{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "A HISTORY\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania\\nFROM ITS FOUNDATION TO\\nA. D. 1770\\nINCLUDING\\nBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES\\nOF THE\\nTRUSTEES, FACULTY, THE FIRST ALUMNI\\nAND OTHERS\\nThomas Harrison Montgomery\\nMEMBER OF THE\\nHistorical Society of Pennsylvania, New York Historical Society^\\nChester County Historical Society, Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania,\\nEtc. Etc. Etc.\\nI think, moreover, that Talents for the Education of Youth are the Gift of God and\\nthat He on Whom they are bestowed, whenever a Way is opened for the Use of Them,\\nis as strongly Called as if He heard a Voice from Heaven Nothing more surely\\nPointing out Duty in a Public Service than Ability and Opportunity of Performing it.\\nDr. Franklin to Dr. Johnson.^ 23 August, 1750.\\nPHILADELPHIA\\nGEORGE W. JACOBS CO\\n103-105 SOUTH 15TH STREET\\nA. D. 1900", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Library 0/ Congfti^\\nOffice f tha\\n\u00c2\u00abco\u00c2\u00ab \u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00ab.y. |||\u00c2\u00abvg,,900\\nReglittr of Cspyrlfhfi^\\n6;. 7i9\\nCopyright, 1900,\\nBy George W. Jacobs Co.\\nThe edition of this book is limited to y^o copies,\\nof which this is NoJ ^O", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "ERRATA.\\nPage 9,\\nline 6\\nLife of, by,\\nand not\\nLife of.\\n32\\n30\\nassociators\\nassociations\\n37\\n41\\nstudium\\nstudiam\\n53\\n9\\nFourth\\nTenth\\n81\\n33\\nPar ton\\nPaxton\\n118\\n29\\nLawrence\\nLaurence\\n126\\nI\\nRowning\\nBowning\\n23\\ndo\\nBonning\\n208\\n20\\nviri\\nvivi.\\n34\\nvisitor\\nwriter\\n393\\n38\\nI July 1690 0. s.\\nI July 1690 n.s", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nSome years ago the late Provost, Dr. Pepper, sought my\\ninterest in writing a History of the University of Pennsylvania\\nfrom its beginning to the present generation, and asked me to\\nundertake it. The honor of his urgency in the matter was so\\nflattering that I eventually agreed to respond to his call, and\\nsoon made preparations for the work, which was to be carried\\non within my own time and opportunities. The progress of\\nthis was a great pleasure to me, and its course proved both\\nentertaining and instructive as the material for its compilation\\nwas both rich and ample.\\nMy labors had to be carried on in the interval hours of a\\nbusy life, but in a year or two its claims seemed to press and\\nfinally, even after some weeks respite abroad, I found myself\\nunable to proceed beyond the year 1769, when health dictated\\nmy arresting the work there.\\nComplete as it is to this point I now submit it to the friends\\nof the University. These early years of its operations here set\\nforth in full illustrate its formative period, which is the most\\ninstructive in its life. The detail, it is hoped, truly portrays the\\nMen and Movements of the ante-Revolutionary period in the\\nProvince of Pennsylvania and as the Movements of that colonial\\nperiod, all in some degree, shed their light on the colony s great-\\nest educational undertaking so the Men concerned in it were\\nthe representatives of the contemporary thought, and moved\\nwith influence in those circles which shaped the destinies of the\\nProvince, as well also those of the Nation that was then approach-\\ning its adult years.\\nIf this picture of those times (for the University was neces-\\nsarily a part of them) will serve to enlighten and interest its\\nAlumni, and form any inspiration to its Matriculates, in the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "4 Preface.\\npersonal portrayals of the men who built the foundations upon\\nwhich the present great superstructure rests, the writer will be\\ngratified.\\nHaving been himself at one time a pupil in the old Academy-\\nbuilding, his interest has been enhanced in the course of the\\npresent work by the memory of his attendance on tuition in the\\nvenerable birthplace, now no more, of the great educational\\ninstitution whose continuing years have left a record of such\\ngreat interest, and which to-day holds out such enlarging prom-\\nises, the fruitage of the seed laid there in 1749 by the vol-\\nuntary society of founders, as the Trustees were termed by\\nthe first Provost.\\nTHOS. H. MONTGOMERY.\\nArdrossan,\\n2j February, igoo.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "SOME OF THE WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE FOLLOWING\\nPAGES.\\nAberdeen University. Mss. Abstracts and Minutes from Records.\\nAlden, Timothy. A Collection of American Epitaphs. New York,\\n1 8 14.\\nAllen, Ethan. Historical Notices of St. Anne s Parish, Annapolis\\nBaltimore, 1857.\\nAllibone, S. Austin. A Critical Dictionary of English Literature.\\nPhiladelphia, 1858.\\nAllison Penrose. Philadelphia, a History of Municipal Develop-\\nment. Philadelphia, 1887.\\nAmerican Magazine or Monthly Chronicle for the British Colonies.\\n1757-\\nArnold, Matthew. Address on Foreign Education, read in University\\nChapel, 1886.\\nAyres, Anne. Life and Work of William Augustus Muhlenberg,\\nD. D. New York, 1881.\\nBancroft, George. History of the United States. 13th ed. Boston, 1846.\\nBarton, Thomas. Sermon on Unanimity and Publick Spirit. I755-\\nBeardsley, E. Edwards. Life and Correspondence of Samuel Johnson,\\nD. D. 1874.\\nLife and Correspondence of Samuel Seabury, D. D. 1881.\\nBigelow, John. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin. New\\nYork and London, 1887.\\nBowring, John. Compendious System of Natural Philosophy. Lon-\\ndon, 1744.\\nBrown, John. Sermon, on publication of the Brief 6 March 1763.\\nBrown, David Paul. The Forum. Philadelphia, 1886.\\nBuchanan, Edward Y. Early History of Trinity Church, Oxford.\\nTwo Discourses. Philadelphia, 1885.\\nBurnaby, Andrew. Travels through the Middle Settlements in North\\nAmerica, in the Years 1759 1760. London, 1798.\\nBurd Papers, the. Extracts from Chief Justice William Allen s Letter\\nBook, by Lewis Burd Walker. 1897.\\nBurnet, Gilbert. History of my own Times, 1734.\\nCarson, Joseph. History of the Medical Department of the Univer-\\nsity of Pennsylvania. 1869.\\nCoates, Mary. Family Memorials, Philadelphia, 1885.\\nCollections of the Protestant Episcopal Historical Society. New York,\\n1851.\\nDelaware County Historical Society, Proceedings,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "6 Works Referred To.\\nDexter, Franklin B. Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale\\nCollege with Annals of the College History. 1885.\\nDuyckinck, Evart A. George L. Cyclopcedia of American Litera-\\nture. New York, 1856.\\nFisher, J. Francis. Sketch of James Logan. In Sparks Works of\\nBenjamin Franklin, 1840.\\nFisher, Sidney G. Church Colleges, their History, Position and\\nImportance. Philadelphia, 1895.\\nFord, Paul Leicester. Bibliography of Benjamin Franklin. Brook-\\nlyn, 1889.\\nForster, J. Montgomery. Memoir of Rev. Joseph Montgomery. 1879.\\nFranklin, Benjamin. Proposals relating to the Education of Youth in\\nPennsylvania. 1 749\\nCool Thoughts on the Present Situation of our Public Affairs.\\n1764.\\nNarrative of the late Massacres in Lancaster County of a\\nNumber of Indians, friends of the Province. 1764.\\nRemarks on a late protest against the appointment of Mr.\\nFranklin as Agent for the Province of Pennsylvania. 1764.\\nObservations relative to the intentions of the original founders\\nof the Academy in Philadelphia. 1789.\\nFranklin, William Temple. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of\\nBenjamin Franklin. London, 1818.\\nGentlemen s Magazine, the.\\nGledstone, James P. Life and Travels of George Whitefield. Lon-\\ndon, 1 87 1.\\nGordon, Thomas F. History of Pennsylvania. 1829.\\nGraydon, Alexander. Memoirs of a Life chiefly passed in Pennsyl-\\nvania. 181 1.\\nHildeburn, Charles R. Issues of the Press in Pennsylvania. 1886.\\nHopkinson, Francis. Errata on the Art of Printing incorrectly\\nExamples taken from a Latin Grammar lately printed, etc. Philadelphia,\\n1763.\\nThe Psalms of David, etc., etc. For the use of the Reformed\\nProtestant Dutch Church in the City of New York. New York, 1766.\\nMiscellaneous Essays and Occasional Writings. Philadelphia,\\n1793-\\nHosack, David. Inaugural Discourse delivered at the opening of\\nRutgers Medical School in the City of New York, 1826.\\nHunt, Isaac. Letters from Transylvania. 1764.\\nJay, Sir James. Letter to the Governors of the College of New York\\nrespecting the Collection for the Colleges of Philadelphia and New York.\\nLondon, 1771.\\nJenkins, Howard M. Family of William Penn. 1899.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Works Referred To. 7\\nJohnson, Samuel. Elementa Philosophica, containing chiefly Noetica\\nor Things Relating to the Mind or Understanding, etc. Philadelphia,\\n1752.\\nAmerican Annotations on Bishop Berkeley s Treatise on the\\nPrinciples of Human Knowledge.\\nKeith, Charles P. The Provincial Councillors of Pennsylvania. 1883.\\nKingsley, William L.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Yale College a Sketch of Its History. 1879.\\nKrauth, Charles V. Treatise, etc., with Prolegomena and Annota-\\ntions. Philadelphia, 1886.\\nLewis, William. Commercium Philosophico-technicum. London,\\n1 736- 66.\\nLogan, Deborah. Penn and Logan Correspondence. 1870.\\nMartin, John Hill. Bench and Bar of Philadelphia. 1883.\\nMaryland Gazette, The.\\nMcMaster, John B. Stone, Frederick D. Pennsylvania and the\\nFederal Constitution. Philadelphia, 1888.\\nMeats, Anne deB. Old York Road and Its Early Associations,\\nPhiladelphia, 1890.\\nMifflin, John. History of the Origin, Progress, and Termination of\\nthe American War. London, 1 794.\\nMorgan, John. A Discourse upon the Institution of Medical Schools\\nin America. Delivered at the Public Anniversary Commencement held in\\nthe College of Philadelphia, May 30 and 31, 1765. Philadelphia, 1765.\\nMorton, Thomas G. The History of the Pennsylvania Hospital,\\n1751-1895. Philadelphia, 1895.\\nNewman, F. W. The English Universities, from the German of V. A.\\nHuber. London, 1843.\\nNewman, John Henry. Office and Work of Universities. London,\\n1856.\\nNew York Gazette, The.\\nNew York Historical Society, Collections of.\\nNew York Mercury, The.\\nOverseers of the Public School of Friends, Mss. and Minutes.\\nPalfrey, John G. A History of New England during the Stuart\\nDynasty. 1 859-1 864.\\nParton, James. Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin. New York,\\n1864.\\nPennsylvania Gazette, The.\\nPennsylvania Journal, The.\\nPennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, the\\nPerry, William Stevens. Historical Collections of the American\\nColonial Church. 1871.\\nHistory of the American Episcopal Church. 1885,\\nPhilipps, Thomas. Way of Teaching Languages. 1723.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "8 Works Referred To.\\nPorter, Noah. American Colleges and the American Public. 1878.\\nProud, Robert. History of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1797.\\nQuarterly Theological Magazine, Philadelphia. 1814.\\nQuincy, Josiah. History of Harvard University. Cambridge, 1849.\\nReed, William B. Life and Correspondence of Joseph Reed. Phila-\\ndelphia, 1847.\\nRidgely, H. W. Old Brick Churches of Maryland. New York, 1894.\\nRoyal Gazette, The.\\nSargent, John. The Mine and other Poems. 1784.\\nScharf Westcott. History of Philadelphia. 1884.\\nSmith, Horace W. Life and Correspondence of the Rev. William\\nSmith, D. D.,etc. Philadelphia, 1880.\\nSmith, Rev. William. Some thoughts on Education with Reasons\\nfor Erecting a College in this Province, and fixing the same at the Oity of\\nNew York. 1752.\\nA General Idea of the College of Mirania. 1753.\\nA Poem on visiting the Academy of Philadelphia, June, 1753.\\nPersonal Affliction and frequent Reflection upon human Life,\\nof great use to lead man to the Remembrance of God. Philadelphia, 1754.\\nDiscourses on Several Public occasions during the War in\\nAmerica. London, 1759. 2nd ed., 1762.\\nAn Historical Account of the Expedition against the Ohio\\nIndians in the year 1764. 1765.\\nWorks. 1 803.\\nSparks, Jared. The Works of Benjamin Franklin. 1840.\\nSprague, William B. Annals of the American Episcopal Pulpit.\\nNew York, 1859.\\nStewart, Andrew. Short Introduction to Grammar for the use of the\\nCollege and Academy in Philadelphia, etc. 1762.\\nStiles, Ezra. In Gratulatione Nobilissimi et Amplissimi viri B.\\nFranklinii, c., c. 1818.\\nMss. Diary.\\nStille, Charles J. Life and Times of John Dickinson. 1891.\\nA Memoir of the Rev. William Smith, D. D. 1869.\\nThacher, James. American Medical Biography. 1828.\\nThom, Walter. History of Aberdeen. Aberdeen, 181 1.\\nTyerman. Life of Rev. George Whitefield. 1876.\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania. Biographical Catalogue of the Matricu-\\nlates of the College, etc. 1749-1893. Philadelphia, 1894.\\nMss. Minutes of the Academy and College.\\nWatson, John F. Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. 1870.\\nWestcott, Thompson. Historic Mansions of Philadelphia. Revised\\ned. Philadelphia, 1S95.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Works Referred To. 9\\nWhite, Andrew. History of the Warfare of Science and Theology.\\n1896.\\nWhite, William. Commentaries suited to occasions of Ordination.\\nNew York, 1833.\\nMemoirs of the Protestant Episcopal Church. New York, 1836.\\nMemoir of the Life of Dr. Bird Wilson. 1839.\\nWhitehead, William. A Charge to the Poets. 1762.\\nWickersham, James P. History of Education in Pennsylvania. 1886.\\nWilliam and Mary College, Historical Sketch of. Baltimore, 1870.\\nWilliamson, Hugh. History of North Carohna. Philadelphia, 1812.\\nWister, Charles J., Jr. Memoir of Charles J. Wister, 1866.\\nWood, George B. History of the University of Pennsylvania. 1827.\\nAlso edited in 1896 by Frederick D. Stone.\\nWordsworth, Christopher. Social Life at the English Universities.\\nLondon, 1874.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "I.\\nBenjamin Franklin laid the first stone of an institution\\nwhich was destined to outgrow in usefulness and in influence\\nany other of the creations of his fertile brain, when he announced\\nin a communication to the printers of his Pennsylvania Gazette\\nwhich appeared on 24 August, 1749, the prospectus of his\\nscheme for the higher education of youth in his adopted city\\nin the following sentences\\nIn the settling of new countries, the first care of the planters must\\nbe to provide and secure the necessaries of life; this engrosses their\\nattention, and affords them little time to think of any thing farther. We\\nmay therefore excuse our ancestors, that they established no Academy\\nor college in this province, wherein their youth might receive a polite\\nand learned education. Agriculture and mechanic arts, were of the\\nmost immediate importance the ctdtttre of minds by the finer arts and\\nsciences, was necessarily postpon d to times of more wealth and leisure.\\nSince those times are come, and numbers of our inhabitants are\\nboth able and willing to give their sons a good education, if it might be\\nhad at home, free from the extraordinary expence and hazard in send-\\ning them abroad for that purpose and since a proportion of men of\\nlearning is useful in every country, and those who of late years come to\\nsettle among us, are chiefly foreigners, unacquainted with our language,\\nlaws and customs it is thought a proposal for establishing an Academy\\nin this province, will not now be deemed unseasonable. Such a pro-\\nposal the publick may therefore shortly expect. In the meantime, please\\nto give the following letter of the younger Pliny to Cornelius Tacitus,^ a\\nplace in your paper, as it seems apropos to the design above mentioned\\nPliny junior to Cornelius Tacitus.\\nI Rejoice that you are safely arrived in Ro7ne for tho I am always\\ndesirous to see you, I am more particularly so now. I purpose to continue\\na few days longer at my house in Tusculum, in order to finish a work\\nwhich I have upon my hands For I am afraid, should I put a stop to this\\ndesign, now that it is so nearly compleated, I shall find it difficult to resume\\nit. In the meanwhile, that I may lose no time, I send this letter before\\nme, to request a favour of you, which I hope shortly to ask in person. But\\nbefore I inform you what my request is, I must let you into the occasion of\\nSeeMelraoth s Letters of Pliny the Consul, Book IV. Letter 13. Franklin s\\nProposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania are repeated in full\\nin Appendix I.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nit. Being lately in Comum, the place of my nativity, a young lad, son to\\none of my neighbors, made me a visit. I asked him whether he studied\\noratory and where? He told me he did, and at Medolianum.^ And why\\nnot here Because (said his father, who came with him) we have no mas-\\nters. No! said I, surely it nearly concerns you, who are fathers (and\\nvery opportunely several of the company were so) that your sons should\\nreceive their education here, rather than anywhere else: For where can\\nthey be placed more agreeably than in their own country, or instructed with\\nmore safety, and less expence, than at home, and under the eye of their\\nparents Upon what very easy terms might you, by a general contribu-\\ntion, procure proper masters, if you would only apply towards the raising a\\nsalary for them, the extraordinary expence it costs you for your sons\\njournies, lodgings, and whatsoever else you pay for upon account of their\\nbeing abroad as pay indeed you must in such a case for every thing\\nTho I have no children myself, yet I shall willingly contribute to a design\\nso beneficial to (what I look upon as a child, or a parent) my country and\\ntherefore I will advance a third part of any sum you shall think proper to\\nraise for this purpose. I would take upon myself the whole expence, were\\nI not apprehensive that my benefaction might hereafter be abused, and\\nperverted to private ends; as I have observed to be the case in several\\nplaces where publick foundations of this nature have been established.\\nThe single means to prevent this mischief is, to have the choice of the\\nmasters entirely in the breast of the parents, who will be so much the more\\ncareful to determine properly, as they shall be obliged to share the expence\\nof maintaining them. For tho they may be careless in disposing of\\nanother s bounty, they will certainly be cautious how they apply their own\\nand will see that none but those who deserve it shall receive my money,\\nwhen they must at the same time receive theirs too. Let my example\\nthen encourage you to unite heartily in this useful design, and be assured,\\nthe greater the sum my share shall amount to, the more agreeable it will be\\nto me. You can undertake nothing that will be more advantageous to\\nyour children, nor more acceptable to your country. They will, by this\\nmeans, receive their education where they receive their birth, and b e\\naccustomed, from their infancy, to inhabit and affect their native soil.\\nMay you be able to procure professors of such distinguished abilities, that\\nthe neighboring towns shall be glad to draw their learning from hence and\\nas you now send your children to foreigners for education, may foreigners\\nin their turn flock hither for their instruction. I thought proper thus to\\nlay open to you the rise of this affair, that you might be the more sensible\\nhow agreeable it will be to me, if you undertake the office I request. I\\nentreat you, therefore, with all the earnestness a matter of so much\\nimportance deserves, to look out, amongst the great numbers of men of\\n2 Milan.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. i 3\\nletters, which the reputation of your genius brings to you, proper persons\\nto whom we may apply for this purpose but without entering into any\\nagreement with them on my part. For I would leave it entirely free to the\\nparents to judge and choose as they shall see proper: All the share I pre-\\ntend to claim is, that of contributing my care and my money. If, there-\\nfore, any one shall be found, who thinks himself qualified for the under-\\ntaking, he may repair thither but without relying upon anything but his\\nmerit. Farewell.\\nII.\\nThese proposals were the consummation of many years\\nreflection over the wants of the Province, which he had made\\nhis home, in the matter of better and larger educational facilities,\\nfor the growing generations. The early settlers of Pennsylvania\\nhad brought with them the culture of their home training, but\\nas Franklin expresses it, the demands of the urgent present for-\\nbade them laying preparations for a like training to their children.\\nHis own native city had as its immediate neighbor the town of\\nCambridge, where Harvard College had already existed for one\\nhundred and twelve years. In its training and its influence he\\nhad no share his father, burdened with a numerous family,\\nwas unable without inconvenience to support the expense of a\\ncollege education, he records in his autobiography.^\\nI was put to the grammar school at eight years of age my father\\nintending to devote me, as the tithe of his sons, to the service of the\\nchurch. My early readiness in learning to read [he continues], (which\\nmust have been very early, as I do not remember when I could not read,)\\nand the opinion of all his friends, that I should certainly make a good\\nscholar, encouraged him in this purpose of his. My uncle Benjamin, too,\\napproved of it, and proposed to give me all his short -hand volumes of\\nsermons, I suppose as a stock to set up with, if I would learn his charac-\\nter. I continued, however, at the grammar school not quite one year,\\nthough in that time I had risen gradually from the middle of the class of\\n1 Complete Works of Benjainin Franklin. John Bigelow, 1SS7. i 3^-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthat year to be the head of it, and farther was removed into the next class\\nabove it in order to go with that into the third at the end of the year. But\\nmy father, in the meantime, from a view of the expense of a college edu-\\ncation, which having so large a family he could not well afford, and the\\nmean living many so educated were afterwards able to obtain reasons\\nthat he gave to his friends in my hearing altered his first intention, took\\nme from the grammar-school, and sent me to a school for writing and\\narithmetic, kept by a then famous man, Mr. George Brownell, very suc-\\ncessful in his profession, generally, and that by mild, encouraging methods.\\nUnder him I acquired fair writing pretty soon but I failed in the. arith-\\nmetic, and made no progress in it. At ten years old I was taken home to\\nassist my father in his business, which was that of a tallow chandler and\\nsope-boiler.\\nThis is the brief but expressive story of Franklin s own\\neducation, and how Harvard came to lose another matriculant\\nand an alumnus whose name would have adorned its long roll\\nHowever, in 1753, it conferred on him the honor of Magis-\\nter Artiuni, as had Yale in the same year,^ and William and\\nMary in 1756. To these degrees higher collegiate honors were\\nbestowed on the man who though not a collegian was the\\ncreator of a university, as St. Andrews in 1759 made him Juris\\nUtriusque Doctor, and Oxford in 1762 enrolled him as Juris\\nCivilis Doctor.^ And yet the child of his own creation never\\nenrolled his name as the possessor of one of its Degrees.\\nFor two years he continued thus employed in his father s\\nThe College of Cambridge of their own motion, presented me with the\\ndegree of Master of Arts. Yale College in Connecticut, had before made me a sim-\\nilar compliment. Thus without studying in any college, I came to partake of their\\nhonours. They were conferred in consideration of my improvements and discoveries\\nin the electric branch of natural philosophy. Bigelow, i, 242.\\nWhereas Benjamin Franklin E.squire, by his ingenious Experiments and\\nTheory of Electrical Fire has greatly merited of the Learned World it is therefore\\nconsidered that the said Benjamin Franklin shall receive the Honour of a Degree of\\nMaster of Arts, at Yale College Commencement, 12 September 1753. v. Bax-\\nter s Biographical Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College luith Atutals of the Col-\\nlege History^ p. 304.\\nOxford at the same time conferred M. A. on his son William. Sparks, i, 250,\\n267. In the same month that his St. Andrews degree was conferred, the City oi\\nEdinburgh presented him with the freedom of the city in the following record\\nBenjamin Franklin of Philadelphia is hereby admitted a burgess and guild-brother\\nof this city, as a mark of the affectionate respect which the Magistrates and Council\\nhave for a gentleman, whose amiable character, greatly distinguished for usefulness\\nto the society which he belongs to, and love to all mankind, had long ago reached\\nthem across the Atlantic Ocean. 1,251.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 15\\nbusiness but his bookish inclination at length determined his\\nfather to make him a printer though he had already one son\\n(James) of that profession.\\nI liked it much better than that of my father, but still had a hanker-\\ning for the sea. To prevent the apprehended effect of such an inclination,\\nmy father was impatient to have me bound to my brother. I stood out\\nsome time, but at last was persuaded, and signed the indenture, when I was\\nbut twelve years old. His father s little library consisted chiefly of books\\nin polemic divinity, most of which I read. Plutarch s Lives\\nthere was, in which I read abundantly, and I still think that time spent to\\ngreat advantage. I now had access to better books. An acquaintance\\nwith the apprentices of booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small\\none, which I was careful to return soon, and clean. Often I sat up in my\\nroom reading the greatest part of the night, when the book was borrowed\\nin the evening and to be returned early in the morning, lest it should be\\nmissed or wanting. [He became intimately acquainted with] another book-\\nish lad in the town, John Collins by name, with whom I was intimately\\nacquainted. About this time I met with an odd volume of the\\nSpectator. It was the third. I had never before seen any of them I\\nbought it, read it over and over, and was much delighted with it. I\\nthought the writing excellent, and wished if possible to imitate it.\\nBut his apprenticeship to his brother, notwithstanding all\\nthese waysides of literary pleasure and self education was made\\nirksome to him either his brother s tyranny or jealousy, per-\\nhaps both, oppressed his ingenious energy, and he sought means\\nto leave him and he says\\nI was sensible that if I attempted to go openly, means would be used\\nto prevent me. My friend Collins therefore undertook to manage a little\\nfor me. He agreed with the Captain of a New York sloop for my passage\\nSo I sold some of my books to raise a little money, was taken on\\nboard privately, and as we had a fair wind, in three days I found myself in\\nNew York, near 300 miles from home, a boy of but 17, without the least\\nrecommendation to or knowledge of, any person in the place, and with\\nvery little money in my pocket. Here, [he says,] I offered my service to\\nthe printer in that place old Mr. William Bradford, who had been the first\\nprinter in Pennsylvania, removed from thence upon the quarrel of George\\nKeith. He could give me no employment, having little to do, and help\\nenough already, but says he My son at Philadelphia has lately lost his\\nprincipal hand, Aquila Rose, by death if you go thither I believe he may\\nemploy you.\u00c2\u00ae\\nBigelow, i. 45, 47. 5 Ibid, i. 57. i. 58.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "1 6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAnd the young Bostonian at once set out on his way to\\nthe city where he made his home the remainder of his long and\\neventful life, and which in its oldest institutions, whether of phil-\\nanthropy, of benevolence, of education, of science, or of busi-\\nness, testifies to his genius of organization and his fertility of\\nresources.\\nIII.\\nThe story of Franklin s landing in Philadelphia on that\\nOctober Sunday morning in 1723, the same day in the week\\nwhen in 1706 he first drew breath in Boston, is well known but\\nalways interesting. His walk up Market Street, with his three\\npenny worth of rolls, with a roll under each arm and eating\\nthe other, and back by Chestnut and Walnut Streets to the\\nplace of the landing, to which I went for a draught of the\\nriver water, where being filled with one of my rolls, gave the\\nother two to a woman and her child that came down the river\\nwith us, and were waiting to go farther.\\nThus refreshed, I walked again up the street which by this time had\\nmany clean-dressed people in it, who were all walking the same way. I joined\\nthem, and thereby was led into the great meeting of the Quakers near the\\nmarket. I sat down among them, and after looking round awhile and\\nhearing nothing said, being very drowsy thro labor and want of rest the\\npreceding night, I fell fast asleep, and continued so till the meeting broke\\nup, when one was kind enough to rouse me. This vyas therefore, the first\\nhouse I was in, or slept in, in Philadelphia.^\\nIt was a notable day in the annals of our city in which\\nFranklin was introduced to it, and the simple story in his own\\ninimitable phrases seems ever to renew an interest in its perusal.\\nHe wrote this narrative nearly half a century afterwards, but the\\nvividness of his memory brought up to his mind the quaint\\nBigelow, i. 63.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 17\\nscenes of that day, and the tale is told us as freshly as if written\\nat the time.\\nOn Monday morning he reported bright and early at\\nAndrew Bradford s, and he tells us he there found in the shop\\nthe old man, his father, whom I had seen at New York, and\\nwho, traveling on horseback, had got to Philadelphia before me.\\nHe introduced me to his son, who received me civilly, gave\\nme a breakfast, but told me he did not at present want a hand.\\nWilliam Bradford undertook to introduce him to the new\\nprinter, lately set up, one Keimer who not discovering that he\\nwas the other printer s father, babbled about his plans and said\\nhe expected soon to get the greatest part of the business into\\nhis own hands, whereat Bradford drew him on by artful\\nquestions and starting little doubts to tell more of his\\nplans, and Franklin who stood by and heard all, saw im-\\nmediately that one of them was a crafty old sophister, and the\\nother a mere novice. He lodged at Bradford s the while\\nhelping Keimer and doing small jobs for the former. But this\\nfirst interview laid the seeds of the distrust between him and\\nthat family which was fostered in subsequent years by his suc-\\ncessful opposition and intensified by later political controversies.\\nBy promises from Sir William Keith, whose duplicit\\ncharacter he had yet to find out, he engaged to go to England\\nto purchase printing apparatus wherewith to furnish a great\\nestablishment in Philadelphia and in November 1724 he sailed\\nthither, only to find the Governor s promises utterly worthless\\nhe remained in London, working as best he might at his trade,\\nand by October 1726 he was again in Philadelphia. For a\\nyoung man who had not yet attained his majority, this was an\\neducation which not alone developed his self reliance but also\\nadded knowledge as well as experience to his stock of weapons\\nwherewith to continue his battle with life.\\nIn the year following he tells us he form d most of my\\ningenious acquaintances into a club of mutual improvement,\\nwhich we called the Junto. These were Joseph Brientnal,\\nBigelow, i. 64. Ibid, i. 141.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "1 8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\na scrivener Thomas Godfrey, the mathematician Nicholas\\nScull, a surveyor William Parsons, afterwards surveyor general\\nWilliam Maugridge,* joiner, but a most exquisite mechanic;\\nHugh Meredith, a Welsh Pennsylvanian, thirty years of age,\\nbred to country work, and afterwards his partner for twelve years\\nin the Pennsylvania Gazette Stephen Potts, a young country-\\nman of full age, of uncommon natural parts, and great wit and\\nhumor, but a little idle George Webb, an Oxford scholar\\nRobert Grace, a young gentleman of some fortune, generous,\\nlively and witty; and lastly, William Coleman, then a mer-\\nchant s clerk, about my age, who had the coolest, clearest head,\\nthe best heart, and the exactest morals, of almost any man I\\never met with. He became afterwards a merchant of great note,\\nand one of our provincial judges, who also became one of the\\noriginal trustees of the Academy and College in 1749, and\\nremained Franklin s most faithful coadjutor in this work until\\nhis death in 1769.\\nThe Club continued almost as long, and was the best school of\\nphilosophy, morality, and politics, that then existed in the province for\\nour queries, which were read the week preceding their discussion, put us\\nupon reading with attention upon the several subjects, that we might speak\\nmore to the purpose and here, too, we acquired better habits of conver-\\nsation, everything being studied in our rules, which might prevent us\\ndisgusting each other.\\nFrom this quiet but influential centre grew in 1743 the\\ninstitution of the first American Philosophical Society of which\\nThomas Hopkinson was the first President, which had not long\\nexistence, but was revived again by the greater organization of\\n1769, with Benjamin Franklin as its first President, though he\\nwas at the time absent in London representing his adopted\\nprovince. Thus early did this young man display and exercise\\nhis rare leadership, and attract to his side men of thought and\\nideas for one but twenty-two years of age to secure the\\nattention of men, mostly his seniors, to weekly meetings for the\\ndiscussion of useful and informing topics, indicates as great an\\ninstance as any displayed by him in later years of his strong\\n*A Vestryman of Christ Church in 1742 and again in 1744.\\n^Bigelow, i. 131. Ibid, i. 143.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 19\\nexecutive ability, and his wonderful powers of attraction among\\nall with whom he was associated in any enterprise. We dwell\\nupon the great affairs of those later years in which he had such\\na directing hand, but these peculiar characteristics of his were\\nbeing developed and matured a half century before the historian\\nof his country devotes his pages to his later works. Franklin s\\naccounts of all these matters is as engaging as it is frank; and\\nit is this same frankness which also gives us that other and\\nmore human side of his early life in which occur those youthful\\nfollies and misdoings which seemed to have furnished his\\nenemies with their most pointed weapons.\\nIV\\nIn 1728 he made a partnership with his friend Meredith for\\nthe extension of his printing business, and soon thought of\\nestablishing a paper.\\nMy hopes of success, as I told him, [his narrative proceeds], were\\nfounded on this that the then only newspaper, printed by Bradford, was\\na paltry thing, wretchedly managed, no way entertaining, and yet was\\nprofitable to him I therefore thought a good paper would scarcely fail of\\ngood encouragement.^ [But his scheme getting to the ears of his old\\nemployer, Keimer, the latter began a paper] and, after carrying it on three\\nquarters of a year, with at most only ninety subscribers, he offered it me\\nfor a trifle and I, having been ready some time to go on with it, took it in\\nhand directly, and it proved in a few years extremely profitable to me.\\nHe now called the paper the Pennsylvania Gazette, and his\\nfirst number was issued 2 October, 1729. He says\\nOur first papers made quite a different appearance from any before\\nin the province a better type, and better printed. Our number\\n[of subscribers] went on growing continually. This was one of the first\\ngood effects of my having learned a little to scribble another was that the\\nleading men, seeing a newspaper now in the hands of one who could also\\n^Bigelow, i. 145.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nhandle a pen, thought it convenient to oblige and encourage me\\nBradford had printed an address of the House to the Governor, in a coarse,\\nblundering manner we reprinted it elegantly and correctly, and sent one\\nto every member. They were sensible of the difference it strengthened\\nthe hands of our friends in the House, and they voted us their printers for\\nthe year ensuing.*\\nAnd this was the work of a young Printer who was his own\\nEditor and only twenty-three years of age. Modern times\\nrecord no instances of greater ingenuity and industry.\\nThe Junto in 1731 afforded Frankhn thoughts of another\\nscheme he says\\nBy clubbing our) books to a common library, we should, while we\\nlik d to keep them ^together, have each of us the advantage of using the\\nbooks of all the other members, which would be nearly as beneficial as if\\neach owned the whole yet some inconveniences occurring for want\\nof due care of them, the collection after about a year was separated and each\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2took his books home again. And now I set on foot my first project of a\\npublic nature, that for a subscription library. I drew up the proposals, got\\nthem put into form by our great scrivener, Brockden, and by the help of\\nmy friends in the Junto, procured fifty subscribers of forty shillings each to\\nbegin with, and ten shillings a year for fifty years, the term our company\\nwas to continue. this was the mother of all the North American sub-\\nscription libraries, now so numerous. These libraries have improved the\\ngeneral conversation of the Americans, made the common tradesmen and\\nfarmers as intelligent as most gentlemen from other countries, and perhaps\\nhave contributed in some degree to the stand so generally made throughout\\nthe colonies in defence of their privileges\\nHe writes this in 1771 in the dawn of our great struggle, of\\nhis co-directors in the institution of the Library Company of\\nPhiladelphia on i July 1731. Thomas Hopkinson, Philip Syng,\\nand Thomas Cadwalader, became also his co-trustees eighteen\\nyears later in the Academy and College, and his faithful friend\\nWilliam Coleman was elected Treasurer. This Company attracted\\nto itself in later years the testamentary gift to the public of the fine\\nprivate library of James Logan whose knowledge and judgment\\nhad been consulted by Franklin in the first selection of books\\nfor their shelves. The oldest public library in the country owes\\nits inception and planting to a young man but twenty-five years\\nBigelow, i. 149. ibid, i. 159.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 21\\nof age. In 1784 Franklin records, this library afforded me\\nthe means of improvement by constant study, for which I set\\napart an hour or two each day and thus repaired in some\\ndegree the loss of the learned education my father once intended\\nfor me. He was looking backward nigh fourscore years to his\\nnative city, and the learned education he might have attained\\nto on the banks of the Charles River. With what great satisfac-\\ntion he must have contemplated the great institution for learning\\nhe had launched eighteen years after his Library scheme had\\nbeen consummated.\\nIt was in 1731 that he took part in the formation of St.\\nJohn s Lodge in Philadelphia, so far as known, the earliest estab-\\nlished Masonic Lodge in America. In this interesting associa-\\ntion he had the fellowship of his co-trustees William Allen,\\nThomas Hopkinson, James Hamilton, Dr. Thomas Bond, Will-\\niam Plumsted, Philip Syng and Dr. Cadwalader.^ Franklin was\\non a Committee appointed to consider of the present State of\\nthe Lodge and of the properest Methods to improve it, and\\nthe Committee s report of 5 June, 1732, is in his handwriting.\\nHe was Junior Grand Warden of Pennsylvania that year, was\\nGrand Master in 1734 and again in 1749, and Deputy Grand\\nMaster from 1750 to 1755.\\nAt the close of the year following Franklin first published\\nhis Poor Richard s Almanac, which was continued about twenty-\\nfive years. This, he tells us, he endeavoured to make both\\nentertaining and useful, and it accordingly came to be in such\\ndemand, that I reaped considerable profit from it vending\\nannually near ten thousand. It was announced in the Penn-\\nsylvania Gazette of 19 December, 1732, and such was the eager-\\n*Bigelow, i. 170\\nIt was in the latter s letter to Henry Bell of Lancaster of 17 November, 1754,\\nwe find him saying: As you well know I was one of the originators of the first\\nMasonic Lodge in Philadelphia. A party of us used to meet at the Tree Tavern in\\nWater Street, and sometimes opened a Lodge there. Once, in the fall of 1750, we\\nformed a design of obtaining a Charter for a regular Lodge, and made application to\\nthe Grand Lodge of England for one, but before receiving it, we heard that Daniel\\nCoxe, of New Jersey, had been appointed by that Grand Lodge as Provincial Master\\nof New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. We, therefore, made application to\\nhim, and our request was granted vide The Keystone, 15 October, 1887.\\n*Bigelow, i. 192", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "22 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nness with which it was sought that three editions were printed\\nbefore the end of January.\\nBut his prosperous business did not keep pace with his in-\\nsatiate desire for knowledge, and to open new channels he had\\nbegun, he says,\\nin 1732 to study languages I soon made myself so much a master of the\\nFrench, as to be able to read the books with ease. I then undertook the\\nItalian. An acquaintance, who was also learning it, us d often to tempt\\nme to play chess with him. Finding this took up too much of the time I\\nhad to spare for study, I at length refused to play any more unless on this\\ncondition, that the victor in every game should have a right to impose a\\ntask, either in parts of the grammar to be got by heart, or in translations,\\netc, which tasks the vanquish d was to perform upon honour before our\\nnext meeting. As we play d pretty equally, we thus beat one another into\\nthat language. I afterwards, with a little pains-taking, acquired as much\\nof the Spanish as to read their books also. I have already mention d that\\nI had only one year s instruction in a Latin school, and that when very\\nyoung, after which I neglected that language entirely. But, when I had\\nattained an acquaintance with the French, Italian, and Spanish, I was sur-\\npris d to find, in looking over a Latin Testament, that I understood so\\nmuch more of that language than I had imagined, which encouraged me to\\napply myself again to the study of it, and I met with more success, as those\\npreceding languages had greatly smooth d my way.\\nHis ambition ever to learn was well sustained by his incom-\\nparable energy and self-denial.\\nBigelow, i. 198", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 23\\nV\\nIn 1736 he sought entrance into public life, the better to\\nfurther his favoring fortunes, and he was chosen clerk of the\\nGeneral Assembly in October of that year,^ for which office\\nhe petitioned the House in succession to Joseph Growden.\\nGovernor Gordon had died in the summer, and James Logan as\\nPresident of the Council became the head of the Provincial gov-\\nernment until the arrival of Governor Thomas two years later.\\nThis doubtless was the influence that secured what Franklin\\nterms my first promotion. He, as usual, makes no secret of\\nthe reasons for his wishing the office\\nbesides the pay for the immediate service as clerk, the place gave me a\\nbetter opportunity of keeping up an interest among the members, which\\nsecured to me the business of printing the votes, laws, paper money, and\\nother occasional jobbs for the public, that, on the whole were very profitable.\\nHe was annually chosen to this office for fourteen years,\\nand herein he trained himself for his later political life. It was\\nbut at thirty years of age this native of a northern province\\nattained to this important position, and without contradiction\\nbut his second term was not reached without opposition, which\\narose\\nfrom a new member in order to favor some other candidate. He\\nwas a gentleman of fortune and education, with talents that were likely to\\ngive him in time great influence in the House which indeed afterwards\\nhappened.\\nBut Franklin won in the contest and later placated this\\nmember by one of those clever strokes of ingenuity which he\\noften exercised successfully to divert enmities and when record-\\ning the story concludes by saying this shows how much more\\nprofitable it is prudently to remove, than to resent, return, and\\ncontinue inimical proceedings he ever after manifested a readi-\\nness to serve me on all occasions, so that we became great friends,\\nand our friendship continued to his death,\\nIn October of the following year, 1737, he was appointed\\nBigelow, i. 201. Proud, ii. 215, note. Bigelow, i. 202.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "24 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\npostmaster by Colonel Spotswood, formerly governor of Vir-\\nginia and now postmaster general, succeeding his competitor in\\nbusiness, Andrew Bradford, who had been postmaster since\\n1725 and who was now removed for reasons affecting his lack\\nof care and exactness in framing and rendering his accounts.\\nHe tells us,\\nI accepted it readily, and found it of great advantage for, though the\\nsalary was small, it facilitated the correspondence that improv d my news-\\npaper, increas d the number demanded, as well as the advertisements to\\nbe inserted, so that it came to afford me a considerable income. But, [he\\nadds,] my old competitor s newspaper declined proportionably, and I was\\nsatisfy d without retahating his refusal, while postmaster, to permit my\\npapers being carried by the riders.\\nThis appointment was unwelcome to Bradford and his\\nfriends and warmed into life animosities which bore fruit in later\\nyears.\\nWith these two public offices in hand, Franklin tells us,^ I\\nbegan now to turn my thoughts a little to public affairs, begin-\\nning however with small matters. The city watch was reformed\\nby the suggestions he made and the measures he succeeded in\\nconsummating aided by the influence of his friends of the Junto.\\nFire prevention as well exercised his thoughts, and he wrote a\\npaper, first read in the junto and afterwards published,\\non the different accidents and carelessnesses by which houses were set on\\nfire. This gave rise to a project, which soon followed it, of forming a com-\\npany for the more ready extinguishing of fires, and mutual assistance in\\nremoving and securing of goods when in danger. Associates in this scheme\\nwere presently found, amounting to thirty.\\nSuch was the origin of the Union Fire Company, established\\n7 December, 1736, the first fire company in Philadelphia.*\\nThe utility of this institution soon appeared, and many more desiring\\nto be admitted than we thought convenient for one company, they were\\nadvised to form another, which was accordingly done and this went on,\\none new company being formed after another, till they became so numer-\\nous as to include most of the inhabitants who were men of property.\\nThe author of these practical reforms had not passed beyond\\nhis thirty-first year, yet he exhibited the skill and experience,\\nand exerted the influence on his fellow citizens, of a man of three-\\nscore,\\nBigelow, i. 203. Ibid, i. 205", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 25\\nVI\\nAt the close of the year 1739 there arrived in Philadelphia,\\non his way to his Parish and Orphanage at Savannah, the Rev.\\nGeorge Whitefield, a presbyter of the Church of England, the\\nfame of whose extraordinary pulpit powers had preceded him,\\nthough he was a young man but twenty-four years of age.^\\nTwo days after his arrival, on Sunday 4th November he preached\\nin Christ Church, and read prayers there and preached daily for\\na week. Departing for New York on the 12th, where he was\\nnot allowed to preach in Trinity Church, though he attended\\nboth the Sunday services he returned to Philadelphia on the\\n23d and departed thence on the 29th for the South, having\\npreached daily in Christ Church, though on his return in the\\nApril following he was inhibited from holding any service or\\npreaching there. Frankhn in common with every citizen was\\nattracted by his eloquence, and he formed a friendship for the\\nyoung divine, who was eight years his junior, which continued\\nuntil his death, when he wrote to a friend I knew him inti-\\nmately upwards of thirty years. His integrity, disinterested-\\nness, and indefatigable zeal in prosecuting every good work, I\\nhave never seen equalled, and shall never see excelled.\\nDoubtless Franklin was present at that remarkable scene in\\nChrist Church on Sunday the 25th November when his friend\\nthe Rev. Richard Peters stood up and controverted some of\\nWhitefield s new doctrines, which the latter manfully answered,\\nthough his Journal records he had been somewhat alarmed\\nat the disturbance which this public contradiction threatened.\\nBefore the month was out Whitefield gave Frankhn copies of\\nhis Journals and sermons with leave to print the same. Andrew\\n1 He was ordained in Gloucester Cathedral 13 June 1736, and first preached on\\nthe Sunday following. A complaint was made to the Bishop that fifteen persons\\nhad been driven mad by his sermon. The bishop only replied that he hoped the\\nmadness might not be forgotten before another Sunday. How his one\\nsermon grew till he had preached eighteen thousand times, or ten times a week for\\nfour and thirty years, and fed multitudes beyond computation. Gledstone s Life\\nand Travels of George Whitefield, M.A.^ p 36. London 187 1.\\nLife of Rev George Whitefield, Tyerman. ii 628. London 1876. Life and\\nTimes of Benjamin Franklin, Parton, i. 626.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "26 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nBradford printed some sermons and letters, but those under-\\ntaken by Franklin were by authority in his journal of 28\\nNovember he records, One of the printers has told me he has\\ntaken above two hundred subscriptions for printing my Sermons\\nand Journals, Franklin says, we had no religious connec-\\ntion. He us d, indeed, sometimes to pray for my conversion,\\nbut never had the satisfaction of believing that his prayers were\\nheard. Ours was a mere civil friendship, sincere on both sides,\\nand lasted to his death.\\nAs the extent of Whitefield s audiences forbad their accom-\\nmodation in any of the churches, and the inhibition by the Rec-\\ntor preventing in 1740 and in his subsequent visits his use of\\nChrist Church, which was then indeed but one half the size as\\nwe now know it, measures were taken to procure him a proper\\nbuilding for his preachings it being found inconvenient to\\nassemble in the open air, Franklin says^\\nsubject to its inclemencies, the building of a house to meet in was\\nno sooner proposed, and persons appointed to receive contributions, but\\nsufficient sums were soon receiv d to procure the ground, and erect the\\nbuilding, which was one hundred feet long and seventy broad, about the\\nsize of Westminster Hall, and the work was carried on with such spirit\\nas to be finished in a much shorter time than could have been expected.\\nBoth house and ground were vested in trustees expressly for the use of any\\npreacher of any religious persuasion, who might desire to say something\\nto the people at Philadelphia.\\nFranklin was foremost in the work as he was in any matter\\nhe undertook and contributed of his means to it, though he was\\nnot one of the Trustees until 1749 when the property came into\\nthe possession of the new born Academy. On Sunday, 9\\nNovember, 1740, Whitefield records in his Journal, Preached\\nin the morning, to several thousands, in a house built since my\\nlast departure from Philadelphia. It was never preached in\\nbefore. The roof is not yet up but the people raised a con-\\nvenient pulpit, and boarded the bottom. The oft told tale can\\nbear repetition in this connection of the influence of White-\\nTyerraan, i. 337.\\nBigelow, i. 209, also letter quoted by Dr Sprague from Rev Jotham Sewell, in\\nAnnals of Episcopal Pulpit, 107. Bigelow, i. 206.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 27\\nfield s oratory on Franklin himself. He attended in April, 1740,\\none of Whitefield s meetings where he preached of his Orphan-\\nage, the location of which did not meet Franklin s approval, as\u00c2\u00ae\\nGeorgia was then destitute of materials and workmen, and it was proposed\\nto send them from Philadelphia at a great expense. I thought it would have\\nbeen better to have built the house here, and brought the children to it.\\nThis I advis d but he was resolute in his first project, rejected my counsel,\\nand I, therefore, refus d to contribute. I happened soon after to attend\\none of his sermons, in the course of which I perceived he intended to finish\\nwith a collection, and I silently resolved he should get nothing from me.\\nI had, in my pocket, a handful of copper money, three or four silver dol-\\nlars, and five pistoles in gold. As he proceeded I began to soften, and\\nconcluded to give the coppers Another stroke of his oratory made me\\nasham d of that, and determin d me to give the silver and he finished\\nso admirably, that I empty d my pocket wholly into the collectors dish,\\ngold and all.\\nVII\\nFranklin s trusteeship in this property in 1749 rendered the\\nplan effectual then proposed of making the building the first\\nhome of his College and Academy but for this happy instru-\\nmentality the young College would probably not for many years\\nhave had a home of its own so well adapted for its purposes.\\nBuilt for the accommodation of the greatest preacher of the\\nday, it became the Academy where the greatest teacher in the\\nprovince, also a clergyman in like orders, established his fame as\\na Provost and nurtured into permanence the reputation of his\\nCollege. In 1764 Whitefield himself wrote of the Academy as\\none of the best regulated institutions in the world, after\\npreaching on the opening of a new term of the College in Sep-\\ntember.^ He was in Philadelphia the following spring, and Dr.\\nSmith asked him to preach at the Commencement of 1765, but\\n\u00c2\u00aeBigelow, i. 20S. ^Tyerman, ii. 477.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "28 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nhe had been obliged to leave town a few days before for New\\nYork to embark thence for England. His last visit to Philadel-\\nphia was in May, 1770, when he writes in his Journal, 24 May,\\nto all the Episcopal Churches, as well as to most of the\\nother places of worship, I have free access; and on 30\\nSeptember following he died in Newburyport, where lie his\\nremains.^\\nThe friendship between these two remarkable men was\\nbegun by some common attraction the one for the other and con-\\ntinued through life unbroken, though their views on the deepest\\nthoughts of humanity were so diverse. Such affinities are often\\nwitnessed, though the link is so subtle as to be undefinable. The\\none a Deist whose time was given to material things and his\\nthoughts to the development of human knowledge, the other a\\nwarm believ^er in divine revelation and a burning preacher of the\\nmessage which he claimed to have received yet there was\\nsomewhat between them of sympathy and of a mutual under-\\nstanding, which bound them to each other in a common respect\\nand appreciation of each other s earnestness and reality. White-\\nfield s concern for his older friend manifested itself afterwards in\\nmany ways. He writes to him 26 November 1 740, on his way\\nto Savannah after their first meeting in Philadelphia, about his\\npublications, and could not conclude without saying I do not\\ndespair of your seeing the reasonableness of Christianity. Apply\\nto GOD be willing to do the divine will, and you shall know\\nit. And on 17 August, 1752, he writes him^\\nI find that you grow more and more famous in the learned world. As\\nyou have made a pretty considerable progress in the mysteries of electricity,\\nI would now humbly recommend to your diligent unprejudiced pursuit and\\nstudy the mystery of the new birth. It is a most important, interesting\\nstudy, and when mastered, will richly answer and repay you for all your\\npains. One hath solemnly declared, that without it, we cannot enter\\nthe kingdom of heaven. You will excuse this freedom. I must have\\nPentta. Gazette. Tyerman, ii. 484.\\nTyerman, ii. 589. William White writes from Philadelphia 9 October,\\n1770, to his friend James Wilson at Carlisle, P. S. The bells are now ringing muf-\\nfled for the Death of Mr. Whitefield he died in New England. MS. letter.\\nIbid. i. 439. Ibid. ii. 283.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 29\\naliquid Christi va all my letters.^ I am a yet willing pilgrim for his great\\nname sake, and I trust a blessing attends my poor feeble labours.\\nHe had already, more than two years before, written a letter\\nto be referred to later on, upon the new Academy in which he\\nheld the same anxious language on behalf of his friend s plans\\nfor the education of youth.\\nIt was about nine years before his meeting with Whitefield\\nthat Franklin put down from time to time such thoughts as\\noccurred to him on the subject of religion.\\nThat there is one God, who made all things.\\nThat he governs the world by his providence.\\nThat he ought to be worshipped by adoration, prayer and thanks-\\ngiving.\\nBut that the most acceptable service of God is doing good to man.\\nThat the soul is immortal.\\nAnd that God will certainly reward virtue and punish vice, either\\nhere or hereafter.\\nThat portion of his Autobiography in which we find these\\nlines recorded was written, he tells us, in 1788. It was but a\\ntwelvemonth before he thus took up his pen to renew his inter-\\nesting personal narrative, that occurred that memorable appeal\\nby him in the Convention for framing the Constitution for the\\nuse of daily prayers in the deliberations of an assembly upon\\nwhom rested the perpetuation of a solid government for the\\nUnited States. He seldom spoke in a deliberative assembly\\nexcept for some special object, and then briefly and with great\\nsimplicity of manner and language. Sparks\u00c2\u00ae tells us, on the\\noccasion now referred to, he rose and said\\nIn the beginning of the contest with Britain, when we were sensible\\nof danger, we had daily prayers in this room for the divine protection.\\nOur prayers, Sir, were heard and they were graciously answered. All of\\nus, who were engaged in the struggle, must have observed frequent\\ninstances of a superintending Providence in our favor. To that kind\\nProvidence we owe this happy opportunity of consulting in peace on the\\nTwo years previously Whitefield made the same allusion regarding the pro-\\nposals for the new Academy, in writing to Franklin 26 February, 1750: but, I\\nthink there wants aliqidd Christi in it, to make it as useful as I would desire it might\\nbe. Tyerman, ii. 251.\\nBigelow, ii. 190. ^Sparks, i. 514-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "30 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nmeans of establishing our future national felicity. And have we now for-\\ngotten that powerful Friend or do we imagine we no longer need his\\nassistance I have lived, Sir, a long time and, the longer I live, the\\nmore convincing proofs I see of this truth, that God governs in the affairs\\nof tnett. And, if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without his notice, is\\nit probable that an empire can rise without his aid We have been\\nassured, Sir, in the Sacred Writings, that except the Lord build the house,\\nthey labor in vain that build it. I firmly believe this and I also believe,\\nthat, without his concurring aid, we shall succeed in this political building\\nno better than the builders of Babel we shall be divided by our little,\\npartial, local interests, our projects will be unfounded, and we ourselves\\nshall become a reproach and a by-word down to future ages. And, what\\nis worse, mankind may hereafter, from this unfortunate instance, despair\\nof establishing government by human wisdom, and leave it to chance, war,\\nand conquest. I therefore beg leave to move, that henceforth prayers,\\nimploring the assistance of Heaven and its blessing on our deliberations,\\nbe held in this assembly every morning before we proceed to business\\nand that one or more of the clergy of this city be requested to officiate in\\nthat service.\\nBut his appeal was unavailing, and the motion was lost, as\\nthe Convention, except three or four persons, thought prayers\\nunnecessary. There was that in the man that would win the\\nfriendship and respect of even a Whitefield and one need won-\\nder not at the exercise of this personal influence in all his inter-\\ncourse with his fellow men.\\nBut domestic concerns led him to other ingenious thoughts,\\nthough for once he here halted, not however for lack of faith,\\nbut failure at the time of the proper instrument to mature his\\nplans. His son William had reached the age of about twelve\\nyears when he in 1743 drew up a proposal, he tells us,^\\nfor establishing an academy; and at that time, thinking the Reverend Mr.\\nPeters, who was out of employ, a fit person to superintend such an institu-\\ntion, I communicated the project to him but he, having more profitable\\nviews in the service of the proprietaries which succeeded, declined the\\nundertaking and, not knowing another at that time suitable for such a\\ntrust, I let the scheme lie awhile dormant.\\nMr. Peters, of whom much will be said on later pages, was\\nappointed on the 14 February of this year, Secretary of the\\nProvince and Clerk to the Council his intimate concern and\\nBigelow, i. 213.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 31\\ninterest in many of Franklin s enterprises, and his activities in\\nfurtherance of the College and Academy as finally framed and\\nlaunched six years later, made him a conspicuous figure in the\\ncircle of which Franklin was the centre.\\nThis same year witnessed the suggestion by Franklin, in\\nhis paper dated 14 May, 1743, entitled A Proposal for Pro-\\nmoting Useful Knowledge among the British Plantations in\\nAmerica, of the American Philosophical Society, which seems\\nto have very soon thereafter come into existence Benjamin\\nFranklin, the writer of this proposal, offers himself to serve the\\nSociety as their secretary, till they shall be provided with one\\nmore capable. On 5 April, 1744, he writes to Cadwalader\\nGolden, that the society, so far as it relates to Philadelphia, is\\nactually formed, and has had several meetings to mutual satis-\\nfaction. The vicissitudes of this society, whose vigour\\nlessened during Franklin s long absences abroad, need only to\\nbe referred to here in connection with its reorganization in\\nJanuary, 1769, when Dr. Franklin was chosen President, although\\nthen absent in London, to which office he was annually elected\\nuntil his death.\\nIn writing about his first proposal for an academy in 1743,\\nhe said,\\nI had on the whole, abundant reason to be satisfied with my being\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0established in Pennsylvania. There were, however, two things that I\\n1 Bigelow, ii. i. Duyckinck, i. 575.\\nHe continues the members are\\nDr Thomas Bond, as Physician\\nMr John Bartram, as Botanist\\nMr Thomas Godfrey, as Mathematician\\nMr Samuel Rhoads, as Mechanician\\nMr William Parsons, as Geographer\\nDr Phineas Bond, as General Nat. Philosopher\\nMr Thomas Hopkinson, President\\nMr William Coleman, Treasurer\\nB. F Secretary, To whom the following members have since\\nbeen added, viz Mr Alexander, of New York Mr Morris, Chief Justice of the Jer-\\nseys; Mr Home, Secretary of do; Mr John Coxe of Trenton; and Mr Martyn, of\\nthe same place. Mr Nicholls tells me of several other gentlemen of this city that\\nincline to encourage the thing; and there are a number of others, in Virginia, Mary-\\nland, and the New England colonies, we expect to join us as soon as they are\\nacquainted that the Society has begun to form itself.\\n11 Bigelow, i. 212.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "32 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nregretted, there being no provision for defence, nor for a compleat educa-\\ntion of youth no militia, nor any college.\\nHis plans for education had been laid aside for the present,\\nwe have seen his plans for defence of his city against foreign\\ninvasion did not culminate for four years. Of them he writes,\\nWith respect to defense, Spain having been several years at war\\nagainst Great Britain, and being at length join d by France, which brought\\nus into great danger and laboured and long continued endeavour of our\\ngovernor, Thomas, to prevail with our Quaker Assembly to pass a militia\\nlaw, and make other provisions for the security of the province, having\\nproved abortive, I determined to try what might be done by a voluntary\\nassociation of the people. To promote this, I first wrote and published\\na pamphlet, entitled. Plain Truth. -x- The pamphlet had a\\nsudden and surprising effect. I was call d upon for the instrument of\\nassociation, and having settled the draft of it with a few friends, I appointed\\na meeting of the citizens in the large building before mentioned, [afterwards\\nthe first home of the University]. The house was pretty full 1 had pre-\\npared a number of printed copies, and provided pens and ink dispers d\\nall over the room. I harangued them a little on the subject, read the\\npaper and explained it, and then distributed the copies, which were eagerly\\nsigned, not the least objection being made. When the company sepa-\\nrated, and the papers were collected, we found above twelve hundred\\nhands and other copies being dispersed in the country, the subscribers\\namounted at length to upwards of ten thousand.\\nThus was formed in November, 1747, the new militia, or\\nAssociators as they were called. The officers of the companies\\ncomposing the Philadelphia regiment chose Franklin as their\\nlieutenant colonel, but, conceiving myself unfit, I declined\\nthat station, he writes, and recommended Mr. Lawrence.\\nBy April following nearly one thousand associations were\\nunder arms, and batteries were erected on the river front, the\\ngrand battery near the Swedes Church, on ground afterwards\\noccupied by the United States Navy Yard, being named the\\nAssociation Battery. But the news of the peace concluded at\\nAix la Chapelle in April reached Philadelphia on 24 August,\\n1748, and their zeal and resolution had no trial of contest with\\nthe dreaded enemy. Franklin adds\\nIt was thought by some of my friends, that, by my activity in these\\n12 Bigelow, i. 213. ibj^j^ ;_ 214. 1* Ibid, i. 216.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 33\\naffairs, I should offend the Quakers, and thereby lose my interest in the\\nAssembly of the province, where they formed a great majority.\\nHowever, I was chosen again unanimously as clerk at the next election.\\nPossibly, as theydislik d my late intimacy with the members of Council,\\nwho had joined the governors in all the disputes about military prepara-\\ntions, with which the House had long been harassed, they might have been\\npleas d if I would voluntarily have left them but they did not care to dis-\\nplace me on account merely of my zeal for the Association, and they could\\nnot well give another reason. Indeed, I had some cause to believe, that\\nthe defense of the country was not disagreeable to any of them, provided\\nthey were not required to assist in it.^^\\nThus far have been briefly stated the more notable actions\\nin the first half of the life of the man who conceived the plan\\nand laid the foundation of the institution of learning whose\\nhistory is here attempted and to all those who claim it as their\\nalma mater, it must be a matter of reasonable pride that its\\nFather was a man whose rare genius, and strong mind, and\\nwhose diligent employment and nurture of the various facul-\\nties his Creator had endowed him with, have made the name of\\nBenjamin Franklin of world wide note. Other institutions of\\nlike character have an earlier origin, some may have a wider\\nreputation but none in our country can claim such paternity.\\nIt is well to review here in the outset his wonderful success in\\nall practical matters his untiring occupation of every waking\\nhour either in self improvement, or in seeking the improvement\\nof others in advancing the welfare of his city, his province, and\\nhis country at large in probing the secrets of nature in wind\\nor current, or in that more subtle force which we name elec-\\ntricity whose present great development into practical uses\\nbrings afresh to mind the man who was among the first to make\\nhis fellows familiar with its wonders in promoting learning in\\ndisseminating useful kno^yledge in all the communities to which\\nhis influence reached in laboring for better municipal govern-\\nment in securing local betterments in street ways and lighting\\nin arousing his fellow citizens to practical measures to secure\\nRichard Peters approvingly narrates this Association and names Franklin as\\nthe author of it in his letter to the Proprietaries, 29 November, 1747. Sparks, vii. 20.\\nThe plan had not at first commended itself to them, as savoring too much of inde-\\npendence in mihtary matters.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "34 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ntheir defence against the foreign foe in striving with the out-\\nstretched olive branch to prevent the mother country forcing a\\nrupture with her transatlantic children, and when disappointed\\nin that, holding with his masterly diplomatic skill foreign nations\\nto their pledged alliance with us and under all circumstances,\\nin adversity as well as in prosperity, under bodily ailments as\\nwell as with full physical health, pursuing with calmness and an\\neven tenor almost superhuman the paths of usefulness and duty\\nwhich he made, or which were laid upon him by a constituency\\nnot always grateful, in private and public life equally faithful to\\nthe ends in view and the interests confided to him. Such a man\\nit is well to hold up to the view of those who may in the coming\\nyears seek their learning on his foundations as an example of a\\nmanly and rightful ambition, of rare diligence and thrift, and of\\na true catholic spirit and abounding industry. He fulfilled the\\nunconscious prediction of his worthy father, who commended to\\nhim the saying of the Wise Man, Seest thou a man diligent in\\nhis business he shall stand before kings he shall not stand\\nbefore mean men.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 35\\nVIII.\\nThe birth of the university marks the half way point in\\nFrankhn s life in the pursuit of its history we cannot fail to\\nnote his work from time to time in behalf of his native country,\\nfor we must watch the events by his share in which he was ele-\\nvated more and more to public notoriety, and some of which\\nnearly concerned the institution whose trusteeship he faithfully\\ncontinued in to his last days, though his long absences in his\\ncountry s service deprived it for many consecutive years of that\\nprudent and skilful counsel, which, if exercised, had perhaps\\nspared it from its great disaster of 1 779.\\nThe attempt of 1743 had not been forgotten by him, and\\nthough he had not within view any capable or experienced per-\\nson to take it in charge, he sought counsel of his friends, Mr.\\nPeters included, and now made public his designs. Peace\\nbeing concluded, he says in his Narrative,\\nand the association business therefore at an end, I turn d my thoughts\\nagain to the affair of establishing an academy. The first step I\\ntook was to associate in the design a number of active friends, of whom\\nthe Junto furnished a good part the next was to write and publish a\\npamphlet, entitled, Proposals relating to the Education of Youth in Penn-\\nsylvania. This I distributed among the principal inhabitants gratis; and\\nas soon as I could suppose their minds a little prepared by the perusal of\\nit, I set on foot a subscription for opening and supporting an academy.\\nAnd he adds a sentence in his usual vein showing how\\nlittle anxious he was to claim the authorship of the plan\\nIn the introduction to these proposals, I started their pubHcation not\\nBigelow, 224, 25. These Proposals of 1749 are not found in Mr. Bigelow s\\nCofiiplete Works of Franklin. See Sparks, i. 569, where they are inserted with Mr.\\nSpark s literary freedom but will be found herein correctly recorded in Appendix\\nI, without however carrying the author s copious and many notes wherein he\\ntranscribed authorities endorsing his objects and his methods. Upon the appearance\\nof Volumes i. and ii. of Mr. Bigelow s valuable work, his attention was called to the\\nomission of the Proposals, and he replied, 23 April, 1887, it will appear in one of\\nthe later volumes which is now in the hands of the printer Why it was assigned to\\na later date I do not remember, nor could I satisfy myself without reference to the\\ncopy, which at present would be inconvenient. It will serve your purpose, I hope,\\nto know that it had not been overlooked. Doubtless the failure to obtain a copy of\\nthe original prevented this consummation. Of this rare publication but three copies\\nare now known to be preserved, one of them, happily, is in the possession of the\\nUniversity, the Pennsylvania Historical Society and the Boston Athenseum owning\\nthe other two.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "36 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nas an act of mine, but of more piiblick spirited geiitleiiit ti avoiding as\\nmuch as I could, according to my usual rule, the presenting myself to the\\npublic as the author of any scheme for their benefit.\\nWe can name the time of the issue of this remarkable\\npaper by his advertisement already quoted.\\nHis first section of the Proposals opens with the well\\nknown axiom that the good education of youth has been\\nesteemed by wise men in all ages, as the surest foundation of\\nthe happiness of both private families and commonwealths, and\\nproceeds to state the further fact that almost all governments\\nhave therefore made it a principal object of their attention, to\\nestablish and endow with proper revenues such seminaries of\\nlearning, as might supply the succeeding age with men qualified\\nto serve the public with honor to themselves and to their\\ncountry.\\nThe present necessity lying on the colonists to restore and\\nmaintain a good education is well stated in the next section.\\nMany of the first settlers of these provinces were men who\\nhad received a good education in Europe and to their wisdom\\nand good management we owe much of our present prosperity.\\nBut their hands were full, and they could not do all things.\\nThe present race are not thought to be generally of equal ability:\\nfor, though the American youth are allowed not to want capacity,\\nyet the best capacities require cultivation it being truly with\\nthem, as with the best ground, which, unless well tilled and\\nsowed with profitable seed, produces only ranker weeds. He\\nthen proceeds; that we may obtain the advantages arising\\nfrom an increase of knowledge, and prevent, as much as may\\nbe, the mischievous consequences that would attend a general\\nignorance among us, the following hints are offered towards\\nforming a plan for the education of the youth of Pennsylvania.\\nThe entire text of the paper will be found elsewhere, but\\nthere are some propositions it submits which call for especial\\nnote as they are as fruitful in suggestions now as then. One of\\nthe first points to a paternal management, giving this preference\\nover the scholastic\\nThat the members of the corporation make it their pleasure, and in", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 37\\nsome degree their business, to visit the Academy often, encourage and\\ncountenance the youth, countenance and assist the masters, and by all\\nnieans in their power advance the usefulness and reputation of the design\\nthat they look on the students as in some sort their children, treat them\\nwith familiarity and affection, and, when they have behaved well, and gone\\nthrough their studies, and are to enter the world, zealously unite, and make\\nall the interest that can be made to establish them, whether in business,\\noffices, marriages, or any other thing for their advantage, preferably to all\\nother persons whatsoever, even of equal merit.\\nThe next is a proper habitation\\nThat a house be provided for the Academy, if not in the town, not\\nmany miles from it the situation high and dry, and, if it may be, not far\\nfrom a river, having a garden, orchard, meadow, and afield or two. [And,]\\nthat the house be furnished with a library if in the country, (if in the town,\\nthe town libraries may serve.)\\nAnd further,\\nthat the Rector be a man of good understanding, good morals, diligent\\nand patient, learned in the languages and sciences, and a correct, pure\\nspeaker and writer of the English tongue.\\nAs to the students,\\nit would be well if they could be taught everything that is useful, and\\neverything that is ornamental. But art is long, and their time is short\\nIt is therefore proposed, that they learn those things that are likely to be\\nthe most useful and most ornamental regard being had to the several pro-\\nfessions for which they are intended. s- Reading should also be\\ntaught, and pronouncing properly, distinctly, emphatically not with an\\neven tone, which ufider-does, nor a theatrical, which over-does nature. To\\nform their style, they should be put in writing letters to each other, making\\nUpon the site of a College we have Antony a Woods loving reference to\\nOxford First a good and pleasant site, where there is a wholesome and temperate\\nconstitution of the air composed with waters, springs or wells, woods and pleasant\\nfields which being obtained, those commodities are enough to invite students to\\nstay and abide there. As the Athenians in ancient times were happy for their conve-\\nniences, so also were the Britons, when by a remnant of die Grecians that came\\namongst them, they or their successors selected such a place in Britain to plant a\\nschool or schools therein, which for its pleasant situation was afterwards called liello-\\nsitum or Belosite now Oxford, privileged with all those conveniences before men-\\ntioned. Quoted by John Henry Newman in his Office and Work of Universities,\\nLondon, 1856, p. 40. In a previous page Cardinal Newman had said, If I were\\nasked to describe as briefly and popularly as I could what a University was, I should\\ndraw my answer from its ancient designation of a Studiam Generale, or school of\\nUniversal Learning a school of knowledge of every kind, consisting of\\nteachers and learners from every quarter a place for the communication\\nand circulation of thought by means of personal intercourse through a wide extent of\\ncountry, p. 9.\\nArs longa, vita brevis. Hippocrates, AphorisJU.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "38 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nabstracts of what they read, or writing the same things in their own words\\ntelling or writing stories lately read, in their own expressions.\\nHere we are reminded of Franklin s own early experiments\\nin composition when a lad of but thirteen or fourteen years\\nreading the Spectator made him ambitious to excel in style. And\\nwith the view, if possible, of imitating it, his narrative tells us\\nI took some of the papers, and making short hints of the sentiment\\nin each sentence, laid them by a few days, and then, without looking at\\nthe book, try d to compleat the papers again, by expressing each hinted\\nsentiment at length, and as fully as it had been expressed before, in any\\nsuitable words that should occur to me. Then I compared my Spectator\\nwith the original, discovered some of my faults, and corrected them. But\\nI found I wanted a stock of words, or a readiness in recollecting and\\nusing them, which I thought I should have acquired before that time if I\\nhad gone on making verses since the continual occasion for words of the\\nsame import, but of different length to suit the measure, or of different\\nsound for the rhyme, would have laid me under a constant necessity of\\nsearching for variety, and also have tended to fix that variety in my mind,\\nand make me master of it. Therefore I took some of the tales and turned\\nthem into verse and, after a time, when I had pretty well forgotten the\\nprose, turned them back again By comparing my work after-\\nwards with the original, I discovered my faults, and amended them but I\\nsometimes had the pleasure of fancying that, in certain particulars of small\\nimport, 1 had been lucky enough to improve the method or the language,\\nand this encouraged me to think, that I might possibly in time come to be\\na tolerable English writer of which I was extremely ambitious.\\nFranklin became more than a tolerable English writer, and\\nhe remained to his latest years a master in the art and the\\nfoundation of this was laid in the strenuous efforts of his boy-\\nhood for success, the memory of which must have been in\\nhis mind even when he was writing his Proposals, to which after\\nthis digression we must turn again.\\nHe recurs to History, as embracing Geography, Chronol-\\nogy, Ancient Customs, Morals, Politics, and Oratory\\nHistory will also give occasion to expatiate on the advantage of civil\\norders and constitutions how men and their properties are protected by\\njoining in societies and establishing government their industry encour-\\naged and rewarded, arts invented, and life made more comfortable the\\nBigelow, i. 48.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 39\\nadvantages of liberty, mischiefs of licentiousness, benefits arising from\\ngood laws and a due execution of justice, c. Thus may the first princi-\\nples of sound politics be fixed in the minds of youth. On historical occa-\\nsions, questions of right and wrong, justice and injustice, will naturally\\narise, and may be put to youth, which they may debate in conversation\\nand in writing. Public disputes warm the imagination, whet\\nthe industry, and strengthen the natural abilities.\\nAnd of the ancient languages, hear how the master in\\nEnglish writes\\nWhen youth are told, that the great men, whose lives and actions\\nthey read in history, spoke two of the best languages that ever were, the\\nmost expressive, copious, beautiful and that the finest writings, the most\\ncorrect compositions, the most perfect productions of human wit and wis-\\ndom, are in those languages, which have endured for ages, and will endure\\nwhile there are men; that no translation can do them justice, or give the\\npleasure found in reading the originals that those languages contain all\\nscience; that one of them is become almost universal, being the language\\nof learned men in all countries that to understand them is a distinguish-\\ning ornament c., c., they may be thereby made desirous of learning\\nthose languages, and their industry sharpened in the acquisition of them.\\nAll intended for divinity, should be taught the Latin and Greek for physic,\\nthe Latin, Greek, and French; for law, the Latin and French merchants,\\nthe French, German, and Spanish; and, though all should not be com-\\npelled to learn Latin, Greek, or the modern foreign languages, yet none\\nthat have an ardent desire to learn them should be refused; their English,\\narithmetic and other studies absolutely necessary, being at the same time\\nnot neglected. With the history of men, times, and nations,\\nshould be read at proper hours or days, some of the best histories of nature,\\nwhich would not only be delightful to youth, and furnish them with matter\\nfor their letters, c., as well as other history; but afterwards of great use\\nto them, whether they are merchants, handicrafts, or divines enabling\\nthe first the better to understand many commodities, drugs, c., the second\\nto improve his trade in handicraft by new mixtures, materials, c., and\\nthe last to adorn his discourses by beautiful comparisons, and strengthen\\nthem by new proofs of divine providence. The conversation of all will be\\nimproved by it, as occasions frequently occur of making natural observa-\\ntions, which are instructive, agreeable, and entertaining in almost all com-\\npanies. While they are reading natural history, might not a\\nlittle gardening, planting, grafting, inoculating, c., be taught and prac-\\ntised; and now and then excursions made to the neighboring plantations of\\nthe best farmers, their methods observed and reasoned upon for the infor-\\nmation of youth. The history of commerce, of the invention", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "40 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nof arts, rise of manufactures, progress of trade, change of its seats, with\\nthe reasons, causes, c. may also be made entertaining to youth, and will\\nbe useful to all.\\nAnd the concluding lines enforce yet higher aims\\nWith the whole should be constantly inculcated and cultivated that\\nbenignity of mind, which shows itself in searching for and seizing every\\nopportunity to serve and to oblige and is the foundation of what is called\\ngood breeding highly useful to the possessor, and most agreeable to all.\\nThe idea of what is true merit should also be often presented to youth,\\nexplained and impressed on their minds, as consisting in an inclination,\\njoined with an ability, to serve mankind, one s country, friends, and\\nfamily; which ability is, (with the blessing of God), to be acquired or\\ngreatly increased by true learning and should, indeed, be the great aim\\nand end of all learning.\\nIX.\\nBefore considering the result of the publication of these\\nProposals in the community, we may well take some note of the\\neducational facilities of the city at this period, the imperfections\\nof which led Franklin and his associates to formulate something\\non a higher plane and to establish a more enduring system.\\nBefore the advent of William Penn s colonists, the schooling of\\nthe young Swedes and Dutch was of a very simple character\\nthe systems which the first emigrants had the advantage of at\\nhome they seemed to have but little will and less opportunity to\\nenforce on the banks of the Delaware. Their faithful clergy\\ncould carry on the elementary branches among the younger\\nmembers of their flock, but their pastoral duties must take pre-\\ncedence. The advent of the Friends brought back more\\nenergy and more learning into the province, and the diligence\\nand thrift they displayed in all matters were equally felt in their\\ncare of the younger generation. Gabriel Thomas, in his His-\\ntorical Description of the Province of Pennsylvania, including an", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 41\\naccount of the City of Philadelphia, written in 1697, records,\\nIn the said city are several good schools of learning for youth,\\nin order to the attainment of arts and sciences, as also reading,\\nwriting, c. It may be without design that his following sen-\\ntence has it that here is to be had, on any day in the week,\\ntarts, pies, cakes, c., as his thoughts naturally would turn to\\nthe latter upon the consideration of children s schools and their\\nlunches. And later he says, the christian children born here\\nare generally well favored, and beautiful to behold and of\\nlawyers and physicans I shall say nothing, because this country is\\nvery peaceable and healthy; also jealousy among men is\\nhere very rare, nor are old maids to be met with for all com-\\nmonly marry before they are twenty years of age.\\nThe earliest Friends school of which we find mention is in\\nthe minutes of a Council held 26 December, 1683, at which\\nWilliam Penn was present, when\\nhaving taken into their serious consideration the great necessity there is\\nof a School Master for the instruction and sober education of youth in\\nthe town of Philadelphia, sent for Enoch Flower, an inhabitant of the\\nsaid town, who for twenty years past hath been exercised in that care and\\nimployment in England, to whom having communciated their minds, he\\nembraced it upon certain terms, [but this only included the rudiments of\\nan ordinary English education] for boarding a scholar, that is to say,\\ndiet, washing, lodging, and schooling, Ten pounds for one whole year\\n[But at a council held on the 17 January following,] it was proposed, that\\ncare be taken about the learning and instruction of youth, to wit a school\\nof arts and sciences.\\nFollowing these efforts came in 1689 the Friends Publick\\nSchool, founded by Charter in ye town and County of Philadel-\\nphia in Pensilvania, under William Penn s Charters of 1701,\\n1708, and 171 1, which confirmed the charter of 1697, granted\\nby William Markham, Lieutenant Governor, and which we\\nknow to this day as the Penn Charter School, whose reputation\\nin efficiency and success in imparting a good and true education\\nmake it rank with the best schools in the land. Its first teacher\\nwas a native of Aberdeen, and a graduate of the University of\\nhis native city, of which the first Provost of the College\\n.and Academy of Philadelphia had been a matriculate.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "42 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nGeorge Keith and William Smith both have left their\\nmark in the annals of Philadelphia but the former\\nmade for himself a stormy life and for his old associates\\nhere much contention. George Keith was born in 1638,\\nand at the University was a student while Gilbert Burnet,\\nBishop of Salisbury and five years his junior, was there he was\\noriginally a member of the Scotch Kirk, but afterwards em-\\nbraced the doctrines of the Friends of which he became a bold\\nand shining advocate, and who by his remarkable diligence\\nand industry in all parts of his ministerial office, rendered him-\\nself beloved of them all, especially the more inferior sort of\\npeople. In 1682 he came to America; in 1687 as Surveyor\\nhe was employed on the boundary line between East and West\\nJersey, and in 1689 came to Philadelphia to take charge of the\\nnew Public School. In less than two years time dissensions\\narose from his assuming conduct Proud describes him to\\nbe of a brittle temper, and over-bearing disposition of mind.\\nHis great confidence in his own superior abilities\\nseems to have been one, if not the chief, introductory cause of\\nthis unhappy dispute. Doubtless his confidence in Friends\\nviews was slackening, and his adherence to their peculiar ways\\nwas weakening, unknown to himself at first, and his strong will\\nlet loose became impatient at the Society s restraints. However\\nthis may be, he was disowned by them on 20 June, 1692. He,,\\nand those who clung to him, called themselves Christian\\nQuakers, and the others Apostates, and appealed to the Lon-\\ndon Yearly Meeting, but without avail, although he crossed the\\nocean to champion his own cause. Eventually he sought mem-\\nbership in the Church of England, and was ordained to her\\nministry in May, 1700. He was sent out to the colonies as a\\nMissionary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel,\\nwhere his zeal against the Friends equalled in force the zeal he\\nhad displayed on their behalf twenty years before. He re-\\nturned to England, and died in his living of Edburton in 17 16,\\n1 Gerard Croese, quoted in Collections P. E. Historical Society, 1837, p. xi.\\n2 History of Pennsylvania, i. 363.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 43\\nBishop Burnet said of his college mate^ he was esteemed the\\nmost learned man that ever was in that Sect he was well\\nversed both in the Oriental tongues, in Philosophy and Mathe-\\nmatics. Dr. Wickersham says his success was not great at\\nthe school, and his disappointment may have opened the door\\nfor his restlessness in the Society.\\nHe was succeeded by his usher, Thomas Makin, who con-\\ntinued in charge for many years. Franklin, in the Pennsylvania\\nGazette of 29 November, 1733, announces his death by drown-\\ning, and speaks of him as an ancient man, and formerly lived\\nvery well in this city, teaching a considerable school. His\\nDescriptlo Pennsylvanice, anno 1729, Proud gives us and also\\nfavors us with an EngHsh version. He refers to the Publick\\nSchool thus\\nHie in gymnafiis linguce docentur artes\\nIngenuce multis doctor ipse fui.\\nUna Schola hie alias etiam superemivet omnes\\nRomano Groeco quse doeet ore loqui.\\nThe charter of 1701 placed the management of this school\\nin the Monthly Meeting. That of 1708 took this from the\\nMeeting and gave it to fifteen discreet and rehgious persons of\\nthe people called Quakers as a Board of Overseers. James\\nLogan and Issac Norris were overseers when becoming Trustees\\nof the College and Academy, but their acceptance of this trust\\nin 1749 was deemed by the Friends inconsistent with their\\nduties as Overseers of the Publick School. The opening of the\\nnew College and Academy by a form of divine service and a set\\nsermon probably disqualified Friends from serving in its behalf,\\nor at least made their presence in its counsels not in accord Avith\\nthe Society s testimony. James Logan attended for the only\\ntime a meeting of the Trustees of the Academy on 26 Decem-\\nber, 1749. He had been from the outset an Overseer of the\\nPublick School, the minutes of which show him to have been\\nOne George Keith, a Scotchman with whom I had my first education at\\nAberdeen he had been thirty six years among them after he had been\\nabout thirty years in high esteem among them he was sent to Pensilvania (a colony\\nset up by Pen where they are very numerous) to have the chief direction of the\\neducation of their youth. History of My Own Times, ii. 248, 9.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "44 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nan infrequent attendant at their meetings, indeed he had not\\nbeen at any for nine years. His meeting with the Academy\\nTrustees could not be overlooked, and on 21 February, 175 i,\\nthe Overseers recorded a Minute, namely, inasmuch as James\\nLogan hath been for some time past by several Fitts of the Palsy\\nrendered quite incapable of any further service as an over-\\nseer, without any prospect of his recovery and as he some time\\nbefore his being so indispos d express d his declining the Trust,\\nas he could not give his attendance, it is therefore concluded to\\nchoose another in his place. On James Logan s death only a\\nfew months following, the vacancy in the Academy Board was\\nsupplied by electing his son-in-law, Isaac Norris, on 12 Novem-\\nber, 175 I. He likewise was an Oversee.! succeeding his Father\\nin the Board, but his attendance there was as rare as Logan s\\nand the Overseers at a meeting on 30 March, 1752 gave it as\\ntheir sense that\\nIsaac Norris having for several years past neglected attending the meetings\\nof this Board and having lately accepted of the Trusteeship of the Acade-\\nmy it is the opinion of this Board that it is necessary to enquire whether\\nhe still inclines to continue a member of this Corporation and if he does\\nto acquaint him, that it is expected and desired by us that he should dem-\\nonstrate his concern for promoting the Institution by attending of our\\nmeetings, and Joshua Comly and Samuel Preston Moore having at a\\nformer meeting undertaken to converse with him on this subject, the latter\\nof them is now reminded of it and desired to take an opportunity of doing\\nit before our next meeting.\\nThe only time Isaac Norris attended a meeting of the Academy\\nTrustees was on 11 August following, when the Trustees\\nvisited the Latin School and did no other Business. He re-\\nsigned this Trusteeship on 17 March, 1755, owing to his resi-\\ndence out of town and to his ailments in the meanwhile the\\nFriends dealt tenderly with him for his neglect of his Overseer-\\nship. And it is not until 6 March, 1756, that we find this dis-\\nposing Minute\\nIsaac Norris by the committee appointed to wait on him informed the\\nBoard of the satisfaction this account of the present state of the schools\\naffords him, and of his inclinations to promote the service of it which he is\\nwilling to manifest by any assistance he can give the master and occasion-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 45\\nally visiting the school and examining the scholars, but that as he is often\\nindisposed and lives out of town he cannot duly attend the meetings of the\\nBoard and therefore desires to resign his Trust and that the Board would\\nchose another Overseer in his place.\\nThe principal school building of the Overseers was on the\\nEast side of Fourth Street south of Chestnut, to this were\\nadded certain charity schools in different sections of the city.\\nThe usefulness of the Penn Charter School is greatly enlarged\\nto day by their increased means derived from the modern im-\\nprovements of their Fourth Street property. Nothing can be\\nadded here on the subject of early educational labors in our city\\nto Dr. Wickersham s History of Education in Pennsylvafiia,\\nwhich is a storehouse of information and an interesting record of\\nthe efforts of our forefathers to secure efficient training to the\\ncoming generations. There were other schools, of moderate\\ninfluence; Christ Church had its school building before 1709\\nwhere a plain education was furnished at moderate or at no\\ncost and some of the other churches labored in the same direc-\\ntion. But the Penn Charter School maintained the lead yet it\\ncould not have filled all the needs of the growing community,\\notherwise in 1749 Franklin s efforts for a school of broader\\nscope and higher aims could not so speedily have been organ-\\nized, and the aid secured by him of the leading Quaker citizens\\nin the town to further the project With all Franklin s friend-\\nship with the Friends, he realised the importance of establishing\\na school on a more catholic basis, in whose management all\\nclasses and all churches could have a reasonable representation.\\nThe faithful performance by the Overseers of the simple require-\\nments of their charter was all that could be asked of them, and\\nto this they were true but his foresight of the needs of the\\nfuture showed him plainly that no time now should be lost in\\nlaying the foundations of something larger and more elastic.\\nHarvard and Yale he had heard of and known in his earhest\\ndays; and the young college at Princeton had already graduated\\na Stockton and a Burnet, and among its matriculants were a\\nFrelinghuysen, a McClintock, a Scudder, and a Livermore.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nX.\\nSuch was the spirit and effect of FrankHn s Proposals, and\\nthe zeal and personal influence of its author, that the plan\\nreached consummation within a few weeks time. He tells us,\\nthe subscribers, to carry the project into immediate execution,\\nchose out of their number twenty-four trustees, and appointed\\nMr. Francis, then Attorney General, and myself, to draw up\\nconstitutions for the government of the academy. These con-\\nstitutions are worthy of entire perusal, as they embody a widely\\nuseful plan of education, and an admirable system of govern-\\nment. From their style in parts, we find good reason to think\\nthat Franklin s ideas were committed to the Attorney General\\nfor a fitting phraseology, but we miss the terseness and lucidity\\nof expression, though recognizing here and there his interline-\\nations, as for instance, where in the first section the English\\ntongue is to be taught grammatically we see Franklin adding\\nthe words and as a language, by which he would emphasize\\nhis sense of the importance of keeping our Mother tongue\\nforemost in the aims of the institution. Later on it will be seen\\nhow tenacious he was of this when other influences appeared to\\nbe making what he called the dead languages the principal aim\\nin the curriculum.\\nCONSTITUTIONS\\nOF THE\\nPUBLICK ACADEMY\\nIN THE\\nCITY OF PHILADELPHIA.\\nAs nothing can more effectually contribute to the Cultivation and\\nImprovement of a Country, the Wisdom, Riches and Strength, Virtue and\\nPiety, the Welfare and Happiness of a People, than a proper Education\\nof Youth, by forming their Manners, imbuing their tender Minds with\\nPrinciples of Rectitude and Morality, instructing them in the dead and\\nliving Languages, particularly their Mother Tongue, and all useful Branches\\nof liberal Arts and Science. For attaining these great and important\\nAdvantages, so far as the present State of our Infant Country will admit,\\nBigelow, i. 225.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 47\\nand laying a Foundation for Posterity to erect a Seminary of Learning more\\nextensive and suitable to their future Circumstances An Academy for\\nteaching the Latin and Greek Languages, the English Toftgue grammati-\\ncally, and as a Language, the most useful living foreign Languages, French,\\nGerman, and Spanish As matters of Erudition naturally flovi^ing from the\\nLanguages, History, Geography, Chronology, Logick and Rhetoric k\\nWriting, Arithnietick the several Branches of the Matheniaticks\\nNatural and Mechanic Philosophy Drawing in Perspective and every\\nother Part of Useful Learning and Knowledge, shall be set up, maintained\\nand have Continuance within the City of Philadelphia, in manner follow-\\ning. Twenty-four Persons, To wit, James Logan, Thomas Lawrence,\\nWilliam Allen, Johfi Iftglis, Tench Francis, William Masters, Lloyd\\nZachary, Samuel McCall, junior, Joseph Turner, Benjamin Franklin,\\nThojnas Leech, William Shippeti, Robert Strettell, Philip Syng, diaries\\nWilling, Phineas Bond, Richard Peters, Abraham Taylor, Thotnas Bond,\\nThomas Hopkinson, William Plumstead, Joshua Maddox, Thomas White,\\nand William Coleman, of the City of Philadelphia, shall be Trustees to\\nbegin and carry into Execution this good and pious Undertaking, who\\nshall not for any Services by them as Trustees performed, claim or receive\\nany Reward or Compensation which number shall always be continued,\\nbut never exceeded, upon any Motive whatever.\\nWhen any Trustee shall remove his Habitation far from the City of\\nPhiladelphia, reside beyond Sea, or die, the remaining Trustees shall with\\nall convenient speed, proceed to elect another, residing in or near the\\nCity, to fill the Place of the absenting or deceased Person.\\nThe Trustees shall have general Conventions once in every Month,\\nand may, on special Occasions, meet at other Times on Notice, at some\\nconvenient Place, within the City of Philadelphia, to transact the Business\\nincumbent on them and shall, in the Gazette, advertize the Time and\\nPlace of their general Conventions.\\nNothing shall be transacted by the Trustees, or under their Author-\\nity, alone, unless the same be voted by a Majority of their whole Number,\\nif at a general Convention and if at a special Meeting, by a like Majority,\\nupon personal Notice given to each Trustee, at least one Day before, to\\nattend.\\nThe Trustees shall at their first Meeting elect a President for One\\nYear, whose particular Duty it shall be, when present, to regulate their\\nDebates, and state the proper Questions arising from them, and to order\\nNotices to be given of the Times and Places of their special Conventions.\\nAnd the like Election shall be annually made, at their first Meeting, after\\nthe Expiration of each Year.\\nThe Trustees shall annually choose one of their own Members for a\\nTreasurer, who shall receive all Donations, and Money due to them, and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "48 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ndisburse and lay out the same, according to their Orders and at the end\\nof each Year, pay the Sum remaining in his Hands to his Successor.\\nAll Contracts and Assurances for Payment of Money to them, shall\\nbe made in the name of the Treasurer for the Time being, and declared to\\nbe in Trust for the Use of the Trustees.\\nThe Trustees may appoint a Clerk, whose Duty in particular it shall\\nbe, to attend them in their general and special Conventions, to give Notice\\nin Writing to the Members, of the Time, Place and Design of any special\\nMeetings to register all their Proceedings, and extract a State of their\\nAccounts annually, to be published in the Gazette for which they may\\npay him such Salary as they shall think reasonable.\\nThe Trustees shall, with all convenient Speed, after signing these\\nConstitutions, contract with any Person that offers, who they shall judge\\nmost capable, of teaching the Latin and Greek Languages, History, Geog-\\nraphy, Chronology and Rhetorick having great Regard at the same Time\\nto his Polite Speaking^ Writing, and Understanding the English Tongue\\nwhich Person shall in Fact be, and shall be stiled, the Rector of the\\nAcademy.\\nThe Trustees may contract with the Rector for the Term of Five\\nYears, or less, at their Discretion, for the Sum of Two Hinidred Pounds a\\nYear.\\nThe Rector shall be obliged, without the Assistance of any Tutor, to\\nteach twenty scholars, the Latiti and Greek Languages, and at the same\\nTime, according to the best of his Capacity, to instruct them in History,\\nGeography, Chronology, Logick, Rhetorick, and the English Tongtie and\\nTwenty-five Scholars more for every Usher provided for him, who shall be\\nentirely subject to his Direction.\\nThe Rector shall upon all Occasions, consistent with his Duty in the\\nLatin School, assist the English Master, in improving the Youth under his\\nCare, and superintend the Instruction of all the Scholars in the other\\nBranches of Learning, taught within the Academy and see that the Masters\\nin each Art and Science perform their Duties.\\nThe Trustees shall, with all convenient Speed, contract with any\\nPerson that offers, who they shall judge most capable, of teaching the\\nEnglish Tongue grammatically, and as a Language, Histoty, Geography,\\nChronology, Logick and Oratory which Person shall be stiled the English\\nMaster.\\nThe Trustees may contract with the English Master for the Term of\\nFive Years, or less, at their Discretion, for the Sum of One Hundred\\nPounds a Year.\\nThe English Master shall be obliged, without the Assistance of any\\nTutor, to teach Forty Scholars the English Totigue grammatically,\\nand as a Language and at the same Time, according to the best of his", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 49\\nCapacity, to instruct them in History, Geography, Chronology, Logick, and\\nOratory and Sixty Scholars more for every Tutor provided for him.\\nThe Tutors for the Latin and Greek School, shall be admitted, and\\nat Pleasure removed, by the Trustees and the Rector, or a majority of\\nthem.\\nThe Tutors for the English School, shall be admitted, and at Pleas-\\nure removed, by the Trustees and the English Master, or a majority of them.\\nThe Trustees shall contract with each Tutor, to pay him what they\\nshall judge proportionable to his Capacity and Merit.\\nNeither the Rector, nor English Master shall be removed, unless\\ndisabled by sickness, or other natural Infirmity, or for gross voluntary\\nNeglect of Duty, continued after two Admonitions from the Trustees, or\\nfor committing infamous Crimes and such Removal be voted by three\\nFourths of the Trustees after which their Salaries respectively shall cease.\\nThe Trustees shall, with all convenient speed, endeavour to engage\\nPersons capable of teaching the French, Spanish, and German Languages,\\nWrititig, AritJunetick, the several Branches of the Mathematicks, Natural\\nand Mechanic Philosophy, and Drawing who shall give their Attendance,\\nas soon as a sufficient Number of Scholars shall offer to be instructed in\\nthose Parts of Learning and be paid such Salaries and Rewards, as the\\nTrustees shall from Time to Time be able to allow.\\nEach Scholar shall pay such Sum or Sums, quarterly, according to\\nthe particular Branches of Learning they shall desire to be taught, as the\\nTrustees shall from Time to Time settle and appoint.\\nNo Scholar shall be admitted, or taught within the Academy, without\\nthe Consent of the major Part of the Trustees in Writing, signed with their\\nNames.\\nIn Case of the Disability of the Rector, or any Master established on\\nthe Foundation, by receiving a certain Salary, through sickness, or any\\nother natural Infirmity, whereby he may be reduced to Poverty, the Trus-\\ntees shall have Power to contribute to his Support, in Proportion to his\\nDistress and Merit, and the Stock in their Hands.\\nFor the Security of the Trustees, in contracting with the Rector,\\nMasters and Tutors to enable them to provide and fit up Convenient\\nSchools furnish them with Books of general Use, that may be too expen-\\nsive for each Scholar Maps, Draughts, and other Things, generally neces-\\nsary, for the Improvement of the Youth and to bear the incumbent\\nCharges that will unavoidably attend this Undertaking, especially in the\\nBeginning the Donations of all Persons inchned to encourage it, are to\\nbe chearfuUy and thankfully accepted.\\nThe Academy shall be open d with all convenient speed, by Accept-\\ning the first good Master that offers, either for teaching the Latin and\\nGreek or English, under the Terms above proposed.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "50 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAll Rules for the Attendance and Duty of the Masters, the Conduct\\nof the Youth, and the facilitating their Progress in Learning and Virtue,\\nshall be framed by the Masters, in Conjunction with the Trustees.\\nIf the Scholars shall hereafter grow very numerous, and the Funds\\nbe sufficient, the Trustees may at their Discretion augment the Salaries of\\nthe Rector or Masters.\\nThe Trustees, to increase their Stock, may let their Money out at\\nInterest.\\nIn general, the Trustees shall have Power to dispose of all Money\\nreceived by them, as they shall think best for the Advantage, Promotion,\\nand even Enlargement of this design.\\nThe Trustees may hereafter add to or change any of these Constitu-\\ntions except that hereby declared to be invariable.\\nAll Trustees, Rectors, Masters, Tutors, Clerks, and other Ministers,\\nhereafter to be elected or appointed, for carrying this Undertaking into\\nExecution, shall, before they be admitted to the Exercise of their respective\\nTrusts or Duties, sign these Cojtstitutiofis, or some others to be hereafter\\nframed by the Trustees in their stead, in Testimony of their then approving\\nof, and resolving to observe them.\\nUpon the Death or Absence as aforesaid of any Trustee, the remain-\\ning Trustees shall not have Authority to exercise any of the Powers reposed\\nin them, until they have chosen a new Trustee in his Place, and such new\\nTrustee shall have signed the established Constitittions which if he shall\\nrefuse to do, they shall proceed to elect another, and so toties quoties, until\\nthe Person elected shall sign the Constitutions.\\nWhen the Fund is sufficient to bear the charge, which it is hoped\\nthro the Bounty and Charity of well disposed Persons, will soon come to\\npass, poor children shall be admitted, and taught gratis, what shall be\\nthought suitable to their capacities and circumstances.\\nIt is hoped and expected, that the Trustees will make it their Pleas-\\nure, and in some Degree their Business, to visit the Academy often, to\\nencourage and countenance the Youth, countenance and assist the Masters,\\nand, by all Means in their Power, advance the Usefulness and Reputation\\nof the Design that they will look on the Students as, in some Measure,\\ntheir own Children, treat them with Familiarity and Affection; and when\\nthey have behaved well, gone thro their Studies, and are to enter the\\nWorld, they shall zealously unite, and make all the Interest that can be\\nmade, to promote and establish them, whether in Business, Offices, Mar-\\nriages, or any other Thing for their Advantage, preferable to all other\\nPersons whatsoever, even of equal merit.\\nThe Trustees shall in a Body visit the Academy once a year extraor-\\ndinary, to view and hear the Performances and Lectures of the Scholars,\\nin such Modes, as their respective Masters shall think proper, and shall", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 51\\nhave Power, out of their Stock, to make Presents to the most meritorious\\nScholars, according to their several Deserts.\\nThe fourtee7ith Day of November, in the Year of our Lord, One\\nThousand Seven Hundred and Forty-nine\\nFOR the Encouragement of this useful, good and charitable Under-\\ntaking, to enable the Trustees and their Successors to begin, promote, con-\\ntinue and enlarge the same, humbly hoping, thro the Favour of Almighty\\nGod, and the Bounty and Patronage of pious and well-disposed Persons,\\nthat it may prove of great and lasting Benefit to the present and future\\nrising Generations We the subscribers do promise to pay to William\\nColemati, the Treasurer, elected according to the above Constitutions, or\\nto his Successor or Successors for the Time being, the several sums of\\nMoney by us respectively subscribed to be paid, at the Times in our Sub-\\nscriptions respectively mentioned. Witness our Hands.\\nPer Annum, for Five Years.\\nJames Hamilton, Fifty Pounds, .^50 00 00\\nThomas Lawrettce, Fifteen Pounds, 15 00 00\\nJoseph Turner, Twenty Pounds, 20 00 00\\nWilliam Allen, Seventy-five Pounds, 75 00 00\\nWilliam Masters, Twenty Pounds, 20 00 00\\nLloyd Zachary, Twenty Pounds, 20 00 00\\nWilliam Phmisted, Fifteen Pounds, 15 00 00\\nAbraham Taylor, Fifteen Pounds, 15 00 00\\nSamuel M Call, Junior, Fifteen Pounds, 15 00 00\\nJohn Inglis, Ten Pounds, 10 00 00\\nCharles Willing, Fifteen Pounds, 15 00 00\\nThojnas Bond, Fifteen Pounds, 15 00 00\\nTench Francis, Ten Pounds, 10 00 00\\nWilliam Shippen, Ten Pounds, 10 00 00\\nBenjamin Franklin, Ten Pounds, 10 00 00\\nPhineas Bond, Ten Pounds, 10 00 00\\nWilliam Coleman, Ten Pounds, 10 00 00\\nRichard Peters, Ten Pounds 10 00 00\\nJoshua Maddox, Ten Pounds, 10 00 00\\nRobert Strettell, Ten Pounds, 10 00 00\\nPhilip Syjtg, Six Pounds, 6 00 00\\nThomas Leech, Six Pounds 6 00 00\\nThomas White, Six Pounds, 6 00 00", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "52 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nOn Monday, 13 November, 1749, nineteen of the Trustees\\nhad assembled for due organization, but of the place of their\\nmeeting we are not told. The first Minute recites\\nOn the thirteenth day of November in the year of our Lord one thou-\\nsand seven hundred forty and nine, the following persons, to wit, Thomas\\nLawrence, William Allen, John Inglis, Tench Francis, William Masters,\\nLloyd Zachary, Samuel M Call, Jun Joseph Turner, Benjamin Franklin,\\nThomas Leech, William Shippen, Robert Strettell, Philip Syng, Charles\\nWilling, Phineas Bond, Richard Peters, Abraham Taylor, Thomas Bond,\\nand Thomas Hopkinson, met, and having read and approved of the fore-\\ngoing Constitutions, signed them with their names, and thereby took upon\\nthemselves the execution of the Trusts in those Constitutions expressed.\\nWhereupon Mr Benjamin Franklin was elected President and Mr\\nWilliam Coleman Treasurer for the ensuing year.\\nThe five remaining Trustees, namely James Logan, William\\nPlumsted, Joshua Maddox, Thomas White, and William Cole-\\nman, appeared at the next meeting, which did not occur until\\n26 December, and signed the Constitutions. This was the only\\nmeeting ot the Trustees attended by James Logan, although he\\nremained a Trustee until his death two years later his absences,\\nbefore referred to, were due to declining years and ill health and\\nnot from want of interest in a work whose character he was in\\nsympathy with and whose propounder he warmly supported.\\nHere we can quote Proud s reference to the two greater\\nor public seminaries of Philadelphia, at this time, as follows\\nBesides the numerous private Schools, for the education of youth, in\\nthis city, there are two public seminaries of learning, incorporated by\\ncharter, and provided with funds the first, in order of time, is that of the\\nQuakers, already mentioned in another place, incorporated by the first\\nProprietor, William Penn The second is the College\\nand Academy of Philadelphia, of a much later standing, and not existing\\nas such, before the year 1749 but greatly improved of late years and is\\nlikely, if its present prudent management be continued, to become here-\\nafter, the most considerable of the kind, perhaps, in British America the\\ncorporation consists of twenty four members, called Trustees they have a\\nlarge commodious building, on the West Side of Fourth Street, near Mul-\\nberry Street, where the different branches of learning and science are\\ntaught, in the various parts of the institution.\\nHislory of Pennsylvania^ ii. 281. 1st edition, 1797.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 53\\nXI\\nBefore we enter upon the further proceedings of the Trus-\\ntees, let us inform ourselves upon the men, in their personal or\\npublic characters, who now took upon themselves this Trust,\\nand who laid upon strong foundations an edifice of learning\\nwhose history their well matured plans make it worth our while\\nto pursue through these its earliest years. In enumerating them\\nwe follow the order of their precedence which was observed in\\nthe deed of conveyance to them of the Tenth street property in\\n1750 and followed in their first minutes; in the conve3 ance\\nthey are thus recited and described\\nJames Logan, Esquire Robert Strettell, Esquire\\nThomas Lawrence, Esquire Philip Syng, Silversmith\\nWilliam Allen, Esquire Charles Wihing, Esquire\\nJohn Inglis, Merchant Phineas Bond, Practitioner\\nTench Francis, Esquire in Physic\\nWilliam Masters, Esquire Richard Peters, Esquire\\nLloyd Zachary, Practitioner Abraham Taylor, Esquire\\nin Physic Thomas Bond, Practitioner\\nSamuel M Call, jr. Merchant in Physic\\nJoseph Turner, Esquire Thomas Hopkinson, Esquire\\nBenjamin Franklin, Printer William Plumsted, Esquire\\nThomas Leech, Merchant Joshua Maddox, Esquire\\nWilliam Shippen, Practitioner Thomas White, Esquire\\nin Physic William Coleman, Merchant\\nJames Logan, born in Ireland in 1674 of honorable Scotch\\nlineage, was now seventy-five years of age, and the foremost\\nman in the province, eminent in public life, and a faithful\\nadherent of the dominant religion. He had been the patient\\n1 1 am greatly indebted in compiling the personal notices of many of the\\nTrustees to that admirable compendium of local biography and genealogy The Pro-\\nvincial Councillors of Pennsylvania by Mr. Charles Penrose Keith of the class of\\n1873. foi records of civic and judicial life, reference is also made to Mr. John\\nHill Martin s Bench and Bar of Philadelphia.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "54 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nSecretary to William Penn who later made him Provincial Sec-\\nretary, Commissioner of Property, and Receiver General. He\\nalso in turn was Recorder of the City of Philadelphia, Presiding\\nJudge of Common Pleas, Chief Justice of the Province, and as\\nPresident of the Council between the death of Governor Gordon\\nin 1736 and the arrival of Governor Thomas in 1738 he gov-\\nerned the province. Fidelity, integrity, and disinterestedness\\nwere eminently conspicuous in his character, which was indeed\\nof that sterling worth that needs no meretricious ornament.\\nMr. J. Francis Fisher says of him,\\nA history of James Logan s public life would be that of Pennsylvania\\nduring the first forty years of the last century. Venerating William Penn,\\nwith whose noble and generous nature he was well acquainted, he stood up\\nat all times in his defence against the encroachments of the Assembly\\nand, if he forfeited his popularity, and endured calumny and persecution,\\nhe preserved his fidelity, the confidence of his employers, and the respect\\nof all good men. Weary of the burden of public office, he retired in 1738\\nfrom all his salaried employments, remaining only a short time longer a\\nmember of the Provincial Council. At his estate, called Stenton, near\\nGermantown, he passed in retirement the remainder of his days, devoted\\nto agriculture and his favorite studies\\nAt an early age he showed great proficiency in classics,\\ncomprehending Latin, Greek and Hebrew before he was thirteen\\nyears of age. His leisure days after his retirement from public\\nconcern found ample employment in his classical studies as well\\nas his interests in matters of science. His rare collection\\nof books he left a legacy to the public, such at least was his\\nintention and his children after his death fulfilled his bequest,\\nand these testify to his wide reading and general knowledge. It\\nwas while the humble glazier, Thomas Godfrey, was working at\\nDeborah Logan in Penn and Logan Correspondence^ i. liv.\\n3 Contributed to Sparks, vii. 25, and copied by Bigelow, ii. 94. Mr. Fisher\\nwas a descendant through his father from James Logan, and through his mother from\\ntwo other Trustees, Tench Francis and Charles Willing. He was a graduate of\\nHarvard in 1825 as was also his cousin Dr. Charles Willing. See a letter addressed\\nto them while at Harvard by Bishop White 25 October, 1S22. A/emoir by Wilson,\\np. 414. Mr. Fisher was a member of the American Philosophical Society and a\\nVice President of the Pennsylvania Historical Society he died 21 January, 1873\\naged 67 years.\\nDeborah Logan P. L. Corres. i. Iv.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 55\\nStenton and had his thoughtful attention drawn by a falling piece\\nof glass, that there sprang up in his mind the ideas of the Quad-\\nrant, which he first imparted to Logan, who found him immedi-\\nately after this incident in his library consulting a volume of New-\\nton to aid him in elucidating his thoughts and it was due to\\nLogan s help in furthering his experiments, that success was\\nreached and due honor granted Godfrey as the inventor of the\\nQuadrant, preceding by two years the claim of Hadley to the\\ndiscovery,^\\nLogan was a staunch Friend but he could not fully share\\nin the Society s absolute views on non resistance and quite\\nconsistently he not only took an interest in but also contributed to\\nthe Association which Franklin in 1747 originated for the defence\\nof the city against foreign invasion which was then feared, and\\nfor which the Friends, then controlHng the Assembly, would\\nappropriate no funds. Logan writes to Franklin 3 December,\\n1747\\nI have expected to see thee here for several weeks, according to my\\nson s information, with EucHd s title page printed, and my Mattaire s Lives\\nof the Stephenses but it is probable thy thoughts of thy new excellent\\nproject have in some measure diverted thee, to which I most heartily wish\\nall possible success. Ever since I have had the power of think-\\ning, I have clearly seen that government without arms is an inconsistency,\\nfor Friends spare no pains to get and accumulate estates, and are yet\\nagainst defending them, though these very estates are in a great measure\\nthe sole cause of their being invaded, as I showed to our Yearly Meeting,\\nlast September was six years, in a paper then printed But I request to be\\ninformed, as soon as thou hast any leisure, what measures are proposed to\\nfurnish small arms, powder, and ball to those in the country and particu-\\nlarly what measures are taken to defend our river, especially at the Red\\nBank, on the Jersey side, and on our own, where there ought not to be less\\nthan forty guns, from six to twelve pounders. What gunners are to be\\ndepended on Thy project of a lottery to clear ^3000. is excellent, and\\nI hope it will be speedily filled nor shall I be wanting. But thou wilt\\nanswer all these questions and much more, if thou wilt visit me here, as on\\nFirst day, to dine with me, and thou wilt exceedingly oblige thy very loving-\\nfriend, James Logan.\\nDeborah Logan P. L. Corres. i. liv. Sparks, vii. 24.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "56 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nTo which in a letter written next day Franklin repHed\\nI am heartily glad you approve of our proceedings. i\\nhave not time to write larger, nor to wait on you till next week. In general\\nall goes well, and there is a surprising unanimity in all ranks. Near eight\\nhundred have signed the association, and more are signing hourly. One\\ncompany of Dutch is complete.\\nIn his autobiography he says Mr. Logan put into my\\nhands Sixty pounds to be laid out in lottery tickets for the bat-\\ntery, with directions to apply what prizes might be drawn wholly\\nto that service.\\nLogan s classical studies were not intermitted during his\\npublic career, for it was in 1734 he undertook his well known\\ntranslation of Cicero s De Senectute, which with explanatory Notes\\nwas published for him by Franklin in 1744. Franklin makes a\\npreface to the book, entitled the printer to the reader, and\\nsays\\nsome friends, among whom I had the honor to be ranked, obtained\\ncopies of it in MS. And, as I believed it to be in itself equal at least, if\\nnot far preferable to any other translation of the same piece extant in our\\nlanguage, besides the advantage it has of so many valuable notes, which\\nat the same time they clear up the text, are highly instructive and enter-\\ntaining, I resolved to give it an impression, being confident that the public\\nwould not unfavorably receive it.\\nHe closed by adding\\nhis hearty wish that this first translation of a classic in this Western World\\nmay be followed with many others, performed with equal judgment and\\nsuccess and be a happy omen, that Philadelphia shall become the seat of\\nthe American muses.\\nHad Franklin known of George Sandy s translation of\\nOvid s Metamorphoses, in Virginia when Treasurer of that\\ncolony, more than a centur}^ before, he would not have claimed\\nfor Logan the honor of making the first American translation of\\na classic, but while that was the first English literary produc-\\ntion penned in America, at least which has any rank or name\\nin the general history of literature, it was printed in London in\\n1626, and it may be claimed for Logan that his was the first\\nAmerican print of such a translation. Other translations of\\nBigelow, ii. 94. Ibid, i. 219. Duyckinck, i, 1,77.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 57\\nLogan from the ancient and essays on matters of practical\\nimport testify to his learning and industry. With such training\\nand tastes he would naturally welcome any effort to secure and\\nextend the advantages of learning to the young generations\\naround him, and having confidence in Franklin s executive\\nability to carry to maturity any scheme he would formulate in\\nfurtherance of this, and reliance on his practical judgment, he\\nnaturally gave his interest and influence to it and his name\\nheading the new trust in compliance with Franklin s desire, was\\nin itself an augury of success to the enterprise. Logan writes\\nto Peter Collinson in London i July 1749, Benjamin Franklin\\nhas been here to day, to show me some new curiosities in elec-\\ntricity, but the weather was too warm and moist. And on 20\\nOctober\\nour most ingenious printer and postmaster, Benjamin Franklin, has\\nthe clearest understanding, with as extreme modesty as any man I know\\nhere. Thou hast seen several of his pieces on electricity, wherein he\\nalmost excels you all.\\nHis practical interest in the new Academy was evidenced\\nin his early offer to the Trustees of the gift of a lot of ground\\non Sixth Street to erect an Academy upon, provided it should\\nbe built within the Term of Fourteen Years. This lot was\\nopposite the State House Square, probably immediately North\\nof the building for his Library which Logan had before this date\\nerected on the northwest corner of Walnut and Sixth Streets, at\\nthat time considered out of town. To this however\\nthe President was desired to acquaint Mr. Logan [at the meeting of 26\\nDecember] that the Trustees had a most grateful sense of his regard to the\\nIn a note to the Proposals of 1 749, Franklin refers to this Library, viz\\nBesides the English Library begun and carried on by subscription in Philadelphia,\\nwe may expect the Benefit of another much more valuable in the Learned Languages,\\nwhich has been many years collecting with the greatest Care, by a Gentleman dis-\\ntinguish d for his Universal Knowledge, no less than for his Judgment in Books.\\nIt contains many hundred Volumes of the best Authors in the best Editions, among\\nwhich are, A handsome Building about 60 feet in front, is now erected\\nin this city, at the private Expense of that Gentleman, for the Reception of this\\nLibrary, where it is soon to be deposited, and remain for the publick use with a\\nvaluable yearly Income duly to enlarge it and I have his Permission to mention it\\nas an Encouragement to the propos d Academy to which this noble Benefaction\\nwill doubtless be of the greatest Advantage, as not only the Students, but even the\\nMasters themselves, may very much improve by it. Proposals, p. 8.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "58 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAcademy, but as the New Building was in all respects better suited to\\ntheir present circumstances and future views, they could only return him\\ntheir sincere thanks for his kind and generous offer.\\nIn his late years he suffered from ill health, and on 3 1 October,\\n1 75 1 he died at Stenton. The new Trustee selected in his\\nplace was Isaac Norris, his son-in-law.\\nFranklin s obituary to him which appeared in the Pennsyl-\\nvania Gazette of 7 November fittingly records his estimation of\\nthe man who was first in the list of the Trustees of the Academy\\nThursday last, after a long Indisposition, died the honourable James\\nLogan, Esq. in the 77th Year of his Age, and on Saturday his Remains\\nwere decently interr d, in the Friends Burying ground in this city, the\\nFuneral being respectfully attended by the principal Gentlemen and In-\\nhabitants of Philadelphia and the neighbouring Country. His Life was\\nfor the most Part a Life of Business, tho he had always been passionately\\nfond of study. He had borne the Several Offices of Provincial Secretary,\\nCommissioner of Property, Chief Judge of the Supreme Court, and for near\\ntwo Years govern d the Province as President of the Council, in all which\\npublick Stations, as well as in private Life, he behav d with unblemish d\\nIntegrity But some Years before his Death he retired from publick\\nAffairs to Stenton his Country Seat, where he enjoy d among his Books\\nthat Leisure which Men of Letters so earnestly desire. He was thoroughly\\nversed both in ancient and modern Learning, acquainted with the oriental\\nTongues, a Master of the Greek and Latin, French and Italian Languages,\\ndeeply skilled in the Mathematical Sciences, and in Natural and Mora^\\nPhilosophy, as several Pieces of his writing witness, which have been\\nrepeatedly printed in Divers Parts of Europe, and are highly esteemed by\\nthe Learned, But the most noble Monument of his Wisdom, Publick\\nSpirit, Benevolence and affectionate Regard to the People of Pennsylvania\\nis his Library which he has been collecting these 50 Years past, with\\nthe greatest Care and Judgment, intending it a Benefaction to the Publick\\nfor the Increase of Knowledge, and for the common Use and Benefit of all\\nLovers of Learning. It contains the best Editions of the best Books in\\nvarious Languages, Arts and Sciences, and is without Doubt the largest,\\nand by far the most valuable Collection of the Kind in this Part of the\\nWorld, and will convey the name of Logan thro ages with Honour, to the\\nlatest posterity.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 59\\nThomas Lawrence was born in New York 4 September,\\n1689, the grandson of Thomas Laurenszen, whose arrival in\\nNew York in 1662 and marriage in the year following are found\\nin the records of the Old Dutch Church, where is also the record\\nof Thomas baptism on 8 September, 1689. He appears to have\\nsettled in Philadelphia about the year 1720, shortly after his\\nmarriage. He here entered into mercantile life, James Logan\\nmentioning him as associated with him in shipping, and in 1730\\nhe became partner of Edward Shippen, the elder brother of\\nDr. William Shippen, and who was later known as Edward\\nShippen of Lancaster, whither he removed about 1752, the\\nfirm being Shippen Lawrence. He was elected a Common\\nCouncilman 3 October, 1722, an Alderman 6 October, 1724,\\nand Mayor of the City in 1728, 1734, 1749, and 1753, during\\nwhich last incumbency he died. Governor Gordon called him\\nto a seat in the Provincial Council in April 1727, but he did not\\nqualify until 10 May 1728. In September, 1745 he was deputed\\none of the Commissioners from Pennsylvania to treat with the\\nSix Nations at Albany. When Franklin declined the Lieutenant\\nColonelcy of the Philadelphia Association, he recommended, his\\nautobiography tells us, Mr. Lawrence, a fine person, and a\\nman of influence, who was accordingly appointed. He was\\nfor some time Judge of the County Court and in 172 1 and 22\\na Warden of Christ Church. He was a frequent attendant on\\nthe meetings of the Trustees, rarely missing one in their first\\ntwo years, notwithstanding his business engagements and his\\nmanifold public duties, in those securing a handsome prop-\\nerty for his children and in these a constantly widening\\nreputation and influence. The last meeting of the Trustees he\\nattended was on 17 November, 1753. He died 21 April, 1754,\\nand was buried in the Family Vault in Christ Church Burying\\nGround, not far from the spot where the remains of Franklin\\nwere laid thirty-five years later. We can read the latter s author-\\nship in the obituary notice on him which appeared in the Pcjin-\\nsylvania Gazette on 25 April, 1754.\\nLast Sunday, after a tedious fit of Sickness, died here, very much\\n11 Bigelow, i. 214.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "6o History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nlamented, Thomas Lawrence, Esq. He had the Honour to be a Member\\nof the Council of this Province, was President of the Court of Common\\nPleas for the County of Philadelphia, had been five times elected Mayor\\nof this City, and in the enjoyment of these Offices ended his life. Charac-\\nters are extremely delicate, and few or none drawn with Exactness and\\nat Length, are free of Blemish. Of this Gentleman we think it may be\\ntruly said, he was an affectionate Husband, a tender Parent, a kind indul-\\ngent Master, and a faithful Friend. The Funeral was respectfully attended\\non Tuesday Evening by a great number of the principal Inhabitants of the\\nPlace, who justly regret the Death of so able and diligent a Magistrate as\\na public loss.\\nBut the same hand did not write the Epitaph on his Tomb\\nStone, namely\\nIn Memory of\\nThomas Lawrence, Esq\\nAn eminent Merchant\\nA faithful Counsellor\\nAn active Magistrate\\nOf Pennsylvania\\nWhose private virtues endeared him to his family and friends\\nWhose public conduct gained him respect and esteem.\\nExpecting everlasting life he ended this\\nDuring his ninth Mayorality of this city\\nthe 25th day of April MDCCLIHI.\\nAged 64 years\\nMr. Lawrence married at Raritan 25 May, 17 19, his kins-\\nwoman Rachel, daughter of Cornehus Longfield of New Bruns-\\nwick whose daughter Catherine married John Cox, and their\\nson John Cox of Bloomsbury became father in law to Hon.\\nHorace Binney and John Redman Coxe, M. D. Of the chil-\\ndren of Thomas and Rachel Lawrence, the eldest Thomas was\\ntwice Mayor of the City, in 1758 and 1764; the second, John,\\nwas Mayor from 1765 to 1767, and in the latter year was\\nappointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1750 married\\nthe daughter of Tench Francis, a Trustee of the Academy and\\nCollege and their daughter Mary married a few months after her\\nfather s death William Masters, also a Trustee. It was she\\nwho, when the Widow Masters her husband had died in 1760\\nbuilt the house on the south side of Market Street below Sixth,\\nwhich her son-in-law, Richard Penn the Councillor, Sir William", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 6i\\nHowe during the occupation of the city by the British, and\\nBenedict Arnold successively occupied, and on the site of which\\nRobert Morris built the house in which Washington resided\\nduring his Presidency.\\nMr. Lawrence s place in the Board was filled by the elec-\\ntion at the September meeting of the Hon. James Hamilton,\\nGovernor of the Province. He had been a faithful attendant at\\nits meetings; the last one he attended was on 17 November,.\\n1753, just prior to his fatal illness.\\nWilliam Allen was born in Philadelphia, 5 August, 1704,\\nthe son of William Allen a merchant in that city and a native of\\nIreland who married about 1700, Mary daughter of Thomas\\nBudd. Mrs. Allen s sister Rose became the wife of Joseph\\nShippen and step mother to Dr. William Shippen. His father\\nbrought William up to the study of law, and at the time of his\\ndeath in 1725, the son appears to have been in London pursuing\\nthese studies.\\nThe father s death, however, hastened his return home, for\\nwe find him in Philadelphia prior to September 1726, as his\\nsignature appears to the agreement of the merchants and chief\\ncitizens to take the money of the Lower Counties at their face\\nvalue. He now engaged in trade, relinquishing the Law. He\\nwas elected a Common Councilman of Philadelphia 3 October,\\n1727. In 1 73 1 he became a member of the Assembly, serving\\nuntil 1739. In 1730 he secured property for the new State\\nHouse on Chestnut Street between Fifth and Sixth Streets, his\\nfather-in-law Andrew Hamilton, Thomas Lawrence, and Dr.\\nJohn Kearsley being the Trustees of the State House fund he\\nadvanced money for the purchase of certain of the lots, taking\\nthe title in his own name until the Province reimbursed him.\\nIn 1732 the building appears to have been begun.\\nHe was chosen Mayor of the city in October, 1735 a^^d at\\nthe close of his term, in the Hall of Assembly now just finished,\\nhe opened by a collation customary from the outgoing Mayor.\\nThis must have been had in one of the lower rooms, the upper\\nstory not being yet completed. Franklin gives us a participant s.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "62 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\naccount of this notable feast in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 30\\nSeptember, 1736\\nThursday last William Allen, Esq., Mayor of this city for the year\\npast made a Feast for his citizens at the Statehouse, to which all the\\nStrangers in Town of Note were also invited. Those who are Judges of\\nsuch Things say That considering the Delicacy of the Viands, the\\nExcellency of the Wines, the great Number of Guests, and yet the Easiness\\nand Order with which the Whole was conducted, it was the most grand\\nand the most elegant Entertainment that has been made in these Parts of\\nAmerica.\\nMr. Allen became the partner of Joseph Turner, also with\\nhim a Trustee of the Academy, and in his business he was very\\nsuccessful and amassed a fortune which was enlarged by fortu-\\nnate land investments. He was appointed Recorder of Deeds\\nby the Common Council, 7 August, 1 741, succeeding therein his\\nfather-in-law Andrew Hamilton who had died 4 August. In the\\nlocal struggle to secure proper appropriations from the Quaker\\nAssembly to put the colony in a state of defence against threat-\\nened enemies, for the war of England with Spain promised to\\ninvolve the American provinces in its issues, Allen became the\\nhead of the anti-Quaker party, but the result of what was long\\nknown as the bloody election of 1742 was the return of the\\nleader of the other party, Isaac Norris, to the Assembly but as\\nRecorder he could maintain the policy of the city in support of\\nthe Governor in his struggle against Norris friends in the\\nAssembly. Yet, but seven years later, these two united in sup-\\nport of Franklin s efforts to establish the great educational insti-\\ntution he had been planning. He continued Recorder of the\\nCity, then an important judicial office, until 2 October, 1750,\\nwhen he resigned the office having been appointed Chief Justice\\nof the Supreme Court of the Province. He was the only\\nChief Justice before the Revolution who was a native of Penn-\\nsylvania, and the only one before or since excepting Shippen\\nand Sharswood who has been a native of Philadelphia. He,\\nhowever, continued his business interests uninterruptedly, and\\nfrom 1756 up to the Revolution was a member of the Assembly\\nfrom Cumberland County. About 1750 his country seat was", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 63\\nestablished at Mount Airy, now in the Twenty-second Ward\\nof the City of Philadelphia, and in the possession of the family\\nof the late James Gowen, Esquire. In 1765 he laid out a town\\nin Northampton County, Pennsylvania, on a tract of land lying\\non the Lehigh River, which we now know as the flourishing\\ncity of AUentown.\\nAllen was a public spirited man, generous with his means,\\ngiving his services as Chief Justice gratuitously that he might\\ndevote the salary of the station to charities. Besides his\\nadvances on the State House purchases, he advanced on one\\noccasion a good part of the tax payable by the Proprietaries\\nunder a bill proposed for raising revenue, in the deadlock\\nbetween the Lieutenant Governor and the Assembly, the former\\npressing for money for military uses, and not being free to con-\\nsent to a law which included the Proprietary estates in the\\nassessment for taxation, and the Assembly refusing to vote the\\nmeans of defence unless such assessment with taxation was\\nagreed to the gentlemen of Philadelphia made up the sum\\nwhich it was estimated would be due from the Proprietaries, and\\nthen the Assembly passed the necessary money bills. When in\\nEngland on a visit in 1763 he labored with the home authorities\\nagainst any stamp duty, and to him was given the credit of\\nsecuring the postponement of its consideration to another session\\nof Parliament. He joined the American Philosophical Society\\nshortly after its reorganization in 1769, as did also his three\\nsons.\\nHis presence at the meetings of the Trustees was suffi-\\nciently uniform to attest his continued interest in the welfare of\\nthe institution, though his regular attendance at the Trustees\\nmeetings in the early years of its work was more marked and\\nregular. But amid all his public duties he attended at intervals,\\nand the last meeting we find his name recorded was i June,\\n1779, a few months prior to the abrogation of the charter. He\\nwas one of the organisers of St. John s Lodge Philadelphia, and\\nin 1732 was elected Grand Master for one year. He was after-\\n12 Pennsylvania Gazette, 24 June, 1 732,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "64 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwards appointed Provincial Grand Master, by the Grand Master of\\nEngland in 1750. He and Franklin were now making a diver-\\ngence in their public paths the sharpness of thepohtical contests\\nof the time began to cut into all relations of life while Allen s\\nsympathies were naturally with the Proprietaries, Franklin s were\\nwith the people and though they had labored side by side to\\ninduce the Proprietaries to submit their lands to general taxation\\nfor the public weal, they separated, because while one saw in\\nthe attitude of resistance a special though limited cause of\\ncomplaint, the other found in it heated controversies. It gave\\nrise to the germs of those broader views which were the basis\\nof all Franklin s services in behalf of his country Allen saw\\nonly the present popular clamor against the Proprietaries the\\nother with a wiser apprehension saw that greater and more lasting\\nprinciples were involved, out of which grew further those\\nfeelings in his mind of personal disrespect for the Penns which\\ncontinued with him through life, and which would necessarily\\nin some measure alienate those friends of his, such as Allen whose\\nfriendship for the Penn family continued unbroken, strongly\\ncemented as it was by the marriage of his eldest daughter Anne\\nin 1766 to John Penn, then a Councillor and afterwards Governor\\nof Pennsylvania. Allen misconceived Franklin s course in regard\\nto the Stamp Act, and in his absence abroad charged him with\\ndouble dealing in the matter; yet when Allen called him that\\nGoliath, nothing more need be added showing his opinion and\\nperhaps fear of the ability and powers of this remarkable man.\\nWilliam Allen in the preliminary skirmishes of the Revolu-\\ntion sided with the Colonies, and he went so far as to donate\\nshot to the Council of Safety. But his efforts to maintain peace\\nbetween them and the mother country drew him away from\\nthe thought of a bloody contest, and as there could be no\\nmidway, his alienation from his country s cause was com-\\nplete. He resigned the Chief Justiceship in 1774. He retained\\nhis seat in the Assembly as late as June, 1776, but it is\\nthought he went abroad shortly after. However, he was in\\n13 See his letters in The Burd Papers for evidences of his later feelings\\nagainst Franklin.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennyslvania. 65\\nPhiladelphia a few months later, as he attended a meeting of the\\nTrustees on 3 1 October, and again his presence is recorded at\\nthe three meetings in March 1777. This would seem to refute\\nthe statement which has been accepted that he returned to\\nPhiladelphia on the entrance of the British troops in September,\\n1777, We find him also at the meetings of the Trustees in\\nFebruary, March, May, and June 1779. He died 6 September,\\n1780; and it is believed his death occurred in Philadelphia, or\\nat Mount Airy. By a codicil to his will dated i December,\\n1779 he freed all his slaves.\\nChief Justice Allen married 16 February, 1734, Margaret\\nonly daughter of Andrew Hamilton, the Councillor, the most\\neminent lawyer of his time in Pennsylvania, who died in\\n1 74 1. Her only brothers James and Andrew Hamilton were\\nalso Councillors, and the former was Lieutenant Governor of the\\nProvince from 1748 to 1754 and died unmarried. Andrew was\\nelected a Trustee in 1754 of the Academy, in the vacancy made\\nby the death of Thomas Lawrence. His second son William\\nHamilton who was born in 1745 was the builder of the beauti-\\nfully located and well known Woodland Mansion, near the\\nUniversity Buildings, where he died in 1 813. Of William and\\nMargaret Allen s children, besides Anne who married John\\nPenn, there was another daughter Margaret who married in 177 1\\nJames DeLancey eldest son of James DeLancey, Chief Justice\\nand Governor of New York, whose second son John Peter\\nDeLancey was the father of the Rev. Wilham Heathcote\\nDeLancey, D. D., Provost of the University of Pennsylvania from\\n1828 to 1833. Of their three sons, Andrew married Sarah\\nCoxe, granddaughter of Tench Francis, and was himself a Coun-\\ncillor in 1770, but becoming a loyalist, as was his father, went\\nabroad and died in London in 1825 and James, whose wife\\nwas a granddaughter of Thomas Lawrence the Councillor, who\\ndied in 1778. Both Andrew and James Allen were graduates\\nof the Academy in the class of 1759.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "66 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nJohn Inglis was born in Scotland in 1708. He came to\\nPhiladelphia in 1736 from the Island of Nevis where he had\\nbeen a merchant. He here pursued the same career, soon\\nrising into prominence as a successful merchant, and was in part-\\nnership with Samuel M Call, senior, his wife s brother-in-law\\nand cousin. He was elected a Common Councilman i Octo-\\nber, 1745. On I January, 1747-8 he was commissioned Captain\\nof the First Company of the Associated Regiment of Foot, of\\nwhich Samuel M Call senior was a Major and in the Associa-\\ntion Battery Company of 1756 he was a private with his wife s\\nbrother Archibald M Call and brother-in-law Wilham Plumsted.\\nDuring the absence of Abraham Taylor, he was Deputy Col-\\nlector from 175 1 to 1753. He was in the Commission of 1756,\\nof which Alexander Stedman at that time a Trustee of the\\nAcademy was also a member, to audit the accounts of the far-\\nmers of Pennsylvania and others, who had claims for losses of\\nhorses and wagons under the contracts which Franklin had\\nmade in 1755 to supply Braddock s needs. He signed the war\\nImportation Resolutions of 1765. He was one of the organizers\\nof the St. Andrew s Society in 1749, and succeeded Governor\\nMorris as its President. He died 20 August, 1775. We may\\nrecognize a familiar pen in the obituary notice of him in the\\nPennsylvania Gazette of 23 August:\\nOn Sunday morning last, after a lingering and painful indisposition,\\nwhich he supported with great equanimity, died John Inglis, Esq., of this\\ncity in the 68th year of his age a gentleman who early acquired, and\\nmaintained to the last, the character of a truly honest man. Possessing a\\nliberal and independent spirit, despising everything which he thought\\nunbecoming a gentleman, attentive to business, frugal but yet elegant in\\nhis economy, he lived superior to the world, beloved and respected as an\\nuseful citizen, an agreeable companion, a sincere friend, and an excellent\\nfather of a family.\\nHe married 16 October, 1736, Catherine, daughter of\\nGeorge M Call, a native of Scotland then settled in Phila-\\ndelphia, whose wife was a daughter of Jasper Yeates and\\na descendant of Joran Kyn the founder of the Swedish\\nsettlement at Upland. Of their numerous children, John was\\nengaged in the merchant marine service, and secured a commis-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. dy\\nsion as Captain in the Royal Navy in which he obtained\\nthe rank of Rear Admiral; Samuel was elected in 1777 a\\nmember of the Philadelphia Troop of Light Horse and died in\\n1783 and Katharine lived with her cousin Margaret M Call,\\ndaughter of Samuel M Call, junior, who were United through\\nlife. United in the grave as we are told on their joint tomb-\\nstone erected Sacred to Friendship, in Christ Church Burying\\nGround. Mrs. Inglis brother Samuel M Call, junior, was a\\nTrustee of the Academy, as was also her sister Mary s husband\\nWilliam Plumsted.\\nMr. Inglis attendance at the meetings of the Trustees was\\nalmost continuous a long interval occurred from May 1762 to\\nSeptember 1764, which is not explained, but on his return his\\naccustomed regularity was resumed. His last attendance was\\non 22 February, 1774, when the request of the Provost for the\\nerection of a house for him on the College Grounds was unani-\\nmously granted. His place on the Board was filled on 17 Octo-\\nber, 1776, by the election of Hon. James Tilghman.\\nTench Francis was born in Ireland, the son of the Very\\nReverend John Francis, Dean of Lismore in 1722, who was the\\ngrandson of Philip Francis who was Mayor of Plymouth in 1622.\\nMr. Francis came to Maryland, as others of his countrymen had\\ndone under the attractions held out by the Calverts and it was\\nwhile acting as Attorney for Lord Baltimore that he married in\\n1 724 Elizabeth Turbutt of Talbot County, Maryland. He had two\\nbrothers, Richard, author of Maxims of Equity, first published\\nin 1729, with an American edition in Richmond in 1823 and\\nthe Rev. Philip Francis, D.D. who was father of Sir Philip\\nFrancis to whom the authorship of The Letters of Junius was for\\nmany years attributed. He appears early to have moved to\\nPennsylvania for we find him Clerk of the County Court from\\n1726 to 1734. He was Attorney General of Pennsylvania from\\n1741 to 1755, and Recorder of Philadelphia from 1750 to 1755.\\nHis attendance at the meetings of the Trustees was very uniform\\nup to within eighteen months of his death, which occurred on 16\\nAugust, 1758; his last attendance was on 9 May, preceding.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "68 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe family tomb in Christ Church Burying Ground was erected\\nby his son Tench and bears this inscription in part The Vault\\nover which this Monument is erected was built by the late\\nTench Francis, for the purpose of depositing the remains of\\nTench and Elizabeth Francis his Parents, and a Sepulchre for\\nhimself and his descendants. The vacancy in the Trustees\\nmade by his death was filled at the meeting of 12 September by\\nthe election of Edward Shippen, jr.\\nOf Mr. Francis children, Anne married in 1743 James\\nTilghman the Councillor Mary married William Coxe of\\nNew Jersey, and her daughter married Andrew Allen the\\nCouncillor Tench married Anne daughter of Charles Will-\\ning, a Trustee of the Academy and Elizabeth married John\\nthe son of Thomas Lawrence also a Trustee.\\nThe Poinsylvania Gazette of 24 August, 1758, records the\\nfollowing obituary to his memory\\nOn Wednesday, the i6th Instant, died here Tench Francis, Esq.,\\nAttorney at Law. He was no less remarkable for strict Fidelity than for\\nhis profound skill in his profession. He filled the Stations of Attorney\\nGeneral of this Province and Recorder of this city, for a Number of years,\\nwith the highest Reputation and when declining Health had called him\\nfrom the Bar, he continued his Usefulness to his Country, by carrying on\\na large and honourable Trade. His domestic virtues made him dear to his\\nFamily his Learning and Abilities, valuable to the Community to both\\nhis Death is a real Loss.\\nWilliam Masters was the son of Thomas Masters, who\\ncame with his children from Bermuda to Pennsylvania perhaps\\nprior to the year 1700, and who built at Front and Market\\nStreets in 1704 what was said to be the first three-story house\\nin Philadelphia. He was an Alderman of the city in 1702, and\\nMayor from 1707 to 1709, and died in December, 1723.\\nWilliam inherited from his father and brother Thomas (who died\\nin March i740-i)a valuable tract of land in the Northern Liberties,\\nrunning West from the Delaware River to beyond Broad Street\\nand lying between the present Girard and Montgomery Avenues.\\nHe was a representative from Philadelphia County in the\\nassembly for many years, and a commissioner to disburse the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 6g\\nmoney appropriated for the defence of the Province. His sister\\nMercy married Peter Lloyd, the first cousin of Dr. Lloyd Zachary,\\na fellow Trustee. The story of William s early courtship, and\\nreputed engagement to, William Penn s daughter Letitia, who was\\nhis senior in years, and who after reaching England at the close of\\n1 70 1 forgot him and soon afterwards married William Aubrey,\\nwhich was referred to with feeling by James Logan in his letter to\\nPenn written in May 1702, forms one of the earliest romances in\\nhigh life in the Province.^* However that may be, he remained\\nsingle during her life she died in 1746, and we find him, an elderly\\nman, marrying in 1754 Mary, daughter of Thomas Lawrence\\nthe Councillor, who must have been his cotemporary in years.\\nHe died 24 November, 1760; of his two daughters who grew\\nto adult years, Mary married, in 1772, Richard Penn the Coun-\\ncillor, the grandson of William Penn, and died in London in\\n1829; and Sarah married, in 1795, Turner Camac of Green-\\nmount Lodge, County Louth, Ireland.\\nThe Pennsylvania Gazette of 27 November, 1760, thus\\nnoticed his death\\nYesterday were interred the Remains of William Masters, Esq.\\nwho was one of the Representatives of this City in Assembly, and a\\nProvincial Commissioner, for several years. He was not more remarkable\\nfor his Superior Fortune, than for his firm Adherance to the Constitution of\\nhis Country, and the common Rights of Mankind.\\nHis will which was probated 30 January, 1761, appointed\\nBenjamin Franklin, Joseph Fox and Joseph Galloway executors\\nof his Estate and guardians of his three minor daughters; but as\\nFranklin was absent in England, he did not qualify.\\nMrs. Masters, in the year following that of the death of her\\nhusband, took conveyance from her father of a large lot on the\\nSouth side of Market Street between Fifth and Sixth Streets,\\nupon which she decided to build a handsome mansion. Here\\nher daughter Mary lived with her, and on the occasion of\\nher marriage to Richard Penn, who had come from England in\\n1 77 1 commissioned as Lieutenant Governor, the mother con-\\nveyed the property to her. During the possession of the city\\nThe element of doubt that appears in this colonial romance, is stated by\\nMr. Jenkins in his The Family of William Femi, pp. 62-63.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "70 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nby the British, General Howe occupied the Mansion, the\\nstateliest in the city. When the city came again under home\\nrule, and Arnold was in command, the latter here lived sumptu-\\nously until his final departure. The house was then occupied\\nby the French Consul General Holker, and during his occupancy\\nit was burnt down in 1780. The lot with the ruins Robert Morris\\nleased, rebuilt the house in its former style and purchased\\nt in 1785, and here remained until he vacated it for the use of\\nour first President, and it then became the residence of Washing-\\nton during his two terms of office, and hence bears in local\\nhistory the name of the Washington Mansion. The building\\nafterwards erected by the State on Ninth Street for the use of\\nhis successors in office was never so occupied, and was sold to\\nthe University of Pennsylvania in 1801.\\nMr. Masters attendance at the meeting of the Trustees was\\nsufficiently regular to evince his interests in their concerns, but\\nfor three years prior to his death his name does not appear as\\npresent, the last meeting at which he appears being ii January,\\n1757. He was succeeded in the trust by the Rev. Jacob Duche,\\nwho was elected 10 February, 1761.\\nDr. Lloyd Zachary, was born in Philadelphia in 1701, the\\nson of Daniel Zachary a native of England who had emigrated\\nto Boston, and who married 9 April, 1700, Elizabeth, daughter\\nof Thomas Lloyd, Lieutenant Governor of the Province. De-\\nborah Logan says of him This worthy man, who had settled\\nin Boston, but had married a Pennsylvanian, a daughter of Thomas\\nLloyd, upon the decease of his wife, went home to England,\\nwhere shortly after his arrival he also died. He left one son,\\nLloyd Zachary, who became afterwards a distinguished physi-\\ncian in Philadelphia. Young Zachary studied medicine under\\nDr. Kearsley, and afterwards abroad, and returning to Phila-\\ndelphia began the practice of his profession with zeal and\\nskill, becoming one of the first physicians in the city. In\\n1 74 1, when Dr. Thomas Graeme was superseded as Quarantine\\nphysician wherein he had served twenty years, Dr. Zachary\\nPenn 6^ Logan Correspondence, i. 348.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 71\\nwas elected in his stead. When the new Hospital was\\nopened in February, 1752 in John Kinsey s house on Market\\nstreet, on the site of which Widow Masters built her mansion\\nin 1 76 1, Dr. Zachary with the two Doctors Bond, and\\nGraeme, Moore, Cadwalader and Redman were its first active\\nphysicians, bestowing their medicines free to its patients. The\\nhospital received from his Aunt and Uncle Hannah and Richard\\nHill a valuable tract on the Ridge Road. He died unmarried\\n25 November, 1756. His attendance at the Trustees meetings\\nwas more constant the first two years than later. He did not\\nqualify under the Charter of 1755 as his place was filled 11\\nJanuary, 1757, by the election of Benjamin Chew.