to say who shall and who shall not be\\nadmitted to the neighborhood, and to make rules of local police.\\nSuch are Onteora, Sunset, Twilight, Schoharie, Elka, Santa Cruz,\\nand other parks, Fleischmann s pretty village, and similar\\naggregations of friendly summer residents. The striking beauty\\nand salubrity of this part of the mountains has contributed to the\\nprosperity of these parks, and the pleasantest social intercourse\\nprevails among the cottagers, many of whom own their forest\\nhomes, and return to them year after year. To those who are in\\nsearch of health and vigor, no more promising place of sojourn\\ncan be found, within the same distance from New York, than on\\nor near the summit of its highest points. People who are weary\\nof noisy, restless city life may be reasonably certain of peaceful\\nand comfortable living among the tree-clad hills and fertile valleys\\nof the famous Rip Van Winkle country.\\nAn alphabetical list of hotels will be found on pages 237-232.\\nA complete list of boarding houses may be secured by addressing\\nthe general passenger agent of the Ulster Delaware Railroad\\nat Rondout, also from the general passenger agent West Shore\\nRailroad, 5 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York City.\\nTwo principal entrances to the Catskill Mountains exist, but\\nboth admit to the two lines of valleys in which the tourist may\\nfind nearly all of the hotels, and the great body of summer travel\\nand residents. One of these entrances is along the route of the\\nUlster Delaware Railroad from Kingston west across the south-\\nern part of the group; the other is from Catskill by rail to the\\nresident parks and Tannersville, and thence down Stony Clove,\\njust behind the line of peaks which form the eastern front of the\\nrange. The latter (see the next chapter) is the older approach,\\nbut the former comes first in our progress up the river.\\nThe Ulster Delaware Railroad has a terminal station in\\nRondout, at the water-side, where passengers arriving or depart-", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "HAINES FALLS.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "1", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "THE TOUIl OP THE CATSKILLS 157\\ning by the Rhinebeck ferry, can change to and from the cars with-\\nout trouble. It skirts old Rondout on high ground, giving a good\\nview of the old town, and stops at the junction station of the West\\nShore Railroad, a mile inland, where passengers from that\\nliae are received in the union station. A third halt is then\\nmade at Fair Street, the upper city, or Kingston station proper.\\nThe railroad then finds its way across the southern part of the\\nmountains, through the valley of the Esopus on the east and the\\nheadwaters of the Delaware on the west. Its devious course\\ngives as good an idea of the scenery of the range as can easily\\nbe obtained. The Hudson-Delaware divide is crossed near the\\nsummit of Pine Hill, at Grand Hotel station, 1,886 feet above\\ntide- water, after which the line bends northward along the water-\\nshed of the Delaware and ends at Hobart, seventy-eight miles from\\nKingston. From Hobart to Bloomville, nine miles beyond, a\\nlittle road has been built, which is leased and operated by the\\nUlster Delaware, so that, practically, the line and its trains\\nextend to Bloomville, eighty-seven miles from Kingston. A gap\\nof less than twenty miles remains between Bloomville and the\\nCooperstown Charlotte Railroad; but as this would bring this\\ncompany into connection with the railway system of the interior\\nof the State, subject it to competition, and compel it to share\\nthrough rates, and reduce its present large, non-competitive\\ncharges, the gap will probably not be bridged. At present the\\ncharges on the mainline of the Ulster Delaware road are at\\nthe rate of 3 cents a mile; and on its branches at the rate of 10\\ncents a mile\\nLeaving Kingston, finally, at the upper city station {Fair\\nStreet), the train crosses the Esopus, or Kingston Creek, and\\nascends the valley called Stony Hollow. At West Hurley, nine\\nmiles west, 540 feet of altitude have been gained, and a broad\\nfarming valley is opened to view.\\nThe mountain on the right (northward) is Overlook (altitude,\\n3,500 feet). At its base is the village of Woodstock, five miles\\ndistant; half-way up stands Mead s Mountain House, one of\\nthe oldest resorts of the region; and two miles farther brings\\none to the Overlook House, near the top, and having an observa-\\ntory upon the very crest. The breezes are always cool, the sur-\\nroundings are wild, and the view is truly an over-look, reach-\\ning far away across the Hudson, and north and south for a long\\ndistance, including, it is advertised, parts of seven States; but\\nthe long stage-ride for passengers, and the necessity of hauling\\nsupplies over a rough road from this station, or from Tanners-\\nX3", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "158 THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS.\\nville, have proved too large a handicap, and the hotel was closed\\nwith the season of 1891.\\nfrom West Hurley leave daily, except Sunday,\\nthroughout the year: For Woodstock, 5 miles, fare 50 cents;\\nBearsville, 7 miles, fare 60 cents; Lake Hill, 10 miles, fare 75\\ncents. During the summer months only, for Mead s Mountain\\nHouse, 8 miles, fare $1.00; Overlook Mountain House (when\\nopen), 9 miles, fare $1.50.\\nOlive and one or two small stations in this broad valley\\nhaving been passed, Esopus Creek is again reached and crossed\\nat Broadhead s Bridge, where the line turns up the stream and\\nkeeps close to its western bank almost as far as the source. This\\nis the principal easterly stream of the middle Catskills, collecting\\nall the water from the Pine Hill summit, Big Indian, Stony\\nClove, Beaverkill, Woodland, Shokan, Woodstock, and Platter-\\nkill valleys. It is divided from the Catskill and Schoharie, on\\nthe north, by the water-shed rauge that extends from High Peak\\nto Hunter, and from the Kondout, on the south, by the peaks of\\nwhich Slide Mount is the highest; and in old times w\\\\as known\\nas the Little Esopus, while the Rondout was Big Esopus.\\nThe next two or three stations, Shokan, Boiceville, Mount\\nPleasant, etc., as far as Phoenicia, are quiet little villages, each\\nprovided with a small hotel and surrounded by farmers who\\nkeep boarders. A continuous line of hills on the right cuts off\\nthe view of the mountains proper with the exception of a distant\\nglimpse of the Overlook from Olive Branch, above that portion\\nof the hills called Little Tonche. The central and highest\\npoint is named Ticetenyck, and the most western, near Boice-\\nville, Tonche Hook. In approaching Shokan, the beautiful\\nHigh Point Mountain, 3,100 feet in height, is seen at the left\\nside of the cars, in a southerly direction.\\nAt Shokan the hills shut in rather closely, and nowadays the\\nplace is invariably referred to as at the gateway of the Cats-\\nkills a phrase originating in the title of a magazine article by\\nthe present writer in Harper s for February, 1876. The region\\nhas not greatly altered since that time, such changes as have\\noccurred being a loss of rusticity in the people which is accom-\\npanied by the loss of a picturesqueness that it will be interesting\\nto recaU. Following is an extract:", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS. 159\\nThe valley [of the Esopus, here] is several miles long and\\nirregularly broad, but with a level surface. The soil is coarse\\ndrift-bowlder material, and water-worn stones from an ounce to\\na ton in weight are everywhere to be seen. Stone walls, conse-\\nquently, almost entirely take the place of fences. These become\\nbrowned by exposure to the weather, embroidered with varicolv\\nored lichens, entangled in thickets of briers, where lightly rests\\na mantle of snow-blossoms, or droop rich clusters of delicious\\nberries, or glow sunburned masses of foliage; and they tumble\\ninto piles exceeding picturesque the year round. They are the\\nfavorite resort of sparrows and wrens, whose lithe bright forms\\ndodge in and out of hiding-places with ceaseless activity, or\\nchoose some taller bush near by as a pedestal for joyous song.\\nOn every side rise hills to the height of 1,500 or 2,000 feet,\\nculminating at Shokan in the two mountains Ticetenyck and\\nHigh Point, that stand over against one another at the head of\\nthe valley, like two giant warders guarding the portal to the\\nmysteries of the Catskills, which the far blue summits beckon\\nfeet and imagination to explore.\\nThrough this huge gate and down the valley winds the\\nEsopus, a brawling mountain stream, such as the\\npainters go to Scotland to find; or rather, it was before the for-\\nests on its banks were felled, and its waters were befouled by\\nrefuse from the tanneries, mills, and villages which, attracted by\\nits bark and lumber, have grown up on its banks. But to follow\\nup any of its small tributaries, like the Little Beaverkill or the\\nBushkill, or to work your way to its source, is to penetrate the\\nprimeval forest, where, now tliat the bark-peelers have departed,\\nrarely wanders any but the trapper or trout-fisher, or an occa-\\nsional tramp like the writer, who would seek for love of them\\nthe inmost recesses of the wilderness.\\nThrough this gateway, about the beginning of the century,\\npassed many of the settlers of Delaware Count}^ which lies\\nthirty miles to the northwest coming from Long Island, Connect-\\nicut, and from the counties beyond the Hudson. Down through\\nit now comes a large part of the produce, mainly butter, from\\nthat county to market. The settlers beyond the mountains have\\nalso sent back a man or two into the world, who emerged from\\nthese mountain portals.\\nIf searching varied scenery nearer the village of Shokan, you\\nmust not fail to walk two miles down to Bishop s Falls, to which\\nI alluded a moment ago, where the Esopus leaps into its little\\ncaQon. To get the complete picture, you must climb down to\\nthe foot of the falls, cautiously, for the rocks are slippery with\\nspray and slimy confervoid growths. Beside you is the deep dark\\npool where the fish love to lie; over your head, the long, cov-\\nered, age-colored Olive Bridge, spanning the chasm from abut-\\nments of living rock; in front, the rock amphitheater, raised still\\nhigher by a log dam at the top, down whose steps rushes the", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "160 THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS,\\ntumultuous water, white with the foam of its mad leap and\\nhoarse with the thunder of its breaking waves. On your right is\\nan old tannery, on j^our left a still older mill. This ancient mill\\nis historic. Through its decayed and moss-grown flume the\\nwater has flowed to grind a hundred harvests. Could its walls\\nrepeat the stories they have listened to, tell the events they have\\nseen, no other chronicle of the neighborhood were needed, for\\nthere have been few inhabitants within a circle of a dozen miles\\nwho have not driven under its roadway shed.\\nAbout a century ago a man named Bishop, with a baker s\\ndozen of children, came down from Delaware County\u00e2\u0080\u0094 curiously\\nenough to settle here. The space about these falls was all\\ncommons, and Mr. Bishop bought a large tract on one side of\\nthe river for a few cents an acre. His tirst move was to take\\nadvantage of the magniflcent water-power, and erect a small mill,\\nbuilding so well that the solid oaken timbers stand to-day as\\nfirmly as when first put up, but browned by the lights and\\nshadows of the long years which have soaked into their pores.\\nThe first machinery, an undershot wheel and simple gearing, was\\nmade entirely of wood whittled out by Bishop himself; where he\\ngot his buhr-stones, or whether he had any, I do not know.\\nThese contrivances lasted some years, but one winter were torn\\naway by ice. Then a workman from Kingston made a wooden\\ntub-wheel. This also stood a long time, but a few years ago was\\nreplaced by a turbine wheel, and the primitive gearing by the\\niron shafts and cog-wheels in present use. Meanwhile, under the\\nceaseless turning of the stream of life, the owner wore out along\\nwith his wheels, and Mr. Bishop was laid aside. Some would\\nthink this pioneer might have said, My life is one dem d horrid\\ngrind but we have no record that he even thought of his stay\\non the earth thus harshly.\\nThe old mill, in its stability, regularity, and slow movement, is\\nnot a bad type of the men who bring their harvests to be crushed;\\nand while waiting, grind between the stones of each other s com-\\nments the grist of neighborhood gossip. They differ mainly in\\nthe cut of their coats from those who came when the old mill was\\nnew, for they have preserved the traditions and customs of their\\nforefathers with great tenacity. Their faces show the mixture of\\nYankee and Dutch blood which flows in their veins, and the\\nthrift in their farming and their incessant whittling further attest\\nthe double parentage. All the farms have been in the families\\nof those who now own them for several generations, but still\\nyield abundantly. The aged orchards, the pieces of large second-\\ngrowth timber, the occasional ruin where once stood a home-\\nstead, the many low, old-style, tumble-down houses, show how\\nlong the vaUey has been under the plow.\\nThus far, these paragraphs remain a fair account of life all\\nalong this and the neighboring valleys and mountain slopes, but", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "THE TOtJK OF THE CATSKILLS. 161\\nthe following picture can no longer be realized by a visitor to the\\nEsopus Valley, where the old self-sufficiency has been replaced\\nby worldly notions, ambitions, and materials, introduced by the\\nsummer boarder and the fast mail.\\nThe simplest mechanical arts, I recorded in the Centennial\\nyear, never had much foot-hold here, for every young man\\nlearns all the trades as well as the methods of agriculture, and by\\nthe time he is twenty-four is supposed to be proficient in every\\nhandicraft likely to be of use to an independent farmer. He is a\\nwheelwright, a blacksmith, a house carpenter, a stone-mason, a\\nshoemaker; can patch his harness, repair his gun, or intelli-\\ngently tinker the few pieces of machinery which have forced\\ntheir way from the outside world of labor-saving inventions into\\nthese quiet precincts. You find a workshop on every farm and\\na more or less complete set of tools for each of the trades. The\\ncutting and splitting of hoop-poles occupies profitably many a\\nrainy day, after the farmer has seen that his hoes lack no\\nhandles and his ox-yoke does not need a new bow.\\nOn the other hand, the women are skilled in all those\\nhousehold industries which were considered the accomplish-\\nments of the Puritan maidens, and are slow to displace the spin-\\nning-wheel by the sewing-machine. Of course the testimony of\\ntheir proficiency as cooks is new every morning and fresh\\nevery evening. In the long August afternoons, when the mel-\\nlow sun glances upon the circles of ruddy cider apples under the\\nbroad orchard trees, and the cat drowses on the door-step, guard-\\ning the immaculate kitchen from the invasion of the chickens, is\\nheard the loud rhythmic purring of the spinning-wheel, rising\\nand dying away like the droning of the giant bee. Watching\\nthe plainly attired woman walking back and forth beside her\\nwhirring wheel, guiding with dextrous hands the fieecy lengths\\nshe holds, one can easily think himself back in the good old\\ncolony times, when the maidens paused in their spinning to\\nchat of the news brought in the last ship from England, or\\nguided their yarn with tremulous hands and beating hearts\\nwhile their lovers were silently watching them through the\\nmisty spokes of the flying wheel. The carding-bee has been out-\\ngrown, but the idea remains, and the people still find their\\npleasures in combining play with work; husking-bees, quiltings,\\nand raisings are yet the enthusiastic occasions of tremendous\\nlabor and equal fun. In the fall there is an occasional nutting\\nparty, or hunt for wild honey by lining the bees home to their\\ntreasure. Hundreds of pounds of fine honey are thus got every\\nyear out of these woods.\\nThe mountains which now appear grandly in the south and\\nsouthwest are the loftiest of the Catskills, and the wildest and", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "16/J THE TOTTR OF THE CATSKILLS.\\nmost picturesque part of tlie group lies in and about them a\\nregion almost uninhabited, and penetrated by only a few old\\nwood roads usually ending in nothing, or continued by some\\ngrown- up bark-peeler s track of long ago, or an obscure foot-\\npath known only to the local mountaineers, who tramp it once or\\ntwice late in the fall and winter to hunt bears and foxes, and\\nto gather wild honey. These peaks are about four miles distant,\\nand form a half-circle with long converging spurs. The central\\none of this group is Slide (4,220 feet), the highest and most Alpine\\nof all the Catskills, and next to it are Pcakamoose{dMii\\\\\\\\^Q, 3,875\\nfeet) and Table Mountain (altitude, 3,865 feet); but none of\\nthese three is to be seen from here. Their two great compan-\\nions, visible on this side, are Mount Cornell, 3,920 feet in altitude,\\nand crowned by a circle of cliffs, and The Wittenberg at its right,\\n3,824 feet high. Both are rough, densely wooded, and rocky, but\\nthey can be climbed from almost any approach. Mr. John Bur-\\nroughs and the present writer once walked to the top of the\\nWittenberg from Boiceville, with no great difficulty, by ascend-\\ning Travel Holloio from Boiceville, and keeping along the ridge of\\nCross Mountain, that long spur which reaches down almost to\\nthe railway. The ascent was very steep near the top, and the\\ndescent into the head of Woodland Hollow, on the other side,\\nwas a continual scramble down rocky ledges. Not a path was\\nseen the whole trip; and its adventures, which included a night\\nspent on the summit under an extemporized hut of hemlock\\nboughs, formed the subject of two articles in The Christian Union\\nfor June 18 and 25, 1891, in which some details may be found of\\nservice to any one who cares to repeat the ramble. These mount-\\nains show grandly from this side, but as the train advances\\nbeyond Shokan presently become hidden by the nearer mass of\\nMount Pleasant at the mouth of the Beaverkill, which comes in\\nfrom the northeast, and up whose valley you see Sugar Loaf,\\nRoundtop, High Peak, and other heights that look down on the\\nKaaterskill Clove. Here is the Mount Pleasant station, and from.\\nit a road runs up the Beaverkill and through to the populous\\nSawkill Valley, and so down to Saugerties, passing many farms\\nand litfe villages.\\nPhcenicia is the next stopping place, important mainly as the\\njunction of the Ulster Delaware and Stony Clove raih oads.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "THE TOUR OP THE CATSKILLS. 168\\nThe valley is here closely environed by shaggy mountains, which\\nare broken northeastward by a great gulch called Stony Clove\\nthe latter term an old Dutch word meaning a ravine, still in\\nuse all along the Hudson River, and appearing commonly in\\nSouth Africa in the modified form kloof. As you face the\\nClove, Tremper Mountain is close overhead on the right, its spurs\\nforming the right-hand wall of the Clove, and Mount Sheridan\\n(2,490 feet) is opposite on the left; while Mount Garfield (2,650\\nfeet) is directly westward, and Mount Romer southward, behind\\nthe observer. Esopus Creek and the Ulster Delaware Railroad,\\ntherefore, come down to Phoenicia between Mounts Garfield and\\nSheridan, and continue southward between Tremper and Romer.\\nLooking westward, between Romer and Garfield, one sees\\nsome ten miles distant the bulky mass of Panther Mountain\\n(3,800 feet) and the giant ledge reaching southward from its\\nshoulder at the head of Panther Kill. Panther Mountain is a\\nvast elevated plateau of dense rough forests, abounding in big\\ngame, and utterly destitute of roads, paths, or people. Those in\\nsearch of a wilderness, and desirous of roughing it, can be\\nrecommended to go thither, and work their way along to Slide\\nand the head of the Rondout until they get enough of it.\\nPhoenicia contains, besides several boarding-houses, the great\\nTremper House, the first large hotel to be built in this part of the\\nmountains. Its elevated situation above the surrounding plain\\ngives it perfect drainage; accommodates 300 guests. A good path\\nleads to the great out-look-ledge on Mount Sheridan, and a carriage\\nroad ascends to the summit of Mount Tremper, while just over\\nthe hills, at the left, is the pleasant Woodland Valley, as they\\nnow call Snyder Hollow, which is some nine miles long, and\\nreaches backward, parallel with the railroad, to the very foot of\\nthe Wittenberg.\\nSTONY CLOVE, HUNTER, AND TANNERSVILLE.\\nStony Clove is a deep and narrow ravine, where many ledges\\nof bare rock break the monotony of the steep and wooded\\nmountain-sides. A little stream comes cascading down its clef t,\\nand the old wagon road still climbs beside it. It is perhaps true\\nthat it has long been regarded as one of the great scenic\\nattractions of the Catskills but it is by no means so interesting\\nas Kaaterskill Clove, nor does it compare with some of the", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "164 THE TOUR OP THE CATSKILLS.\\nrailway passes in the mountains of Virginia or East Tennessee.\\nThe railway, built about 1880, is a narrow-gauge line called\\n8tony Clove Catskill Mountain Railucay^ leased by the Ulster\\nDelaware Co. All passengers must change cars, but freight-\\ncars are lifted from their wheels, balanced upon the little\\nnarrow-gauge trucks, and hauled through without unloading.\\nThe terminus is Hunter. Three miles below Hunter a connect-\\ning narrow-gauge line called Kaaterskill Railroad, and the\\nproperty of the Ulster Delaware Co., diverges to the east\\nfive miles, to a terminus at Otis Summit station, at the head of\\nthe Otis Elevating By. The fare on these lines is 10 cents a\\nmile; and on many of the trains are run open cars similar to\\nthose between Brooklyn and Coney Island.\\nThree small stations, two of which are little more than chair\\nfactories, are passed in the ascent of the canon, where au elevation\\nof 1,273 feet is gained in ten miles, and in some places the grade is\\nas high as 187 feet to the mile. One of the stations, Chichester s,\\nis at Ihe mouth of a side ravine called Ox Clove. The summit\\nis reached in an especially narrow pass named The Notch, where\\nthere is scarcely room in the bottom for the wagon road and\\nrailroad together, and the rocky w^alls are steep but beautifully\\noverhung with vines and shrubber3^ Four miles beyond, and\\naround at the left, is the village of Hunter, forming a long street\\nalong the base of Hunter Mountain, next to Slide the highest of\\nthe Catskill peaks. It is an old place, and has churches, fac-\\ntories, a weekly newspaper, etc., but has become prominent as a\\nsummer resort since the completion of the railway, and has\\nseveral large hot^^ls and so many boarding-houses that nearly\\n2,000 visitors can be entertained in this locality. Mount Hunter\\n(altitude, 4,038 feet) and The Colonel s Chair (altitude, 3,165 feet)\\novershadow the town, and are ascendible by good paths.\\nStages leave Hunter daily, except Sunday, for Lexington,\\n9 miles, fare 75 cents; Hensonville, 7 miles, fare 75 cents;\\nWindham, 9 miles, fare $1. These are pretty villages along the\\nSchoharie, of which Windham is the best known, and has long\\nbeen a favorite with the migrants who scatter through these\\nmountains in summer. The vicinity is especially noted for its\\nexcellent and shady roads, especially that to the cleared summit\\nof Mount Pisgah, whence a landscape of unusual breadth and\\nvariety is spread before the gaze.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "THE TOtJK OP THE CATSKILLS. l65\\nFive miles east of Hunter, by the turnpike, or six by the rail-\\nroad (Kaaterskill branch), is Tannersville, which is distinctively\\na summer resort. It abounds in small hotels and boarding-houses,\\nas well as a great number of small cottages, scattered over a wide\\narea of uplands, pretty thoroughly cleared of trees, so that there\\nis a lack of shade and a plenitude of dust. Able and willing to\\naccommodate anybody vying with other places in point of chenp-\\nness, and accessible by rail and stage from both Kingston and\\nCatskill, Tanuersville has become the resort of a very mixed and\\nrapidly moving summer population, and is a great resort, in par-\\nticular, of our Israelitish brethren, who love to gather where they\\ncan be together. A great circle of high mountains surrounds the\\ntown. On the east are North and South mountains. High Peak\\n(or Mount Lincoln), and Roundtop; on the south, Sugar Loaf, half\\nhidden by Clum Hill (the ascent of which is a favorite walk, and\\nabout as much mountaineering as the visitors there care to under-\\ntake, or would better try, if they depend upon their fanciful imita-\\ntions of the alpenstock); and westward rise the bulky masses of\\nPlateau and Hunter mountains; while northward is Mount\\nParker (or Spruce Top), and more distant, and the only really\\ninteresting peaks of the lot, are Black Dome and Blackhead. If\\none goes to the mountains simply to join a rollicking, highly\\nvaried crowd, which is bent upon having a good time without\\nmuch expense or attention to conventionalities, the Tanners-\\nville district will suit him; but it is not the place for quiet folk,\\nwho seek in the hills something else than a cheap copy of the noise\\nand amusements of the city they have left behind.\\nTannersville is the station for several of the elegant and\\nexclusive of the associations of cottagers that are annually becom-\\ning more numerous in the Catskills, including Elka Park, Scho-\\nharie Manor, and Onteora Park.\\nOnteora Park is a preserve of some 3,000 acres on a hill-slope\\na mile or more north of Tannersville, and separated from it by a\\nvalley which was selected originally as a summer homestead by\\nMrs. F. B. Thurber of musical fame, and the wife of one of New\\nYork s leading merchants, with Mrs. Candace Wheeler and Miss\\nDora Wheeler, the artists, as neighbors.\\nIt was a place, we are told, where daisied meadows rolled away\\nfrom their feet, and fir forests climbed the heights behind them", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "t6u THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS.\\nwhere little brooks trickled through the shadows of the woods,\\nacd away to the left the hills stood aside to show a glimpse of the\\nsilver Hudson, beyond which rolled again blue billows of distant\\nhills, which were the Berkshires. Here is our home, they said,\\nwithout more ado, and began to build mountain lodges of unhewn\\nspruce logs, with pillars of the silver-skinned birch, having\\nwithin great low-timbered rooms with wide fireplaces, floors\\nstrewn with the skins of bear trapped in the forest behind them,\\nand furnished and fitted in the rustic fashion suiting such a\\ndwelling.\\nEvery autumn there were collected here parties of well-known\\nartists, litterateurs, and musicians. These began to take envious\\ncounsel among themselves seeing all this uncostly pleasure and\\nsimple beauty\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and to say: Why can t w^e have the same thing?\\nA land company was organized, which purchased 3,000 acres of\\nthe mountain, so that no intruders might come in and spoil the\\nlovely environments of the place. A rustic and picturesque inn\\nwas built, christened the Bear and Fox. A good road to the top\\nof the mountain was made through the woods, and a number of\\ncharming little cottages sprinkled about at odd intervals, all of\\nlogs and rustic in character, but individual in design.\\nThis club has a peculiar purpose. It is not meant for rich\\npeople, but for cultured and elegant ones. The land is sold, or\\ncottages rented, or camping-places and board at the inn are offered\\nto the right people at very low rates, and denied to unacceptable\\napplicants at any price. Artists are numerous, and make it a\\npoint to leave in the club-house some brush memento of their\\nvisit. Says a happy guest: Famous people whose names are\\non the backs of well-known books, down on the right-hand\\ncorner of beautiful paintings, or signed to musical scores, lounge\\nabout in flannels all day, reading, sketching, or simply inviting\\ntheir souls, and in the evening cluster about the great altar in\\nfront of the inn, where a huge log-heap blazes every evening,\\nhealthily weary with out-of-door sports, tossing brilliant fancies\\nabout or trolling minstrel songs to a banjo. There is Gilder, the\\neditor of the Century, with his slender dark face and cavernous\\neyes lit by the firelight. Hamilton Bell, the young\\nEnglishman who designs all Daly s gorgeous stage-settings and\\nthe Rehan s picturesque costumes, has his note-book on his knees\\nexplaining to the noted pianist who makes her home with Mrs.\\nThurber how Mrs. Potter s Cleopatra costumes are to look when\\nhe has finished them. It is the paradise of busy women.\\nWhenever a clever, gifted girl is working for her living she finds\\nthe Onteora Club ready to make her entry here so reasonable that\\neven her slender purse can afford it, and several of them have\\nhomes here already, simple as may be, but their own, where they\\ncan come and meet the most charming people in the whole of\\nAmerica, and yet not be overshadowed by the French dressmaker\\nof richer women.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS. 167\\nElka Park is an organization of somewhat similar character\\nand limitations which has lately purchased a large tract of land\\non Spruce Top, at the source of the Schoharie, and a mile or so\\nbeyond Onteora Park. Its members are mainly the gentlemen of\\nthe Liederkranz Society, and others prominent in German society\\nin New York; and it will doubtless perfect an encampment of\\nsummer residences as interesting and beautiful as Onteora,\\nSchoharie Manor having within its boundaries a large club\\nhouse in the colonial style, termed the Schoharie Mansion is a\\nrecent addition to cottage clubdom in the Catskills, occupying 300\\nacres adjacent to Elka Park.