\\nFranklin wrote the following expressive memorial notice of\\nhim for the Pennsylvania Gazette of 16 December, 1756:\\nOn the 26th past died here Doctor Lloyd Zachary, who in\\nSweetness of Temper, Politeness of Manners, and universal Benevo-\\nlence, had few Equals, no Superiors. He was a Trustee of the\\nAcademy, and Charity School, and one of the first Subscribers, hav-\\ning given one Hundred Pound towards their Establishment. He was\\nalso an early Contributor to the Pennsylvania Hospital, and one of\\nthe first Physicians who agreed to attend it gratis which he continued to\\ndo as long as his Health would permit. In his last Will he bequeathed\\nThree Hundred and Fifty Pounds to that charitable Institution as a Means\\nof continuing to do good after his Decease. An uncommonly great Num-\\nber of the Inhabitants testify d their Respect for him, by attending his\\nFuneral.\\nSamuel M Call, junior, as he was known by way of dis-\\ntinction from his cousin Samuel M Call, senior, who married his\\nsister Anne, was born in Philadelphia, 5 October, 1721, the son\\nof George M Call, before mentioned as the father of the wife of\\nJohn Inglis. He early engaged in mercantile life, inheriting\\nhis father s store and wharf, and taking his younger brother\\nArchibald into partnership. He was a Common Councilman,\\nbeing chosen 6 October, 1747, and with his brother-in-\\nlaw John Inglis was on the Commission to audit the accounts of\\nPennsylvania claimants for losses sustained in their supplies to\\nBraddock s expedition. He became a member of the St.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "72 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAndrew s Society in 175 1. With his brothers George and\\nArchibald, and brothers-in-law Inglis and Plumsted, he joined in\\nthe petition to the Proprietaries i August, 1754 asking the grant\\nof the lot at Third and Pine Streets for a church and yard for\\nthe use of members of the Church of England, whereon St.\\nPeter s Church was afterwards erected. Mr. M Call died in\\nSeptember, 1762. He had married in 1743 Anne, a daughter of\\nCapt. John Searle. His eldest daughter Anne married Thomas\\nWilling, himself also a Trustee in 1760, and eldest son of Charles\\nWilling, one of the original Trustees of the Academy and\\nCatherine married Tench Coxe the grandson of Tench Francis\\nthe Trustee. His brother Archibald s grandson, Peter M Call,\\nEsq., became a Trustee of the University in 1861.^^\\nMr. M Call s attendance at the Trustees meetings was less\\nregular in the years 1752, 53, and 54, than prior or subsequent,\\nthe last at which his name appears was on i May, 1760 when\\nthe Trustees attended the Commencement services of that day.\\nHe was succeeded by Dr. John Redman who was elected 14\\nDecember, 1762.\\nJoseph Turner, a native of Andover, Hampshire, England,\\nwas born 2 May, 1701, and came to America in January 17 14.\\nHe appears to have engaged in shipping, and we find him in\\n1724 as the Captain of the ship Lovely. In 1726 he was one of\\nthose who signed to take the bills of credit of the Lower Counties\\nat their face value. In 1729 he was elected a Common Council-\\nman, and in 1741 an Alderman. He decUned election to the May-\\noralty in 1745, and submitted to the appropriate penalty of 30.\\nFor nearly a half century he was in partnership in commercial\\nbusiness with William Allen, the house of Allen Turner for a\\nlong time before the Revolutionary War being the mo.st promi-\\nnent in the Colony; and they also engaged in the manufacture of\\niron, owning several mines in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. He\\nwas a member of the Provincial Council, qualifying on 14 May,\\n1747. He died 25 July, 1783, unmarried, leaving the bulk of\\n^^Pennsylvania Magazine, v. 471, in ^Ix.Yy^to.xi s Descendants of Jorafi\\nKyn, for reference to Mr. Mc Call s ancestry and kin.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 73\\nhis extensive property to the children of his sister Mary, who\\nmarried Captain James Oswald, namely, Elizabeth who married\\nChief Justice Chew as his second wife, and Margaret who mar-\\nried Frederick Smythe, Chief Justice of New Jersey. Another\\nsister of Joseph Turner married John Sims a merchant in Jamaica,\\nand was the mother of Joseph and Buckridge Sims, eminent\\nmerchants of Philadelphia. There was a brother Peter, whose\\npossessions in the Northern Liberties gave rise to the name of\\nTurner s Lane when that road was opened, but it is now no more,\\nthe rectangular streets of modern municipal geography obliter-\\nating all traces of it.\\nMr. Turner s presence in the meetings of the Trustees was\\nvery constant up to 1762, when for some years long intervals\\noccurred between his attendances, and the last time his name is\\nentered as being present was on 23 July, 1769, the condition of\\nHis health forbidding him to continue his attendance. This con-\\ntinued for another ten years when on 22 June, 1779, he wrote to\\nthe Trustees, My advanced age and bodily infirmities not per-\\nmitting my attendance as one of the Trustees of the College,\\nAcademy and charitable Schools of Philada., I think it my duty\\nto resign a trust which I am no longer able to execute. This\\nwas accepted at a meeting on that day, and at the meeting on\\n28 June, Mr. George Clymer, the Signer, was elected in his place,\\nbut the abrogation of the charter before the end of that year\\ngave him a very brief Trust.\\nBenjamin Franklin, who first projected the liberal plan\\nof the institution over which we have the honor to preside, as\\nthe Provost, Vice Provost and Professors addressed him 16 Sep-\\ntember, 1785 on his final return home from his manifold foreign\\nduties, finds a place at this point in the list of the original Trus-\\ntees. While a sketch is here attempted of the lives and actions,\\npersonal or professional or political, of his associates, but a brief\\none should be attempted in this place of the man whose Auto-\\nbiography has to this day remained unapproached in style or\\ninstruction by any who have attempted his Biography. Nor is\\nit needed to record in these pages in any detail the doings and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "74 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nworks of a man who has but one peer in his country s annals, so\\nfamiliar are they to all who have any knowledge of its history.\\nIn previous pages some attempt has been made to mark the\\nvarious important steps in his walk of life, each one seeming to\\nestablish him more firmly in general and useful knowledge as\\nwell also in local reputation and influence. A study of this won-\\nderful progress of one from an alien in Philadelphia in 1723,\\nin a quarter of a century to a commanding position in the com-\\nmunity, leaves no room to wonder how easy it was for him to\\ndraw around him for the furtherance of education in a new and\\nliberal form men of the characters and influence whose lives\\nare in a measure here portrayed, men who did not merely grant\\nhim the use of their names by which to manufacture a standing\\nfor the institution, but who gave their time to the meetings and\\ncommittee work in a degree unusual to men who all were\\nactively engaged in their own affairs, yet who made time to\\nshare with him in all its deliberations, and whose spirit of direct-\\nness and thoroughness so infused itself into their minds as to\\nenable the institution to proceed with the same force during\\nhis various absences, unhappily continued however at a time\\nwhen his calmness and skill might have averted the charter\\nabrogation of 1779.\\nWe shall follow him in the coming years of his life, and\\ngive some heed to his political and diplomatic course as we pro-\\nceed in the narrative of the institution, which Mr. Matthew\\nArnold has happily named the University of Franklin.^ For\\nalthough new influences came with its counsels and strove for\\nits mastery in but a few short years, to the extent of belittling\\nhis influence and clouding his title to its parentage, we must\\nnote his patience throughout all, and realise his continued\\ninterest in the institution, even to the last and must perforce\\nstep abreast of his own busy years at home or abroad, and keep\\nalive that connection with our Commonwealth s and indeed our\\nNation s history his own close participation in both of which makes\\n1 In his paper on Foreign Education which he read to a distinguished\\naudience in the University Chapel, 8 June, 1886. Mr. Sidney George Fisher makes\\nthe like nomination in his True Benjamin Franklin, p 77, it should have been\\ncalled, Franklin University.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 75\\nit all the more necessary for those to study who claim it as\\ntheir Alma Mater.\\nHe had entitled himself among his fellow trustees bearing\\nhonored titles of rank or profession or of courtesy, simply as\\nPrinter this he claimed as his proper designation and of equal\\nhonor to his last days, his will reciting I Benjamin Frankhn,\\nPrinter, in precedence of his further titles, late Minister Pleni-\\npotentiary from the United States of America to the Court of\\nFrance, now President of the State of Pennsylvania, when he\\nwrote it on 17 July, 1788. Having a competency by his success\\nin business, he had retired from the active work of his calling in\\nSeptember 1748, disposing of his printing estabHshment to\\nDavid Hall, his foreman, on favorable terms to both, which were\\nto be met by Hall within the term of eighteen years during\\nwhich it was to be carried on in the names of Franklin\\nand Hall, the former assisting in the editing of the Gazette\\nand his Poor Richard s Almanac. But through all his changes\\nand diversities of labors, he clung with tenacity and in honor to\\nhis cognomen of Printer.\\nThe leisure he gained by this made no contribution to any\\npersonal idleness he simply turned his activities into more\\ncongenial channels of science or education or philanthropy, or\\nindeed politics. His electrical pursuits, begun in 1747, continued\\nunremittingly over a series of years his Academy and Charit-\\nable School of 1749 opened up still further opportunities for\\nThese earlier experiments of Franklin were carried on in the house built\\nby John Wister, No. 141 (now 325) Market street in 1731. It was in this house\\nthat Dr. Franklin made his first attempt to snatch the lightning from Heaven\\nand guide it harmlessly to the earth. With this object he here erected his first\\nlightning rod, an hexagonal iron rod, still in our possession, connecting it with a\\nbell which gave the alarm whenever the atmosphere was surcharged with electric\\nfluid. The ringing of this bell so annoyed my grandmother that it was removed at\\nher request. Memoir of Charles y. Wister^ by his son, 1866, vol i. pp. 21, t^t,.\\nJohn Wister s son, Daniel, who was born 4 February, 1738-39, was a pupil at\\nthe Academy 1 752- 1 754, as was also his cousin Caspar in 1752. Watson tells us\\nthat in 1750 Franklin owned and was dwelling in the house at the South East\\ncorner of Race and Second Streets. Annals i. 532-33.\\nThe earliest residence of Franklin s family known to us was in the building\\nowned by Benjamin Hornoron Market Street above Front, now No. 131, where some\\nof Mr. Hornor s living descendants recollect being shown in their early years traces\\nthen remaining of Franklin s printing work. See Family Memorials by Miss Mary\\nCoates, Philadelphia 1885, p. 60. It was here that Franklin writes to Thomas Hop-\\nkinson, in 1747 The din of the Market increases upon me, and that, with frequent", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "76 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nhis time and thought; and the new Hospital in 1752, in which his\\nfellow trustees in the Academy, the two Bonds, Zachary, and\\nShippen were the great promoters, found him a willing and ready\\ncoadjutor, as we in the same year find him lending his counten-\\nance and aid to the honored Friend, John Smith, who founded\\nthe first Insurance Company formed in the Colonies, the Phila-\\ndelphia Contributionship. He tells us\\nWhen I disengaged myself from private business, I flatter d myself\\nthat by the sufficient tho moderate fortune I had acquir d, I had secured\\nleisure during the rest of my life for philosophical studies and amusements.\\nI purchased all Dr. Spencer s apparatus, who had come from England to\\nlecture here, and I proceeded in my electrical experiments with great\\nalacrity; but the publick now considering me as a man of leisure, laid\\nhold of me for their purposes every part of our civil government, and\\nalmost at the same time, imposing some duty upon me. The governor\\nput me into the commission of peace, [in 1749 and again in 1752] the\\ncorporation of the city chose me one of the common council [4 October,\\n1748] and soon after Alderman [i October, 1751] and the citizens at large\\nchose me a burgess to represent them in Assembly [1750]. My\\nelection to this trust was repeated every year for ten years without my ever\\nasking any elector for his vote, or signifying, either directly or indirectly,\\nany desire of being chosen. On taking my seat in the House, my son was\\nappointed their clerk. -x- i would not, however, insinuate, that\\nmy ambition was not flattered by all these promotions it certainly was\\nfor, considering my low beginning, they were great things to me and they\\nwere still more pleasing as being so many spontaneous testimonies of the\\npublic good opinion, and by me entirely unsolicited.\\nHis first hearing on the Bench in the case of William vs.\\nTill, (noted later) he was associated with Thomas Lawrence,\\nEdward Shippen and Joshua Maddox, two of whom were to\\nbecome his co-trustees in the Academy before this year was out.\\nThe office of justice of the peace I tried a httle, by attending a few\\ncourts, and sitting on the bench to hear causes but finding that more\\ninterruptions, has, I find, made me say some things twice over, and I suppose, forget\\nsome others. Bigelow, ii. 103.\\nI n 1 764 he built on his lot on the South side of Market Street between Third and\\nFourth Streets, the house standing southwards from the line of the street nigh where\\nHudson Place now bisects the block; this is the new house Mrs. Franklin speaks\\nof in the letter to her husband 7 April, 1765, Bigelow, iii. 374, and where he resided\\nthe remainder of his years. For a description of these premises and the Mansion\\nand printing offices see Scharf Wescott s History of Philadelphia, I. 460, for\\n.a letter from Robert Carr to John A. McAllister written 25 May, 1864.\\n1^ Bigelow. i. 227.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. ji\\nknowledge of the Common Law than I possessed was necessary to act in that\\nstation with credit, I gradually withdrew from it; excusing myself by being\\nobliged to attend the higher duties of a legislator in the Assembly.\\nHe was on 3 September, 1776, appointed Presiding Judge\\nof the Court of Common Pleas, and in October, 1785, while\\nPresident Supreme Executive Council was appointed President\\nJudge but there is no certainty of his ever sitting. Gordon\\nsays of him, in connection with his Assembly duties\\nHis active, comprehensive, and discriminating mind qualified him\\nat all times to lead in a popular body; but his knowledge of provincial\\naffairs at once placed him at the head of the assembly, and caused him tO\\nbe appointed upon every important committee.\\nHis rank as a Philosopher was earned by his success and\\ndiscoveries in Electricity which had begun about this period in\\nhis life. Mr. Peter CoUinson, a member of the Royal Society,\\nwho had been commissioned to send books to the Philadelphia\\nLibrary, sent out early in 1747 an electric tube with directions\\nfor using it, which Franklin in acknowledging it said has put\\nseveral of us on making electrical experiments, in which we\\nhave observed some particular phenomena, that we look upon to\\nbe new. His friends referred to were Hopkinson, Syng and\\nKinnersley, the latter of whom in 1753 became the Head Master\\nof the English School connected with the Academy, and in\\n1755 was chosen Professor of Oratory and English Literature in\\nthe College. In writing to Mr. Collinson 29 July, 1750 he says\\nas you first put us on electrical experiments, by sending to our Library\\nCompany a tube, with directions how to use it and as an honorable\\nProprietary enabled us to carry those experiments to a greater height, by his-\\ngenerous present of a complete electrical apparatus it is fit that both\\nshould know, from time to time, what progress we make.\\nThese experiments unfolded new ideas, and new forces were\\ndiscovered in the Electrical Fire, and Franklin s correspondence\\nabroad detailing them to Collinson and others, though not at\\nfirst heeded in regular Scientific circles in England, found a\\nIn the days of the Province nearly all the Justices, both of the Common\\nPleas and the Supreme Court, Franklin excepted, were merchants. David Paul\\nBrown, Fonwi, 256.\\nHistory of Penii a. Thomas F. Gordon, 268.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "78 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwarm welcome in France and on the Continent. To enter here\\nupon them with any description would open a most entertaining\\nchapter in Franklin s life, but indulgence can only be given to a\\nsummary of their results as placing Franklin s name at the head\\nof the practical discoverers of the sources and powers of this\\nwonderful natural force, which we one hundred and thirty years\\nlater are just beginning to chain to our will and utilize in all\\nour practical arts.^^\\nDr. Priestly says of Franklin s records of his discoveries\\nit is not easy to say, whether we are most pleased with the simplicity and\\nperspicuity with which these letters are written, the modesty with which\\nthe author proposes every hypothesis of his own, or the noble frankness\\nwith which he relates his mistakes, when they were corrected by subse-\\nquent experiments. Dr. Franklin s principles bid fair to be handed\\ndown to posterity as equally expressive of the true principles of electricity,\\nas the Newtonian philosophy is of the true system of nature in general.\\nBefore Priestley wrote this, Kinnersley had written to\\nFranklin 12 March, 1761\\nI most heartily congratulate you on the pleasure you must have in\\nfinding your great and well grounded expectations so far fulfilled. May\\nthis method of security [referring to the lightning rod] from the destruc-\\ntive violence of one of the most awful powers of nature meet with such\\nfurther success, as to induce every good and grateful heart to bless God for\\nthe important discovery. May it extend to the latest posterity\\nof mankind, and make the name of Franklin hke that of Newton\\nimmortal.\\nTo which Franklin refers in his letter from London 20\\nFebruary, 1762, in conclusion Your kind wishes and congratu-\\nlations are very obliging.\\nThis reference to the lightning rod is to Franklin s happy\\nexperiment with his kite in June 1752, in the open fields not far\\nfrom his residence, by which he drew lightning from the clouds,\\nestablishing his theory that under some circumstances of pecu-\\nliar attraction the electric fluid could be drawn to earth.^* His\\ntheories had been known abroad, and the Philadelphia expen-\\nse Bigelow, ii. 59. ^sibjd, Hi. 178.\\nSee his Communication of 19 October, 1752, in the Getitleman^s Magazine,\\nfor December, 1752, p. 560.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 79\\nment had been successful in France in May of that year,\\nM. DaHbard drawing electricity from a thunder cloud by a\\npointed rod. When the tidings of this reached America, Frank-\\nlin had not publicly announced his success with the silken kite,\\nand it was not until 19 October following in a letter to Peter\\nCollinson he wrote,\\nas frequent mention is made in public papers from Europe, of the\\nsuccess of the Philadelphia experiment for drawing the electric fire from\\nclouds by means of pointed rods of iron erected on high buildings, c., it\\nmay be agreeable to the curious to be informed, that the same experiment\\nhas succeeded in Philadelphia, though made in a different and more easy\\nmanner\\nand he then proceeds to a description of his June experiment,\\nthough in an entirely impersonal manner. This letter was read\\nat the Royal Society on 3 1 December following, and in the fol-\\nlowing November he was granted by the Society the Copley\\nMedal for that year on account of his curious experiments\\nand observations on electricity, as a mark of distinction due to\\nhis unquestionable merit; and on 29 April, 1756, he was\\nelected a Fellow of the Royal Society,\\nThe Rev. Ebenezer Kinnersley, alike interested in these\\nstudies, gave public exhibitions of many of these experiments,\\nand quite reasonably at the time was granted to him by the\\npublic the meed of praise as their discoverer; but Franklin s\\ncorrespondence, now all brought to light, shows their letters, and\\nthe relative claims of the two to distinction in the premises can\\nbe properly measured. Franklin took the scientific into his\\nconfidence rather than the curious public. But traces of Frank-\\nlin s observations can be found from time to time in the news\\ncolumns (so-called) of the Pennsylvania Gazette, where frequent\\nrecord is made of instances of the destructive power of light-\\nning which had been reported to him, doubtless in answer to\\nhis request, published in the Gazette of 21 June, 1753, namely:\\nThose of our Readers in this and the neighboring Provinces, who\\n25 Bigelow, ii. 262. On Franklin s Lightning Rod vide Dr. Andrew D. White s\\nHistory of the Warfare of Science and Theology, i. 365, for an interesting statement\\nof the early opposition it engendered, and of its practical usefulness winning its way\\namong its theological opponents.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "8o History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nmay have an opportunity of observing, during the present Summer, any of\\nthe Effects of Lightning on Houses, Ships, Trees, c., are requested to\\ntake particular Notice of its Course, and Deviation from a Straight Line, in\\nthe Walls or other Matter affected by its different Operations, or Effects on\\nWood, Stone, Bricks, Glass, Metals, Animal Bodies, c., and every other\\nCircumstance that may tend to discover the Nature and compleat the His-\\ntory of that terrible Meteor. Such observations being put in writing and\\ncommunicated to Betijainin Franklin in Philadelphia, will be very thank-\\nfully acknowledged.\\nIn April, 175 i, Mr. Kinnersley gives Notice to the Curi-\\nous of a course of Experiments in the newly discovered\\nElectric Fire, adding at foot the experiments succeed best\\nwhen the air is dry and to be accompanied with Methodical\\nLectures on the Nature and Properties of that wonderfnl ele-\\nment. Three years later, he gave for the Entertainment\\nof the Curious in one of the chambers of the Academy, a\\ncourse of experiments in that new Branch of Natural Philosophy\\ncalled Electricity. And as the modern Prometheus, as\\nKant had now called him, had drawn the fire down from Heaven,\\nKinnersley adds an expostulatory paragraph in his Advertise-\\nment, and as some are apt to doubt the Lawfulness of endeav-\\noring to guard against Lightning, it will be farther shewn, that the\\ndoing it, in the Manner proposed, cannot possibly be chargeable\\nwith Presumption, nor be inconsistent with any of the Principles\\neither of Natural or Revealed Religion. This good Baptist\\nMinister did not recognise any divorce between Religion and\\nScience.\\nWhen Franklin was sent out in 1757 on a political errand\\nto represent his adopted colony at the home government, his\\nreception in England was that due to a savant rather than a\\npolitician. Local politics in their intensity found but little room\\nfor the recognition of those high scientific attainments which\\ngave a warmth to the welcome, which otherwise would have been\\na cold one, to a protesting colonist.\\nFranklin s attendance at the meetings of the Trustees of the\\nAcademy and College was constant and regular, his first absence\\n^Pennsylvania Gazette^ II April, 1751. Ibid, 26 March, 1754.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 8i\\nbeing at the meeting of August 1751,^^ and there was but one\\nabsence to note in 1752, when the Trustees visited the Schools,\\nbut did no other business, the year of his most interesting elec-\\ntrical experiments the year 1753 shows absence from only three\\nregular meetings in the summer of his first duty as Postmaster\\nGeneral which engaged him in his travels to the Eastward,\\nbesides his two Indian Missions in 1754 his absences were\\nmore notable, due largely to his visit to Albany with the Com-\\nmissioners in 1755 being early in the year absent on a visit to\\nNew England, and later engaged in aiding Braddock^^ his name\\n.does not appear in two of the regular meetings; in 1756 his\\nabsence was more notable owing to his frequent journeys from\\nhome. Visiting Virginia on his post office duties in the Spring he\\nreceived from William and Mary College in person on 2 April\\nthe degree of A.M., conferred upon him by the Rev G. Daw-\\nson, A.M., President, to whom he was in public presented by the\\nRev. Wm Preston A.M. On his return from there early in\\nJune we find him at the close of the month in New York, and in\\nNovember at Easton attending an Indian Conference. In April\\n1757, he sailed on his first foreign mission to the mother coun-\\ntry. Arriving home in November, 1762, he resumes his attend-\\nance at the meetings, but in 1763 he was frequently absent, his\\npublic duties withdrawing him from other concerns and in\\nNovember, 1764, he set sail for London on his second mission.\\nHe was elected the first president of the Board of Trustees, being\\nsucceeded by Richard Peters who was elected 11 May, 1756.\\nThe minutes give us no indication of the cause of his declining\\na re-election at this time his journey to Albany in the previous\\nyear, his absences now from the first five meetings of the cur-\\nrent year, may be indications of his accumulating public duties,\\nbut there were thus early developing some of those causes\\nHis absence from a meeting of the Common Council that day, also, would\\nshow that absence from the city was the cause.\\n23 Bigelow, ii. 414. Sparks, vii. 85. Since my return, I have been in such\\na perpetual hurry of public affairs of various kinds, he writes II Sept. 1755. Paxton,\\ni. 342.\\nFaculty Proceedings, Historical Sketch of the College of William and Mary,\\np. 42. He writes to his wife from Williamsburg, 30 March, 1756: Virginia is a\\npleasant country now in full spring the people obliging and polite. Bigelow, ii. 458.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "82 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwhich were working to take the institution not only further out\\nof the practical lines he had in the outset marked for its\\ncourse, but also to make it more agreeable to the political party to\\nwhich he was opposed. He attended the regular meeting sub-\\nsequent to Dr. Peters election but infrequently afterwards, and\\nin the April following as stated before, he sailed for England.\\nThe heat of local politics may have fused some antagonisms\\nwhich served to counteract his influence in the Board, and indi-\\ncated for the welfare of the College that some one identified with\\nthe Proprietary interest should preside over their deliberations,\\nand who so fitting as the constant churchman and faithful Secre-\\ntary Richard Peters, whose election if any other was to be\\nchosen could not but be acceptable to his friend Franklin.\\nThomas Leech was the son of Toby and Hester Leech of\\nCheltenham, Gloucestershire, who came to America in the year\\n1682, and settled in Cheltenham township, now in Montgomery\\nCounty. They are buried in Trinity Church, Oxford, Philadel-\\nphia, the inscription on their joint stone being quoted by the\\nRev. Dr. Buchanan in his Early History of Trinity Church.\\nThomas Leech was clerk to the Assembly from 1723 to 1727,\\nand a representative of Philadelphia County for nearly thirty\\nyears, and was Speaker pro tem in 1758 in the room of Isaac\\nNorris, who fell sick. In the controversy in the assembly over\\nJudge Moore s case, which must be reviewed in later pages on\\naccount of Provost Smith s part in it, Mr. Leech was an active\\nparticipant, and was Chairman of the committee which framed\\nthe address to the Governor asking Moore s removal. He was\\na Vestryman of Christ Church for many years, and Warden in\\n1728 and again in 1746-47. He was with his fellow Trustees,\\nLawrence and Peters, signer of the letter of 23 April, 1741,\\nfrom the Vestry of Christ Church to the Bishop of London\\nannouncing the death of the Rector, Rev. Archibald Cummings.\\nAnd we find him in 1760 joining with many of his fellow trus-\\n^1 Tivo Discourses, c., Philadelphia, 1885, p. 108. Their second son John\\nborn in Philadelphia shortly after their arrival was said to have been the first male\\nchild born here of English parents Old York Road and its Early Associations,\\nPhiladelphia, 1890, p. 67.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 83\\ntees, viz: Allen, Masters, M Call, Syng, Willing, Taylor, the\\ntwo Bonds, Plumsted, and Coleman, on a subscription for\\nrestoring the Glebe House of Oxford Parish which had been\\ndestroyed by fire. He was a very regular attendant on the\\nmeetings of the Trustees until within two or three years of his\\ndeath which occurred 31 March, 1762, his last attendance being\\non 28 November, 1761. At the meeting of 8 June, 1762, Mr.\\nLyn-Ford Lardner was elected to succeed him. He married in\\n1722, Ann Moore, and had two sons, Thomas and William. The\\nPennsylvajiia Gazette of 8 April, 1762, thus records his\\nobituary:\\nOn the 31st ulto in the Evening, departed this Life, Thomas Leech,\\nEsq, in the 77th year of his age and in the afternoon of the Sunday fol-\\nlowing was interred in St. Paul s Church in this city, where a Sermon\\nsuitable to the occasion, was preached by the Reverend Mr. William\\nM Clanachan, A. M. and Minister of that Church, to a crowded and\\nweeping Audience. He was a citizen, not more distinguished for the\\nHonour conferred on him, in several Offices of Public Trust (which he\\ndischarged for a long series of Years, with the approbation of his country)\\nthan for his amiable and familiar virtues in\\nthe mild Majesty of private Life\\nwhere he shone as a practical Philosopher, and a sincere Christian,\\nabounding with unaffected Goodness and exemplary Piety, and a most\\nrare Pattern of that ancient Simplicity which so beautifully characterised\\nthe first Fathers of our Metropolis so that the words of the Poet may,\\nwith the greatest Propriety, be applied to him.\\nBorn to no Pride, inheriting no strife,\\nBut led by Virtue through the Paths of life\\nStranger to Discord, and to civil Rage\\nThe good Man walked innoxious thro his Age\\nNo Courts he saw, no Suits would ever try,\\nNor said an Oath, nor hazarded a Lye.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "84 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nDoctor William Shippen was born in Philadelphia i Octo-\\nber, 17 1 2, the son of Joseph Shippen, a native of Boston, who\\nmoved to Philadelphia about 1704, and who became in 1727\\none of Franklin s Junto. He was the son of Edward Shippen,\\nwho was named by William Penn in his charter of 25 October,\\n1 701, as the first Mayor thereunder of the City of Philadelphia,^^\\nand who was President of the Council, 1702\u00e2\u0080\u009404, and in May,\\n1703, became the actual head of the government until Governor\\nEvans arrival in December following. Joseph s connection with\\nthe Junto shows him to have been a man inclined to self improve-\\nment, and whose leisure enabled him to pursue any special line\\nof study. His eldest son Edward, William s senior by nine\\nyears, entered mercantile life under James Logan, and later was\\nin business with him as Logan Shippen, and in 1749 with\\nThomas Lawrence, one of the College Trustees, as Shippen and\\nLawrence; he was also Mayor of the City in 1744, and after-\\nwards Judge of the Common Pleas. In 1748, he was one of\\nthe founders of Princeton College and one of its first Trustees,\\nwhich he remained until his resignation in 1767 and was a sub-\\nscriber to the Philadelphia Academy, of which his brother\\nWilliam was now one of the first trustees. William- himself\\nbecame a Trustee of Princeton College in 1765 which he\\nremained until his resignation in 1796. His tastes for scientific\\npursuits were fostered by his father, and an early inclination for\\nthe study of medicine developed the rare talent he possessed\\nfor a successful practice of it, by which he attained a high\\nreputation and secured an extensive business which remained to\\nhim through his long life. But diligent as he was in his profes-\\nsional duties, and reliant as he was in the medical knowledge of\\nhis day for the cure of all the ills that flesh is heir to, the story\\nis told of him that on occasion of his being complimented by a\\nfriend on the number of cures he effected, he replied, My friend,\\nNature does a great deal, and the grave covers up our mistakes.\\nHe was sensible of the necessity of more education than could\\n32\\ncharter of\\nDevelopment\\nHumphrey Morrey was the first Mayor of the City of Philadelphia under the\\nf 1 691. See Allison Penrose, Philadelphia,- a History of Municipal", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 85\\nbe had in the colonies, and when he found his son William\\nintending the same profession, he sent him to Europe when he\\nwas twenty one years of age, and in 1761 the latter received his\\ndegree of Doctor in Medicine at Edinburgh, and four years later\\nwe find his election in the minutes of the Trustees as the\\nfirst Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in the new medical\\nschool of the college. Doctor William Shippen, Senior, as he\\nnow became known on his son s rising reputation, found his\\nname worthily reproduced in his son, who added fresh honors\\nand dignity to it.\\nDr. Shippen interested himself in public affairs, and foresaw\\nthe coming shadows of the Revolution. On 20 November, 1778,\\nwhen these shadows were the heaviest, he was elected a member\\nof the Continental Congress by the Assembly of Pennsylvania,\\nand was re-elected in the November following. He retained an\\ninterest in his father s associations and was Vice President in\\n1768 of the American Philosophical Society, the child of the\\nJunto. He was one of the first members of the Medical Staff\\nof the Pennsylvania Hospital, from 175 3-1 778 and one of the\\nfounders of the Second Presbyterian Church and a member of\\nit for sixty years. His life was serene and useful and posses-\\nsing a temper calm and equable, and the affection of all who\\nknew him, he died 4 November, 1801, in the ninetieth year of\\nhis age.^^ He retained his trusteeship in the College until the\\nabrogation of the charter in 1779, and was made one of the\\nTrustees of the new institution created in its place, the University\\nof the State of Pennsylvania, which he remained until 1786.\\nHis attendance at the meetings of the Trustees testifies to his\\ninterest in the institution, as his absences were very few and\\nthe action of the Trustees were often influenced by his sage\\ncounsel, though for two years from April, 1761, he did not\\nattend, and most of the meetings in 1764 and 1765 he missed.\\nDr. Shippen married 19 September, 1735, Susannah daugh-\\nter of Joseph Harrison of Philadelphia, who died some years\\nHis mode of life was simple and it was said that up to his final illness he\\nhad never tasted wine nor spirits. His temper was never ruffled and his benevolence\\nwas without stint. Dr. Morton s History of the Pennsylvania Hospital, p. 489.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "86 History of the University of. Pennsylvania.\\nbefore him. His sons William andrjosephjwere graduates of\\nPrinceton, 1754 and 1758. The latter also studied medicine\\nunder his father, and going abroad for further studies, took his\\ndegree at the University of Rheims. Dr. Shippen s nephew,\\nJoseph, the son of his elder brother Joseph, was a graduate of\\nthe college in 1761. His sister Anne was wife of Charles\\nWilling, his fellow trustee.\\nRobert Strettell was born in Dublin in 1693 the son of\\nAmos Strettell, a native of Cheshire who had moved to Ireland\\nabout fifteen years before this. Robert left Dublin as a young\\nman to try his fortune in London, where he passed about twenty\\nyears of his life, but losing his property in the South Sea Bubble,\\nhe came to America about 1736 to retrieve his affairs. He soon\\ntook an active part in public concerns, and was one of the\\nFriends who favored Logan s views as to the needs of the Province\\nto defend itself against foreign enemies. He was invited by\\nGovernor Thomas to the Council, and he qualified 14 December,\\n1741. He became an Alderman in 1748, and Mayor in Octo-\\nber 175 I, and on the close of the latter term, instead of giving\\nthe customary collation, contributed ^75. to the Public Build-\\ning. In council he was an active member, and supported the\\nmore warlike members during the French War. He died in\\nJune 1 76 1, and was buried in the Friends Ground. He married\\nin 1 7 16 Philotesia daughter of Nathaniel Owen of Seven Oaks,\\nKent. Of their children, Frances married Isaac Jones who\\nwas a Trustee of the College and Academy in 1771 Amos\\nsucceeded to his father s interest in provincial politics and in the\\nTrusteeship of the College and married a daughter of Samuel\\nHasell the Councillor John became an opulent merchant\\nin London and Robert died before his father.\\nMr. Strettell v/as not behind his fellows in their attendance\\non the meetings of the Trust his last years of service found\\nhim less able to attend with regularity. The last meeting at\\nwhich his name appears was 31 March, 1760 and at the meet-\\ning of 8 June, 1762, his son Mr. Amos Strettell was elected a\\nTrustee,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 87\\nPhilip Syng was born in Ireland in November 1703 the son\\nof Philip Syng, who with his son arrived at Annapolis, Md. in Sep-\\ntember 1 7 14, and who there died in 1739. The son had before\\nthis settled in Philadelphia, as we find him in the Franklin circle,\\na member of the Junto and in 1731 one of the first Directors of\\nthe new Library Company, He acquired a high reputation as\\na silver-smith, his skill being shown by several works of art yet\\nin existence,, one being an inkstand made by him in 1752 for the\\nGeneral Assembly of Pennsylvania, and used by the Conti-\\nnental Congress while in Philadelphia, and at the signing of the\\nDeclaration of Independence, and yet preserved in the Hall to\\nwhich the latter gave its name. He engraved the first seal for\\nthe Library Company. He was a member of the noted Fish-\\ning Company of the State in Schuylkill as it was called. He\\nwas one of the Associators of 1747; a Vestryman of Christ\\nChurch from 1747 to 1749 and a signer of the Non Importation\\nResolutions of 1765. He was devoted to scientific pursuits,\\nand the developments of the times in the use and force of Elec-\\ntricity were aided by his experiments and discoveries, and Frank-\\nlin made acknowledgment of the aid he had furnished him in\\nmany of his experiments. In a note to his letter of 1 1 July,\\n1747 to Mr. Collinson, Franklin refers to certain experiments\\nby means of little, light windmill wheels made of stiff paper\\nvanes as made and communicated to me by my worthy and\\ningenious friend Mr Philip Syng and of another experiment,\\nthus, His simple, easily made machine was a contrivance of\\nMr. Syng s. Franklin could appreciate the ingenuity of such\\na skilful craftsman. He lived to a great age, and dying 8 May,\\n1789, was buried in Christ Church Burying Ground. One of his\\ndaughters married Edmund Physick and became the mother of\\nBigelow, ii. 66. He writes Franklin the following letter\\nPhiladelphia, March i, 1766.\\nDear Sir I received yours of 26th of September last with your very agreeable\\nPresent Doctor Lewis s new Work. You judged very right that I should find in it\\nentertaining Particulars in ray Way the Management of Gold Silver is treated of\\nin it better more particularly than I have met with in any Author.\\nThe regard you have always shewn me requires my acknowledgment, which\\nI wish to make by serviceable Actions, because they speak louder than Words, but I\\nfear I shall be insolvent. The Junto fainted last Summer in the hot Weather and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "88 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nPhilip Syng Physick, a graduate in 1785 of the University, for\\nwhom the Chair of Surgery was created in 1805, which he\\nfilled until 18 19 when he took the Chair of Anatomy in which\\nhe continued until 1831. The name of Philip Syng was borne\\nto a later generation by this worthy descendant who has been\\ncalled the Father of American Surgery,\\nMr. Syng s attendance on the meetings of the Trustees\\nwas very constant up to the time of Franklin s departure on his\\nfirst mission; but from 14 June, 175710 12 May, 1769 he attended\\nbut four meetings these inclusive and this last attendance may\\nhave been due to a Minute of the meeting of 8 May previous,\\nviz\\nDr. Smith is desired to wait upon Mr. Philip Syng to ask him\\nwhether he will be pleased to attend the future meetings of the Trustees,\\nas the Business of the College suffers greatly for want of a regular attend-\\nance of the members Mr. Syng in particular, not having attended more\\nthan once or twice for several years. If Mr. Syng should mention any\\nparticular Inconvenience in his attending the Duty of a Trustee, it is\\ndesired that he may be asked whether it would be agreeable to him that\\nanother should be chosen in his Room.\\nHowever, nothing was done, nor did Mr. Syng again\\nattend, until at the meeting of 8 June, 1773 notice was given of\\na new Trustee being wanted in the Room of Mr. Philip Syng\\nwho has removed with his Family to more than five Miles Dis-\\ntance from the City; when at the meeting of 15 June Mr.\\nSamuel Powel was elected. He was a member of St. John s\\nLodge in 1734, Junior Grand Warden in 1737, Deputy Grand\\nMaster in 1738, and Grand Master in 1741.\\nCharles Willing was born in Bristol, England, 18 May,\\n1 7 10, the son of Thomas Willing, a merchant of that city, who\\nbrought the son to Philadelphia about the year 1828. A cousin\\nof the father, also a Thomas Willing, founded and laid out Wil-\\nhas not yet reviv d, your Presence might reanimate it, without which I apprehend it\\nwill never recover.\\nI am dear Sir your affectionate Friend and oblig d Humble Serv t, Phil Syng.\\nAddressed To Benjamin Franklin, Esq, Postmaster general of North Ainerica in\\nLondon, pr Capt Sparks. MS letter with the American Philosophical Soc y. The\\ngift referred to was doubtless the Commercium Philosophico-technicum, in its new\\nand last edition, of Dr. William Lewis, who died in 1786. Allibone.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 89\\nling s Town now Wilmington, Delaware, Charles entered into\\nmercantile business and took charge of the house his elder\\nbrother Thomas, who returned to England, had founded in\\n1726. He was successful in his operations and speculations,\\nand established a credit at home and abroad which redounded\\nto the welfare and influence of his adopted city. He was very\\nactive in the formation of the Philadelphia Associators in 1747,\\nand must here have been much with Franklin in his efforts to\\nmake this defensive association a success. He was Mayor of\\nthe City in 1748, and again in 1754, dying 30 November, 1754,\\nof ship fever contracted it is said whilst in the discharge of\\nsome of his official duties. Mr. Willing married 21 January,\\n173 1, Anne, daughter of Joseph Shippen, son of the Councillor,\\nand sister of WilHam Shippen, M. D., the Elder, a Trustee. Of his\\nchildren, his eldest son Thomas became a Trustee in 1 760,\\nand in 1761 a Justice of the Supreme Court, and married Anne,\\ndaughter of Samuel M Call junior, also a Trustee, and was\\nfather of Thomas Mayne Willing a Trustee of the University in\\n1800, and of Anne who married William Bingham, a Trustee\\nin 1789 Anne, married Tench Francis, son of Tench Francis a\\nTrustee Mary, married Col. William Byrd of Westover, Vir-\\nginia Elizabeth, married Samuel Powel, a Trustee in 1773 5\\nand Margaret, married to Robert Hare, a Trustee in 1789, and\\nbecame the mother of Charles Wilhng Hare, whose son Rev.\\nGeorge Emlen Hare, D. D. was Assistant Professor of the Greek\\nand Latin Languages in the University in 1844, and of Dr.\\nRobert Hare, Professor of Chemistry in the University from\\n18 18 to 1848, whose son John Innes Clark Hare, a graduate of\\nthe University in 1834, was a Trustee in 1858, resigning in 1868,\\nto take the Professorship of the Institute of Law which he held\\nuntil 1889, when he became Emeritus Professor,\\nThe following obituary notice by Franklin of Mr. Willing\\nappeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 5 December, 1754.\\nThe portion which is a quotation, is by the Rev. William Smith,\\nLast Saturday, after a short Illness, departed this Life, in the 45th\\nYear of his age, Charles Willing, Esq^-e Mayor of this City. As it may\\nbe truly said that this Community had not a more useful Member, his", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "90 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nDeath is justly lamented as a public Loss to his country, as well as an\\nalmost irretrievable Loss to his Family and Friends.\\nIn the Character of a Magistrate, he was patient, indefatigable, and\\nactuated by a Steady Zeal for Justice. As a Merchant, it was thought that\\nno Person amongst us understood Commerce in General, and the trading\\nInterests of this Province in particular, better than he, and his Success in\\nBusiness was proportionably Great. As a Friend, he was faithful, candid\\nand sincere. As a Husband and Parent few ever exceeded him in Tender-\\nness and Affection. Being himself a sincere Christian, he was strictly\\nattentive to the Education of his children in every virtuous Qualification,\\nand in a particular Manner he was remarkable in the Discharge of that\\nessential part of a Parent s Duty, so little considered, a regular attend-\\nance, together with his numerous Family, on the public Worship of God.\\nAnd for this accordingly, they will now have Reason to bless his Memory\\nsince the Impression, thereby received, will go farther to teach them how\\nto bear their present heavy Affliction, and recommend them to the Favor\\nof the World {degenerate as it is) than all the external Advantages all the\\nFortune, Graces, and Good Nature he has left them possessed of.\\nMr. Smith also supplied an Ode to the Memory of Charles\\nWilling, Esq., of which the first Stanza is\\nOnce more I seek the cypress shade,\\nTo weave a garland for the dead,\\nAlone, dejected, wan\\nShall Willing quit this mortal strife.\\nAnd not a verse show him, in life\\nAnd death an honest Man\\nMr. Willing gave much attendance to the meetings of the\\nTrustees, with only an interval from July 1750 to November,\\n175 I. The last he attended was on 17 September 1754. At\\nthe meeting of 1 1 February, 1755, Mr. Alexander Stedman was\\nelected to fill the vacancy made by his death.\\nDoctor Phineas Bond was born in Maryland in 171 7, the\\nyounger brother of Dr. Thomas Bond, also a Trustee. He was,\\nas well as his brother educated in his native state, and pursued\\nhis studies during foreign travel, visiting at length Leyden,\\nParis, Edinburgh and London for this purpose. He did not\\ndevote himself to surgery as did his brother but Dr. Thacher\\nsays of him no medical man of his time in this country left\\nbehind him a brighter character for professional sagacity, or the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 91\\namiable qualities of the heart. He shared with his brother\\nmany of his tastes for scientific and philosophic pursuits, and\\nwas under Franklin s lead one of the organizers of the American\\nPhilosophical Society Franklin writes to Cadwallader Colden\\non 5 April, 1744, I can now acquaint you, that the Society, as\\nfar as it relates to Philadelphia, is actually formed, and has had\\nseveral meetings to mutual satisfaction. And in enumerating^\\nthe members he describes Dr. Phineas Bond as General Natural\\nPhilosopher, and Dr. Thomas Bond who heads his list as\\nPhysician.^^ His interest also in public affairs was evidenced by\\nbeing a member of Common Council from 1747 until his death.\\nHe married 4 August, 1748, Williamina daughter of Wil-\\nham Moore of Moore Hall, Chester County, Penn a, her younger-\\nsister Rebecca marrying Dr. William Smith, the Provost of the\\nCollege in 1759. Dr. Bond s eldest son, Phineas, was a\\nloyalist during the Revolution, and later was made British\\nConsul at Philadelphia, which he remained for several years at\\nthe end of the last and the beginning of this century he died in\\nLondon 29 December, 181 5. Of Dr. Bond s daughters, Williamina\\nmarried General John Cadwalader who became a Trustee of the\\nCollege in 1779, and Elizabeth married John Travis of Phila-\\ndelphia. Dr. Bond died 11 June, 1773, and he was buried in\\nChrist Church Burying Ground, where a simple stone marks the-\\nlast resting place of Doctor Phineas Bond, Esq. His\\nattendance at the Trustees meetings was frequent to the last,\\nwith sometimes only intervals of a few months. His last attend-\\nance was on I January, 1773. On the 18 June following, Mr.\\nThomas Mifflin was elected his successor. An obituary to him\\nin the Pennsylvania Gazette of 14 June, 1773 recites Early on\\nFriday morning last, to the inexpressible grief of all who knew\\nhim, departed this life in his fifty-sixth year, Dr. Phineas Bond,\\na gentleman long and justly acknowledged to be of the first\\neminence in his profession.\\n^^Bigelow, ii. I.\\nA letter from Deborah Franklin of introduction to her husband of young\\nPhineas Bond, dated il Octo., 1770, is given in the Pennsylvania Magazine, v. 510.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "92 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nRichard Peters, was born in Liverpool about 1704, the\\nson of Ralph Peters, town clerk of that place. He was sent\\nwhen quite young to Westminster School, where he finished\\nbefore he was fifteen years of age. Instead of going to Oxford,\\nhis parents sent him to Leyden, and on his return to England\\nhe undertook the study of law, although against his will, for he\\nhad an inclination to take orders. He was five years in the\\nInner Temple, but his predilections for the ministry increasing\\nwith time, his father finally consented to his taking orders and\\nhe was ordained by the Bishop of Winchester 20 September,\\n1729, Deacon, and was ordained Priest 24 March, 1730.\\nHe became curate at Latham Chapel in the parish of Ormskirk,\\nand subsequently became tutor of two young wards and kins-\\nmen of the Earl of Derby, and lived with the latter until July,\\n1735. A youthful marriage which he contracted while at\\nWestminster school, but which was not consummated, with a\\ndomestic, was the cause of his going to Leyden instead of\\nOxford but the woman was supposed to have died about 1733,\\nand he married in 1734 Miss Stanley, sister of his pupils. But\\nwithin a few months, the information of the death of the woman\\nhaving proven unfounded, he left England and his wife and\\ncame to Bristol, Pennsylvania, the residence of Andrew Ham-\\nilton s wife, whose first husband, Preeson, had been a maternal\\nrelative of his. He became assistant to the Rev. Archibald\\nCummings at Christ Church.\\nBut in a brief space, dissensions arose between him and\\nhis Rector, and eventually the Bishop of London suspended his\\nlicense. However, the Vestry showed their estimation of him\\nin their letter of 28 July, 1737, to the Bishop, though this\\ngentleman, they say,\\nfor reasons which we humbly beg leave to say appear to us to be just, has\\nthought fit to decline continuing to give his assistance yet it is\\ntrue that, during the time he has exercised his ministerial function in this\\ncity, he has given great satisfaction in general to our congregation, and\\nhas been of real service to the Church of England to which, by his con-\\nduct, both in the pulpit and out of it, he has drawn great numbers of the\\nmore understanding Dissenters of all persuasions,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 93\\nFailing now work in the ministry, his energies found\\nemployment as Secretary in the Land Office, and for twenty-five\\nyears he continued in that capacity, becoming in fact the real estate\\nagent for the Proprietaries. In this office, he attained great dis-\\ncretion, showing how well the confidence of the Penns in him\\nwas justified. Referring to this parochial controversy, Bishop\\nWhite says of it It was said that Dr. Peters acquaintance\\nhad been cultivated by the genteelest families in the city but\\nthat, being no favorite with the then rector of Christ Church, the\\nRev. Archibald Cummings, he accepted from the proprietary gov-\\nernment the secretaryship of the land office, which laid the founda-\\ntion of a considerable fortune. Thomas Penn said of him a\\nfew years after this appointment, he has always discharged it\\nwith great faithfulness and his understanding and temper render\\nhim very fit for such an office where he must transact business\\nwith a great number of ignorant people closely tied to their\\nown interests. This was in 1741, when on the death of the\\nRev, Mr. Cummings, the Vestry of Christ Church recom-\\nmended him to the Bishop of London for a license, designing to\\nmake him Mr. Cummings successor in the Rectorship. The\\npetition, however, failed his connection with the proprietary\\ninterests led to jealousies lest such influence would prevail in the\\nChurch and mar its ecclesiastical independence. Peters sub-\\nmitted, to save contention, though his influence was so great in\\nthe parish as to have caused an entire independency of the\\nBishop s license had he in any way encouraged it. He became\\na member of the Vestry in 1740, and again from 1745-1752\\nand served the Church faithfully in this capacity for these years.\\nHis secular work meanwhile grew upon him, he being appointed\\n14 February, 1743, Secretary of the Province and Clerk to the\\nCouncil. It was in this year that Franklin having drawn up his\\nfirst plans for the establishment of a charity school relied upon\\nPeters to take the matter in hand and become the head of the\\nneeded institution; but this Peters declined. On 19 May, 1749,\\non a suggestion from the Proprietaries, he was made a member\\nof the Council and at once qualified. This year saw the con-\\nsummation of Franklin s proposal for an Academy and Charitable", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "94 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nSchool, and he became a hearty co-worker in it, and preached\\na sermon at the opening. He became President of the Board\\nof Trustees in 1756, He was one of the four representatives\\nof Pennsylvania in the Congress at Albany in 1754; and in\\nthe year 1756, in a conference with the Indians at Fort Stanwix,\\nhe baptized several of them, of which he had record made in\\nChrist Church registers on his return. Though thus in actual\\nsecular duties, and entitled Esquire in the organization of the\\nAcademy, he yet could not forego special exercises of his min-\\nistry. In the beginning of 1762 he resigned his Secretaryship,\\nbut continued member of the Council. In the same year, he\\nconsented to officiate regularly at Christ Church in young\\nDuche s absence abroad seeking priests orders, and when the\\nold incumbent Dr. Jenney died, he was elected Rector of the\\nUnited Churches of Christ Church and St. Peters in December,\\n1762. This met the confirmation of the Bishop of London the\\nfollowing year. In this incumbency he continued until his\\nresignation 23 September, 1775. He died 10 July following,\\nand was buried in front of the chancel of Christ Church. The\\ndegree of Doctor of Divinity had been conferred on him by\\nOxford in 1770. In 1772 he sought the aid of two Assistants\\nin his cure, in addition to the aid rendered by Mr. Duche, who\\nhad been Assistant from 1759, and the Vestry appointed on his\\nrecommendation two young graduates of the College and\\nAcademy, William White of the class of 1765 and Thomas\\nCoombe of the class of 1766; and on his resignation he was\\nsucceeded as Rector by Mr. Duche who was of the class of 1757.\\nAs Bishop White was associated with Dr. Peters in Church\\nand in College, we may find a fitting description of him by the\\nBishop s pen. Dr. Peters was a native of England he\\nwas then a young clergyman, of a respectable family in Liver-\\npool, of an excellent education, and of polished manners\\nAt an age turned of sixty, he gave up his lucrative offices, and\\nbecame more serious in religious concerns than at any former\\nperiod of his life although his morals had been correct, his\\nattendance on public worship constant and solemn, and his\\npreaching occasional. j^g adopted the notions of", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 95\\nJacob Boehtn and William Law in consequence of which his\\nsermons were not always understood. In social discourse, he\\ncould be exceedingly entertaining y^t- fj-Qm the\\nmoment of turning the conversation to religion, he was in the\\nclouds. 3^\\nDr. Peters interest in the College and Academy was second\\nonly to that of Franklin, and he shared in all the counsels of\\nthe latter in its inception and firm establishment. He suc-\\nceeded the latter as President of the Board and continued the\\nleadership for many years. His attendance at the meetings was\\nmore constant than any other, not even excepting William\\nColeman, the only interval of any note being that from July\\n1764 to December 1765 inclusive. The last time he attended\\nthe meetings was on 19 March 1776. At the meeting of\\n5 October, 1778, Mr. Robert Morris by election succeeded him\\nas Trustee. His connection with the Proprietary interests fur-\\nthered the material recognition of the new institution by the\\nPenns, and both financially and politically the association was\\nvaluable. In Franklin s early absences abroad, Dr. Peters with\\nthe Trustees and Dr. Smith in the Faculty kept in motion the\\nbusy work of the College. But, on the other hand, this par-\\nticular influence may signally have failed of advantage in the\\ntrying times of the Revolution, and have contributed to those\\nsuspicions which claimed to be the basis of the charter abroga-\\ntion of 1779, which alone could have been prevented by Frank-\\nlin s presence, who was then too far across the seas on public\\nduties to wrestle with a suspicious Governor and unstable\\nLegislature.\\nDr. Peters brother, William, was father of Richard Peters,\\na graduate of the College and Academy in 1761, Judge of the\\nU. S. District Court from 1791 to 1828, a Trustee of the College\\nfrom 1789 to 1791 he was the owner of Belmont Mansion on\\nthe Schuylkill, now in Fairmount Park.\\nMemoir, by Dr. Wilson, p. 27.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "96 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAbram Taylor was born in England about 1703, and came\\nto Philadelphia from Bristol, and was soon engaged in a success-\\nful business it is said his partner desiring to return to England\\nin 1 74 1 sold him his interest in the business for ^^7000 stg.\\nTaylor was at this time in the City Corporation, and on 29\\nDecember, 1741, qualified as a member of the Governor s\\nCouncil, In the latter part of 1744 the office for the collection\\nof the customs being vacant by the death of Mr. Alexander he\\nassumed its duties under a Deputation from Bedford the titular\\nCollector, rather than a friend should suffer by the office being\\ndepreciated and undervalued since the commencement of a\\nFrench War. He was elected Mayor in 1745, but declining\\nto serve was fined ^30. He was made Colonel of the regiment\\nof Associators for Defence formed under Franklin s lead in the\\nlatter part of 1747, the Lieutenant Colonelcy being offered to\\nthe latter but declined when Thomas Lawrence was commis-\\nsioned. He fell into a contest with the Proprietaries on the\\npurchase by him of a claim to about 20,000 acres of land, which\\nthey were unwilling to grant. So persistent was he in this, that\\nthey directed Governor Hamilton to strike his name from the\\nCouncil. He urged his claim in England in 1750; and return-\\ning to Philadelphia, he continued one of the members of the\\nCity Corporation until his final departure from the Province, in\\n1762, returning to the old country and taking up his residence\\nin Bath where he died in 1772. His departure from the\\nProvince was signalised by a public dinner given him by his\\nfriends which attracted a notice in the Pennsylvania Gazette of\\nI July, 1762\\nOn Thursday last an elegant Entertainment was prepared in the State\\nHouse by a Number of the principal Gentlemen of this city, in order to\\nbid Adieu to, and take their final Farewell of Abraham Taylor, Esq.,\\nlate one of the Council, an Alderman of the City, and Deputy Collector of\\nthe Customs in this Port, now going to reside in England. Upwards of\\nOne Hundred Gentlemen attended Mr. Taylor on this occasion, and the\\ngreatest pleasure appeared on every countenance. Towards the close of\\nthis very agreeable Entertainment Mr. Taylor was addressed by one of the\\nCompany, in the Name of the Whole, and Thanks returned him for his\\nfaithful and upright Discharge of the several offices he had the Honour to", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 97\\nfill, during a Residence of upward of Thirty Years among us and for his\\nkind, prudent, blameless, and affectionate Behaviour, as a Friend, Fellow\\nCitizen and Companion and the best and most cordial Wishes of the\\nwhole Company attended him, for his safe Passage to, and future Health\\nand Happiness in his native Land. Mr. Taylor then took the most decent\\nand affectionate Farewell of the Company, wished them, and the whole\\nProvince, all possible Blessings, Happiness and Prosperity, The Enter-\\ntainment closed in the Evening with great Harmony, becoming good\\nCitizens parting with a most worthy member.\\nHe married about 1733, Philadelphia, daughter of Patrick\\nGordon, Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania from 1726 to\\n^735-\\nMr. Taylor s attendance at the Trustees meetings resembled\\nthat of Mr. Syng s somewhat, in that they were quite regular up\\nto the forepart of 1757, when Frankhn had departed on his first\\nmission abroad, his last meeting that year being 10 May, after\\nwhich he attended one in May 1761, and his last on 18 May\\n1762. At the meeting of 14 December, 1762 election was had\\nfor a Trustee to be chosen in the room of Abraham Taylor\\nEsquire, departed out of the Province, when Mr, Andrew\\nElliott succeeded him.\\nDoctor Thomas Bond was born in Calvert county Mary-\\nland, in 1 71 2. He prepared himself for the medical profession\\nunder the well-known Dr. Hamilton, and afterwards traveled in\\nEurope in furtherance of his studies, passing some time in\\nParis, where he attended the practice of the Hotel Dieu,^\\nReturning to America, he began the practice of medicine in\\nPhiladelphia in 1734, and soon attracted the attention and\\ngained the confidence of the public. The pursuit of his pro-\\nfession did not engross his attention, for we find him an active\\nmember of the circle of young inquirers and students which\\ngrew into the American Philosophical Society, and he gave con-\\nstant attention to the affairs of the young Academy and College\\nby diligent attendance at the meetings of the Trustees, and in\\n175 I conceived the idea of establishing a hospital in Philadel-\\nphia which was originally and truly his, as Franklin\\nAmerican Medical Biography, James Thacher, i. 177.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "98 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nrecords in his autobiography and was a member of the first\\nboard of managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital, as were Ben-\\njamin Franklin and Richard Peters, his fellow trustees in the\\nAcademy. On the opening of the Hospital in 1752, the\\npatients were regularly attended by him and three other of his\\nfellow-trustees, Drs. Zachary, Cadwalader and Phineas Bond, his\\nbrother; and in 1769 he gave the first course of clinical lec-\\ntures in the Hospital. Of his introductory lecture to this course,\\ndelivered 3 December, 1766, Dr. Carson says it is a clear\\nexposition of the advantages of clinical instruction in connec-\\ntion with medical education, at the same time evincing a deep\\ninterest in the medical school recently established, to which, as\\na Trustee of the College, Dr. Bond had most zealously given\\nhis influence.\\nIn 1782 he delivered the annual address before the Ameri-\\ncan Pliilosophical Society, the subject being, The rank and\\ndignity of man in the scale of being, and the conveniences and\\nadvantages he derives from the arts and sciences, and a prog-\\nnostic of the increasing grandeur and glory of America\\nfounded on the nature of its climate. Dr. Thacher says of\\nhim, he was for half a century in the first practice in Philadel-\\nphia, and remarkable for attention to the cases under his care,\\nand his sound judgment. He was an excellent surgeon, and in\\nthe year 1768 performed two operations of lithotomy in the\\nPennsylvania Hospital with success.\\nHe continued his intercourse by correspodence with Frank-\\nlin during the latter s long sojourn abroad, and a letter of the\\nlatter written at Passy, 16 March, 1780, acknowledges Dr.\\nBond s kind letter of September 220, and I thank you, he\\nsays\\nfor the pleasing account you give me of the health and welfare of my old\\nfriends, Hugh Roberts, Luke Morris, Philip Syng, Samuel Rhoads, c.\\nwith the same of yourself and family. Shake the old ones by the hand\\nfor me, and give^the young ones my blessing. For my own part, I do not\\nfind that I grow any older. Advise those old friends of ours to\\nHistory Medical Department University of Pennsylvania, Joseph Carson,\\nM. D., 57.\\nBigelow, vii. 36.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 99\\nfollow my example Keep up your spirits, and that will keep up your\\nbodies you will no more stoop under the weight of age, than if you had\\nswallowed a handspike.\\nIt is in a postscript to this letter he adds\\nI have bought some valuable books, which I intend to present to the\\nSociety, but shall not send them till safer times.\\nDr. Bond s daughter, Rebecca, married 21 September,\\n1768, Thomas Lawrence, the grandson of Thomas Lawrence,\\nthe Councillor and his fellow-Trustee, and their second daugh-\\nter, Sarah Rebecca, married Warren de Lancey, a grandson of\\nGovernor Cadwallader Golden, and cousin of Provost de Lancey s\\nfather.\\nHe was described as of a delicate constitution, and dis-\\nposed to pulmonary consumption, but by unremitting care of\\nhis health he passed beyond the threescore and ten years, though\\nhis life was an unceasingly active one, both in practice and\\nauthorship; he died 26 March, 1784. His remains he in Christ\\nChurch Burying Ground, and on his stone is engraven this\\nepitaph\\nIn memory of\\nThomas Bond M D\\nwho practised Physic and Surgery\\nwith signal reputation and success\\nnearly half a century.\\nLamented and beloved\\nby many\\nRespected and esteemed\\nby all\\nand adorned by literary honors\\nsustained by him with dignity.\\nHe was as constant as his brother in his attendance on the\\nTrustees meeting and was one of the faithful ones who attended\\nthe last meeting on 22 November, 1779, under the charter of\\n1755, the only one of the original Trustees who then attended.\\nHe was a member of St. John s Lodge in 1734, Junior Grand\\nWarden in 1741, and Senior Grand Warden in 1755.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "100 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThomas Hopkinson was born in London 6 April, 1709, the\\nson of Thomas Hopkinson a merchant of that city. His educa-\\ntion was a hberal and practical one, and though he is said to\\nhave been at Oxford did not complete his studies there. He\\ntook up the study of law, and at twenty-two years of age decided\\non venturing himself in the colonies, coming to Pennsylvania in\\n1 73 1, and at once engaging in the practice of his profession.\\nHe became deputy to Charles Read, Clerk of the Orphans\\nCourt of Philadelphia County, and on the latter s death in Janu-\\nary, 1737, succeeded him. He was Master of the Rolls from 1736\\nto 1741, Deputy Prothonotary and afterwards Prothonotary of\\nPhiladelphia County, and chosen in October, 1741, a Common\\nCouncilman. In the latter year he succeeded Andrew Hamilton\\nas Judge of Vice-Admiralty for Pennsylvania, and on 1 3 May,\\n1747, became a member of the Provincial Council. But his\\ninterests were not confined to legal or political channels, and\\nwere equally given to literary and scientific pursuits in associa-\\ntion with Franklin and his circle, and of the American Philo-\\nsophical Society which had its origin in the Junto he was made\\nthe first President. And when the Academy was planned he\\nbecame an active Trustee and warmly co-operated with Franklin\\nin all its concerns, as he had in the institution of the new\\nLibrary Company which was established in the year of his\\narrival in the Province. In scientific affairs he was a zealous\\namateur, and shared with Franklin in some of the wonderful\\ndevelopments in the knowledge of electricity. Franklin writing to\\nhis friend Peter Collinson, 11 July, 1747, in pursuing our\\nelectrical inquiries, of the wonderful effect of pointed\\nbodies, both in drawing off and throwing off the electrical fire,\\nadds in later years the acknowledgment:^ This power of\\npoints to tJirozv off^Xi^ electrical fire, was first communicated to\\nme by my ingenious friend, Mr. Thomas Hopkinson, since\\ndeceased, whose virtue and integrity, in every station of life,\\npublic and private, will ever make his memory dear to those\\nwho knew him, and knew how to value him. Mr. Hopkinson\\ndied in Philadelphia 5 November, 175 1. Mr. Sparks says of\\nBigelow, ii. 66. Ibid. 68,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. ioi\\nhim, He was distinguished for his classical attainments, gen-\\neral learning, the brilliancy of his conversation, and his fondness\\nfor philosophical studies.\\nBut we must record the testimony of his friend Franklin to\\nhis worth, which we find in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 14\\nNovember, 175 i\\nLast week died here the honourable Thomas Hopkinson, Esq.\\nJudge of the Admiralty for this Province, one of the Governor s Council,\\nand Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Phila-\\ndelphia, c. A Gentleman possessed of many Virtues, without the Alloy\\nof one single Vice and distinguished for his attachment to the Cause of\\nJustice and Honesty which he practised in private Life with a scrupulous\\nExactness, and in Publick Affairs, with an Intrepidity and Firmness of\\nmind that was not to be shaken an excellent Ingredient in his character,\\nwhere a quick Conception, a clear Discernment, and a solid Judgment, were\\nhappily United: In Matters of Truth so faithful, that the nearest Concerns\\nof his own Interest had not a greater Share of his Application. His Benevo-\\nlence was as extensive as the proper Object of it, the whole human Race,\\nbut his great Modesty, and his not seeking to be known caused the Num-\\nber of his intimate Friends to be but small: Among those, in the Hours of\\nRecreation, he had the particular Faculty of tempering the Facetious with\\nthe Grave, in so agreeable a Manner, as made his Conversation both\\ndelightful and instructive. He was reserved in Professions of Religion,\\nbut the Spirit of Christianity actuated the whole Conduct of his Life. Not\\nconscious of any Guilt or Neglect of any Social Duty, he beheld the slow\\nApproaches of Death with an amazing cheerfulness, without any Mixture of\\nAnxiety or Fear and at last bid adieu to the world with all the Serenity of\\nMind that could flow from the Wisdom of a Philosopher joined to the\\nInnocence of a Child.\\nMr. Hopkinson married in 1736, Mary, daughter of Bald-\\nwin Johnson of Appoquinimink Hundred, Delaware.** Of their\\nchildren, Francis, the eldest, we will learn somewhat of later as\\nan honored alumnus of the College and Academy at its first com-\\nmencement, together with Jacob Duche, Jr., and John Morgan\\nafterward his brother-in-law Thomas was an alumnus of\\n1766 and afterward entered Holy Orders, dying in 1784 with-\\nSparks, vi. 87.\\nHer first cousin. Dr. James Johnson, was Canon-residentiary of St. Paul s\\nCathedral, and was in 1752 made Bishop of Gloucester, whence in 1760 he was\\ntranslated to Worcester, dying in 1774-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "102 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nout family; Elizabeth married the Rev. Jacob Duche; and\\nMary married Dr. John Morgan, who in 1765 became the\\nfirst medical professor, that of the Theory and Practice of\\nPhysics, in the College and Academy, and consequently the\\nfirst in America.\\nMr. Hopkinson had attended but ten meetings of the\\nTrustees up to 13 July, 1751, and his death made the first\\nbreak among the active Trustees, for though James Logan had\\ndied but a few days before, his age and infirmities precluded his\\ntaking any active part in the proceedings. At the meeting of\\n12 November, 175 1, Dr. Thomas Cadwalader was elected to\\ntake his trust. He was a member of St. John s Lodge, with\\nFranklin, in 1733, was elected Junior Grand Warden in 1734,\\nDeputy Grand Master in 1735, and Grand Master in 1736.\\nWilliam Plumsted was born in Philadelphia 7 November,\\n1708, the son of Clement Plumsted the Councillor, a native of\\nNorfolk, England. In 1724 young Plumsted was taken abroad\\nby his father. He subsequently became a partner of his father in\\nbusiness, and continued the establishment after his death. He\\nbecame a Common Councilman in 1739. He was made Register\\nGeneral of Wills for the Province in 1745, although it was\\nthought remarkable that a wealthy man would take it: this\\noffice he held until his death, and on 30 May, 1752 was commis-\\nsioned a Justice of the Peace of the County Courts. Brought\\nup a Friend, about middle age he renounced the Society and\\nbecame a Churchman, and joined in the petition for the lot on\\nwhich St. Peter s Church was erected in 1760, and of which he\\nbecame the first Accounting Warden. He was three times\\nMayor of Philadelphia, viz. in 1750, 1754, and 1755 it is\\nsaid he spared himself the public entertainment called for\\nfrom the retiring Mayor in 1750 by donating to the City the sum\\nof \u00c2\u00a37^. He with Chief Justice Allen and others in 1755 con-\\ntributed to a sum which was to represent the tax properly deriva-\\nble from the Proprietaries estates, at the time the Assembly was\\nrefusing to pass any bill for raising money for defence of the\\nprovince which excused the Penns from contributing. In 1757", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 103\\nhe was a member of Assembly from Northampton County. He\\ndied 10 August, 1765, and was buried in St. Peter s Church Yard.\\nAll that now can certainly be deciphered of the inscription on his\\ntombstone speaks of him as An Eminent Merchant, An\\nAlderman, and some time Mayor of Philadelphia, Whose public\\ncharacter as a useful Citizen and Magistrate Let his country tell.\\nHe married first Rebecca, daughter of Philip Kearny of Phila-\\ndelphia, and whose sister Mary was the wife of Chief Justice John\\nKinsey. She died in 1741, and he married secondly, in 1753,\\nMary daughter of George M Call, the sister of Samuel M Call\\njunior, his fellow Trustee. His daughter Elizabeth, by the first\\nmarriage, married Andrew Elliott who was elected a Trustee of\\nthe College in 1762.\\nThe Pennsylvania Gazette 14 August records this obituary\\nnotice of him\\nOn Sunday last died here, after a short, but severe, Illness, Wil-\\nliam Plumsted, Esq. one of the Aldermen of this City and the next Day\\nwas buried in St. Peter s Church Burying Ground, in the plainest Manner,\\nat his own Request, according to the new Mode, lately used in Boston and\\nNew York, having no Pall over his Coffin, nor none of his Relations or\\nFriends appearing in Mourning. We flatter ourselves, that this frugal and\\nlaudable Example of burying our Dead, so seasonably set by People of\\nFamily and Fortune, will be imitated by all, both in City and Country\\nthe good Effects of which must soon be felt, especially by those in low\\nCircumstances.\\nMr. Plumsted was more regular in his attendance at the\\nTrustees meetings in the earlier years of his service, but to the\\nlast he evinced his interest by as frequent attendance as he could\\ngive. His last meeting was that of 11 September, 1764. At\\nthe meeting of 23 September, 1765, Mr. John Lawrence was\\nelected to succeed him. He was a member of St. John s Lodge,\\nwith others of his Fellow Trustees, in 1734, was Senior Grand\\nWarden in 1735, Deputy Grand Master in 1736, Grand Master\\nin 1737, and Grand Treasurer in 1755.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "104 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nJoshua Maddox was born in 1685, a native of England.\\nHe was a member of the Vestry of Christ Church for many\\nyears, at intervals from 1728 to 1746, and a Warden, 1731-33\\nand was made a Justice of the Orphans Court i March, 1741,\\ncommissioned 4 April following on the same day with Robert\\nStrettell, a justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and 6 October,\\n1747, an alderman and associate justice of the City Court. With\\nhis associate justices, Thomas Lawrence, Edward Shippen and\\nBenjamin Franklin (probably the latter s first hearing) he sat in\\ntrial of a case in June Term, 1749 of Lawrence William vs.\\nWilliam Till, of unusual magnitude at the time for the Common\\nPleas. Mr David Paul Brown illustrates this in the following\\nsentences\\nWe have in this record a singular exhibition of the social and judicial\\nsystem of the province. Taken in connection with the large influence of\\nFriends in the civil concerns of that day, it seems to present a mixture of\\nthe times of the patriarchal government with that of the reign of the mer-\\nchant princes, and that of the highest state of artificial English law. We\\nfind here four persons, not one of whom was ever at the bar, nor, so far as\\nwe know, ever professionally educated, seated on the seat of judgment,\\nhearing an important case of commerce, and adjudging it by rules of scien-\\ntific common law jurisprudence He sat from March 1741 until\\nhis death in April, 1759, term of eighteen years, upon the seat of judg-\\nment, constantly partaking in its councils and attending its adjudications\\nand when he died at the age of seventy four, had almost become personi-\\nfied in this province with the administration of its local justice.\\nMr. Maddox was engaged in mercantile pursuits, with\\nsuccess, and was a citizen of influence and honor. His education\\nhad been a liberal one, and his library in its choice of books\\nshowed him to be a man of studious and contemplative tastes.\\nHe died 12 April, 1759. His wife survived him many years,\\ndying in 1783, at the advanced age of 102 years, as is told on\\ntheir grave stone in Christ Church Yard. His only child, Mary,\\nmarried John Wallace, of Hope Farm, Somerset County, New\\nJersey, a native of Scotland, and was mother of Hon. Joshua\\nMaddox Wallace, an alumnus of the College in 1767.\\nMr Maddox was a frequent attendant on the meetings of\\nFoniin, i. 237-238.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 105\\nthe Trustees the last he attended was on 22 November, 1758.\\nAt the meeting of 8 July, 1760, Mr Thomas Willing was elected\\nhis successor.\\nThomas White was born in London in 1704, the son of\\nWilliam White of London and Elizabeth Leigh his wife his\\nfather died when he was but four years of age, and in 1720 he\\ncame to America as apprentice to Mr. Stokes the Clerk of the\\nCounty of Baltimore he eventually became his deputy and\\nhaving pursued the study of law with the limited means then at\\ncommand in the colonies, he practiced it at the Maryland bar.\\nHe became deputy surveyor of the province for the then County\\nof Baltimore, which includes what we now know as Harford\\nCounty created in 1773, and gradually acquired lands and was\\nfortunate in developing them to the cultivation of tobacco, the\\ngreat staple of the day, and was successful in producing bar\\niron from the ores found on his estates, thus becoming one of\\nthe earliest iron producers in the colonies. He married Sophia,\\ndaughter of John Hall of Cranbury, of one of the oldest settled\\nfamilies in Baltimore County; but when he was left a widower in\\n1742 with three young daughters, he was in a few years induced\\nto make his residence in Philadelphia not alone for their better\\neducation but as well also to increase his business connections,\\nfor when settled in the commercial metropolis of the colonies, he\\n-could more readily export the produce of his plantations and\\nmake importations in exchange therefor. He attained the rank\\nof Colonel in the provincial militia, and bore this title to his\\nnew home. He must early have made the acquaintance of Franklin\\nin establishing himself in Philadelphia, through a common\\nfriend Richard Peters, who as Secretary to the Pennsylvania\\nCouncil must have often encountered the Maryland Surveyor in\\nthe boundary controversies between the Penns and Calverts.\\nHe was at the early age of twenty-seven made a Vestryman of\\nold St. George s, Spesutiae, now in Harford County, his attach-\\nment to the Church of England being drawn from the traditions\\nof several ancestral generations who leaned rather to the House\\nof Stuart, and when he came to Philadelphia he at once attached", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "io6 History of the UNivERsrrY of Pennsylvania.\\nhimself to Christ Church. He resigned his Trusteeship in the\\nAcademy and College in 1772 owing to increasing infirmities,\\nbut his young son was two years later elected a Trustee. He was\\none of the Commissioners of Peace in 1752, and on 30 May the\\nsame year was commissioned a Justice of the Peace of the County\\nCourts of Philadelphia. He espoused the cause of the colonies in\\ntheir struggles against the parliament, and perhaps his Jacobite\\ntraditions made it the more easy for him to seek a severance\\nfrom a King of the House of Hanover but an accident which\\nhad befallen him in 1757 forbade participation in any political or\\nmilitary movements of the time. When writing to his London\\ncorrespondents, Messrs. David Barclay Sons, 1 1 November,\\n1765, in ordering some articles, he adds, But not if the Stamp\\nAct be unrepealed. On one of his stated visits to Maryland\\nhe died, after a short illness, at his daughter s house at the\\nhead of Bush River, on 29 September, 1779, and his remains\\nnow lie in the old St. George s burying ground.\\nHe married secondly, Esther, daughter of Abraham Hew-\\nlings of Burlington, N. J., of a family which early in the colony\\nwere Friends, but who became followers of George Keith and\\nreturned to the Church of England and by her he had a son\\nWilliam, whom he lived to see Rector of the united Churches\\nof Christ Church and St. Peter s, but did not live to see him\\nwearing the Mitre and Mary, who became the wife of Robert\\nMorris the Financier, a Trustee of the College from 1778 to\\n1 79 1. His eminent son records of him.\\nHe was indulgent to his Family in all their reasonable Desires and\\nwas attentive to the keeping of a plentiful and hospitable Table. Among\\nhis many good Qualities, was strict Temperance and scrupulous Integrity.\\nPerhaps no Man ever lived and died with a more unreserved acknowledg-\\nment of these properties of character.\\nHis oldest grandson, Thomas Hall, a graduate of the\\nAcademy and College in 1768, while reading law in Philadel-\\nphia served for the following year as tutor in his Alma Mater.\\nCol. White s attendance with the Trustees at their meetings\\nwas very regular and would have been almost without inter-\\nmission but for his absences from the city. The last time he", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 107\\nattended was that of 30 May, 1769 and on 19 May, 1772, he\\nwrote the Trustees\\nAs it is not any longer convenient for me to give that attendance at\\nyour Meetings which the Duty of a Trustee requires, I would request you\\nto accept my Resignation, which I do not make out of any Disregard to the\\nInstitution, the Prosperity of which I shall always wish but because my\\ncontinuing longer in the office of a Trustee prevents you from having some\\nmore useful and active member.\\nAnd at the meeting of 25 May following\\nThe Hon ble Richard Penn, Esqr. the present Governor of the\\nProvince, is unanimously elected a Trustee in the Room of Col. White who\\nhas lately resigned and Dr. Peters, Mr. Inglis, and the Provost are\\ndesired to wait upon his Honor, and request his acceptance of a share in\\nthe Trust and Direction of this Institution.\\nWilliam Coleman, of whom Franklin so tenderly speaks\\nwhen reciting* the names of his friends of the Junto, as hav-\\ning the coolest, clearest head, the best heart, and the exactest\\nmorals, of almost any man I ever met with, was born in 1704,\\nthe son of William Coleman. Our friendship, he says, con-\\ntinued without interruption to his death, upwards of forty years.\\nThe meagre information we have of him does not satisfy our\\ndesires to know more of the man of whom Franklin gives such\\na testimony. He early attained eminence as a faithful citizen\\nand a successful merchant. He was a Common Councilman in\\n1739, was appointed Clerk of the City Court, 18 September,\\n1747, and on 30 June, 1749, a Justice of the Peace of the County\\nCourts of Philadelphia together with Thomas Lawrence, Abram\\nTaylor, Robert Strettell, Joseph Turner, Thomas Hopkin-\\nson, William Allen, Joshua Maddox, Charles Willing, and Ben-\\njamin Franklin, with whom he was to be a co-trustee of the new\\nAcademy organized before the close of that year. He was again\\ncommissioned 25 May, 1752, others of the Trustees then being\\nincluded, William Plumsted, Thomas White, and John Mifflin.\\nOn 27 November, 1757, he was made Presiding Justice of the\\nCourt of Quarter Sessions, and on 8 April, 1758, an associate\\nJustice of the Supreme Court of the Province, to which he was\\nBigelow, i. 143.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "io8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nre-commissioned in 1761 and again in 1764. He was the first\\nclerk to the Trustees of the Academy, resigning in 1755, and its\\nfirst Treasurer, resigning this office in 1764 being succeeded\\nby Edward Shippen, jr. The last meeting of the Trustees he\\nattended and no one was more constant in attendance than he\\nwas on 10 July, 1764; and on 21 February, 1769, John\\nAllen, Esquire, was elected to succeed him. His death occurred\\nI I January, 1769, and on 19 January following, we find in the\\nPennsylvania Gazette this obituary notice of him\\nOn Wednesday, the Eleventh instant, died at the age of 64, The\\nHonourable William Coleman, Esq., an Assistant Judge of our Supreme\\nCourt. He was always esteemed a valuable and useful citizen, and a\\nGentleman of great good sense, and unblemished Virtue. Tho much\\npleased with Study and Retirement, he possessed many social Virtues, and\\nwas ever fond of those Subjects which were most likely to render him\\nserviceable to his Neighbor. He was an able and an upright Judge, and\\nin that character gave the greatest Satisfaction to his Country. And we\\nmay say, with much Reason, that this Province has few such Men, and\\nthat few Men will be so much missed as Mr. Coleman.\\nHe married Hannah, daughter of George Fitzwater, whom\\nhe survived and without children. By his will he freed his\\nslaves, and including his Books and Mathematical Instruments,\\nhe left his residuary estate, which was rich in realty, to his wife s\\nfavorite nephew, George Clymer, the Signer, who had been left\\nan orphan at an early age, and whose care had devolved upon\\nWilliam Coleman and his wife. Judge Coleman superintended\\nyoung Clymer s education, and with his cultivated mind instilled\\ninto him a love of reading, which better fitted him for his later\\npolitical duties. George Clymer became a Trustee of the Col-\\nlege and Academy in 1779.\\nUpon the whole I proposed to them to leave the matter to Reference,\\nwhich was accordingly done by mutual consent to a very honest judicious man, Mr.\\nWilliam Coleman, a merchant of the place, Chief Justice Allen, 5 November,\\n1753. And again in a later letter to David and John Barclay of London he speaks of\\nhim as Our Mutual Friend. The Burd Papers, 1S97, pp. 9 and 75.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 109\\nXI.\\nThe first action the now organized Board of Trustees took\\nwas in the direction of securing a habitation for the new school,\\nbefore entering upon any general plan of tuition and to this.\\nend their thoughts turned to the New Building, as it was called,,\\non Fourth Street near Arch which had been built nine years\\nbefore for Whitefield s impressive ministrations, and which now\\ncould, it was thought, be had on advantageous terms, and as an\\ninvestment would prove useful and also give an evidence to the\\ncommunity of the sincerity of the design the Trustees were now\\nformulating.\\nUpon the appointment of the officers, the Minutes next\\nrecord\\nMessrs. William Allen, Abraham Taylor, Charles WiUing, Richard\\nPeters, Thomas Leech, and William Shippen are requested to treat with\\nthe Trustees of the New Building, about taking a part of it for an Academy,\\nand report the Terms on which it may be had at the next meeting. And\\nare further requested to treat with Workmen, on the expence of erecting\\nwhat is necessary for that Purpose.\\nThis Committee reported at the next meeting, namely 26\\nDecember, 1749, when all the members were present except\\nMessrs. Shippen, Hopkinson, and Zachary. The proposals of\\nthe Trustees of the Lot of Ground whereon the House com-\\nmonly called the New Building is erected for conveying the\\nsaid Lot and House to the Trustees of the Academy for the\\nuses in those proposals mentioned, were read and agreed to\\nNemine coniradicente, and the offer by Mr. Logan of his lot on\\nSixth St., before referred to, was courteously declined, and the\\nPresident requested to acquaint him with this result.\\nThis building has a place in local history of great promi-\\nnence, and a recital of its beginnings and consummation will be\\ninteresting. On a previous page it was noted how Whitefield s\\nBetween these first two meetings of the Board Franklin s friend Godfrey\\nhad died, and he thus notices his death in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 19 December,\\n1749 Last week died here Mr. Thomas Godfrey, who had an uncommon Genius\\nfor all kinds of Mathematical Learning, with which he was extremely well\\nacquainted. He invented the New Reflecting Quadrant used in Navigation.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "no History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ngreat Discourses drew extraordinary audiences to hear them and\\nsee him, and of the necessity for a place suitable in size for their\\naccommodation for although his cure was in Savannah where\\nhe had made for himself a double duty in building up also an\\nOrphanage, yet Philadelphia was the pivotal point of his great\\nmissionary tours, and this influential community drew more of\\nhis attention and labors than any other in the colonies outside\\nof Savannah. As his adherents were not drawn from the upper\\nclasses, who merely tolerated if they did not oppose him, we\\nfind that the four of the former who took title in trust to the\\nproperty on Fourth Street, were Edmund Woolly, carpenter,\\nJohn Coats, brickmaker, John Howell, mariner, and William\\nPrice, carpenter. The purchase was made 15 September, 1740,\\nfrom Jonathan Price and Wife, of the lot of ground, one hundred\\nfeet below Arch Street, with a front of one hundred and fifty\\nfeet on Fourth, opposite the old Friends Burying Ground,\\nextending westward in depth one hundred and ninety-eight feet\\nto the Burying Ground of Christ Church, which had been\\nopened in 17 19. On 14 November following these four made\\nassignment of the property in trust to Rev. Mr. George White-\\nfield, of the province of Georgia, Clerk WilHam Seward, of\\nLondon, Esquire John Stephen Benezet, of Philadelphia, Mer-\\nchant; Thomas Noble, of New York, Merchant; Samuel\\nHazard, of New York, Merchant Robert Eastburn, of Phila-\\ndelphia, Blacksmith; James Read, of Philadelphia, Gentleman;\\nEdward Evans, of Philadelphia, Cordwainer and Charles\\nBrockden, of Philadelphia, Gentleman for the purposes as\\nexpressed in the following Preamble\\nWhereas, a considerable number of Persons of different denomina-\\ntions in Religion had united their endeavours to erect a large building upon\\nthe land above described intending that the same should be appointed to\\nthe use of a Charity School for the instruction of poor children gratis in\\nuseful literature and of the Christian religion, and also that the same should\\nbe used as a House of Publick Worship And that it was agreed that the\\nuse of the said Building should be under the direction of certain Trustees\\nwhich Trustees before named and thereafter to be chosen were\\nfrom time to time to appoint fit and able school masters and school mis-\\ntresses for the service of the said school and introduce such Protestant", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. i i i\\nMinisters to Preach the Gospel in the said house as they should judge to be\\nsound in their Principles, zealous and faithful in the discharge of their duty\\nand acquainted with the Religion of the Heart and experimental piety\\nwithout any regard to those distinctions or different sentiments in lesser\\nmatters which have to the scandal of religion unhappily divided real\\nChristians.\\nThe building, elsewhere described, was erected about mid-\\nway of the lot facing eastward, and though but partially com-\\npleted, even before the roof was completed, Whitefield had\\ngathered his first congregation in it five days before the convey-\\nance. Franklin gave a very liberal construction to this liberty\\nof preaching, in writing of it in after years, for he describes the\\ndesign in building not being to accommodate any particular\\nsect, but the inhabitants in general so that even if the Mufti of\\nConstantinople were to send a missionary to preach Moham-\\nmedanism to us, he would find a pulpit at his service; but\\nWhitefield and Tennent would hardly have extended their\\nliberaHty to even a Mufti.\\nFranklin referring again to the New Building and the obli-\\ngations resting on the property, which latter formed the occasion\\nfor the Trustees of the Academy to consider the expediency of\\nsecuring it, writes\\nThe enthusiasm which existed when the house was built had long\\nsince abated, and its trustees had not been able to procure fresh contribu-\\ntions for paying the ground rent, and discharging some other debts the\\nbuilding had occasion d, which embarrass d them greatly.^ Of the four\\noriginal trustees, one of each sect was appointed, viz Church of England\\nman, one Presbyterian, one Baptist, one Moravian, who in case of vacancy\\nby death, were to fill it by election from among the contributors. The Mora-\\nvian happened not to please his colleagues, and on his death they resolved\\nto have no other of that sect. The difficulty then was, how to avoid hav-\\ning two of some other sect, by means of the new choice. Several persons\\nwere named, and for that reason not agreed to. At length one mentioned\\nme, with the observation that I was merely an honest man, and of no sect\\nat all, which prevailed with them to choose me. Being now a\\nmember of both boards of trustees, that for the building, and that for the\\nacademy, I had a good opportunity of negotiating with both, and brought\\nthem finally to an agreement, by which the trustees for the building\\n2 Bigelow, i. 207. j^j^j^ 226.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "112 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwere to cede it to those of the academy the latter undertaking to dis-\\ncharge the debt, to keep for ever open in the building a large hall for\\noccasional preachers, according to the original intention, and maintain a\\nfree school for the instruction of poor children. Writings were accord-\\ningly drawn and, on paying the debts, the trustees of the academy were\\nput in possession of the premises and, by dividing the great and lofty hall\\ninto stories, and different rooms above and below for the several schools, and\\npurchasing some additional ground, the whole was soon made fit for our\\npurpose, and the scholars removed into the building. The whole care and\\ntrouble of agreeing with the workmen, purchasing materials, and superin-\\ntending the work, fell upon me and I went through it the more cheerfully,\\nas it did not then interfere with my private business.\\nThe question of an earlier date for the foundation of the\\nUniversity is said to arise from the purchase by the Trustees in\\n1749 of this incomplete building, which was erected by subscrip-\\ntions procured in good faith in preceding years for the main-\\ntenance therein of a certain religious preaching as well also of a\\nCharity School and a gain of nine years in the University exist-\\nence is thus affirmed, inasmuch as the former enterprise was\\nprojected in 1740, and the building then shortly begun was\\ndesigned to further these two objects. The first public claim in\\nour own day of this earlier date is sanctioned by its publication in\\nthe University Catalogue of 1893-4. The year in which free\\npreaching and a free school were thus projected, need not here\\nbe considered, particularly as the operations of the latter feature,\\na free school, were not consummated for ten years and more after,\\nand then only under the efforts of the assignees, though the\\npreaching privilege was at once exercised even before the\\nroof was on. The Academy Trustees in thus taking title to the\\npremises obligated themselves to discharge the debt, to keep\\nfor ever open in the building a large hall for occasional preachers\\nand maintain a free school for the instruction of poor\\nchildren. The trustees of 1740 having erected the build-\\ning by subscriptions gathered upon these pledges, could not but\\nseek from their assignees the condition that these objects be\\ncarried out in due time, which the Academy Trustees were in no\\nwise loth to do, as these would not only prove attractions to\\nthe new movement but give them speedy possession of the\\nneeded edifice and they, in continuing good faith to the original", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 113\\nsubscribers, under this assignment, eventually started and main-\\ntained the free school as one of the prominent features of their\\nscheme of education, although some delay prevented their con-\\nsummation of this until as late as September, 175 1. Dr Peters\\nin his Sermon on Education Wherein Some Account is given of\\nthe Academy, Preach d at the Opening thereof, 7 January, 1750-\\n51, says:\\nIt became a matter of debate where to place the Academy, and many-\\narguments were offered for some village in the country as best favouring the\\nmorals of the youth but when it came to be considered that it\\nwould take a large sum to erect proper buildings at a distance from the city,\\nthat the circumstances of many of the citizens would not admit of a distant\\nplace on account of the expense, that the trustees were men of business\\nwho could not be absent from their habitations without much inconve-\\nnience, it was thought proper to fix it somewhere within the\\ncity and the more so, when the minds of the trustees of the building,\\nwhere we are now assembled, came to be imparted. These thoughtful\\npersons had been for| some years sensible that this building was not put\\nto its original use, nor was it in their power to set forward a charity school,\\nwhich was also a part of the first design, and that it was more in the power\\nof the trustees of the Academy than in others to do it they therefore made\\nan offer to transfer their right in it to the use of the Academy provided\\nthe debts which remained unpaid, might be discharged and the arrears of\\nrent paid off. This was thankfully accepted, and a conveyance was\\nexecuted\\nThe Trustees had thus taken over an encumbered and\\nincomplete building from an insolvent association, which had\\nalso failed in its free schooling project, obligating them-\\nselves in part consideration to carry forward its free preaching\\nand educational features. Had they accepted Mr. Logan s\\noffer of his Sixth street lot, and utilized it by building thereon,\\nno thought would have arisen for antedating their own creation\\nof 1749. They accepted the tender of the Fourth street prem-\\nises, even in its incompletenesss, not only for greater convenience\\nin location, but also to spare them the further loss of time\\nwhich the erection of a building on the Logan lot would have\\nentailed; but they did not, indeed could not, assume that by\\ntaking title thereto on i February, 1750, with what may be enti-\\ntled its philanthropic liens, they would thus add more years to", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "114 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ntheir associated life. The thought of an earHer date than 1749 for\\ntheir beginnings was never entertained by them or by the five\\ngenerations succeeding, and only recently arose to exercise\\nthe pleasing thought of a more extended existence by the term\\nof nine years.\\nNeither Dr. Peters nor any of his associates could have\\nentertained such a thought, for in the paragraph of the Sermon\\nimmediately preceding the one above quoted, he records the\\nbirth, which met with no contradiction by any cotemporary,\\nas of 1 749, as follows\\nNor should it be concealed, that this present institution, tho one of\\nthose kind which generally have for their Founders, sovereign Princes, or\\nbranches of Royal Families, or Nobles of the first rank and dignity,\\nowes likewise its being to a sett of private Men, who from the Neces-\\nsity of such a Seminary of learning set themselves at the close of the war,\\nseriously to think about one At last they agreed on the general\\nheads and confident of the continuance of the pubhck spirit of their fellow\\ncitizens, they ventured to publish their Proposals relating to the education\\nof youth in this province. After these were found to give gen-\\neral satisfaction, twenty-four Trustees, without regard to differences in\\nreligious persuasions, were appointed to carry them into execution Mer-\\nchants, Artificers, some likewise of the learned professions.\\nThus successful, it became a matter of debate where to place the Academy,\\nc., c., c.\\nIn announcing in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 2 August,\\n1750, the contribution of the City of Philadelphia, Franklin\\nspeaks of this as\\nfor the encouragement and support of the Academy and of the Charity\\nSchool which the Trustees of the Academy have likewise undertaken to\\nopen in this city, for instructing poor children, \u00c2\u00abS:c., c.\\nDr Smith wrote in June, 1753\\nA few private Gentlemen of this city have in the Space of two or three\\nyears, projected, begun, and carried to surprising Perfection, a very noble\\nInstitution, c., c.\\nAnd in his Eulogium on Franklin in 1791\\nthe next institution in the foundation of which he was the principal\\nagent, was the academy and charitable school of the City of Philadelphia\\nthe plan of which he drew up and published in the year 1749.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 115\\nIndeed in his more formal statement to the Assembly in\\n1788, made in his Address to the General Assembly of Pennsyl-\\nvania in the case of the violated charter of the College, c., of\\nPennsylvania, presented to the Assembly 12 March, 1788, he\\nrecites\\nThe College of Philadelphia was a private corporation similar to the\\nExeter College in Oxford it had its foundation in the year 1749, from pro-\\nposals made and published by that great friend of learning, Dr Franklin,\\nwith whom were associated the following gentlemen, twenty-\\nfour in the whole and their chief funds were of their own private subscrip-\\ntions for a number of years, aided by the voluntary benevolence of many\\nof their fellow citizens it was first stiled an Academy and before it had\\na charter, was governed by certain fundamental constitutions agreed upon\\nby the gentlemen above named as a voluntary society of founders.\\nRobert Proud, when writing his History a few years later,\\nrecorded the same date for the beginning of the institution. This\\ndate was also maintained by the late Provost Stille in his\\nMemoir of the Rev. William Smith, D.D., 1869, my great\\npredecessor. This was, further, officially held down to the\\nprinted Catalogue of the University for 1892-3, where the nar-\\nrative reads\\nA pamphlet called Proposals Relative to the Ediication of Youth in\\nPennsylvania vix\\\\\\\\X Ci\\\\x\\\\ 1749 by Dr Franklin, led to an association by\\ncertain citizens of Philadelphia for the purpose of founding a School on the\\nlines suggested by that wise counsellor.\\nThis was confirmed in the Biographical Catalogue of the\\nMatriculates of the Cohege, 1749-1893, published in 1894 by\\nthe Society of the Alumni. The General Catalogue of the\\nOfficers and Graduates of the Department of Arts, published in\\n1849, also by the Society of the Alumni, had recited from 1749\\nto 1849. BiJt in the Catalogue for 1893-4 appears the earher\\nbirth-date in the Historical Sketch, viz.:\\nA pamphlet called Proposals Relative to the Edtication of Youth in\\nPennsylvania, written in 1749 by Dr Franklin, led to an association by\\ncertain citizens of Philadelphia, for the purpose of raising to the dignity of\\nan Academy the Charitable School which had been established in 1740,\\nand which was then struggling under a debt upon the building erected for\\nits use and the accommodation of the celebrated preacher Whitefield.\\nAnd for the first time the cover of this Catalogue bore the legend,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "ii6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nand claimed the earlier date, Founded 1740 for which there\\nappears no warrant in the long and unbroken Annals of\\nthe University. It is certain that Franklin and Peters had\\nthemselves no thought of their building in 1749 upon another\\nman s foundation.\\nOn the first of February, 1750, the Trustees of the\\nAcademy met at Roberts s Coffee House, except James Logan.\\nTench Francis, and Thomas Hopkinson, Esquires; when the\\nTrustees of the New Building being present, joined in directing\\nEdmund Woolly and John Coats to convey, and they accord-\\ningly did convey the said Building Lot of ground and Appurte-\\nnances to the Trustees of the Academy, in consideration of the\\nsum of Seven hundred seventy and five pounds eighteen shillings\\nand eleven pence and three farthings to them in hand then paid\\nby the Treasurer for order of the Trustees for discharging the\\ndebts and incumbrances of the said Building. And to meet\\nthis purchase the Trustees agreed unanimously to borrow\\nEight hundred pounds of the Treasurers of the Lottery, which\\nwas accordingly done and bond given by all the Trustees for\\nrepayment of the same with interest which is to be done out\\nof the Stock of the Academy, as it shall arise.\\nThis conveyance of i February, 1750, recites the death of\\nHowell and Price, the associates of Woolly and Coats and\\nthat William Seward and Thomas Noble being since deceased,\\nthe survivors of the Cestui que trust or a majority of them,\\nnamely, Benezet, Hazard, Eastburn, Read and Evans agree to\\nWoolly and Coats assignment and sale. This conditioned that\\nthe Trustees should place, erect, found, establish, or keep a house or place\\nof public worship, and also one free school for the instructing teaching\\nand education of poor children or scholars within two years from the date\\nof the conveyance and likewise from time to time introduce such preacher\\nor preachers whom they shall judge qualified as recited in the former\\nindenture is expressed to preach and teach the word of God occasionally\\nin the said place of publick worship but yet so that no particular sect be\\nfixed there as a settled congregation and shall at all reasonable times per-\\nmit and suffer in his reasonable turn any regular Minister of the Gospel to\\npreach in the House or place on the premises which shall be set apart for\\nPublick Worship who hath signed or hereafter shall sign certain articles of\\nreligion a copy whereof is hereto annexed and whom they shall moreover", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. ti/\\njudge to be otherwise duly qualified as aforesaid and particularly shall per-\\nmit the free and uninterrupted use of the said Place of Worship to the said\\nRevd. Mr George Whitefield whenever he shall happen to be in this city\\nand desire to preach therein.\\nA meeting of the Trustees was held the following day to\\nremove the alarm which some of Mr. Gilbert Tennent s friends\\nraised, fearing that they might be forbidden the use of the New\\nBuilding for his ministrations.\\nIt being represented to the Trustees that previous to the conveyance\\nof the New Building to them, Expectations were given to the Revd. Mr.\\nGilbert Tennent and his congregation that they should be permitted with-\\nout interruption to continue the exercise of Divine Service on the Lord s\\nDay in that part of the New Building that shall be set off for public wor-\\nship until they shall be provided with an House of their own for that pur-\\npose which they are now about to erect with all convenient expedition.\\nThe Trustees esteeming the said Mr Tennent to be duly qualified accord-\\ning to the deed of Trust, and considering that the said Congregation is at\\npresent without a Meeting House, do concede and grant to him and them\\nthe free and uninterrupted use of the said Place of Worship on the Lord s\\nDay and other stated times of Meeting, free of Rent (excepting only when\\nthe Revd. Mr. Whitefield shall be present and desire to use the same) from\\nthis time until their intended New Meeting House shall be fit to accommo-\\ndate them, provided the same be ready to receive them within three years\\nnow next ensuing. [And under directions], a copy of the same was accord-\\ningly made and signed by the President by order of the Trustees and\\ndelivered to Mr. Samuel Hazard for Mr Tennent.\\nThis was the congregation of the Second Presbyterian\\nChurch who were then building their large edifice on the North\\nWest corner of Arch and Third Streets, which however was\\nnot completed for their use until May, 1752.\\nThe certain articles of religion, a copy whereof is hereto\\nannexed, above referred to, could be justly named the White-\\nfield Confession of Faith, and are duly recorded at length in\\nDeed Book Letter A, No. 5, page 168, the only instance known\\nof the Recorder of Deeds finding room in his volumes for the\\nentry of a creed. The final sentence alone need be quoted\\nhere, as epitomizing its chief articles\\nWe do also give our assent and consent to the 9th, loth, nth, 12th,\\n13th and 17th articles of the Church of England as explained by the\\nCalvinists in their Litteral and grammatical sence without any equivocation", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "ii8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwhatsoever. We mention these in particular because they are a summary\\nof the foregoing articles. We believe all that are sound in faith agree in\\nthese whatever other points they may differ in.\\nThis Deed and the Articles of i February were made the\\nsubject of an entry in the Minutes of 25 June, 1750, namel}-,\\nOrdered, That the Treasurer pay to John Moland, Esqr.,\\nTwenty Pounds for his services in framing the conveyance of\\nthe New Building to the Trustees of the Academy.\\nThe Trustees individually subscribed, as we have seen, for\\na term of three years sums aggregating annually Three Hun-\\ndred and Forty-three pounds, saving the aged Logan, whose\\ntender of a lot of ground probably took the place of a cash\\nsubscription. William Allen s subscription was the largest,\\namounting to \u00c2\u00a37^. annually the next in amount were those of\\nMasters, Zachary, and Turner, for ;^20. each, Lav/rence, M Call,\\nWilling, Taylor, Thomas Bond, and Plumsted, for ^15. each,\\nand Inglis, Francis, Franklin, Shippen, Strettell, Phineas Bond,\\nPeters, Hopkinson, Maddox, and Coleman for \u00c2\u00a310. each, and\\nLeech, Syng, and White \u00c2\u00a36. each. Governor Hamilton,\\nthrough Mr. Peters, added his annual subscription of ^^50.\\nAmong the general subscribers there are found with varying\\nsums, the names of John Baynton, Daniel Benezet, William and\\nAnn Bingham, William Blair, Richard Brockden, James Burd,\\nThomas Burgess, Captain John Coxe, William Cradock, Jacob\\nDuche, Robert Greenway, Lawrence Growden, David Hall,\\nAlexander Hamilton, Samuel Hazard, Samuel Hasell, Edwards\\nHicks, Richard Hill, Andrew Hodge, James and WiUiam Hum-\\nphreys, Abel James, Margaret Jeykill, Lynford Lardner, John\\nand Thomas Laurence, jr., Archibald M Call, David Mcllvaine,\\nCharles and Reese Meredith, Evan Morgan, Samuel Neaves,\\nJohn Ord, Stephen Paschall, James Pemberton, Samuel Read,\\nJohn Ross, Joseph Saunders, John Searle, Edward Shippen,\\nJoseph Sims, Attwood Shute, Peter Sonmans, Amos and John\\nStrettell, James Trotter, John Wallace, Townsend White, John\\nWilcocks, John Yeates a representative constituency, evidencing\\nthe sympathy of all portions of the community in the new enter-\\nprise, and resulting in a first year s subscription of ;^322.8.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 119\\nBut the contributions were not confined to home sources, for\\nMess. David Barclay Sons of London were contributors it\\nwas recorded in the minutes of 25 June, 1750, that Mr.\\nJoseph Turner acquainted the members that they had gener-\\nously presented the Academy with the sum of One Hundred\\nPounds Sterling Money, which they had ordered him to pay.\\nPublicity was given to this by Franklin in the Pennsylvania\\nGazette of 2 August, 1750\\nWe hear that an eminent merchant of London hath generously given\\na Hundred Pounds to the Academy now erecting in this City, for the\\nEducation of Youth, which has accordingly been paid into the Hands of\\nthe Trustees by his Correspondent here.\\nBut the minutes do not record the gift of the City of Phila-\\ndelphia, which was the first tie that bound the corporation to\\nwhat was to become its great institution. The Treasurer in his\\njournal records the receipt on 20 August, 1750,\\nfrom Samuel Hasell, Esq., the sum given by the Corporation towards\\nfinishing the Building, ^200. [And Franklin joyfully informs the readers\\nof the Pennsylvania Gazette of it on 2 August, 1750:] Tuesday last, the\\nMayor and Commonalty of this City met, and voted a Sum of Two\\nHundred Pounds to be paid down, and One Hundred Pounds a year, for\\nthe Encouragement and Support of the Academy and of the Charity\\nSchool which the Trustees of the Academy have likewise undertaken to\\nopen in this city, for instructing poor children in Reading, Writing and\\nArithmetic: The Corporation Only reserving a liberty of nominating\\nyearly one scholar out of those that shall be taught in the Charity School,\\nto be received into the Academy, and educated there gratis.\\nThe subject had been presented to the Council on 30 July,\\n1750, by the Recorder, William Allen, a Trustee, who\\nproposed that it might be considered. Whether this Design for the\\nadvancement of Learning, be not worthy of some encouragement from\\nthis Board as their circumstances may very well afford it. It\\nappearing to be a Matter of Consequence, and but a small number of the\\nMembers now present, [it was referred to a special Meeting to be called for]\\nTomorrow at four o clock in the Afternoon to consider of the proposal.\\nAt the Common Council held next day, of those present\\nthe Mayor, the Recorder, three of the Aldermen, and eight of\\nthe Common Council Men, were Trustees, viz: Lawrence,\\nAllen, Turner, Strettell, Plumsted, Francis, Franklin, M Call,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "I20 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nInglis, Shippen, Thomas Bond, Hopkinson and Coleman\\nAnd a Paper containing an Account of what is already done\\nby the Trustees of the Academy, and what Advantages are\\nexpected from that Undertaking being laid before the Board\\nwas read. This had been prepared by Franklin and is spread\\nat length upon the minutes it is given elsewhere. It recites\\nThe Trustees of the Academy have already laid out near ^800. in the\\nPurchase of the Building, and will probably expend near as much more\\nin fitting up Rooms for the Schools, and furnishing them with proper Books\\nand Instruments for the Instruction of Youth. The greatest Part of the\\nMoney paid and to be paid is subscribed by the Trustees themselves, and\\nadvanced by them many of whom have no children of their own to\\neducate, but act from a view to the Public Good, without regard to sect or\\nparty. The Benefits expected from this Institution are: That\\nthe youth of Pennsylvania may have an opportunity of receiving a good\\nEducation at home, and be under no necessity of going abroad for it.\\nThat a Number of our Natives will hereby be qualified to be our\\nMagistracies, and execute other public offices of Trust, with Reputation to\\nthemselves and Country; there being at present great want of Persons so\\nqualified in the several counties of this Province. And this is the more\\nnecessary now to be provided for by the English here, as vast numbers of\\nForeigners are yearly imported among us, totally ignorant of our Laws,\\nCustoms and Language. That a Number of the poorer Sort will hereby be\\nqualified to act as Schoolmasters in the Country, to teach Children Read-\\ning, Writing, Arithmetic, and the Grammar of their Mother Tongue\\nthe Country suffering at present very much for want of good\\nSchool masters. It is thought that a good Academy erected in\\nPhiladelphia, a healthy place where Provisions are plenty, situated in the\\nCenter of the Colonies, may draw Numbers of Students from the neighbor-\\ning Provinces, who must spend considerable Sums yearly among us, in\\nPayment for their Lodging, Diet, Apparel, c. Numbers of\\npeople have already generously subscribed considerable sums to carry on\\nthis Undertaking but others, well disposed, are somewhat discouraged\\nfrom contributing, by an Apprehension, lest when the first Subscriptions\\nare expended, the Design should drop The great Expence of such a\\nwork is in the Beginning. Some Assistance from the Corpora-\\ntion is immediately wanted and hoped for it will greatly\\nstrengthen the Hands of all concerned, and be a means of Establishing\\nthis good work and continuing the good Effects of it down to an late\\nPosterity. The Board having weighed the great Usefulness of\\nthis Design, after several Propositions heard and debated, agreed that a\\nSum of Money by this Board and paid down towards compleating the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 121\\nBuilding which the Trustees have purchased, and are now fitting up for\\nthe Purpose; and hkewise, that a sum or sums be given yearly by this Board,\\nfor five years to come, towards the support and Maintenance of the Schools\\nunder the direction of the said Trustees,\\nwith the result as announced by Frankhn in the next issue of his\\nGazette. Thomas Lawrence s Mayoralty terminated the follow-\\ning October, and he was succeeded by William Plumsted and\\nhis year s salary he gave to the Academy, which Proposal was\\napproved by a great Majority at a Common Council held 21\\nMarch, 1751; and Mr. Coleman enters the receipt from Samuel\\nHassell, Esq., Treasurer to the Corporation, being presented by\\nThomas Lawrence, Esqr., late Mayor of this City (with the\\nApprobation of the Common Council) in lieu of giving a Mayor s\\nFeast the sum of ;^ioo and another Trustee makes, in the entry\\nof the same date, the Academy the beneficiary of his civil fees,\\nviz: from William Allen, Esq, late Recorder, being his half\\nyear s Salary as Recorder he gives i^i2.iO.\\nBut with all the subscriptions and benefactions, the loan\\nfrom the Philadelphia Lottery of Eight Hundred Pounds author-\\nised by the Trustees at their third meeting was quite necessary,\\nas the building required considerable alterations, besides the\\nneeded school outfit much of which would have to be imported.\\nIn twelve months there were expended in the New Building\\nupwards of ;^598, to make it conform to their proposed require-\\nments. This includes an item on 21 August, 1750, paid for\\nProvisions at second raising ;^4.4, ii; which was doubtless a\\nwholesome and needful expenditure but when the good Treas-\\nurer records in all gravity, 2 May, given the Bricklayers to\\ndrink 2/3, and the same date given ditto for drink 7/6, we\\nare led from the object of the expenditure to consider what\\nmay be in grammatical correctness designed for a distinction in\\nthe two entries by the use of a different preposition. The\\nBricklayers were a favored crew, for they received at this sec-\\nond Raising, for drink, 15.?. However, the Carpenters were\\nlater remembered, as on 31 October they were paid for drink\\nyld, on 7 December, lOi and on 3 January again 7/6. As\\nFranklin had charge of the repairs and alterations in the Build-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "122 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ning and rendered exact accounts of every item expended to his\\nworthy friend the Treasurer, which the latter faithfully records,\\nhe must have found local custom too strong to resist, and doubt-\\nless with resignation submitted and with a protest charged the\\nidle expenditure to the Academy funds. These are the little\\npictures which display to us customs of time and place.*\\nAn offer from Mr. Samuel Hazard made to the Trustees\\nand reported to them at the meeting of lo November, 1750, to\\nsell them two lots, one on each side of the Academy lot, subject\\nto Ground Rents, for the sum of three hundred pounds, was\\naccepted. One of these was twenty-five feet on Fourth Street\\nby one hundred and thirty-nine feet eight inches adjoining the\\nAcademy lot on the north, and the other thirty-four feet by one\\nhundred and forty feet adjoining on the south. This gave the\\nTrustees a frontage of two hundred and nine feet on Fourth\\nStreet. The first payment of ;^I5 5 was made on 27 February,\\nand the balance of ^145 on 23 April following. This increase\\nof Real Estate, which it will be seen was added to in 1753, by\\nabsorbing all the ground Northward to Arch Street, was simply\\nan indication on the part of those interested that they were\\nplanting for the future an institution of far reaching capabilities\\nand usefulness the sagacity exhibited in these purchases was\\nequalled only by the faith held by these gentlemen in the great\\npromises of their Academy and Charity School.\\nFranklin s summary of the work now begun must be told by\\nhis own narrative, which cannot be equalled in another s lan-\\nguage. To Jared Eliot he is writing on 13 February, 1750-51,^\\nand after giving his thoughts about the northeast storms begin-\\nning to leeward, and an account of his visit to Schuyler s copper\\nmines in New Jersey the previous Autumn, he proceeds,\\nIt will be agreeable to you to hear, that our subscription goes on\\nIn his essay on the Vice of Drunkenness in the New England Courant which\\nFranklin had written more than twenty-five years before, he said I doubt not but\\nmoderate Drinking has been improved for the Diffusion of Knowledge among the\\ningenious Part of Mankind who want the Talent of a ready utterance, in order to dis-\\ncover the Conceptions of their Minds in an entertaining and intelligible Manner.\\nDid he now recall this sentiment in the tipple to these workmen\\nBigelow, ii. 164.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 123.\\nwith great success, and we suppose will exceed five thousand pounds of\\nour currency. We have bought for the Academy the house that was built\\nfor itinerant preaching, which stands on a large lot of ground capable of\\nreceiving more buildings to lodge the scholars, if it should come to be a\\nregular college. The house is one hundred feet long and seventy wide,\\nbuilt of brick, very strong, and sufficiently high for three lofty stories. I\\nsuppose the building did not cost less than two thousand pounds but we\\nbought it for seven hundred seventy five pounds, eighteen shillings, eleven-\\npence, and three farthings; though it will cost us three and perhaps four\\nhundred more to make the partitions and floors, and fit up the rooms. I\\nsend you enclosed a copy of our present Constitutions but we expect a\\ncharter from our Proprietaries this summer, when they may probably\\nreceive considerable alterations.\\nWith what gratification must he have written to Mr EHot\\non 12 September following Our Academy flourishes beyond\\nexpectation. We have now above one hundred scholars, and\\nthe number is daily increasing.\\nThis large building, originally designed for one large audi-\\nence room, or great and lofty hall as Franklin describes it,\\nwith two rows of windows as we see in many of our older\\nchurches, was divided into two stories, and rearranged substan-\\ntially as we of our generation knew it before its complete\\ndestruction in 1844. The well known cuts of it in local histo-\\nries afford a correct exterior view. The entrance opened into a\\nlarge hall, on either side large class rooms, that to the north\\nbeing occupied by the Charity School. The Western half\\nof the first floor was occupied by the large school room, about\\nninety by thirty-five feet, in the centre of which was a platform\\nwhereon all the teachers from the unhappy Beveridge to the\\nrobust Crawford wielded their authority, from which however\\nthe latter would often descend to try his rattan on some heedless\\npupil who perchance had little thought then of commem-\\norating the worthy Dominie in these pages. The hall here\\nturned to the South between the laree room and the front class\\nBigelow, ii. 235, and he adds We have excellent masters at present and as\\nwe give pretty good salaries, I hope we shall always be able to procure such. We\\npay the Rector, who teaches Latin and Greek, per annum ./^T^oo\\nThe English master \u00c2\u00a3^5^\\nThe Mathematical professor \u00c2\u00a3^^5\\nThree assistant teachers, each ^60 ^o", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "124 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nroom, and then to the West, opening out into the play ground,\\nabout one hundred feet by fifty, where many a happy half hour\\nwas spent during recess, and where Alexander Graydon, the\\nnew pupil, perhaps earned his first laurels in the art of self\\ndefense.^ We moderns when relaxing thus in the midst of\\nschool hours, had little thought of the worthy and venerable\\nassociations which clustered around the building nor were John\\nBeveridge s pupils a century before us anymore mindful of these,\\nwhen on a concerted signal a few hiding in the play ground closed\\nthe heavy wooden shutters to darken the room on his entrance,\\naffording to the majority remaining within the fun of raising a\\nBedlam, from which the unlucky professor could only find refuge\\nunder a school form and escape from their missiles of books and\\nrulers.^ In this side hall arose a heavy stair case with a solid\\nbalustrade which had stood the racket of hundreds of lads of all\\nsizes and weights, and which on a turn opened into a large upper\\nhall covering the width of the building and about ninety feet of\\nits length. Across the south end, over the stairway, was a gal-\\nlery, and the rostrum was against the north wall. Here were\\nheld the Commencements and all the public exercises, and on\\nSundays Divine service by Whitefield when he was in the city,\\nby Dr Tennent with his new congregation, and by others who\\ncould subscribe the Creed recited in the deed of conveyance.\\nHere we may picture Mr. Smith s first display of his pupils ora-\\ntorical accomplishments in the Christmas holidays of 1756 when\\nthey performed the Masque of Alfred, which they repeated the\\nfollowing spring before sundry of the colonial Governors then\\nvisiting Philadelphia. A space of perhaps eighty feet or more\\nremained between the building and Fourth Street, the street\\nbeing shut off by a high wall, in which was a modest gate. This\\nfront campus was devoted solely to the solemn entrance or the\\njoyful exit of the pupils, and no play or pranks were here per-\\nmitted. And even in our day there sat just outside of the gate\\nthe descendant of the old dame of Gabriel Thomas time, vend-\\ning on any day in the week, tarts, pies, cakes, c which cer-\\ntainly were toothsome if not wholesome.\\nMemoirs of a Life, c. Alexander Graydon, 28. Ibid, p. 35.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 125\\nHerein continued the operations of the College and Uni-\\nversity until the purchase a half century later of the premises on\\nNinth Street, between Market and Chestnut Streets, whither\\nthey moved in 1802, and which is now succeeded by the\\nUnited States Post Office and by a happy coincidence there\\nstands on the latter s front pavement the bronze statue of Ben-\\njamin Franklin, recently erected there to the memory of the\\ngreat colonial Postmaster General, appointed in 1753, who was\\nas well the Founder of the University, from which the Govern-\\nment holds its present title.\\nXII.\\nBut in the midst of these material preparations for the\\naccommodation of the future scholars, the mental provision for\\nthem was well undertaken. At the meeting of 29 March it was\\nvoted that a sum not exceeding one hundred pounds sterling\\nbe paid by the Treasurer to the said Committee [Messrs Franklin,\\nAllen, Coleman, Peters, Hopkinson and Francis] to be disposed\\nof in Latin and Greek Authors, Maps, Drafts and Instruments\\nfor the use of the Academy; which the Journal tells us was\\nforwarded in a bill of Robert and Amos Strettell s for one hun-\\ndred pounds sterling, which cost the Trustees at the current\\nexchange iS 1 7 3. 10, to Mr. Peter Collinson in London for his\\npurchase of the required articles. It was through Mr. Colhn-\\nson s friendly agency in January following that they bought a\\nparcel of Latin and Greek books of John Whiston, Bookseller,\\n\u00c2\u00a32)0.11 prints bought of Bowles 59/, and Instruments bought\\nof Adams \u00c2\u00a3^.14, and Mathematical instruments bought of John\\nMoyan ;^33.i2/6, which with shipping, insurance, and current\\nrate of exchange cost them ^^138.3.10. On the margin of this\\nlast entry, Franklin has himself made a note describing some of", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "126 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthe items in the bills, Bowning s Phil\u00c2\u00b0 15/, Philipps Lang 5/,\\nMap of the World 9/, Rectifer 3/6. Of Mr. Collinson, Franklin\\nwrote to Jared Eliot, 12 September, 1 751,- in answer to inquiries\\nabout him\\nthe Collinson you mention is the same gentleman I correspond with.\\nHe is a most benevolent, worthy man, very curious in botany and other\\nbranches of natural history, and fond of improvements in agriculture, c.\\nHe will be pleased with your acquaintance. In the late Philosophical\\nTransactions, you may see frequently papers of his, or letters that were\\ndirected to him, on various subjects. He is a member of the Royal Society.\\nFranklin s correspondence with this gentleman in his Elec-\\ntrical experiments has been referred to on a previous page; his\\nletter to Mr. Michael Collinson giving some biographical facts\\nrespecting himself is found in Sparks Frmiklin, vii. 426, and\\ncontains the sentence The characters of good men are exem-\\nplary, and often stimulate the well disposed to an imitation,\\nbeneficial to mankind and honourable to themselves.\\nWe are not told the places of meeting of the Trustees,\\nexcept those of the ist and 2nd February, which were held at\\nRoberts s Coffee House. The subsequent meetings doubtless\\nwere held in one of the apartments of the New Building, other\\nthan those which were undergoing alteration and change.\\n1 Compendious System of N atural Philosopliv, by John Bonning, of which an\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2edition had been printed in London in 1744, two vols. Way of Teaching Languages,\\nLondon, 1723, by J. Thomas Philipps.\\nBigelow, ii. 235.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 127\\nXIII.\\nThough Mr. Martin had been secured for the Rectorship,\\nthere had been higher aims in view, and Franklin bent his\\nenergies to secure a clergyman of the Church of England, the\\nRev. Samuel Johnson, D. D. of Stratford, Connecticut, to under-\\ntake the general direction of the Academy and it must have\\nbeen with this design in view that Mr. Martin accepted the\\nRectorship. Under the Constitutions, the Rector was obliged,\\nwithout the Assistance of any Tutor, to teach twenty Scholars\\nthe Latin and Greek Languages, and at the same Time, accord-\\ning to the best of his Capacity, to instruct them in History,\\nGeography, Chronology, Logick, Rhetorick, and the English\\nTongue and Twenty-five Scholars more for every Usher pro-\\nvided for him, who shall be entirely subject to his Direction.\\nHe was to be in fact, the first professor in honor and rank, and\\nno reference was made to his general governance of the institu-\\ntion or to any responsibility attaching to the office as head of\\nthe faculty. Such a person was needed, although not so stipu-\\nlated in the Constitutions, and came to be known afterwards\\nunder the amended charter of 1755 as Provost, when the then\\nRector, Dr. AHson, was made Vice-Provost, and the Rev. William\\nSmith being the first incumbent of the Provostship. Such an\\none Franklin believed he found in Dr. Johnson, whose eminence\\nas a divine and a scholar in the Eastern Provinces had brought\\nto him in 1743 Oxford s degree of Doctor of Divinity. They\\nwere both correspondents of Cadwallader Colden, and through\\nthis learned intermediary Franklin formed Johnson s acquaint-\\nance, and the more he knew of him the more did he desire to\\nsecure him for his new Philadelphia enterprise. So earnest was\\nhe in the pursuit of this object, that he and his associate Trustee,\\nTench Francis, journeyed to Stratford in the early summer of\\n1750, hoping ;to secure his acquiescence in their plans. It\\nappears that some talk of a college for New York had been had\\nin 1749, and Johnson had been consulted in regard to it. The\\nknowledge of this, and the present lack of certainty in the New\\nYork movement, must have led Franklin to the belief that the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "128 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ngood Stratford Rector would prefer engaging in the new institu-\\ntion in the metropohs of the British colonies than await the\\ndevelopments of one in New York. Johnson had sought upon\\nthis latter the advice and counsel of the good George Berkeley,\\nBishop of Cloyne, whose few years residence in this new country\\nhad endeared him to all here who were his friends or corre-\\nspondents. The Bishop s wise and friendly reply of 23 August,\\n1749, reached Stratford after the visit of the Philadelphia gentle-\\nmen, and Dr. Johnson enclosed it to Franklin, but his letter of\\ninclosure is not preserved. The entire correspondence is given\\nin the Appendix, as no mere extracts, for which the text can\\nfind a place here, can offer a just estimate of the communications\\nwhich these two worthy men had one with the other on the\\nsubject.\\nIn age, Samuel Johnson was ten years the senior of Benja-\\nmin Franklin, being born in Guilford, Connecticut, 14 October,\\n(o. s.) 1696. At ten years of age his first schooling was under\\nthe tuition of Jared Eliot, a Yale graduate of 1706; although\\nthis tutelage continued but a year, as Eliot then entered the\\nministry and settled at Killingworth, yet the latter s affection for\\nhis pupil ripened into friendly relations in after life and as\\nEliot and Franklin became correspondents the latter must have\\nheard through him of his former pupil. Johnson graduated at\\nYale College when it was yet at Saybrook, in 17 14, and follow-\\ning the example of his early preceptor he began teaching a\\nschool of the higher order in his native town. When the Trus-\\ntees decided in 17 16 to move the College to New Haven,\\nJohnson was elected one of the Tutors, and he was for a time\\nthe only tutor in the new location, being joined in 171 8 by his\\nclassmate Daniel Brown, the animosities engendered by the\\nremoval of the College keeping apart for some years the con-\\ntending factions created by this removal. The controversies\\nterminated in 17 19, and Governor Yale s benefactions in money\\nand books to the institution won for it the name it has honestly\\nborne in the long years since. In March, 1720, he was ordained\\na Congregational Minister, but even at that moment, had\\nwritten a paper which yet remains in manuscript entitled", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 129\\nMy present Thoughts of Episcopacy with what I conceive may\\njustifie me in accepting Presbyterial Ordination, which prepares\\nus to accept without surprise his eventual adoption of Episco-\\npalian views. Many of his friends were moved in the same\\ndirection and when the Rev. Timothy Cutler, the President of\\nthe College, Rev. John Hart, Rev. Samuel Whittelsey, Rev.\\nJared Eliot, Rev. James Wetmore, Rev. Daniel Brown, and\\nhimself, made a public declaration on Commencement Day, 17\\nSeptember, 1722, that some of them doubted the validity, and\\nthe rest were more fully persuaded of the invalidity of Presby-\\nterian ordination in opposition to the Episcopal, we can scarcely\\npicture to ourselves in these later days the grief and surprise\\nwith which it was received not only in the College, but through-\\nout the colony where State and Church were almost indissoluble.\\nThis was a theological and religious movement without parallel\\nin colonial days. The public discussions held to convince them\\nof their error, had the effect of preventing Eliot, Hart and Whit-\\ntelsey actually seeking Episcopal ordination, and these remained\\nto the end of their days in the Congregational ministry, and\\nthey continued friends but not members of Episcopacy. John-\\nson, Cutler, and Brown sailed in a few weeks for England, and\\non 22 March, 1723 they were ordained Deacons, and on 31\\nMarch, Priests, both ordinations being held at St. Martins-in-the-\\nFields, London but Brown fell a victim to smallpox and died\\non 13 April, a disease Cutler was seized with on his arrival but\\nhappily recovered from. Johnson returned to Stratford by\\nNovember following. There was no place of public worship for\\nEpiscopalians in Connecticut, but one had been begun m Strat-\\nford, of which Johnson took the Rectorship, and it was opened\\nfor religious services on the Christmas twelvemonth. Here he\\ncontinued faithful in the discharge of his pastoral duties, with an\\naffectionate interest for his a/ma mater, in whose early tribula-\\ntions he had a share, and with a revival of his taste for teaching^\\nin the growth of his children, his eldest son being born in 1727\\nwhose early years found all their mental training at his hands j\\nand that it might be more agreeable to them to have com-\\npanions, he took several gentlemen s sons of Newport and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "130 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAlbany. On Bishop Berkeley s visit to this country and his\\nresidence at Newport, Rhode Island, he visited him, and began\\na lifelong acquaintance, and was to some extent a sharer in his\\npeculiar views. The Bishop s scheme for a great college in\\nsome part of the new world growing up under England, must\\nhave found a sympathiser in Johnson and when a College was\\ntalked of in New York, and Johnson was conferred with on the\\nmatter, he at once sought the advice and counsel of Berkeley,\\nwith the result already noticed.\\nFranklin s visit to Stratford must have afforded him some\\nhopes of success with his appeal to Johnson. He writes him, 9\\nAugust, 1750,\\nMr Francis, our Attorney General, who was with me at your house,\\nfrom the conversation then had with you, and reading some of your pieces,\\nhas conceived an esteem for you equal to mine The character we have\\ngiven of you to the other trustees, and the sight of your letters relating to\\nthe Academy, has made them very desirous of engaging you in that design,\\nas a person whose experience and judgment would be of great use in form-\\ning rules and establishing good methods in the beginning, and whose name\\nfor learning would give it a reputation. We only lament that in the infant\\nstate of our funds we cannot make you an offer equal to your merit But\\nas the view of being useful has most weight with generous and benevolent\\nminds, and in this affair you may do great service not only to the present\\nbut to future generations, I flatter myself sometimes that if you were here,\\nand saw things as they are, and conversed a little with our people, you\\nmight be prevailed with to remove. I would therefore earnestly press you\\nto make us a visit as soon as you conveniently can and in the meantime\\nlet me represent to you some of the circumstances as they appear to be.\\nIt has long been observed, that our Church is not sufficient to\\naccommodate near the number of people who would willingly have seats\\nthere. The buildings increase very fast towards the south end of the town,\\nand many of the principal merchants now live there which being at a\\nconsiderable distance from the present church, people begin to talk much\\nof building another, and ground has been offered as a gift for that purpose.\\nThe Trustees of the Academy are three fourths of them members of the\\nChurch of England, and the rest men of moderate principles. They have\\nreserved in the building a large hall for occasional preaching, public\\nlectures, orations, etc. it is 70 feet by 60 feet, furnished with a handsome\\npulpit, seats, etc. In this Mr. Tennent collected his congregation, who\\nLife and Correspondence of Samuel yohnson, D. D., by Rev. Dr. Beards-\\nley, p. 157.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 131\\nare now building him a meetinghouse. In the same place, by giving now\\nand then a lecture, you might, with equal ease, collect a congregation that\\nwould in a short time build you a church, if it should be agreeable to you.\\nAnd when you are well settled in a church of your own,\\nyour son may be qualified by years and experience to succeed you in the\\nAcademy or if you rather choose to continue in the Academy, your son\\nmight probably be fixed in the church. I acquainted the trus-\\ntees that I would write to you, but could give them no dependence that\\nyou would be prevailed on to remove. They will, however, treat with no\\nother till I have your answer. There are some other things best\\ntreated of when we have the pleasure of seeing you. It begins now to be\\npleasant travelling. I wish you would conclude to visit us in the next\\nmonth at furthest. Whether the journey produce the effect we desire or\\nnot, it shall be no expense to you.\\nDr. Peters wrote the same day to Dr. Johnson urging a\\nvisit and inviting him to his house:\\nI am obliged to you for the honor you did me in your compliments\\nto Mr. Franklin and Mr. Francis Though personally unknown\\nto you, I must take the freedom, from a hint that such a journey would\\nnot be disagreeable to you, to give you an invitation to my house. Let\\nme, good sir, have the pleasure of conversing with a gentleman whose\\ncharacter I have for a long time esteemed. I can tell you\\nbeforehand, that can my friends or I find any expedient to engage your\\nresidence among us, I will leave nothing unattempted in the power of.\\nReverend Sir, your affectionate brother and humble servant, Richard\\nPeters\\nFrom Dr. Johnson s retention of his Stratford cure when he\\nfinally accepted the Presidency of King s College, we may see in\\nthis an obstacle in his way to coming to Philadelphia almost\\ninsuperable. Stratford was within easy stages of New York,\\nwhere he would reside during College term. Franklin held out\\nto him the hope of building up a new cure in Philadelphia, thus\\nanticipating by ten years the formation of St. Peter s Church\\nwhich grew out of Christ Church. But this would have been\\nconsidered an intrusion, unless Dr. Jenney the Rector had made\\nthe way open for the effort however. Dr. Peters was at that time\\nin the Vestry and could have facilitated the assent of the Rector.\\nBeardsley, i6o.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "132 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nFranklin in his rejoinder of 23 August endeavors to combat\\nthis, and with one of his apt similes\\nYour tenderness of the Church s peace is truly laudable but, me\\nthinks, to build a new church in a growing place is not properly dividing\\nbut multiplying and will really be a means of increasing the number of\\nthose who worship God in that way. Many who cannot now be accommo-\\ndated in the church go to other places or stay at home and if we had\\nanother church, many who go to other places or stay at home, would go to\\nchurch. I suppose the interest of the church has been far from suffering\\nin Boston by the Building of two new churches there in my memory. I\\nhad for several years nailed against the wall of my house, a pigeon box\\nthat would hold feix pair and though they bred as fast as my neighbors\\npigeons, I never had more than six pair the old and strong driving out the\\nyoung and weak, and obliging them to seek new habitations. At length I\\nput up an additional box, with apartments for entertaining twelve pair\\nmore, and it was soon filled with inhabitants, by the overflowing of my first\\nbox and of others in the neighborhood. This I take to be a parallel case\\nwith the building a new church here.\\nThe correspondence was continued, Franklin again writing\\nhim 13 September, but Dr. Johnson gave a final reply in Jan-\\nuary, 1752\\nI am now plainly in the decline of life, both as to activity of body\\nand vigor of mind, and must, therefore, consider myself as being an Emeri-\\ntus, and unfit for any new situation in the world or to enter on any new\\nbusiness, especially at such a distance from my hitherto sphere of action\\nand my present situation, where I have as much duty on my hands as I am\\ncapable of and where my removal would make too great a breach to be\\ncountervailed by any good I am capable of doing elsewhere, for which I\\nhave but a small chance left for much opportunity. So that I must beg\\nmy good friends at Philadelphia to excuse me, and I pray God they may be\\ndirected to a better choice. And as Providence has so unexpectedly pro-\\nvided so worthy a person as Mr. Dove for your other purpose, I hope the\\nsame good Providence will provide for this. I am not personally acquainted\\nwith Mr. Winthrop, the Professor at Cambridge, but by what I have heard\\nof him, perhaps he might do. But I rather think it would be your best\\nway to try if you cannot get some friend and faithful gentleman at home, of\\ngood judgment and care, to inquire and try if some worthy Fellow of one\\nor other of the universities could not be obtained. Perhaps Mr. Peters or\\nMr. Dove may know of some acquaintance of theirs, that might do likely\\nBeardsley, 163, also Bigelow, ii. 204. This is the only letter of this inter-\\nesting correspondence included by Mr. Bigelow. BearJsley, 165, 167.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 133\\ndulchis ex ipsio foriibus. Meantime you have, indeed, my\\nheart with you as though I were ever so much with you in presence, and if\\nthere were any good office in my power you might freely command it.\\nFrom Franklin s press was issuing at this time the sheets\\nof a work by Johnson on Ethics, entitled Elementa Philosophica,\\ncontaining chiefly Noetica, or Tilings relating to the Mind or Un-\\nderstanding and Ethica, or tilings relating to the Moral Be-\\nhaviour. It bears the imprint of B. Franklin and D. Hall,\\nPhiladelphia, 1752. In Johnson s letter, last referred to, he re-\\nfers to this I thank you for sending the two sheets of my\\nNoetica, which are done with much care. I find no defects\\nworth mentioning but what were probably my own.\\nA work written by Samuel Johnson, printed by Benjamin\\nFranklin, and dedicated to Bishop Berkeley, is singular in this\\nhappy conjunction of noted names. And it is a happy coinci-\\ndence that a vice Provost of the University of Pennsylvania has\\ngiven us the first American Annotations on Bishop Berkeley s\\nTreatise on the Principles of Human Knowledge. Dr. Krauth\\nsays the first place in the Berkeleyan roll of honor is due to\\nDr. Samuel Johnson, and describes his Elementa Philosophica\\nas thoroughly Berkele3^an in its main features.\\nKing s College had been less Catholic in its intentions and\\ndesigns than the Philadelphia Academy, and was without a lead-\\ning mind to direct its early steps such as the latter was\\nfavored with. As early as 1746 a provincial act was passed\\nauthorising a lottery for a College the results of this, to which\\nwere added some benefactions of Trinity Church, produced more\\nthan ;^3400. which were placed in the hands of Trustees by en-\\nactments of the Colonial Legislature in 1753, a majority of whom\\nwere Church of England men.\\nThe Presbyterian interest, under the leadership of William\\nLivingston, thwarted its consummation for some years but a\\ncharter was finally granted 31 October, 1754, and Samuel John-\\nson accepted the Presidency leaving his pleasant home at\\nStratford in April, but neither removing his family or resigning\\nf A Treatise, etc., tvith Prolegomena and Annotations, Charles V. Krauth,\\nD. D., Philada., 1886, p. 36. See Sparks, vi. 125, note. Also letter of Franklin to\\nJohnson about the slow sale of Noetica, 15 April, 1754, in Beardsley, iSo.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "134 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nhis parish. On reaching New York he was unanimously chosen\\nan assistant Minister of Trinity Church, which he declined. His\\nlabors for the College, his early building of it, do not find a\\nplace here they are elsewhere more worthily written but it\\nis pleasant to contemplate here even at this late day, the in-\\nteresting historic connection existing between Columbia College\\nand the University oi Pennsylvania in the associations with the\\nlatter which the first President of the former held and the Uni-\\nversity may with peculiar interest reflect that perhaps it was the\\nsuccess of efforts of Benjamin Franklin and his colaborers in\\nPhiladelphia that hastened the work in New York and enabled\\nthe founders of Columbia to more effectively overcome the op-\\nposition of politics or of jealousy. A graceful reminder of this\\nexists in a Library chair of Franklin s, the legacy of Mrs. Cath-\\narine Wistar Bache to Dr. Hosack and by him given to the\\nLiterary and Philosophical Society of New York in 1822, which\\nis maintained in a place of honor in the Library of Columbia\\nCollege. May the bond of friendship continued in their con-\\ntemporary years of youth not be forgotten in the present day\\nwhen both institutions are rising more fully into the recognition\\nof University needs. Nor must it be forgotten that the funds\\nin later years collected in the Mother country for the aid of both\\nthese institutions was done in a joint commission, upon\\nwhich Jay and Smith so successfully planted their Appeal for aid\\nin developing colonial education.\\nDr. Johnson s advertisement of the opening of the new\\nCollege in i July, 1754 was given in the N. V. Gazette or the\\nWeekly Post Boy, of 3 June and its terms foreshadow the cur-\\nriculum and discipline of the institution, and as it is worthy of\\nperusal as not only showing the Doctor s present arrangements\\nbut his future plans, it is printed entire elsewhere. But the last\\nArticle seems such a reflex of the Philadelphia Proposals of\\n1 749 that it will bear repetition here.\\nAnd, lastly, a serious, virtuous, and industrious Course of Life, being\\nfirst provided for, it is further the Design of this College, to instruct and\\nperfect the Youth in the learned Languages, and in the Arts of reasoning\\nexactly, of writing correctly, and speaking eloquently and in the Arts of", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 135\\nnumbering zxid. measuring of Surveying z.nd Navigation, of Geography and\\nHistory, oi Husbandry, Commerce ?iii\\\\d Government, and in the Knowledge\\noi all Nature in the Heavens above us, and in the Air, Water and Earth,\\naround us, and the various kinds of Meteors, Stones, Mines and Minerals,\\nPlants and Animals, and of every Thing useftd for the Comfort, Con-\\nvenience and elegance of Life, in the chief Manufactures relating to any of\\nthese Things And finally, to lead them from the Study of Nature to the\\nKnowledge of themselves, and of the God of Nature, and their Duty to\\nhim, themselves, and one another, and every Thing that can contribute\\nto their true Happiness, both here and hereafter.\\nOn 2 1 July we find Dr. Peters in New York preaching in\\nTrinity Church and St. George s Chapel that day,\u00c2\u00ae where his\\naudiences were great, and the sermons universally approved\\nof and we can picture him visiting Dr. Johnson amid his new\\nclasses, and teUing him of the success of the Philadelphia Acad-\\nemy, not yet a College, and of their recent engagement with\\nyoung William Smith, who gave promise of supplying that place\\nin its administration which the Trustees had hoped Dr. Johnson\\nwould fill.\\nFrom age and ill health Dr. Johnson resigned his Presi-\\ndency in 1763, and retired to his beloved Stratford, where he\\npassed his remaining years among his books and in continuance\\nof his correspondence, leaving his parochial duties in its details\\nlargely to his assistant and died 6 January, 1772. His son wrote\\nof him\\nHe died as he hadlived, with great composure and serenity of mind\\nHe often wished, and repeated it the morning of his departure, that he\\nmight resemble!]in his death his friend, the late excellent Bishop Berkeley,\\nwhose virtues he labored to [imitate in his life and Heaven heard his\\nprayer.\\nKings College suffered during the Revolution as did the\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania, but in 1787 it arose into freshened\\nlife under the new name of Columbia, and Dr. Johnson s eldest\\nson, Hon. William^Samuel Johnson, was its first President, re-\\nsigning in 1800,\\n8 The New York Gazette of 22 July, 1754.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "136 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXIV.\\nBy the end of March, 1750, the Trustees entertaining hopes\\nof Samuel Johnson for the head of the institution, on the 29th,\\nResolved that the Academy be opened as soon as possible by\\naccepting the most suitable Person that can be procured for a\\nRector, or chief Professor, and apparently having such in view\\nit was ordered that Mr. David Martin be acquainted with the\\nabove resolution and be requested to accept of the Rectorship\\nand enter into it on the 13th of May next. No further Minute\\nbears on this appointment, but the Treasurer s books show that\\nMr. Martin s remuneration began on 13 July in the sum of two\\nhundred pounds per annum. This action confirms the state-\\nment that some higher functionary was desired besides the\\nRector, for when Mr. Martin s salary began it has been seen\\nthat negotiations were pending with Dr. Johnson, which the\\nTrustees kept alive for more than a twelvemonth. The term\\nRector had been given at Yale at the outset to the head of the\\nCollege, Rector or Master as some time alternatively used the\\nRector and Fellows, i. e. Tutors, his Fellows in tuition, was the\\nstyle of the early Faculty, which became in 1745 the President\\nand Fellows which it remains to this day. It was during the\\nadministration of Rector Clap, Franklin s correspondent, that\\nthis change of name took place at Harvard the head of the\\ninfant seminary Rev. Henry Dunster, took the office and was\\nfirst stiled President in 1642, and the corporation under the\\ncharter of 1650 became the President and Fellows, the Overseers\\nunder the Act of 1642 remaining the governing body.\\nBefore the scholars could find accommodations, the Rector\\nwas secured, who could give his time to the Trustees in further-\\nance of their plans. Franklin in his Narrative of these events\\nwritten perhaps forty years later describes this stage of the\\nproceedings.\\nA house was hired, masters engaged, and the schools opened I\\nthink in the same year, 1749. The scholars increasing fast, the house was\\nBigelow, i. 225.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 137\\nsoon found too small, and we were looking out for a piece of ground, prop-\\nerly situated, with intention to build, when Providence threw into our way^\\na large house ready built, which with a few alterations might well serve our\\npurpose. This was the building before mentioned, erected by the hearers\\nof Mr. Whitefield.\\nIt has been affirmed there were at the time of this purchase\\nsome Charity School with its few scholars accommodated in\\nthis building, which led to Franklin in those later years relating\\nwithout due exactness that his Academy had at once on its\\ninception in 1749 begun with teachers and scholars, and hence\\nthe necessity of a larger building. But neither do the minutes\\nnor the Treasurer s accounts confirm this, and indeed Franklin s\\nletter to Mr. Eliot, of February, 1750, before quoted, leaves no\\nroom for any support of this statement.\\nAt this meeting of 29 March, it was also\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Ordered that Messrs. Benjamin Franklin, William Allen, William Cole-\\nman, Richard Peters, Thomas Hopkinson and Tench Francis be a Com-\\nmittee to consider and report whether it be most convenient for the Pupils\\nto pay a Gross Sum for being instructed in all the branches of Learning to\\nbe taught in the Academy or distinct sums for each.\\nThe results of their deliberations on this point were\\nadopted at their meeting of 10 November following, when it\\nwas Ordered, That the sum of twenty shillings quarterly, and\\ntwenty shillings entrance money, with a rateable share of the\\nExpense of firing in the Winter Season, be paid by each Pupil,\\nfor which they may be instructed in any Branches of Learning to\\nbe taught at the Academy. Ere they were prepared to receive\\nany Scholars or offer them any good tuition, many inquiries\\nmust have reached them early as to their procedure upon differ-\\nent details of their promising establishment for besides the\\nabove consideration of fees, they had made a minute at the pre-\\nvious meeting, 6 February, 1750.\\nThe Trustees being informed that an Objection is made to that Arti-\\ncle of the Constitution which relates to the Admission of Scholars, Declare\\nthat the said Article is not intended for any other purpose than to accom-\\nmodate the Number of Scholars to the number of Masters, and the cir-\\nMr. Sparks renders this, when accident threw into our way, etc., i. 159.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "138 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ncumstances of the Academy and that in every Admission a regard will\\nbe had to the Priority of Application, without any View to Sect or Party.\\nIt scarcely needed this affirmation to give the community\\nthe assurance that this very Catholic body of Trustees would\\ncountenance any favoritism in the admission of pupils according to\\nthe religious standing of the parent but it is quite possible that\\nthe purchase of the New Building with a reference to a Creed in\\nthe conveyance, and that Creed being as duly formally recorded\\nas was the conveyance, may have led the unfriendly and the\\nunsympathising to raise doubts in the minds of their friends as\\nto the very broad and liberal scope the Founder desired to give\\nto its operations.\\nAt the meeting of 27 July it was Resolved that the Eng-\\nlish Master s salary be increased from the sum of one hundred\\npounds to one hundred and fifty; but this is the first minute\\ndefining a salary, and the sum originally named must have been\\nagreed to informally perhaps thus early began those differences\\nof opinion among the Trustees as to the proper eminence of\\nEnglish in the proposed curriculum which Franklin so stoutly\\ncontended for, not that it should take any precedence of the\\nclassics, but that it should be maintained with equal dignity\\nthrough all the Academy course.\\nBut it was not until the meeting on 10 November that the\\nTrustees felt confidence in naming a time for the opening their\\nplans for a proper adaptation of the building to their purposes\\nwere to have been consummated for school uses in the usual\\nAutumn term, but delays incident to such radical changes in\\nconstruction as they found it necessary to make lost them these\\nautumn months not discouraged, however, they proposed to\\nlose no longer time than was essential to the comfort of their\\nteachers and scholars, and would begin in midwinter and they\\nordered That the Academy be opened on the Seventh day of\\nJanuary next, and the Rates of Learning and the opening be\\npublished in the Gazette a Fortnight hence. The Teachers\\nwere already under review, for we shall see that at their Decem-\\nber meeting they were prepared to act and to create a faculty\\nfor the Academy. The public announcement of the opening is", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 139\\ncouched in simple yet reverent language by the hands of the\\nFounder, and we can perhaps imagine his hopes and expecta-\\ntions and those of his co-workers when they read their institu-\\ntion in print and found themselves committed to the public for\\nthe greatest venture in an educational line yet attempted in the\\nProvince. The time had not been misspent or misused since\\nthe announcement of his famed Proposals in the Gazette of 24\\nAugust, 1749, but a steady progress had been made and the\\ntwenty-four Trustees had worked together with unanimity and\\nharmony under a wise leadership, until they now found themselves\\nwell equipped to fulfill to the community all their promises. The\\nadvertisement appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette as follows\\nPhila. December 11. 1750\\nNotice is hereby given, That the Trustees of the Academy of Phila-\\ndelphia, intend (God willing) to open the same on the first Monday oi Janu-\\nary n^tyiX. wherein Youth will be taught Ca. Latin, Greek, English, French,\\nand German Languages, together with History, Geography, Chronology,\\nLogic, and Rhetoric also Writing, Arithmetic, Merchants Accounts,\\nGeometry, Algebra, Surveying, Gauging, Navigation, Astronomy, Drawing\\nin Perspective, and other mathematical Sciences with natural and\\nmechanical Philosophy, c, agreeable to the Constittitions heretoiore pub-\\nlished, at the Rate of Foi^r Pouttds per annum, and Twenty Shillings\\nentrance.\\nOn the day following the opening the Gazette contained\\nthe following account of it\\nYesterday being the Day appointed for opening the Academy in this\\nCity, the Trustees met, and waited on His Honour our Governor, to the\\npublick Hall of the Building, where the Rev Mr Peters made an excellent\\nSermon on the Occasion, to a crowded audience. The Rooms of the\\nAcademy not being yet compleatly fitted for the Reception of the Scholars\\nthe several Schools will be opened To-morrow, in a large House of Mr\\nAllen s, on Second Street Those who incline to enter their children or\\nYouth, may apply to the Rector, or any one of the Trustees.\\nAt a subsequent meeting the thanks of the Trustees were\\ngiven by the President to the Rev Mr Peters for his excellent\\nSermon preached in the Academy Hall on the Seventh Day of\\nJanuary, at the opening of the Academy which was done\\naccordingly. Mr Peters consent being desired for the publica-\\ntion of the said Sermon, he desires Time to consider thereof", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "140 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwhich, however, he finally agreed to, as Franklin and Hall before\\nthe close of the year printed\\nA Sermon on Education wherein Some Account is given of the\\nAcademy Established in the City of Philadelphia. Preached at the open-\\ning thereof on the Seventh Day of January 1 750-1 By the Reverend Mr\\nRichard Peters.\\nCopies of this are now rare. The reasons for this delay he\\ngives in his Preface which bears date 12 September\\nWhen I came to consider that a Detail was made of the Rise of the\\nAcademy, and of the several Matters proposed to be taught therein, and\\nthat it might be of great service to publish this, in order to remove mis-\\ntakes, and to enable the Publickto judge of its Usefulness and Seasonable-\\nness, I no longer hesitated to gratify you in the Publication, confident\\nthat your Adoption and Patronage will procure it a favorable Reception with\\nmy fellow citizens.\\nIt is an admirable Discourse on Education and eloquent in\\nits adaptation to the particular circumstances which called it\\nforth; and as it must be an instance of his pulpit powers, we\\nfeel a natural disappointment that we have left us so few of his\\nsermons. From this Sermon previous quotations have been\\nalready given, when recording his views as to the foundation\\nof the Academv.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 141\\nXV.\\nWe have no knowledge of the number of scholars offering-\\nat the opening, but an entry in the Treasurer s books shows those\\nwho first paid entrance money, namely, George Lea, William\\nPeters, jun, and Richard Peters, the latter nephews of Rev\\nRichard Peters. From Dr Peters Preface to his Opening Ser-\\nmon, however, we obtain a gratifying sight of the progress of\\nthe work,\\nIt affords no small Delight to every one who has the Success of this\\nAcademy at Heart [he is writing in September] that though many Things\\npromised in this Discourse remain to be done, yet there is already more\\neffected than in so small a space of Time could have been reasonably\\nexpected. The Latin and English Masters give entire Satisfaction indeed\\nthe Progress made by the Boys in both schools is truly surprising each\\nhas now the Assistance of an Usher, made necessary by the Number of\\nBoys, who, notwithstanding the prevalence of the Small Pox in Town,\\namount to above one Hundred. Masters are provided for teaching Writing\\nand French. The Mathematical School is daily increasing. A Charity\\nSchool is established. Proper Prayers are composed for the Schools and\\nused every Morning and Evening.\\nWe cannot refrain from quoting his commendation of the\\nTrustees\\nI must do you the justice to say that much of this is owing to your\\nCare and the Regularity of your Visitations and I have no small Satisfac-\\ntion in being able to be thus particular, since it must needs be agreeable to\\nthe Publick to know that the most necessary and useful Parts of the Scheme\\nare in such Forwardness and that there are in the Academy, two good\\nGrammar Schools, one in the English and one in the Latin Language.\\nNo small Benefit this to the Province as in these are laid the proper\\nFoundations for the higher Attainments in Learning which will likewise be\\ngone into when the Difficulties of the Masters arising from the preparing\\nand classing so many Boys as are daily admitted from different schools, of\\ndifferent proficiencies, and taught by different Methods shall abate.\\nOf the Rector, David Martin, M. A., we know but little;,\\nhe did not live to the end of the year; and in the Pennsylvania\\nGazette of 17 December 175 1 we find the simple record Wed-\\nnesday last died, greatly respected, Mr. David Martin, Rector\\nof the Academy in this City. The Minutes of ii December", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "142 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nrecord upon occasion of the sudden Decease of Mr Martin, the\\nTrustees met to consider of some Person to supply his place in\\nthe Latin School. We learn a little more of his death, and\\nthe action of the Trustees from Franklin s letter of 24 December,\\n175 I, to Rev Dr Johnson.^\\nI wrote to you in my last that Mr. Martin our Rector died suddenly\\nof a quinsy. His body was carried to the church, respectfully attended by\\nthe trustees, all the masters and scholars in their order, and a great num-\\nber of the citizens. Mr. Peters preached his funeral sermon, and gave him\\nthe just and honorable character he deserved. The schools are now broke\\nup for Christmas, and will not meet again till the 7th of January. Mr.\\nPeters took care of the Latin and Greek School after Mr. Martin s death\\ntill the breaking up. And Mr. Allison, a dissenting minister, has prom-\\nised to continue that care for a month after the next meeting.\\nHe was buried in Christ Church Burying Ground 13\\nDecember, but no stone marks the place of burial of the first\\nRector of the Academy.\\nThe Rector s assistants were decided upon at the meeting\\nof 17 December, 1750, in the following Minutes\\nMr. David James Dove having lately come hither from England\\nwhere the Trustees are informed he had the care of a School for many\\nyears, and having offered himself for an English Master, The Trustees\\nbeing in a great measure strangers to him do order that he be accepted for\\nthe English Master in the Academy for one year, to commence on the\\nseventh day of January next, for the Sallary of one hundred and fifty\\npounds in order to make Tryal of his care and ability.\\nMr. Theophilus Grew having offered himself as a Master in the\\nAcademy to teach Writing, Arithmetic, Merchants Accounts, Algebra,\\nAstronomy, Navigation, and all other Branches of the Mathematics it is\\nordered that he be received as such at the rate of one hundred and twenty-\\nfive pounds a year, his service to commence on the Seventh day of January\\nnext\\nMr. Charles Thomson having offered himself as a Tutor in the Latin\\nand Greek School, and having been examined and approved of by the\\nRector, is admitted as a Tutor in the Latin and Greek school at the rate of\\nsixty pounds a year, to commence on the seventh day of January next.\\n1 Beardsley, i66.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 143\\nXVI.\\nDavid James Dove, the English Master, is best known to\\nus by the criticism on him by his young pupil Richard Peters\\nwho in later years described him as a sarcastical and ill-tem-\\npered doggerelizer, who was but ironically Dove for his temper\\nwas that of a hawk, and his pen the beak of a falcon pouncing\\non innocent prey. This reference is to the part he took in all\\nthe political issues of the day with his caustic rhymes. Graydon\\ntells us he was\\nmuch celebrated in his day as a teacher, and no less as a dealer in the\\nminor kind of satirical poetry. It was his practice in his school, to\\nsubstitute disgrace for corporal punishment. His birch was rarely used in\\ncanonical method, but was generally stuck into the back part of the collar\\nof the unfortunate culprit, who, with this badge of disgrace towering from\\nhis nape like a broom at the mast head of a vessel for sale, was compelled\\nto take his stand upon the top of the form, for such a period of time as his\\noffence was thought to deserve.\\nGraydon was a pupil at his school about 1759 or 1760, from\\nwhence he went to the Academy; and these practices of Mr.\\nDove doubtless were displayed when he was at the Academy.\\nHe tells us Dove s school was at this time, kept in Videll s\\nAlley, which opened into Second, a little below Chestnut Street.\\nIt counted a number of scholars of both sexes, though chiefly\\nboys.\\nWhether the duties of the Academy did not fully employ\\nhis talents, or his ambition found but little promise in its routine,\\nhe sought occupation to add to these stated duties. We find his\\nadvertisement in the Pennsylvania Gazette 29 August 175 i\\nAs the Scheme formed by the Gentlemen of Philadelphia, for the\\nregular Education of their Sons, has been happily carried into Execution\\nthe Ladies excited by the laudable example, are solicitous that their Daugh-\\nters too might be instructed in some Parts of Learning, as they are taught\\nin the Academy. Mr Dove proposes to open a school at said Academy for\\nyoung Ladies, on Monday next, in which will be carefully taught the Eng-\\nlish Grammar the true Way of Spelling, and Pronouncing properly\\ntogether with fair Writing, Arithmetick, and Accounts So that the Plan\\nMemoirs, pp. 24, 25.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "144 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nrecommended by the Universal Spectator may be exactly pursued. Price\\nTen Shillings Entrance and Twenty Shillings per Quarter.\\nNo reference is made in the Minutes of the Trustees to this,\\nbut their assent must have been had to the scheme. On lo\\nDecember 175 1, a minute records.\\nThere being above 90 Scholars now in the English School, and Mr.\\nDove having declared he found it impossible duly to instruct so great a\\nnumber without another Assistant, the Trustees agreed to accept of one Mr\\nFrancis Peisley, who offered himself, and who Mr. Dove represented as a\\nPerson well qualified for a Tutor in that School, and to allow him at the\\nRate of ^50. per annum\\nHis first assistant was John Jones who had been appointed\\non 25 September. Before an assistant was given him, the Trus-\\ntees had voted him 9 July, 175 i,\\nan allowance, in consideration of his extraordinary Trouble in teaching a\\ngreater Number of Scholars for some time past than by the Constitu-\\ntions he is obliged to do, and for the Board of a Lad whom he entertained\\nfor some time as an assistant, in the sum of Ten pounds.\\nAt the meeting of 9 June 1752, reference was made to Mr.\\nPeisley s departure, and there still being above Ninety Scholars\\nin the English School, and Mr. Jones, the remaining assistant\\nnot being sufficient, the President was desired to confer with him\\nabout providing another. But at the meeting of 10 October it\\nwas represented that\\nMr Dove had since Mr. Peisley s Departure caused two of the most\\ncapable Boys in his School to assist him in teaching the Younger Scholars,\\nacquainted the Trustees that he was willing to continue that Method if they\\napprove thereof, and agree to make the said Boys a suitable allowance for\\ntheir trouble. But upon considering the matter, the Trustees are of Opin-\\nion, it would be more advantageous to the School that a good Usher should\\nbe provided.\\nAt the meeting of 1 5 .November we find recorded the names\\nof these two of the most capable boys, namely, Edward Bid-\\ndie and William Scull, who were allowed Twenty Dollars each\\nas a Reward for assisting Mr. Dove.\\nBut the cause for Mr Dove s anxiety for two ushers is found\\nin a preceding minute of the same meeting, which testifies to his\\ncontinuance of his own school. The Trustees being- informed", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 145\\nthat Mr Dove makes a Practice of leaving his School at Eleven\\no clock in the morning, and at four in the afternoon and such\\nfrequent absences of the Master being thought a Disadvantage\\nto the School, Mr Franklin and Mr Peters are desired to speak\\nto him about it, and request his Attendance during the School\\nHours. At the following meeting these gentlemen reported\\nthat Mr Dove acknowledged what had been reported of him\\nconcerning his leaving the School, and that he seemed desirous\\nof being indulged in that practice, but the Trustees considered\\nit as of bad example and too great a Neglect of the children\\nunder his care, and desired him to be informed they would expect\\nhe will attend the School at the appointed Hours. Mr Dove,\\nanxious to maintain his school, made a proposition for other\\nhours, but finally on 13 February 1753\\nthe Trustees having fully considered this Request and the ill Consequence\\nsuch an indulgence would be attended with, adhered to their former opin-\\nion and as he had said, in Case his present Request was not\\ngranted he would continue to take care of the School for a Quarter, or till\\nthey could provide another Master, so they, on their Part, would give him\\na Quarter s notice when they had provided.\\nOn 10 July following Mr Kinnersley was provided for the\\nEnghsh school, and Mr Dove was relieved. The detail of this\\ntransaction illustrates the care and watchfulness of the Trustees\\nover the labors of their Teachers and Ushers. And it is also in\\nsome measure a testimony to Mr. Dove s merits and abilities as\\na teacher that they dealt so patiently with him, not wishing to\\nlose his services on any peremptory notice. Franklin s senti-\\nments regarding him were testified to in his letter of 24 Decem-\\nber, 175 I, to Dr. Johnson, where he says,\\nThe Enghsh master is Mr Dove, a gentleman about your age, who\\nformerly taught grammar sixteen years at Chichester in England. He is\\nan excellent master, and his scholars have made a surprising progress.^\\nIn later years, upon the discontinuance of the Videll s Alley\\nSchool, he opened a private academy in Germantown in the\\nhouse yet standing immediately west of the Germantown Academy,\\nwherein however he was not very successful. He had taken\\nBeardsley, p. i66.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "146 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nlodgers in his house besides the lad he entertained who had\\nassisted him, he at one time lodged Charles Thomson, the young\\nTutor, but Thomson found his hosts uncongenial and soon\\nsought other quarters. The first EngHsh Master mads a history\\nfor himself, other than the records of the Academy display, in\\nteaching Graydon and being associated with Thomson, two his-\\ntoric characters whose writings have commemorated him, but\\nnot in flattering terms.\\nTheophilus Grew styled himself Mathematical Profes-\\nsor at the Academy in Philadelphia where he asks commu-\\nnications of observations on Eclipse of the Moon next Tues-\\nday from the public in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 23 May,\\n1 75 I, and he thus officially signs the Constitution. Thus if his\\nclaim be admitted, we must put him third in the long list of\\nProfessors, as Martin and Dove who precede him in nomi-\\nnation must be allowed his peers in rank. But as he was at\\nthe meeting of the Trustees on ii July, 1755, unanimously\\nelected Mathematical Professor, the confirmation of his title is\\nassured. A later advertisement indicates that pupils to the\\nnew Academy were offering from the interior and from other\\nplaces, as indeed did Mr. Dove s lodgers as well Youth for\\nthe Academy may be boarded in Arch Street, at the House of\\nTheophilus Grew, Mathematical Professor, we are informed\\nin the Pennsylva7iia Gazette oi 14 November, 175 1. He pur-\\nsued the even tenor of his way, following in his leisure hours\\nscientific studies instead of indulging in political rhymes, and\\ndeveloping no pecularities which a Thomson or a Graydon found\\nworthy of record. In Dove s successor Kinnersley, and with\\nFranklin, the President of the Board of Trustees, the Mathe-\\nmatical Professor found congenial friends, and remained in the\\nservice of the institution until his death in 1759. Provost Smith\\nin his account of the Academy in the Atnerican Magazine for\\nOctober, 1758, speaks of him as having so long been an\\napproved teacher of Mathematics and Astronomy in this city,\\nthat 1 need say nothing to make him better known than he is\\nalready. His tomb stone in Christ Church Burying Ground", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 147\\nerected over his remains which were laid within a few feet of\\nthe Academy Building where he so worthily taught, is but par-\\ntially decipherable at this day.\\nHere lies interred\\nthe Body of\\nMr Theophilus Grew.\\nHe distinguished himself in Life by\\nmany exemplary Virtues\\nand many valuable Qualifications.\\nHe was very deeply learned\\nin Astronomy and the Mathematics\\nAvhereby he rendered himself\\na most useful Member of Society\\nHe served as Professor of\\nthose noble sciences\\nin the College of this City.\\nHe discharged the trust with\\nhonor and integrity.\\nCharles Thomson, born in November 1729 a native of\\nIreland, became the first Tutor of the Academy when he was\\ntwenty-one years of age. He crossed the ocean with his father\\nwhen but ten years of age, and his father dying at sea, he and\\nan elder brother landed at New Castle orphans among strangers.\\nBy his peculiar energies he seized favorable opportunities for\\nschooling, and was at one time under the tuition of the Rev.\\nFrancis Alison, also an Irishman, at his school at Thunder Hill,\\nMaryland, and who succeeded Mr. Martin as Rector of the\\nAcademy. While here a schoolmate returning from Philadel-\\nphia brought with him a volume of the Spectator he read it\\nwith such delight, that learning an entire set could be purchased\\nfor the amount of the small sum he had at command, he set off\\nwithout asking permission on foot to Philadelphia to purchase\\nit.^ His truancy was excused in consideration of its motive.\\nThis recalls to us the fascination Franklin found in this work.\\nMay it not be that his visit to Philadelphia brought him ac-\\nquainted with Franklin at a time the Academy was being\\nformed, and he was led eventually to offer himself to the Trus-\\nDuyckinck, i. 170.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "148 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ntees as a Tutor in Latin and Greek, when he was accepted after\\ndue examination and proof by the Rector. Dr. Ashbel Green,\\nPresident of Princeton College, in his Autobiography said of\\nhim in after years he was one of the best classical scholars\\nour country has ever produced. Young Thomson continued\\nTutor until his resignation in the spring of 1755, when we find\\nby the Minutes of 17 March\\na letter to the Trustees from Mr. Charles Thomson, one of the Tutors in\\nthe Latin School, was read, acquainting them with his Intention of leaving\\nthe Academy within two or three Months, having a Design to apply him-\\nself to other Business Mr. Peters was therefore desired to assist Mr.\\nAlison in providing another in his Room. The Trustees at the same\\nTime, declared themselves well satisfied that the said Mr. Thomson had\\ndischarged the Duties of his Place with Capacity, Faithfulness and\\nDiligence.\\nBut the other business did not prevail, as we find him in the\\nSeptember following engaging himself as teacher in the Friends\\nPublick School, then located on Fourth Street below Chestnut.\\nIt is not requisite that his life should be further sketched here, but\\nreference must be made to the fact that it was the first tutor in\\nthe Academy who became the Secretary to Congress from 1774\\nto the close of the war, the Perpetual Secretary as he was often\\ncalled. The acquaintance formed with Franklin through his con-\\nnection with the Academy ripened into mutual esteem and con-\\ntinued through life, and their correspondence whether as friend\\nto friend or as Secretary to Ambassador breathes on Franklin s\\npart a warm appreciation of the younger man s faithfulness and\\nintelligence. In his letter written from Passy, 13 May, 1784,\\non the Ratification of the Definitive Treaty with England, so\\nfull of patriotic advice to his countrymen now acknowledged by\\nthe parent to be free, and to be a Nation of like independence\\nwith her, he says to Thomson Thus the great and hazardous\\nenterprise we have been engaged in, is, God be praised, happily\\ncompleated an event I hardly expected, I should live to see.\\nBut it was in a different tone that he wrote to his Dear Old\\nBigelow, viii. 492. Also, for the Thomson correspondence, vide N. Y.\\nHistorical Society s Collections for 1878, p. 185.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 149\\nFriend Thomson on 29 December, 1788, after his return\\nhome, upon the subject of his own public services which he\\ndeemed and with justice had not met with that recognition\\nwhich they merited. No one but he at that day could weigh\\nwith accuracy the sum of those services as well as he, but later\\nhistory has realised what was done by him in those weary and\\nanxious years when for his country s sake he was exiled from\\nthe comforts of his home.\\nMy good friend, excuse, if you can, the trouble of this Letter and if\\nthe reproach thrown on Republicks, that they are apt to be ungrateful,\\nshould ever unfortunately be verified with respect to your services, remem-\\nber that you have the right to unbosom yourself in communicating your\\ngriefs to your affectionate ancient friend and most obed. humble ser-\\nvant, B. Franklin.^\\nCharles Thomson employed his later years in a translation\\nof the entire Bible, an excellent contribution to Biblical literature\\nthis was printed in four volumes in Philadelphia in 180S. His\\nown copy of this admirable version with his latest MS. cor-\\nrections is in the Philadelphia Library. He lived to the age of\\n94, dying 16 August, 1824. His is one of the most interesting\\ncharacters figuring in Revolutionary scenes, and is worthy of\\nstudy by every young man. At the treaty with the Indians\\nat Easton in 1757, they named him in their language\\nThe Man of Truth, which clung to him always; and upon\\ndoubtful tidings and uncertain rumors prevailing, his friends\\nwould say of him Here comes the truth: here is Charles\\nThomson! Thomson married secondly in 1774 Hannah\\nHarrison a niece of Isaac Norris, the Speaker, for many years a\\nTrustee of the College and Academy. He was called to the\\nSecretaryship of Congress the day after his wedding his notes\\nof its proceedings were taken in short hand, and on his return\\nhome from Philadelphia in the evening to Harriton it was this\\nfaithful wife who wrote out from them the Minutes of Congress.\\n5 Bigelow, X. 29. N. Y. Historical Society s Collections, 1878, p. 248.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "150 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXVI.\\nSix months from the opening of the Academy had only-\\nelapsed when a second Tutor was engaged the Minutes of 9\\nJuly, 175 I, recording Mr. John Jones, late of Connecticut of-\\nfering himself for a Tutor under Mr. Dove in the English\\nSchool, the Trustees have agreed with him for one quarter, at\\nthe rate of Fifty pounds per annum; this quarter proved his\\ncapacity, and we find that in a twelvemonth (14 July, 1752) the\\nTrustees on his request for an augmentation of his salary de-\\nclared their willingness to add Ten pounds per annum to his\\nsalary. The Mathematical Professor needing aid for his writ-\\ning lessons, we find that at the same meeting Mr, John Jones\\nwas appointed.\\nMr. Horace Jones, late of Chester County, offering himself upon\\nTryal for three months, as an Assistant to Mr. Grew, and the Trustees\\npresent having seen a specimen of his Writing, agree to make Tryal of him,\\nfor that Time, and to allow him after the Rate of Fifty pounds per annum.\\nAt the meeting in February following his salary was like-\\nwise increased ten pounds. On 21 September, 1752, Theophilus\\nGrew and Horace Jones advertise in the Petinsylvaiiia Gazette\\non Monday, the ninth of October next, at the house of Mr.\\nAtkinson, in Second street, and opposite to Mr. Boudinot s, an\\nEvening School is intended to be open d for teaching of Writing,\\nAntJimetick, Navigation, Surveying, Algebra, and other parts of\\nthe MatJiematicks, and to continue until the middle of March\\nnext. Those who incline to be instructed, are desir d to give in\\ntheir names immediately to either of the Subscribers, living in\\nArch Street. This was repeated in substance the year follow-\\ning, and the effort was a success. Night Schools were now rend-\\nered safer by the lighted streets. Monday night last the\\nstreets of this city began to be illuminated with lamps, in Pur-\\nsuance of a late Act of Assembly. Pennsylvania Gazette 12\\nSeptember, 1751. But these were not safe from the lively boys\\nof the town. Last week a Person was convicted of breaking\\none of the Public Lamps, by throwing an Apple at it, and paid a", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 151\\nFine of Forty Shillings. Gazette 3 October, 175 1. This is the\\nfirst mark an apple has made in local history.\\nAt the meeting of 10 December following, the appoint-\\nment of Mr. Peisley followed, as before stated but he remained\\nonly until the following summer as we find from the Treasurer s\\naccounts and before his place was supplied Mr. Dove had the\\nopportunity of calling upon two of his young pupils, Biddle and\\nScull, to assist him as previously related. Before Mr. Peisley s\\ndeparture we find in the Minutes of 21 April, 1752\\nThe number of Scholars now in the Latin School requiring that\\nanother Tutor should be provided, and Mr. Alison having recommended\\none Mr. Paul Jackson as a person well qualified, the Trustees present\\nagree to accept of him, and allow him at the Rate of Sixty Pounds per an-\\nnum.\\nHe continued as Tutor until 1756. The next in order is\\nPatrick Carroll, who in the minutes of 9 June, 1752, it is said,\\nhas for some time assisted Mr. Price in the Charity School,\\nwe find by the minutes of 12 December is now employed as\\nan Usher under Mr. Dove, but he continued only until Novem-\\nber, 1753, when lack of scholars in the English school made his\\nservices no longer needed. The next tutors were young Barton\\nand Duche but before our narrative reaches their time, other\\ndetails of the early working of the Academy call for mention,\\nand we have yet to enter upon the second Rectorship. How-\\never we must not overlook the opening exercises of the second\\nyear of which the Minutes take no note. Franklin makes a note\\nof it in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 7 January, 1752.\\nYesterday being the anniversary of the opening of the Academy in\\nthis city, an excellent Sermon was preached on the occasion by the\\nReverend Mr. Peters, in the Academy Hall, from these words, Luke, ii,\\n52. And Jestis increased in Wisdom and Statttre atid in Favour with God\\nand Man.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "152 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXVII.\\nThe Charity School was set on foot before the first term had\\nexpired, but could not be accomplished without a proper head.\\nAt the meeting of 9 April, 175 1 The Trustees taking into\\nconsideration that, by their Engagements, the Charity School\\nought to be open d very speedily; and it being mentioned that\\nMr. Martin had recommended some person in Trenton who\\nwas well qualified for Master of such a school, the President is\\ndesired to speak to Mr. Martin to write to that person in order\\nto know whether he will accept of that charge, and upon what\\nterms. Mr. Martin wrote in compliance with this request, but\\nat the May meeting he was not able to report an answer. At\\nthe June meeting it appearing to the Trustees that the Person\\nformerly proposed for Master of the Charity School, is not so\\nwell qualified as could be wished, and that his Terms are high,\\nsome other person is to be sought for to undertake that charge.\\nThe some other person came in time in George Price. The\\nTrustees on 13 August, 1757, reported having made a pro-\\nposal to George Price to teach a Charity School consisting of\\ntwenty Boys, and do some services in the other schools, for the\\nconsideration of Thirty Pounds per annum, to be paid him,\\nbesides his House Rent and Living during the Winter Season\\nwhich proposal he desired some Time to consider of But\\nhaving since signified his Willingness to accept of the Terms\\noffer d him the President is requested to reduce the Agreement\\nto Writing, and get the said Price to sign it. And publick\\nadvertizement was directed to be made, so soon as the Trus-\\ntees were ready to open a Charity School. Accordingly the\\nannouncement was made in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 12\\nSeptember, 175 i.\\nBy Order of the Trustees of the Academy\\nNotice is hereby given, That on Monday, the i6th of this instant Septem-\\nber, a Free-School will be open d (under their Care and Direction) at\\nthe New Buitdittg, for the Instruction of poor Children gratis in Reading,\\nWriting, and Arithmetic. Those who are desirous of having their chil-\\ndren admitted, may apply to any of the Trustees.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 153\\nThe some services in the other schools may have had\\nreference to other than strictly scholastic services, if the minute\\nof 10 September is any indication of their character.\\nThe Trustees considering that no Reward, except having Rent free,\\nhas been yet given to George Price, for his Care and Trouble in removing\\nthe Rubbish occasioned by Workmen, sweeping the Schools, making and\\nputting out the fires, and other services performed by him, from the first\\nopening of the Academy: It is ordered, That the Sum of Five Pounds be\\npaid to the said George Price for the said Services.\\nHis efficiency and zeal were successful in the management\\nof the School, as on 12 April, 1752, it is recorded The Trus-\\ntees being willing to take more poor Children into the Charity\\nSchool, the President is desired to make Enquiry for some fit\\nPerson to assist the Master of that School. And at the June\\nmeeting, Patrick Carroll, who for some time has assisted Mr.\\nPrice in the Charity School, was allowed at the rate of Forty-\\nfive pounds per annum for his services in the said School. Mr.\\nCarroll subsequently became, as before mentioned, a Tutor in\\nthe English School, his place was supplied 12 December, 1752,\\nby Mr. John Ormsby, who offered himself as a tutor in the\\nCharity School, and was accepted, and on like terms as those\\npaid Carroll. Mr. Price also had the assistance of Mr. A. Dunn\\nfor a few weeks, he being paid two pounds, twelve shillings\\nfor three weeks attendance in the Charity School, his affairs now\\ncalling him beyond Sea. The Charity School was kept before\\nthe Community and public means were availed of to secure a\\nbetter support for it. The Pennsylvania Gazette of 19 April,\\n1753 tells us\\nMonday last an Excellent Sermon was preached in the Academy\\nHall by the Rev. Mr. Peters, on the Charity, Necessity and Advantages\\nof providing suitable Means of Education for the Children of the Poor;\\nwhen a Collection was made towards the Support of the Free School in the\\nAcademy amounting to ^95.12.8 Halfpenny.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "154 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXVIII.\\nThe Trustees did not weary in their well doing their\\nmeetings were well attended, the faithful President being always\\non hand, inspiring the others to worthy motions though his hand\\nis not visible yet sometimes they were without a quorum, and\\nto secure this it was on 21 April, 1752,\\nAgreed by the Trustees present to pay a Fine of One Shilling, if absent at\\nany Meeting, unless such Excuse be given as the Majority shall judge\\nreasonable. The Money to be applied towards buying Books, Paper, c\\nfor the Scholars in the Charity School.\\nThis was affirmed at their meeting of 25 May, 1754, but\\nthe fine was then made absolute, of one shilling, to be laid out\\nin paper, quills, books, c, for the use of the Charity School.\\nThe rule obtaining in the Constitutions requiring that nothing\\nbe transacted by the Trustees unless it be voted by a Majority\\nof the whole Number, which as experience has been found\\nhighly inconvenient, in regard to the difficulty of so great a\\nNumber s meeting it was on 27 July, 1750\\nResolved, Nemine contradicente, that a Majority of the Trustees met\\n(that Majority not being less than seven, or on a meeting of seven if they\\nall agree) shall have power to order and transact any business relating to\\nthe Academy or its Government except the alteration of the Constitutions or\\nmaking Contracts, whereby the Publick money may be expended.\\nAnd on 9 April, 175 i they agree to meet the second Tuesday\\nin every month. The time of Meeting to be at four o clock in\\nthe afternoon.\\nThe Trustees attention to the well being of the Academy,\\neven to many of its minor details, brought them sometimes to\\nbe administrators as well as formulators of discipline though\\nthis may have been more notable in the interregnum between the\\nfirst two Rectorships. It was on 1 1 February, 1752, Agreed, that\\nno holidays be solicited for the Boys by any of the Trustees\\nseparately. This was modified, probably under the judicious\\nbut calculating advice of the new Rector, for at the meetino of\\n21 April following it was\\nAgreed unanimously that no Holdiday be granted to the Scholars at the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 155\\nrequest of any Person, unless at the same time he made a present to the\\nAcademy of a Book of Ten Shillings value The Masters to be made ac-\\nquainted with this Rule.\\nGraydon gives some account of the pranks of the boys\\nwhen he attended the College and Academy, a few years later\\nthan this, which certainly were not new in his day the boys of\\n175 1 were but the forerunners of those of 1760 and of many\\nsucceeding years. The only reference to their doings in the\\nformal minutes of the Trustees may be the entry of 1 5 Novem-\\nber 1752, Agreed that a small Ladder be bought, to be always\\nat hand for the Conveniency of mending the Windows. Per-\\nhaps the person who broke one of the new street lamps in the\\npreceding October with an apple was a matriculant at the Acad-\\nemy, and led his classmates in practice on the windows of the\\nNew Building, to repair which it was found convenient to keep\\na ladder always at hand for the conveniency of mending\\nthem.\\nXIX.\\nDeath entered early among the Trustees, for James Logan\\nand Thomas Hopkinson died within a few days of each other,,\\nthe one on 31 October and the other on 5 November, 175 i, and\\nin less than six weeks the Rector was numbered with them.\\nBoth were a loss to their associates, and to Franklin especially\\nthe death of Hopkinson must have left a vacancy in his own\\ncircle of friends difficult of replacement, for they had been asso-\\nciated together in matters of science and of beneficence. The\\nTrustees met on 12 December, 1751, and proceeded to fill the\\nvacancies without any note or comment, no encomium or eulogy\\nexpressed the sense of their loss. Two of the Trustees, to\\nwit, James Logan, Esq/ and Thomas Hopkinson being deceased,\\nIsaac Norris, Esq and Thomas Cadwalader were chosen in their", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "156 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nRoom, by a JMajority of Votes. The influence wielded by\\nLogan on behalf of the Academy could well be carried on by\\nhis son-in-law, Isaac Norris, the foremost Friend of his day\\nand Hopkinson s tastes for science would find just representa-\\ntion in Cadwalader who a few years later could exert his in-\\nfluence toward the development of the Medical Department of\\nthe College and Academy. Some notice of these two promi-\\nnent worthies must be given here, before we look further into\\nthe work of the growing institution in whose direction they\\nwere now to participate.\\nIsaac Norris, son of Isaac Norris, the Councillor, was\\nborn in Philadelphia, 3 October, 1701. His father brought him\\nup to a mercantile life, after fitting him by a trained education\\nto take his proper place among his fellows\\nHe was endowed with good natural abilities, had received an excellent\\neducation, and might indeed be called learned for, in addition to a\\nknowledge of Hebrew, he wrote in Latin and French with ease, and his\\nreading was extensive. He possessed a fine library containing many of\\nthe best editions of the classics, and was a liberal patron of literature.\\nHe had twice visited Europe for travel, and in 1743 he retired\\nfrom mercantile life, and as he expressed it lived downright in\\nthe country way. But before this his talents and aptitude for\\npublic affairs, call them politics if you will, brought him before\\nhis fellow townsmen prominentl}^, and he had been sent to the\\nAssembly in 1734. He here encountered as a staunch Friend\\nthe demands of the provincial government for money to arm the\\ncolony against the foreign enemy, and resisted and successfully\\nopposed the requisition. He became the leader of the Quaker\\nparty. The Proprietaries now were Churchmen and personally\\nhad lost the respect of their great ancestor s co-religionists.\\nThe Friends had in 17 10 granted a sum to Queen Anne for the\\nreduction of Canada, but it was accompanied by an explanation\\nthat their principles forbad war, but commanded them to pay\\ntribute and yield obedience to the power God had set over them\\nin all things so far as their religious persuasions would permit.\\nBut now, they were not willing to place funds for such purpose\\n1 Geo. W. Norris, M. D., in Penn a Magazine^ i. 449.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennyslvania. 157\\nin the hands and power of the Governor and his friends. But\\nfinally in 1739, the Assembly yielded to the importunities\\nfor money, and voted ^^3000, to Isaac Norris, his brother in\\nlaw Thomas Griffitts, Thomas Leech, John Stamper and Edward\\nBradley, for the use of King George II. There were now\\nbeginning the dissensions arising out of the claims of the Pro-\\nprietaries that all their lands should be exempt from provincial\\ntaxation, which grew into a grave occasion of opposition to their\\ngovernment in time, and the tie of religion being sundered, this\\nopposition to the Proprietaries on account of their exceeding\\nselfishness eventually placed Pennsylvania in the front of the\\ncontests of the Revolution. Norris was a member also of the\\nAssemblies of 1740 and 1741, and in 1742, in the latter year\\noccurring the riotous scene at the election, due it was said to\\nthe machinations of the Governor, in which however Norris was\\nreturned to the Assembly. In 1745 he was with Kinsey and\\nLawrence appointed by the Governor a commissioner to repre-\\nsent Pennsylvania at the conference with the Indians at Albany.\\nAnd in 1755 he was again sent to Albany as a like commissioner\\nto treat with the Indians.\\nContinuing a member of the Assembly, he succeeded John\\nKinsey as Speaker in September 175 1, and in that year he\\ndirected the legend for the new State House Bell which became\\nso prophetic, though perhaps at the time he would have shrunk\\nfrom the application made of it in 1776. He continued Speaker\\nof the House fifteen years. The contest between the people\\nand the Proprietaries grew during this period, and Norris at the\\nhead of the Quakers was firmly opposed to their privileges as\\nthey claimed them. In 1757, the Assembly resolved to send\\nhim and Franklin to England to solicit the removal of griev-\\nances arising out of the Proprietary instructions to their Gover-\\nnors, such as forbidding them to sanction any bill for the reve-\\nnue which did not exempt their property from taxation and the\\nlike but on account of ill health he dechned the appointment,\\nso that Franklin undertook it alone. His opposition to their\\nencroachments, however, did not lead him to desire the\\nexchange of a Royal Government for a Proprietary, and when", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "158 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nin 1764 a petition to this effect passed the Assembly, he resigned\\nthe Speakership, rather than as Speaker sign the petition to the\\nCrown for the change and Franklin was chosen Speaker in his\\nplace and signed the petition. FrankHn could see no remedy\\nfor the trouble but in the substitution of a Royal Government\\nin the place of one by a privileged Family but not many years\\nelapsed before he himself acknowledged that there was as little\\ndependence to be placed upon the so called paternal govern-\\nment of a King. It was in this contest that we find Franklin s\\nmind developing those great principles which he eventually had\\nto apply to our national affairs and which became in the logic\\nof events the unanswerable argument for our Independence,\\nwhile such men as Norris and his son-in-law John Dickinson,\\nalike pure and patriotic as was Franklin, stopped short of the\\nrealisation of those principles of true Government which all of\\nEnglish blood are expected to uphold. By the strange contra-\\nrieties of popular suffrage, Franklin was not returned to the\\nnext assembly, only however by a minority of twenty-five in a\\nvote of nearly four thousand, while Norris, who contrary to his\\nwishes had been placed on the County Ticket was again chosen\\nto the Assembly, and again became the Speaker, while Frank-\\nlin, the majority in the Assembly remaining unbroken, was\\nchosen Colonial Agent and carried abroad the petition for\\nredress against the claims of the Proprietaries. Isaac Norris\\nshortly again resigned the Speakership on 24 October 1764;\\nand on 13 July, 1776, he died at his seat, Fair Hill. It was\\njustly said of him by a cotemporary, That in all his long\\npublic career he never asked a vote to get into the House, or\\nsolicited any member for posts of advantage or employment.\\nHis public duties forbad him, in the want of robust health,\\nfrom attending with any diligence to the duties of his Trustee-\\nship of the College and Academy, and his service therein con-\\ntinued less than four years. At the meeting of the Trustees of\\nII February, 1755, this minute appears:\\nAs Isaac Norris, Esqr had never met the Trustees but once since his\\nbeing chosen, and, it was said, had intimated he could not conveniently\\nattend at their Meetings, Mr. Peters was desired to write to him, and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 159\\nacquaint him that the Trustees were endeavoring to obtain a new Charter\\nconfirming the former with some Additions, and were desirous to know\\nwhether it would be agreeable to him that his Name should be inserted\\ntherein.\\nMr. Peters produced his reply at the next meeting, which\\nwas as follows and which was\\norder d to be enter d on the Minutes.\\nRespected Friend, Richard Peters\\nI can have no Objection to the Qualification to the Govmt as we take\\nit every year before we are instituted to our Seats in the Assembly, neither\\nhave I any objection to any other Part of the Academical Institution, but\\nheartily wish you success in it. My Distance from Town, and the Ails I\\nhave, make it very inconvenient to me to attend the Duty of a Trustee,\\nand therefore I request the Gent will be pleased to accept my Resignation\\nof that Trust.\\nI return them my Thanks for the Favours they have already shewn\\nme by inserting my Name in their former Charter, and am Their and\\nYr Assd Fr d\\nFeby 25 1755 Isaac Norris.\\nOn a previous page was narrated his connection with the\\nFriends Publick School, and the cause of their desire for his\\nresignation from the Board of Overseers. Strong Friend as he\\nalways was, he was unwilling to confine his influence in the\\nfavor of a public education to the seemingly narrow limits his\\nSociety had marked out for the instruction of their Youth.\\nHis two sons died in infancy. His daughter Mary became\\nthe wife of John Dickinson, the famous author of A Farmer s\\nLetters, and whose Mother was sister of Dr. Thomas Cadwal-\\nader. It was while Dickinson was President of Pennsylvania,\\nthat he presented Dickinson College, Carlisle, with the prin-\\ncipal part of the library of the late Isaac Norris, Esq., consisting\\nof about 1500 volumes upon the most important subjects.\\nDr. Thomas Cadwalader was born in Philadelphia in 1707\\nthe son of John Cadwalader, who came to Pennsylvania from\\nPembrokeshire and married in 1699 the daughter of Dr Edward\\nJones of Lower Merion, then in Philadelphia County, one of the\\n2 Penn a Gazette, 27 Octo., 1784.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "i6o History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nearliest practitioners of medicine in the Province. Young Cad-\\nwalader received his early education at the Friends Publick\\nSchool then under the charge of Thomas Makin. Later, his\\nfather sent him to England to pursue his studies as a physician,\\nspending a year in the study of anatomy under Chesselden and\\nreturning home about 1731. He at once took an active part in\\npractical movements, and as he was about the age of Franklin,\\nperhaps the youngest of the coterie which gathered around him,\\nhe was drawn into the same line of activities, and at once threw\\nhis interests with those who were then forming the new Library\\ncompany, in which he was a Director many years. Watson*\\nnames him as one of the physicians inoculating for the small\\npox in the Winter of 1736-7, others being Doctors Zachary,\\nShippen, and Bond, afterwards his fellow Trustees in the Academy\\nand College.\\nMarrying in 1738 a daughter of John Lambert of New\\nJersey, he appears to have taken up his residence in that province\\nabout that time, and when in 1746 Governor Belcher granted a\\nBorough charter to Trenton, he was chosen the first Burgess.\\nWhen four years later the citizens surrendered this charter, Dr\\nCadwalader shortly thereafter returned to Philadelphia and upon\\nthe death of Thomas Hopkinson he was chosen 12 November,\\n175 I, upon Franklin s nomination, a Trustee of the Academy to\\nsucceed him and in the same year he was elected a member of\\nthe Common Council of Philadelphia and there served until\\n1774. In 1755 he was called to the Provincial Council at the\\nsame time as were John Mifflin and Benjamin Chew who a few\\nyears later became his fellow Trustees. He was a member of\\nthe Philosophical Society for many years, and in 1765 became a\\nmember of the Provincial Council and during the Revolution\\nbecame a Medical Director in the Army. As one of the physi-\\ncians to the new Hospital, he gave there a course of medical\\nlectures.^ He was a signer of the Non-Importation Article in\\n1765, but his age precluded him from an active participation in\\nWatson s Annals of Philadelphia, i. 373.\\nIn 1750 he had the honor of preparing the first systematic course of Medi-\\ncal lectures to be delivered in a Philadelphia College. Dr. Morton, pp. 446, 458..", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. i6i\\nthe affairs of the Revolution. In July, 1776, he was appointed\\nby the Committee of Safety with Drs. Bond, Shippen, jr. and\\nRush a committee for the examination of all the candidates who\\napplied to be surgeons in the Navy and he was also appointed\\na Medical Director of the Army Hospitals, and in 1778 suc-\\nceeded the elder Dr. Shippen as Surgeon of the Pennsylvania\\nHospital.\\nThough a resident of Philadelphia the greater portion of\\nhis life, Dr Cadwalader retained his farm near Trenton, called\\nGreenwood, to which he frequently resorted, and here he died 14\\nNovember, 1779, but two months after the abrogation of the\\ncharter of the Academy and College of which he had been a dili-\\ngent and faithful Trustee for nearly twenty eight years. Though\\nhe and his wife, who survived him seven years, remained Friends\\nall their lives, their only sons John and Lambert both distin-\\nguished themselves in the military service of the Revolution.\\nThe elder. Gen. John Cadwalader, was elected a Trustee on\\nhis father s death. Both these sons were entered by him in\\nthe Academy and College in 1751 at its opening.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "1 62 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXX.\\nThe Trustees lost no time in looking for a supply to the\\nvacancy caused by Mr. Martin s death. Twenty-one of their\\nnumber were present at the meeting on 1 1 December, 175 1\\nincluding the new Trustee Dr. Cadvvalader, to consider of\\nsome Person to supply Mr. Martin s place\\nin the Latin School, and it being said that Mr. AlUson, a gentleman of good\\nLearning in Chester County had lately expressed some Inclination to be\\nemployed in that School, Mr. Francis was desired to write to him, to know\\nwhether he was yet so inclined, and upon what Terms he would undertake\\nthe charge thereof.\\nAt a Meeting held on 28 December it was reported by Mr.\\nAllen\\nthat Mr. Francis Alison had been in Town, and that himself, and some\\nothers of the Trustees have had some Conversation with him, and though\\nhe seemed diffident of undertaking the charge of the Latin School, he had\\npromised however to be in Town again by the 7th of January next, and\\nattend School for a month upon Trial.\\nHe entered upon his duties at the time named, and ful-\\nfilled the promise of his reputation, and remained his salary at\\nthe March meeting being set at ^200 per annum, the same\\nas his predecessor s was. His former pupil, Charles Thom-\\nson, must have been the source of the Trustees information\\nregarding this celebrated teacher and his name being submitted\\nwhen Dr. Cadwalader was present, the latter could speak intelli-\\ngently of the man who had been tutor in the family of his sister\\nDickinson. Mr. Alison s diffidence, referred to in the Minutes,\\ncontinued many months, and his final assumption of the Rector-\\nship cannot be determined. In his letter of 2 July, 1752 to\\nRev. Dr. Johnson, Franklin speaking of the Academy, says\\nOur Academy, which you so kindly inquire after, goes on well.\\nSince Mr. Martin s death the Latin and Greek School has been under the\\ncare of Mr. Alison, a Dissenting minister, well skilled in those languages\\nand long practiced in teaching. But he refused the Rectorship, or to have\\nanything to do with the government of the other schools. So that remains\\nvacant, and obliges the Trustees to more frequent visits. We have now", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 163\\nseveral young gentlemen desirous of entering on the study of Philosophy,\\nand Lectures are to be opened this week. Mr. Alison undertakes Logic\\nand Ethics, making your work his text to comment and lecture upon.\\nMr. Peters and some other gentlemen undertake the other branches, till\\nwe shall be provided with a Rector capable of the whole, who may attend\\nwholly to the instructions of youth in the higher parts of learning as they\\ncome out fitted from the lower schools.\\nFrancis Alison was born in the parish of Lac, County\\nDonegal, in the year 1705. He received an excellent edu-\\ncation at an academy under the particular inspection of\\nthe Bishop of Raphoe, and was subsequently a student for\\nsome years at the University of Glasgow. He came to\\nAmerica in 1735, and his first educational work was as\\ntutor in the family of Samuel Dickinson of Talbot County,\\nMaryland. Whether he remained there long enough to\\nhave any training of the young John Dickinson is doubtful.\\nIn 1737 he was ordained by the New Castle Presbytery,\\nDelaware, and installed pastor of the New London con-\\ngregation, Chester County, Pennsylvania, where he continued\\nfifteen years. At this latter place he opened an Academy in\\n1743. Upon this school of his creation, the Synod of Phila-\\ndelphia in 1744 engrafted the grammar school which they took\\nmeasures to establish on a permanent foundation, with special\\nreference to training young men for the ministry. Mr. Alison\\nwas made Principal, and it became a justly celebrated institu-\\ntion, and served not only the purposes of the Synod in pre-\\nparing well qualified ministers, but furnished the State with\\ntrained civilians; among these were Charles Thomson, Dr. Ewing,\\nHugh Williamson, and James Latta, and of Signers of the\\nDeclaration of Independence, Thomas McKean, George Read\\nand James Smith. This Academy was eventually removed to\\nNewark, Delaware, and became the foundation of Delaware\\nCollege. When Mr. Martin the Rector of the new Academy\\ndied, he was attracted to Philadelphia and was asked to take\\nhis place, but this caused the severance from his pastoral charge\\nWickersham, ill.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "164 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nand his school and in an irregular way, which however the Pres-\\nbytery condoned as in a great measure excusable on account of\\nthe pressing circumstances in which he was placed at New\\nLondon, it being almost impracticable for him to apply for the\\nconsent of the Presbytery or the Synod in the usual way. He\\nramained in the faithful charge of his duties, and under the\\ncharter of 1755 creating the College, he became Vice-Provost.\\nIt was at the meeting of 10 December, 1754, that he\\njoined with William Smith, then Professor of Logick, Rheto-\\nrick, Ethicks, and Natural Philosophy in submitting the\\nthought of a College\\nIt being represented by Mr. Alison and Mr. Smith that it would\\nprobably be a Means of advancing the Reputation of the Academy, if the\\nProfessors had a Power of conferring Degrees upon such Students as had\\nmade a suitable proficiency in Learning to merit that Distinction and\\nthat several ingenious young Men, not finding that Testimony of their\\nAcquirements to be had here had left the Academy on that Account: The\\nTrustees considering that such honorary Distinctions might be an Incite-\\nment to Learning, and having Reason to believe the Governor, if applied\\nto, would readily grant the Power of conferring them, desired Mr. Alison\\nand Mr. Smith to draw up a Clause to be added to the Charter for that\\nPurpose, and lay it before the Trustees at their next meeting.\\nThis was done but the subsequent steps in securing the\\nCharter of 1755 will be narrated in future pages. On 13 April,\\n1756, a minute records he was\\nappointed Professor of the higher classics. Logic, Metaphysicks and Geogra-\\nphy, and that he teach any of the other Arts and Sciences that he may judge\\nhimself qualified to teach, as the circumstances of the Philosophy Schools\\nmay require but if it so happen that Mr. Smith can spare time from his\\nEmployment in the other Branches of Literature to teach any of these\\nBranches, then and in that case Mr. Alison shall employ the overplus of\\nhis Time as usual in the Grammar School in the Capacity of Chief Master.\\nBesides his duties at the Academy, he continued his cleri-\\ncal work as assistant minister of the First Presbyterian Church,\\nPhiladelphia. Yale College in 1755, two years after Franklin\\nhad received his degree, and Princeton in 1756 conferred upon\\nhim the degree of Master of Arts, and in 1758 the University", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 165\\nof Glasgow made him Doctor of Divinity, Dr. Sprague says,\\nso highly was this latter honour then appreciated, that the\\nSynod to which Mr. Alison belonged, made a formal acknowl-\\nedgment of it to the University. In 1765 his former congre-\\ngation at New London, who had remained without a Pastor\\nsince he left them, asked him to return and resume his labors\\namong them but this he declined. He was then three score\\nyears of age, and preferred ending his life in the performance of\\nhis present engagements. He died 28 November, 1779, two\\nmonths after the hostile Legislature had abrogated the charter\\nof his College and Academy. Had his energies and life been\\nspared, his influential connection with the Institution would\\nhave disarmed the political enemies of the institution of much\\nof the force of their attack, and indeed might have stayed the\\nthought of abrogation until calmer and juster thoughts would\\nhave found their sway.\\nIt was in 1755 that Dr. Alison made a journey to New\\nEngland, John Bartram being his fellow traveler. Franklin had\\nwritten i September, 1755, a letter^ introducing them to his\\nfriend Jared Eliot\\nI wrote to you yesterday, and now I write again. You will say,\\ncan t rain, but it pours for I not only send you manuscript, but living\\nletters. Theyi7r;\u00c2\u00ab^rmay be short, but the latter will be longer and yet\\nmore agreeable. Mr. Bartram I believe you will find to be at least twenty\\nfolio pages, large paper well filled, on the subjects of botany, fossils, hus-\\nbandry, and the first creation. This Mr. Alison is as many or more on\\nagriculture, philosophy, your own Catholic divinity, and various other\\npoints of learning equally useful and engaging. Read them both. It\\nwill take you at least a week; and then answer, by sending me two of the\\nlike kind, or by coming yourself.\\nThe testimonies of two of his pupils show him to have\\nbeen a remarkable man in natural powers and trained gifts, and\\nhis influence in the College and Academy was greatly felt in its\\ndevelopment, and in the faculty he was second only to William\\nSmith in learning and force. The University owes very much\\nin its early nurture to its second Rector, the faithful and diligent\\n^Bigelow, ii. 413.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "i66 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nPresbyterian divine, Francis Alison. Dr. Ewing, in his funeral\\nsermon, says of him\\nBlessed with a clear understanding and an extensive liberal educa-\\ntion, thirsting for knowledge, and indefatigable in study, through the\\nwhole of his useful life, he acquired an unusual fund of learning and knowl-\\nedge, which rendered his conversation remarkably instructive, and abun-\\ndantly qualified him for the sacred work of the ministry, and the faithful\\ninstruction of youth in the College. All who knew him acknowl-\\nedge that he was frank, open and ingenuous in his natural temper warm\\nand zealous in his friendships catholic and enlarged in his sentiments a\\nfriend to civil and religious liberty he has left behind him a\\nlasting testimony of the extensive benevolence of his heart in planning,\\nerecting and nursing, with constant attention and tenderness, the charitable\\nscheme of the widows fund, by which many helpless orphans and destitute\\nwidows have been seasonably relieved and supported, and will, we trust,\\ncontinue to be relieved and supported, so long as the Synod of New York\\nand Philadelphia shall exist.\\nBishop White, in briefer phrase, gives a picture of his old\\nprofessor\\nDr. Alison was a man of unquestionable ability in his department, of\\nreal and rational piety, of a liberal mind his failing was a proneness to\\nanger but it was forgotten, for he was placable and affable.^\\nIn his journey to New England in 1755, he visited Pro-\\nfessor Stiles at Newport, who says of him\\nHe is the greatest classical Scholar in America, especially in Greek\\nnot great in Mathematics, Philosophy and Astronomy, but in Ethics, His-\\ntory and general reading, is a great literary character.\\nProvost Smith in his account of the College and Academy\\nin the Ai/ierican Magazine for October, 1758, says he\\nhas long been employed in the education of youth in this province, and\\nmany of those who now make a considerable figure in it have been bred\\nunder him. He was one of the first persons in this country, who, foresee-\\ning the ignorance into which it was like to fall, set up a regular school of\\neducation in it and so sensible were that learned and respectable body,\\nthe University of Glasgow, of his pious and faithful labour for the propa-\\ngation of useful knowledge in these untutored parts, that they lately hon-\\nored him with the degree of Doctor of Divinity sent him without any\\nsolicitation on his part, and even without his knowledge.\\n^Memoirs, 1 8.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 167\\nXXI.\\nThe young tutors Barton and Duche have been already\\nnamed. No minute appears recording the appointment of\\nThomas Barton, though by the Treasurer s accounts he was on\\nduty and received a salary of ;^50 per annum as early as\\nNovember, 1752, and the Trustees voted him 17 November,\\n1753, an augmentation of ;^io. Jacob Duche s nomination\\nwas due to the order of the Trustees, 13 February, 1753, the\\nnumber of Scholars in the Latin School being greatly increased,\\nit is resolved that another Usher be provided with all convenient\\nspeed, and on 17 November, 1753, he was granted a salary of\\n^40 per annum, the Treasurer s accounts showing he had been\\nthen six months on duty. This young man, but just fifteen\\nyears of age, continued, but without formal appointment,\\neighteen months in this work, as Mr. Coleman s entries charge\\nhim with no payments after August, 1754. It interfered with\\nhis duties as a scholar preparing for a degree, which he obtained\\nwith honor at the first commencement in 1757. His talents\\nsecured his election as Professor of Oratory in December, 1759,\\nand he was further honored by the election as a trustee in\\nFebruary, 1761, in the room of William Masters who had died\\nin the November previous. Some account of his ecclesiastical,\\npolitical, and literary life may be found in place when we con-\\nsider him as a Trustee.\\nThomas Barton, born in Ireland in 1730, of English\\nparentage, was a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, and when\\nabout twenty years of age came to this country and opened a\\nschool in Norriton township, Montgomery County, Pennsyl-\\nvania, in the neighborhood of the Rittenhouse family. The\\nfollowing year he accepted the tutorship in the Academy, and\\nhe here continued until 1754, when at a meeting of the Trustees\\non the 13th August having by letter directed to them signified\\nhis Design of leaving the School and going into Orders they\\nconsented to his Dismission in a Month or two, agreeable to his\\nRequest. He was ordained by the Bishop of London, 29", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "1 68 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nJanuary, 1755, and returning to Philadelphia in the following\\nApril, he shortly entered on his duties as Missionary in Hunt-\\ningdon County, Pennsylvania, from whence he ministered at\\nYork, and Carlisle and Shippensburg, His interest in the\\nIndians was warmly aroused, but the defeat of Braddock marred\\nhis plans for usefulness among them. He became Chaplain to\\nGeneral Forbes in his expedition of 1758. For nearly twenty\\nyears he was Rector of St. James Church, Lancaster, Pennsyl-\\nvania his life was full of untiring activities in the frontier settle-\\nments. In the Revolution he felt that his oath of allegiance as a\\nminister bound him to England, and he parted with all his\\ninterests in Pennsylvania, and arrived within the British lines in\\nNew York in 1778. He died 25 May, 1780, and was interred\\nin the chancel of St. George s Church, New York. He preached\\na notable sermon on Braddock s Defeat, which with an intro-\\nductory letter by Provost Smith received a very extended cir-\\nculation, entitled Unanimity mid Publick Spirit. He had sought\\nMr. Smith s judgment upon it and asked his views\\non the office and duty of Protestant ministers, and the right of exercising\\ntheir pulpit liberty in the handling and treating of civil as well as religious\\naffairs, and more especially in times of public danger and calamity.^\\nThis embodied a reference to the Friends then in power in\\nthe Assembly who were opposed to all warfare defensive as well\\nas offensive. And the Provost enclosing a copy of this produc-\\ntion to the Archbishop of Canterbury, informs him\\nupon the general consternation that followed General Braddock s Defeat,\\nI wrote to the Missionaries on the Frontiers as far as I knew them, exhort-\\ning them to make a noble Stand for liberty, and vindicating the office and\\nDuties of a Protestant Ministry against all the Objections of the Quakers\\nand other Spiritualists who are against all clergy.*\\nAs we use the latter word to-day, such association would\\nnot be sought by the former now. It may well be granted,\\nhowever, that the Friends were consistent, and that had the\\nwhole community been permeated with the just principles of\\nwhich they claimed to be the exponent, there would have existed\\n1 Mr. Smith s letter is given at full in his Life and Correspondence, i, lio-l 18.\\nLife and Correspondence, i. 1 1 9.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 169\\nno hostility or treachery among the Indians, and the frontiers\\nwould have had the defence of righteousness. John Penn, the\\nProprietary, said of Barton\\nNor has he done anything in the miUtary way but what hath increased\\nhis character for piety, and that of a sincerely rehgious man and zealous\\nminister. In short he is a most worthy, active and serviceable Pastor and\\nMissionary.\\nMr. Barton married in 1753 a sister of David Rittenhouse.\\nThe College and Academy conferred on him in 1760 the degree\\nof Master of Arts, and the same was .conferred by Kings College\\nin 1770, His son Benjamin Smith Barton was in 1789 elected\\nProfessor of Natural History and Botany in the College, and in\\n1 8 13 from that was made Professor of Materia Medica in the\\nUniversity. And his grandson William P. C. Barton was chosen\\nProfessor of Botany, in 18 16, succeeding his uncle, whose death\\noccurred in 181 5.\\nIn his son s Memoirs of David Rittenhouse it is said that\\nhis death\\nput a period to the sincere and intimate friendship between that gentleman\\nand Mr Rittenhouse, which had subsisted almost thirty years. This friend-\\nship, which may be said to have commenced almost in the youth of both\\nparties, continued without interruption until the year 1776 when the\\ndeclaration of American independence produced, unhappily, some abate-\\nment of it on each side at least, so far as related to that great political\\nmeasure, respecting which they entertained different opinions. For,\\nalthough Mr, Barton was, in truth, warmly attached to the principles of the\\nEnglish Whigs and had, on various occasions, manifested his zeal for the\\nliberties of the American people and rights of the colonists his opinions\\nwere conscientiously opposed, and only these, to the expediency of that\\nmeasure. Yet, it is believed, that the personal friendship of these intimate\\nrelatives was far from having ever subsided the ties that early united them,\\nwere of the strongest kind that union was of long continuance and they\\nwere mutually sensible of each other s worth and talents.^\\nThe loyal obituary notice of him which appeared in the\\nRoyal Gazette, 31 May, 1780, is worthy of record here\\nOn Thursday the 25th inst. departed this life aged 50 years, the Rev-\\nerend Thomas Barton, A. M., the Society s Missionary for Lancaster, in\\nthe Province of Pennsylvania. This worthy Clergyman was distinguished\\n^Memoirs of Rittenhouse, by William Barton, M.A., p. 287.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "I/O History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nby a generous openness of temper, and liberality of sentiments, which\\njoined to an exemplary conduct, and indefatigable zeal in discharging the\\nduties of his function, gained him the love and esteem of his acquaintance!;\\nespecially of his parishioners, who greatly respected him during his resi-\\ndence among them for 21 years. His unshaken loyalty and attachment to\\nthe Constitution, drew upon him the resentment of the rebels, and exposed\\nhim to many hardships. The violence of the times compelled him at last\\nto leave his numerous family, and take refuge in this city where he bore a\\ntedious and most painful sickness with fortitude and resignation he died\\nin firm expectation of that immortality and glory which are the exalted\\nprivileges of sincere Christians. On Friday last his remains were interred\\nin the Chancel of St. George s Chapel.\\nHis wife had died 18 June, 1774 and was buried at Lan-\\ncaster.*\\nXXII.\\nThe vacancy occasioned by Mr. Dove s retirement, which\\nwas made necessary by his insistence on continuing his private\\nschool, was filled by the appointment of Ebenezer Kinnersley,\\nat the meeting of 10 July, 1753. The story is best told in the\\nMinutes\\nMr. Peters inform d the Trustees, That in Pursuance of their Resolu-\\ntion of providing a new Master for the English School, Mr. Franklin had\\nsometime since wrote to Mr. Ebenezer Kinnersly, then in the West Indies\\nto know if that Place would be agreeable to him, and that Mr. Kinnersly\\nwas now come over and had signified his Willingness to accept thereof, if\\nthe Trustees approve of him. The Trustees present, having express d their\\napprobation of Mr. Kinnersly, thought proper to send for Mr. Dove and\\nacquaint him that they had provided a new Master for the said School\\npursuant to their Intention signified to him some Months ago who,\\nthereupon, declared he would attend the School no longer. Mr. Kinnersly\\nAlden, American Epitafhs, ii, 206.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 171\\nbeing then sent for, accepted the charge of the said School for one Year,\\nhis salary to be one Hundred and Fifty pounds per annum.\\nOn 17 November following Mr. Kinnersley informed the\\nTrustees that there are no more than Fortyone scholars\\nbelonging to the English school, and they thought it unneces-\\nsary to keep two Ushers and Mr. Carroll, and\\nMr. Franklin was therefore desired to acquaint him that the Trustees have\\nno further occasion for his services, but that they will nevertheless continue\\nhim in Pay for Three Months after the expiration of the current Quarter,\\nunless he shall sooner get into some other employment.\\nMr. Kinnersley so commended himself to the Trustees in\\nhis labors, that at a large meeting of the Trustees held on 1 1\\nJuly, 1755, with Franklin presiding, he was unanimously\\nchosen Professor of the English Tongue and of oratory. It\\nwas a month before his appointment as Master of the English\\nSchool, that we find one of those fugitive notes in the local\\npress which testify to the Trustees recognition of the importance\\nof keeping the attention of the community alive to the subject\\nof education as exemplified by the rule of the Academy. On\\nWednesday the 30th past, the Reverend Mr. Cradock, from\\nMaryland, preached in the Academy Hall, a most excellent\\nSermon on the Advantages of Learning. This may have had\\na deeper meaning than the mere notice of the sermon would\\nconvey. May it not have been that Franklin thought he would\\nfind in this trained scholar and successful teacher the man to\\ntake the place, which he had hoped at the outset of the Academy\\nwould be filled by the learned Samuel Johnson of Stratford,\\n^Pennsylvania Gazette, 7 June, 1753. The Rev. Thomas Cradock, incum-\\nbent of St. Thomas Parish, Baltimore County, the older brother of John Cradock,\\nwho in 1772 became Archbishop of Dublin, was a very learned man, and in the\\nMaryland Gazette May 1747 had advertised to take young gentlemen in his family and\\nteach them the Latin and Greek languages, which he did for many years, his school\\nbeing patronized from the near southern counties of that Province. It is related of\\nhis son Thomas that under his tuition the lad at the age of twelve was able to repeat\\nentire pages of Homer in the Greek. Rev. Ethan Allen in Sprague s Annals, p. ill.\\nTn 1753 he published a version of the Psalms, translated from the Hebrew original\\ninto uniform heroic verse. Miss H. W. Ridgely s Old Brick Churches of Marylattd,\\np. 122. It is not mentioned by Allibone. Mr. Cradock died 7 May, 1770, aged 51\\nyears.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "172 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nConnecticut, who became the head in 1754 of the New King s\\nCollege, New York? There was no meeting of the Trustees\\nin June 1753 for lack of a quorum; and the conjecture relating\\nto Mr. Cradock in this connection has only the warrant of\\nFranklin s special notice of his Academy Sermon on a Week\\nDay, which he deemed important enough to apprise his\\nreaders of\\nEbenezer Kinnersley s name is so interwoven with the work\\nof the first score of years of the Academy and College, that we\\nnaturally desire to know somewhat of the man who made for him-\\nself this distinction. He was born, the son of William Kinnersley\\na Baptist Minister, in Gloucester, England, 30 November, 17 11.\\nHis father immigrated to America in 1 7 14, and settled in Lower\\nDublin, near Philadelphia, where he officiated as minister to the\\nPennypack Baptist Church. He died in 1734; and the son after-\\nwards united with the Pennypack Church, and on his marriage\\nin 1739 removed to Philadelphia. His talents as a public\\nspeaker were soon manifest, and his desire was to enter the min-\\nistry but his health not being robust he was not ordained until\\n1743. He had in one of his lay sermons denounced Whitefield s\\nteachings and so incurred the enmity of most of his co-religion-\\nists who were entranced by that wonderful preacher, that he\\nwas for a season under excommunication by his brethren, and\\nfor some time he attended Christ Church but a reconciliation\\ntook place in 1746 when the Philadelphia Baptist Church was\\norganized, of which he became one of the constituent members,\\nand with this he remained in communion the remainder of his\\nhfe.\\nIt was in the year 1746 that in the indulgence of his well\\nformed scientific tastes he became deeply interested in the inves-\\ntigation of electricity and its subtle and wonderful powers, and\\nbecame closely associated with Franklin in his experiments and\\nwith others like minded. His pursuit of it was so engrossing as to\\novertax his health and he sought convalescence in Bermuda,\\nwhither he resorted at subsequent times for a like purpose\\nand it was while here that Franklin corresponded with him in the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 173\\nSpring of 1753 about taking charge of the Enghsh School,\\nwhich resulted in his connection with the Academy. His powers\\nas a speaker made successful the Lectures on Electricity which\\nhe undertook, and which brought his name more prominently\\nbefore the different communities in which he exhibited his\\ninteresting experiments, than other congenial friends who had\\nnot the like need to turn their accomplishments to useful pur-\\nposes. Franklin gave him a letter of introduction, 5 Sep-\\ntember, 175 1, to James Bowdoin when he is about visiting\\nBoston\\nAs you are curious in electricity, I take the freedom of introducing\\nto you, my friend Mr. Kinnersley, who visits Boston with a complete appa-\\nratus for experimental lectures on that subject. He has given great satis-\\nfaction to all that have heard him here, and I believe you will be pleased\\nwith his performance. He is quite a stranger in Boston and as you will\\nfind him a sensible worthy man, I hope he will be favored with your coun-\\ntenance, and the encouragement which that must procure him among your\\nfriends.\\nIn writing to Cadwallader Colden on 14 September, 1752,\\nFranklin says I am sorry you could not see Mr. Kinnersley s\\nLectures they would have pleased you. Kinnersley s cor-\\nrespondence with Franklin was continued over many years, his\\nlast letter to Franklin which we have being written him to Lon-\\ndon 13 October, 1770; extracts from it have been given in the\\nsketch of Franklin s life on a previous page, and all display\\nthe ardor of a learned enthusiast who in communicating his\\nobservations and experiments to an older friend appears to seek\\nhis concurrence if not approval in their results, who in turn\\nresponds with like eagerness to his friend whether from the\\nquiet of his home or amid his pubHc duties while abroad.\\nIn 1757, Mr. Kinnersley received the degree of M.A. from\\nhis College, and in 1758 became a member of the American\\nPhilosophical Society. We shall see traces of his steps through\\nhis College duties, until his three score of years with a feeble\\nconstitution induced him to lay down his professorship, and he\\nSparks, v. 257. Bigelow, ii. 243. Sparks, vi. 123.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "1/4 HiSTORV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.\\nresigned it ly October, 1772. The Minutes of the Trustees, 15\\nOctober, record that\\nDr Redman and Dr Peters reported that Mr Kinnersley had desired\\nthem to inform the Board that on the 17th inst, he designed to resign his\\noffice and Professorship in this Institution, the present state of his health\\nrequiring that he should make a Voyage to a warmer climate during the\\napproaching Winter and that he hoped the Trustees would give him a\\nproper Certificate of his good Behaviour during the last nineteen years in\\nwhich he has been employed in their Service, and that they will allow Mrs\\nKinnersley to occupy the House in which he now lives, till next Spring,\\nwhich was at once granted.\\nHe passed the following winter in Barbadoes, thus again seeking\\nstrength under the restfulness of a tropical climate. On his\\nreturn, he made his home in the country among the scenes of\\nhis early youth, and there died 4 July, 1778, and was buried at\\nthe Lower Dublin Baptist Church. It was as a graceful tribute to\\nhis memory that some of the Alumni and others erected a Win-\\ndow Memorial to Ebenezer Kinnersley* in College Hall it is on\\nthe Eastern stairway, and all who pass and repass under its\\ntinted light must be reminded of the faithful professor who found\\ntime to contribute to his fellow men some better knowledge of\\nElectricity, and who thus supplemented the discoveries of the\\ngreat Founder of the institution to which the latter had called\\nhim to be a professor.\\nGraydon in his Memoirs describes his tuition in grammar\\nand recitation under Mr. Kinnersley, and speaks of him as an\\nAnabaptist clergyman, a large, venerable looking man, of no\\ngreat general erudition, though a considerable proficient in elec-\\ntricity. Provost Smith s notice of him in the American Magazine\\nfor October, 1758, where he noticed Alison and Grew, already\\nreferred to, will be quoted later in a more fitting connection\\nthan here.\\nAn opportunity presented itself shortly after Mr. Kinners-\\nley s appointment, to securing a teacher for modern languages;\\non 16 December,\\nthe Trustees being inform d that Mr. Creamer a gent n from Germany is\\nIn Memoriam Rev. E. Kinnersley, A.M., Orat. et Litt. Angl. Prof. 1753-\\n1772 is the legend on the window. It was erected in 1S72.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 175\\nvery capable of teaching the French and German Languages, and that he\\nis now out of employment, Mr. Peters, Mr. Franklin and Dr. Bond are\\ndesired to enquire more particularly into his qualifications and to treat with\\nhim concerning his teaching those Languages in the Academy.\\nOn 8 January, 1754,\\nDr. Thomas Bond reports that pursuant to the Request of the Trustees at\\ntheir last Meeting Mr. Franklin and himself had made some Enquiry\\nconcerning Mr. Creamer and had been informed he was qualified for\\nTeaching the French, Italian and German Languages, and besides was\\nwell skill d in Musick and some Kinds of Painting. That they had also\\ndesired to know of him upon what Terms he would undertake to teach\\nthese Things, or such of them as the Trustees should require, in the\\nAcademy. That in Answer to this he proposed to give attendance four\\nHours in a Day for a Salary of Sixty Pounds per annum, provided he\\nmight have Liberty of using the School Room to teach in at other Times,\\nin Case any Scholars, not of the Academy, offer d. The Trustees con-\\nsidering that some Inconveniences might attend this Matter, chose rather\\nto make him an offer of ^100. per annum for his attendance all the School\\nHours, or Time equivalent, if other Hours should be found to suit them\\nbetter; Wherewith Dr. Thomas Bond is desired to acquaint him.\\nBut this arrangement proved irksome to the Trustees, it\\nseems, for a minute of 1 1 July, 1755, impUes they desired a\\nseverance of these relations.\\nA letter from Mr. Creamer to the Trustees was read, requesting to be\\ncontinued Teacher of the French Tongue till April next. But the Trustees\\nbeing of Opinion his being longer employ d in the Academy was unneces-\\nsary, agreed he should be paid up to this Time, and to give him a quarters\\nsalary over.\\nThe interests of the Charity School kept pace in the\\nthoughts of the Trustees with that of the Academy. At the\\nmeeting of 17 November, 1753,\\nMr. Franklin and Dr. Shippen are desired to treat with one Mrs. Hol-\\nwell (who for some Time past has kept a school, and is said to be well\\nqualified for that Business) to know upon what Terms she would undertake\\nthe charge of thirty Girls to teach them Reading, Sewing and Knitting.\\nAt the next meeting, these Trustees reported an engage-\\nment with Mrs. Holwell,\\nfor which she is to be paid Thirty pounds per annum; and that at present\\nshe teaches in one of the upper Rooms in the Academy, till a more con-\\nvenient place shall be provided.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "1/6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nOn 13 August, 1754, it was\\nordered, That the Treasurer pay to Frances H dwell, Mistress of the\\nCharity School, the Sum of Three Pounds, to be laid out in Books, Canvas,\\nCruels, and other Things necessary in the Instruction of the poor Children\\nunder her care.\\nWhat we of to-day term Fancy Work, the Trustees of old\\nthought a necessary tuition to poor children and the remem-\\nbrance of ancient samplers is revived, the handiwork of the\\ngirls of the last century, which was fostered by the Fathers of\\nour University. On 8 April, 1755, Mrs. Holwell was allowed\\nFifteen pounds a year for an assistant, she taking charge of\\nFifty Girls, if the Trustees think fit to send so many.\\nXXIIL\\nThe progress of the good work so carefully guided by the\\nTrustees opened up further thoughts of the future uses of the\\nAcademy, and at the meeting of 10 April, 1753, when the\\napproval of a Charter for the vigorous Academy was announced,\\nit was represented to the Trustees that the ground between\\nthe Academy Lot and Arch street might probably now be\\nobtained on a reasonable Ground Rent, it was unanimously\\nagreed to request Mr. Alison (who had been treating with the\\nowners concerning it) to secure the same at the Rate of 4.6 pr\\nFoot. The matter was at once closed, and certain two lots\\nwere secured, reaching from the Western moiety of their lot to\\nArch Street^ giving them a frontage on that street of 126 feet\\nand at the same time and by the same conveyance they pur-\\nchased the lot at the corner of Arch and Fourth streets, 36 feet\\non the latter by 54 feet deep, and upon this latter was eventually\\nerected the Provost s house. There remained three adjoining\\nTitle was taken from Dr. Alison 14 July, 1753, who had purchased on 16\\nApril previously from Jonathan Price. See Deed Book H, No. 7, p. 449, c.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 177\\nlots between this latter and the remainder, 40 feet on Fourth Street\\nby 18 feet on Arch Street which were purchased by Mr Dove\\nabout the same time. Probably seeing the desire of the Trustees\\nto possess these to square out their premises, Mr Dove may have\\nsecured them on a venture, for if he did not prove himself a\\nDove in teaching, as we shall see, he may have lacked his titular\\ninnocence in a trade. However this may be, negotiations were\\nopened in about twelve years for their sale to the Trustees, and\\nafter a dozen years further patience they secured them for\\n^^850, which was reported at a special meeting on 22 November,\\n1766.^ The purchase of 1753 was not too much for their\\nexpected wants. Buildings would be erected, and ample play\\nground reserved for the pupils, and dormitories were wanted\\nfor the incoming of the country lad who desired a better edu-\\ncation than he could find near his distant town though the\\nCharter, now forthcoming, gave them no higher title than the one\\nthey had begun and flourished on The Academy and Charita-\\nble School in the Province of Pennsylvania.\\nA Charter had early been in their thoughts, for the firmer\\nmanagement of their affairs and the proper holding of real estate,\\nto say nothing of the political influence accruing to their efforts\\nto have their work thus officially sealed to them by the powers\\nthat be. And at the meeting of 9 June, 1752, Mr. Francis is\\ndesired to make a Draught of a charter for incorporating the\\nTrustees of the Academy in order to be sent over to the Pro-\\nprietor for his approbation. Through the influential offices of\\nDr. Peters, Secretary to the Proprietors, whose active interest\\nin the Academy seemed to be second only to that of Franklin,\\nthe application to be chartered was well furthered. But the\\ndelays of ocean travel, and the formal solemnities of such a trans-\\naction, took many months to overcome and only at the meet-\\ning of 10 April, 1753,\\nMr. Peters acquainted the Trustees, that the Proprietors approved the\\nDraft of a Charter which had been laid before them, and had sent over\\nDirections for passing the same under the great seal. That they had like-\\n2 The two Fourth Street Lots he had taken from the same Price title i8 April,\\n1753. The Trustees title from him is Recorded in Deed Book I, No. 6, p. 663, c.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "1/8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwise sent an Order on their Receiver General for the Payment of Five\\nHundred Pounds to the Trustees of the Academy as soon as the Charter\\nshould be executed and the said Order was accordingly deliver d to the\\nPresident.\\nAnd it was then\\nResolved, That an Address of Thanks be made to the Proprietors for\\nthis great Favour and noble Benefaction and Mr. Allen, Mr. Francis and\\nMr. Franklin are desired to prepare a Draft of the same, to be laid before\\nthe Trustees at their next meeting.\\nAt the meeting of 13 July, seventeen Trustees^ being pres-\\nent, though the President was absent from the city on his tour\\nto the Eastward on his post office duties,\\nMr. Peters informed the Trustees that the Governor was now at his House,\\nready to pass the Charter, which had been fairly engrossed for that Purpose\\nWhereupon the Trustees in a Body waited on the Governor, who accord-\\ningly signed the same with a Warrant for affixing the Provincial Seal thereto,\\nand delivered it to the Trustees, expressing his good wishes to their Under-\\ntaking and that the charter now granted them might contribute to its\\nSuccess. Mr. Francis then, in Behalf of the Trustees, returned the Gov-\\nernor their most hearty Thanks, and assured him they would likewise\\ndutifully address the Proprietors in Acknowledgment of so great a Favour,\\nand of their late noble Benefaction to the Academy. Mr. Francis was then\\ndesired to get the great seal affixed thereto pursuant to the Governor s War-\\nrant, and cause it to be recorded in the Rolls office in Philadelphia.\\nThus was chartered The Trustees of the Academy and\\nCharitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania.\\nThe gratification in receiving a Charter extended beyond\\nthe Trustees to the Pupils, and these were afforded an early\\nopportunity to make declamations on the pleasing topic. Orig-\\ninal papers by Francis Hopkinson, Josiah Martin, John Morris,\\nand William Masters (who did not graduate), are preserved\\namong the Penn Papers in the possession of the Pennsylvania\\nHistorical Society. These were cared for by the thoughtful\\nPeters and forwarded to the Proprietaries as evidences of the\\nproficiency attained in the Academy, which they had now clothed\\nMessrs. Lawrence, Francis, Turner, Willing, Plumsted, Maddox, White,\\nCadwalader, Syng, Thos. Bond, Leech, Phineas Bond, Shippen, Strettell, Inglis,\\nPeters, and Coleman.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 179\\nwith a Charter. And in his handwriting we find the endorse-\\nment on one of them\\nSome declamations made by the Latin Boys in the Academy on the\\nProprietaries kind grant of a charter, Not intended for View being only\\nwritten as Rough Drafts to help their Memories at the time of delivery.\\nNeither masters nor any other person that we know of gave any assistance.\\nHopkinson in a firm manly hand, though but sixteen years\\nof age, writes\\nTis Learning which like an able Artist polishes the Diamond and\\nDiscovers its Lustre and latent Beauties. Tis Learning which makes a\\nMan happy in himself and a blessing to his Country. Tis Learning\\nwhich prepares us for Heaven and Perfection and makes a Mortal almost\\nequal to the Angels themselves. Alas, how unhappy are they\\nwho have not had the advantages of a liberal Education, surely Life must\\nbe a burden to them and Time hang heavy on their Hands but this shall\\nnever be said of Philadelphia while such generous, such publick spirited\\nGentlemen bear any sway in it.\\nJohn Morris, a graduate of 1759, who could not have been\\nover fourteen years of age, with a vigorous and clear pen writes\\nOur present Honourable Proprietaries, copying after the Example of\\nsuch a noble Father, will no doubt, advance every good, every useful\\nDesign among us. How much are we indebted to them, for their generous\\nBenefaction, how much for granting a Charter, which establishes this\\nAcademy upon a sure and lasting Foundation A Charter confirmed to us\\nby a Governor, who has thought us worthy of his Notice and Protection\\namid the cares that attend his exalted Station a Governor born among us,\\nour Friend and our Countryman, and a Governor distinguished for his\\npeaceable administration and an inviolable Regard for the Laws and\\nRights of Mankind. How much is it for our Honour that our President\\nhas been so successful in his searches into the most hidden secrets of Nature\\nand is in as much esteem at London and Paris as in Philadelphia. With\\nsuch examples as these before our Eyes, and under your care, and inspec-\\ntion of such worthy gentlemen, what advantages may we not hope for", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "i8o History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXXIV.\\nFranklin s summer in 1753 was a busy one;\\nHaving been for some time employed [he writes] by the postmaster-\\ngeneral of America, as his comptroller in regulating several offices, and\\nbringing the officers to account, I was upon his death, in 1753, appointed\\njointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from\\nthe Postmaster-general in England. The American office never had\\nhitherto paid anything to that of Britain. We were to have six hun-\\ndred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the\\nprofits of the office. The business of the postoffice occasioned\\nmy taking a journey this year to New England, where the College of Cam-\\nbridge, of their own motion, presented me with the degree of Master of\\nArts. Yale College in Connecticut had before made me a similar compli-\\nment. Thus, without studying in any College, I came to partake of their\\nhonours. They were conferred in consideration of my improvements and\\ndiscoveries in the electric branch of natural philosophy.\\nIn writing to Cadwallader Colden on 25 October, 1753, he\\nsays\\nThis last summer I have enjoyed very little of the pleasure of reading\\nor writing. I made a long journey to the eastward, which consumed ten\\nweeks and two journeys to our western frontiers one of them, to meet\\nand hold a treaty with the Ohio Indians, in company with Mr. Peters and\\nMr. Norris.\\nIn writing his friend Mr. Hugh Roberts on 16 July, from\\nBoston, he says\\nMy respects to all our old friends of the Junto, Hospital and Insur-\\nance.\\nThese references call here for some notice of two other\\nof the notable enterprises of the time in which Franklin s leader-\\nship was sought. The Pennsylvania Hospital had begun its\\nfirst ministrations to the suffering in February, 1752, in the\\nhouse of Judge Kinsey, on Market Street near Sixth, on the\\nBigelow, i. 241. Bigelow, i. 357.\\nSparks, vii. 77. Writing to the same from London 27 February, 1766, he\\nadds, remember me affectionately to the Junto, and to all inquiring friends.\\nBigelow, iii. 456. Sparks, vii. 308.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. i8i\\nsite of which a few years afterwards Mrs. Masters erected her\\nMansion, elsewhere referred to, which was the precursor of the\\nWashington residence. From its inception, at the close of 1750.,\\nFranklin had been its guide. His friend Dr. Thomas Bond\\noriginated the movement, and while these two were busy in\\narranging for the beginning of the Academy to train the mind\\nof youth, they found time to plan an institution to provide means\\nfor healing the suffering bodies of the aged and the injured, or\\nas Franklin expressively styles it, for the relief of the Sick\\nand Miserable and on 7 February, 175 i, a bill was passed\\nthe Provincial Assembly incorporating The Contributors to\\nthe Pennsylvania Hospital. Franklin had written up the mat-\\nter in the Gazette, and employed other active means to interest\\nthe community in the project. And at the first meeting of the\\nContributors held at the State House, a board of managers was\\nchosen, of which Benjamin Franklin was made President. Of\\nthe managers, twelve in number, Franklin, Bond, and Peters,\\nwere trustees of the Academy and another Manager was Hon.\\nJohn Smith, who in a twelvemonth became the originator of an\\ninstitution for effecting insurances on buildings, in the further-\\nance of which he secured the like co-operation from Franklin\\nthat Thomas Bond had for his Hospital. Funds came in, and\\npending the selection of a permanent location, Judge Kinsey s\\nhouse was rented, rules and regulatipns for its management\\nwere adopted, and Lloyd Zachary, Thomas and Phineas Bond,\\nThomas Cadwalader, Samuel Preston Moore, and John Redman\\nwere appointed the first surgeons and physicians, who offered\\nto attend the patients gratuitously for three years. In Decem-\\nber, 1754, the managers secured a block of ground, distant from\\nthe outskirts of the built-up portions of the city, being the entire\\nsquare south of Spruce Street and west of Eighth Street. Pro-\\nvision was at once made for a building, and the corner stone of\\nwhat we know as the East Wing was laid 28 May, 1755, with\\nThe Managers purchased for the erection of their Buildings the plot of\\nground known as Society Square on 15 November, 1754, on Pine Street between\\nEighth and Ninth Sts., and to this was subsequently added the balance (about one-\\nfourth) of the block extending north to Spruce Street of the same width by gift of\\nThomas and Richard Penn under patent of lo November, 1767. Dr. Morton s\\nHistory of the Pennsylvania Hospital, 1895, p. 270.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "1 82 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nFranklin s well known inscription on it, which will bear repe-\\ntition here\\nIn the year of Christ\\nMDCCLV\\nGeorge the Second happily Reigning\\n(for he sought the happiness of his people)\\nPhiladelphia Flourishing\\n(for its inhabitants were public spirited)\\nThis Building\\nBy the Bounty of the Government\\nAnd of many private persons\\nWas piously founded\\nFor the Relief of the Sick and Miserable,\\nMay the God of Mercies\\nBless the undertaking\\nThe Hospital and the University have the same parentage,\\nand their kinship is recognised to this day, for the Medical\\nDepartment of the latter has always found its chief school in\\nthe means furnished by the former for the development of medi-\\ncal and surgical science, and most of its professors have earned\\ntheir eminence on the basis of the tuition they have found in\\nHospital residence here.\\nIt was in April, 1752, that Franklin, with great zeal and\\ninterest, lent his aid to establishing the first Insurance Company\\non the Continent, The Philadelphia Contributionship for the\\nInsurance of Houses from Loss by Fire, of which the Hon.\\nJohn Smith was the first policy holder and the first Treasurer;\\nan institution whose vigor and security to day make its policies\\nthe first on the list of all those granting indemnity for the Hos-\\npital and the University buildings in case of their loss by fire.\\nWith such a citizen as Benjamin Franklin, though he was\\nnot native to the soil, can we wonder at the people of Philadel-\\nphia, under such inspiration and leadership, establishing so\\nmany institutions of value whose age to day proves the strength\\nof their foundations it could not be otherwise that Philadelphia\\nwas flourishing, for its inhabitants were public spirited.\\nRarely has it fallen to the lot of any citizen known to history to\\nhave behind him so many works of value and beneficence as we", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 183\\nfind bearing the impress of Benjamin Franklin s brain and hand.\\nTo trace, therefore, the Hfe of any one of them, it seems unavoid-\\nable in our progress to pass on without taking some account of\\nthe others, for in thus doing we can more fully estimate his\\ncatholicity and his wisdom.\\nHe was next present at the Trustees meeting of 9 October,\\nI753t but there lacking a quorum, the Trustees visited the\\nEnghsh School but did no other business. It was between\\nthis date and that of his letter to Cadwallader Golden, of 25\\nOctober, above quoted from, that he journeyed to Carlisle as\\none of the deputies from the Provincial Assembly to meet the\\nWestern Indians, where a treaty was concluded. It is on this\\noccasion that the narrative of his diplomacy to prevent the Indians\\nbecoming drunk before the Treaty was concluded has place,\\nhe strictly forbade the selling any liquor to them and, when they com-\\nplained of this restriction, he told them, that if they would continue sober\\nduring the treaty, he would give them plenty of rum when business was\\nover.\\nThe results were twofold, a successful treaty, but a following\\nnight of drunken orgies. For this the older Indians in their\\nsoberness the next day apologised, but laid it upon the rum,\\nwhich they said was one of the good things of the Great Spirit,\\nwho when he made it, said, Let this be for the Indians to get\\ndrunk with, and added it must be so. In Franklin s time\\nhis observation was that rum had already annihilated all the\\ntribes who formerly inhabited the sea coast.\\nThe entry of October, 1753, above quoted is one of many\\ntestifying to the personal attention of the Trustees to the work\\nof their Professors and Tutors, namely,\\n14 January, 1752. The Trustees visited the Schools, but did\\nno other Business.\\nII August, 1752. The Trustees visited the Latin School, but\\ndid no other Business.\\n8 May, 1753. The Trustees visited the English School but\\ndid no other Business.\\n9 October, 1753. The Trustees visited the English School but\\ndid no other Business.\\nBigelow, i. 229.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "184 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\n13 November, 1753. The Trustees visited the Latin School\\nbut did no other Business,\\n9 April, 1754. The Trustees visited the Writing Mathematical\\nand Charity Schools, but did no other Business.\\n14 May, 1754. The Trustees visited the EngHsh School but\\ndid no other Business.\\nII June 1754. The Trustees visited the Latin School but did\\nno other Business.\\n9 July 1754. The Trustees visited the French School but did\\nno other Business.\\n10 September, 1754. The Trustees visited the Latin School\\nbut did no other Business.\\nXXV.\\nTo the names- of Grew, Alison, Kinnersley, and Creamer,\\nThomson, Jackson, Duche, and Barton, who at this point of time\\ncomposed the faculty and tutors of the Academy, and not forget-\\nting those whose connection with it had ceased by death or resig-\\nnation, Martin and Dove, the two Jones Peisley and Carroll we\\nare led next in order to name, which though first appearing in\\nthe Minutes of 25 May, 1754, had been in the thoughts and on\\nthe tongues of the Trustees for a twelvemonth, William Smith,\\nwho happily formed a connection with it which he made the best\\nand most enduring work of his life, which redounded to the\\nadvantage and credit of the Academy and College through his\\nyears of work in its behalf, and the remembrance and repute of\\nwhich must remain to the latest era of its existence. The Trus-\\ntees had now found, they believed, the man of mind and nerve\\nand training to take the headship of the Academy. Though\\nDr. Johnson had denied them, and had assumed but a few\\nweeks before this the Presidency of King s College, yet it was\\nto his kindly interest as well as to his lasting credit that the sug-\\ngestion of the name of this young Scotch tutor, who was then in\\nthe line of his duty on Long Island, may be traced. If the parent", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 185\\nof the University could not make Johnson its President or Pro-\\nvost, it was a fitting gift on the part of the parent of Columbia\\nCollege to point the way for the first Provost of the University.\\nWilliam Smith, the son of Thomas Smith, the great grand-\\nson of Sir William Smith, who died in 163 1, was born within a\\nfew miles of the city of Aberdeen, 7 September, 1727, and was\\nbaptised in the Old Aberdeenshire Kirk, 19 October. His\\nMother was Elizabeth the daughter of Alexander Duncan, of\\nthe Camperdown family, whose wife was a daughter of Sir Peter\\nMurray of Auchtintyre. Young Smith entered the parish\\nschool at seven years of age where he remained a year, when he\\nwas taken charge of by the Society for the Education of Paro-\\nchial Schoolmasters from whose care he passed to the Univer-\\nsity of Aberdeen in 1741, where he resided some time but did\\nnot remain for graduation as there appears no record of this in\\nthe annals of either of the Colleges.^ His biographer places him\\nnext in London, in 1750, as Commissioner for the Established\\nor Parochial Schoolmasters in Scotland, addressing a Memorial\\non their behalf to the great men in Parliament and in the same\\nyear he published an Essay on Liberty.^\\nLife of Rev. William Smith, D.D., by his great-grandson, Horace Wemyss\\nSmith, Philada, 1880, i, 20. The biographer states he graduated in 1747, but his\\ndegree of 1759 of Sacrosantse Theologise Doctorem et Magistrem from the Univer-\\nsity of Aberdeen makes no reference to this earher degree, i, 202. The official\\nrecord of the Doctorate is as follows: Kings College 7th March, 1759, Con-\\nvened the Principal and Masters. The said day the University unanimously agreed\\nto conferr the degree of Doctor of Divinity upon the Reverend Mr. William Smith\\nProvost of the College of Philadelphia. Jo Chalmers, Prin H. j/iVf letters of 27\\nMay, 1887, and 3 February, 1888, from P. J. Anderson. LL.B., Librarian of the\\nUniversity of Aberdeen. Had Mr. Smith been an alumnus, the fact would have\\nbeen here noticed. Mr. Anderson writes in the latter, The absence of the title\\nM. A. is I think conclusive as to Mr. Smith s not possessing the degree.\\nThe whole of the year 1750 he passed in London and I have every reason\\nto believe that during that time he acted as clerk for the Honorable Society for the\\nPropagation of the Gospel. ibid i, 20. We form some idea of the man and his early\\nrecord from Archbishop Sherlock s letter testimonial of him to Thomas Penn, dated\\n19 September, 1753:\\nSir The bearer of this Mr. William Smith is desirous of being known and\\nrecommended to you and I make no difficulty of taking the liberty of complying\\nwith his request. He came to me from Scotland about two years ago, with very\\nample Testimonials of his capacity and morals and affection to the King and our\\nConstitution. Had he stayd here, I should have had my Eye upon him, but a good\\nopportunity offering he went off as Tutor, to some young Lad, to New York. How\\nhe behaved there, the enclosed Letters will inform you very fully, and at the same", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "1 86 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nDuring this period he was tutoring in London, and later\\nentered the family of Josiah Martin, Esquire, the second son of\\nSamuel Martin of Green Castle, as tutor to his two sons. With\\nthis family he came to New York in the spring of 175 i, landing\\nin New York i May. Mr. Martin s house known as the Her-\\nmitage, at Far Rockaway, Long Island, where Smith passed the\\nnext two years is yet standing and in excellent order.^ Here\\nMr. Martin died in 1778; his eldest daughter married her\\ncousin Josiah Martin, Governor of North Carolina in 1770,\\nwhose older brother Samuel was Member of Parliament for\\nCamelford, Joint Secretaiy to the Treasury, and Treasurer to\\nthe Princess Dowager of Wales.\\nWhile here, Mr. Smith, in his nearness to New York City\\nmust have been familiar with the efforts then prevailing to erect\\na College in that city, and in this connection may have been in\\ncommunication with Dr. Johnson, but of correspondence between\\nthem there is none existing.\\nThe disputes in the Province of New York on the subject\\nof a College were at their height when he arrived, and the\\nquestions of town or country for its location, and of its con-\\ntrol by Episcopacy or Presbytery, were either of them suffi-\\ncient to invite the young tutor of twenty-four years of age to\\nnote them and soon to take a part in the fray. Being a member\\nof the Martin household, his intercourse with the leading men\\nof the neighborhood was assured and easy. In 1752 he wrote\\ntime give foundation to consider, liow proper he may be to support tlie important\\ncharacter he aims at in the conduct of the infant College at Philadelphia. I have\\ngreat reason to think him a good man. He is a scholar and ingenious and what is of\\nthe highest consequence of a temper fitted as it seems to me to pursue a plan of\\nEducation upon the large and generous footing of aiming at the Publick Good, with\\nno other Bias, or partiality but preserving his Duty to the Constitution of his Mother\\ncountry, consistently with a warm regard to the service of the Colonies, and the uni-\\nversal benefit of the various People that compose them. I think I am not mistaken\\nin him, and if I am not, his Youth may recommend him and he may become a very\\nfaithful and useful servant in a country in whose prosperity you have so strong an\\ninterest. You will please to interrogate him and I believe you will be pleased with\\nthe good sense and ingenuousness with which he will answer to your questions. I\\nhave the honorto be, Sir, You obliged Humble Servant, Tho. Cantuar.\\nThis autograph letter is in the Penn Papers in Pennsylvania Historical Society,\\nprivate, vol. iv. This letter may have reached Philadelphia for Smith s personal\\npresentation of it to Mr. Penn, ere he sailed for England, as it is supposed, on 1 3\\nOctober following.\\nAnd is the property of James A. Hewlett, Esq., of New York.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 187\\nSome Thoughts on Education with Reasons for Erecting a College\\nin this Province, and fixing the same at the City of New York\\nto which is added a Scheme for employing Masters or Teachers\\nin the mean Time, and also for raising and endowing an Edifice\\nin an easy Manner, and over the name of Philomathes dedi-\\ncated them to Chief Justice De Lancey. Being advised that,\\nperhaps, it might be of public Use, to print the fohowing\\nPapers, which were intended originally to be laid before the\\nHouse of Representatives only in Manuscript I must beg\\nLeave to put them under your Protection, to which the Subject\\nnaturally recommends them and they were printed by J.\\nParker in the autumn of 1752. The whole concluded with A\\nPoem, Being a serious Address to the House of Representatives.\\nIn tone it rises above the ordinary controversial pamphlet,\\nthough it is full of the author s didactic statements submitted\\nwith his customary force there is no ambiguity as to his mean-\\ning. He opens\\nIf we look into the Story of the most renowned States and King-\\ndoms, that have subsisted in the different ages of the World, we will find\\nthat they were indebted for their Rise, Grandeur and Happiness, to the\\nearly Provision made by their first Founders, for the public Instruction of\\nYouth. The great Sages and Legislators of antiquity, were so sensible of\\nthis, that they always made it their prime care to plant Seminaries, and\\nregulate the Method of Education and many of them even designed, in\\nPerson, to be the immediate Superintendants of the Manners of Youth,\\nwhom they justly reckoned the rising Hopes of their country.\\nTowards the conclusion, a paragraph embraces a reference\\nto the efforts in Philadelphia of a like nature\\nI shall only add that Oxford, Leyden, c., are too complex and\\nlarge to be any Model for us the neighbouring Colleges of New England,\\nPennsylvania, c., may be kept chiefly in our Eye but tho the People\\nof these Provinces have the Honor to set us an Example in this truly\\nnoble Work, we have the Advantage of seeing where they have been\\ndeficient, and of being sensible that Something might be contrived more\\ncommodious than any of their Schemes.\\nIn preparing the Thoughts iox the edition of his Works published in 1S03,\\nSmith qualified this by making it read they were greatly indebted, c. The\\nTiiou^iiis were designed by him as a part of liis Third volume, but ihe published\\nWorks only reached two Volumes hence the pamphlet did not reach the second\\nedition.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "1 88 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThese Thoughts brought the author into controversial\\nprominence, and Philomathes was made the object of the resent-\\nment of those whose schemes may have been thwarted by his\\ncareful reasonings. Franklin in his letter to Smith of 3 May,\\n1753, which we shall shortly reach, affords us a clue to this when\\nhe expresses regret at Smith s expressions of resentment against\\nhis adversaries in his Mirania, where towards the close he says\\nAs for those Writers who dehghtto give frequent Specimens of their\\nKnack at Wranghng and Chicane or, who are determined to think\\nNothing right in this Affair, but what comes from themselves, my Time is\\ntoo precious to follow them thro the Maze of Perplexity. They may, if\\nthey please, ascribe every Thing I have done to a Selfish Motive I shall\\nleave it to Time and the Issue of the Thing to convince them how much\\nthey have injured me. It will then be sufficient Punishment for them to\\nreflect on their Usage of One who never offended them, but by a Zeal for\\nthe Happiness of that Province, which they ought to love more, than\\none, who is a Stranger in it. There was no other way I could manifest that\\nZeal but on the Subject of Education, as all the Time I have lived in the\\nWorld has been Spent on my own Education and that of others.\\nSorry should I be, however, if, after all my Partiality in treating this\\nMatter, I should fall under the Displeasure of any Sect or Party, who may\\nclaim an exclusive Right of modeling this Institution to their Mind.\\nA few months after the publication of his Thoughts, he pro-\\nceeded to draw up in detail, and publish over his signature, his\\nplan of a College, entitled\\nA General Idea of the College of Mirania, Addressed more\\nimmediately to the consideration of the Trustees nominated by the Legisla-\\nture, to receive Proposals, c. relating to the Establishment of a College\\nin New York\\nwherein under the guise of an allegory he sketched out this plan.\\nHe says\\nWhile I was ruminating on the constitutions of the several colleges\\nwhich I had either personally visited or read of without being able to fix on\\nany Thing I durst recommend as a model worthy our Imitation, I chanced\\nto fall into the Company of a valuable young gentleman, named Evander,\\nwho is a person of some distinction, of the province of Mirania. After\\nsome conversation on learned topics, he was led to give me an account of\\na seminary established about twelve years ago in that province in which I\\nMirania, p. 79.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 189\\nthought I perceived all that seems excellent in the ancient and modern\\nInstitutions reduced to the greatest Method and Simplicity. This I have\\npresumed to propose to your consideration which as it may be further\\nimproved by you, and other learned Men among us, seems extremely well\\nadapted to the circumstances of this Province of New York, as we are now\\nentirely such as the Miranians were when they founded their College, with\\nRegard to Riches, Trade, and the Number of People, e Evander\\ntells him about twelve years ago, the Miranians saw themselves a mighty\\nand flourishing people, in possession af an extensive country, capable of\\nproducing all the necessaries and many of the superfluities of life. They\\nreflected that the only method of making these natural advantages of last-\\ning use to themselves and posterity, the only infallible source of tranquillity,\\nhappiness and glory, was to contrive and execute a proper scheme for form-\\ning a succession of sober, virtuous, industrious citizens, and checking the\\ncourse of growing luxury. They were sensible, that tho a Combination of\\nlucky circumstances, almost wholly independent on them, had raised them\\nso high, they should be wanting to themselves if they depended longer on\\nblind chance for any Thing which was now in their Power to command.\\nThey were convinced that, without a previous good Education, the best\\nLaws are little better than Verba minantia, and considered as such, will be\\nduped and broke thro with Impunity by illustrious Villains that the\\nMagistrate can at best but fight vice into a corner, and that tis Education\\nalone can mend and rectify the Heart that no Government can subsist\\nlong on Violence and brute Force, and that Nature follows easily when\\ntreated rationally, but will not bear to be led, or driven\\nThey saw also, that among the foreigners, who were as numerous as\\nthe English, many distinctions were forming upon their different customs,\\nlanguages, and extractions, which, by creating separate interests, might, in\\nthe issue, prove fatal to the government. They wisely judged, therefore,\\nthat nothing could so much contribute to make such a mixture of people\\ncoalesce and unite in one common interest, as the common education of\\nall the youth at the same public schools under the eye of the civil au-\\nthority With these views the Miranians applied themselves\\nto project a plan of education every person of genius, learning, and expe-\\nrience, offering his impartial thoughts on this subject, whether they were in\\na private or public capacity as being sensible that an understanding of\\nsuch lasting consequences demanded the united councils, the heads and\\nhearts, of a whole country With regard to learning, the Mira--\\nnians divide the whole body of people into two grand classes. The first\\nconsists of those designed for the learned professions by which they\\nunderstand divinity, law, physic, agriculture, and the chief officers of the\\nState. The second class of those designed for mechanic professions, and\\nMirania, p. 8.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "190 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nall the remaining people of the country. Such a division is absolutely\\nnecessary for, if the shortest way of forming youth to act in their proper\\nspheres, as good men and good citizens, ought always to be the object of\\neducation, these two classes should be educated on a very different plan.\\nThese considerations gave rise to what is called the Mechanics\\nSchool in this Seminary. It might, however, as well have been called a\\ndistinct college for it is no way connected with what is called the College\\n(by way of Distinction) than by being under the Inspection of the same\\nTrustees, and the Government of the same Head, whom they call Provost\\nor Principal. Most of the Branches of Science, taught in the College, are\\ntaught in this School but then they are taught without languages, and in\\na more compendious manner, as the circumstances and Business of the\\nMechanic require. This school is so much like the English School in\\nPhiladelphia first sketched out by the verj ingenious and worthy Mr.\\nFranklin, that a particular Account of it here is needless\\nThis reference to the Philadelphia Academy implies the\\nauthor s familiarity with that scheme; and some of the phrases\\nof Evander s narrative echo the ideas more tersely expressed\\nby Franklin in his Proposals and other early papers on the\\nAcademy. Evander proceeds to describe the schools, and their\\nclasses in detail, and speaks of the principal whose name is\\nAratus, who instructed the fifth or highest class in the study\\nof agriculture and history.\\nForgive me, my friend [proceeded Evander], if in this\\npart of my narrative, I should be tedious, or discover any unbecoming rap-\\ntures. The time spent in these studies was the happiest period of my\\nlife, and which I have often wished I could begin again, a period I can\\nnever reflect upon, without feeling my bosom burn, and thinking I hear\\nthe good Aratus, with hands outstretched, and eyes glowing affection and\\ndevotion, pouring important Truths from his fervent Tongue, and leading\\nus unperceptibly from the visible to the unvisible things of God.\\nIt was but natural that Mr. Smith should send copies of\\nhis piece to some of those interested in a work in Philadel-\\nphia, akin to the efforts now making in New York, and on\\nApril 1 1 he wrote to Franklin enclosing a copy of his\\nMirania, pp. 9, 10, 14, 15.\\nMirania, p. 45. Dr. Smith prepared a second edition of this very entertain-\\ning and instructive Essay for his Discourses of 1762, corrected by him, but the\\ncorrections and abbreviations detract somewhat from the interest and style and the\\nfreshness of the edition of 1753.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 191\\npublication upon the ideal College of Mirania, and made\\ninquiry about placing his pupils, the young Martins, in\\nthe Philadelphia Academy, pending a proposed visit home\\nwhich he appeared to be contemplating for the purpose among\\nothers of applying for Orders in the Church of England. We\\nare not told aught of Mr. Smith s change of ecclesiastical\\nviews, for that he was brought up in the Presbyterian Kirk a\\nfaithful adherent to ,the Westminster Confession we cannot\\ndoubt. It may be that a two years residence on Long Island,\\nwhere Yale s influence predominated, led him to a knowledge\\nof the painful separation Johnson and Cutler and Brown had\\nmade from Presbyterianism thirty years before, and with designs\\nof the ministry early in mind, he now acquiesced in the claims\\nof Episcopacy and turned his face to England to seek Orders,\\nthough many months elapsed before this consummation. His\\nletter we have not but Franklin s letter is preserved, both the\\noriginal draft and the letter, the latter omitting a paragraph of\\nthe former which bore more immediately upon the entertainment\\nand instruction the Martins would find in Philadelphia. Mr.\\nSmith s letter had evidently conveyed the impression that he\\nproposed settling in England on his return. Franklin s letter\\nis inserted here as originally drafted, the paragraph withheld\\nbeing marked in brackets. Mr. Sparks gives the letter as drafted\\nMr. Smith s Biographer with the original letter in hand calls\\nattention to the omission^\\nPhiladelphia 19 April 1753\\nSir. I received your favor of the nth instant, with your new piece\\non Education which I shall carefully peruse and give you my sentiments\\nof it, as you desire, by next post.\\n[I believe the young gentlemen, your pupils, may be entertained\\nand instructed here, in mathematics and philosophy to satisfaction. Mr.\\nAlison, who was educated at Glasgow, has been long accustomed to teach\\nthe latter, and Mr. Grew the former, and I think their pupils make great\\nprogress. Mr. Alison has the care of the Latin and Greek School but,\\nas he has now three good assistants, he can very well afford some hours\\nevery day for the instruction of those, who are engaged in higher studies.\\nThe mathematical school is pretty well furnished with instruments. The\\n9 Smith, i. 23. 1 Bigelow, ii. 288. Sparks, vii. 63.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "192 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEnglish Library is a good one, and we have belonging to it a middling appa-\\nratus for experimental philosophy, and purpose speedily to complete it.\\nThe Loganian Library, one of the best collections in America, will shortly\\nbe opened so that neither books nor instruments will be wanting and,\\nas we are determined always to give good salaries, we have reason to\\nbelieve we may have always an opportunity of choosing good masters\\nupon which, indeed, the success of the whole depends. We are obliged\\nto you for your kind offer in this respect and, when you are settled in\\nEngland, we may occasionally make use of your friendship and judg-\\nment.]\\nIf it suits your conveniency to visit Philadelphia before your\\nreturn to Europe, I shall be extremely glad to see and converse with you\\nhere, as well as to correspond with you after your settlement in England.\\nFor an acquaintance and communication with men of learning, virtue and\\npublic spirit, is one of my greatest enjoyments.\\nI do not know whether you ever happened to see the first proposals\\nI made for erecting this Academy. I send them enclosed. They had,\\nhowever imperfect, the desired success, being followed by a subscription\\nof four thousand poimds towards carrying them into execution. And, as\\nwe are fond of receiving advice, and are daily improving by experience, I\\nam in hopes, we shall, in a few years, see a perfect institution. I am,\\nvery respectfully, c B. Franklin.\\nIn a fortnight Franklin took up his pen to write Smith\\nfurther on his College of Mirania. In this case as the letter is\\nlonger than the draft, we quote it entire from Smith s Life and\\nCorfespondence, merely noting at foot the verbal changes and\\nthe point of addition.\\nPhiladelphia 3 May 1753\\nSir Mr. Peters has just now been with me, and we have com-\\npared notes on your new piece. We find nothing in the scheme of educa-\\ntion, however excellent, but what is in our opinion very practicable. The\\ngreat difficulty will be, to find the Aratus, and other suitable persons in\\nNew York, to carry it into execution but such may be had if proper\\nencouragement be given. We have both received great pleasure in the\\nperusal of it. For my part, I know not when I have read a piece that has\\nmore affected me so noble and just are the sentiments, so warm and\\n^1 The letter reads if it suits you to visit Philadelphia. Smith, i. 23.\\n13 In a letter of this date Richard Peters writes to Thomas Penn, I desire\\nyour acceptance of a Book on Education sent me by the Author, Mr. William Smith,\\nTutor to Col. Martin s children on Long Island, an acquaintance of the Archbishop of\\nCanterbury.\\n[n Neio York not in draft.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 193\\nanimated the language yet, as censure from your friends may be of more\\nuse, as well as more agreeable to you, than praise, I ought to mention, that\\nI wish you had omitted, not only the quotation from the Review, which\\nyou are now justly dissatisfied with, but all those expressions of resent-\\nment against your adversaries, in pages 65 and 79. In such cases the\\nnoblest victory is obtained by neglect, and by shining on.\\nMr. Allen has been out of town these ten days but before he went,\\nhe directed me to procure him six of your pieces, though he had not and\\nhas not yet seen it. Mr. Peters has taken ten. He proposed to have\\nwritten: to you, but omits it, as he expects so soon to have the pleasure of\\nseeing you here. He desires me to present his affectionate regards to you,\\nand to assure you that you will be very welcome to him. I shall only say\\nto you that you may depend upon my doing all in my power to make your\\nvisit to Philadelphia agreeable to you. Yet, me thinks I would not have\\nyou omit bringing a line or two from Mr. Allen. If you are more noticed\\nhere on account of his recommendation, yet as that recommendation will\\nbe founded upon your merit, known best where you have so long resided,\\ntheir notice may be esteemed to be as much on the score of something\\nyoti, can call your own, as if it were merely on account of the pieces you\\n15 All not in draft.\\n18 In a letter from the Bishop of Oxford to Dr. Johnson, 19 March, 1754\\nwhen Mr. Smith was in London awaiting his ordination, the Bishop says, if he had\\npursued his intention of residing awhile at Oxford, I should have hoped for more of\\nhis company and acquaintance. Nor would he, I think, have failed to see more\\nfully, what I flatter myself he is convinced of without it, that our Universities do not\\ndeserve the sentence which is passed upon them by the author whom he cites, and\\nwhose words he adopts in page 84 of his General Idea of the College of Mirania.\\nHe assures me they are effaced in almost all the copies. I wish they had not been\\nprinted, or that the leaf had been cancelled. But the many valuable things which\\nthere is in that performance, and in the papers which he published at New York, will\\natone for this blemish with all candid persons. Beardsley s Johnson, 78. The\\nBishop s reference is to the following They know little what our English Univer-\\nsities are at present For, to use the words of the authors of the Review, for\\nNovember, 1750: That even both our Universities (not forgetting that in the\\nMetropolis of a neighboring Kingdom) are rendered of little use to the Public, or to\\nthe Welfare of Religion, by the idle Doctrines and corrupt Manners which prevail in\\nthem, is a Truth equally notorious and melancholy; and any effectual scheme for a\\nthoro Reformation or (if this is impossible, thro the Perverseness of their Members)\\na total abolition of them would merit the attention of every Lover of his Country,\\nevery Well wisher to true Christianity, and to civil and religious Liberty. Mii ania^\\np. 84. On Smith s copy of the Mirania, he adds on the margin opposite these lines\\nThis quotation was raz d out of most of the copies before they got abroad, the\\nauthor considering them injuriously applied. But for Franklin s reference to the\\nauthor s personal allusion on pages 65 and jc^oi Mirania, we should not now know that\\nthey were expressions of resentment against his adversaries; thus early in his\\nAmerican career had his active zeal in devising new things been intensified by his\\nwarm temperament and a youthful proneness to disputation.\\n1 Six copies of your piece in draft.\\n18 This last phrase not in draft. 1^ Purposed in draft.\\n^0 This ends the draft. The letter proceeds.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "194 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nhave written. I shall take care to forward your letter to Mr. Miller by a\\nvessel that sails next week. I proposed to have sent one of the books to\\nMr. Cave, but as it may possibly be a disappointment to Mr. Miller if\\nCave should print it, I shall forbear, and only send two or three to some\\nparticular friends. I thank you for your information concerning the author\\nof the dialogues. I had been misinformed but saw with concern in the\\npublic papers last year, an article of news relating that one Mr. Fordyce,\\nthe ingenious author of Dialogues on Education, perished by shipwreck on\\nthe coast of Holland, on returning home from his tour to Italy. The\\nsermon on the Eloquence of the Pulpit is ascribed in the Review oi\\nAugust, 1752, to Mr. James Fordyce, Minister at Brechin. I am, with\\ngreat esteem. Sir, your most humble servant B. Franklin.\\nBy the first of June, Smith was in Philadelphia with his\\nyoung pupils whom he placed at the Academy. His satisfac-\\ntion on this occasion in witnessing the fruits of the faithful\\nwork of the Trustees and Masters found expression in\\nA Poem on visiting the Academy of Philadelphia, June, 1753, [of\\ntwo hundred and seventy lines, bearing on the title page Virgil s lines as\\nthe legend\\nInventus qui Vitam excoluere per Artes\\nQuique fui memores alios fecere merendo\\nOmnibus bis nivea cinguntur Tempora Vitia.\\nHis letter of Dedication bears date 5 June, and addresses\\nthe Trustees\\nGentlemen. Having receiv d the intensest Satisfaction in visiting\\nyour Academy, and examining some of its higher Classes, I cou d not be\\neasy till I had testify d that Satisfaction in the most public Manner. The\\nundeserv d Notice many of you were pleas d to take of Me during my Short\\nStay in your City, and the Honor the Academy (when I first went into it)\\ndid me in making one of the Youth Speak a Copy of Verses, which I lately\\nwrote to promote the Interest of Science in a neighboring Province, might\\nclaim my most grateful Acknowledgments. But what I now offer is a\\nTribute paid to Merit of a more public Nature. A few private Gentlemen\\nof this City have, in the Space of two or three Years, projected, begun, and\\ncarried to surprizing Perfection, a very noble Itistitution and an Institu-\\ntion of that Kind too, which, in other Countries, has scarce made such a\\n^1 David Fordyce lost at sea, 1751, brother of James. As natives of Aber-\\ndeen, these brothers may have been personally known to William Smith hence the\\npresent reference. Both received their education at the University of Aberdeen, and\\nDavid was appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy in Marischall College in 1742, the\\nyear subsequently to William Smith s matriculating at Kings College. Allibone.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 195\\nFigure in the Space of some Centuries, tho founded by Kings, and sup-\\nported at the pubhc Expence.\\nProsecute, Gentlemen, yet a little longer prosecute your generous\\nPlan, with the same Spirit and your own Reputation, with that of your\\nAcadeiny, shall be establish d, in Spite of every Obstacle, on a Bottom\\nimmortal, and never to be Shaken. A Succession of good Men and good\\nCitizens shall never be wanting in Pennsylvania to do Honor to your Mem-\\nories, and diffuse Spirit and Happiness thro their Country. The Virtues\\nto be chiefly inculcated in your Youth in order to obtain this End, you know\\nbetter than I. They are however modestly hinted, in the following Poem,\\nfrom a Mouth that cannot fail to give them new Importance. -x-\\nThat the Success of your Undertaking may still exceed even your own\\nmost sanguine Hopes, is my earnest Prayer, as it is my firm Persuasion\\nthat such a fair Beginning cannot fail of the most lasting good Conse-\\nquences,\\nThe Poem may merit the quotation from it of a few hnes\\nHeavens how my Heart beat Rapture, to behold\\nThe little Heroes, decent, graceful, bold.\\nThe Rostrum mount, with British Ardor warm d.\\nAnd, by the sacred Soul of Glory charm d.\\nWith Hands out-stretch d, rowl, tingling, from their Tongue,\\nSage Truths of Justice, Freedom, Right, and Wrong,\\nIn numerous Periods, sweeter than my Song.\\nO how the Sires glow d round, and fed their Eyes\\nFix d on their darling Sons in sweet surprize\\nO how the Sons were smit with conscious Fires,\\nIn the animating Presence of their Sires I\\nEven GOD Himself exults in such a Sight\\nAnd Angels hang applausive, in Mid-flight.\\nWhile those bright Souls releas d from earthly care.\\nTo whom th Affairs of Kindred-men are dear.\\nLook down triumphant on the lovely Scene\\nAnd for a While Suspend their heavenly Strain.\\nIn reference to the efforts now also made in the city of\\nNew York for a hke institution he at the close gives these lines\\nO were the Joy compleat But one sad Thought\\nDepresses half the Raptures of my Note\\nFor can I celebrate such wisdom here,\\nO much lov d York, nor drop a duteous Tear", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "196 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nRise, nobly rise dispute the Prize with Those\\nAs AtJiens, rivaling Lacedsemon, rose\\nThe illustrious sisters, keen alike to seize\\nThe Palm of Empire, and the Reins of Greece,\\nEach rous d by Each, fed high the glorious Fire\\nFlam d, bustled, shone and had the World admire\\nO Strife far nobler, who shall most excel.\\nIn Knowledge, Arts oi Peace, and Living well\\nThis nobler Strife, ye nobler Sisters feed\\nBe yours the Contest in each worthy Deed\\nShine Godlike Rivals for the Muses Palm\\nAnd strive who first shall sway the Laitreat-realm.\\nThe author closes with a tender farewell to his pupils,\\nwhom in a foot note he describes as\\nthe three eldest Sons of the Honorable y(7j-/rt;// Martin, Esq, \\\\.t oi Antigua\\nThey were plac d at the Academy of Philadelphia at the Time this Piece\\nwas written\\nYet ere we close, O Muse, one Labor more\\nIndulge where I have labor d oft before.\\nDear Pupils, let the Lessons here imprest.\\nSink intimate and deep into your Breast.\\nNow climb the Steep to Science in your Yotith,\\nThe Votaries of Wisdom, and of Truth.\\nYour zeal let none within these walls excel\\nStrive for Esteem, for Glory, and farewell\\nThis interesting and now rare quarto of sixteen pages was\\nprinted by Franklin and Hall, and is announced in the Pennsyl-\\nvania Gazette of 7 June, Next week will be Published. The\\nCollege of Mirania is advertised in the Gazette of the following\\nweek just published in New York, and to be sold by D. Hall.\\nAnd it was during this brief visit to Philadelphia, and in his\\nconferences with the Trustees, that William Smith s interest in\\nthe young institution led him to compile his Prayers for the Use\\nof the Philadelphia Academy, a little tract of twenty pages, which\\nwas also printed by Franklin and Hall in the same year. This\\nincludes A Morning Prayer, to be used by every Scholar in\\nThe Cities of Meiu York and Philadelphia.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 197\\nhis chamber at rising from Bed, and An Evening Prayer to\\nbe used by every Scholar in his chamber at going to Bed,\\nbesides Publick Prayer, for both Morning and Evening in the\\nchapel, each consisting of Sentences, Exhortations, and Prayers\\nand in addition, embracing The Ten Commandments, The\\nApostles Creed, and the Duty to God and towards my Neigh-\\nbour, from the Church of England Catechism. An Evening\\nPrayer is the following\\nBe favourable to all Seminaries of sound Learning and virtuous\\nEducation vouchsafe to shower down thy peculiar Blessings on all those\\nwho are in the Trust, Direction and Management of this Academy, upon\\nthe Institution itself, and iipon all those who are in any ways concerned in\\nor related to it. Help them to put it upon the best Foundation, and to\\nform from Time to Time such Orders and Regulations in it as will best\\npromote thy Glory, and the Establishment of solid and useful Learning.\\nThus the first visit of William Smith to Philadelphia created\\nand secured impressions which left no room for other wish than\\nthat he might be induced to make the city his home, and\\nthe evidence presented him as to the stable foundation of the\\nAcademy and its bright promises of future usefulness and repu-\\ntation left no doubt that he would accept a connection with it.\\nNothing official appears to have passed, neither records nor cor-\\nrespondence affording us any information on this. His visit to\\nPhiladelphia was brief, as he says in his dedication of the Poem,\\nThe Performance is far inferior to the Subject but an Apology\\nwill not mend it. As I have no time to improve it during my\\nStay in America, c., thus he may have at once sailed for\\nhome, and this explains why he left his young pupils in Phila-\\ndelphia at this time. He could have made but a brief visit to\\nScotland, for we find him again in New York by October and\\nhis biographer tells us he sailed thence again on 13 October,\\n2^ The University recently came into the possession of one of the two only\\ncopies of these Prayers known to us of these days. The publication is not referred\\nto by Dr. Smith s Biographer, and was also unknown to Mr. Hildeburn when print-\\ning, in 1885, his Issues of the Pennsylvania Press, 1685-1784. Could the seed of this\\nhave been Bishop Ken s Mmiual of Prayers for the use of the Scholars of Win-\\nchester College A copy of the edition of 1700 of this little formulary was in the\\nLibrary of the late Professor Henry Reed.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "198 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\n1753,2^ landing in London on i December. Franklin now\\nwrites him\\nPhiladelphia, 27 November 1753.\\nDear Sir Having written to you fully, via Bristol, I have now little\\nto add. Matters relating to the Academy remain in statu quo. The trus-\\ntees would be glad to see a Rector established there, but they dread entering\\ninto new Engagements till they are got out of debt and I have not yet got\\nthem wholly to my Opinion, that a good Professor or Teacher of the higher\\nBranches of Learning, would draw so many Scholars as to pay great Part,\\nif not the whole of his Salary. Thus, unless the Proprietors [of the\\nprovinces] shall think fit to put the finishing Hand to our Institution, it\\nmust, I fear, wait some few years longer before it can arrive at that State\\nof Perfection, which to me it seems now capable of and all the Pleasure I\\npromised myself in seeing you settled among us, vanishes into smoke.\\nBut good Mr Collinson writes me Word that no Endeavors of his\\nshall be wanting and he hopes, with the Archbishop s Assistance, to be\\nable to prevail with our Proprietors. I pray God grant them success. My\\nson presents his affectionate regards, with\\nDear Sir, yours, etc B. Franklin.\\nP. S. I have not been favored with a line from you since you arrived\\nin England.\\nMr Smith at once communicated with the church authori-\\nties and sending the Archbishop of Canterbury a copy of his\\nMira7iia, received from him a reply on 10 December\\nI have read over your Mirania, and am pleased with the Design. It\\nis a very comprehensive one, and if you cannot execute the whole you must\\ngo as far as you can When you form it into a plan for public use, you\\nwill cut off some of those Luxuriances which perhaps are more of amuse-\\nment than instruction. You see I am somewhat free with you. I shall be\\nglad to find that the schemes for yourself are like to succeed, being confi-\\ndent you will do your duty conscientiously.\\n2* Smith, i. 28, 29. Dr. Franklin in his letter of 18 April, 1754, acknowl.\\nedges Dr. Smith s letter of 18 October from England acquainting Franklin that he\\nhad written largely before that; and we have the Archbishop of Canterbury s\\nletter of 13 September to Thomas Penn beginning, The bearer of this, Mr. Wm.\\nSmith, is desirous of being known and recommended to you, c. His passage in\\nreturn to America must have been a short one, especially if he had waited to present\\nin person the Archbishop s letter of introduction to Thomas Penn ere he sailed but\\nthe dates of this correspondence, and the biographer s record are not reconcilable.\\nThis letter is not in existence.\\n2^ Smith, i. 28; Bigelow, ii. 335. The draft of this letter in possession of Dr.\\nT. Hewson Bache, on the third line reads, A majority of the trustees I find would\\nbe glad. Sec, c. The postscript is not in Bigelow or Sparks, but is in the draft, as\\nhere given.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 199\\nMeanwhile, he lost no time in seeking his entrance into the\\nministry; and on 21 December, in Fulham Palace, he was\\nordained Deacon by the Bishop of Lincoln, and on the 23d was\\nordained Priest by the Bishop of Carlisle, each acting for the\\naged and infirm Sherlock, Bishop of London, who was present\\nat the services. There were ordained with him Samuel Seabury,\\nWilliam Skerrington, Francis Hoyland, and James Pasteur.\\nSeabury was two years his junior; brought up in boyhood at\\nHempstead, Long Island, a graduate of Yale, he ministered\\nas a layman on behalf of the Society for the Propagation of the\\nGospel in Foreign Parts at Huntington, Long Island, up to July,\\n1752, when he crossed the ocean to pursue his studies at Edin-\\nburgh University he must have formed Smith s acquaintance\\nshortly after the latter reached Long Island in Mr Martin s\\nfamily, for Smith was of too active a temperament to remain\\nunknown to any man of education within his reach, and it may\\nbe that from Samuel Seabury he derived some of those ideas of\\nEpiscopacy which helped him to a determination in his ecclesi-\\nastical career. They returned to America about the same time\\nbut we have no knowledge of their again meeting until 1789\\nwhen assembled in Philadelphia the Council of the American\\nEpiscopal Church, in which sat Samuel Seabury and Smith s\\nearly college pupil William White, and where Smith s instru-\\nmentalities for concord and union among all sections proved so\\npotent to the strengthening of the church.\\nThree days after his ordination Rev. William Smith started\\nNorth to see his father, and on the last day of the year, he\\nrecords in his Diary preached in the Kirk in which I was bap-\\ntized. Before his return to America he engaged the interest\\nof the Propagation Society in the matter of education of the\\nGerman emigrants in Pennsylvania, in which he felt much con-\\ncern which was increased on his return to Pennsylvania, when\\nhe actively participated in a local movement there for that pur-\\n^^Mr. Smith arrived in Philadelphia on his return on 22 May, 1754, and Mr.\\nSeabury reached his mission at Hempstead, Long Island, on 25 May; it is possible\\nboth were fellow passengers on the Falcon. In 1789 on Bishop Seabury s visit to\\nPhiladelphia he was the guest of Dr. Smith, then a resident of the South East corner\\nof Chestnut and Fifth Streets.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "200 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\npose; it was a matter not only of religious bearing but of political,\\nas it was then feared that the ignorance of the German emigrants\\nin regard to our language and laws made them easy prey to the\\ndesigns of French emissaries who sought all means to weaken\\nBritish interests in the Middle Colonies. He formed some\\ndesign of remaining at Oxford for further study. Dr. Seeker,\\nthen Bishop of Oxford, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury,\\nin a letter of 19 March to Dr. Johnson already quoted thanked\\nhim for his favors by Mr. Smith. He is, indeed, a very inge-\\nnious and able, and seems a very well-disposed young man,\\nand if he had pursued his intention of residing awhile at\\nOxford, I should have hoped for more of his company and\\nacquaintance.\\nFranklin again writes him, apparently uncertain of his\\nplans and intentions, which were doubtless unformed at the\\ntime, and which accounts for the infrequency of his letters to\\nPhiladelphia, but the letter did not reach him as he had already\\nsailed from England\\nPhiladelphia April 18 1754.\\nDear Sir I have had but one letter from you since your arrival in\\nEngland, which was but a short one, via Boston, dated Oct. 18\\nacquainting me that you had written largely by Captain Davis. Davis\\nwas lost and with him your letters, to my great disappointment. Mesnard\\nand Gibbon have since arrived here, and I hear nothing from you. My\\ncomfort is, in imagination that you only omit writing because you are\\ncoming, and propose to tell me everything viva voce. So not knowing\\nwhether this letter will reach you, and hoping either to see or hear from\\nyou by the Myriilla, Capt. Budden s ship, which is daily expected, I only\\nadd, that I am, with great esteem and^affection. Yours etc B. Franklin.\\nOn 22 May, Mr. Smith landed in Philadelphia, from the\\nFalcon^ having sailed from London 5 April. His biographer\\ntells us, during the voyage he wrote several essays on educa-\\ntion, which were afterwards published in the Antigua Gazetted\\nHe was now at the threshold of his life s best work, and with\\nSmith, i. 44. This letter is not found in either Sparks or Bigelow, nor refer-\\nence thereto. There is an error in the date of the letter named, for Mr. Smith was\\nthen on the ocean, having sailed, it is said, on 13 October. See ante.\\n29 Smith, i. 44.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 201\\nhis accustomed energy and vivacity lost no time in consummating\\nhis plans.\\nThree days after his arrival, a Meeting of the Trustees was\\nsummoned, and there attended, as the roll in order recites,\\nMessrs. Franklin, Shippen, Leech, Peters, Taylor, Inglis, Cad-\\nwalader, Plumsted, Tho: Bond, Francis, Allen, M Call, Masters,\\nPhin. Bond, White, Willing, Syng, and Coleman, when\\nthe Question being put, Whether it be necessary at this Time to provide a\\nPerson in the Academy to teach Logick, Rhetorick, Ethicks and Natural\\nPhilosophy it was carried in the affirmative by a great majority.\\nIt being proposed that Mr William Smith, a Gentleman lately arrived\\nfrom London should be entertain d for sometime upon Trial, to teach the\\nabove mentioned Branches of Learning, in Case he will undertake it the\\nsame was agreed to, and Mr Franklin and Mr. Peters are desired to speak\\nwith him about it. [No terms were then set for his remuneration and it\\nwas not until the meeting of 11 July, 1755, that this was defined:] the\\nQuestion being put, whether the Salary of the Provost shall be Two Hun-\\ndred Pounds per annum carried in the affirmative by a great Majority,\\nand resolved that it shall commence from the Time of his first being\\nemployed in the Academy.\\nThis was the amount of Mr. Alison s salary from the outset, as\\nit had been that of Mr. Martin, the first Rector. To this, however,\\nwas added an annuity to Mr. Smith of \u00c2\u00a3^0 per annum from Thos.\\nPenn, in compliance with a request made him in 1754 when the\\nstate of the Academy made it necessary to open schools in the\\nhigher branches of Learning, begging his assistance to enable them\\nto employ a fit Person to instruct the Youth in the Arts and\\nSciences. The addition to the Provost s salary from this\\ngenerous source continued until 1761, when Mr. Penn s gift of\\nhis one-fourth part of Perkasie Manor was accepted with the\\nunderstanding that this sum was now to be assumed by the\\nTrustees. The Treasurer s account confirms the entry in Mr.\\nSmith s Diary, 25 May, 1754 commenced teaching in the phil-\\nosophy class, also ethics and rhetoric to the advanced pupils.\\nI have two classes, a senior and a junior one. It was at the\\nmeeting previous to the action had relating to the salary,\\nnamely 30 June 1755 that it was Proposed, That the Trustees\\nMinutes 10 February, 1761.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "202 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nvisit Mr. Smith s School on Thursday next, and inform them-\\nselves particularly what Branches of Learning and Science he\\nteaches the Students under his care, and the Proficiency they\\nhave made the result of which was so satisfactory that they\\nvoted his salary at the subsequent meeting.\\nMr. Smith s Diary could not have been a cotemporary\\nrecord, and in after times he may have made leading entries\\nwhich will account for the entry immediately preceding the one\\njust quoted and which in fact anticipated by ten months the\\nactual appointment, viz: 24th May 1754. I was this day in-\\nducted Provost of the College and Academy of Philadelphia,\\nand Professor of Natural Philosophy. But the College had\\nno existence until the new charter of 1755, under which, at the\\nmeeting of 7 March, 1755, twenty of the Trustees attending,\\nin Pursuance of the proposed new Institution, Mr. William\\nSmith was chosen Provost and Mr. Francis Alison Vice Pro-\\nvost and Rector, and their names order d to be accordingly\\ninserted in the Draught of the new Charter. In a note on the\\nmargin of this Minute in the handwriting of Dr. Smith, added\\nsome years later, it appears they then were both unanimously\\nelected.\\nWe soon have an insight into the workings of the Acad-\\nemy as Mr. Smith found them, in his letter of 18 July following\\nwritten to Dr. Peters then at Albany in attendance on a council\\nwith the Six Nations. As Smith was landing in Philadelphia\\nthe colonies were alive with fears of war with France, and the\\nimportance was felt of counteracting the influence to be wielded\\nby that nation with the Indians. The fears were not groundless,\\nand as many of the Trustees were on duty in public sei-vice in\\nthis and the following year, the Professors and Tutors had less\\nof their aid and countenance than in the piping times of peace.\\nSmith in a letter to Dr. Samuel Chandler, written 30 May\\nsays: Messrs. Peters and Franklin are to be sent out on Monday\\nnext as commissioners from the province to the general treaty,\\nSmith, i. 45 being a day earlier than the meeting of the Trustees above\\nquoted.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 203\\nto be held with the Five Nations at Albany, in New York, on\\nthe 14th of next month. Franklin in his autobiography\\ndescribes the opening of this drama, and the meeting which\\nhe was about attending was made memorable in the annals of\\nthe country as giving him the occasion to present his famous\\nplan of union of all the colonies. At the instant of time when\\nhe had finally secured William Smith to become one of the\\nfaculty of the Academy and to lead onwards and upwards the\\nwell digested aims of the institution, he was then preparing this\\nfamous plan of a constitutional confederation, having the\\nprescience of a seer that some kind of union of English interests\\nin this cis-Atlantic must be effected ere many years would elapse.\\nIn his Gazette of 9 May, when narrating the capture by the\\nFrench of Capt. Trent s party at the Ohio Forks, he concluded\\nwith a reference to the necessity of a union of the colonies for\\none common defence and security, and closes with the illus-\\ntration by a wood cut of a snake divided into several parts with\\nthe legend Join or Die an effective picture which was often\\nreproduced at the beginning of the Revolution. His auto-\\nbiography narrates the steps leading to this\\nIn 1754, war with France being again apprehended, a congress oi\\ncommissioners from the different colonies was, by an order of the Lords of\\nTrade, to be assembled at Albany, there to confer with the chiefs of the Six\\nNations concerning the means of defending both their country and ours.\\nGovernor Hamilton, having receiv d this order, acquainted the House with\\nit, requesting they would furnish proper presents for the Indians, to be\\ngiven on this occasion and naming the speaker (Mr. Norris) and myself\\nto join Mr. Thomas Penn and Mr. Secretary Peters as commissioners to\\nact for Pennsylvania. The House approv d the nomination, and provided\\nthe goods for the present, and tho they did not much like treating out of\\nthe provinces and we met the other commissioners at Albany about the\\nmiddle of June. In our way thither, I projected and drew a plan for the\\nunion of all the colonies under one government, so far as might be neces-\\nsary for defense, and other important general purposes. As we pass d\\nthro New York, I had then shown my project to Mr. James Alexander\\nand Mr. Kennedy, two gentlemen of great knowledge in public affairs,\\nand, being fortified by their approbation, I ventur d to lay it before\\nthe Congress. It then appeared that several of the commissioners had\\n^2 Smith, i. 45. 23 Bigelow, i. 242.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "204 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nform d plans of the same kind. A previous question was first taken,\\nwhether a union should be established, which passed in the affirmative\\nunanimously. A committee was then appointed, one member from each\\ncolony, to consider the several plans and report. Mine happened to be\\npreferr d, and, with a few amendments, was accordingly reported.\\nMr. Bancroft says of this statesman s plan\\nNew England colonies in their infancy had given birth to a\\nconfederacy. William Penn, in 1697, had proposed an annual congress\\nof all the provinces on the continent of America, with power to regulate\\ncommerce. Franklin revived the great idea, and breathed into it\\nenduring life. As he descended the Hudson, the people of New York\\nthronged about him to welcome him and he, who had first entered\\ntheir city as a runaway apprentice, was revered as the mover of American\\nUnion.\\nXXVI.\\nInstruction as well as interest calls for some attention in\\nthese pages to the great political movements of the day, seeing\\nthat the hand which was so often seen and felt in them was the\\nsame that was in like kind seen and felt in the local institution\\nwhose narrative we are pursuing and we can thus obtain the lights\\nand shadows of its life which might otherwise remain hidden from\\nour eyes. We turn now to Mr. Smith s letter to Dr. Peters,\\nwhich is doubly entertaining as illustrating how in less than a\\ntwo months domicile in the colony his versatile mind had already\\nformed decided views on the political questions of the day, and\\nwhich in the present case would be acceptable to his corre-\\nspondent\\n1 Philadelphia 18 July 1754.\\nDear Sir. As we have not heard from you this Post, I am at some\\nloss how to direct to you, but presume this will find you at New York. I\\nHistory of the United States, iv. 125. Smith, i. 49.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 205\\nwish your Congress with the Indians may turn out to the advantage of the\\nBritish cause, which has received a fatal blow by the entire defeat of\\nWashington, whom I cannot but accuse of Foolhardiness to have ventured\\nso near a vigilant enemy without being certain of their numbers, or waiting\\nfor junction of some hundreds of our best Forces, who were within a few\\nDays March of him. But perhaps what is (in this case) is right as it\\nmay open the eyes of our Assembly.\\nAs I hope soon to see you I shall say nothing about the Academy.\\nA Resolution which my worthy Friend, Col. Martin, is like to take, affects\\nme much, as it must be attended with an irreparable Loss to his children,\\nfor which Reason and none other you may endeavour, as I have already\\ndone, to divert him from it and I doubt not his good sense will take it in\\nthis Light both from you and me. I know his children. They know and\\nI hope love me. Now in about a twelvemonth their Education will be\\nfinished on the plan I have proposed. What is most useful in Logic they\\nhave already acquired. Moral Philosophy we have begun, and against\\nthe vacation in October shall have completed what we intend. Greek and\\nLatin they continue to read at proper Hours, together with two Hours\\nevery Day at Mathematics. From October till February or March we shall\\nbe employ d in reading some ancient Compositions critically, in applying\\nthe Rules of Rhetoric and in attempting some Imitations of these most\\nfinished Models in our own Language. This I take to be the true way of\\nLearning Rhetoric, which I should choose to put off until after the study\\nof natural Philosophy had we any apparatus ready, because in order to\\nwrite well we should have at least a general notion of all the sciences and\\ntheir relations one to another. This not only furnishes us with sentiments\\nbut perspicuity in wi iting, as one science frequently has Light thrown upon\\nit by another. In the Spring we shall spend 5 or 6 weeks in such experi-\\nments in natural Philosophy as we shall be able to exhibit. The rest of\\nthe Summer may be usefully spent in the Elements of civil Law, the\\nreading of History and the study of the Ends and Uses of Society, the\\ndifferent Forms of Government, c c. All this 1 hope we shall be able\\nto give our higher Class a sketch of, several of whom, particularly Mr.