\\nAnother association, originating in the Twilight Club of New\\nYork, has a tract of land called Twilight Park, at the head of\\nKaaterskill Clove, upon which an excellent club-house and many\\npretty cottages have been built among the trees, whose windows\\nlook across and down the Clove,\\nStill farther, along the steep acclivity of Roundtop, is a\\nsimilar newer park, called Santa Cruz, nearly opposite the Hotel\\nKaaterskill. The station for both these parks and for Haines\\nFalls is Haines Corners, a mile beyond Tannersville, and itself\\nthe center of a large number of small hotels and farm board-\\ning-houses, mostly possessed by some member of the old and\\nnumerous Haines family, whose farms join one another in a sort\\nof continuous tribal possession all around the head of the\\nKaaterskill Clove.\\nTwo miles more brings the train to the Laurel House station,\\nand just beyond to the station on South Lake, half-a-mile\\nto the rear of the Hotel Kaaterskill, and less than a mile farther\\nis the terminus {Otis Summit) at the head of the Otis Elevating\\nRailway. This eastern group of hotels and lofty points of\\ninterest overlooking the Hudson belongs rather to Catskill\\n(city) than to the present connection, and will be spoken of\\nmore particularly hereafter (see Chap. VI), and it is necessary\\nnow only to point out, as has been done, that they are accessible\\nin the rear, as it were, by this all-rail route from Kingston or the\\ninterior mountain towns via Stony Clove; and that they can be\\nseen, or made halting-places, upon an interesting round- trip from\\nKingston to Catskill (city), or vies versa, by way of the Ulster\\nDelaware, Stony Clove, Otis Elevated, and Catskill Mountain", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "168 THE TOUR OF THE CATSKTLLS.\\nrailroads. This can be done in a single day, at a cost of $5 to $7,\\nby any one who can not afford more time, or whose curiosity will\\nbe satisfied by so rapid a glimpse; and it is well worth doing. The\\nfare from the top of the Elevating Railway to Catskill city is|l,75.\\nFrom Flicunicia westward the Ulster Delaware Railroad\\nfollows up the valley of the Esopus between Mount Sheridan on\\nthe right and Panther Mountain on the left, making ils first stop at\\nShanda/cen, in a valley which already has many hotels and board-\\ning-houses, and seems destined to grow rapidly in population.\\nIts most prominent hotel is Goodheim s Palace, formerly\\nwidely known as Lament s, at the entrance to Beep Notch, through\\nwhich a road leads to the Westkiil Valley, Vinegar Hill, and Lex-\\nington on the Schoharie.\\nStages from Shandaken run daily, except Sunday, throughout\\nthe year: For Bushnellville, 3 miles, fare 35 cenls; Westkiil, 7\\nmiles, fare 75 cents; Lexington, 11 miles, fare $1.\\nMaking a sharp turn westward at that point, under the brow\\nof Rose Hill (northward), the road winds its way through wild\\nhills to Big Lidian (station), at the mouth of Big Indian Creek,\\nwhich is really the head of the Esopus, since it is a larger stream\\nthan that which comes more directly from Pine Hill and is followed\\nby the railroad.\\nThis name Big Indian has been accounted for by a variety\\nof fantastic stories, of which one given by Van Loan is as\\nfollows: In 1832 Theodore Guigou, founder of the family so\\nclosely identified with the history of this district since then,\\nsettled at Pine Hill, and was shown a stump of a large pine tree,\\ncarved in the form of an Indian, near the present site of the Big\\nIndian station. He was then told by one of the old settlers that an\\nIndian whose height was eight feet was buried near the stump.\\nThe Indian was chased by a pack of wolves and killed near this\\nspot. The beautiful and wild valley just beyond was then\\nnamed Big Indian. A more recent and elaborate tale makes\\nthis red giant the hero of a love affair in which he was shot by\\nhis white rival, and found afterward standing dead, but erect, in a\\nhollow tree, whither he had crawled after receiving the fatal bullet.\\nBig Indian Greek, or the Upper Esopus, rises high up on the\\nnorthern slope of Slide Mountain, receiving the tribute of scores\\nof springs and rivulets from Big Indian and Balsam mountains\\non the west, and from the Giant Ledge and Panther Mountain on\\nthe east, and it is a fine clear, cold Alpine stream, once alive", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "Fold-oi\\nPlacehol\\nThis fold-out is being digitized, and\\nfuture date.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS. 169\\nwith trout, and still holding enough to give good sport to those\\nwho are skillful in angling.\\nBalsam Mountain is really a part of the summit divide\\nintervening between the Big Indian and Dry Brook, and is\\ninteresting for the sake of the Lost Clove, a long valley which\\nsplits it in two, and opens here in plain sight of Big Indian sta-\\ntion ahead on the left. The name refers to the mysterious actions\\nof an educated, well-mannered man named Flint, who, about\\n1856, built a log cabin far up the Clove. He would occasionally\\ngo away for a month at a time, and return with a good supply of\\nmoney, procuring provisions at tlie country store, after which\\nhe would disappear among the mountains again. He employed\\na woman to cook, who, with her child, remained with him four\\nor five years. He eventually abandoned the place, and ten\\nyears afterward it was known that a man of the same name had\\ndied in Sing Sing Prison while confined there for counterfeiting\\nUnited States coin. Van Loan, who notes the incident, remarks\\nthat the seclusiveness and all the mystery surrounding the\\nmovements of this man, among a people who are accustomed to\\nknow not only the movements but the motives of all their neigh-\\nbors, have connected the Lost Clove with the counterfeiter; and\\nthe white smoke seen in those days rising above the tree-tops\\nnear tlic head of the Clove is thought to have come from the fur-\\nnace used in preparing the spurious metal.\\nUp tlie Big Indian Valley lies the route to Slide Mountain,\\nthe summit of which is lOJ miles by carriage road and foot-path\\nfrom Big Indian station. Five miles from the station is a small\\nhotel kept by J. W. Dutcher, where many stop overnight so as to\\ngive themselves the whole of the next day for the ascent. Mr.\\nDutcher is an old resident who feels a sort of proprietorship in\\nthe mountain, and no one could be a more trustworthy or inter-\\nesting guide than he.\\nThe carriage road ascends three miles beyond Dutcher s, end-\\ning at the gates of Winnisook Lodge, a woodland preserve\\nowned by a club, mainly of Kingston citizens. A novel and\\ncommodious club-house has been erected, and a bit of choice\\nmountain water has been converted into a small lake; there are\\nalso two or three private cottages. About two miles beyond\\nthis, on the west branch of the Neversink, is the State Deer Park,\\nwhich covers a portion of the 80,000 acres of State domain in the\\nCatskills. It contains a fine herd of deer and some other wild\\nanimals, which are breeding successfully, and is well worth a\\nvisit. Frona here on (2i miles) the asceut must be cojitinued on", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "170 THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS.\\nfoot, but there is a fair path, which is being made iuto a bridle-\\nroad by the State. The great land-slip, or slide, to which the\\npeak owes its name, and the scar of which is plain in a long, bare,\\nvertical streak upon its face, is said to have occurred during a\\nperiod of excessively rainy weather half a century ago; but history\\nhas recorded no particulars of the catastrophe.\\nThis crowning crag of the Catskills, says the intelligent\\nwriter of a recent pamphlet issued by the railway company, is\\nthe grandest and most interesting of the whole group.\\nThe view from this mountain transcends thai of any other in the\\nrange, it being nearly 200 feet above the highest. Here the\\nlordly Hudson, like a broad silver ribbon with an occasional\\nfold hidden from view, is seen for about fifty miles, extending\\nfrom the gate of the Highlands to near Hudson. The cities of\\nPoughkeepsie and Kingston, and numerous villages in New York\\nand Connecticut, are in sight. The Housatonic River also shim-\\nmers faintly far to the east, and portions of six different States\\ncan be identified. In the sublime sweep of vision from the\\nobservatory are streams, lakes, valleys, farms, factories, church\\nspires, railroads, and mountains piled on mountains. To greet\\nthe rising sun from this crest on a clear morning, and watch\\nagain as it sinks over the rugged rim of mountains away to the\\nwest, is an experience that no description can portray or antici-\\npate. A recent visitor was delighted with a most novel effect\\npresented by the receding sun there on a remarkably clear after-\\nnoon. He says the huge lengthening shadow of the giant mount-\\nain, as it reached out toward the river, finally extended over the\\ncity of Kingston, and he plainly saw tlie whole city lying in the\\ngloom of Slide Mountain. This is twelve or fourteen miles\\naway through the air, and it is thus evident that the familiar\\ncharacterization of Kingston as being in the shadow of the\\nCatskills is not merely figurative, but real. A large portion of\\nthis mountain, including the crest, belongs to the State. The\\nspruce trees on and near the top are very thickly branched, so\\nthat one can recline upon their tops with ease. An excellent\\nspring of water has been found near the crest [and]\\nsome choose to spend the night on this summit, which is indeed\\na decision fraught with varied possibilities, for which ample\\npreparation in advance is peculiarly judicious. But the sublime\\nexperience fully warrants the risk of encountering the terrible\\natmospheric conflicts that at times culminate there. Plenty of\\nfood and an abundance of warm clothing and blankets should be\\nprovided. A convenient ledge of rocks will be found, under\\nwhich a small party can secure shelter.\\nStages from Big Indian run daily, except Sunday, throughout\\nthe season: For Olivera, 2% miles, fare 25 cents; Slide Mountain\\nP. O., 5 miles, fare 50 cents; Winnisook Lodge, 8)^ miles, fare", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS. 171\\n75 cents; Branch, 12 miles, fare $1; Frost Valley, 15 miles, fare\\n$1; Clary ville, 22 miles, fare $1.25.\\nAt Big Indian station is begun the ascent of Pine Hill, the\\nsummit dividing the watershed of the Hudson from that of the\\nDelaware. Presently there appears on the sky-line ahead the\\nbroad white front of the Grand Hotel, which by the road is less\\nthan three miles distant. The railway, however, must take a\\nmore devious course in order to maintain its ascending gradient\\nof about one hundred and fifty feet to the mile, and before reach-\\ning the top halts at Pine Hill station, beneath which, in the fair\\nvalley, lies the scattering and pretty hamlet of Pine Hill. Besides\\nthe many summer hotels and cottages, the village has churches,\\nstores, a weekly newspaper, and other features showing a con-\\nsiderable permanent population.\\nFor a charming valley tramp from Pine Hill, the reader is\\nadvised to follow up Birch Brook in which, if you are keen-\\neyed, you may discover speckled trout lying in its deep, quiet\\npools to Bushnellville; cross the divide into Deep Notch, with\\nits summer ice-beds; follow Angle Brook down it to Shandaken,\\nand then turn up the Shandaken Valley and follow the wagon\\nroad back to Pine Hill. It will take the greater part of a day.\\nIn the mile and a half of long curve beyond, 226 feet of height\\nare gained, at the end of which the train halts in front of the\\nGrand Hotel, on the summit, 1,886 feet above tide-level, and\\nforty one miles from Rondout,\\nGrand Hotel is an important summer station. A few rods\\ndistant is the hotel, the largest of this region, and opened in\\n1881. It has a frontage of 675 feet; is luxurious in its appoint-\\nments, costly, and exclusive in its patronage. Every means of\\nelegant amusement and fashionable mountaineering is provided\\nfor, and wealth and beauty find there the most congenial com-\\npany and surroundings. The expenditures for fittings and\\nappointments seem to have been practically without limit, and\\neach season appears to bring a greater share of tourist patron-\\nage, many returning year after year. From the hotel piazzas,\\nor, better, from the top of the isolated, bare-topped Summit\\nMountain, or Monka Hill, as it is now styled, just behind\\nthe hotel, and 1,000 feet higher, one gets a wide, unobstructed,\\nand inspiring view, through the clear, bracing, balsamic air, of\\nmountains and valleys, the more beautiful because on all sides\\n14", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "172 THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS.\\ntbe refinement of civilization mingles with the savagery of nature.\\nSouthward, in the sky, is old King Slide, only slightly over-\\ntopping its aspiring neighbors; westward, the farms and hamlets\\nof Delaware County, and far down under the projecting rocks on\\nwhich you stand is the green, primeval, wooded, and far-extend-\\ning valley. A carriage road reaches this eminence.\\nThe range of high hills west of the line, and facing the Grand\\nHotel, is named Belle Ayr, and its slope, Iliglimount, has two\\nhotels\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the Grampian and Belle Ayr in the center of a cot-\\ntage community, where building-lots are sold only under certain\\nrestrictions. At the western foot of the summit, where was\\nformerly the station called Griffin s Corners an ancient farming\\nsettlement a village of beautiful and costly houses has grown\\nup around that of Mr. Louis Fleisclimann, the great Vienna-bread\\nbaker and restaurateur of Broadway and 10th streets, New\\nYork. Here have gathered many German friends of wealth and\\ncultivation, including Anton Seidl, the orchestra leader. The\\nstation a.-d park is now known as Fleisclimann s.\\nIn these swift-descending valleys springs one of the sources\\nof the Delaware, and four miles below Fleischmann s the East\\nBranch of that great river is encountered at Arkville, under the\\nshadow of Pakataghkan Mountain (altitude, 8,000 feel), which is\\nsouth of the station, across Dry Brook. This is a cen ral point\\nfor many diverging roads up neighboring valleys. It is, in fact,\\none of the delightful features of all this part of the Catskills, and\\nespecially here in Delaware County, on the western slope, that\\none may drive in almost any direction over excellent roads and\\nfind the greatest diversity of scenery.\\nSeven miles southward, up Dry Brook, is Furlough Lake^\\nwhere George J. Gould has erected a handsome summer resi-\\ndence, within sight of his father s boyhood home near Roxbury.\\nAlder Lake, still farther south, is a private fish and game preserve,\\nowned by a club of Kingston gentlemen, who sequestrate them-\\nselves and their families there in midsummer, and have trout\\nevery day. The streams which concentrate here have not only\\nbeen long famous for fishing, but soon after the Revolution\\nmade the place conspicuous by a novel accident. One autumn\\na sudden and tremendous rainfall on the mountains created\\nterrific freshets in all the streams. A Western man would now\\nsay, There was a cloudburst and the creeks boomed. One old\\nfarmer was first made ^ware of the high water by hearing his", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "i/^l", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "THE TOUR OP THE CATSKILLS. 173\\nchildren crying in the night, and reached out of his high four-\\nposter to find their trundle-bed all afloat. It was before harvest,\\nand thousands of ripe pumpkins were swept down by the flood,\\nwhich was spoken of ever afterward as the pumpkin freshet.\\nStages run from Arkville daily, except Sunday, throughout\\nthe year: For Margaretville, 2 miles, fare 15 cents; Clark s\\nFactory, 6 miles, fare 50 cents; Andes, 13 miles, fare $1; Delhi,\\n26 miles, fare |1.75; Lumberville, Smiles, fare 50 cents; Uuion\\nGrove, 12 miles, fare 75 cents; Shavertown, 15 miles, fare $1;\\nPepacton, 19 miles, fare $1.25; and Downsville, 26 miles, fare\\n|1.50; Lake Delaware, 20 miles, fare $1.50.\\nThe railway here turns sharply north, and ascends the East\\nBranch of the Delaware for a dozen miles to its source on Irish\\nMountain, passing through a country of dairy farms, long ago\\nsettled by Scotch and Scotch Irish people, where many visitors now\\nfind rural entertainment. 3Iount Pisgah (altitude, 3,425 feet) is\\nconspicuous off at the left; and Vly Mountain and Bloomberg are\\nprominent peaks in the Summit Range at the right, recalling by\\ntheir names the Dutchmen who first lived at their bases; the\\nlatter is visible from Tannersville. In the valley of the Schoharie,\\nbeyond those mountains, are Gilboa, Prattsville (both reached by\\ndaily stage from Grand Gorge station, fare 50 and 40 cents\\nrespectively), Huntersfield, Windham, and various other popular\\nvillages and objects of interest already spoken of.\\nPmtlsmUe has perhaps 1,000 inhabitants, and, in addition to\\nthe loveliness of its situation and the miles of maple-shaded roads\\nthat diverge from it in all directions, possesses an extraordinary\\ncuriosity in what are locally known as the Pratt Rocks, which are\\ndaily visited by wondering tourists.\\nOld Col. Z. Pratt, long since dead, used to own much property\\nin and about Prattsville, including this hillside crested with\\nbeetling rocks. With the view of improving upon nature,\\nKirk Munro tells us, the good colonel employed sculptors of\\nwhose skill you can judge when you see their.work to carve\\nfrom these re cks many quaint devices, for which he furnished\\nthe designs. Horses, dogs, and human figures are mingled in the\\ngeneral plan, and as each was finished it was painted white to\\nresemble marble. There they still remain, much to the astonish-\\nment of the passing traveler who has not been informed concern-\\ning them. Every bowlder on the hillside is also carved into some\\nshape different from that which it originally assumed. The\\n*The same name is alf^o applied to a lofty mountain northwest of Windham,\\nHigh Peak, at the head of Mitchell Hollow, in Greene County.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "174 THE TOUIl OF THE CATSKILLS.\\nwhole forms a unique and enduring memorial of the eccentric\\ncolonel,\\nHuntersfleld Mountain, six miles northeast, gives one of the\\nmost far-reaching views in the Catskills; and other neighboring\\nlieiglits are well worth climbing. Another object of special\\ninterest, one mile distant, is Devasago Falls and the narrow\\ncanon into which the current plunges by a leap of fifty feet.\\nRoxbury, the next station, is an old-time dairy-farming vilhige\\nsnugly packed away between hills that are dotted with cattle\\nand pastures and dairy barns. It is of growing importance as a\\nsummer resort, and is interesting to the outside world as the boy-\\nhood home of Jay Gould, the deceased railway financier, and of\\nJohn Burroughs, the naturalist-author. It is not generally known,\\nby the way, that Mr. Gould was also author of something besides\\nrailway certificates and Wall Street rumors; but it is a fact that\\nwhen a young man he wrote a history of this region a book\\nnow extremely scarce. A pretty memorial church has been\\nerected and a free library established here, to the memory of her\\nfather, by Miss Helen Gould.\\nAt South Gilhoa, a short distance farther, the Delaware\\nDivide is attained, and one has a fine outlook over the valleys\\nand through the mountains, the scene increasing in beauty as the\\nline swings westw^ard around the base of Mount Utsayantha,\\nand runs down to Stamford.\\nStamford, to quote the enthusiastic, but not overdrawn,\\npicture in the Ulster Delaware s little book, is the prettiest\\nand most charming village in the Catskills. It is seventy-four\\nmiles by rail from the river, and 1,767 feet above it. The eaily\\nsettlers were from Stamford, Conn., after which this place was\\nnamed about a hundred years ago. The situation in the lovely open\\nvalley at the headwaters of the Delaware Kiver, on the western\\nborder of the Catskills, with lofty mountain crags rising abruptly\\nand grandly almost from the village streets, is most delightful.\\nNature has bestowed liberally here, and man may well admire\\nand appreciate. For a summer mountain-home with all the\\nrequisites\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the best air, the best water, the best scenery, the best\\ndrives, and the most wholesome and pleasing moral atmosphere\\nit will be hard to equal Stamford. Mount Utsayantha towers\\n3,203 feet in the air, near the village, the sightly crest being", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS. 175\\nreached by a short drive up the slope over a good road. From\\nthe tower oa this mountain the eye rests upon one of the most\\nmagnificent panoramas to be found anywhere, covering an area\\nof 20,000 square miles, and embracing twenty-eight prominent\\npeaks in the Catskill Range. Mount Churchill, a sister peak near\\nby, will also be surmounted by a tower, to wiiich a road is\\npromised. Utsayantha is an Indian name, in connection with\\nwhich forest tradition contains the details of a sad tragedy in\\nwhich a beautiful Indian maiden, her babe, and her wdiite hus-\\nband lost their lives.\\nWest of Stamford begin the little streams which braid into\\nthe great Susquehanna, later. One mile east is Bear Creek, which\\nempties into the Schoharie. Thus within a half-hour s drive\\none may drink from the headwaters of three great rivers. One\\nhundred years ago a battle between the citizen soldiery and the\\nIndians and Tories was fought on the present village site, which\\nthen contained only two houses.\\nKot until 1872 was Stamford thought of by summer vis-\\nitors. Then two Brooklyn gentlemen drove over from Pratts-\\nviile and sauntered into the seminary, then in charge of Dr. S. E.\\nChurchill. Being delighted with the locality, they prevailed\\nupon Doctor Churchill to open his house to summer guests, and\\nfrom that time to this the business has steadily increased.\\nChurchill Hall was erected in 1883, and has since been\\nenlarged. In 1898 he completed a larger and more elegantly\\nappointed hotel, The Rexmere. Meanwhile other hotels\\nhave arisen in the village, which has a population of about\\n1,500, and does much business, especially in dairy products.\\nSome of these, as the excellent Delaware House, are open\\nthe year round; while others, as the Grant House, Gre}\\ncourt, etc., are large summer hotels only. In addition to\\nall this, many very attractive private cottages are scattered\\nall through the village, which looks as prosperous and well-\\ngroomed as if it were all a part of a city park. The village\\nhas five thriving churches, a union free school, water-w^oiks,\\nelectric lights, a National bank, numerous stores, a public library,\\nand two of the best country weekly newspapers in the State.\\nNear the village is Eagle s Nest, the home of the late Ned\\nBuntline, the story-writer, and originator of the much-abused\\ndime novel, though he can not justly be held responsible for\\nthe evil imitations which followed and debased his earlier work.\\nThe Kortrights, Jefferson, Harpersfield, and other rural com-\\nmunities frequented by city people in summer are within easy\\ndrivine: distance.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "176 THE TOUR OF THE CATSKILLS.\\nStages from Stamford run daily, except Sunday, throughout\\nthe year, to Harpersfield Center, 4| miles, fare 50 cenls; Daven-\\nport, 14 miles, fare $1; Oiieonta, 27 miles, fare $2; Jefferson,\\n7 miles, fare 75 cents; Summit, Schoharie County, 14 miles, fare\\n$1.25; Richmondville, 18 miles, fare $1.50.\\nHobart, four miles farther down the Delaware, is a pretty little\\nvillage, with a history antedating the Revolution. It is the west-\\nern terminus of the Ulster Delaware track proper; but the\\nnew Delaware Otsego Railroad has been completed to Bloom-\\nmile, about nine miles beyond, and trains run to that point.\\nSouth Kortriglit is an intermediate station, four miles south-\\nwest of Hobart. From Bloomville a stage goes daily on to\\nDelhi, eight miles farther (fare, 75 cents), giving a very pleasant\\nride. A stage also runs to Bovina Center, six miles from\\nBloomville (fare, 50 cents). The Delhi stage connects with the\\nmorning train from Rondout, on Sundays. It is possible to\\ndrive across from here to West Davenport, the terminus of the\\nCooperstown Charlotte Railroad, and go by rail to Cooperstown;\\nbut a better road and a more interesting country are seen by driv-\\ning or taking the stage down the Charlotte River Valley from\\nStamford, and the distance is little, if any, longer. From\\nCooperstown it is an easy matter to go down the lake and on to\\nRichfield Springs, or over to the New York Central Railroad and\\nback to Albany, and so make an interesting round-trip.\\nThis rounds out the Catskill tour.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "FOld-0\\nPlaceho\\nThis fold-out is being digitized, ai\\nfuture date", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "m", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND TO THE MOUNT-\\nAIN RESORTS.\\nRhinecliff, opposite Rondout, is the landing and railroad sta-\\ntion for Rhinebeck, 2% miles inland; stage fare, 25 cents. The\\nday-line boats no longer stop here, but this is the terminus of the\\nPhiladelpliia, Beading New England Railroad.\\nRhinebeck is an ancient, pleasant, and prosperous town on\\nthe old post road, now numbering some 2,000 inhabitants, an^\\nhaving two hotels. These, several village boarding-houses, and\\nmany of the long-settled surrounding farms, are filled with sum-\\nmer residents from the city. Its first-comer and the Patroon of\\nthe region was William Beekman, whose low-eaved stone house\\nis still standing on the high ground near the station, and is now\\noccupied (with additions) by the Hermance family. It was built\\nprior to 1700, and is an excellent example of the Dutch architect-\\nure of that period. The round port-holes under the eaves,\\nwhence an attack of Indians might be resisted, are still visible;\\nand the fact that here were instituted the first religious services\\nis not only a matter of history, but is attested by the very ancient\\ngrave-yard along the brow of the bluff near the house. Some\\ngrand views of the river and mountains are given by this road,\\nand a visit to Rhinebeck is well worth the trouble.\\nA fine villa with a pointed tower, seen a mile above Rhinecliff,\\nis Ferncliff, the Astor residence, formerly the home of William\\nAstor, and now occupied by John Jacob Astor third. Next\\ncomes Clifton Point, now the home of Louis Ehlers, and espe-\\ncially interesting to members of the Methodist Church in America\\nas having been built by Freeborn Garrettson, the eminent\\npreacher, who married a sister of Chancellor Livingston, and to\\nwhose energy is due much of the prosperity of that branch of the\\nChristian Church. Douglass Merrit lives just beyond at Leacote.\\nOpposite, in succession northward, are the estates of Albert Terry,\\nCharles M. Preston, J. N. Cordts, A. S. Staples, P. S. Gurney,\\nand Charles A. Shultz, the last just above the little landing called\\n(177)", "height": "3107", "width": "1848", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "178 KINGSTON TO CATSKTLL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS.\\nFlatbush; and still farther along the western bank are passed in\\nsuccession the cement- works of E, M, Brigham, and tlie residences\\nof C. O. Livingston, C. Coddingtoa, and Dr. G. F. Shrady. Tbe\\nlast is Pine Ridge, and is a little below the ice-house on Tur-\\nkey Point. Returning to the eastern side of the river: Oppo-\\nsite Doctor Shrady is Astofs Point, just below which can be seen\\nthe brown house with a square tower owned by F. H. Delano; and\\njust above it is Rokeby, built by one of the Astors, where\\nJ. W. Chanler now lives. The mansion with a Greek-pillared\\nfront, next northward, and behind Daisy Islet, is Edgewater,\\nthe home of E. C. Goodwin; and just beyond is the landing and\\nrailway station of Barrytown, known of old as Lower Red Hook,\\nbecause it served as the landing-place for Red Hook, an old-time\\nposting village two miles inland, and now a station on the Hart-\\nford Connecticut Western Railroad. There is a small hotel on\\nthe wharf.\\nImmediately above the landing is the Aspinwall home, Mas-\\nsena and half-a-mile farther, on a lofty bluff overlooking the\\ncove of South Bay, is Montgomery Hall, a magnificent place, the\\nhouse upon which was built by the widow of that General Mont-\\ngomery who fell at Quebec, and which is now inhabited by\\nCarleton Hunt. Just north of the Sawkill is St. Stephens\\n(theological) Seminary, near Annadale, the estate of John Bard;\\nand more inland, behind Cruger s Island, Deveaux Park, the\\nestate of Col. Charles Livingston, and more lately named\\nAlmonte. This brings the catalogue of things of interest to\\nCruger s Island, a peninsula where Col. J. C. Cruger has spent\\nmoney freely and well in landscape gardening, and has set up on\\nthe southern end of the island a quantity of architectural and\\nstatuesque ruins, brought many years ago from the prehistor c\\ncities of Central America. The channel passes close to them on\\none side and the railroad on the other, but only a mere glimpse of\\nthese interesting objects is attainable. The mansion was recently\\nburned.\\nThe marshy bayou north of Cruger s Island is North Bay, and\\nthe headland forming its northern shore is Tivoli, which takes its\\nname from the chateau erected here before the Revolution by\\none of the Livingstons, but more lately occupied by the family\\nof the late Col. J. L. De Peysler. This old house stands a short\\ndistance back of the railway station and landing, where a small", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS. 179\\nvillage has grown up. Somewhat southward of the chateau\\nstands Callender House, now occupied by Mrs. Kidd; and at\\nthe foot of its lawn, on the shore of North Bay, was built, in\\n1807, Robert Fulton s first steamboat, the Clermont, so named out\\nof compliment to Chancellor Livingston, who was the partner and\\nfinancial supporter of Fulton in this far-reaching enterprise.