\\nMartin s sons, have capacity enough for such a course of Reading. Now,\\nsir, I appeal to you whether, for the sake of one year, it would be prudent\\nin Mr. Martin to change his son s Masters and Method Would he con-\\nsult their Interest if, for that short time, he should interrupt the many\\nacquaintances they are forming at our academy, which may be of use to\\nthem while they live, and which they cannot expect at New York, where\\nthere will not be for some time above 8 or 10 Boys (unless they depart\\nfrom the odd plan they have proposed), and not one Boy can be classed\\nwith Mr. Martin s sons.\\nAll this I say upon the supposition their Education could be com-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "2o6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\npleted as well in New York as here. But this is impossible at first. For\\nDr Johnson only pretends to teach Logic and Moral Philosophy, both\\nwhich the Martins will have gone thro before Dr Johnson begins, and\\nshould he begin them again, his Logic and Morality are very different from\\nours. There is no Matter by his scheme. No ground of Moral Obliga-\\ntion. Life is a Dream. All is from the immediate Impressions of the\\nDeity Metaphysical Distinctions which us Men and surely no Boy can\\nunderstand, I fear much will come in the place of fixing virtue on her true\\nBottom and forming the Taste of elegant writing. But further, whom have\\nthey at New York for Mathematics or Nat. Philosophy, which are not the\\nDr s province Whom for teaching the Belles Lettres Where is their\\napparatus Where a sufficient number of Students for public school acts\\nDisputation Thus, then, you see if Mr Martin takes his sons from this\\nplace he must fix them at New York so far advanced that they cannot\\ncarry them one step farther, and thereby I wonder what could induce Dr\\nJohnson, whose worth and Integrity I know, to strive to persuade Mr\\nMartin to remove his sons from a Seminary where they have reaped great\\nBenefit, where their Education must soon be finished. To me, who\\nknow what they have done, what they can do and what they want to do, it\\nclearly appears such a step would absolutely mar their Education and I\\ndoubt not it would appear so to you. I have stated the case to Col Martin,\\nbut could say a Thousand things more if I saw him. I beg you to speak\\nto him, if you should go to Long Island on purpose. You love doing good,\\nand you never can have such an opportunity of serving that Gentleman,\\nwho, not having a liberal education, may be easily misled on a point the\\nmost important of all others, Did I not see it in this light I would scorn\\nto say one word on the subject. Tis true, I had reason to think what I\\nhave already done for his sons would make him glad of finishing their\\nstudies under one who knows and loves them but if their Interest were not\\nat stake, his Design of removing them would only so far affect my pride as to\\nmake me resent the usage with Silent Contempt. I would never wish that\\nthe Character of an Academy or mine in particular should want any other\\nBasis but what is intrinsic and may be seen by all.\\nMy compliments to our dear Franklin. We are in hopes he will\\nreturn with you. I beg also to be remembered to Mr. Penn, Mr. Morris\\nand all your company, as also to the Gov r mt and as many of my New\\nYork Friends as are pleased to think of me. The clergy there I do not\\nforget. Excuse my haste the length of this, which flows from honest\\nzeal for the wellfare of my dear pupils. Yours affectionately\\nWilliam Smith\\nFrom this letter we gather an insight into the beginnings of\\nKings College, of which Dr. Johnson had assumed the Presidency", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 207\\nbut a few weeks before. The controversies which surrounded\\nits birth, and of which indeed it was made the occasion, forbad\\nDr. Johnson working out a full curriculum at once, and in Mr.\\nSmith s warm concern for his pupils he was loth to have them go\\nthither under the circumstances and away from his tutelage\\nthough it was alike reasonable for Mr. Martin to desire his sons\\nentered at a college nearer home, the support ofwhich was sought\\nfor from every active Churchman. But death soon solved the\\nquestion for one of the lads William Thomas Martin, the second\\nson, died after a brief illness on 28th of August, 1754. And\\non Sunday, i September, the day after the funeral, Mr. Smith\\npreached a sermon in Christ Church On the Death of a Beloved\\nPupil, the first of his published discourses. With the sermon\\nthere were printed A Collection of the Tears of a few young\\ngentlemen who were fellow students of the deceased, in verse, the\\nwriters being Francis Hopkinson, Samuel Magaw, Jacob Duche\\nand Paul Jackson, with lines also from Thomas Barton. Hop-\\nkinson s lines open and conclude thus\\nI call no aid, no muses to inspire,\\nOr teach my breast to feel a poet s fire\\nYour soft expression of a grief sincere,\\nBrings from our soul a sympathetic tear\\nThis only truth permits me to disclose.\\nThat in your own, you represent my woes\\nAnd sweeter than my song, is your harmonious prose.\\nIn an obituary of the young man and a notice of the sermon\\nprinted in the Gazette, 5 September it is said\\nOur Academy has been remarkably happy, in sustaining so few Losses\\nof this kind. For since it was first open d this is but the second Youth\\nthat has died, in more than the Space of four Years which among several\\nHundreds that have been constantly educating in it, is uncommon, as it\\nhas been long observ d, in all the Schools and Colleges of Europe, that\\none out of an Hundred dies one Year with another. Our City was never\\nknown, upon the whole, so healthy in the Month of August, as this year,\\nnor have we ever had fewer Deaths As the Preacher seem d\\nsensibly touch d with his subject, and was known to have loved the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "2o8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nDeceased, who had grown up under him for several Years, and was a\\nPlant reared by his own Hand, the Discourse had a very great effect upon\\nthe Audience. It is now in the Press, by the particular Desire and Advice\\nof some who heard it, and will be published about the Middle of next\\nweek.\\nDuring Franklin s absence in the early part of 1755 in a\\ntour in the New England States, he visited New Haven, at\\nwhich time at a reception in College Hall the Rev d Ezra Stiles,\\nan alumnus of 1746, then a Tutor, and in 1778 President of\\nYale College pronounced a Latin oration in compliment to him.\\nFranklin s friendship with the Rev. Jared Eliot, one of the Trus-\\ntees of the College, and acquaintance with President Clap had in-\\nduced him in 1749 to send an electrical machine to the College\\nand the experiments made with it at this time by Mr. Stiles are\\nclaimed to have been the first of the kind in New England.^\\n2 Personal Affliction and frequent Reflection upon human Life of great\\nUse to lead man to the Remembrance of God. A Sermon, c., Printed by B.\\nFrankhn and D. Hall, 1754.\\nYale College, Kingsley. i. 78, 103. This oration, In Gratulatione Nobilis-\\nsimi et Amplissimi vivi B. Franklini, Armig. Fensylvan. De Honoribus suis, ob.\\nRatiocinia Inventiones ejus eximlas et insignes in Electricismo oratio, quam ad\\nIllum, in Aula Acad. Yal. Habuit. Ezra Stiles, Nonis Februarii, A. D. 1755,\\nis given in full in William Temple Franklin s Alemoiis of the Life and Writings\\nof his Grandfather, London, 1818, quarto Vol. i,p. 443, and octavo edition ii.\\n289. Mr. Dexter, Assistant Librarian of Yale University, favors me with a copy from\\nDr. Stiles original MS. of the oration the author must have furnished Dr. Franklin,\\nupon request, with a copy, and this doubtless was found among the latter s papers\\nfrom which it was inserted in the Memoirs ol 1818. This latter bears some verbal\\nchanges from the original which make no difference, however, in the proper render-\\ning. Air. Dexter writes me: In February, 1755, the Tutors were the only resi-\\ndent instructors besides the President; and with President Clap s partiality for Stiles,\\nit is not strange that the duty of welcoming Franklin was committed to him. For\\na further reference to this interesting occasion see Mr. Dexter s Annals of the College\\nHistory for 1754-55, ii. 355 Another distinguished writer in the following Feb-\\nruary was Benjamin Franklin, who was now Deputy Postmaster General for the\\nNorth American Continent, and had already received the honors of the College for\\nhis brilliant electrical discoveries, c.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 209\\nXXVII.\\nWe have seen that Mr. Smith was chosen Provost and Mr.\\nAlison Vice-Provost in March, 1755, in advance of the passage of\\nthe new charter, in order to secure the names of the incumbents\\nof these two offices being inserted in the draft of the charter.\\nThis new charter, as stated in a previous page, was based upon\\na suggestion to the Trustees in December, 1754, submitted by\\nMr. Alison and Mr. Smith, looking to securing the needed power\\nof conferring degrees, which was not accorded in the charter of\\n1753 These gentlemen, under instructions to draw up a clause\\nto be added to the charter for that purpose, appeared at the Jan-\\nuary meeting and laid before the Trustees the Draught of a\\nCharter drawn up by Mr. Smith,\\nfor the Purposes mentioned in the Minute of 10 December last, which\\nbeing long and containing several matters of Importance, Mr Francis Mr\\nPeters Mr White and William Coleman are appointed a Committee to\\nexamine the same, and are desir d to report thereon at the next meeting,\\n[on 1 1 February] Mr Peters reported that the Committee appointed to\\nexamine the Draught of a Charter laid before the Trustees at their last\\nmeeting, after maturely considering the said Draught, had made a new\\none, varying from the former in several Particulars, and the said new\\nDraught being produced by Mr Francis, was read, and considered Para-\\ngraph by Paragraph, and after a small Alteration was approved of and\\nordered to be engrossed. [On 7 March] the Trustees being now informed\\nthat the Governor agreeable to the Prayer of their Petition to him, was\\nready to grant them a Charter on the Terms of the above mentioned\\nDraught, resolved to wait on him immediately in order to receive the same\\nat his Hands.\\nThese were Messrs. Hamilton, Franklin, Inglis, Stedman, M Call,\\nAllen, White, Plumsted, Turner, Cadwalader, Strettell, Maddox,\\nPeters, Phin. Bond, Francis, Tho. Bond, Leech, Masters, Syng\\nand Coleman. But a clause in the charter excited some mis-\\napprehension as to its scope, which perhaps was only detected\\nupon the due application of its terms and at the meeting of 13\\nMay, the only Minute recorded bears on the question\\nThe new Charter lately granted to the Trustees being produced and\\nread, some Objection was made to a clause therein, as tending to confirm", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "2IO History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nany future Provost, Vice Provost and Professors in their respective offices\\nduring Life, which not being intended Mr Peters was desired to wait on\\nthe Governor in Behalf of the Trustees, and request he would be pleased\\nto alter the same.\\nThis was accorded and on lo June, 1755,\\nthe clause in the new Charter objected to at the last Meeting having\\nbeen altered by the Governor to the Satisfaction of the Trustees, and the\\nCharter afterwards repass d the Seal all the Trustees who attended this\\nmeeting [namely Messrs Franklin, Phin. Bond, Taylor, Cadwalader, Zach-\\nary, Peters, Stedman, Shippen, Masters, Hamilton, Strettell, Turner,\\nSyng, Inglis, Tho. Bond, and Coleman,] except Lloyd Zachary, waited\\non the Governor as did likewise the Provost and Vice Provost and\\nrespectively took and subscribed the Qualifications thereby required in his\\nPresence. And the Trustees in Consequence thereof do now assume the\\nName and Title of The Trustees of the College, Academy and\\nCharitable School of Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsyl-\\nvania, by which Name they are incorporated.\\nDr. Zachary never quahfied and took his seat in the Board but\\nhis death in November 1756 removed his name from the list of\\nTrustees. At the meeting of 30 June Messrs. Francis, Maddoxand\\nMifflin, qualified and took their seats and on 1 1 July, Messrs.\\nAllen and White appeared in like manner. As there are no min-\\nutes between that date and 9 December, we find no record of the\\ntimes Messrs. Leech, M Call, and Plumsted took their seats under\\ndue qualification.\\nEarly information to the public was given of the passage of\\nthe first draft of this charter, by Franklin in the Gazette of 1 1\\nMarch, 1755\\nLast Friday an additional Charter passed the Great Seal of this\\nProvince by which a College, in the most extensive Sense of the Word,\\nis erected in this city, and added to that Collection of Schools, formerly\\ncalled the Academy, under the same general Government, the Trustees\\nbeing now incorporated by the Name of The Trustees of the Col-\\nlege, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia, in the\\nProvince of Pennsylvania. The Chief Masters are also made a\\nFaculty, or learned Body, by the Name of The Provost, Vice Pro-\\nvost, and Professors of the College and Academy of Philadel-\\nphia in the Province of Pennsylvania, and a Power of admitting\\nStudents and others to the usual University Degrees is granted, under\\nsuch wise and judicious Restrictions, that the Honors of the Seminary", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 211\\ncan hardly ever be prostituted to mean or venal Purposes, but must be\\nthe object of every Student s Ambition, who is capable of distinguishing\\nbetween real and counterfeit Honor. That Clause in the Charter relating\\nto Degrees shall be inserted in next Week s Gazette, that such as are\\ndesirous of the Honors of this College, may see on what terms they are to\\nexpect them, and how far they may be considered as real Honors.\\nXXVIII.\\nFour of the original trustees were now dead. To the names\\nof Logan and Hopkinson, ah eady recorded, were added\\nLawrence and Willing a fifth, Dr. Zachary participated no\\nfurther in the councils of the Trustees. Isaac Norris who\\nhad succeeded Logan had tendered his resignation from\\nwant of time amid pressure of public duties. Governor Hamil-\\nton had been chosen 17 September, 1754, to succeed Mr.\\nLawrence; Mr. Alexander Stedman, on 11 February, 1755 to\\nsucceed Mr. Willing and Mr John Mifflin on 7 March, 1755 to\\nfill the vacancy left by Mr. Norris. Both Hamilton and Sted-\\nman attended the meeting which elected the new Provost and\\nVice-Provost, and Mifflin s election was had at the same meet-\\ning. Before we proceed in our narrative of the College under\\nthe creation given to it by the charter of 1755, let us learn\\nsomewhat of these new Trustees, who all shared actively in its\\nwork.\\nJames Hamilton, son of Andrew Hamilton, a Councillor,\\nand a native of Accomac County, Virginia, was born about\\n1 7 10. His sister, Margaret, was wife of Chief Justice Allen,\\none of the original Trustees of the Academy. His father own-\\ning lands in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, he was returned\\nfrom there to the Provincial Assembly when but twenty-four\\nyears of age, and was re-elected five times therefrom. Removing\\nafterwards to Philadelphia, he was made a member of Council", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "2 12 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nin 1739, in 1741 an Alderman, was chosen Mayor in\\nOctober, 1745, and while Mayor was called to a seat in the\\nProvincial Council and qualified 17 January, 1746. Visiting\\nEngland, he returned from there in November, 1748, bearing a\\ncommission from the Penns as Lieutenant-Governor of the Prov-\\nince. Franklin writing to James Logan 6 April, 1748, says,\\nYou must have heard that Mr. James Hamilton is appointed\\nour Governor an event that gives us the more pleasure, as we\\nesteem him a benevolent and upright, as well as a sensible\\nman. His instructions from home hampered him in his deal-\\nings with the Assembly, whose bills for the issue of paper\\nmoney could not meet his approval as they were without the\\nrequired proviso that the operations of all such should be sus-\\npended until the Royal assent to them could be had. The\\nassembly stood firm on their privileges, and the Governor was\\nembarrassed, for the French were threatening and the Quaker\\nassembly, averse to appropriations for war purposes, though not\\nso to points of money for the King s use, which would indeed\\ncover many an object whether for war or for peace, could only\\nrecognize the issue of bills as the surest way of raising money\\neven for the requirements of the province. Hamilton asked to\\nbe superseded, and a month after his election as a Trustee of\\nthe Academy he was relieved of the Governorship by the arrival\\nin October, 1754, of Robert Hunter Morris, whose success with\\nthe Assembly was no better. Weary of a service, which he\\nfound incompatible, if not with his notions of honor, at least\\nwith his repose, he had desired to be dismissed. Hamilton\\nremained in the Council, and was active in all efforts of the\\nauthorities to thwart the ravages of the Indians on the borders,\\ntraveling even in midwinter to secure proper organization of the\\ninhabitants and friendly Indians, for in the year after his retiring\\nfrom the Governorship Braddock s defeat had thrown the\\nwhole Province into consternation. He was again commissioned\\nLieutenant-Governor on 19 July, 1759, when on a visit to\\n1 Bigelow, ii. 115.\\nHistorical Review, in Sparks, iii. 280. In Franklin s letter to David Hume,\\n27 September, 1760, he disclaims the authorship of this Review. Bigelow, iii. 125.\\nBut this disclaimer seems yet an open question with historians.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 213\\nEngland, but on the understanding he be not restrained from\\nassenting to any reasonable bill for taxing the Proprietary-\\nestates in common with all other estates in the Provinces, This\\nwas the political sore of the Province, which grew into greater\\nproportions in after years. In a letter to Thomas Penn, 21\\nAugust, 1759, he says\\nEverybody knows I did not solicit my appointment to it; nor have I\\nvaried the terms, on which I professed to engage in it, one iota from the\\nbeginning. Those terms were that I would not be restrained from giving\\nmy assent to any reasonable bill for taxing the proprietary estates in\\ncommon with all the other estates in the province, because in my opinion\\nit was not more than just that it should be so. If you have changed\\nyour sentiments, with regard to this matter, which, for a long time I\\nlooked upon to be the same as mine, it will give me no pain on my own\\naccount. l think it incumbent on me to declare, as I\\nhave frequently done, that I cannot think of engaging myself in that\\nservice, but upon the terms and conditions above mentioned.\\nIn 1760 a bill was introduced for raising i^ioo,ooo assess-\\nments to be on all alike but inasmuch as the assessors only\\nrepresented the people and in their appointment the Penns had\\nno voice, hamilton endeavored for some change in the bill,\\nbut without avail, and finally approved it under the necessity at\\nthat time existing for money, all his contention having been that\\nthe Proprietaries be put on an equal footing with all others. He\\nwas again relieved from the office by the arrival of John Penn\\nin October, 1763, as Lieutenant Governor. On Mr. Penn s\\ndeparture in May, 1 771, as President of the Council, Ham-\\nilton was for the third time acting Governor of the province,\\nand in this term encountered the controversies of the\\nConnecticut claimants in the Wyoming Valley. And again a\\nfourth term for a few months after Richard Penn left the pro-\\nvince in July, 1773. He stood apart from the movements of\\nthe Revolution, his pohtical associations drawing his sympathy\\nto the English side. In 1777 he was a prisoner on parole\\nSparks, vii. 172.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "214 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwithin the bounds of the province. He was at Northampton\\nduring the occupation of Philadelphia by the British, but returned\\nhere on a pass, not long after the enemy evacuated the city,\\nand he returned to Bush Hill, which he had inherited from\\nhis father, the Woodlands west of the Schuylkill having been\\nleft to his brother Andrew. James Hamilton died in New York\\n14 August, 1783. He was never married and his brother s son\\nWilliam succeeded to his estates including Bush Hill.\\nHe partook with his associates the like lively interest\\nwith them in the meetings of the Trustees and the affairs of the\\nCollege, but his public concerns in the Council and otherwise\\nforbad him a regular attendance at the meetings. His wealth\\njoined to a personal influence gave him a position of great\\nweight in the community, and a taste for scientific pursuits and\\na desire for the furtherance of public enterprises showed him to\\nbe a man of parts. He was for some years President of the\\nPhilosophical Society when it united with the Society for Pro-\\nmoting Useful Knowledge, and at the first election for the\\nPresident of the new Society, 2 January, 1769, he and Franklin\\nwere placed in nomination, but the latter although then abroad,\\nwith his reputation in science and as the founder of the original\\nPhilosophical Society in 1743, was elected. The firmness and\\nstrength of his character are portrayed sufficiently in his letter\\nto Thomas Penn already referred to. And there must have been\\nbetween him and Franklin certain lines of sympathy in the pro-\\nprietary contest, which was active at the time he was elected a\\nTrustee, which served to bring the two often together in con-\\nference on the public situation. Hamilton s first administration\\nas Governor is very completely portrayed in the Historical Reiew\\nof Pennsylvania above referred to.\\nAlexander Stedman was born in 1703 the son of Robert\\nStedman of Kinross. He took part in the Stuart rising of 1745,\\nwas taken prisoner after Culloden, but escaped to America and\\nsettled in Philadelphia, and made his peace with the mother\\ncountry. He was a sound lawyer and profound mathematician.\\nHe was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 215\\n21 March, 1764.* He was a Vestryman of Christ Church from\\n1758 to 1766, and was Church Warden from 1759 to 1762. On\\nthe declaration of the colonies independence he withdrew to\\nEngland, and retired to Swansea where he died aged 91. He\\nmarried Elizabeth daughter of William Chancellor of Peresford,\\nSomerset. He and his brother Charles became largely inter-\\nested in Lancaster County lands, a large portion of which they\\nsold in 1758 to Baron Stiegel, upon which the latter laid out the\\ntown of Manheim, and eventually he bought the entire Stedman\\ninterest in the tract.^ Alexander Stedman was one of the Com-\\nmission in 1 756 appointed by Lieutenant Governor Morris to audit,\\nadjust and settle the accounts of certain owners of horses and\\nwagons, contracted for by Benjamin Franklin under General\\nBraddock s service.^\\nAlexander s younger brother Charles, born 17 13, shared in\\nthe ill fortunes of the Stuarts, and came to Pennsylvania where\\nhis interests increased. He was a member of Christ Church\\nVestry in 1752-74 and again 1776-78 and was Church Warden\\nin 1764 and 65, and was present at Mr Duche s house on 4 July,\\n1776 when the Vestry unanimously passed the resolution\\nrequesting in the name of the vestry and their constitutents to\\nomit the petitions in the liturgy for the royal family. Charles\\nmarried in 1769 Ann, daughter of Dr Thomas Graeme.\\nSabine says of Alexander and his son Charles, Jr of Phila-\\ndelphia the latter a lawyer. Both attainted of treason, and\\nestates confiscated.\\nHe had been commissioned Associate Justice of the City Court 5 October,\\n1756, and President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the City and County of\\nPhiladelphia in place of William Coleman, 8 April, 1758, and Presiding Justice of the\\nOrphans Court 9 December following.\\nPennsylvania Magazine, i. 69 and viii. 68.\\nIbid., V. 336. Dr. William Drewet Smith was married to Miss Peggy\\nStedman daughter of Alexander Stedman, Esq., of this city. Peunsylvania\\nGazette 23 Aug. 1775.\\nLoyalists, ii. 581. Charles, Jr., became head of the Commissariat of the\\nBritish army in the States, war prisoner in 1776 and again 1780, and was companion\\nto Major Andre while in prison. He was author of the History of the Origin, Progress,\\nand Termination of the American War. 2 vols, quarto, London, 1794. The author\\nthinks that Howe could have closed the war victoriously in the campaign of 1776.\\nAllibone.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "2i6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nJohn Mifflin was born in Philadelphia i8 January, 171 5,\\nthe son of George Mifflin and grandson of John Mifflin of Wilt-\\nshire, England, who was one of the first arrivals in Pennsyl-\\nvania. He became a merchant of great prominence, and was\\nelected a Councilman of Philadelphia in 1747, and an Alder-\\nman in 175 1, to the latter office being chosen concurrently with\\nFranklin. He had been but a few months Trustee of the\\nAcademy when he was on 2 November, 1755, called to the Pro-\\nvincial Council. He was one of the Commissioners appointed\\nby Act of Assembly to disburse the ;i^6o,ooo granted after a\\nlong struggle by the Assembly for the King s use, a eupho-\\nnious phrase denoting the defence of the Province, which the\\nAssembly under its Friendly Control would not directly vote for\\nmilitary defence. He died in February, 1759, and was buried\\nin Friends Burying Ground. He was twice married, his second\\nwife being Sarah daughter of William Fishbourne, whose widow\\nmarried John Galloway. Mrs. Mifflin eventually married Mr.\\nJohn Beale Bordley of Maryland. John Mifflin s eldest son\\nThomas, a graduate of the College and Academy in 1760,\\nbecame a Trustee in 1773 his eminent services in the Revolu-\\ntion and as the first Governor of Pennsylvania will demand a\\nnotice when we reach his election. His son by the second wife,\\nJohn Fishbourne, was a graduate of the College and Academy in\\n1775, and became a Trustee of the University in 1802.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 217\\nXXIX.\\nAt the meeting of 10 June, 1755 The President, Mr.\\nHamilton, Mr. Taylor, Doctor Phineas Bond, Mr. Peters, and\\nMr. Stedman, were appointed a Committee to Examine a\\nDraught of Sundry Rules and Statutes now proposed to the\\nTrustees to be enacted, doubtless prepared by the President and\\nsubmitted by him for adoption. And at the meeting of 11 July,\\nthe President reported, That the Committee appointed at the last meeting\\nto examine a Draught of sundry Rules and Statutes then laid before the\\nTrustees, had after due consideration, made some Alterations therein and\\nthe same being now produced and read were approved and enacted, being\\nin the following Words\\nRULES AND STATUTES OF THE COLLEGE, ACADEMY AND\\nCHARITY-SCHOOL OF PHILADELPHIA.\\nSect. I.\\nOf the General Powers of the Faculty in Executing Laws.\\nAs a Faculty, the Provost, Vice-Provost and Professors, shall have\\nan immediate general Regard to the Manners and Education of all the\\nYouth, belonging to this College, Academy and Charity -School.\\nThey shall be invested with the Execution of all Laws, that shall\\nfrom Time to Time, be made by the Trustees, for the wholsome Govern-\\nment of the several Members of the same excepting in those particular\\nCases, wherein, by Laws and Statutes hereafter to be enacted, it may be\\nthought proper to restrict them.\\nThat they may more effectually discharge this Trust, they shall meet\\nat least once a Fortnight in the College Academy and oftener if the\\nProvost think fit, or any two Members of the Faculty desire him to call a\\nMeeting.\\nWhen met, they shall diligently examine what Proficiency the\\nStudents make from Time to Time, under their respective Professors or\\nTutors and whether there be any Breach, or Neglect of the Laws of the\\nCorporation among the Students, and shall determine all Matters by a\\nMajority of Votes.\\nIn Consequence of these Determinations, the Person who presides\\nat such Meetings, as hereinafter directed, shall, in the Name of the Fac-\\nulty, encourage and reward the deserving, admonish, censure, or inflict\\nsuch Mulcts lesser Punishments on Delinquents, as the Majority of the\\nFaculty so met, shall deem reasonable and conformable to the Laws then\\nin Force.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "2i8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nBut that Things of a more weighty Nature may be done with greater\\nDeliberation and Solemnity, the Inflicting upon any Student or Students,\\nthe greater Punishments of Expulsion, Suspension and Degradation, shall\\nbe by Direction of the Trustees only when duly met.\\nAnd, if at such Meetings of the Faculty it shall appear, that there\\nhas been a Neglect of Duty in any Professor, the Faculty shall admonish\\nhim in the most friendly Manner but if repeated Admonitions have not\\nthe proper Effect, they shall lay the Matter before the Trustees.\\nSect. 2.\\nOf the Legislative Powers of the Faculty.\\nAnd that a Body of good Laws may speedily be compiled perfected\\nby Persons, who from their daily Employments in this Seminary, have\\nfrequent Opportunities of discovering the Necessity, or Utility, of particular\\nRegulations and because various Cases and Circumstances may arise,\\nwhich no human Prudence can foresee, and against which the Laws then\\nin Being have not sufficiently provided the Faculty, when met, shall from\\nTime to Time, have Power to make such Ordinances and Regulations, as\\nthey, or the major Part of them, shall judge necessary, either for the\\nEducation of the Youth, or the better Government of the several Members\\nof this College Academy Charity-School. The Regulations and Ordi-\\nnances so made by the Faculty, shall have the same Force as Laws and\\nStatutes of the Trustees till their first ensuing Meeting before whom at\\ntheir said first ensuing Meeting, all such Regulations and Ordinances shall be\\nlaid by the Provost or any other Person they may appoint for that Purpose.\\nIf at the first Meeting of the Trustees the said Regulations and\\nOrdinances shall not be annulled, they shall still continue in Force, as\\nOrdinances of the Faculty, subject to such Amendments Alterations as\\nthe Trustees from Time to Time shall think proper till at last by them\\neither annulled or ratified, and enrolled among the publick Statutes.\\nNevertheless no Regulation or Ordinance made by the Faculty shall\\nbe valid if they neglect to lay the same before the Trustees at their first\\nensuing Meeting as above directed, nor shall any Ordinance be made\\nrepugnant to the standing Laws of the Corporation.\\nBut if the Faculty find any Amendment or Alteration of a standing\\nLaw of the Corporation necessary, they shall propose the same to the\\nTrustees for their Consideration.\\nSect. 3,\\nOf the particular Powers and Duties of the Provost.\\nThe Provost shall have a general Inspection of the Morals and\\nBehaviour of all the Youth, to admonish and regulate them in all Affairs\\nof smaller Concern.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 219\\nHe shall also have Power to call a Meeting of the Faculty whenever\\nhe shall judge it necessary.\\nIn all Meetings of the Faculty, stated or occasional, he shall preside\\nand likewise in all publick Acts and Disputations, and in publick Exami-\\nnations and Commencements.\\nSect. 4.\\nOf the Vice-Provost.\\nDuring the necessary Absence of the Provost, the Vice-Provost shall\\nbe invested with all the Powers, and do the Duties of a Provost.\\nUpon the Death, Cession or Removal, of the Provost, the Vice-\\nProvost shall exercise all the said Powers as he was used to do in the\\nordinary Absence of the Provost, till a Successor be chosen and admitted.\\nSect. 5.\\nOf the Senior Professor.\\nIn the necessary Absence of both the Provost and Vice-Provost\\nall the aforesaid Powers shall be devolved upon the Senior Professor that\\nshall be present, according to that Order of Precedence which shall from\\nTime to Time be settled by the Trustees among the Professors, next after\\nthe Provost and Vice-Provost.\\nIn the College and At a Meeting of the Corporation, the\\nAcademy Hall July nth five foregoing Sections of Laws Statutes\\n1755, were enacted, and ordered to be enrolled\\nin the Book of Statutes, and a Copy of\\nthem to be delivered to the Faculty.\\nB. Franklin President of the\\nTrustees.\\nAnd the following three Laws or Statutes, drawn up by the President,\\nafter being read and consider d by the Trustees, were also enacted, to wit\\nLaws or Statutes of the Trustees.\\nChap. I.\\nConcerning Elections.\\nIt is enacted by the Trustees of the College, Academy and Charitable\\nSchool of Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania, That all Elections\\nto be made hereafter by the Trustees aforesaid, for the Time being.\\nWhether of a President, Treasurer, Clerk, or other Officer of the Trustees,\\nor of Provost, Vice-Provost, Professor of any Kind, or other Master,\\nUsher, or Officer of the College, Academy or Charitable School, shall be\\nmade by written Tickets containing the Name or Names of the Person or", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "2 20 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nPersons voted for, put into the President s Hat by the Persons voting and\\nthe Choice appearing to be made by a Majority of such Tickets, shall be\\nimmediately entered by the Clerk in the Minutes of the Trustees Proceed-\\nings.\\nChap. II.\\nConcerning the Meetings of the Trustees, Officers to be chosen.\\nIt is enacted, That the Trustees shall meet on the second Tuesday\\nof every Month throughout the Year, at the Academy, to visit the Schools,\\nexamine the Scholars, hear their publick Exercises, and transact such other\\nBusiness as may come before them, and also at such other Times and\\nPlaces as they shall adjourn to at such Meetings, or as they shall be called\\nto meet at by the President on Special unforeseen Occasions.\\nAnd at their first Meeting in the Month of May yearly they shall\\nchuse a President, for the ensuing Year, whose particular Duty it shall be,\\nwhen present, to regulate their Debates, and State the Questions arising\\nfrom them to sign the Orders of the Trustees, and to direct Notices to be\\ngiven of the Times and Places of their special Conventions.\\nThey shall also at the same Time, chuse one of their own Members\\nto be Treasurer, who shall receive all Donations and Money due to them,\\nand disburse and lay out the Same according to their Orders And at the\\nEnd of each Year pay the Sum remaining in his Hands to his Successor.\\nThey shall also at the same Time chuse a Clerk for the ensuing\\nYear whose Duty it shall be to keep an exact Account of the Times of\\nall Admissions and Departures of Students, the Quarterly Sums due from\\neach, and the Payments made and also to collect the Sums due from\\nTime to Time, whether Entrance Money or Ouarteridge, and pay the same\\nQuarterly into the Hands of the Treasurer. The Clerk shall also make\\nout and deliver written Notices to the Trustees, one Day at least before\\neach Meeting, of the Time Place of such Meeting attend the Trustees\\nat their Meetings, and take the Names of the Persons present, with true\\nMinutes of their Proceedings.\\nChap. III.\\nOf the Number of Trustees necessary to do Business.\\nIt is enacted That, due Notice having been left by the Clerk, in\\nWriting, at the House of each Trustee, signifying the Time and Place of\\nany Meeting of the Trustees, the Members that shall meet in pursuance of\\nsuch Notice, may one Hour after the time appointed, proceed to consider\\nany Business that shall come before them relating to their Trust and the\\nDetermination of a Majority of those so met, shall be as valid and con-\\nclusive as if the whole Number of Trustees were present.\\nProvided nevertheless. That when any Money is to be laid out or", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 221\\ndisposed of, exceeding the Sum of Twenty Pounds, or any Salary to be\\naugmented at any Meeting of the Trustees, the same shall be first pro-\\nposed at a preceding Meeting and particularly express d in the written\\nNotice to be given.\\nIn addition to the approval and enactment of the above\\nThe President, Mr. Peters and Mr. Inglis are appointed a Committee to\\nconsider the Rates to be paid by the Scholars in the General schools and\\nto prepare a Scheme thereof, to be laid before the Trustees at their next\\nMeeting. They are likewise desired to consider what Vacations and\\nHollidays ought to be allowed.\\nWe are without the results or report of this Committee s work,\\nas there is an absence of all Minutes for five months those of 9\\nDecember being the next recorded, but mention must not be\\nomitted of their voting at this meeting a Sum not exceeding\\none Hundred and Fifty pounds Sterling, be laid out in an Ap-\\nparatus for exhibiting Philosophical Experiments. It was at\\nthis July meeting Mr. Paul Jackson was chosen clerk to the\\nTrustees for the ensuing year, and to be allowed Six pounds per\\nannum for that service. Mr. Jackson had been a tutor for\\nthree years, and in less than a twelvemonth from this time we\\nshall find him one of the Faculty. The faithful Trustee, Wil-\\nliam Coleman, was thus relieved from the clerkship at the first\\nmeeting of the Trustees he was elected Treasurer, but on 17\\nDecember, 1750, Mr. William Coleman being requested to act\\nas Clerk for the ensuing year, agrees to perform that service,\\nbut his year lengthened out to almost five years. The new\\nclerk makes no note of explanation of this hiatus in the pro-\\nceedings of the Trustees. It was however a season of alarm in\\nthe Province, for Braddock s expedition which had raised the\\nhighest hopes of a final destruction to the efforts of the French\\nand their Indian allies on our borders had by his defeat in July\\nbrought the colonists to the lowest straits of anxiety and alarm.\\nGeneral Braddock had landed at Alexandria, Virginia, with his\\nconfident troops and in his own greater confidence, and marched\\nthence to Fredericktown, where he was obliged to halt for\\ntransportation. The unfortunate dissensions in the Pennsylvania\\nAssembly, the non-resistants opposed to grants for military\\ndefence, and the executive hampered, Braddock had formed the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "222 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nimpression that Pennsylvania was averse to aiding the King in\\nthis expedition. The Assembly deputed Franklin to visit the\\nBritish General and under guise of arranging a postal service\\nduring his campaign to disabuse his mind of any wrong im-\\npressions held of the Pennsylvanians. The Minutes of 8 April\\nsimply state, The Trustees should have met this Day, but\\nmost of them being engaged in Publick Business, no meeting was\\nheld; Franklin was at the time with Braddock, and in his\\nAutobiography says,\\nWe found the General at Frederictown, waiting impatiently for the\\nreturn of those he had sent through the back parts of Maryland and Vir-\\nginia to collect waggons. I stayed with him several days, dined with him\\ndaily, and had full opportunity of removing all his prejudices, by the infor-\\nmation of what the Assembly had before his arrival actually done, and\\nwere still willing to do, to facilitate his operations. When I was about to\\ndepart, the returns of waggons to be obtained were brought in, by which it\\nappeared, that they amounted only to twenty-five, and not all of those were\\nin serviceable condition. The General and all the officers were surprised,\\ndeclared the expedition was then at an end, being impossible and\\nexclaimed against the ministers for ignorantly landing them into a country\\ndestitute of the means of conveying their stores, baggage, c not less than\\none hundred and fifty waggons being necessary. I happened to say, I\\nthought it was a pity they had not been landed rather in Pennsylvania, as\\nin that country almost every farmer had his waggon. The General eagerly\\nlaid hold of my words, and said, Then you, sir, who are a man of interest\\nthere, can probably procure them for us and I beg you will undertake it.\\nOn his way North Franklin issued an Advertisement from\\nLancaster on 26 April, where he would attend from this day\\nto next Wednesday evening, and at York from next Thursday\\nmorning till Friday evening, calling for the needed wagons\\nand horses, and offering to contract for the same and at the\\nsame time issued an Appeal to the Inhabitants of the Counties\\nof Lancaster, and York, concluding,\\nthe King s business must be done so many brave troops, come so far for\\nyour defence, must not stand idle through your backwardness to do what\\nmay be reasonably expected from you wagons and horses must be had\\nviolent measures will probably be used, and you will be left to seek for a\\nrecompense where you can find it, and your case perhaps be little pitied\\nor regarded.\\n1 Bigelow, i. 250.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 223\\nOf Franklin s success in this appeal, history makes full\\nrecord but as the colonists\\nalleged they did not know General Braddock, or what dependence might\\nbe had on his promise, insisted on my bond for the performance, which I\\naccordingly gave them\\nFranklin was in Philadelphia by the meeting of 13 May\\nand on 24 June attended the Grand Lodge of Masons, of\\nwhich he was Deputy Grand Master, held in their new Lodge,\\nfrom which the body proceeded to Christ Church, where the\\nRev. William Smith, who had been a Mason before he came to\\nAmerica, preached a Sermon,^ entitled An earnest Exhortation\\nto Religion, Brotherly Love and public Spirit, in the present\\nDangerous State of Affairs which forms the second of his\\npublished Discourses, the text of which is. Love the Brother-\\nhood fear God honor the King. In this the young Provost\\nearnestly pleaded for a proper resistance to the enemy and\\ndefence of one s home, and struck the key note of those who\\nblamed the Quakers in the Assembly who scrupled to defend\\nthe Province by armed resources\\nThe doctrine of Non resistance, is now sufficiently\\nexploded and may it be for ever treated with that sovereign Contempt,\\nwhich it deserves among a wise and virtuous people. God gave us Free-\\ndom as our Birthright, and in his own government of the world he never\\nviolates that Freedom, nor can those be his Vicegerents who do. To say\\nthey are, is blaspheming his holy name, and giving the lie to his righteous\\nauthority. The Love of Mankind and the Fear of God, those very prin-\\nciples from which we trace the divine original of just government, would\\nlead us, by all probable means, to resist every tryant to destruction, who\\nshould attempt to enslave the free-born Soul, and oppose the righteous will\\nof God, by defeating the happiness of Man Suffer me now to\\napply what has been said, by earnestly charging every one of this audience\\nto a conscientious observance of these duties for if there ever was a\\npeople, in a more peculiar manner, called to observe them, we who inhabit\\nthese colonies are that people. Being yet in our infancy, and surrounded\\n2 Forty years will this day have finished the long period, since I first\\naddressed from this pulpit, a grand Communication of Brethren, with our great fel-\\nlow-laborer, the venerable Franklin, at their head. Dr. Smith s Sermon in St.\\nPeter s Church, 24 June, 1795. Works, ii. 74. But Dr. Smith overlooked, at this\\nlong interval, the fact that the early sermon was in Christ Church. Works, ii. 27.\\nSt. Peter s Church was not then existing.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "224 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwith restless enemies, our Strength, our Success, and our future glory,\\ndepend upon our trust in God, our love and unanimity among ourselves,\\nand obedience to that one thing, which is necessary to collect our scattered\\nrays, and pour them, with impressive force, upon the heads of our\\nproud foes. Shall we, whose souls have been taught to exult at\\nthe sacred sound of liberty, not be roused, animated, and enflamed, by\\nour present danger, to secure a treasure which includes in it almost every\\nhuman felicity? Things of inferior concern maybe adjusted at another\\nseason; and those who pretend to the greatest public spirit, should be the\\nfirst to give a proof of it, by turning their attention to the main chance, at\\na juncture when our strength and success so evidently depend on unanim-\\nity and immediate action. Is this is a time for dissensions about matters\\nof trivial moment, when the very vitals of Liberty are attacked, which,\\nonce gone, may never be recovered Is this a time to decline toils or\\ndangers, or expence, when all lies at stake, for which a wise man would\\nchoose to live, or dare to die\\nSo impressive was this Discourse and so timely its senti-\\nments that the young preacher not yet thirty years of age,,\\nwhose pulpit power was now further established in the com-\\nmunity, was requested to give a copy of it for the press.\\nXXX.\\nBraddock was then within a fortnight of his defeat and\\ndeath. But of the confidence felt in the community generally\\nin his success Franklin mentions an incident showing their faith\\nin it of the two doctors Bond, his fellow trustees.\\nBefore we had the news of this defeat, the two doctors Bond came to\\nme with a subscription paper for raising money to defray the expense of a\\ngrand firework, which it was intended to exhibit at a rejoicing on receiving\\nthe news of our taking Fort Duquesne. I looked grave, and said, it\\nwould, I thought, be time enough to prepare the rejoicing when we knew\\nwe should have occasion to rejoice. They seemed surprised that I did not\\nimmediately comply with their proposal. Why the d 1 said one of\\nthem you surely don t suppose that the fort will not be taken.? I\\ndon t know that it will not be taken but I know that the events of war", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennyslvania. 225\\nare subject to great uncertainty. I gave them the reasons of my doubt-\\ning the subscription was dropt, and the projectors thereby missed the\\nmortification they would have undergone, if the firework had been pre-\\npared. Dr Bond, on some other occasion afterward, said, that he did not\\nhke Franklin s forebodings.\\nThose April days passed in Braddock s society at Frederic-\\ntown had not given FrankHn confidence in the general s ability\\nto succeed in such untried warfare. When Braddock was detail-\\ning to him his confident plans by which Fort Duquesne would\\neasily be taken, and fi-om thence to Niagara for its capture, and\\nthence to Frontenac if the season will allow time, and I sup-\\npose it will, for Duquesne can hardly detain me above three or\\nfour days, and then I see nothing that can obstruct my march\\nto Niagara.\\nBut Franklin ventured only to say. To be sure, sir, if you arrive\\nwell before Duquesne, with these fine troops, so well provided with artil-\\nlery, that place not yet compleatly fortified, and as we hear with no very\\nstrong garrison, can probably make but a short resistance. The only\\ndanger I apprehend of obstruction to your march is from ambuscades of\\nIndians, who, by constant practice, are dexterous in laying and executing\\nthem and the slender line, near four miles long, which your army must\\nmake, may expose it to be cut like a thread into several pieces, which,\\nfrom their distance, cannot come up in time to support each other. He\\nsmiled at my ignorance, and reply d. These savages, may, indeed, be a\\nformidable enemy to your raw American militia, but upon the King s\\nregular and disciplined troops, sir, it is impossible they should make any\\nimpression. I was conscious of an impropriety in my disputing with a\\nmilitary man in matters of his profession, and said no more.\\nBut Braddock s boast was remembered to the discourage-\\nment of Dr Bond s proposed firework.\\nThis serious reverse to the British arms brought renewed\\ndangers to the frontiers the proprietaires, yet unwilling to suffer\\ntaxation on their lands, now thoroughly alarmed, added five\\nthousand pounds of their money to whatever sum might be\\ngiven by the Assembly for such purpose whereupon the\\nAssembly passed a new bill with a clause exempting from taxa-\\ntion their estates, and voted sixty thousand pounds, chiefly for\\nBigelow, i. 263. Bigelow, i. 258.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "226 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthe defence of the province, which was to be disposed of by-\\nseven commissioners, Benjamin Frankhn, Isaac Norris, James\\nHamilton, John Mifflin, Joseph Fox, Evan Morgan and John\\nHughes. Frankhn says\\nI had been active in modelling the bill and procuring its passage,\\nand had, at the same time, drawn a bill for establishing and disciplining a\\nvoluntary militia, which I carried thro the House without much difficulty,\\nas care was taken in it to leave the Quakers at their liberty.\\nWhile the several companies in the city and country were forming, and\\nlearning their exercise, the governor prevail d with me to take charge of\\nour North Western frontier, which was infested by the enemy, and provide\\nfor the defense of the inhabitants by raising troops and building a line of\\nforts. I undertook this military business, tho I did not conceive myself\\nwell qualified for it. I had but little difficulty in raising men,\\nhaving soon five hundred and sixty under my command. The\\nIndians had burned Gnadenhut, a village settled by the Moravians, and\\nmassacred the inhabitants. In order to march thither, I assem-\\nbled the companies at Bethlehem, the chief establishment of those people.\\nHe with Hamilton and Fox left Philadelphia on i8 Decem-\\nber for the Frontiers in order to settle Matters for the\\nDefence of the Province. On 15 January, 1756 he writes to his\\nwife\\nI hope in a fortnight or three weeks, God willing, to see the intended\\nline of forts finished, and then I shall make a trip to Philadelphia, and\\nsend away the lottery tickets, and pay off the prizes, though you may pay\\nsuch as come to hand of those sold in Philadelphia of my signing.\\nThis reference was to the second class of the Academy\\nLottery, the drawings for which had been made on 25 December,\\nthe first class drawings having been on 28 August. On his\\nreturn to Philadelphia, early in February, he was commissioned\\nColonel, William Masters Lieutenant Colonel, and John Ross\\nMajor of the Philadelphia Regiment* He writes to his sister\\non 1 2 February,^\\nI am just returned from my military expedition, and now my time is\\ntaken up in the Assembly. Providence seems to require various duties of\\nme. I know not what will be next, but I find, the more I seek for leisure\\nand retirement from business, the more I am engaged in it.\\nPennsylvania Gazette, i8 December, 1755.\\nIbid, 19 February, 1756. Bigelow, ii. 455.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 227\\nIn the month following he visits Virginia with Col. Hunter his\\nassociate postmaster general, from whence he did not return\\nhome until early in June. His attendance at the meeting of the\\nTrustees this month was his first for the year. He was immedi-\\nately afterwards in New York. And in November he was again\\ndrawn North by the restlessness of the Indians, with whom a\\nconference was held at Easton beginning on the 8th, when he\\nand Fox and Masters, and Hughes, were delegates from the\\nAssembly, and Dr. Peters and William Logan from the Council.\\nHis many absences of late brought some inconvenience to\\nthe Trustees, and at the meeting of 1 1 May, 1756, while he was in\\nVirginia, the annual election recurring afforded the opportunity\\nfor electing Dr. Peters President for the ensuing year. Besides the\\nJune meeting, he attended those in September and December,\\nand that of ii January, 1757, but on 4 April following he set\\nout on his first mission to England as representative of the\\nAssembly and his immediate counsels were from that time lost\\nto his fellow Trustees.\\nAt the time of Dr. Peters succession to the Presidency a\\nminute was adopted\\nas the Trustees apprehended that in Case of the Absence or Indisposition\\nof their President they were not authorised to meet on Special Occasions,\\nhow much soever the Nature of the Case might require their immediate\\nAttention, it was Resolved that in Case of the absence or Sickness of the\\nPresident, the Senior Trustee shall be vested with all the powers of a\\nPresident by Virtue of which he is to call special meetings and preside in\\nthem\\nwhich action freed them from the difficulties often arising\\nin Franklin s absence.\\nWhen FrankHn s mission of 1757 was initiated the words\\nof the Assembly s resolution of 28 January were that a\\nCommittee be appointed to go Home to England on behalf\\nof the People of this Province to solicit a Removal of the\\nGrievances we labour under by Reason of Proprietary In-\\nstructions, and when Isaac Norris the Speaker and Benjamin\\nFrankHn were next day requested to go, it was still to go\\nHome to England. The light of later days dims to our sight", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "228 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthe appealing force of those words we find in the votes of As-\\nsembly, which the people employed to express their hope that\\nredress would be found at Home in England. The Revolu-\\ntionary War, which culminated a score of years later over-\\nshadows to us the stirring politics and the Indian Warfare which\\nlay in a long series of years behind that but upon a study of those\\ntimes we must reach some realization of the stir and commotion,\\nthe fears and anxieties of those earlier years in which ourforefathers\\nwere being schooled for greater things. The College and\\nAcademy furnished from its Trustees men who joined in all the\\nissues of the time, and no meeting could convene in the interests\\nof their young institution without some of them exchanging sen-\\ntiments on the events of the day. Among the Trustees all\\nshades of political opinion and religious thought were repre-\\nsented, and the politics of those days were as sharply defined\\nand as penetrating as any we ourselves are participants in but\\nwe cannot to-day measure the happy influences which must\\nhave flowed from these meetings, the common interests on behalf\\nof the Academy must have smoothed away the asperities of the\\nAssembly or the Press, at the least for the time being, and\\nfriendships were maintained and continued which otherwise\\nmight have been severed. But the growing public concerns in\\nwhich Franklin became involved by his own aptitude and the\\nselection of either Assembly or Governor, was now telling on\\nhis attendance at the College and Academy and the meetings of\\nits trustees and finally his long absences abroad made a com-\\nplete severance, and the way was soon open for the uncharity of\\npolitics to lessen his influence and mar his plans in the great\\nwork of a firm and sound educational institution which was second\\nin his affections to no other of his creations.\\nIt was in the same light, that a few years later the Vestry of Christ Church\\nat a meeting held 4 December, 1760, voted an address to the Society for the Propa-\\ngation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, of thanks for the Society s compliance with\\ntheir request of the previous year in the disposition of the Jauncey bequest, by\\ndirecting Cliuch Warden Harrison to draw a fair copy and send it hoi/te.^^", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 229\\nXXXI.\\nMeanwhile the work of the College proceeded amid all the\\nclash of arms and wrangle of politics and the young men were\\nbeing fitted for their stations in life by the faculty the young\\nProvost with his happy facility of devising pleasant exercises for\\nthe pupils and encouraging them by bringing them skillfully to\\nthe notice of the community, early arranged for one of the pub-\\nlic exercises in which his management was so successful. Noth-\\ning could be more helpful to them as well as to the institution in\\nfurthering the interests of all than these efforts of Mr. Smith.\\nSix months had not elapsed before he planned his first public\\nexhibition of their oratorical powers, and the Pennsylvania\\nGazette of 14 November, 1754, affords us aigraphic account of the\\nentertainment in Our Academy which was of a novel character\\nfor the quiet city of Philadelphia, but full of great promise to\\nall who had any interest in the furtherance of the cause of\\neducation in the Province.\\nLast Tuesday the Students in Philosophy which compose the higher\\nclass in our Academy delivered a Series of publick Exercises before the\\nTrustees. As their Exercises were the first of the Kind in our young\\nSeminary, they drew together a large Audience of Ladies and Gentlemen,\\nparticularly his Honour our Lieutenant Governor his Excellency John\\nTinker, Esq., Governor of Providence the Honourable James Hamilton,\\nEsq. our late Governor, with several other Persons of Distinction.\\nThe exercises were ushered in with a Prologue, which (excepting the\\nLines marked with the inverted Comma) was written by the ingenious\\nyoung Author who spoke it. The marked lines were added or altered by\\nthe Hand that wrote the Epilogue, and digested the Whole. After the\\nPrologue, the Exercises were as follows\\n1st On the Advantages of Education in General.\\n2nd An Enquiry into the several Branches of Education, in order to\\nascertain the just Importance or Moment of each.\\n3d. An Address to the Trustees of the Academy, and to his Honour\\nthe Lieutenant Governor, c\\n4th On Logick\\n5th On Method\\n6th On Moral Philosophy\\n7th A Hymn to Philosophy", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "230 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe whole concluded with an Occasional Epilogue spoken by Master\\nBilly Haniiltott. As he is a child under Nine years of age, and spoke\\nit with a great deal of Humour and Propriety, it gave inexpressible Satis-\\nfaction to the Audience.\\nThe Prologue and Epilogue are subjoined and the Exercises will be\\npublished in our future Papers, by particular desire, as they form a regular\\nTreatise on the Sciences.\\nIn the Prologue which was spoken by young Duche,\\noccur his Hnes. addressing the Trusrees\\nYou who in polish d Arts and Merits Shine\\nThe Kind protectors of the Sacred Nine,\\nWhose Patriot Toils, your country s Pride and Grace,\\nBuild up her Fame on Virtue s lasting Base\\nTo you our first Essays in Prose belong,\\nBe you the Patrons of our early Song. 1\\nMaster Billy Hamilton, who spoke the Epilogue with a\\ngreat deal of Humor and Propriety, became the graduate of\\n1762, and is principally known to us as the builder of Wood-\\nlands Mansion, but his political attitude in the Revolution did\\nnot afford his fellow citizens any inexpressible satisfaction.\\nWe have seen that at the meeting of 30 June, 1755, the\\nTrustees proposed to visit Mr. Smith s school and inform\\nthemselves particularly in the Branches he taught and the\\nproficiency of his pupils, the result being full satisfaction to\\nthem and bringing to a conclusion at their meeting following\\nthe question of his salary. And to afford a more public exhibit\\nof his work and display the success of his pupils, he planned a\\nprogramme for the 22 July, in which many of them could\\nshow to their parents and friends the high mark they had\\nreached in learning and composition. A notice of this can best\\nbe told in the words of the Pennsylvania Gazette of 31 July,\\nwhich doubtless were contributed in the language of the Provost,\\nwhose Hand digested the whole, as in the Exercises of the\\nprevious November, and whose communications for the public\\neye were the composition of a master in this art.\\nWe hear that Philosophical Discourses, on the following Subjects,\\n1 A MS copy of this performance in Mr. Smith s handwriting is among the\\nPenn Papers on file with the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 231\\nwere delivered in the College aitd Academy Hall on Tuesday the Twenty\\nSecond Instant by several of the Students greatly to the Satisfactioti of a\\nnumerous and Polite Audience, viz\\nMoral\\n1. On the Stipreme Good, by John Hall\\n2. Oji Temperance, by James Latta\\nMiscellaneous and Political\\n3. On the Uses and Pleasures of Imagination, by Francis Hopkinson\\n4. On the Distribution of Power and different Forms of Governmettt, by\\nWilliam Masters\\n5. On the Necessity of human Force to the Support of human Government,\\nby Israel Martin\\n6. On the Question Whether a State of Nature (so-called) be a State of\\nWar By three Speakers in the Forensic Manner, viz: Samuel\\nMagaw, Hugh Williamson and Jacob Duche.\\nThe fifth and sixth subjects were clearly Political, and\\nbore on questions which were then uppermost in the minds of\\nthe community, and in which the Provost s interest and activities\\nwere second to none of his fellow citizens.\\nThe Trustees had at their meeting of 30 June, 1755 author-\\nized an expenditure of \u00c2\u00a3\\\\\\\\Z- concerning the Alterations neces-\\nsary to be made in the Hall, which embraced\\na Gallery along three sides of the Hall finished like those of Mr, Ten-\\nnent s Building,^ the Fronts painted, and under side of the Joice plaister d\\nwithout any Pews made a Platform for accommodating the\\nTrustees, the Masters, Candidates for Degrees, and Strangers of Distinc-\\ntion on publick occasions,\\nand other items of lesser dignity; thus preparing fitting accom-\\nmodations for pupils, masters, and visitors on all special occa-\\nsions, so that this commodious building so happily secured in\\nthe outset of the enterprise was gradually being made fit for all\\nits employments both regular and occasional.\\nThe Second Presbyterian Church.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "232 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXXXII.\\nTwo names now first appear on the roll of tutors, those of\\nHugh Williamson and James Latta, who were both members of\\nthe first graduating class, both becoming eminent in their call-\\nings, the former in particular, attaining celebrity in Mathematics\\nand Medicine and also as a Politician, and becoming one of the\\nFaculty as Professor of Mathematics when he was twenty-six\\nyears of age. At the meeting of 9 December, 1755, Franklin\\nin the chair the first recorded since that of 1 1 July, it was\\nordered that Hugh Williamson and James Latta, who have alternately sup-\\nplied the Place of one Usher in the Latin School from the 13th of June\\nuntil the ist of November, be paid after the rate of sixty pounds per\\nannum for their Attendance during the above Term, and that their future\\nSalaries be ascertained at the next meeting of the Trustees.\\nAction on this was not reached until 10 Februar} follow-\\ning, when the following Minute appears\\nHugh Williamson the present Writing Master and James Latta Tutor in\\nthe Latin School are ordered each the sum of Fifty Pounds as their stated\\nannual Salaries.\\nWe shall desire to know somewhat more both of Williamson\\nand Latta in the course of our narrative.\\nThe Provost attends the meeting of Trustees on 13 April,\\n1756, there being a goodly number present, namely, Mess.\\nAllen, Peters, Turner, Cadwalader, Shippen, Mifflin, Strettell,\\nMasters, Maddox, Coleman, Stedman, Leech, and Inglis, Frank-\\nlin being then absent on Post Office duty in Virginia and he\\nsketched out to them a more equitable division of the faculty\\nwork which was assented to. The minute tells its own story\\nMr. Smith represented to the Trustees, that the number of Classes\\nwhich study Philosophy being now increased to three and likely always to\\ncontinue at that Number, it would be no longer possible for him with what\\nAssistance Mr. Grew can spare from his present Business to carry on the\\nproposed Scheme of liberal Education, unless some further Assistance was\\ngranted.\\nIt was therefore agreed that in the present Situation of the Funds", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 233\\nthe only possible Method of doing Justice to the Situation without any\\naddition to the present Number of Teachers, is as follows\\nThat Mr. Alison be appointed a Professor of the Higher Classics,\\nLogic, Metaphysicks and Geography and that he teach any of the other\\nArts and Sciences that he may judge himself qualified to teach, as the\\nCircumstances of the Philosophy Schools may require but if it so happen\\nthat Mr. Smith can spare time from his Imployment in the other Branches\\nof Literature to teach any of these Branches, then and in that case Mr.\\nAlison shall employ the overplus of his Time, as usual in the Grammar\\nSchool in the capacity of Chief Master.\\nThat Mr. Jackson be appointed a Professor of the Languages to\\nemploy his Time in the Grammar School and to have the Care of all the\\nLatin and Greek Classes that are not under Mr. Alison s more immediate\\nCare while he is employed in the Philosophy School. And in consideration\\nof Mr. Jackson s being appointed a Professor, and having declined an\\nadvantageous Offer made him by the Overseers of the Quaker School it is\\nagreed to augment his Salary to the sum of One Hundred and Fifty Pounds\\nper annum, commencing from the Time the said offer was made him, viz\\nin September, 1755.\\nThat whenever Mr Kinnersley is supply d with an Assistant agreeable\\nto a late order of the Trustees, Mr Williamson shall spend the Whole of\\nhis Time in the Latin School to supply Mr Alison s Place, while employed\\nin the upper Schools.\\nThe Provost, with his ready thought, suggested at this\\nmeeting the early preparation of a Seal for the use of the Cor-\\nporation. And it was agreed\\nThat Mr Smith prepare a public Seal for the CoUedge with a proper\\nDevice and Motto and get the same speedily engraved on Silver.\\nWe find by Mr. Coleman s cash account, under date of 1 1\\nJuly following, that he pd. James Turner, Engraver, for a Seal\\nwith device, c. ;;^i8. I9.9(i\\nA few days later we hear of another of Mr. Smith s pleasant\\nplans for bringing the pupils of the Academy to the notice of the\\ncommunity.\\nTo-morrow, at Ten o clock, in the Forenoon, the public Examination\\nof Candidates for Degrees in the College of Philadelphia, will be begun,\\nand continued that Day and part of the Day following. The Company of\\nsuch of the Inhabitants of this City as please to attend, will be very agree-\\nable. 1\\n1 Pennsylvania Gazette, 29 April, 1756.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "234 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXXXIII.\\nWe come now to the Provost s formula or scheme for a\\ncomplete curriculum, which must be our guide in estimating in\\nthe coming years his system of education in the College, which\\nwas unequalled in any institution in this new Western country\\nfor its comprehensiveness and thoroughness. We first receive\\nknowledge of it at this meeting in April, 1756, when it was\\nAgreed that a Scheme of liberal Education offered by the Faculty for the\\nApprobation of the Trustees be tried for the space of three Years from\\nthis Date and that Mr Smith publish the Same in Order to obtain the Sen-\\ntiments of Persons of Learning and Experience concerning it.\\nIt first saw publication in the Pennsylvania Ga::ette of 12\\nAugust, 1756. The Trustees were conservatively inclined, and\\nbefore committing themselves to adopting for all time the cur-\\nriculum proposed, sought for it publicity in order to draw upon it\\nthe criticisms, or to speak more courteously, the Sentiments of\\nthe Learned and Experienced. The substantial continuance of\\nits employment through Provost Smith s career proved its excel-\\nlence and its adaptability to the wants of the College and we\\nmust read it here in its entirety to judge of its great merits.\\nThe source of this excellent formula may be found in\\nthe curriculum at King s College, Aberdeen, where William\\nSmith had been trained a decade before. While there may be\\namendments to it, induced by local circumstances and drawn\\nfrom his own rare ingenuity, it may be said to be substantially\\nframed on that course, to which he had an attachment, and\\nof which he had doubtless proved its great merits. But whence\\never its origin or conception, it is the first complete curriculum\\nfor a college training which the American colonies had yet\\nwitnessed or recognized, and will stand for all time as the fore-\\nrunner in all advanced education on these shores.\\nFor the Historical Account and Present State of the\\nUniversity and King s College of Aberdeen and the Maris-\\nchal College and University of Aberdeen, to the close of the\\nlast century, including their courses of study, we refer to", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 235\\nThorn s History of Aberdeen} Quoting from the Appendix\\ncontaining the account of King s College, it is said\\nIn the year 1753 the whole plan of discipline and education in King s\\nCollege was brought under review for the purpose of improvement. A\\ngreat number of statutes relative to these objects, since known by the name\\nof The New Regulations, were enacted by the College, and submitted\\nto the examination of the public. In framing these regulations, the cele-\\nbrated Dr. Reid s opinion and views respecting education, are supposed in\\ngeneral to have prevailed. That less time than usual should be\\nspent in the logic and metaphysics of the schools, and a great part of the\\nsecond year be employed in acquiring the elements of natural history in all\\nits branches that the professor of Greek and humanity should open\\nclasses for the more advanced students during the three last years of their\\ncourse that a museum of natural history should be fitted up and furnished\\nwith specimens for the instruction of the students, and that a collection of\\ninstruments and machines relative to natural philosophy, and a chemical\\nlaboratory for exhibiting experiments in that science, should be provided\\nwith all convenient speed. For some years the good effects of these regu-\\nlations seemed very flattering, and the masters thought they might con-\\ngratulate themselves upon having under their care a set of the most regular\\nand diligent students to be found anywhere in the King s dominions,\\n(printed memorial to Lord Findlater, chancellor, relative to the union,\\n1755)-\\nIt will be recalled^ that Mr. Smith was in Aberdeen at the\\nclose of 1753, having proceeded immediately after his ordina-\\ntion in London Northwards to visit his honored father, and\\nwhere he preached his maiden sermon in the kirk in which he\\nwas baptised. And he may then have procured a copy of The\\nNew Regulations which became useful to him in his per-\\nformance of 1756.\\nThis proposed scheme,^ is in the form of Views of the\\nLatin and Greek Schools and of the Philosophy School, arid\\nwas subscribed by the Faculty of masters.\\n1 By Walter Thorn, 2 vols. Aberdeen, 1811. With Appendices I and II.\\nSmith, i. 39.\\n3 It was not until Dr. Smith established at the College of Philadelphia, in\\n1756, the first graded course of studies of a higher kind ever pursued in an American\\nCollege, that a young man here had an opportunity of laying broad and deep the foun-\\ndations of a liberal culture, such as he would have enjoyed had he gone abroad for\\nthat purpose. Provost Stille in his Life and Times of john Dickinson, p. 15.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "236 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nA View of the Latin and Greek Schools.\\n1st Stage. Grammar. Vocabulary. Sententise Pueriles. Cordery, ^^sop.\\nErasmus.\\nN. B. To be exact in declining and conjugating. To begin to\\nwrite Exercises, for the better understanding of Syntax. Writing and\\nReading of English to be continued if necessary.\\n2nd Stage. Selecta; e veteri Testament\u00c2\u00a9. Selectae e profanis Authoribus.\\nEutropius. Nessos. Metaphorphosis. Latin Exercises and Writing\\ncontinued.\\n3rd Stage. Metamorphosis continued. Virgil with Prosody. Caesar s\\nComment. Sallust. Greek Grammar. Greek Testament. Elements\\nof Geography and Chronology. Exercises in Writing continued.\\n4th Stage. Horace. Terence. Virgil reviewed. Livy. Lucian. Xeno-\\nphon or Homer begun.\\nN. B. This Year to make Themes; write Letters; give Descrip-\\ntions and Characters. To turn Latin into English, with great Regard\\nto Punctuation and choice of Words. Some English and Latin Ora-\\ntions to be delivered, with proper Grace both of Elocution and Gesture.\\nArithmetic begun.\\nProbably some youths will go thro these Stages in three years, many\\nwill require four years, and many more may require five years, especially if\\nthey begin under nine or ten years of age. The masters must exercise\\ntheir best discretion in this respect.\\nThose who can acquit themselves to satisfaction in the books laid\\ndown for the fourth stage, after public examination, are to proceed to the\\nstudy of the sciences, and to be admitted into the College as Freshmen,\\nwith the privilege of being distinguished with an undergraduate s gown.\\nThe method of study to be prosecuted in the College for the term of three\\nyears, follows in one general view:\\nView of the Philosophy Schools,\\np orenoon\\nInstrumental Philosophy\\nLecture I Lecture H\\nLat. Engl. Exercises Arithmetic reviewed\\ncontinu d\\nFirst Year\\nFreshmen May 15\\nFirst Term\\nThree Months\\nSecond Term\\nThree Months\\nJanuary\\nThird Term\\nFour Months\\nLogic with Metaphysics\\nDecimal Arithmetic\\nAlgebra\\nFractions and Extract. Roots\\nEquations simple and\\nquadratic\\nEuclid {Stone) Six Books\\nEuclid a Second Time\\nLogarithmical Arithmetic", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\n237\\nRemarks.\\nSecond Year\\nJuniors, May 15\\nFirst Term\\nThree Months\\nSecond Term\\nThree Months\\nJanuary\\nThird Term\\nFour Months\\nThird Year\\nSeniors May 1 5\\nFirst Term\\nThree Months\\nSeco7id Term\\nThree Months\\nJanuary\\nThird Term\\nFour Months\\nN. B. At leisure hours\\nDisputation begun.\\nDuncan s Logic as a\\nClassic to be sup-\\nplied by Le Clerc, or\\nC r u s a z on Syllo-\\ngisms.\\nLogic, c reviewed\\nSurveying and Dialling\\nNavigation\\nConic Sections\\nFluxions\\nMoral Philosophy\\nbegun,\\nvis: Fordyce s compend.\\nSystem\\nN. B. Disputation con-\\ntinu d. Fordyce well\\nunderstood will be an\\nexcellent Introduction\\nto the larger Ethic\\nWriters\\nHutcheson s Ethics.\\nBurlamequi on Natural\\nLaw\\nIntroduction to Civil His-\\ntory.\\nto Laws and Gov-\\nernment\\nto Trade and Com-\\nmerce\\nReview of the Whole\\nExaminat. for Degree of\\nB. A.\\nN. B. On Construction of\\nLogarithms, use Wilson s\\nTrigonometry, and Sher-\\nwin s compleat Tables by\\nGardiner.\\nPlain Spherical Trigo-\\nnometry\\nEuclid nth Book\\n1 2th Ditto\\nArchitecture with Fortificat.\\nNat. Philosophy, begun\\nvis: Rowning s Propert. of\\nBody\\nMechanic Powers\\nHydrostatics\\nPneumatics.\\nN. B. Declamation con-\\ntinued. Rowning a\\ngeneral System may be\\nsupplied by the larger\\nWorks in the last Column,\\nrecommended for private\\nStudy\\nRowning on Light and\\nColours\\nOptics\\nPerspective, Jesuits\\nAstronomy, KeiV s\\nNatural History of Vege-\\ntables\\nof Animals\\nChemistry, Shaiv s ^o x-\\nhaave\\nof Fossils\\nof Agriculture:", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "238 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nFirst Year\\nFreshman, May 1 5\\nMrst Term\\nThree Months\\nSecond Term\\nThree Months\\nJanuary\\nThird Term\\nFour Months\\nSecond Year\\nJuniors May 15\\nFirst Term\\nThree Months\\nSecond Term\\nThree Months\\nN. B. Altho it is tho t\\nnecessary to fix some\\nClassics as a Text to\\nread the Lectures by,\\nyet there must be a\\nLiberty of changing\\nthem left when needful\\nAfternoon\\nClassical and Rhetoric\\nStudies\\nLecture III\\nHomer s Iliad\\nJuvenal\\nPindar\\nCicero, Select Parts\\nLivy resumed\\nThucydides, or\\nEuripides\\nWells s Dionysius\\nA^. B. Some Afternoons\\nto be Spared for\\nDeclamation this year\\nRhetoric from Preceptor\\nLonginus critically\\nHorace s Art\\ncritically\\nAristot. Poet, critically.\\nQuintilian, Select Parts.\\nN. B. Thro all the years\\nthe French Language\\nmay be Studied at\\nleisure Hours.\\nPrivate Hours\\nMiscellaiieotis Studies\\nFor improv. the various\\nBrajiches\\nSpectators, Ramblers,\\nand monthly Maga-\\nzines, for the Improve-\\nment of Style and\\nKnowledge of Life.\\nBarrow s Lectures, Par-\\ndie s Geometry, Mac\\nlaurin s Algebra,\\nWard s Mathematics,\\nKeir s Trigonometry.\\nWatts s Logic, and Sup-\\nplement, Locke on\\nHuman Understand-\\ning, Hutcheson s\\nMetaphysics, V a r e\\nnius s Geography,\\nWatts s Ontology and\\nEssays, Kingde Origine\\nMali with Law s Notes.\\nV o s s i u s Bossu, Pere\\nBohours, D r y d e n s\\nEssays and Prefaces,\\nSpence on Pope s\\nOdyssey, Trapp s\\nProelect. Poet. Diony-\\nsius Halicarn, Deme-\\nof Poetry trius Phalereus, Stradas\\nProlusiones, Patoun s\\nNavigation, Gregory s\\nGeometry, Bisset on\\nFortification, Simp-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 239\\nJanuary\\nThird Term\\nFour Months\\nRemarks\\nThird Year\\nSeniors May 15\\nFirst Term\\nThree Months.\\nSecond Term,\\nThree Months\\nJanuary\\nThird Term\\nFour Months\\nComposition begun,\\nviz: Cicero pro Milone\\nDemosthenes pro Ctesi-\\nphon.\\nN. B. During the Appli-\\ncation of the Rules to\\nthese famous Orations,\\nimitations of them are\\nto be attempted on the\\nModels of perfect Elo-\\nquence\\nEpicteti Enchiridion\\nCicero de officiis\\nTusculan Ousest.\\nMemorabilia Xenoph.\\nGreek\\nPatavii Rationar Tempo-\\nrum.\\nPlato de Legibus\\nGrotius de Jure B. P.\\nAfternoons of the 3d\\nTerm, for Composition\\nand Declamation on\\nMoral and Physical\\nSubjects, Philosophy\\nActs held.\\nson s Conic Sections,\\nMaclaurin s and Em-\\nerson s Fluxions, Pal-\\nladia by Ware.\\nHelsham s Lectures,\\nGravesande, Cote s\\nHydrostatics, Desagu-\\nliers, Muschenbrock,\\nKeil s Introduction,\\nMartin s Philosophy,\\nSir Isaac Newton s\\nPhilosophy, Maclau-\\nrin s View of Ditto,\\nRohault per Clarke\\nPuffendorf by Barbeyrac,\\nCumberland de Leg\\nSelden de Jure, Spirit\\nof Laws, Sidney, Har-\\nrington, Seneca,\\nHutcheson s Works,\\nLocke on Government,\\nHooker s Polity, Scali-\\nger de Emendatione\\nTemporum, Compends\\nin Preceptor Le Clerc s\\nCompend of History.\\nGregory s Astronomy,\\nFortescue on Laws, N.\\nBacon s Discourses,\\nMy lord Bacon s\\nWorks, Locke on\\nCivic-Davenant, Gee s\\nCompend. Ray. Der-\\nham, Spectacle de la\\nNature; Rondoletius,\\nReligious Philosopher.\\nHoly Bible to be read\\ndaily from the Begin-\\nning, and now to sup-\\nply the Deficiencies of\\nthe Whole.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "240 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nTo this early publication of the plan,\\nby a bare suggestion of which, any Parent may know what Progress his\\nson makes, and what is his standing, as well as what Books to provide,\\nfrom Time to Time,^\\nthe Provost added the following remarks elucidating it and\\nshowing its merits he must speak for himself, and to abbreviate\\nit would mar the force of his statement\\nLife itself being too short to obtain a perfect acquaintance with the\\nwhole circle of the Sczetices, nothing has ever been proposed by any plan\\nof University Education, but to lay such a general foundation in all the\\nbranches of literature, as may enable youth to perfect themselves in those\\nparticular parts, to which their business or genius, may afterwards lead\\nthem. And scarce any thing has more obstructed the advancement of\\nsound learning, than a vain imagination, that a few years, spent at college,\\ncan render youth such absolute Masters of Science, as to absolve them from\\nall future study.\\nAs far as our influence extends, we would wish to propagate a con-\\ntrary docti ine and tho we flatter ourselves that, by a due execution of the\\nforegoing plan, we shall enrich our country with many Minds that are lib-\\nerally accomplished, and send out none that may justly be denominated\\nbarren or unimproved yet we hope that the youth committed to our\\ntuition, will neither at college, nor afterwards, rest satisfied with such a\\ngeneral knowledge, as is to be acquired from the public lectures and exer-\\ncises. We rather trust that those whose taste is once formed for the acqui-\\nsition of solid Wisdofn, will think it their duty and most rational satisfac-\\ntion, to accomplish themselves still farther, by manly perseverance in\\nprivate study and meditation.\\nTo direct them in this respect, the last column contains a judicious\\nchoice of the most excellent writers in the various branches of literature,\\nwhich will be easily understood when once a foundation is laid in the\\nbooks proposed in the plan, under the several lectures. For the books to\\nbe used as Classics, at the lecture hours, will not be found in this last col-\\numn, which is only meant as a private library, to be consulted occasionally\\nin the lectures, for the illustration of any particular part, and to be read\\nafterwards, for com pleating the whole.\\nThe last book in the catalogue is the Holy Bible, without which the\\nstudent s library would be very defective. But tho it stands last, we do\\nnot mean that they are to defer reading it to the last, it being part of our\\ndaily exercise, and recommended from the beginning. We only intimate,\\nby this disposition, that, when human Science has done its utmost, and\\nPennsylvania Gazette, 12 Aug. 1756.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 241\\nwhen we have thought the youth worthy of the honors of the Seminary,\\nyet still we must recommend them to the Scriptures of God, in order to\\ncompleat their Wisdom, to regulate their conduct thro life, and guide them\\nto happiness forever.\\nIn the disposition of the parts of this Scheme, a principal regard has\\nbeen paid to the connexion and subserviency of the Sciences, as well as to\\nthe gradual openings of young minds. Those parts are placed first, which\\nare suited to strengthen the inventive Faculties, and are instriirnental to\\nwhat follows. Those are placed last which require riper judgment, and\\nare more immediately connected with the main business of life.\\nIn the meantime, it is proposed that they shall never drop their\\nacquaintance with the classic sages. They are every day called to con-\\nverse with some one of the ancients, who, at the same time that he\\ncharms with all the beauties of language, is generally illustrating that par-\\nticular branch of philosophy or science, to which the other hours of the\\nday are devoted. Thus, by continually drawing something from the most\\nadmired masters of Sentiment and expression, the taste of youth will be\\ngradually formed, to just Criticism and masterly Composition.\\nFor this reason, Compositiott, in the strict Meaning of the term,\\ncannot be begun at an earlier period than is proposed in the plan. The\\nknowledge of Mathematics is not more necessary, as an introduction to\\nnatural philosophy, than an acquaintance with the best ancient and modern\\nwriters, especially the Critics, is to just Composition.\\nWhoever would build, must have both the art and materials of\\nbuilding and therefore Composition, from one s own stock, is justly\\nplaced after Criticism, which supplies the art, and not before Moral and\\nNatural Philosophy, which enriches the understanding, and furnishes the\\nMaterials or Topics for the Work.\\nThus it is hoped the Student may be led thro a scale of easy ascent,\\ntill finally render d capable of Thinking, Writing and Acting well, which\\nis the grand aim of a liberal education. At the end of every term, there\\nis some time allowed for Recreation, or bringing up slower Geniuses.\\nPerhaps, after all, some who see this plan, may think three years\\ntoo scanty a period for its execution. We would not be tenacious of our\\nopinion but, from an attentive consideration of the business proposed\\nfor each term, we are inclined to think the time will be sufficient for a\\nmiddling genius, with ordinary application. And where both genius and\\napplication are wanting, we conceive no time will be found sufficient.\\nExperience, however, being the best guide in matters of this kind, we\\nonly propose that a fair trial of three years may be made, before anything\\nfarther is determined upon a subject of such high concern.\\nSuch a trial we think due to the present state of our Seminary, as\\nwell as to the public, and the particular circumstances of these colonies.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "242 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwhere very few youth can be detained for a long period at infant unen-\\ndowed colleges, where they must wholly maintain themselves at a consid-\\nerable expence, and where the genius seems not only to be sooner ripe,\\nbut where there is also a more immediate demand, and a more easy settle-\\nment to be obtained, in all the ways of genteel employment, for Young\\nMen of Parts, than there is in European Countries.\\nN. B. The utmost care will be taken for a faithful execution of this\\nplan in all its parts. The time for admitting Freshmen in the youngest\\nphilosophy class is May /j, according to the plan. But those who necessarily\\napply later in the first year will obtain Admission, provided it appears\\nupoft examination that they are sufficiently grounded in the parts laid down\\nin the platt, previous to the date of such their adiftission which facts may\\nalways be known from inspection, together with the proficiency made by the\\nclass which they are to join. The Sentiments of Men of Learning will be\\nthankfully received for perfecting the whole and upon a candid applica-\\ntion to any of the professors, they will endeavor to explain and remove any\\ndifficulties that may occur to any persons concerning it.\\nThe plan was next published in the American Magazine, of\\nwhich Mr, Smith was Editor, in its last number, October, 1758\\nand the year following he included it in the Appendix to his\\nDiscourses on Several Piiblic Occasions during the War ifi\\nAmerica, published in London 1759, with an account of the\\nCollege and Academy, which received a second edition, Lon-\\ndon, 1762, and which was dedicated to the Proprietaries, Thomas\\nPenn and Richard Penn and these were repeated in the edition\\nof his Works published in Philadelphia in 1803. In the Ameri-\\ncan Magazine he supplemented what has already been quoted\\nfrom his pen on the Collegiate course, by an account of the\\nAcademy proper, from which we learn of its conduct and its\\ntuition. This article entire will be found in the Appendix, and\\nthe narrative merits attention.\\nIn the account of the College and Academy in the edition\\nof the Discourses, London, 1759, the foregoing plan is included\\nwith the addition of a short paragraph inserted in the middle of\\nthe first section, namely\\nBesides this rostrum, which is in their private school, there is also\\na large stage or oratory erected in the College hall, where the Speakers\\nappear on all public occasions, before as many of the inhabitants as\\nplease to attend.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 243\\nAnd in a footnote, adds,\\nA number of the students and scholars performed the masque of\\nAlfred by way of Oratorical Exercise, before the Earl of Loudon and the\\nGovernors of the Southern Colonies, in the beginning of the year 1757,\\nwith very much and just applause, and on any occasion a sufficient number\\nof speakers may be selected to perform any good piece of this kind.\\nTo this he further adds in the edition of his Works, Phila-\\ndelphia, 1803\\nThe choice of this performance was owing to the great similarity of\\ncircumstances in the distress in England under the Danish invasion, and\\nthat of the colonies at this time under the ravages and incursions of the\\nIndians. The whole was applied in an occasional prologue and epilogue,\\nand at any time a sufficient number of Speakers may be found to perform\\nany piece of the kind, in a manner that would not be disagreeable to\\npersons of the best taste and judgment.\\nSelections from this Masque, originally written by the\\npious and philosophic Mr Thompson in conjunction with Mr\\nMallet, and in the year 175 i, altered and greatly improved by\\nthe latter, which had been several Times represented during\\nthe Christmas Holidays, in one of the Apartments of the Col-\\nlege, were given a prominent place in numbers of the Pennsyl-\\nvania Gazette in January and February, 1757, where we learn\\nthat young Jacob Duche took the part of Alfred, and Samuel\\nChew that of the Danish King, In this cotemporary account\\nMr Smith prefaces it with the Statement that\\never since the first Foundation of the College and Academy in this city,\\nthe Improvement of the Youth in Oratory and correct Speaking, has\\nalways been considered as an essential Branch of their Education. And\\nthough it be a Branch too much neglected in other Institutions of a like\\nkind, yet its importance is manifest, and nothing could have been better\\ndevised in the Circumstances of this Province, where the true Pronuncia-\\ntion of the English Language might soon be lost without proper care to\\npreserve it in the rising Generation, as we are a Mixture of People from\\nalmost all corners of the world speaking a variety of Languages and\\nDialects.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "244 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXXXIV.\\nWe have just seen in Provost Smith s words that from the\\noutset of the Academy direct attention had been paid to training\\nthe boys in the correct use of their own language. The origi-\\nnators had desired the teaching of the Enghsh tongue gram-\\nmatically, and as a language to be second to no other of the\\nobjects of the school. While the tendency of the day was to\\nelevate the study of the Classics and the Knowledge of the\\nAncients beyond any attention that the pursuit of the Mother\\nlanguage could possibly attract, it was Franklin who strove for\\nits proper maintenance in the Academy he who had studied\\nhis native language in the best English classics knew its wealth\\nand capacity, and how richly it would reward any who studied\\nit diligently what more important, he argued, than the\\nthorough knowledge of one s own language to those who\\ndesigned following in their native country the various pursuits\\nof livelihood. His own experience warranted his belief that in\\nthe English tongue was found the best vehicles for conveying\\nthe thoughts of man to his fellows, as it was his self training in\\nits uses that brought to him that unexcelled employment of its\\nwords and terms which gave to all his writings that surprising\\nforce, indeed eloquence, which commanded the attention of his\\ncotemporaries and affords to us their successors such delightful\\nperusal.\\nWhen in June, 1789, he wrote his Observations, relative to\\nthe intentions of the original fonnders of the Academy in Philadel-\\nphia, he looked backward those forty years and recited how\\ntheir early designs were to make the English School of\\ngreater prominence in this general plan. His paper, well\\nworthy of a perusal in its fullness, is a history of this branch of\\nthe institution which is narrated in language which cannot now\\nbe equaled, and is referred to at this point, to show how atten-\\ntion was early sought to train the pupils in a correct use of\\ntheir Mother tongue in reading, in declamation, and by various\\npublic exercises. When Mr Smith assumed his duties in May^", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 245\\n1754, he found the existence of this practical system with\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0evidences of its good results, and with his own knowledge of\\noratory he gladly carried on these plans, and gave to them his\\nown experience and culture but inasmuch as the influences\\nalready prevailed which placed the English school in a secondary\\nposition, he with his greater taste for the Ancient Classics but\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2confirmed and established more effectually these influences\\nwhich were in later years the subject of Franklin s deprecations\\nand there no longer remained those public exhibitions of display\\nin proficiency in English which the pupils under Mr Dove\\nliad attained to.\\nThese tendencies Franklin termed partialities. But let us\\nhear his own statement\\nThe first instance of partiality, in favor of the Latin part of the\\ninstitution, was in giving the title of Rector to the Latin master, and no\\ntitle to the English one. But the most striking instance was,\\nwhen the votes of a majority carried it to give twice as much salary to the\\nLatin Master as to the English, and yet require twice as much duty from\\nthe English master as from the Latin, viz ^200 to the Latin master to\\nteach twenty boys ^100 to the English master to teach forty. However,\\nthe trustees who voted these salaries being themselves by far the great-\\nest subscribers, though not the most numerous, it was thought they\\nhad a kind of right to predominate in money matters and those who had\\nwished an equal regard might have been shown to both schools, sub-\\nmitted, though not without regret, and at times some little complaining,\\nwhich, with their not being able in some months to find a proper person\\nfor English master, who would undertake the office for so low a salary,\\ninduced the Trustees at length, viz in July, 1750, to offer \u00c2\u00a3^0 more.\\nAnother instance of the partiality above mentioned, was in the March\\npreceding, when ^100. sterling was voted to buy Latin and Greek books,\\nmaps, drafts, and instruments for the use of the Academy, and nothing\\nfor the English books.\\nThe Trustees were most of them the principal gentlemen of the pro-\\nvince. Children taught in other schools had no reason to expect such\\npowerful patronage. The subscribers had placed such entire confidence\\nin them as to leave themselves no power of changing them, if their con-\\nduct of the plan should be disapproved and so, in hopes of the best, all\\nthese partialities were submitted to.\\nNear a year passed before a proper person was found to take charge\\nSparks, ii. 141.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "246 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nof the English school. At length Mr Dove, who had been for many years\\nmaster of a school in England, and had come hither with an apparatus for\\ngiving lectures in experimental philosophy, was prevailed with by me\\nafter his lectures were finished, to accept that employment for the\\nsalary offered, though he thought it too scanty. He had a good voice,\\nread perfectly well, with proper accent and just pronunciation, and\\nhis method of communicating habits of the same kind to his pupils was\\nthis When he gave a lesson to one of them, he always first read it to\\nhim aloud, with all the different modulations of voice, that the subject and\\nsense required These the scholars, in studying and repeating the lessons,\\nnaturally endeavored to imitate and it was really surprising to see how\\nsoon they caught his manner, which convinced me and others who fre-\\nquently attended his school, that, though bad tones and manners in read-\\ning are, when once acquired, rarely, with difficulty, if ever cured, yet,\\nwhen none have been already formed, good ones are as easily learned as\\nbad. In a few weeks after opening his school, the trustees were invited to\\nhear the scholars read and recite. The parents and relations of the boys\\nalso attended. The performances were surprisingly good, and of course\\nwere admired and applauded and the English school thereby acquired\\nsuch reputation, that the number of Mr Dove s scholars soon amounted to\\nupwards of ninety, which number did not diminish as long as he continued\\nmaster, viz upwards of two years but, he finding the salary insufficient,\\nand having set up a school for girls in his own house to supply the defi-\\nciency, and quitting the boys school somewhat before the hour to attend\\nthe girls, the trustees disapproved of his so doing, and he quitted their\\nemployment, continued his girls school, and opened one for boys on his\\nown account. The trustees provided another English master but though\\na good man, yet not possessing the talents of an English schoolmaster in\\nthe same perfection with Mr Dove, the school diminished daily, and soon\\nwas found to have but about forty scholars left. The performances of the\\nboys, in reading and speaking, were no longer so brilliant the trustees of\\ncourse had not the same pleasure in hearing them, and the monthly visita-\\ntions, which had so long afforded a delightful entertainment to large\\naudiences, became less and less attended, and at length discontinued\\nand the English school has never since recovered its original reputation.\\nThus by our injudiciously starving the English part of our scheme of\\neducation, we only saved fifty pounds a year, which was required as an\\nadditional salary to our acknowledged excellent English master, which\\nwould have equalled his encouragement to that of the Latin master I say,\\nby saving the ^50. we lost fifty scholars, which would have been ^200. a\\nyear, and defeated, besides, one great end of the institution.\\nThe Master of the Enghsh School, Mr. Klnnersley, Mr.\\nDove s successor, we have seen was in July 1755 made Pro-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 247\\nfessor of the English Tongue and Oratory; but his want of suc-\\ncess in training the lads discouraged him from inciting public\\nexhibitions of their progress and as Franklin ere long began\\nhis absences from Pennsylvania, the influence of the Latinists,\\nas he calls them, may have chilled any encouragement he sought\\nin the faculty or the Trustees for the fuller development of his\\nschool. On Franklin s return home from his first mission, in\\nNovember, 1762, he found this change in the English School,\\nand at the meeting of 8 February 1763, we find this Minute,\\ndoubtless at his instance\\nThe state of the English School was taken into consideration and it\\nwas observed that Mr Kinnersley s Time was entirely taken up in teaching\\nlittle Boys the Elements of the English Language, and that speaking and\\nrehearsing in Publick were totally disused to the great Prejudice of the\\nother Scholars and Students and contrary to the original Design of the\\nTrustees in the forming of that school, and as this was a matter of great\\nImportance it was particularly recommended to be fully considered by the\\nTrustees at the next meeting.\\nBut consideration of this was not reached until the meeting\\nof 12 April, at which only Messrs. Peters, Coleman, Duche,\\nWhite, Stedman and Redman were present, when the following\\nMinute appears\\nThe State of the English School was again taken into Consideration,\\nand it was the opinion of the Trustees that the original Design should be\\nprosecuted of teaching the Scholars of that and the other Schools the\\nElegance of the English Language, and giving them a proper pronunciation,\\nand that the old Method of hearing them read and repeat in public should\\nbe again used. And Mr. Franklin, Mr Coleman, Mr. Coxe, and Mr\\nDuche were appointed a Committee to confer with Mr Kinnersley how this\\nmight best be done as well as what assistance would be necessary to give\\nMr Kinnersley to enable him to attend this necessary service, which was\\nindeed the proper Business of his Professorship,\\nFranklin s zeal and influence were felt, though his public\\nduties forbad his regular attendance at the Trustees meetings.\\nIn April he left for Virginia where he passed three or four weeks\\nreturning to Philadelphia in time to attend the meeting of the\\nIn quoting this Minute in his Observations Franklin here inserts in parenthesis\\n(this is what it dwindled into, a school similar to those kept by old women, who teach\\nchildren their letters) Sparks, ii. 145.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "248 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nTrustees of 27 May, 1763,. made notable by the adoption of the\\naddresses to the King and to Lord Bute to be transmitted to\\nthe Provost then in England for due presentation as expressive\\nof the thanks of the Trustees to his Majesty for his Protec-\\ntion, Countenance and Bounty to our Institution and to\\nLord Bute in acknowledgment of his goodness to us and\\nearly in June we find him starting on a trip to the Eastern States\\non postofifice service, from which he did not return until early in\\nNovember. This May meeting was the last he attended of the\\nTrustees that year; the coming winter found him engrossed\\nin many concerns; the year 1764 was full of political conten-\\ntions, and in October he was appointed agent for the Province\\nin England, and in November set sail from Philadelphia on his\\nsecond mission.^ But before he sailed he signed on the Minute\\nBook the fundamental Resolve or Declaration made by the\\nTrustees in consequence of the letter brought them by the\\nProvost on his return from England, jointly written them 9 April,\\n1764 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas and Richard\\nPenn and Dr. Samuel Chandler, and entered on the Minutes of\\n14 June 1764, and which will come before us in the due progress\\nof this narrative. At the meeting of 13 June, only Messrs.\\nPeters, Coleman, Redman, Stedman, and Duche present, the\\nfollowing minute appears\\nSome of the parents of the children in the Academy having complained\\nthat their children were not taught to speak and read in publick and having\\nrequested that this useful part of Education might be more attended to, Mr\\nKinnersley was called in and desired to give an account of what was done\\nin this Branch of his Duty, and he declared that this was well taught not\\nonly in the English School which was more immediately under his care,\\nbut in the Philosophy classes regularly every Monday afternoon, and as\\noften at other times as his other Business would permit. And it not appear-\\ning to the Trustees that any more could at present be done without\\npartiality great inconvenience and that this was all that was ever proposed\\nto be done they did not incline to make any alteration, or to lay any\\nBurthen upon Mr Kinnersley.\\nand reached London on the evening of lo December and went immediately\\nto his old lodgings Sparks, vii. 282.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 249\\nUpon this, Franklin says in his Observations\\nThat the English School had not for some years preceding been visited\\nby the Trustees. If it had, they would have known the state of it without\\nmaking this inquiry of the Master. They might have judged, whether the\\nchildren more immediately under his care were in truth well taught, with-\\nout taking his word for it, as it appears they did. But it seems he had a\\nmerit, which when he pleaded it, effectually excused him. He spent his\\ntime when out of the English School in instructing the philosophy classes,\\nwho were of the Latin part of the institution. Therefore they did not\\nthink proper to lay any further burthen upon him. Certainly\\nthe method that had been used might be again used, if the Trustees\\nhad thought fit to order Mr. Kinnersley to attend his own school, and not\\nspend his time in the philosophy classes, where his duty did not require\\nhis attendance. What the apprehended partiality was, which the Minute\\nmentions, does not appear, and cannot easily be imagined and the great\\ninconvenience of obhging him to attend his own school could only be\\ndepriving the Latinists of his assistance, to which they had no right.\\nThe parents, indeed, despairing of any reformation, withdrew their chil-\\ndren, and placed them in private schools, of which several now appeared\\nin the city, professing to teach what had been promised to be taught in the\\nAcademy and they have since flourished and increased by the scholars\\nthe Academy might have had, if it had performed its engagements. Yet\\nthe public was not satisfied and, we find five years after, the English\\nschool appearing again, after five years silence, haunting the Trustees like\\nan evil conscience, and reminding them of their failure in duty.\\nThe minutes of 19 and 26 January, 1768, revive the sub-\\nject, it having been remarked, that the schools suffer in the\\npublic esteem by the discontinuance of public speaking, but\\nonly temporizing measures were sought, by\\nagreeing to give Mr. Jon. Easton and Mr, Thomas Hall, at the rate of\\ntwenty-five pounds per annum each, for assisting Mr. Kinnersley in the\\nEnglish school, and taking care of the same when he shall be employed in\\nteaching the students, in the philosophy classes and grammar school, the\\nart of public speaking. [But] Mr. Easton and Mr. Hall are to be paid out\\nof a fund to be raised by some public performance for the benefit of the\\nCollege.\\nOr as Franklin says\\nCare was however taken by the Trustees not to be at any expense for this\\nSparks, ii. 148. These Observations Relative to the Intentions of the Origi-\\nnal Founders of the Academy in Philadelphia, June, 1789 are not included by Mr.\\nBigelow in his Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "250 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nassistance to Mr. Kinnersley for Hall and Easton were only to be paid\\nout of the uncertain fund of money to be raised by some public perform-\\nance for the benefit of the College.\\nThe year following the Trustees considered whether the\\nEnglish school is to be longer continued, and at a special meet-\\ning on 23 July, Messrs, Hamilton, Willing, Shippen, Coxe, Law-\\nrence, Redman, Peters and Inglis, being present, were\\nunanimously of the opinion that as the said School is far from defraying\\nthe expense at which they now support it, and not thinking that they ought\\nto lay out any great part of the Funds entrusted to them on this Branch of\\nEducation which can so easily be procured at other schools in this city [it\\nwas voted] that from and after the 17th of October next Mr. Kinnersley s\\npresent Salary do cease, and that from that Time, the said School, if he\\nshall be inclined to keep it, shall be on the following terms\\nwhich in brief were that he could continue the school on his\\nown financial responsibility he\\nto have the house he lives in rent free, in consideration of his giving\\ntwo afternoons in the week as heretofore for the instruction of the students\\nbelonging to the College in public speaking.\\nAnd the Trustees expressed the\\nhope this Regulation may be agreeable to Mr. Kinnersley as it proceeds\\nentirely from the Reasons set forth above, and not from any abatement of\\nthat esteem which they have always retained for Him during the whole\\ncourse of his services in College.\\nBut it soon occurred to them that this was involving the exist-\\nence of a branch of the institution the continuance and main-\\ntenance of which they stood obligated to their subscribers and\\nthe community, for at the meeting following, on i August 1769\\nfifteen of the Trustees attending, it was recorded.\\nThe minute of last meeting relative to the English school was read,\\nand after mature deliberation and reconsidering the same, it was voted to\\nstand as it is, provided it should not be found any way repugnant to the\\nfirst charter granted by the Assembly, a copy of which was ordered to be\\nprocured out of the rolls office.\\nThe repugnance of the charter to this proceeding served\\nto keep alive in its feebleness the English school but the knot\\nwas cut by Mr. Kinnersley s resignation in October 1772, who\\nhad attained his three score years but in impaired health, which", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 251\\nled him to seek a warmer climate. No strenuous effort was\\nemployed to supply his place, partly from lack of interest and\\npartly from placing the new Salary on a footing which would\\nnot attract any experienced teacher. But the Trustees at their\\nmeeting on 2 February following, record this minute\\nThe College suffers greatly since Mr. Kinnersley left it, for want of\\na person to teach public speaking, so that the present classes have not\\nthose opportunities of learning to declaim and speak which have been of\\nso much use to their predecessors, and have contributed greatly to raise\\nthe credit of the Institution.\\nOn this Franklin briefly remarks in his Observations of\\n1789:\\nHere is another confession that the Latinists were unequal to the task\\nof teaching English eloquence, though on occasion the contrary is still\\nasserted, [and in closing he says] I am the only one of the original trustees\\nnow living, and I am just stepping into the grave myself. I am afraid that\\nsome part of the blame incurred by the Trustees may be laid on me, for\\nhaving too easily submitted to the deviations from the constitution, and not\\nopposing them with sufficient zeal and earnestness though indeed my\\nabsence in foreign countries at different times for near thirty years, tended\\nmuch to weaken my influence. i seem here to be surrounded\\nby the ghosts of my dear departed friends, beckoning and urging me to use\\nthe only tongue now left us, in demanding that justice to our grandchildren,,\\nthat to our children has been denied.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "252 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXXXV.\\nHowever, we have somewhat anticipated the course of\\nevents, in this review of the English tuition of the College and\\nAcademy, made necessary here in order to preserve the con-\\ntinuity of Franklin s argument and we recur with satisfaction\\nto the Provost s plan or scheme of education, broad and liberal\\nin its stretch, which claims in our thoughts a preeminence over\\nany cotemporary curriculum in this country and perhaps in\\nEngland. He divided it in two great sections, the Latin and\\nGreek Schools, and the Philosophy Schools the first embrac-\\ning all tuition in those ancient Languages in their structure and\\ntheir uses, and the other building on this foundation and making\\nuse of the necessary vehicle of language to pursue the study of\\nthe reason of things employing the term Philosophy in its\\ngeneric term the Love of Wisdom, embracing both Natural\\nand Moral Philosophy. At the stage when the word Philosophy\\nwas here applied to district schools its use was more general\\nthan it has now come to be used in this generation, and modern\\ncurricula use it to denote narrower spheres. Dr. Johnson s new\\nDictionary had now appeared, and Peter Collinson the good\\nfriend and agent in London of the College and Academy had\\nin October 1755 sent out to its Library an early copy of this\\ngreat lexicographical work, then just published and we find in\\nit Johnson s definition of Philosophy as the course of sciences\\nread in the schools, and for definition of the word sciences he\\nuses the pithy quotation from Hooker, any art or species of\\nKnowledge. This was much broader in its scope than anything\\nyet attempted in our Colleges, and its conception was bold as well\\nas novel but in their confidence in the learning and in the in-\\ngenuity of the young Provost, the Trustees accepted the pro-\\ngramme for the time, soliciting however the opinion of the\\nlearned upon it. But let the Provost himself explain his em-\\n1 Mr Collinson s Invoice shows\\n1755. I May, Blair s Chronology 49/\\niS July, Martin s Introduction to English Tongue 2/\\n16 Sept, Johnson s Dictionary 2 vols 4-10/\\nV. Treasurer s Accounts.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 253\\nployment of the term Philosophy as applied to the highest\\nschool, as we find it in his Discourse delivered at the first com-\\nmencement, 17 May, 1757.^\\nA person who knows himself endued with reason and under-\\nstanding, will not be content to take his knowledge entirely at sec-\\nond hand, on subjects so important as the nature and fitness of things,\\nand the Summum Bonum of man he will not care to rely wholly\\non a Historical Knowledge, founded on the Experience and Testimony\\nof others however much his labors may be shortened thereby. He\\nwill think it his duty to examine for himself, and to acquire a Moral\\nand Physical knowledge founded on his own Experience and Observa-\\ntion. This is what we call Philosophy in general comprehending in it\\nthe knowledge of all things Human and Divine, so far as they can be made\\nthe objects of our present inquiries. Now the genuine branches of this\\nPhilosophy or great system of Practical Wisdom, together with the neces-\\nsary instrumental parts thereof, may be included under the following\\ngeneral heads it appearing to me that the nature of things admits of no\\nmore:\\n1. Languages, which have been already mentioned rather as an\\nInstrument or Means of Science, than a Branch thereof\\n2. Logic and Metaphysics, or the Science of the Human Mind\\nunfolding its powers and directing its operations and reasonings\\n3. Natural Philosophy, Mathematics, and the rest of her beautiful\\ntrain of subservient arts, investigating the Physical properties of Body\\nexplaining the various phenomena of Nature and teaching us to render\\nher subservient to the ease and ornament of Life.\\n4. Moral Philosophy applying all the above to the business and\\nbosoms of men deducing the laws of our conduct from our situation in life\\nand connexions with the Beings around us settling the whole (Economy\\nof the Will and Affections establishing the predominancy of Reason and\\nConscience, and guiding us to Happiness thro the practice of Virtue.\\n5. Rhetoric, or the art of masterly Composition just Elocution,\\nand sound Criticism teaching us how to elevate our wisdom in the most\\namiable and inviting garb how to give life and spirit to our Ideas, and\\nmake our knowledge of the greatest benefit to ourselves and others and\\nlastly, how to enjoy those pure intellectual pleasures, resulting from a just\\ntaste for polite letters, and a true relish for the sprightly Wit, the rich\\nFancy, the noble Pathos, and the marvelous Sublime, shining forth in the\\nworks of the most celebrated Poets, Philosophers, Historians and Orators,\\nwith beauties ever pleasing, ever new.\\nThus I have given a sketch of the Capital branches of Human\\nDiscourses, ed 1759, p 142.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "254 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nScience and all of them are professed and taught in this Institution.\\nBut there is yet one Science behind necessary to com pleat all the rest, and\\nwithout which they will be found at best but very defective and unsatis-\\nfactory. Tis the Science of Christianity and the Great Mystery of Godli-\\nness that Subhmest Philosophy, into which even the angels themselves\\ndesire to be further initiated.\\nA new departure in higher education Mr. Smith felt was\\nneeded in the colonies. Up to this time, the aim of our earlier\\ncolleges had been primarily to prepare young men for the\\nministry. The conditions attendant upon the organization and\\nthe circumstances surrounding its progress forbad this to the\\nnew Philadelphia institution, however much Mr. Smith may\\nhave thought of it, of which however their appears no evidence,^\\nWhile tutoring in Long Island he must have had knowledge of\\nthe curriculum at Yale, and he may have visited New Haven\\nhis acquaintance with it^* distinguished alumnus Samuel Johnson\\npossibly ensured this. The chief thought here, as it was in like\\nmanner at Harvard College, seemed to be to fit the pupils to\\nassume the clerical profession the President and Fellows, or\\nTutors, for it was not until 1755, that the term Professor was\\nknown at Yale and that was upon the appointment of Dr.\\nDaggett as Professor of Theology, were mostly clergymen,\\nwhose professional sympathies would lead to such a training\\nand while the curriculum might of itself not bear such bias, those\\nwho administered it would perhaps insensibly give to it a theologi-\\ncal discipline. But it must, at the same time, be admitted that Yale\\nwas a seminary which was intended for the training of min-\\nisters as much as for any purpose and it was on this ground\\nthat the head of the College, Rev. Timoth} Cutler, was ex-\\ncused from all further service as Rector, when he led off in\\n3 It is doubtless true, that the studies of the English universities, from which\\nthe American Colleges are historically derived, were originally arranged with special\\nreference to the clerical profession, and that to this day some of the peculiarities thus\\ninduced have not been entirely outgrown. The first American Colleges were also\\nprimarily founded as training schools for the clergy, but as the other professions came\\nto require a liberal culture, this special reference to the clerical profession was laid\\naside. President Porter, ^WifrzV^w Colleges and the American Public, )t,. And\\nPresident Clap of Yale said in 1754 the original End and design of Colleges was to\\ninstruct and train up persons for the work of the ministry The great\\ndesign of founding this school was to educate ministers in our own way.\\nPresident Woolsey in Kingsley s Yale College i. 53-54.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 255\\nthe great Episcopal movement in 1722, which involved also other\\nsons of Yale, including Dr. Johnson, the Trustees voting this\\nin faithfulness to the trust reposed in them and this action\\nwas recognized by its subjects as legitimate and quite proper,\\nand so far from hard feelings being engendered by it those who\\nleft and those who staid still remained friends, and the former\\nhonored their Alma Mater equally with the latter. As the\\nPhiladelphia institution began at a day and in a province\\nwhere clerical influence was not foremost in the control\\nand where church and state were absolutely separate\\nfrom tuition, the way was open for Provost Smith, who\\nhad not yet attained his thirtieth year, to propound a scheme\\nfree of early colonial traditions and build anew a richer and a\\nbroader curriculum, and offer it to parents for the higher educa-\\ntion of their sons. Had he begun his College work on the Yale\\nplan, he would have been without originality and its influence\\nwould have been purely local a new departure was called for,\\nand his was the genius and courage to attempt it. In the\\nsuccess of this scheme, Provost Smith found his highest gratifi-\\ncation and as his pupils took their places in the world\\nthoroughly trained mentally for their various calls, it is quite\\neasy to recognize how the ancient languages gradually took pre-\\ncedence of the English, not it may be to the exclusion of the\\nlatter, but sufi(iciently to the extent that the pupil s mind appre-\\nhended less the value and importance of his own tongue than\\nhe might have done had the views of the Founders prevailed.\\nBut so far as his influence may have extended in this, the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0educated community generally was equally with him in greater\\nsympathy with the pursuit of the classics of the ancients than\\nwith those of the mother country.\\nThe establishment of the first Professorship in Yale, in\\n1755, that of Theology, appeared to remove this from a general\\nto a special study, and marked a new era in the spirit of the\\ngenerally accepted curriculum.^ And the same thought of making\\n^Professor Fisher, Yak College, ii. 17. Both Harvard and Yale wer^\\nmodeled in general after the English Colleges Yale having before it, also, the exam\\npie of its older sister. It is only necessary to look at the course of study at Harvard\\nin the early days to see that theology was a prominent and even a principal study.\\nIbid., ii. 15.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "256 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\na new departure prevailed alike with Dr. Johnson in New York\\nand Mr. Smith in Philadelphia, though with the former there\\nprevailed in his Advertisement of June, 1754, elsewhere referred\\nto, some sympathy with the old course of his Alma Mater, when\\nhe said\\nThe chief Thing that is aimed at in this College is, to teach and\\nengage the children to know God in Jesus Christ, and to love and serve\\nhim, in all Sobriety, Godliness, and Righteonsness of Life, with a perfect\\nHeart and a willing Mind.\\nBut let us see what Yale s curriculum was at this period,\\nand President Woolsey s words can give the story\\nThe Latin law of 1748, of which also an English original, under date\\nof 1745, is extant in manuscript, prescribes that in the first year the students\\nshall principally study the tongues and logic, and shall in some measure\\npursue the study of the tongues the next two years. In the second year\\nthey shall recite rhetoric, geometry, and geography. In the third year,\\nnatural philosophy, astronomy, and other parts of mathematics. In the\\nfourth year metaphysics and ethics. Every Saturday shall especially be\\ndevoted to the study of divinity, and the classes, through the whole of\\ntheir college life, shall recite the Westminster Confession of Faith, received\\nand approved by the churches of this colony, Wollebius s or Ames s\\nMedulla, or any other system of divinity by direction of the President and\\nFellows. And on Friday, each student in his order, about six at a time,\\nshall declaim in the hall, in Latin, Greek or Hebrew, and in no other\\nlanguage without special leave; and the two Senior Classes shall dispute\\ntwice a week.\\nIn Dr. Johnson s pupilage,\\ncommon arithmetic and a little surveying were all the mathematics studied;\\nbut he, as a tutor, introduced more mathematics for the understanding of\\nthe Newtonian system. Geometry was studied not long afterward. In a\\nletter of Jonathan Edwards to his father (written probably at the beginning\\nof his Senior year, 1720), he says that the Rector advised him to get\\nAlsted s Geometry and Gassendus s Astronomy for the purposes of study.\\nAt a later period, I know not when, except that it is likely to have been\\nunder President Clap, the mathematics of Ward (President of Trinity\\nCollege, Cambridge, and Bishop of Exeter) were introduced.^\\nLet us advance a decade and note yet further Enlargement\\nYale College, ii. 497. Ibid.,ii. 499. ^Ibid., ii. 497.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 257\\nof the studies, but not yet up to the point set by the Philadel-\\nphia Provost\\nPresident Clap, in his history, written in 1766, gives an account of\\nthe studies, which shows that, during his term of office considerable pro-\\ngress had been made in the mathematical branches. In the first year, he\\nsays, they learn Hebrew, and principally pursue the study of the languages,\\nand make a beginning in logic and some parts of mathematics. In the\\nsecond year they study the languages, but principally recite logic, rhetoric,\\noratory, geography, and natural philosophy, and some of them make good\\nprogress in trigonometry and algebra. In the third year they still pursue\\nthe study of natural philosophy and most branches of mathematics. Many\\nof them well understand surveying, navigation, and the calculation of\\neclipses; and some of them are considerable proficients in conic sections\\nand fluxions. In the fourth year they principally study and recite meta-\\nphysics and divinity. The two upper classes exercise their powers in dis-\\nputing every Monday in the syllogistic form and every Tuesday in the\\nforensic\\nAnd proceeding a few years later we note yet further\\nadvances\\nThere is, in President Stiles Diary for November 9, 1779, a list of\\nbooks recited in the several classes at [his] accession to the presidency,\\nwhich we will here insert\\nFreshman Class. Virgilius, Ciceronis Orationes, Graec. Test,\\nWard s Arithmetic.\\nSophimore (sic) Class. Graecum Testament., Horatius, Lowth s\\nEnglish Grammar, Watts Logic, Guthrie s Geography, Hammond s Alge-\\nbra, Holmer s Rhetorick, Ward s Geometry, Vincent s Catechism [Satur-\\nday], Ward s Mathematics.\\nJunior Class. Ward s Trigonometry, Atkinson and Wilson ditto,\\nGraec. Test., Cicero de Oratore, Martin s Philosophic Grammar and Phi-\\nlosophy, 3 vols., Vincent, [Saturday].\\nSenior Class. Locke, Human Understanding, Wollaston, Relig. of\\nNature Delineated, and for [Saturday], Wollebius, Amesii Medulla,\\nGraec. Test, (or Edwards on the Will, sometime discontinued). President\\nClap s Ethics.\\nPresident Woolsey further tells us\\nFor the classical tongues the examinations embraced at first, and for\\nmany years, a part of Virgil, a part of Cicero s select orations, and in\\nGreek the four Evangelists. The course in College went very little further\\nYale College, ii. 498. Ibid., ii. 500.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "258 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthan to complete these Latin authors and the New Testament. I do not\\nthink that even Homer was studied except by the candidates for the Berke-\\nlian scholarship, until the earliest years of the present century, when the\\nlate Professor Kingsley and Professor Moses Stuart, being tutors, used it in\\ntheir classes. Latin, at the first, was both spoken and\\nwritten with ease, and the daily practice in disputation and even in con-\\nversation was such that the students would put to shame in this respect\\nthose of the present day. But I fear that correctness of style was not\\nreached, much less was elegance.\\nEven Mr. Smith s Latin and Greek Schools were many-\\nyears in advance of all this but when to these his Philosophy-\\nSchools were added we find the College and Academy of Phila-\\ndelphia a half century in the advance of imparting a thoroughly-\\nliberal education to the increasing American generations.\\nAs Yale grew out of Harvard, it followed that the curriculum\\nwas on the same pattern as the latter. New England did not\\nrequire another College, but church government and alleged\\ndifferences in orthodoxy were the reasons for the former s exist-\\nence as early as 1647 t)ut a decade after the origin of Har-\\nvard, the people of New Haven undertook the enterprise of\\nestablishing a College in that colony but postponed it in deference\\nto the interests of Cambridge. However in 1700 the matter\\nwas consummated, and Abraham Pierson, a graduate of Har-\\nvard of 1668, became the first Rector of the Saybrook Academy\\nwhich in a few years, when removed to New Haven, was entitled\\nYale College in honor of Governor Yale, its illustrious bene-\\nfactor.\\nMr. Palfrey, writing of Harvard College, tells us\\nThe course of study, adopted from the contemporaneous practice of\\nthe English Universities, consisted of Latin and Greek (in which some\\nproficiency was required for admission) of logic, arithmetic, geometry,\\nand physics and of Hebrew, Chaldee Syriac, and Divinity, the forming\\nof a learned ministry being a main object of the institution. [Under the\\nRev, Henry Dunster, the second president], the College soon acquired so\\nhigh a reputation, that in several instances youth of opulent families in the\\nparent country were sent over to receive their education in New England.\\nDuyckinck, i. 85.\\n12 Palfrey s History of New England, ii. 48, 49.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 259\\n||But this may doubtless have been largely owing to the religious tests of\\nthe English Universities.]\\nDuring Pierson s pupilage at Harvard, President Quincy\\ntells us\\nTo the general student, and such as were not destined to the work of\\nthe ministry, the exercises of the College must have been irksome, and, in\\ntheir estimation, unprofitable. The reading every morning a portion of\\nthe Old Testament out of Hebrew into Greek, and every afternoon a por-\\ntion of the New Testament out of English into Greek, however it might\\nimprove their knowledge of those languages respectively, could not greatly\\naccelerate or enlarge their acquaintance with Scripture, or tend vividly to\\nexcite their piety. The exposition, required by the laws of the College to\\nbe made by the President, of the chapters read at the morning and evening\\nservices, although greatly lauded for its utility, and made the repeated\\nsubject of inquiry by active members of the Board of Overseers, seems\\nnot to have been of any material efficiency in point of instruction.\\nTo speak true Latin, both in prose and verse, was made an essential\\nrequisite for admission. Among the laws and liberties of the College was\\nthe following The scholars shall never use their mother tongue, except\\nthat, in public exercises of oratory or such like, they be called to make\\nthem in English. Scholares vernacula lingua, intra Collegii\\nlimites nullo pretextu intentur.\\nThe flavor of this training Rector Pierson must have main-\\ntained during the few years of his life spared to the Connecticut\\nCollege. The administration of President Holyoke, at Harvard,\\nbeginning in 1737,^*\\nwas distinguished by a series of persevering and well directed endeavors\\nto elevate the standard of harmony in Harvard College. But\\nthe customs and rules of the College tardily yielded to the influences of the\\nperiod and it was not until after the middle of the eighteenth century,\\nthat effectual improvements were introduced. The dissatisfac-\\ntion of the Board of Overseers with the state of elocution among the\\nundergraduates, and with the standard of classical attainments in the Col-\\nlege, was the origin of the present literary exhibitions, which were at first\\nonly semi-annual. In October, 1754, a committee was raised in that\\nboard to project some new method to promote oratory. The\\nsame Committee had reported in April, 1755, that the fourth part of the\\nyearly income of the Hollis donation, and the whole of the yearly income\\nHistory of Harvard University. Quincy, i. 19^\\ni*Quincy, ii. 123. ibid., ii. 125.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "26o History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nof other splendid donations, should be applied to encourage the study of\\nthe languages, by equally dividing the amount between any three of the\\nJunior Sophister class, two of whom should appear most expert in the\\nLatin and the Greek, and the third in the Hebrew language and the other\\nincomes of Mr. Hollis to be divided equally between nine other Junior\\nSophisters, who should most excel in the knowledge of said languages, the\\nsaid scholars to be all of good morals. By other action the\\nCorporation voted that the exercises of the Freshmen and\\nSophomores, with their respective Tutors, on Friday morning (except\\nwhen they declaim) be to read some celebrated orations, speeches, or\\ndialogues in Latin or English, whereby they may be directed and assisted\\nin their elocution or pronunciation that the Tutors attend the declama-\\ntions in the Chapel on Friday morning, and that once a month the two\\nsenior classes have their disputations in English, in the forensic manner,\\nwithout being confined to syllogisms that the number of opponents and\\nrespondents be equal and that they speak alternately the questions to be\\ngiven out by the Tutors at least a fortnight beforehand. [But President\\nOuincy adds] notwithstanding the unanimity with which these principles\\nwere adopted, it was found difficult to introduce a practice so little in\\nunison with the private recitations, syllogistic forms, and solemn exercises\\nof ancient times.\\nIt was not however until President Willard s administration,\\nnamely in 1787 after the War of the Revolution, that we trace\\nsome significant changes in the books of instruction, recreating\\nthe curriculum, but not up to the standard of that of Philadel-\\nphia of 1756\\nHorace, Sallust, Cicero de Oratore, Homer, and Xenophon were substi-\\nuted for Virgil, Cicero s orations, Ccesar, and the Greek Testament. The num-\\nber of exercises was increased, and the instructors were enjoined to ascertain\\nthat they were learned by the whole class. These classics formed the prin-\\ncipal studies of the first three College years. The Freshmen were instructed,\\nalso, in rhetoric, the art of speaking, and arithmetic the Sophomores in\\nalgebra, and other branches of mathematics the Juniors in Livy, Dod-\\ndridge s Lectures, and, once a week, the Greek Testament the Seniors in\\nlogic, metaphysics, and ethics. The Freshmen and Sophomores were\\nrequired to study Hebrew, or French, as a substitute. Through the College\\ncourse all the classes were instructed in declamation, chronology and\\nhistory. In 1788 Blair s Lectures on Rhetoric was introduced as a text\\nbook.\\niSQuincy, ii. 127. i Ibid., ii. 279.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 261\\nBut within fifteen years from this time, Harvard had still\\nfurther advanced her standard\\nIn 1803, the former conditions of admission were repealed, and a\\nstrict examination in Dalzel s Collectanea Graeca Minora, the Greek Tes-\\ntament, Virgil, Sallust, and Cicero s Select Orations a thorough acquaint-\\nance with the Greek and Latin grammars, including prosody also, an\\nability to translate those languages correctly, and a knowledge of geography\\nand arithmetic to the rule of three, was substituted.\\nOf the curriculum at William and Mary College, Virginia,\\nat the period of the publication of Provost Smith s Plan, we have\\nno certain knowledge. The visitations of fire to its buildings\\nhad caused the destruction of most of its valuable records. The\\norigin of this venerable institution was even more decidedly of a\\ntheological intention than Harvard or Yale, and was\\nto the end that the church of Virginia may be furnished with a seminary\\nof ministers of the Gospel, and that the youth may be piously educated in\\ngood letters and manners, and that the Christian faith may be propagated\\namongst the Western Indians to the glory of Almighty God.\\nThe Rev. James Blair, afterwards Commissary of the Bishop of\\nLondon in Virginia, was sent to England by the Colonial Assem-\\nbly in 1 69 1 to solicit a charter from the Crown, which was\\ngranted on 8 February, 1693, William and Mary giving out of\\nthe quit rents two thousand pounds towards the building.\\nWhen he was charged to convey to Seymour, the Attorney\\nGeneral, the royal commands to issue the charter, Seymour\\nremonstrated against this liberality, upon the ground that the\\nnation was engaged in an expensive war that the money was\\nwanted for better purposes, and that he did not see the slightest\\noccasion for a College in Virginia. Mr Blair begged the Attorney\\nwould consider that its intention was to educate and qualify\\nyoung men to be ministers of the gospel, much wanted there\\nthat the people of Virginia had souls to be saved as well as the\\npeople of England. Souls, exclaimed Seymour, damn\\nyour souls make tobacco Commissary Blair, a native of\\n18 Quincy, ii. 280.\\n13 This is related by Franklin to Messrs Weems and Gant, two candidates then\\nin London seeking his counsel as to obtaining orders, in his letter from Passy, 18\\nJuly, 1784. Bigelow, ix., 10.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "262 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nScotland as was William Smith, had come as a Missionary of\\nthe Church of England to Virginia in 1685. He was nominated\\nthe first President of the College and so continued the half cen-\\ntury until his death in 1743. We are told that,\\nbefore the Revolution, the College consisted of a school of Divinity, one of\\nPhilosophy, in which Natural Philosophy and Mathematics were taught, a\\nGrammar School for instruction in the Ancient Languages, and an Indian\\nschool supported by the donation of the Hon Robert Boyle, in which, from\\nabout the year 1700 to 1776, eight to ten Indians were annually maintained\\nand educated.^\\nIn this christian and generous thought and action for the\\naborigines, the College of William and Mary was far in advance\\nof its cotemporaries. Franklin visited the College in April\\n1756:\\nThis day, Benjamin Franklin, Esquire, favored the Society with his\\ncompany and had the degree of A. M. conferred upon him.^^\\nThomas Jefferson was then in one of the younger classes^\\ngraduating in 1759. Twenty years later, the Master and the\\nundergraduate were united on a Committee to draft a Declara-\\ntion of Independence from the Mother country which came forth\\nfrom their deliberations in the immortal words of the younger\\nof the two.\\nIn 1 77 1, there graduated James Madison, afterwards the\\nfirst Bishop of Virginia, who received the degree of D.D. in\\n1785 from the University in Philadelphia; who within three\\nyears of his graduation was made Professor of Natural Philoso-\\nphy and Chemistry, and within six years became the President\\nof the College, both of which stations through the remainder of\\nhis life to 1812 he filled with zeal and ability, and to which after\\nhis consecration in 1790 were added the duties of his Episcopate.\\nHistorical Sketchy p. 40. Archdeacon Burnaby visited William and Mary\\nCollege in September, 1759, and referring to the Indian School says, this pious\\ninstitution was set on foot and promoted by the excellent Mr. Boyle. At\\npresent the only Indian children in Mr. Boyle s school are five or six of the Pamunky\\ntribe, who, being surrounded by and living in the midst of our settlements, are more\\naccustomed to the manners and habits of the English Colonists. The\\nbusiness of the Professor of the Indian School is to instruct the Indians in reading,\\nwriting, and the principles of the Christian religion. Travels, London, 1798, p. 24.\\n21 Ibid., 42.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 263\\nProvost Smith s Biographer tells us that Rev Mr Madison intro-\\nduced the curriculum of the Philadelphia Academy and College\\nof 1756,^^ and adopted it on his accession to the Presidency, in\\nthe College of William and Mary, from which we may learn\\nthat the course previously pursued was a less liberal one and\\nsavored more of the courses which we have found to have pre-\\nvailed in the New England Colleges prior to the Revolution.\\nFranklin may not after his visit of 1756 have again been in\\nVirginia, but his interest was awakened in this then venerable\\ninstitution of learning on the banks of the James River, and\\nwas sealed by his acceptance of a degree of honor it conferred\\nupon him. On his return from that visit he found that the\\nTrustees had approved of Mr Smith s Scheme of liberal educa-\\ntion, and may have sent a copy of it to his friends at Williams-\\nburg as its eminent faculty contained, Persons of Learning and\\nExperience, in order to obtain their sentiments upon it. The\\nseeds were sown, and when young Madison became the head\\nof the College, at about the same age Smith had become Pro-\\nvost, he was ready and able to carry into practice a new depar-\\nture in the College form of studies, which otherwise might have\\nremained unchanged in the main since good Commissary Blair\\nhad established them four score of years before. The vigor of\\nyouth found its way to the front then when possessed by men\\nof courage and cultivation as it does to day, though we are apt\\nto assume that only in these times does the opportunity present\\nitself to the young man to become a leader. Well may it be, if\\nthe young man of the present will always find himself as well\\nfitted for his opportunity as did Smith and Madison.\\nOf the curriculum in the English Universities we gather the\\nbest account, not from English sources, but from a German\\nauthority, V. A. Huber, whose studies of the subject in The\\n22 Smith, i. 124.\\nMr. Sydney G. Fisher, in his recent interesting publication, entitled Church\\nColleges their History, Position and Importance, Philadelphia, 1895, ^^7^ Before\\nthe Revolution, W^illiam and Mary and the College of Philadelphia were the leading\\nseats of learning in the colonies. The fame of Harvard and Yale is of a later date.\\nThe Philadelphia College was a little larger than William and Mary, and had a wider\\ncurriculum embracing more topics but was inferior to William and Mary in the\\nquality of its training and in producing remarkable men. p. 25.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "264 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEnglish Universities, translated by Francis W. Newman, make\\nof the subject one of the most interesting studies in Enghsh hfe.\\nHe says of their course in the eighteenth century\\nThe average scientific result of the seven years course [academic and\\ncollegiate] may be judged of, by considering what was required by the\\nColleges (not by the University) for the attainment of the Bachelorship in\\nArts. The candidate was to be well founded in Latin, and to have a\\nmoderate acquaintance with Greek, a certain facility in speaking or writing\\nLatin, and a knowledge rather general and elegant, than fundamental, of\\nthe commonest Classics, connected more with an ability to quote passages,\\nthan aught else a rather piecemeal acquaintance with archaeological and\\nhistorical matters, serviceable for commenting on the separate authors.\\nMathematical information, slight enough at Oxford, but comprising in\\nCambridge the higher branches of Mathematics, Physics, and a foretaste of\\nAstronomy with the general Philosophical cultivation which may be gath-\\nered from a very moderate acquaintance with the more important works of\\nBacon and Locke. Whatever was done beyond, either in the Arts or in\\nthe Faculties, was a work of supererogation.^*\\nReferring to pubhc examinations, which became the estab-\\nlished practice in the Philadelphia Academy for many years\\nto the great benefit of the students and reputation of the institu-\\ntion, Ruber had, in a few pages before the above, written\\nIn Cambridge, the Mathematical examinations appear alone to have\\nbeen carried on with earnestness: indeed, the examinations for honors\\nintroduced as early as the middle of last century, became so severe, that\\nonly the ablest minds could enter the lists. The publicity of these exami-\\nnations, and the interest felt in the results, certainly gave a powerful excite-\\nment to ambition in the case of those who could compete for them.\\nAnother and more widely diffused stimulus, was found in the prizes which\\nwere offered, at least after the middle of the century, for compositions in\\nprose or in verse. Independently of the prize itself, the publicity of the\\nrecitation and the augury afforded of future progress for the successful\\ncandidate, were of great effect.\\nHe had already spoken of the pre-eminence of Mathematics\\nat Cambridge\\nOnly the Mathematical studies at Cambridge and those in Natural\\nThe EnglisJi Universities from the German of V. A. Huber. By F. W.\\nNewman, ii. 304. ^^Ibid, ii. 299.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 265\\nPhilosophy connected with them, require or admit especial mention. In\\nthese the impulse reached even the University Statutes, and introduced the\\ngerm of the system of mathematical examinations, which has since reached\\nthe highest pitch of mechanical perfection and essentially contributed to\\ngain for Cambridge its mathematical pre-eminence above all other institu-\\ntions in the world. The name of Newton suffices to explain this prepon-\\nderance of mathematics, yet we ought not to overlook the merit of his\\npredecessor Barrow, and the earlier predisposition towards this branch of\\nstudy. That Bentley was not able to elevate the classics to the same\\npitch, may be explained, both by the firm footing which Mathematics had\\nalready gained, and by his own unpleasantness and unpopularity. While\\nCambridge continued in this praiseworthy path, under Newton s energetic\\nsuccessors, and shortly produced Porson to take the place of Bentley\\nOxford also began to break the spell of its political evil spirit, and resume\\nits classical studies. Thus in the second half of the eighteenth century we\\nfind both the Universities upon that level of scientific, moral, and religious\\ncultivation, upon which they upon the whole remained till about thirty\\nyears ago, when a new impulse began, the riper and permanent results of\\nwhich are yet to come.^^\\nDr. Christopher Wordsworth in his Social Life at the\\nEnglish Universities affords us more information as to the ages\\nof the matriculants\\nSwift went to Dublin at fourteen. Gibbon entered at Magdalen,\\nOxford, as a gentleman commoner (April, 1752) before he had completed\\nhis fifteenth year. And, that entries at that early age were contemplated as\\npossible, is evident from the fact that there was a regulation at Oxford,\\nwhich provided that students who entered at an earlier age should not\\nsubscribe the XXXIX Articles on their matriculation, bnt should wait till\\nthey had completed their fifteenth year. Out of a dozen cases taken at\\nrandom, of men who studied at the Universities in the last century (not\\nincluding Gibbon) I find three who entered at fifteen years of age, two at\\nseventeen, three at eighteen, and four at nineteen.\\nThe ages of the early graduates at the Philadelphia College\\nshow that they entered college life at earlier years than Dr.\\nWordsworth quotes of the ages at matriculation, at the English\\nUniversities. Of the seventy graduates at the sixteen com-\\nmencements, prior to the abrogation of the Charter in 1779, whose\\nages are known to us, thirty-seven were not over nineteen years\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^5 Newman, ii. 293-4. Social Life, g^.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "266 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nof age, and of these, fifteen were seventeen years of age, eight\\nwere sixteen years, and three were fifteen these latter were\\nJohn Bankson, John Maddox Wallace, and Benjamin Duffield.\\nThe greatest age at graduation was twenty-seven years, this\\nbeing the age of Robert Goldsborough, Samuel Jones a native\\nof Wales, and James Cannon a native of Scotland. The aver-\\nage of the whole number was nineteen years and six-sevenths.\\nThe sixty-five whose ages are unknown to us would not, it is\\nassumed, materially change these figures. There may be\\nnaught to argue from this contrary to the completeness of the\\nCollege curriculum, which was admittedly more thorough than\\nany cotemporary plan but the figures testify to the influence\\nof colonial life which stimulated the young men to more rapid\\ncourses in their educational life, in order the earlier to embark\\nin their chosen pursuits whether professional or otherwise. In\\nthe old country at home more deliberation was had in all such\\nmatters, and there probably no one was eager to enter the lists\\nof trade or of profession where social caste prevailed to dictate\\nthe mode of a man s pursuit of self maintenance.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 267\\nXXXVI.\\nIt may be well at this point, though we may anticipate\\nsome of our steps, to consider whether the exemplary standard\\nthus raised by the Provost narrowed the door of admission to the\\nyoung applicant, and served in the course of years to maintain\\na minimum number of graduates as compared with the other\\nwell known and older institutions in the land. To this cause\\nif it existed may be added a city location of the College and\\nAcademy, wherein was at first no stated home for the student\\nfrom the interior and which deficiency was only in part remedied\\nwithin a few years. Harvard, and Yale, and New Jersey, and\\nWilliam and Mary, each graduated more pupils than Philadel-\\nphia and King s College together, within the twenty years\\nfollowing 1756. Cambridge, New Haven, Princeton, and\\nWilliamsburg were small places, possibly chosen for scholastic\\nsites on account of their freedom from the turmoil of large\\ncentres, though the first named was within sound of one. Har-\\nvard and Yale drew matriculants from the New England Col-\\nonies and some even from New York Princeton s supply came\\nas well from Pennsylvania and New York as from New Jersey,\\nthe Presbyterian element in Philadelphia contributing largely\\nto it. The College of Philadelphia could only draw from its\\nown province and the Lower Counties as they were termed,,\\nbut at the same time attracted many from Maryland, when\\nWilliam and Mary within the period under review had but twO\\nMaryland graduates. But Philadelphia had the honor of grad-\\nuating Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant in 1763, a graduate of\\nPrinceton of 1762, which of itself was a testimony to its higher\\nstandard. Columbia drew from the churchmen of New York\\nand some West India youth, notably Alexander Hamilton,,\\nthough the latter s studies were interrupted by the approach of\\nthe Revolution. Of the three hundred and eighteen graduates of\\nWilliam and Mary within these two decades, three hundred were\\nVirginians, of whom were Jefferson, Monroe, and Marshall^\\ntwo from Maryland, one from Jamaica, the three Murrays,\\nsons of the Earl of Dunmore, and to the honor of the college", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "268 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nbe it recorded ten Indians. The t\\\\vo city colleges, New York\\nand Philadelphia, even under experienced leaders supported by\\nstrong local influences, suffered for want of that home college life\\nwhich the other institutions offered. Harvard in this period\\nmade an annual average of about forty-one graduates, Yale\\nabout thirty-three, Princeton about twenty and William and\\nMary about sixteen, while Philadelphia Avith two vacant years,\\n1758 and 1764, averaged in the twenty a little over seven, and\\nColumbia with its first Commencement in 1758, averaged in the\\nnineteen years but about five and one-half Of the graduates in\\nthis period eight became signers of the Declaration of Inde-\\npendence, William and Mary furnishing Wythe, Jefferson and\\nBraxton Philadelphia, Hopkinson and Paca Harvard, Hooper\\nand Gerry; and Princeton, Benjamin Rush a Philadelphian. Of\\nthe College Alumni before 1757, there were ten of the signers,\\nof which Harvard furnished Samuel Adams, Elleiy, Williams,\\nPaine and John Adams Yale, Livingston, Lewis Morris, Wol-\\ncott and Hall (these two classmates of 1747) and Princeton,\\nStockton. The churchmanship of King s College did not\\nattract pupils from the general community, as Yale and Prince-\\nton on either side not only furnished to them a more welcome\\ntheology but a college home life. Philadelphia with its liberal\\nConstitutions and catholic minded Trustees yet eventuall}^ fell\\nunder the taint of Episcopacy, for in Christ Church were\\ncentred those most active in its control and management. But\\nits standard was elevated, and many of the best minds of Penn-\\nsylvania and Maryland and Delaware sought the Muses in its\\nCollege, rugged as were the steps that led into its Portico. It\\nwas to the honor of the College and to the credit of the young\\nProvost, that the maintenance of his high standard of 1756\\nsecured to the graduates a higher rank in general studies, i. e. in\\nPhilosophy, than their compeers of other Colleges at the time.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pexxsylvaxia. 269\\nXXXVII.\\nTo carry out in thoroughness this comprehensive scheme of\\ntuition the Provost had associated with him in the Faculty, the\\nVice Provost Ahson, and Professors Grew, Kinnersley, and\\nJackson, with the assistance of the Tutors James Latta, Hugh\\nWilliamson, and Thomas Pratt. Horace Jones had served from.\\n175 1, and his engagement ceased in January of this year.\\nYoung Duche had served but one year s Tutorship from\\nAugust, 1754, he had devoted himself solely to his studies.\\nJackson, a Tutor from April 1752, had now been appointed\\nProfessor of the Languages. John Ormsby, appointed a Tutor\\nin the latter part of 1753, had served but a few months. John\\nConstable s appointment as Tutor in February, 1755, continued\\nbarely six months. William Donnaldson served as Tutor but\\nfor one quarter, at the close of 1755. Andrew Morton had\\nbeen Master of the Charity School since March, 1753 William\\nAyres had been assistant in the Charity School since Septem-\\nber, 1755, and when Mr. Morton was appointed Tutor, he was\\nunanimously chosen Master to succeed him and Mrs. Frances\\nHolwell had been Mistress of the Charity School from Decem-\\nber of the same year. John Kirke had assisted in the Charity\\nSchool during 1774, and was allowed Twenty Pounds for his\\nservice and Thirty pounds for the year ensuing if\\nhe continues in the Academy, which, however, he did not.\\nHugh Williamson added to his duties as Tutor those of Writing\\n^Master but later, Thomas Pratt was called the Writing Master.\\nWilliamson and Latta, tutors in the Latin Schools, were pupils\\nin the Philosophy Schools, and were to adorn the first gradu-\\nating class in the year following.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "270 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXXXVIII.\\nBut the activities of the Provost in other matters than those\\nof the College the claims of which might well be supposed to\\nengage his entire time with only intervals for those pulpit calls\\nwhich his eloquence made frequent/ brought him abreast of\\nthe politics of the day in which he stirred with a lively interest,\\nand on behalf of which he often exercised his ready and trench-\\nant pen. Controversy with him was a sure avenue to the display\\nof his keenest abilities, and perhaps was more congenial to him\\nat this time of his life, for he was not over thirty years of age,\\nthan the staid and regular duties of the College with its full day\\nsessions and brief holidays in season. This much must be said\\nbefore we narrate one of these controversies, the consideration\\nof which found its way into the deliberations of the Trustees,\\nand necessarily became part of the history of the College the\\nonly advantage of which lies in the opportunity it affords us in\\npassing to take some view of the political heats of the province\\nand city at that time prevailing.\\nEarly in the year 1756 party feeling ran high; the popular\\nsentiment being keenly at the time against the Proprietaries\\nwho continuously instructed their Governors not to approve of\\nany bill taxing their estates, and the other side contending this\\ncry was a pretence to undermine the Proprietaries interest\\nentirely and take the Government out of their hands. William\\nSmith, who could not rest quiet in any civil strife any more than\\nin a theological controversy, early sided with the latter party,\\nand against the Assembly of which Franklin was a conspicuous\\nand influential member. We have seen from his letter of July,\\n1754, how early in his Pennsylvania life he had formed views on\\nlocal controversies. It was in the month of March, 1756, that\\nbeing at the Coffee House and engaged in animated conversa-\\ntion with Mr. Daniel Roberdeau, afterwards General Roberdeau,\\nthe latter said to him he was sorry a gentleman of his cloth had\\n1 Dr. George B. Wood in his History of the University of Pennsylvania, read\\nbefore the Historical Society on 29 October, 1827, says: The Rev d Dr. Wilham\\nSmith was eminent for his various learning and general ability. Many living can bear\\nwitness to his eloquence as a preacher. p. 20.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 271\\nintermeddled in party affairs, to which Mr. Smith rephed I\\nam of no Party: I just dress the Sentiments of one side of the\\nQuestion I would do the same for you, were there not men of\\nabilities among you. This language was overheard, and being\\nrepeated from mouth to mouth was added to, so that the\\naccepted report had it that Smith s language was to this effect\\nI only dress the Sentiments of the Proprietary side in proper\\nlanguage and if it was not that there are men of sense and\\nability among the friends of the People I would do the same for\\nthem. The offense in this latter version lay in the naming of\\nthe two parties, and the sting to Smith was in his apparent\\nacknowledgment that the Assembly party were the Friends of\\nthe People. This Mr. Smith met by an affidavit not only deny-\\ning the language as reported, but further denying his having\\ngiven expression to any sentiments of the kind whatever in a\\nconversation with Mr. Roberdeau or otherwise. This was met\\nby an affidavit of the gentleman and by the same from those\\nbystanders who had noted what had been said in the warmth\\nof the conversation, affirming that Mr. Smith employed the\\nwords as first recited above. And to strengthen Mr. Rober-\\ndeau s worth and credit with the community, not only did the\\nRector, Warden, and Vestrymen of Christ Church certify to his\\nhaving always supported the character of an Honest, Virtu-\\nous, Religious, Upright and Sober man, but certain citi-\\nzens, seventy in number, joined in a certificate in the same\\nterms, among whom were Drs. Bond and Zachary and Mr.\\nSyng, who were trustees of the Academy. The town talk\\nbecame oppressive, and the Pennsylvania Journal, Bradford s\\npaper, admitted communications on the charge anonymous and\\notherwise. Humphrey Scourge gave mild advice to a certain\\nParson I could wish for thy own sake, and the sake of those\\nunder thy care, that thee would behave more prudently, and\\ngive less occasion of offense to the People and Obadiah\\nHonesty came out in a Broadside arguing that the probabilities\\nall were against Mr. Smith saying the words currently reported\\nhe had uttered. Smith himself was the reputed author of an\\narticle in the Journal of 1 5 April in which he referred to the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "272 HiSTORV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.\\naspiring views of a certain mighty politician, who expected\\nthat every person would fall down and worship the Golden\\nCalf. I had almost said the Golden Bull. Which were\\nconsidered by another writer in the issue of the following week\\nas the vomitings of this infamous hireling against an absent\\nperson. And to this on 6 May, Smith s rejoinder contained a\\nqualification of these words, No one desires to detract from the\\nGentleman s Merits and Abilities, but certainly they are not too\\nhigh for competition nor wholly unparalleled. These references\\nto Franklin did not show new antagonisms, but were the fruits\\nof earlier controversies. Franklin was absent during this news-\\npaper war, not returning until June but his unwillingness\\nlonger to continue President of the Board of Trustees took form\\nat the annual meeting in May, when Dr. Peters succeeded him.\\nAt the moment of time when William and Mary was bestowing\\non him their honorary degree, his own College under the heat\\nof local politics was willing his influence in it should be lessened,\\nand accepted his withdrawal from the Presidency.\\nThis present controversy was affecting the College, and the\\nyoung Provost felt the need of vindication from public calumny.\\nFranklin on his return from Virginia attended the meeting of 8\\nJune, but being again called out of town was not at the meeting\\nof 5 July, Messrs. Peters, Allen, Hamilton, Inglis, Stedman,\\nMaddox, Coleman, Strettel, Taylor and Syng only being present,\\nwhen\\nit was moved by one of the Trustees that Examination be made into the\\nfoundation of the Several Charges lately published to the Disadvantage of\\nMr. Smith, as the Reputation of the Academy might be affected by them,\\nand it appearing to the Trustees that in Justice to their own Character as\\nwell as that of their Provost, such an examination was very proper, it was\\nreferred to Mr Peters, Mr Taylor and Mr Stedman to make full enquiry into\\nthis Matter and report the same at the next meeting of the Trustees that it\\nmay then be considered what ought farther to be done.\\nAt the same meeting, four of the students of the Senior Philos-\\nophy Class, viz. Duche, Latta, Hopkinson and Williamson,\\npresented a paper to the Trustees which was ordered entered on\\nthe minutes bearing on this subject. Magaw and Morgan s signa-\\ntures are not attached as they were out of town. It was a filial", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 273\\ndocument, the utterance of an appeal in behalf of their Provost\\nto whom they were personally attached, resenting the\\nseveral unjust and malicious insinuations lately appearing in the public\\npapers and been spread through the city by the heat of Party against the\\nRev. William Smith, Provost of this College, [and thinking it] their duty in\\njustice to the Character of our respected Tutor to certify to you that for near\\nthe space of two years last in which we have been under his immediate care,\\nhe never did in any of the lectures take occasion to introduce anything relat-\\ning to the Parties now subsisting in this Province, or tending to persuade us\\nto adopt the Principles of one side more than another. We\\nfurther beg leave to certify to you that in the whole course of his Lectures on\\nEthics, Government, and Commerce, he never advanced any other Princi-\\nples than what were warranted by our standard authors Grotius, Puffendorf,\\nLocke and Hutcheson, writers whose sentiments are equally opposite to\\nthose wild notions of Liberty, that are inconsistent with all government, and\\nto those pernicious schemes of government which are destructive of true\\nliberty, as a sufficient proof of which we now lay our notes of\\nthe Lectures which he delivered upon the several Branches of Morality\\nbefore the Trustees and any other persons willing to inspect the same.\\nAt a meeting held on 13 July with the same members\\nexcept Messrs. Coleman and Syng, and adding Messrs. Turner,\\nCadwalader and Mifflin, the committee presented their report,\\nwhich being several times read and considered the Trustees\\nwere unanimously of opinion with the Committee on the\\nseveral Matters reported by them, approved and agreed to their\\nReport. In the course of this the Committee say\\nWe have likewise at the request of the Trustees examined and inquired\\ninto the conduct of the Rev d Mr Smith and do report that during his\\nemployment in his present Station as Provost of the said College and\\nAcademy, it has been becoming and satisfactory to us his application, his\\nabilities and Labours in the instruction of his Pupils have been attended\\nwith good success and approved by the Trustees and Audience, at the\\nlate public examination of the senior Philosophy class, who are now recom-\\nmended for admission to their first Degree. From these facts\\nand our own personal knowledge of Mr Smith we are of opinion that he has\\ndischarged his Trust as a capable Professor and an honest man, and that\\nhe has given sufficient evidence of the goodness of his Principles.\\nThe action of the Trustees was accepted as his final dis-\\ncharge from the burden of these public insinuations, and an\\nexoneration from all alleged injury to the institutions by his", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "274 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\npolitical course. Their Committee s report they desired pub-\\nhshed in the Pemisylva7iia Gazette, which offered a wider pub-\\nhcity than that afforded by iht Journal, though as it was known\\nas Franklin s paper, its columns were rather on that account\\nsought for personal reasons. Franklin was absent from the\\nthe city, but David Hall the publisher returned a reply declin-\\ning an insertion, and this was a further cause of offence against\\nthe proprietor of the Gazette. This suspicion was not warranted,\\nhowever, and importance only is attached to Hall s letter from\\nthe fact that the Trustees at their meeting of lO August thought\\nit merited a full insertion in their minutes. Mr. Hall said in his\\nletter of 15 July\\nbut as these insinuations were not published in our paper, and as it has\\nsome relation to the party disputes that have for some time subsisted, which\\nwe have carefully avoided having any concern with, I cannot but think it\\nmore proper to publish this by the same channel, through which the Dis-\\nputes have hitherto been carried on, on both sides; especially as in all\\nprobability there will be some answer or remarks offered upon it which we\\nshould be under a necessity of publishing, if we printed this, and be\\nthereby engaged in an affair, which we have all along been endeavoring to\\navoid. I therefore return it to you in time, that it may be published in the\\nother paper, if thought proper.\\nThis referred to Bradford s Journal, in which, however, it\\ndid not make an appearance. If the report made to the Trustees\\nwas offered to Bradford for publication after this refusal by the\\nGazette, and declined by him also, the reason must have been\\nfrom a like desire to avoid further controversy on the subject.\\nThis declination was in consonance with the general course\\nof Franklin s Gazette, and to have printed the Trustees finding\\nwould have been a departure from it. The principles of the\\npaper in this regard were enumerated in the issue of 8 Janu-\\nary preceding in Franklin s words, which form a sound example\\nfor the guidance of the partisan press of to-day\\nWhereas the Publick has been lately informed, that various seditious\\nand inflamijig Papers have been published in this Province containing abus-\\nive Reflections, tnanifestty tendiftg to propagate Dissetisioft, c., which\\nseems (tho perhaps undesignedly) to throw a general Reflection on all the\\nPrinters in the Province; and as the Publishers of this Gazette think they", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 275\\ndeserve no share of that Blame, having, for a course of years, carefully-\\navoided publishing any Thing of that kind in their Paper; they therefore\\ndesire, that Papers of such a Tendency may not be offered to their Press\\nfor the future; for if they are, they will (as they have hitherto been) be\\nabsolutely rejected, without any regard to the Author or Authors of them.\\nBut, on the contrary, if any Pieces of a healing Nature are sent us, with\\na view of doing away our late unhappy Differences, and of extirpating that\\ncruel Spirit of Party Rage, which has so long torn us to Pieces; and which\\nmay be a Means under Divine Providence of uniting us together as one\\nMan in the Defence of our bleeding country, that is daily ravaged by a\\nSavage enemy, supported by a treacherous one; such Pieces shall be most\\nthankfully received and immediately made publick, by the Proprietors of\\nthis News-Paper.\\nXXXIX.\\nFrom this picture it is pleasant to turn to another sphere\\nof action in which WiUiam Smith found time to engage,\\none more congenial to his academy connections, and this was\\nthe work of the Society for the Education of Germans in\\nAmerica.^ Before he left London on his return to America in\\nthe Spring of 1754, he had been in communication with gentle-\\nmen who had associated themselves to secure more education to\\nthe ignorant German emigrants to Pennsylvania, and prevent\\ntheir being led away by French persuasions from British inter-\\nests, and that they may become better subjects to the British\\ngovernment and more useful to the Colonies, where Providence\\nhas now fixed their habitation. On their behalf the Rev.\\nSamuel Chandler, their Secretary, addressed a letter to Gover-\\nnor Hamilton, Chief Justice Allen, Secretary Peters, Postmaster\\nGeneral Franklin, Conrad Weiser, Interpreter, and Rev. William\\nSmith, which the latter bore with him, appointing these gentle-\\nmen their Trustees. Mr. Smith wrote to Mr. Chandler, in a\\nweek after his arrival in Philadelphia, conveying the assurance\\nof these gentlemen of how sensible they were of the honor done\\n1 Smith, i. 40.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "276 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nthem by the Society, and that they will decline no labor in the\\nexecution of their important trust, adding\\nWe think the scheme you have engaged in for the instruction of these\\npoor foreigners, and blend them with ourselves in the most inestimable\\nprivileges and interests, is one of the most generous and most useful that\\never engaged the attention even of Britons. But Mess Peters and Frank-\\nlin are to be sent out on Monday next as commissioners from this Province\\nto the general treaty, to be held with the Five Nations at Albany in New\\nYork, on the 14th of next month; we cannot, therefore, do anything in the\\nbusiness you so generously commend to us until their return, especially as\\nMr. Weiser attends them.\\nAt their first meeting,^ 10 August, 1754, held at the house\\nof the Chief Justice at Mount Airy, Messrs. Hamilton, Peters,\\nFranklin, and Smith being present, they resolved that an Eng-\\nlish school be erected and opened with all possible expedition\\nat each of the following places, viz at Reading, York, Easton,\\nLancaster, Hanover, and Skippack. As there early arose\\nthe difficulty of finding proper Schoolmasters skilled in both languages\\ncoming next under consideration, Mr. Smith informed his co-trustees that\\nthere were several poor children in the Academy that spoke English and\\nGerman, who might in a few years be qualified to serve as schoolmasters.\\nFranklin presented and read a letter to him from the Rev.\\nHenry Muhlenberg in which\\nhe rejoiced much in hearing an illustrious society at home had undertaken\\nto carry on a scheme for promoting the knowledge of God among the\\nGermans in Pennsylvania, and for making them loyal subjects to the sacred\\nProtestant throne of Great Britain, and that he was pleased that the man-\\nagement of the said charity was intrusted to such important persons but,\\nas by long experience he was acquainted with almost all the corners of\\nPennsylvania, and with the temper and circumstances of his countrymen,\\nhe much feared some ill-minded persons would strive to defeat so just and\\nnoble a view. Mr. Sauer who printed a German newspaper,\\nwhich was universally read by the Germans all over Pennsylvania and the\\nneighboring colonies, made haste to prejudice them against the scheme.\\nIt was resolved to purchase a German printing-house, to\\ncounteract this influence and\\nMr Franklin said that a few days before a printer of good character, well\\n2 Smith, i. 64.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 277\\nskilled in English and German, had applied to him to purchase his\\nGerman printing house, but that if the trustees thought it best to have the\\npress under their own direction, he would endeavor to engage the printer\\nin their service, both as a schoolmaster and printer, and in order to encour-\\nage so useful a work, he would dispose of his press to the trustees at ^25.\\nless than any two impartial judges would value it at. [This was agreed to,\\nand Mr. Smith was appointed Secretary] to keep a record of the proceed-\\nings of the Trustees, so that copies of them might from time to time be\\ntransmitted to the Society in London and to the proprietaries.\\nAt a meeting on 23 August held at the Governor s House\\nat Bush Hill, local or deputy trustees were elected for each of\\nthe six places already named and the question arising whether\\none Calvinist and one Lutheran minister should not be joined\\nwith each set of deputy trustees, Mr Weiser observed that\\nso great was the jealousy of the people at present against the clergy in\\ngeneral, that such a measure at first might be a hindrance to the scheme,\\nespecially as these jealousies are daily fomented, as was further confirmed\\nby different articles which he called attention to in Mr Sauer s paper.\\nMr. Smith s correspondence in the work of this Society is\\nvery entertaining, and affords a view of the apprehension gener-\\nally felt by the loyal and educated Englishmen of the increase\\nof the German population, who, with an alien language portended\\ntrouble to the unity of English rule in Pennsylvania. He writes\\nto the Archbishop of Canterbury 19 October, 1754.^\\nAs the French are|daily encroaching behind us, and taking possession\\nof the vast fruitful country upon the Ohio, they will be able to offer our\\nGermans easy settlements, which these last will accept of, as they are an\\nignorant people that know no difference between French and English gov-\\nernment, being wanton with liberty, uninstructed in the use of it, and\\nplacing all happiness in possessing a large piece of land. The Indians\\nare going over to the French in these parts, because the latter, having\\npossession by means of their forts, can protect them and whenever they\\ncome a little nearer, the Germans will submit and go over also for protec-\\ntion, caring for nothing but to keep possession of the estates they have\\nsettled.\\nMr. Smith prepared A Brief History of the Rise and Prog-\\nress of the Scheme carrying on for the Instruction of Poor Ger-\\n3 Smith, i. 86.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "278 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nmans and their Descendants, which was approved of at a meet-\\ning on 10 December, 1754, and fifteen hundred copies ordered\\nto be printed in English and Dutch. The work went on and\\nin February, 1755, they commissioned the Rev. Mr. Schlatter* to\\ntake a journey through the several parts of the Province and\\nvisit the schools already formed, and try to counteract the\\nopposition which yet remained to this benevolent plan, and seek\\nmore openings for the furtherance of the objects of the Society.\\nBut Christopher Sauer mistrusted its aims and fanned the oppo-\\nsition into life. He wrote to a friend 6 September, 1755\\nI have been thinking since you wrote to me whether it is really true\\nthat Gilbert Tennent, Schlatter, Peters, Hamilton, Allen, Turner, Schippin,\\nSchmitt, Franklin, Muhlenberg, Brumholz, Handschuh, c, have the\\nslightest care for a real conversion of the ignorant portion of the Germans\\nin Pennsylvania, or whether the institution of free schools is not rather the\\nfoundation to bring the country into servitude, so that each of them may\\nlook for and have his own private interest and advantage.^ Concerning\\nHamilton, Peters, Allen, Turner, Schippin, and Franklin, I know that they\\ncare very little about religion, nor do they care for the cultivation of mind\\nof the Germans, except that they should form the militia, and defend their\\nproperties. Such people do not know what it is to have faith and confi-\\ndence in God; but they are mortified that they cannot compel others to\\nprotect their goods.\\nThe Society bought Franklin s press on his terms and\\nSmith writes Mr. Chandler 30 October, 1755\\nThe German newspaper succeeded well; there being upwards of 400\\nsubscribers, and more daily coming in, the paper may do more\\ngood to the design than several sc hools, because the Director has express\\norders not to meddle with any of the disputes in this province, but to strive\\nin every paper to say something to improve and better his countrymen and\\nto confirm them in the Love and Knowledge of the Protestant Religion and\\nCivil Liberty. There are also 3000 Dutch almanacs for 1756 printed.\\nThis was a noble work, in which William Smith appeared\\nto have had the laboring oar, exhibiting at once his faith, his\\npatriotism and his philanthropy. When we consider this, with all\\nits correspondence and perhaps controversy, was added to his\\nfirst busy year at the Academy which had now become a College\\nSmith, i. 92. Ibid, i. 95. Ibid, i. 96.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 279\\nwith him as its Provost, together with his by-play of local\\npolitics, we can form some realization of his great energy and\\nkeen intelligence, shunning no work, accepting in the warmth\\nof youth all those duties which an active and willing man always\\ndraws to himself, and performing them with singular zeal and\\ntenacity.\\nIn the height of the Roberdeau controversy, occurred the\\npublic fast, appointed by the Government of Pennsylvania, for\\n2 May 1756; and Mr. Smith preached at Bristol,^ Pennsylvania,\\none of his published Discourses, taking as his text certain verses\\nfrom Jeremiah viii. In his introduction he acquaints the reader\\nthat the discourse was delivered when the Province was groaning\\nunder all that load of misery, which was the consequence of\\nBraddock s Defeat and the inroads of the French and Savages on\\nour distressed and helpless Frontiers, and any apology for the\\nmatter or manner of it would be needless. In it he eloquently\\ndescribes the visitations of Providence, which brought from the\\nAuthorities the call for a Fast.\\nWithin the short period of one year, how many marks of God s\\ndealing with us have we seen Not to mention excessive droughts, earth-\\nquakes and other omens of his wrath, the troops sent to our protection\\nhave been most miserably defeated, and such scenes of barbarity, sorrow\\nand desolation have ensued, as human nature shudders to recount, and\\nhistory can scarce parallel. Yet what have we profited by all\\nthis Has it brought our civil discords to an end or has it\\neradicated those absurd principles of government that have brought our\\ncountry to the brink of ruin Have we not many who have\\nmade it their business to restrain the ardor of God s people in their\\nrighteous cause to tie up the hands of the king s best subjects in the\\nhour of extremest danger, and cry. Peace, peace, when there is no peace\\nThese political references were not misunderstood at the time.\\nDuring the year prior to this, William Smith had written\\na pamphlet entitled A Brief State of the Province of Pennsyl-\\nvania ifi a letter from a gentleman who has resided\\nmany years in Pennsylvania to his friend in London in which the\\nDiscourses, London 1759, p. 62. This is the only edition naming the place\\nof preaching. This was afterwards preached with small variation at German-\\ntown on the Public Fast in July 1757. ibid, p. 61.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "28o History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nconduct of their assemblies is impartially examined, and which\\npassed through three editions in London. This was charged\\nwith being written with a view to render the Quakers of Penn-\\nsylvania and their Government obnoxious to the British Par-\\nliament and Ministry. And Smith wrote a second letter\\nentitled A Brief View of the Co?iduct of Pennsylvania for the\\nyear IJSS Interspersed with several interesting anec-\\ndotes and original papers relating to the politics and principles of\\nof the people called Quakers, which was published in London in\\n1756.^ In his first letter, Smith affords us some interesting\\nfigures of the population of the Province\\nthat the inhabitants were to be computed to be two hundred and twenty\\nthousand one third Germans, two fifths Quakers, more than one fifth\\nPresbyterians, and some few Baptists. One fourth of the Germans were\\nRoman Catholics. [He] suggested that Christopher Sauer was a popish\\nemissary, in the pay of the Quakers.\\nAnd the consequence of Sauer s influence was that the Ger-\\nmans voted with the Quakers, were under the control of that\\nparty, and always voted to keep them in power. And he\\nrecommended\\nto suspend the right of voting for members of the Assembly from the\\nGermans until they have sufficient knowledge of our language and consti-\\ntution and to make all bonds, wills and other legal contracts, void,\\nunless in the English tongue that no newspapers, almanacs, or periodi-\\ncal paper, by whatsoever name it may be called, be printed or circulated\\nin foreign language or, at least, if allowed, with a just and fair English\\nversion of such foreign language printed in one column df the same page\\nor pages, along with the said foreign language.\\nAnd yet we have found him pursuing, in response to Franklin s\\nwise suggestion, the better course in the Society for the educa-\\ntion of the Germans of meeting the redoubtable Christopher\\nSauer with his own weapons, and employing a German press\\nto circulate its publications among those (dreaded foreigners\\nSmith, i. 122, 123.\\nThe Pennsylvania yoiirnal of 27 May, 1756, announces this, Being a\\nSequel to a Late well known Pamphlet Intitled a Brief State of Pennsylvania.\\nJust published in London and to be sold by William Bradford, price 2/6. The\\nGazette of the followins; week has a like advertisement.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 281\\nwhose assumed power for evil was deemed subversive of all that\\nwas English in Government or religion overlooking the force\\nof a natural sympathy binding the quiet German, intent only\\nin his home life and freedom from state ambition, to the peace\\nloving Quaker who might be the better legislator for his in-\\nterests. It is difficult for us of to-day, who are reaping the fruits\\nof the inherent strength of our own mother tongue, to realize\\nthe apprehension of our colonists at the predominating influence\\nof German language and politics.\\nXL.\\nThe life of the young College and Academy would not re-\\nceive full illustration without a proper understanding at this\\nperiod of the activities of its young Provost for it could not be\\notherwise than that his instant zeal ecclesiastically, politically, and\\nphilanthropically should reflect some publicity upon, and secure\\nsome influence for, the noble school which he was now with\\nequal zeal extending and strengthening. One thing is quite as-\\nsurred, that the College was kept well before the eyes of the\\ncommunity, and if publicity would bring success it was bound\\nto attain it. But however this may be, these influences were\\nnot all salutary, for seeds were now sown which brought forth\\nsuch malevolent fruit in 1779, and it is difficult to conceive his\\ngiving in the exitements of the day that constant and complete\\nattention to the furtherance of his curriculum, which it and the\\ninstitution it served might seem to require.\\nThe first commencement was hoped for in the Spring of\\n1756. In the Gazette of 29 April, 1756, it is noticed On\\nFriday se ennight at Ten o clock in the Morning, the public\\nExaminations of Candidates for Degrees in the College of Phil-\\nadelphia will be begun in the Public Hall, and continued that", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "282 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nDay and the Day following. No reference to this finds place\\nin the Trustees proceedings, and it was probably deemed better\\nto await conferring the first degrees of the College, until after the\\naspirants had some training in the Scheme of liberal Education\\nwhich the Provost had about this time submitted for the appro-\\nbation of the Board. At their meeting of 27 December, 1756,\\nit was ordered that an exact Catalogue of the Youth at present\\nin each of the Schools be prepared by the Clerk and presented\\nto the Trustees at the next meeting, which was submitted and\\nwe find it inserted in the Minute Book by order of the Trus-\\ntees at the meeting of 5 March, 1757. Those who had now\\nearned their Degrees are not included. The Philosophy school\\nhad twelve pupils, the Latin, sixty, the Mathematical twenty-\\ntwo and the English thirty-one. This first roll of students is\\nworthy of recording here as we find the names entered in due\\norder on the minute book.\\nThe following List of the Youth belonging to the College and Acad-\\nemy of Philadelphia is inserted in the Minute Book by Order of the\\nTrustees.\\nPhilosophy School.\\nsenior class. junior class.\\nJohn Allen Samuel Keene\\nAndrew Allen John Chew\\nJames Allen Philemon Dickinson\\nJoseph Reade Alexander Lawson\\nJohn Morris William Paid [Paca\\nSamuel Powell\\nAbraham Walton\\nLatin School.\\nBenjamin Baynton James Murray\\nThomas Bond Samuel Morris\\nJohn Cadwalader William Greenway\\nLambert Cadwalader Tench Tilghman\\nThomas Mifflin Joel Evans\\nLindsay Coates\\nRobeson Yorke John Luke", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 285,\\nJohn Stevens\\nAlexander Wilcox [Wilcocks\\nWilliam Gibbes\\nRichard Peters\\nJames Cruikshank\\nWilliam Kinnersley\\nHugh Hughes\\nMark Grime\\nJohn Searle M Call\\nAndrew Hamilton\\nWilliam Hamilton\\nJasper Yeates\\nHenry Darler\\nJohn Neilson\\nGeorge Thomson\\nJohn Murgatroyd\\nSamuel Inglis\\nThomas Lawrence\\nSamuel Nicholas\\nPerry Frazier Child\\nRobert Strettell Jones\\nJohn Okill\\nJohn Diemer\\nHenry Elves\\nFrancis More\\nBenjamin Alison\\nAnthony Morris\\nJohn Johnson\\nThomas Coombe.\\nThomas Hopkinson\\nJames Huston\\nGeorge Rundle\\nGeorge Davis\\nWilliam White\\nThomas Murgatroyd\\nJames Sayer\\nJohn Johnson\\nJohn Bennezett [Benezetj?]\\nEdward Welch\\nJohn Ord\\nWilliam Davis\\nWilliam Hockley\\nJohn Reade\\nSamuel Correy\\nGeorge Ogle\\nPhilip Francis\\nAmos Denormandie [Andrew^PJj\\nMathematical School.\\nNathan Comitage\\nHenry Benbrige\\nJames Cools [Coutts\\nJohn Dunbavin\\nGeorge Emlen\\nNathaniel Evans\\nJames Gorrel\\nJohn Jepson\\nJohn Inglis\\nCharles Knight\\nThomas Maybury\\nAndrew Bell\\nJames Bingham\\nJohn Bingham\\nCornelius O Bryan.\\nCharles Pratt\\nThomas Pratt\\nThomas Plumsted\\nThomas Philips\\nSamuel Penrose\\nJohn Sharpe\\nJohn Wilcocks\\nJohn Yeates\\nAndrew Yorke\\nWilliam Karst\\nEnglish School.\\nPhineas Bond\\nJoseph Conyers\\nJohn Deering", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "284\\nHistory of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nRichard Duncan\\nGeorge Gostelowe\\nHenry Kepley [Keppele\\nMatthew Jackson\\nJoseph M Ilvaine\\nWilliam M Ilvaine\\nWilliam Merrifield\\nGeorge Morgan\\nRobert Montgomery\\nLindley Murray\\nWilliam Rush\\nSamuel Smith\\nGillis Sharpe\\nJoseph Syng\\nJohn White Swift\\nThomas Tresse\\nJohn Wooden\\nThomas Moore\\nThomas Woodcock\\nJohn Fullerton\\nAlexander Fullerton\\nWilliam Falkner\\nJohn Knox\\nJohn Montour\\nRichard Stanley\\nXLI.\\nBut in the midst of preparations for the long looked-for first\\nCommencement, the Provost s eloquence as a preacher brought\\nto him an invitation for another of his special sermons from\\nColonel Stanwix who was about starting with the forces under\\nhis command to the Frontiers/ The Colonel and his command\\nattended in Christ Church on 5 April, 1757, when William Smith\\npreached his Discourse on The Christian Soldier s Duty the\\nLawfulness and Dignity of his Office and the Importance of the\\nProtestant Cause in the British Colonies, from St. Lukeiii. 14.\\nsuch are the words which were recommended to me on the sub-\\nject of this discourse. It is an able argument on behalf of the\\nChristian Soldier s Duty, and an eloquent plea for the rightful-\\nness of human warfare under circumstances of defense and op-\\npression, and one which the necessities of the colony at the time\\nOn Tuesday last the first Battalion of the Royal American Regiment marched\\nin their several Companies to Christ Church in this city where, after Prayers by the\\nRev. Dr. Jenny, a sermon was preached to them by the Rev. Mr. Smith, Provost of the\\nCollege, at the request of their officers. As the subject was important, there was a\\nvery solemn attention in all present and the Colonel has requested that the sermon\\nmay be published, wliich will be done with all possible Expedition. Fenn. Gazette,\\n7 April, 1757.\\nDiscourses, London 1759, p. 97.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 285\\ndemanded, I will pronounce it, he says before Heaven\\nand Earth, that from the days of our Alfreds, our Edwards, and\\nHenries downward, the British sword was never unsheathed in a\\nmore glorious cause than at present.\\nThe next public occasion in Avhich we find William Smith a\\nparticipant was upon the arrival in the province of William\\nDenny, the Lieutenant Governor, as successor of Governor Mor-\\nris, from whom the College obtained its charter. The welcome\\naccorded to Denny was warm on all sides, only equalled in its\\nforce by the disappointment soon caused by the failure of his\\nadministration, in which came to an issue the contentions\\nbetween the Proprietaries whom he represented and the Assem-\\nbly, and which in a few short months produced that mission to\\nEngland in which Benjamin Franklin and Isaac Norris were dele-\\ngated to bear the plaints of the Assembly to the King. Governor\\nDenny arrived in Philadelphia 2 1 August, 1756, and was greeted\\nwith sundry addresses from various bodies of citizens, Franklin\\npresenting him with an address as Colonel of the Regiment and\\nArtillery Company of the City of Philadelphia, and with one in\\nbehalf of the Hospital. William Smith presented\\nthe humble address of the Provost, Vice Provost, and Professors of the\\nCollege and Academy of Philadelphia. Permit us to recom-\\nmend the Seminary of Learning under our care to your Honour s Protec-\\ntion, hoping, that you will condescend to grant the same Countenance to it,\\nand to us, which, on all occasions, we have been honoured with from your\\ntwo worthy Predecessors in the Government by which means, and the\\nfatherly care of the Trustees, its Founders, this Institution, thro the Bless-\\ning of God, has arrived to a very great Degree of Perfection altho it has\\nhitherto been carried on under many Disadvantages and in Times that have\\nbeen far from auspicious to the Muses or the softer Arts of Peace.\\nTo which the Governor happily said in his response\\nAs a proper Education contributes greatly to the Advantage of Man-\\nkind, you may, on all occasions, rely on my Countenance and Protection\\nand be assured that I shall think myself happy, in promoting and encour-\\naging so laudable an institution.\\n^Pennsylvania Gazette, 26 August, 2 and 9 September, 1 756.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "286 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXLII.\\nAt the meeting of the Trustees held on 12 April, 1757,\\norder was taken for the first commencement, a programme\\narranged, and the time named. On the 7th of the month the\\nGazette announced that\\nThe Commencement for giving Degrees to the Senior Class of Stu-\\ndents in the College of this City, formerly put off on Account of the Small\\nPox, is now fixed to be on Tuesday the 17th Day of May next which will\\nl3e the first Commencement that has ever been had in this Seminary.\\nAt the meeting of 10 May, the due formality was observed\\nof the Senior Class, Paul Jackson, James Latta, Hugh William-\\nson, Francis Hopkinson, John Morgan, Samuel Magaw and\\nJacob Duche, presenting their humble petition, that\\nhaving gone through our Course of Studies in the Sciences, as professed in\\nthis College, and having performed our public Exercises and been publicly\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0examined as Candidates for Degrees in your Presence, agreeable to Charter,\\ndo now humbly request, that you would be pleased by your written Man-\\ndate to present and recommend us to the Provost, Vice Provost and Pro-\\nfessors for our Admission to such Degree or Degrees as as we are entitled to\\nby, our several Standings and Proficiencies in this Institution, [which] being\\nconsidered and approved, the Trustees accordingly directed the Mandate\\nto be issued.\\nBut as some honorary degrees were in contemplation, two\\nMandates were issued to the Faculty. The first\\ndirecting the Faculty to admit Paul Jackson to the Degree of Master of\\nArts, and Jacob Duche, Francis Hopkinson, Samuel Magaw, Hugh Wil-\\nliamson, James Latta and John Morgan to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts.\\nAnd the second to\\nadmit Ebenezer Kinnersley Professor of English and Oratory in the\\nAcademy and Theophilus Grew Professor of Mathematics to the Honorary\\nDegree of Master of Arts and Josiah Martin, now Student at the Temple,\\na youth of promising Genius who had finished the requisite Course of\\nStudies in order to the Degree of Bachelor in the Senior Philosophy Class\\nof this College, and Solomon Southwick of Rhode Island, who without the\\nHe died in the Island of Antigua in June, 1762, and Hopkinson wrote an\\nElegy on his former classmate. Essays and Occasional Writings^ iii. 70.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 287\\nusual Foundation of critical Learning and Languages discovered an apt-\\nness worthy of Encouragement in Mathematics and some Branches of\\nPhilosophy, to the honorary Degree of Bachelor of Arts\\nThe programme for the Commencement was announced in\\nthe Gazette on 12 May, 1757, and was as follows\\nA Plan of the Commencement to be held here on Tuesday next,\\nin the College and Academy Hall.\\nPrayers by the Rev. Mr. Peters.\\nA Sermon adapted to the Occasion by the Provost.\\nA Salutatory Oration by Mr. Jackson. And\\nA Thesis to be defended. This closes the forenoon.\\nIn the afternoon.\\nThree other Theses to be defended.\\nThen the Degrees are to be conferred.\\nSome Orations are to be spoken by some of the Students who have\\nbeen admitted to Degrees and a Valedictory Oration to be spoken by Mr.\\nJacob Duche.\\nN. B. To avoid Confusion, the Gallery Door will be opened at Half\\nan Hour past Nine, and the Business of the Day will begin precisely at\\nTen in the forenoon, and at Three in the afternoon.\\nWe can imagine the interest of the occasion to all who\\nwere concerned in it, and which enabled the friends of the insti-\\ntution to attend what was practically an All-day Commence-\\nment. Such however was the custom of the period, and it\\nlived in some of the American Colleges into the times of the\\npresent generation. The Trustees saw the crowning of their\\neight years effort in the public graduation of their first class\\nthe Provost and the Faculty the successful issue of their Liberal\\nplan of Education in fitting their young men for the Com-\\nmencement of their matured lives and the young men them-\\nselves were impressed with the dignity and responsibility of\\nbeing the first to earn the honors of their Alma Mater, and they\\nwere men who each of them in his life of usefulness attained\\nsuch eminence and displayed such worth, as to have united in\\nmaking their class not only the first in the history of the insti-\\ntution but unexcelled in point of average distinction and renown\\nby any of its successors.\\nThe Minutes afford us no record of this day s festivities,\\nnor does the Gazette make any reference to the proceedings, as", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "288 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nin some subsequent Commencements. The Trustees were\\npresent with but one notable exception, for Benjamin Franklin\\nhad sailed a month before on his mission to England represent-\\ning the Assembly s complaint on the subject of the Proprietaries\\nclaims. Dr. Peters was announced to open the services with\\nPra}^er, but he had not been present at the meeting of 12 May\\nnor does his signature appear on the Mandates. The Provost s\\nsermon was from the text Psalm ii. 8, On the Planting the\\nSciences in America, and the Propagation of Christ s Gospel\\nover the untutored Parts of the Earth, and is the Fifth in the\\nDiscourses of 1759.^ This eloquent Sermon we have already\\ndrawn upon for the Provost s explanation of the term Philoso-\\nphy as applied in his Curriculum. He sets out with two propo-\\nsitions\\nFirst to observe to you that the propagation of Science (thro the\\nestablishment of seminaries of Learning on this continent) will probably\\nbe the most effectual human means of accomplishing so glorious an end\\n[the conversion of the heathen].\\nSecondly, in this view of things and surely I can find none higher\\nto bespeak your continued favor and protection of this infant Seminary. [And\\nlater, proceeds in his argument Having shewn the subserviency of Human\\nScience to the advancement of Christianity, and that the plan of education,\\npursued in this Seminary, cannot fail, thro Divine grace, to be a means of\\nspreading a thirst for heavenly wisdom what need I add more, to bespeak\\nyour continued favour and protection of it? Surely it cannot be indifferent\\nto you, whether the knowledge of Christ and his blessed Gospel shall be\\nspread over this continent, or not Surely it cannot be indifferent to you,\\nwhether your own children should be bred up in ignorance; or whether\\nthey shall shine in every moral excellence, the glory of their country and\\na light to the world around them You must know the relation in which\\nyou stand to them, and the account which you will one day be required to\\ngive of their tender years.\\nOh then, in the first place, I beseech you, let their minds be sea-\\nsoned with useful knowledge, and cherish this infant Seminary for their\\nbenefit, and the benefit of millions that are to come after them. For what-\\never business you may design them, the education they will receive here\\nwill not only prepare them for that, but also for a life of general virtue.\\nIt is printed as Part II of the Sixth in the Discourses of 1762; but does not\\nappear as such in the Works oi l^o It may here be noted that the quotations\\nwhich follow are taken from the copy of the Discourses of 1759 owned by Dr.\\nFrankhn.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 289\\nIf you intend them for the noble Profession of the Law, to be the\\nprotectors of the innocent and the advocates of justice; the best foundation\\nwill be a love of humanity, and such a knowledge of the laws of nature\\nand general rights of mankind as they will obtain here. If for the service\\nof the state, the same will hold good. The man best acquainted in the\\nnature of civil government, the just bounds of authority and submission,\\nand the universal principles of equity and virtue, will always be the ablest\\nPolitician and firmest Patriot. Again, if they are to follow the healing art\\nof Physic, the knowledge of mathematics and the various branches of\\nNatural Philosophy, will be the best introduction. If proposed for the\\nMinistry of the blessed Gospel, it has been already observed that every\\nhuman science ought to lend its aid, and kindle a love of wisdom.\\nIf other arguments were necessary to induce you to the cultivation of\\nknowledge and the support of this Institution, I might display to you the\\nwonderful -change which the Sciences have produced in the state of every\\ncountry, where they have been received. Tho they have not been able\\nwholly to eradicate tyranny, yet they have always crushed and mitigated t\\ninfluence; inspiring humanity, love of moral excellency, and every softer\\nvirtue.\\nBut why should I bring instances from other countries, when one of\\nthe most illustrious is before our eyes This pohshed and flourishing city\\nWhat was it fourscore years ago Even its foundations were not then laid;\\nand in their place was one depth of gloomy wilderness This very spot,\\nthis Seat of the Muses where I have now the honour to stand, preaching\\nthe Gospel of Jesus, surrounded with men excelling in every valuable\\naccomplishment, and youth rising after their great example had I seen it\\nthen, what should I have found it A spot rank with weeds perhaps, or\\nthe obscure retreat of some lawless and gloomy savage.\\nO glorious change O happy day that now beholds the Sciences\\nplanted where barbarity was before that now sees this Institution at length\\nbrought to such perfection, as to extend the Laurel to her first worthy sons!\\nhow ought such advancements in knowledge; to rejoice every heart among\\nus, but especially you the founders and patrons of this excellent Seminary,\\nwho now begin to taste some of the chief fruits of your pious labors.\\nThis sermon affords us some insight into the display of\\nrehgious influences in the College\\nTho its wide and generous foundation allows equal indulgence to\\nProtestant denominations of all sorts, without adopting the particular\\nmodes of any yet there is not a greater regard paid to religion, pure\\nevangeUcal religion, in any seminary in the world than here.\\nWe have forms of prayer, peculiarly well adapted to our own cir-\\ncumstances, twice every day and the morning is always begun with read-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "290 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ning some portion of the holy scriptures all which is done before the whole\\nyouth assembled. And when they have arrived at their highest progress\\nin Philosophy and Science, we are far from instructing them to think that\\ntheir education is finished. On the contrary, we strive to shew them the\\nconnexion between the precepts of sound reason and the morality of the\\nGospel and teach them that, when Human Science has done its utmost,\\nit is from this last source that they must complete their knowledge and\\ndraw superior wisdom. Nor do we now find our labors difficult in this\\nrespect. For such an acquaintance with the Sciences, as is mentioned\\nabove, is so far from damping the ardor of religious knowledge, that it is\\ninflamed more and more thereby which is one convincing argument of\\nthe strong and immediate connexion between them.\\nWe are not, then, surprised, when of the seven graduates\\non this occasion, we see four of them entering the .ministry,\\nDuche and Magaw, of the Church of England, and Wilhamson\\nand Latta of the Presbyterians.\\nFor the second part of the Commencement exercises, the\\nProvost reserved his Charge, Delivered in the Afternoon of\\nthe same Day, to the Candidates who obtained their Degrees,\\nwhich he opens with a reference to their freedom from the\\nUniversity tests of the old country\\nYou now appear as candidates for the first honors of this institution.\\nThe free spirit that it breathes permits us not to bind you to us by the\\nordinary ties of oaths and promises Instead thereof, we would rely on\\nthose principles of virtue and goodness which we have endeavored to cul-\\ntivate. You are now about to step into life, and embark in all\\nits busy scenes. It is fit, then, that you should make a pause a solemn\\npause at its portal, and consider well what is expected from you, and\\nhow you are prepared to perform it. Let no part if your future\\nconduct disgrace the lessons you have received, or disappoint the hopes\\nyou have so justly raised Consider yourselves, from this day, as distin-\\nguished above the vulgar, and called upon to act a more important part in\\nlife strive to shine forth in every species of moral excellence, and to\\nsupport the character and dignity of beings formed for endless duration\\nThe christian world stands much in need of inflexible patterns of integrity\\nand public virtue and no part of it more so than the land you inhabit.\\nIf, then, you regard the credit of this institution, which will\\ntravail in concern for you, till you are formed into useful men if you\\nregard your own credit, and the credit of the many succeeding setts of\\nyouth, who may be hied to glory by your example let your conduct in\\nthe world be such, at least, as to deserve the applause of the wiser and the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 291\\nbetter part of it. Remember you are the first wlio have received the\\nhonors of this Seminary. Think, then, what pain it would give us,\\nshould we be disappointed in you, our first and most hopeful sons.\\nThis forms an admirable Chapter of Counsel, suitable for all\\nclasses and conditions of Youth, and for all times, and is made\\nimpressive by the earnestness of youth with its sense of respon-\\nsibility, for it must be remembered that William Smith had not\\nyet attained his thirtieth birthday. And closing with fervor, he\\nadapted the words Polonius gave to Laertes to this occasion.\\nFarewell my blessing season this in you.\\nThis Charge was printed by Franklin and Hall in pamphlet\\nform, which included also Paul Jackson s Latin Salutatory. In\\nhis preface, the Provost says\\nWhether the Partiality of Private Friendship has made the Author\\nof the following charge too Sanguine in favor of the young gentlemen to\\nwhom it was delivered. Time will best show. -s other specimens\\nmight also be produced, which would redound greatly to the credit of the\\nother young gentlemen, were anything further necessary than the ample\\nTestimony they have already received from an institution which tis hoped\\nwill never prostitute its Honours to the Undeserving.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "292 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nXLIII.\\nBut William Smith was not too Sanguine in favour of\\nthe young gentlemen, who formed the first graduating class\\nand which proved such an exemplar to its successors. Their\\nindividual merits, and the peculiar circumstances which made\\nthem the first children of this Alma Mater, call for some notice\\nhere before we proceed further in our narrative,\\nPaul Jackson, who was of Scotch-Irish descent the son of\\nSamuel Jackson of Oxford, Chester County, who died in 1768,\\nproceeded at once to the degree of Master of Arts, the first\\npossessor of it on the University roll, became a Tutor in the\\nAcademy in April, 1752, and on 13 April, 1756, was appointed\\nthe Professor of Languages, and though thus a member of the\\nFaculty became an alumnus with the Master s degree. To him\\nwas accorded, as we have seen, the honor of the Latin Saluta-\\ntory at the Commencement. But within two years time his\\nhealth began to fail, and at the meeting of the Trustees, 9 May,\\n1758, it was voted that Professor Jackson, for sometime past,\\nhaving found himself consumptive, requested of the Trustees\\nhis Discharge from the care of the Latin School, and their\\nInterest with the Governor to obtain for him a Commission in\\nthe Levies now raising for the Expedition against Fort Duquesne,\\nAt his pressing Instance, they not only consented to his Dis-\\ncharge, but those of the Trustees who were members of the\\nGovernor s Council, recommended him for a Captain s Com-\\nmission, which the Governor conferred on him, and they have\\ntaken it into consideration how his Place shall be supplied\\nwhich was done by the appointment the month following of Mr.\\nJohn Beveridge. When Mr. Coleman desired release from being\\nClerk to the Trustees, Mr. Jackson was appointed 1 1 July,\\n1755, to succeed him much to the regret however of the reader\\nof Mr. Coleman s clerkly and well written Minute. He lived\\nbut ten years after graduation, and he lies buried at St. Paul s,\\nChester, Pa., with the inscription on his stone Here lies Paul", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 293\\nJackson, A. M. he was the first to receive a degree in the\\nCollege of Philadelphia a man of virtue, worth and knowl-\\nedge died 1767, aged 36 years.\\nJacob Duche, jr, was born in Philadelphia in 1737, the son\\nof Col. Jacob Duche, an eminent citizen of that city and a\\nvestryman of Christ Church. We have already known him as\\na pupil of the Academy, where also for fifteen months, from\\nMay 1753 to August 1754, he served as Tutor. In the month\\nof July following his graduation he accompanied Governor\\nDenny as a clerk on his visit to Easton in pursuit of an Indian\\ntreaty, Richard Peters being of the party. Intending to seek\\norders in the Church of England, he crossed the ocean and\\nentered Clare Hall, Cambridge, and was ordained by the Bishop\\nof London ii March, 1759, returned home the following\\nSeptember, and on 11 December was unanimously appointed\\nProfessor of Oratory in the College and Academy, and was\\nmade an Assistant Minister at Christ Church. In 1762 he was\\nagain in England, and received Priest s Orders on 12 September.\\nWhen Dr. Peters resigned in 1775 the Rectorship of Christ\\nChurch, in which he had succeeded Dr. Jenney, Mr. Duche was\\nunanimously chosen Rector of the united churches of Christ\\nChurch and St. Peter s. He was an eloquent preacher, and a\\nfervent reader of the liturgy. His interest in local politics was\\nsecond only to that of his former Provost, and at the outbreak\\nof the Revolution he took part with the patriots, and on 7 Sep-\\ntember, 1774, was called upon to open the Continental Congress,\\nmeeting in Carpenter s Hall, Philadelphia, with prayers, an event\\nLittle is known of his early life except that he was a close student, a deep\\nthinker and a man of great natural ability. He became prominent as a physician,\\nsoldier and linguist, and was Chief Burgess of Chester at the time of his death. He\\nwas made Professor of Languages in the College the year of his graduation, and sub-\\nsequently became one of the most distinguished scholars of the colonies. His Latin\\ncompositions which were published gave him a wide reputation. His studious appli-\\ncation impaired his health, and when General Forbes led the expedition against Fort\\nDuquesne, he was appointed on May ii, T756, captain of the 3rd battalion of the\\nPennsylvania Regiment. The rugged life of a soldier restored his general health,\\nand after the return of his regiment he attended the Royal Hospital. and acquired\\nhis knowledge of medicine. He could not have received a regular degree as there\\nwere none conferred in the Colonies until 1768. Dr. J. L. Forwood in Proceedings\\nDelatuare County Historical Society, 7 May, 1896.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "294 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwhich forms one of the most striking pictures in the march of\\nthe Revokition. Samuel Adams wrote of this to his friend Dr.\\nWarren\\nAs many of our warmest friends are members of the Church of\\nEngland, I thought it prudent, as well as on some other accounts, to move\\nthat the service should be performed by a clergyman of that denomination.\\nAccordingly the lessons of the day and prayer were read by the Reverend\\nDoctor Duche, who afterwards made a most excellent extemporary prayer,\\nby which he discovered himself to be a gentleman of sense and piety, and\\na warm advocate for the religious and civil rights of America.\\nJohn Adams wrote also and warmly of this to his wife\\nIt seemed as if Heaven ordained thatPsahn to be read on that morn-\\ning [Psalm XXXV, being the opening Psalm in the Psalter appointed for\\nthe day of the month]. After this Mr Duche, unexpectedly to everybody,\\nstruck out into an extemporary prayer, which filled the bosom of every\\nman present. Episcopalian as he is, Dr Cooper himself never\\nprayed with such fervor, such ardor, such earnestness and pathos, and in\\nlanguage so elegant and sublime, for America, for the Congress, for the\\nprovince of Massachusetts Bay, and especially the town of Boston.\\nOn II May, 1775, the second Congress meeting in the\\nState House, Mr. Duche again performed Divine Services,\\nfor which he was unanimously voted their thanks. Duche was\\npresent with his Vestry and presided at the meeting at his house^\\non 4 July, 1776, when they requested the Rector and Assistant\\nMinisters of the united churches to omit the petitions in the\\nLiturgy for the King of Great Britain, as inconsistent with the\\naction had by Congress resolving to declare the American\\nColonies to be free and independent States. On 8 July he\\nwas appointed Chaplain to Congress with a direction to attend\\non them every morning at nine o clock, in consideration of\\nhis piety, as well as his uniform and zealous attachment to the\\nrights of America. This he resigned on 17 October.\\nBut when the British entered Philadelphia at the close of\\nthe following year, his heart failed him, and the beautiful picture\\nof his devotion in 1775 and 1776 to his country became pain-\\nfully marred, and was made significant by a weak letter to\\nWashington, which the latter was charitable enough to suppose\\nwas rather dictated by his fears than by his real sentiments.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 295\\nThis man devoted to the duties of his profession, faithful in all\\nsocial relations, of a winning influence in the community, was yet\\nwithout firmness in the hour of his country s trial, for which he\\nhad strange inconsistency offered such fervent prayers to\\nHeaven. His brother-in-law Francis Hopkinson writes him\\nOur intimacy has been of a long duration, even from our early youth;\\nlong and uninterrupted without even a rub in the way; and so long have\\nthe sweetness of your manners and the integrity of your heart fixed my\\naffections.\\nIn December following Duche sailed for England, and his\\nwife and family followed in 1780.\\nIn 1779 Mr. Duche published two volumes of Sermons,\\nand in time he received the appointment as Chaplain of the\\nAsylum in St George s Fields. He sought a return to Phila-\\ndelphia at the close of the war, but it was not encouraged, as\\ntime alone could allay the bitter feelings aroused among his old\\npeople by his course in 1777. Yet when William White went\\nto England for consecration in 1787 he sought out his former\\nRector and Pastor, who was present at Lambeth on 4 February\\nto witness the consecration of White and Provoost, When he\\nreturned finally to Philadelphia, in May, 1792, he was the guest\\nof Bishop White, during which time the latter arranged his visit\\nto President Washington who had been apprised of it and con-\\nsented to it. He died 3 January, 1798, and was buried in St.\\nPeter s churchyard. Of his oratorical powers Bishop White\\nrecords\\nThe next best reader of the Prayers [after Whitefield], within the\\nsphere of the acquaintance of the present writer, was a gentleman already\\nmentioned under the head of preaching, the Rev. Mr. Duche. He was\\nperhaps not inferior to Mr Whitefield in the correctness of his pronuncia-\\ntion. His voice was remarkably sweet; although short of the voice of the\\nother gentleman in the compass of its powers, and especially in modula-\\ntion. Mr Duche was frequently oratorical in his sermons, but never so in\\nthe reading of the prayers; although always read by him with signs of\\nunaffected seriousness and devotion.^\\nComtnentaries Suited to Occasions of Ordination, New York, 1833, p. 183;\\nOn his memorising his sermons, caused by near sightedness, v. p. 169. The only\\nclergyman here known to have derived advantage from memorising his sermons", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "296 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAnd as a tribute to his personal attractions, the Bishop further\\nsays, when speaking of his own consecration\\nThe recollection of the benefit which I had received from his instruc-\\ntions in early life, and a tender sense of the attentions which he had shown\\nme almost from my infancy, together with the impressions left by the har-\\nmony which had subsisted between us in the discharge of our joint pastoral\\nduty in Philadelphia, being no improper accompaniments to the feelings\\nsuited to the present very interesting transaction of my life.^\\nMr. Duche.was the first alumnus to enter the Trusteeship\\nof his College, being elected 10 February, i76i,to fill the\\nvacancy made by Mr. Martin s death. His attendance at the\\nmeetings was constant, and his counsel and influence must have\\nbeen felt, for as pupil, tutor, and professor he was thoroughly\\ninformed as to the needs of the College and was ready at all\\ntimes to further the plans of the Provost. The last meeting he\\nattended was on 28 June, 1777 from that date to 25 Septem-\\nber, 1778, there were no regular meetings of the Board on\\naccount of the State of public affairs, nor any Minutes taken\\nas the city was then in possession of the British army.\\nFrancis Hopkinson was born Philadelphia on 21 September\\n(o. s.), 1737, the son of Thomas Hopkinson, a Trustee of the Col-\\nlege and Academy, a sketch of whose life has already been given\\nin a preceding page. His talents for literature and music must\\nearly have displayed themselves, and his mother who had been\\nadequate to the pains taken, was the late Rev Jacob Duche,of the City of Philadelphia.\\nWhen he began his ministry in Christ Church of that city, his voice, his pronuncia-\\ntion, and his action, were immediately subjects of great commendation but he had\\nthe disadvantage of nearness of sight. In a short time, however, he was observed to\\nlay by, ahnost entirely, the help of his manuscript his notice of which, when it\\nhappened, became visible to the congregation; as he had to bring his face very near\\nto the cushion on which his sermon lay. This amiable gentleman had a very extra-\\nordinary talent for that particular exercise of the memory, to which lie was thus incited.\\nThere are many still living who know with what ease he prepared himself in this\\ndepartment. And he has often been, heard to acknowledge, that it would have been\\ngenerally impossible to him, a few days after the delivery of a sermon, to have recited\\na single paragraph of its contents. Certain it is, that he manifested no signs in the\\npulpit, of his being there puzzled in the work of recollection. And this circumstance,\\nadded to what has been said of his voice, and the praise due to the correctness of his\\naction, made his delivery exceedingly pleasing. From A Commentary on the\\nDuties of the Public Ministry in the Quarterly Theological Magazine, Philada, for\\nJanuary, 1814, p. 129.\\n^Memoirs of the Protestant Episcopal Church, New York. 1S36, p. 137.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 297\\nleft a widow when he was fourteen years of age, wisely continued\\nhim at the Academy, of which he was the first scholar, and in\\nthe course of his tuition there we have already seen what a\\nprominent place he earned in all the public exercises. In his\\ndeclamation of 1753, and his poem on the death of his fellow stu-\\ndent, young Martin, in 1754, we see the beginnings of those abili-\\nties which were carefully cultured to bear fruit to his good repu-\\ntation in after years. Graduating in 1757, he took his Masters\\nDegree in 1760, and his musical attainments, added a charm to\\nthe services of the day. An organ had first been fitted up in\\nthe Hall by kind friends for the use of the College, and we are\\ntold\\none of the Students, who received his Master s Degree on this occasion,\\nconducted the organ with that bold and masterly Hand, for which he is\\ncelebrated; and several of the Pieces were also his own Composition.*\\nAfter graduation he began the study of Law under Benjamin\\nChew, Attorney General, and was admitted to the Bar in 1761.\\nIn 1759 he had become secretary of the Library Company, and\\nwas its Librarian from February 1764 to May 1765. He was\\nalso Secretary of the Vestry of the United Churches of Christ\\nChurch and St. Peters in 1764\u00e2\u0080\u00945, and was elected a Vestryman in\\n1769, serving to 1773 when his residence in Trenton severed\\nhis connection with the church but resuming his residence in\\nPhiladelphia he was again elected Vestryman in 1788 serving\\nthereon until his death. He displayed his talent in vocal and\\ninstrumental music by leading the choir and playing the organ in\\nChrist Church, as well as teaching the children in the art ofv\\npsalmody, for which the Vestry recorded their thanks, 3 April,\\n1764-\\nPenna Gazette, 15 May, 1760.\\nHe wrote to Dr Franklin, 13 December, 1765, I visited your Family the\\nDay before Yesterday put Miss Sally s Harpsichord in the best order I can but the\\ninstrument, as to its Touch all machinery, is entirely ruined I think past Recovery\\na But we will talk more about this next Spring. I have finished the Trans-\\nlation of the Psalms of David to the great Satisfaction of the Dutch Congregation at\\nNew York they have paid me ;i^i45, their currency, which I intend to keep as a\\nBody Reserve in case I should go to England. MS letter in the American Philo-\\nsophical Society s Collection. The work referred to was The Psalms of David with\\nThe Ten Commandments. Creed, Lord s Prayer, c In Meter. Also the Csftechism,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Confession of Faith, Liturgy, c, translated from the Dutch For the use of the\\nReformed Protestant Dutch Church of the City of New York. New York. Printed\\nby James Parker at the New Printing Office in Beaver Street, MDCCLXVI.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "298 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAn opportunity offering for a visit to England, he sailed\\nthither in May, 1766. An affectionate tribute to his merits were\\ngiven before his sailing by the Trustees, which would serve him\\nas a special academic letter of credit in his proposed travels\\nbefore separating from the Commencement exercises of 20 May,\\n1766, their Minutes recite\\nAfter the Business of the Commencement was finished, it was resolved,\\nthat as Francis Hopkinson, Esqr, (who was the first Scholar entered in this\\nSeminary and its opening, and likewise one of the first who received a\\nDegree) was about to embark for England, and has done Honour to the\\nPlace of his Education by his abilities and good morals, as well as ren-\\ndered it inany substantial Services on all public occasions, the Thanks of\\nthis Institution ought to be delivered to him in the most aflectionate and\\nrespectable manner. And Mr Stedman and the Provost are desired to\\ncommunicate the same to Mr. Hopkinson accordingly and to wish him a\\nsafe and prosperous Voyage.\\nIn London, which he reached late in July, he expected to\\nmeet Franklin, his father s friend, but the latter was then in\\nGermany. In intercourse with the Bishop of Worcester his rela-\\ntive and with Benjamin West in London, he passed many happy\\ndays and remained in that city until June, 1767. He returned\\nhome in August following. Marrying in 1768 a daughter of\\nJoseph Borden, jr., of Bordentown, he resided half of the year\\nat that place, until his interests grew there and those in Phila-\\ndelphia lessened, and in 1774 was called to a seat in the Pro-\\nvincial Council of New Jersey. But the current for Liberty took\\nhim along, and he threw himself into the movement for inde-\\npendence, and became a member from New Jersey of the new\\nCongress, and on 2 July, 1776, voted in favor of the Resolution\\n^He writes thence to Dr. Franklin from\\nHartlebury Castle, May 31st, 1767.\\nMy dear Sir\\nI have once more the Pleasure of writing to you from this delightful Place;,\\nwhere, I thank God, I enjoy perfect Health and all the Pleasures the Country can\\nafford. Time rolls away in the most agreeable Manner imaginable Reading, walk-\\ning, riding, Music, Drawing, c, season the Hours with much calm and rational\\nPleasure and to crown all, the good Bishop and Mr. Johnson treat me with all\\npossible Affection and Kindness. Yet after all (such is my Partiality for dear Philada.\\nand my Friends there) that I must say it is with great Delight I look forward to the\\nTime of my Embarkation. Addressed Dr Franklin, at Mr .Stevenson s Craven\\nStreet, London. MS. letter in the American Philosophical Society Collection.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 299\\nfor Independence. When the British sought revenge in the\\nJerse3^s by destroying the houses of the principal Whigs, when\\ntheir movement in Philadelphia by that course proved a failure,\\nand in which the Borden Mansion fell a victim to the flames,\\nHopkinson s house was also fired, but escaped destruction in a\\nsingular manner. It is related that Captain Ewald, a Hessian\\nofficer, who was in command of the party of British employed in\\nfiring the houses, entering Hopkinson s was amazed to find his\\nlibrary filled with scientific apparatus in addition to the books on\\nthe walls and picking up a volume of Provost Smith s Dis-\\ncourses, he wrote in his Mother tongue, This man was one of\\nthe greatest rebels, nevertheless, if we dare to conclude from\\nthe Library, and Mechanical and Mathematical Instruments, he\\nmust have been a very learned man and he spared the house\\nfrom the flames.\\nHe was at Bordentown when the melancholy tidings\\nreached him of Duche s defection, and thence he wrote to him\\nhis letter of wounded affection and yet patriotic scorn, which he\\nsent under cover to Gen. Washington\\nThe Intimacy of my connection with Mr Duche renders all assurance\\nunnecessary that the letter addressed by him to your Excellency on the 8th\\nof October last year gives me the greatest concern. i would not\\nforbear communicating some of my sentiments to him on this occasion.\\nThese I might probably have been able to convey to him by secret means,\\nbut did not chuse to incur the imputation of a clandestine correspondence.\\nI have therefore taken the liberty to send the enclosed letter to you unsealed\\nfor your perusal. Resting it entirely on your judgement to cause it to [be}\\nforwarded or not. The occasion is a very interesting one to me.\\nMy friendship for Mr Duche calls upon me to do all I can to warn him\\nagainst the fatal consequences of his ill-advised step, that he may if possi-\\nble do something to avert them before it is too late.\\nBut the letter never reached its destination, Washington\\nwriting him 27 January, 1778\\nIt was shortly after this he and John Adams met the latter writing to his\\nwife from Philadelphia 21 August, 1776, says I met Mr Francis Hopkinson, late\\na Mandamus Counsellor of New Jersey, now a member of the Continental Congress,\\nwho, it seems is a native of Philadelphia, a son of a prothonotary of this county, who\\nis a person much respected. The son was liberally educated, and is a painter and a\\npoet. I may possibly give you some more particulars concerning him. Letters to\\nhis Wife, Boston, 1S41, i. 157.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "300 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nHaving never found an opportunity of conveying the Letter which\\nyou sometime ago sent me for Mr Uuche, by such a channel as I thought\\nwould reach him, I return it to you again.\\nIn September, 1776, Hopkinson was appointed Third\\nJustice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. This he held\\nuntil he accepted the Treasurership of the Continental Loan\\nOffice, an office under Congress. From this he became Judge\\nof the Admiralty by appointment of President Reed of Penn-\\nsylvania, and was 16 July, 1779, commissioned thereto, thus\\nfilling an office honorably occupied by his Father nearly thirty\\nbefore. In September, 1789, Washington appointed him United\\nStates Judge for the District of Pennsylvania. In the Constitu-\\ntional Convention of 1787 he was an active and able partici-\\npant, and with his zeal and force aided in its final adoption.\\nHis political influence was largely aided by his skillful pen,\\nwhich was of a genial cast while witty and pungent, and the\\ncultivation of measured verses in early youth stood him in good\\nstead when he wanted to hold up to ridicule the Tory cause.\\nHis Pretty Story, 1774, his Political Catechism of 1777, his\\nBattle of the Kegs in 1777, his Neiu Roof of 1787, and other\\npieces make his valuable contribution to the political literature\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0of the times. But with softer strains his poetic qualities showed\\nthemselves in hymns and domestic ballads, and his musical\\ntalent found exercise in the composition of hymn tunes which\\nare to this day familiar to our ears. His Miscellancmis Essays\\nand Occasional Writings were published in Philadelphia in 1793,\\nin the dress in which he left them. Thomas I. Wharton wrote\\nof him, a poet, a wit, a patriot, a chemist, a mathematician,\\nand a judge of the admiralty j with the humor of\\nSwift and Rabelais, he was always found on the side of virtue\\nand social order. John Adams wrote to his wife 21 August,\\n1776:\\nI have a curiosity to penetrate a little deeper into the bosom of this\\ncurious gentleman. He is one of your pretty, little, curious, ingenou s\\nmen. His head is not bigger than a large apple, less than our friend\\nPemberton or Dr. Simon Tuft. I have not met with anything in natural\\nhistory more amusing and entertaining than his personal appearance yet\\nhe is genteel, and well bred, and is very social.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 301\\nA condescending encomium from the Boston visitor, whO\\nnow in the metropolis for the first time met different types of\\nmen hitherto unknown to his observation.\\nFrancis Hopkinson died suddenly, of apoplexy, on 9 May,\\n1 79 1. His son Joseph, a graduate of 1786, is known as the\\nauthor of Hail Columbia, our patriot song. His sister Elizabeth\\nwas the wife of Rev, Jacob Duche and Mary, of Dr. John\\nMorgan, both his fellow graduates. His brother Thomas was a\\ngraduate of 1766 and later entered the ministry of the Church\\nof England. Four generations of Hopkinsons, in lineal\\ndescent, adorn the hst of graduates of the institution which their\\nancestor the first Thomas Hopkinson aided in founding.\\nJames Latta was a native of Ireland, of Scotch-Irish Stock,\\nand was born in 1732. His mother was an Alison, a relative of\\nDr. Francis Alison. His parents came to this country when he\\nwas about six years of age and settled near Elkton, Maryland.\\nHe was placed at school to his kinsman. Dr. Alison, at New\\nLondon, Pennsylvania and shortly after the latter went to Phila-\\ndelphia in 1752 to begin his work at the Academy, young Latta\\nfollowed him thither and completing his course there graduated\\nwith honor in the class of 1757.^ Before the completion of his\\ncourse he was, like Williamson, employed as Tutor by the\\nTrustees he and his classmate having alternately supplied the\\nPlace of one Usher in the Latin School from the 13 June until\\nthe I November [1755] be paid after the rate of Sixty Pounds\\nper Annum for their attendance during the above Term, and\\nthat their future salaries be ascertained at the next meeting of\\nthe Trustees. He continued Tutor after his graduation to the\\nend of the year 1759, and when Mr. Jones left, in July 1758, he\\nwas appointed to succeed him as Clerk to the Trustees. He was\\npursuing meanwhile his studies for the Ministry, and on 15\\nLetters to his Wife. Ibid.\\nMinutes of Dec. 1755. Dr. Sprague s Annals of the American Pulpit gives\\na letter from a relative of Dr. Latta stating that he had the Salutatory oration in\\nLatin at the Commencement; but the publication of Paul Jackson s Latin Salutatory\\nwith the Provost s charge disposes of this statement.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "302 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nFebruary, 1758, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of\\nPhiladelphia. His connection with the College ceased in\\nNovember, 1759, when the Synod directed him to go on a mis-\\nsion to the destitute settlements in Virginia and North Carolina,\\nhe having been ordained a few weeks before. In 1761 he was\\ninstalled as Pastor of the congregation at Deep Run, Bucks\\nCounty, Pennsylvania. He left this in 1770 for the pastoral\\ncare of Chestnut Level, in Lancaster County, and was there\\ninstalled in November, 1771. He here added the care of a\\nschool to his many duties, for which he was well fitted by his\\ntraining in the College. During the revolutionary war, it is said\\nhe accompanied a Pennsylvania regiment in one campaign as\\nchaplain. He was alive to all the controversies in his church\\nduring these years of trial, and an active participant in them, and\\nwas generally on the side of progress. When the subject of\\nintroducing Dr. Watt s Psalms and Hymns into public worship\\ndisturbed the traditions of many of the congregations, he advo-\\ncated the new Psalmody, and in the controversy issued a pam-\\nphlet of one hundred and eight pages in defense of the new\\npractice it is said this was the only work he ever published.\\nThe Degree of D.D. was proposed for him by the Trustees in\\n1799; that he accepted the Degree about that period is a fact\\nwell sustained, yet his name does not appear on the roll of any\\nother College but as we have the record of its proposal, it is\\nright to assume it was formerly conferred upon him, though we\\nfail to find record of its consummation. He died 29 January,\\n1 80 1, aged J J years. He married about the year 1765, Miss\\nMary M Calla of Deep Run. Of his children there were four\\nsons, all of whom entered the ministry of these three were\\ngraduates of the University, Francis Alison in 1790, William,\\n1794, and John Ewing in 1795. Dr. Samuel Martin s Memoir\\nof him, says\\nDr Latta was remarkably well qualified. Without severity, he had\\nthe faculty of governing well. He possessed the happy talent of making\\nhis pupils both fear and love him. As a scholar, too, he had\\nfew equals his erudition was general and profound. Such were his known\\nabilities, and such his reputation as an instructor, that when any of his", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 303\\npupils were sent to the University over which the late Dr Ewing presided,\\nwho has been so deservedly famed as a scholar, they were always received\\nwithout examination. It was sufficient to know they had received their\\neducation with Dr Latta it was indeed almost impossible to be\\nlong in his company without being both pleased and improved. Both old\\nand young were fond of his society. When paying a visit to any of his\\npeople, it was pleasing to see the youth gather around him to enjoy his\\nconversation. -h- He was conscientious in the discharge of every\\nduty. And with such dignity did he support the sacred office which he\\nbore, that there was scarce ever an instance of any person conducting him-\\nself profanely or rudely in his presence.\\nSamuel Magaw was born in 1735, the same year with his\\nclassmates Morgan and Williamson. We know little of his\\nearly life. Graduating in 1757, he received his Master s degree\\nfrom the College in 1760. He soon made preparations for the\\nministry, and with John Andrews of the class of 1765, the\\nProvost of 18 10, he went to England for Orders, bearing a letter\\nfrom Provost Smith dated 13 November, 1766, introducing them\\nto the Bishop of London I cannot now let the Bearers, Mr.\\nSamuel Magaw and Mr. John Andrews go without a few lines.\\nThey were educated and graduated under me and I hope in\\nExamination will do credit to our College. On 18 December,\\nDr. Smith wrote: My last to your Lordship was by Mr.\\nAndrews and Mr. Magaw, both educated in our College, since\\nwhich another Mr. Edmiston^ educated with them has sailed\\nfrom Maryland on the same errand. I hope it will appear to your\\nLordship that they are all well grounded in their education.\\nMagaw and Andrews were ordained Deacons, 2 February, 1767\\nin St. James Chapel,! Westminster, by the Bishop of St. Davids\\n10 u William Edmiston, class of 1759. He was ordained 15 March, 1767, and\\npriest on the 29th at St. James, Westminster, by the Bishop of Oxford, acting for the\\nBishop of London. On his return to Philadelphia he did not at once present his\\nletters in Maryland, owing to the hesitation of the colonial authorities in accepting\\nthe Bishop of London s licenses. See Bishop White s reference to tfeis, Memoirs,\\np. 19. He became Rector of St. Ann s, Annapolis, and later of St. George s,\\nSpesutia but his Tory activities lost him the latter and in September, 1775, he went\\nto England. Dr. Ethan Allen s Historical Notes of St. Ann s Parish^ p. 79. The\\nname is variously spelled, Edmiston, Edminston, Edmonson.\\n1^ Perry s Historical Collections, ii. 412, 4I3. Smith, i. 403.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "304 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nand Priests on the 15th of the same month by the Bishop\\nof London. Returning, Magaw was a missionary of the Society\\nfor the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts at Dover\\nand its vicinity, Delaware. He became Rector of St. Paul s\\nChurch, Philadelphia, in January 1781, in which duty he con-\\ntinued until 1804 when he was succeeded by Dr. Pilmore. He\\nwas elected Vice-Provost of the University of the State of\\nPennsylvania in 1782, but his functions ceased when the merger\\nwas made into the University of Pennsylvania, in 1791, Dr.\\nAndrews then becoming Vice-Provost and Provost in 1910. Dr.\\nMagaw took an active part in the various Assemblies of his\\nChurch in Pennsylvania, in Conventions and Societies and\\nheld a conspicuous place in all their deliberations and pub-\\nlished some Sermons, one of which was preached at the open-\\ning of St. Thomas Church for Colored People in 1794. In the\\nlatter part of his time he became deaf and was retired. He was\\na man above the average, of great ability and learning. He\\ndied I December, 18 12. He left behind him a memory of\\namiability in deportment and faithfulness in the discharge of all\\nhis duties.\\nJohn Morgan, was born in Philadelphia in 1736. His father\\nwas a near neighbor of Franklin s. His early education devel-\\noped in him a great aptitude to study. He acquired the rudi-\\nments of his classical learning at the Nottingham Academy of\\nDr. Finley s, who was afterward President of Princeton College\\nand entering as one of the first pupils of the Academy in Phila-\\ndelphia he graduated in 1757. During the last year of his\\nattendance here, he pursued his medical studies under Dr. John\\nRedman. Desirous of surgical practice in the field, he was\\ncommissioned lieutenant and surgeon of the Provincial Troops,\\nand served against the French and Indians until 1760. Taking\\nhis Master s Degree at the College in this year, he went to\\nEurope to pursue yet further his medical studies. He passed\\nsome years abroad, attending for two years the Lectures at the\\nUniversity of Edinburgh, taking his degree there in 1763,\\nWhile in London attendinsr the Lectures of Dr. William Hunter", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 305\\nhe was in intimate acquaintance with Dr. Franklin, and on his\\ngoing to Edinburgh he bore a letter from him to Lord Kames,\\ndated London, November, 1761, in which he says\\nMay I take the freedom of recommending the bearer, Mr Morgan, to\\nyour Lordship s protection. He purposes residing some time in Edinburgh,\\nto improve himself in the study of physic, and I think will one day make\\na good figure in the profession, and be of some credit to the school he\\nstudies in, if great industry and application, joined with natural genius and\\nsagacity, afford any foundation for the presage. He is the son of a friend\\nand near neighbor of mine in Philadelphia, so that I have known him from\\na child, and am confident the same excellent dispositions, good morals,\\nand prudent behavior, that have procured him the esteem and affection of\\nall that knew him in his own country, will render him not unworthy the\\nregard, advice, and countenance your Lordship may be so good as to afford\\nhim.\\nDr. Morgan from Edinburgh went to Paris, and there\\npassed a winter, still enlarging his medical studies, and after-\\nwards traveled in Holland and Italy. Upon his return to Lon-\\ndon he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and was\\nadmitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians in London,\\nand a member of the College of Physicians in Edinburgh, and\\nhad been admitted to membership in the Society of Belles\\nLettres in Rome.\\nThus furnished by study and travel, and with the earlier\\nfield hospital service, he returned to Philadelphia in 1765. He\\nhad written from London in November, 1764, to Dr. Cullen\\nMy scheme of instituting lectures you will hereafter know\\nmore of It is not prudent to broach designs prematurely, and\\nmine are not yet fully ripe for execution. These he had talked\\nover with the younger William Shippen, his schoolmate at Not-\\ntingham, when they were a year or more together in Edinburgh.\\nShippen had returned home in May, 1762, and in the autumn\\nof that year began his private course of lectures, his introductory\\nDr. Shippen in his letter to the Trustees of 17 September, 1765. says: I\\nshould have long since sought the Patronage of the Trustees of the College, but\\nwaited to be joined by Dr. Morgan, to whom I first communicated my plan in Eng-\\nland.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "3o6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nbeing delivered in the State House. His courses proved to be\\nthe introductory to the larger scheme of Dr. Morgan which\\nbecame the Medical School of the College and Academy of\\nPhiladelphia. Dr. Morgan had formed his plans maturely, and\\nupon the counsel and advice of his friends abroad. He arrived\\nhome early in 1765, and at a Special Meeting of the Trustees\\ncalled for 3 May, 1765, there attended among others both the\\nDoctors Bond, Dr. Cadvvalader, and Dr. Redman, now a Trustee\\nand Morgan s old preceptor, when the following letter was read\\nfrom the Proprietary. This letter, with its wise recommenda-\\ntions seems the herald of the new Medical Department, in the\\naccount of which it may properly belong, yet it is so full of per-\\nsonal references to the young Surgeon who had taken counsel\\nwith Governor Penn on the subject so near his heart, that it\\nseems to belong in a sketch of his life.\\nGentlemen.\\nDoctor Morgan has laid before me a Proposal for introducing new Pro-\\nfessorships into the College for the Instruction of all such as shall incline to\\ngo into the Study and Practice of Physick and Surgery, as well as the\\nseveral Occupations attending upon these necessary and useful Arts.\\nHe thinks his scheme, if patronized by the Trustees, will at present\\ngive Reputation and Strength to the Institution, and tho it may for some\\nTime occasion a small Expence, yet after a little while it will gradually\\nsupport itself, and even make considerable additions to the Academy\\nFunds.\\nDr Morgan has employed his Time in an assiduous Search after\\nKnowledge, in all the Branches necessary for the Practice of his Profession,\\nand has gained such Esteem and Love from Persons of the first Rank in it,\\nthat as they very much approve his Plan, they will, from Time to Time, as\\nhe assures us, give him their Countenance and Assistance in the Execution\\nof it.\\nWe are made acquainted with what is proposed to be taught, and his\\nLectures may be adopted by you, and since the like Systems have brought\\nmuch Advantage to every Place where they have been received, and such\\nLearned and eminent Men speak favorably of the Doctor s Plan, I could\\nnot but in the most kind manner recommend him to you, and desire that\\nhe may be well received, and what he has to offer be taken, with all becom-\\ning Respect and Expedition, into your most serious Consideration and if\\ni^See his announcement in the Pennsylvania Gazette li November, 1762, of\\nbeginning a course of anatomical Lectures on 18 November.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 307\\nit shall be thought necessary to go into it, and thereupon to open Professor-\\nships, that he may be taken into your service.\\nWhen you have heard him, and duly considered what he has to lay\\nbefore you, you will be best able to judge in what Manner you can serve\\nthe Public, the Institution, and the particular Design now recommended to\\nyou. I am\\nGentlemen\\nLondon Feb 15, 1765 Your very affectionate Friend\\nThomas Penn\\nTo the Trustees of the\\nCollege c of Philada\\nDr. Morgan also presented a letter to the same effect by\\ntwo worthy Trustees of this College now in England, viz.: The\\nHon ble James Hamilton, Esqr. and the Revd Mr. Richard\\nPeters. And\\nThe above Letters and Proposals being duly weighed, and the Trustees\\nentertaining a high sense of Dr Morgan s Abilities, and the Honors paid to\\nhim by different Learned Bodies and Societies in Europe, they unanimously\\nappointed Him Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physick in this\\nCollege.\\nThus was created the Medical Department of the College,\\nwhich has literally fulfilled Thomas Penn s words in giving\\nReputation and Strength to the Institution. The history of\\nthis important department is elsewhere given, and while to it\\nprobably belongs the official life of Dr. Morgan which adorned it,\\nwe must pass on to a recital of other events in his life in which\\nhe served the community and his friends first noting that\\nat the commencement of that year, viz. on 30 May, at the\\nForenoon s Exercises came the first Part of Dr, Morgan s\\ninaugural oration, and the weather being very warm, the\\nremainder was adjourned to Friday Forenoon, 31 May, and\\nDr. Morgan then printed the remainder of his learned and\\nelaborate oration. This was entitled A Discourse upon the\\nInstitution of Medical Schools in America, and was published by\\nWiHiam Bradford it was a significant and bold venture for a\\nyoung man of but twenty-nine years to enter upon in the new\\ncountry, but his faith and courage fitted him to the duty, and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "3o8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nhope assured success. At the meeting of 23 September\\nfollowing a letter from his friend Shippen was read, applauding\\ntheir action in so promptly meeting Dr. Morgan s views and\\nscheme and stating to them a Professorship of Anatomy and\\nSurgery would be gratefully accepted by him, to which they\\nunanimously appointed him. Thus were the two friends united\\nin a congenial work in a public institution, fulfilling their plans\\nas they talked them over during the interval of their Edinburgh\\nstudies. William Shippen, an alumnus of Princeton in 1754,^^\\nhad not the claim, though a Philadelphian, upon the College and\\nthe Academy of this city that its own John Morgan had, who\\ncame with his proposition endorsed by the highest civil influence\\nknown to the province. The location of Morgan s Alma Mater\\nin the largest city of the colonies enabled it to utilize his prac-\\ntical schemes and secure for itself the honorable distinction o\\norganizing a Medical Department in advance of other kin-\\ndred institutions but Shippen contributed ideas from his\\nown well stored brain and trained mind, thoughts and sug-\\ngestions which helped to nourish the new Department, and it\\nwas but just that Princeton should furnish its second Pro-\\nfessor.\\nDr. Morgan tells us when he returned from Europe, he\\ndeparted from the customary practice, and was the first\\nphysician who restricted himself to simply prescribing for the\\nsick. And he writes\\nAs far as I can learn everybody approves of my plan for instituting\\nmedical schools, and I have the honor of being appointed a public pro-\\nfessor for teaching physic in the College here. Can any man, the least\\nacquainted with the nature of that arduous task, once imagine it possible\\n1* A Discourse Upon the Institution of Medical Schools in America Deliv-\\nered at a Public Anniversary Commencemettt held in the College of Philadelphia\\nMay 30 and ^i, 1765. IVith a Preface Containing among other things the Author s\\nApology for attempting to introduce the regular mode of practising physic in Phila-\\ndelphia. By John Motgan, M. D. Fellow of the Royal Society at London\\nCorrespondent of the Royal Academy of Surgery at Paris Member of the Arcadian\\nBelles Lettres Society at Rome Licentiate of the Royal College of. Physicians in\\nLondon and in Edinburgh; and Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in\\nthe College of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by William Bradford\\nat the corner of Market and Profit Streets MDCCLXV.\\nAnd a classmate there of Provost Ewing.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 309\\nfor me to acquit myself in that station in an honorable or useful manner,\\nand yet be engaged in one continued round of practice in surgery and\\npharmacy as well as physic? My usefulness as a professor\\nmakes it absolutely necessary for me to follow that method of practice\\nwhich alone appears to be calculated to answer that end.\\nMedical science alone did not occupy his activities. He\\nwas an interested member of the American Philosophical\\nSociety. When the Trustees sought for funds from the learned\\nand the educated in the West Indies, Dr. Morgan was their\\nambassador, and a very successful voyage he made thither,\\nwhich will have more particular notice when our narrative\\nreaches that period.\\nIn October, 1775, Congress appointed him Director in Gen-\\neral and Physician in Chief to the General Hospital of the\\nAmerican army, and he at once proceeded to Cambridge, and\\nfrom thence back to New York. His reforming spirit in admin-\\nistration was far in advance of the times, and he could not\\novercome the crowding difficulties of his Medical Bureau, due\\nto inexperience and a clinging to former ways clamors arose,\\nto which Congress responded by removing him in 1777 but\\non a subsequent examination by Congress, all the complaints\\nwere found entirely without foundation, and an honorable\\nacquittal of all the charges made against him rendered.\\nHe died in Philadelphia 15 October, 1789, and was buried in\\nSt. Peter s Church. It was the year of his return from Europe\\nand of appointment as Professor, that he married Mary Hopkin-\\nson, the sister of his classmate Francis Hopkinson, whose\\nelder sister Elizabeth had married six years previously,\\nanother classmate, Jacob Duche.\\nHugh Williamson, of Scotch-Irish parentage, was born\\nin Nottingham Township, Chester County, Penn., 5 December,\\n1735. His early education was pursued under Dr. Alison s care\\nat New London, and when that able preceptor became a pro-\\nfessor in the Philadelphia Academy his parents sent him thither.\\nHis proficiency earned him a Tutorship as early as July, 1755, in\\nwhich he continued the remainder of his Collegfe life. His father", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "3IO History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ndied the year of his graduation; and the family having previous\\nto this moved to Shippensburgh, WilHamson made this his resi-\\ndence until 1759 when he went to Connecticut to prosecute his\\ntheological studies, where he was licensed to preach, and afterwards\\nreturning to Pennsylvania was admitted a member of the Pres-\\nbytery of Philadelphia. His health however was not robust\\nand he was unable to undertake any stated ministerial duty.\\nWe find him again resuming his connection with his College.\\nAt the meeting of the Trustees on 13 January, 1761,\\nthe President acquainted the Trustees that notwithstanding that repeated\\nadvertisements had been published in the Gazette of the want of a Pro-\\nfessor of Mathematics in the Academy, and he had wrote to some of his\\nacquaintances in the other Colonies to enquire if there was any fit person,\\nand that Dr. Smith had likewise made enquiry in Maryland, and Dr\\nAlison at Boston and other Places thro which they had travelled in the\\nVacation, yet no one properly qualified could be heard of. In this exigency\\nDr. Smith had wrote to the Rev d Hugh Williamson one of the late Ushers\\nin the Latin School (who was known to have made a considerable Progress\\nin the Mathematics, and being lately ordained among the Dissenters yet\\nat present was not in the Exercise of his Function) to know if he would\\nundertake the Care of that School, upon which Letter he now waited upon\\nthe Trustees and made a tender of his services, which were accepted\\nand in case he should upon tryal give Satisfaction, he is to receive One\\nHundred and Twenty five pounds per annum to commence from the Day\\non which he shall take the Charge of the School.\\nIn this duty he continued less than three years, and at the\\nmeeting of 8 November, 1763\\ndesiring admittance he came in and acquainted the Trustees that he could\\nnot continue much longer in the care of the Mathematical School, having\\ndisposed of himself some other way, he requested they would as soon as\\nconveniently they could, provide a Master for it.\\nAnd action was had looking to this provision, at the meet-\\ning of 13 December Professor Williamson still expressing a\\ndesire to be dismissed. But he filled out the College term,\\nand parted from his duties 10 May, 1764. His mathematical\\nand other studies made no obstacle to his engaging with interest\\nin provincial politics and having his interest enlisted on the\\nProprietaries side, probably from sympathy with the Provost s\\nviews, he replied on their behalf in a pamphlet to Franklin s", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 3 1 1\\nCool Thoughts on the Present Situation of our Ptiblic Affairs\\npublished early in 1764, the year when a crisis seemed to be con-\\nsummating between the two opposing and heated parties. But\\nWilliamson was himself one of the proprietaries new allies;\\nthe Presbyterian Clergy of Philadelphia, who feared that the\\nsubstitution of a Royal Government for that of the Proprie-\\ntaries which was now sought by the popular party would bring a\\nState church into the province, and openly took the ground that\\nthe change would be the ruin of the province, and what was\\ndenied to him in public speaking or preaching, he yet could\\nably set forth his views by his pen. And this rejoinder was\\nfollowed by the subsequent contribution to the political litera-\\nture of the times.\\nIn the same year Wilhamson crossed the ocean in order\\nto pursue medical studies at the University of Edinburgh and\\non the Continent. He remained abroad for two years, and\\nreturning to Philadelphia, began the practice of medicine, his\\nhealth not permitting any stated ministerial duties. His attain-\\nments in science were great, and he was one of a committee, of\\nwhom also were David Rittenhouse, Provost Smith, Dr. Ewing,\\nand Charles Thomson, appointed by the American Philosophical\\nSociety to make observations of the transit of Venus on 3 June,\\n1769, and the same committee was instructed also to view the\\ntransit of Mercury on 3 November of the same year. The\\nreports of these observations, in which Williamson as a mathe-\\nmation had a large share, are given in the first volume of\\n1^ Franklin in his Preface to Galloway s Speech, Bigelow, iii. 310. William-\\nson s pamphlet was entitled The Plain Dealer, Number il, Being a Tickler for the\\nleisure Hours Amusement of the Author of Cool Thoughts, Wherein the Tone of\\nhis several Arguments in Favour of a change of Government is stated in a clear\\nLight and accomodated to the Comprehension of Readers of every Capacity. By\\nX. Y. Z. Gentleman. In Dr. Smith s preface to John Dickinson s speech he gave\\na very eulogistic Epitaph on William Penn. In Franklin s preface to Galloway s\\nspeech, he burlesqued this and applied it to Richard and Thomas Penn. This in\\nturn gave rise to Williamson s later pamphlet: What is Sauce for the Goose\\nis also Sauce for a Gander, Being A small Touch in the Lapidary Way, or Tit\\nfor Tat, in your own Way. An Epitaph on a certain great Man. Written by a\\nDeparted Spirit and now most inscrib d to all his dutiful Sons and Children, who\\nmay hereafter chose to distinguish him by the name of A Patriot. Bibliography of\\nFranklin, Ford, 393.\\n1 With Capt Falconer from London, came passenger Hugh Williamson, M.\\nD. belonging to this Place. Penna Gazette, II Dec, 1766.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "312 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthe Transactions of the Society and afforded valuable inform-\\nation to the foreign correspondents of the Society. In 1770,\\nDr. Williamson published through the same channel some obser-\\nvations on the change of climate which had been remarked\\nwithin a range of years to have taken place in the middle colonies\\nof North America. This and other scientific investigations of\\nhis brought him the notice of foreign savants, and his medical\\nalma mater, Utrecht, made him Doctor of Laws in 1772, and\\nhe was made a member of the Holland Society of Sciences, and\\nthe Society of Arts and Sciences of Utrecht.\\nIn 1772 he undertook a voyage to the West Indies to\\nraise funds for the Academy at Newark, Delaware, the suc-\\ncessor of Dr Alison s school of which in early life he had been\\na pupil, and of which he was a Trustee and in the year fol-\\nlowing in company with his co-Trustee, Rev, Dr. Ewing, after-\\nwards Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, he made a\\ntour through Great Britain on the same errand, and in this duty\\nthey remained together until the autumn of 1775, but William-\\nson did not return home with Ewing. He then travelled through\\nHolland and the Low Countries, but when the news of Ameri-\\ncan Independence reached him, he retraced his steps and\\nreached Philadelphia in March, 1777. The story which had\\ncredence for a number of years that it was through his agency\\nthe Hutchinson letters were procured for Franklin who sent\\nthem to Massachusetts, and which is yet frequently repeated, is\\ncontradicted by the fact that Dr. Williamson, at the time of Dr.\\nFranklin sending those Letters, namely in December, 1 772, was\\nat the time in the West Indies, and he did not sail for England as\\nstated above until December, 1773 the ship he sailed in from\\nBoston lay in the harbor ready for sail, when the famed Tea\\nParty took place on that eventful night of 16 December, and\\nhe was the first one to communicate to the British Government\\nthe tidings of this decisive destruction of the East India Com-\\npany s cargoes of tea.\\nOn Dr. Williamson s return to Pennsylvania, no opportunity\\nappeared open for the pursuit of his profession, and turning his face\\nsouthward he engaged in mercantile pursuits but his medical", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 3 1 3\\nreputation brought to him in the winter of 1779-80 the appoint-\\nment of chief of the medical department of the North CaroHna\\ntroops; he was present at the Battle of Camden 18 August,\\n1780, and under a flag of truce entered the enemy s lines to\\nattend to the wounded when the regimental surgeons declined\\nthe duty. In 1782 he became a member, from Edenton, of\\nthe North Carolina Assembly. In 1787, he was one of the\\ndelegates from that State to the Convention which framed the\\nConstitution which met in Philadelphia and he was a member\\nof the first Congress which met in New York in 1787, and it\\nwas while here he married Maria, daughter of Charles Ward\\nApthorpe, formerly a member of the Provincial Council of New\\nYork, In 18 12, appeared his History of North Carolina in\\ntwo volumes, printed in Philadelphia. Much of his time after\\nthis was passed in New York. He lived to a great age, not-\\nwithstanding his early debility and in despite of an unusually\\nactive and busy life in the wanderings of a cosmopolite, and\\ndied in New York, 22 May, 18 19. At the close of that year\\nhis friend Dr. Hosack was appointed to read a Biographical\\nMemoir of Williamson before the New York Historical Society\\nhe describes him as\\nno less distinguished for the manliness of his form, than for the energy\\nand firmness of his mind. Dr. Williamson in his person was tall, consid-\\nerably above the general standard, of a large frame, well proportioned,\\nbut of a thin habit of body. He was remarkable for his erect, dignified\\ncarriage, which he retained even in the decline of life. His\\nstyle both in conversation and in writing, was simple, concise, perspic-\\nuous and remarkable for its strength always displaying correctness of\\nthought and logical precision. In the order, too, and disposal of his dis-\\ncourse, whether oral or written, such was the close connexion of its parts,\\nand the dependence of one proposition upon that which preceded it, that\\nit became easy to discern the influence of his early predilection for mathe-\\nmatical investigation Whatever be the merits of Dr. William-\\nson as a scholar, a physician, a statesman, or philosopher however he\\nmay be distinguished for his integrity, his benevolence, and those virtues\\nwhich enter into the moral character of man he presents to the world\\nclaims of a still higher order. The lovers of truth and virtue will admire\\nmuch more than his literary endowments, that regard for religious duty, of\\nwhich, under all circumstances and in all situations, he exhibited so\\neminent an example.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "314 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXLIV.\\nThe commencement of 1757, with all the satisfaction\\nand pleasure it brought to its participants, had one shadow,\\nwhich however did not show itself at once. The Provost s\\nsignature to the diplomas was thought sufficient to give them\\nforce, and this appeared to be the intent of the Charter of 1755,\\nwhere it was\\nOrdained, That the Provost, vice provost, or other person appointed\\nas aforesaid, shall make, and with his name, sign diplomas or certificates\\nof the admission to such degree or degrees, which shall be sealed with the\\npublic seal of the said corporation, and delivered to the graduates as hon-\\nourable and perpetual testimonials thereof.\\nBut at the Trustees meeting of 14 June, the Vice-Provost\\nAlison, and Professors Kinnersley, Grew and Jackson petitioned\\nthey might be allowed to join with the Provost in signing the\\nCollege Diplomas, as follows:^\\nGentlemen. The Custom as far as we know or can learn has univer-\\nsally obtained in other Colleges, both in Europe and America, of granting\\nDiplomas or honourable Certificates, signed as well by all the Professors\\nas by the Provost or President. The Initiation of this generally received\\nMode in the Diplomas to be granted in this College will, we humbly con-\\nceive, be more satisfactory to the graduates, who will no doubt chuse to\\ncarry with them the most express and ample Proofs of the Respect and\\napprobation of every Professor belonging to the Institution more reputable\\nto the Vice Provost and Professors to whom it may be of some advantage\\nto be known in a Way that will carry the least appearance of Vanity or\\nostentation, and more honourable and useful to the Institution itself as the\\nNumber of Professors employed in it and their names, if at any Time they\\nshould be Men of Merit and Reputation, which it is not unreasonable to\\nsuppose, may be of service to engage the Notice of People in Distant Parts\\nand by that means to add to the Number of Students. We therefore the\\nVice Provost and Professors of this College and Academy humbly petition\\nthe Trustees to grant us by a Law the Privilege of joining with the Provost\\nin signing the College Diplomas.\\n1 Francis Hopkinson s diploma bears the autographs of the Provost, Vice\\nProvost, and the other three professors if the Provost s was originally given alone,\\nand thus became the occasion of the petitions, this action of the Trussees may have\\nsecured the subsequent affixing the signatures of the others. The appearance of this\\ndocument seems to give color to this suggestion.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 315\\nThis was referred to Messrs. Chew and Stedman for their\\nopinion, to be given at the next meeting, and on 12 July their\\nReport was\\nThe Committee on considering the Charter conceive that by the said\\nCharter it is not necessary that Diplomas should be signed by any more\\nof the Faculty than the Provost. Yet as they may receive additional\\nWeight and Credit by being signed by the whole Faculty, and no Mischief\\nor Inconvenience, that we apprehend can arise from such a Proceeding, we\\nare of Opinion, that the whole Faculty should on this occasion be admitted\\nto sign with the Provost.\\nThis discreet and equitable report was\\nread and referred to the next Meeting of the Trustees, in Consequence\\nthereof Mr Smith requested a Copy of the Petition, which the clerk was\\ndesired to make out and deliver to him as soon as it may be convenient.\\nBut no action was reached until the meeting of 23 December,\\nwhen\\nthe Report of the Committee upon the Propriety of Diplomas being signed\\nby the whole Faculty, entered on the Minutes of 12th of July last, is\\napproved by the Trustees.\\nAt this December meeting the fees for graduation were\\nnamed as follows\\nA Bachelor shall pay to the College Library _^o. 15.0\\nA Master shall pay to Do 1. 0.0\\nA Bachelor shall present to the Provost at least i. o. o\\nto each of the Professors including the\\nVice-Provost under whom he has studied since his entering\\nthe College 0.15.0\\nThe Keeper of the Great Seal for affixing it to any Diploma,\\nhonorary ones excepted shall have o. 10. o\\nAt the beginning of this year, at the meeting of 1 1 January,,\\nthe Rate of Tuition for the Students in Philosophy was aug-\\nmented to ten Pounds per Annum to commence at the End\\nof Three Months from this Date.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "3i6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nBenjamin Chew, who drew up the report on the petition\\nof the Vice-Provost and the Professors, was elected a Trustee on\\n1 1 January, 1757, to fill the vacancy made by the death of Dr.\\nZachary. The son of Dr. Samuel Chew, he was born at his\\nFather s residence, on West River, Maryland, 29 November,\\n1722. He was young when his Father removed to the Lower\\nCounties. After completing his education, he entered the office\\nof Andrew Hamilton, the Councillor, but the latter dying in\\n1 74 1, Chew went abroad and entered the Middle Temple in\\nLondon. He returned to America in 1743, on hearing of the\\ndeath of his Father, and was admitted an attorney of the\\nSupreme Court of the Province of Pennsylvania in September\\nTerm, 1746, but it appears did not practice until about nine\\nyears later. His residence was at Dover, Delaware, and in\\n175 I he was included in the Boundary Commission as a repres-\\ntative of the Lower Counties. He removed to Philadelphia\\nabout 1754. His reputation largely exceeded his age, and\\nthough so new a resident of Philadelphia he in January 1755\\nbecame Attorney General, succeeding Mr. Francis, and in\\nAugust following, became Recorder of the City. And at the\\nclose of the same year he was called to the Governor s Council,\\nin the midst of the excitement following Braddock s defeat. His\\nwas a busy life, filling these public offices and in 1765, to these\\nwere added that of the Register-General of the Province. In\\n1761 he built his Mansion, Cliveden, at the then outlying\\ntown, Germantown. When William Allen resigned the Chief\\nJusticeship of the Supreme Court in 1774, Chew was appointed\\nhis successor on 29 April. At the outbreak of the Revolution\\nthese offices fell with the Royal authority, which was their\\nderivation, though his continuance as Register-General was\\nmade necessary by force of circumstances, and his acts were in\\n1778 validated by the Legislature. As a suspect he was under\\nsurveillance, during the Revolution, and was for some time\\nunder arrest; but he was released in June, 1778, and remained\\nat his house in peace until the quietness of the times\\nremoved him from all suspicion. During his absence his house\\nwas the conspicuous figure in the Battle of Germantown, Octo-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 317\\nber, 1777, and by its possession a handful of British troops\\nwere enabled under its cover to detain the main body of Ameri-\\ncans in its attack long enough to prevent the consummation of\\nWashington s plans for the struggle of the day, to ensure the\\ndefeat of the American army. In October, 1791, he was\\nappointed Judge and President of the High Court of Errors\\nand Appeals of Pennsylvania, and these he held until the aboli-\\ntion of the court in 1808. He died 20 January, 18 10, and is\\nburied in St. Peter s Churchyard. Notwithstanding his accu-\\nmulating duties, he gave faithful attendance on the meetings of\\nthe Trustees, and from his acknowledged judgment and learn-\\ning he was sought on many of the special committees, as in the\\ncase of the vexed question which his opinion settled in July\\n1757. During the Revolutionary period, we find him at the\\nmeetings of January, 9 May, 3, 17 October, 1775 April, June,\\nOctober, 1776; 5 June, September; November 1778; and in\\n1779 from March quite regularly to 28 September. He was not\\npresent at the final meetings of October and November, 1779,\\nwhen the blow of destruction was impending his presence\\nwould not have aided the unfortunate institution against the\\nattacks of the party who sought the abrogation of its charter.\\nHis eldest son Benjamin, a graduate of 1775, became a Trustee\\nin 1810. The latter s sons Benjamin and Samuel were gradu-\\nates of 18 10, John of 1 81 2, Henry Banning of 181 5, William\\nWhite of 1820, and Anthony Banning of 1825 while a grand-\\nson of Henry B. Chew renews the Hnk as a graduate of 1886.\\nChief Justice Chew was the last of those Trustees whose\\noffice dates prior to the first Commencement. Of the original\\ntwenty- four, Logan, Lawrence, Zachary and Willing had died\\nIsaac Norris, who had succeeded James Logan, resigned in\\n1755 and to the nineteen original Trustees remaining were now\\nadded Cadwalader, Hamilton, Stedman, Mifflin and Chew. Of\\nthe original number, seven were Provincial Councillors of Penn-\\nsylvania, Logan, Lawrence, Turner, Strettell, Peters, Taylor and\\nHopkinson and of the six new members, five were also Coun-\\ncillors, Norris, Cadwalader, Hamilton, Mifflin and Chew. Allen,\\nthe Recorder of the City at the organization of the Trustees,.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "3i8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nbecame Chief Justice the year following, and his wife was the\\ndaughter and sister of Councillors. Francis was Attorney Gen-\\neral of the Province at the time of the organization, and in 1750\\nsucceeded Allen as Recorder of the City. Masters married in\\n1754 the daughter of a Councillor. Zachary was the grandson\\nof an early Councillor. Franklin s genius and leadership found\\nno place in the Council, but his influence was greater than any\\nsuch seat could create, for he was the foremost man in the\\nProvince. Of the rest, Inglis, M Call, Leech, Shippen, Syng,\\nWilling, the two Bonds, Plumsted, Maddox, White, Coleman\\nand Stedman had earned for themselves eminence in the com-\\nmunity as merchants or professional men. Such a collocation\\nof men of provincial note and influence was the most remark-\\nable and distinguished ever gathered together in one common\\nwork in this Province and as such, in force and dignity was\\nperhaps never equalled, certainly never excelled in any of the\\nsister Provinces and all this was in the cause of Education,\\nand the men were inspired and united in their work by one who\\nhad attained to a high appreciation of the needs of the Province\\nin this direction, and yet who it may be said was himself with-\\nout early education further than what could be drawn out of\\nthe materials he found around him by his own inborn faith and\\nperseverence.\\nThe period of Organization of the College and Academy\\nmay be said to be completed on the graduation of the first class\\nin 1757. There has been much to study in this formative\\ntime, in both men and methods, and its picture has to be\\ndrawn with more measured details than may be required in its\\nsubsequent periods. From this point on for nearly a score of\\nyears we may designate as the ante-Revolutionary period. The\\nInstitution felt the influence of party broils and wrangles of the\\ntime, as this was unavoidable when the men the most conspicu-\\nous in its control and management did not avoid provincial\\npolitics. We shall find this period to end only in disaster, and\\nwe must endeavor to fathom those causes which led to the\\ninjustice of 1779, when the fair fabric was laid low which had\\ngrown to such vigor by its first commencement. It is difficult", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 319\\nto draw the line between the differing influences which were\\nfostered within its boundaries, for though Education was its aim,\\nyet there was too much fomenting and seething within the Prov-\\nince in which it was placed to keep that aim undisturbed and\\nmany matters may have taken form that do not appear on\\nrecord, which left their sting behind to bear fruit in the uncer-\\ntain and harassing times of mid-revolution, in which perhaps\\ninstitutions were made the victims of mistrust and suspicion in\\norder to strike at individuals.\\nXLV.\\nThat the mixing of politics in college life was not due to\\ncolonial influences in this case, but rather in the inborn taste of\\nthe average Englishman, whether in home or colonial life, for\\npolitics generally, is borne out by the consideration of their\\ninfluence in the universities at home, Mr. Wordsworth in his\\nSocial Life at the English Universities, quoting Hartley Cole-\\nridge, Everything in England takes the shape and hue of poli-\\ntics, proceeds to say\\nIf this was true of the country in the earlier half of the present century,\\nit was so preeminently at the Universities in the Eighteenth, -x- It might\\nat first sight appear that politics could have very little to do with the Life\\nand Studies of a University. But this is far from being the real state\\nof the case. After three such revolutions as the country had experienced\\nwithin half a century, it was impossible that the interest of the country should\\nnot be fixed upon public affairs. The taste for Pamphlets which had arisen\\nin the days of Charles I. had now increased a thousandfold, -x- if\\nwe take up a chance volume containing 1 8th century tracts relating to either\\nof the Universities, it will be no extraordinary thing if there are one or\\nmore bearing directly upon the politics of the day very few we shall find,\\nif we have the time or the patience to read them through are totally uncon-\\njiected with party dissensions. Politics usurped the place of\\nChristian doctrine in the pulpit politics lurked in the Coffee houses and\\nIhe taverns her spirit was not expelled even from the Triposes and\\nTripos-speeches. At Oxford the Act (or Commemoration) was full of", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "320 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nit; Party feeling had a great power in producing and foster-\\ning the nightly demonstrations which disturbed the more peaceful students\\nand inhabitants of Cambridge and Oxford, at the beginning of the last\\ncentury, and early in our own.\\nThat a certain knowledge of cotemporary politics can be\\nmade a handmaid to Education, there can be no question, for the\\npupil in this can with the aid of his preceptor be led to juster and\\ntruer views of the former, than if he was shut out of all knowl-\\nedge of civil movements around him and only turned into them\\nwithout training when Education has set him nominally free\\nfrom its bonds. The boys in the College and Academy were\\ntrained to loyalty; the Commencement of 1762 provided a\\nDialogue and Ode on the death of our late gracious Majesty\\nGeorge II the Commencement of 1763 had a like exercise in\\nhonor of the happy accession and nuptials of our present gra-\\ncious Majesty George III. But the controversies over the\\nStamp Act made loyalty to such a gracious sovereignty less\\npalatable, patriotism became an element in the community,\\nand its votaries were found in our College Halls in increasing\\nnumbers year by year. Smith, the author of the Dialogues of\\n1762 and 1763, could not sympathise in this patriotism as did\\nHopkinson the author of the Ode, who with his pen and good\\nhumor helped in the nationalising of his native land. Thus, in\\nour narrative we cannot recite the work and influence of the\\nremarkable curriculum alone, and note the happy results for\\nlearning and knowledge in its students which proved its excel-\\nlence, without throwing upon it, and the men who employed it,\\nthose lights and shadows which the contemporary circumstances\\nsurrounding the new birth of a nation would naturally engender.\\nIn our case, this is imperative for some of the Trustees and\\nmembers of the Faculty were deep in the controversies of these\\nyears, and their personal influence must have been felt by the\\nlads. Could it be a matter of little moment to any of these,\\nthat the Founder of their Home of learning was the foremost\\nman of the day in all public affairs whether of politics or of\\nphilanthropy, and was in most of these years representing his\\nSocial Life, pp. 5, 24, 25, 26, 27.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennyslvania. 321:\\nadopted Province at the throne of power pleading for liberty\\nCould it be a matter of indifference to any that their Provost\\nwas taking his share in controversy whether public or anony-\\nmous Would they not catch at least the echo of these\\ninfluences And may it not lie in such surroundings that the\\nCollege and Academy turned into the arena of the Revolution\\nmore men in proportion to her graduates than any other\\nCollegiate institution If this was so, no regret can be felt at\\nthe exhibitions of partisan strife we shall witness as we pro-\\nceed in the years whose records are yet to be studied. In this\\ncentral Province of the colonies all the great movements of\\nthe time found their larger expression, and the College lads\\nwould have been cold indeed did their feelings not respond\\nto the thought that they were waiting on the infancy of a great\\nNation, in whose future success they might have some share,\\nwhether more or less. Hopkinson who set his loyal Odes of\\n1762 and 1763 to his own music and sang them, was equally\\nwith Paca nurturing those greater principles which caused\\nthem to set their hands to a Declaration that loyalty to one s\\nown country was the highest patriotism. Duche put his hands\\nto the same plough, but looked back and was lost. Latta, and\\nMagaw, and Morgan, and Williamson, were all true to the same\\npole. These were the farthest removed from the storm\\nburst of 1775. But they, even from this distant point, attain\\na like degree in the work of their country s freedom with John\\nMorris, Patrick Alison, Robert Goldsborough, Whitmel Hill,\\nThomas Mifflin, Richard Peters, Tench Tilghman, Alexander\\nWilcocks, Joseph Yeates, Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant, John\\nAndrews, William White, Francis Johnston, Joshua Maddox\\nWallace, Benjamin Duffield, Henry Latimer, and others. Hap-\\npily for their country, these men came to the struggle with\\nminds trained in the best school for learning known in the\\ncolonies, and the record of such results should alone have\\nsaved it from the suspicions and the injustice of 1779 but, the\\nparty heat of that year having found its victim exhausted itself,\\nand the successors of these partisans in a single decade made\\nrestitution and galvanized their victim into new life.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "322 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXLVI.\\nDuring the preparations for the first commencement there\\narose the beginnings of a contention in which the Provost\\nlargely figured. It was in the case of Judge Moore of Chester\\nCounty, against whom as early as March, 1757, petitions were\\nbeing sent up to the Assembly praying his removal for sundry\\nalleged acts of injustice and cruelty. These the Assembly\\ndeferred the consideration of for several weeks, but the petitions\\naccumulated. At last in August a hearing of both parties is\\nhad, and Judge Moore presents a paper in general contradiction\\nof the petitions. Adjournment is had, but instead of appearing he\\nsends in a Memorial denying authority of Assembly, as all mat-\\nters charged against him were cognizable by common law. The\\nHouse continued the case and took testimony from the peti-\\ntioners, and finally on 27 September adjudged him guilty, and\\naddressed Governor Denny requesting him to remove William\\nMoore from the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas\\nand Justice of the Peace and from all other publick Offices, Posts\\nand Employments. The animus of all this lay in the imputed\\nenmity of the Friends in the Assembly to Judge Moore, as he\\nhad taken a prominent part in the attacks on the Friends for\\ntheir Peace principles when war was hovering on the borders of\\nthe Province. The address to the Governor was by order of the\\nHouse published in the Gazette, where many of the official docu-\\nments reached the public eye. Judge Moore took umbrage at\\nthis and the Assembly having adjourned on i October, and\\nthe election for the new Assembly shortly recurring, he deemed\\nit important to submit a counter address to the Governor, which\\nwas also inserted in the Gazette his language was free and\\naggressive, for the body which had maligned him was in his opin-\\nion dead but the new Assembly composed mainly of the same\\nmembers accepted his address as an attack on their dignity, and\\n6 January, 1758, they summoned him and also William Smith to\\nthe Bar of the House to answer such questions as should then\\nand there be put to them. Mr. Smith s connection with this was\\ndue not only to the general suspicion that he was the author of", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 323\\nJudge Moore s letter to the Governor that was deemed so\\noffensive by the Assembly, which however Judge Moore declared\\nwas his own authorship but to the fact that he had been instru-\\nmental in causing its publication in the German newspaper\\nthat was published under the care of the German Society,\\nwhich was not denied. The Governor appointed a day for hear-\\ning the case, but in the meanwhile the House impatient at the\\nGovernor s tardiness and wishing to lose no time in avenging the\\nindignity to the former house had placed Judge Moore under\\narrest, which in turn he pleaded as an excuse for not appearing\\nbefore the Governor for the appointed hearing. Governor\\nDenny and the Assembly fell into an angry correspondence, as\\nthe latter came under the belief that he was seeking the refuge\\nof technicalities on behalf of the Judge. On 1 1 January he was\\nadjudged guilty of a high contempt, and ordered to be impris-\\noned until he should retract. On the 13th, Mr. Smith was called\\nup to answer for his share in this controversy, and on the 24th\\nhe was adjudged guilty of promoting and publishing the libel-\\nlous paper c, and on the next day, on being ordered in and\\ninformed of this finding, he arose and said he would make an\\nappeal to the King. On being presented with the alternative of\\na retraction, he replied, in one of his eloquent outbursts,\\nas he was conscious of no offense against the house, his lips should never\\ngive his heart the lie, there being no punishment which they could inflict\\nhalf so terrible to him as the thought of forfeiting his veracity and good\\nname with the world,\\nwhich attracted applause among his friends who were in the\\nhouse, but for which they in turn were brought up for censure\\nand admonition.\\nMr. Smith was then committed to the Sheriff for imprison-\\nment, and to Jail he went. On 4 February he applied to Chief\\n1 Atnerican Magazine, p. 200. In this serial will be found, in the Numbers\\nfor February and August, 1758, Mr. Smith s narrative of this whole proceeding.\\nThe Assembly of this province hath been sitting since the 2nd inst [January],\\nduring which time some steps have been taken, so alarming in their nature, and\\nattended with such public heats and animosities, that we dare not trust ourselves at\\npresent to give a particular account of them, least we should have caught some\\ndegree of the general infection to make us depart from our usual coolness and candor\\nof disquisition, p. 199.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "324 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nJustice Allen, a College Trustee, for a writ of Habeas Corpus,\\nbut the latter did not think himself authorized in granting such\\nas the petitioner was committed by the House for a breach of\\nprivilege. His appeal to the Governor was as well unsuccessful,\\nfor his endorsement on the petition read, The unhappy\\nsituation of the Petitioner moves me with great compassion, but\\nif I have a Power in any shape to interpose in this matter, I do\\nnot incline to excuse it, as it might, at this critical Juncture,\\nendanger the safety of the whole Province. Here he continued\\nuntil liberated about 11 April by the Supreme Court on the\\nadjournment of the Assembly but on reassembling in Septem-\\nber new writs were issued and he was again arrested and was in\\nimprisonment until the final adjournment. In the meanwhile,\\nhis appeal was prepared and had gone forward and had been\\nreferred to the Attorney General. The new Assembly in\\nNovember, again in pursuit of the vindication of the honor of the\\nformer Assembly, voted Smith s commitment to the Sergeant-at-\\nArms, but he could not be found and by i December had\\nsailed for England to prosecute in person his Appeal from the\\njudgments of the assembly. As to Judge Moore, the Governor\\ngave him a hearing in August, and adjudged him free of the\\ncharges preferred against him but the assembly still sought\\nreparation and his retraction, without avail and in February,\\n1759, the Sergeant-at-Arms reported that Moore has absconded\\nwithout paying his fees, and Smith having lately embarked for\\nEngland.\\nIt is difficult for us, so many years after these transactions,\\nto form an exact opinion on the merits of this peculiar case.\\nMr. Smith to a letter to the Bishop of London written from the\\nPhilada. County Gaol 7 February, 1758, speaks of the\\nPersecuting spirit of the Quakers against those who had the courage to\\navow themselves strenuous advocates for the defence of this His Majesty s\\nColony. Against me in particular they have had a long grudge\\nsupposing me the Author of some Pamphlets published in London to alarm\\nthe Nation of the dreadful consequences of suffering such men to continue\\nin power at this time. But finding no pretext to distress me, though lying\\nin watch for three years, the Assembly called me before them and com-\\nmitted me to gaol for having reprinted a Paper (in the German Newspaper", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 325\\nunder my Direction as a Trustee for a Society in London) which had been\\nprinted four weeks before in both the Enghsh Newspapers, and in one of\\nthem by the Assembly s own Printer after consulting the Speaker and\\ntwo other leading Members.^\\nThis statement brings the gravamen down to one charge,\\nof his instrumentality in printing it in the German paper. It is\\ntrue it had appeared in FrankHn s Gazette and Bradford s\\nJournal h\\\\xt only in sequence with other State Papers, and these\\nnewspapers were more just to Judge Moore in printing both\\nsides of the controversy than was the German paper in merely\\nprinting the Judge s Counter Address. In this sense the Assem-\\nbly adjudged him guilty of promoting and publishing a false,\\nscandalous, virulent and seditious libel against the late House\\nof Assembly of this Province, and highly derogatory of and\\ndestructive to the rights of this House and the privileges of\\nAssembly. Their error and fault lay in their entire course,\\nfor they could not pass upon the libeller of the former assembly,\\nand their proceeding to his imprisonment was contrary to all prin-\\nciple of sound justice. The Germans found that their only means\\nof securing general news was through a newspaper in their own\\nlanguage and as they were assumed to be inimical to the\\nAssembly which was largely composed of Quakers, to circulate\\nJudge Moore s Counter Address was certainly treating them to\\nthat view of the controversy which was the most prejudicial\\nto their influence, and they rightly deemed that this was not the\\nintent of the publication in the German newspaper. But whatever\\nthe former Assembly might have done to vindicate their honor,\\ntheir successors had no standing upon which to take up the\\ncudgels for them. Here was Mr. Smith s strong point, and he\\nwas aware of it and he would be content with even imprison-\\nment if he felt that justice in the end would be attained.\\nThat there were lurking suspicions against Mr, Smith as to\\nhis connection with the controversies of the day, and somewhat\\nof a fear of the force of his trenchant pen, there can be no doubt,\\nbut to what extent there existed g-round for the former we now\\n2 Isaac Norris, William Masters, and Joseph Galloway. American\\nMagazine, p. 200.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "326 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nknow not, but we can well judge that both his tongue and his\\npen were deemed strong weapons, which perhaps were more\\ndreaded than respected. These were not entertained alone by\\nthe Quakers, as Smith always termed the Friends, although he\\nappeared to lay at their door all the charges of enmity to him.\\nIn the Assembly which now passed judgment upon him there\\nwere three of his College Trustees, Leech, Masters, and Plum-\\nsted, all Churchmen, and so far as we know they did not\\nbefriend him. Even good old Dr. Jenney, the Rector of Christ\\nChurch, had no warm thought for the young cleric-politician,\\nfor on 27 November of the same year he wrote to the Arch-\\nbishop of Canterbury\\nWhat I am most concerned for and apprehensive of evil conse-\\nquences from is the practice of some Clergymen here to intermix what is\\ntheir true and real business with politics in civil affairs and being so zealous\\ntherein as to blame and even revile those of their Brethren who cannot\\napprove of their conduct in this particular. I am very sorry to be forced\\nto name one William Smith, who tis said is gone to England with this\\nview, and without doubt will wait upon your grace. He pre-\\ntends to be a great intimate of the Hon ble Mr. Thomas Penn, our Pro-\\nprietor, and several other great men whose favour he boasts of, but I am\\nin Hopes that no great man will support him in his misrepresentation of\\nme without giving me an opportunity to clear myself.\\nOne element of opposition to him was found, probably, in\\na natural but unreasonable local prejudice against a new comer\\ninto the community engaging so heartily in provincial contests,\\nfor he had been a resident of Philadelphia but three years when\\nhe became a partisan of Judge Moore. His dislike of the\\nAssembly, on account of its Quaker influences, was perhaps\\nreciprocated on account of their repugnance to a minister of\\nChrist who was so valorous for war but his opponents in the\\nAssembly were not always these Quakers. Politics found in him\\na congenial adherent, and it was impossible with his peculiar\\ntemperament for him to keep out of the fray that was raging\\nin the press around him. Had a contrary attitude prevailed,\\nhis influence on the side of peace and harmony would have been\\nof great avail, but his pen was but adding fuel to the flames.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 327\\nXLVII.\\nThe circumstances of the province military-wise were\\npeculiar, and were made more conspicuous in its position of\\ndanger by surrounding enemies, from whom it could only\\ndefend itself by its own resources. These resources, so far as\\nthe descendants of Penn s followers could be considered, were\\nnot drawn from any military preparations, but only from the\\nmighty arm of peace and good-will. Had the Friends been the\\nonly citizens in the Province, it is not without reason to suppose\\nthat they would never have been harassed by enemies, for the\\nIndians would have been their defendants against the French\\ninstead of befriending the subtle foe but from the mixed nature\\nof the inhabitants offences could not be avoided, and the peace\\npolicy of the Friends lost all its force. Mr. Smith, in Novem-\\nber, 1757, describes the situation thus\\nThe province of Pennsylvan ia has something peculiar to itself that\\nrenders this task harder in it than in almost any other country. We are at\\npresent a trading and not a military colony and of eight religious denomi-\\nnations that are of most note among us (if we follow the example of our\\nmother country) we can only depend on four to bear arms. The Roman\\nCatholics are excluded for political reasons the Unitas Fratrum or Mora-\\nvians are exempted from all personal service by an act of parliament in\\n1749 and the Quakers and Mennonites, two numerous and wealthy socie-\\nties, cannot bear arms consistent with their religious tenets so that the\\ndanger and burden of publick defence is devolved on the members of the\\nChurch of England, the English and German Presbyterians, the Lutherans,\\nand the English Baptists. But these will think it hard and unequal to\\nexpose their lives to maintain their neighbors in ease and safety, who have\\nequal estates and privileges and it may be thought as hard to obhge men\\nby a law, to do that in defence of their lives or estates, which they are per-\\nsuaded will ruin their souls. If the burden of defence be cast\\non the four religious denominations who can bear arms, it would be\\nunequal and severe nay, it would be to preserve the religious rights of\\none part of the State at the expense of the civil rights of another.^\\nThus the Friends, being the greatest in number and\\ninfluence of all the combatants, attracted to themselves the\\nopposition of those who were impatient at their conscientious\\nProposal for a Militia in Pennsylvania. American Magazine, p. 63.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "328 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ndenial of appropriations for military purposes, and in contem-\\nporary politics they bore the brunt of accusations that they were\\nexposing the borders of the Province to Indian and French\\ndepredations. This revilement was convenient and easy, yet\\nno attempt was made by their accusers to pursue that even-\\nhanded justice with the native Savage which would have gone a\\nlong way to avert the calamities of war.\\nXLVIII.\\nMr. Smith s occupation in this arraignment and imprison-\\nment necessarily deprived the College of his continuous atten-\\ntion and references to this peculiar condition of affairs are\\nfound twice in the Minutes of the Trustees. On 4 February,\\nthe first meeting after his imprisonment, when the refusal to\\nhim on that day by Chief Justice Allen of a writ of Habeas\\nCorpus rendered his release for the remainder of the Assem-\\nbly s session hopeless, it is recorded\\nthe Assembly ot the Province having taken Mr Smith into Custody the\\nTrustees considered how the Inconveniences from thence arising to the\\nCollege might be best remedied, and Mr Smith having expressed a Desire\\nto continue his Lectures to the Classes which had formerly attended them,\\nthe Students also inclining to proceed in their Studies under his care\\nThey ordered that the said Classes should attend him for that Purpose at\\nthe usual Hours in the Place of his present Confinement\\nthis being in the County Prison at the corner of Walnut\\nand Sixth Streets, and here the young Provost taught his\\nclasses within a stone s throw of the lot which James Logan\\nhad in 1749 offered the Trustees for the use of their new\\nAcademy. And here he remained, unyielding in his position\\nand surrounded by his classes, until his liberation in April upon\\nadjournment of the Assembly. But no steps were taken for\\nthe annual commencement, possibly under the apprehension lest", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 329\\na public ceremony of this kind would draw some of the hostility\\nexhibited by the partisans of the Assembly against its Provost,\\npersonally towards the College and its Trustees. Three of the\\nyoung men were ready for their degrees Andrew Allen, James\\nAllen, and John Morris had undergone the usual public exami-\\nnation with approbation, but they had to await the commence-\\nment exercises of 1759 for their public reception.\\nBut in the midst of Mr. Smith s trials and imprisonment,\\ncame the romance of his life. In his acquaintance with Judge\\nMoore and his family, he could not but be attracted by the\\ncharms of his daughter Rebecca, a beautiful and accomplished\\ngirl. She was a faithful visitor to her Father in his confinement,\\nand while the Judge and the Provost in their long hours of\\nimprisonment must have often conferred together upon their\\nwrongs and have fostered each in the other common courage\\nand endurance, and maintained a mutual hope of ultimate free-\\ndom, the latter must have had frequent and favorable opportu-\\nnities of cultivating an acquaintance with the former s lovely\\nvisitor an engagement followed, and in a few weeks after his\\nliberation they were married on 3 June, 1750, at Moore Hall,\\nin Chester County, the Judge s residence. Mrs. Smith s eldest\\nsister, Williamina, had married in 1748, Dr. Phineas Bond. Of\\nthis alliance, his Biographer records\\nhe was indebted for a well-assorted and happy connexion it was\\nevery way judicious family, fortune and external circumstances, combined\\nwith considerations of feeling; to make it wise.\\n1 Minutes, 8 June, 1759. See Smith i. 186.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "330 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nXLIX.\\nBut, with all his employments of mind and heart early in\\n1758, William Smith s thoughts drifted again to public affairs; and\\nout of his keen anxieties for the safety of the Province in the\\napproaching campaign which General Forbes was now undertak-\\ning against Fort Duquesne, came his Earnest address to the\\nColonies, particularly those of the Southern district on the\\nopening of the Campaign, 1758, to which the concluding para-\\ngraph gives an eloquent closing\\nRise, then, my countrymen, as you value the blessings you enjoy,\\nand dread the evils that hang over you, rise and show yourselves worthy of\\nthe name of Britons rise to secure to your posterity, peace, freedom, and\\na pure religion rise to chastize a perfidious nation for their breach of\\ntreaties, their detestable cruelties, and their horrid murders remember the\\ncries of your captivated brethren, your orphan children, your helpless\\nwidows, and thousands of beggar d families think of Monongahela, Fort\\nWilliam Henry, and those scenes of savage death, where the mangled\\nlimbs of your fellow citizens lie strewed upon the plain calling upon you\\nto retrieve the honor of the British name Thus animated and roused, and\\nthus putting your confidence, where alone it can be put, let us go forth in\\nhumble boldness and the Lord do what seemeth him good.\\nThe hopeful anticipations of the colonists for this campaign\\nwere realised and we find Mr. Smith preaching in Trinity\\nChurch, New York, on 17 September, 1758, his sermon on\\nthe Duty of praising God for signal Mercies and Deliverances,\\non occasion of the remarkable success of His Majesty s Arms\\nin America, during that Campaign which he repeated at\\nOxford, Pennsylvania, on i October\\nAfter the days of mourning which we have seen, the short period of\\none year has produced such a turn in favour of the Protestant cause, as\\nastonishes ourselves, and among posterity will scarce be believed. The\\nwonderful successes of the Prussian Hero, towards the close of the last\\ncampaign in Germany and the successes which, in the present campaign,\\nGod has already been pleased to bestow on the British arms in America, by\\nthe reduction of Louisburg, and other important places, furnish a series of\\n1 Pennsylvania Gazette of 24 August, 1 758, announces the New York post\\nriding ninety miles last Monday to bring news of the fall of Louisburg, our bells\\nwere set a Kinging, the Guns were fired, Bonfires were lighted, and the city was\\nbeautifully illuminated.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 331\\nsuch happy events, that if any one had proposed them to our hopes a\\ntwelvemonth ago, we should have thought him mocking our credulity, or\\ninsulting our distress. The best fruits of victory are beset around\\nwith thorns and what are days of rejoicing to others are but days of\\nmourning to many, whose dearest Relatives have given up their lives, a sac-\\nrifice in the contest. This world is a chequered scene, and we are to expect\\nno pure bliss in it.\\nL.\\nThe new Assembly which convened in November was\\nseeking Mr. Smith for further imprisonment. His appeal had\\ngone forward to England. He may have hoped the coming\\nAssembly would not strain its authority as had the former\\nAssembly, and he might remain unmolested in the pursuit of\\nof his duties. But he was disappointed, and at his request the\\nPresident called\\nan especial Meeting on the 226. November, that the Trustees might be\\nmade acquainted that he had been imprisoned by a former Assembly for a\\nsupposed offence in promoting and publishing an Address of William\\nMoore, Esq to the Honourable William Denny, Esq the Governor of this\\nProvince, which that House had voted a Libel against them and the Privi-\\nleges of Assembly that he conceived though the Charge against him had\\nbeen true, which however he utterly denied, he did not think it a Matter\\ncognizable before them: that, not having hitherto made any Submission for\\nthe said supposed offence, the present assembly had issued their Warrant\\nto apprehend him and take him into Custody and being, in this Situa-\\ntion, rendered incapable for the present to discharge the Duty of his Sta-\\ntion, he designed with the consent and approbation of the Trustees speedily\\nto sail for England to solicit his Majesty for relief and prayed the Trustees\\nto grant him their License for that Purpose\\nand on Dr. Peters assuring them of the expected assistance of the\\nRev. Mr. Ewing in the Provost s absence,\\nthe Trustees took Mr Smith s Request into consideration and unanimously\\nagreed to give Mr Smith their Leave to take a Voyage to England, and to", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "332 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nbe absent from his service in the College till the first Day of June next, a\\nwhich Time they would very cheerfully receive him again as their Provost,\\nand on this occasion they thought it incumbent on them to do Mr Smith\\nthe Justice to testify their Sense of his great abilities and the Satisfaction\\nhe had given them in the faithful Discharge of his office.\\nFurnished with this diplomatic but kindly action of the\\nTrustees for they forebore using any word or phrase which\\nmight seem to befriend the subject of it as endangering the\\nnotice of the Assembly, Mr. Smith took passage for England\\nabout I December, arriving in London on New Year s Day,\\n1759. He prosecuted his appeal with success, and on 26 June\\nthe Privy Council granted him the relief he sought, declaring\\nhis Majesty s high displeasure at the unwarrantable behaviour of\\nthe House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in assuming to\\nthemselves powers which do not belong to them, and invading\\nboth his Majesty s Royal Prerogative, and the Liberties of the\\nSubject and with the order in his pocket to the Governor to\\nsignify the same to the Assembly, he set his face homeward and\\narrived in Philadelphia on 8 October. He also brought with him\\nthe Degree Sacrosanctas Theologiae Doctor et Magister from\\nthe University of Aberdeen, dated 10 March, 1759, and that of\\nDoctor in Sacra Theologia of the University of Oxford, of\\nseventeen days later. His visit to England was singularly\\nfavorable, as the influence of the Penns, of whose cause in\\nPennsylvania he was perhaps the ablest advocate, befriended\\nhim and enabled him with more readiness to prosecute his\\nappeal. This was helped in turn by the Oxford Degree and at\\na time when the Assembly s representative was pleading without\\nsuccess for relief from Proprietary restrictions, to mark with\\nsignal favor, by college and ro) alty, the man who was in fact\\ncombating that complaint, was an opportunity that might not\\nbe lost at this critical political juncture. The Penn family were\\nnow Church of England people, and had lost the personal sym-\\npathies of their great ancestor s co-religionists who were quite\\nfree to join the popular party who were combating the Proprie-\\ntary selfishness. Thus on every hand, the Penns would welcome\\nthe man whose trenchant pen was maintaining their authority", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 335,\\nin a distant province which had reason to fault their absenteeism,\\nand exactions. Under these peculiar circumstances, Dr. Smith\\ndid not confer with Franklin, then in England. We know not\\nwhether they met. Ordinarily, it might be thought he would\\nseek counsel of the man who had made for him such an excel-\\nlent position in Pennsylvania but to avail himself of the influ-\\nence of the Penns, it was essential there should be no entangle-\\nment or acknowledged intercourse with the representative of the\\nAssembly whose attitude was one of opposition to that family..\\nHowever, the author of the Account of the College and Academy\\nof Philadelphia in the American Magazine for October, 1758,.\\nmight not expect a welcome or any aid from the man upon\\nwhom he had therein recorded an injustice and a copy of this;\\nmay have reached Franklin, as his partner must have kept him\\nsupplied with all home publications.\\nThe American Magazine or Monthly ChroJticle for the\\nBritish Colonies, was undertaken in October, 1757, by a\\nSociety of Gentlemen, and published by William Bradford,\\nat his establishment in the London Coffee House, at the corner\\nof Front and Market Streets, and bore the Motto on its title\\npages, Veritatis cultores. Fraiidis inimici. Bradford had such a\\npublication long in mind, and finally in William Smith he found,\\nhis editor.\\nThe parties saw in each other their required complements and with\\nsuch a literary support as Dr. Smith both ready and able with his pen,\\nmethodical in business, and with talents formed equally to gratify the\\nlearned and to attract those inspiring to learn Bradford felt that he could\\nsafely begin his work.\\n1 Smith, i. 165. The Editor writes to George Washington, lo November\\n1757, soliciting his interest in the pubHcation and displaying some of his plans in its\\nconduct: Sir: You ll perceive your name in the list of those tis hoped will,\\nencourage the enclosed Magazine I hope you ll forgive the Liberty we have taken\\nas you are placed in good company in a good design. Tis a work which may be\\nrendered of very general Service to all the Colonies. We shall be under particular\\nObligations for every Subscriber you can procure, to give the work a general Run.\\nI have not been unmindful of the Papers you sent relating to the French Memorial\\nyou would have seen proper use made of them before now in the general His-\\ntory of the present War which you find promised in the Magazine. I shall therefore,\\nbe greatly obliged to you for every Light you can throw upon that Subject.\\nAs you acted a principal part in all these Affairs, and as it is our design to do the\\nutmost Justice to all concerned especially those Patriots brave men born in\\nAmerica, who have distinguished themselves in the present war, I must rely on your", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "334 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe Editor in his preface says\\nWe think we have every advantage for carrying it on, which this new\\nworld can afford. We are placed in the centre of the British Colonies, in\\na city that has extensive commerce, and immediate communication with\\nall our other settlements. We have also the opportunity of decorating our\\nwork with engravings of every sort, for demonstrations in mathematics,\\nand other necessary cuts and figures, by means of an able workman\\nresiding among us.\\nEbenezer Kinnersley and Thomas Godfrey were contrib-\\nutors to its pages. Some of the early poems of Frances Hop-\\nkinson adorned them. William Smith contributed the Hermit,\\nthe Antigallican, the Planter, the Watchman, and the Prattler,\\neach continued through various numbers and the Monthly\\nChronicle furnished the latest news from abroad and political\\nintelligence at home. It was a Magazine well ahead of the\\ntimes but its life was brief, the last number being that of Octo-\\nber, 1758, which contains a Postscript dated 14 November,\\nreciting that\\nas the design was at first set on foot by a number of gentlemen, merely\\nwith a view to promote a taste for Letters and useful knowledge in this\\nAmerican World, and as several of the principal hands who first engaged\\nin it, are now obliged to give their constant attention to other matters, the\\ncarrying on the work falls too heavy on the remainder, so that it has been\\ndetermined to discontinue it, at least for some time.\\nThe Editor, upon whose skill and management its life\\ndepended, was now contemplating his visit to England in prose-\\ncution of his appeal, and Bradford discontinued its publication,\\nwhich if reputation or profit had been their motive, the work\\nwould have been long continued.\\nThe account of the College and Academy prepared by the\\nProvost for the last number of this Magazine was inserted in\\nsubstance in the edition of his Discourses which were published\\nAssistance, so far as comes within your koowledge. As this history is to be\\na full one will probably be long preserved, I flatter myself that your Regard for\\nyour Country and Desire to have its interests understood will excuse this trouble,\\ninduce you to send me as soon as possible what I have requested. If we delay long,\\nthe Thing may fall to other hands, less inclined to a disinterested execution of it.\\nSend the subscribers Names for the Magazine to me but do not mention\\nmy name to any Body, -x- Wm. Smith. Letters to Washington edited\\nby S. M. Hamilton, 1899, 233.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "HiSTOKY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 335\\nin London during his visit there in 1759, and this has been fol-\\nlowed in the later edition of his Discourses and that of his\\nWorks. Both publications open with the statement that\\nin the year 1749, a number of private gentlemen, who had long regretted\\nit as misfortune to the youth of this province that we had no public Semi-\\nnary, in which they might receive the accomplishments of a regular\\neducation, published a paper of hints and proposals for erecting an\\nacademy in this city.\\nBut the Discourses of 1757 omit a phrase in the third para-\\ngraph, found in the Magazine\\nAt first only three persons were concerned in forming it, two of\\nwhom are since dead, and the other now in England. These communi-\\ncated their thoughts to others, till at last the number of [here the narrative\\ncontinues alike in both] twenty-four joined themselves together as\\nTrustees, c.\\nThe one now in England was FrankHn the two since\\ndead, were Francis and Hopkinson for though Logan, Law-\\nrence, Zachary and Willing were also since dead, the two here\\nnamed were those intended by the writer. It is not probable\\nthis mode of reference to the author of the Proposals and the\\noriginator of the Academy would have been made had he been\\nat the time at home. This allusion of 1758 was of an opposite\\ncharacter to that of 1753 (which was indeed repeated in 1762)\\nwhere in his Mirania he refers to the English School and\\nAcademy in Philadelphia first sketched out by the very ingen-\\nious and worthy Mr. Franklin of that place. Certain personal\\nreferences to the Faculty of the College, added to the account\\nin the Magazine, and which will be noticed hereafter, do not\\nfind place in its subsequent publications. It was no light work\\nto edit such a Magazine, and it affords another evidence of\\nWilliam Smith s mental activity aud unfailing industry that he\\nshould continue it through the particular harassments that the\\nyear 1758 brought to him.\\nMiranians, p. 15. In the second edition included in the Discourses of\\n1762, this reference is put in a footnote and reads first sketched out by the\\ningenious Dr. Franklin of that place.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "336 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nLI.\\nIn following the steps of the Provost from the Commence-\\nment of 1757, we have done so continuously for the space of\\ntwo years, in order that the narrative of this period of his life\\nshould be unbroken. It is not only the doings of the man that\\nhave been noted, but of the Provost, for it seems almost\\nimpossible to separate the man from the incumbent, as the\\ninfluences which he carried with him were felt more or less by\\nthe College his individuality and force impressed themselves\\nupon every undertaking in which he took an interest, and what\\nwork was there in which he had a share in which he did not\\nfully interest himself?\\nThe subject of a Library had forced itself upon the atten-\\ntion of the Trustees. At the meeting at which the Provost s\\narrest was reported, 4 February, 1758, a Minute records\\nIt being represented to the Trustees that many of the Students in the\\nPhilosophy School had been very deficient in their Exercises and other-\\nways much retarded in their Studies for Want of a Library furnished with\\nsuitable Books in the different Branches of Science, the Clerk was there-\\nfore directed to acquaint the Trustees by the next written Notices that a\\nProposal was under consideration for granting a sum of money to be laid\\nout in purchasing an assortment of approved Authors for the Use of the\\nCollege, a list of which was laid before the Trustees at this Meeting.\\nNo further reference to this present effort appears, but it\\nwas successful. On 9 February, 1762,\\nMr William Dunlap having been so good as to make a present of some\\nbooks to the College, the Catalogue was read over and the Books\\nexamined therewith having been first placed in their proper order upon\\nShelves.\\nAnd two years later we find the subject a matter of action on.\\n10 April, 1764,\\nMr Peters and Mr Duche are appointed a Committee to inspect the\\nCollege Library, taking Professor Ewing to their Assistance, and to com-\\npare it with the Catalogue which after their examination is to be inserted\\nin the Minutes. And further that they examine the Apparatus for Experi-\\nmental Philosophy and compare it with the Catalogue, which is likewise to\\nbe inserted in the Minutes", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 337\\nwhich latter however, the Clerk failed to do, and thus deprived\\nus of the pleasure of knowing the works of a College Library\\nat that day.\\nProfessor Ewing s name first appeared in the Minutes of\\n22 November, 1758, when provision had to be made to supply\\nMr. Smith s place, who was then granted leave to depart for\\nEngland\\nThe President further acquainted the Trustees that Mr Ewing, late\\nProfessor and teacher of the Mathematics in the new College erected at\\nPrinceton in New Jersey, was represented to him as a Person capable of\\ncontinuing Mr Smith s Lectures in the Philosophical Classes, and of\\ninstructing the Students in the several Branches of Knowledge alloted to\\nMr Smith, and that it was believed he would readily give his Assistance in\\nthe Academy till Mr Smith s return. The Trustees desired Mr Peters\\nwould immediately write to Mr Ewing to know if he would supply the\\nPlace of Mr Smith in the Philosophical Classes, and if he should accept,\\nand be found capable of this service then to engage him on such Terms\\nas could be agreed to, to be paid by Mr Smith out of his Salary. [And\\nwith further concern for the College, whose interests doubtless felt the\\ndepressing effects of all the political turmoil in which its head was\\ninvolved,] The Professors were ordered to attend upon this occasion and\\ndesire respectively to give their assistance in their respective services to the\\nStudents under Mr Smith s care and to Mr Ewing or whoever else should\\nbe got to supply his Place, and they with the utmost Cheerfulness, each for\\nhimself, declared Nothing should be wanting in their Power to serve the\\nStudents and likewise Mr Ewing or any other Gentleman who should be\\nemployed to do Mr. Smith s Duty.\\nAt this meeting attended Messrs. Peters, White, Cadwalader,\\nAllen, Stedman, Maddox, P.Bond, M Call, Mifflin, Inglis, T.\\nBond, Plumsted, Turner and Shippen. It was a grave moment,\\nand called out a larger number than customary of the Trustees;\\ntwo of whom, Maddox and Mifflin, were now to meet with them\\nno more.\\nAt the following meeting, on 12 December,\\nthe President acquainted the Trustees that having wrote to Mr. Ewing,\\naccording to the Desire of the Trustees at the last Meeting he had been\\nkind enough to come to Town, and had, by Way of Trial, assisted Mr\\nAlison in reading the Lectures and giving the Instructions to the Studeitts\\nin the highest classes in the same Manner Mr. Smith used to do, and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "33S History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nappeared to be extremely well qualified and the Students having expressed\\ntheir Satisfaction to Mr Peters he should, with their leave, proceed to engage\\nhis Service upon the best Terms he could make with him, which they\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2desired might be done.\\nThus was begun a connection with the institution which\\nlasted until Dr. Ewing s death in 1802; appointed Pro-\\nfessor of Natural Philsophy in 1762, he was made Provost\\nof the new institution which in 1779 took the place of the\\nCollege and Academy, and in turn became the first Provost of\\nthe University of Pennsylvania, the institution which carried on\\nthe work and the traditions of both,\\nVice-Provost Alison was ably assisted by Mr. Ewing, and\\nthe Senior Class proceeded without interruption to the com-\\npletion of their studies. On 6 April, 1759, the Trustees met\\nin the common Hall, namely Messrs. Peters, White, Cad-\\nwalader, Turner, Stedman, E. Shippen, M Call, Inglis, Strettell,\\nT. Bond, Plumsted, P. Bond, Chew, W. Shippen, and Leech,\\nand attended\\na Public Examination held in the presence of the Governor, several\\nstrangers of Distinction, and many of the Citizens, when the undernamed\\nStudents were examined,\\nSamuel Powel Samuel Keene\\nWilliam Paca Alexander Lawson\\nJohn Beard Nathaniel Chapman\\nWilliam Edmiston\\n[and on the day following, the day being Saturday] the examination was\\ncontinued and the Students having acquitted themselves to the Satis-\\nfaction of the Trustees and all present, it was the unanimous opinion of\\nthe Trustees that they should be admitted to the first Degree of the\\nBatchelor of Arts and that the Commencement should be held on the\\neighth of June, and Notice be given thereof in the Gazette.\\nAt this last meeting,\\nthe Reverend Mr Hector Alison and the Reverend Mr John Ewing, Assis-\\ntant Professor of Natural Philosophy in the absence of the Provost,\\npetitioned that the honorary Degree of Master of Arts might be conferred\\nupon them at the next commencement and it appearing that they merited\\nthe same, their Request was granted.\\nAt the meeting on 8 May, Messrs. Peters, Coleman and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 339\\nEdward Shipper) alone attended, but the minute of their pro-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ceedings recites\\nThe two Charity Schools were visited, the Boys and Girls examined\\nas to their Reading, Writing and casting Accounts, and it appeared that they\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2were carefully instructed. The copy Books of the Boys in the Latin School\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2were likewise examined and it is recommended to Prof. Beveridge that the\\nBoys attended their writing more diligently.\\nLIL\\nThe second Commencement Day arrived, 7 June, 1759, and\\nwas duly advertised, at which time the Company of all that\\nplease to attend will be very acceptable. The Trustees met,\\nand the three undergraduates who met with no Commencement\\nin 1758, Andrew and James Allen and John Morris,\\nreminded the Trustees that they had finished their Studies and had under-\\ngone a pubHc Examination last year, and were favored with their\\nApprobation, and therefore, with their leave, they proposed to offer them-\\nselves for the Degree of Batchelor of Arts, and requested a Mandate to the\\nFaculty to admit them,\\nwhich was granted them; and then the Vice Provost presented\\nto the Trustees the young men who had passed their Exami-\\nnation in April, together with John Hall,\\nas Candidates for the Degree of Batchelor of Arts, informing them, that\\nthey had finished their Studies, had undergone a public examination, and\\nwere well qualified whereupon the Trustees issued the written Mandate\\nunder their Hands and the privy seal of their College, directed to the\\nProvost, Vice Provost and Professors requiring them to admit said Students\\nto the Degree of Batchelor of Arts, and likewise they gave a like Mandate\\nto admit the Reverend Mr Hector Alison, now on Duty as Chaplain in the\\nPennsylvania Regiment, and the Reverend Mr John Ewing, their present\\nLecturer in Natural Philosophy to the honorary Degree of Master of Arts\\nPenna. Gazette, 7 June, 1759.\\nThis may have been had on Monday, 14 August, 1758, notice for which was\\nadvertised in the Penna. Gazette, 10 August.