\\nAlong the post road here, two miles back from the river, upon\\nthe higher ground, live J. N. Lewis, near Upper Red Hook; then\\nthe Reverend Doctor Piatt; and next north, the De Peyster fam-\\nily. Tivoli itself is of importance mainly as the point of steam\\nferriage to Saugerties; but just above it is seen, among the trees\\nnear the shore, an interesting aute-revolutionary residence called\\nRose Hill, now the home of Gen. J. Watts De Peyster. It is\\nrelated that the British, on their way to burn Livingston s manor-\\nhouse, Clermont, a little above, in 1777, stopped here under\\nthe impression that this was the house to be destroyed; but the\\nowner, with the aid of his well-stocked wine-cellar, convinced\\nthem of their mistake, and Rose Hill was left unmolested.\\nThe Western Shore, which we have been passing, is less\\ninteresting, but worthy of attention. The residences as far as\\nTurkey Point, opposite Barrytown, have already been noted.\\nNorth of that point the shore is high, diversified in outline, and\\nwooded, and serves as a beautiful foreground to the Catskills, of\\nwhich we here obtain an uninterrupted view; but it is destitute of\\nbuildings deserving mention until the little valley town of Glasco\\nis seen, surrounded by brick-yards. Just south of Glasco is the\\nhouse of Henry Corse, Jr., and north, along the bluff, are the\\nhomes of Messrs. Polhemus, O. R. Spaulding, and of Mrs. Van-\\nderpool, a sister of the late President Martin Van Buren. In the\\nrear of these estates runs a highway which is excellent for driv-\\ning. Upon this road, opposite Barrytown, a notable object is the\\nancient FlathusTi Ghurcli, near which is Aunt Tren s Lake, now\\ncalled Lake Katrine, and turned into a picnic resort. Still farther\\ninland, in the lowlands along the Esopus, runs the West Shore\\nRailroad, with Glenerie and Mount Marion as stations, to the station\\nfor Saugerties, a mile west of that town.\\nSaugerties is a brisk and attractive village clustered about\\nthe gorge through which the Esopus finds an outlet to the", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "180 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS.\\nHudson. Its begiiiniugs were nearly as long ago as those of King-\\nston to whose jurisdiction it was attached when all this region\\nwas Esopus and it has grown by slow and substantial degrees.\\nThe impression one gets as he strolls about the well-shaded\\nstreets, and observes the character of the houses and their sur-\\nroundings, is that it is a town of a settled and well-to-do popula-\\ntion, among which it would be very agreeable to live if you were\\nnot tormented by abnormal energy. Grand views of the Catskills\\nare presented, and some of the finest pictures of the river may be\\nhad from these high shores, while the rocky cafion of the stream,\\nwith its great artificial fall, is an altogether unique feature in the\\nscenery of the Hudson, Barkley Heighls, south of the creek, is\\nan especially attractive part. The Catskills come nearer to the\\nHudson at this than at any other point; the Overlook, Kaaterskill,\\nand Mountain houses are in plain sight; and it is only a day s\\ndrive to any of them or to Tannersville.\\nThe Platterkill Glove, a great gorge that opens into the very\\nheart of the mountains, directly west of the village, is the special\\nproperty of Saugerties in the Catskillian collection of glens.\\nThe rural district at its entrance is a lovely plain, where nearly\\nevery farm-house is filled with city people in summer, aild at its\\nhead is the Plaaterkill Hotel, whose stages meet express trains at\\nSaugerties; but the Clove itself is the wildest of all the great\\nglens that separate the eastern peaks of the range, and the most\\ndiflicult to travel. Eighteen waterfalls may be counted in a\\nwalk up this clove, and the wild grandeur of the scene has defied\\nalmost every pen and pencil. The Kaaterskill and Stony cloves\\nare more frequented and less hazardous than the grand old Plat-\\nterkill, and almost as beautiful; yet with the latter we must feel\\nthe sympathy that one gives a defiant conqueror. It rests\\ncaptive, if you like, by the present day in one sense, but boldly\\nsuggestive of the days when its first inhabitants lived in it with-\\nout touching one stone or curve, one stream or angle, that nature\\nhad set there; and the steady stream of progress, or perhaps I\\nshould say tourist, may go on another fifty years before the\\nPlatterkill will succumb to the imperious claims of man.\\nSaugerties is an incorporated village, but has no bonded\\nindebtedness, and taxes are low. It has a daily and two weekly\\nnewspapers, several public schools, one parochial school, and an\\nacademy; seven churches, mountain water introduced by the\\ngravity system, electric and gas lights, telegraph and telephone\\ncommunication, and several hotels offering good accommodation,", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILT. AND THE MOUNTAIN llESOKTS. 181\\nas well as numerous summer boarding-houses in the village and\\nneighborhood. Stage fare to Mt. Airy House, 50 cents.\\nSaugerties is favorably situated for the location of industrial\\nenterprises. There is a wide-awake board of trade; transporta-\\ntion charges are reasonable; there are two banks of deposit and a\\nsavings bank; and abundant water-power and labor. The village\\nis already the seat of several important industries, among which\\nare the Shetheld Company, manufacturing writing-papers, blank-\\nbooks, and envelopes; the Martin Cautine Company, manufactur-\\ning coated papers and card board for lithographing purposes, and\\nthe factory of the Barkley Fiber Company, devoted to making\\nwood-pulp by the sulphide process. The great white-lead factory\\nat Glenerie belongs here too. Most of these establishments can\\nbe seen from the steamer, in the narrow harbor which has been\\nmade by the Federal Government, where the wharves measure a\\nmile or more along each side of the creek. Much space there is\\nyet available as sites for manufacturing concerns, and others may\\nbe found west of the village, near the railway. One of the chief\\nindustries of the place is in the quarrying, dressing, and shipment\\nof bluestone (here of Devonian age), which is largely carried on\\nat the landing called Maiden, just north of the village. The\\nmaking of brick is also extensively prosecuted in the neighbor-\\nhood. The West Shore Hailroad, a daily night-line of steamboats,\\nanil the ferry to the Hudson River Railroad, at Tivoli, keep\\nSaugertic.^ in close communication with New York, and make it\\na good place wherein to live or to do business.\\nNot many special objects remain to be pointed out along the\\nwestern shore from Saugerties to Catskill, where we leave Ulster\\nand pass into Greene County; the Eastern Shore, however,\\nabounds in facts of social and historic interest. Almost opposite\\nSaugerties is Idelc, the old Chancellor Place, lately the home of\\nMiss Clarkson, and the first estate in Columbia County, the\\ndivision-line between it and Dutchess County coming to the river\\nat this point; and half-a-mile above it, opposite the bluestone\\nwharves of Maiden, is Clermont, an early manor-house of\\nthe Livingstons, whose manorial church still stands about four\\nmiles inland. The present owner and occupant is Clermont\\nLivingston, a descendant of that sturdy patriot and statesman of\\nthe revolutionary period one of the Provincial Committee of\\nSafety, and first Chancellor of the State of New York Robert R,\\nLivingston, from whose time the present structure dates.\\nThe Story of Clermont. The Livingstons of New York\\nhave a long and genuine pedigree, descending from long before", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "182 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS.\\nthe days of James I. of Scotland, where an ancestor stood nearest\\nto that king. In 1600 Alexander, the seventh Lord Livingston,\\nwas created first Earl of Linlithgow, a title which descended to\\nthe fifth earl, who, in 1713, was made a peer of the United\\nKingdom; and our local name Lirdiihgo is derived from that fact.\\nBut this gentleman joined the Pretender, lost his earldom, which\\nhas never been restored, and the line is extinct. The fifth Lord\\nLivingston, guardian of Mary, Queen of Scots, whose daughter\\nwas one of the four Marys who were playmates and maids-\\nof-honor to that ur fortunate woman, founded a line of descend-\\nants, largely ministers of the Scotch Kirk, whence sprang an\\nadventurous young man named Robert, born in 1654; he, having\\nbeen exiled with his father to Holland, learned Dutch and Dutch\\nnotions of liberty, hastened to America as soon as he came of\\nage, and went to live at Albany, where he became prominent, and\\nremained until 1686. By that time he had purchased from the\\nIndians lands extending for twelve miles along the east bank of\\nthe Hudson River north of Roelif Jansen s Kill, extending\\ninland to the Massachusetts boundary, and embracing upward\\nof 160,000 acres, or about 250 square miles. This was created by\\nGovernor Dongan into the lordship and manor of Livingston.\\nIn 1692 he built a manor-house on the bank of the Hudson at the\\nmouth of Livingston Creek, but did not actually begin to live in\\nit until 1711. One of this Patroon s acts was to procure for\\nCaptain Kidd the commission for privateering against pirates,\\nwhich he turned to thrifty account by becoming head pirate\\nhimself; and more than one person has dug in the groimds of the\\nold manor for treasure said to be buried by him. To his eldest\\nson, Phillip, was left all this estate except about 13,000 acres\\nknown as the lower manor, which was given to the second son,\\nRobert, who called it Clermont. Phillip became the patriarch\\nof a family whose members occupied distinguished places in the\\nearly history of the United States, and are still prominent; but\\nthe lands were divided by his grandson among his heirs, break-\\ning up the old manor, to the ownership of which no special\\ndignity had been attached, of course, since the Declaration of\\nIndependence had abolished all American lordships. The\\nsame remark is true of the progeny of the other sons and daugh-\\nters of this highly endowed family. Meanwhile Robert had\\nbuilt a manor-house at Clermont and here were born another\\nRobert B., his grandson, who became the chancellor, and a\\ngroup of brothers and sisters who reached almost equal eminence.\\nCol. Robert R. Livingston was so well known as an influential\\nand ardent republican and soldier that the British were eager to\\ncripple him, so far as was possible, by burning his place. After\\nthe demolition of Kingston, therefore, Vaughan, although aware\\nof Burgoyne s surrender and the risk he ran, sailed up the river\\nthis far in order to destroy it. A wounded British officer ana\\nan attendant surgeon, prisoners on parole, were at the lime the", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS. 183\\nguests of the family, who were nursing the sick man. These\\nofhcers advised Mrs. Livingston to cease her preparations for\\nsaving what property she could, offering to protect the place\\nagainst destruction. She did not consider it safe to rely upon\\ntheir promises, or at any rate upon their ability. Her negro serv-\\nants therefore heaped what furniture and valuables they could\\ninto two carts, and the family started for a refuge in Massachu-\\nsetts. The last load was not out of sight when Mrs. Livingston\\nlooked back to see the building in flames. The house was\\nspeedily rebuilt; and when, in 1824, the Marquis Lafayette made\\nhis triumphal visit to the United States, and was proceeding to\\nAlbany upon the steamboat Kent, which had been chartered for\\nhis accommodation by the citizens of New York, a whole festive\\nevening was spent at Clermont, and many a relative of the family\\nwas greeted by him as an old comrade in arms.\\nHaving passed the marshy shallow called Livingston Flats, the\\nlittle landing of East Camp appears on the right, with West Gamp\\nopposite on the western shore. These were early settlements of\\nthe German refugees from the Palatinate who were provided\\nwith lands here about 1710; and a very interesting old church\\nstill stands in the midst of fertile farms back of West Camp,\\nwhich dates from those early times. The estate near East Camp\\nis R. E. Allen s Riverview and just above is seen the rural\\nvillage QermantoiDTi (the name recalls the Palatinate refugees, as\\ndoes also New Hamburgh, etc.), the abode of several families of\\nwealth and social position, and a favorite resort of summer\\nresidents.\\nThe mew of the Catskills from this part of the river is very fine.\\nOne s gaze reaches to the very head of the Kaaterskill Clove,\\nwhere, with a powerful glass, the cottages and hotels at Twilight\\nPark and Haines Falls can be discerned; and south of that great\\nglen are seen the graceful summits, beyond Overlook, that smile\\ndown upon Phoenicia and the Shandaken Valley. As we pass\\non up the river, the front range assumes a fanciful resemblance to\\na colossal human ligure lying upon its back a curiosity of\\nshape which the aborigines taught the first white explorers to\\nrecognize. The peak to the south is the knee; the next to the\\nnorth is the breast; and two or three above this, the chin, the\\nnose, and the forehead.\\nFour miles above Germantown the Hudson River Railroad\\ntracks will be seen crossing the mouth of a deep bay. This is\\nthe mouth of Roelif Janserts Kill, which played a very impor-\\ntant part as a boundary in the early geography, and distribution\\n15", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "184 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN KESOKTS.\\nof lands and jurisdictions; and on the farther side of it is the\\npretty village Linlitligo^ just above \u00e2\u0096\u00a0which are the Burden iron\\nmines and furnaces, and the estate of Hermann Livingston, having\\nthe house near the shore at the base of Oak Hill. This is just\\nsouth of Catskill station, on the Hudson River Railroad, where\\nthere is a steam ferry (fare, 15 cents) to\\nCatskill Village.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This old town, which before the comple-\\ntion of the Ulster Delaware Railroad from Kingston was the\\nonly point of entrance to the Catskills for tourists and summer\\nresidents, is picturesque and interesting, and has a history\\nthat is full of romantic interest. As early as 1678 several square\\nmiles of land here was bought from the Indians by Albany men\\nthe first Robert Livingston, Gerritson Van Burgen, Salisbury,\\nand others; and several of the dwellings erected by these first set-\\ntlers are still in existence and service. Such wars with the\\nIndians and troubles with the British soldiers as Kingston and\\nthe lower towns experienced never came to disturb the peace\\nand prosperity of this village growing up along the banks of\\nWildcat Creek,* and it early became one of the most prosperous\\ncommunities along the river.\\nThe Catskill of to-day is a large, active place, much resembling\\nPeekskill in the stately appearance of many of its houses, the\\nabundance of mature shade-trees, and the irregular way in which\\nits streets wander up and down the hills over which it has spread.\\nThe business part is mainly in one long street, with shops and\\nhotels a vast amount of bustle in summer and sleepy peace in\\nwinter. Around about, in a sort of stately indifference to the\\nactivity of the place as a resort, are the houses of olden time,\\nbelonging to families who have authorized Americans in their\\nfeeling that pride of race may be consistent with the most simply\\nrepublican sentiment. And these old places give a dignity to the\\ntown. He who runs may read their story, since in few instances\\nhave the original forms been altered. They preserve their Dutch\\nsymbols, the heavy cross-beams, the generous fire places, or the\\nEnglish architecture of the last century so perfectly that their\\ntale is assuredly w^ritten in stone and wood-work.\\nThe village lies in the valley and upon the high banks (chiefly\\nthe northern) of this creek. A long pier has been built out from\\nThis is the translation of the Dutch kat-lcil, which has become Cats-\\nkill or, in the plural form, katen-kil, which has been corrupted into\\nkaaterskill or kauterskill, both of which are ludicrously wrong, but\\ntoo firmly fixed to be made right. The cat may have been the panther\\n(or puma), or nothing worse than the common lynx. The Indians (Iroquois)\\ncalled the range Onteora\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the land in the sky.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS. 185\\nthe natural point of land lo deep water, and all day-line steamers\\nstop here. There is also a line of night-boats plying between this\\nport and New York. Tnis is the terminus of the Catskill Mount-\\nain Railroad, which runs to the base of the mountains at two\\njoints\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PalenvilU and Cairo and whose trains come down to the\\nsteamboat landing in summer. The West Shore Railroad has a\\nstation on the west side of the town; and a ferry (fare, 15 cents)\\nconnects with trains on the Hudson River Railroad; while a neat\\nlittle steamboat, the Isabella, makes four round-trips daily\\nbetween Catskill and Hudson. Stage fare in Catskill, 10 cents.\\nSummer hotels abound in the immediate vicinity of Catskill;\\nand the principal business of the whole local district between the\\nHudson and the mountains is the entertainment of city people\\nduring the hot months. It is a fact, indeed, that the area of\\ncultivated land, and the care of farming and dairying, decrease\\nyear by year, since all the farmers are becoming boarding-house\\nkeepers, though it is hard for an outsider to understand why such\\na result should follow; why can not an industiious man do both?\\nThe largest and oldest of the local hotels is tjie great white\\nProsiiect Park House, whose long pillared portico is a conspicuous\\nobject on the bluff north of the village. It commands an exten-\\nsive river landscape, is most attractively situated in every respect,\\nand has long been patronized by a superior class of guests. On\\nJefferson Heights is the Grant Rouse, admirably located upon a\\nbreezy, commanding hilltop, not too far from the post office, and\\nin possession of a long list of regular patrons.\\nDriving and walking routes about Catskill are recom-\\nmended as follows by Van Loan, a local authority:\\nHalf-a-mile from the village, along the river-shore, is Beeper\\nHook, near the picnic grounds in the lower grove belonging to the\\nestate of the artist, the late Thomas Cole [painter of the Voyage\\nof Life and other well-known pictures]. No one should fail to\\nvisit Austin s Glen, known also as Hope Hollow and Jefferson,\\nabout li miles from Catskill. The track follows the course of\\nthe stream for some distance, and crosses it at a natural fall.\\nNear a cave in the glen is a spring of ice-cold water. A\\nwalk on the Snake Road and return, by making a circuit of the\\nGrant House, will occupy two hours.\\nFor drivitig: To Leeds (crossing the old stone bridge), and\\nback by the way of Kaaterskill or Belfast Mills, an easy two\\nhours ride. 2 o Athens and back; or turn to the left, one mile out\\non the Athens road, and passing the s^^^/^ (unless a shorter w^ay\\nback is desired) and then the two right hand roads, keep on to\\n15", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "186 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS.\\nJefferson, where the turnpike to Catskill can be taken; or by\\nadding ten minutes time, pass around the Grant House and its\\ngrounds, returning by the Snake Road. After passing the toll-\\ngate, two miles from Catskill on the Cairo road, take the tirst right-\\nhand road at the edge of a piece of woods, and follow it directly\\nnorth for two miles and a half to Green s Lake.\\nThe Grant House, alluded to above, is situated on the southern\\nedge of Jefferson Heights, 300 feet above tide-water, and com-\\nmands an almost unobstructed view of not only the Catskills,\\nbut also of mountains in Vermont and the Berkshire Hills of\\nMassachusetts, while the valleys of both the Catskill and Kaater-\\nsi^ill creeks are in the foreground of the view, and form deJightful\\nwalking and riding routes. Every amusement, such as tennis,\\nbaseball, croquet, bowling, boating on the creek, and billiards,\\nhave been provided for guests and music is provided morning,\\nafternoon, and evening. Excellent bass and trout fishing is to\\nbe had within a short distance from the house. Special attention\\nhas been given to the water supply and drainage of this hotel,\\nmaking it a most desirable place in which to spend the summer\\nmonths.\\nOne of the finest rides is to take the direct Catskill Mountain\\nroad west to the old King s road, following the latter to a left-\\nhand road that brings you to the brick school-house on the Sau-\\ngerties road thence north to its intersection with the mountain\\nroad, one mile from the village. Going south of the brick school-\\nhouse, and taking a road that returns through the woods on\\nthe right hand, affords a very fine view of the mountains. A\\ndelightful half-day ride is to take the old King s road to High\\nFalls, crossing the bridge at the falls, and take the right-hand\\nroad northward to the mountain turnpike near the division of\\nthe Palenville and Catskill Mountain House roads, halfway from\\nCatskill to the mountains.\\nThe Catskill Mountain Railroad and Otis Elevating Railway\\nform one of the principal entrances to the Catskill Mountains, and\\nthe direct route to the long-famous Mountain House. Its trains\\nalso run to Palenville as a southern terminus, and to Cairo north-\\nward. The Otis Elevating Ry. connects at Otis Summit with the\\nKaaterskill Railroad (page 167). The stages from Catskill Village\\npass through Palenville en route to Tannersville; and from Cairo\\nstages run in summer to every point of importance in the northern\\npart of Greene County. This northern corner of the mount-\\nains is perhaps the most attractive, naturally, of the foot-hill\\ndistricts, but is less frequented than some others.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS. 187\\nThe railway journey to the mountains (fare, to Otis Jc, |1) is a\\nforetaste of the enjoyment of your vacation in the highlands.\\nThe route is well chosen, writes an observant traveler,\\nand leads you away over a country full of richness and peace;\\nof idly growing things, great fields of corn, stretches of buck-\\nwheat with the bloom of August on it; into ravines where the\\nwater rushes with an ancient melody in its movement, and out\\nand over a plain beyond which the mountains rise, relegating all\\nsmaller things into insignificance. The train takes us up\\naround Catskill proper and into Leeds, and Leeds was really old\\nCatskill\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in very truth the place which gave this part of the\\ncountry a name. Whence comes the name I believe the most\\nfaithful chronicler can not say. It is found in various old records.\\nIn a letter dated over one hundred years ago, and which the\\npresent owner kindly allowed me to read, Catskill Village is\\nmentioned, but the place now known by that name was then\\nreferred to as the Strand, or the Landing, for, as I have\\nsaid, Ihe village of Leeds was then Catskill proper.\\nI think it nurtured in men a curious feeling of permanence,\\nproprietorship; of desire to keep nature unchanged, glorious, and\\ntrue to her first, best impulses; for there at Leeds one finds so\\nfew marks of the impress of destroying man; so little which\\ncould jar the student of form and color as God has laid it upon\\nhis earth. Whether this has come from jealousy, listlessness, or\\nperhaps the appreciation of vastness, one can not say. All that\\ncan be reduced to fact is that Leeds village, the old Catskill, lies\\nsimply embosomed by the hills and vales which the Indians and\\nDutch must have known, and it seemed to me a most perfect\\nrelic of the past, which is fast becoming too traditional to seem\\nour own.\\nThe Catskill Mountain House is the oldest of the large\\nsummer hotels in these mountains, dating back to coaching days.\\nOriginally the access was wholly from Catskill by means of\\nConcord coaches, or by driving in from Hunter or Tannersville.\\nFor ten years after the opening of the railroad, in 1882, stages\\nclimbed the mountain from Laurenceville. But in 1892 an\\ninclined cable railway, the Otis Elevating Ry., was put into\\noperation from the railroad in the valley to the plateau near the\\nhotel. This hoists passengers in ten minutes (fare, 75 cents) from\\nOtis Junction to Otis Summit; and it has become not only the\\ndirect route to the hotels, but one of the regular routes to the\\nKaaterskill an; Laurel houses, Haines Falls, Twilight Park,\\nSanta Cruz Park, Tannersville, etc.\\nThe Otis Elevating Ry. is 7,000 feet long, and in that distance", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "188 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS.\\nit ascends 1,600 feet and attains an elevation of 2,200 feet above\\nthe Hudson River. In length, elevation overcome, and carrying\\ncapacity, it exceeds any other incline railway in the v^orld. It\\nwas built and first opened for travel in 1892. It is operated by\\nstationary engines and steel- wire cables. A passenger and bag-\\ngage car are attached to each end of double cables, which pass\\naround immense drums located at the summit of the incline.\\nThus, when one train ascends the other descends, the trains pass-\\ning each other midway. The ascent of the mountains by the in-\\ncline railway is a novel and delightful experience, and alone\\nworth a visit to the Catskills. As the train ascends, the magnifi-\\ncent panorama of the Valley of the Hudson is gradually unfolded,\\nand the Hudson River and the Berkshire Hills in the distance\\nseem to rise up to the view of the passenger. The time required\\nfor the trip from Catskill Landing to the summit of the mountains\\nis ordinarily fifty minutes. The completion of this quick and\\neasy means of access has resulted in increasing the travel to the\\nmany resorts on this route. A limited train operated during the\\nsummer season makes the trip from New York to Otis Summit in\\nthree and one-half hours. At Otis Summit connection is made\\nwith the Catskill Tannersville Railway for the Laurel House,\\nHaines Corners, Tannersville, and the mountain parks.\\nTlie Mountain House stands upon the verge of one of the east-\\nern ledges of South, or Pine Orchard, Mountain, 2,250 feet above\\ntide-water, and by reason of its peculiarly advantageous location\\non the front of the range commands a view of the Hudson Val-\\nley which is more extensive than that embraced by the outlook\\nof any other hotel.\\nThe park surrounding the hotel has a valley frontage of over\\nthree miles in extent, and consists of about five square miles of\\nforests and farming-lands, traversed in all directions by many\\nmiles of carriage roads and paths, aud including within its\\nboundaries North and South lakes, both plentifully stocked with\\nvarious kinds of fish, and well supplied with boats. Signs and\\nguide-marks indicate the paths to various places or objects of\\ninterest. The top of South Mountain is easily reached; a path\\nmakes the circuit of its summit lower down; plain paths lead to\\nKaaterskill Falls, along each side of the lake, and steps descend\\nto the bottom of the cataract. The Palenmlle Overlook, or High\\nRock, 1,728 feet above the bed of the ci eek, and Moses Rock on\\nthe Long Level, may be taken in another circuitous walk. These\\nare south of the hotel. Good roads and paths lead to similar\\ngrand outlooks northward Artisfs Rock, Prospect Rock, the\\nSunset Rock, Bear s Den, Newman s Ledge, and the crest of North", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN KESORTS. 189\\nMountain, the summit next north of South Mountain, whence\\nmagnificent views north, east, and south are obtained. Many\\nlonger excursions by driving are possible going one way and\\nreturning by another.\\nThe Hotel Kaaterskill is an immense and splendidly-\\nfurnished hotel, 2,495 feet above the level of the Hudson Eiver.\\nThe view from the hotel piazza is awe-inspiring when first seen,\\nand of never-ceasing interest when grown more familiar. The\\nextension of the railroads almost to the doors of the hotel, within\\nthe past few years, has been of great convenience to guests, who\\ncan now approach either by the way of Phoenicia and Stony Clove,\\nor by way of Catskill and the Otis Elevating Railway. This ease\\nand rapidity of access is highly appreciated by busy New Yorkers,\\nwho can run up to the Kaaterskill on Saturday afternoon and\\nback to the city on Monday morning without the least delay en\\nroute. The hotel has been lately improved and made more than ever\\nattractive to its patrons. The precautions against fire have been a\\nmatter of especial care. The tanks on the roof are said to hold\\n300,000 gallons, and the watchmen and male employes are organ-\\nized into a well-drilled brigade of firemen, acquainted with the\\napparatus and instructed as to proper action in an emergency.\\nThe neighborhood of the Hotel Kaaterskill is intersected in all\\ndirections by carriage roads and paths, which connect with those\\nof the old Mountain House; and a carriage road from Palenville\\nwinds up the acclivities of the Kaaterskill Clove, despite the\\nassertion of engineers that it was impracticable to build such a road.\\nSo numerous and varied, says an appreciative writer, are\\nthe attractions and points of interest to be visited near and from\\nthe Hotel Kaaterskill, that an energetic guest could be kept con-\\nstantly on the go for twenty consecutive days, visiting a new\\nscene of wonderful beauty each day, and being amply repaid for\\neach separate effort. Of the many fascinating points within easy\\nwalking distance of the hotel, none is more worthy a visit than\\nSunset Rock, half a-mile distant. It is a bare table-rock, over-\\nhanging Kaaterskill Clove, with an almost sheer descent of 1,500\\nfeet. Directly opposite rises, grand and dark, 4,000 feet in the\\nair, the Kaaterskill High Peak, offering to view its entire face\\nfrom base to summit. Its sides are closed with a royal evergreen\\nmantle, streaked here and there with the ermine of falling water,\\nand woven of whispering pines, dark-hued firs, sturdy spruces,\\nand the stately, sweet-scented balsams, with tops as straight and\\nsharp as lance-tips. Looking down the Clove, its\\nembracing mountains form a wondrous frame for the fair picture", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "190 KIN( STON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN HESOJITS.