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "340 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe minute then proceeds to narrate, by way of making a\\nrecord of the Commencement exercises\\nAfter which the Trustees repaired to the Academy Hall, preceded by\\nthe candidatesjfor Degrees in their Gowns, and the members of the Faculty\\nin their Gowns, and were followed by the Masters and Tutors of the\\nseveral schools at the head of the Junior Classes aud the Scholars, who\\nwalked in Procession, two by two and having respectively taken their\\nSeats, the Commencement was opened by Prayers, performed after the\\nRites of the Church of England by the Reverend Mr. Peters, President.\\nThe honorable the Governor, several officers of the Army, a great\\nmany Gentlemen of this and the other Colonies and a number of Ladies\\nand Citizens were pleased to favor us with their Presence.\\nThere was a great Variety of entertaining Orations and public Dispu-\\ntations in the Latin and English languages, in which the Students, acquit-\\nting themselves with universal applause, the Rev Mr Alison, who presided\\naccording to Charter, in the absence of the Provost, conferred the several\\nDegrees as directed by the two Mandates.\\nAt the close of this Ceremony, which was performed in a very solemn\\nManner, the Vice Provost made a serious Address to the Graduates, exhort-\\ning them to fear God, prosecute their Studies, and make it the whole\\nEndeavor of their Lives to become as useful as possible in their respective\\nStations, and to consider this World as preparative for the Fruition of our\\nholy GOD, in that glorious State of Immortality, which through the Merits\\nof our blessed Saviour, was to succeed this transitory life. And then con-\\ncluded with a suitable Prayer.\\nIt gave the Trustees a very sensible Pleasure to hear the Commenda-\\ntions that were given of the whole Performances by almost every Body\\npresent.\\nOf the distinguished class who received their degrees this\\nday, Andrew Allen and Samuel Powel in later years became\\nTrustees of the College, the former being a member of the\\nCouncil William Paca became a Signer of the Declaration of\\nIndependence and Governor of Maryland John Morris became\\nMaster of the Rolls of Pennsylvania John Beard a Tutor in\\nthe College and William Edmiston and Samuel Keene entered\\nthe ministry. By the Treasurer s books we find that Keene was\\ntutoring during his last year at College.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 341\\nLIII.\\nIt was during the controversies of the past year and before\\nMr. Ewing was called to take the Provost s classes in his absence,\\nthat another Professor was added to the Faculty. At the meet-\\ning of the Trustees on 13 June, the State of the Latin School\\nwas taken into consideration Mr. Alison declared that the\\nPhilosophy Schools were so full, that in his present state of\\nhealth he could not continue to attend and recommended it to\\nthe Trustees to supply that place as soon as possible. Where-\\nupon,\\nMr Peters informed the Trustees that Mr Beveridge was come to town in\\nconsequence of the Letters wrote to him by Mr Smith, Mr Alison and Mr\\nJackson; that he had examined him in a close manner, by which he was\\nsatisfied as to his Knowledge of the Latin, and as his Testimonials certified\\nthe same, as well as that he was a man of Virtue and good morals, he was\\nof opinion that he would make an excellent Master. [Testimonials were\\nsubmitted from] the Ruddimans and others of eminent character in Edin-\\nburgh and from the gentlemen Trustees of Hereford School. [He] was\\ncalled in, and after sometime spent in Conversation, withdrew. The Ques-\\ntion hereupon was put whether he should be appointed to the Professorship\\nof the Languages, and the care of the Latin School, [and the vote was\\nunanimous in his favor.] He was called in again and accepted on the\\nsame terms with Mr Jackson, but acquainted the Trustees that some\\ntime in August, his affairs required his being at Hereford, and prayed\\nthe Trustees he might be allowed to go there in order to settle his concerns\\nand bring his Family to Town. In his younger years he taught a grammar\\nschool in the city of Edinburgh, under the particular patronage of the\\ngreat Mr Ruddiman.\\nWilliam Smith, in the last number of the American Maga-\\nzine, October, 1758, speaks warmly of his attainments as a classi-\\ncal scholar, and quotes some of his Latin verses\\nBy the specimens he has given, he will undoubtedly be acknowledged\\none of the ablest masters in the Latin Tongue on this continent and it is\\na singular happiness to the institution that on the vacancy of a professor of\\nlanguages, the Trustees were directed to such an excellent choice, as it must\\nbe the certain means of increasing the number of students from all parts,\\nwith such as are desirous of attaining the Latin tongue in its native purity\\nand beauty.^\\n1 Atnerican Magazine, p. 640.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "342 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nAlexander Graydon says of him he was no disciplinarian,\\nand consequently very unequal to the management of seventy\\nor eighty boys. From his student s view, he records this\\ndescription of him\\nThe person whose pupil I was consequently to become, was Mr John\\nBeveridge, a native of Scotland, who retained the smack of his vernacular\\ntongue in its primitive purity. His acquaintance with the language he\\ntaught, was, I believe justly deemed to be very accurate and profound.\\nBut as to his other acquirements, after excepting the game of backgammon,\\nin which he was said to excel, truth will not warrant me in saying a great\\ndeal. He was, however, diligent and laborious in his attention to his\\nschool and had he possessed the faculty of making himself beloved by\\nhis scholars, and of exciting their emulation and exertion, nothing would\\nhave been wanting to an entire qualification for his office. But, unfortu-\\nnately, he had no dignity of character, and was no less destitute of the art\\nof making himself respected than beloved. Though not perhaps to be\\ncomplained of as intolerably severe, he yet made a pretty free use of the\\nratan and the ferule, but this to very Itttle purpose. So entire\\nwas the want of respect towards him, and so liable was he to be imposed\\nupon, that one of the larger boys, for a wager, once pulled off his wig,\\nwhich he effected by suddenly twitching it from his head under pretence of\\nbrushing from it a spider and the unequivocal insult was only resented by\\nthe peevish exclamation of Jioot inon\\nTn preparing their plans for the Fall term of 1759 for the\\nProvost was yet detained in England some changes were made\\nnecessary in the corps of teachers. Dr. Peters reported to the\\nTrustees, 14 August, that\\nMr, Kinnersley still continued very bad, and that he had not been able\\nfor some time past to attend the English School, and that he had prevailed\\nupon Mr. Montgomery to supply his Place, and he had the Pleasure to let\\nthem know that the Scholars were well instructed. Mr. Grew was\\nfallen into Consumption, and not being able to attend the school, Mr.\\nPratt the Writing Master, for the present supply d his Place.\\nMr. Latta being obliged, in consequence of an order of the Synod, to go to\\nVirginia and Carolina this Fall, and there to officiate as an itinerant Preacher,\\nhad given them notice that he could not continue after the middle of\\nOctober. Mr. Morton now one of the Tutors in the Latin\\nSchool had given them Notice of his Intentions to accept an Invitation he\\nhad received to take the charge of the Public School at Bohemia\\n^Memoirs, p. 35.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 343\\n[Maryland], and made them the most grateful acknowledgments for the\\nmany Favors they had conferred upon him and particularly for their late\\nAdvancement of him into the Latin School, intimating at the same\\ntime that if there should be a vacancy in the English School and they\\nshould think him worthy of that Professorship, it might induce him to alter\\nhis intentions.^\\nAt the meeting of 1 1 September, Mr. Montgomery, upon his\\npetition, was appointed an Usher in the Latin School on trial,\\nto fill one of the\\nPlaces which were Vacant in the Latin School by the going away of Mr\\nLatta and Mr Morton, and Mr Peters and Mr Alison reporting that he was\\na good Latin and Greek Scholar, and in other respects well qualified.\\nAnd at the meeting of 9 October, he was confirmed as an Usher\\nand John Beard, a graduate at the the last Commencement, was\\nalso elected an Usher in the Latin School. Joseph Montgomery,\\nwho was a graduate of Princeton in the class of 1755, did not\\ncontinue in this connection longer than May, 1760. He entered\\nthe Presbyterian ministry, and was a member of the Continental\\nCongress from 1780 to 1784.^ Mr. Grew soon fell a victim to\\nhis consumption and at the meeting of 1 1 December fol-\\nlowing\\nIt was further agreed that our want of a Mathematical Master should be\\nadvertised in the next Gazette, and the Provost was instructed to draw and\\ninsert a proper advertisement.\\nWithin a twelvemonth two vacancies occurred among the\\nTrustees by death to succeed Mr. Francis, Edward Shippen,\\njr., his pupil and his son-in-law, and the nephew of Dr. William\\nShippen the Trustee, was elected on 12 September, 1758 and to\\nsucceed Mr Mifflin, William Coxe, also a son-in-law of Mr Fran-\\ncis, was elected on 11 July, 1759.\\nMr. Morton subsequently took orders in the Church of England, being\\nordained by the Bishop of London 17 March, 1760, and licensed for Missionary work\\nin New Jersey. Later w.e find him Rector of St. Thomas Church, Hunterdon Co.,\\nNew Jersey, and officiating at Easton, Penna. Penna. Magazine, x. 258. Perry s\\nHistory of the American Episcopal Church, i. 243.\\nMemoir by his great grandson, Hon. J. Montgomery Forster.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "344 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLIV.\\nProvost Smith, as has been seen, was detained in England\\nlonger than was anticipated, and he arrived home early in\\nOctober, the day before the monthly meeting of the Trustees.\\nOn the 9th, only three of the Trustees being in attendance,\\nMessrs. Peters, Stedman and Strettell, business was proceeded\\nwith, the Provost was received, and the pleasant event recorded\\nat full in the Minutes\\nThe Reverend Mr Provost Smith arrived yesterday from England and\\nwas very kindly and affectionately received. He expressed great concern for\\nhis long absence, and hoped that as he had obtained the Royal order in\\nhis favour, he should for the future be able to discharge his Duty without\\nany interruption. He informed the Trustees that this Academy was in\\nhigh Esteem in Great Britain and was well assured the Institution would\\nfind many warm and good Friends among the best personages in that King-\\ndom, and having had the Honour of receiving the Degree of Doctor of\\nDivinity from the University of Oxford which had been conferred on him\\nat the joint request and recommendation of the Archbishop of Canterbury\\nand many of the principal Bishops, he produced his diploma, the preamble\\nof which being much to his credit, as well as the credit of this Seminary, is\\nhere inserted^ [at full in the minutes in the original Latin].\\nBut a more substantial gift than this was the subject of the\\nnext minute\\nThe Provost likewise brought over with him, and delivered to the\\nTrustees, a Deed of Gift from the Honorable Thomas Penn assigning over\\nto them in their Corporate Capacity for the use of the Institution his fourth\\npart of the Manor of Perkasie in Bucks County containing Two Thousand\\nFive hundred Acres which the Trustees considered as a noble Benefaction\\nfrom that worthy gentleman, and was received with a due sense of\\ngratitude.\\nThomas Penn s concern for the College had been kept warm\\nby his Secretary, the President of the Trustees, who had furnished\\nhim from time to time as we have seen with the work of the\\n1 This refers to him, reverendutn et egregium virum Gulielmum Smith, ex\\nAcademia Aberdonensi in Artibus raagistrum, et Collegii apud Philadelphiam in\\nPennsylvania Prrepositum, etc., etc., but does not allude to Aberdeen s Doc-\\ntorate. In the Minutes of the Trustees the ex Academia Aberdonensis in Artibus\\nMagistrum is omitted.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 345\\npupils to inform him as to the progress of the College and its influ-\\nence upon them and his interest in it was further fostered by a\\nreasonable desire that the province, which was of his Father s\\nsettlement, and bore his name, should thus be honored by an\\neducational establishment of growing repute. And the young\\nScotch Provost won his sympathies and earned his regard, and\\nhe now made him the happy messenger of his kind thoughts\\nand the bearer of his benefaction to the College.\\nThe Trustees and Students were shortly afforded one of\\nthose civil exhibitions, so common yet so useful in a loyal\\nProvince, which the Provost was skilful in devising and execut-\\ning. The December meeting found present Messrs. Peters,\\nPlumsted, Cadwalader, Turner, Chew, Allen, Coleman, W. Ship-\\npen, Stedman, Strettell, White, P. Bond, M Call, and\\nMr Hamilton, who was again appointed by the Honourable the Proprie-\\ntaries to the Government of this Province, having been pleased to resume\\nhis seat as one of the Trustees. And being received at the Gate,\\nwas conducted up to the Experiment Room, to take his place among the\\nother Trustees. and after paying him their Compliments of\\nCongratulation on his safe arrival and Reappointment they attended him\\ninto the Hall followed by the Masters, Tutors, Graduates and Students,\\nin orderly procession, where being seated the following address, and con-\\ngratulatory verses were delivered in the presence of a large number of\\nCitizens.*\\n1. The address by the Provost, attended by the rest of the Faculty.\\n2. The Latin verses, presented by the Rev. Jacob Duche, A. M.,\\nattended by a deputation from the Graduates and Philosophy Schools the\\nverses being written by Professor Beveridge.\\nNonne hinc Schulkillius amnis,\\nHinc Delavarus item, sedesque paterna salutant.\\n3. The English Verses, by Mr William Hamilton, attended by a\\ndeputation from the Lower Schools.\\nO Friend to Science, Liberty and Truth,\\nPatron of Virtue, Arts and rising Youth\\nIndulge our weak Attempts with Smiles approve\\nThis humble Boon of Gratitude and Love.\\n2 He had not attended the Trustees meetings since that of 17 August, 1757.\\nPennsylvania Gazette, 27 December, 1 759.\\nMinutes of Trustees.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "346 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nIn answer to these the Governor replied\\nGentleman of the Faculty I thank you for this Kind Address of your\\nBody, and for the Marks of Regard shewn to me by the Youth educated\\nunder your Care.\\nI should think myself greatly wanting in the Duties of my Station, if\\nI did not countenance every Institution for the Advancement of useful\\nKnowledge and I am so sensible of the particular good Tendency of this\\nSeminary, whereof I became an early Promoter, that I shall always be\\nhappy in affording it every reasonable Degree of Encouragement in my\\nPower.\\nI am glad to find it growing in Reputation, by means of the Youths\\nraised in it, and doubt not but it will continue to do so, under the Direction\\nof Gentlemen, who have given unquestionable Proofs of their Capacity, and,\\non that Account, have received the highest honors from some of the most\\nlearned Societies in Great Britain.\\nAfter these grateful exercises, instead of proceeding to a\\nlunch and social intercourse, the Trustees returned to the Exper-\\niment or Apparatus Room, and resuming their business, took\\nkindly action towards the aid of the widow of Professor Grew.\\nA scheme was now on foot to make all the exhibitions and\\nservices in the Hall more attractive by securing an organ for\\ntheir accompaniment. The Pennsylvania Gazette of 27 Decem-\\nber, 1757, tells us\\nBy permission and particular desire towards the raising a Fund for\\npurchasing an organ to the College Hall in this city and instructing the\\ncharity children in Psalmody, at the Theatre, in Society Hill, this evening\\nwill be presented, the tragical and interesting History of George Bamwell.\\nN. B. As this Benefit is wholly intended for improving our Youth in the\\ndivine art of Psalmody and Church Music, in order to render the Enter-\\ntainment of the Town more compleat at Commencements and other publie\\noccasions in our College To begin exactly at 6 o clock.\\nWe see here the hand of young Francis Hopkinson, whose\\nmusical accomplishments were being turned to pleasant use not\\nonly on behalf of his Alma Mater, but to Christ Church as well,\\nwhere the Vestry a few years later voted him their thanks for\\nhis great and constant pains in teaching and instructing the\\nchildren. The organ was procured and in place for the com-\\nmencement of 1760, when\\nThe Orations, Disputations, and other Academical Exercises were", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 347\\nagreeably intermixed with sundry Anthems and Pieces of Psalmody, sung\\nby the Charity Boys, attended with an organ, which the Liberality of the\\nTown lately bestowed. At the close of the whole, the Audience was most\\ndelightfully entertained with two Anthems sung by several Ladies and\\nGentlemen, who have not been ashamed to employ their Leisure Hours in\\nlearning to celebrate their Master s Praises with Grace and Elegance.^\\nAnd we have already noted how Hopkinson conducted the\\norgan with that bold masterly Hand for which he is celebrated.\\nLV.\\nThe Commencement of 1760, on i May, we are told, was\\nheld in the College of this city, before a vast Concourse of Peo-\\nple of all Ranks and Distinctions, and the Degree of Bachelor\\nof Arts was conferred upon Patrick Alison, Chaplain to Congress\\nin 1776, Thomas Bond, jr., son of Dr. Bond, Lindsay Coates\\nRobert Goldsborough, of Maryland, Whitmel Hill, of North\\nCarolina, John Johnson, Thomas Mifflin, Governor of Pennsyl-\\nvania from 1790 to 1799, and Robert Yorke; and the Degree\\nof Master of Arts was conferred upon Duche, Hopkinson, Latta,\\nMagaw, Morgan, and Williamson in course, and upon Josiah\\nMartin, jr., formerly with those of the class of 1757, and who\\ntook the honorary degree of B. A. with them in that year, and\\nJoseph Montgomery who earned his degree at Princeton in the\\nclass of 1755.\\nThe Trustees were of opinion that it might be of service to the\\nInstitution to confer Honorary Degrees on some of the Ministers and Gen-\\ntlemen of this and the Neighboring Colonies who were of distinguished\\ncharacter for their usefulness and Learning. And it appearing to them\\nthat the following Gentlemen were such, a Mandate issued under their\\nHands and the Lesser Seal, requiring the Faculty to admit them to the\\nHonorary Degree of Master of Arts; viz. the Reverend Mr Samuel Davis,\\nPennsylvania Gazette, 15 May, 1760. The organ was placed in the centre-\\nof the East Gallery facing the Pulpit, according to the Minutes, p. 117.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "34^ History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nPresident of the College of New Jersey the Reverend Mr Philip Reading,\\nof Appoquinimink the Reverend Mr Thomas Barton at Lancaster\\nthe Reverend Mr Samuel Cooke at Shrewsbury the Reverend Mr Robert\\nM Kean at Brunswick the Reverend Mr Sampson Smith at Chestnut\\nLevel the Reverend Mr Matthew Wilson in Kent County.\\nThe opinion of the value of these degrees was not long\\nmaintained by the Trustees. When Dr. Alison, in 1762, in the\\nProvost s absence, made sundry recommendations in line with\\nthe action of 1760, the Trustees at their meeting of 11 May\\nthat year,\\ndesired the President to acquaint Dr. Ahson that it was the unanimous\\nopinion of the Trustees present that the College must lose Reputation by\\nconferring too many Honorary Degrees, and that for the future the Faculty\\nwould not proceed to the Recommendation of Persons for Honorary\\nDegrees without first conferring with the Trustees.\\nOnly a few weeks after the Commencement Archdeacon\\nBurnaby in his Travels through the Middle Settlements in\\nNorth America passed through Philadelphia and among the\\ninstitutions in the city he refers to is the Academy or College\\noriginally built for a tabernacle for Mr. Whitefield and adds\\nthis institution is erected upon an admirable plan, and is by\\nfar the best school for learning throughout America. The\\nday before the Commencement of 1760, there assembled in\\nChrist Church the first Convention of the Church of England\\nClergy, of which Dr. Smith was elected President and of the\\nnumber were Messrs. Reading, Barton, Cooke and McKean,\\nTravels, London, 1798, p. 66. Dr. Burnaby s comments on the Pennsyl-\\nvanian of the period are graphic if not flattering. As to character, they are a frugal\\nand industrious people; not remarkably courteous and hospitable to strangers, unless\\nparticularly recommended to them; but rather, like the denizens of most commercial\\ncities, the reverse. They are great republicans, and have fallen into the same errors\\nin their ideas of independency as most of tire other colonies have. They are by far\\nthe most enterprising people upon the continent. As they consist of several nations,\\nand talk several languages, they are aliens in some respect to Great Britain nor can\\nit be expected that they should have the same filial attachment to her which her own\\nimmediate offspring have. However, they are quiet, and concern themselves but\\nlittle, except about getting money. But as a flattering offset to this, the Arch-\\ndeacon adds: The women are exceedingly handsome and polite; they are\\nnaturally sprightly and fond of pleasure; and, upon the whole, are much more\\nagreeable and accomplished than the men. Since their intercourse with the English\\nofficers, they are greatly improved and, without flattery, many of them would not\\nmake bad figures in the first assemblies in Europe. p. 67.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 349\\nwho were now honored with the College degree. Dr. Smith s\\nsermon, preached before the Convention on the day subsequent\\nto the Commencement, forms the sixth in the Volume of his\\nDiscourses of 1762. A second Convention was held in 1761,\\nand the clergy who were attending it went to the Commence-\\nment of that year which was held on Saturday, 23 May, in a\\nbody, when Dr. Smith preached in the College Hall before\\nthem. This\\nwas held in the College of this City, before a vast concourse of People of\\nall Ranks. There was performed in the Forenoon an elegant\\nAnthem composed by James Lyons, A. M., of New Jersey College, and\\nin the afternoon an Ode, sacred to the Memory of our late gracious Sov-\\nereign George II., written and set to Music in a very grand and masterly\\nTaste by Francis HoPKiNSON, Esq., A. M. of the College of this city.\\nA sett of Ladies and Gentlemen in order to do Honour to the Entertain-\\nment of the Day, were kindly pleased to perform a Part both of the\\nAnthem and Ode, accompanied by the Organ, which made the Music a\\nvery compleat and agreeable Entertainment to all present.\\nAn all day Commencement in our time would not be per-\\nmitted in the busy life of the present; but certainly the young\\ngraduates of that time must have had a higher esteem and love\\nfor their Alma Mater who thus made the occasion of their\\nentering upon their first Degrees the scene of a two sessions\\nentertainment which was so compleat and agreeable to all\\npresent.\\nAt this commencement there graduated, William Flem-\\ning, Marcus Grimes, James Hooper, John Huston, William\\nKinnersley, the son of the Professor, Matthew McHenry,\\nAbraham Ogden, Richard Peters, the nephew of Dr. Peters,\\nJoseph Shippen, a nephew of Dr. William Shippen, Tench\\nTilghman, Washington s Aide-de-Camp, Henry Waddell, Alex-\\nander Wilcocks, and Jasper Yeates, afterwards a Justice of the\\nSmith, i. 276. Pennsylvania Gazette, 28 May, 1761. This is Sermon\\nXVIII, of Smith s Works of 1803, ii. 337, and is there described as first preached\\nbefore the Trustees, Masters and Scholars of the College and Academy of Philadel-\\nphia at the Anniversary Commencement, May, 1 761 but it is the same sermon\\nwhich he preached at the first commencement, and is known as No. V. in his\\nDiscourses of 1759.\\nHis daughter Mary married in 1791, Charles Smith, the son of Provost\\nSmith.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "350 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nSupreme Court of Pennsylvania a class of thirteen, the largest\\nup to the year 1770. Of these, Peters and Wilcocks became in\\nlater years Trustees of the College.* But two Masters Degrees\\nwere conferred, namely, on the Rev. Isaac Eaton, and the Rev.\\nSamuel Stillman.\\nThe Commencements of 1762 and 1763 were without\\nthe presence of the Provost, who was during the period\\ncovering these events on his tour through England making\\ncollections from the friends of education in the colonies\\ntowards the new College which was growing up with bright\\npromises in Pennsylvania; and 1764 was also without any\\ngraduating Class, Dr. Smith arriving home in June of that\\nyear. While his continued absence affected the number of\\nstudents in attendance m the instruction of the College, his\\nvisit abroad proved of that substantial benefit which enabled\\nthe Trustees to strengthen financially the foundations of the\\ninstitution and to enlarge their abilities in accommodating the\\ncoming numbers of the future years.\\nIt was on 4 September of this year that Dr. Smith preached on the Great Duty\\nof Public Worship at the opening services of St. Peter s Church, Philadelphia. This\\nforms part II. of No. VI. in the Discourses of 1759, and No. VII. in the Discourses\\nof 1762.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 351\\nLVI.\\nIn the midst of the concerns of the Trustees for the man-\\nagement of their Trust, a new question had arisen in 1760,\\nbearing on the desire of some of the Professors to take private\\npupils. The matter must have been of moment, for serious con-\\nsideration was given to it by them at their meeting of 8 July in\\nthat year.\\nMr Peters, at the Instance of the Faculty, acquainted the Trustees\\nthat several applications had been made to one of the Professors, to give\\nprivate Instructions after School Hours to some of the Boys that were under\\nhis Care during the Day, but that it was not thought proper to do anything\\nof this kind without the particular direction of the Trustees, to which all\\nthe Masters declared themselves always ready to conform. The matter\\nwas fully debated at the Board, and being represented that this Method of\\nallowing the publick Professors to become private Tutors to any parcel of\\nthe Youth under their general Management would be attended with many\\nInconveniences; that it would lead to disagreeable distinctions among the\\nYouth, discourage many of the poorer sort who could not afford the\\nExpence of private Tuition, and subject the Masters to the suspicion of\\npartiality in Favour of those who could afford it, as well as bring the Insti-\\ntution into Disrepute by encouraging a Notion that the general Scheme of\\nEducation was not sufficient without these private helps. The Trustees in\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2consideration of all this, and in Regard to their original Faith to the Pub-\\nlick (viz: to keep all the Youth, as much as might be on an equal footing)\\nwere unanimously of Opinion that none of the Publick Professors should\\nmake any Distinctions among the Youth under their care in respect to\\ntheir Tuition, but that such parent or Guardians as were desirous of having\\nany extraordinary helps for any particular Scholar or Pupil might supply\\nthemselves with private Tutors where they could be found.\\nSo far for the regulation by the Trustees of what was\\nclaimed to be ill practices among the Professors. The latter\\nthemselves felt the need of revising the Rules of the school, and\\non ID February, 1761,\\nhaving prepared a Draught of several necessary Statutes the same was\\npresented by them to the Trustees for their approbation and being read\\nparagraph by paragraph several Debates arose thereupon, and the Presi-\\ndent, Mr Stedman, Mr Coxe, and Mr Willing were appointed a Committee\\nto revise and amend the Draught agreeable to the Sense of the Trustees", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "352 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nfirst acquainting the Faculty with their Sentiments in the several Points in\\nwhich they differed from them and conferring with them thereupon.\\nAt the following meeting-, lo March, young Duche now\\ntaking his seat as Trustee.\\nMr Peters from the Committee appointed to examine the Draught of the\\nLaws proposed by the Faculty and read at the last Meeting of the Trustees\\nreported that they had conferred with the Provost and Vice Provost there-\\nupon, and had made such Alterations therein as to them appeared just\\nand proper which they now submitted to the Trustees, and their amended\\nDraught being read, debated, altered, settled, and approved of, they are\\nnow ordered to be entered as Statutes in Force.\\nThese are very primitive and particular, and in strong con-\\ntrast to the broader statutes of reason and self-respect which\\nprevail to-day. One need not wonder that the boys of that day\\nwere stung into forwardness and mischief, by a restraint that\\ntheir spirits rebelled against. The boys of to-day are the same\\nin natural force aud youthful elasticity as were their ancestors in\\nadolescence but education in its many changes within a cen-\\ntury has submitted to none greater than the abandonment of\\nimpossible rules of propriety and frequent chastisements. These\\nRules and Ordinances of 1761 close with the word chastised,\\nbut the alternative is a money penalty, and the worth of a chas-\\ntisement is but sixpence the pence are numbered but the\\nstrokes may be without number. Who would not rather suffer\\nthe certain pence rather than the uncertain strokes. Alexander\\nGraydon entered the Academy about this period but a visita-\\ntion of Yellow Fever early afforded him a welcome holiday.\\nAbout the year 1760 or 1761, to the best of my recollection,\\nthe city was alarmed by a visitation of the Yellow Fever.\\nThe schools were shut up, and a vacation of five or\\nsix weeks its fortunate consequence. He describes some of\\nhis early duties. The task of the younger boys, at least, for\\nhe was but about eight years of age when he entered,\\nconsisted in learning to read and to write their mother tongue grammati-\\ncally, and one day in the week (I think Friday) was set apart for the recita-\\ntion of select passages in poetry and prose. For this purpose each scholar,\\nMemoirs, p. 43.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 353\\nin his turn, ascended the stage, and said his speech, as the phrase was.\\nThis speech was carefully taught him by his master, both with respect to its\\npronunciation, and the action deemed suitable to its several parts.\\nLet us have his account of his first fight, before referred to\\nA few days after I had been put under the care of Mr. Kinnersley, I\\nwas told by my classmates, that it was necessary for me to fight a battle\\nwith some one, in order to establish my claim to the honor of being an\\nAcademy boy; that this could not be dispensed with, and that they would\\nselect for me a suitable antagonist, one of my match, whom after school I\\nmust fight, or be looked upon as a coward. I must confess that I did not\\nat all relish the proposal. i absolutely declined the proposal;\\nalthough I had too much of that feeling about me, which some might call\\nfalse honor, to represent the case to the master, which would at once have\\nextricated me from my difficulty, and brought down condign punishment\\non its imposers. Matters thus went on until school was out, when I found\\nthat the lists were appointed, and that a certain John Appowen, a lad, who,\\nthough not quite so tall, yet better set and older than myself, was pitted\\nagainst me. With increased pertinacity I again refused the combat, and\\ninsisted on being permitted to go home unmolested. On quickening my\\npace for this purpose, my persecutors, with Appowen at their head, followed\\nclose at my heels. Upon this I moved faster and faster, until my retreat\\nbecame a flight too unequivocal and inglorious for a man to relate of him-\\nself, had not Homer furnished some apology for the procedure, in making\\nthe heroic Hector thrice encircle the walls of Troy, before he could find\\ncourage to encounter the implacable Achilles. To cut the story short, my\\nspirit could no longer brook an oppression so intolerable, and stung to the\\nquick at the term coward which was lavished upon me, I made a halt and\\nfaced my pursuers. A combat immediately ensued between Appowen and\\nmyself, which for some time, was maintained on each side, with equal\\nvigour and determination, when unluckily I received his fist directly in my\\ngullet The blow for a time depriving me of breath, and the power of\\nresistance, victory declared for my adversary, though not without the\\nacknowledgment of the party, that I had at last behaved well, and shown\\nmyself not unworthy the name of an Academy boy. Being thus estab-\\nlished, I had no more battles imposed upon me.*\\nMemoirs, p. 28. Ibid, p. 28.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "354 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLVII.\\nThe College was now attracting students from the country\\nand other provinces. Indeed, each of the graduating classes\\nthus far had members not natives of Philadelphia, viz William-\\nson of Chester County, Alison of Lancaster County, Pennsyl-\\nvania Keene, Paca, Goldsborough, and Tilghman, of Maryland\\nOgden of New Jersey and Hill of North Carolina to which\\nmight be added Latta and Magaw of Ireland. And concern\\nfilled their minds as to the influence upon their prospects should\\nthey be unable to assure their friends at a distance of comfort-\\nable quarters for their sons. The subject took form at the Trus-\\ntee s meeting of lO March, 1761, the same at which the new\\nRules and Ordinances were affirmed.\\nSome of the Trustees mentioned the Inconveniences arising from the\\nScholars being boarded at such great Distances and in such different parts\\nof the City as well as the great Expence that Strangers were put to by the\\nlate high demands that was made for their Board on account of the rise of\\nProvisions, etc., whereupon it was considered whether it might not be better\\nto have some additional Buildings erected on the Ground belonging to the\\nAcademy that might hold a number of the Scholars that came from other\\nProvinces and the West Indies, and put them upon a Collegiate way of\\nliving, as is done in the Jersey and New York Colleges. But on inquiring\\nof the Treasurer what might be the state of the Academy Funds and find-\\ning that they had not beforehand above ^^3000. a great part of which was\\nin the hands of the several Managers of the Lotteries, it was dropt for the\\nPresent as being utterly inconsistent with our capital.\\nAt the meeting of 14 April, only Messrs. Inglis, Stedman,\\nand Duche attending with the President, the subject was the\\ntopic of discussion. Dr. Peters regretted the smallness of\\nattendance as it was desirable to make publick\\nthe Substance of what passed at the last meeting with respect to a Sett of\\nBuildings for the Lodging and Dieting a Number of Students, as he found\\nit was most heartily desired by a very great Number of respectable\\nPeople in the City, and as the Town was now full of Officers and Strangers\\nmany gave it as their opinion that a Lottery to raise ;^2ooo. for such a use-\\nful Purpose would soon fill, and the other gentlemen likewise saying that\\nthey had heard the same observations made by many People of Credit as\\nwell Strangers as Citizens, they had mentioned it occasionally to several of", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 355\\n(the Trustees who were all of opinion that the present good Disposition that\\nthe People were in should not be lost and expecting to have had a larger\\nmeeting, Mr. Stedman had drawn up two Schemes which were read.\\nThe subject slumbered until the meeting of 10 November\\nfollowing, when\\nthe President, Mr. Stedman, Mr. Willing, and Mr. Cox, having formerly-\\nhad under consideration a Plan for additional Buildings were appointed a\\nCommittee on this occasion; and they were desired to meet upon this Busi-\\nness immediately, and as soon as they should have perfected Matters\\nwere ready to make their Report, the President was desired to call a special\\nmeeting,\\nwhich was held on the 28th, there being present Messrs. Peters,\\nCadwalader, Stedman, Cox, Turner, Allen, Duche, White,\\nInghs, WilHng, Shippen, Leech and Chew, when the Report of\\nthe Committee was submitted and adopted. As it contains in\\nDr. Peters words a statement of the present condition and the\\npromising prospects of the institution, it merits the entire inser-\\ntion here. Containing as it does the bold and yet practical sug-\\ngestion of soliciting funds from the Mother Country, and asking\\nDr. Smith to be their mouthpiece for the same, it in fact opens\\na view of one of the most interesting periods in the history of\\nthe College, and which proved to be one of those important\\nmovements in the life of the institution from which great results\\nin financial strength and in influence flowed. But for this inci-\\ndental desire to put their pupils from abroad upon a collegiate\\nway of living, the suggestion may not have arisen for this\\nforeign mission which in the end redounded so much to the\\nadvantage of the general work they had in hand for the\\nAdvancement of Learning for ever.\\nBut the Committee can speak for themselves\\nGentlemen. Having been nominated by you as a Committee to\\nconsider the Ways and Means for improving the State of the Academy\\nand compleating its Funds so as to place it on a permanent and respectable\\nFooting for the Advancement of Learning for ever. We have had several\\nMeetings with the Provost and Vice Provost upon these Topics, and upon\\nthe whole after mature Deliberation have agreed to recommend the follow-\\ning things, viz:\\nI. As it appears to us by a prevailing Objection against this Institution", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "356 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nfrom abroad, that our Youth, especially such of them as are grown in\\nyears are left to lodge at large in the City, not under the Controul of the\\nMasters or any Persons having proper authority over them; by which they\\nare exposed to many Avocations, and much unnecessary Expence, the\\nthoughts of which have prevented sundry Persons who wish well to the\\nInstitution from sending their Children to it, some not knowing where to\\nlodge them in safety, and others being apprehensive of the great Expence\\nattending it And as a Sense of these Inconveniences put the Trustees\\nsometime ago upon solliciting a Sum of Money by way of Lottery partly to\\nerect some necessary lodging Rooms to accommodate the Elder part of the\\nYouth that come from abroad and partly to rebuild the Charity Schools\\nthat are in a ruinous condition\\nWe are therefore of Opinion that Workmen should now be agreed\\nwith to go on in the ensuing Summer with one half of the Buildings con-\\ntained in the Plan formerly given to us by Mr Robert Smith, which will be\\n70 feet long by 30 wide and will have on the Ground Floor two Charity\\nSchools, with a Kitchen and a Dining Room, and in the upper Stories\\nSixteen Lodging Rooms, with cellar beneath the whole, which, by an\\nEstimate given to us may be executed for ^1500, and the Rent of the\\nRooms at a Moderate Charge may nearly bring the interest of the Money,\\nand the chief of those objections will be taken off which sundry Persons\\nhave not failed to improve to the Disadvantage of this Institution.\\nIn regard to the Funds we apprehend that if a final Settlement be\\nspeedily made of the Lottery accounts, and leave be got to sell the Per-\\nkasie lands to add to the Capital (which there is no Reason to doubt of\\nobtaining on a respectable Apphcation) we should then probably have\\nnear ^8000. in Bank so that if an addition of \u00c2\u00a36 or 7000 more could be\\nspeedily procured, the whole put together would furnish an Yearly Income\\nsufficient with the Tuition Money, to support the Institution for ever. But\\nif this matter should be delayed a few years longer our present Capital\\nwould be exhausted and the same addition which would now compleat it,\\nwould then only put us where we are at present, if it could be procured.\\nWe are therefore of opinion that as the Method of Lotteries which is\\nat best but precarious and attended with much Trouble to Individuals\\nmust speedily fail us, we have no resource but once for all to betake our-\\nselves to the Generosity of the Public. And when we consider the\\nEncouragement that has heretofore given by the Mother country to Semi-\\nnaries of Learning erected on this Continent, at a time when the Affairs\\nof America were not thought of half the Importance which they are at\\npresent, and these seminaries far less extensive in their Plan than this\\nAcademy, and Countenanced by the Governments in which they are\\nerected We cannot entertain the least Doubt, but under our Circum-\\nstances a Seminary placed in this large and trading City and which prom-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 357\\nises to be of so much use for the Advancement of true Learning and\\nKnowledge, will at this time meet with great Encouragement in England,\\nwhere there are Thousands that want nothing more than opportunities\\nof Showing their Beneficence and good will to anything calculated for the\\nBenefit of these Colonies, and we have the greatest hopes in this affair\\nfrom the assurance given us by Dr. Smith of the Disposition which he\\nfound in sundry Persons of Distinction when he was lately in England, to\\nbefriend this Seminary on a due Application to them and which some of\\nthem have been pledged to respect in their private Letters to him\\nWe therefore most heartily recommended to the Trustees to take this\\nMatter into their immediate and most serious Consideration and to engage\\nsome proper person to go over to England with all convenient Expedition\\nand furnish him with proper Recommendations and Credentials in order to\\nsoUicit the Benevolence of the Good People of Great Britain for such\\nfurther Support of the Institution so that it may be put upon a footing suf-\\nficient to maintain for ever an expedient Number of Professors, Masters,\\nand Tutors as well as to enable the Trustees to make such additional Build-\\nings as will obviate the objections made to the Institution in its present\\nform for want of Lodging and Superintending the Morals of the Students.\\nIt is recorded that a\\ngreat majority voted to carry on the whole Buildings, as recommended in\\nthe Report which was accordingly agreed to provided the Expence did not\\nexceed the sum raised by the last Lottery, [and] the Trustees unanimously\\nagreed that there w^as a Necessity of nominating some proper person to\\nsollicit the Benefactions of their Mother country for the further support of\\nthis Institution, and it was agreed that Dr Smith was the properest Person\\nto undertake the Service.\\nAnd the Committee having intimated\\nthat in some previous Conversation with him they had reason to believe he\\nwould be very willing to serve the Institution in this way if it should be\\napproved by the Trustees. They therefore desired he might be sent for,\\nand the President acquainted him in the name of the Trustees that it was\\ntheir unanimous Desire that he would with all convenient Speed undertake\\na Voyage to England for the Purposes above mentioned, and that they\\nwould endeavor to supply his place with some proper Person who should in\\nhis Absence carry on his part of the Lectures in the Philosophy School.\\nDr Smith answered that it might be a little inconvenient to him to under-\\ntake a Voyage at this Season of the Year, yet he was willing to serve the\\nInstitution in this or any other Method in his Power and further that he\\nwould make all the Dispatch he could in preparing himself for the Voyage\\nand had good Hopes from what had passed between him and some Persons\\nof Distinction in England, of answering their Expectations in this Matter.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "358 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThese Buildings were to be erected partly on the original\\nAcademy lot and partly on the lot purchased from Mr. Hazard\\nin 1750, facing upon the Eastern campus, with Mr. Dove s two\\nFourth Street Dwellings to the Northward in the rear.\\nThe Provost lost no time in preparing for this absence\\nwhich might be of uncertain length, and welcoming any duty\\nwhich would redound to the service of the College, he looked\\nto a parting from his wife and their two young sons, William\\nMoore and Thomas Duncan, with equanimity and patience. The\\nTrustees at the meeting of 1 5 December, adopted Letters and\\nInstructions for his iiitroduction and guidance abroad on 10\\nJanuary, 1762, he preached in Christ Church the Sermon at\\nthe funeral of Dr. Jenney, its venerable Rector; God Knows\\nbut this may be my last opportunity of ever speaking to you\\nfrom this place my heart is full on the occasion, he says in\\nconclusion on 25 January he sets out for New York where he\\nremained over a fortnight, sailing thence on 13 February to Eng-\\nland and arriving early in March. There we leave him, until\\nwe can carry on the story of the College up to the time of his\\nreturn in June, 1764, freighted with those substantial bounties\\nwhich so materially added to the resources of the College.\\nThe proposed Buildings, which proved the occasion of this\\nforeign mission of the untiring Provost, were at this meeting of\\n28 November, 1761, committed to Messrs. Peters, Cox, Sted-\\nman. Willing, Chew, and E. Shippen to agree with proper\\nWorkmen for carrying them on the ensuing spring. The loca-\\ntion of these was at the meeting of 12 April, 1762, decided upon:\\nthe members resumed the consideration whether it would be better to build\\non the North or South Side of the Academy, and as well on Account of the\\nSouth Exposure as Keeping clear the South Door which is the common\\nEntry into their schools it was agreed that they should be placed at the\\nNorth End of the Square.\\nOn I November, Franklin arrived in Philadelphia on his\\nreturn home after a five years absence in England on behalf of\\nhis country, bringing with him his Oxford Doctorate of 22 Feb-\\nruary, 1762, and bearing from Dr. Smith to William Coleman\\nEntitled the Gospel Summons, and is No. VITI. in the Discourses of 1 762.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 359\\nthe Treasurer, the cash account of the fund he then had in hand/\\nand attended the meeting of the Trustees on the 9th, when the\\nfirst letters from Dr. Smith were read descriptive of the lengthy\\nand formal beginnings of his collections. At the next meeting\\nDr. Franklin attended, 8 February, 1763, and a minute records:\\nThe Charity Schools being now removed into the new Buildings it\\nwas represented that some little Conveniences would be Avanted, as Shelves\\nand Cupboards, and the Carpenter was accordingly ordered to make them,\\nand on 28 May Dr. Peters writes to Dr. Smith\\nthe new Buildings are finished, and I think it will be an easy matter to\\nfind some reputable person who will take upon them at a yearly rent to\\nprovide all necessaries and to be subject to such Rules of Oeconomy and\\nDiscipline as will keep those in perfect good Order who shall be allowed\\nto live in them. I do not encourage any Schemes (and I believe others\\nthink as I do), till we shall be favored with your Judgment and assistance.\\nThese the Trustees had on Dr. Smith s return, and later\\non we shall find a picture of the home-life in the College Build-\\nings.\\nMinutes of Trustees, 9 November, 1762.\\nPennsylvania Magazine, x. 352.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "360 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLVIII.\\nBut we must return to the year 1762:^ The Commence-\\nment of that year was held on 17 May in the presence of a\\nlearned, polite and very brilliant Assembly. Every part of the\\npublic Hall was crowded with Spectators. And what added to\\nthe pleasure of the loyal mind was,\\nhis Honour the Governor, who is one of the Trustees of this Institution, was\\npleased to attend the whole day. A great number of the Clergy of differ-\\nent denominations, together with many other Gentlemen of Learning and\\nthe first Distinction, from the neighboring Parts were hkewise present.^\\nThe morning exercises were opened with a Salutatory Ora-\\ntion in Latin by one of the Candidates. This was followed by\\na forensic Disputation, in which the\\nDisputants discovered a great deal of Sprightliness, Wit and good Sense\\nand closed with a Latin Syllogistic Disputation. In the afternoon two\\nEnglish Orations were pronounced, followed by another Syllogistic Dispu-\\ntation in Latin. The Vice Provost then conferred the Degrees, and he\\ndelivered from the Pulpit a solemn charge to the Candidates. The young\\nOrator who spoke the Valedictory with much elegance and Tenderness met\\nwith deserved applause. Then came the Loyal Dialogue and Ode on the\\naccession and Nuptials of his Majesty which closed the whole Performance.\\nThis latter had been arranged by the Provost before his\\ndeparture for England four months before, he writing the Dia-\\nlogue, and one of the Sons of this Institution writing and\\nsetting to Music the Ode no less a one than Francis Hopkin-\\nson. The graduates of the occasion were Samuel Campbell,\\nwho became a Tutor in August, 1759, and clerk to the Trustees\\nin 1760, John Cooke, William Hamilton, the Master Billy\\nHamilton referred to on former pages, Samuel Jones, a native\\nof Wales, John Porter, a Tutor from October, 1761, and\\nThe Pennsylvania Gazette of 7 January, 1762, announces This Day is\\npublished and to be sold by A. Stewart, price 4p or 3/ per Doz. A Letter from a Gen-\\ntleman in England to his Friend in Philadelphia giving him his opinion of the\\nCollege of that City. No copy of this is known to any one of this day and the\\nonly knowledge of the publication is this advertisement. It forms title 1824 in Mr.\\nHildeburn s Jssues of the Press in Pennsylvania i. 373.\\nMinutes, p. 169, Pennsylvania Gazette, 27 May, 1762.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 361\\nStephen Watts, who became Tutor in the College in the follow-\\ning August. John Beard, Nathaniel Chapman, William Edmis-\\nton, and William Paca, were the only members of the class of\\n1759 who proceeded to their degree of M. A.\\nHenry Marchant, formerly a Student of this Institution having pro-\\nnounced an elegant spirited Oration upon the Study of the Law, was\\nadmitted to a Master s Degree also the Rev d Mr Morgan Edwards, the\\nRev d Mr Joseph Mather, the Rev d Mr John Simonton, and Mr Isaac\\nSmith of Nassau College, now Student of Physic, to the honorary Degree\\nof Master of Arts. And Mr Thomas Pollock [who had become a Tutor in\\nNovember, 1761] to the Honorary Degree of Bachelor of Arts,\\nIt was a satisfactory minute that recorded\\nEverything was conducted with the utmost Decency and Order. The\\nCandidates acquitted themselves in every part of their Exercises to the\\nSatisfaction of all present, and have derived considerable Honor to them-\\nselves and to the Institution.\\nA broadside programme of these interesting exercises in\\nLatin is preserved among the Penn Papers in the archives of the\\nPennsylvania Historical Society, thanks to the cotemporary\\ncare of the Penn s Secretary and the Trustees President, the\\never watchful and considerate Dr. Peters.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "362 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nLIX.\\nThe Commencement of 1763 held on 17 May, had the\\nattendance of Dr. FrankHn the only one of his College and\\nAcademy which won his presence, for he had sailed on his first\\nMission a month before the first Commencement, and before\\nanother he had sailed on his second mission. The Minutes of\\nthis meeting are comparatively meagre, but the faithful chroni-\\ncler of all College events, the Pennsylvania Gazette of 26 May\\ntells us how the Public Commencement was held at the College\\nin the Presence of a learned, polite and very brilliant Assembly..\\nEvery part of the public Hall was crowded with Spectators.\\nBut a more graphic account, and one worth transcribing here, is\\nthat of Dr. Peters to Dr. Smith in his letter of 28 May:^\\nI was forced to stay with the greatest reluctance till the\\nvery day before the Commencement which was held on the 17th instant\\nbefore a very crowded audience. As it was Synod time, whilst only two of\\nour own Clergy, Mr. Barton and Mr. Inglis could be spared from their\\nChurches, being oblig d to prepare their congregations for Whit Sunday\\nwhich you know is a large Communion Day. Two of the graduates were\\npreferred to vacant Tutorships, Davis^ in the English School and Lang in\\nthe Latin School, and Mr. Hunt, of whom I have taken care for your sake,,\\nwill have a tutorship likewise in the English School which is full, in order\\nto give Mr. Kinnersley leisure to teach all the boys of other schools that\\nare wishing to learn how to read and speak properly in public. This you\\nknow has been disused and we have suffered much for want of it.^\\nPennsylvania Magazine, x. 350.\\nJohn Davis name does not appear in the Treasurer s accounts.\\nThis matter was the subject of a minute at the Trustees meeting of 13 June\\nfollowing Dr. Peters being present, as some of the parents of the children had com-\\nplained that their children were not taught to speak and read in publick. Mr.\\nKinnersley was called in who declared this was well taught not only in the Eng-\\nlish School which was more immediately under his care, but in the Philosophy Classes\\nevery Monday afternoon and as oiten at other times as his other Business would per-\\nmit. But it appeared to the Trustees that no more could be done at present with-\\nout partiality and great inconvenience and they did not incline to make\\nany alteration or to lay any Burthen upon Mr. Kinnersly. A partial explanation of\\nthis may be in some of the parents resting under the belief that their children were not\\nso favored as others in public speaking; but with Dr. Peters admission to Dr. Smith,\\nthe Trustees formal action must have been taken to shield Mr. Kinnersley. This\\naction is so indefinite, and so contrary to that taken at the meeting of the Trustees on\\n8 February, 1763, on the motion of Dr. Franklin, that it can only leave an impress\\ntliat some design existed to nurture rather the Classical and Mathematical branches of", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 363\\nThe printed Theses will shew you who took their Degrees of right. In my\\nabsence the Faculty recommended for honorary Degrees the Rev d Jo.\\nRogers and the Rev d W. Miller and Mr. M Kean the Lawyer at New\\nCastle.\\nFrom this last reference we are not far out of the way in\\nclaiming for Dr. Peters the authorship of the warning note\\nuttered by the Trustees in the previous year against conferring\\ntoo many Honorary Degrees.\\nBut this Commencement was without Hopkinson s rhythm\\nand sweet notes. Dr. Peters writes the story to Dr. Smith\\nI am sorry to tell you that a foolish but tart difference has arisen\\nbetween the Faculty and our good Friend Francis Hopkinson on account\\nof a grammatical squabble, wherein Mr. Hopkinson was the Aggressor,\\nbut he did not mean to offend any of the Faculty, only to expose Stuart\\nthe Printer; I should not mention this, but only to inform you that the\\nFaculty applied to Sam. Evans to write the Dialogue and to Mr. Jackson\\nto write the Ode for them,* Mr. Duche and Mr. Hopkinson declining to have\\nanything to do with it by means of this Squabble about the Grammar. My\\nendeavours to reconcile prov d unsuccessful.^ It is unfortunate that we\\nhave not at this time any publick performance more worthy of being laid\\nbefore the publick. You must make the best Apology you can.\\nthe college at the expense of the English, a design rather the result of indifference\\nthan of intent and perhaps of a want of appreciation of its importance, although Mr.\\nKinnersley would naturally foster it would be thought a branch in all its details over\\nwhich he was supreme. That the matter was a grave issue can be seen in the force\\nof the Minute of 8 February, where it is stated that Mr. Kinnersley s time was\\nentirely taken up in teaching little Boys the Elements of the English language,\\nand that speaking and rehearsing in Publick were totally disused to the great prejudice\\nof the other Scholars and Students and contrary to the original Design of the Trustees\\nand it was particularly recommended to be fully considered by the Trustees at their\\nnext Meeting.. This, though, was not done until the meeting of 12 April, at which\\nhowever Dr Franklin did not attend, when he, Mr. Coleman, Mr. Coxe and Mr.\\nDuche were appointed a committee to confer with Mr. Kinnersley how this might be\\ndone as well as what assistance would be necessary to give Mr. Kinnersley to enable\\nhim to attend this necessary service, which was indeed the proper business of his\\nProfessorship. But no report was made, and the next reference to the matter is at\\nthe meeting of 13 June, just referred to, by which it would seem it was more conven-\\nient to accept Mr. Kinnersley s denials than to pursue the matter further.\\nThese were sent to Dr. Smith who had them printed in the Liverpool Acf-\\nvertiser ol 21 July, copies of which he distributed with advantage to his Mission.\\nWhen he received his Dublin degree he sent Dr. Martin a letter of thanks\\nalso one of the Liverpool papers containing the Dialogue and Ode which made part\\nof the Exercises at the College, Life and Corresp. i. 326, 331.\\nThis foolish but tart difference arose out of the publication by Andrew\\nSteuart for the College and Academy of Philadelphia, MDCCLXII of a Short\\nIntroduction to Gratntnar for the Use of the College and Acade7jiy in Philadelphia^\\nbeing a New Edition of WhiftenhaWs Latin Grammar -with 7)iany Alterations^", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "364 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe graduates at the Commencement of 1763 were,\\nJames Anderson, John Davis, Isaac Hunt who became the\\nfather of Leigh Hunt, and who failed in attaining his Master s\\nDegree in 1766 on account of his share in some of the news-\\npaper pohtical controversies of that day, as elsewhere stated\\nRobert Johnston, appointed Tutor in September, 1763 James\\nLang, William Paxton, Stephen Porter, Jonathan Dickinson\\nSergeant, an alumnus of Princeton of 1762, and John Stuart.\\nWe now have to wait until 1765 for the next Commencement.\\nOf the three who shortly received Tutorships, Hunt served\\nbut three months, Johnston to May, 1764, and Lang to Janu-\\nary, 1764.\\nAdditions and Amendments from ancient and late Gramittarians. Hopkinson s\\nhumor was too lively for him to let pass the opportunity of making some jest of this\\nambitious little book. And next year there appeared E7-rata or the Art of Printing\\nincorrectly; Plainly set Forth by a Variety of Examples Taken from a Latin\\nGrammar lately printed by Andretu Steuart for the Use of the College and Academy\\n4 fikis City.\\nStill her old Empire to 7-estore she tries\\nFor, born a Goddess, DULNESS never Dies. Pope.\\nPhiladelphia, MDCCLXIII.\\nAs the writer finds 151 Capital Blunders in I37 Pages, he says Our worthy\\nPrinter, A. Steuart, fired with a laudable Zeal for the Honour of Ametica, and\\nlearning to tread the servile Paths of Imitation, has ventured to strike out a Method\\nof Printing entirely new; the many Advantages of which it is our present Purpose to\\nset forth in the best Manner we are able. It is to be observed that Mr. Steuart has\\nbeen employed to print a Grammar for the use of our Academy which after a long\\nspace of Time, he has done in so Artful a Manner, that, without the Help of this our\\nErrata, or List of Mistakes, or some other like it, it is indeed no Grammar at all.\\nFor as Grammar is justly defined, That Art which teacheth to ivrite and speak\\ncorrectly, that Book which of itself teacheth no such Things cannot properly be said\\nto be a Grammar. So that this our Work may well be called a Key to the said\\nBook; without which it must remain unintelligible This Grammar is\\nnot the first, and very probably will not be the last Effort of his Genius but we\\nthink ourselves happy in being the first to notice it to the Public, and in preventing\\nothers from mentioning this Performance of his to his Dishonour by giving it the\\nlaudable Term we have done in our Preface. Hopkinson s humor was taken\\nseriously, for it assured the death of Steuart s print of the work of the Faculty, who\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0doubtless relied upon him for correct proofreading.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 365\\nLX.\\nThe year 1763 is noted for the offer of the Sargent prizes.\\nAt the meeting of 8 February, Frankhn referred to the Trustees\\na letter he had received from Mr. John Sargent, a Merchant of\\nLondon on the subject, about which there had been some con-\\nference when Frankhn was in London, and shortly after he left\\nthere, Mr. Sargent wrote him on 12 August, 1762, as follows\\nDr. Sir. By our Friends here I am enabled to convey the enclosed\\nTrifles to you, which are the best I could meet with at present and cost\\nfive guineas each.\\nYou remember the Intention, viz for the two best Performances at\\nthe general Meeting or Publick Act of your College or Seminary.\\nThe subject of one to be, in a short English Discourse, or Essay,\\non the reciprocal advantages arising from a perpetual Union between\\nGreat Britain and her American colonies.\\nThe other prize, for some Classical Exercise, that you shall think\\nbest suited to your Plan of Education and the ability of your young people.\\nI submit to your Judgment whether the former shall be confined to\\nyour Students or left open to every one, whether of the Seminary or not.\\nYourself and Mr Norris your Speaker and any third [here the copy ends].\\nAs Franklin felt unauthorized to accept Mr. Sargent s\\nnomination of the subjects, he\\ninformed the Trustees that neither he nor Mr Norris inclined to do any-\\nthing in the Matter, being clear of opinion that Mr. Sargent would not\\nhave mentioned them on this Occasion if he had been acquainted with the\\nTrustees or the Constitution of the Academy. And therefore he desired\\nthe Trustees would take the whole under their care.\\nA letter of same date from Mr. Sargent s firm, Sargent, Aufrere Co., to-\\nDr. Franklin at Portsmouth to be left at the Post House till called for is with\\nthe American Philosophical Society, reading: We have just sent you by the chan-\\nnel of the Post Office the two Gold medals which you will apply as a mark of our\\ngood Wishes for your College, now enclose a Letter of Credit which we hope\\nyou will never have occasion for, but if you should, we are perswaded the Name of\\nB. M. da Costa whatever Port you are carried into will be respected and procure\\nyou all you wish, etc. William Temple Franklin in his Life and Works, l8i8,\\nOct., i; p. 180, says his Grandfather on his return to Philadelphia from England in\\n1775 carried thence two large gold medals given by Mr. Sargent, one of his friends,\\nto be bestowed as prizes, c., c. but the author confounded this with the for-\\nmer voyage home. Dr. Franklin sailed from Portsmouth in the latter part of Au-\\ngust, 1762, and brought then with him these medals. He did not reach Philadel-\\nphia, however, until 1st November following.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "366 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAfter considering the Letter which Mr. Peters and Mr. Frankhn\\nwere desired to think of a proper Classical Subject and to inquire of Dr.\\nAlison and Mr. Ewing if both or either of these subjects might be pro-\\nposed to the present Candidates for Degrees, and if proper Orations could\\nbe prepared by them against the next Commencement. The Medals\\nwere very kindly accepted and the same gentlemen were desired to return\\nthe Thanks of the Trustees to Mr Sargent for his Gift.\\nAt the meeting of 8 March they\\nacquainted the Trustees that they had conferred with Dr Alison and Mr\\nEwing and finding it to be their Opinion that the Subject proposed by Mr\\nSargent was too high for the Present Candidates for Degrees, but that they\\nmight perhaps find time to undertake the classical Subject; they had there-\\nfore proposed to them, if the Trustees approved of it, to prepare Orations\\non the Subject of a Roman Education, for as in this the Foundation was\\nlaid of all those great characters which were so much admired in the\\nRoman History, the Students would have an ample opportunity in this\\nsubject to show their Abilities and Improvements in Literature.\\nBut as to the other Medal, it was said with perhaps some\\nsignificance, As to the other Subject they would recommend\\nit to the Trustees to let it lye a little longer for consideration.\\nDr. Peters wrote an acknowledgment of thanks on 6 April, and\\nhis letter is entered on the minutes, giving Mr. Sargent\\ntheir hearty Thanks for the Regard you have been pleased to shew to the\\nInstitution in the Disposal of the two gold Medals committed to the care of\\nour worthy Member Dr Franklin, He has been so kind as to present these\\ntwo curious Medals to the Trustees as your Gift, and to communicate to them\\nyour Letter, whereby we observe you have yourself made Choice of one of the\\nSubjects for the Students to try their Abilities upon, and we are obliged to\\nyou for your Attention to the Welfare of these Colonies in desiring that it\\nmay be on the reciprocal Advantages arising from a perpetual Union\\nbetween Great Britain and them -x- indeed this came too late to\\nbe proposed to our Students as they had all the Subjects of their Exercises\\ngiven them against the approaching Commencement, and were ingenuous\\nenough to acknowledge they did not think themselves furnished with a\\ncompetent Stock of that sort of Knowledge and Reading which is required\\nto write well on that Subject;\\nand then he acquainted him with the present decision of the\\nTrustees,\\nBut the medals were not brought into service for the space", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 367\\nof three years. On 18 February, 1766, it was proposed by the\\nTrustees\\nto bestow Mr Sargent s Prize-Medals at the next Commencement, for the\\ntwo best Performances on the Subjects proposed by him, [and it was] agreed\\nthat the Medal for the best classical Performance be confined to the present\\nSet of Candidates for Bachelor s Degrees at the ensuing Commencement,\\nand that the Subject proposed for the other Medal, being of a higher\\nNature, be left open to all those who have received any Degree or Part of\\ntheir Education in this Seminary and the Provost was desired to draw up a\\nproper advertisement for this Purpose, and to publish the same, after com-\\nmunicating it to the Governor, Mr Allen, Mr Shippen and Mr Duche for\\ntheir Opinion and Approbation.\\nIn the Pe7insylvania Gazette of 6 March, this public announce-\\nment appeared, and in the reference to the Medal to be awarded\\nthe political Essay, Dr. Smith wrote\\nAs the subject proposed for this Medal, is one of the most important\\n-which can at this Time employ the Pen of the Patriot or Scholar and as\\nit is thus left open for all those who have had any Connection with this\\nCollege, either as Students or Graduates, it is hoped for the Honour of the\\nSeminary, as well as for their own, they will nobly exert themselves on a\\nSubject so truly animating, which may be treated in a Manner able inter-\\nesting and pleasing to good Men both here and in the Mother country.\\nThe public tension in the Spring of this year was great on the\\nsubject of the Stamp Act, for a crisis was approaching in colo-\\nnial attachments to the Mother Country, and it was understood\\nthat the British government was about considering whether it\\nwould maintain or abandon its position on this parliamentary\\nimport.\\nOn 8 May the Trustees, Messrs. Perm, Chew, Allen, Cad-\\nwalader, Coxe, Willing, Strettell, and Duche with Dr. Smith,\\nDr. Alison, and Dr. Shippen, junior. Professor of anatomy, in\\nattendance, gave the Fojenoon to receiving and examining the\\nPieces that might be produced for Mr. Sargent s Medals. Dr.\\nSmith laid before them\\nnine Performances, sealed up under Covers as directed, and marked to be\\nwritten for the Medal proposed for the best Eaglish Essay on the Recipro-\\ncal Advantages of a perpetual Onion between Great Britain and her Ameri-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "368 PIlSTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.\\ncan Colonies also nine sealed Performances for the Medal proposed for\\nthe best Classical Performance.\\nAfter reading three of the Enghsh performances adjourn-\\nment was had until the Afternoon, when Messrs. Redman,\\nLawrence and IngHs and Dr. Morgan gave their attendance,\\nand the other six pieces were read. The Trustees httle thought\\nthat the Author of the Prize Essay was one of their afternoon s\\ncompany. Rereading three of the pieces,\\nthe Medal was unanimously decreed to the Piece having the Motto Force\\nmay subdue, but Commerce c, which on opening the cover answering to\\nthe Motto was found to belong to John Morgan, M. D. F. R. S. and Pro-\\nfessor of the Theory and Practice of Physic in this College. The second\\nalso was judged a Masterly, judicious and Sensible Performance, well\\nworthy of a Medal also, if there had been another for the same subject\\nand the third was likewise greatly approved of as a spirited Performance,\\nso far as it went and it was agreed that the Publication of both, together\\nwith the Prize Piece, would be of service at this Crisis which Determina-\\ntion was accordingly inserted in the public Papers; in Pursuance of which,\\nStephen Watts, M. A., the modest and candid author of the second Piece,\\ndirectly disclosed his Name with his Consent to, publish it with the Piece.\\nThe author of the third Piece gave the same Leave, but for particular con-\\nsiderations desired his Name not to be affixed.\\nThis was Joseph Reed, an early student of the College,^\\nthe young lawyer of Trenton, a graduate in 1757 of the Col-\\nlege of New Jersey, who was now to receive the honorary\\nMaster s Degree from the Philadelphia College, and thus be\\nbrought within reach of the Sargent Medal and whose political\\nprominence in the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was\\nto connect his name closely with the ill fortunes of the College\\nin 1779. Dr. Smith says of this, in his Preface to the Disserta-\\ntions,\\nthe author of the third Dissertation, wrote concerning his piece, that\\nhe had but two days to spare, from a particular hurry of business in his\\npossession, to prepare it in; and that so far from thinking it disgraced by\\nbeing the third best, he would have rejoiced, for the honor of the Semi-\\nnary in which he received his first education, if all the others had been\\nsuperior also; and that if there were any observations in it which had not\\nHe was entered by his father Andrew Reed in 1751 and appears in the list\\nof students the two years succeeding.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 369\\noccurred to the other gentlemen, or were likely to serve as hints for able\\npens to set so important a subject in a proper light, he readily consented to\\nits publication; but requested, for particular reasons that his name might\\nnot be annexed to it.\\nA fourth Dissertation was also published, written by the\\nfavorite son of the College, Francis Hopkinson f or to employ\\nthe too partial words of his Provost\\nThe fourth little piece is the production of an ingenious son of the\\nCollege in his own unpremeditated way. He has by many compositions\\ndone honor to the place of his education; and by this, which was only the\\nsudden work of a few hours of that day, in which the other pieces were\\nunder examination, he meant not to come in competition for the prize, but\\nonly to throw his mite into the general stock.\\nAn evening session afforded the Trustees an opportunity\\nto proceed to the examination of the Latin Pieces, but were\\nobliged to adjourn them till next Day. An all day session of\\nthese worthy men, earnest in interest for their College and dili-\\ngent in attendance on their duties, testifies to the spirit of its\\nmanagement at this time. At the next day s session Dr. Peters\\nattended was his absence on the first day due to a desire\\nto avoid decision on a composition in which a consideration of\\nthe Propietaries interests might be discussed\\nThis last day s session was fruitless as it was found\\nthat the candidates for the other Medal had imprudently and for want of\\nexperience, discovered their Mottoes and consequently their Names to each\\nother, so that the Authors of the several Pieces were generally known both\\nwithin and without Doors it was determined that the Medal\\ncould not consistent with Mr. Sargent s Trust be disposed to any of them\\nit was therefore proposed to give them a new subject\\nbut there was not time to write anew and the Candidates\\nrequested that it might be left for another year, and then be open for all\\nBachelors of Art, and this was acquiesced in.\\nfour Dissertations on the Reciprocal Advantages of a Perpetual Union\\nBetween Great Britain and her American Colonies written for Mr. Sargent^ s Prize\\nMedal. To which {by Desire) is prefixed An Eulogium Spoken on the Delivery of\\nthe Medal at the Public Commeticement in the College of Philadelphia, May 2.0th,\\n1766, Printed by William f Thomas Bradford, at the London Coffee House,\\nMDCCLXIf, p. 112. This is title No. 2213 in Mr. Hildeburn s Issues of the Press,\\nii. 51. Though there were more than three hundred and fifty copies of this publica-\\ntion subscribed for by the leading citizens and other friends of the College, yet the\\nbook is now very rare. See also Life and Correspondence of President Reed, i. 40.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "370 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe presentation of the Sargent Medal to Dr. Morgan at\\nthe ensuing commencement was a great feature of the occasion.\\nHis Honour the Governor as President of the Trustees, gave\\ninto the Hands of the Provost the Prize Medal, ordering him\\nto deliver the same as it had been previously decreed; the\\nProvost in a few words introduced Dr. Morgan who then\\ndelivered his Essay, which was received with the highest appro-\\nbation by the Audience after this the Provost added.\\nSir. As the reward of your great merit in this elegant Performance,\\nI am in the name of the Trustees and Faculty of this College, as well as\\nin behalf of the worthy donor, to beg your acceptance of this Gold Medal.\\nIts intrinsic value may not be an object of much consideration to you, but\\nthe truly honorable circumstances by which it now becomes yours, must\\nrender it one of the most valuable jewels in your Possession. That the\\nfirst literary Prize in this Institution should fall to the Share of one of its\\neldest sons, who to much Genius and Application, has joined much knowl-\\nedge of the World, will not seem strange. Yet still for the honor of this\\nSeminary, and what will not derogate from your Honor, it will appear that\\nyou have obtained this pre-eminence over no mean Competitors. Some of\\nour younger Sons (among whom we ought not to omit the Name of the\\nmodest and candid Watts, with some others even of inferior standing) have\\nexhibited such vigorous Efforts of Genius and tread so ardently on the\\nHeels of you their Senior, that it will require the utmost Exertion of all\\nyour Faculties, the continual straining of every Nerve, if you would long\\nwish to lead the way to them, in the great Career of Time.\\nThis address of the Provost to Dr. Morgan, or Eulogium\\nas entered in the Minutes, is in part there recorded. It was a\\nhappy circumstance that the news of the repeal of the Stamp\\nAct had reached Philadelphia the day before the Commence-\\nment, and the publication of Dr. Morgan s Essay was most\\nopportune. And we can picture to ourselves the warmth and\\nearnestness of the following words of the zealous Provost in his\\naddress on delivering this Medal\\nTruly delicate and difficult, we confess, was the Subject prescribed to\\nyou to treat of the reciprocal advantages of a perpetual Union between\\nGreat Britain atid her Colonies at a Time when a fatal misunderstanding\\nhad untwisted all the Cords of that Union, and the minds of many were\\ntoo much inflamed. This Difficulty was likewise increased to us by other\\nconsiderations. Great Britain, who by her Liberality, had raised this", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 371\\nCollege from a helpless to a flourishing State had an undoubted Demand\\non us for all the returns of Gratitude. Yet we could not, we durst not,\\ndivert the streams of Learning from their Sacred Course. Our country,\\nnay all America, had a Right to expect that they should be directed pure\\nalong to water the goodly Tree of Liberty, nor ever be suffered to cherish\\nany rank Weed that choaks its Growth. In this most difficult Conjuncture,\\nwe rejoice to behold you in your early years, exercising all the Temper and\\nPrudence of the most experienced Patriots. We rejoice that ever we had\\nthe least Share in forming Sentiments which have led you so powerfully to\\nshew, that in the everlasting Basis of reciprocal Interest and a participa-\\ntion of constitutional privileges, our Union shall be perpetuated, and our\\nbleeding Wounds healed up without so much as a Scar by Way of Remem-\\nbrance. Here you have Shewn yourselves entitled to the Name of true\\nSons of Liberty. Sons of Liberty indeed neither betraying her\\nsacred Cause on the one Hand, nor degenerating into Licentioustiess on\\nthe other.\\nYoung William White, a few days after, writes to his nephew:\\nas the Glorious News of the Repeal of the Stamp Act reach d Philadelphia\\nthe Day before Commencement, Dr. Smith, the Provost congratulated the\\nAudience on the joyful occasion. His Piece will soon be publish d\\ntogether with a few of the Performances for the Medal.*\\nA delay had occurred, it has been seen, in awarding the\\nSargent Medal for this political essay but how opportune and\\nsingular it was that its final award came contemporaneously with\\nthe tidings of the repeal of the Stamp Act, which allayed a\\ncrisis in the life of the colonies, and seemed to give renewed\\nassurances of the perpetuation of their Union with the Mother\\nCountry and the donor of this significant prize was a Member\\nof that Parliament against whose encroachments the people of\\nthe colonies through all their channels of utterance, their halls\\nof learning as well as in other ways, were now in earnest protesting\\nand this happy coincidence placed the young College in the\\nforefront of and in sympathy with the great thought of the day.\\nOf Mr. Sargent we know but little beyond the record of his\\npublic services.^ He renewed his correspondence with Dr. Frank-\\nMS. Letter, Bp. White to his nephew Benedict Edward Hall of Baltimore\\nCounty, 31 May, 1766.\\nMr. John Sargent was appointed Store Keeper of the King s Yard at Deplford\\nin 1746, afterwards was Merchant in London and a Director of the Bank of Eng-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "372 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nlin after the peace, and the latter writes him from Passy, 2 j Janu-\\nary, 1783.^\\nI received and read the letter you were so kind as to write me on 3rd\\ninstant, with a great deal of pleasure, as it informed me of the welfare of\\na family, whom I have so long esteemed and loved, and to whom I am\\nunder so many obligations, which I shall ever remember. Our correspon-\\ndence |has been interrupted by that abominable war. I neither expected\\nletters from you, nor would I hazard putting you in danger by writing any to\\nyou. Mrs. Sargent and the good lady, her Mother, are very kind\\nin wishing me more happy years. I ought to be satisfied with those Provi-\\ndence has already been pleased to afford me, being now in my seventy-\\neighth a long life to pass without any uncommon misfortune, the greater\\npart of it in health and vigor of mind and body, near fifty years of it\\nin continued possession of the confidence of my country, in public employ-\\nments, and enjoying the esteem and affectionate, friendly regard of many\\nwise and good men and women, in every country where I have resided.\\nFor these mercies and blessings, I desire to be thankful to God, whose\\nprotection I have hitherto had, and 1 hope for its continuance to the end,\\nwhich cannot be far distant.\\nThis letter contains one of those quaint phrases which so\\noften find their way into Franklin s correspondence\\nThe account you give me of your family is pleasing, except that your\\neldest son continues so long unmarried. I hope he does not intend to live\\nand die in celibacy. The wheel of life, that has rolled down to him from\\nAdam without interruption, should not stop with him. I would not have\\none dead, unbearing branch in the genealogical tree of the Sargents.\\nland, and from 1754 to 1761, Memberof Parliament for Midhurst, and 1765-8, M. P.\\nfor West Looe, Cornwall. He first possessed the mansion of May Place in Kent and\\nafterwards purchased Halstead Place. He died at Tunbridge Wells, 20 Septem-\\nber, 1 79 1. His son John was the author of the Mine and other Poems; in 1790 he\\nwas M. P. for Seaford, in 1793 for Queensborough, and after parliamentary service he\\naccepted the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds in 1806, and died in 1831. His\\neldest son, also John, born in 1781, was fellow of King s College, Cambridge,\\nobtained orders and was presented by his father to the livings of Graff ham in 1805\\nand WooUavington, 1813, where he died 3 May, 1833. One of the latter s daughters\\nmarried Samuel Wilberforce, afterwards Bishop of Oxford, and another Henry Man-\\nning, who succeeded him in the living of WooUavington and afterwards became Car-\\ndinal Manning. Gentleman s Magazine, 1S33. Supplement, i. 636, also Hansard\\nand Allibone for the last two Sargents.\\nBigelow, viii. 256.\\nand he continues The married state is, after all our jokes, the happiest,\\nbeing conformable to our natures. Man and woman have each of them qualities and\\ntempers, in which the other is deficient, and which in union contribute to the common\\nfelicity. Single and separate, they are not the complete human being they are like\\nthe odd halves of scissors: they cannot answer the end of their formation.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 373\\nLXI.\\nHaving thus anticipated some of the narrative of later\\nyears, which has been done in order to present unbroken the\\nstory of the Sargent Medal, we now return to the year 1763 to\\nnote one of the public corporate appearances of the College\\nwe find in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 17 November, the narra-\\ntive of the Humble Address of the Vice Provost and Profes-\\nsors of the College and Academy of Philadelphia to the Honor-\\nable John Penn, Esquire, Lieutenant Governor, in which they\\nare happy in this Opportunity of presenting him with their\\nCompliments of Felicitation on his safe arrival in this Province.\\nTo which his reply was couched in appropriate phrase\\nBeing very sensible that nothing can better advance the Interest and\\nWelfare of this young Colony, than the Encouragement of Literature and\\nuseful Knowledge; you may be assured that the well established Seminary\\nunder your care shall at all times receive my Countenance and Protection.\\nJohn Penn, now thirty-four years of age, had arrived in\\nPhiladelphia on 30 October, 1763, on his second visit to the\\nProvince, and succeeded as Lieutenant Governor William\\nDenny, whose unpopular administration was now almost for-\\ngotten in the coming of the grandson of the founder of the\\nProvince. The welcome accorded by the faculty of the College\\nto Denny on his arrival in August, 1756, in common with other\\npublic bodies and the civic authorities, had suggested the most\\nexalted promises for a happy administration the local disap-\\npointment had been so extreme that it tended to make the\\nwelcome to John Penn seven years later not less loyal but much\\nless extravagant. Governor Penn s interest in the institution\\nwas manifested by his acceptance of a Trusteeship on the\\noccurrence of the first vacancy after his arrival by the removal\\nof Mr. Andrew Elliot from the Province, he was elected at the\\nmeeting of 11 September, 1764, to succeed him, and at the\\nmeeting of 9 October, the Secretary, Dr. Smith, enters the\\nMinute\\nThe Hon ble John Penn, Esq took the oath, and subscribed the\\nDeclaration as required by the Charter, and also subscribed the Funda-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "374 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nmental Article for perpetuating the Constitution of this Seminary, alter which\\nhe took his seat at the Board of Trustees.\\nHe soon was elevated to the Presidency, at the meeting of\\n1 6 November following\\nThe President [James Hamilton] having signified to the Board that his\\naffairs required his embarking soon for England, he desired that the Trus-\\ntees would proceed to the choice of a new President and the Hon ble John\\nPenn, Esq Governor of this Province was unanimously chosen; and\\nMess. Inglis and Lardner were appointed to acquaint the Governor with\\nthis Choice and to request him to do them the Honor to accept of the\\nsame;\\nwhich he did, and took his seat accordingly at the meeting of 1 1\\nDecember, succeeding to the brief incumbency of James Hamilton,\\nwho had been elected when Dr. Peters went to England in June,\\n1764, on a visit. His uncle, Lynford Lardner, had been elected\\na Trustee on 8 June, 1762, but did not qualify and take his seat\\nuntil 10 January, 1764. Mr. Lardner was elected to the place\\nmade vacant by the death of Mr. Leech in the previous March\\nand at the same meeting with him was elected Mr. Amos Stret-\\ntell who succeeded his father who had died the previous year.\\nIn addition to these two vacancies by death among the Trustees,\\nthere had been those caused by the death of Mr. Maddox and\\nMr. Masters to the former Thomas Willing was elected on 8\\nJuly, 1760; and Rev. Jacob Duche, the first alumnus to be-\\ncome a Trustee, was elected on 10 February, 1761. Mr. Wil-\\nling, who thus became a Trustee at twenty-eight years of age,\\nwas the eldest son of Charles Willing, one of the original twenty-\\nfour Trustees, and became an eminent merchant, and served his\\ncity in many public capacities. But Duche was his junior, being\\nbut twenty-three years of age at the time of his election a great\\ntestimony to his learning and intelligence and to his warm\\ninterest in his Alma Mater. These are evidences that our an-\\ncestors of a century ago did not always elect men of mature\\nyears to posts of dignity and responsibility, but equally with us\\navailed themselves when occasion served of the services of young\\nmen, which we of this generation claim to be a peculiar departure\\nof our own. Mr. Willing did not qualify until 10 February,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 375\\n1 76 1, having been prevented by absence and indisposition\\nfrom giving his Attendance till now. When Dr. Smith took\\nhis departure for England in 1762, eleven of the original Trus-\\ntees had died, and also one of those later elected, John Mifflin.\\nLXII.\\nThe finances of the institution did not keep pace with its\\ngrowing influence. Circumstances forbad, it may be presumed,\\nhigher charges or fees for tuition than those already prescribed.\\nThere were now near two hundred Students and Scholars, be-\\nsides eighty Boys and forty Girls educated on Charity, as stated\\nin the Address of the Trustees submitted at the meeting of 1 5\\nDecember, 1761, for Dr. Smith to submit to all Charitable Per-\\nsons, Patrons of Literature and Friends of Useful Knowledge.\\nAnd the Faculty consisted of a Provost, a Vice Provost, and\\nthree professors, assisted by six Tutors or Ushers, besides two\\nMasters and a Mistress for the Charity Schools. These were\\nDr. Smith, Dr. Alison, Professors Kinnersley, Williamson and\\nBeveridge, William Ayres, Thomas Pratt, Samuel Campbell,\\nRichard Harrison, Patrick Alison, and Thomas Polock, Tutors;\\nJohn Davis and John Porter, Masters, and Mrs. Middleton, Mistress\\nof the Charity School. The sum of the salaries of these amounted\\nannually to 1321, to which were now to be added Dr. Ewing s\\ncompensation for supplying the Provost s place in his absence,\\namounting to ;^I75. The collections from the tuition fees in\\n1761 amounted to ^763.15.11. In 1760 they amounted to\\n;^629.7.6; in 1759 to ^14-4.7 in 1758 to ^746.10.1 in 1757\\nto 543. 10; the greatest return was in 1753, when the sum\\namounted to ;^ii02. 12.6. The total from the beginning to the\\nend of 1761, amounted to 6393. 19.3^. The subscriptions\\nfrom friends and the kindly disposed, for the same period,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "3/6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\namounted to \u00c2\u00a3$^^^2.1.4. of which sum ;^3376. 12.4 had been real-\\nised before the close of the year 1753. To these may be added\\nthe contribution in 1753 of the City Council of i^200, and their\\nfive years annuity of ;^ioo the Proprietaries gift of 500 on\\ngranting the charter the proceeds, namely 1 84. 5 11 ^2 of Rev.\\nGeorge Whitefield s Charity Sermon of September, 1754; and\\nHenry Wright s principal of his annuity amounting to ^300,\\ngranted in 1759.^ But the Trustees soon realised that the ordi-\\nnary channels of income could not meet their engagements, even\\nwith an occasional special effort. And Lotteries were resorted to\\nas early as 1757, and this source of revenue through seven Lot-\\nteries in all for as many years was well cultivated. To the end\\nof the year 1761, the sum of ^6781. 17.2 had thus been gathered.\\nIt was an age of Lotteries, when all needy institutions, churches\\nincluded, sought this fictitious and abused system as a means of\\ndrawing money from their fellow citizens for needed wants under\\nthe deceit of offering them chances of gain. Their first scheme\\nwas advertised in the Gazette of 17 March, 1757, and introduced\\nby a statement\\nthe necessary expenses of this Institution, the constant support of two\\nCharity Schools in it the late enlargement of the design by opening\\nschools for Philosophy and the Sciences the purchasing a compleat appa-\\nratus for experiments therein, and fitting up the publick Hall for accom-\\nmodating the Inhabitants at Commencements and other publick occasions,\\n[and they] were entirely sensible that no Institution of such extensive\\nDr. Smith acquainted the Trustees that one Mr. Henry Wright, of this\\ncity, Whipmaker, to whom he was a stranger, had sent for him and acquainted him that\\nfinding himself out of order and having of a long time intended to give his little Estate\\nto the Academy he desired some of the Trustees might be told of it and come to\\nassist him to draw such Writings as should be thought necessary for that purpose,\\nthat thereupon Mr. Chew and Mr. Alexander Stedman waited on him and an Instru-\\nment was drawn at his special direction wherein he acknowledged to have given to the\\nTrustees Three Hundred Pounds Currency for the use of the Academy and is to\\nreceive from them if demanded an Annuity of Thirty Pounds per Annum but for no\\nlonger time than until the several Yearly Payments shall amount to the said sum of\\nThree Hundred Pounds. Minutes 14 December, 1759. At the meeting of 8 Janu-\\nary, 1760, report was made of the proper exchange of papers at which Mr. Wright\\nwas extremely pleased and told them as he found himself on the Recovery he would\\ncontinue to keep shop and hoped to augment the sum already given for this useful\\nInstitution.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 377\\nUsefulness was ever supported in any Country without some certain Rev-\\nenue or Endowment, independent of what is paid by the Scholars.\\nBut these schemes were not pursued without animadver-\\nsion by many good citizens. Bradford s paper the Pennsylvania\\nJournal, had admitted to its columns towards the close of the\\nyear 1758 some communications reflecting on the College for\\nseeking this unwarranted and unseemly mode of raising funds,\\nwhich however were accepted by its friends as displaying more\\nunfriendliness to the institution than condemnation of Lotteries\\nin themselves. These disturbed Dr. Alison and his associates\\nof the Faculty, and he sought counsel and comfort from the\\nTrustees. Had the valiant Provost at that time not been\\nengrossed with his preparations to take a quiet departure for\\nEngland to prosecute his appeal for redress against the Assem-\\nbly, he would have taken up his pen and vigorously met these\\ncharges. Dr. Alison was inclined to this himself, but the com-\\nfort and counsel he obtained from the Trustees only enjoined\\nsilence and patience. At their meeting of 9 January, 1759,\\nMr Alison, the Vice Provost, with the other Professors, as a Faculty,\\nacquainted the Trustees, that some Papers were published in the Pennsyl-\\n-vania Journal, in which many false and scandalous Aspersions were\\nthrown on the characters of the Trustees and Professors and sundry false\\narguments brought against the Morality and Lawfulness of Lotteries, and\\ndesired Leave to make Answer to the said Papers, in order to undeceive\\nthe People, and vindicate their Characters. The- Request was taken into\\nconsideration, and it was the unanimous Opinion of all present, that the\\nProfessors should be desired to forbear publishing any Answers, because it\\nappeared to the Trustees and to many sensible and sober Citizens, with\\nwhom they had fallen into Conversation on this Subject, that the Persons,\\nwho were the Authors of these Papers were some low creatures, who wrote\\nfrom Passion and Resentment, that neither their Calumnies nor their\\nThe receipts from the Lotteries were as follows\\nNo. I. 881. 4. 3 1757. 3091. o.ii\\n2. 2983. 9. 3 1759. 1376.19.1i\\n3. 914. I. II 1760. 574. I. 2\\n4. 990.17. 8 1761. 739.15. 2\\n5. 956. 7. 2% 1762. 877. 8. 7\\n6. 1079. 5. 9 1763. 2183.16. 4\\n7. 1652. 1. 7 1764. 614. 5. e}i\\n9457- 7- I A 9457- 7- 7 A", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "378 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nArguments would hurt the Institution or the Characters of any concerned\\nin the Trust or Schools.\\nThe Lotteries were too popular to be scolded down, and\\nwere too fruitful in financial results for needy institutions to\\nforego their service. In the space of a few years at this period\\nof the city s history Lotteries were opened to erect Christ Church\\nSteeple,^ to aid in building St. Peter s Church to finish St.\\nPaul s Church for the Steeple of the Second Presbyterian\\nChurch to enlarge Trinity Church, Oxford, Philadelphia County\\nfor the use of St. James Church, and for the Presbyterian Church,\\nat Lancaster, Penna. to rebuild St. John s Church, in Chester\\nCounty for the Presbyterian Church at Middletown, and for the\\nnew Presbyterian Church on the Brandywine for the new Presby-\\nterian Church in Baltimore to build a Light House at Cape Hen-\\nlopen and improve the navigation of the Delaware; for a bridge over\\nConestoga Creek to pave Second Street from Race to Callowhill\\nStreet for a company of rangers in Tulpehocken, Berks County\\nand one also to raise ^6000 for the New Jersey College at Prince-\\nton, and one for \u00c2\u00a3i\\\\2^.i.iyi for the new Germantown Academy,\\nthe corner stone of which was laid 21 April, 1760, and which\\nbefore the end of the year had gathered in sixty-one English\\nand seventy German pupils, and where David James Dove was\\nnow employed as English teacher, and as English usher or\\ntutor Thomas Pratt, whom by the beginning of the year 1762\\nwe find again in the employ of the College and Academy. But\\na line was drawn on the object of a Lottery if it was not accept-\\nable, for where one was proposed for the erection of public\\nbaths and pleasure grounds, the clergy and others of the com-\\nmunity protested strenuously against them, as tending to\\nfurther the growing inclination among the people for pleasure,\\nluxury, gaming, and dissipation, and among the protestants\\nwere Dr. Jenney, Dr. Smith, Dr. Alison, Mr. Ewing and Mr,\\nDuche.\\nAt their meeting of 30 October, 1752, the Vestry of Christ Church appointed\\ntwelve of their number, adding thereto Benjamin Franklin, to be the Managers of the\\nLottery; it is this conjunction which originated the statement that Franklin was a\\nVestryman of Christ Church, but he was never elected thereto, though a pew holder\\nin the Church. Of the Vestry on this Committee, Mess. Taylor and Leech were\\nTrustees of the College and Academy.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 379\\nThe evil influences of Lotteries were however recognised,\\nand the Provincial Assembly finally passed a bill for their sup-\\npression, declaring all such schemes, public or private, to be\\ncommon nuisances and against the good of the province. This\\naction was due to the attitude and remonstrance of the Society\\nof Friends, whose influence in the Legislature was great but\\nthe authorities at home did not approve, doubtless because their\\nenactment was due to this source, and Dr. Peters at the meeting\\nof the Trustees on 13th January, 1761, hastened to inform them\\nthat the Governor had received from the Council office the Repeals of\\nseveral Laws passed in this Province in the Time of the late Governor\\nDenny and among them the Repeal of the Law for suppressing Lotteries\\nand Plays, which were to be notified to the Publick in the next Gazette,\\nand proposed it to the Consideration of the Trustees whether it might not\\nbe proper to have a Sixth Lottery and they were unanimously of\\nopinion that one should be offered for the raising of three Thousand Pieces\\nof Eight, and a scheme being laid before them by Mr Charles Stedman,\\nthe same was approved of, and the Management thereof committed to Mr\\nPeters, Mr Turner, Mr Stedman, Mr Willing, and Mr Thomas ^Gordon,\\nwho were to give Bond and to be under Oath for the faithful Discharge of\\ntheir Duty, and they were desired to take care that the Tickets be printed\\nby Mr Hall, and the scheme inserted in the next Gazette.\\nThis last caution deprived Mr. Bradford of an advertise-\\nment in his Journal, as they had not forgotten his anonymous\\ncorrespondent of two years before, who had maligned the\\nCollecre and its administrators for their resort to Lotteries.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "380 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLXIII.\\nDr. Smith on his return from England in 1759 brought\\nfrom Thomas Penn his gift to the College of his one-fourth part\\nof the Manor of Perkasie in Bucks County, containing twenty-five\\nhundred acres, through which the Perkiomen Creek coursed.\\nThis was thankfully acknowledged and Dr. Alison and Mr. Coxe\\nwere appointed a Committee to view the property, and they\\nreported to the Trustees on 8 July, 1760, upon its condition,\\nand recommended its sale\\nThe Land will now sell better than at any time hereafter, for many\\nyears to come, for the Tenants are pretty well able to purchase, having\\ncleared a great Quantity of Land for Corn. If we do not sell\\nthe Lands the present inhabitants will move off and purchase elsewhere,\\nand sell their Leases to poor wretches for a Sum of Money, who will\\ndestroy the Lands to pay this Sum and to enrich themselves and probably\\nleave our Rent unpaid. On the whole we think that we can\\nsell the whole Tract for three thousand pounds\\nThis gift of the Proprietary was in the nature of a permanent\\ngrant to the Institution in lieu of the annuity of ;^50 he had\\nfrom the first granted to the Provost, and as the present rental\\nof the quarter of the Manor amounted by the Committee s\\nreport to but \u00c2\u00a34 the present gift was of no advantage to\\nthe College unless a sale could be made for ready funds which\\nin another investment would yield more income\\nas Lands were now at a very high price owing to the Abundance of money\\nthrown into the Country by the Army, and Mr Peters was\\ndesired to send Mr Penn a copy of the Report and Opinion of the Trus-\\ntees and a proper Letter on the Subject.\\nBut manj^ months elapsed before the President, Dr. Peters, acted\\nin this request, and at the meeting of 10 February, 1761,\\nOf this Tract 714 acres were valued at ;^i-i5 per acre.\\n878\\nl.IO\\n250\\n1.05\\n150\\nI.\\n175\\n.18\\n333\\nabout .10\\n2500", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 381\\nhe acquainted the Trustees that some Difficulties arising on the more\\nmature Consideration of the Matter he had communicated to some of the\\nTrustees who were of opinion that it ought to be postponed till it could be\\nbetter considered, thereupon the Trustees went upon a serious Considera-\\ntion of it and appointed Mr Peters, Mr Chew, Mr Edward Shippen a\\nCommittee to draw up a letter- to Mr Thomas Penn to desire leave to make\\nsale thereof and to dispose of the Money arising therefrom in some other way\\nmore advantageous to the Academy and to preserve the same Reservations\\nas were in the Deed.\\nThe suggestion for an early realization by sale of this gift\\nof realty may not have been welcomed by the Proprietary; but\\nhowever that may be he completely dissembled it when he\\nfinally wrote them on ii August, 1762\\nAs I have the establishment of the Institution veiy much at heart,\\nand am truly sensible that the constant attention and car\u00c2\u00a7 with which you have\\nexecuted your Trust has under the Blessing of the Almighty raised the\\nreputation of the College and Academy very high, and so as to answer all\\nthe good Purposes at first intended, it is a great Satisfaction to me to assist\\nin promoting so good a Work, and I wish to do it in such a Manner as\\nshall be most agreeable to yourselves, provided I can be convinced such\\nMethod will tend to the real advantage of it considering the future as well\\nas the present Time. This consideration has induced me to defer for so\\nlong a time the sending an Answer to your very respectful and obliging\\nLetter, and I have not only waited to consider the proposal you have made\\nmyself, but have desired the Sentiments of one or two of my most valuable\\nFriends, and they do also fortify me in my own opinion that it will be\\nmost for the Interest of the College to keep the Lands I have granted, as\\nin the common course of things they must, though they should not be\\ntaken the best care of, yield much more to those that are to come after us,\\nthan the Sum you propose to raise from the Sale of them I am therefore\\nunder a Necessity of desiring you will not think I act an unkind part\\nwhen I refuse to comply with your Request.\\nBut that the Trustees\\nmay not be greatly disappointed I have proposed that we should give Five\\nHundred Pounds Sterling to the present Collection [now making by Dr.\\nSmith], and if that should not amount to a sum sufficient to answer your\\nExpectations I shall be willing to add a subscription of ^50 Currency a\\nyear, till such time as it is redeemed by a Benefaction of as great value.\\nDr. Smith s presence in England was helpful to a solution\\nof this matter and besides this contribution to the Collection,.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "382 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthe promised annuity practically continued the sum formerly\\ngranted the Provost, for which Mr. Penn recognized that the\\nPerkasie gift was not an equivalent. This was read at the\\nmeeting of 9 November, 1762, and the- Trustees\\nin considering the handsome and kind Manner in which the Proprietary\\nhad expressed his favourable Sentiments of the Trustees and their Con-\\nduct, and the fresh Instances he had given of his Generosity, declared\\nunanimously their Satisfaction with the Proprietary s Determination and\\ngood Pleasure, though he had not been pleased to favour their request.\\nLXIV.\\nBut we must now return to Dr. Smith s visit to England,\\nwhere we have seen that he arrived early in the month of March,\\n1762, bearing letters and instructions to aid him in his collections\\non behalf of the College, whose funds were proving inadequate\\nto its proper maintenance and its further reputation. The rep-\\nresentative of no other College would have been so well received\\nin England as one from an institution which attracted to itself so\\npowerful an influence at home, and no one better fitted for such\\nrepresentation than the young Scotch Provost whose native\\ntrait of loyalty, now that he was in the orders of the State\\nChurch, made him an Englishman of Englishmen. Harvard,\\nand Yale, and Princeton, were perhaps more self reliant, being\\nwithout those Home relations which were so promising to the\\nColleges in Philadelphia and New York when their Appeals were\\npresented. King s College had turned its face at this time and\\nwith the same end to England, and Dr. Smith on his arrival\\nfound that the field was not his own but with his ready\\nadaptability to circumstances, he prepared himself to work in\\npartnership as well as he could single handed.\\nThe meeting of the Trustees held on 15 December,\\n1 76 1, at which these Letters and Instructions were approved", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 383\\nwas well attended, Messrs. Peters, Stedman, Chew, Willing,\\nDuche, Thomas and Phineas Bond, White, Coleman, Coxe,\\nEdward Shippen, Inglis and Plumsted, being present. They\\naddressed All Charitable Persons, Patrons of Literature, and\\nFriends of Useful Knowledge and\\nhumbly represented, That about twelve years ago sundry Gentlemen of\\nthe City of Philadelphia, observing the rapid Growth of the said City and\\nProvince, through the vast accession of People from different parts of the\\nWorld, became seriously impressed with a View of the Inconvenience that\\nmust necessarily arise in such a place if left destitute of the necessary\\nmeans of Instruction. They saw with concern that after the Death of the\\nfirst settlers (many of whom were well educated before they came into\\nAmerica) the generality of their Descendants were in danger of degene-\\nrating into the greatest ignorance, as few of them could afford the Expence of\\neducating their Children in distant Places, and there was but little Prospect\\nof seeing anything speedily done in a publick way for the Advancement of\\nKnowledge. To prevent as much as possible these Inconveniences and to\\nmake some adequate Provision for training up a Succession of Good Men,\\nfor the Service of their Country in these remote parts the above mentioned\\nSeminary was begun by private Subscriptions, and through the Blessing of\\nAlmighty God and the Liberality of Individuals though unassisted by any\\nPublick Encouragement it has in after years arrived to a very great Degree\\nof Perfection. Sundry excellent youths have already been raised in it as\\nwell for the sacred office of the Ministry, as for the civil Professions of Life.\\nIt consists at present of near two hundred Students and Scholars besides\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2eighty Boys and forty Girls educated on charity. Though the\\ngreatest Qiconomy hath been used in every part of the Design and nothing\\nattempted but what the Circumstances of so growing a place seemed abso-\\nlutely to require, yet the necessary expence attending so large an undertak-\\ning hath greatly exceeded all the Resources in the power of the Trustees,\\nand as the charge of the Seminary is now \u00c2\u00a3700 annually more than its\\nIncome, they have the disagreeable Prospect of seeing its Funds in a few\\nyears wholly exhausted and an end put to its Usefulness after all their\\nlabours for its support unless they can procure the assistance of generous\\nand well disposed persons abroad. They cannot doubt but that\\na Seminary of Learning placed in one of the most important Cities and\\ncentral Provinces of America, will meet with all due Encouragement from\\nthe Friends of Religion and Learning in Great Britain and Ireland.\\nAnd they hereby promise that whatever shall be contributed to that End\\nshall be faithfully applied upon the same liberal and pious Plan whereon it\\nwas first founded and hath hitherto been so successfully carried on. And they\\nfurther promise that due care shall be taken to preserve Lists of the Con-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "384 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ntributors and to perpetuate their Names in the Institution with Gratitude to\\nthe latest generations\\nThe burden of this appeal would seem to ignore the exist-\\nence of the now venerable college at Cambridge and the well\\ngrown institution at New Haven, were it not for thought of the\\nstress laid upon the establishment of a like college on a sound\\nfinancial basis in a chief city in the new country, for the College\\nin Philadelphia was the first practical attempt made to plant an.\\ninstitution with like ambitious plans in a community whose bus-\\niness connections and influences exceeded all other centres in the\\ncolonies. A like attempt was being followed by King s College\\nin New York, but it had not won for itself in the same term the\\nlike reputation of its elder sister of Philadelphia. It may well\\nbe assumed, however, that the advanced and thorough curriculum\\nof the latter, which had now survived its experiment of a three\\nyears trial and become an established system, justly inspired the\\nTrustees with the pleasant thought that the aims of the Seminary\\nwhose care was in their Trust had attained a much higher plane\\nthan any of the other like institutions in the provinces and who so\\nfitting to represent its claims and needs abroad than the well\\ntrained scholar who had placed its reputation as a school so\\nhigh\\nAn address was likewise prepared to the Proprietaries,\\nThomas and Richard Penn,\\nreturning them most hearty Thanks for all the Instances of their Generosity\\nand Protection which they had shown to this Institution, by means of which\\nand the Liberality of many other good Friends of Learning they have been\\nenabled to carry it on for the space of Twelve Years and have now the\\npleasure of seeing its Reputation extensive and its Usefulness generally\\nacknowledged and felt. But amidst the Satisfaction arising from this we-\\nfind that all Resources in our Power will be insufficient to support it for\\nany Number of years its Annual Expen ce so far exceeding its Income as\\ncontinually to diminish our Capital [and commending Dr. Smith] to their\\nkind advice and assistance in prosecuting this good Design, being well\\nassured that benevolent spirit and Love of Learning, which induced them\\nso freely to become the kind Patrons of this Seminary will be sufficient\\nMotives with them to countenance and encourage this Design for its\\ncompletion.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 385\\nAnother letter was addressed alone to Thomas Penn,\\nmainly on the subject of the disposition of the Perkasie Manor\\nproperty which the Trustees deemed best to sell and realize a\\nsum of money which they could invest to better advantage;\\nto this, however, as we have already seen, a negative answer was\\nreturned by Mr. Penn.\\nThese were enough for one meeting. Two days later the\\nsame Trustees met, excepting Messrs, Chew, Willing, Duche and\\nColeman, and agreed upon certain instructions to Dr. Smith, and\\nmade provision for his expenses as well as for the supply of his post\\nin the college, which Mr. Ewing had been desired to do in his ab-\\nsence and he had kindly promised to do it upon a proper Com-\\npensation for Trouble, and Mr. Peters and Mr. Stedman were\\ndesired to settle the sum that should be allowed him. He had\\nso faithfully and well supplied Dr. Smith s place in his former\\nabsence, that Dr. Smith could leave his pupils with confidence\\nunder his care, a confidence he found not misplaced on his\\nreturn to them in 1764.\\nDr. Smith s instructions were placed in full on the Minutes.\\nIn the outset they assure him they have proceeded in this affair\\nvery much by his Advice, and in Expectation of the hearty con-\\ncurrence of our Honorable Proprietaries, and\\nwe trust and desire you will lose no time either in embarking for England\\nor when there in setting about and carrying on this good work with your\\nutmost Zeal, Prudence, and Assiduity, first waiting on the Proprietaries\\nthat by their Council and Recommendation you may be enabled to make\\na good beginning.\\nHere the urgent Perkasie matter comes in\\nDo not neglect to let Mr. Thomas Penn know that as Lands are now at\\na high Price, owing to our present happy flow of Wealth, if he be inclined\\nto favour our application for their sale, the sooner he sends his Orders the\\ngreater Benefit will be likely to accrue to the Academy.\\nAnd then the Instructions proceed\\nIf Mr. Franklin should be in England on your Arrival, we desire you\\nwill wait upon him, lay before him your several Papers, acquaint him with", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "386 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nour Necessities, consult with him and desire he will give you all the assist-\\nance in his Power and we doubt not but he will readily advise and assist\\nyou and that by his Means you may be recommended to many Persons of\\nWealth and Distinction If any other of the Trustees should happen to\\nbe in England whilst you are engaged in this Business, you are to consult\\nwith them from time to time, as occasion may require.\\nThe Treasurer was ordered to pay him the sum of one\\nhundred and fifty Pounds Currency which is advanced towards\\nthe charge that may attend the service and they add we\\ntrust you will lay it out with the utmost Frugalit)^ and be care-\\nful to Keep an exact Account of every Expence that you shall\\nbe put in the Prosecution of this Business. The dangers of a\\nvoyage in those times were provided for\\nMr Peters on our behalf has given you a Credit on Mess Barclay\\nCo as far as an hundred Pounds Sterling. If you arrive safe there may be\\nno use for it, but in case you shall fall into the hands of the Enemy it may\\nbe of use to obtain a decent support and a quick Exchange and conveyance\\nto England.\\nThe instructions continued with precision and thorough-\\nness to the end.\\nIf in six Months after your arrival in England you shall not meet\\nwith Encouragement nor see any Prospect of it, we would have you lose no\\nTime but take the first opportunity that shall offer of returning home. But\\nif you shall meet with good success, we think it too great a Risque for you\\nto carry large sums of Money about you, and therefore order you whenever\\nthe sum collected becomes considerable to pay or order it to be paid into\\nthe Hands of Mess Barclay Co. whom we have appointed our Agents for\\nthe receipt of all sums that shall be collected on this Occasion, sending\\nthem always along with the Money or Order an exact List of the Names of\\nsuch as you shall have received it from which Lists we would have trans-\\nmitted to us from Time to Time that we may know how you go on.\\nYou will not fail to write full accounts of your proceedings to us by every\\nopportunity;\\nand adding we most heartily pray for your Safe Arrival and\\ngood Success, this statesmanlike document was concluded.\\nDr. Peters schooling in the Service of the Proprietaries had well\\nqualified him to draft the proper instructions to a plenipoten-\\ntiary.\\nArmed with these letters and guided by these instructions,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 387\\nthe Provost made his final arrangements for departure on a Mis-\\nsion which while it had some promise in it was at the same time\\nthe cause of anxiety to those interests which he was now so not-\\nably to serve we can read between the lines as it were of these\\nproceedings of the Trustees and recognise the grave concern\\nwhich prompted this serious movement to resuscitate the finances\\nof the College and secure a further lease of life for its usefulness\\nand Dr. Smith s cheerful alacrity in responding to the summons\\ntestified to his sense of the necessity of the case, and without\\nhesitation he ventured on his winter voyage. On 10 January,\\n1762, he preached in Christ Church the funeral sermon over the\\nRev. Dr. Jenney, its Rector, and on the 25th he took his depar-\\nture from Philadelphia for New York, where he remained until\\n13 February for a suitable opportunity and on which day he\\nsailed for England. He could not have contemplated, when he\\nleft, that an interval of more than two years and a half would\\noccur before his home would welcome his return. His time in\\nNew York afforded him a renewal of his intercourse with Dr.\\nJohnson, who was now made acquainted with the objects of\\nhis visit to England, and as King s College had like needs with\\nits fellow College in Pennsylvania for present support, the\\nthoughts of Dr. Johnson and his co-laborers had already turned\\nto the Mother Country hoping for aid, and it is not unlikely that\\nDr. Smith talked over his plans with them, and we shall not be\\nsurprised to see the two Colleges soliciting collections side by\\nside, by their respective emissaries, for their treasuries, although\\nDr. Smith soon after his arrival in England found to his regret\\nthat instead of proceeding individually it was the better plan to\\nproceed in partnership.\\nOn reaching London early in March he prepared\\nan Humble Representation by William Smith D. D, Provost of the College,\\nAcademy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia, in behalf of said Semi-\\nnary, and by appointment of the Trustees thereof, To all Charitable Per-\\nsons and Patrons of Useful Knowledge,^\\nwhich is a recapitulation and extension of the petition prepared\\nby the Trustees already noticed, and which he employed in\\nSmith, i. 295.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "388 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\npreference to the briefer Address they had approved. To his\\nHumble Representation he added this Postscript\\nAs many pious Persons and Friends of Literature, whom the Writer\\nof this cannot possibly know of, nor wait upon at their respective Places of\\nabode, may be desirous of contributing to this useful Seminary, they will\\nbe pleased to observe that Benefactions will be received for it by the fol-\\nlowing Gentlemen, Bankers, viz Sir Charles Asgill and Company, Lom-\\nbard Street, and Mess Drummond and Company, at Charing Cross.\\nHe had not yet communicated with David Barclay Co. He\\npresented his letters to Mr. Thomas Penn who received him\\ngraciously and promised to forward his scheme all in his power.\\nIt is impossible, indeed, forme he writes to express how\\nhearty and zealous Mr. Penn is in this business. On 19 March\\nhe waited upon Dr. Seeker the Archbishop of Canterbury, and\\nfrom him he obtained the hint that if a Brief should be sought\\nfor by him that there had been so many applications of that sort\\nof late, that he feared it would produce but little. The Arch-\\nbishop of York promised him also his countenance and aid. On\\nhis arrival Dr. Smith had discovered there were two prime ways\\nfor him to pursue in making his collections his Humble Rep-\\nresentation was in print, but it must be employed with skill he\\ncould either communicate personally and upon influential intro-\\nduction to the individual wealthy and well disposed, or seek the\\nother plan, which was more formal but of the highest influence,\\nthat of attaining a Royal Brief; and he soon decided to make\\napplication for this.\\nThe Brief was the technical term given to letters patent written in the\\nroyal name to the incumbent of every parish in England, directing him to\\nrecommend to his congregation some charitable object which the King\\nwas particularly desirous of promoting, and authorising Collections to be\\nmade by specially appointed Commissioners from house to house these\\nare the words of the Brief throughout the Kingdom in aid of the under-\\ntaking.^\\nThe following clauses of the Brief describe its authority\\nand scope.\\nAnd therefore in pursuance of the Tenor of an Act of Parliament,\\nMemoirs of the Rev. William Smith, D. D. C. J. Stille, p 25.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 389\\nmade in the Fourth Year of the Reign of the late Queen Anne, entitled\\nAn Act for the better collecting Charity Money on Briefs by Letters Patent,\\nand preventing abuses in relation to such charities. Our Will and Pleasure is,\\nand we do hereby (for the better Advancement of these our Pious intentions)\\nrequire and command all Ministers, Teachers, and Preachers, Church\\nWardens, Chapel Wardens, and the Collectors of this Brief, and all others\\nconcerned, that they and every of them observe the Directions in the said\\nAct contained, and do in all Things conform themselves thereunto and\\nthat when the printed copies of these Presents shall be tendered unto you\\nthe respective Ministers and Curates, Church Wardens and Chapel War-\\ndens, and to the respective Teachers and Preachers of every separate Con-\\ngregation, that you, and every of you, under the Penalties to be inflicted by\\nthe said Act, do receive the same.\\nAnd you the respective Ministers and Curates, Teachers and Preach-\\ners, are, by all persuasive Motives and Arguments, earnestly to exhort your\\nrespective Congregations and Assemblies to a liberal Contribution of their\\nCharity for the Pious Intent and Purpose aforesaid And you the said Church\\nWardens and Chapel Wardens, together with the Minister, and some of\\nthe substantial Inhabitants of the several Parishes and Places accompany-\\ning them, are also hereby required to go from House to House, upon the\\nWeek Days next following the Publication of these Presents, to ask and\\nreceive from the Parishioners, as well Masters and Mistresses, as Servants\\nand others in their Families, their charitable and Christian Contributions\\nand to take the Names in Writing of all such as shall contribute hereunto,\\nand the Sum and Sums by them respectively given, and indorse the whole\\nSums upon the said printed Briefs, in Words at Length, and subscribe the\\nsame with their proper Hands, together with the Name of the Parish or Place\\nwhere, and the Time when collected, and to enter the same in the publick\\nBooks of Account kept for each Parish and Chapelry respectively; and the\\nSum and Sums collected, together with the said printed Briefs, so endorsed,\\nyou are to deliver to the said Deputies and Agents authorized to receive the\\nsame.\\nAnd lastly. Our will and pleasure is, That no Person or Persons\\nshall receive the said printed Briefs or Monies collected thereon, but such\\nonly as shall be deputed and made the Bearer and Bearers of these Pres-\\nents, or Duplicates thereof.\\nIn witness whereof We have caused these Our Letters to be made\\nPatent and to continue in Force for One Whole Year from Michaelmas Day\\nnext, and no longer.\\nThe Trustees and Receivers of the charity to be collected\\nby virtue of these Presents, with Power to any P ive or more of\\nthem, to give Deputations to such Collectors as shall be chosen", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "390 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nby the said Petitioners, or their Agents here, were, the Arch-\\nbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, Henley, the Arch-\\nbishop of York, Earl Granville, President of the Council, the\\nEarl of Egremont, one of the Secretaries of State, the Earl of\\nBute, the Earl of Halifax, the Bishops of London, of Durham,\\nof Winchester, and of St. David s, Lord Sandys, Sir Charles\\nHardy, Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Proprietors of Penn-\\nsylvania, Joseph Hudson and George Clark, Esquires, Doctor\\nSamuel Chandler, Doctor William Smith, Doctor James Jay,\\nDaniel Moore, Robert Charles, and Lynford Lardner, Esquires,\\nBarlow Trecothick and William Neate, Merchants, Thomas\\nStevenson and John Stevenson, Gentlemen.\\nEndorsed on the Brief was the clause in the Act of Par-\\nliament made in the 4th and 5th of Queen Anne, against farm-\\ning of Briefs, and reciting the Penalty N. B. The penalty on\\nMinisters, Church Wardens and others neglecting any Thing\\nrequired in this Act, is Twenty Po7aids.\\nBut before this point was reached, he found that King s\\nCollege was already in the field. His stay in New York early\\nin February and conferences with Dr. Johnson on his plans had\\nnow borne fruit in the latter proposing to his Governors to solicit\\nfunds in England in like manner, and as Dr. James Jay, was\\nabout proceeding to England on private business he was com-\\nmissioned to seek the contributions of those at Home for the\\nCollege. He had sailed from New York i June, 1762, bearing\\nletters to the Archbishop of Canterbury and To all Patrons of\\nLearning and Knowledge, and Friends of the British Empire in\\nAmerica, The Governors of the Province of New York in the\\nCity of New York in America, Greeting, bearing date 14 May,\\n1762, which were of the authorship of Dr. Johnson. His instruc-\\ntions were signed by J. T. Kempe, Henry Barclay, Samuel\\nAuchmuty, Samuel Johnson and James Duane.\\nAs it is impossible in a Transaction of this Nature to be very particular,\\nand as the Corporation place great confidence in the Doctor s Prudence,\\nwe submit the general Conduct of this Affair to him and we therefore\\nonly request he will correspond with the Committee as often as opportunity\\nwill admit and acquaint us with the Progress he has made and the further", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 391\\nProspect he has had of advancing the Design he has been so good as to\\nundertake, for the Interest of the College. A Brief would be\\nvery beneficial, but whether there is a prospect to obtain this will be the\\nbest judged of by their Lordships, [i, e. the Archbishop of Canterbury\\nand the First Lord of Trade, to whom he was to apply for Advice] as soon\\nas he conveniently can after his Arrival.\\nDr. Jay, a gentleman of this city, of a liberal education\\nand of Eminence in his Profession, was a native of West-\\nchester County, New York, the fourth son of Peter Jay\\nand an elder brother of Hon. John Jay. On arriving in\\nEngland he at once communicated with Dr. Smith, and\\ndoubtless suggested a joint concern in their matters. He\\nhad already taken steps to securing a Brief, and the authorities\\nentertaining this, the Archbishop of Canterbury advised Dr.\\nSmith to make a similar application, and recommended them\\nboth that a joint application on behalf of both Colleges should\\nbe made to the King.\\nDr. Smith appeared much disappointed at this turn of\\naffairs, and he wrote home on 10 July\\nJust now I am so disconcerted that, I know not what to do.\\nDr. Jay has just called on me, and told me that, some business of his own\\ncalling him to England, the people of the College at New York had applied\\nto and empowered him to solicit money for them Here was a strange\\nclashing of interests and applications, and the common friends of both\\nColleges were afraid that both schemes might be defeated by this method\\nof doing business, and that the public would be disgusted with such fre-\\nquent applications, and so close upon the heels of each other. A proposal\\nwas made to unite both designs, but I thought my own interest best, pro-\\nvided the good Archbishop shared his countenance equally, and we could\\nagree to keep at a good distance from each other nor could I well stomach\\nthe thought of being concerned with people who had followed so close\\nupon us as if on purpose to interfere with and prevent our success.\\nTo the Trustees he writes of the\\nGreat perplexity which the Headlong and ill-timed Application from the\\nCollege of New York gave to the Archbishop and other great Personages\\nwho were equally disposed to serve both Designs. After the\\nTransactions and clashing of Interests, whereof my former letters will fully\\nacquaint you, it was agreed, with the particular Advice of the Archbishop,\\nSmith i. 300.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "392 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nMr, Penn and Dr. Chandler, and also by his Majesty s express approba-\\ntion, and Lord Bute s desire, that the two Designs should be united.\\nAnd that his Majesty himself would so far show his Countenance to this\\nPlan, as to begin it with a Mark of his Bounty to both Institutions.\\nThat same concurrence of thought had existed between\\nDr. Smith and Dr. Johnson on this subject in their February\\nconferences, there can be little doubt. Dr. Johnson was unpre-\\npared to cross the ocean himself, and at that moment there was\\nno one to send. But after Dr. Smith s departure from New\\nYork, the knowledge of Dr. Jay s proposed visit to England\\nafforded Dr. Johnson the opportunity desired of a personal\\nsolicitation from friends in England. Dr. Jay says\\nWhile I was in New York, and intending to come to England on\\nsome business of my own, the Rev Dr Johnson proposed it to me to make\\na Collection in this Kingdom, for the Benefit of that Seminary which I\\nconsented to do. The Doctor called a meeting of the Governors of the\\nCollege and laid the matter before them and they appointed a Committee\\nto confer with me on the subject.\\nDr. Jay s immediate consultations with Dr. Smith on his\\nreaching England testify to his knowledge of Dr. Smith s\\nplans, and of his readiness to join the work of the two Colleges\\nin one comprehensive scheme. But by previous correspondence.\\nDr. Jay may have prepared the way in a measure for his work,\\nknowing that the Philadelphia ambassador had already been\\nthree months on the ground and while Dr. Smith had hesitated\\nabout resorting to a brief, hoping great things doubtless from\\nthe Penn influence. Jay had lost no time in complying\\nwith his special instructions and had applied for a Brief\\nimmediately on his arrival. Dr. Smith afterwards wrote of him\\nJay is an active and sensible young fellow.\\nIn the union of these two appeals, great gain was made\\nfor both, as the results proved and each College was materially\\nbettered by the joint mission, for time was saved by each, and\\nthe minister of each traveling in different ways could present to\\nHe was five years the junior of Smith. See Dr. Jay s Letter- to the Governor\\nof the College of Ne7v York respecting the Collection for the Colleges of Philadelphia\\nand New York, London, 1 771, by Sir James Jay, Knight, M. D. This pamphlet\\nexhibited the unhappy controversy he fell into with the College authorities on the\\nclosing of his collections.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 393\\nhis auditors and his friends two noble schemes of education\\nwhich the New England in distant Pennsylvania and New York\\nwere endeavoring to plant on sure foundations. The early\\ndisappointment of Dr. Smith was turned into a measure of\\nsuccess he had hardly hoped for. Eventually Dr. Smith\\nadmitted this in his letter of ii February, 1764, when he says\\ntaking the cause of New York along with ours, rather than\\nacting in opposition, by which each of us have got double of\\nwhat we could in that case have hoped for singly. Jay s appeal\\nhad shown a great strength, inasmuch as he represented a\\nKing s College, whose title alone appealed directly to\\nroyalty, and with success, and the royal bounty was testified to in\\nthe sum of \u00c2\u00a3400 to the College he represented, while the\\nPhiladelphia College was remembered to the extent of but \u00c2\u00a3200.\\nWhen the tidings of the Prince s birth reached New York, the\\nGovernors of the College prepared an address of loyal congrat-\\nulations to the King, which Dr. Jay presented in person on 23\\nApril, 1763, at which time he was knighted by the King.^\\nDr. Smith s description of the issue of the Brief is told to\\nthe Trustees in that loyal strain in which his enthusiasm showed\\nthe brightest, and concludes the letter already quoted.\\nThe glorious 12 August (the ist o. s.) remarkable heretofore for so\\nmany good things, viz the Battle of the Boyne and Minden, and the\\naccession of the present Royal Family became again remarkable for the\\nBirth of a young Prince, the accession of the Riches of the Hermione, a\\nlarger prize than Anson s, and if small things may be mentioned after these,\\nthe ordering and passing our Brief, which three things happened before\\n9 o clock on Thursday Morning. For the Prince [George IV.] was born\\nhalf an hour past seven the Treasure passed by the Palace a little after Eight,\\nand the Council that met before Nine to Register the Birth did our Busi-\\nness. The circumstances attending this were as honorable to us as any-\\nthing could be. For finding that we could get no Council to meet on our\\nAccount, and finding that the Chancellor and others thought not very\\nfavorably of the Design, as it might lead to too frequent Applications of\\nthe like Nature from the Colonies, we fixed before hand with the Archbishop\\n5 Sir James J ay died in New York, 12 October, 1815.\\n^Minutes of November 1762.\\nHere he wrote hastily, for the Battle of Boyne was on i July, i(\\nand that of Minden on i August, 1759, n. s.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "394 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthat the Council of State Officers that should immediately meet on the\\njoyous Occasion of the Queen s Delivery would not only be the most favour-\\nable Moment for us, but also the most honourable if any of such Business\\ncould be introduced. The good Archbishop engaged to try what could be\\ndone, and I got the Clerks of the Council to promise me early Notice to\\nattend with the Petition. The Event, however, happened sudden and easy\\nto the Queen, as every Briton had prayed it might and before I could hear\\nof it, and had huddled on my Gown to run to St. James with my Petition, the\\nCouncil was convened in the King s Closet. I meditated whether it was\\nproper to send in any Thing under cover to the Archbishop while in the\\nRoyal Presence, and as I was perplexing myself about this, the Council\\nrose. I immediately saw his Grace, who wished me double Joy, on the\\nBirth of a Prince and the Completion of our Business, of which he had not\\nbeen unmindful. For before he went into Council, he desired Lord Egre-\\nmont, who presides in Lord Granville s absence, to propose it. His Lord-\\nship doubted whether anything of Business had been ever introduced\\non such an occasion. Lord Bute, who was very willing to have our busi-\\nness through, observed that there was on the present occasion, one other\\nPiece of Business to be done, viz qualifying Lord Berkly as Constable of\\nthe Tower, and that ours might also be done. When the Council met.\\nLord Egremont did aci ordingly propose our affair (the Archbishop giving\\nthe Substance of the Petition, for I had got the original) and after some few\\nObjections and Answers to them, our good and gracious King himself signi-\\nfied his Royal Pleasure that if there was nothing contrary to Right in what we\\ndesired, it might be granted, and Lord Bute further informed that his\\nMajesty had so far approved the Thing already as to be a Contributor to it\\nupon which it was imanimously and without more Difficulty agreed to, the\\nChancellor and other State Officers being present and I have this Moment\\nreceived the Order of Council from Mr Sharpe who has been truly oblig-\\ning in the Affair and made a present of his Fees to the Design, though the\\nother Fees are still pretty high.\\nWould that the hfe of the young Prince who first saw hght this\\nday had been equally meritorious in its purposes and aims as\\nwere those of the Brief now granted at the Council called tO\\nregister his birth.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 395\\nLXV.\\nThat portion of the Instructions to Dr. Smith relating to Dr.\\nFranklin appears in effect to have failed in compliance with on his\\npart, if absence of such reference to it in his letters can be\\naccepted as evidence. The instruction to consult and advise\\nwith him could neither have been agreeable to Dr. Smith or\\nwelcome to the latter. Political controversies at home had\\nbeen so embittered as to diminish any cordiality which in their\\nfirst intercourse may have existed between them and Franklin\\ncould not have forgotten the injurious reference in the American\\nMagazine of October, 1758, to his reputed claims of certain\\ndiscoveries in Electricity made by its Editor at a time and in a\\npublication of general circulation when he was too faraway from\\nhome to promptly acknowledge its unkindness but it must have\\nafforded Franklin a grim satisfaction to learn that the number\\nwhich was so freighted with injustice was the last issue of a Maga-\\nzine which had been published and edited in interests which were\\nin no wise friendly to him. However, this maybe, we may well\\nsuppose their intercourse, for the brief period they were at the\\nsame time in London, was strained all we know is Dr. Smith s\\naccount of his earlier collections made before the issue of the\\nBrief he sent by the hands of Dr. Franklin to the Treasurer,^\\nand this implies some recognition of the instructions of the\\nTrustees but as Dr. Smith for personal and other reasons\\ngreatly counted upon the influence of the Penn family, he could\\nnot seek that of Franklin with any intent of abiding by it should\\nit run counter to the paths pointed out by the Proprietaries. It\\nhas been claimed that Dr. Franklin opposed Dr. Smith s efforts\\nby insinuating to his friends the narrowness of the institution\\nwhich was sought to be benefited, and in effect thwarted his\\nefforts in certain influential quarters.^ But the circumstances of\\nthe case do not sustain the charge in the absence of any direct\\nevidence to that effect. That Dr. Franklin felt less interest in\\n1 Letter to Dr. Peters, 24 April, 1763. This appears to be his only reference\\nto an intercourse with Dr. Franklin. Smith i. 317.\\nSmith i. 326. Dr. Stille s Memoir p. 30.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "396 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthe institution than formerly there can be but little doubt but\\nhis lukevvarmness now was rather to the representative than\\nthe constituent. Dr. Smith s plans for Collections were not put\\nat once into execution as he soon recognized, as we have seen,\\nthe value and importance of securing a Royal Brief, although he\\nhad obtained some of the first fruits of his visit his prime\\nefforts being reserved until armed with the plenitude of the\\nBrief. He did not receive a copy of the Fiat of the Brief until\\n18 August, which was formally issued on the 19th, while Dr.\\nFranklin was on board ship on 17 August in the Downs waiting\\na favorable wind to carry him home.^ The latter had no\\ninfluence at Court wherewith to impede Dr. Smith s steps, and\\nhe was on the sea when the Brief was issued. No intimation\\noccurs in his letters to the Trustees implying he had met with\\nany obstacles by Franklin, which had they existed would have\\nbeen eminently proper for him to inform them of, if only to\\nrelieve himself from the imputation of neglecting their special\\ninstructions in the premises indeed, it has been seen, that he\\nmade Dr. Franklin the bearer of his first statement of receipts\\nto the Trustees,* which he would have been relieved from had\\nany imputation arisen of Dr. Franklin s efforts to thwart his\\nplans. The only allusion to an opposition of Dr. Franklin\\nto his work occurs in a private letter of Dr. Smith, where he\\nrecites that\\nan eminent Dissenter called on me, and let me know that Dr Franklin took\\nuncommon pains to misrepresent our Academy, before he went away, to\\nsundry of their people, saying, that it was a narrow, bigoted institution, put\\ninto the hands of the Proprietary party as an engine ot government that\\nthe Dissenters had no influence in it (though, God knows, all the Professors\\nbut myself are of that persuasion) with many things grievously reflecting\\nupon the principal persons concerned in it that the country and Province\\nwould readily support it if were not for these things that we have no occa-\\nsion to beg and that my zeal proceeds from a fear of its sinking, and my\\nlosing my livelihood. The virulence of Dr Frankhn on this\\nBigelow iii. 210.\\nSmith i. 306, 319, ^300. of the cash I sent Mr. Coleman on account by Mr.\\nFranklin. I wonder you should desire to know what I collected before Dr. Jay\\ncame over. I sent an exact list of it to Mr. Coleman by Mr. Franklin, and he\\nreceived it. Letter 24 April, 1763.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 397\\nsubject betrayed itself, and disgusted the gentleman who had procured me\\nforty guineas to the design\\nIn referring in his diary to his collections at Oxford, he\\ncomplains that at St. John s and Baliol Dr Franklin s friends\\nwere very averse. But this lack of response doubtless was due\\nto the man rather than to the Provost, as they were those\\nfriends of Dr. Franklin who now recalled the efforts made by\\nDr. Smith to prevent Oxford bestowing on him its Doctorate.^\\nAssuming, as Dr. Smith s Biographer writes, the emi-\\nnent dissenter to have spoken the truth, and Dr. Smith to have\\ncorrectly reported him, the charge is a serious one, but needs\\nother support, in light of the surrounding circumstances.\\nAt the first business meeting of the Trustees held after Dr.\\nFranklin s return to Philadelphia in 1762, on 9 November, he\\nattended, and must have been an interested hearer of Dr. Smith s\\nletter describing the steps to and procurement of the Brief, which\\nis above largely drawn upon for our information. At the meeting\\nof 8 February following he attended and presented the two\\nGold Medals the Gift of Mr Sargent of London, and submitted\\nMr. Sargent s letter written him on the subject a few days before\\nhe sailed from London, which would have been done before but\\nfor the desire of the donor that Dr. Franklin and Mr. Norris\\nshould elect the subject for the prizes and designate their\\nrecipients, which upon conference together they declined to do.\\nIt may be safely assumed, that it was Dr. Franklin s interest in\\nthe College that attracted to it these prizes of a Member of\\nParliament, who personally was a stranger to the institution or\\nSmith i. 336. 6 Ibid i. 335.\\nProvost Stille refers to an imprudent letter which Dr. Smith had written to\\nthe authorities of the University of Oxford protesting against a proposal to confer the\\nDegree of Doctor of Laws on Franklin. Memoir p. 29. His Biographer makes\\nreference to this We are not enabled by an exhibition of Dr. Smith s objections,\\nas assigned, to judge whether his action was blameworthy, excusable, or to be justi-\\nfied and commended. Smith, i. 340. On Dr. Smith s arrival in England he may\\nearly have learned of the action of the Heads of Houses at Oxford taken on 22 Feb-\\nruary, a few weeks before Agreed, nem con., that Mr. Franklin, whenever he shall\\nplease to visit the University, shall be offered the compliment of the degree of D. C.\\nL., honoris causa^ and may then have pursued steps to prevent this consummation.\\nThe decree however was made on 30 April. In this controversy may be found the\\nreason why Dr. Smith avoided communications with Franklin, though under instruc-\\ntions to seek him. Sparks i. 267.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "398 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nany of its managers except Dr. Franklin. The latter s paternity,\\nas it were, of these valuable prizes, the first offered to the students,\\nmay in part account for the tardiness in offering them to the\\nstudents, as Dr. Alison and Dr. Ewing, to whom the design was\\ncommitted at this February meeting, reported at the March\\nmeeting the present want of ability of the students to compete\\nfor them, and it was, as we have before seen, nearly two years\\nafter Dr. Smith s return to his post that finally steps were taken\\nto secure competition for them. On 24 March, 1763, Dr.\\nFranklin, with his fellow Trustees, Hamilton his honor the\\nGovernor, Duche, Phineas Bond, Chew, Strettell, Peters,\\nWhite, Thomas Bond, William Shippen, Coxe, and Redman\\nattended the publick Examination of the Students held in the\\npublic Hall before a large audience of People, and the\\nStudents acquitted themselves to the satisfaction of the\\nTrustees.\\nIn the middle of April Franklin set out for Virginia on post-\\noffice duties,^ but returned in time to attend, as we have also seen,\\nthe Commencement exercises of 17 May following, the Trustees,\\nProfessors, Candidates for Degrees and Scholars walking in Pro-\\ncession to the Publick Hall, and as soon as seated a Mandate\\nunder the lesser seal authorizing the Faculty to hold a Com-\\nmencement and confer the Degrees agreed to at the last meet-\\ning was delivered to the Vice Provost it being by a singular\\ncoincidence the only Commencement he could attend. And he\\nattended the meeting of 27 May, and gave his approval to the\\ndraughts of the Addresses to his Majesty and Lord Bute,\\nprepared by a committee consisting of Dr. Peters, Mr. Stedman\\nand Mr. Duche, conveying the thanks of the Trustees for their\\nroyal and noble aid and countenance and also Dr. Peters\\ndraught of his reply to Dr. Smith s letters of 8 January,\\n12 February, and i March. We find him early in June\\nstarting on a tour to the Eastern States, again on postoffice\\nclaims, his daughter accompanying him, from which he did not\\n8 I am going in a few days to Virginia, but expect to be back in three or four\\nweeks. Letter to Jonathan Williams, 13 April, 1763, Bigelow iii, 237.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 399\\nreturn home until 5 November.^ These instances of Dr.\\nFranklin s continued personal concern in the College warrant\\nthe belief that far from doing aught either at home or abroad to\\nretard its prosperity, he was on the contrary prepared to serve\\nit with his counsel and his influence, although doubtless with-\\nholding his confidence in a great measure from the Provost,\\nwhose political affiliations had placed him in such opposing\\ninfluences, which in his opinion were detrimental to the best\\ninterests of the College. It may be that Dr. Smith refrained\\nfrom incorporating in his letters to the Trustees any mention of\\nhis apprehensions of Dr. FrankHn s unfriendliness, from the fact\\nthat the latter was now at home and in occasional attendance\\non the meetings of the Trustees. Had such suspicion on Dr.\\nSmith s part reached Dr. Franklin s notice, some denial would\\nhave reached us to-day; there is certainly nothing on record\\nleading us to suppose that his fellow Trustees ever doubted Dr.\\nFranklin s fidelity to his Trust, however much Dr. Peters, Gov-\\nernor Hamilton and others of them might be less intimate with\\nhim than formerly, owing to the widening and separating influ-\\nences of provincial politics. But rumors soon reached Dr.\\nFranklin s ears that Dr. Smith was at this time saying unkind\\nthings of him in England. His friend Miss Mary Stevenson\\nwrote from London on 11 November, 1762, within two days of\\nthe date he had attended the first meeting of the Trustees after\\nhis return, one of her letters in which she must have narrated to\\nhim some unfriendly conduct of Dr. Smith. He acknowl-\\nedges this letter on 25 March, 1763, the day subsequent to his\\nattendance upon the public examination of the students already\\nnoticed, and one paragraph refers to this unwelcome topic.\\nI do not wonder at the behaviour you mention of Dr Smith towards\\nme, for I have long since known him thoroughly. I made that man my\\nBigelow iii. 244. Rewrites on 15 April, 1764,10 Mrs. Catharine Greene,\\nPublic business and our public confusions have so taken up my attention that I sus-\\npect I did not answer [her letter of 24 December] wlren I received it. Ibid iii. 247.\\n1 Doubtless the attempt in the preceding Spring of Dr. Smith to prevent the\\nOxford degree.\\n^1 Bigelow iii, 232.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "400 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nenemy by doing him too much kindness. It is the honestest way of acquir-\\ning an enemy. And, since it is convenient to have at least one enemy, who,\\nby his readiness to revile one on all occasions, may make one careful of one s\\nconduct, I shall keep him an enemy for that purpose and shall observe\\nyour good mother s advice, never to receive him again as a friend. She\\nonce admired the benevolent spirit breathed in his sermons. She will now\\nsee the justness of the lines your laureate Whitehead addresses to his\\npoets, and M hich I now address to her\\nFull many 2i peevish, enviotis, slandering Elf\\nIs, in his works, benevolence itself,\\nFor all mankind, unknown, his bosom heaves\\nHe only injures those with whom he lives.\\nRead then the Man does truth his actions guide,\\nExempt from pettilatice, exempt from pride\\nTo social duties does his Heart attend,\\nAs son, as father, husband, brother, yr/V/zfl^ f\\nDo those who Know him love him if they do.\\nYou ve my permission, you may love him too.^^\\nIt was doubtless at this time that Dr. FrankHn also wrote\\nthese lines in his copy of Dr. Smith s Discourses printed in 1759,\\non the fly-leaf opposite the title page where an asterisk at the name\\nof the Author calls attention to them it was also doubtless in\\nthe sermons printed in this volume that good Mrs. Stevenson\\nadmired the benevolent spirit breathed in them. Dr. Franklin s\\nhandwriting cannot be questioned, and appearing without naming\\ntheir source, many have given him the credit of their authorship,\\nwhich, however, his letter to Miss Stevenson sets at rest.\\nOne cannot part with this unfortunate difference between\\nthe Founder and the Provost (and here we can let it rest) with-\\nout now reciting the charge made by Dr. Smith affecting the\\nPoet Laureate in 1757, succeeding Colley Cibber.\\nThese lines occur in William Whitehead s A Charge to the Poets, first printed\\nin 1762, and found in the edition of his Plays and Poems. The italics here followed\\nare Dr. Franklin s in his copy of the lines, in his letter to Miss Stevenson, in the\\npossession of the descendants of Mrs. Hewson, and from which this present copy of\\nhis letter is rendered. These are quoted in Smith l, 341, but from the context\\nthe authorship of the epigram might be attributed to Franklin himself. Their repro-\\nduction here seems necessary after the prominence given them by Dr. Smith s Biogra-\\npher, otherwise they might not have merited a place in a history of the Institution\\nwith which both were so intimately acquainted. See this letter in BigeloW, iii, 235,\\nwherein, however, only the initial letter of Smith s name is given.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 401\\nintegrity of Dr. Franklin s electrical experiments, and which\\nmust have been accepted by the latter, when it came to his\\nknowledge, as an unfriendly act, for it was recorded during his\\nfirst absence abroad. In the American Magazine, already\\nquoted from as under Dr. Smith s editorship, the latter in his\\nAccount of the College and Academy in its last number\\nincludes the names of the Professors and gives some statement\\nof their respective abilities and reputation and in speaking of\\nMr. Kinnersley he uses this language\\nHe is well qualified for his position and has moreover great merit\\nwith the learned world in being the chief inventor (as already mentioned)\\nof the Electric apparatus, as well as author of a considerable part of those\\ndiscoveries in Electricity published by Mr Franklin to whom he commu-\\nnicated them. Indeed Mr Franklin himself mentions his name with\\nhonor, tho he has not been careful enough to distinguish between their\\nparticular discoveries. This, perhaps, he may have thought needless, as\\nthey were known to act in concert. But tho that circumstance was known\\nhere, it was not so in the remote parts of the world to which the fame of\\nthese discoveries have extended.\\nAllusion has before this been made in these pages to\\ncharges of Franklin s plagiarism in electrical experiments, that\\nsome of his opponents maintained, which however were not sup-\\nported by any statements of Kinnersley himself; but this is no\\nplace to discuss their merits and the fact remains that when\\npreferred in this public manner, and in Franklin s absence\\nabroad by a well-known writer and one who had been intimately\\nassociated with him in the management of the College, they\\ncould not but be accepted by their object other than as an act\\nof extreme unkindness and unfriendline.ss, and memory would\\nretain their sting for a long time. Franklin could not but recall\\nthose earlier years of constant communion with him in the con-\\ncerns of the young Academy, and of his own particular efforts\\nto secure the young Scotch tutor to its aid at the outset. But\\nDr. Smith s, our dear Franklin^^ of 1754, was no more, and\\nFranklin had now recorded in his quotation above given the\\nwithdrawal of his friendship and confidence from Dr. Smith.\\n1* Smith, i. 51.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "402 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nHowever, the lives of both were spared long enough for\\nthem to overcome this unhappy estrangement, and the survivor\\ndid large justice to his early and older friend, his earliest\\nfriend in Pennsylvania, in his Eulogy on Franklin in 1791.\\nFrom West to East, by land and on the wide ocean, to the utmost\\nextent of the civilized globe, the tale hath been told that the venerable\\nsage of Pennsylvania, the patriot and patriarch of America is no more.\\nYes, thou dear departed friend and fellow citizen Thou,\\ntoo, art gone before us thy chair, thy celestial car, was first ready. We\\nmust soon follow, and we know where to find thee. May we seek to follow\\nthee by lives of virtue and benevolence like thine then shall we surely\\nfind thee, and part with thee no more forever.\\nLXVI.\\nReturning to the more agreeable topic of Dr. Smith s\\njourneyings and collections in England, we find in the Minute\\nof the King s Council of 12 August directing the issue of the\\nBrief, the following recital\\nWhereas there was this day read to his Majesty at this Board the\\nJoint Petition of William Smith, Doctor in Divinity, Agent for the Trustees\\nof the College, Academy and Charitable School of Philadelphia, in the\\nProvince of Pennsylvania, and Provost of that Seminary; and of James\\nJay, Doctor in Physic, Agent for the Governors of the College of the\\nProvince of New York, in the City of New York in America, Setting forth.\\nThat the great growth of these Provinces and the continued accession of\\nPeople to them from the different parts of the World, being some years ago\\nobserved by sundry of his Majesty s good subjects there, they became\\nseriously impressed with a view of the inconvenience like to arise among\\nso mixt a multitude, if left destitute of the necessary means of instruction,\\ndiffering in Language and Manners, unenlightened by Religion, uncemented\\nby a common Education, Strangers to the human Arts, and to the just use\\nof Rational Liberty. [And reciting the fears caused by the] amazing pains\\nwhich Popish Emissaries were every day perceived to take for the propa-\\ngation of their peculiar Tenets, and the many Establishments which they\\n15 Smith, ii. 345 ibid, ii. 330, 343.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 403\\nwere making for this Purpose in all the parts of America belonging to\\nthem; that from a deep sense of these growing Evils the\\ntwo Seminaries aforesaid, distant about 100 miles from each other, were\\nbegun in two of the most important and populous trading Cities in his\\nMajesty s American Dominion, nearly at the same time and with the same\\nview not so much to aim at any high Improvements in Knowledge, as to\\nguard against total Ignorance; to instill into the Minds of Youth just prin-\\nciples of Religion, Loyalty and Love of our excellent Constitution, to\\ninstruct them in such branches of Knowledge and useful Arts as are neces-\\nsary to Trade, Agriculture, and a due improvement of his Majesty s valu-\\nable Colonies; and to assist in raising up a succession of faithful Instruc-\\ntors and Teachers to be sent forth not only among his Majesty s subjects\\nthere but also among his Indian allies, in order to instruct both in the way\\nof Truth, to save them from the Corruptions of the Enemy, and help to\\nremove the Reproach of suffering the Emissaries of a false Religion to be\\nmore zealous in propagating their Slavish and Destructive Tenets in that\\npart of the world than Britons and Protestants are in promoting the pure\\nform of Godliness, and the glorious plan of public Liberty and Happiness\\ncommitted to them. But as Designs of so extensive a nature\\nhave seldom oeen completed (even in the most wealthy Kingdoms) unless\\nby the united generosity of many private Benefactors and often by the par-\\nticular Bounty of Sovereign Princes, the Petitioners are persuaded it will\\nnot be thought strange that all the Resources in the power of individuals in\\nyoung Colonies should be found inadequate to such a work, and that the\\nGovernor and Trustees of the said Seminaries should have the just appre-\\nhension of seeing all that they have raised for their support speedily\\nexhausted and an end put to their usefulness, unless they can procure assist-\\nance from distant places, as the expense of each of them is four hundred\\npounds sterling yearly above their Income, the defraying of which would\\nrequire an additional Capital of about Six Thousand Pounds sterling a\\nPiece. That the Petitioners being accordingly appointed to\\nsollicit and receive such assistance, and being sensible that the highest satis-\\nfaction which his Majesty s known piety and humanity can derive from the\\nProsperity and Extension of his Dominions will be to see these advantages\\nimproved for enlarging the sphere of Protestantism, increasing the number\\nof good Men, and bringing barbarous Nations within the Pale of Religion\\nand Civil life, they are, therefore encouraged humbly to pray. That his\\nMajesty will be pleased to direct that a Royal Brief may be passed under\\nthe Great Seal of Great Britain, authorizing them to make a Collection\\nthroughout the Kingdom from house to house, for the joint and equal ben-\\nefit of the two Seminaries, and Bodies corporate aforesaid.\\nAnd the Brief was, with only the delay of official formalities,\\nissued on 19 August.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "404 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe recounting to the Trustees of these important prehmi-\\nnary steps made them ready to respond to Dr. Smith s sugges-\\ntions that suitable acknowledgments be made to the Archbishop\\nof Canterbury, Thomas Penn, and Rev, Dr. Chandler, for their\\nzealous aid and influence on behalf of his plans. At the meeting\\nof 14 December, Messrs. Peters, Stedman, Chew, Edward Shippen\\nand Duche, were appointed a committee to prepare suitable\\naddresses, and at the meeting of 11 January the President on\\nbehalf of the Committee brought in the Draughts of the Addresses\\nand Letters which they were desired to prepare, and the same\\nbeing read were settled. To the Archbishop they said\\nIt gave us singular Pleasure and Satisfaction to hear of the extraordi-\\nnary Countenance and Encouragement which our worthy Provost met with\\nfrom your Grace, that you not only contributed generously yourself, but that\\nit is owing principally to your good offices that our pious Design hath\\nattracted the regard of the best of Kings, who hath been graciously pleased\\nto make the Charity more universal by granting to us his Royal Brief.\\nWe are willing to flatter ourselves, that our Infant Institution will be the\\nMeans, under a wise and good Providence, of spreading the glorious light\\nof Gospel Truth over a considerable part of this untutored Continent. These\\nwere our sincere and Christian motives at the first erection of this Seminary,\\nand by these we are still most zealously actuated in our Endeavors to sup-\\nport and establish it Encouraged by your Grace s kind and condescending\\nRegard, and ambitious of being patronized by a Prelate of such distin-\\nguished Piety, Learning and Knowledge, we will pursue with Industry\\nunwearied these benevolent Purposes.\\nTo the Rev. Samuel Chandler, D. D., the eminent non-\\nconformist Divine, whose friendship with Dr. Smith had begun\\nin his correspondence as Secretary of the Society founded in\\nLondon in 1754 for the Education of Germans in Pennsylvania\\nwith him, they\\nmanifest their Gratitude for your kind Zeal and Influence in obtaining a\\nRoyal Brief to render the Charity universal [and proceeding in a more catho-\\nlic vein than to the Archbishop this Institution was founded upon the\\nmost generous and charitable principles. Our views were confined to no\\nparticular Party, Sect or Denomination. The advancement of Learning, a\\nsincere and christian regard for the Souls of our Countrymen together with\\nan inviolable attachment to that Religion and Liberty which we enjoy under\\nthe best of Governments were the Sole Motives by which we were influ-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 405\\nenced in the Foundation of this Seminary. Slavery and irreligion\\nwere too frequently the offspring of Ignorance, and that the best and surest\\npreservative from both was the good and careful Education of our Youth.\\nThis was the Plan upon which we set out at first, and we trust that we have\\never since invariably adhered to it. [To Thomas Penn, they wrote grace-\\nfully accepting his decision in regard to the Perkasie lands and conclude\\nDr Smith in all his Letters mentions the ready Assistance which you have\\nbeen pleased from time to time most cheerfully to afford him. We have\\nindeed experienced repeated Instances of your paternal regard for our Semi-\\nnary, from its very Foundation. But your kind Patronage and Countenance\\nof our present pious Design, your late exemplary Contributions, your warm\\nand affectionate Recommendations of it to persons of the highest Rank and\\nFortune in the Kingdom by which you have prepared the way for the Suc-\\ncess with which it has been and is like to be attended, together with the\\nZeal and Influence which you have exerted in obtaining a Royal Brief in\\norder to render the Charity universal, call for the highest returns of Grati-\\ntude that we can possibly make.\\nBut meanwhile the Provost was busy in preparations for his\\njourneyings in England, heralded by the Brief. This was sent by\\nthe instrumentality of what were known as Brief Layers, men\\nwho were appointed attorneys for the purpose by Dr. Smith and\\nDr. Jay to send a duly stamped copy of the Brief to each clergy-\\nman in the Kingdom, and as there were eleven thousand five\\nhundred of these in the Kingdom, even to furnish a majority of\\nthese with a certified copy of the Brief was a labor to the Brief\\nLayers and so much revenue to the government.^ John Byrd,\\nJohn Hall and John Stevenson, in the Borough of Strafford, Gen-\\ntlemen, were on 24 August appointed the Brief Layers, who from\\nthe money thereon collected, were to\\ndeduct out of the same the sum of Six Pence a Parish Chapel or meeting\\nfor every Brief duly certified and endorsed which shall by them be col-\\nlected and received back from all Places (except within the city of London\\nand weekly Bills of mortality and therein the sum of twelve Pence,) as the\\nfull salary and charge for Laying down, collecting and receiving back the\\nsaid Briefs.\\nOn 26 August Dr. Smith wrote to the Archbishop of York, ask-\\ning his aid in the Northern Province\\nthese things are most honestly and dutifully submitted to your Grace,\\n1 Smith, i. 306.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "4o6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwhich I have taken the Liberty to do, after having just come from the Arch-\\nbishop of Canterbury, who was pleased to say he would write to your Grace\\non this subject, and that there might be no Impropriety in my sending a\\nfew Lines at the same time.\\nOn 9 September, Dr. Smith and Dr. Jay issued a letter To all\\nworthy and Reverend the Clergy and Ministers of the Gospel\\ninto whose hands his Majesty s Royal Brief, for the Colleges of\\nPhiladelphia and New York may come, affording them\\nsuch further account of the Design and Usefulness of these Seminaries, as\\nmight enable them, upon due information, to give the People under their\\nMinistry that Encouragement which we are persuaded your Christian Zeal\\nwill induce you to bestow upon every Scheme for the advancement of\\nReligion and useful Knowledge. You, Gentlemen, who are\\nthe Ministers of God s Word, and always foremost in every Design for the\\nInstruction of Mankind, we can well depend that this so laudable an under-\\ntaking will meet with your particular Countenance and assistance. The\\nkind Providence of God seems to have great things in view, by calling\\nthe British Nation to the Possession of the most important part of America;\\nand the greatest of all the Glories that can accrue to this Kingdom from a\\nDominion so widely extended, will be to make use of the opportunities\\nthereby given her for the advancement of divine Knowledge, and to be\\nfound a chosen instrument in these latter Days for calling New and here-\\ntofore unexplored Countries, to the enjoyment of everything that can exalt\\nHumanity at a time when so many of the old have fallen again into their\\noriginal Barbarity. What we would in a more especial manner\\npray of you is, that, together with your good offices to make our Brief as\\neffectual as possible, in regard to the pious purposes for which it is granted,\\nyou would likewise give it all the despatch your convenience will admit of.\\nAnd we hope our particular circumstances will be our plea for this humble\\nrequest, being at three thousand miles distance from the places of our\\nabode, and obliged at great expense to our Constituents, to wait the issue\\nof this business.\\nThis letter, the authorship of Dr. Smith, is lengthy, but per-\\nspicuous. It recites the present work of the Colleges near\\nfour hundred Youths are continually educated in them; of whom\\nabout sixty are intended for the learned Professions, and, here\\nis a reference to the prevailing motive of all like seminaries at\\nthe time particularly to furnish a Supply of Ministers and\\nTeachers for the Different Societies of Christians in these parts.\\nAnd,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 407\\nmany excellent Youths, who would otherwise have been destitute of all\\nopportunities of a sufficient Instruction, are continually rendered useful in\\nboth Provinces and, among those of more enlarged Circumstances, a far\\ngreater number than ever was known at any former period, for acquiring the\\nfirst Rudiments of learning there have been induced and enabled to finish\\ntheir Education in this Kingdom at the Universities and Inns of Court.\\nUpon the outer leaf of the copy of this letter which he sent\\nDr. Peters, he wrote these words This Paper (which you have\\nhad a copy sent you before) has been worth a Thousand Pound or\\nTwo, to our Collection. Nothing was ever better received among\\nall Ranks of the clergy. They also united in a letter of the\\nsame date, To all Friends of Religion and Patrons of Useful\\nKnowledge, which was with some requisite modifications the\\nsame Humble Representation that Dr. Smith had put forth\\nshortly after his arrival and before his concern in a Brief was con-\\ntemplated. The tempting suggestion was made that if their\\nfriends now gave to the two institutions, they would not be\\ntroubled with further solicitation.\\nThe Subscribers were appointed to Solicit and receive the Benefac-\\ntions of pious and well disposed Persons in Great Britain and Ireland for\\nthe Use of these Seminaries and have joined both Applications in One,\\nin order that, from the Importance of the Objects Such persons may be\\ninduced to contribute more liberally, without Fear of future Solicitations\\nfor any Thing of the like Kind from that Part of the World.\\nThus armed and advertised the joint Commissioners set off\\nfrom London on 29 September, 1762, Dr. Smith hastening\\nNorthward, as far as to Scotland his native land, and Dr. Jay\\ngoing to the West and South. The Provost writing to the\\nTrustees on 3 January, 1763\\nOn that day, which was as soon as we could get all the 1 1, 500 Briefs\\nsigned and stamped, I set out for Edinburgh and from thence went one\\nhundred miles farther North to see my aged and good Father. As my\\nbusiness urged, I was obliged to do so much violence to myself as to stay\\nonly a few Days with him. This act of Duty I hope the Trustees will no^\\nThe printed endorsement includes N. B. The Church Wardens are\\nrequested to deliver this Representation (together with the Brief) to the Clergy as\\nsoon as it comes to their Hand and it is hoped they will do everything else in their\\nPower to forward this pious design.\\nMinutes, 12 April, 1763.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "4o8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthink was throwing away their time. If they should, it is the only fort-\\nnight, or indeed the only moment, I have lost to them. But it cannot well\\nbe called loss. One gentleman in that neighborhood. Sir Archibald Grant,\\ngave ten pounds sterling to the Design, and will collect somewhat more for\\nus. The University of Aberdeen also propose doing something. When\\nat Edinburg I waited on Dr Robertson,* Dr Wishart,^ Dr Cuming,* Dr\\nJordain and others. They are well disposed to serve us, but think their\\nJoint interest, though at the Head of Church of Scotland, will not be able\\nnext Assembly at least to procure us a National Collection.\\nHowever, the Gentlemen are to write to me on this Head, and readily\\nagreed to countenance a private Collection, which may produce almost as\\nmuch as the public one. Provost Drummond, who is the most popular\\nMagistrate they have ever had, will give his Countenance to the same.\\nDr Alison will not lose a moment in procuring Letters for the\\nScots Clergy whether we apply publicly or privately, and let them be here\\nin April with your Instructions. At Glasgow I found the. same\\nEncouragement as at Edinburgh among the clergy, who professed them-\\nselves pleased with the Catholic plan of having Professors of different\\nPersuasions and told me that the Party in the Church of Scotland to whom\\nthat would be an objection were not many. But I could not stay to\\nmake any particular Collection either here or at Edinburg only prepared\\nmatters. My being detained so long at London before I could set out for\\nthe North and being obliged to be at Oxford in November hampered me\\nmuch in time. On my return, I visited all the principal clergy\\nin the Towns on or near the Great Road, and wrote Letters to others. In\\nplaces where it was thought my presence would assist the Collections, we\\nagreed to delay it till March, when I promised to go down again, especially\\nto Yorkshire. Thus in about six weeks from my setting out I\\ngot back to London to meet Dr Jay, who had taken a like Tour Southward\\non the same Plan. After two or three days stay in London, we set\\nout again for Oxford, thinking it a compliment due to them to be both\\nthere. From Oxford we went to Gloucester, and to the Manufacturing\\nTowns in that County, Dr Jay taking part of them and myself the other\\nPart, so as to meet at Bath, which we did a day before Christmas, and then\\nproceeded to London where the Briefs are now to be read in those full\\nmonths January and February. Bristol we have delayed to the end of\\nFebruary and Bath afterwards. Dr Jay will go thither, while I go to the\\nNorth in March. We now find before us near forty Letters\\nunanswered, and a continual attendance on the clergy of London neces-\\nThe Historian, who in this year was elected Principal of the University of\\nEdinburgh.\\nRev. George Wishart.\\n8 Rev. Patrick Cuming.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 409\\nsary every one of whom, being near two hundred we must see within this\\nfortnight, and before they can read the Brief, which we are to give them\\nwith our own hand. Many principal People are also to be waited on before\\nthe Brief is read in their particular Parish because we hope they will give\\nmore to one of ourselves than to a Brief, which some Persons have\\nresolved never to contribute to on account of Abuses which they conceive\\nare committed by the Brief Layers. From the above account\\nyou will see that neither our plan, nor our time would permit us to collect\\nmuch Money, yet we have not been unsuccessful even in this respect.\\nAnd the Provost submits an account showing that Dr. Jay\\nhad collected from their parting to their meeting again on 20\\nNovember, ^^121.12.6; Dr. Smith, in the same period had\\ncollected ;^i 87.6.0. At the University of Oxford they had\\njointly collected ;^i6i.i8.o, and in the same manner at Glou-\\ncester, ;^35.io.o. Dr. Smith collected among the clothiers at\\nStroud, where he preached and had the Brief read ;^49.ii.6,\\nand at Uley, Dursley, and Weston Underedge, other cloathing\\ntowns, independent of the Brief ^65.6.6. And Dr. Jay at\\nHamton, Tetbury and Painswick, collected ^33.4.6.\\nThe Brief was read at St. Paul s Cathedral on Sunday, 6\\nMarch, 1763, and a sermon preached by Dr. John Brown, Vicar\\nof St. Nicholas New Castle, on Religious Liberty, whose\\ngreatest and most extensive effect, joined with true Christian Zeal, would\\nbe a free and powerful Communication of the Glad Tidings of the Gospel\\nto those many and distant Nations who as yet sit in Darkness and the\\nShadow of Death a duty which I should at all times be glad to Recom-\\nmend, but particularly when we are entering on a Peace, which throws into\\nour Hands immense savage Nations, as the greatest object of civilization\\nand more especially at a Time when a laudable Brief is on Foot (and on\\nthis day read in many of the Churches of this great city) which calls on\\nevery Christian to contribute his share to the success of this important\\nwork.\\nA copy of this Sermon, published at the Request of the Managers of the\\nCharity, is with the Pennsylvania Historical Society. Dr. Brown was a well-\\nknown writer of his day; his Essays on Shaftesbury s Characteristics, London,\\n1 75 1, which were suggested to him by Warburton, and to Warburton by Pope,\\nreached a fifth edition in 1764. The work which earned him the greatest reputa-\\ntion was An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times, London,\\n1757, and which reached seven editions in a little more than a twelvemonth.\\nAllibone.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "4IO History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nIn the letter of the Trustees to Dr. Smith of 27 May,\\n1763, they think themselves particularly obliged to Dr. Brown\\nfor his most excellent Sermon.\\nDr. Smith was favored with the company of one of his\\nfirst graduates, Dr. Morgan, and one of the Trustees, Mr. Inglis.\\nIn his letter already quoted from, he says Dr. Morgan is now\\ncollecting somewhat occasionally for us and Mr. Inglis will join\\nhim. In their letter of 27 May, 1763, the Trustees say to\\nhim\\nMr Inglis and Dr Morgan will be able to advise you whether it is\\nbest to proceed now to ask private charities, or to stay as you think it\\nwould be better, till some time hence. Whatever you do, Mr Elliot can\\nbe of great assistance, and will we doubt not cheerfully give it, and furnish\\nall necessary Letters and Recommendations from his Relatives who are\\nnumerous and have great Interest.\\nA subsequent letter from the Provost asked the attention\\nof the Trustees to the importance of offering their thanks to\\nKing George and to Lord Bute for their countenance and\\nassistance. King s College had early in the matter made its\\nloyal Address to the King, and later its loyal congratulations\\non the birth of the Prince, and Dr. Smith knowing the salutary\\neffect of such procedure, took his Trustees to task for their\\nthoughtlessness on this head doubtless he took it amiss on his\\nown part that provision had not already been made for this.\\nThe Knighting of Dr. Jay at this time because he was the\\nbearer of the Address of King s College, was an acute reminder\\nto him of the seeming neglect of the Trustees. I know not\\nhow it is, he writes them,^\\nthat our College, as a body, is so diffident and apt on the first motion to\\nbeat down any proposal that has anything great in it. It was thought\\nonce that we were too little an object for national notice here. Time and\\na fair trial have taught us better on this head. Had I at first desired an\\nAddress from the Trustees to the King, I think it would not have been\\ngranted. Yet a College of less note set out with such an Address. Public\\nbodies should have no shame of this sort I speak not this to blame\\nwhat is past, but rather to persuade you to lift up your heads and rather\\nfail in great attempts than be found too diffident.\\nSmith, i. 320.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 411\\nThis letter with others was read to them on 10 May, 1763,\\nbut a copy does not appear in the minutes, and a special Meet-\\ning was held on 2^ May to consider the addresses framed on his\\nsuggestions. The warmth of loyalty expressed in the one to\\nthe King may have compensated for their tardiness.\\nAmid the joyous Acclamations of a grateful People, exulting in a\\nHappiness derived from your Majesty s wise, just and gentle Administra-\\ntion, we, your Majesty s most dutiful and loyal Subjects beg leave to lay\\nour sincere and humble acknowledgments at Your Majesty s Feet and to\\nexpress the deep sense we entertain of your Royal Condescending Regard\\nto the Institution under our Government and Direction. Situ-\\nated as we are in the centre of a Territory, which has long been the Theatre\\nof Desolation and Bloodshed, we cannot but feel a large share of that\\ngeneral joy which is now diffused through your Majesty s American\\nDominions, upon the conclusion of a Peace so honourable to our Nation,\\nso peculiarly beneficial to us. By this illustrious Event, we are prompted\\nnot only to look with Astonishment upon your Majesty, as a Conqueror\\ntriumphing over your Enemies, and giving Strength and Increase to your\\nSubjects and Dominions, but to revere you as a blessed instrument, in the\\nhands of Providence, of planting at once the Christian and the British\\nBanners, the Banners of Liberty and true Religion in these remotest\\ncorners of the Western World. To conquer and to civilise has\\nhitherto been deemed the highest Effort of human Heroism. But to com-\\npleat the Glory of your Majesty s Reign, Heaven seems to have reserved\\nit for your Majesty not to conquer and civilize only, but, by spreading\\nthroughout your wide extended conquests the Knowledge of Christ s\\nKingdom, even to bless Millions of Mankind with the comforts of true\\nReligion, and the Gospel means of Salvation.\\nCould the phraseology of the concluding paragraph have\\nbeen one of the counts of the Indictment of 1779?\\nIt shall be our earnest Endeavor, as far as our Influence extends,\\ncarefully to provide that the Principles of true Religion, good govern-\\nment, and useful learning, together with a love and Veneration for the\\nBritish Constitution, and an unshaken Loyalty and Affection to your\\nMajesty s Person and your illustrious House, be constantly inculcated in\\nthe Minds of the Youth placed under our Instruction.\\nTo Lord Bute, they beg leave to return your Lordship\\nour most sincere Thanks and Acknowledgments for the Chear-\\nfulness and Condescension with which you have been pleased", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "412 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nto promote the Interest of the Seminary under our Inspection\\nand Government.\\nDr. Smith, on 5 August, was taken by Mr. Penn to an\\naudience with the King in order to present this Address. Mr.\\nIngHs, as a Trustee, and Mr. Powel, an alumnus, accompanied\\nthem. The King was gracious and asked several questions\\nabout the College. In one of his letters he says\\nHe almost got Mr Powel knighted, but thought it would be idle, and\\nbe considered as a design to separate him from his old friends, the\\nQuakers at home a thought which he would scorn in regard to any of his\\nPupils. He did not know whether it would be agreeable to Mr. Powel,\\nand therefore gave it to be understood that he desired no honours, but\\nonly to testify gratitude.\\nAs Dr. Jay had been Knighted in the previous April on\\npresenting the Address of King s College, it was reasonable for\\nDr. Smith to hope the like honor for his lay companion at this\\nscene.\\nIn later letters Dr. Smith continues his narrative. On 24\\nApril, 1763, he acknowledges from London the receipt of the\\nAddresses of the Trustees to the Archbishop, Mr. Penn, and\\nDr. Chandler, which were delivered and kindly received,\\nand he proceeds\\nI shall leave this place by the 12th of May at farthest having kept\\nback the Collection at York, Liverpool, and some other considerable towns.\\nFrom thence I shall cross over to Ireland and try to get away for America\\nby 1st September, for I will by no means take a winter passage. The\\nTrustees may depend that I shall leave nothing undone that requires\\nmy presence and shall rather stay another winter, how irk-\\nsome and inconvenient soever than desert the good cause which I\\nhave carried on so far with success. At present our Col-\\nlection goes on well in the several parishes of this city and I take the\\nusual pains to get proper Preachers. In a most divided kingdom, by a\\nhappy Fate, the leaders of all sides have been induced to contribute.\\nWe have in our list the names of the Duke of Newcastle, Lord Bute,\\nand Mr Pitt and both Universities have been liberal. From Lady\\nCurzon, who happened to be one of my audience when I preached at\\nCurzon Street Chapel (commonly called Mayfair Chapel), I received one\\nHundred pounds. My friend Mr Dawkins readily gave fifty pounds and\\nSmith, i. 322.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 413\\nCol. Barre has been kind in introducing me to sundry persons. But you\\nmust not think that all this produces very great Sums.\\nAnd he then proceeds to portray a curious picture of the con-\\nditions under which his plans were pursued.\\nWe are by the Brief entirely prevented from applying to the middling\\nrank of people, for if we were to go to them (which indeed is hardly pos-\\nsible in any large Degree) none of the Parish Ministers would be at the pains\\nto carry round the Brief, and then as to People of Fortune who can afford\\nsomething extraordinary, it is almost impossible to get at them, or to get\\nanything from them but by a particular interest, they are so harassed with\\nan infinity of Charities; and then when they are disposed to give you must\\ncall twenty times perhaps before the matter is finished, so that you see the\\nBrief must greatly interfere with all our private attempts to collect, not\\nonly as barring our applications to all that set of people who could be most\\nreadily got at, but likewise furnishing others with an excuse to put us off\\nby saying they have given or will give to the Brief. On sum-\\nming up my Book I find that including Mr Penn s Benefaction I have ^{^1700\\nto the credit of our College without the Brief Money our share of which\\nwill certainly amount to as much more. On Wednesday next\\nwe are to have a Benefit oratorio at Drury Lane and Mr Beard leaves his\\nown House to perform for us at the other, and will give a benefit himself\\nnext winter, but could not do it now on account of a Week lost to him by the\\nlate riots at his house, viz: Covent Garden. Mr Garrick has been exceed-\\ningly kind in the matter and gave his house at first asking and was sorry\\nthat the season was so far advanced and that he had no night disengaged\\nsooner. The principal performers, vocal and instrumental, serve Gratis and\\nwe are favoured by the Boys from the Chapel Royal, and every other mark\\nof Distinction. Mr Tyers even put off the opening of Vaux Hall, which was\\nfixed on Wednesday next in order to favour us. But after all the season\\nis so far advanced and so warm that we doubt it will turn out to no great\\nadvantage. If the house fill it may be ^200. If not, the expense will be\\ncertainly cleared. And as Dr Brown kept his performance for this purpose\\nagreeable to a promise given me at Newcastle we could not refuse it, at the\\ntime we could get it on. I enclose you a copy of this performance as also\\nDr Brown s Sermon, with one by Mr Watson on account of our Brief so that\\nyou see we begin to be taken notice of. There has been many a good\\nSermon on this subject, which the Circular Letter sent with the Brief con-\\ntributed much to produce. And indeed I rejoice more in having been the\\nwriter of that letter than anything I ever wrote, it has been so well\\nreceived.\\nThe postscript to this letter contains the germ of a future\\ncontroversy.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "414 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nYou will observe that this Collection was solicited and given to raise\\na Capital and that the Bishops and commissioners in the Brief have desired\\nMr Penn s assurance as well as mine that it shall be properly laid out as\\nsuch for the Payment of Salaries, a thing we had no difficulty to promise,\\nknowing it to be the full intention of the Trustees, for should we spend this\\nwe could not beg a second time.\\nWe cannot follow Dr. Smith s steps through his busy\\nwanderings in pursuit of his collections; we would find in them a\\nmost interesting itinerary, and would be afforded a clear picture\\nof the customs prevailing in such cases. Nothing was left\\nundone by him in his zeal for the furtherance of his mission\\nuntiring in journeyings, in visits, in solicitations, in correspond-\\nence, his energies did not seem to flag.\\nOn 12 September he writes\\nJay and I are just setting out from the New York Coffee House and\\nhope to be at Holyhead as soon as the Lord Lieutenant, and at Dublin by\\nSaturday night. But I do not know that I shall stay more than three or\\nfour weeks in Ireland, for we are told that in the present situation of that\\nKingdom, we can hope for little but in Dublin, Cork, and Derry.\\nBut shortly after his arrival in Dublin he was taken\\nill, and the anxieties of his friends were great lest he\\nshould not recover here he was detained in enforced\\nidleness for many weeks but in convalescence he measur-\\nably resumed his activities, and sought the society of the\\nlearned in Dublin and those influential in the work of educa-\\ntion. Trinity College bestowed a Doctorate upon him, his\\ndiploma bearing date 9 January, 1764. He was detained here\\nuntil 28 January, when he returned to England, proceeding to\\nStoke, the seat of the Penns, where he remained under the kind\\ncare of Mr. Penn and his wife for a fortnight, and reached Lon-\\ndon in the first week of February.\\nHe wrote to the Trustees on ii February, 1764, a few\\ndays after his arrival there, an account of his\\nmost dangerous situation in Dublin, having been ten weeks confined to Bed\\nof Fever both Bilious and Nervous which from the beginning had very bad\\nsymptoms, and for some time brought me to a State in which no hopes were\\nentertained of a possibility of recovery. Sir James Jay attended me at\\nfirst, but soon declared the matter to be too serious for him to take the whole", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 415\\non himself; and Dr. Dawson, our proprietor s Brother in law concurring in\\nthis, Dr. Barry a Man of the first note in Dublin, Physician general to the\\nArmy and Professor of Physick in the University, was called, who paid me\\nnear four score of visits with such care and tenderness as I shall never\\nforget. Happy was it that I was taken ill in a large city, and\\nwhere I could have such help. it was long hanging about me\\nbefore I was taken down, and Dr. Barry said it had been brought on by too\\nmuch anxiety and fatigue. It is not niy Temper to boast of services or value\\nmyself thereby I would rather be more humble on that Account, knowing\\nthat Posterity will always do justice if the present times were wanting. We\\nhave indeed had surprising success but there have been so many happy\\nturns in it, when to all appearances difficulties were insuperable, that a\\nkind providence seems to have been with us, and I can claim no more than\\ndoing my duty and attentively striving to make the most of every Incident\\nas it happened. Except by my sickness, I can in truth say, I\\nhave never lost a day to our Business nor thought of anything else; but\\nso much traveling on Horseback, different diet and cookery, different Beds,\\ndifferent drink, and being obliged to eat and drink often especially at\\nnight, when I had no want of either, contributed to bring that most invet-\\nerate and obstinate disorder on me; and yet it was not in my power, in\\njustice to our cause, to refuse the invitations given me and the Hospitality\\nof our Benefactors. But God has been pleased to preserve me\\nnot only thro that danger, but also the danger of a most tempestuous pas-\\nsage, being in the beginning of the same storm that has done so much\\ndamage in the channel and frightened the Nation on account of the Prince\\nand Princess of Brunswick, who are at last got safe to Holland. I waited\\nnear ten days at Dublin on account of the weather at Dublin and embarked\\non a most flattering evening with a fair Gale, but the scene was soon\\nchanged. However, next day about ten in the morning and with much\\ndifficulty, we got in.\\nOne of the last letters to the Trustees written by him prior\\nto his illness, already quoted from, again enlarged upon the\\nnecessity of capitalising the collections made under the Brief,\\nfor a minute is made at their meeting of 8 November, namely\\nSeveral letters received from Dr. Smith were read the substance of\\nall which was contained in one of 12 September, and as it appeared by\\nthese Letters that the Commissioners under the Royal Brief required some\\nAssurances from the Trustees of the Academy that the Money collected\\nshould be laid out on Land security and presented as a perpetual Fund for\\nthe College, the President was desired to write the necessary Letters and\\nto consult with Mr Chew and Mr Shippen thereupon. [Dr Smith had\\nsaid,] when you draw, it is expected that you will enable me to satisfy the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "4i6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nCommissioners how you are laying out the Money and on what securities\\nand that it will be preserved as a Capital. I have often been interrogated\\non these Heads and if Mr Penn had not kindly promised for you in all\\nthese points, we should not have got our Money so fast jnto our hands.\\nThese questions you will not think impertinent from Men of high rank\\nwhose countenance has procured us this great collection and whom the\\nKing has made Trustees in the appropriation of the Money to the uses for\\nwhich it was given, viz: as a Capital towards bringing us ^400 per annum,\\nas the Brief of my commission sets forth. This you will not think any\\nhard request. Mr Penn, Mr Allen, and every body think we are bound to\\nkeep it as a Capital and ought to do it even if we had not asked for it as\\nsuch. I have wrote you often on this head, and I wonder you have not\\nenabled me to say what is proper on your behalf. I have a difficult part to\\nact between you and those under whom I act here. They desire to inter-\\nmeddle no further, than to be ascertained how the money here committed\\nto them, is laid out with you, and that it will be made a lasting Capital,\\nThey would scorn, even if they could, to abridge us of one single right\\nwhich we hold under our Charter, and after the Money is remitted, and\\nthey assured that it is laid out to its true uses, they will perhaps never\\ninquire more after us. For my part, whatever silly Notions may enter\\njealous minds, I would sooner have come to you without a shilling than\\nhave been subjected to any terms inconsistent with our present liberal\\nplan. You may see this by my anxiety to remit such large sums, without\\na single condition, but enabling us to shew the Commissioners of the Brief\\nand the good people of England that their cash is faithfully remitted and\\non undoubted security (which I presume must be land security) to answer\\nthe purposes for which we are entrusted with it.\\nThere were reasons, undoubtedly, for this urgency, which\\nwe cannot now fathom whether the desires of the Trustees\\nto realize on the Perkasie gift of Mr. Penn had led him to doubt\\ntheir wisdom while at the same time he was wanting in confi-\\ndence as to the stability of their purposes, we cannot say. Cer-\\ntain it is that the occasion of Dr. Smith s visit was the wish to\\ncomplete their new buildings, though its cause lay deeper than\\nthat, namely, in the annually diminishing resources of the insti-\\ntution. An echo of this distrust may have found lodgment in\\nDr. Smith s mind as well, as Dr. Franklin was now at home,\\nand his influence might be again felt among the Trustees and\\nsome scheme might be formulated foreign to his own views of\\nthe government of the College. Whatever may have been the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 417\\nforce of this urgency among the contributors generally, it will\\nbe found in the sequel that the only official request made of the\\nTrustees by their friends the Commissioners was an assurance\\nthat the institution should forever be carried on in the same\\nhberal plan as it had been framed in.\\nDr. Peters, on behalf of the Trustees, responded to this\\nwarm appeal of Dr. Smith with a degree of spirit which testified\\nto their sense of being misapprehended if not mistrusted, and\\nw^rote him 12 November, 1763\\nThe Trustees conceived that the assurances they gave the pubHck in\\nyour commission under their Seal, that whatever should be contributed to\\nthe good end therein set forth should be faithfully applied upon the same\\nliberal and pious plan wherein the College was first founded would have\\nsatisfied the Commissioners appointed by the King, so that they might\\nsafely pay to you the Money collected to be remitted to us otherwise we\\nwould have given you before this fresh assurances and as strong as could\\nbe made. But as you inform us that further assurances are expected, I\\nam now requested and authorized by the Trustees to let you know that all\\nthe money drawn for which is ^1500 sterling was forthwith let out upon an\\ninterest of 6 p ct on a double security, that is, on a Mortgage of Lands\\naccompanied with a Bond and Judgment from the Mortgagor which is the\\nvery best security that can be devised, being the same that the Trustees of\\nthe General Loan Office of this province take for the monies lent by them\\nto private Borrowers, and that the same method will be observed punctually\\nand faithfully with respect to every sum that shall come into their hands\\nout of the Monies collected and paid to you for the use of their College.\\nLest you should be absent or set out for America, I have said\\nas much as this in my Letters to the Archbishop of Canterbury and to\\nMr Penn, and as the latter has a perfect knowledge of the Trustees, their\\ncharacters and their whole Conduct in the Management of their Trust, we\\nhope there will be no hesitation in ordering the payment of the monies\\ncollected to be made to you.\\nWhen just prior to Dr. Smith s leaving England on his return home, five of\\nthe Commissioners under the Brief, namely the Archbishops of Canterbury and\\nYork, the Bishop of Winchester, Dr. Chandler, and Thomas Penn, gave Dr. Smith\\ntheir power of attorney dated 13 April, 1764, to see and take care in conjunction\\nwith the Trustees, that the share of the Collection that has arisen or may arise to the\\nsame be laid out upon sufficient security and preserved as a Capital to produce\\nan Annual Revenue for the Benefit of the said Seminary agreeable to the meaning\\nof the said Letters Patent and our express Intention in this our Letter of Attorney\\ndeclared And requiring him to transmit them an account properly vouched and\\ncertified of the manner in which the whole monies is disposed or\\nlaid out with an account of the Securities taken and the amount of the\\nannual Revenue which the monies so laid out may produce.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "4i8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nIn his letter of 1 1 February, 1764, the Provost gave a brief\\nsummary of the results of the collection.\\nI can now assure you that our share (including the Proprietors ^500)\\nwill amount to Six thousand pounds nearly and clear of all expenses.\\nThis tells well and will be a noble sum in your Currency. But you will\\nnot let your Draughts from the beginning exceed four thousand pounds,\\ntill I see you or send further advice, for I must return to Stratford before I\\nembark and one of the last things I do. There are 9600] Briefs come in\\nand 1500 not come in, but the greatest part will be ready by the ist March\\nand then I go to make a settlement with them. I begin next\\nweek to publish a List of the Whole Collection that every Contributor may\\nsee the exactness of the Account. I find the Dissenters have not\\ncontributed so much as I hoped but many others have far exceeded all\\nhopes The Quakers have returned all their Briefs blank. But I do not\\nfind that they have tried much to dissuade others from giving, and so far\\nwe are obliged to them.\\nHis last letter, dated 10 March, is submitted to the Trustees\\nat their Meeting of 8 May.\\nSince I came to London from Ireland, I began to recover my usual\\nstrength, have preached on the Brief in three Capital Churches where it\\nhad been delayed for that purpose, viz St. Mary, White Chapel, St\\nGeorge the Martyr, and Lambeth Church I have made great Collections\\nin the Parishes belonging to them, and do not doubt if I could stay a\\nMonth or two longer I might add at least a thousand Pounds more to the\\nCollection, as I have raised near one hundred Pounds one Week with\\nanother since my return to London, part of which was on the Brief, and\\nPart in private Collections. But I am determined to embark for Philadel-\\nphia the end of March, as I am thoroughly tired out, and long earnestly\\nto be with my Family, and Mr Peters is urgent for my return that he himself\\nmight embark for Liverpool to see his Relatives. There are only about\\nseven or eight parishes now in London, where the Brief has not been\\ncollected, and I have engaged some of my friends to preach in them, and\\nto give all possible attention to the Collection.\\nThat his work had been well done and his labors constant\\nare testified to bythe results already portrayed, and there needs not\\nthe confirmation of his English supporters. Thomas Penn writes\\nhim, 9 April, 1764, the great zeal with which you have sol-\\nlicited the Contributions for the Benefit of the College of Phila-\\ndelphia must entitle you to the Regard and Esteem of every\\nPerson that wishes well to the Province of Pennsylvania, and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 419\\nassuring him of his friendship on all occasions, asks him to accept\\nas a Token his Draft on his Banker for fifty pounds. In his prompt\\nacknowledgment of the Proprietary s substantial remembrance,\\nhe covers also his allegiance to the Proprietary interests in his\\nfar-off home\\nplease to accept my assurances, that so far as my Judgment or Abilities can\\ncarry me, you shall ever find me, in all Prudence, earnest to promote the\\nbest interests of the Country with which you are so closely connected, and\\nwhich I know you and your Family will always consider as inseparable\\nfrom your own interests.\\nArchbishop Seeker writes to Dr. Peters on 1 3 April\\nI cannot let Dr Smith go without sending you a line by him. Provi-\\ndence has blessed our Endeavors here, for the Benefit of his College, much\\nbeyond my expectation. And indeed his Abilities and Diligence have\\nbeen the chief Instruments of the Success. Dissenters have contributed\\nlaudably but the Members of the Church of England, and particularly\\nthe Clergy, have been proportionately more liberal. Doubtless they were\\ninduced to it by the Allegation in the Brief, that this Seminary, and that of\\nNew York, would be extremely useful in educating Missionaries to serve\\nthe Society for propagating the Gospel. And therefore I hope the Trustees\\nof the College of Philadelphia will be careful to make Provision, that all\\nsuch as are designed for Clergymen of our Church shall be instructed by a\\nProfessor of Divinity who is a Member of our Church which may surely\\nbe done without giving any offense to Persons of other Denominations a\\nFault that by all means should be studiously avoided as I doubt not,\\nthrough your Prudence, it may and will. And with due Precaution, the\\nThing is necessary to be done.\\nAnd Dr. Chandler writes to Dr. Peters\\nThe Doctor has been indefatigable in his Endeavours to serve the\\nPhiladelphia College and greatly successful. He well deserves the sin-\\ncerest thanks of all the Trustees, of the several Professors and Masters, and\\nall who wish well to the College, and indeed, in general, of all the Friends\\nof Knowledge and Learning.\\nSir James Jay had been left in Ireland by Dr. Smith, and\\nthe latter had given settlement of their joint accounts in the hands\\nof Mr. Penn but it was not until August of that year that Mr.\\nPenn, as representative of Dr. Smith, Sir James Jay for King s\\n11 Smith, i. 351, 52,54.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "420 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nCollege, and Mr. Barlow Trecothick, as a Friend to both Colleges,\\nmet for the purpose of settling the accounts, which being passed\\nupon by each one, Mr. Trecothick was entrusted with preparing\\nthe final account. Sir James Jay s unhappy controversy with\\nhis College which grew out of the accounting of his affairs, led\\nto the publication of his Letter to the Governors of tJie College of\\nNew York, 1771, before referred to. This grew, apparently,\\nfrom anticipating his collections, and drawing for too great an\\namount. A reference to this draft by Dr. Smith in his letter of\\nII February, 1764, properly finds record here:\\nI thought it best the moment I was able to come to look after our\\nBusiness in England, and to leave Jay in Ireland, who does not propose so\\nspeedy a return to America as is necessary for me. And indeed I got to\\nEngland just Time enough to save for New York the damages on ^2500\\nprotested bills for they had drawn for_^4ooo at once, and Mr Drummond\\nhad but ^1500, and could not get more as the power of settling with the\\nBrief gatherers was in Jay and me. They were too rash in their Draught\\nat New York but, however, out of their own share the whole ^4000 is\\npaid and ^500 left over with Mr Drummond, with whom I have just been.\\nLXVII.\\nFinally, Provost Smith bade Adieu to his friends in Eng-\\nland, and embarking from Falmouth on 23 April in the Earl of\\nHalifax ^dickeX., reached New York,^on 5 June, and immediately\\nset out for Philadelphia which after a rapid journey for those\\ndays he reached the next evening. The Pennsylvania Gazette of\\n16 June, chronicled his arrival and reception on 14 June.\\nLate on Wednesday Evening the 6th Inst, the Rev d Doctor Smith,\\nProvost of the College of this city, arrived in perfect health, having come\\nin the Halifax packet, in about six weeks from Falmouth, The Day follow-\\ning, the Professors of the Colleges in their proper Habits, and many of the\\nprincipal gentlemen of the city, gave him a most cordial welcome at his\\nNew York Metrury, ii June, 1 764.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 421\\nHouse; and on Tuesday last the Trustees of the College received him at\\nthe College, and, after perusing the Papers and Accounts which he laid\\nbefore them, they did by the Mouth of their President return him their\\nunanimous Thanks, for the great Zeal, Ability, and Address, which he hath\\nshown in the Management of the Collection, carried on in conjunction with\\nSir James Jay, for this College, and that of New York; by Means of which,\\nabout Thirteen Thousand Pounds Sterling will come clearly to be divided\\nbetween the two Seminaries\\nBut the Trustees Minutes of 12 June give a more stately\\naccount of their reception of him. Messrs. Peters, Hamilton, Coxe,\\nDuche, Redman, Edward Shippen, Coleman, Turner, Phineas and\\nThomas Bond, Lardner, Strettell, Stedman, White, Willing, and\\nCadwalader, met according to notice and Dr. Smith\\nbeing introduced by the President, he was most affectionately received by\\nall the members of the Board, who expressed great satisfaction on seeing\\nhim safely returned and perfectly recovered from the dangerous Sickness\\ninto which he had fallen in the City of Dublin. After which kind saluta-\\ntions he produced the State of the Collection as it stood at the time of his\\nDeparture from England, properly vouched by the Hon ble Thomas Penn,\\nEsqr and Mr. Alderman Trecothicke who have kindly accepted a Power of\\nAttorney from the Commissioners named in the Royal Brief, to examine,\\nsettle and close the whole Collection as soon as the remainder of the Briefs\\ncan be returned into the proper office, there being about thirteen hundred\\noutstanding when Dr. Smith came away, and about nine thousand seven\\nhundred returned. Dr. Smith then delivered a joint Letter from the Pro-\\nprietors to the Trustees, and a separate Letter to them from the Hon ble\\nThomas Penn, Esq, after which he withdrew. Being soon afterwards\\ncalled in, the President in the Name and by the order of the Trustees\\nvoted him their unanimous Thanks in the warmest and most affectionate\\nManner for the great Zeal, Diligence, AbiUty and Address which he had\\nshown in the Management of this Collection, for which all the Friends of\\nthis Institution as well as of Learning in General were under the greatest\\nobligations to him.\\n^The total results as recited in the account entered in the Minutes of 3 May,\\n1765, are namely:\\nOne half of the Brief Money, ^4800.\\nOne half private Collections preceding 22 June, 1762, 11 36. 10.6\\nRoyal Bounty, 200.\\nProprietary Bounty, 500.\\nCollected before the Scheme for New York was united, 284.17.\\n6921. 7.6\\nwhich at current rate of exchange 72^ per cent, would bring in Pennsylvania\\nCurrency, \u00c2\u00a311. 939.6. S-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "42 2 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nTo this the Provost made a feehng and appropriate reply,\\nclosing with the statement\\nthat the Success had far exceeded anything that could be reasonably expected,\\nand would no doubt lead all concerned to be truly thankful to our Bene-\\nfactors, and earnestly desirous to manage their Bounty so as most effectu-\\nally to answer their pious Intentions.\\nDr. Peters then read the letter of Dr. Chandler to him of\\n12 April, already quoted from, and as it\\nreferred to another drawn up by the Archbishop of Canterbury and him-\\nself. Dr. Smith produced the same, and Mr. Stedman, Mr. Shippen, Mr.\\nDuche and Dr. Redman were appointed a Committee together with the Pro-\\nvost, to consider the said two letters together, with those from the Propri-\\netors, and to draw up proper addresses and answers to them against Thurs-\\nday next.\\nThanks were ordered to be conveyed to Mr. Trecothick\\nfor his great kindness during the whole Collection and also to\\nMessrs. David Barclay and Sons for their kindness and before\\nclosing\\nit was recommended to the Trustees to consider against next Meeting in\\nwhat Manner they might best shew their Regard to Dr. Smith, increase his\\nsupport, and put him on as respectable a Footing as possible in the Insti-\\ntution.\\nAnd at the following meeting this regard was testified by allow-\\ning him\\nOne Hundred Pounds per annum as a Consideration for those Services,\\nwhich sum is not to be considered as an addition to the Salary of Provost,\\nbut solely as a Reward for Dr. Smith s personal services in England.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 423\\nLXVIII.\\nThe meeting of 14 June, 1764, became a historic one, and\\nmarks an era in the life of the College of standing importance,\\nalthough fifteen years later that life was for awhile stricken down\\nby its enemies, who turned to the record of this meeting for false\\ntestimony whereon to formulate their charges which brought\\nabout the abrogation of the existing charter. Let us first recite\\nthe significant letter jointly signed by Archbishop Seeker, the\\nbrothers Penn, and Dr. Chandler, of which Dr. Smith was the\\nbearer. The causes which led to this historic document are\\ndetailed by Dr. Chandler in his letter to Dr. Peters of 12 April,\\nand display the kindly and worthy motives which prompted it.\\nHe writes\\nAs there have been some Suspicions entertained on both sides that\\nthe present Constitution of it may be altered, and the Professors and Mas-\\nters, now of difTerent Denominations, in Time may all be of one prevail-\\ning Denomination to the exclusion of those of the other, by the Art and\\nPower of the prevailing party and as the Doctor [Smith] justly appre-\\nhended this would be contrary to the intention of those who have con-\\ntributed towards the Support of the College (who have been of all parties\\namongst us) and inconsistent with the Prosperity of the Institution itself,\\nby his Desire, I waited, Monday last, on the good Archbishop of Can-\\nterbury, where, with the Doctor, we freely debated this affair for an Hour\\ntogether. His Grace, a friend to Liberty, and highly approving the pres-\\nent Plan on which the College is established, gave his Opinion that this\\nPlan should be preserved without alteration. I had the Honor entirely\\nto agree with the ArchbP and, on Dr. Smith s proposing to him that a\\nLetter to the Trustees representing our Judgment in this affair, and signed\\nby both of us, might be of some Weight to keep Things on their present\\nFooting and prevent all future Jealousies on either side, he readily assented\\nto it. As my Judgment is supported by that of so worthy a\\nPrelate, and as I apprehend by the Reason of the Thing itself, I hope it\\nwill, as his Judgment, have the good effect of preventing all future jeal-\\nousies, and of establishing Peace and Harmony amongst all the worthy\\nProfessors, and of promoting Religion, Learning and Liberty, which I pray\\nGod may long continue to flourish in that Seminary.\\nThe following letter, it will be seen, was joined in by the Pro-\\nprietaries, and approved by one of the most influential Trustees,\\nthen in London, Chief Justice Allen.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "424 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nTo the Trustees of the College and Academy of Philadelphia\\nGentlemen\\nWe cannot omit the opportunity which Doctr Smith s return to\\nPhiladelphia gives us of congratulating you on the great success of the\\nCollection which he came to pursue and of acknowledging your obliging\\nAddresses of Thanks to us for the Share we had in recommending and\\nencouraging this Design. Such a mark of your Attention to us will, we\\ndoubt not, excuse our hinting to you what we think may be further neces-\\nsary to a due Improvement of this Collection, and the future Prosperity\\nof the Institution under your care.\\nThis Institution you have professed to have been originally founded\\nand hitherto carried on for the general Benefit of a mixed Body of People.\\nIn his Majesty s Royal Brief, it is represented as a Seminary that would be\\nof great use for raising up able Instructors and Teachers, as well for the\\nService of the Society for propagating the Gospel in foreign Parts, as for\\nother Protestant Denominations in the Colonies.\\nAt the time of granting this Collection, which was sollicited by the\\nProvost, who is a Clergyman of the Church of the England, it was known\\nthat there were united with him a Vice Provost who is a Presbyterian, and\\na principal Professor of the Baptist Persuasion, with sundry inferior Pro-\\nfessors and Tutors, all carrying on the Education of Youth with great Har-\\nmony and People of various Denominations have hereupon contributed\\nliberally and freely.\\nBut jealousies now arising lest this Foundation should afterwards be nar-\\nrowed, and some Party endeavor to exclude the Rest, or put them on a worse\\nFooting than they have been from the Beginning, or were at the Time of this\\nCollection, which might not only be deemed unjust in itself, but might like-\\nwise be productive of Contentions unfriendly to Learning and hurtful to\\nReligion we would therefore recommend it to you, to make some funda-\\nmental Rule or Declaration to prevent Inconveniences of this Kind in\\ndoing of which, the more closely you keep in View the Plan on which the\\nSeminary was at the Time of obtaining the Royal Brief, and on which it\\nhas been carried on from the Beginning, so much the less Cause we think\\nyou will give for any Party to be dissatisfied.\\nWishing continual Prosperity and Peace to the Institution, We are,\\nwith great Regard,\\nGentlemen\\nYour faithful\\nFriends and Servants\\nLondon Tho. Cant.\\n9 April, 1764 Tho. Rich^ Penn\\nI as a Trustee approve Sam. Chandler,\\nof this Letter. Wit-\\nness my Hand,\\nWill. Allen", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 425\\nWherein lay this distrust that the Trustees would possibly\\nnarrow the scheme of the College cannot now well be traced.\\nKing s College was admittedly a Church of England Institution,\\nand was the recipient of the noble bounty of Trinity Church,\\nwhich to secure to the College the President of its choice elected\\nDr. Johnson an assistant Minister of the Parish in order to\\nassure him a living. It appealed under the Royal Brief to the\\nEnglish people with force equal to that exerted by the Phila-\\ndelphia College, though making no pretentions to that liberal\\nplan claimed by the latter at its origin. But the latter having\\nnow renewed this claim, to meet possibly the desires of Dr. Chand-\\nler and his friends, urgency was now exerted on the Trustees to\\nofBcially renew the assurance of it. The President of the Board was\\nnow Rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, the Provost the\\nmost eminent preacher and orator in the Province, and the more\\ninfluential Trustees were members of the Church of England.\\nThese latter from the outset had in fact the same prevailing\\nchurch membership, but under Franklin s leading impulse this\\nwas not felt, they having been united by him to aid the new\\nacademy from their mercantile and personal influence, and in no\\nwise because of their church membership. But the gradual\\nwithdrawal of Franklin s concerns in the Seminary, and the\\nprevailing influence of Peters, Smith and Duche,^ three Church\\nof England clergymen, especially as the second of these was\\npolitically the champion of that church s interest in the\\nProvince, would suffice to give color to any accusations of the\\nkind which might be raised against it. From Franklin s present\\nstandpoint, it must have appeared to be narrowing, and his fears\\nwould be confirmed when he saw his college uniting with a\\nChurch of England college in a general collection. If this view\\nwas accepted by him before his leaving England, he might\\nreasonably give some expression to it, for he was without the\\nconfidence of Dr. Smith, whose estrangement might only serve\\nMr. Stedman and Mr. Duch6 are both extremely kind and give me all the\\nAssistance in their power with the utmost assiduity and readiness in conducting the\\nAcademy Business. Dr. Peters to Dr. Smith. 28 May, 1763. Penna. Magazine, x.\\n352.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "426 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nto strengthen this view. That some of the Professors and\\nTutors were other religionists than Churchmen, was rather the\\nresult perhaps of circumstances than of intention, and this may-\\nhave been known to Franklin. Dr. Peters in writing to Dr.\\nSmith his letter of 28 May, 1763, bewails this\\nI blush to tell you that we have not one church Tutor in all our\\nAcademy. There is not a Churchman upon the Continent as I can hear\\nof that is fit to make a Tutor and it is from downright necessity that we\\nare obliged to take such as offer.\\nThis fear or mistrust of the Trustees would have but little\\nweight as a matter of mere record in the life of the College, but\\nas grave issues a few years subsequently were evolved from\\nthis disputed point, this seems the place to look for the seeds\\nwhich were claimed to bear the bitter fruit of those later years.\\nThe wise and capable Dr. Chandler could not have succeeded\\nin winning Archbishop Seeker s cooperation in the present\\nappeal to the Trustees, had he not satisfied him that good reasons\\nprevailed to seek an official utterance from the Trustees which\\nwould allay this doubt. Whatever may have been at that time\\nthe prevailing circumstances which fostered this doubt as to the\\nintegrity of the appeal of the Trustees on their original liberal\\nplan, we cannot now well define them, but we must admit their\\ncredible existence, and the readiness of the Trustees to\\nappreciate the point and their promptness to give a responsive\\nassurance of their integrity in this regard, is evidenced by their\\nimmediate action upon the joint letter to them from their friends.\\nAnd before adjournment at this important meeting of 14 June,\\nthey adopted the following Declaration\\nThe Trustees being ever desirous to promote the Peace and Pros,\\nperity of this Seminary, and to give Satisfaction to all its worthy Bene-\\nfactors, have taken the above Letter into their serious Consideration, and\\nperfectly approving the Sentiments therein contained, do order the same to\\nbe inserted in their Books, that it may remain perpetually declaratory of\\nthe present wide and excellent Plan of this Institution, which hath not only\\nmet with the approbation of the great and worthy Personages above men-\\ntioned, but even the Royal Sanction of his Majesty himself. They further\\nPenna, Magazine x. 352.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 427\\ndeclare that they will keep this Plan closely in their View, and use their\\nutmost Endeavours that the same be not narrowed nor the Members of the\\nChurch of England or those dissenting from them (in any future Election to\\nthe principal offices mentioned in the aforesaid letter) be put on any worse\\nFooting in this Seminary than they were at the Time of obtaining the\\nRoyal Brief. They subscribe this with their names and ordain that the\\nsame be read and subscribed by every new Trustee that shall hereafter be\\nelected before he takes his Seat at the Board.\\nOf the Twenty-four Trustees now serving, twenty promptly\\nsigned the same on the Minute Book, including Franklin,\\nthough he and Dr. Shippen and Mr. Chew did not attend this\\nmeeting or that of 12 June called to receive the Provost^ Of\\nthe other four, Mr. Inglis who was yet abroad in June, signed\\non II September; Chief Justice Allen was also abroad Mr.\\nElliot had removed to New York, and his place was shortly\\ndeclared vacant and Mr. Syng s name also does not appear.\\nThis weighty matter thus duly recorded, letters to their\\nkind friends were read, approved, and ordered to be entered on\\nthe minutes. To the Archbishop they say\\nWhatever comes recommended to us by the names of Personages to\\nwhom we are under so many obligations, cannot fail of having its due\\nWeight with us, more especially as it is conformable to that generous plan\\nwhich we have always pursued in this Seminary and therefore we found\\nDr. Shippen s attendance at the meetings about this time were infrequent.\\nBut the absence of Mr. Chew may not have been without design, if we accept a\\nstatement regarding hira in Dr. Peter s letter to Dr. Smith of 28 May, 1763: It\\ngives your Friends here a great deal of concern that you have had so much trouble in\\ndefending yourself against what was said to your prejudice about Mr. Beaty s Collec-\\ntion. The noise as I wrote you, was very strong at first, but it has subsided for some\\ntime. From your first Letters we all saw the thing in its true light. I\\ngave Dr. Alison the printed Letter with your Defence certified by Mr. Penn and Dr.\\nChandler and desired him to shew it to his Brethren. This I did as soon as the first\\nof them arrived. I showed it likewise to Mr Allen and left it with him at\\nhis own request, and I hope at meeting you will be able to remove any unfavorable\\nImpressions that may still remain with him towards you. I could find by his discourse\\nthat he had a great sense of the very great services you was doing for us, and make\\nno doubt, but as both he and you are very open on all occasions, everything will be\\ndiscussed and settled between you to mutual satisfaction. I have had\\nmuch discourse [with] Mr. Chew and at times with the Governor [Hamilton] and\\nfrom both I learn that the same unfavorable Impressions conceived of you were not\\nworn off yet your extraordinary merit and success were amply acknowledged and I\\nam sure they will on your arrival make you quite sensible that they are real friends\\nof the Institution, and therefore cannot but give you a mighty hearty welcome\\nand act towards you a just and kind Part. God restore you to us in good health,\\nand then I think you will find things much better than you can imagine, and we shall\\nbe able to put all things on a good footing. Pennsylvania Magazine, x 351.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "428 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nno Difficulty in making and entering on our Books a fundamental Declara-\\ntion of this Plan as proposed to us, a Copy of which is hereunto annexed\\nunder our Seal.\\nBut the next paragraph appears to show their fear that the\\nArchbishop might misconstrue their expression, that the\\nmembers of the Church of England or those dissenting from\\nthem be not put on any worse footing than before\\nAfter the great Countenance shewn to this Seminary by our gracious\\nSovereign and by our National Church over which your Grace presides, we\\nshould hold ourselves inexcusable if, by any Act of ours, we should endeavor\\nto put the Interest of that Church on any worse Footing in the said Semi-\\nnary than it was at the Time of obtaining so great Favors. On the contrary\\nwe think it our Duty to shew every mark of our Regard to that Church, so\\nfar as is consistent with our Faith pledged to other Religious Denomina-\\ntions and that Plan of Christian Liberty to which we know your Grace is a\\nwarm Friend.\\nTo Dr. Chandler they write\\nYou may be well assured that we shall be ever Zealous to preserve\\nthat Plan of Christian Liberty on which it is the Glory of this Institution to be\\nfounded and at the same time that we shew all due Regard to our national\\nChurch, we shall never violate our Faith pledged to other religious Denomi-\\nnations.\\nTo the Proprietaries they also write their acknowledgments,\\nand say\\nWhat comes recommended to us by Personages to whom we owe so\\nmany obligations, could not fail to have its due Weight with us, more\\nespecially as it is conformable to that generous Plan which we have always\\npursued in this Seminary and therefore we found no Difficulty in making\\nand entering into our Books a fundamental iDeclaration of this Plan, as\\nproposed to us.\\nThe carefulness with which the Trustees reiterated their\\nconstant maintenance of the original plan of the Institution, and\\nthe grace with which they now acceded to a request from high\\nquarters to renew assurances to that effect, would seem to\\nimply they had knowledge that there was some ground for the\\nmistrust held by their friends, otherwise they would have coupled\\nto their reiteration some denial of, perhaps resentment at, the\\nserious implications involved in the request. The Trustees had", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 429\\nreplied through Dr. Peters with becoming spirit to the equally\\nserious intimations that the funds arising from the collections\\nmight not meet with proper investments, but there is a lack of\\nthis spirit underthe present implications. But it is only surmise,\\nand not evidence, that -their good friends in England had some\\ngrounds for their kind suggestions and inquiries.\\nThe Trustees did not adjourn this important meeting of 14\\nJune until they had appointed Dr. Smith their Secretary, to\\ntake charge of their Minutes and Proceedings and to give his\\nassistance to the Treasurer whenever it may be required which\\nservices he is to perform without any further consideration than\\nthe said additional sum of One Hundred Pounds per annum\\nalready noted. From this time greater care is preserved, and\\nmore detail observed in the Minutes of the Trustees, for the\\nexcellent workmanship and industry of Dr. Smith were observed\\nin this minor office as in all his engagements.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "430 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nLXIX.\\nThe worthy and faithful President, who had been elected\\nRector of the United Churches of Christ Church and St. Peter s\\non 6 December, 1762, to succeed Dr. Jenney, whose funeral\\nsermon Dr. Smith had preached on the eve of his sailing a twelve-\\nmonth before, had been himself desirous of going abroad, and\\nindeed it was subsequently found requisite that he should visit\\nEngland to receive a license in due form from the Bishop of\\nLondon in person. He had assisted the Rector of the Church,\\nthe Rev. Archibald Cummings for a few months in 1736, but\\nthe present election was his first cure and he entered on his\\nduties at once, but he felt indisposed to go abroad and leave the\\nyoung College, for there was no one among the Trustees\\nunless it were young Duche who would give it that lively\\nmanagement in the absence of the Provost that he could. He\\nwrites to Dr. Smith on 28 May, 1763\\nAs I have reason to think you will have been at Liverpool, you will\\nhave satisfied my sister that it is not possible for me to come over this year.\\nYou wrote in so affecting a manner on this subject that I am\\nforced tho with reluctance to postpone my voyage till your return. [He now\\nimmediately upon the Provost s return] informs the Board that he was to\\nembark for England in a few Days to visit his Relations, and in Hopes to\\nbenefit his Health. The Trustees, by one of their Members\\nreturned him their unanimous Thanks for his long and faithful Services to\\nthe Institution, and on his Resignation of the office of President, the\\nHon ble James Hamilton was unanimously elected President, which he was\\npleased to accept.\\nDr. Peters took an affectionate leave of his congregations\\nat Christ Church on Sunday [17th June] and on Monday morn-\\ning set out for New Castle, in order to embark for England\\nhe remained abroad eighteen months, returning home in the\\nChristmas holidays of 1765 and his attendance at the meeting\\nof 14 January, 1 766, testified to the prompt resumption of his\\nshare in the College trust.\\nPenna. Magazine, x. 352.\\nPenna. GazeUe, 20 June, 1764. Ibid, 2 January, 1766.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 43 1\\nA commencement for the year 1764 was in preparation,\\nbut at the meeting of 13 March, Dr. Peters\\nacquaints the Trustees that he had received a letter from Dr Smith wherein\\nhe desired that the time of the ensuing Commencement might be left open\\ntill his arrival, as it would then be necessary to make a publick mention of\\nthe generous donations made to the Academy and other distinguishing\\nmarks of respect shewed the Institution in the course of his present appli-\\ncations; and agreeable to his request it was Resolved that no time should\\nbe fixed for the Commencement, but that the Candidates should be exam-\\nined by such of the Trustees as would attend on the 28th of this month,\\nand if they should be found well qualified that they then should be exam-\\nined in publick on the 6th of April, of which last examination, notice is to\\nbe inserted in the Gazette as usual.\\nBut the Provost s departure from England was delayed, with\\nthe result that no order was taken for the annual commence-\\nment and we have no means of knowing who were the suc-\\ncessful candidates in 1764 who took their degrees at the\\ncommencement of 1765.\\n*The Penna. Gazette, 5 April, 1764.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "432 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLXX.\\nThe Rev. George Whitefield favored Philadelphia with\\nanother of his visits in 1764,^ and on 9 October the Trustees\\nappointed Dr. Redman, Mr. Duche, and the Provost to wait\\non him and to request in Behalf of the Trustees that before his\\nDeparture from this City he would oblige the Institution with a\\nsermon for the Benefit of the Charity Children educated in it,\\nwhich he did on the 17th in the College Hall, an excellent\\nsermon from St. Matthew vi. 10, Thy Kingdom come. He\\nconcluded with a most fervent and Christian exhortation to the\\nYouth of the Institution and the Collection at the doors\\namounted to one Hundred and Five pounds. Whitefield\\nspeaks of this as one of the best regulated institutions in the\\nworld and in describing this service writes\\nDr. Smith read prayers for me; both the present and the late Gov-\\nernor, with the head gentlemen of the city were present; and cordial thanks\\nwere sent to me from all the trustees, for speaking for the children, and\\ncountenancing the institution.^\\nMr. Whitefield had attended and preached at the Commence-\\nment of the College of New Jersey at Princeton on 26\\nSeptember.*\\nBut the Kingdom of Peace, which Whitefield preached in\\nOctober, did not spare the Province a strife of politics which\\nwas the severest experienced by its citizens for many years.\\nDr. Smith s return home was in the midst of this ferment, and as\\nthe two foremost men in the College annals became prominent\\non opposite sides, we must pause in the recital of these to\\ntake a view of the civil situation surrounding its academic\\nhalls. But we must go back a twelvemonth to obtain the\\nkey to the situation. The return of peace, that of 1763,\\nDr. Franklin writes him 19 June, 1764, We hope you will not be deterred\\nfrom writing your friends here, by the bugbear Boston account of the unhealthiness\\nof Philadelphia. Bigelow iii. 251.\\nPenna. Gazette, 18 October, 1764.\\nTyerman s Lifen. j-j.\\nFefina. Gazette, li October, 1764.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 433\\nbrought to a close the active military work of the colonies, and\\nthe frontiersmen were now more exposed to marauding Indians,\\nwho, having tasted war under the influence of the French intrigues,\\nnourished memories of hatred against the English settlers and\\nsought in some cases to avenge themselves for past injuries.\\nThe whites dreamed of a war of extermination of the Indians,\\nand awoke to the reality of a murder of a band of peaceful\\nIndians who had for two generations dwelt in Lancaster county\\nin amity with all their neighbors, the oldest of them being\\nShehaes, who had assisted at Penn s second treaty in 1701 and\\nhad ever since continued a faithful and affectionate friend\\nto the English. In the middle of December, 1763, a body of\\nless than sixty men from Paxtang Township, in that county,\\nmarched one night and surrounded their settlement in Cones-\\ntoga Manor, and massacred without note of warning the few\\nthey there found, for the most happened to be away from home\\nat the moment. These latter, hearing of this cruel work, sought\\nrefuge in Lancaster and were by their friends secured in the jail\\nto spare them from attack of the same party, who became known\\nas the Paxton Boys. News of the massacre of the 14 December\\nwas speedily carried to Philadelphia, and produced intense\\nindignation the Governor issued his proclamation calling upon\\nall officers to make diligent search for the murderers. But\\nunheeding this, and undaunted by the shame and cruelty of\\ntheir proceeding, they came to Lancaster where they heard the\\nremaining villagers were in hiding, and on the second day after\\nChristmas, appeared in force, and broke into the jail, and mur-\\ndered all the Indians they there found. Governor Penn issued\\na second proclamation on 2 January, 1764. Franklin wrote his\\nwell-known Narrative of the late Massacres in Lancaster County\\nof a number of hidians, friends of this province, appealing to the\\npeople by every instinct of mercy and justice to stand by the\\nhonor of the government and protect peaceable citizens, even\\nthough they might be Indians whom they were asked to shield\\nfrom unprovoked slaughter. He says\\nLet us rouse ourselves, for shame, and redeem the honor of our\\nprovince from the contempt of its neighbors; let all good men join heartily", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "434 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nand unanimously in support of the laws, and in strengthening the hands of\\ngovernment, that justice may be done, the wicked punished, and the inno-\\ncent protected; otherwise we can, as a people, expect no blessing from\\nHeaven there will be no security for our persons or properties anarchy\\nand confusion will prevail over all; and violence without judgment dispose\\nof everything. i shall conclude with observing, that cowards\\ncan handle arms, can strike where they are sure to meet with no return,\\ncan wound, mangle and murder; but it belongs to brave men to spare and\\nprotect; for, as the poet says,\\nMercy still sways the brave.\\nBut neither the fulminations of the authorities, nor the elo-\\nquence of the foremost citizen of the province had weight with\\nthese savages of a whiter hue. Their thirst for Indian bloodied\\nthem to search for wider streams wherein to quench it. Many-\\nfriendly Indians in the province, to the number of one hundred\\nand forty, some of them Christians under Moravian teachings, at\\nonce sought protection among their Philadelphia friends, where\\nthey found a place of refuge on Providence Island in the Dela-\\nware. The Paxton Boys marched towards Philadelphia in swel-\\nling numbers. The Indians were now brought into the city and\\nsecured in the barracks. Franklin, at the request of the Gover-\\nnor, organized a military association as he had done before under\\nthe fears of foreign invasion, and nine companies were formed.\\nThe Paxton boys had marched as far as Germantown, where\\nthey paused, hearing of the Indians protection and the prepara-\\ntions for their armed defence happily, a fatal pause to their\\nschemes. Governor Penn deputed Franklin with other citizens\\nto go out and meet them, among these being his fellow Trustees\\nDr. Peters, Thomas Willing and Benjamin Chew. But an influ-\\nential element in the province exhibited some sympathy v/iththe\\ncry of Down with the Indians, and beyond the quiet disper-\\nsion of these marauders, unharmed by the law, nothing was\\naccomplished and the month of February witnessed the cessa-\\ntion of the excitement and the assured safety of the Indians.\\nTheir enemies alleged that the friendship of these Indians was\\ndeceitful, that they gave encouragement to traitors, even if they\\ndid not harbor them that retaliation was justifiable and their\\nwar was against them as a nation, of which every tribe and indi-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 435\\nvidual formed a part. Indeed, religious enthusiasm suggested, as\\nthey were heathen, there was a divine command to exterminate\\nthem. Even the mild John Ewing, the divine who was filling\\nProvost Smith s chair in his absence wrote to his young friend\\nJoseph Reed then in London,\\nOur public money is lavishly squandered away in supporting a num-\\nber of savages, who have been murdering and scalping us for many years\\npast. This has so enraged some desperate young men, who had lost\\ntheir nearest relations, by these very Indians, to cut off about twenty\\nIndians that lived near Lancaster, who had, during the war, carried on a\\nconstant intercourse with our other enemies and they came down to Ger-\\nmantown to inquire why Indians, known to be enemies, were to be sup-\\nported, even in luxury, with the best that our markets afforded, at the\\npublic expense, while they were left in the utmost distress on the Frontiers,\\nin want of the necessaries of life. Ample promises were made to them that\\ntheir grievances should be redressed, upon which they immediately dis-\\npersed and went home. Few, but Quakers, think that the\\nLancaster Indians have suffered anything but their just deserts. Tis not\\na little surprising to us here, that orders should be sent from the Crown, to\\napprehend and bring to justice those persons who have cut off that nest of\\nenemies that lived near Lancaster. What surprises us more\\nthan all, the accounts we have from England, is, that our Assembly, in a\\npetition they have drawn up, to the King, for a change of Government,\\nshould represent this Province in a state of uproar and riot, and when not a\\nman in it has once resisted a single officer of the Government, nor a single\\nact of violence committed, unless you call the Lancaster affair such,\\nalthough it was no more than going to war with that tribe, as they had\\ndone before with others, without a formal proclamation of war by the Gov-\\nernment.^\\nWe cannot wonder at Franklin s indictment of the Govern-\\nment, two months later, in his Cool Thoughts on the Present Situ-\\nation of Our Public Affairs\\nAt present we are in a wretched situation. The Government, that\\nought to Keep all in order, is itself weak, and has scarce authority enough\\nto keep the common peace. Mobs assemble and Kill (we scarce dare say\\nmurder) numbers of innocent people in cold blood, who were under the\\nprotection of the Government. Proclamations are issued to bring the\\nrioters to justice. Those proclamations are treated with the utmost indig-\\nnity and contempt. Not a magistrate dares wag a finger towards discover-\\nLife and Correspondence of President Reed, William B. Reed, i. 35.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "436 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ning or apprehending the delinquents (we must not call them murderers).\\nThey assemble again, and with arms in their hands approach the capital.\\nThe Government truckles, condescends to cajole them, and drops all prose-\\ncution of their crimes while honest citizens, threatened in their lives and\\nfortunes, flee the province, as having no confidence in the people s protec-\\ntion. We are daily threatened with more of these tumults and the Gov-\\nernment, which in its distress called aloud on the sober inhabitants to come\\nwith arms to its assistance, now sees those who afforded that assistance\\ndaily libelled, abused, and menaced by its partisans for so doing whence\\nit has little reason to expect such assistance on another occasion.\\nThis border episode, sanguinary as it was, would have had\\nless significance but for the heat of local politics then existing.\\nThe disputes between the people through their Assemblymen\\nwith the Proprietaries, were reaching a culmination. The\\nadvent in the province in the previous autumn of a Governor of\\nPenn s name and blood had produced great hopes of a harmo-\\nnious government but it was soon found he came with family\\ninstructions as rigid as his predecessors and the popular disap-\\npointment was greater in proportion to the height upon which\\nfavorable hopes had been built. The outbreak of the Paxton\\nBoys showed the weakness of government, and afforded fresh\\nmaterial for the advocates of a change to employ in their argu-\\nments, and Franklin s Narrative made a lively picture of the\\nsituation as they apprehended it. Governor Penn proposed a\\nMilitia Bill, seeing the weakness of the province in self-defence,\\nand the Assembly framed one in which due regard was had to\\nthe nomination of officers by the companies, but the Governor\\nreturned the bill, as it did not clothe him with the sole power\\nof their appointment, and the bill was accordingly lost.*\\nRenewed dissensions on the supply bill arose upon the clause\\nwhich subjected the Proprietary lands to a modified taxation,\\nwhich the Governor contended should be the maximum for\\nall their lands, whether improved or unimproved and the finan-\\ncial necessities of the province were such that the Assembly\\nfinally yielded the point, but in great wrath. Convinced that\\n^In September, 1764, under the name of Veritas Franklin wrote his Remarks\\non a particular militia bill rejected by the Proprietor s Deputy, or Governor. Bigelow\\nill. 304.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennyslvania. 437\\nnothing now was left but to seek a change of government, from\\nProprietary to Royal administration, the majority, on 24 March,\\n1764, passed a resolution of adjournment,\\nin order to consult their Constituents, whether an humble address should\\nbe drawn up, and transmitted to his Majesty, praying, that he would be\\ngraciously pleased to take the People of this Province under his immediate\\nProtection and Government, by compleating the Agreement heretofore\\nmade with the first Proprietary for the Sale of the Government to the Crown,\\nor otherwise as to his Wisdom and Goodness shall seem meet,\\nand took a recess until 14 May. On 12 April Franklin issued\\nhis Cool Thoughts.\\nThe response from their constituency confirmed the majority\\nin their attitude and reassembling on 14 May, they proceeded to\\nput in form a Petition to the King for changing the Proprietary\\nGovernment of Pennsylvania into a Royal Government, and\\non 24 May John Dickinson made his celebrated speech in oppo-\\nsition to the measure, the publication of which shortly after-\\nwards brought Provost Smith into participation in the contro-\\nversy, and Joseph Galloway at once responded to it in a speech\\nwhich was also published. On the next day the Petition was\\nordered to be transcribed,^ in order to be signed by the Speaker\\non the day following Isaac Norris, the Speaker, waived his\\nsignature to the Petition by resigning, when Franklin was\\nelected in his place, and gave his official signature to it^\u00c2\u00b0 Both\\nNorris and Dickinson had been with Franklin opponents to the\\nexactions and demands of the Proprietaries and hoped for some\\nother government, but could not advance with him so far as to\\nseek as a substitute a royal government. On 6 June, the day\\nProvost Smith arrived in Philadelphia from his collecting tour,\\nsome of the Proprietary friends applied to Mr. Dickinson for a\\nThe vote was twenty-seven to three.\\n8 Drawn by Franklin. Bigelow iii. 303.\\n^Joseph Richardson, Isaac Saunders and John Montgomery, were the only\\nmembers to vote with Dickinson affirmatively on his resolution to adjourn the sub-\\nject another day.\\n1 Benjamin Franklin, Esq., was accordingly chosen speaker, and in the\\nafternoon of the same day, signed the petition, as one of his first acts an act which\\nbut posterity will best be able to give it a name Smith s Preface, vii., to Dickin-\\nson s speech printed by William Bradford, 1764.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "438 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ncopy of his speech, persuaded that the pubHcation thereof\\nwould be of great utihty and give general satisfaction. But the\\nspeech needed the aid of another pen, and Dr. Smith was at\\nonce asked to write a preface to it. No man in the colonies\\nwas deemed so apt and able to take the other side in any con-\\ntroversy in which Franklin was engaged as was the Provost of\\nthe College even the influential and capable legislator, Dick-\\ninson, now sought his fluent pen, and he was ready to respond.\\nFresh from successes at home, and with grateful memories of\\nhis treatment by the Penns, he would naturally warm to this\\nwork and apply his ready skill to the attack of any attempt\\nwhich sought to destroy the proprietary interest and rule. It is\\none of his best political papers, but evidently written in haste.\\nIts publication at once brought to the press Galloway s speech,\\nwhich was in turn preceded by a Preface, the author being\\nFranklin himself. Dr. Smith s Preface to Dickinson s speech\\nwas sufficiently open to his corrections and criticisms, and we\\nhave one of the clearest and most pungent of his political\\narticles knowing who Dickinson s sponsor was, he sought\\noccasion under cover of Galloway s speech to answer him and\\nmeet his statements and insinuations, and to present to the\\nreader a historic account of the more recent controversies\\nbetween the Governors and the Assembly,^^ in which no Penn-\\nsylvanian was better informed than he.\\nIt has long been observed, that Men are, with that Party, Angels or Demons,\\njust as they happen to concur with or oppose their Measures, and I mention it for the\\ncomfort of old Sinners, that in Politics, as well as in Religion, Repentance and\\nAmendment, though late, shall obtain Forgiveness and procure Favor. Then\\nmight all your political offences be done away, and your scarlet Sins become as Snow\\nand Wool then might you end your Course with (Proprietary) Honor. P[eters]\\nshould preach your Funeral Sermon, and S[mith] the Poisoner of other characters,\\nembalm your Memory. Preface, xxiv. to Galloway s speech printed by W. Dun-\\nlap, 1764.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 439\\nLXXI.\\nNothing was now left but to await the results of the\\nautumn elections, by which either of the great parties hoped to\\nattain the ascendancy. A crisis had been reached in provincial\\naffairs, and the issues must be decided. In the city the Proprie-\\ntary party had gained some allies, from varying causes. All\\nthose who sympathized with the principles (or want of princi-\\nples) of the Paxton Boys were now antagonistic to Franklin and\\nothers who had cried aloud for the suppression of their crimes.^\\nThe influential Presbyterians were now united in sentiment\\nagainst a change of government, rather willing to bear with\\npresent ills than open the door for a change to a Royal govern-\\nment which might involve even the greater influence of Episco-\\npacy than was now represented by the Penns. Both the Vice-\\nProvost, Alison, and Professor Ewing, had joined with Gilbert\\nTennent in a Circular Letter on 30 March to their friends\\nThe Presbyterians here, upon mature deliberation, are of opinion,\\nthat it is not safe to do things of such importance rashly. Our privileges\\nby those means may be greatly abridged, but will never be enlarged. We\\nare under the King s protection now, as much as we can be, for he will never\\ngovern us in person; and it is of no great consequence whether his deputy\\nbe recommended by the Proprietaries, or by some other great man by his\\nMajesty s approbation. Our charter is in danger by such a change, and\\nlet no man persuade you to the contrary.^\\nThe reference to some other great man conveyed an inti-\\nmation of the fear many cultivated that Franklin was seeking\\nunder cover of a change of charter his own personal advance-\\nment certain it maybe that had the change been consummated\\nand had the new Master, the King, sought to make the most\\nprominent citizen the Governor of the Province, that officer\\nwould have been Franklin. A man whose rare power of influ-\\n1 My very zeal in opposing the murderers, and supporting the authority of\\nGovernment, and even my humanity with regard to the innocent Indians under our\\nprotection, were mustered among my offences, to stir up against me those religious\\nbigots, who are of all savages the most brutish. Remarks. Bigelow iii. 361.\\nSparks vii. 282.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "440 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nencing people was without its equal in the Province, and whose\\npen was feared if not respected by all, could only have arisen to\\nthis prominence from unworthy motives, many said and for\\nthem to impute to him now sinister designs for his aggrandize-\\nment was to be expected. In the heats of party strife, suspicions\\nas to another s motives may be fused in one s imagination only.\\nThe elections took place, and Franklin, after having received\\nfourteen consecutive elections to the Assembly, being honored\\nwith them during his six years residence abroad,^ was now\\ndefeated, but only by a minority of twenty-five out of a total\\nvote of four thousand. However, the elections generally assured\\na continued majority in the Assembly opposed to Proprietary\\nrule, and so soon as it convened in October, he was appointed\\nto embark immediately for Great Britain to join with and assist\\nthe present agent in transacting the affairs of this Province for\\nthe ensuing year, and to bear their petition for a change of\\ngovernment. This turn of affairs, so unlooked for, gave much\\nchagrin to the Proprietary party. Instead of committing him to\\nprivate life at the public election as they hoped, he was now\\nraised to a position of imminent danger to them. Great excite-\\nment prevailed. The elation of the popular party at this happy\\nstroke of policy intensified the disappointment of the other side\\nbut these latter were powerless to thwart the appointment and\\ncould only vent their thoughts in a Protest against the appoint-\\nment of the person proposed as an agent of the Province,\\nwhich paper bears the marks of Dr. Smith s authorship but\\nonly ten members of the Assembly signed it, including Thomas\\nWilling and George Bryan who had just been elected in the place\\nof Franklin and his associate Samuel Rhoads. The appointment\\nwas made on 26 October Franklin at once prepared to fulfill\\nhis mission. There being no funds in the treasury to assure him\\nof the payment of his expenses, the deficiency was to be pro-\\nIn none of the fourteen elections you mention did I ever appear as a can-\\ndidate. I never did, directly or indirectly, solicit any man s votes. For six of the\\nyears in which I was annually chosen, I was absent, residing in England. Remarks.\\nBigelow iii. 361.\\nPettna. Gazette, I November, 1764.\\n5 Smith i. 344-587-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 441\\nvided for in the next bill prepared by the House for raising-\\nmoney to defray the public debt. But Franklin writes his\\nnephew, Jonathan Williams, The merchants here in two hours\\nsubscribed eleven hundred pounds to be lent the public for the\\ncharges of my voyage. I shall take with me but a part of it,\\nfive hundred pounds sterling.\\nThe Protest was not received by the House, and found no\\nentry in the Minutes, and its signers proceeded to publish it/\\nThis called out, two days before his sailing, his Remarks on a\\nlate Protest against the appointment of Mr. Franklin as agent for\\nthe Province of Pennsylvania, one of his ablest and most caustic\\npapers, as the structure of the Protest and its charges afforded\\nhim some strong points for his criticism and invective. One of\\nthe opening paragraphs has a personal reference in it which\\nshould bear quotation in this connection.\\nAnother of your reasons is that I am, as you are informed, very\\nunfavorably thought of by several of his Majesty s ministers I apprehend,\\nGentlemen that your informer is mistaken He indeed has taken great pains\\nto give unfavorable impressions of me, and perhaps may flatter himself that\\nit is impossible so much true industry should be totally without effect. His\\nlong success in maiming or murdering all the reputations that stand in his\\nway (which has been the dear delight and constant employment of his life)\\nmay likewise have given him some just ground for confidence, that he has,\\nas they call it, done for me, among the rest. But, as I said before, I\\nbelieve he is mistaken.^\\nHe evidently had no doubt as to the authorship of the\\nProtest.\\nHis concluding paragraph has a hidden prophecy of his\\nlong absence, and is pathetic in its expression, as more than ten\\nyears were passed in the pursuance of this vexatious mission, and\\nhis return was coincident with the new birth of his country, for\\n^3 November, 1764. Bigelow iii. 256.\\nI would observe that this mode of protesting by the minority, with a string of\\nreasons against the proceedings of the majority of the House of Assembly, is quite new\\namong us; the present is the second we have had of the kind, and both within a few\\nmonths. It is unknown to the practice of the House of Commons, or of any House\\nof Representatives in America that I ever heard of, and seems an affected imitation\\nof the Lords in Parliament, which can by no means become Assembly-men of America.\\nFranklin in his Remarks. Bigelow iii. 357.\\n^Bigelow iii. 358.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "442 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nhe was homeward bound on the ocean when the first blood of\\nthe Revolution was shed in April, 1775.\\nI am now to take leave (perhaps last leave) of the country I love,\\nand in which I have spent the greatest part of my life. Esto perpetua. I\\nwish every kind of prosperity to my friends; and I forgive my enemies.^\\nMore than a quarter of a century later Dr. Smith delivered\\nhis Eulogium on Dr. Franklin time had brought him to differ-\\nent conclusions on the struggles of 1764, for speaking of this\\nsecond mission of Franklin, he said\\nBut under whatsoever circumstances this second embassy was under-\\ntaken, it appears to have been a measure pre-ordained in the councils of\\nHeaven; and it will be forever remembered, to the honor of Pennsylvania,\\nthat the agent selected to assert and defend the rights of a single province,\\nat the Court of Great Britain, became the bold asserter of the rights of\\nAmerica in general; and beholding the fetters that were forged for her,\\nconceived the magnanimous thought of rending them asunder before they\\ncould be riveted.\\nBut two years ere this oration Dr. Smith had meted out to\\nDr. Franklin in the records of the College his due honor for its\\ncreation, when he as Secretary of the Trustees recorded in the\\nMinutes of their meeting which was held at Dr. Franklin s\\nhouse 9 March, 1789, for reorganization, the unanimous election\\nof the venerable Dr. Benjamin Franklin, the Father and one\\nof the first Founders of the Institution as President of the Board.\\nFranklin left Philadelphia on 7 November, and took ship at\\nChester, whither he was attended by a cavalcade of three hundred\\ncitizens.\\nIt was kind to favor me with their good company as far as they\\ncould. The affectionate leave taken of me by so many dear friends at\\nChester, was very endearing; God bless them and all Pennsylvania.\\nHe writes to his daughter from Reed Island the next nieht. He\\nBigelow iii. 370.\\nWorks, 1803, i. 61. He here quotes the Abbe Fauchet. Smith ii. 334.\\n1^ Yesterday B. Franklin, Esq., appointed an agent for this Province at the\\nCourt of Great Britain set out for Chester, in order to embark on board the King\\nof Prussia, Captain Robinson, for London, when he was accompanied by a great num-\\nber of the reputable inhabitants from both City and Country. Penna. Gazette, 8\\nMarch, 1764.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 443\\nhad a favorable passage of thirty days, and was in London on\\n10 December. Here we leave him in the furtherance of those\\nmeasures of hopeful conciliation, which, however, eventually\\nshaped themselves to the separation of the colonies, though when\\nhe entered on this present mission even his foresight could not\\napprehend such a political change which was of greater magni-\\ntude and promise than had been witnessed in the pohtical world\\nfor many ages. And in the meanwhile we must seek a portrayal\\nof the continued life and work of the College of his foundation,\\nwhich under other hands was to supply the community with well\\ntrained men who would thus be better fitted to become cit-\\nizens of the young Nation with whose birth and infancy the\\nname of Franklin will ever be inseparably coupled.\\nLXXII.\\nThe new buildings, the want of means for the completion\\nof which had been the moving cause for Dr. Smith s tour of\\nsolicitation in England and Ireland, had been completed and\\nwere in part occupied. But the institution was yet unable to\\nmake the lodgings therein entirely free. At the meeting of 14\\nJune, 1764, immediately upon Dr. Smith s return, he was joined\\nwith Messrs. Coxe, Willing and Strettell in a Committee to\\nconsider what could be done with the new Buildings, so that\\nthey may bring in an annual Revenue, agreeable to the Institu-\\ntion. Their report, a lengthy one, is entered on the Minutes\\nof 1 1 September. Some extracts from this may afford us a view\\n12 News of his arrival in England did not reach Philadelphia for three months.\\nPenna. Gazette, 14 March, 1765. Dr. Cadwalader Evans virrites him 15 March, the\\nmost agreeable news of your arrival in London occasioned a great and general\\njoy in Pennsylvania among those whose esteem an honest man would value most.\\nThe bells rang on that account till near midnight, and libations were poured out for\\nyour health, success, and every other happiness. Even your old friend Hugh Roberts\\nstayed with us till eleven o clock, which you know was a little out of his common\\nroad, and gave us many curious anecdotes within the compass of your forty years\\nacquaintance. Sparks vii. 283.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "444 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nof the designs of the Trustees for the accommodation of their\\npupils and of their endeavors to measure them by the limits of\\ntheir financial ability, as also some knowledge of the arrange-\\nments of the Buildings.\\nWith Respect to the Buildings, there are Sixteen lodging Rooms in\\nthe two upper Stories, which we think may contain about fifty Boys,\\nwithout being more crowded than in the Jersey College, which Dr Alison\\nand Mr Kinnersley have visited on purpose to gain the necessary infor-\\nmation.\\nThat we think the eight rooms in the second story may be charged at\\nsix pounds each room, and the eight rooms in the third story at five pounds\\neach, so that these two upper stories will produce a clear Rent of eighty\\neight Pounds per Annum, exclusive of a double room on the first floor for\\nthe Charity Boys, which at the same Rate is worth twelve Pounds per\\nannum. Of the three other Rooms on the first floor one is a Kitchen, the\\nother is a Dining Room and the third (where the Charity Girls are) should\\nbe left as a Store Room and as a Sitting Room for the use of the Steward,\\nas the Girls cannot either in Decency or Prudence be kept there after the\\nYouth are collected into a Collegiate Way of Life nor do we find that\\nthe Charity Girls are any way included in the original Plan of the Insti-\\ntution, nor were admitted into it, till the Month of December, 1753.\\nThat with Respect to the rest of the Qlconomy of the House, it is to\\nbe kept entirely on a separate Footing, and will be no expence to the\\nTrustees after the first Outset, nor any way mixt with their Accounts or\\nFunds. The Plan is as follows\\nThere must be a Steward, a Cook and an Assistant, who is also to be\\nBedmaker and to sweep the rooms. [After enumerating the various wages,\\nfrom the Steward down who was to have forty shillings per annum for each\\nBoy till they exceed the number of fifty, the report proceeds.]\\nIn Jersey s, the Commons, one year with another are from ^17 to\\n^18. In Philadelphia from the great Advantages of our Markets and\\nbuying in the Gross, we think our Commons will come as cheap, and then\\nthe whole annual Expence will be as follows to the Boys who live four in a\\nroom, viz:\\nTo Commons ^18.0.0\\nSteward 2.0.0\\nRoom Rent the highest i.io.o\\nWashing and Mending 2.12.0\\nServants Wages o.io.o\\nFirewood separate from the schools 0.15.0\\nWear of Kitchen Furniture and other Con-\\ntingencies 8.0 ^25.15.0", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 445\\nBut the economies had to be carried further. The funds of\\nthe institution had so narrowed, partly by the lessening value of\\nmoney, that closer calculations had now to be made than had\\never before been entered upon.\\nFourth. As to savings, we think the following may be made in the\\ngeneral plan, viz\\nWe commonly lay in eighty Cords of Wood, which with Hauling,\\nSawing c. is ^80\\nOf which the Scholars pay 6^. per annum at 150 boys 45\\nLoss by Firewood ^^35\\nSeventy Cords may serve us let every Boy pay for half a Cord, as is done\\nin every School in Town for Winter Firewood, and here we may\\nsave \u00c2\u00a33S\\nWe have had two writing Masters, one at sixty and one at seventy pounds\\nper annum whereas we well know that one has sufficiently done the\\nbusiness allow _;^io for extraordinary services, his salary will\\nbe \u00c2\u00a370\\nHere we may save _;^6o\\nLet the Master of the Mathematical School be for some years (as now) an\\nunmarried Man, and an hundred pounds will be an honorable support\\nto him whereas ^150 can hardly maintain a Family. Here we may\\nsave ^50. or at least we may save ^25\\nLet the Scholars, as is usual in all Schools and Colleges, pay for their\\nQuills, Ink, broken glass, and for a servant to ring the Bell and make\\ntheir Fires, we will save \u00c2\u00a32-2\\nThe Rent of the new College may be 88\\nSavings ^230\\nThis sum may be saved without any Debate or ground of uneasiness.\\nA School for Girls was never a part of our original Plan, it is unbe-\\ncoming and indecent to have Girls among our Students it is a Reproach\\nto our Institution, and were our Friends able to support them, as they are\\nnot, they should be removed to another part of the City.\\nThis school removed you will save by the House for the Mistress and the\\nSchool ^15\\nBy Firewood for her and them 10\\nBy her Wages 45\\nBy Wages to her Assistant when she has one 10\\n\u00c2\u00a3^0\\nAdd ^230\\nSum Total may be saved ,^310\\nEqual to ^5180 added to our present Stock.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "446 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nSixth. As to the Boys Charity School, we think many of them are\\ntaken in too young, and many of them kept too long, and also that their\\nNumber has exceeded the original Intention, and many Persons, who are\\nnot entitled to charity, send their children to that School all of which we\\nare of opinion should be regulated.\\nThe beginnings were now made to sever the College from\\nthe Charity Schools, which latter had been so popular a feature\\nof the institution at its inception. But at the next meeting, on 9\\nOctober, Messrs. Coxe and Strettell reported\\nthey had perused the Minutes and consulted some of the Members\\nconcerned in the original plan of this Institution and are of opinion that it\\nwas part of the said plan to educate thirty poor girls besides having a\\nschool for poor boys, [and the Trustees agreed] that the Girls school should\\nbe continued limited to that Number and that no girls be admitted into\\nit for the future otherwise than by a special order of the Trustees at their\\nusual meetings. But it is judged convenient to remove the Girls School as\\nsoon as possible to a proper Distance from the College.\\nBut the Charity Schools could only be maintained by the\\npublic generosity Mr. Whitefield s sermon in the previous\\nOctober, which drew a handsome sum, was supplemented on\\n10 April following by the performance in the College Hall of\\na solemn Entertainment of Music, under the Direction of Mr Bremner,\\ninterspersed with Orations by some of the young Students. The whole was\\nconducted with great Order and Decorum, to the satisfaction of a polite and\\nnumerous audience by which near one Hundred and Thirty Pounds was\\nraised for the Benefit of the Charity Schools belonging to the said College.^\\nThe Trustees agreed to the committee s recommendations\\nrelative to the CEconomy and Management of the New Build-\\nings, subject to such Amendments and Regulations as future\\nCircumstances might render necessary, and they appointed Mr.\\nEbenezer Kinnersley, Steward.\\nApublic announcement of the readiness of the Buildings for oc-\\ncupants, for the waiting scholars were not at once attracted to them,\\nwas made in the Pe7insylvania Gazette of 3 i January, following\\nCollege of Philadelphia January 31, 1765\\nIt having been represented some years ago, to the Trustees of the\\nCollege, Academy and Charitable School of PJiiladelphia, that many per-\\nsons, at a Distance from the City, would more willingly send their Children\\n^Pennsylvania Gazette, 1 8 April, 1765.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 447\\nto this Seminary, if they could be lodged and boarded in a Collegiate\\nWay, under the immediate Care and Inspection of the Professors and\\nMasters by which it was hoped the Youth would make greater Proficiency\\nin their Studies, and the Expence be considerably less.\\nThe Trustees do, therefore, now give Notice, that a New Building is\\ncompletely finished as a Wing to the College, capable of accomodating\\nabout Sixty Students, and that the Rev Mr Ebenezer Kinnersley, one of\\nthe Professors, a Gentleman of regular and exemplary Life, hath under-\\ntaken the particular Management and Stewardship of the same. A Num-\\nber of the Senior Students and Scholars are now entered into this Building\\nand Parents residing at a Distance are hereby acquainted that their\\nChildren, being ten or elevefi Years of Age, or upwards will be admitted\\ninto it, and the Greatest Care taken of their Health, Morals and Education.\\nFor, besides the general Inspection committed to Mr Kituiersley, the\\nTrustees visit Qwexy Month the Provost, Vice Provost, and Professors will\\nalso take their weekly Turns in Visiting and the Ushers of the several\\nSchools lodge and board with the Youth in the said Building, to preserve\\nthe greater Decorum and Order. The plentiful and commodious Market,\\nwith which this City is blest, will give an opportunity of providing every\\nThing good in its Kind and as a regular Account of the whole will be\\nkept by Mr Kinnersley and (after Examination by the Trustees or Masters)\\nproportioned Quarterly among the Youth, without any other Charge than\\nthe prime Cost of Provisions and Firewood, with the stated Fees to the\\nSteward and Servants, it is hoped that the Youth will be accomodated in\\nthe most easy and reasonable Terms. But if there should be, nevertheless,\\nany Parents at a Distance, who may have any Person in Town, with whom\\nthey would particularly chuse to entrust their Children as private Lodgers,\\nit is not intended, by this public Plan, to prevent such Persons from\\nfollowing their own inclination in this Respect the Trustees being ever\\ndesirous so to manage the Institution, as that the greatest Good may be\\ndone thereby.\\nSome questions arising upon the powers and duties of Mr\\nKinnersley in this government of the collegiate family he\\nsolicited from the Trustees an explanation and definition of these,\\nand at their meeting of ig November, 1765, they\\nthink it necessary in general to declare, that as they cannot, without\\nfurther Trial, frame Rules that may provide against all possible cases, it\\nwas their Intention to give Mr Kinnersley all the Powers necessary for pre-\\nserving good Order among the Youth in the said Buildings and that he\\nmay and ought in ordinary Cases to exercise such Discretionary Authority\\nas a Father would in the government of his own Family and in difficult\\ncases to take the Advice and Assistance of the Faculty of Masters, or to\\nconsult the Trustees when the case may require it.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "448 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nTo get some light on the mode of hfe in the New Buildings\\nand the needful Regulations governing the students, we have to\\nawait the proceedings of the Trustees for more than four years,\\nand it is not until the meeting of 17 October, 1767, that we find\\nany reference to the Collegiate way of living of the under-\\ngraduates. The minute recites the oeconomy and manage-\\nment of the New Buildings to be taken into Consideration at\\nnext meeting, complaint having been made that sufficient care\\nwas not taken to keep the younger part of the Lodgers clean\\nand Dr. Shippen and Mr. Inglis are appointed to inquire into\\nthe Complaints, but these gentlemen s report thereon was\\nnot ready before the meeting of 15 December, 1767, when it\\nwas submitted as follows, presenting a curious picture of the\\npersonal habits of the lads\\nThey have visited the Lodgers and Apartments in the new Buildings,\\nand had read the original Regulations made for their Management\\nand Government, from which it appears, that the care of the Boys with\\nrespect to their Linnen, Combing their Heads and other matters, in which\\nthe younger part of them could not be trusted to themselves, had always\\nbeen considered as part of the Steward s Duty, for the Allowance made to\\nHim. And that Mr Kinnersley had assured them that he had always taken\\ncare to see that their Chambers were kept clean, and that Mrs Kinnersley\\nsends for the smaller Boys twice every Week to have their Heads combed,\\nand that every Monday they are ordered to bring their dirty Linnen to her,\\nwith a List of them, to be given out to be washed, and that she receives them\\nback according to the list. They report further that on visiting the Rooms,\\nthey found them clean, and the Provisions good that were intended for\\nthat Day s Dinner. And as Mr Kinnersley engages to continue his\\nutmost care in these matters, they think there can be no just ground for\\nComplaint.\\nThe readiness of Mr. Kinnersley, and his willingness, to\\nserve the College in all practical matters as well as professional,\\nled the Trustees often to make use of his abilities in this way.\\nAnd for the attendance and service of a Negro of his in the\\naffairs of the Buildings, he had been compensated to the extent\\nof;^i2 per annum, which arrangement had begun as early as\\nApril, 1767 he was thus probably the only slave-holding mem-\\nber of the Faculty certainly the only one whose chattel was\\nfor a consideration in the employ of the College.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 449\\nLXXIII.\\nOn Dr. Smith s return in June, 1764, he found that the\\nplaces of four of the original Trustees had been filled. Messrs,\\nLeech, Strettell, and M Call had died, and Mr. Taylor had\\ndeparted out of this Province. In their places were elected\\nMr. Lynford Lardner, a councillor, Mr. Amos Strettell,^ Dr.\\nJohn Redman and Mr. Andrew Elliot.^\\nMr. Lardner was a native of England his sister Hannah\\nwas the wife of Richard Penn, and coming to America in 1740,\\nhe was made Councillor in 1755; and died in 1774 aged 59\\nyears,\\nMr. Strettell, the son of Robert Strettell, was born in\\nDublin in 1720, and came to America a lad; he died in 1780\\naged 59 years.\\nDr. John Redman was born in Philadelphia, 37 February,\\n1722, a descendant of one of the first settlers of the State.\\nAfter completing his classical education in the Rev. William\\nTennent s Academy, otherwise known as the Log College,\\nwhich was opened in 1735 by Tennent, pastor of the Neshaminy\\nChurch in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, where for some twenty\\nyears he continued to gather about him a body of choice young\\nmen and to train them for the service of the church and of\\nsociety f young Redman began the study of physic with Mr.\\nJohn Kearsley, a physician of high standing in Philadelphia. After\\nbeginning the practice of his profession he went to Bermuda\\nwhere he passed many years, and thence went to Europe, pass-\\ning a year at Edinburgh at the medical school, and another year\\nat Guy s Hospital, London, and also some time in Paris. He\\ntook his degree at the University of Leyden in 1748. On his\\nreturn soon after to his native city, he in a short time earned a\\nhigh reputation as a skilful physician and secured a profitable\\npractice the delicacy of his health prevented him practicing\\nsurgery for which he had prepared himself.\\n^8 June, 1762. 2 12 Dec, 1762. 3 wickersham, 453.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "450 HiSTORV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.\\nHe was elected one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania\\nHospital soon after its establishment, and became the first Presi-\\ndent of the College of Physicians. He was elected 14 Decem-\\nber, 1762, a Trustee of the Academy and College in the vacancy\\nmade by the death of Samuel M Call jr. and was retired in 1791.\\nHe was an active member of the Second Presbyterian Church\\nof which he was elected an elder in 1784. Having obtained a\\ncompetency from his profession, he gave up its active practice\\nin mid-life. His private life it is said was a picture of beauty, for\\nhe had a warm heart for all those connected with him by blood\\nor affinity, possessed with much humility, and faithful in all his\\nreligious duties, was of good sense and learning, and much\\nrespected by all. In his older years he clung to the habits and\\nthe customs of former years, and a picture of him in the Ridg-\\nway Library portrays him in his wig with more humor than\\ntruth and his quaintness was equalled by his sincerity.\\nOf his marriage, his two sons died in infancy of his two\\ndaughters one married in 1770, Daniel Coxe, of New Jersey,\\na member of the Council of that Province, and who continuing\\nan adherent of the Crown soon went to England, whither his\\nwife and children followed him in 1785, and Dr. Redman did\\nnot see her again until her return to America in 1807 with her\\nchildren. He did not long survive to enjoy this restored com-\\npanionship of his sole surviving child, and died on 19 March,\\n1808. He had the satisfaction of seeing his grandson Dr. John\\nRedman Coxe a Trustee of the University to which he was\\nelected in 1806.\\nAndrew Elliot was the son of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Lord Jus-\\ntice Clerk of Scotland, and the son-in-law of William Plumsted,\\na Trustee, but did not serve long, as he was commissioned, in\\nJanuary, 1764, Collector of Customs of New York, whither he\\nremoved and on 1 1 September following his trust was declared\\nvacant, and Governor Penn was elected to succeed him. After\\nthe Revolution he left New York, and died at his place near\\nEdinburgh, in 1787.\\nIt was in this month of September that Dr. Smith", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 45 1\\nattended a convention of the clergy of New Jersey, and\\nsome of their Brethren from New York and Pennsylvania, held\\nat Perth Amboy and presided at it, as he had at the Conven-\\ntions of the clergy held in Philadelphia in 1760 and 1761.^ His\\nactivities could not find their limits and these diversions as\\nthey may be termed from his duties in a collegiate way,\\nwhile bringing him in close association with his cotemporaries\\nmay have consumed time which the College might have claimed,\\nespecially after his long absence from it. The Convention at\\nPerth Amboy, of 1764, took some notice of charges preferred\\nagainst a missionary, the Rev. Andrew Morton, who had been\\na Tutor in the College from March, 1753, to October, 1759.^ It\\nwas at the close of the year 1764 that Dr. Smith met Colonel\\nBouquet on his return from his successful expedition against\\nthe Ohio Indians, and undertook to write for him an Historical\\nAccount ofit from the Journals and other papers which Bouquet\\nfurnished him for that purpose. This came from the press of Wil-\\nliam Bradford in 1765, and the title page bore on it. Published\\nfrom Authentic Documents, by a Lover of his Country l Many years\\nelapsed before the Author was known. The book was eagerly\\nsold, and in the year following a handsome quarto edition was\\npublished in London, and later it met with editions at Paris and\\nAmsterdam. Dr. Smith s Introduction added to the value of\\nthe work, as it made a very entertaining narrative of the Indian\\nwars immediately preceding the time of Bouquet s expedition,\\nand contributed to our Colonial history a chapter as interesting\\nas it was reliable. No one in the province, it was recognized, was\\nso capable of editing Bouquet s materials as Dr. Smith, whose\\nconstant interest in local politics had kept him well informed on\\nall subjects which affected the welfare of the community, whether\\nfrom within or from without.\\nAt this Convention Dr. Smith produced a plan of a corresponding society\\nin America agreed to by the Venerable Society in England, but as he said sent over to\\nthe clergy here for their opinion, which was also urged by the Rev. Mr. Auchmuty of\\nTrinity Church, New York, but proved unacceptable to the other clergy. Letter of\\nRev. Hugh Neill. Perry s Historical Collections ii. 304.\\nSmith, i. 384.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "452 HiSTORV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.\\nLXXIV.\\nIt has been seen that no Commencement was held in 1764\\nbut that of 1765 was made attractive and interesting. On 30\\nMay some of the Trustees and Faculty met for the purpose and\\nthe Trustees then proceeded to the public Hall and several more of their\\nBody at different Times attended during the Day. The Provost, Vice Pro-\\nvost and Professors, followed by the Candidates and Students entered next\\nin their proper Habits and at 10 o clock the Solemnity was begun by the\\nProvost, with part of the Church Prayers, and an occasional Prayer for the\\nKing, the Royal Family, the Benefactors of the College, for the whole\\nChurch of Christ and the Propagation of the Gospel and useful Science.\\nThere were seven graduates in course: Alexander Alex-\\nander, who had been a Tutor since January, 1764; Benjamin\\nAlison, son of the Vice-Provost John Andrews, of Maryland,\\nwho became Professor of Moral Philosophy in 1789 and died as\\nProvost in 1813 Thomas Dungan, appointed a Tutor in Janu-\\nary, 1764, who became Professor of Mathematics in 1766\\nJohn Patterson, who became Tutor at the same time James\\nSayres, a Scotchman by birth, who took orders in the Church of\\nEngland, received the degree of M. A. of Kings College in\\n1774, became Chaplain in De Lancey s Brigade, and died at\\nFairfield, Connecticut in 1798; and William White, the only\\nson of a Trustee, himself elected a Trustee in 1774, Treasurer\\nfor three years from October 1775, President of the Board\\nof Trustees in 1790 and 1791, and well known as the first\\nBishop of Pennsylvania, and the great organizer of the American\\nChurch upon its severance from the Church of England, whose\\nepiscopacy he brought hither in conjunction with Samuel Provost\\nof New York in 1787, and whose Liturgy in its adaptation to\\nthe new circumstances in which the Church now found itself,\\nWilliam Smith, the Provost of the College, had more influence\\nin shaping than any other of its ministry. The Provost and his\\nyoung pupil formed at College an acquaintance which ripened\\nThe venerable father of our Church, so terraed by Bishop Hobart in his\\nAddress to the New York Convention of 1826.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 453\\ninto a long friendship, and in the ecclesiastical claims of the\\ntimes which were now dawning upon them, William Smith\\nfound in William White a diligent and judicious colaborer, and\\nin personal matters a patient and considerate friend, one to whose\\nhands he finally committed his selected works for publication\\nwhen he found the end of his busy life approaching.\\nThe Degree of Master of Arts was conferred in course\\nupon the Rev. Samuel Keene of the class of 1759, on Messrs.\\nGrimes, Kinnersley, McHenry, Peters, and Yeates of 176 1,\\nCooke, Jones, Porter, and Watts of 1762, and Anderson, Davis,\\nJohnston, Lang, and Porter of 1763, Messrs. Huston, Ogden\\nand Waddell of 1761 and Hunt of 1763, applied too late for\\ntheir Degrees. But, as the Minute has it, the Mandate\\nbeing filled up, the Company waiting in the Hall, and no Time\\nto get a new Mandate written or signed by thirteen Trustees\\naccording to Charter, it was resolved that these gentlemen\\ncould not be admitted at this Time, and ought to have applied\\nsooner. The honorary degree of Master of Arts was conferred\\nupon the Rev. Nathaniel Evans,\\nalthough he had not received the previous degree of Bachelor, on account\\nof the interruption in his studies during the season which was spent in the\\ncounting house as a mark of their Attention and Regard to his promising\\nGenius and great merit;\\nand on Robert Strettell Jones, the son of Isaac Jones who\\nbecame a Trustee in 1771, and the grandson of Robert Strettell\\na Trustee.\\nDr. Smith records the events of the day in the Minutes,\\nand his narration of them is so interesting as to bear their\\nreproduction.\\nThe Forenoon s Exercises were: i. Salutatory oration, by Mr Alexan-\\nder. 2. Forensic Dispute, Whether the Planets be inhabited. 3. Verses\\non Science, written and spoken by Mr Evans. 4. A Syllogistic Dispute,\\nUtrum, Sublato Statu futuro, maneat satis firma ad Virtutem obligatio\\n5. The first part of Dr Morgan s inaugural Oration. The weather\\nbeing very warm, the remainder was adjourned to Friday Forenoon, May\\n2 Smith, i. 480. Minutes 3 May, 1765.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "454 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\n31st. After Prayer, this Day s Business proceeded as follows: i A For-\\nensic Dispute, Whether the present Situation of the Earth, or the inclina-\\ntion of its axis to the Plane of the Ecliptic, could be changed for the\\nbetter The Bachelors Degrees were conferred, as in the above List.\\n2, A Speech on the Beauty and Order of the Creation, by Mr William\\nWhite. The Masters Degrees conferred as in the above List and Mr Sayre\\nspoke the Salutatory Oration. 3. The Provost then delivered a speech, in\\nwhich he gave an interesting but brief account of the present state of the\\nInstitution and with becoming Gratitude, mentioned the Kind Patronage of\\nhis sacred Majesty, the hon ble Proprietors, the Archbishop of Canterbury,\\nand the noble Benefactions he had received in England, by which the Col-\\nlege is now placed on a more secure and lasting Foundation concluding\\nthe whole with an affectionate address to the young Gentlemen who had\\ntaken the Bachelors Degree. Dr Morgan then finished the Remainder of\\nhis learned and elaborate Oration and the whole Business was concluded\\nwith a Dialogue, Air, and Chorus suitable to the Occasion, the Dialogue\\nspoken by Mr R. Peters and Mr W. Kinnersley with great Propriety, and\\nthe air by Mr Bankson in the sweetest and most delicate manner. The\\nVice Provost dismissed the Audience with Prayers, and the young Gentle-\\nmen in their several parts of the Exercises did Honor to the Institution, the\\nwhole being conducted with the Utmost regularity and Ease, without the\\nleast confusion or Mistake.^\\nDr. Smith had desired the presence of the Rev. Mr. Whitfield\\nat this Commencement and invited him to preach a sermon on the\\noccasion, but his farewell sermon he had preached in St. Paul s\\nChurch on 22 May and on the 24th he left Philadelphia.*\\nHe had however, in writing on the 8th of this month to the Sec-\\nretary of the Propagation Society, used the following language:\\nMr. Whitfield is here, but will receive no invitation from us\\nto preach in our Churches, being determined to observe the same\\nconduct as when he was here in October last, which our super-\\niors in England have approved. But the Provost could rightly\\npursue a line of action with this great preacher in the building\\nwhose deed contained a proviso that he should preach there at\\nwill, different from that of a Church of England divine in admitting\\n^The Solo air on Peace was sung by Master Bankson of the junior Philosophy\\nClass with such an exquisite sweetness and Delicacy of Voice that the whole audi-\\nence was charmed with the Performance. Pennsylvania Gazette, 6 June, 1765.\\nPennsylvania Gazette. Smith, i. 363.\\nSmith, i. 384.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 455\\nhim within the bounds of his parish. The staunch Hugh Neill\\nfrom his rectory at Oxford wrote to the Society in October,\\n1764, of\\nthe powerful efiforts that Mr Whitfield is now making in Philadelphia and\\nplaces adjacent. St. Paul s, the College, and Presbyterian Meeting houses\\nwere open to him but the Salutary admonitions of His Grace of Canter-\\nbury to the Rector c of Christ Church and St Peter s has prevented his\\npreaching at this time in either of them.^\\nIt is a curious coincidence that this good missionary was\\nsucceeded in this Oxford cure sixteen months later by William\\nSmith, the Provost.^\\nLetter 18 October, 1764, in Perry s Historical Collection, W. t,6t,. Yet we\\nfind it in the year before Whitfield had preached in the Churches, and this per-\\nhaps had brought the admonition which led to the present inhibition. Dr. Peters\\nwrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury, 17 October, 1763, of the request his Church\\nWardens and others made of him to allow the great preacher in Christ Church, and\\nsaid, therefore after Mr. Whitfield has shown his regard to the Government by\\nwaiting on the Governor, and had paid me likewise a very kind and polite visit, I\\ninvited him to preach in the Old Church the first Sunday his health would permit, and\\nhe has preached four times in one or other of the Churches without any of his usual\\ncensures of the clergy and with a greater moderation of sentiment and I\\nam in hopes his stay will be attended rather with good than harm to the Churches.\\nii. 393-\\nI have in several late letters informed you that since Mr. Neill s departure\\nin October last, I have twice in three weeks supplied the Mission at Oxford in order\\nto prevent that old and respectable Mission from dwindling away, and as the act of\\nour Assembly which was made for selling the old and purchasing the new Glebe,\\nrequired that there should be a Minister to constitute a Vestry and do any legal act,\\nI was obliged last February to let the people nominate me their Minister in order\\nthat M e might proceed to get possession of the Glebe for the use of the church, and I\\naccordingly consented to supply them for one year, or till you appoint another, unless\\nso far as Mr. Peters indisposition might require my assistance in Town, which has\\nbeen but seldom till within these few weeks past. Letter i September, 1767. In\\nDr. Buchanan s Early History of Trinity Church, Oxford, 1 885. Dr. Buchanan\\nsays, he continued to officiate here, certainly till 1770, and, most probably, for\\nseveral years longer. p. 32.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "456 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLXXV.\\nThe commencement of 1766 was a notable one as it was the\\noccasion of the presentation of the Sargent Medal, already noted,\\nand as the news of the Repeal of the Stamp Act on 1 8 March had\\nreached the city but the day before. The deep interest taken by\\nall classes of the community in this unfortunate Act, which for\\nthe time seemed to unite all the better classes against an unjust\\nand unmerited tax, had stirred up the feelings of the people to a\\npitch of excitement and indeed anxiety which was without par-\\nallel in the history of Pennsylvania and its sister provinces.\\nEven those who afterwards held back from joining in the legit-\\nimate consequences of this malicious proceeding which nec-\\nessarily had led to a surrender by the government to colonial\\nclamor, thus opening the eyes of the colonists to their strength\\nif united, were all now of one mind with the most active and\\nrestless of those who foresaw that the connection with the home\\ncountry was being strained almost to rupture. Dr. Smith had\\nwritten on 18 December, 1765, to Dr. Tucker, the Dean of\\nGloucester, in the following decided language\\nWith regard to the Stamp Act, or any act of Parliament to take\\nmoney out of our pockets, otherwise than by our own representatives in our\\nColony legislatures, it will ever be looked upon so contrary to the faith of\\ncharters and the inherent rights of Englishmen, that amongst a people\\nplanted, and nursed, and educated in the high principles of liberty, it must\\nbe considered as a badge of disgrace, impeaching their loyalty, nay, their\\nvery brotherhood and affinity to Englishmen, and although a superior force\\nmay, and perhaps can, execute this among us, yet it will be with such an\\nalienation of the affections of a loyal people, and such a stagnation of Eng-\\nlish consumption among them, that the experiment can never be worth the\\nrisque.\\nThe citizens of Philadelphia united in the resolve to import no British goods,\\nand to resort to more frugal ways suitable to the self denying times, and it was in the\\nmidst of this that the aged Trustee of the College, William Plumsted, was buried at\\nSt. Peter s Church in August, 1765, by his directions without pall or mourning\\ndresses. Watson Annals, ii. 269.\\nSmith i. 385. Dr. Tucker, Dean of Gloucester, had publicly charged Dr.\\nFranklin with soliciting for himself or for a friend the post of Stamp Agent, and this\\nled to a demand from the latter for a retraction which was ungraciously given.\\nBigelowv. 2S5-292. Sparks i. 297 and iv. 516-525.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 457\\nThe seeds of an alienation of the affections of a loyal\\npeople were however planted, and had germinated ere the\\nRepeal had been effected. But no one could foresee at this\\njuncture the extent of the growth of this alienation, which could\\nhave but one legitimate political outcome, and this was reached\\nin a short decade. The excitement in the colonies was not\\nsufficiently weighed at home. Evil as the Stamp Act was in\\nprinciple and unjustifiable from every point of view, even\\nFranklin, who was in London and laboring for its repeal, had\\nbut little hopes of this latter for a long time, and fully expected\\nthe British Government to adhere to its position. After the pas-\\nsage^ of the Act he wrote on 1 1 July, 1765, to his friend Charles\\nThomson, his early colaborer in the Academy and College\\nThe tide was too strong against us. We might as well have\\nhindered the sun s setting. That we could not do. But since it is down,\\nmy friend, and it may be long before it rises again, let us make as good a\\nnight of it as we can. We may still light candles. Frugality and indus-\\ntry will go a great way towards indemnifying us. Idleness and pride tax\\nwith a heavier hand than kings and parliaments. If we can get rid of the\\nformer, we may easily bear the latter.\\nAbsent from his friends, he could not realize the force of\\nthe storm arising among them and their neighbors, which\\ncould only feebly be portrayed in correspondence but he was\\nface to face with the authorities in whom he saw no relenting,\\nand prudent man as he was he for a while accepted the\\ninevitable, and not only made the nomination of his friend\\nJohn Hughes as the Stamp distributer in Philadelphia, but\\nprepared to supply his partner in Philadelphia with stamped\\npaper at a considerable outlay.\\nEre, however, the 1st November came, on which date the\\nAct was to go in force, the popular storm came and reached\\nacross the Atlantic, and Franklin used its elements with effect.\\nHe wrote to Charles Thomson on 27 February, 1766\\nI have reprinted everything from America, that I thought might help\\n5 On 22 March, 1765.\\nBigelow iii. 400. See Mr. Bigelow s footnote on this interesting passage,\\np. 401 also Bancroft, Histoiy v. 306.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "458 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nour common cause. We at length, after a long and hard struggle, have\\ngained so much ground, that there is now little doubt the Stamp Act will\\nbe repealed.^\\nHe gathered this not only from the debates in Parliament\\nhe could recognize in the course of his famous examination a\\nfew days before this in the House of Commons that his replies\\nto their queries were having their effect on his auditors\\nThe promptness and pertinency with which he replied to every ques-\\ntion, the perfect knowledge of the subject manifested in his answers, his\\nenlarged and sound views of political and commercial affairs, and the bold-\\nness and candor with which he expressed his sentiments, excited the sur-\\nprise of his auditors, and were received with admiration by the public,\\nwhen the results of the examination appeared in print/\\nHappy indeed was the coincidence that the tidings of the\\nrepeal, in which he had so effectual a part, reached his adopted\\ncity in time for his partner to issue a supplement (though we of\\nto-day would call it an extra), copies of which were in the hands\\nof many of the auditors who attended the glad Commencement\\nof his College in 1766.\\nThe young graduates, whose Commencement Day had thus\\na historic significance, were Robert Andrews, Phineas Bond, son\\nof Dr. Phineas Bond, and afterwards British Consul in Philadel-\\nphia from 1 79 1 to 181 1, Samuel Boyd, Thomas Coombe, after-\\nwards taking orders in the Church of England,*^ and for a brief\\nperiod an assistant minister at Christ Church, Hans Hamilton,\\nThomas Hopkinson, also taking orders,^ John King, Richard\\nLee, John Montgomery, also in orders/ Thomas Read, David\\nBigelow iii. 457.\\n^Sparks iv. 161-198. Mr. Vaughan s Notes fix the date 13 February, Ben-\\njamin Franklin having passed through his examination, was excepted from farther\\nattendance.\\n17 October, 1771.\\n24 September, 1774.\\n^23 July, 1770. He settled in Maryland, and while Rector of Shrewsbury\\nParish, married Margaret the daughter of Hon. WaUer Dulany and niece of Hon.\\nDaniel Dulany. Not sympathizing with the Revolution, he went to England with his\\nfamily in 1778 and obtained a living in the Diocese of Hereford, subsequently\\nbecoming Vicar of Ledbury where he died in September, 1802, aged 55 years. From\\nhis daughter who married Rev. James Watts, M. A., who succeeded her father at\\nLedbury, descended her grandson, Rev. Robert Eyton, M. A., late Canon of\\nWestminster.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 459\\nSample, and James Tilghman, twelve in all. Montgomery and\\nRead accepted tutorships in the College. The Master s Degree\\nwas conferred on Ogden and Waddell of the class of 1761 and\\nthe honorary Master s Degree on Joseph Reed, Esq., of\\nTrenton, and Mr. James Wilson, one of the Tutors in this\\nCollege, in regard to their particular Learning and merit.\\nIt was at a previous meeting that Wilson had petitioned for this\\nhonor, and the Trustees had agreed to grant him the same in\\nconsideration of his Merit and his having had a regular Educa-\\ntion in the universities of Scotland. As Professor of English\\nLiterature in 1773, and the first Professor of Law in 1790, and\\nthus establishing for the University another claim for its larger\\ntitle, as Dr. Morgan had in 1768 in opening the Medical School\\nfirst developed the University idea, we shall learn more in the\\nprogress of our narrative of this eminent jurist and statesman.^\\nOf Joseph Reed, as President Reed, we shall with interest learn\\nmore of the man upon whom, in 1779, seemed to alight the\\nonus of breaking the College charter of 1775 yet when we\\nreach that period ample reason will be found to have at the time\\nappeared to many that some change was needed in its conduct,\\nand Reed from the executive chair was but the exponent of a\\nclass rather than a party in having to deal with a matter, the\\nonly cure for which they thought to lie in the substitution of a\\nnew charter for the old.\\n1\u00c2\u00b0 See Pennsylvania and the Federal Conslitution by Mr. McMaster and Dr.\\nStone, Philadelphia, 1888, p. 757 for a brief sketch of his life.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "460 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLXXVI.\\nOne of the Baclielors of 1763, Isaac Hunt, the son of\\nthe Rector of St. Michael s Church, Bridgetown, Barbadoes,\\nunsuccessfully applied for his Master s Degree, but his com-\\nplicity in\\nseveral scurrilous and scandalous Pieces, unworthy of a good man or Per-\\nson of Education; some of them highly reflecting on the Government of\\nthis Province, as well as on this College itself where he had received his\\nEducation and his former Benefactors in it; in proof of which the original\\ncopies of two Numbers of an infamous Publication, entitled Exercises in\\nScurrility Hall, were produced, with some of his own Handwriting in one\\nof them and it was also asserted that he had been concerned in the pub-\\nlication of several other Pieces of the like nature, as well as the Letter\\nfrom Transylvania, all which, the Printer of these Pieces, Mr Armbruster\\nwas ready to prove,\\nwere sufficient condemnation of his hopes. He was in waiting\\nin another room to hear the judgment of the Trustees, who\\ndeemed him at present unworthy of any further Honors in\\nthis Seminary, which Dr. Smith communicated to him, when\\nhe did not deny his having written the Letter from Transyl-\\nvania, nor his having made some corrections in some of the\\nExercises in Scurrility Hall, but that he was not the author of\\nany of them. Thus the father of Leigh Hunt lost his Master s\\nDegree in course in the Philadelphia College. Isaac Hunt and\\nBenjamin West married sisters, and both found their homes in\\nEngland. He took orders in the Church of England and was\\nordained 4 March, 1777.^\\n1 Hunt aspired to contest for the Sargent Medal and wrote to Dr. Frank-\\nlin, would be glad to be honored with your sentiments when you have read both\\nPerformances, which I propose sending you by the Packet. This much I would beg\\nleave to observe that I could not expect to receive Honors from Men to whom I am\\nso obnoxious. This is evident from the ill usage I have very lately received. Accord-\\ning to custom I made application for my Master s Degree, an Honor which I had\\nnot forfeited, and was therefore entitled to. The Trustees after sending for my Prin-\\nter, and strictly examining the poor ignorant Man with respect to the Political Pam-\\nphlets I had wrote, without hearing what I had to say, rejected my Application and\\nrefused to give me my Master s Degree. Tliere are no Honors for me, this Side the\\nWater unless your patriotic Endeavors for a change are crowned with success. Had\\nI not so great and sincere a Friend as you are, good Sir, I candidly confess that my\\nAmbition would have been greatly checked by this cruel Behavior\u00e2\u0080\u0094 :r\u00c2\u00abi?/ because it", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 461\\nBut it may be worth while to note how the exercises of\\nthis interesting Commencement were carried on. The Sol-\\nemnity was opened by the customary religious and loyal\\nservice. The local chronicler, the Pennsylvania Gazette, of 22\\nMay. recorded\\nit was rendered very splendid by the great Number of Persons present,\\nand many of the public exercises being happily adapted to the joyful\\nEvent, of which we had received the News the preceding Day.\\nMr. John King opened with an elegant salutatory oration in\\nLatin. Mr. Hans Hamilton followed with An Enghsh Ora-\\ntion. Then came A Syllogistic Disputation, Utrum Praescientia\\ndivina tollit Libertatem agendi. Then Mr. Montgomery and\\nMr. Hopkinson followed each with An English Oration.\\nThe afternoon session began with A Forensic Disputation,,\\nWhether Ease be the chief Good the question was opened and\\nstated by Mr. Thomas Read, who denied Ease to be the chief\\nGood. Mr. Richard Lee and Mr. Samuel Boyd, entertained the\\nAudience with many ingenious and specious Arguments on the\\naffirmative side which were ably answered by Mr. Robert\\nAndrews and Mr. Phineas Bond. And the Valedictory\\nOration was spoken by Mr. Thomas Coombe, who obtained\\nmuch applause by the Spirit of his Performance, Propriety of\\nAction and Grace of Elocution. Then came the delivery of\\nflows from the poisoning Fountain of Faction and Revenge. I am, worthy\\nsir, with great Faithfulness your affec. and obliged Ilble Servt, Isaac Hunt.\\nMS letter with American Philosophical Society. The title of his publication would\\nbut invite condemnation to the author by the Trustees, as follows: A Humble\\nAttempt at Scurrility. In Imitation of Those Great Masters of the Art the Rev. Dr.\\nS th the Rev. Dr. Al\u00e2\u0080\u0094 n; the Rev. Mr. Ew n the Irreverend D. J. D ve\\nand the Heroic J n D n, Esq.; Being a Full Answer to the Observations on Mr.:\\nH s s Advertisement. By Jack Retort, Student in Scurrility, Quilsylvania\\nPrinted, 1765. John Hughes had offered five pounds to the Pennsylvania Hospital\\nif certain charges against Franklin could be proven. His advertisement called out a\\nsevere attack on Franklin, to which Hunt s pamphlet was a reply. He thus, on the\\nother side from Hugh Williamson, had entered the lists of controversy, and met that\\npunishment which the other escaped. Bibliography of Franklin. Ford. 351.\\n2 A few years later Dr. Franklin wrote to young Coombe: That reputation\\nwhich you are acquiring as an Orator, gives me Pleasure as your Friend, and it will\\ngive you yourself the most solid Satisfaction, if you find this by your Eloquence yoa\\ncan turn many to Righteousness. Without that Effect, the preacher or the priest in\\nmy opinion, is not merely sounding Brass or a tinkling Cymbal, which are innocent\\nthings; he is rather like the Cunning Man in the Old Baily, who conjures and tells\\nFools their Fortunes, to cheat them of their Money. To Rev. Mr. Coombe, Lon-\\ndon, 22 July, 1774; draft with the American Philosophical Society.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "462 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nthe Prize Medal, already narrated. The last Exercise was a\\nDialogue in Honor of the Friends of America, and two Odes\\non Liberty and Patriotism. The Dialogue was spoken by Mr.\\nRichard Lee and Mr. Phineas Bond, and the Odes^ sung by the\\ntwo Master Banksons, accompanied by the Organ, and the whole\\nwas received with the utmost marks of Approbation from a\\ncandid audience. The Vice Provost concluded with Prayer,\\nand with a graceful reminder for the Charity Schools.\\nThe Provost having given notice that some of the Trustees would\\nattend at the Gates, to receive the free will offerings of pious and well dis-\\nposed Persons, for the use of the Charity Schools, about Forty Pounds\\nwere collected a great proof of the Generosity of the Public and their\\nreadiness to encourage this useful institution on all occasions.\\nThe sun was already declining in the western sky when the\\nparticipants in this day s doings in the College Hall wended\\ntheir homeward ways with the most pleasing reflections upon\\ntheir country and upon the College. The young men who this\\nday commenced their Life had upon them the brightest\\nharbinger of their country s welfare and happiness, yet the\\nshadows soon gathered and in a few years the classmates\\nfound themselves scattered and about equally placed on the\\nopposing sides in the great controversy. One of the odes com-\\nposed by young Hopkinson had an allusion to Col. Barre s visit\\non a former occasion to the College\\nNor let our Barre s worth be lost to Fame\\nBarre, who deigned to grace these humble Walls,\\nAnd listen partial to our Infant Strains;\\nWho joy d to see the Seeds of Sacred Truth\\nAnd Freedom, planted in a distant land;\\nNor yet forgets our Cause.*\\nThe fervor of the descriptions of the College Commence-\\nments in these early years as prepared by the Provost, and often\\nTwo odes written chiefly by one of the Candidates, Thomas Hopkinson, B\\nA. Penna. Gazette, 5 June, 1766.\\nCol. Barre while in America was pleased to be present at several of the\\nExercises in this College, when some of the gentlemen who received their Degrees\\non the present occasion, were very young, and making their first appearance as\\nspeakers. Penna. Gazette, 5 June, 1766.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 463\\npenned with his own hand in the Minutes, portray to us the\\nspirit of their performance, and as he was able to put on paper\\nsuch a picture of the present scene, we can reaHze what they\\nmust have been in influence and interest to those who partici-\\npated in them. His power of description was that of the pencil\\nof the painter, and though the Minutes record year by year the\\nlike story, yet each has its variety and its significance. One would\\nlike to record all of them here, but in print they would not con-\\nvey that living interest which the Minutes written in his own\\nclear and decided hand do, touched up as they may be with\\nsome interlineation which adds force to the tale. But none of\\nthe later Commencements can equal that of 1766, just described,\\nin interest, and we cannot suffer ourselves to linger over them,\\nwith however the single exception of that of 1768, which Dr.\\nSmith records may be considered as the Birth Day of Medical\\nHonors in America. Even he could not with his eyes of a\\nSeer predict what a great day this Commencement of 1768 was\\nto the College, and how fruitful this Birth Day of Medical\\nhonors was of reputation and dignity to the College in those\\nlong after years for which he was doing his share in erecting\\nthe edifice.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "464 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLXXVII.\\nThe year 1766 closed with the purchase by the Trustees of\\nMr. Dove s houses on Fourth Street and the adjoining Arch\\nStreet Lot, which now made their frontage on Fourth Street\\ntwo hundred and eighty-four feet, and one hundred and ninety-\\neight feet on Arch Street. These had been purchased by him\\nin I753\u00c2\u00bb ^t the time the Trustees added materially to their\\npremises, and negotiations to secure them were opened in 1765,\\nbut the uncertainty of public affairs and indeed of all private\\nconcerns due to the excitement caused by the Stamp Act broke\\nthese off; the delay was fortunate for the Trustees in that they\\nwere finally enabled to secure the properties at their own price.\\nHaving at the close of 1765 rented out their vacant Arch Street\\nand Fourth Street lots for any Term not exceeding Seven\\nYears on the best Yearly rents they can obtain, they were\\nthus enabled to meet their interest charges on this new pur-\\nchase.\\nDr. Smith continued to respond to requests for his sermons,\\nfor no one in this or the adjoining Provinces excelled him in\\npulpit reputation. On 10 April of this year he preached a\\nsuitable sermon in Burlington, New Jersey, at the funeral of\\nthe Rev. Colin Campbell, many years a Missionary there. And\\non 2 September we find him^ preaching in Trinity Church, New\\nYork, an excellent sermon on the occasion of the induction\\nof his friend Rev. Samuel Auchmuty to the Rectorship of the\\nparish, and again in the afternoon at St, George s Church.^\\nIt was in this year, as we have seen, he assumed the Rec-\\ntorship of Trinity Church, Oxford.^ He appears to have remained\\nthe incumbent of this parish for at least five years, for on 3 May,\\n1 77 1, he writes to the Propagation Society\\n^Fenna. Gazette, 14 April, 1766.\\nNew York Mercury, 3 September, 1766.\\nIn the following year we find him taking Dr. Peters duties at Christ Church.\\nHe writes to Thomas Penn 23 August, 1767 Mr. Peters is in a very low state and\\nI have been obliged to preach for him for some time past, and on 26th, Mr. Peters\\nis got a little better since my last, but not yet able to do any duty.\\nSmith i. 406, 407.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 465\\nI have great pleasure in going to preach among them and in Sum-\\nmer particularly. The people seem more desirous than ever of\\nmy continuance to officiate among them, and as it is at present a pleasure\\nto me independent of some benefit it is to my large family, I must rely on\\nyour goodness that there be no alteration made without the concurrence of\\nthe people and myself, a request which, from my long services to the\\nChurch in America, I hope the Society will think me entitled to make.\\nEarly in this year we see the first evidences of that desire\\nfor the acquisition of lands, which, by degrees, made a feature in\\nhis character and history, His biographer tells us that in Sep-\\ntember he purchased a tract of land on the Juniata River, at the\\nmouth of the Standing Stone Creek, which he laid out in lots\\nand called Huntingdon, and this soon became one of the most\\nflourishing Boroughs in Pennsylvania. This was no uncommon\\nattraction to the active men of the day, and Dr. Smith was not\\nsingular in making such hopeful investments. The allayment of\\nthe Stamp Act controversy by the repeal of the Bill produced\\nthe most sanguine thoughts in the minds of those more adven-\\nturous as to the future of the country, and to become posses-\\nsors of tracts of lands which would surely rise in value ere many\\nyears was both a reasonable and natural attraction to many.\\nHowever, in many^cases, loss was the result more than gain, and\\nthe years of Revolution when there was no market for idle\\nacres brought many holders of such to penury and want.\\n5 Smith i. 462.\\n^Ibid, 391. He wrote 13 January, 1766,10 Sir William Johnson: Mr.\\nBarton who is a very valuable man, informed me that you had recommended him for a\\ngrant of some Lands from your Government, and he generously offered me to share\\nwith him. If, by your goodness, anything would be done this way, or any Tract\\nworth recommending, I believe I have interest enough in England, and perhaps also\\nin New York, to make it effectual. We find Dr. Smith writing to the Secretary of\\nthe Propagation Society, 10 August, 1769, I do not expect to be in Town as our\\nCollege vacation begins next Monday and I cannot deny myself my annual ramble\\ntowards the frontiers of this Province. Perry s Historical Collections ii. 443.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "466 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLXXVIII.\\nThe Commencement of 1767 was not held until 17 Novem-\\nber; the reason for the delay, however, is not stated in the record.\\n10 November had been appointed and eight days more being\\njudged necessary to prepare the students, it is put off till next\\nTuesday. The six graduates were Jacob Bankson, who spoke\\nthe Salutatory Oration James Cannon, a native of Edinburgh,\\nwho became professorof Mathematics in 1773 Francis Johnston,\\nafterwards Colonel of a Pennsylvania Regiment in the Revolu-\\ntion, and Receiver General of the Pennsylvania Land Office from\\n1781-1800; John White Swift, the Valedictorian; Edward\\nTilghman, a native of Maryland, afterwards a leading lawyer at\\nthe Philadelphia Bar and Joshua Maddox Wallace, a grandson\\nof Joshua Maddox the Trustee who had died eight years before\\nyoung Wallace shortly became a tutor in the College.^ Alison,\\nAndrews, Dungan, Patterson and White of the class of 1765,\\nwere made Masters in course. The honorary degree of Bach-\\nelor of Arts was conferred on Joseph Hutchins, of Barbadoes,\\nformerly a student in this College. But the great achievement\\nof the occasion was conferring the honorary Master s Degree\\non Mr. David Rittenhouse, of Norriton, in this County,^ on\\naccount of his great Knowledge in Mechanics, Mathematics,\\nAstronomy and other liberals arts. The Provost s remarks\\nwhen admitting him to the Degree, he enters on the minutes\\nThe Trustees of this College (the Faculty of Professors cheerfully\\nconcurring) being ever desirous to distinguish real merit, especially in the\\nAn elegant Dialogue written in verse by Thomas Coombe, B. A., was also\\nspoken on this occasion and an ode set to Music was sung by Master John Bankson,\\nwith great sweetness and propriety, accompanied by the Organ, under the conduct of\\na worthy son of the College (viz: Mr. Hopkinson) who has often shown his Regard\\nto the Place of his Education, by honoring it on pubHc occasions with his ready\\nservice. The Band belonging to the i8th or Royal Irish Regiment, was kindly per-\\nmitted by Col. Wilkins to perform the Instrumental Part of the Music. Minutes.\\nFrancis Hopkinson, Samuel Powel, and Hon. James Hamilton had arrived home on\\n23 October in the Pennsylvania Packet. Pennsylvania Gazette, 29 October, 1767.\\nMr. Coombe s Dialogue in Verse was published in the Pennsylvania Gazette of 26\\nNovember.\\nNorristown This portion of Philadelphia County was afterwards set oft\\nas Montgomery County.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 467\\nnatives of this Province, and well assured of the extraordinary Progress\\nand Improvement which you have made by a Felicity of natural Genius,\\nin Mechanics, Mathematics, Astronomy and other liberal Arts and Sciences;\\nall which you have adorned by singular Modesty and irreproachable Morals,\\nhave authorised and required me to admit you to the honorary Degree of\\nMaster of Arts in this Seminary.\\nOf this justly distinguished man, whose talent for the\\ninvestigation of the mysteries of creation was developed with\\nsuch industry and skill, we shall learn more in the progress of\\nour present journey, as the institution was honored in his various\\nconnections with it he was made Professor of Astronomy in\\n1779, and was a Trustee from 1784 to 1796. The mortality\\namong the college men this year was remarkable Dr. Smith s\\npupil and young friend, the Rev. Nathaniel Evans, had died on\\n29 October, having borne the honors of the College but two\\nyears Paul Jackson, an early Tutor and one of the first Profes-\\nsors, died at Chester on 22 October; and on 30 June, Professor\\nBeveridge, the eccentric but faithful preceptor, had died.^ The\\ndeath of Evans must have cast a shadow over this Commence-\\nment, for his early genius and his winning manners had drawn\\nto him the affection of many and the esteem of all.\\nThe learning of Beveridge was undoubted, but in discipline\\nhe was very lax and it is doubtful whether the pupils of the\\nLatin School made that progress which was expected. How-\\never this may be, the regard held for him by the Provost was\\noften shown by his aid in upholding his proper influence with\\nhis classes. In January, 1761, he had appealed to the Trustees\\nthat he was under great Difficulties in the Discharge of his\\nDuty, for want of a proper Sett of Rules for the Government of\\nthe Latin School, and likewise for want of a proper Grammar,\\nwhich led the Trustees to an entire review of the Rules of the\\nCollege. But the cure promised in these did not reach the case\\nthe Minutes record it had been observed about that Time that\\nthe Discipline and good order which had been kept up in the\\nLatin School, before Dr. Alison leaving it, were somewhat\\nrelaxed, and in September the Vice-Provost was asked to\\n^Pennsylvania Gazette^ 5 November, I October, 2 July, 1767.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "468 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nresume its care and oversight in the hope that justice might\\nnow be done to the great number of Scholars which had of late\\nentered that School, at which Mr. Beveridge expressed great\\nSatisfaction with the care the Trustees had taken to engage Dr.\\nAlison s assistance.^ As to the Latin Grammar, Mr. Peters\\nand Mr. Stedman were appointed a Committee to confer with\\nthe Members of Faculty, and with them to settle a good Latin\\nGrammar^ in order to be forthwith printed for the use of the\\nLatin School. This resulted in the Grammar printed by Steuart,\\nwhose typographical errors afforded Hopkinson so much merri-\\nment as to lead him to publish his key to it, and thus give\\nunconscious offence to both Alison and Beveridge, which harm-\\nless humor shut him out from any share in the Commencement\\nexercises of 1763, as narrated by Dr. Peters in his letter to the\\nProvost already quoted. Beveridge s want of care was the\\ncause of this had Dr. Alison been as careful in details as Dr.\\nSmith, the book would have had his own careful supervision and\\nwould not have appeared from Steuart s press in the form which\\ninvited Hopkinson s ridicule.^ At this time there were reported\\neighty-four boys in the Latin School. Upon Mr. Beveridge s\\ndeath some difficulty existed in finding a successor to him\\nthe Trustees met the same day, showed their regard for him by\\nbearing his funeral charges, and proposed to advertise for a suc-\\ncessor. Young Wallace, soon after his graduation in the fol-\\nlowing November, offered himself, and in December entered\\nupon three Months trial in the Latin School and if\\nnot then appointed Chief Master, to have the common Salary of\\nan Usher if he should chuse to continue longer. But search\\nwas continued for another, and it was recommended to Mr.\\nPeters and such other Trustees as should meet the Maryland\\nCommissioners at Christiana Bridge, to take that opportunity of\\nMinutes 13 January, 8 September, 1761, 24 March, 1763.\\n*Ibid 13 January, 1761.\\nDr. Alison and Mr. Beveridge now acquainted the Trustees that it\\nwas printed by Mr. Steuart under their Inspection and Correction of the Press and he\\nhad delivered to them five hundred copies for which they had agreed to give him\\naccording to his Bill. Minutes, 9 November, 1762.\\nMinutes, 9 December, 1767.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 469\\nenquiring of Mr. James Davidson, Master of the School at New-\\nark. At the February meeting following these gentlemen\\nreported their engagement of Mr. Davidson at a Salary of Two\\nHundred Pounds, he taking the house, one of the Dove pur-\\nchases, Mrs. Child lived in at the rate of Thirty Pounds per\\nannum to be accounted as part of the said Yearly salary. Mr.\\nDavidson continued in his Professorship until the abrogation of\\nthe Charter in 1779, and in the revived institution he held the\\nchair from 1782 to 1806.\\nLXXIX.\\nThe Latin School appeared to attract the greater solicitude\\nof the Trustees, and the best assistance was sought for its Master.\\nLate in 1761, it is recorded that Mr. Polock a young man\\nlately came from Ireland had been employed for some time upon\\nTrial as a Latin Usher and appeared to be well qualified and\\ndiligent. He continued in service only to June, 1762, as he\\nintends going to keep a school in New England. In his place,\\nyoung Watts, then in his Senior year was chosen Usher in his\\nroom. Patrick Alison had been Usher since the summer of\\n1760; more than once he applied for increase of salary, and\\nfinally in the spring of 1763 gave Notice that his affairs would\\nnot permit him to continue longer in their service than the ensu-\\ning Commencement when on Dr. Alison s recommendation,\\nyoung Lang, a Senior, was chosen in his place. Mr. Watts did\\nnot remain longer than July, 1763, and Lang not later than\\nJanuary, 1764; the latter repented and applied in February to\\nbe admitted again as Tutor but all were of opinion that as he\\nleft the Trustees service abruptly he should not be employed\\nagain. John Davis, a tutor in the Enghsh school, was on 12\\n^Minutes I o November, 1761. ^ibid, il May, 1762.\\nIbid, 14 February, 1764.