\\nof the valley of tlie Hudson widespread beyond, with gleams of\\nwater in the distance. Turning toward the setting sun, the\\nglisten of Haines Falls is seen at the head of the Clove, and grand\\nand somber Hunter Mountain rises far inland. While the west-\\nern sun still bathes the rock in its light, the deep valley below is\\ndark and tremulous with the shadows of evening. The true\\nlover of nature has no need of artist tongues to tell him that he\\nsees a perfect picture from Sunset Rock; he knows as he gazes,\\nthat were aught added, or one feature taken from it, its complete-\\nness would be marred; and that though other views may be more\\nextended or more grand, none can be more truly beautiful.\\nOne of the most charming drives from the hotel is down the\\nmountain road, with its swan s neck and horseshoe curves,\\nto Palenville, and then up the romantic Clove, in which there are\\nmany tempting bits of tumbling waters, dark pools, sequestered\\nnooks, and grassy glades, to the Kaaterskill and Haines Falls, the\\ntwo principal cascades in the Catskills. The last grade, near the\\nupper end of the Clove, is the steepest on the whole road, and on\\nsurmounting it the head of the Great Land Slide is crossed.\\nHere, each winter, the road is torn from the hillside and hurled\\ninto the abyss 600 feet below.\\nAnd oft both path and hill were torn\\nWhere wintry torrents down had borne.\\nAnd heaped upon the cumbered land\\nIts wreck of gravel, rock, and sand.\\nFrom the summit of the Clove the return to the hotel can be\\nmade by way of the back road over the mountain.\\nThe finest all-day drive from the Old Mountain House or\\nthe Hotel Kaaterskill is to the Overlook Mountain House, over\\nthe new Plaaterkill Mountain road. The distance is about fifteen\\nmiles, and the route back from the mountains is to Tannersville\\naround Clum Hill, and over the Plaaterkill turnpike to the very\\nheadwaters of the Schoharie and the upper end of Plaaterkill\\nClove. From here the new road, four miles in length, opened in\\n1880, winds at a dizzy height along the side of Plaaterkill Mount-\\nain, above the clove of the same name.\\nThe Laurel House is a long-established and somewhat\\nless expensive hotel than the others, situated about a mile west of\\nthe Hotel Kaaterskill, at Laurel House station on the Stony Clove\\nline, and near Kaaterskill Falls. It is only a short distance far-\\nther to Haines Falls and Tannersville.\\nKAATERSKILL CLOVE AND RIP VAN WINKLE.\\nThis great ravine, long ago named Kaaterskill Clove by the\\nDutch settlers, separates High Peak from South Mountain, and is\\nthe channel of the Kaaterskill, which empties into the Catskill just\\nabove Catskill Village. West of High Peak (which is the loftiest", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS. 191\\npoint of the front range as seen from the Hudson, and nowadays\\nsometimes called Lincoln Peak) is Roundtop, from the far-\\nther slopes of which springs Ihe Schoharie, a tributary of the\\nMohawk. Fortunately, the natural beauties of this gorge\\nsustain the legendary interest with which Indian tiadition\\nand the imagination of Irving have endowed it. A fine road\\nascends the Clove from Palenville, at its entrance, to Haines\\nCorners, at its head; and the best way to see it is to drive\\nthrough, at leisure, in your own conveyance, or to walk; but\\ntwo lines of stages make trips daily in summer between Catskill\\nand Tannersville via Palenville and the Clove. They are very\\ncomfortable covered wagons (fare, $1); about four hours are con-\\nsumed in the trip, and as the passenger is expected to walk up\\nthe last mile and a half or so of steepest road, he has plenty\\nof time and chance to see afoot the best part of the ravine.\\nThe old stage-road to the mountains, however, did not go up\\nthis Clove, but wound its way up the Sleepy Hollow Ravine, north\\nof the Mountain House. This road is still kept in good repair and\\nis available for cyclers coming down, but hardly in going up.\\nThe most sympathetic description of this once delightful stage\\njourney is contained in an article by Mrs. Lucy C. Lillie in\\nIlarpefs Magazine for September, 1893, from which the following\\nextracts are made:\\nIt seems to me that the early spring and late autumn are the\\nseasons when this mythically historic spot should be seen to its\\nbest advantage, for the shifting elements of the summer-time\\nforce upon it too business-like an aspect. In the very mildest\\npart of one October I remember driving up the hilly curve that\\nbrings on to the brief sweep of land which is a sort of halt before\\nthe mountain s final ascent. There to the right stands the dilapi-\\ndated old house, bearing a historic picture of Rip and his flagon,\\nand to the left is a terrific gorge, crowded by trees and ferns, and\\nwhich in its lavish break westward shows one of those rich and\\nsmiling valleys which meet one at every opening in this luxurious\\ncountry.\\nThe Rip Van Winkle House, it seems to me, is only a shell to\\nbear on its outer side the cracked and worn picture of the dear\\nold sleeper of these hills. Turning away from the gorge, we\\nasked a man, lounging about, where the picture came from, and\\nhe informed us it had been there over forty years, and no one\\nseemed to know its origin. It is not altogether bad in color, and\\nthe drawing is not worse than tlie best sort of a sign-board, while\\nit has a certain charm of antiquity which gives it character. It\\nhangs just above the tumble-down little doorway of the house,", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "193 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL, AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS.\\nand to the left, high up among the rocks and their underbrush,\\nis the spot where Rip was supposed to take his sleep of twenty\\nyears.*\\nFrom the moment the real heights are entered upon there\\ncomes a new feeling in the air a consciousness, dim at first, but\\nfast growing into exhilaration, that we are reaching the final\\nuplands of the world. The roads are now almost perfect, and\\nthe tales of overturned stages and runaway horses are fast grow-\\ning mytliical. These last miles up the mountain are at twilight\\nfull of melancholy charm, and I think that as we go on and\\nupward the sense of isolation even from humanity so grows that\\nthe darkness falls as though a shrouding of nature were only\\nwhat one might expect. Sounds are few; movement is, as it\\nwere, only part of the still-life about one, and the green to right\\nand left darkens into impenetrable night. Then suddenly comes\\na revelation. Here on the very summit of the highest mountain-\\npeak we come upon a great lawn and terrace illumined by elec-\\ntric light, a hotel all doors and windows and vivid animation. A\\nband is playing; there is a vista of a long room with whirling\\nfigures, while everything round and about is suggestive of youth\\nand brilliancy, fashion and luxury.\\nOnce up on the mountain-top, the traveler feels impelled or\\nurged on into the ordinary stream of summer action at a summer\\nresort. Before one stretches a view of hill and dale, of valley\\nland, which is beautiful enough to bear every analysis.\\nThe variety seems almost endless, and new pathways are opening\\non every side. For a time we hesitated about revisiting the\\nKaaterskill Falls, dear to our childhood, since they are so com-\\npletely under business management; but, after all, we were\\nentirely repaid even for the laborious climbing up and down\\nthe cleft, at the foot of which one can see the falls in all Iheir\\nglory leaping and tumbling over the finely irregular rock; and\\nin spite of the business-like manner in which the visit must be\\nmade, there is some interest and amusement to be derived even\\nfrom the spirit of speculation and sight-seeing of the native\\nand the visitor. There is a little summer-house at the entrance\\nto the falls, where you pay your 25 cents, and may invest\\nstill further, if you like, in candy the real old-fashioned sticks\\nWhile Irving, perhaps purposely, left indefinite the precise spot, if any\\nhe had in view as the locality of the imaginary adventures of Rip Van Winkle,\\ncommon consent for many years has made this Clove and Rip s Rock the\\nplace. No intelligent person, probably, believes that such a character ever\\nreally existed or had any such an experience; but it is not surprising that\\nmany believe the story to have been derived from a tradition in circulation\\namong the Dutch pioneers, and handed down to Irving s time. But this is\\nnot true. Irving did nothing more, as indeed he hints in a foot-note, than\\nrewrite, with his humorous grace, and apply to the Catskills and the Dutch\\ncharacter, a superstition which has reappeared in every European land and\\nnation since earliest times, that certain notable persons were not really dead\\nbut only sleeping or imprisoned in the earth, awaiting the termination of a\\nperiod, or the breaking of a spell, or some other event which should set them\\nfree. The Rip Van Winkle house still stands as a part of another.", "height": "3074", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKII.L AND THE MOUNTAIN EESORTS. 193\\nof candy or such beverages as root beer, lemonade, or soda-\\nwater, and there are always interesting and entertainiug fragments\\nof conversation floating about. It certainly is not inspir-\\ning to have the falls turned on to order, but those in authority\\ndeclare that this is done by no means simply from speculation,\\nfor there has been long felt a danger of the water giving out if\\nnot held in check. Soon, however, the scene itself dispels the\\ncommonplace feeling which came first. Surely this might well\\nbe the scene of that old tradition of the hunter and his gourd.\\nAnd upon the rocks, even in the noisy waters high up on either\\nside, seems the spell of the mountain s magic the peculiar lone-\\nliness and sense of each rock, each stream, each tall fir, com-\\nmuning with itself, repeating over and again the strange stories of\\nthe past.\\nCatskill to Hudson. Resuming the voyage up the great\\nriver, the steamer passes close under the beautiful Catskill shore,\\nto avoid the grassy flats called Roger s Island, near the eastern\\nbank. In revolutionary times this island was densely wooded;\\nand it is related that in the narrow channel behind its curtain a\\ngreat number of river-craft were safely hidden, in 1777, when the\\nEnglish fleet came up the river; but the marauders turned back\\nbefore reaching this point. On the hill behind it are the country\\nseats of F. E. Church, the artist, and Doctor Sabine. The shores\\nabove the island grow hilly, and the eye is attracted to a long\\nand lofty ridge upon the right, which is beautifully cultivated,\\nand suggests a reminiscence.\\nThe ancient name, it is said, was Rorabuch, but this hill has\\nbeen known as Mount Merino ever since the first decade of this\\ncentury, when a furore over the rearing of merino sheep was\\nintroduced among farmers of the Eastern States, and the whole\\nof this hill was then devoted to flocks of that breed. Although\\na few merinos had been introduced previously, it was not until\\nRobert R. Livingston turned his attention to the subject, wrote\\na widespread pamphlet about it, and sent home a large importa-\\ntion of blooded stock from Spain and France, where he was\\nthen United States Minister, that public interest was aroused.\\nEnormous sums were paid for the animals at first, but their\\nprice soon fell to figures little in advance of those for native\\nstock, and the vast sheep-pastures were again plowed for\\ngrain. The extensive wool industry of Vermont, however, dates\\nfrom this period; and unquestionably the grade of American\\nsheep was elevated, so that the general result of the speculation\\nwas beneficial.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "194 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS.\\nMount Merino gives the rambler one of tlie most enchanting\\nlandscapes in the whole Hudson Yalley. On the opposite bluffy\\nshore are the estates of George Griffin, W. O. Morrison, and Mr.\\nGuntley. As soon as Mount Merino is passed, the grass-grown\\nshallows of Hudson Flats divide the channel, and the steamer\\nswerves to the right and slows up at the wharf of\\nThe City of Hudson. Hudson is a town of 10,000 people\\ncrowning a bold bluff on the eastern shore. It has a curious his-\\ntory, quite different from that of most of the valley towns.\\nDutch and English farmers and fishermen were settled all\\nalong these hill-slopes, from the earliest times, as tenants of\\nthe lower manor of the patroonery of the Van Rensselaers,\\nbut nothing in the shape of a village arose until 1783, when a\\npurchase of lands was made by a company of merchants from\\nMassachusetts and Rhode Island for the purpose of pursuing\\nthe whaling business, since during the Revolution the whale\\nfisheries of Nantucket were broken up by the English. Settlers\\narrived at once, and were so numerous and influential that in\\nApril, 1785, the town was incorporated as a city called Hudson,\\nthe third city in the State, and having much wider limits than at\\npresent. This name was peculiarly apt, because here, or very\\nnear here, Henry Hudson ended the voyage of the Half Moon,\\nand upon his return from his farther boat voyage halted for two\\ndays while he stored his vessel with wood and water and bade a\\nceremonious farewell to the natives, who had treated him with\\nthe greatest cordiality. This locality* was therefore peculiarly\\nidentified with the navigator. The city stands at the head of\\nship navigation a fact which had recommended it to the choice\\nof its commercial promoters; and preparations were at once made\\nfor sending out whaling-ships. Their early voyages were very\\nsuccessful, and reminders of this adventurous and ahnost\\nforgotten commerce may be seen in the city to-day, as when, for\\nexample, the stranger comes upon a whale s jaw standing as a\\ntall si!2^n-post in the main street. A large trade was done with\\nNew York, Boston, and Providence, and Southern ports,\\nprincipally with Charleston, S. C, in provisions and general\\nproduce, bringing in return cargoes of rice and cotton, sugar,\\nrum, and molasses. In 1790 the city was made a port of entry,\\nand with the growth of its commerce it bade fair to become the\\nsecond city in the State. Another natural and important factor\\nof growth was its ship-yards. Ship-building was carried on so\\nextensively that at one time more vessels were owned in the city\\n*It should be mentioned, however, that the best historians do not now\\naccept this claim, but assert that the real place was higher up; some say in\\nthe mouth of Kinderhook, or Stockport, Creek, and others near Schodack.\\nIfiniporte!", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "Fold-o\\nPlaceho\\nThis fold-out is being digitized, a\\nfuture date", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN KESORTS. 195\\nof Hudson than in llie city of New York. During the Revolu-\\ntion in France, and the AVar of 1812 at home, many of the\\nvessels owned in Hudson were employed in the carrying trade,\\nand several of these were captured or destroyed by the French\\nand English, several were lost by shipwreck, and when steam\\nnavigation became a certainty the decline of the commercial\\nprosperity of the city was complete. In 1815, says an\\nauthority, the city was closed as a port of entry; an effort to\\nrevive the whaling interests was made, but with indifferent\\nsuccess, and in 1845 the last ship engaged in the business was\\nsold. The high hopes of Hudson were then quenched; but\\nthis was due not to the fact that the expectations were replaced\\nfor under the conditions of transportation which obtained at the\\ntime when the town was founded the town at the head of\\nnavigation was in the best commercial position but because,\\nwith the rise of steamboats and railroads new conditions the\\ncity at the mouth of the river had so much advantage.\\nHudson stands upon a slate bluff which rises abruptly from\\nthe river, and from whose brow, now a public promenade, a very\\nwide and pleasurable view of the river is presented. It is sixty\\nfeet above the beach, and across the wide moat of the Hudson the\\nlong front of the Catskills rises like some Titanic fortiticatiou.\\nThis bluff is the end of a narrow ridge which slopes gradually\\nupward for a mile and a-half to Pros])ect Hill, the high, rounded\\neminence behind the town. Warren Street, the main thoroughfare,\\nextends along the crest of this ridge, with the neighboring streets\\nsloping downward on each side. The town is very compactly\\nbuilt, its streets are deeply shaded, and many of its houses are old\\nand excellent; the best of them cluster about the pretty square,\\nwith its noble trees, in front of the portico of the court house.\\nThe city has electric cars, steam ferries to Athens and Catskill\\n(see p. 185), and a small steamboat now plies between Hudson and\\nxilbany The State Reformatory for Women is conspicuous upon\\na green knoll south of the city.\\nColumbia County and its little capital boast of many citizens\\nof consequence in the past as well as the present. President\\nMartin Van Buren lived here as a young man, and passed his\\ndeclining years near by. Samuel J. Tilden spent his boyhood m\\nthis vicinity, and is buried at New Lebanon, not far away. Here,\\nin the early decades of this century, were living such prominent\\nmen as the once famous orator Elisha Williams, and the lawyers\\nAmbrose Spencer, William Van Ness, Thomas P. Grosvenor,\\nJacob R. Van Rensselaer, Col. Elisha Jenkins, and others.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "196 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN KESORTS.\\nIn the days when these men were young and fashionable, they\\nwould go in midsummer to the Cvlumbia White Suljjhur Springs,\\nfour miles east of the city, where all the world made meiry, as\\nnow they do at Saratoga. A hotel still opens its doors, and a few\\nlovers of the old resort annually assenihie there to preserve the\\ntraditions; but these springs are rarely set down in the lists of\\nfashion s watering-places.\\nNot far distant, and a station on the Boston Albany branch\\nroad, is the quaint and historic village of Claverack, now known\\nprincipally as the seat of Claverack College, a prosperous\\nscliool of wide repute for both sexes.\\nThe handsome and substantial college buildings, surrounded\\nby beautiful and well-shaded lawns, and commanding most\\ncharming views of the romantic scenery in which the neighbor-\\nhood abounds, are the features of the village. The old Dutch\\nchurch, with its staring date of 1767 on its western side, shines\\nout in old-fashioned red among the towering oaks that keep ward\\nover it and its adjoining cemetery. On the opposite crest is\\nFairview, the stately mansion built by the late Doctor Flack,\\nwho v/as the founder of the college, and its president for more\\nthan thirty years. Down the village street are the residences of\\nthe descendants of the Muhlers, tlie Ostranders, and the Van\\nRensselaers, and in a quaint old yellow brick, dormer-windowed\\nhovise are to be seen the hires and ju R((tes of Gen. James Watson\\nand other distinguished Webbs. The Spook Rock, in a shady\\nswirl of the Claverack Creek, is visited on moonlight nights by\\nthe neighboring swains and their sw^eethearts, who linger to see it\\nturn in its shiny bed when it hears tlie institute bell.\\nThe distance from Hudson to the Berkshire Hills is only thirty\\nmiles, and this way comes a large part of the travel between that\\nfavorite part of Massachusetts and the metropolis. Many New\\nYorkers, sending their horses and carriages up by boat, drive over\\nfrom here. Perhaps more would do so if the excellence of the\\nroads and the varied and unsuspected beauty of the scenery in\\nthis neighborhood were more widely understood. From some of\\nthe higher points on the country roads, the hills of Berkshire, the\\nTaghkanick, and even the Green Mountains, are visible, as well\\nas the ever-present Catskills. Beautiful glens and quaint hamlets\\nabound, reminding one of the better-known but no w^orthier\\nregion about Tarry town.\\nAthens is the classical name of a little ship-building and\\nbrick-making town opposite Hudson, and connected with it by", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN KESORTS. 197\\nSteam-ferry. It missed the goal half a century ago, when it\\nfailed to carry out its contemplated design of bringing the Erie\\nCanal to the Hudson at this point. Four miles above Athens the\\npromontory long known to old pilots as Chauey Tinlier now\\nbears a light-house, and the prosaic name Four-mile Point; John\\nF. Burchell has a house just below it and George Houghtaling\\nanother immediately above it.\\nNearly opposite is the broad mouth of Kinderhook Creek,\\nwith the railway station Stockport and the rural hamlet Columhia-\\nville on its banks. This district was settled very early in the his-\\ntory of the State, and queer old cross-roads may be searched\\nout up the valley of this stream and that of its large southern\\ntributary, Claverack Creek. In Kinderhook Village, a few miles\\nnorthwest, was born and reared Martin Van Buren, Governor\\nof New York, Jackson s Secretary of State, Vice-President, and\\nfinally President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. About\\n1848 he retired to an estate there, where he resided until his\\ndeath in 1862.\\nHalf-a-dozen miles farther north the river is narrowed by a\\nhilly headland called Nutten Hook (sometimes corrupted into\\nNewtown Hook on the eastern shore, where there is a rail-\\nway station called Coxsackie, and a small hamlet, whence a steam-\\nferry crosses to Coxsackie Landing on the western bank.\\nCoxsackie is said to be from an Indian word meaning cut-\\nbanks, and is locally pronounced Cook-sackie. It is chiefly\\na trading-town, having a station a mile inland on the West Shore\\nRailroad, and surrounded by a large area of fine farms, where\\nhundreds of town-people find summer board.\\nStuyvesant, the landing and railway station on the east side\\nof the river, just above Coxsackie station, was formerly the\\nport of Kinderhook, and noted for its shipments of grain; but\\nnow it is of little importance.\\nThe head of natural ship-navigation in the Hudson has now\\nbeen reached; and the steamboat channel henceforth winds\\nbetween low islands and marshy flats, which by and by nearly\\nfill the river, while the shores exhibit fertility and the scenes of\\npeaceful cultivation, in respect to which there is little that is\\nadventurous or picturesque in story to relate,\\n16", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "198 KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN IlESOKTS.\\nThe elevated sites of the substantial farm-houses and occasional\\ncountry-seats along these shores command an inspiring view of the\\nnorthern Catskills, of which Black Head (3,965 feet) is most con-\\nspicuous. Northwest of and beyond that massive summit are\\nthe serrations of the range that stretches northwestward into\\nSchoharie County, with Windham High Peak (3,500 feet), Mount\\nZoar, Mount Hayden, Mount Pisgah, and Sutton Hill as successive\\nl^eaks of prominence. Along their base flows the Catskill Creek,\\nand nearer us is the course of Potuck Creek, its principal northern\\ntributary. The valleys of all these streams are highly cultivated,\\nlargely by the descendants of the original Dutch settlers, and it is\\nsaid that that language is still frequently heard in the more\\nremote hamlets.\\nNew Baltimore, the next landing above Stuyvesant, is a little\\ntown on the western shore, noted for its industry in building\\nsmall river-craft, such as sloops and barges. Just above it is the\\nmouth of Haanakrois Greek, which marks the end of Greene\\nCounty (entered just north of Saugerties) and the beginning\\nof Albany County. Immediately opposite is the boundary-line\\nbetween Columbia County and its neighbor northward on that\\nside of the river Rensselaer County; so that in the rocky islet\\non the left of the channel four counties corner. This prominent\\nlittle Barren Island was once far more prominent, actually com-\\npelling attention. Its true name is Beeren (or Bears and on\\nits summit once stood the castle of Rensselaerstein, from\\nwhose wall Nicholas Kroon, the agent of Killian Van Rensselaer,\\nthe Patroon, compelled passing vessels to dip their colors and\\npay tribute, or take the chances of being sunk by the ordnance\\nof the fort. It has now become a favorite picnic resort for excur-\\nsionists from Albany and Troy; and a small steamer plies daily\\nbetween the island and Coeyman s Landing.\\nIn the earliest times the Dutch gave the name Glamrach, or\\nClover Reach, to this whole district a breadth of term which\\nhas caused much iudefiniteness in some historical narratives. It\\nwas all embraced in a vast grant of land to the first Van Rens-\\nselaer, of whom we shall hear more when we come to the story of\\nAlbany. Disputes as to ownership under this grant arose; and\\nin 1704 it was conveyed by Killian Van Rensselaer, the head of\\nthe family at that time, to his broth er Hendripk. He in turn", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "KINGSTON TO CATSKILL AND THE MOUNTAIN RESORTS. 199\\ndevised it to his son Johannes, who erected it, under English\\nroyal sanction, into the Lower Manor of Rensselaerwyck.\\nImmediately above Beeren Island, on the western bank, is\\nCoeyman s (pronounced Queeman s a small landing and\\nvillage, a mile or more west of which is the junction where the\\nmaia line of the West Shore Railroad begins to bend westward\\ntoward Buffalo, while its Albany branch keeps on northward.\\nOpposite it another small and pretty village, called Schodack,\\nis seen; and five miles farther brings the traveler to the flourishing\\ntown of Castleton, built upon the front of a steep hill from\\nwhich the spires of Albany and its towering capitol are distinctly\\nvisible.\\nCastleton Bar, formerly known as the Overslaugh, has\\nalways been a serious impediment to navigation at this point.\\nAs early as 1790 State appropriations were made for the purpose\\nof improving the channel, but all efforts were unavailing until\\nthe present system of dykes was begun by the State in 1863. In\\n1868 the United States Government assumed the work of com-\\npleting the dykes, and they may now be seen stretching for sev-\\neral miles along the river, effectually accomplishing the purpose\\nfor which they were intended.\\nThe Boston Albany Railroad passes through the northeast-\\nern edge of Castleton, and has a station called Schodack Depots\\nrecalling the fact that near there (some five miles north) was the\\nplace which the Indians called Schoti-ack, where was kept ever\\nburning the central council fire of the Mohegan Indians, who\\ndeemed that spot their capital, so far as such a term couid be\\napplied to their confederacy.\\n16", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY.\\nAlbany stands upon the Avest bank of the Hudson, 145 miles\\nabove New York and about ten miles soutli of the mouth of the\\nMohawk River. Opposite, on the e:;st bank, is the old town of\\nGrecnbush, or East Albany, and the population of both shores is\\ndense for a dozen miles above, where the cities of Troy, West\\nTroy, Cohocs, Lansingburgh, AVaterford, etc., succeed one\\nanother with little that is truly rural between them.\\nThe steamboat wharves at Albany aie close to the business\\ncenter of the city and to the two railway stations, which are\\nthemselves close together at the river-side. The New York Cen-\\ntral Hudson River Railroad and the Boston Albany Railroad\\nunite in East Albany, and cross the river into the Union Station,\\nwhere, also, certain through northern trains of the Delaware\\nHudson system enter, so (hat passengers between New York and\\nthe north (Montreal) do not need to change stations. The West\\nShore Railroad and the Delaware Ilutlson Canal Company s\\nRailroad use jointly a station between the Union Station and the\\nriver, just around the corner of a single block. Both of these sta-\\ntions are only about five minutes walk from the landing of all the\\nHudson River steamboat lines. All of the hotels of the city, also,\\nare within w^alking distance, Stanwix Hall, Delavan, and minor\\nhotels being just across the street from the exit of both stations;\\nthe Kenmore, the largest hotel, one block farther away.\\nThe Union Station contains a large dining-room, but fruit and\\nedibles may be bought far more cheaply just in rear of the\\nstation.\\nHistorical Sketch of Albany.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 It will be remembered that\\nHudson s men ascendal the river in their small boat as far as the\\nmouth of the Mohawk. Whether it was by tbeir recommenda-\\ntion or not, the adventurers who followed them chose this point\\nas the site of one of the first Indian trading-posts. It was well\\nchosen, for here naturally came to the river the great trail that\\ncrossed over to the Mohawk at Schenectady, and then followed\\nthat valley westward to the lake country and to Ontario; and also\\n(200)", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY. 201\\ntrails southwestward to the Susquehanna, and trails and canoe\\nroads north and east. It was a central point on the Indian h:gh-\\nwajs, as it has become upon the transportation routes of civiliza-\\ntion; and moreover it was the head of natural sloop navigation.\\nAlbany, according to Lewis Morgan, author of Tlie League of\\nthe Iroquois, owes its Iroquois name to the openings there between\\nthe Hudson and the Mohawk. Long anterior to the foundation\\nof the city this site was well known under the Seneca name\\nSka-neh -ta-de, whence followed the name of the Hudson, Skd-neh^-\\nta-de Ga-hun -da, the river beyond the openings. It would\\nthus appear that Schenectady has appropriated the name which\\nrightfully belongs to the city upon the Hudson.\\nIn 1614, as we read in H. P. Phelps admirable Albany Hand-\\nhook and Guide to the Capitol {h\\\\\\\\)\\\\i\\\\ij\\\\ Brandow Barton, 1884),\\nHenry Corstcensen, under a grant of the L^nitcd New Netherlands\\nCompany, erected a stockaded trading-house on the island just\\nbelow the present city. It was garrisoned by ten or twelve men,\\nwho had a cannon and twelve stone-guns with which to defend\\nthemselves. Here they carried on an extensive fur trade with the\\nIndians, until the spring freshet of 1617 nearly destroyed their\\ndomicile, when they moved up town and erected a new fort\\non the hill near the Normanskill. The West India Company\\nerected a fort in 1623 on a spot near what is now the steamboat\\nlanding, and called it Fort Orange, in honor of the prince who\\npresided over the Netherlands; but only eight families were resi-\\ndent here. In 1629 the feudal system oi patroonship was instituted\\nin America by act of the Dutch States General. Any member of\\nthe West India Company who should plant a colony of fifty or\\nmore adults in Dutch America was to be acknowledged a\\nPatroon of New Netherlands, and was given permission to\\nacquire lands extending sixteen miles along any navigable river,\\nand inland indefinitely. The Patroons possessed, as Phelps\\npoints out, absolute title to the soil; had a monopoly of fishing,\\nhunting, and grinding; of all mines and minerals, and a preemp-\\ntion right of buying the colonists surplus grain or cattle; their\\ncourts had jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases, in the latter\\neven punishment by death; colonists could not leave the colony\\nwithout wiitten permission, and after their terms of service were\\nfulfilled they were compelled to return to Holland. The tenants", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "202 THE CAPITAL CITY.\\nwere in fact little better than serfs, and modifications of the\\nenactment soon followed; not out of regard for the people, but\\nbecause the Patroons waxed arrogant and came into conflict with\\nthe West India Company, None was more conspicuous in this\\nrespect than the Patroon of this region, Killian Yan Eensselaer.\\nHe was a pearl merchant of Amsterdam and one of the West\\nIndia Company s directors, and acquired lands which soon\\nincluded a tract called Rennselaerwyck, forty-eight by twenty-four\\nmiles in extent, reaching from Beeren Island to the Mohawk.\\nHis colonists began to arrive in 1630, at once built a brewery, and\\nsooiz constituted a village separate from Fort Orange, named\\nBeaverswyck, The lordly pretensions of this Patroon, who arro-\\ngated to himself baronial powers and privileges that interfered\\nwith the company s fur trade, led to quarrels in which he was\\ncompelled to let go of the land about Fort Orange, although he\\nkept possession of all the remainder; and the results of that feudal\\ntenure led to the anli-rent war of forty years ago, and to long\\nlitigations that are scarce!}^ ended yet, for the estate still exists as\\na land word in this and in Rensselaer counties. The fifth Patroon,\\nStephen, was the last to receive the title and entire estate, and the\\nentail ceased at his death in 1839.\\nWhen in 1664 the province fell into the hands of the English,\\nthe name of the settlement was changed to Albany, in honor of\\nthe Duke of York and Albany, who had modestly attached his\\nfirst title to the seaport at the mouth of the river; and in 1686 the\\ntown was incorporated a city.\\nAlbany, as the center of the trails and fur trade south of the\\nSt. Lawrence, was much resorted to by Indians and by the\\nscarcely less savage French coureurs du hois, who ended each\\ntransaction by a grand spree. But the town was always well\\nfortified with palisades, and during the terrible closing years of\\nthat century, when the Indian massacre at Schenectady (1690)\\nwas only one of many such outrages, Albany was safe within its\\nstockades, which reached from tlie river back to Lodge Street,\\nand from Steuben Street on the north to Hudson on the south\\nside. Here, in the Indian and Canadian wars half a century\\nlater, rendezvoused the armies of Amherst and Abercrombie, and\\nthen proceeded against the Champlain forts; and here were\\nlighted early the fires of patriotism which burned steadily during", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY. 203\\nall tlie period of the Revolution, when the place was constantly a\\ndepot of supplies, and an outpost always threatened, but never\\nreached, by British expeditions from Canada or from the Indian\\ncountr}\\nThis was the meeting-place of the Continental Congress of\\n1754. in which all the Colonies north of Virginia convened by\\ndelegates to discuss the proposal of a federal union. The plan\\nproposed by Benjamin Franklin was agreed to, but none of the\\nColonies would ratify it because it delegated too much power to\\nthe general government; while the king refused to approve of it,\\non the other hand, because it did not go far enough in that direc-\\ntion. But the Constitution of the United States, adopted only a\\ndozen years later, was so closely similar that the idea of the\\nUnion may be said to have been first formulated here in Albany\\nin 1754. Washington visited the town in 1783, and dined in the\\nSchuyler mansion; and Lafayette, who had commanded the post\\nfor a time during the war, revisited the city in 1784. In 1790\\nthe census showed that Albany County had a population of 75,150\\n(almost twice as much as New York County), and the city, 3,506.\\nIt was on the emigrant road to the Genesee country, the West\\nof that day, and grew rapidly. In 1797 it was made the capital\\nof the State, and by 1800 numbered 5,349 citizens, and la 1810,\\n10,762. The first steamboat began running here in 1811, and the\\nnext year Greenbush was chosen as the headquarters and rendez-\\nvous for General Dearborn, the comraander-in chief of the armies\\nin the second war with Great Britain, and thousands of troops\\nwere gathered in and about the city. This stimulated the growth\\nof the town to 12,541 in 1830, and the opening of the Erie Canal\\nto this point in 1825 (the occasion of great local rejoicing)\\ndoubled these figures, which had increased to 33,000 in 1830.\\nTwo years later (1832) saw the first railroad train running\\nbetween Albany and Schenectady; but it was not until 1851 that\\nthe Hudson River road gave a through rail connection to New\\nYork, the first train making the run in three hours and fifty-five\\nminutes, including stops; nor until 1853 that the consolidated rail-\\nroads were opened westward to Niagara Falls and Buffalo, and\\nnorth to Montreal; and it was six years later (1859) before the\\nopening of the Delaware Hudson s route to Binghamton and\\nthe Pennsylvania coal region. Within late years the city s", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "204 THE CAPITAL CITY.\\nadvancement has been steady, and the population now exceeds\\n103,000.\\nBesides its political and social prominence the city is largely\\nengaged in lumber, grain, and shipping interests, and in manufact-\\nuring, particularly stoves and other ironware.\\nThe tour of Albany and its sights is easily accomplished.\\nThe capitol. State museum, and most notable buildings are all\\nwithin walking distance of the boat landing, railway stations, and\\nhotels; and for farther explorations electric street-cars and pub-\\nlic carriages are available in all directions, the cars running\\nnorth as far as Troy, west to the stock-yards and shops of West\\nAlbany, and south to The Island.\\nThe steamboat landing is an open space at the foot of Broad-\\nway, whence a walk of five minutes to the right (northward)\\nleads you to the foot of State Street, the business center, where\\nall street-cars converge.\\nThe covered way from the exit of the Union Station, or\\nMaiden Lane from the Delaware Hudson Station, takes you\\nin two minutes to the same central point. Broadway is the oldest,\\nmost varied, and important of the north and south streets. Its\\ngreat width opposite the Union Depot is due to the fact that the\\nmiddle was formerly occupied by a market; and its extensions\\nsouthward and northward were, respectively, the Albany Turn-\\npike and the Troy Road. Its junction with State Street forms a\\nproper starling-point for any tour of the city.\\nState Street is tlie wide avenue which, starting at Broadway,\\nslopes straight up the hill to the capitol, and then, with a slight\\nsouthern displacement by this obstruction, stretches west to and\\nbeyond Washington Park, as the high street of the city. Its\\ngreat width is due to the fact that originally it was a double\\nstreet, in the center of which stood the public buildings of the\\nearly history of the town. A picture of it at the opening of this\\ncentury is preserved in Mrs. Grant s Memoirs of an American\\nLady:\\nThe city of Albany was stretched along the banks of the\\nHudson; one very wide and long street lay parallel to the river,\\nthe intermediate space between it and the shore being occupied\\nby gardens. A small but steep hill rose above the center of the\\ntown, on which stood a fort intended (but very ill adapted) for\\nthe defense of the place and of the neighboring country. From", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "THE CHASM. CATSKILL CREEK.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY. 205\\nthe foot of this hill another street was built, sloping pretty\\nrapidly down till it joined the one before mentioned that ran\\nalong the river. This street was still wider than the other; it\\nwas only paved on each side, the middle being occupied by pub-\\nlic edifices. These consisted of a market-place, or guard-house, a\\ntown hall, and the English and Dutch churches. The English\\nchurch, belonging to the Episcopal persuasion and in the diocese\\nof the Bishop of London, stood at the foot of the hill at the\\nupper end of the street. The Dutch church was situated at the\\nbottom of the descent where the street terminated; two irregular\\nstreets, not so broad but equally long, ran parallel to those, and\\na few even ones opened between them. The town in proportion to\\nits population occupied a great space of ground. This city, in\\nshort, was a kind of semi-rural establishment; every house had\\nits garden, well, and a little green behind; before every door a\\ntree was planted, rendered interesting by being coeval with some\\nbeloved member of the family; many of their trees were of a\\nprodigious size and extraordinary beauty, but without regularity,\\neach one planting the kind that best pleased him, or which he\\nthought would afford the most agreeable shade to the open por-\\ntico at his door, which was surrounded by seats, and ascended by\\na few steps. It was in these that each domestic group was seated\\nin summer evenings to enjoy the balmy twilight or serenely clear\\nmoonlight. Each family had a cow, fed in common pasture at\\nthe end of the town. In the evening they returned all together,\\nof their own accord with their tinkling bells hung at their necks\\nalong the wide and grassy street to their wonted sheltering\\ntrees, to be milked at their masters doors.\\nTHE STATE CAPITOL.\\nAlthough the Legislature convened first in Albany in 1797, a\\nspecial building was not completed until 1808. Then the old\\ncapitol was built on the hill, just in front of the present structure,\\nthe site of which was then occupied by the old English fortifica-\\ntion, Fort Frederic. In the course of half a century this building\\nwas outgrown, and as early as 1863 a proposal looking toward a\\nnew one was introduced into the Legislature. Various cities\\nmade strenuous efforts to have the capital changed to their towns;\\nbut the general sentiment of the State, outside of New Yorls.\\nCity, was in favor of its remaining at Albany; and this city was\\nmunificent in its grant of land adequate for the purpose. Two\\nappropriations, aggregating $500,000, were made, and in 1869\\nfoundations were begun for a building expected to cost $4,000,000,\\nafter plans by Thomas Fuller. The foundations are of course\\nof the most substantial character, resting upon a bed of concrete", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "206 THE CAPITAL CITY.\\nfour feet in thickness, fifteen feet below tlie surface, and inclos-\\ning a sub-basement containing 114 different apartments. The\\ncorner-stone was laid with masonic ceremonies on June 24, 1871,\\nand since then the work has progressed, now rapidly, now slowly,\\nto the present time, under changing commissions, superintendents,\\nand architectural advisers. By the end of 1878 it was completed\\nso far as to be partly occupied, and on the evening of January 7,\\n1879, the new capitol was first occupied, the Senate meeting in\\nthe chamber intended for the Court of Appeals and the Assembly\\nin its own chamber. This event was signalized by a large and\\nbrilliant reception, in which the city of Albany entertained 8,000\\npeople, including many highly eminent men and women. A\\nmore formal public occupation occurred on the evening of\\nFebruary 11th; but the Senate Chamber was not occupied untiJ\\nMarch 10, 1881.\\nThe site oi this great building, which is so conspicuous from\\nevery approach to Albany, is the central hilltop of the city.\\nwhich had been crowned with the castle, or fort, of the\\ncolonial town from the earliest times. The surface of the park\\nis 155 feet above the Hudson, and embraces 7f acres.\\nThe size of the structure, says Phelps, impresses the\\nbeholder at once. It is 300 feet north and south by 400 feet\\neast and west, and with the porticos will cover three acres and\\nseven square feet. The walls are 108 feet high from the water-\\ntable, and all this is worked out of solid granite brought, most\\nof it, from Hallowell, Me.\\nThe impression produced varies with various persons. One\\naccomplished writer finds it not unlike that made by the photo-\\ngraphs of those gigantic structures in the northern and eastern\\nparts of India, which are seen in full series on the walls of the\\nSouth Kensington, and by their barbaric profusion of ornamenta-\\ntion and true magnificence of design give the stay at-home Briton\\nsome faint inkling of the empire which has invested his queen\\nwith another and more high-sounding title. Yet when close at\\nhand the building does not bear out this connection with Indian\\narcliitecture of the grand style; it might be mere chance that at a\\ndistance there is a similarity; or it may be that the smallness of\\nsize in the decorations as compared to the structure itself explains\\nfully why there is a tendency to confuse the eye by the number of\\nprojections, arches, pillars, shallow recesses, and what not, which\\nvariegate the different fa9ades. The confusion is not entirely\\ndispleasing; it gives a sense of unstinted riches, and so far\\nrepresents exactly the spirit that has reared the pile.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY 207\\nOn the other hand, Mr. Edward A. Freeman, the English\\nhistorian, was, by the general look of the city, carried so com-\\npletely into another part of the world that if any one had come\\nup and told me in French, old or new, that the new capitol was\\nle chateau de Monseigneur Ic Due d Albanie, I could almost\\nhave believed him.\\nThe building is constructed around a central square court,\\nand is in architectural plan a modified style of Italian Renais-\\nsance. The roof, at least so far as the east front (looking down\\nState Street) is concerned, is to be further modified by the\\nextension tliere of a great gable, which will lend mass and dignity\\nto that, its principal aspect. The center of the structure is to be\\nsurmounted by a lofty tower, capped with dome and pinnacles.\\nThe grand marble approach to the east front was finally com-\\npleted during 1898. It consists of an immense and magnificent\\nflight of stone steps, 100 feet in width, broken by landings and\\nterraces, leading up to the level of the second story. Beneath\\nthis, supported by ornamental pillars and arches, is a passage-way\\nfor carriages; while the heavy balustrades of the sloping approach,\\nand its wing-lil^e terraces, are elaborately and variously carved.\\nIt is not possible to judge fairly of the architectural effect of the\\ngreat structure until the tower is erected, and the whole is brought\\ninto a structural harmony now lacking. The total cost of the\\nfinished capitol will be not less than |20,000,000.\\nThe entrances, pending the completion of the east front, are in\\nthe north front, on Washington Avenue, and in the south front,\\non State Street. These admit to the second floor.\\nThe first, or ground, floor has little of interest to the sight-\\nseer. Its rooms are devoted to committees and to various depart-\\nmental offices.\\nThe second, or entrance, floor, however, contains not only\\nmany offices, including that of the Secretary of State, but one\\nobject of special interest, the Governor s Room. The Golden\\nCorridor has been cut up into offices.\\nThe Governor s Room is situated in the southeast corner of\\nthe second, or entrance, story, and is reached by the South-side Co7\\nridor. This corridor is lighted by elevated windows, and is\\nwainscoted with colored marbles, lending a richness and variety\\nof color to the hall which are exceedingly pleasing. The Execu-\\ntive Chamber itself is a room 60 x 40 feet in dimensions, wains-", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "208 THE CAPITAL CITY.\\ncoted to a height of fifteen or sixteen feet with mahogany set in\\nsquare panels. Above the line of carved molding that surmounts\\nit are hangings of Spanish leather, and the ceiling is paneled in\\ndark wood.\\nThe Halls of the Courts and Legislature and the Library give\\nto the third fiom^ a higher interest than belongs to any other.\\nElevators on both sides of the buildings will carry one to these\\nupper stories, or the ascent may be made by one or other of the\\nthree noble staircases, of which the Western is the newest and\\nmost remarkable.\\nThe Western Staircase occupies a great square opening or\\nwell in the western part of the capitol, and undoubtedly is the\\nmost ornate thing of its kind in the country. It is wholly of\\nstone and double, the flights meeting in central platforms borne\\nupon pillars, and diverging picturesquely to the floor-landings\\nwhile the whole ends at the top in decorated finials to the balus-\\ntrades, leaving a large open space, replete with intricate carving,\\nbeneath the low glass dome that illuminates the whole with a\\nflood of light. The material of the staircase, its surrounding bal-\\nustrades, supports, etc. is pale-red Corsehili freestone while the\\nsteps are of a paler tint of Medina sandstone. Everywhere the\\nchisel of the carver has been employed in decorations which are\\nharmonious in general style yet difl er in detail, so that one s eye\\nnever rests twice upon the same ornament. Peering forth from\\nthe profuse and intricate designs of leaves, flowers, fruits, and\\nribbons peer the faces of many well-known men, mainly heroes of\\nthe early history of the State, but including also statesmen of\\nnational renown. These portrait-heads, which are often excellent\\nin drawing, are labeled, and in some cases are accompanied by\\nsymbols; and they are not, perhaps, out of place in such a build-\\ning as a part of such an unconventional performance as this is.\\nEspecial attention has been given to the balustrade in the six\\nopenings of the third story, and to the surrounding walls.\\nThe Senate Staircase ascends from the ground floor, east\\nof the entrance on the south side, to the highest gallery, and\\nis of massive brown sandstone, supported by, and supporting,\\narches whose pillars and edges are ornamented with elaborate\\ncarvings, lighted by openings, and overlooked by balconies.\\nThe greatness and strength of the structure, the elaborateness of\\nthe decoration, and the harmony and softness of the coloring", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY. 209\\ncombine to give an effect of dignity and richness perhaps\\nunequaled in the world. It takes its name from the fact that it\\nleads to the room in which the Senate sits, to which the visitor is\\nconducted by an ornate passage way called the Corridor of\\nColumns.\\nThe Senate Chamber is at the east end of the south side, and\\nwas decorated by the late H. H. Richardson, who is regarded as\\nAmerica s greatest Jirchitect. Passing through lobbies wainscoted\\nwith marble, a room is entered whose sumptuous adornment is\\nbeyond realization until one has studied it long and closely. The\\nlight conies through great windows of stained glass, iridescent\\nand opalescent, set in frames of stoue most intricately carved.\\nBetween the windows the wall is of Tennessee marble; but above\\nthem is a broad space paneled with Mexican onyx. Above this\\npaneling is a string-course of simply carved marble, and above\\nthis an upper tier of windows, six in number. Surmounting all\\nis set a broad golden frieze, consisting of a surface of gilded\\nlead, beaten by hammers and stamps into an arabesque orna-\\nment in low relief that is exceedingly effective. From this\\nfrieze, and supported upon carved corbels of stone, spring the\\ngreat beams of the oak ceiling, elaborately paneled and deco-\\nrated. The series of arches underneath which the balcony -like\\ngalleries are placed, the grand fire-places on each side of the\\nentrance door, and the heavy, ornate chandeliers are other very\\nnotable features in the magnificent design of this palatial hall.\\nThe doorway and fire-places are constructed of marble, as is\\nthe space between them. The openings of the fire-places are\\nabout six feet in height and something more in breadth. The\\ncheerful effect of these when filled with blazing logs, the flumes\\nof which are reflected on the polished onyx and marble from all\\nsides of the room, may well be imagined. The chim-\\nney-pieces are finished with and surmounted by hoods slanting\\nback to the wall at a steep angle, and ornamented with crockets\\nand carved bands. The whole chimney-pieces are about half as\\nhigh as the room, reaching to the string-course below the gold\\nfrieze. Above the doorway and wall space of Knoxville marble\\nwe see the wall-space up to the frieze covered with the Mexican\\nonyx panel, and like the frieze in greater extent of surface than\\nelsewhere. So placed, these two great fields of onyx and gold\\ncatch the broad southern light and afford a great diversity in\\nthe play of color; and offer the necessary repose to the eye after\\nlooking at surfaces broken by the arches of the windows on the\\nsouth, east, and west walls.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "210 THE CAPITAL CITY.\\nThe Assembly Chamber, at the other end of the building, on\\nthe same floor, is perhaps equally magnificent in a different way.\\nIt is larger and less jeweled, so to speak; but the sense of\\ngrandeur is very striking. It measures 84 x 140 feet, but the\\ngalleries restrict the floor-space of the chamber proper to eighty-\\nfour by fifty-five feet.\\nThe elevated Speaker s desk faces the entrance; behind it is\\nthe press gallery, and before and beneath it the long desk of the\\nAssembly clerks. The seats of the members are at small, red\\ntopped desks, arranged in six concentric rows. These desks, and\\nthe long desks of the Speaker and clerks, are all of dark and\\nrichly polished mahogany. At the rear is a lobby, shut off from\\nthe floor by a broad rail. The limits of the floor are defined\\nby four enormous pillars of rose granite, which spring from\\nwhite marble bases to white marble capitals. These originally\\nsupported a massive grained arch of stone, the largest in the\\nworld, whose peak was fifty-six feet above the floor. This was\\nflanked and interwoven with other noble arches of creamy sand-\\nstone, divided by the sweeping lines of deeper toned ribs,\\nand fretted with wide belts of ornament climbing their climbing\\ncourses, touched with the gleam of gold, and standing out from\\nhollows filled with deep ultramarine and burning vermilion, to\\nthe dark backward and abysm of the remotest vault. At that\\ntime the north and south walls were covered by great allegorical\\npaintings from the brush of Richard M. Hunt the only work of\\nthe sort he ever did. They represented the Flight of Niaht and\\nThe Discoverer. Unfortunately, however, the mechanical work-\\nmanship of this splendid stone canopy was found to be defective,\\nand it became necessary to take it down. The arches overhead\\nhave, therefore, disappeared.\\nIn their place is a ceiling which is itself sufficiently beautiful.\\nIt is of carved and polished oak. Massive beams stretch from\\npillar to pillar in four directions, dividing the ceiling into great\\nsections. These beams and brackets arc elaborately carved, and\\ntbe spaces between them are divided into many small square pan-\\nels, each deeply recessed and carved profusely, but in excellent\\ntaste, so that the effect is exceedingly fine, whether seen by day-\\nlight or lamplight.\\nThe walls are finely in keeping. On each side of the room are\\nthree great windows, each capped by an arched space filled with\\nstained glass; and the wall about these rounded heads, and the\\nspandrels between them, are filled with a broad design, colored\\nand cut in low relief, as if largely tiled. Above this is a hori-\\nzontal band of graysto le panels, and above that again a row of\\nmany windows, just under the ceiling, which are filled with\\nstained glass, rich and thick, flooding the auditorium^ and the\\nrose-red pillars and the carved oak and mahogany of ceiling and\\nfurniture with a vari-colored radiance.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY. 211\\nThe Court-Room of the Court of Appeals, in the southeast\\ncorner of this same (the third) floor, over the Executive Chamber,\\nis another apartment worthy of examination. It is 53 x 35 feet\\nin dimensions, and lofty in proportion, and is finished in oak,\\nwith carved stone about the windows, and much carving upon\\nthe rails that divide the panels, over the great fire-place of Sienna\\nmarble and onyx, and about the august seat of the justices of\\nthis highest of State Courts. Adjoining are a suite of other\\nrooms devoted to the purposes of the court, all appropriately\\narranged and decorated, and like this court-room adorned witli\\nvaluable portraits of distinguished men.\\nThe State Library occupies extensive quarters on this same\\nfloor at the west end of the capitol, and should not be overlooked\\nby the visitor interested in books. Its history begins in 1818,\\nand it has grown to something like 150,000 volumes. It is sus-\\ntained by a moderate annual appropriation, and is open to con-\\nsultation by any person. While every sort of book is to be found\\nupon its shelves, its specialties are the Law Library in which it is\\nexcelled only by the Library of Congress and its books relating\\nto American history and development. Among these are many\\nnearly unique, and of great value in the market as well as to stu-\\ndents. Many manuscripts of this nature are included. In\\n1853 the Legislature authorized the purchase of the correspond-\\nence and, other papers of George Clinton, the first Governor of ihe\\nState. These manuscripts have been bound in twenty-three folio\\nvolumes, and a calendar since added. A copious index to all\\nnames mentioned in these papers is now in preparation. Enough\\nof other Clinton manuscripts have since been procured to fill ten\\nsimilar volumes. The papers found on the person of Major\\nAndre by his captors at Tarrytown were among the Clinton\\nmanuscripts, and have been framed and put under glass. The\\npapers of Sir William Johnson, covering a period of the history\\nof Central New York from 173S to 1774, were also purchased and\\narranged and bound in twenty-two folio volumes. These\\npapers have been thoroughly indexed, and the catalogue of the\\nwhole library, including its 65,000 or more pamphlets, is very\\ncomplete.\\nIn addition to the books, other articles of value and interest\\nhave drifted in as to a safe place of deposit for the inspection of\\n17", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "212 THE CAPITAL CITY.\\nvisitors. Among these are a sword and pistol and tlio surveying\\ninstruments of Wasliington; the swords presented to General\\nWorth by the United States, by New Yorli State, and by the city\\nof Hudson for brilliant services in the Mexican War; busts of\\nsome of the eminent statesmen of New York; portraits in oil of\\nmany of the governors and regents of the university, and a\\nnumismatic collection of considerable value. It is a reference\\nlibrary, and only members of the Legislature, heads of depart-\\nments of the State government, and the trustees of the library\\nhave the privilege of taking books to their residences. The\\nlibrary is open daily from 9 a m. to 5 p. m., except Sundays, and\\nholidays, and from^the 5th to the 20th of August; during sessions\\nof the ^Legislature till 6 p. m., except Saturdays, when it closes at\\n5 p. M.\\nThe fourth, or gallery, floor is so called because it gives access\\nto the public galleries of the Senate, Assembly, and Court\\nchambers. It contains, besides these entrances, the rooms of a\\nnumber of government departments, and one of its corridors,\\nthat at the west end on the south side, is devoted to a museum of\\nmilitary records and relics, which to the right-thinking patriot\\nis perhaps the most impressive sight in Albany.\\nThis collection, Mr. Phelps tells us in his Handbook, which\\nshould be in the hands of every iuteUigent visitor at the capitol,\\ngrew out of a desire to perpetuate in some way the patriotic\\nmemories of the War of the Rebellion. It was at first proposed\\nto erect a suitable building for the purpose, and over $30,000 was\\nsubscribed by towns and by individuals. This money is now on\\ndeposit, and the interest helps to support the bureau, which is\\nunder the charge of the Adjutant-General. The objects of\\ngreatest interest are the hattle-flags of the various State regiments,\\n\u00c2\u00ab04 in number, some of them torn in shreds, others still bearing\\nplainly the names of the battles in which the regiments partici-\\npated. These are in cases in the Senate gallery corridor. There arc\\ntwenty-eight rebel ensigns captured from the enemy, and many\\nother trophies to interest the curious. Over 3,000 photographs\\nhave been collected, and many are framed and on exhibition.\\nThere is also a large collection of newspapers in which the history\\nof the war was written in the time of it; many specimens\\nof ordnance; some relics of the Revolutionary War and of\\nthe War of 1812; an interesting collection of Lincoln memo-\\nrials, including a piece of the bloody shirt taken from his\\nperson on the night of the assassination. Another interesting\\ngroup is the clothes worn by Colonel Ellsworth when he was shot\\ndown in Alexandria, and the rebel flag which he took from the\\nMarshall House, an act which led to his untimely death.\\nWhen on this floor the curious visitor will take occasion to look\\nout upon the great interior court, and examine the coats-of-arms", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY. 213\\ncarved over the six dormer windows that open upon it from the\\nattic. These coats-of-arms are those of the six colonial families\\ndeemed most prominent in the history of the State, which are as\\nfollows: On the north side, east, Lwingston; middle, Schuyler;\\nwest, Stuyvesant on the south side, east, Tompkins; middle,\\nClinton; west, Jay.\\nBut there is much else to see in Albany besides this magnifi-\\ncent capitol. Many notable buildings surround, or are within\\neasy distance of, this elm-shaded Capitol Square at the head of\\nthe broad and historic State Street. The old-fashioned brown-\\nstone building at the northwestern corner is the Boys Academy,\\nwhich has been a famous school ever since 1815; and the bit of\\ngreen in front of it is called Academy Park.\\nIt was in the upper room of this building that Joseph\\nHenry, who from 182(5 to 1832 was one of the professors, first\\ndemonstrated the theory of the magnetic telegraph in transmit-\\nting intelligence, by ringing a bell through a mile of wire strung\\naround the room. It only remained for Professor Morse to invent\\nthe code of signals and the machine for making them, and the thing\\nwas done. As has been well said, The click heard from every\\njoint of those mystic wires, which now link together every city\\nand village all over this continent, is but the echo of that little\\nbell which first sounded in the upper room of the Albany Acad-\\nemy. It was in this building that the well-known Bullions gram-\\nmars were written, and first used as text-books by their author,\\nprofessor of Latin and Greek in the institution. For many years\\nT. Romeyn Beck, who created the science of medical jurispru-\\ndence, was the principal, and at all times the institution has main-\\ntained an enviable reputation. On the 26th of June, 1863, a\\nsemi-centennial celebration was held, when it was found that more\\nthan 5,000 students had been educated here. Phelps.\\nThe slope of Academy and Capitol parks, separated by Wash-\\nington Avenue, extends down to Eagle Street, upon which, facing\\nAcademy Park, are two remarkable buildings\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the State Hall\\nand the City Hall.\\nThe State Hall is the large red-domed structure of Sing Sing\\nmarble, on the corner of Steuben Street, which has been occupied\\nby various commissions and other State departments since 1842.\\nThe High School stands upon the next corner north; and a\\nshort distance away, on Elk Street, is the great St. Agnes\\nSeminary. Next to it, on the corner of Maiden Lane, is the\\n17", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "214 THE CAPITAL CITY.\\nCity Hall.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 This conspicuous and beautiful building is the\\nmasterpiece of the artist-architect H. H. Richariison. It is built\\nof reddish granite in a freely modified Gothic style, and is sur-\\nmounted by a square tower 202 feet high. This building was\\nerected in 1883 at a total cost of about |335,000. The handsome i\\ngranite edifice on Maiden Lane, behind it, is Masonic Hall.\\nA few doors down State Street, on the south side, near Lodge\\nStreet, is the large plain brick building called Ocological Hall,\\ndark and unsuitable, in which is now housed the\\nState Museum of Natural History. It is well worth a\\nvisit, and should be regarded with more interest and pride than\\nhas hitherto been accorded to it by the people of the State gener-\\nally. The Entrance Hall is devoted to an exhibit of building-\\nstones dressed in various ways so as to display their good quali-\\nties. At the right is the large and handsome cabinet of minerals.\\nThe other rooms upon this (the ground) floor are devoted mainly\\nto offices, store-rooms, and the quarters of the State Agricultural\\nSociety. The second floor is devoted to geology and paleontology\\nprimarily of this State; and the range of rocks found in New\\nYork is so extensive that the formations here represented consti-\\ntute the most complete series of paleozoic rocks known in the\\nworld. This series will be found in a continuous line of table-\\ncases around the room, which, examined from left to right, show\\nthe regular superposition of geological formations. The stu-\\ndent is assisted by a long colored section of the geology\\nof the State, up to the base of the coal measures. A full illus-\\ntrative series of the ores of the State, especially of iron, is also\\nfound here.\\nThe third floor is given up to collections of rock specimens and\\nfossils exhibiting the geological formations of New York since\\nthe carboniferous period, and including the very complete and\\nremarkable skeleton of the mastodon discovered many years ago\\nat Cohoes.\\nThe zoological and ethnological collections on the fourth floor,\\nhowever, are those of most popular interest. The former are\\nespecially strong in ornithology and conchology, but contain\\nmany American mammals, some of them rare, as the white goat\\nof the northern Rocky Mountains. The birds are largely of the\\nDe Rham collection; while the shells are of the private collections\\nof two famous conchologists, Gould and P. P. Carpenter,", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "THE CAPITAL CITY. 215\\nAll the collections are arranged for study and comparison,\\nand the museum is strictly an educational institution, which is\\nmade available by thousands of students and by the public,\\nand its influence is gradually pervading the entire community.\\nBeing a State institution the museum should be considered as\\ncosmopolitan. Its intentions are to cover the whole field of natu-\\nral research, and to be a center for the dissemination of a tech-\\nnical and popular knowledge of the products, fauna, and tlora of\\nthe entire State. With Ihis view it should be an object of inter-\\nest for the remote portions of the State as well as the immediate\\nlocality.\\nThe beautiful Norman-Gothic tower of St. Peter s Episco-\\npal Church, Opposite Geological Hall, will attract admiring atten-\\ntion. This building is the third which has stood upon this site;\\nbut the original house of worship was the English church\\nmentioned by Mrs, Grant in the citation heretofore quoted, and\\nstood in the middle of State Street opposite its present position.\\nIt is built of Schenectady bluestone with New Jersey brown-\\nstone trimmings, and will seat about 1,000 persons. The tower,\\none of the richest specimens of French Gothic in this country,\\ncontains a chime of eleven bells, and another bell marked 1751,\\nwhich is used only to ring in the new year. A communion\\nservice, the gift of Queen Anne to a projected chapel among the\\nOnondagas which was never built, was given to this church at\\nthe frontier post in 1716, and has been in use ever since. It con-\\nsists of seven pieces of solid silver, each of them bearing the\\nroyal arms and a curious inscription. The vault in the vestry-\\nroom of the church also contains the parchment conveying the\\noriginal grant of land by George I. and the charter of the parish\\ngiven by George III. The memorial windows of the church, of\\nwhich there are a great number, are very fine specimens of English\\ndecorated glass.\\nState Street is devoted to business houses for the most part-\\nbanks, newspapers, and office buildings. It is crossed in the\\nmiddle by Pearl Street, running north and south, and containing\\nthe best stores and the most prominent office buildings, of which\\nthe new Albany Savings Bank, a Corinthian marble building\\nerected in 1898, the D. H. Building, and the Kenmore Hotel\\nare the most conspicuous and handsome. At the foot of State\\nStreet stands the\\nFederal Building, in free Eenaissance style, which has", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "216 THE CAPITAL CITY.\\ncost about $600,000, exclusive of the ground, and is occupied by\\nthe Post Office, United States Courts, and Custom House.\\nThe best residence part of Albany is upon the high ground\\nnear and west of the capitol, and especially along Washington\\nAvenue\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a broad, beautifully shaded thoroughfare, lined with\\nstately homes. Half-a-mile above the capitol is Washington Park,\\na beautiful pleasure-ground of over eighty acres, containing\\nmiles of walks and driveways, and a lake 1,600 feet long.\\nThe park is reached by the State Street line of trolley-cars,\\nwhich go within a short distance of it (at Knox Street); but more\\ndirectly by the Hamilton Street line, which runs along Madison\\nAvenue directly on the border. In the season for flowers no one\\nshould miss seeing the beautiful display of 40,000 bedded plants,\\nmost of which are placed near Willett Street, between Hudson\\nand Lancaster. A baud plays in the cupola of the lake-house\\nnearly every week in the summer, and is listened toby thousands\\nwho walk or drive about the beautiful grounds. In the skating\\nseason the lake is of course the great place of resort; but at all\\nseasons of the year, when the weather will permit, the park is\\nfrequented by hundreds daily.\\nThe special features of the park, aside from the artistic\\nmanner in which it is laid out and the careful manner in which it\\nis tended, are its noble trees, which were there when the land\\nwas taken for park purposes; and the scenery afforded by the\\ndistant Catskill Mountains and the Helderbergs.\\nOne who wishes to see the quaint older part of the city, which\\nwill remind him much more of a southern than a northern town,\\nshould go southward along the narrow street (Lodge) beside\\nGeological Hall, cross the market (whence an extremely pictur-\\nesque presentation of the towering capitol is obtained), and then\\nwander beyond until he is tired of the hilly narrow streets. Half-\\na-mile or so sovith of the capitol he will come upon the old\\nSchuyler Mansion, now a Roman Catholic asylum, which was\\nthe home in revolutionary days of the aristocratic, but patriotic\\nand kindly, Schuylers. It is a historic and interesting old house,\\nbut it does not give the impression of the elegance and wealth\\nthat belonged to the rich colonial families as did the old home of\\nPatroon Van Rensselaer, out at the head of North Broadway; but\\nthat grand mansion was moved, stone by stone and timber by\\ntimber, and re-erected in Williamstown, Mass., in 1897. Electric\\ncars run to Greenbush, Kenwood, Watervliet, and Troy.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY.\\nThe Upper Hudson is a very different river from that which\\nhas been followed so closely between Albany and New York Bay.\\nThe Boreas, North, Rocky, and Cedar rivers gather from the\\ninnermost glens of the Adirondacks to form its rollicking youth,\\nand escape from the mountains down a course that is only a long\\ntumbling through rocky rifts. The wilderness beauty of this\\nuppermost torrent is profaned by many dams, and it is only\\nbelow Eldridge s that even the hardiest canoeists dare put in their\\nboats; and few of these are willing to follow the bold example set\\nby Mr. Charles Farnham, the pioneer canoeist of that region, the\\nstory of whose running these rapids is briskly told in Vol. XXI of\\nScribnefs MoiitJily, p. 857. Read this account if you want to\\nknow how it seems to run Spruce Mountain Rift and the Horse\\nRace the two worst rapids of the mountain-gorge. Down to the\\nGlen the river is so furious that in a freshet only the most reck-\\nless lumbermen venture on its rapids. The ten miles from the\\nGlen to Thurman is not much better. Says Mr. Farnham:\\nThe Hudson about Thurman changes from a wild moun-\\ntain torrent to a stream of charming pastoral character.\\nThe valley here and there expands a little, and gives room for\\nbits of cultivation among varied hills and dales. The gloom of\\nthe forest is broken by a few fields and a farm-house, that are\\nvery welcome to the eye. The hills often shut the course of the\\nriver from view with bold points and narrow passes, quite like a\\nminiature of the grander Highlands. The islands in the broad\\nstream are picturesque with arching elms. The shores are varied\\nwith mossy rocks under golden beeches; with fields where brown\\nshocks of buckwheat peep over the bank; or with green pastures\\nand orchards near a home. The placid river was a long gallery\\nof autumnal pictures. I floated a day through its gorgeous halls\\nof crimson, gold, and green, flooded with sunlight; I drifted as\\nidly and as quietly as the fleets of leaves that came and went\\nwith the zephyr. After the rush and nervous combat on the\\nrapids, these tranquil beauties and these dreamy hours were\\ninexpressibly delightful.\\nThe roar of Hadley s Falls broke the spell, and announced one\\nof the most interesting episodes in the cruise. The gorge\\n(217)", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "218 THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY.\\nof Ihej iverliere [below the falls] is very narrow, crooked, and\\nwalled in with precipitous rocks. The current is swilt, tortuous,\\nand turbulent. Just below the foot of the fall is a steep plunge,\\nor shoot, where the water almost falls over some rocks, and rolls\\nup crested waves of quite formidable appearance, A few yards\\nbelow this is a second plunge, rather rougher than the first.\\nElsewhere the current is deep, and safe enough if it does not\\ndash you against the cavernous walls of rock. The best channel\\nis in the center of each shoot. The passage was short,\\nbut swift and exciting; and its successful termination was not\\nthe worst of it,\\nThe Hudson returns at Jessup s Landing to the ways of its\\nyouth by plunging down a great fall and then running seven\\nmiles as a wild rapid between high mountains. I unwisely\\nfollowed the counsel of the most prudent villagers instead of the\\nmost enterprising, and had my canoe carted four miles down the\\nriver to New Bridge. This mistake lost me over three miles of\\nstrong, swift water, deeper and safer than the rifts about River-\\nside and the Glen, But I made up the loss by camping here\\nseveral days and hunting gray squirrels. The mountains about\\nare delightful hunting-grounds. Every peak commands an\\nextensive view of the deep gorge where the river foams and\\nroars, of the wide valley of the Hudson rolling through the plain\\nfrom Glen s Falls to Troy, and of the Green Mountains along the\\neastern horizon. Every evening the neighbors collected about\\nmy camp-fire for stories. They brought me combs of wild honey\\nand sweet apples to roast. These bright fall days in the woods,\\nand the jovial hours of the evening, were some of the pleasantest\\nof the trip. But finally I launched on the last rapids, and soon\\nleft the mountains and the rifts for the plain and the still waters\\nof every-day life,\\nThe quiet Hudson below Glen s Falls offered no exciting\\npassages, but this part of my trip was quite as delightful as any\\nother, for the peaceful scenery, the rest on smooth waters, and\\nthe presence of civilization were all exceedingly welcome after\\nthe rough wilderness. At Northumberland I left the Hudson\\nand followed the canal on its west bank, to avoid some dams in\\nthe river; and at the same time to follow a more elevated route\\nfor better views. The canal offered also a new phase of life, and\\nm:iny pleasant civilities. Toward sundown I pnddled up to a\\ncanalboat loaded with lumber, and rested from a long day s pull\\nby towing alongside. The captain chatted to me while he\\nmanned the long tiller, his wife came up from the cabin to look\\nat the canoe, and their two children leaned over the rail as near\\nas possible to the Allegro, and almost devoured her with\\ncuriosity, The boat and its people seemed so attractive\\nthat I chartered them all to take the Allegro on board for the\\nthe night. She was soon placed in a hollow between the piles of\\nlumber, covered with the tent, and opened to receive calls from", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY. 219\\nall hands. Then the family took me still more into their circle.\\nAs we went into Ihcir cabin, and I inspect ed their diminutive but\\nneat quaiters, I thought it compared favorably with the cabin of\\nthe Allegro; for the beds, stove, stores, and furniture were all\\nwithin reach of a central seat. After a chat I bade them\\ngood-night, and went on deck to turn in. The silence of a\\nmisty night was scarcely broken by the tread of the horses on the\\ntow-path. Now and then the man at the helm called out to the\\ndriver in a slow, sleepy voice. The boat, as well as everything\\nelse, seemed in perfect rest; but wlien the headlight glared on a\\nbridge or a tree it seemed as if Nature were on a silent march to\\nthe rear. I soon fell asleep, after a long day of labor at the\\npaddle; but the night seemed almost a dream, for I knew that\\nwe traveled, yet felt not the slightest motion; that some one\\nwatched over our progress, although he ]-arely spoke; and more\\nthan all I enjoyed again the delightful feeling of home.\\nI turned out just before sunrise to enjoy every minute of\\nthe last day of my cruise; and thus we floated slowly\\nand idly through a charming country, while watching the\\nvarious operations of locking and w^eighing the boat, and other\\npeculiar scenes of canal life. As we advanced, the country\\nbecame still fuller of human interests. The sound of flails floated\\nover the banks, the hum of villages grew louder and more\\nfrequent. Then the smoky breath of Troy rang with shrill\\nwhistles and the heavy toils of commerce!\\nAlbany is the central point of departure for this upper valley\\nof the Hudson. Nearer to it are other attractive places of sum-\\nmer travel and residence. Eastward are the Berkshire Hills and\\nLebanon Springs, reached by the Boston Albany Railroad.\\nSouthward, along the line of the Delaware Hudson Railroad,\\nis Howe s Cave\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a vast cavern almost as great as the Mammoth\\nCave opening near the station, where a hotel-village has grown\\nup as the foremost of the summer resorts along the base of the\\nHelderberg Mountains. This is forty miles from Albany. Farther\\nis the branch line to Sharon Springs and Cherry Valley, while\\nstill farther south the western Catskills and Cooperstown are\\nreached by this line, which passes through a beautiful and storied\\nfarming country all the way to Binghampton and the Wyoming\\nValley of Pennsylvania.\\nWest of Albany goes the great four- track system of the New\\nYork Central Railroad, up the valley of the Mohawk, following\\nthe great prehistoric Indian highway to the west. The Central\\nRailroad also runs a line to Troy, with trains every half-hour all\\nday; this passes along the eastern bank of the river through East\\nAlbany, Greenbush, and the iron-works district of Troy.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "220 THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY.\\nTroy is the head of steamboat navigation upon the river, and\\none of the foremost manufacturing cities in the country, especially\\nin shirts, collars, and cuffs, in laundrying and laundry machinery,\\nand in iron- work, locomotives, and railway-cars. Its streets pre-\\nsent great animation, and some imposing business blocks. The\\nprincipal public buildings are the fine new Court House, a hand-\\nsome marble Federal Building, accommodating the Post Office and\\nFederal Courts, and the lofty Soldiers Monument. Troy has\\nfamous schools, of which the Rensselaer Polytechnic, for boys, and\\nthe Willard Seminary, for girls, are best known! The latter has\\nthe beautiful Sage Memorial Building. In its Union Depot center\\nthe New York Central, Delaware Hudson, Fitchburgh, and\\nCentral Vermont railroads, and electric cars run to Albany, Cohoes,\\nand Lansingburgh.\\nThe most interesting tours north of Albany, however, are\\nthose over the admirable lines of the Delaware Hudson Canal\\nCo. s railroads, which run to Saratoga, Lake George, Rutland,\\nVt., and along Lake Cham plain to various entrances to the Adi-\\nrondacks, and to Montreal.\\nLeaving Albany, the traveler passes through the great lumber\\ndistrict of that city\u00e2\u0080\u0094 which is the largest lumber market in the east-\\nern United States out into charming suburbs and past the Rural\\nCemetery, where many people of note have been buried amid the\\nmost charming surroundings; and so on past the United States\\narsenal and gun-foundry at Watervliet, and West Troy, to the\\nthe manufacturing city of Colioes. Here the Mohawk River is\\ncrossed on a magnificent double-truss iron bridge 960 feet long,\\nfrom which a good view of the falls may be had. The river at\\nthis point joins the Hudson through a series of branch streams, or\\nsprouts, forming many islands of much beauty. Waterford\\nand Mcclianicmlle are large manufacturing towns passed in suc-\\ncession, the latter the home and resting-place of Ellsworth\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\nfirst victim of the Civil War and the junction-point of branch\\nlines to Schenectady and Troy.\\nThe main line now leaves the Hudson and strikes northwest-\\nward through the camp-meeting grounds of Mound Lake and the\\npretty village of Balhton Spa to Saratoga, the queen of American\\nsummer resorts. The railroad runs through the heart of the vil-\\nlage, and from the car-windows one can get a good view of the\\nprincipal hotels and the main street.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "THE UPPER HUDSON COIHSTTRY. 221\\nSaratoga Springs is the most prominent inland summer resort\\nin ttie United States, and in some respects is as remarliable as any\\nin the world, resembling the famous Bath Wells of England in\\nthe last century with all the brilliant additions of modern luxury\\nand convenience. The permanent population of the town is\\nabout 12,000, but at the height of the summer season this popu-\\nlation is often doubled in number, and the whole of it seems to be\\ngiven over to gayety.\\nThe principal reason for the growth and prosperity of this\\nresort is found in the presence of the mineral springs which have\\nmade it famous for more than a century. Some of them yield\\nchalybeate waters, others contain iodine or sulphur, and all are\\nstrongly impregnated with carbonic acid gas. Their temperature\\nis usually from 46\u00c2\u00b0 to 50^ F., and most of them furnish water\\npleasant to drink, though this can hardly be said of those most in\\nrepute medicinally; possibly the nauseous taste has done some-\\nthing toward the faith in their efficacy. The waters principally\\nused are both tonic and cathartic in their action upon the human\\nsystem, and are considered especially beneficial to the stomach and\\nliver, and in cases of rheumatism, calculus, and similar disorders.\\nAbout thirty of these springs exist, all told, of which the prin-\\ncipal ones are:\\nCongress Spring, Columbian Spring, Hamilton Spring, Put-\\nnam Spring, Washington Spring, Geyser Spring, Saratoga Vichy\\nSpring, Saratoga Kissingen, Champion Spouting Spring, Carlsbad\\nSpring, Lafayette Spring, High Rock Spring, Star Spring, Seltzer\\nSpring, Magnetic Spring, Flat Rock Spring, Pavillion Spring,\\nRoyal Spring, Empire Spring, Red Spring, Excelsior Spring,\\nUnion Spring, White Sulphur Springs, Eureka Spring.\\nSaratoga Springs was one of the earliest settlements in that\\npart of the state, its beneficent fountains, its agreeable climate,\\nand lovely situation, its agricultural surroundings, and convenient\\nposition on the high way to the north, uniting to give it stability\\nand making it the summer resort of fashionable folk. In ante-\\nbellum days this was the favorite resort of rich Southerners, and\\nto this fact it owes some of its peculiar customs and attractions.\\nThese people and their wealthy successors,, who fiock thither from\\nall parts of the country, are the support of the great hotels, whose\\nvastness and splendor are still something to wonder at, and make\\nthe spectacle of the gay town in midsummer, l)ut scores of smaller", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "223 THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY.\\nhotels and boarding houses hold a quieter life and the beautiful\\nshady streets are lined with thousands of delightful homes.\\nThe height of the season is in July and August, when the\\ngreatest crowd is present, conventions are meeting daily, and the\\nraces offer a supreme attraction. The admirable service of the\\nexcellent Delaware Hudson Railroad is taxed to its utmost, and\\nseveral special trains are run daily. The Saratoga Races are\\namong the leading American events of their kind, and attract the\\nbest horses in the land. The track is on Union Avenue, and its\\nequipments in every particular are of the finest description.\\nThe country surrounding Saratoga Springs is hilly and beauti-\\nful, and the roads are excellent, so that driving is one of the\\nforemost pleasures. One of the special objects of a driving\\nexcursion is to Saratoga Lake, about four miles southeast of the\\nvillage. The lake is a charming place for boating, and has many\\nhouses and gardens of entertainment upon its shores, and it is\\nreached by an electric railway, and also by a public tally-ho\\ncoach, which runs once a day, starting from the United States\\nHotel and stopping at Thomas Hotel, a favorite place for eating\\ngame and fish dinners, served with the celebrated Saratoga\\nchips. Woodlawn Park, a fine expanse of 1,200 acres, a short\\ndistance from the town, is also open to the public, although\\nowned by Judge Hilton, who has his private residence there,\\nBroadway, the principal street of Saratoga and one of the most\\nbeautiful in the United States, is shaded by fine elm trees for a\\ndistance of three miles, and is kept in perfect order. The chief\\nhotels, the best shops, and most of the principal residences arc\\nsituated on this street, and it is thronged with prettily dressed\\nloungers in the morning and gay carriages as evening draws on,\\nwhile in the evening it sparkles with light and is ringing with\\nmusic and laughter.\\nA long account might justly be written about the hotels of\\nSaratoga, which maintain to this day their early reputation.\\nSome of them are among the largest and best appointed in the\\nworld, and probably more distinguished names are written upon\\ntheir registers each year than anywhere else in the country. It is\\nsaid that 20,000 guests can be accommodated by them at once,\\nand this capacity is sometimes taxed to the utmost. A directory\\nof these hotels will be found in the alphabetical list on page 229.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY. 223\\nFrom Saratoga the Adirondack Railroad reaches northward\\ninto the Southern Adirondacks. It reaches the Upper Hudson at\\nHadley, and then follows the va ley as far as North Creek; and\\nmuch of the way the brawling stream can be seen, though not at\\nits worst. Thurman, the Glen, and other places mentioned in\\ntlie canoe trip related a few paragraphs back, are stations on this\\nline; but the rural wildness of the va ley has been little disturbed\\nby its presence. From the terminus at JSorth Creek stages run\\nin summer into the mountains in several directions, and especially\\nto Blue Mountain Lake and the lakes beyond there Raquette,\\nthe Fulton Chain, Long Lake, and numberless others.\\nSaratoga is in the midst of a country deeply overlaid with\\nmemories of the utmost interest to Americans, and full of incidents\\npicturesque to foreigners. Here Arnold and Schuyler and Gates\\nwon renown, and Burgoyne obtained a greater fame by defeat, per-\\nhaps, than ever he would have secured by success. But the mem-\\nories go back to far older and fiercer stories than that; and this\\nis especially true a little farther north, in the region of Lake\\nGeorge and the southern end of Lake Champlain, where French\\nand English and Iroquois, noble and simple, troop past in a long\\nprocession of soldiers and priests and explorers as we summon\\nthe characters of local history during three centuries past. At\\nFort Edicard, which was a camp-ground in 1690, and in 1759 was\\nthe site of a strong fort, where was gathered Amherst s great\\nexpedition, which resulted in the conquest of Canada, one\\nchanges cars for Caldwell, at the foot of Lake George; and in\\nsummer one may make the circuit of that lake and return\\nthe next day, or at the upper end may pursue his journey\\nnorthward by rail or boat, as pleases him.\\nFort Ami is a historic village beyond Fort Edward; and next\\ncomes Whitehall, where a branch line will carry the traveler to\\nRutland, Vt., and so into the Green Mountains or on to the White\\nHills. Then comes Fort Ticonderoga, whose grim ruins crown\\nthe headland where Dieskau, and Montcalm, and Abercrombie,\\nand Amherst, and Ethan Allan, and Burgoyne commanded in turn\\narmies and an armament that were long ago turned to dust.\\nWhat memories of ambition and political intrigue and war these\\nnames Ticonderoga and Crown Point and Champlain arouse And\\nhow thrilling is it to wander about these crumbling walls and\\nretrace the old redoubts where such men struggled!", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "224 THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY.\\nThe shining expanse of beautiful Cliamphiin is plowed by the\\nkeels of swift steamers, and at all these ports the excursionists\\nmay embark for the northerly landings\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Burlington, Plattsburgh,\\netc. or he may continue in the railway-cars, along the cliff-\\nbordered western verge of the lake, and enjoy some of the most\\nstriking scenery in the country.\\nFrom Crown Point a railway extends westward to Paradox\\nLake, whence stages run to Schroon Lake, and on across to Taha-\\nwas and the headwaters of the Hudson. Westport gives another\\npopular entrance (by stage) to the Adirondacks.\\nTally-ho stages meet trains at Westport to convey passengers\\nto Elizabethtown, an enjo3^able ride of eight miles througli Raven\\nPass, whence stage lines run daily to Keene Valley. It is proba-\\nble that unless the traveler s time is limited he will yield to the\\ntemptation to tarry a few days at Elizabethtown before exploring\\nthe wonders beyond, and he will be wise to do so. Here are the\\nmost comfortable of hotels, filled in summer with hundreds of\\nguests representing the best elements of American social life.\\nGood drives radiate in all directions. Easy trails lead to the\\nsummits of Mount Hurricane and the Giant of the Valley. The\\nvillage itself is one of unusual beauty and salubrity. The lovely\\nPleasant Valley in which it lies is comparable only with the\\nfamed Keene Valley, a few miles beyond. The streams and\\nlakes in the vicinity will furnish good sport to the angler, and\\nthe forests unfailing attractions to the sportsman. The drive\\nover Symouds Hill and back, via the Pleasant Valley road along\\nthe windings of the Bouquet River, and to Split Rock Falls,\\nwhere the river descends a hundred feet through a wild chasm in\\na series of picturesque cataracts, should be taken. Wood Hill,\\nbut a few minutes easy walk from the hotels, should be visited for\\nthe prospect of mountains and the view up Pleasant Valley to be\\nhad from its summit. Cobble Hill, a short distance soathwest of\\nthe village, presents a formidable climb; but those who are will-\\ning to perform the little hard work necessary to reach its top will\\nbe amply repaid by the outlook. The view from the sharp peak\\nof Hurricane Mountain, which is easily ascended from the\\nEHzabethtown side, is one of the best high views to be had in\\nthe Adirondack Mountains; second only, perhaps, to that from\\nWhite Face. Nowhere else can the full glory of aii American\\nautumn be seen in greater brilliancy than on the hillsides and in\\nthe valley around Elizabethtown. The road to Lake Placid\\nfollows a westerly course, running alongside the bed of a rush-\\ning mountain stream, and passing many lovely cascades and pools.\\nAscending gradually the narrowing valley, we arrive in about\\nan hour at the top of Pitch-off Pass, under a noble cliff, and are\\nat an altitude of 1,710 feet. To the right, but a short distance", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY. 235\\naway, the bare and shining peak of Hurricane is seen. At our\\nfeet, a thousand feet below, Keene Valley lies spread out before\\nus in almost its entire extent, a vision of loveliness wiili its soft\\ngreen meadows and graceful elms; beyond it, range upon range\\nof grand mountain forms; and still farther, the pyramidal peak\\nof AVhite Face, rising high above all, presents itself for the first\\ntime to the observer an exalted type of mountain sublimity\\nwhich is quickly lost to the eye as we descend into the valley.\\nLooking to the south, a new surprise opens before us in the first\\nview of the Gothics, whose graceful outlines present a strange-\\nness of effect not to be found elsewhere, so far as the writer\\nknows, throughout the entire domain of mountain scenery. A\\nfew minutes later the dark cone of Mount Marcy is seen a few\\nmiles southwest; but the glimpse of the monarch is as fleeting\\nas that of White Face. We have now descended to the valley,\\nand if the tourist has a day or two to spare he will do well to\\nstop here before pursuing his journey, for lie is in one of the\\nloveliest vales that the sun shines upon. For six miles up the\\nvalley lovers of nature have dotted it with summer homes, and\\ngood hotels and boarding-houses are located in the most pict-\\nuresque situations. The Au Sable Ponds are most conveniently\\nvisited from Beede s, at the head of Keene Valley.\\nThe large hotels of Lake Placid are now in sight. We\\ndescend a short hill, cross a branch of the Au Sable, and when\\nwithin half-a-mile of Lake Placid experience a momentary feeling\\nof disappointment because our surroundings have suddenly grown\\nuninteresting. A few rods beyond, however, a turn in the woods\\nreveals that we have before us and around us one of the most\\nentrancing scenes in all nature; a picture so glorious that the\\nimagination can scarcely compass it, or conceive of a single\\nelement wanting to make it perfect.\\nFrom Port Kent, farther on, one can easily visit the Au Sable\\nChasm by rail; or pass on to the great Hotel Champlain, at Bluff\\nPoint, near Plattsburgh.\\nThis new and elegant hotel stands in th _tiidst of spacious,\\ncultivated grounds, upon a bold prrrcontory overlooking the\\nwater, and commanding a very wide view of the lake and the\\ngreen, and Adirondack Mountains. No less than 363 acres in\\nthe hotel grounds, mostly wooded, liave been laid out in walks\\nand drives. The hotel is 400 feet long, having an average width\\nof about fifty feet and a central width of ninety feet. This\\nimmense and costly structure is surmounted by three towers one\\nat each end, and a central tower 125 feet high. It is intended that\\nthe Champlain shall be the model summer hotel of its kind.\\nThe house and its furnishings are of the highest class, and\\nevery convenience that can conduce to the pleasure and comfort\\n18", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "226 THE UPPER HUDSON COUNTRY.\\nof its guests has been provided. Such has been the rapid growth\\nin popularity of Lake Champlain that the opening of this fine\\nhome for summer pleasure seekers signalizes an era of interest in\\nthis incomparable region that has placed its shores in the first\\nrank of summer resorts.\\nA short distance beyond, 168 miles from Albany, is the old and\\ninteresting town of Plattsburgli, much resorted to in summer, and\\nthe terminus of the Chateaugay Railroad, which runs up the Sara-\\nnac Valley to Saranac Lake. Twenty-four miles farther brings\\nthe traveler to Jiouse s Point, on the Canadian boundarjMine, and\\nonl^ fifty miles from Montreal\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a fit ending to the Tour of the\\nHudson.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HOTELS IN THE HUD-\\nSON VALLEY AND CATSKILLS.\\nThose Hotels bearing the star are open only in summer.\\nAlbany, Albany Co. Pop. 100,000. Hotels: The Ten Eyck\\n(new); The Kenmore, |4; Stanwix Hall, |3 to $4; Globe, |2; Hotel\\nVendome, $2; Keelefs (Eur.), 75 cents upward.\\nArkville, Delaware Co. Pop. 157. Hotels: Commercial\\nHouse, $1.50; Arkville Hotel, $1.50; Hoffman House,* special\\nrates; Locust Orove House.\\nAthens, Greene Co. Pop. 3,024. Hotels: Stewart House, $2;\\nThe Arlington, |2.\\nBig Indian, Ulster Co. Hotels: Joslyn House,* |2; Big\\nIndian, $2; Slide Mountain House,* %l.bO; Forest Home.\\nBloomville, Delaware Co. Pop. 236. Hotel: Bloommlle,\\n$1.50.\\nCairo, Greene Co. Pop. 573. Hotels: Columbian,* $3; Winter\\nGlove,* $2; Glenbrook House,* |2; Walter s, |2; The Rockwood,\\n$1.50; Chichester Hotel, $1.50; Glen Falls House, $1.50;\\nMaj)le Lawn, $1.50; Ma2)le Grove House, $1.50; Malaeska House,\\n$1.50; Hine House, $2; Jenning s, $2.\\nCastleton, Rensselaer Co. Pop. 1,127. Hotels: Rensselaer-\\nwyck, $2; Signer House, $2.\\nCatskill, Greene Co. Pop. 4,920. Hotels: Palmer House,\\n$2; Irving House, $2 to $3; Gray s Commercial Hotel, $2; Em-\\nbogcht, $2; Hart House (Landing). $2; Union (Landing), $2 to $3\\nMountain House,* $4 to $5; Prospect Park Hotel,* $3 to $4\\nGrant House,* $3; Glemoood,* $2.50; The Saulpaugh, $2 to $3\\nSmith s, $2; Gay s, $2.\\nCoeyman s, Albany Co. Pop. 963. Hotel: Gedney House, $2.\\n(227)", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "228 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HOTELS.\\nCold spring, Putnam Co. Hotel: Burnett House, |2to $2.50.\\nCornwall, Orange Co. Pop. 1,347. Hotels: Grand Central, -Z\\nto $2.50; Cornwall, $2; Ehn Park, $2; Mountain House,* $3;\\nElmer House,* $2.50 to $3; Olen Ridge,* $3; Grand Vieio,*\\n$2.50; Linden Park,* $2; The Cornell,* $2; Smith House,*\\n$2.50; Bay View House, *$2; Taylor House,* $2; Ward House,*\\n$2; Storm King House,* $1.50; Palmer House,* $1.50.\\nCoxsackie, Greene Co. Pop. 1,611. Hotels: Cummings, $2;\\nNew Eagle Hotel, $2; Larrabee House, $1.50.\\nDobb s Ferry, Westchester Co. Pop. 2,083. Hotels: i/^^e^\\nRiverview, special rates; Hotel Bellemie; Livingston House, special\\nrates; Emmet House, $2; Union Hotel, $1.50.\\nEast Windham, Greene Co. Pop. 110. Hotels: Butts House,*\\n$2; Summit House,* $2; Grand View Mountain House, special\\nrates,\\nEsopus, Ulster Co. Pop. 340. Hotels: Esopus Hotel, $1.50;\\nValley House, $1.50.\\nFishkill-on-Hudson, Dutchess Co. Pop. 3,617. Hotels:\\nColonial Inn, $2 to $2.50; Holland House, $3; Flannery s, $2;\\nStandard Hotel, $2.\\nFleischmann s, see Griffin s Corners.\\nGarrison s, Putnam Co. Pop. 160. Hotels: Highland House,*\\n$2.50 to $3; Garrison s, special rates.\\nGermantown, Columbia Co. Pop. 460. Hotels: Central, $2;\\nMountain View Hotel, $2.\\nGriffin s Corners, Delaware Co. Pop 365. Hotels: Lasher\\nHouse, $2; Sicitzerlaml,* $2; Maple Grove, $2.\\nHaines Falls, Greene Co. Hotels: Glen Park House, $2;\\nHaines Falls House,* $2; Shady Grove House,* $2; Sunset View\\nHouse,^ $2; The Antlers; Vista,* special rates; The Loxhurst,\\nspecial rates; Laurel House.\\nHastings, Westchester Co. Pop. 1,466. Hotels: Inter-\\nnational, $2; Warhurton House, $3.\\nHaver straw, Rockland Co. Pop. 5,170. Hotels: United\\nStates, $2; Rockland House, $1,", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HOTELS. 229\\nHensonville, Greene Co. Pop. 288. Hotels: Orchard Grove\\nHouse,* $2; Bloodgood House,* $1.50.\\nHighland (village), Ulster Co. Pop. 1,570. Hotels: Bellemie\\nVilla* $2; Higliland House* $3; Dobhs House, %1 50.\\nHighland Falls, Orange Co. Pop. 2,237. Hotels: Cranston*\\n(see West Point); Highland Villa* $2.50; Highland Falls* $2;\\nBrookside Cottage $1.50; The Villa, $2.\\nHighmount, see Summit Mountain.\\nHobart, Delaware Co. Pop. 561. Hotels: Hobart House,\\n1 1 50 Liberty Hall, $1.50.\\nHudson, Columbia Co. Pop. 9,970. Hotels: Worth House,\\n$2.50; Waldron House, $2; Hotel Lincoln, $2; Central, $2; City,\\n$1; St. Charles, $2; Curtiss House, $2.\\nHunter, Greene Co. Pop. 599. Hotels- Hotel St. Charles,\\n$2.50 to $4; The Arlington, $2; Hunter, $2.50; West End, $2;\\nCentred, $2; Hunter Mountain Prospect House* $2; The ICaats-\\nberg,* $2.\\nHyde Park, Dutchess Co. Pop. 738. Hotels: Horning House,\\n$2; Park Hotel, $2.\\nJewett s, Greene Co. Hotels: Jtwetfs Heights House,* $2;\\nToioer Mountain House,^ special rates.\\nKaaterskill, Greene Co. Hotel: Hotel Kaaterskill,* $5.\\nKingston, Ulster Co. Pop. 21,261. Hotels (in Kingston\\nproper): Eagle, $2 to $2.50; Clinton, $1.50. In old Rondout:\\nNeio Mansion House, $2 to $2.50; Oriental House, special rates.\\nLexington, Greene Co. Pop. 448. Hotels: Monroe House,*\\n$2.50; O Hara House,* $2.25; Lexington House,* $2.\\nLongyear (Cockburn House), see Mount Pleasant.\\nMargaretville, Delaware Co. Pop. 616. Hotels: Ackerly,*\\n$2.50; Hotel Bonton, $1.50; Maple Grove, $1.50; Riverside, $1.50.\\nMarlboro, Ulster Co. Pop. 870. Hotels: Exchange, $2;\\nPleasant View House, $2; Marlboro Home, special rates.\\nMatteawan, Dutchess Co. Pop. 4,278. Hotel: Dibble\\nHouse, $2.\\nMilton, Ulster Co. Pop. 531. Hotel: Milton House, $1.50.\\n18", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "330 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HOTELS.\\nMontgomery, Orange Co. Pop. 1,024. Hotels: National,\\n12; Palace, |2; Empire House, $1.50; Wallkill House, $2.\\nMount Pleasant, Ulster Co. Hotels: Gockhurii House |2.50;\\nThe Maples, $1.50; Winne House, $2.\\nNew Baltimore, Greene Co. Pop. 734. Hotels: Riverside\\nHouse, ^1.50; Windsor Hotel, $1.50.\\nNewburgh, Orange Co. Pop. 23,087. Hotels: Palatine, $3\\nto $4; United States, $2.50 to $3; Belmont House, $1.50.\\nNew Hamburgh, Dutchess Co. Pop. 573. Hotels: Central,\\nspecial rates; Traver House, $2.\\nNyack, Rockland Co. Pop. 4,111. Hotels: Palmer House,\\n$2; York House, special rates; St. George, $2 to $3; The Avallon*;\\nIvanhoe House, $1.50 to $2.\\nPalenville, Greene Co. Pop. 588. Hotels: Palenmlle,* special\\nrates; Stony Brook House,* $2 to $3; Pine Grove,* $2; Maple\\nGrcve,* $2; Winc7ielsea,* $2; Echo House,* $2; Drummond Falls,*\\n$1.50 to $2; Airy Hill House,* special rates; Central House, $1.50.\\nPeekskill, Westchester Co. Pop. 9,676. Hotels: Eagle, %2\\nto $3; Hudson Avenue Hotel, $2; Exchamje, $1.50; Allen House, $2.\\nPhoenicia, Ulster Co. Pop. 354. Hotels: Tremper House*\\n$3 to $4; The Martin,* $2; The Europea, $2.\\nPiermont, Rockland Co. Pop. 1,219. Hotels: The Windsor;\\nHaring House Hotel Riverview, $2 to $2.50.\\nPine Hill, Ulster Co. Pop. 400. Hotels: Winterton, $2.50;\\nRip Van Winkle,* $3; Alpine,* $2.50; Bonnie View House,* $2;\\nCornish House,* %2; Hotel Ulster,* $2; Brewerto?i,* $2.\\nPlatte Clove, Greene Co. Hotel: Plaaterkill Falls Mountain\\nHouse,* $2. Stage from Saugerties, 75 cents.\\nPoughkeepsie, Dutchess Co. Pop. 22,206. Hotels: Nelson\\nHouse, $2.50 to $3.50; Morgan House, $2.50 to $3.\\nPrattsville, Greene Co. Pop. 384. Hotels: Central, $2;\\nDevasego, $1.50; Fowler House* $1,50; Stanley Hall; The Graham,\\nspecial rates.\\nRhinebeck, Dutchess Co. Pop. 1,654. Hotel: Rhineheck\\nHotel, $2.\\nRhinecliff, Dutchess Co. Pop. 608. Hotel: Rhinecliff,* $2.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HOTELS. 231\\nRockland Lake, Rockland Co. Pop. 470. Hotels: Grand\\nRockland lloid,^ $2.50 to $4; Overlook Mountain House, $2.50.\\nRondout, Mansion House, $2 to $2.50.\\nRoxbury, Delaware Co. Pop. 744. Hotels: Delaware Valley,\\n$2; Lauren Villa,^ $2; Falls House, special rates.\\nSaratoga Springs, Saratoga Co. Pop. 11,975. United States\\nHotel, $5.\\nSaugerties, Ulster Co. Pop. 4,237. Hotels: Palmer, $2;\\nPhmnix Hotel, $2; Mt. Airy House,^ $2; Majjle Grom.^\\nShandaken, Ulster Co. Pop. 169. Hotels: Palace* $3; The\\nClarendon, $1.50; Whitney House, $2.\\nShokan, Ulster Co. Hotels: Hamilton House, $2; High\\nPoint,* $l.m; Cool Breeze House, $2.\\nSing Sing, Westchester Co. Pop. 9,352. Hotels: Ainerican,\\n$2.50; Hotel Keenan, $2; Phenix House, $2; Crosier, $2: Regney s\\nHotel, $1.50.\\nSlide Mountain, see Big Indian.\\nStaatsburg, Dutchess Co. Pop. 220. Hotel: iV\u00c2\u00abc^-^6, $1.50.\\nStamford, Delaware Co. Pop. 819. Hotels: ChurcJiill Hall,*\\n$3 to $4; Greycourt Ian,* $2.50; Simpson Terrace,* $2; The West-\\nholm; Grant House,^ $2; Helaware House, $2; Kendall Place,\\nspecial rates; Cold Spring,* $2.\\nStuyvesant Falls, Columbia Co. Pop. 930. Hotels: Siuy-\\nvesant Falls House, $2; Milner, $2; Hotel Star, $2.\\nSummit Mountain, Ulster Co. Hotel: JSew Grand Hotel,\\n$4 to $4.50.\\nTannersville, Greene Co. Pop. 271. Hotels: Blytlieuood,\\n|2.50; Pleasant View,* special rates; Fabian House,* $2.50;\\nCampbell House,* $2.50; Cascade House, $2; Mansion House,*\\n$2.50; Waverly House,* ^ec\\\\slY2iies; Belvedere, $2.50; Mountain\\nSummit House, $2 to $3; American, $1.50 to $2.\\nTarry town, Westchester Co. Pop. 3,562. Hotels: Florence\\nHouse, $2; Germania House, special rates; Park House, $2.\\nTroy, Rensselaer Co. Pop. 60,956. Hotels: Troy House, $3;\\nFifth Avenue, $2.50 to $3; Mansion House, $2 to $2.50; Revere\\nHouse, $1.50 to $2.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "232 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HOTELS.\\nWest Point, Orange Co. Pop. 1,164. West Point Hotel,\\n$3.50; Cranston s* $4 to $5.\\nWindham, Greene Co. Pop. G90. Hotels: Oshorn House,\\n$1.50; Munson House,* $2; Soper Place House,* $1.50; Central\\nHouse, $2; Windham House, $1.50; Coes Hotel, $2.\\nWoodstock, Ulster Co. Pop. 267. Hotels: Woodstock, $2;\\nMountain Home, $2; Overlook ^fountain House, $3 to $3.50.\\nYonkers, Westchester Co. Pop. 32,038. Hotels: Getty House,\\n$2.50 to $3; Barden s Hotel, special rates; Yonkers Hotel, $2;\\nHotel Wynnstay, special rates.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "INDEX\\nA.\\nPAGE.\\nAbbey, Henry 154\\nAbbottsford 48\\nAlbany 200-226\\nHistorical Sketch of.. 200-203\\nRailway Stations 200\\nState Capitol 205-213\\nLibrary 211\\nMuseum of Natural History 214\\nAlpine Gorge 46\\nAndre s Capture and Execution 66\\nMonument to 56\\nAnthony s Nose 16,79,80, 125\\nAqueducts, Croton, New and Old 47, 48\\nArkville 172\\nArnold s Treason, Story of 65-68\\nAstor s Point 178\\nAthens 196\\nAudubon Park 30\\nAu Sable Chasm 225\\nAustin s Glen 185\\nB.\\nBall Mountain 60\\nBallston Spa 220\\nBalmville 119\\nBarkley Heights 180\\nBarr, Amelia E., Home at Cornwall 114\\nBarren Island 198\\nBarrytown (Lower Red Hook) 178\\nBeacon Hills 106,124,126\\nBear Mount 79,82\\nBeecher, Henry Ward, at Peekskill 74\\nBelle Ayr ..._ 172\\nBergen Hill and Neck 26, 28, 33, 34\\nBerkshire Hills 47, 196,219\\nBeverlyDock 86\\nBig Indian 168, 169\\n(283)", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "234 INDEX.\\nPAGE.\\nBishop s Falls 159\\nBlack Creek 140\\nBlack Dome 165\\nBlackhead 165, 198\\nBlack Rock 79,111\\nBloomville 157, 176\\nBoiceville 158, 162\\nBreakneck Mountain (The Turk s Face). 85, 111, 124\\nBroadway along the Hudson 43\\nBull Hill (Mt. Taurus) 85,106,108\\nBull s Ferry 34\\nBurgoyne, General 81, 85\\nBurr, Aaron 27\\nBurroughs, John 130, 139\\nc\\nCairo 185, 186\\nCaldwell 223\\nCanoeing on the Upper Hudson 217\\nCastle Phillipse 40,56\\nCastleton 199\\nCatBkiil 184\\nCreek. 184,186,198\\nDriving and Walking Routes 185\\nMountain House 187\\nCatskills, The\\nFirst view of 138\\nGateway of 158\\nRailway Fare in 164\\nRoutes to 156\\nWashington Irving and the 155\\nCatskill Station 184\\nChain Point.... 81\\nChurch, F. E., County Seat of 193\\nClaremont Heights 29\\nClaverack 196\\nClinton, Sir Henry 69,81\\nCloster 46,60\\nCium Hill 165,190\\nCoeyman s 199\\nCohoes .200,220\\nCold Spring 107\\nColumbiaville 197\\nConstitution Island 95, 106\\nContinental Village 73\\nCooper s TJie Spy _ 42\\nCooperstown 176,219\\nCooper, Susan Fenimore 18", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 235\\nPAGE.\\nCornwall 112-115,124\\nCountry Seats See Maps.\\nCoxsackie 197\\nCranston s 85, 86\\nCro Nest 85, 106,108, 124\\nCrotonBay 64\\nPoint 46,61,63\\nRiver 48\\nStation 64\\nCrown Point 224\\nCruger s 64\\nIsland 178\\nCrum Elbow 138\\nD.\\nDanskammer 128\\nDeeper Hook 185\\nDeep Notch 168,171\\nDelaware and Hudson Canal 22, 143\\nDenning s Point 126\\nDepew, Chauncy M., and Peekskill 74\\nDevasago Falls 1 4\\nDiedrich Hook 60\\nDinsmore s Point.. 141\\nDobb s Ferry... 30,44-46\\nDrake, Joseph Rodman 109\\nDunderberg, The 73,78,82\\nDurham 186\\nDutchess Jimction 125, 127\\nDutch Traders 16\\nE.\\nEagle Valley 109\\nEast Albany 200,220\\nEast Camp 183\\nEdgewater 32\\nEldorado 27,28\\nElizabethtown 224\\nElkaPark 167\\nEllison House, The 121\\nElysian Fields 26\\nEnglewood 34,35,60\\nErie Canal 22,203\\nEsopus ..140,141,152\\nCreek 141,158,159,179\\nValley, Ernest Ingersoll on, in Harper s 1 59, 161\\nWars 148", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "236\\nINDEX.\\nPAGE.\\n185\\n119,125\\n-.28,33\\n197\\n135\\n157\\n143\\n108\\n181\\n28\\nFerries: F.\\nCatskill Station to Catskiil\\nFishkill to Newburgh\\nFort Lee to New York\\nGarrison^s to West Point\\nHudson to Athens ,\u00e2\u0080\u009eI\\nPeekskill to Jones Point.\\nPoughkeepsie to Highland.\\nRhinebeckto Rondout\\nRhinecUff to Kingston.. __ _\\nStorm King Station to Cornwall\\nTarrytown to Nyack\\nTivolito Saugerties\\nWeehawken to New York\\nFishkill\\nT^ 125-127,151\\nMountains...\\nFleischmann s 126,139\\nFoote, Mary Hallock J^o\\nForrest s (Edwin) Font Hill Z,\\nFort Ann\\nClinton..\\nConstitution T J^\\nEdward -f fj\\nGeorge\\nIndependence ci\\nLafayette J\\nLee\\nMontgomery\\nOrange\\nPutnam\\nTiconderoga\\nTryon\\nrO, 80-85\\n201\\n223\\nWashington J\\nFour-Mile Point....\\nFulton s (Robert) First Steamboat 179\\nGarrison s\\nGermantown.\\nGlasco\\nG.\\nGlenerie\\nGlen s Falls\\nGlenwood\\nGomez Explores the Hudson\\nGould, George, Summer Residence of.\\nJay, Country Seat of\\nGrand Hotel\\nGrant s Tomb\\n87\\n183\\n179\\n179\\n218\\n39\\n16\\n172\\n51\\n171\\n29", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 237\\nPAGB.\\nGrassy Point 68\\nGreat Chip Rock Reach 46\\nGreenbush 200,220\\nGreen Mountains 196, 233\\nGreystone, Samuel J. Tilden s Home 43\\nGuttenberg 28\\nH.\\nHaanakrois Creek 198\\nHadley 223\\nHaines Corners 167, 190\\nFalls 167,188,189\\nHalf Moon, The 17, 18, 194\\nHamilton, Alexander 27\\nHamptonPoint. 128\\nHarlem Ship Canal 30\\nHastings 43\\nHaverstraw 64\\nHaverstraw Bay.. 64, 65\\nHighBridge-. 48\\nHighland 135,137\\nHighland Falls 86\\nHighland Forts, Fall of the.... 81\\nHighlands, The 76,77,85\\nHighland Village 137\\nHigh Peak 14-2, 162, 165\\nHigh Point Mountain 158,159\\nHigh Tor 65\\nHobart 157,176\\nHoboken 26\\nHook Mountain, (Point-No-Point) 47,60\\nHorse Race, The 79,217\\nHotel Champlain... 225\\nKaaterskiU 164, 167, 188\\nHudson, (City of) 17,21,194\\nHudson-Delaware Divide 157\\nHudson, Henry 16-18, 194\\nHudson River:\\nAfter the Revolution 21,22\\nBreaking up of 14\\nBroadest Part 64\\nChannel 13\\nDiscovery of 16\\nDumping into. 13\\nDuring the Revolution 19, 21\\nFirst Steamboats 21,203\\nJohn Burroughs on 11, 14, 130\\nLife on 142", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "238 INDEX.\\nHudson River\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued page.\\nLocal Historians of 44, 81, 83, 94, 118, 121, 150, 152, 169, 185\\nMost Beautiful Part 139\\nNames 16, 18, 19, 201\\nNavigability of 12\\nNew York City Shore 25\\nProfessor Newberry s Theory about 12\\nSources 6f 11, 217, 224\\nWashington Irving on 22\\nWinter Navigation of 13\\nHunter 164\\nMountain 164, 165,189\\nHuntersfield Mountain 174\\nHussey s Mountain 141 142\\nHyde Park 138\\nI.\\nIce and Ice Harvest 13, 129-132\\nBoating 135\\nIdlewild, Home of N. P. Willis 120\\nIndian Head 46\\nInwood 30\\nlona Island 79\\nIrvington 49\\nIrving, Washington 37,49-55,78\\nJ.\\nJeffrey s Hook 30,31\\nJersey City 25,72\\nJessup s Landing 218\\nJones Point, (Caldwell Landing).. 75, 77\\nK.\\nKaalRock 132\\nKaaterskill Clove- 162,167, 190, 191\\nFalls 188, 189, 192\\nHigh Peak.. 189\\nStation 164\\nKeen Valley 224\\nKellogg, Clara Louise, Former Home of 107\\nKidd s Plug Cliff 109\\nPoint 77\\nKinderhook Creek 197\\nVillage 197\\nKing Estate and Mansion 27\\nKing s Bridge 30,31, 37\\nFerry 68, 82\\nKingland s Point 54, 58", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 239\\nKingston page.\\nCement 143-145\\nHistorical Sketch of 147, 153\\nNe.v York s First Court and Legislature at 151\\nOld Houses 149\\nKosciusko, Thaddeus 95, 97\\nL.\\nLafayette s Headquarters .27, 121\\nLake Champlain 220, 224\\nGeorge 220, 223\\nKatrine 179\\nPlacid 225\\nLansingburgh 200\\nLaurel House Station 167, 190\\nLebanon Springs. 219\\nLeeds.. 185, 187\\nLeonia 59\\nLinlitligo 184\\nLittle Tor 65\\nLivingston Family, Thie. 182\\nManor-House at Tarrytown _ 45\\nClermont 153,181-183\\nLost Clove, The 169\\nLow Point (Carthage Landing) 124, 128\\nLudlow 39\\nM.\\nMaiden. 181\\nMauhattanville 29\\nManhattes, The 18, 38\\nManito Mount 75, 79\\nMarlborough 128\\nMatteawan 125\\nMcEntee, Jarvis. 154\\nMechanicville 220\\nMillbrook 135\\nMilton.. 129\\nMonka Hill (Summit Mountain) 171\\nMontgomery Creek 80\\nHall 178\\nMontreal 220, 226\\nMontrose 64, 68\\nMoodna, The (Murderer s Creek) 112, 114, 115, 120\\nMorse. Prof. S. F. B., Home of 132\\nMorton, Levi P., Summer Home of 141\\nMountain House 141, 167, 186, 188", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "240 INDEX.\\nPAGE.\\nMount Cornell 146, 162\\nGarfield 163\\nHymettus 138\\nLincoln, (High Peak) 165\\nMarcy\\nMerino 193\\nPisgah 164, 173, 198\\nPleasant\\nRascal 79\\nSheridan. 163,\\nSt. Vincent\\nTyceteneyck 158, 159\\nUtsayantha 174, 175\\nN.\\nNed Bimtline s Eagle s Nest 175\\nNepperhan, The 40, 42\\nNeutral Ground, The 43\\nNew Baltimore 198\\nNewburgh 116-125\\nDriving Routes 119\\nHistorical Sketch of 117\\nTower of Victory 123, 124\\nWashington s Headquarters 121\\nNewburgh Bay 112, 116\\nNew Hamburgh 124. 128\\nNew Paltz Landing 137\\nNew Windsor.. 69, 115, 120, 124\\nNew York City, Limits of 38\\nNorth Bay 178, 179\\nBeacon 127\\nCreek.. 223\\nMountain 165, 188\\nRiver 19, 26\\nNuttenHook 197\\nNyack... 59\\no.\\nOlive 158\\nOneonta 176\\nOnteoraPark 165, 166\\nOscawanna Island 68\\nOtis Elevator, The ...167, 168. 186, 187\\nOverlook Mountain 141, 157\\nP.\\nPalatinate Settlements, The 117,128, 183\\nPalisades, The 35, 46\\nPalenville 185, 190", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 241\\nPAGE.\\nanther Mountain 163\\natroous, The 201\\naulding, James K 140\\neakamoose 162\\neekskill 73-76\\nDrum Hill 75\\nPaulding s Tomb. 74\\nState Camp of the National Guard 75\\neekskill Bay 75\\nelham Wharf 140\\nhillipse Family, The 40-42\\nhcenicia 162, 168\\niermont 46, 47\\nine Hill 171\\nlaaterkill Clove 180\\nMountain Road 190\\nleasant Valley 32, 224\\nlum Point.. :15, 120\\nocantico Creek 54\\nollopeFs Island 112, 124\\nortEwen 142\\nKent 225\\nonhockie 152\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2qughkeepsie 133-137\\nCantilever Bridge 132\\nHudson River State Hospital 137\\nVassar College 133\\nutnam, Gen. Israel 73, 31-83\\nR.\\nlailway Fare in the Catskills 164\\nRailways:\\nAdirondack 223\\nBoston Albany 199, 200, 219\\nCatskill Mountain 168, 185, 186\\nChateaugay 226\\nCooperstown Charlotte 157, 176\\nDelaware Hudson 200,203,219,220\\nOtsego 176\\nErie.. 23, 118\\nKaaterskill 164\\nNewburgh, Dutchess Connecticut 125\\nNew York Northern 24\\nCentral Hudson River 23,27,37,200,219\\nOntario Western 24\\nOtis Elevator 168, 186, 187\\nPhiladelphia New England 143\\nReading New England 177\\n19", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "242 INDEX.\\nRailways\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Continued. page.\\nStony Clove Catskill Mountain 162, 164, 168\\nUlster Delaware 142, 162, 163,167,168\\nWest Shore 23,28,69,199,200\\nRed Hook 178\\nRedoubt Mountain 87\\nRefugees, The 34,35\\nRensselaerwyck 119, 202\\nRhinebeck 138,177\\nRhinecliff 177\\nRichards, T. Addison 44\\nRidgefield 59, 60\\nRip Van Winkle 190,191\\nRiverdale 38\\nRiverside Park and Drive 28\\nRoa Hook 75\\nRockland and Rockland Lake 63\\nRockwood, Home of William Rockefeller 58\\nRoger^s Island 186, 193\\nRoe, E. P., Cornwall, Home of 113\\nRoelof Jansen s Kill 182, 183\\nRondout 142, 143, 146\\nCreek 141, 158, 163\\nRoseton 1-8\\nRoundtop 162, 165, 167, 190\\nRouse s Point 226\\nRoxbury 174\\ns. -1\\nSaranac Lake 226\\nSaratoga 220,223\\nSaugerties 179-181\\nScarborough 58\\nSchodack 199\\nSchoharie, The 164,173, 190\\nSchroon Lake. 224\\nSchuyler Mansion, The 216\\nShad-Fishing. ...15,38,64\\nShadyside 32\\nShandaken 168\\nSharon Springs 219\\nShaupeneak 141\\nShawangunk Range 129, 146\\nShokan 158,159\\nSing Sing 60-63\\nStatePrison 62\\nSinnipink, (The Hessians Lake) 79, 83\\nSkinners and Cow Boys 42\\nSleepy Hollow 53-56", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 243\\nPAGE.\\nSlide Mountain 162, 169, 170\\nSneden s Landing, (Paramus) 45, 46\\nSpitzenberg, The 73\\nSpruce Mountain Rift 217\\nSpuyten Duyvil 37\\nStaatsburgh 141\\nStage Lines:\\nArkville to Downsville 173\\nBig Indian to Claryville 170\\nCairo to Windliam 186\\nCatskill to Tannersville, (via Palenville and The Clove) 186\\nGrand Gorge Station to Prattsville 173\\nHunter to Windham 164\\nNorth Creek to Adironack Lakes 228\\nParadox Lake to Schroon Lake 224\\nRaven Pass to Keene Valley 224\\nShandaken to Lexington 168\\nStamford to Richmondville 176\\nWest Point to Highland Falls. 86\\nWestport to the Adirondacks. 224\\nStamford 174\\nState Capitol.... 205-213\\nState Deer Park 169\\nSteamboat Lines:\\nAlbany 23, 200\\nCatskiU 23, 185\\nHaverstraw and Newburgh 75\\nKingston 23, 139, 143\\nNewburgh 23\\nPeekskill 75\\nPleasant Valley. 33\\nPoughkeepsie 135\\nSaugerties 181\\nSing Sing 62\\nTroy _. 23\\nStevens Point 26\\nStony Clove 163\\nStony Point, Battle of 68-72\\nStorm King (Butter Hill) 106,108,111,124\\nStuy vesant 197\\nSugar Loaf .85, 86, 162, 165\\nSunnyside, Home of Washington Irving 49, 50\\nT.\\nTable Mountain 162\\nTannersville 165\\nTappan ...47, 60, 67\\nReach 60\\n10", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "244 INDEX.\\nPAGE.\\nTappanSea 46, 51, 53,58\\nTarrytown .53-57\\nTeller s Point 63\\nTemple Hill 121\\nThurman 217\\nTippet s Hill (Constable s Point) 30, 31, 38\\nTivoli 178\\nTomkinsCo/e 73\\nTreason Hflk 65\\nTrinity Cemepiy 29\\nTroy \\\\J 11,21,220\\nTubby Hook 30\\nTwilight Park 167, 188\\nu.\\nUndercliffe, Home of Col. George P. Morris 108\\nUnion Hill 26,28\\nV.\\nVan Buren, Martin 197\\nVan Cortlandt Manor 63\\nVanderberg Cove 141\\nVanderLyn, John 153,154\\nVan Rensselaer, Patroon 202, 216\\nVaughan s Expedition 152\\nVaux, Calvert 113\\nVerdrietig Hook 60\\nVerplank s Point 68,69,82\\nVerrazano Enters the Hudson 16\\nViews Mentioned In the Guide:\\nCatskills, of 138, 141, 183, 198\\nCrescent Reach, from 85\\nCroton, from 64\\nHaverstraw Bay, of 65\\nHighlands, of 76\\nfrom Montrose 64\\nHuntersfield Mountain, from 174\\nHurricane 224\\nKuyckuyet, from the 146\\nMount Pisgah, from 164\\nUtsayantha, from 174\\nOverlook House Observatory, from 157\\nSing Sing, from 61\\nfelide Mountain, from 170\\nSouth Beacon, 127\\nGilboa, 174\\nTower Hill, from 47\\nof Victory, from 123\\nVly Mountain 173", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "INDEX. 245\\nW. PAGE.\\nappinger s Creek and Falls 128, 136\\narner, Susan B 101, 107\\nashington, George 41 67, 96\\nashington Heights 30,33\\nashington s Headquarters... 30, 34, 4 3, 60, 72, 115, 121\\naterford 220\\natervliet 220\\nayue. Gen. Anthony 34, 70, 119\\neehawken 26\\nWeek in New York, A, by Ernest Ingersoll 28\\nest Camp 1 3\\nDavenport 176\\nHaverstraw 65\\nHoboken 26\\nHurley 157\\nNyack 60\\nest Park 139\\nEST Point 88-105\\nBattle Monument 98\\nCamptown 100\\nCorps of Cadets 102\\nHistorical Sketch of 95-97\\nParade, The... 93\\nUnited States Military Academy 89-94\\nest Point Foundry 107\\nestport _ 224\\nest Troy 220\\nildcat Creek... 184\\nillis, N. P 17, 77, 120\\nindham. .164, 173,186\\nHigh Peak 198\\nittemberg Mountain 146, 162\\noodland Valley 163\\nY.\\n)NKERS 39-43\\nManor Hall 40\\nRevolutionary History _ 42\\nSt. John^s Church 40,42\\n19", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "ADVERTISEMENTS.\\nBroadway Central Hotel, New York City, Page vii\\nCatskill New York Steamboat Co., xiv\\nCentral Hudson Steamboat Co. The, xiii\\nCitizen Steamboat Co., vi\\nDelaware Hudson 11. R xi\\nGreen s Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa iii\\nHotel Earlington, New York City, 10\\nHotel Empire, New York City, Opposite page 9\\nHudson River Day Line Back Cover\\nNew York Central Hudson River Raih oad. Page i\\nPeople s Line,\\nSeaboard Air Line,\\nSt. James Hotel, Richfield Springs, N. Y..\\nTen Eyck, The, Albany, N. Y.,\\nThousand Island House, Alexandria Bay, N. Y.\\nUnited States Hotel, Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Pages iv and v\\nWabash Railroad, The, Page vii i\\nWest Shore Railroad, x\\nIX\\nii\\n10\\n4\\nxii\\n(246)", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "p\\nTEAVEL ]SrOTES.\\nTHE CLYDE LINE.\\nNo steamers sailing out of New York are more deservedly popular\\nhau those of the Clyde Liue to Charleston and Jacksonville, Florida.\\n)ne of these admirable steamships may be taken three days a week, at\\nI p. M., from pier 45 N. R., adjoining Christopher Street Ferry, New\\nfork, and Charleston is reached about noon of the second day, and\\nl^acksonville some tw^elve to sixteen hours later, giving several hours\\nor rambling about Charleston, while the steamer is disposing of its\\nbusiness at that alwa3^s interesting port.\\nThe oceanic fleet of the Clyde Line now consists of half a dozen\\n(teamships, built of steel after the most approved methods, and officered,\\nnanned, and equipped in the most effective and comfortable manner,\\nfhe three largest of these steamers, the Iroquois, Comanche, and Algcn-\\n^iiin, measure about 4,000 tons each, and are new in construction\\nind equipped and furnished in the most modern manner. The other\\n;wo, Seminole and Carib, are a little smaller, but otherwise just as\\n^ood and comfortable, and the large number of habitual travelers upon\\n|his line confess that there is little choice among the whole fleet. Each\\n(teamer, besides all the known improvements in machinery, life-pro-\\njecting appliances, etc., is luxuriously furnished, provided with electric\\njights, bells, fans, etc and has most of its staterooms opening upon the\\nupper deck, while all are well ventilated. The fare served on this line\\nDas long had a high reputation for abundance and excellent cooking\\n3one better is served in any ocean service due not only to good\\nStewardship, but the variety of marketing afforded by the weekly\\ndsits of each boat to both southern and northern points of supply.\\nWhile the Clyde Line lays especial stress upon the carriage of travel-\\ners to and from the southern winter resorts (and it must not be for-\\ngotten that the line of splendid St. Johns River boats, between Jack-\\nsonville and Palatka, is managed by this company), it also has a large\\nAmount of general passenger business, as it sells tickets and checks\\nbaggage between New York and all interior points in the South and\\nSouthwest, by way either of Charleston or of Jacksonville. There are a\\nlarge number of travelers who much prefer to make a part of their\\njourney by water, and to these the Clyde Line offers a delightful sea\\nvoyage, rates cheaper than the railroad charges overland, and greater\\nrest and comfort on the way.\\n(247)", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "248 TRAVEL NOTES.\\nGREEN S HOTEL, PHILADELPHIA.\\nNo hotel in Philadelphia is more widely or better known among bu;\\nness men and good livers generally, than Green s. It has outlived m(\\nof the competitors of its early days, and has survived them by Intel\\ngently keeping abreast of the demand of the times. It has stood\\nlong in the now enlarged and commodious building at the corner\\nChestnut and Eighth streets, that the locality hardly needs mention,\\nis an advantageous situation, being just midway between the wholes:\\ncommercial districts, nearer the river, and the retail shopping strec\\nsomewhat above that point. It is convenient also to the postoffi(\\nIndependence Hall, and several other historical points, many of 11\\nprincipal theaters, and to all the railway stations and points of dep:\\nture for the seaside.\\nThis hotel now contains no less than 250 rooms, offering homelil\\nquarters to ladies and families as well as to business men travelii\\nalone. It is fully supplied with elevators, fire-escapes, electric ligb\\nand bells, baths, and all other requirements of a modern hostelr\\nThe management is entirely in accordance with the European pla\\nrooms renting at $1 and $1.50 a day, and meals offered in wli\\nthe proprietor asserts to be the finest restaurant in Philadelphi;i\\nThis restaurant is one of the institutions of the Quaker City, loi:\\nrenowned, especially for its methods of serving oysters and game,\\nis of large size, handsomely adorned, able to give a simple, well-cookd\\nlunch, or serve an elaborate dinner, and gives, by its host of well-trainc\\ncolored waiters, an air of the old-time hospitality which has so Iol\\nattracted patrons who enjoy the best.\\nHOTEL EMPIRE, NEW YORK.\\nOne of the newest and greatest of the modern and imposing hote\\nthat have been erected in the upper part of the city of New York, i\\nlate, is the Hotel Empire. It occupies an admirable central positic\\non the Boulevard at 63d Street, near Central Park, and one accessible Ij\\na great number of lines of transportation. Stations of the Sixth at\\nNinth Avenue Elevated railways are only a couple of blocks awa;\\nand electric cars pass the door, reaching all parts of the great town. I\\nthe same time the hotel is sufficiently removed from the roar and du\\nof Broadway or the business avenues to insure that quiet and good a\\nwhich is so desirable in one s abiding place.", "height": "3096", "width": "2007", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "TRAVEL NOTES. 249\\nThis hotel is of great size, imposing appearance, and fire-proof con-\\nstruction. Its arrangements and conveniences include the most recent\\nimprovements in hotel structure and equipment, and the art of the\\ndecorator has been lavishly employed. In this manner safety, sanita-\\ntion, comfort, and beauty have combined to render the hotel so lux-\\nurious that to call it homelike would be to compare it only with the\\npalaces of the wealthiest. Guests are entertained at the Hotel Empire\\naccording to the American plan (which is preferred by the many fami-\\nlies which make it an almost permanent home), or upon the European\\njplan. For the accommodation of the latter class an elegant restaurant\\nIS maintained, which is regarded as among those of the highest class in\\nthe city in all respects. Nowhere can better cooking be found, or more\\n(Skillful service. The experience of many fastidious travelers sustains\\nthe truth of these assertions.\\n1 HOTEL EARLTNGTON, NEW YORK.\\nPractically a new house is the Hotel Earlington, in Twenty-seventh\\nstreet, near Broadway. Formerly known as the Gerlach, it was run as\\n,fi family hotel, but now that it is to be used for the transient trade as\\nWell, it has been thoroughly made over, wholly remodeled on the in-\\nside, and refurnished, all at an outlay of nearly $200,000. The building\\nitself cost $1,000,000. Even the proprietorship has been changed, and\\njn future it will be managed by E. M. Earle Son, who for thirty\\nk ears were connected with Earle s Hotel, and who now manage the Hotel\\nJEarliugton and the St. James, at Richfield Springs. N. Y.\\nAmong the innovations made in the West Twenty-seventh Street house\\ny the Earles is a system of telephones and call bells connecting every\\npartment with the office. Over three thousand electric lamps light the\\nhotel, supplied by its own private plant. Steam heat is used, and the\\njelevators are large, and run all. night from floor to roof. The house is\\njten stories high and overtops the surrounding buildings so far as to\\nJafEord excellent light on all sides and fine ventilation. There are no\\ninside or dark rooms. The building is guaranteed to be fireproof, and\\n|is constructed of iron, granite, and brick, with filled floors. Only the\\njwalls and floors were retained in the reconstruction. An orchestra in\\nhe dining room will be a permanent feature. The house contains two\\nimdred and fifty guest chambers, which are so arranged that they can\\ne let singly or in suites of two, three, four, or up to seven rooms each.\\njEvery single room has a private bath attached, also stationary wash-", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "250 TKAVEL NOTES.\\nStands, with hot and cold water. AVhile the transient trade will 1\\ncatered to, yet the family trade will be treated with the greatest care.\\nThe situation of the Earlington is considered excellent for a moder\\nhotel of the first rank. It is within easy reach of the best shoppin\\ndistrict and the theaters. The Broadway cable cars pass it close to tli\\neast, the Sixth Avenue electric cars lie just to the west, and the Twent\\\\\\neighth Street station of the elevated railroad is only one block away. B\\nthese lines and the use of transfer tickets, the hotel is quickly an\\neconomically reached from all railway stations, ferry slips, and steamc\\npiers.\\nUNITED STATES HOTEL, SARATOGA, N. Y.\\nThe United States Hotel at Saratoga Springs is so far-famed and S(\\nthoroughly popular that it hardly seems possible to say anything new\\nregarding it. It is one of the institutions of America. Within its wall:-\\ngather each year thousands of the representatives of the world of fashion,\\nwealth, and refinement. It is in itself a great social capital, and is on\\nscale so grand that its very magnitude is impressive. Within a courl\\nformed by three sides of the hotel is one of the loveliest private garden;-\\nin America, filled with beautiful fountains, the rarest of shrubs, and no\\nmore brilliant scene is to be found anywhere than is here presented\\neach evening, when the park and the surrounding piazzas are thronged\\nwith the gay concourse of guests. The finest music is rendered morn-\\ning, afternoon, and evening on the broad porches, and even a glimpse!\\nof the brilliant scenes for which the United States Hotel is famous wil\\nlong linger in the mind.\\nIts very immensity is a charm in itself, for there is in the great\\ncorridors, parlors, and dining rooms a sense of freedom from all restraint.\\nIt is like roaming about a great baronial palace, yourself a prince, with\\nvistas, through the hallways and from the windows on the one side, of\\nfairy-like gardens, with glistening fountains, and the air fragrant with\\nthe verdure, and on the other, the gay boulevards of the city of Sara-\\ntoga, alive with the handsome equipages and trappings of fashion and\\nwealth. The cuisine of the United States is to the uninitiated a marvel,\\nand to those accustomed to all the good things of life a joy and satis-\\nfaction.\\nThe markets of New York are drawn upon heavily each day for all\\nthe luxuries and delicacies of the season, and the fertile country about\\nSaratoga for vegetables and the dairy products for which the region is\\nfamous.", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "TRAVEL NOTES. 251\\nThis hotel is one of the most perfectly appointed and beautiful in\\ntie world, and the visitor who spends a day, a month, or a season\\n/ithin its hospitable portals will ever recur with pleasure to the\\nxperience.\\nTHE YARMOUTH LINE.\\nI Steamers of the Yarmouth Steamship Co. sail from Lewis Wharf,\\nJoston, for Yarmouth, N. S., at noon every Tuesday and Friday\\ni ^roughout the year. From July until October additional sailings are\\nnade from Boston at same hour on Monday and Thursday. Connec-\\nions are made next morning at Yarmouth by train and boat for all\\ni,\u00c2\u00bboints in the Maritime Provinces. The boats of the Yarmouth Steam-\\nhip Line go direct from Boston to Yarmouth, the nearest point in\\nNova Scotia. It is much the quickest and most convenient route. In\\njact, the people of this country owe a great debt of gratitude to the\\n^farmouth Steamship Line; for had it not been for this enterprising\\ncompany, the beauties of Nova Scotia would have been known to com-\\n)aratively few. For when it was necessary, in order to reach the laud\\nif Evangeline, to make a long, tedious, and expensive railroad tour\\nIhrough Maine and New Brunswick, it was far too inaccessible for the\\ninajority of people. But when, some few years ago, the Yarmouth\\nbom pany built the beautiful steel steamer Yarmouth, which made the\\nlistance from Boston to Yarmouth in fourteen or fifteen hours, they\\nbrought this delightful land within reach of all; and when the further\\nfact is taken into consideration that this trip, this ocean voyage to a\\nforeign land and back, can be made for the trifling sum of $9, there\\nii really no reason why every American should not be able to go\\nbroad every summer. So popular did this steamship line become after\\nIhe Yarmouth was placed in service, that two years ago another boat,\\nUi ger, still swifter, and handsomer, was added to the line the Boston.\\n[The Boston is a steel boat, built on the Clj^de, measuring some 255 feet,\\nof 1,700 tons burden, and having over 4,500 horse power. She is beau-\\nItifuUy furnished in saloon, in cabin, and stateroom. She has some\\n[eighty staterooms, and can accommodate 350 passengers. In fact, the\\n\\\\Boston and the Yarmouth are by far the two handsomest coasters that\\nleave Boston. Both are stanch, speedy, and strong, and admirably\\nofficered and manned.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "WABASH RAILROAD\\nThrough Sleeping Cars and i\\nFree Reclining Chair Cars\\nNEW YORK and BOSTON\\nTO\\nDETROIT. CHICAGO, and ST. LOUIS.\\nThe famous Continental Limited leaves New York, via West\\nShore K. R., daily, i.oop. m., leaves Boston, via FitchburgR. R.,\\ndaily, n.oo a. m., arrives Detroit 7.00 a. m., Chicago 2.40 p. m.,\\nSt. Louis 6.52 p. m., next day, and Kansas City the following\\nmorning 7.00 o clock.\\nPULLMAN SLEEPING CAR AND FREE RECLINING CHAIR CARJ\\nNEW YORK TO DETROIT AND CHICAGO.\\nLeave New York, via N. Y., O. W. R. R., daily, 6.00 p. m., arrive Detroit 2.1c\\np. m., Chicago 9.30 p. m.\\n36 HOURS, NEW YORK TO KANSAS CITY\\nLeave New York, via D., L. W. R. R., daily, 10.00 a. m arrive Detroit 2.30 a. m.,\\nChicago 10.55 a. m., St. Louis 2.00 p. m., Kansas City 9.30 p. m., next day.\\nFour Solid Vestibule Trains, daily. Palace Sleeping Cars,\\nFree Reclining Chair Cars, Dining Cars.\\nFROM BUFFALO, VIA NIAGARA FALLS.\\nLeave\\nArrive\\nBUFFALO\\nNIAGARA FALLS\\nSUSPENSION BRIDGE.\\nDETROIT\\nCHICAGO\\nST. LOUIS\\nHANNIBAL..\\nQUINCY\\nKEOKUK\\nKANSAS CITY\\nOMAHA\\n7 15A,M\\n8.08\\n8.25A,M\\n2 lORM\\n9.30P,M\\n7.15A,M\\n9.55\\n10. fO\\n11 05A,M\\n5.45P,M\\n2 OOP.M\\n2.53\\n3.15\\nlO.OOP.M\\n7.15A,M\\n30P,M\\n9.25P,M\\n2.30A.M\\n10.55A,M\\n2.00P.M\\n4 00\\n4.55\\n9.30P,M\\n12.]5A,M\\n1.08\\n1.15\\n7 00A.M\\n2.40P.M\\n6.52\\n9 10\\n10.00\\n11.30P,M\\n7.00A,M\\n8.35A,M\\nDirect connections made with eastern lines. Stop-off privilege at Niagara Falls.\\nRAMSEY, Jr.\\nVICE-PHES I\\nGEN- L MGR.\\nC. S. CRANE,\\nGEN- L PASS R TICKET AGT.\\nST. LOUIS, MO.\\nH. B. McCLELLAN,\\nGENERAL EASTERN AGENT,\\n387 Broadway. NEW YORK.\\nviii", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "TRAVEL IS THE ROYAL ROAD TO LEARNING.\\nDining\\nRooms\\non Main\\nDeck\\nPowerful\\nSearch-\\nLights\\non\\nEach\\nSteamer\\nPeoples line\\nNEW YORK TO ALBANY\\nsteamer ADIRONDACK,\\nCapt. S. J. Roe.\\nSteamer DEAN RICHMOND,\\nCapt. J. H. Manville.\\nLeave NEW YORK from Pier 32, North River, foot of Canal Street,\\nat 6.00 p. M., daily, Sundays excepted.\\nWe Ticket and Check Baggage to Albany, Troy, Saratoga,\\nBluff Point, and all points on Lake George and Lake Cham-\\nplain, and the Adirondack Regions. Also via N. Y. C. H.\\nR. R. R. for all connecting points West.\\nSatunlay Night Steamer f^fn^ifg\\nFOR SARATOGA AND NORTHERN POINTS\\nALBANY TO NEW YORK\\nLeave ALBANY at 8.00 P. M. (Sundays excepted), or on arrival of Evening\\nTrains from the North, West and East.\\nW. W. EVERETT,\\nPresident,\\nNew York.\\nJ. H. /\\\\LL/\\\\IRE,\\nGen l Ticket Agt.,\\nNew York.\\nE. C. EARLE,\\nGen l Freight Agt.\\nNew York.\\nIM. B. WATERS, GenM Pass r Agrent, Albany, N. Y.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "Rand McNally Co. S\\nSERIES OF\\nThis new series of American Guide Books gives, in volumes of handy\\nsizCj the information generally desired by travelers seeking pleasure, health, or\\nbusmess. The books are uniform in size and general arrangement. Places or\\nobjects of particular importance or interest are noted in black-faced type, and\\nthose of less importance in italics. Care has been taken to present everything\\nin the most candid and helpful light, saying little or nothing about that which\\nis deemed worth little attention. Numerous illustrations from photographs,\\nand colored maps supplement the text.\\nPRICE OF EACH GUIDE.\\nIn Paper Bindings, 25 Cents.\\nIn Flexible Cloth Binding^, Rounded Corners, 50 Cents,\\nThe following are now ready and will be revised annually:\\nNEW YORK CITY, including Brooklyn, Staten Island, and other suburbs.\\n2IO pages; 44 illustrations. Maps of New York City, 28x17; Central Park,\\nlox 28, and New York and New Jersey Suburbs, 28 x 26.\\nBOSTON AND ENVIRONS. 154 pages 24 illustrations. Maps of Boston,\\n28x21; Environs of Boston, 11x1314, and Business Portion of Boston, gV^xg.\\nPHILADELPHIA AND ENVIRONS, including Atlantic City and Cape\\nMay. 126 pages; 32 illustrations. Maps of Philadelphia, 28x22, and One\\nHundred Miles Around Philadelphia, 28 x 21.\\nVl^ASHINGTON AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 191 pages;\\n40 illustrations. Map of Washington, 21 x 28.\\nCHICAGO. 215 pages 46 illustrations. Map of Chicago, 31 x 33.\\nHUDSON RIVER AND CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. 249 pages; 18 illus-\\ntrations. Five large scale sectional maps showing both sides of the river\\nfrom New York to Troy.\\nSOUTHEASTERN STATES. Includes Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas,\\nand the Gulf Coast; 246 pages; illustrations. Map of Southeastern States,\\n24.x 28.\\nNEW ENGLAND STATES. 260 pages; nnmerous illustrations. Maps of\\nMaine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Con-\\nnecticut, printed in colors, each n x 14 in size.\\nCOUNTRY AROUND NEW YORK. 180 pages. Describing resorts and\\nroutes in Westchester County on Staten Island and Long Island, and in\\nNortheastern and Seaside New Jersey. Forty half-tone illustrations. Twelve\\nroute maps in black and white and map of region around New York, north to\\nHastings-on-the-Hudson; east to Garden City, Long Island; south to South\\nAmboy, N. J.; west to Lake Hopatcong.\\nOur publications are for sale by booksellers and newsdealers generally, or\\nwill be sent postpaid to any address on receipt of price.\\nRAND, McNALLY CO., Publishers,\\n142 Fifth Ave., N. W. Cor. 19th St., NEW YORK.\\n166-168 Adams Street, CHICAGO, ILL.", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "The Picturesque and ONLY All-Rail Route running Through\\nDrawing-Room Cars between\\nNew York, Philadelphia and Bloom ville.\\nAND BETWEEN\\nWashington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Long Branch,\\nNew York, and Kingston, to Saratoga\\nand Lake George,\\nDURING THE SUMMER SEASON\\nTHE FAVORITE ROUTE OF BUSINESS AND PLEASURE TRAVEL BETWEEN\\nEAST, WEST, NORTHWEST, AND SOUTHWEST.\\nTHE FAST EXPRESS TRAINS over this line have elegant Palace and\\nSleeping Cars between New York, Boston, Kingston, Albany,\\nUtica, Syracuse, Rochester, Buffalo, and Niagara Falls, to Hamil-\\nton, Toronto, Detroit, Cleveland, Chicago, and St. Louis, without\\nchange.\\nFor tickets, time tables, and full information apply to any Ticket Agent,\\nWEST SHORE RAILROAD, or address\\nC. E. LAMBERT, General Passenger Agent,\\nRoom 440 Grand Central Station. New Voik.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "uelaware\\nTHE SHORTEST, QUICKEST a:^ BEST LINE\\nBETWEEN\\nNEW YORK ^i MONTREAL\\nThe Best Line to the Principal Resorts in the\\nAdirondack Mountains.\\nTHE ROUTE VIA\\nMONTREftL, LftKE, GilflMPLftlN, LAKE GEORGE, SflRflTOGft\\nftND TilE HUDSON RIVER,\\nIs the greatest highway of summer pleasure travel in America.\\nSend four cents postage, for fine descriptive guide, to\\nJ. W. BURDICK,\\nGENERAL PASSENGER AGENT,\\nALBANY, N. Y.", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "CEHIRU-HUDSOII SIEIMBOIT COMPINI\\nOne of our elegant Iron Screw Steamer\\n(fastest propellers on the Hudson River) wil\\nleave New York from Pier 24, N. R., fool\\nFranklin Street, daily (except Sunday), at 5 p\\nm. (Sundays at 9 a. m stopping at Cranstons.\\nWest Point, Cold Spring, Cornwall, Fishkili\\nLanding, and Newburgh. Returning, boat will leave Newburgh\\nat 7 p. m., daily, making above landings.\\nAn elegant Passenger Steamer will leave\\nNew York from foot of Franklin Street, daily\\n(except Saturday and Sunday), at 4 p. m. Satur-\\ndays I p. m., landing at Newburgh, New\\nHamburgh, Marlborough, Milton, Poughkeep-\\nsie, Highland, Esopus, and Rondout, connect-\\ning at Rondout with trains on Ulster Dela-\\nware Railroad to all points in the Catskills.\\nReturning, boat leaves Rondout at 5 p.m., daily (except Saturday),\\nmaking above landings.\\nOn or about June 25th, the new and fast\\nSteamer HOMER RAMSDELL will leave\\nNew York from foot Franklin Street, daily, at\\n10 a. m. (Sundays at g a. m.), landing at West\\n129th Street at 10.30 a. m. (Sundays at 9.30 a.\\nm.) for West Point, Cornwall, Fishkili Land-\\ning, and Newburgh. Connects at Cornwall\\nwith steamboat express for stations on N. Y.,\\nO. W. R. R. Returning, leaves Newburgh\\nat 7 p. m., daily, Cornwall 7.30 p. m., or on\\narrival of train on N. Y., O. W. R. R. This\\nboat also lands at Cold Spring, West Point, and Cranstons.\\nOn the up trip, Sundays, will also land at Cranstons and Cold\\nSpring.\\nTickets sold and baggage checked from New York to all stations\\non the N. Y., O. W. R. R.\\nTickets issued by above-named railroad are good on Central-Hud-\\nson boats between Cornwall and New York in either direction.\\nOn the up trip a delightful sail through the Highlands and pictur-\\nesque valley of the Hudson.\\nThe down trip affords the traveler a view of the Hudson by\\nmoonlight, landing in New York at 11 p. m.\\nFirst-class accommodations for passengers desiring staterooms or\\nberths in cabin.\\nTime-tables, rates of fare, and other information furnished by\\nagents, or on application to\\nEVERETT E. WILLIS,\\nGENERAL PASSENGER AGENT,\\nNEWBURGH, N. Y.\\nxiii\\nDaily line\\nBETWEEN\\nNew York\\nand Newburgh.\\nDaily Line\\nBETWEEN\\nNew York,\\nPoughkeepsie,\\nand Kingston.\\nMORNING BOAT FOR\\nWest Point,\\nCornwall,\\nNewburgh,\\nAND ALL STATIONS ON\\nNew York, Ontario\\nWestern Haitroad.", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "MARAH ELLIS RYAN S WORKS.\\nTHE BONDWOMAN.\\nThe new volume by Mrs. Ryan is a great and exceedingly pleasant surprise.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Pittsburg Leader.\\nOne of the vivid and striking books of the year.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Chicago Chronicle.\\nAn absorbing story.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 j5os/oh Globe.\\nA FLOWER OF FRANGE.\\nA Story of Old Louisiana.\\nThe story is well told.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Herald, New York.\\nA real romance\u00e2\u0080\u0094 just the kind of romance one delights v.i.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Time. Boston.\\nThe interest holds the readeruntil the closing page. /;;/er Ocean, Chicago.\\nTold with great fascination and brightness. The general impression\\ndelightful. Many thrilling scenes.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Herald, Chicago.\\nA PAGAN OF THE ALLEGHANIES.\\nA genuine art work. Chicago Tribime.\\nREV. DAVID SWING says: A Pagan of the Alleghanies is one of her\\nbest works; but all she writes is high and pure. Her words are all true to\\nnature, and, with her, nature is a great theme.\\nROBERT G. INGERSOLL says:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Your description of scenery and seasons\\nof the capture of the mountains by spring of tree and fern, of laurel,\\ncloud and mist, and the woods of the forest, are true, poetic, and beautiful.\\nTo say the least, the pagan saw and appreciated many of the difficulties and\\ncontradictions that grow out of and belong to creeds. He^saw how hard it is\\nto harmonize what we see and know with the idea that over all is infinite\\npower and goodness the divine spark called Genius is in your brain.\\nSQUAW ELOUISE.\\nVigorous, natural, entertaining.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sos^oji Times.\\nA notable performance.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 C/ucago Tribtine.\\nA very strong story, indeed.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Chicago Times.\\nTOLD IN THE HILLS.\\nA book that is more than clever. It is healthy, brave, and inspiring.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sf.\\nLouis Post-Dispatch.\\nThe character of Stuart is one of the finest which has been drawn by an\\nAmerican woman in many a day, and it is depicted with an appreciation\\nhardly to be expected even from a man.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Boston Herald.\\nm LOVE S DOMAINS.\\nThere are imagination and poetical expressions in the stories, and readers\\nwill find them interesting.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 iVeit? York Sun.\\nMERZE The Story of an Actress.\\nWe can not doubt that the author is one of the best living orators of her\\nsex. The book will possess a strong attraction for women.- C/i/cagro Herald.\\nFOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.\\nRAND, McNALLY CO., Publishers, Chicago and New York.", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "F^OUR RORUL-MR BOOKS\\nBY\\nOPIE READ\\n-,-7 7-177 7 The latest work bv this popular\\nJUaQe tlOriaqe writer. An entertaining, whole-\\nsome story, in Mr. Read s best\\nstyle.\\nIllustrated. Cloth, i2ino. $1.2^.\\nA Yankee from just issued.\\nzzz^i^=zi===^ The greatest success by this pop-\\nular author.\\nthe West\\nCloth bi)iding otily, i2J?io, $1.00.\\nAn A ryhnnorta story that is destined to be\\nATI JxT RjQjTISCLS numbered among the great novels\\nr=z=z:==3zz::=:zr of America.\\nPin Titer Oriental Library, paper bind-\\nCloth, 1 2 /no, $1.00.\\nThe Waters of one of the most interesting of his\\nSouthern romances. With a\\ntone that is only produced by an\\nauthor\\nsubject.\\nCCITIPIJ Fork author who Is familiar with his\\nOriental Library, paper binditig, ^5 cents.\\nCloth, 121110, $1.00.\\nBooks sent postpaid upon receipt of price.\\nRAND, McNALLY CO., PuBLisiiERb,\\nCHICAGO AND NEW YORK.", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "Qatskill Mountains\\nShortest, Cheapest, and Best Route\\nfrom New York\\nTo Hotel Kaaterskill, Catskill Mountain House, Laurel House, Kaater-\\nskill Falls, Haines Falls, Twilight Park, Santa Cruz Park, Sunset Park,\\nOnteora Park, Palenville, Tannersville, Prospect Park Hotel, Grant\\nHouse, Summit Hill House, Cairo, Durham, Windham, and all points of\\ninterest in the Mountain Region.\\nCATSKILL EVENING LINE STEAMERS\\nKAATERSKILL and ONTEORA\\nLeave New York from Pier 43, N. R., foot of Christopher Street,\\nevery week day at 6.00 p. m., Saturdays at 1.30 and 6.00 p. m. (1.30 boat\\nfrom June ^o to Sept. i, both inclusive) Leave Catskill daily, except Satur-\\nday, at 7.00 p. m., Sundays at 7.00 and 10.00 p. m. (the 10.00 o clock boat\\nfrom July 8 to Sept. 2, both inclusive). FARE, ONE DOLLAR.\\nSpecial trains connect at Catskill via Catskill Mountain Ry., Cairo\\nR. R., Otis Elevating Ry., and Catskill and Tannersville R. R.\\nTickets sold and baggage checked through. Bicycles carried free.\\nSpecial attention paid to the transportation of horses and carriages.\\nFolder containing list of hotels and boarding houses, with locations,\\nrates, and other information, sent free to any address.\\nG. M. SNYDER, PRESiDEMT. W. J. Hughes, Treasurer,\\nFoot of Christopher St., New York. Catskill, N. Y.\\nXIV", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "Hudson River by Dayligh\\nThe l lost Charming Inland Water Trip on the American Continent.\\nK^U^:::,.--^^^.\\n^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^^L\\nTHE PALACE IRON STEAMERS\\nNEW YORK AND ALBANY\\nOF THE\\nHUDSON RIVER DAY LINE,\\nLeave New York Daily, Except Sunday, from Desbrosses Street Pier, 8.40 a\u00c2\u00bb\\nTwenty-second Street Pier, N. R., 9.00 a. m. From Albany 8.30 a. m.\\nTHE FAVORITE ROUTE TO AND FROM THE\\nCATSKILL MOUNTAINS, SARATOGA AND THE ADIRONDACKS, HOTEL CHAMPLAIN ANl.\\nTHE NORTH, NIAGARA FALLS AND THE WEST, THE THOUSAND\\nISLANDS AND THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.\\nAppreciating the demand of the better class of tourists for comfort and hixnry. thtri\\nmanagement of the l ay Line have perfected tlieir service in every manner possible, keep\\ning it fully abreast of the times. The elegant steamers are as famous as is the majestic rivet\\non wlnch tliey run. Built of iron, of great speed and superb appointments, they Ure thi\\nfinest of tlieir class afloat. No freight of any description is carried, the steamers bein^\\ndesigned exclusivelv for the passenger service. IJicldy furnished private parlors, givln^i\\nalisoluti- seclusion and privacy to small parties or families, are provided, and handsomely\\nappointed (lining rooms, with superior service, are on the main deck, affording an uninter-\\nrupted view of the magnilicent scenery for which the Hudson is renowned.\\nATTRACTIVE DAILY EXCURSIONS TO\\nWEST POINT, NEWBURGH, AND POUGH KEEPSI E.\\nSend six cents for cojiy of Summer Excui-slon Book.\\nK. K ()I.C( |-r. (l. nentl Manager, F. B. HIBBAKD, General Passenger Agent.\\nDKsr.KOSSKS STREET^PIER. NEW YOllK.\\nRE ET^ PIER.\\n\u00c2\u00a7i8", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3085", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n014 114 349 9\\nlM f,\\nJjillilpi\\nI M\\nU\\\\\\nin I\\n1\\niM!\\nHji^ii\\njji!;!mi\\nminm\\nilii!!;H\\nr)o;!;\u00c2\u00bb(.!i\\ni-tiiiiSiji\\niillliiiiliiliJl! ill\\nmi\\niiii!!\\nliifei\\nn", "height": "3107", "width": "1962", "jp2-path": "rand09inge_0354.jp2"}}