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "4/0 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nJuly, 1763, two months after his graduation, admitted a Tutor\\nin the Latin School. But the following May found him\\nacquainting the Trustees that his affairs require him to leave\\ntheir service. He was succeeded by John Andrews, of the\\nSenior Class, who in later years became the head of the institu-\\ntion he, in turn, applied to the Trustees in July, 1765, and\\nobtained leave to remove to take charge of a school at Lan-\\ncaster. Dungan, his classmate, a tutor in the English school,\\nsucceeded him in the Latin School. Robert Eaton, recom-\\nmended by Mr. Powell the Master of the School at Burlington\\nwhom he had served as a Latin assistant, was chosen in February,\\n1764, in the place made vacant by Lang. Mr. Peters had\\nexamined this young man and reported that he had but in part\\nexamined him as to his Learning and Ability to teach which were\\nnot extraordinary, yet it appeared to him that he had the funda-\\nmentals of the Languages and a good improveable Capacity.\\nBut in the following August he was relieved, they having no\\nfarther occasion for his services.* We find a Mr. Anderson Tu-\\ntor in the Latin School, but his place was filled in June, 1766, by\\nThomas Read of the class of that year. John Montgomery, of\\nthe class of 1766, became the following year Tutor in the Latin\\nSchool.\\nThe Mathematical School since the death of Mr. Grew in\\n1759 had been but inefficiently mastered. In March, 1760, Dr.\\nPeters\\nacquainted the Trustees that he had examined the Mathematical School in\\nwhich there are twenty Boys who belong to that school and no other; and\\nbesides these he found Numbers of Boys from the Latin and English\\nSchools who came there to be taught to write, that he thinks the Business\\nbeing too much for Mr Pratt to go thro the Boys cannot be sufficiently\\ninstructed, and desires the Trustees will think of giving him some assistant.\\nOn the endorsement of the Provost, Samuel Campbell, an\\nUsher in the Charity School since August, 1759, who wrote a\\nvery good hand, was appointed, he teaching the Boys to\\nwrite one hour and an half in the Latin School and the same\\nMinutes 13 March, 21 August, 1764.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 471\\nin the English School, and he was then also appointed Clerk\\nto the Trustees. It was not until January following that a\\nhead for this important school was found in Mr. Hugh\\nWilliamson who had been an Usher in the Latin School\\nup to June, 1757; indeed Mr, Pratt, in temporary charge, had\\nleft in May, 1760, and Mr. Campbell had in fact been the only\\nincumbent. Mr. Williamson resumed his connection with the\\nCollege and became the Professor of Mathematics. Here he\\nfaithfully continued until, in June, 1763, he expressed a desire\\nto be relieved, which was allayed by the Trustees acceding at\\ntheir next meeting to some proposed regulations he presented\\nwhich arose from some sentiments he offered concerning the\\npresent state of the school. But as his views were not endorsed\\nfully he in November following renewed his request, and the\\nschool was again put under the\\ncare of Mr Pratt the writing Master. the rather as some of the\\n^ftrustees were told by Mr Pratt that he had improved himself in the several\\nparts of Learning taught there, and would be willing to undertake it till\\nthey could be supplied with a Master to their Minds.\\nThis continued for two years; in November, 1765, the\\nTrustees for several weighty considerations have agreed to pro-\\nvide an able Mathematical Master (for the school in which Mr.\\nPratt is now employed) as soon as possible and in January\\nfollowing Thomas Dungan who had his education in this Col-\\nlege and was well qualified in these Respects, and who had\\nbeen tutor in the English and Latin Schools respectively, was\\nappointed Professor of Mathematics. As the writing lessons\\ncame under this department, we learn the idea of the Trustees\\nof a proper standard recorded in their Minutes of 17 October,\\n1767,\\nthat strict orders be given to the Masters of the Latin School to receive\\nno exercises from the Boys that are blotted, interlined, or not written in as\\nfair and good a Hand, as the Boy can be supposed capable to write.\\nIn the Minutes of 21 August, 1764, we find Tutor Johnston s salary aug-\\nmented to the sum of ten pounds in consideration of doing the whole duty of Writing\\nMaster in both schools and making Pens between 6 and 8 in the Morning in Sum-\\nmer, and between the School Hours in Winter.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "4/2 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThe English School, under Mr. Kinnersley s care, seemed\\nto attract less and less interest with the Trustees, and Franklin\\non his return had good cause for faulting this important branch\\nthe Professor was given the Stewardship of the new Buildings,\\nand anxious and careful man as he was, he could not success-\\nfully carry on jointly these two charges. In November, 1761,\\nJohn Davis one of the Junior Students in the Philosophy\\nClasses offered his services to assist Mr. Kinnersley two or\\nthree hours every day. In May, 1763, a few days before his\\ngraduation, he was formally appointed an usher in the Eng-\\nlish School. In the ensuing July he was appointed Tutor in\\nthe Latin School, and Isaac Hunt, his classmate, became Tutor\\nin the English School. In April, 1764, Mr. Alexander Alex-\\nander was admitted full Tutor in the English School. In the\\nfollowing October, he was appointed Tutor in the Latin School,\\nEdward Jones succeeding him here, but the latter resigned in\\nApril, 1765, being in turn succeeded by Thomas Dungan. In\\nJune, 1766, John Montgomery, who had just graduated, was\\nappointed to assist Mr. Kinnersley until further Orders. We\\nfind him later Tutor in the Latin School. At the meeting of\\nJanuary, 1768, it was remarked that the Schools suffer in the\\npublic esteem by the Discontinuance of public speaking, and\\nat a special meeting called a week later, Jonathan Easton and\\nThomas Hall, then in their Senior Year, were selected\\nto assist Mr Kinnersley in the English School and taking care of the same\\nwhen he shall be employed in teaching the Students in the Philosophy\\nClasses and Grammar School, the Art ef Public Speaking.\\nMinutes 10 November, 1767,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 473\\nLXXX.\\nThus far have we some illustrations of the different Schools\\nof the Academy. The College, in its higher aims, was under\\nthe care of the Provost and Vice Provost, Dr. Ewing, who was\\nnow made Professor of Natural Philosophy, supplying the\\nformer s place in his absence. The Trustees gave their interest\\nto both, though reasonably their concern was greater for the\\nLower Schools, as probably less immediately under the Pro-\\nvost s Eyes. We find them in April, 1762, just after Dr. Smith\\nsailed for England, assiduous in their duties as Examiners of the\\npupils The Senior Students were examined by Dr. Alison and\\nMr. Peters in the Greek and Latin Languages by Mr. Ewing\\nand Mr. Williamson in Mathematicks and by Mr. Peters and\\nDr. Alison in Logic which took up the Forenoon. In the\\nafternoon\\nMr Stedman and Mr Ewing examined the Students in Natural Phil-\\nosophy, and Dr Alison and Mr Peters in Moral Philosophy. The exami-\\nnation in all the Branches of Science was Strict and full, and the Students\\ngave very clear and sensible answers, much to the satisfaction of the\\nTrustees, and the audience was pleased to express, at going away, very\\nfavorable Sentiments of the great Improvement made by Students.\\nThe public examination of the students on 24 March, 1763,\\nMr. Peters, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Stedman, Mr. Coleman, and\\nMr. Duche having been appointed at a previous meeting to\\nexamine them strictly in the Classicks and in all the Branches of\\nScience that they had been instructed in, was held in\\nthe Publick Hall before a large audience of People, and the\\nStudents acquitted themselves to the Satisfaction of the Trustees.\\nOf tuition in modern languages not much could have been\\nexpected. Since the short professorship of Mr. Creamer in the\\nFrench and German Languages in 1754, there had been tuition\\nfor a short while by Mr. Fontaine who died in 1760,^ and he\\nwas succeeded by another whose name is not recorded who\\nMinutes 14 October, 1760.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "474 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwas well recommended for a good French Master. Later,\\nwe find in the Minutes of 8 January, 1763,\\nThe Rev Mr Rothenbuller, Minister of the Calvinist Church in this\\ncity having been desired by some of the scholars to teach them the French\\nLanguage, applied for Liberty to make use of one of the Rooms of the\\nAcademy for that Purpose, which was granted him, so as he did not\\ninterfere with any of the School hours.\\nAnd on 20 May, 1766, Dr Smith records\\nMr Paul Fook was chosen Professor of the French and Spanish\\nTongues in this College, by the vote of fourteen Trustees, immediately\\nafter the Commencement.\\nThe Provost s division of the studies in the Academy and\\nthe College he defines for us in his curriculum of 1754. The\\nformer embraced the professorship of English and Oratory\\nwith one Assistant and a Writing Master, and the professorship\\nof Mathematics. The College embraced the three Philosophy\\nSchools under the Provost and Vice Provost, and the Latin and\\nGreek School under the Professor of Languages, three Tutors,\\na Writing Master, c. In the course of the twelve years\\nfollowing this, these proper divisions may not have been fully\\nconformed to, the Provost being twice absent in England. Dr.\\nEwing taking the Provost s lectures in his second absence as he\\ndid in the first, brought him to a larger acquaintance with the\\npupils and the institution, and in the Professorship of Natural\\nPhilosophy, which he was given in February, 1762, he continued\\nfifteen years, as his assistance to the College classes had been\\nmade necessary by his merits of learning and teaching. The\\nmaintenance of the schools in the Academy was essential to a\\nsupply of proper material for the classes in the College the\\nformer were more closely under the concern of the Trustees, the\\nlatter were under the supervision of Smith, Alison and Ewing.\\nTo sustain the College life, that of the Academy must be\\nnurtured in order to supply a trained constituency for the\\nformer. There were no schools in the city or neighborhood\\nwho contributed any boy to the College lectures those schools\\nwho furnished such were in the adjoining counties or in Mary-\\nland hence the importance, indeed the necessity, of furnishing", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 475\\nthe Academy classes with efficient and experienced teachers, in\\norder to attract from the community the lads of the rising gene-\\nrations. But the results as shown by the number in the gradu-\\nating classes does not evidence any growing influence of the\\nCollege on the townsfolk; though the stimulus of the Commence-\\nment of 1766, with its Sargent Medal, for which even a Prince-\\ntonian had competed, may have influenced the material which\\nmade up the large classes of 1770 and 1771, each of which\\nhowever graduated but fourteen.\\nIn addition to his regular lectures, the Provost had at the\\nclose of 1766 opened a course of Lectures on Natural and\\nExperimental Philosophy for the benefit of the Medical Students,\\nand this he proposed in the following season\\nto continue on an extensive plan, at the request of the Medical Trustees\\nand Professors.^ As these lectures are instituted and given\\ngratis with the view to encourage the medical schools lately opened, and\\nto extend the usefulness and reputation of the College, any gentlemen who\\nhave formerly been educated in this Seminary, and are desirous of renew-\\ning their acquaintance with the above mentioned branches of Knowledge,\\nwill be welcome to attend the course.\\nBut this notice was anticipated by the announcement a\\nweek before by Mr. Ewing and Dr. Williamson of their intro-\\nductory Lecture to a course of Natural and Experimental\\nPhilosophy to be given on 11 December at the Lodge.\\nThis had been the subject of some correspondence by these\\ngentlemen with the Trustees. They had written to the latter\\non 26 October\\nMany young gentlemen in this Place being desirous of making some\\nprogress in the Study of Natural Philosophy, but from their want of Mathe-\\nmatics and the necessary avocations of Business, not being able to attend\\nthe Lectures given in the College by your Provost, have repeatedly\\nsolicited us to institute a private Lecture this Season, on such a Plan,\\nand at such hours, as might be most convenient and best suited to them.\\n^Pennsylvania Gazette, 17, 31, December, 1767. The advertisement has a\\nN. B. An evening Lecture in some branches of Mathematics, preparatory to the\\nPhilosophical course is opened at the College. The notice included the following\\ninducement To the standing use of the large apparatus belonging to the College,\\nMr. Kinnersley has engaged to add the use of his electrical apparatus which is fixed\\nthere, and to deliver the lectures on electricity himself, as well as to give his occa-\\nsional assistance in other branches.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "476 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAnd they craved permission for the Use of your Philosophical\\nApparatus, which is in the College and gave the promise to\\nfix the time of Lecturing so as by no means to interfere with the\\nCollege Hours, or with the Provost when he may have occasion\\nto use the Apparatus and asked whether the Trustees could\\nconveniently spare the Use of any Room in the College to give\\nour. Lectures concluding with the assurance, so to conduct\\nour Lecture as not to injure the Apparatus, incommode the Pro-\\nfessors, nor hurt the Institution. The share of Dr. William-\\nson in this I equest ruled it out, for the Trustees\\nunaminously resolved that it would be improper to allow any Persons\\nexcept the Professors, to read Lectures in the College, but it was agreed to\\ngive Mr. Ewing and Dr. Williamson the use of the apparatus, for this\\nseason, out of the College, agreeable to their Request at such times as shall\\nnot interfere with Dr Smith s Lectures to the College Pupils, in his Class,\\nor with the Course he has engaged to give at the Request of the Medical\\nProfessors to the Medical Students.\\nWhile there thus seemed to be a conflict of service, the\\nProvost maintained his jurisdiction though it is difficult now to\\nassign a reason for Professor Ewing adding his influence to the\\nplan of Dr. Williamson, who since his retirement from the pro-\\nfessorship of Mathematics four years prior to this had not been\\nsolicited to renew his connection with the Colleo-e.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 477\\nLXXXI.\\nThe Commencement of 1767 had been attended by Col.\\nWilkins, a schoolmate of the Provost s at Aberdeen, whose\\nRe.s^iment, the i8th or Royal Irish Regiment was then quartered\\nin Philadelphia, and its Band had given accompaniment to the\\nmusic on the occasion, and supported Hopkinson s performance\\non the organ. Dr. Smith was made Chaplain pro tempore of the\\nregiment and in the following spring he preached a series of\\nsermons before the Regiment on The Christian Soldier s Duty\\nin the Great Hall of the College of Philadelphia. In the fol-\\nlowing June he preached twice again to them, being the last\\nor farewell to the said Regiment, then under marching orders.\\nThese offer good specimens of his effective style in presenting a\\nsubject, made more impressive by his remarkable oratorical\\npowers which tradition assures us were unequaled by any\\nof the preachers or speakers of the time in the province, and\\nthe fame of which opened to him the pulpits of all the churches\\nin the other provinces. It was in the autumn of this year that\\nwe find him acting as Rector of Christ Church in the absence\\nof Dr. Peters at Fort Stanwix, New York, where a treaty was\\nbeing concluded with the Indians. Dr. Peters had been desired\\nby the Governor and Council, he told his Vestry, to attend the\\ntreaty,\\nfrom a belief that his long experience in Indian affairs would enable\\nhim to be of great service there he had consented to go, and\\nDr Smith was so good as to promise to do his duty in his absence.^\\nDr. Peters, on this visit, did some Missionary work among\\nthe Indians, and baptised many, whose names on his return\\nhome he entered on the records of his Church. His zeal must\\nhave communicated itself to some of his friends in Philadelphia.\\nDr. Smith writes to Sir William Johnson, 17 December, 1768\\nI should be glad to know whether any lands be reserved for the\\nchurch and Indian Missions upon the plan formerly mentioned,\\nThese are Nos. ix., x., xi., and xiii in his Works of 1803.\\nMinutes Vestry of Christ Church, 5 September, 1768.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "478 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nMr Peters and I have talked seriously about supplying you with proper\\npersons for the Indian Mission, and on the whole submit to you whether it\\nwere not best to have one or two pious young men of sound principles and\\ngood education, not exceeding twenty-two years of age, to be sent imme-\\ndiately to spend two years under your direction as Catechists and school-\\nmasters, till they acquire the language others, if found fit, to be sent for\\norders. We have two such men, who can speak both German and English,\\neducated in our College, of exemplary good behaviour one of them on\\naccount of his grandfather Conrad Weiser, perhaps might be particularly\\nacceptable to the Indians. He is also the son of a most worthy man, the\\nRevd Mr Muhlenberg, who married Weiser s daughter, and is at the head\\nof the Lutheran Churches in this Province, and is willing his son should\\ngo on this business and take orders in the Church. The other is equally\\nwell qualified.^\\nYoung Muhlenberg was Henry Ernst, the youngest son of\\nthe Patriarch Muhlenberg; he received in 1780 the honorary\\ndegree of Master of Arts in the University of the State of Penn-\\nsylvania and became a member of the American Philosophical\\nSociety in 1785. He passed his days as a pious and devoted\\nLutheran pastor, adding to his spiritual cure a close study of the\\nnatural sciences, in which he obtained eminence, particularly\\nthat of botany. Who the other one recommended by the\\nProvost was we know not it suffices only to know that the pro-\\nject was not consunmiated, though it held large promise in offer-\\ning a grandson of Conrad Weiser to give his life work among\\nthe Indians. Just seventy years after this the University gradu-\\nated James Lloyd Breck, whose life work among the Indians of\\nthe Northwest has shown what might have been that of Henry\\nErnst Muhlenberg among the Indians of the North in provin-\\ncial days.\\nSmith, i. 418.\\nLife and Work of William Augustus Muhlenbe7-g, D. D., Ayres, p. 3.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 479\\nLXXXII.\\nThe year 1768 bore in its calendar The birthday of\\nmedical honors in America, as it was happily termed by the\\nProvost. The inception of the Medical Department has been\\nnarrated in connection with the biographical sketch of Dr.\\nMorgan, to whom credit is due as its founder, though if the dis-\\ntinction can be made, the father of it was Thomas Penn, in\\nwhose letter of 15 February, 1765, to the Trustees commending\\nto them young Morgan s plans, must be found the influential\\ngerm from which it grew. But an equal share in the honor\\nof this paternity must be granted to the ever faithful friend of\\nthe College Dr. Fothergill, who in a letter of April 1762 to his\\nfriend James Pemberton, advising him of sending by Dr. Shippen\\na gift of anatomical subjects and drawings to the Philadelphia\\nHospital, says he recommends to\\nDr. Shippen to give a course of anatomical Lectures to such as may attend.\\nHe is very well qualified for the subject, and will soon be followed by an\\nable assistant, Dr Morgan, both of whom, I apprehend will not only be\\nuseful to the Province in their employments, but if suitably countenanced\\nby the Legislature, will be able to erect a School of Physic amongst you,\\nthat may draw students from various parts of America and the West Indies,\\nand at least furnish them with a better idea of the rudiments of their Pro-\\nfession, than they have at present the means of acquiring on your side of\\nthe water. 1\\nThe medical lectures of William Shippen the younger had\\npreceded this action of the Trustees by the space of more than\\ntwo years, but his pupils completed their course under his\\ninstructions without any specific honors in view. Dr. Morgan\\nmust have perceived the inutility of this, though he had at one\\ntime projected an alliance with Dr. Shippen in a course of\\nlectures. With lively ingenuity he recognized that the path for\\nsuch honors was through the Philadelphia College, and sub-\\nmitting his plans to the Proprietary he found them warmly\\n1 See Minutes of the Hospital Managers, 8 November, 1762. Dr. Fothergill s\\nexpectations proved to be prophecies.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "480 Hjstory of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nseconded, and the result was Thomas Penn s commendatory\\nletter. Dr. Morgan accordingly submitted a proposal setting\\nforth his plan of opening Medical Schools under the Patronage\\nand Government of the College and intimating his Desire to be\\nappointed Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physick.\\nWhereupon the Trustees\\nduly weighing the above Letters and Proposal, and entertaining a high\\nsense of Dr Morgan s abilities and the Honors paid to him by different\\nLearned Bodies and Societies in Europe, they unanimously appointed him\\nProfessor of the Theory and Practice of Physick in this College.\\nThus an honored alumnus of the first class of the College\\nbecame the founder of a new Faculty in the Institution, which\\ngave Reputation and Strength to it, and which made the\\nfirst step in that University life, which in later years was to be\\nenlarged by the Faculty of Law and was publicly claimed for\\nthe institution by the Provost at the commencement of 1771.\\nIt was now in fact the budding University, which was only\\nlegally recognized as such when the political subversion of 1779\\ncreated a new institution in which the title University was-\\nfittingly substituted for that of College.\\nDr. Morgan soon had a coadjutor in his friend Shippen,\\nwho in the following September sent a communication to the\\nTrustees reciting his earlier labors and asking to be joined in\\nthis new effort. A son of Princeton as he was, he had not\\nbefore thought of asking to form a new Faculty for the Phila-\\ndelphia College but Dr. Morgan as its alumnus and with\\nthe powerful endorsement of the Penns had succeeded. Dr.\\nShippen wrote\\nIt is three years since I proposed the Expediency and Practicability\\nof teaching Medicine in all its branches in this City in a pubHc oration read\\nat the State House introductory to my first course of anatomy. I should\\nlong since have sought the patronage of the Trustees of the College, but\\nwaited to bejoined by Dr Morgan, to whom I first communicated my Plan\\nin England, and who promised to unite with me in every scheme we\\nmight think necessary for the Execution of so important a Point. I am\\npleased however to hear that you, Gentlemen, on being applied to by Dr\\nMorgan, have taken the Plan under your Protection and have appointed\\nthat gentleman Professor of Medicine. A Professorship of Anatomy and", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 481\\nSurgery will be greatly accepted by. Gentlemen, your most obedient and\\nvery humble servant, W. Shippen, jr.\\nand on this being read at a Special Meeting on 23 September,\\n1765, the Trustees by an Unanimous Vote appointed him Pro-\\nfessor of Anatomy and Surgery in this Seminary.\\nMorgan and Shippen well bore the honors of this Faculty\\nand trained up a worthy band of young men who earned their\\nhonors in 1768. But their number was added to in January^ of\\nthis year by the appointment of Dr. Adam Kuhn, on his\\nrequest, to the Professorship of Botany and Materia Medica the\\nTrustees having ample assurance of his abilities to fill that Pro-\\nfessorship, for which he is likewise particularly recommended by\\nthe Medical Trustees and Professors belonging to the College\\nitself Dr. Kuhn was born in Germantown in 1741, the son of\\na physician who was a native of Suabia. He was entered a\\npupil in the Academy in 175 i, and in 1752 the father moving\\nto Lancaster was there instrumental in establishing a school in\\nwhich the Greek and Latin Languages were taught by eminent\\nmasters, and there young Kuhn continued his elementary educa-\\ntion and commenced his medical studies under his father. In\\n1 76 1 he went to Europe, and first resorting to Sweden for\\ninstruction in botany and materia medica at the hands of Lin-\\nnaeus, he subsequently went to Edinburgh and received his\\ndegree from that university in 1767. He returned from Europe\\nin January, 1768, and at once received his Professorship. His\\nfirst course was on Botany in May following. He held the Chair\\nof Materia Medica for twenty-one years until he assumed the\\nChair of Practice.\\nBefore any of the medical students could be prepared for\\ntheir honors, both Morgan and Shippen realised the value of\\nframing rules for the guidance of the new Faculty in examining\\nthem. At the meeting of 12 May, 1767,\\nDr. Smith laid before the Board the following Plan for conducting the\\nMedical Education and conferring Medical Degrees which he said had been\\nprepared at several private meetings in which he had been present with the\\nMinutes, 26 January, 1768.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "482 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nMedical Trustees, viz. Dr Shippen, Dr Thomas Bond, Dr Cadwalader, Dr\\nPhineas Bond and Dr Redman, and the Medical Professors Dr Morgan\\nand Dr Shippen junior.\\nThe preamble to these rules is entitled to a record here its sim-\\nple statement of the situation held a larger promise in it than the\\nTrustees and the Provost could foresee they were building more\\nthan they knew, and could not realize how large an influence and\\nreputation to their beloved institution they were now preparing for\\ntheir successors to work and develop. Morgan had founded a\\nFaculty which was to earn for his Alma Mater a National posi-\\ntion as the great instructor in Medical Science for long years to\\ncome, and its graduates were to extend the name and fame of\\nthe College into every corner of the land in a measure which\\ncould never be obtained by any efforts of the earlier Faculty of\\nthe College. If Dr. Smith moulded the College into a great\\nteacher, none the less did Dr. Morgan earn the gratitude of suc-\\nceeding generations in founding therein the higher teaching of\\nthe medical sciences which was to be the forerunner, indeed the\\nleader, in every attempt of succeeding times in our country to\\ndevelop and further the knowledge of the healing art. The\\nquestion may arise where Dr. Morgan received his impulses\\nwhich worked out this great movement, and how came it that\\nPhiladelphia for so long a period held the preeminence in this\\nscience. We shall not be far wrong in tracing it to the seed\\nplanted in the Pennsylvania Hospital, which in turn was an out-\\ngrowth of the College when certain Trustees of the latter con-\\nceived the bold project in 1752. Dr. Thomas Bond, alike inter-\\nested in College and Hospital, would welcome the pupils and\\ngraduates of the former attending his clinics in the latter, and\\nthis interest was, shared by his fellow Trustees Phineas Bond,\\nthe elder Shippen, Cadwalader, and Redman. If certain College\\nTrustees founded the Hospital, the return gift was made when\\nthe latter offered a clinical school to the former s students and\\nalumni to whom the younger Shippen and Morgan were now lec-\\nturing, and the Pennsylvania Hospital must be granted its\\nhonorable meed of being the supporter and ally of the new Col-\\nlege Faculty, making an obligation of duty and reverence which", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 483\\nthe latter can never overlook. Its continuance to this day in a\\nlike loving association is a constant testimony to that early and\\nsecure support and alliance, in which the new Faculty received\\nits best inspiration and brightest encouragement.^\\nKing s College, New York, was not long behind the Phila-\\ndelphia enterprise and from a letter of Dr. Morgan s we can\\nconceive of the friendly rivalry between the two. He wrote to\\nhis friend, Mr. William Hewson, of London, 20 November, 1767\\nI have twenty pupils this year at about five guineas each. Next\\nyear we shall confer the degree of Bachelor in Physic on several\\nof them, and that of doctor in three years after. New York has\\ncopied us and has six Professors, three of whom you know, to\\nwit Bard, Professor of Physic Tennant of Midwifery and\\nSmith, in Chemistry besides whom are Dr. Jones, Professor\\nof Surgery Middleton, of Physiology and Clossy of Anatomy,\\nTime will show in what light we are to consider the rivalship\\nfor my part, I do not seem to be under great apprehension.\\nKing s College conferred its first degree of Bachelor of Physic\\nin 1769, but its first Doctorate was in 1770, and this latter gives\\nKing s the precedence in conferring the greater degree.*\\nBut to return to the Rules of the Philadelphia College\\nwhich were prefaced by the following Preamble\\nWhereas the Trustees of the College of Philadelphia by its Charter\\ncan confer the usual Degrees granted in the European Seminaries and Uni-\\nversities and it being apprehended that the granting Degrees in Physic to\\nStudents regularly educated and properly qualified for the same, would\\ncontribute greatly to the Encouragement of the Medical School in this Col-\\nlege, and would also be a Means of putting the Practice of Physic on a\\nmore respectable and useful Footing, especially in these Parts of America,\\nand would moreover draw many Students for their Education to this city,\\nwhich is advantageously situated for such an undertaking, in the Center of\\nSo close has been the association between the hospital and the medical\\nschool, that of the twenty-nine professors who have occupied collegiate chairs, eigh-\\nteen have been attending physicians or surgeons of the hospital and five of the seven\\nmedical men first elected to these positions in the hospital were Trustees of the\\nCollege. Dr. Carson, History of the Medical DepartmetU of the University of\\nPennsylvania, p. 37.\\n*Sir Dr. Hosack s Inaugural Discourse Delivered at the Opening of the Rtit-\\ngers Medical School in the City of New York, 6 November, 1826. Also Dr. Carson s\\nreview of the claims of King s College, Z^?j/. Med. Depart. Univ. of Penna., 66-67.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "484 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nthe Colonies; it was therefore the Unanimous Opinion of the Gentlemen\\nabove named that such Degrees in Physic ought to be conferred on deserv-\\ning Students and the following Qualifications and course of Studies were\\nagreed upon to be proposed to the Trustees of the College in Order to be\\nenacted as requisite to entitle Medical Students to their different Degrees,\\nviz:\\nFor a Bachelor s Degree in Physic.\\n1. Such Students as have not taken a Degree in the Arts, in any\\nCollege, shall before receiving a Degree in Physic, satisfy the Trustees and\\nProfessors of this College of their Knowledge in the Latin Language and\\nsuch Branches of Mathematics, natural and experimental Philosophy, as\\nshall be judged requisite to a Medical Education.\\n2. Each Student shall take at least one Course in Anatomy, Materia\\nMedica, Chemistry, Theory and Practice of Physic, and Clynical Lectures,\\nand shall attend the Practice of the Pennsylvania Hospital for One Year,\\nand may then be admitted to a public Examination for a Bachelor s\\nDegree, provided that in a previous private Examination by the Medical\\nTrustees and Professors, and such other Trustees and Professors, as chuse\\nto attend, he shall be judged fit for a public Examination, without attend-\\ning any more courses in the Medical School.\\n3. It is further required that each Student previous to the Bachelor s\\nDegree shall have served a sufficient Apprenticeship to some reputable\\nPractitioner in Physic and be able to make it appear that he has a general\\nKnowledge in Pharmacy.\\nQualifications for a Doctor s Degree in Physic.\\nIt is required for this Degree that at least Three Years shall have\\nintervened from taking the Bachelor s Degree, and that the Candidate be\\nfull Twenty-four Years of Age who shall also write and defend a Thesis\\npublickly in College, unless he should be beyond Seas, or so remote on the\\nContinent of America, as not to be able to attend without manifest Incon-\\nvenience, in which case, on sending a written Thesis, such as shall be\\napproved by the College, the Candidate may receive his Doctor s Degree\\nand his Thesis is to be printed and published at his own expense.\\nFees to the Professors.\\nNo Professor to take more than Six Pistoles for a single course in any\\nof the above Branches, and after two courses any Student may attend as\\nmany more as he pleases, gratis.\\nA twelvemonth elapsed before the establishment of rules\\nfor the Examination of the Students and regulation of their fees..\\nOn 27 May, 1768, the following were agreed to\\nI. Such Medical Students as propose to be Candidates for Degrees\\nand likewise such other Medical Students, as shall attend the Natural", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 485\\nPhilosophy Lectures now given by the Provost, and whose names have\\nnever been entered in the College, shall enter the same, and pay the usual\\nSum of Twenty Shillings matriculation money.\\n2. Every Student, on taking the Degree of Bachelor of Physic, shall\\npay not less than One Guinea to each Professor he has studied under in\\nthe College from the Time of his entering the Medical Classes and likewise\\nthe usual Fees for the Seal to his Diploma, and for the Increase of the\\nLibrary.\\n3. Each Medical Student who shall pay one Dollar for the Use of the\\nLibrary (exclusive of the Fee at Commencements) shall have his name\\nentered and have the free Use of any books belonging to the Medical\\nLibrary of the College, during his continuance at the same, and attend-\\nance of Lectures under the Medical Professors.\\nThe fourth and last rule was in fact a request to Dr. Bond\\nto keep alive the connection of the College with the Hospital:\\n4. Dr Thomas Bond is requested by the Trustees and Professors to\\ncontinue his Clynical Lectures at the Hospital, as a Branch of Medical\\nEducation, judged to be of great Importance and Benefit to the Students.\\nThese Lectures Dr. Bond had begun in December, 1766,\\nand his Introductory he submitted to the Managers of the\\nHospital which they directed to be inserted in the minutes of\\ntheir Board.\\nFinally the Birthday of Medical Honors in America\\narrived, and on 21 June, 1768, the first Medical Commencement\\nwas held. It is recorded that\\nthe Trustees being met at half an hour past nine in the forenoon, and\\nthe several Professors and Medical Candidates in their proper Habits, pro-\\nceeded from the Apparatus Room to the public Hall, where a polite\\nassembly of their fellow citizens were convened to honor the Solemnity.\\nThe Provost having there received the Mandate for the Commence-\\nment from his Honour the Governor as President of the Trustees, intro-\\nduced the Business of the Day with Prayers, and a short Latin Oration\\nsuited to the Occasion. Then followed\\n1. A Latin Oration delivered by Mr Lawrence, De Honoribus qui\\nomni ^vo in veros Medicinee Cultores, Collati fuerint.\\n2. A Dispute whether the Retina or Tunica Choroides be the\\nimmediate Seat of Vision The argument for the Retina was ingeniously\\nmaintained by Mr Cowell the opposite side of the Question was supported\\nwith great acuteness by Mr FuUerton, who contended that the Retina is\\nincapable of the office ascribed to it, on account of its being easily per-\\nmeable by the Rays of Light, and that the Choroid Coat, by its being", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "486 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nopake, is the proper Part for Stopping the Rays, and the receiving the\\nPicture of the Object.\\n3. Num detur Fluidum Nervosum Mr Duffield held the affirma-\\ntive, and Mr Way the negative both with great Learning.\\n4. Mr Tilton deHvered an Essay on Respiration and the Manner\\nin which it is performed, which did credit to his Abihties.\\n5. The Provost then conferred the Degree of Bachelor of Physic on\\nthe following gentlemen, viz. Messrs John Archer of New Castle County,\\nBenjamin Cowell of Bucks, Samuel Duffield of Philadelphia, Jonathan\\nElmer of West Jersey, Humphrey Fullerton of Lancaster County, David\\nJackson of Chester County, John Lawrence of East Jersey, Jonathan Potts\\nof Philadelphia, James Tilton of Kent County on Delaware, and Nicholas\\nWay of Wilmington.\\n6. An elegant Valedictory Oration was spoken by Mr Potts On the\\nAdvantages derived in the Study of Physic, from a previous liberal Educa-\\ntion in the other Sciences.\\n7. The Provost then addressed the Graduates in a brief account of\\nthe present State of this College, and its quick Progress in the various\\nextensive Establishments it hath made. He pointed out the general\\nCauses both of the Rise and Decline of Sciences and observed that as the\\npresent Sett of Graduates were the first who had received Medical Honors\\nin America, on a regular Collegiate Plan, it depended much on them, in\\ntheir future conduct and Eminence, to place such Honors in Estimation\\namong their countrymen concluding with an earnest charge that they\\nwould never forget the Opportunities which their Profession would give\\nthem (when their Art perhaps could be of no further service to the Body)\\nof making serious Impressions on their Patients, and shewing themselves\\nMen of Consolation and Piety, which might have singular Weight from a\\nLay character; adding that what might more particularly concern their\\nPractice, he had devolved on a Gentleman of their own Profession from\\nwhom it would come with greater Propriety and Advantage.\\nDr Shippen, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, then gave the\\nRemainder of the charge, further animating the Graduates to Support the\\nDignity of their Profession by a laudable Perseverance in their Studies,\\nand by a Practice becoming the character of Gentlemen adding many\\nuseful precepts respecting their Conduct towards their Patients, Charity\\ntowards the Poor, Humanity towards all, and the Opportunities they might\\nhave of gaining the Confidence and Esteem of those who by their care\\nmight be relieved from Suffering and restored to Health.\\nThe Vice Provost concluded the whole with Prayer and Thanks-\\ngiving.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 487\\nLXXXIII.\\nBefore another Commencement occurred, a young physician\\nwho had well earned his degree in a foreign school was crossing\\nthe ocean on his way home and having heard of the plans of\\nthe Trustees in devising honors for their medical matriculants,\\nformed hopes of taking part in the medical work of the College\\nand the name of Benjamin Rush is now to be added to this\\nnotable faculty. Young Rush, then in the twenty-fourth year\\nof his age, had just returned from completing his medical studies\\nabroad. Born in Philadelphia County on Christmas Eve, 1745,\\nhe graduated at Princeton College in the class of 1760, and\\nshortly after began the study of medicine in Philadelphia under\\nthe direction of Dr. Redman. In 1766 he went to Edinburgh\\nto further pursue his studies, where he secured his Degree and\\npassed the earlier months of 1769 in London in attendance on\\nits hospitals and medical lectures. Here he secured the friend-\\nship of Dr. Fothergill, and through him obtained the coun-\\ntenance of the Proprietary and contemplating some practical\\nplans for his work at home and possibly looking to a connection\\nwith the College of which his learned preceptor was a Trustee,\\nand to the advantages of the Hospital with which Dr. Redman\\nwas also closely associated, he submitted his plans to Thomas\\nPenn, who wrote the Trustees under date of 9 May, 1769\\nDr Rush having been recommended to me by Dr Fothergill as a\\nvery expert Chymist, and the Doctor having further recommended to me to\\nsend a Chymical Apparatus to the College as a Thing that will be of great\\nUse, particularly in the Tryal of Ores, I send you such as Dr Fothergill\\nthought necessary, under the care of Dr Rush, which I desire your accept-\\nance of. I recommend Dr Rush to your Notice, and heartily wishing\\nSuccess to the College, remain with great Regard, Gentlemen, Your very\\naffectionate Friend, Tho. Penn\\nDr. Carson quotes a letter from Dr. Rush written from London in October,\\n1768, to Dr. Morgan which would imply some certainty on his part of being elected\\na Professor, I am much obliged to you for continuing to read Lectures upon Chem-\\nistry. I hope to be in Philadelphia in May or June next, so that I shall relieve you\\nfrom the task the ensuing winter. Is it necessary for me to deliver publickly an\\nInaugural Oration Something must be said in favor of the advantages of Chemistry\\nto Medicine, and its usefulness to medical philosophy, as the people of our country\\nin general are strangers to the nature and objects of the science. History c. p. 73.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "488 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nThis letter was presented at the Meeting of the Trustees on\\n23 July, Dr. Redman being present. And at a special meeting\\nheld on i August, there being fifteen Trustees present, and\\namong them the two Doctors Bond, Dr. Redman, Dr. Shippen\\nand Dr. Cadwalader, a letter from Dr. Rush was submitted\\noffering himself as a candidate for the Professorship of Chem-\\nistry (which Dr. Morgan hath some time supplied), when in\\nconsequence of the above application and in consideration of\\nDr. Rush s character as an able chemist, he was unanimously\\nappointed Professor of Chemistry in this College. Thus was\\nformed a connection with the institution which continued until\\nDr. Rush s death in 18 13. Of his civil and public services\\nour country s history makes true note and these in a measure\\nreflected with advantage upon the Faculty of which he was a\\ndistinguished member. In the course of our present narrative,\\nwe may have more to say of him, as in his professional and\\npolitical life he became intimately associated with all the interests\\nand concerns of the College. The average age of the four pro-\\nfessors, Morgan, Shippen, Kuhn, and Rush was under thirty\\nyears affording another instance in the history of the College\\nthat some of its best and firmest developments were the instru-\\nmentality of young men. Dr. Bond, the clinical Lecturer, as\\nDr. Carson humorously records, only had arrived at that age\\nwhen experience is supposed to bring the greatest wisdom\\nhe was over fifty years.\\nAt the Commencement of 1769, on 30 June, eight students\\nreceived their degrees of Bachelor of Medicine James Arm-\\nstrong, Josias Carvill Hall, John Hodge, John Houston, Thomas\\nPratt, Alexander Skinner, John Wynder, and Myndert Veeder.\\nThe Commencement of 5 June, 1770, exhibited but one of these\\nhonors, Thomas Parke. At the Commencement of 28 June,\\n1 77 1, were conferred seven of these degrees, viz Benjamin\\nAlison (of the class of 1765), Jonathan Easton (1768), Frederick\\nKuhn, John Kuhn, Bodo Otto, Robert Pottenger, and William\\nSmith.^ But this occasion was chiefly notable for the conferring\\nHistory c. p. 75.\\nWho married in 1775 the granddaughter of Dr. Thomas Graeme.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 489\\nof the first degrees of Doctor of Physic, Messrs. Elmer, Potts,\\nTilton and Way, the Bachelors of Physic in the class of 1768,\\nbeing the recipients of this honor. The Provost records this act\\nin the following words\\nThey then presented themselves agreeable to the rules of the College,\\nto defend in Latin the Dissertations printed for their Degree of Doctor in\\nPhysic. Mr Elmer s piece, De Causis Remedies Sitis in Febribus,\\nwas impugned by Dr Kuhn, Professor of Botany and Materia Medica. Mr\\nPott s De Febribus intermittentibus, potentissimum tertianis was\\nimpugned by Dr Morgan, Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic.\\nMr Tilton s De Hydrope was impugned by Dr Shippen, Professor of\\nAnatomy. Mr Way s De Variolerum Insitione was impugned by Dr\\nRush, Professor of Chemistry.\\nEach of these candidates, having judiciously answered the objections\\nmade to some Parts of their Dissertations, the Provost conferred the Degree\\nof Doctor in Physic with particular Solemnity, as the highest mark of\\nLiterary Honor which they could receive in their Profession,\\nThese theses were submitted in Latin and were published\\naccording to the Rules adopted in 1767.*\\nHe proceeds further in his Minutes of this interesting day,\\nand epitomises Dr. Morgan s charge to these young Doctors.\\nDr. Morgan, who was appointed to that Part of the Business, entered\\ninto a particular Account of those Branches of Study, which the Medical\\nGentlemen ought still to prosecute with unremitted Diligence, if they\\nwished to be eminent in their Profession laying down some useful Rules\\nfor an honorable Practice in the Discharge of it. He observed that the\\nOath which was prescribed by Hippocrates to his Disciples, had been\\ngenerally adopted in Universities and Schools of Physic on the like occa-\\nsions, but that laying aside the Form of Oaths, this College, which is of a\\nfree Spirit, wished only to bind its Sons and Graduates by the Ties of\\nHonor and Gratitude; and that therefore he begged leave to impress it\\nupon those, who had received the distinguished Degree of Doctors, that as\\nthey were among the foremost Sons of the Institution, and the Birth Day\\nof Medical Honors in this New World had arose upon them with auspi-\\ncious Lustre, they would in all their Practice consult the Safety of their\\nPatients, the Good of the Community, and the Dignity of their Profession;\\nso as that the Seminary, from which they derived their Titles in Physic,\\nmicrht never have cause to be ashamed of them.\\nThese are the earliest medical inaugural essays published in America. Copies of\\nthem are with either the American Philosophical Society or the Library Company of\\nPhiladelphia. They bear the date 1771.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "490 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLXXXIV.\\nBut this Commencement of 1771 is memorable in witness-\\ning the first public claim by the Provost for the institution of the\\nrank and place of a University, to which in fact it had attained\\nin 1768, and which it has maintained with honor through vary-\\ning changes and vicissitudes to the present moment. Dr. Smith s\\ncharge to the graduates, written in his happiest style, he gives\\nin part in the Minutes, wherein he observed, he says, among\\nthings.\\nThat it is by slow Degrees the Sciences are introduced and established\\nin any young Country that there is perhaps scarce an Instance, where any\\nSeminary of Learning although patronized and supported by Princes, hath,\\nin the same space of Time come to equal Perfection, with the College of\\nPhiladelphia, although at first begun only by a few private Gentlemen.\\nThat he had found it seventeen ago just in its Infancy that amid the\\nTumults of War and many other Circumstances unfavorable to Literature,\\nit had, during that period, been constantly growing in Usefulness and Rep-\\nutation, that numerous and illustrious Benefactors had been raised up for\\nits support, that all the Branches of Science were now professed and\\ntaught in it on so liberal a Foundation, that it would be entitled not merely\\nto the name of a College, but of an University, in any Part of the World;\\nthat not only Professorships in the Languages, Mathematics, Philosophy, etc;\\nbut in the different branches of Physic, were established in it, and that\\nthis Day saw the whole plan compleat, as several Gentlemen, who had\\nbeen regularly educated in the Study of Physic, and admitted to their first\\nDegrees in this Seminary, were now, after three years reputable and suc-\\ncessful Practice, and after giving convincing Specimens of their Abilities,\\nthought worthy of being admitted to the Degree of Doctor, the highest\\nHonor belonging to their Profession. He added an earnest Exhortation to\\nall the Graduates so to acquit themselves through Life, as still to reflect\\nfresh Lustre on the Place of their Education referring further to what\\nmight be said by the Gentlemen, who was to give the Medical Charge.\\nWith two Bachelors in Physic created in 1773, Thomas\\nBiddle and David Ramsey, the latter of whom won his Doctor s\\nDegree in 1780, we find that but twenty-eight sought this honor\\nprior to the dissolution of the College in 1779, and of these four\\nonly won their Doctor s Degree in that time. It may be that the\\nlesser Degree furnished its possessor with sufficient warrant for\\ngeneral practice, and the active life thrust upon him in the stir of a", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania, 491\\nbusy population perhaps forbade his continuance in the three\\nyears course prescribed for a Doctor s Degree. The troublous\\ntimes of the Revolution, of which Philadelphia appeared to be\\nthe centre, were not propitious to professional research or study\\namong the younger people but students were not wanting in\\nthe Medical Faculty, although the year 1780 had arrived before\\nthe latter could bestow any honors upon them. In that year three\\nBachelors in Physic were created in 1781, two; in 1782, eight,\\nof whom were James Craik and Caspar Wistar, Jr. in 1783,\\nthree; in 1784, eight; in 1785, nine, of whom Edward Miller\\nreceived the Degree of Doctor in Physic in 1789 in 1786, four,\\nof whom Moses Bartram received the Degree of Doctor in\\nPhysic in 1790 and Nicholas B. Waters in 1788 in 1787, four;\\nin 1788, six, of whom Francis B. Sayre received his Doctorate\\nin 1790; in 1789, three; and in 1790, twelve, of whom John\\nLaws received his Doctorate in 1797. After 1790, no Degrees\\nof Bachelor of Physic were conferred the whole number up to\\nthis time being ninety; of these, but ten continued their studies\\nand became entitled to their Doctor s Degree.\\nFrom the absence of any lists of students in the College we\\ncan only form an estimate of the relative growth of their number\\nfrom the Treasurer s receipts of Tuition fees. While in the year\\n1752 these were ^^716.19.9 and in 1753 ^758.19.4, they did not\\nrise to \u00c2\u00a3600 per annum until 1760, when they amounted to\\n^629.7.6, and in 1761 the figures reached ;^763.i5. While in\\n1762 they were ;^6o9. i.io. they were in 1763, ;^9io.2 2, but in\\n1764, only ^643.11.7 Some allowance must be made for the\\nirregular returns of the Collectors, who were generally the\\nyounger Tutors, and whose compensation was two and a half\\nper cent but no annual returns equalled those of 1763 the year\\nof Dr. Smith s absence in England. In 1765 they fell below\\n^600 in 1766 and 1767 they did not exceed ^612 each year;\\nbut in I y62), the Birth year of Medical honors, which drew greater\\ncredit to the College, the fees amounted to 751. 12. 6. The\\nfollowing three years the annual average was but ^529.4, but in\\n1772 they again rose to ;^646.2.3^, The increase in tuition", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "492 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nfees required by the depreciating paper currency, made the\\naverage returns for 1774 and 1775 amount to ]22.^.i.\\nHere the Author lays down his pen, hoping, however,\\nthai another may carry on the History of this University Family,\\nillustrating its varying misfortunes during the Revolutionary strug-\\ngle, its quiet life through the first seventy years of this century, arid\\nportraying with loving strokes its enlarged and injlucjitial work\\nof the present generation, under the strong stimulus of which it is\\nprepared to enter upon its great career in the Tiventieth Century.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\nA. Proposals relating to the Education of Youth in\\nPennsylvania.\\nB. Proceedings of Philadelphia Councils relating\\nTO the Academy 1750-175 i.\\nC. Franklin and Johnson Correspondence.\\nD. Announcement of Opening of King s College.\\nE. Account of College and Academy in The Ameri-\\ncan Magazine, October, 1758.\\nF. List of all the Students entered up to and\\nincluding 1769.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX A.\\nProposals\\nRelating to the\\nEducation\\nOF\\nYouth\\nIN\\nPensilvania\\nPhiladelphia\\nPrinted in the Year MDCCXLIX\\nAdvertisement\\nTO THE\\nReader.\\nIT has long been regretted as a Misfortune to the Youth of this\\nProvince, that we have noACADEMY, in which they might receive the\\nAccomplishments of a regular Edtication.\\nThe following Paper of Hitits towards forming a Plan for that Pur-\\npose, is so far approv d by some publick-spirited Gentlemen, to whom it\\nhas been privately communicated, that they have Directed a Number of\\nCopies to be made by the Press, and properly distributed, in order to obtain\\nthe Sentiments and Advice of Men of Learning, Understanding, and\\nExperience in these Matters and have determined to use their Interest\\nand best Endeavottrs, to have the Scheme, when co7npleted, carried grad-\\nually into Execution in which they have Reason to believe they shall\\nhave the hearty Concurrence and Assistance of many who are Wellwishers\\nto their Country.\\nThose who incline to favour the Design with their Advice, either as\\nto the Parts of Learning to be taught, the Order of Study, the Method of\\nTeaching, the CEconomy of the School, or atty other Matter of hnporta^ice\\nto the Sticcess of the Undertaking, are desired to communicate their Senti-\\nments as soon as may be, by Letter Directed to B. Franklin, Printer, in\\nPhiladelphia.\\nProposals, c.\\nThe good Education of Youth has been esteemed by wise Men in all\\nAges, as the Surest Foundation of the Happiness of both private Families\\nand of Common-wealths. Almost all Governments have therefore made\\nit a principal Object of their Attention, to establish and endow with proper\\nRevenues, such Seminaries of Learning, as might supply the succeeding\\nAge with Men qualified to serve the Publick with Honour to themselves,\\nand to their Country.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "496 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nMany of the first settlers of these Provinces, were Men who had\\nreceived a good Education in Europe, and to their Wisdom and good\\nManagement we owe much of our present Prosperity. But their Hands\\nwere full, and they could not do all Things. The present Race are not\\nthought to be generally of equal Ability For though the American Youth\\nare allow d not to want capacity yet the best Capacities require Cultiva-\\ntion, it being truly with them, as with the best Ground, which unless well\\ntilled and sowed with profitable Seed, produces only ranker Weeds.\\nThat we may obtain the Advantages arising from an Increase of\\nKnowledge, and prevent as much as may be the mischievous Consequences\\nthat would attend a general Ignorance among us, the following Hints are\\noffered towards forming a Plan for the Education of the Youth of Penn-\\nsylvania, viz\\nIt is propos d,\\nThat some Persons of Leisure and publick Spirit, apply for a\\nCharter, by which they may be incorporated, with Power to erect an\\nAcademy for the Education of Youth, to govern the same, provide Mas-\\nters, make Rules, receive Donations, purchase Lands, c., and to add to\\ntheir Number, from Time to Time such other Persons as they shall judge\\nsuitable.\\nThat the Members of the Corporation make it their Pleasure, and in\\nsome Degree their Business, to visit the Academy often, encourage and\\ncountenance the Youth, countenance and assist the Masters, and by all\\nMeans in their Power advance the Usefulness and Reputation of the\\nDesign that they look on the Students as in some Sort their children,\\ntreat them with Familiarity and Affection, and when they have behav d\\nwell, and gone through their Studies, and are to enter the World, zealously\\nunite, and make all the Interest that can be made to establish them,\\nwhether in Business, Offices, Marriages, or any other Thing for their\\nAdvantage, preferably to all other Persons whatsoever even of equal\\nMerit.\\nAnd if Men may, and frequently do, catch such a taste for cultivating\\nFlowers, for Planting, Grafting, Inoculating, and the like, as to despise all\\nother Amusements for their Sake, why may not we expect they should\\nacquire a Relish for that more useful Culture of young Minds. Thompsoti\\nsays\\nTis Joy to see the human Blossoms blow,\\nWhen infant Reason grows apace, and calls\\nFor the Kind Hand of an Assiduotis Care\\nDelightful Task 1 to rear the tender Thought,\\nTo teach the young Idea how to shoot.\\nTo pour the fresh Instruction 0 er the Mind,\\nlo breathe th enliv ning Spirit, and to fix\\nThe generous Purpose in the glowing Breast.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 497\\nThat a House be provided for the Academy, if not in the Town, not\\nmany miles from it the Situation high and dry, and if it may be, not far\\nfrom a River, having a Garden, Orchard, Meadow, and a Field or two.\\nThat the House be furnished with a Library (if in the Country, if in\\nthe Town, the Town Libraries may serve) with Maps of all Countries,\\nGlobes, some mathematical Instruments, an Apparatus for Experiments in\\nNatural Philosophy, and for Mechanics Prints, of all Kinds, Prospects,\\nBuildings, Machines, c.\\nThat the Rector be a Man of good Understanding, good Morals,\\ndiligent and patient, learn d in the Languages and Sciences, and a correct\\npure Speaker and writer of the English Tongue to have such Tutors under\\nhim as shall be necessary.\\nThat the boarding Scholars diet jtogether, plainly, temperately, and\\nfrugally.\\nThat to keep them in Health, and to strengthen and render active\\ntheir Bodies, they be frequently exercis d in Running, Leaping, Wrestling,\\nand Swimming, c.\\nThat they have peculiar Habits to distinguish them from other\\nYouth, if the Academy be in or near the Town; for this, among other\\nReasons, that their Behaviour may be the better observed.\\nAs to their Studies, it would be well if they could be taught every\\nThing that is useful, and every Thing that is ornamental But Art is\\nlong, and their Time is short. It is therefore proposed that they learn\\nthose Things that are likely to be most useful and most ortiamental, Regard\\nbeing had to the several Professions for which they are intended.\\nAll should be taught to write z.fair Hand, and swift, as that is useful\\nto All. And with it may be learnt something of Drawing, by Imitation\\nof Prints, and some of the first Principles of Perspective.\\nArithtJtetick, Accounts, and some of the first Principles of Geometry\\nand Astronomy.\\nThe English Language might be taught by Grammar, in which some\\nof our best Writers, as Tillotson, Addison, Pope, Algernon Sidney, Catd s\\nLetters, c should be classicks: The Stiles principally to be cultivated,\\nbeing the clear and the concise. Reading should also be taught, and pro-\\nnouncing, properly, distinctly, emphatically not with an even Tone,\\nwhich under-does, nor a theatrical, which over-does Nature.\\nTo form their Stile, they should be put on Writing Letters to each\\nother, making Abstracts of what they read or writing the same Things in\\ntheir own Words telling or writing Stories lately read, in their own\\nExpressions. All to be revised and corrected by the Tutor, who should\\ngive his Reasons, explain the Tone and Import of Words, c.\\nTo form their Pronunciation, they may be put on making Declama-\\ntions, repeating Speeches, delivering Orations, c. The Tutors assisting\\nat the Rehearsals, teaching, advising, correcting their Accent, c.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "49S History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nBut if History be made a constant Part of their Reading, such as\\nthe Translations of the Greek and Roman Historians, and the modern\\nHistories of antient Greece and Rome, c., may not ahnost all Kinds of\\nuseful Knowledge be that Way introduced to Advantage, and with Pleasure\\nto the Student As\\nGeography, by reading with Maps, and being required to point\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0out the Places where the greatest Actions were done, to give their old and\\nnew Names, with the Bounds, Situation, Extent of the Countries con-\\ncern d, c.\\nChronology, by the Help of Helvius or some other Writer of the\\nkind, who will enable them to tell when those Events happened what\\nPrinces were Cotemporaries, what States or famous Men flourished about\\nthat Time, c. The several principal Epochs to be first well fix d in\\ntheir Memories.\\nAntient Customs, religious and civil, being frequently mentioned\\nin History, will give occasion for explaining them in which the Prints of\\nMedals, Basso Relievo s, and antient Monuments will greatly assist.\\nMorality, by descanting and making continual Observations on\\nthe Causes of the Rise or Fall of any Man s Character, Fortune, Power,\\nc., mentioned in History the Advantages of Temperance, Order, Fru-\\ngality, Industry, Perseverance, c. c. Indeed the general natural Ten-\\ndency of Reading good History, must be, to fix in the Minds of Youth\\ndeep Impressions of the Beauty and Usefulness of Virtue of all Kinds,\\nPublick Spirit, Fortitude, c.\\nHistory will show the wonderful effects of Oratory in governing,\\ntraining and leading great Bodies of Mankind, Armies, Cities, Nations.\\nWhen the Minds of Youth are struck with Admiration at this, then is the\\nTime to give them the Principles of that Art, which they will study with\\nTaste and Application. Then they may be made acquainted with the best\\nModels among the Antients, their Beauties being particularly pointed out\\nto them. Modern Political Oratory being chiefly performed by the Pen\\nand Press, its Advantages over the Antients in some Respects are to be\\nshown as that its Effects are more extensive, more lasting, c\\nHistory will also afford frequent Opportunities of showing the\\nNecessity of a Publick Religion, from its Usefulness to the Publick the\\nAdvantages of a Religious Character among private Persons the Mischiefs\\nof Superstition, c., and the Excellency of the Christian Religion\\nabove all others antient or modern.\\nHistory will also give Occasion to expatiate on the Advantage of\\nCivil Orders and Constitutions, how Men and their Properties are protected\\nby joining in Societies and establishing Government their Industry\\nencouraged and rewarded, Arts invented, and Life made more comfortable\\nThe Advantages of Liberty, Mischiefs of Licentiousness, Benefits arising\\nfrom good Laws and a due Execution of Justice, c. Thus may the first\\nPrinciples of sound Politicks be fixed in the Minds of Youth.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 499\\nOn Historical Occasions, Questions of Right and Wrong, Justice and\\nInjustice, will naturally arise, and may be put to Youth, which they may\\ndebate in Conversation and in Writing. When they ardently desire Vic-\\ntory, for the Sake of the Praise attending it, they will begin to feel the Want,\\nand be sensible of the Use of Logic, or the Art of Reasoning to discover\\nTruth, and of Arguing to defend it, and convince Adversaries. This\\nwould be the Time to acquaint them with the Principles of that Art.\\nGrotius, Puffendorff, and some other Writers of the same kind, may be\\nused on these Occasions to decide their Disputes. Publick Disputes warm\\nthe Imagination, whet the Industry, and strengthen the natural Abilities.\\nWhen Youth are told, that the Great Men whose Lives and Actions\\nthey read in History, spoke two of the best Languages that ever were, the\\nmost expressive, copious, beautiful; and that the finest Writings, the most\\ncorrect Compositions, the most perfect Productions of human Wit and\\nWisdom, are in those Languages which have endured Ages, and will endure\\nwhile there are Men; that no Translation can do them justice, or give the\\nPleasure found in Reading the Originals; that those Languages contain all\\nScience; that one of them is become almost universal, |being the Language\\nof Learned Men in all Countries; that to understand them is a distin-\\nguishing ornament, c. they may be thereby made desirous of learning\\nthose Languages, and their Industry sharpen d in the Acquisition of them.\\nAll intended for Divinity should be taught the Latin and Greek for\\nPhysick, the Latin, Greek and French for Law, the Latift and French\\nMerchants, the French, German, and Spanish and though all should not\\nbe compell d to learn Latin, Greek, or the modern foreign Languages; yet\\nnone that have an ardent Desire to learn them should be refused; their\\nEnglish, Arithmetick, and other Studies absolutely necessary, being at the\\nsame Time not neglected.\\nIf the new Universal History were also read, it would give a con-\\nnected Idea of human Affairs, so far as it goes, which should be followed\\nby the best modern Histories, particularly of our Mother Country then of\\nthese Colonies; which should be accompanied with Observations on their\\nRise, Encrease, Use to Great Britain, Encouragements, Discouragements,\\nc., the Means to make them flourish, secure their Liberties, c.\\nWith the History of Men, Times and Nations, should be read at\\nproper Hours or Days, some of the best Histories of Nature, which would\\nnot only be delightful to Youth, and furnish them with Matter for their\\nLetters, c., as well as other History; but afterwards of great use to them,\\nwhether they are Merchants, Handicrafts, or Divines enabling the first the\\nbetter to understand many Commodities, Drugs, c., the second to im-\\nprove his Trade or Handicraft by new Mixtures, Materials, c., and the\\nlast to adorn his Discourses by beautiful Comparisons, and strengthen them\\nby new Proofs of Divine Providence. The Conversation of all will be\\nimproved by it, as Occasions frequently occur of making Natural Observa-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "500 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ntions, which are instructive, agreeable and entertaining in almost all Com-\\npanies. Natural History will also afford Opportunities of introducing\\nmany observations, relating to the Preservation of Health, which may be\\nafterwards of great use. ArlmtJmot on Air and Aliment, Sanctorius on\\nPerspiration, Le^nery on Foods, and some others, may now be read, and a\\nvery little Explanation will make them sufficiently intelligible to Youth.\\nWhile they are reading Natural History, might not a little Gardeniftg,\\nPlanting, Grafting, Inoculating, c., be taught and practised, and now\\nand then Excursions made to the neighboring Plantations of the best\\nFarmers, their Methods observ d and reason d upon for the Information of\\nYouth The Improvement of Agriculture being useful to all, and Skill\\nin it no Disparagement to any.\\nThe History of Commerce, of the Invention of Arts, Rise of Manu-\\nfactures, Progress of Trade, Change of its Seats, with the Reasons, Causes,\\nc., may also be made interesting to Youth, and will be useful to all. And\\nthis with the Accounts in other History of the prodigious Force and Effect\\nof Engines and Machines used in War, will naturally introduce a Desire to\\nbe instructed in Mechanicks, and to be informed of the Principles of that\\nArt by which weak Men perform such Wonders, Labour is sav d, Manu-\\nfactures expedited, c., c. This will be the Time to show them Prints\\nof antient and modern Machines, to explain them, to let them be copied,\\nand to give Lectures in Mechanical Philosophy.\\nWith the whole should be constantly inculcated and cultivated, that\\nBenignity of Mind, which shows itself in searching for and seizing every\\nopportunity to serve and to oblige and is the Foundation of what is called\\nGOOD BREEDING highly useful to the Possessor, and most agreeable\\nto all.\\nThe Idea of what is true Merit, should also be often presented to\\nYouth, explain d and impress d on their Minds, as consisting in an Incli-\\nnation join d with an Ability to serve Mankind, one s Country, Friends\\nand Family; which Ability is (with the Blessing of God) to be acquir d or\\ngreatly increas d by true Learning, and should indeed be the great Aim\\nand End of all Learning.\\nNote. Thomson s lines are found near the close of his Spring, and begin\\nBy degrees\\nThe human blossom blows and every day,\\nSoft as it rolls along, shows some new charm,\\nThe father s lustre, and the mother s bloom.\\nThen infant reason grows apace, and calls\\nFor the kind hand of an assiduous care,\\nDelightful task c., c., c.\\nThe tidings of the poet s death could have reached Franklin but a few weeks\\nbefore making this quotation. T. H. M.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\n501\\nAPPENDIX B.\\nAt a Common Council held at Philadelphia for the City of Phila-\\ndelphia the 30 h Day of July 1750.\\nThomas Lawrence, Esq\\nWilHam Allen, Esqi-,\\nSamuel Hassell\\nEdward Shippen\\nBenj a Shoemaker y\\nJoseph Turner\\nRobert Strettell J\\nPresent.\\nMayor\\nRecorder\\nEsquires,\\nAldermen.\\nSeptimus Robeson\\nJohn Mifflin\\nJohn Stamper\\nBenj a Franklin\\nTho s Hopkinson\\nPhineas Bond\\nTench Francis\\nTho s Lawrence, jun\\nSamuel Rhoads\\nGeorge Mifflin\\nW i Coleman\\nu\\nThe Recorder acquainted the Board there is a Design on Foot\\nfor the Erecting a Publick Academy and Charity School in this City, for\\ninstructing Youth in the several Branches of useful Learning, And that\\ndivers of the Inhabitants have subscribed liberally towards it But as this\\nUndertaking is attended with a great Expence in the Beginning, some\\nfurther Assistance is necessary to carry it into Execution in the best\\nManner. And as this Corporation have a considerable Sum of Money in\\nthe Hands of their Treasurer, and have likewise an Income of about Three\\nHundred pounds p. Annum, besides Fines and Forfeitures, the Recorder\\nproposed that it might be considered, Whether this Design for the Advance-\\nment of Learning, be not worthy of some Encouragement from this Board,\\nas their Circumstances may very well afford it.\\nThe Board having taken this Affair into Consideration, and it appear-\\ning to be a Matter of Consequence, and but a small Number of the Mem-\\nbers now present, it was thought proper to referr the further consideration\\nthereof to the next Common Council It is therefore Ordered, That the\\nMembers of this Board have Notice to meet Tomorrow at four a Clock in\\nthe Afternoon, to consider of a Proposal of contributing a Sum of Money\\nfor the Encouragement of the Academy Charity School now erecting in\\nthis City.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "502 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAt a Common Council held at Philadelphia the 31^ Day of July\\n1750.\\nThomas Lawrence, Es\\nWilliam Allen, Esq^,\\nSamuel Hassell\\nAnthony Morris\\nJoseph Turner\\nRobert Strettell\\nEdwd Shippen\\nBenjamin Shoemaker\\nWilliam Plumsted\\nPresent.\\nq r Mayor\\nRecorder\\nr u\\nu\\nSeptimus Robeson\\nTench Francis\\nBenjamin Franklin\\nSamuel M^Call, jun\\nJohn Inglis\\nWilliam Shippen\\nThomas Bond\\nThos Hopkinson\\nThos Lawrence, jun\\nNathi Allen\\nJoseph Sims\\nGeorge Mifflin\\nWilliam Coleman\\nJohn Wilcocks\\nJohn Stamper.\\nThe Board resumed the Consideration of the Proposal made at the\\nlast Common Council, of contributing a Sum of Money for the Encourage-\\nment of the Academy Charity School now erecting in this City And a\\nPaper containing an Account of what is already done by the Trustees of the\\nAcademy, and what Advantages are expected from that Undertaking being\\nlaid before the Board, was read, and follows in these Words\\nThe Trustees of the Academy have already laid out near ^800, in\\nthe Purchase of the Building, and will probably expend near as much more\\nin fitting up Rooms for the Schools, furnishing them with proper Books,\\nInstruments for the Instruction of Youth.\\nThe greatest Part of the Money paid to be paid is subscribed by\\nthe Trustees themselves, and advanced by them Many of whom have no\\nchildren of their own to educate, but act from a View to the Publick Good,\\nwithout Regard to sect or party. And they have engaged to open a Charity\\nSchool within two Years for the Instruction of Poor Children gratis, in\\nReading, Writing and Arithmetick, and the first Principles of Virtue and\\nPiety.\\nThe Benefits expected from this Institution are\\nI. That the Youth of Pensilvania may have an Opportunity of\\nreceiving a good Education at home, and be under no necessity of going\\nabroad for it Whereby not only considerable Expense may be saved to\\nthe Country, but a stricter Eye may be had over their morals by their\\nFriends and Relations.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 503\\n2, That a Number of our Natives will be hereby qualified to bear Magis-\\ntracies, and execute other public offices of Trust, with Reputation to them-\\nselves Country there being at present great Want of Persons so quali-\\nfied in the several Counties of this Province. And this is the more\\nnecessary now to be provided for by the English here, as vast Numbers of\\nForeigners are yearly imported among us, totally ignorant of our Laws,\\nCustoms, and Language.\\n3. That a Number of the poorer Sort will hereby be quahfied to\\nact as Schoolmasters in the Country, to teach Children Reading, Writing,\\nArithmetic, and the Grammar of their Mother Tongue and being of good\\nmorals and known character, may be recommended from the Academy to\\nCountry Schools for that purpose The Country suffering at present very\\nmuch for want of good Schoolmasters, and oblig d frequently to employ in\\ntheir Schools, vicious imported Servants, or concealed Papists, who by\\ntheir bad Examples and Instructions often deprave the Morals or corrupt\\nthe Principles of the Children under their Care\\n4. It is thought that a good Academy erected in Philadelphia, a\\nhealthy place where Provisions are plenty, situated in the Center of the\\nColonies, may draw numbers of Students from the neighbouring Provinces,\\nwho must spend considerable Sums yearly among us, in Payment for\\ntheir Lodging, Diet, Apparel, c., which will be an Advantage to our\\nTraders, Artisans and Owners of Houses and Lands. This Advantage is\\nso considerable, that it has been frequently observed in Europe, that the\\nfixing a good School or College in a litde inland Village, has been the\\nmeans of making it a great Town in a few Years and therefore the mag-\\nistrates of many Places, have offer d and given great yearly salaries, to\\ndraw learned Instructors from other Countries to their respective Towns,\\nmerely with a View to the Interest of the Inhabitants.\\nNumbers of people have already generously subscribed considerable\\nsums to carry on this Undertaking but others, well disposed, are some-\\nwhat discouraged from contributing, by an Apprehension, lest when the\\nfirst Subscriptions are expended, the Design should drop\\n,The great Expence of such a Work is in the Beginning. If the\\nAcademy be once well-open d, good Masters provided, and good Orders\\nestablished, there is Reason to believe (from many former Examples in\\nother Countries) that it will be able after a few years to support itself.\\nSome Assistance from the Corporation is immediately wanted and\\nhoped for and it is thought that if this Board, which is a perpetual Body,\\ntake the Academy under their Patronage, and afford it some Encourage-\\nment, it will greatly strengthen the Hands of all concerned, and be a", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "504 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nmeans of Establishing this good Work, and continuing the good Effects of\\nit down to our late Posterity.\\nThe Board having weighed the great Usefulness of this Design, after\\nseveral Propositions heard debated, agreed That a Sum of Money be\\ngiven by this Board paid down, towards compleating the Building\\nwhich the Trustees have purchased, and are now fitting up for the\\nPurpose and likewise, that a Sum or Sums be given yearly by this Board,\\nfor five Years to come, towards the support Maintenance of the Schools\\nunder the Direction of the said Trustees. Whereupon the following\\nQuestions were put and carried in the Affirmative.\\nI Whether this Board will give the Sum of Two Hundred Pounds,\\nto be paid immediately to the Trustees of the Academy, towards compleat-\\ning the Building purchased by the said Trustees for an Academy Charity\\nSchool in this City Which was carried in the Affirmative by a great\\nMajority.\\n2. Whether this Board will give Fifty pounds p. annum for five years\\nnext ensuing, to The Trustees of The Academy, towards supporting a\\nCharity School for the Teaching of poor Children Reading, Writing and\\nArithmetick\\nWhich was unanimously agreed to.\\n3. Whether this Board will give Fifty Pounds p. annum for the five\\nyears next ensuing, to the Trustees of the Academy, for the Benefit thereof,\\nwith Condition that this Board shall have a Right of nominating and send-\\ning one Scholar Yearly from the Charity School, to be instructed gratis\\nin the Academy in any or all of the Branches of Learning there taught\\nWhich was carried in the Affirmative by a great Majority.\\nAt a Common Council held for the City of Philadelphia the 21st Day\\nof March, 1750-51.\\nPresent\\nCommon Council Men\\nWilliam Plumsted, Esq^e, Mayor Joshua Maddox\\nTench Francis, Esq Recorder Samuel Rhoads\\nRobert Strettell John Stamper\\nAnthony Morris S Israel Pemberton\\nThomas Lawrence V Joseph Morris\\nEdward Shippen 2 Benjamin Franklin\\nSamuel Hasell J William Logan\\nGeorge Mifflin\\nWilliam Coleman", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 505\\nAlderman Lawrence acquainted the Board that the Sum of One Hun-\\ndred Pounds is due to him from this Corporation, being his Salary as\\nMayor of this City for the last Year, pursuant to a Vote of this Board of\\nthe 1 8th of September, 1747, whereby it was resolved that such Salary\\nshould be paid to the Mayor of this City for the three Years then next\\nensuing And that, as some late Mayors, in lieu of an Entertainment, had\\ngiven a Sum of Money for some publick Use, he was inclined to follow the\\nExample, and proposed to give the Sum of One Hundred Pounds for the\\nUse of the Academy in this City which Proposal was approved of by a\\ngreat Majority And at Alderman Lawrence s Request, the Treasurer of\\nthis Corporation is order d to pay the said Sum to William Coleman in\\nBehalf of the Trustees of the said Academy, for the Use aforesaid.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "5o6 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAPPENDIX C.\\nBerkeley, Johnson, and Franklin CoRRESPONnENCE.\\nFrom Ur. Beardsley s Life of Samuel Johnson, D. D.\\nBishop Berkeley to Dr. Johnson.\\nCloyviQ, Atigtist 22,, 1749.\\nRev. Sir, I am obliged for the account you have sent me of the\\nprosperous estate of learning in your College of New Haven, I approve\\nof the regulations made there, and am particularly pleased to find your\\nsons have made such a progress as appears from their elegant address to\\nme in the Latin tongue. It must indeed give me a very sensible satisfac-\\ntion to hear that my weak endeavors have been of some use and service to\\nthat part of the world. I have two letters of yours at once on my hands\\nto answer, for which business of various kinds must be my apology. As\\nto the first, wherein you inclosed a small pamphlet relating to tar-water, I\\ncan only say in behalf of those points in which the ingenious author\\nseems to dissent from me, that I advance nothing which is not grounded\\non experience, as may be seen at large in Mr. Prior s narrative of the\\neffects of tar-water, printed three or four years ago, and which may be\\nsupposed to have reached America.\\nFor the rest, I am glad to find a spirit towards learning prevail in\\nthose parts, particularly New York, where you say a College is projected,\\nwhich has my best wishes. At the same time I am sorry that the condi-\\ntion of Ireland, containing such numbers of poor uneducated people, for\\nwhose sake Charity Schools are erecting throughout the kingdom, obligeth\\nus to draw charities from England so far are we from being able to extend\\nour bounty to New York, a country in proportion much richer than our\\nown. But as you are pleased to desire my advice upon this undertaking,\\nI send the following hints to be enlarged and improved by your own\\njudgment.\\nI would not advise the applying to England for charters or statutes\\n(which might cause great trouble, expense, and delay), but to do the busi-\\nness quietly within themselves.\\nI believe it may suffice to begin with a President and two Fellows.\\nIf they can procure but three fit persons, I doubt not the college from the\\nsmallest beginnings would soon grow considerable I should conceive good\\nhopes were you at the head of it.\\nLet them by all means supply themselves out of the seminaries in\\nNew England (who are willing to go) worth sending.\\nLet the Greek and Latin classics be well taught. Be this the first", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 507\\ncare as to learning. But the principle care must be good life and morals\\nto which (as well as to study) early hours and temperate meals will much\\nconduce.\\nIf the terms for degrees are the same as in Oxford and Cambridge,\\nthis would give credit to the College, and pave the way for admitting their\\ngraduates ad eundeni in the English Universities.\\nSmall premiums in books, or distinctions in habit, may prove useful\\nencouragements to the students.\\nI would advise that the building be regular, plain, and cheap, and\\nthat each student have a small room (about ten feet square) to himself.\\nI recommended this nascent seminary to an English bishop, to try\\nwhat might be done there. But by his answer it seems the colony is\\nis judged rich enough to educate its own youth.\\nColleges from small beginnings grow great by subsequent bequests\\nand benefactions. A small matter will suffice to set one a going. And\\nwhen this is once well done, there is no doubt that it will grow and thrive.\\nThe chief concern must be to set out in a good method, and introduce,\\nfrom the very first, a good taste into the society. For this end the princi-\\npal expense should be in making a handsome provision for the President\\nand Fellows.\\n1 have thrown together these few crude thoughts for you to ruminate\\nupon, and digest in your own udgment, and propose from yourself, as you\\nsee convenient.\\nMy correspondence with patients who drink tar water, obliges me to\\nbe less punctual in corresponding with my friends. But 1 shall be always\\nglad to hear from you. My sincere good wishes and prayers attend you\\nin all your laudable undertakings.\\nI am your faithful, humble servant,\\nG. Cloyne.\\nMr. Franklin to Dr. Johnson.\\nPhiladelphia, Atig. 9, 1750.\\nRev. Sir, At my return home I found your favor of June the 28th,\\nwith the Bishop of Cloyne s letter inclosed, which I will take care of, and\\nbeg leave to keep a little longer.\\nMr, Francis, our Attorney General, who was with me at your house,\\nfrom the conversation then had with you, and reading some of your pieces,\\nhas conceived an esteem for you equal to mine. The character we have\\ngiven of you to the other trustees, and the sight of your letters relating to\\nthe academy, has made them very desirous of engaging you in that design,\\nas a person whose experience and judgment would be of great use in form-\\ning rules and establishing good methods in the beginning, and whose name\\nfor learning would give it a reputation. We only lament, that in the\\ninfant state of our funds, we cannot make you an offer equal to your merit.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "5o8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nBut as the view of being useful has most weight with generous and benevo-\\nlent minds, and in this affair you may do great service not only to the\\npresent but to future generations, I flatter myself sometimes that if you\\nwere here, and saw things as they are, and conversed a little with our\\npeople, you might be prevailed with to remove. I would therefore earnestly\\npress you to make us a visit as soon as you conveniently can and in the\\nmean time let me represent to you some of the circumstances as they\\nappear to me.\\n1. The Trustees of the Academy are applying for a charter, which\\nwill give an opportunity of improving and modeling our Constitution in\\nsuch a manner as, when we have your advice, shall appear best. I suppose\\nwe shall have power to form a regular college.\\n2. If you would undertake the management of the English Education,\\nI am satisfied the trustees would, on your account, make the salary ^loo\\nsterling, (they have already voted ^150 currency which is not far from it),\\nand pay the charge of your removal. Your son might also be employed\\nas tutor at ^60 or perhaps ^70 per annum.\\n3. It has been long observed, that our church is not sufficient to\\naccommodate near the number of people who would willingly have seats\\nthere. The buildings increase very fast towards the south end of the town,\\nand many of the principal merchants now live there which being at a\\nconsiderable distance from the present church, people begin to talk much\\nof building another, and ground has been offered as a gift for that purpose.\\nThe Trustees of the Academy are three fourths of them members of the\\nChurch of England, and the rest men of moderate principles. They have\\nreserved in the building a large hall for occasional preaching, public\\nlectures, orations, etc. it is 70 feet by 60, furnished with a handsome\\npulpit, seats, etc. In this Mr. Tennent collected his congregation who are\\nnow building him a meeting-house. In the same place, by giving now\\nand then a lecture, you might, with equal ease, collect a congregation that\\nwould in a short time build you a church, if it should be agreeable to you.\\nIn the mean time, I imagine you will receive something considerable\\nyearly, arising from marriages and christenings in the best families, etc.,\\nnot to mention presents that are not unfrequent from a wealthy people to a\\nminister they like and though the whole may not amount to more than a\\ndue support, yet I think it will be a comfortable one. And when you are\\nwell settled in a church of your own, your son may be qualified by years\\nand experience to succeed you in the Academy or if you rather choose to\\ncontinue in the Academy, your son might probably be fixed in the Church.\\nThese are my private sentiments which I have communicated only to\\nMr. Francis, who entirely agrees with me. I acquainted the trustees that\\nI would write to you, but could give them no dependence that you would\\nbe prevailed on to remove. They will, however, treat with no other till I\\nhave your answer.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 509\\nYou will see by our newspaper, which I inclose, that the Corporation\\nof this city have voted ^200 down and ^100 a year out of their revenues\\nto the Trustees of the Academy. As they are a perpetual body, choosing\\ntheir own successors, and so not subject to be changed by the caprice of a\\ngovernor or of the people, and as 18 of the members (some the most\\nleading) are of the trustees, we look on this donation to be as good as so\\nmuch real estate being confident it will be continued as long as it is well\\napplied, and even increased, if there should be occasion. We have now\\nnear _;^5,ooo subscribed, and expect some considerable sums besides may\\nbe procured from the merchants of London trading hither. And as we are\\nin the centre of the Colonies, a healthy place, with plenty of provisions,\\nwe suppose a good Academy here may draw numbers of youth for educa-\\ntion from the neighboring Colonies, and even from the West Indies.\\nI will shortly print proposals for publishing your pieces by subscrip-\\ntion, and disperse them among my friends along the continent My\\ncompliments to Mrs. Johnson and your son and Mr, and Mrs. Walker\\nyour good neighbors.\\nI am, with great esteem and respect. Sir,\\nYour most humble servant,\\nB. Franklin.\\nP. S. There are some other things best treated of when we have the\\npleasure of seeing you. It begins now to be pleasant travelling. I wish\\nyou would conclude to visit us in the next month at farthest. Whether\\nthe journey produce the effect we desire or not, it shall be no expense to\\nyou.\\nDr. Peters to Dr. Johnson.\\nPhiladelphia, Aug. 6, 1750.\\nReverend Sir, I am obliged to you for the honor you did me in\\nyour compliments by Mr. Franklin and Mr. Francis. They said so many\\ngood things of your abilities and inchnations to promote useful knowledge,\\nand the Trustees of the Academy are so much in want of your advice and\\nassistance, that, though personally unknown to you, I must take the free-\\ndom, from a hint that such a journey would not be disagreeable to you, to\\ngive you an invitation to my house. Let me, good Sir, have the pleasure\\nof conversing with a gentleman whose character I have a long time esteemed,\\nand provided your journey be not between the 20th October and ist Novem-\\nber, when I am obhged to attend the Governor and Assembly at New\\nCastle, I will meet you at Trenton or Brunswick, or any other place you\\nshall appoint. I will tell you beforehand, that can my friends or I find any\\nexpedient to engage your residence among us, I will leave nothing unat-\\ntempted in the power of. Reverend Sir,\\nYour affectionate brother and humble servant,\\nRichard Peters.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "5 TO History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nDr. Johnson to Dr. Peters,\\n(from Dr. Johnson s draft.)\\nAug-. 1 6,\\nSir, I am extremely obliged to you for the honor you have done\\nme in writing so kind and polite a letter to me, who am a perfect stranger\\nto you, a person whose real character I doubt you will find much below\\nwhat the candor of the openly friendly gentlemen have represented. You\\nwill see by my letter to Mr. Franklin what difficulties lie in my way with\\nregard to my residence among you, which otherwise would, doubtless, be\\nvastly agreeable to me. However, as I do think in earnest, if practicable,\\nto make a tour to Philadelphia in acknowledgment of the great kindness\\nyou express towards me, I shall most gratefully accept of your kind invita-\\ntion, and let you know beforehand when to expect me. If I can come at\\nall it will be before the time you mention, but I would first see my brethren\\nhere together at our Commencement on the 2d week in Sept., by convers-\\ning with whom I shall be the better able to make adjustment whether a\\nremove would be practicable. Meantime,\\nI remain. Sir, etc.,\\nS. J.\\nMr. Franklin to Dr. Johnson.\\nPhiladelphia, At(\u00c2\u00a3: 23, 1750.\\nDear Sir, We received your favor of the i6th inst. Mr. Peters\\nwill hardly have time to write to you per this post, and I must be short.\\nMr Francis spent the last evening with me, and we were all glad to hear\\nthat you seriously meditate a visit after the middle of next month, and that\\nyou will inform us by a line when to expect you. We drank your health\\nand Mrs Johnson s, remembering your kind entertainment of us at Strat-\\nford.\\nI think, with you, that nothing is of more importance for the public\\nweal, than to form and train up youth in wisdom and virtue. Wise and\\ngood men are, in my opinion, the strength of a State much more so than\\nriches or arms, which, under the management of ignorance and wicked-\\nness, often draw on destruction, instead of providing for the safety of the\\npeople. And though the culture bestowed on w/a/y should be successful\\nonly with a /fw, yet the influence of those few, and the service in their\\npower, may be very great. Even a single woman, that was wise by her\\nwisdom saved a city.\\nI think, also, that general virtue is more probably to be expected and\\nobtained from the education of youth than from the exhortation of adult\\npersons; bad habits and vices of the mind being, like diseases of the body,\\nmore easily prevented than cured. I think, moreover, that talents for the\\neducation of youth are the gift of God; and that he on whom they are\\nbestowed, whenever a way is opened for the use of them, is as strongly", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 511\\ntailed as if he heard a voice from heaven. Nothing more surely pointing\\nout duty, in a public service, than ability and opportunity of performing it.\\nI have not yet discoursed with Dr. Jenney concerning your removal\\nhither. You have reason, I own, to doubt whether your coming on the\\nfoot I proposed would not be disagreeable to him, though I think it ought\\nnot. For should his particular interest be somewhat affected by it, that\\nought not to stand in competition with the general good especially as it\\ncannot be much affected, he being old, and rich, and without children. I\\nwill however learn his sentiments before the next post. But, whatever influ-\\nence they might have on your determinations about removing, they need\\nhave none on your intention of visiting. And if you favor us with the\\nvisit, it is not necessary that you should previously write to him to learn\\nhis dispositions about your removal, since you will see him, and when we\\nare all together those things may be better settled in conversation than by\\nletters at a distance. Your tenderness of the Church s peace is truly laud-\\nable; but, methinks, to build a new church in a growing place is not\\nproperly dividing but vinltiplyijig and will really be a means of increas-\\ning the number of those who worship God in that way. Many who cannot\\nnow be accommodated in the church go to other places or stay at home\\nand if we had another church, many, who go to other places or stay at\\nhome, would go to church. I suppose the interest of the Church has been\\nfar from suffering in Boston by the building of two churches there in my\\nmemory. I had for several years nailed against the wall of my house, a\\npigeon -box that would hold six pair; and though they bred as fast as my\\nneighbor s pigeons, I never had more than six pair; the old and strong\\ndriving out the young and weak, and obliging them to seek new habita-\\ntions. At length I put up an additional box, with apartments for enter-\\ntaining twelve pair more, and it was soon filled with inhabitants, by the\\noverflowing of my first box and of others in the neighborhood. This I\\ntake to be a parallel case with the building of a new church here.\\nYour years, I think, are not so many as to be an objection of any\\nweight, especially considering the vigor of your constitution. For the\\nsmall-pox, if it should spread here, you might inoculate with great proba-\\nbility of safety and I think that distemper generally more favorable here\\nthan further northward. Your objection about the politeness of Philadel-\\nphia, and your imagined rusticity, is mere compliment and your diffidence\\nof yourself absolutely groundless. My humble respects, if you please, to\\nyour brethren at the Commencement. I hope they will advise you to what\\nis most for the good of the whole, and then I think they will advise you to\\nmove hither.\\nPlease to tender my best respects and service to Mrs. Johnson and\\nyour son.\\nI am, dear Sir,\\nYour obliged and affectionate, humble serv\\nB. Franklin.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "512 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nMr. Franklin to Dr. Johnson.\\nDear Sir, I am sorry to hear of your illness. If you have not been\\nused to the fever-and-ague let me give you one caution. Don t imagine\\nyourself thoroughly cured, and so omit the use of the bark too soon.\\nRemember to take the preventing doses faithfully. If you were to continue\\ntaking a dose or two every day for two or three weeks after the fits have\\nleft you, twould not be amiss. If you take the powder mixed quick in a\\ntea-cup of milk, tis no way disagreeable, but looks and even tastes like\\nchocolate. Tis an old saying That an ounce of prevention is worth a\\npound of cure, and certainly a true one, with regard to the bark a little\\nof which will do more in preventing the fits than a great deal in removing\\nthem\\nBut if your health would permit I should not expect the pleasure of\\nseeing you soon. The small-pox spreads apace, and is now in all quarters;\\nyet as we have only children to have it, and the Doctors inoculate apace, I\\nbelieve they will soon drive it through the town so that you may possibly\\nvisit us with safety in the spring. In the meantime we should be glad to\\nknow the result you came to after consulting your brethren at the Com-\\nmencement. Messrs. Peters and Francis have directed me on all occa-\\nsions to present their compliments to you. Please to acquaint me if you\\npropose to make any considerable additions to the Ethics, that I may\\nbe able in the proposals to compute the bigness of the book.\\nI am, with sincere esteem and respect, dear Sir,\\nYour most obliged humble servant,\\nB. Franklin.\\nPhiladelphia, September 13, 1750.\\nInclosed I return the good Bishop s letter with thanks.\\nMr. Franklin to Dr. Johnson.\\nPhiladelphia, December 2/\\\\^, 175 1.\\nDear Sir, I received your favor of the i ith inst. and thank you for\\nthe hint you give of the omission in the Idea. The Sacred Classics\\nare read in the English school, though I forgot to mention them And I\\nshall propose at the meeting of the Schools, after the Holidays, that the\\nEnglish master begin and continue to read select portions of them daily\\nwith the prayers as you advise.\\nBut if you can be thus useful to us at this distance, bow much more\\nmight you be so if you were present with us, and had the immediate\\ninspection and government of the schools. I wrote to you in my last that\\nMr Martin our Rector died suddenly of a quinsy. His body was carried\\nto the Church, respectfully attended by the trustees, all the masters and\\nscholars in their order, and a great number of the citizens, Mr. Peters\\npreached his funeral sermon, and gave him the just and honorable char-\\nacter he deserved. The schools are now broke up for Christmas, and will", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 513\\nnot meet again till the 7th of January. Mr. Peters took care of the Latin\\nand Greek School after Mr. Martin s death till the breaking up. And Mr.\\nAllison, a dissenting minister, has promised to continue that care for a\\nmonth after their next meedng. Is it impossible for you to make us a visit\\nin that time I hope by the next post to know something of your senti-\\nments, that I may be able to speak more positively to the Trustees con-\\ncerning the probability of your being prevailed with to remove hither.\\nThe English master is Mr. Dove, a gentleman about your age, who\\nformerly taught grammar sixteen years at Chichester in England. He is\\nan excellent master, and his scholars have made a surprising progress.\\nI shall send some of the CEconomies to Mr. Havens per next post.\\nIf you have a spare one of your Essays on the Method of Study, the\\nEnglish edition, please to send it me.\\nMy wife joins in the compliments of the season to you and Mrs.\\nJohnson, with, dear Sir,\\nYour affectionate humble servant,\\nB. Franklin.\\nDr. Johnson to Mr. Franklin.\\n(From Dr. Johnson s Draft.)\\nDear Sir, I now write my most thankful acknowledgments for\\nyour two kind letters of December 24 and January 8, and have received\\nyour most obliging letters of the summer before last, to which you refer\\nme. There was one of August 23, to which I did not make a particular\\nreply by reason of my illness at that time. In that you reasoned, I own,\\nin a very forcible manner upon the head of duty. You argued that ability,\\nwith opportunity, manifestly pointed out duty, as though it were a voice\\nfrom Heaven. This, Sir, I agree to, and therefore have always endeavored\\nto use what little ability I have that way in the best manner I could, having\\nnever been without pupils of one sort or other half year at a time, and\\nseldom that, for thirty-eight years. And, thank God, I have the great satisfac-\\ntion to see some of them in the first pulpits, not only in Connecticut, but also\\nin Boston and New York, and others in some of the first places in the land.\\nBut I am now plainly in the decline of life, both as to activity of body and\\nvigor of mind, and must, therefore, consider myself as being an Emeritiis,\\nand unfit for any new situation in the world or to enter on any new business,\\nespecially at such a distance from my hitherto sphere of action and my\\npresent situation, where I have as much duty on my hands as I am capable\\nof and where my removal would make too great a breach to be counter-\\nvailed by any good I am capable of doing elsewhere, for which I have but a\\nsmall chance left for much opportunity. So that I must beg my good\\nfriends at Philadelphia to excuse me, and I pray God they may be directed\\nto a better choice And as Providence has so unexpectedly provided so", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "514 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nworthy a person as Mr. Dove for your other purpose, I hope the same good\\nProvidence will provide for this. I am not personally acquainted with Mr.\\nWinthrop, the Professor at Cambridge, but what I have heard of him,\\nperhaps he might do. But I rather think it would be your best way to try\\nif you cannot get some friend and faithful gentleman at home, of good\\njudgment and care, to inquire and try if some worthy Fellow of one or\\nother of the Universities could not be obtained. Perhaps Mr. Peters or\\nMr. Dove may know of some acquaintance of theirs, that might do likely\\ndulcius ex ipsis fortibus. Your son intimated that you had thought of a\\nvoyage home yourself if you should you might undoubtedly look out a\\nfit person to be had, and you had better do as you can for some time than not\\nbe well provided. I could, however, wish to make you a visit in the Spring,\\nif the way were safe, but it seems the small-pox is propagating at New York,\\nand perhaps you will be scarcely free of it. Meantime you have, indeed,\\nmy heart with you as though I were ever so much with you in presence, and if\\nthere were any good office in my power you might freely command it. I\\nthank you for sending the two sheets of my Noetica which are done\\nwith much care. I find no defects worth mentioning but what were\\nprobably my own. At page 62, 1. 19, there should have been a after\\nuniversal, and 1. 2ia(;) after affirmative. On reviewing the\\nformer sheets I observe a neglect, p. 30, 1. 24, on account of which,\\nand p. 36, 1. 3, there should be a after is.\\nI am very much obliged to you for Short and the Ahnanac and my\\nwife for hers. I have had five parcels of the (Economies and Fisher.\\nI think you told me they were a dollar each parcel, besides that of Havens,\\nwho desires you to send him another parcel, and begs you to send one or\\nmore of your pieces on Electricity, published in England. By your\\nson s account I am much charmed with this, and beg if you have a spare\\ncopy to send it me. And as you desire a copy of my Introduction,\\nsince I had many sent me from home, I send a half dozen of which with\\nmy humble service to Messrs: Peters and Francis and your son, pray them\\nto accept each a copy. My wife and son, with me, desire our service may\\nbe acceptable to them and Mrs. Franklin and your son.\\nI am, Sir, etc.\\nS.J.\\nMr. Franklin to Dr. Johnson.\\nPhiladelphia, y///)/, 2, 52.\\nRev. Sir, 1 have sent you, via New York, twenty-four of your\\nbooks bound as those I sent per post. The remainder of the fifty are\\nbinding in a plainer manner, and shall be sent as soon as done and left at\\nMr. Stuyvesant s as your order.\\nOur Academy, which you so kindly inquire after, goes on well.\\nSince Mr. Martin s death the Latin and Greek School has been under the", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 515\\ncare of Mr. Allison, a Dissenting Minister, well skilled in those lan-\\nguages and long practiced in teaching But he refused the Rectorship, or\\nto have anything to do with the government of the other schools. So that\\nremains vacant, and obliges the Trustees to more frequent visits. We\\nhave now several young gentlemen desirous of entering on the study of\\nPhilosophy, and Lectures are to be opened this week. Mr. Allison under-\\ntakes Logic and Ethics, making your work his text to comment and lecture\\nupon. Mr. Peters and some other gentlemen undertake the other\\nbranches, till we shall be provided with a Rector capable of the whole,\\nwho may attend wholly to the instructions of youth in the higher parts of\\nlearning as they come out fitted from the lower schools. Our proprietors\\nhave lately wrote that they are extremely well pleased with the design, will\\ntake our Seminary under their patronage, give us a charter, and, as an\\nearnest of their benevolence. Five Hundred Pounds sterling. And by\\nour opening a Charity School, in which near one hundred poor children\\nare taught Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, with the rudiments of reli-\\ngion, we have gained the general good will of all sorts of people, from\\nwhence donations and bequests may be reasonably expected to accrue from\\ntime to time. This is our present situation, and we think it a promising\\none especially as the reputation of our schools increases, the masters\\nbeing all very capable and diligent and giving great satisfaction to all con-\\ncerned. I have heard of no exceptions yet made to your work, nor do I\\nexpect any, unless to those parts that savor of what is called Berkeley-\\nanism, which is not well understood here. When any occur I shall com-\\njnunicate them.\\nWith great esteem and respect, I am, dear Sir,\\nYour obliged humble serv t,\\nB. Franklin.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "1 6 History of the University of Pennsylvania,\\nAPPENDIX D.\\nAnnouncement of the Opening of King s College.\\nMay 31, 1754.\\nAdvertisement.\\nTo such Parents as have noiu {or expect to have) children prepared\\nto be educated in the College of New York.\\nI AS the Gentlemen who are appointed by the Assembly, to be\\nTrustees of the intended Seminary or College of New York, have thought\\nfit to appoint me to take Charge of it, and have concluded to set up a\\nCourse of Tuition in the learned Languages, and in the liberal Arts and\\nSciences They have judged it advisable, that I should publish this Adver-\\ntisement, to inform such as have Children ready for a College Education,\\nthat it is proposed to begin Tuition upon the first Day of July next, at the\\nVestry Room in the new School House, adjoining to Trinity Church in\\nNew York, which the Gentlemen of the Vestry are so good as to favour\\nthem with the Use of in the Interim, till a convenient Place may be built.\\nII. The lowest Qualifications they have judged requisite, in order to\\nAdmission into the said College, are as follows, viz. That they be able to\\nread well, and write a good legible Hand and that they be well versed in\\nthe Five first Rules in Arithmetic, i. e. as far as Division and Reduction\\nand as to Latin and Greek, That they have a good Knowledge in the\\nGrammars, and be able to make grammatical Latin, and both in con-\\nstruing and parsing, to give a good Account of two or three of the first\\nOrations of lully, and of the first Books of Virgil s jEneid, and some of\\nthe first Chapters of the Gospel of St. John, in Greek. In these Books\\ntherefore they may expect to be examined but higher Quahfications must\\nhereafter be expected and if there be any of the higher Classes in any\\nCollege, or under private Instruction, that incline to come hither, they\\nmay expect Admission to proportionably higher classes here.\\nIII. And that People may be the better satisfied in sending their\\nChildren for Education to this College, it is to be understood, that as to\\nReligion, there is no Intention to impose on the Scholars, the peculiar\\nTenets of any particular Sect of Christians but to inculcate upon their\\ntender minds, the great Principles of Christianity and Morality, in which\\ntrue Christians of each Denomination are generally agreed. And as to", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 517\\nthe daily Worship in the College Morning and Evening, it is proposed\\nthat it should, ordinarily, consist of such a Collection of Lessons, Prayers\\nand Praises of the Liturgy of the Church, as are for the most Part, taken\\nout of the Holy Scriptures, and such as are agreed on by the Trustees, to\\nbe in the best Manner expressive of our common Christianity and as to\\nany peculiar Tenets, every one is left to judge freely for himself, and to\\nbe required only to attend constantly at such Places of Worship, on the\\nLord s Day, as their Parents or Guardians shall think fit to order or permit.\\nIV, The chief Thing that is aimed at in this College is, to teach and\\nengage the Children to know God in Jesus Christ, and to love and serve\\nhim, in all Sobriety, Godliness and Righteoicsness of Life, with a perfect\\nHeart and Willing Mind and to train them up in all virtuous Habits,\\nand all such useful Knowledge as may render them creditable to their\\nFamilies and Friends, Ornaments to their Country, and useful to the\\npublic Weal in their Generations. To which good Purposes, it is earnestly\\ndesired, that their Parents, Guardians, and Masters, would train them up\\nfrom their Cradles under strict Government, and in all Seriousness, Virtue\\nand Industry, that they may be qualified to make orderly and tractable\\nmembers of this Society and, above all, that in order hereunto, they be\\nvery careful themselves, to set them good Examples of true Piety and\\nVirtue in their own Conduct. For as Examples have a very powerful\\nInfluence over young Minds, and especially those of their Parents, in\\nvain are they solicitous for a good Education for their Children, if they\\nthemselves set before them Examples of Impiety and Profaneness, or of\\nany sort of Vice whatsoever.\\nV. And, lastly, a serious, virtuous, and industrious Course of Life,\\nbeing first provided for, it is further the Design of this College, to instruct\\nand perfect the Youth in the learned Languages, and in the Arts of reason-\\ning exactly, of writing correctly, and speaking eloquently and in the\\nArts of 7iumbering and measuring; of Surveying and Navigation, of Geog-\\nraphy and History, of Husbandry, Commerce and Government, and in\\nthe Knowledge of all Nature in the Heavens above us, and in the Air,\\nWater and Earth around us, and the various kinds of Meteors, Stones,\\nMines and Minerals, Plants and Animals, and of everything useful for the\\nComfort, the Convenience and Elegance of Life, in the chief Manufactures\\nrelating to any of these Things And finally, to lead them from the\\nStudy of Nature to the Knowledge of themselves, and of the God of\\nNature, and their Duty to him, themselves, and one another, and every\\nThing that can contribute to their true Happiness, both here and hereafter.\\nThus much, Geiitlemen, it was thought proper to advertise you of\\nconcerning the Nature and Design of this College And I pray God, it\\nmay be attended with all the Success you can wish, for the best Good of", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "5i8 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nthe rising Generations to which, (while I continue here) I shall willingly\\ncontribute my Endeavours to the Utmost of my Power,\\nW/io am, Gentle^nen,\\nYour real Friend,\\nAnd most humble Servant,\\nSamuel Johnson.\\nTV. B. The Charge of the Tuition is established by the Trustees to\\nto be only 25 s. for each Quarter.\\nThe New York Gazette or Weekly Post Boy, June 3, 1754.\\nThis is to acquaint all whom it may concern, that I shall attend at\\nthe vestry room, in the school-house, near the English-Church on Tues-\\ndays and Thursdays, every Week, between the hours of nine and twelve,\\nto examine such as offer themselves to be admitted into the college.\\nS. Johnson.\\nThe New York Mercury, Monday, July i, 1754.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "HiSTOKY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 519\\nAPPENDIX E.\\nAccount of the College and Academy in\\nThe American Magazine, October, 1758, p. 630 ut. seq.\\n[Written by Provost Smith.]\\nTo THE Proprietors, c.\\nGentlemen\\nAMONG your various publications for the Advancement of virtue and\\nliterature I observe that you have hitherto given no account of the College\\nand Academy of this place, altho you have no doubt been beholden to the\\nmembers of that institution for many of those monthly performances,\\nwhich have been so considerable an ornament to your work. To supply that\\ndefect you will, therefore, accept from me the following brief and genuine\\naccount of its Rise, Progress, and present state.\\nIn the year 1749, a number of private gentlemen, who had long\\nregretted it as misfortune to the youth of this province, that we had no\\npublic Seminary, in which they might receive the accomplishments of a\\nregular education, published a paper of hints and proposals for erecting an\\nacademy in this city. They observed very justly that the good education\\nof youth has been esteemed by wise men in all ages, the surest foundation,\\nboth of private and public happiness; and that it has been the principal\\nconcern of every well-regulated government to establish and endow proper\\nseminaries for the advancement of learning, and for training up a succes-\\nsion of men, fit to serve their country in every useful station. Many of the\\nfirst settlers of these provinces, (it was observed further) were men who had\\nreceived a good education in E^l,rope, and to their wisdom and good man-\\nagement we owe much of our present prosperity. Nevertheless, it was\\nobvious that without making a provision for cultivating wisdom and good-\\nness in the rising generation, we would soon degenerate into a state of igno-\\nrance and barbarity, little better than that of our Neighbour-Savages and\\nbe neither able to preserve nor enjoy the inestimable blessings, delivered\\ndown to us from our fathers. To prevent these dreadful misfortunes, was\\nthe design of those who projected this institution; a design that will do\\nhonor to their names as long as any memorial of virtue and letters shall\\nremain in their country; and a design in which they can boast all the\\nSages and Lawgivers and Patriots of every age, as their patterns and fellow\\nlabourers, for the propagation of wisdom and good of their species\\nThis design was not long formed before it was carried into execution.\\nAt first, only three persons were concerned in forming it, two of whom are\\nsince dead, and the other now in England. These communicated their\\nthoughts to others, till at last the number of twenty-four joined themselves", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "520 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\ntogether, as Trustees for carrying on the work, and agreed never to exceed\\nthat number, which was composed without any regard to difference in reli-\\ngious persuasions, of creditable gentlemen of various professions and\\ncallings\\nThe scheme being made public, with the names of the gentlemen\\nundertakers, all was so well approved of, that in a very short time the sub-\\nscription for carrying it on amounted to Eight Hundred Pounds per annum,\\nfor five years, a very strong proof of the public spirit and generosity of the\\ninhabitants of this place In the beginning oi January, 1750, three of the\\nschools were opened, namely the Latin School, the Mathematical School\\nand the English School, the two former under men who had long been\\nknown in the country as sufficiently qualified for the business; and the\\nlatter under a person who, being accidentally in the place, offered his\\nservice and was accepted for a time upon trial. For it had always been\\nconsidered as a very leading part of the design, to have a good school in\\nthe mother tongue, and to be well satisfied of the abilities and assiduity of\\nthe person entrusted with the care of it, before any final agreement, which\\nhad likewise been made a rule in providing masters for the other schools.\\nOratory, correct Speaking and Writing the Mother Tongue, is a branch\\nof education too much neglected in all our English Seminaries, as is often\\nvisible in the public performances of some of our most learned men. But\\nin the circumstances of this province, such a neglect would have been\\nstill more inexcusable, than in any other part of the British dominions\\nFor as we are so great a mixture of people, from almost all corners of the\\nworld, necessarily speaking a variety of languages and dialects, the true\\npronunciation and writing of our own language might soon be lost among\\nus, without such a previous care to preserve it in the rising generation.\\nThus this Seminary opened with three masters in the branches of\\neducation most immediately necessary to prepare the youth for public life,\\nand the higher parts of learning. All the trustees, and a great concourse\\nof the inhabitants were present at the Opening when the service of the\\nChurch of Englatid was read, and a suitable sermon preached by the rev-\\nerend Mr. Peters, Provincial Secretary, from St. John viii. 32, And ye shall\\nknow the Truth, and the Truth shall make you Free.\\nThis worthy gentleman (who amid all the labours of his pubUc station,\\nas well as the many private labours in which his benevolence continually\\nengages him, has still made it his care to devote some part of his time to\\nClassical Learning and the Study of Divinity, to which he was originally\\nbred) took occasion, from these words of our blessed Saviour, to shew the\\nintimate connexion between Truth and Freedom, between Knowledge of\\nevery kind, and the preservation of fzV// and religious Liberty. For it has\\never been found that where the Former is not, the latter cannot subsist.\\nThe institution, thus begun, continued daily to flourish, in so much\\nthat all the schools soon stood in need of ushers and assistants to the chief", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 521\\nmasters. At length encouraged by such a fair beginning, the Trustees\\napplied to the honourable Proprietors for a charter of Incorporation, which\\nthey obtained in July 1753. At that time the institution consisted of\\ntkree schools above mentioned, and two Charity Schools.\\nIn the space of about 4 years, from the first opening, it was found\\nthat many youths, having gone thro their course of Grammar-Learning,\\nwould be desirous of proceeding to Philosophy and the Scietices, and must\\ndepart to other Seminaries unless a provision was made for compleating\\ntheir studies here. This being represented to the Trustees, they began to\\nthink of enlarging their plan, as they had promised at the beginning.\\nThey were highly sensible that the knowledge of Words, without making\\nthem subservient to the knowledge of Things, could never be considered\\nas the business of education. To lay a foundation in the Languages, was\\nvery necessary as a first step, but without the superstructure of the Sciences\\nit would be but of little use for the conduct of Life. The bare study of\\nwords could never be designed as the chief object of man s reasotiing and\\nmtellectual faculties Our Maher had something more sublime in view;\\nand to stop short of that end is to be greatly wanting to ourselves, in a\\nmatter of the last importance.\\nIn consideration of this, the trustees determined to complete the\\nremainder of their plan, and applied for an Addition to their Charter, by\\nwhich a power of conferring degrees and appointing Professors in the\\nvarious branches of the arts and sciences, was granted to them. By this\\nmeans a College was added to, and ingrafted upon their former Academy,\\na joint government agreed upon for both, the style of the trustees changed\\nto that of Trustees of the College, Academy and Charity School of\\nPhiladelphia, and the Professors constituted under them into one body\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2or faculty, by the name of The Provost, Vice Provost and Professors of the\\nCollege and Academy of Philadelphia. This charter was ohXaxn^di May\\n14th, 1755. What further relates to the government of this institution\\n:shall be mentioned, after giving a view of the plans of education pursued\\nin it, which I am to do under two heads. The first shall be the plan of\\neducation in the college or higher part of the institution, including the\\nLatin and Greek schools, which shews the course gone thro by those\\nintended for the learned professions The second shall be what is properly\\ncalled the Academy, shewing the course of learning intended for those who\\nare bred for the mechanic arts and other professions.\\nProbably some youths will go thro these stages in three years, many\\nwill require four years, and many more may require five years, especially\\nif they begin under nine or ten years of age. The masters must exercise\\ntheir best discretion in this respect.\\nThose who can acquit themselves to satisfaction in the books laid\\n-down for the fourth stage, after public examination, are to proceed to the\\n;Study of the sciences, and to be admitted into the College as Freshmen,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "522 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nwith the privilege of being distinguished with an under-graduate s gown.\\nThe method of study to be prosecuted in the college for the term of three\\nyears follows in one general view.\\n[Given on pp. 236 to 239.]\\nAlong with this plan, which was first published in Aicgust, 1756,\\nand subscribed by the Faculty of masters, the following remarks were\\nalso published, viz.: Life itself being too short to attain a perfect\\nacquaintance with the whole circle of the Sciences, nothing has ever been\\nproposed by any plan of University-Ediication, but to lay such a general\\nfoundation in all the branches of literature, as may enable youth to perfect\\nthemselves in those particular parts, to which their business, or genius,\\nmay afterwards lead them. And scarce any thing has more obstructed the\\nadvancement of sound learning, than a vain imagination, that a few years,\\nspent at college, can render youth such absolute Masters of Science, as to\\nabsolve them from all future study.\\nAs far as our influence extends, we would wish to propagate a\\ncontrary doctrine, and tho we flatter ourselves that, by a due execution of\\nthe foregoing plan, we shall enrich our country with many Minds, that are\\nliterally accomplished, and send out none that may justly be denominated\\nbarren, or unimproved yet we hope that the youth committed to our\\ntuition, will neither at college, nor afterwards, rest satisfied with such a\\ngeneral knowledge, as is to be acquired from the public lectures and exer-\\ncises. We rather trust that those, whose taste is once formed for the\\nacquisition of Solid Wisdom, will think it their duty and most rational\\nsatisfaction, to accomplish themselves still farther, by manly perseverance\\nin private study and meditation.\\nTo direct them in this respect, the last column contains a judicious\\nchoice of the most excellent writers in the various branches of literature,\\nwhich will be easily understood when once a foundation is laid in the\\nbooks proposed in the plan, under the several lectures. For the books to\\nbe used as Classics, at the lecture hours, will not be found in this last\\ncolumn, which is only meant as a private library, to be consulted occasion-\\nally in the lectures, for the illustration of any particular part and to be\\nread afterwards for compleating the whole.\\nThe last book in the catalogue is the Holy Bible, without which\\nthe student s library would be very defective. But tho it stands last, we\\ndo not mean that they are to defer reading it to the last, it being part of\\nour daily exercise, and recommended from the beginning. We only inti-\\nmate, by this disposition, that, when human science has done its utmost,\\nand when we have thought the youth worthy of the honors of the Semi-\\nnary, yet still we must recommend them to the Scriptures of God, in order\\nto compleat their Wisdom, to regulate their conduct thro life, and guide\\nthem to happiness forever\\nIn the disposition of the parts of this scheme, a principal regard", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 523.\\nhas been paid to the connexion and subserviency of the Sciences, as well\\nas to the gradual openings of young minds. Those parts are placed first,\\nwhich are suited to strengthen the inventive Faculties, and are instrumental\\nto what follows Those are placed last, which require riper judgment, and\\nare more immediately connected with the main business of life.\\nIn the mean time, it is proposed that they shall never drop their\\nacquaintance with the classic sages. They are every day called to converse\\nwith some one of the ancients, who, at the same time that he charms with\\nall the beauties of language, is generally illustrating that particular branch\\nof philosophy or science, to which the other hours of the day are devoted.\\nThus, by continually drawing something from the most admired masters of\\nsentiment and expression, the taste of youth will be gradually formed, to\\njust Criticism and masterly Composition.\\nFor this reason. Composition, in the Strict Meaning of the term,\\ncannot be begun at an earlier period than is proposed in the plan. The\\nknowledge of Mathematics is not more necessary, as an introduction to\\nnatural philosophy, than an acquaintance with the best ancient and\\nmodern writers especially the Critics is to just Co7nposition.\\nWhoever would build must have both the art and and materials of\\nbuilding and therefore Composition from one s own stock, is justly\\nplaced after Criticism, which supplies the art, and not before Moral and\\nNatural Philosophy, which enriches the Understanding, and furnishes the\\nMaterials or Topics for the Work.\\nThus it is hoped the student may be led thro a scale of easy\\nascent, till finally render d capable of Thi7iking, Writing and Acting well,\\nwhich is the grand aim of a liberal education. At the end of every term,\\nthere is some time allowed for Recreation, or bringing up slower Geniuses.\\nPerhaps, after all, some who see this plan, may think three years\\ntoo scanty a period for its execution. We would not be tenacious of our\\nopinion but, from an attentive consideration of the business proposed for\\neach term, we are inclined to think the time will be sufficient for a mid-\\ndling genius, with ordinary application. And where both genius and\\napplication are wanting, we conceive no time will be found sufficient.\\nExperience, however, being the best guide in matters of this kind we\\nonly propose that a fair trial of three years may be made, before anything\\nfarther is determined upon a subject of such concern.\\nSuch a trial we think due to the present state of our seminary, as\\nwell as to the public, and the particular circumstances of these Colonies,\\nwhere very few youth can be detained for a long period at infant unendowed\\ncolleges, where they must wholly maintain themselves at a considerable\\nexpence, and where the genius seems not only to be sooner ripe, but where\\nthere is also a more immediate demand, and a more early settlement to be\\nobtained, in all the ways of genteel employment, for Young Men of Parts,\\nthan there is in European Countries!", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "524 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nN. B. The titmost care will be taken for a faithful, exec7ttio7i of\\nthis plan itt all its parts. The time for admitting Freshmen in the youngest\\nphilosophy class is Mdiy 15, according to the plati. But those who neces-\\nsarily apply later in the first year will obtain Admission, provided it\\nappear upon examiiiation that they are sufficietitly grounded in the parts\\nlaid down in the plan, previous to the date of such their admission which\\nparts may always be known from inspection, together with the proficiency\\nmade by the class which they are to join. The Sentiments of Men of\\nLearning will be thankfully received for perfecting the whole and zipojt a\\nCandid application to any of the professors, they will endeavour to explain\\nand re7nove any difficidties that may occur to any persons concerning it.\\nSo far the Professors themselves proceed in their account of the\\nCollege-part, two years after its first erection. I go on to the next branch\\nof this institution, which is properly an English Academy, and consists of\\ntwo parts an English and Writing School, and a School for the Practical\\nbranches of the Mathematics. In the Fornicr, besides Writing, the\\nchildren are taugh the Mother-tongue Grammatically, together with a cor-\\nrect and just pronunciation. And for attaining this, a small rostrum or\\noratory is erected in one end of the School, and the children are frequently\\nexercised in reading aloud from it, or delivering short orations while the\\nProfessor of English and Oratory stands by to correct whatever may be\\namiss, either in their Speech or Gesture. This part of the institution\\nis of singular benefit. It corrects unbecoming bashfulness, c. gives the\\nyouth presence of mind, habituates them to appearing in public, and\\nhas been the means of producing many excellent young Orators, that have\\noccasionally charmed vast audiences and it is hoped will soon become an\\nhonour and ornament to their country, in the various stations to which\\nthey may be called This attention to public speaking, which is begun\\nhere, is continued to the end, and especially in the philosophy schools,\\nwhere the youth frequently deliver exercises of their own composition, at\\ncommencements, examinations and other public occasions.\\nThe Last branch of this institution consists of two charity schools\\nin one of which 40 Girls are taught Reading Writing, and Sewing, and\\nin the other 60 Boys are taught Reading, Writing and Arithmetic.\\nThis is a very noble and generous part of the design, and the bene-\\nfit done by it to a vast number of poor children, who received the rudi-\\nments of education here to fit them for various sorts of business and\\nmechanic arts, is unspeakable. For tho the number of Boys was only\\nintended to be 60, yet it is generally near 80, and wou d be much greater\\nif they could be received.\\nThus, besides 5 Professors that constitute the Facility, and have the\\nimmediate inspection of the whole, 6 other persons are continually", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 525\\nemployed in this institution, making 1 1 in all by whom 266 students and\\nscholars, often more, are instructed and all the branches of education\\ncarried on that are necessary, either for the learned professions, or mer-\\nchandise or the mechanic arts and inferior callings. A seminary, on so\\nextensive a plan, is nowhere else to be found in this new world, nor in\\nmany parts of the old; and therefore a sketch of its constitution and gov-\\nernment, and those methods, by which discipline and good order are pre-\\nserved, among such a variety of schools, students and scholars, may be\\nproper on this occasion. And here it will be found that its Government is\\nthe most ratiojtal z-nd free that can well be imagined, and its Constitution\\nhas many advantages peculiar to itself.\\nThe chief power is, by Charter, lodged in twenty-four Trustees, who\\nmust all be residents not only within the province, but within five miles of\\nthe city. All matters of higher import are to be decided by their councils\\nand direction and all Laws are either to be made by them, or receive a\\nfinal sanction from them.\\nNo student can receive the honors and ordinary degrees of the\\ncollege, without a previous examination in their presence, and a Mandate\\nunder their privy-seal and the hands of a majority of them. Nor can even\\nan hono7 ary Degree be conferred without a like Mandate, under the said\\nprivy-seal and the hands of at least two-thirds of the whole body which\\nregulations must ever be a means of preventing a prostitution of those\\ndegrees and honors to the Illiterate and Undeserving, which should be the\\nreward of real Learning and Worth a practise too much complained of\\nin many other places\\nIn order to do their duty as trustees more effectually, they set apart\\nthe second Tuesday of every month, for visiting and examining the schools,\\nconversing and advising with the masters, encouraging the students accord-\\ning to their several degrees of merit, aad making such regulations as may\\nbe thought necessary. All the schools, high and low, have their turns of\\nthese visitations which are so truly calculated to keep up the spirit of the\\ninstitution, and promote diligence, emulation and good behaviour among\\nthe scholars, that tis hoped none who accept the office of a Trustee\\never be slack in their attendance, when health and other business will\\npermit. Besides these stated meetings, their president* who is chosen\\nannually, has a power of caUing other meetings on any particular occasion.\\nThe present trustees are the following gentlemen, viz.\\nJames Hamilton, William Allen, John Inglis, William Masters,\\nSamuel M Call, jun., Joseph Turner, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Leech,\\nWilliam Shippen, Robert Strettell, Philip Syng, Phineas Bond, Richard\\nPeters, Abraham Taylor, Thomas Bond, Joshim Maddox, William Plum-\\nsted, Thomas White, William Coleman, Thomas Cadwalader, Alexander\\nStedman, John Mifflin, Benjamin Chew, and Edward Shippen, junior.\\nThe present President of Ti ustees is Richard Peters, Esq", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "526 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nUnder these trustees, the principal masters are constituted into a\\nFacicliy, or learned body, with all the powers necessary for the ordinary\\ngovernment of the schools and good education of the youth. They are\\nto meet, in Faculty, at- least once in every two weeks, and at such other\\ntimes as the Provost, or senior member present, shall think fit to call them,\\nor any two members desire him to do. At these meetings they are to\\nenquire into the state of the schools and see that the several plans of edu-\\ncation be regularly carried on, and the laws of the institution duly executed\\nand observed. They have also power to enact temporary Rules and\\nOrdinances, to be in force as Lazvs, till the first ensuing meeting of the\\ntrustees; before whom they are then to be laid, in order to be altered,\\namended or confirm d, or left probationary for a longer period, or wholly\\nlaid aside, as they shall think fit.\\nBy this method, all Laws either do or may take their rise from\\nmasters, who being daily present in the institution know best what regula-\\ntions and orders may be wanted. At the same time, as these regulations\\nare to receive their last sanction from the Trustees, who are men of experi-\\nence, weight and probity, and have children of their own to educate, we\\nmay be certain that nothing can obtain the force of a Standing Law but\\nwhat is found salutary and good upon trial. By the present rules, the\\nfaculty meets every Thursday noon, and all the schools are assembled in\\norder to examine the weekly roll, and call delinquents to account. As\\nseveral youth are too big for corporal punishment, there are small Fines\\nby the laws agreeable to the nature of the offence, and the custom of other\\nColleges, yet no one need pay any such fine unless he chuses it, but may\\nundergo the same punishment as if no such fines had ever been appointed.\\nWhatever money is thus raised from the slothful and refractory in Fines,\\nis appropriated in rewards to the diligent and obedient; so that any youth\\nwho has once been a delinquent may have an opportunity of getting back,\\nY future care, what he forfeited hy former rve.g\\\\ect.\\nThese Rewards and PunisJinients are both administered in the most\\npublic manner and in short the whole discipline is so reasonable and\\njust, that any youth who might desire to break thro the rules of this\\ninstitution in his younger years, can hardly be expected to submit to the\\nrules of any institution when grown up\\nAs to the plan of education, it is already laid down, and has been the\\nfruit of much thought. Great care has been taken to comprehend every\\nuseful branch in it, without being burdensome, or launching into those\\nthat are unnecessary. The greatest regard possible is also paid to Religion,\\npure Evangelical Religion, untainted by the Dogmas of particular sects or\\npersuasions. Prayers and reading the Holy Scriptures are regular every\\nday, before the whole youth assembled. Nor is it any objection, but\\nrather an advantage particularly for the youth intended for business and\\npublic life, that the building is within the city. By good rules and good", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 527\\nfixample, the Morals of youth may be as easily preserved, in a great and\\nwell-policied city, as in a small village, if we can suppose any place to\\ncontinue small where such a seminary is once founded. When I speak\\nso, I would be understood to mean, when the youth all lodge in the houses\\nof their parents, or in lodgings within the walls of the college, which the\\ntrustees, by their first plan proposed to erect, and will do doubt accomplish\\nwhenever their funds will permit.\\nIn this institution, there is a very noble Apparatus for experiments\\nin Nattiral Philosophy, done in England by the best hands, and brought\\nover from thence, in different parcels, at a very great expence. There\\nis also, in the experiment room, an Electrical Apparatus, the property of\\n.one of the professors, chiefly his own invention, and perhaps the coni-\\npletest of the kind, now in the world\\nWhat a blessing must such an institution be to this continent in\\ngeneral, and how great an honor to its worthy founders What advan-\\ntages may not the youth reap in it with common industry, amid so many\\nopportunities of improvement and so many incitements to industry\\nwhere the Masters transact every thing by joint advice where a due\\nregard to religion is kept up and the whole open to the visitation and\\nfrequent inspection of a number of gentlemen of rank and character\\nWho would not chuse rather to see his son in such a seminary, than in any\\nobscure corner, under immoral men, habitual Drtinkards, professed\\nGamesters, concealed Papists or others, who never call on the name of\\nGod in their schools thro the week, and on his Sabbaths seldom enter his\\nholy sanctuary And yet, it were to be wished, that some such as these\\nmay not have been but too successful in deluding unthinking parents to\\n,commit an inestimable treasure into the r hands, namely the education of\\ninnocent children.\\nBut to return, the present professors and members of faculty in the\\ninstitution of which I am giving an account are\\nRev. William Smith, M. A., Provost of the College and Academy,\\n.and Professor of Rhetoric and Nattiral Philosophy.\\nRev. Francis Alison, D. D., Vice Provost of the College, Rector\\nof the Academy, and Professor of Logic and Moral Philosophy.\\nRev. Ebenezer Kinnersley, M. A., Professor of English and\\nOratory, and Chief Master of the English School.\\nTheophilus Grew, M. A., Professor oi Mathematics, and Master of\\nthe Mathematical School\\nJohn Beveridge, M.A., Professor of Languages, and Chief Master\\nof the Latin and Greek Schools.\\nAs to the First of these gentlemen, his name has been so often\\nmentioned of late, on many public occasions, that the writer of this would\\nleave it to cooler times to declare for or against him. With respect to his", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "528 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nabilities, the world have specimens enough in their hands to judge con-\\ncerning them.\\nThe Second gentleman mentioned above has long been employed in\\nthe education of youth in this province, and many of those who now make\\na considerable figure in it have been bred under him. He was one of the\\nfirst persons in this country, who, foreseeing the ignorance into which it\\nwas like to fall, set up a regular school of education in it and so sensible\\nwere that learned and respectable body, the University of Glasgow, of his\\npious and faithful labors for the propagation of useful knowlege in these\\nuntutored parts, that they lately honored him with the degree of Doctor of\\nDivinity, sent him without any sollicitation on his part, and even without\\nhis knowlege.\\nAs to the Third of the above gentlemen, he is well qualified for his\\nprofession and has moreover great merit with the learned world in being\\nthe chief inventor (as already mentioned) of the Electrical apparatus, as\\nwell as author of a considerable part of those discoveries in Electricity,\\npublished by Mr. Franklin to whom he communicated them. Indeed\\nMr. Franklin himself mentions his name with honor, tho he has not been\\ncareful enough to distinguish between their particular discoveries. This,\\nperhaps he may have thought needless, as they were known to act in\\nconcert. But tho that circumstance was known here, it was not so in the\\nremote parts of the world to which the fame of these discoveries have\\nextended.\\nThe Fourth gentleman in the above list has so long been an\\napproved teacher of Matlieniatics and Astronomy in this city, that I need\\nsay nothing to make him better known than he is already.\\nThe last gentleman, namely Mr. Beveridge, has been already mentioned\\nin your magazine iox June. By the specimens he has given, he will undoubt-\\nedly be acknowledged one of the ablest masters in the Latin tongue, on this\\ncontinent and it is a singular happiness to the institution that on the\\nvacancy of a professor of languages, the trustees were directed to such an\\nexcellent choice, as it must be the certain means of encreasing the num-\\nber of students from all parts, with such as are desirous of attaining the\\nLatin tongue in its native purity and beauty.\\nMr. Beveridge, in his younger years, taught a grammar school in the\\ncity of Edinburgh, under the particular patronage of the great Mr. Rud-\\ndiman, from whom he has ample testimonies of regard and esteem to\\nproduce. While in this station the famous Mr. Blacklock, the blind Poet,\\nwas placed under his care by a number of gentlemen of Edinburgh, who\\ndiscovering uncommon marks of genius in him, were desirous, at their own\\nexpence, to give him the advantages of an education in the Latin Tongue,\\nif by reason of his blindness it could possibly be communicated to him.\\nThis business Mr. Beveridge soon accomplished, and shewed very par-", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 529\\nticular regard to Blacklock, who in return communicated to him all the\\noccasional rough sketches of his poetry.\\nAmong other pieces done by Mr. Blacklock, while under Mr. Bev-\\neridge s care, his celebrated paraphrase of Psalm CIV, was one, which is\\nprinted in the Lives of the Poets, Vol. IV., with the following extraordinary\\ncharacter\\nThis Psalm (say the authors of that work) is one of the sublimest\\nin the whole book of Psalms, and there have been no less than forty\\ndifferent versions and paraphrases of it by poets of considerable emi-\\nnence, who seem to have vied with one another for superiority. But of\\nall these, if we may trust our own judgment, none have succeeded so\\nhappily, as Mr. Blacklock, a young gentleman now resident at Dumfries\\nin Scotland. This paraphrase is the more extraordinary as the author of\\nit has been blind from his craddle c. It carries in it such elevated\\nstrains of poetry, such picturesque descriptions, and such a mellifluent\\nflow of numbers, that we are persuaded the reader cannot be displeased\\nat seeing it here, c.\\nThis performance Mr. Blacklock also shew d to Mr. Beveridge for\\nhis judgment, who told him that he admired it much, but would be still\\nbetter pleased with it, if it could be made shorter, and brought nearer the\\noriginal. Mr. Blacklock replied that he could not make it shorter, and\\nbegged Mr. Beveridge to try if he could do it. The latter answered that\\nhe could not write English verse, but he would do a little of it in Latin for\\na trial. He accordingly set about it, and was so much inspired with the\\nsubject, that, instead of a Part, he soon did the Whole, in the compass of\\nabout 100 lines, which are one half fewer than are in Blacklock s Para-\\nphrase. As this of Mr. Beveridge s has never yet appeared in print, I am\\npersuaded that not only the readers of your magazine who understand\\nLatin, but the learned world in general will be glad to see it. I shall\\ntherefore subjoin it, and therewith close my account of this useful institu-\\ntion, as well as of the Professors and Masters in it only adding that what\\nis here done is from authentic Materials, and without the privity and\\nadvice of them or any other persons whatsoever.\\nPoetical.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "530 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nAPPENDIX F\\nList of\\nScholars Entered\\nAT THE\\nAcademy and College\\nup to and including the year\\n1769\\nTaken from the earliest two\\nCollege Tuition Books\\nNote. The names with asterisk are also found in the Biographical Catalogue of\\nthe Matriculates of the College, published in 1 894.\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nAbercrombie, James* Alex Stedman 1766\\nAche, John Lewis William Smith 1754\\nAdye, Ralph Lieu Adye 1768\\nAlexander, Adam James Alexander 1762\\nAlexander* per se 1762\\nJames James Alexander. 1752\\nRobert William M llvaine 1752\\nWilliam Alexander Alexander 1759\\nAlison, Benjamin* Dr. Francis Alison I754\\nBenjamin Ashley Do 1759\\nBlaney Robert Alison 1768\\nFrancis Dr. Francis Alison 1758\\nPatrick* per se ^759\\nRobert* Robert Alison 1768\\nAllaire, Peter Alexander Allaire 1752\\nAllee, Jonathan Abraham Allee 1752\\nAllen, Andrew* WiUiam Allen, Esq 1751\\nCharles Richard Peters, Esq 1755\\nJames William Allen, Esq 175 1\\nJohn* Do 1 75 1\\nWilUam Do 1759\\nAmbler, Jaqueline* Do 1758\\nAmory, John Capt John Mease 1760", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 531\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nAnderson, James Robert Anderson 1752\\nJames* Samuel Anderson 1762\\nJames Monatt Dr Kearsley, jun r 1766\\nAndrews, John* per se 1763\\nRobert* per se 1 764\\nAnna, John William Mrs Lindsay 1758\\nAnnas, John Robert Lindsay 1752\\nApowen, John Capt. Apowen 1760\\nSamuel Do 1760\\nArmitage, Nathaniel Francis Alison 1756\\nArmor, Samuel* Robert Alison 1 769\\nArmstrong, Edward* per se 1760\\nJames John Armstrong 1756\\nArnold, Henry* Samuel Caldwell 1766\\nArrel, David Richard Arrel 1761\\nPeter Do 1752\\nAsh, Oliver Charles Batho 1762\\nRowland Do 1762\\nAshfield, Redford Thomas Lawrence, Esq 1763\\nAspden, Matthias Matthias Aspden 1762\\nAssheton, Ralph Susanna Assheton 1751\\nWilliam William Assheton 1767\\nAustin, Isaac Samuel Austin 1762\\nWilliam Do 1762\\nAyers, WilUiam 1752\\nBadger, Edward George Sharswood I754\\nBagnall, Robert Benjamin Bagnall 1752\\nBaker, Benjamin per se 1766\\nIgnatius Do 1765\\nJohn William Baker 1752\\nBaily, John John Bailey 1761\\nBankson, Andrew Andrew Bankson 1759\\nJacob* Do 1764\\nBarbarie, Andrew John Barbarie 1766\\nJohn Do 1766\\nBarclay, Robert Alexander Barclay 1758\\nBard, John per se 1758\\nJohn Peter Bard 1760\\nPeter Do 1761\\nSamuel Do 1751\\nBarnhill, Daniel John Barnhill 1768\\nJohn Do 1769", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "532 HiSTORV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nBarret, John* John Wilcocks 1769\\nBartholomew, Benjamin Thomas Bartholomew 1765\\nStephen Do 1755\\nBartram, William John Bartram 1752\\nBatho, John Charles Batho 1758\\nBaxter, Joseph Enoch Story 1765\\nBayard, James Assheton Joseph Richardson ^753\\nJohn Baginham Do 1 753\\nJohn Richardson Do ^753\\nBayley, John John Bayley 1766\\nBaynton, Benjamin* John Baynton 1753\\nJohn Do 1764\\nPeter Do 1764\\nBedford, Gunning William Bedford 1752\\nBeere, James Jonathan Beer 1767\\nBelgrave, William Nicholas Moll 1761\\nBell, Andrew Stephen Carmich 1757\\nAndrew John Bell 1765\\nHamilton* Dr Francis Alison 1767\\nPatterson* Do 1769\\nThomas James Bell 1761\\nWilliam Dr Francis Alison 1767\\nBenbridge, Absalom Edmund Benbridge 1756\\nHenry Thomas Gordon 175^\\nBenezet, Anthony Daniel Benezet 1760\\nJohn Do 1755\\nSamuel James Benezet 1760\\nStephen Do 1761\\nBensel, Charles Dr Bensel 1768\\nBevan, Davis Awbrey Bevan 1761\\nBiddle, Edward William Biddle 1 751\\nNicholas Mary Biddle 1761\\nThomas Do 1761\\nWilliam* 1769\\nBingham James William Bingham I75^\\nJohn Do 1756\\nWilliam* Do 1758\\nBird, Edward Joseph Shippen, Esq 1763\\nMarcus Dr James Dove ^753\\nTo 1756, and a Benjamin enters 1764 and continues to 69 as do the follow-\\ning two.\\n^To 1756, and a Gunning enters 1766 and continues to 68.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0540.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 533\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nBird, William* John Patton 1769\\nBishop, Edward 1763\\nBlackburn, Thomas Capt James Child 1760\\nBlackwell, James (Evant) John Wilcocks 1765\\nThomas* Do 1769\\nBlair, John Capt WiUiam Blair 1752\\nBleakly, John* John Bleakly 1 768\\nBond, John Dr Thomas Bond 1752\\nPhineas* Dr Phineas Bond 1756\\nRichard Dr Thomas Bond 1758\\nRobert Do 1765\\nThomas* Do 1751\\nThomas Dr Phineas Bond 1752\\nBonner, Andrew John Stillwagon 1754\\nBorden, Joseph Joseph Borden 1766\\nBoude, Joseph Thomas Boude 1751\\nBoudinot, Elias Elias Boudinot 1751\\nJohn Do 1 75 1\\nBoyd, Samuel* per se 1765\\nBradford, Thomas William Bradford 1751\\nWilliam Cornelius Bradford 1762\\nWilliam William Bradford 1762\\nBraithwaite, Thomas per se 1 768\\nBridges, Culpepper Cornelia Bridges 1755\\nRobert Do 1751\\nBright, James Philip Syng 1752\\nBrisbane, William Capt James Young 1 767\\nBroakhead, Daniel Nicholas Scull 1753\\nBrooks, Ebenezer* Capt John Mease 1762\\nBrown, Samuel Redmond Conyngham 1758\\nBruin, Peter* William Gallagher 1769\\nBuchanan, William Thomas White, Esq 1 760\\nBuckley, Joseph Dorsey Archibald Hilhouse 1755\\nBudden, James Capt Richard Budden 1751\\nBurnholt, John 1763\\nBurroughs, Arthur Capt Arthur Burroughs 1751\\nJohn Do 1 75 1\\nByles, Thomas [Biles?] Thomas Byles 1760\\nByrn, Henry Jonathan Beere 1768\\nJohn Do 1766\\nBywater, William William By water 1761\\nCadogan, Thomas Thomas Willing, Esq 1763", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0541.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "534 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEtifered By Whom\\nCadwalader, John* Dr Thomas Cadwalader\\nLambert* Do\\nCaldwell, John Dr Alison\\nCampbell, James Anthony Stocker\\nJohn Mrs Campbell\\nPeter Dr Farmer\\nCannon, James* per se\\nCarlisle, Langton Robert Raulinton\\nCarmick, Peter Stephen Carmick\\nCarpenter, Miles Harding\\nCarson, John* William Carson\\nJohn William Pyewell\\nWilliam Do\\nCartland, Nathaniel\\nCaryll, John Reese Meredith\\nChadd, Henry\\nChampe, John Amos Strettell\\nWilliam Do\\nChapman, Nathaniel* Reese Meredith\\nCharleton, Thomas Thomas Charleton\\nCheeseman, Edmund Samuel Cheeseman\\nChew, Benjamin* Benjamin Chew Esq\\nJohn* Dr Thomas Bond\\nPhilemon Lloyd Dr Adam Thomson\\nSamuel Dr Thomas Bond\\nChild, James Capt James Childs\\nJohn Do\\nPerry Frazer Do\\nWilliam Do\\nClampffer, Adam William Clampffer\\nClarkson, Gerardus Rev Gilbert Tennant\\nThomas Matthew Clarkson\\nClaypoole, Abraham [George] James Claypoole\\nDavid Do\\nClayton, Joshua* James Murray\\nClemm, John Mrs Ehzabeth Clemm\\nWilliam Do\\nClifton, William John Clifton\\nClymer, Daniel Capt Daniel Roberdeau\\nCoatain, Wilham Capt Thos Coatain\\nCoates, John John Coates\\nJohn William Plumsted\\nLindsay* John Coates", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0542.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 535\\nEntered By Whom Year,\\nCoates, Septimus John Coates 1764\\nWilliam Do 1751\\nCollins, William Capt John Willcocks 1757\\nCondey, William Benjamin Condey 1767\\nConyngham, Alexander Redmond Conyngham 1760\\nDavid Hayfield Do 1757\\nRobert Do 1760\\nConyers, Joseph Alexander Magee 1756\\nCooke, John* Richard Smith 1757\\nStephen Nathan Cooke 1761\\nWilliam per se i7S5\\nCoombe, Thomas* Thomas Coombe i754\\nCooper, Henry Alexander Wilcocks 1764\\nCorbit, Francis Michael Batho 176 1\\nMichael Do 1761\\nCorrey, John John Correy 1768\\nRobert Do 1762\\nSamuel Do I757\\nWilliam William Correy 1761\\nCottenham, George Mr Cottenham of Trenton 1766\\nCoutanche, Benjamin Anthony Stocker i757\\nCoutts, James Theophilus Grew 1756\\nCoxe, Daniel William Coxe 1752\\nIsaac [Cox?] Thomas Clifford 1761\\nJohn* Do 1760\\nJohn William Coxe 1760\\nTench Do 1761\\nWilliam* Do 1769\\nWiiham Elden Robert Stevenson 1765\\nCraig, James James Craig 1760\\nJohn Do 1 761\\nJoseph William Craig 1761\\nWilliam James Craig 1764\\nCrook, Charles* Dr Smith 1769\\nCrooke, William* Capt John Wilcocks 1757\\nCruger, John Harris Thomas Lawrence, Esq 1753\\nCruikshank, James Mrs Sayres 1752\\nCummings, John William Craig 1767\\nCurrie, James Rev Mr William Currie 1757\\nCuthbert, Thomas Thomas Cuthbert 1757\\nDarland, John Dr Lloyd Zachary 1752\\nDarvil, William Evan Morgan 1755", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0543.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "536 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nE^itered By Whom Year.\\nDavenport, Franklin Josiah Davenport 1763\\nDavid, Ebenezer Enoch David 1765\\nDavidson, Robert* 1769\\nDavis, Benjamin Benjamin Davis 1765\\nGeorge Mrs Plumsted i754\\nJohn* Joseph Davis 1754\\nRobert WiUiam Davis 1762\\nWilliam Mrs Plumsted 1754\\nDeering, John Richard Swan 1757\\nRichard 1756\\nDeHaven, Hugh Peter DeHaven 1763\\nDeLancey, John* per se 1760\\nPeter* Do 1760\\nDenny, Henry Isaac Cox 1767\\nDe Normandie, Andrew Peter Bard 1756\\nJames Anthony De Normandie 1761\\nDesvories, James Capt James Ross 1768\\nDewees, Farmer William Dewees 1751\\nDexter, Henry* Eleanora Dexter 1754\\nJames Do 1752\\nDickinson, Philemon* John Dickinson 1751\\nDiemer, John Dr John Diemer 1754\\nDillon, Hugh perse 1758\\nDoe, Archibald 1758\\nD Oliei, Richard per se 1764\\nDonaldson, Hugh Hugh Donaldson 1762\\nJohn Do 1760\\nJoseph Do 1 761\\nDorsey, Basil* Col Thomas White 1751\\nHenry Do 1752\\nJohn Hammond Samson Levi 1767\\nJoseph Buckley Archibald Hilhouse 1756\\nDougal, Samuel* per se 1 768\\nDougan, Robert Capt John Wilcocks 1757\\nDouglas, Richard Jacob Morgan 1766\\nDow, Alexander Dr M Lean 1761\\nDowers, John Capt. Edward Dowers 1751\\nDoyle, Thomas Theophilus Grew 1751\\nDuBois, Walter* James James 1760\\nDuche, Jacob* Jacob Duche 175 1\\nWilliam Anthony Duche 1761\\nDuffield, Benjamin* William Duffield 1759\\nDunbavin, Charles John Wilcocks 1751", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0544.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 537\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nDunbavin, John John Wilcocks 1751\\nThomas Do 1753\\nDuncan, Matthew* Isaac Duncan 1765\\nRichard John Malcolm 1757\\nWilliam Isaac Duncan 1765\\nDungan, Thomas* per se 1762\\nDunscombe, Thomas Redmond Cony ngham 1757\\nDupuy, John Mr Dupuy 1759\\nDuval, William per se 1766\\nEastburn, Thomas Robert Eastburn 1752\\nEaston, Jonathan* per se 1765\\nEdgar, Charles Charles Edgar 1752\\nEdmiston, William* Samuel Edmiston 1752\\nEdwards, Enoch Alexander Edwards 1768\\nJohn Ann Williams 175 1\\nJohn Capt. Coney Edwards 1752\\nWilliam Do 1752\\nEge, George Mr Stiegel 1 766\\nEgger, Thomas DrTombe 1763\\nEhrenzeller, Jacob Jacob Ehrenzeller 1762\\nElliot, George Ezekiel Shepherd 1761\\nElligood, Jacob Dr Sam 1 Preston Moore 1754\\nElmer, Jonathan perse 1766\\nElves, Henry Capt Henry Elves 1754\\nEmlen, George George Emlen 1756\\nEngle, Charles Jacob Hall 1767\\nErwin, James John Erwin 1752\\nEvans, Joel* Jonathan Evans 1752\\nJohn per se 1768\\nNathaniel* Edward Evans 1751\\nEve, Oswald Oswald Eve 1764\\nEwing, James Dr James Dove 1753\\nFaesch, John Rhodolph Rev Mr Handchurch 1756\\nFairley, George Jonathan Beer 1767\\nHenry Do 1767\\nFarley, George Samuel Leacock 1766\\nHenry Matthias Sculp 1764\\nFarmer, James 175^\\nWilliam Dr Richard Farmer 1751\\nFaulkner, Wilham Nestor Faulkner 1757\\nFaultner, Ephraim Joseph Faultner 1752", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0545.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "538 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nFerguson, James* William West 1769\\nFisher, Joseph Samuel Fisher 1761\\nFitzhugh, William Amos Strettell 1755\\nFitzpatrick, John Mrs Graham 1761\\nFlag, Henry Collins Ebenezer Kinnersley 17 54\\nFleming, William* perse i759\\nFlower, Samuel Capt. Samuel Flower 1760\\nFlowers, Benjamin Benjamin Flowers 1761\\nFollow, James Ehzabeth Follow 1760\\nFrancis, John* Tench Francis 1769\\nPhilip Do 1756\\nTurbot Do 1751\\nFranks, David John Franks 1760\\nMoses David Franks 1761\\nFraser, George Peter Salmon 1752\\nFullerton, Alexander John FuUerton 1756\\nJohn Do 1756\\nGale, Christopher Mrs Hallowell 1760\\nGalloway, Benjamin Benjamin Chew Esq 1761\\nGardiner, Theophilus Theophilus Gardner 1764\\nGardner, Richard per s 1756\\nGeorge, Josuah Dr James Dove 1752\\nSidney* Mr Davidson 1769\\nGibbes, William Rebecca Gibbes 1754\\nGibbon, Francis Grant Gibbon I759\\nGilbert, John Thomas Gilbert 1765\\nGiles, James Capt John Giles 1760\\nGlen, John Alexander Lun an 1757\\nGoldfrap, James Francis Wade 1767\\nGoldsborough, Charles* John Dickinson, Esq I757\\nRobert* Tench Francis i757\\nGordon, Henry Captn Henry Gordon 1769\\nJames Thomas Gordon 1756\\nPeter Capt Henry Gordon 1766\\nGorrel, James Dr James Dove 1752\\nGood, George Willm Plumsted 1753\\nGostelowe, George Jonathan Gostelowe 1757\\nJonathan George Gostelowe ^755\\nGraham, Joseph Israel Pemberton, jr 1753\\nRobert John Inglis 1767\\nGrantham, Isaac per se 1762\\nGraves, Richard Mrs Gibbs 1752\\nGravill, Samuel Samuel Stilman 1761", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0546.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 539\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nGray, Joseph George Gray 1752\\nGraydon, Alexander Joseph Marks 1760\\nAndrew* Mrs Graydon 1768\\nGreen, John Ehzabeth Green 1752\\nJoseph Dr Peter Sonsimon 1757\\nRodolphus Capt John Murray 1754\\nGreenway, William* Robert Greenway 1751\\nGrew Theophilus* Theophilus Grew 1751\\nGriffin, Thomas Capt Rankin 1753\\nGrime, Mark* John Bell 1756\\nGroath, John Henry Groath 1760\\nGrove, John Jane Grove 1761\\nHall, Aquila* William White 1768\\nDavid David Hall 1762\\nJacob* Jacob Hall, Esq 1761\\nJohn* Thomas White 1752\\nThomas* Mr John Hall 1761\\nWilliam David Hall 1759\\nHallwood, John* John Wilcocks 1768\\nHamilton, Andrew Mary Hamilton 1751\\nCharles Rev d John Hamilton 1768\\nHans* per se 1764\\nJohn John Beveridge 1761\\nWilliam* Mary Hamilton 175 1\\nHandshew, Henry Mrs Handshew 1765\\nHanson, Alexander Reese Meredith 1761\\nSamuel* per se 1769\\nHarding, Samuel* James Harding 1769\\nHarker, Ahimaaz per se 1764\\nHarleston, John Will\u00c2\u00b0i West 1769\\nHarper, John John Harper 1764\\nJoseph Do 1765\\nHarris Charles* Francis Harris 1769\\nOswald Peel* Do 1769\\nRobert 175^\\nHarrison, Benjamin Amos Strettell 1755\\nEastwick Enoch David 1761\\nHenry Henry Harrison I759\\nJoseph* Do 1 76 1\\nMatthias* Mrs Harrison 1766\\nHastings, Samuel Samuel Hastings 175 1\\nHathorn, Daniel Daniel Hathorn 1762", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0547.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "540 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEntered By Whofn Year.\\nHaughn, William Jacob Winey 1760\\nHazard, Ebenezer Samuel Hazard 1751\\nSamuel Do 1751\\nHazleton, William Capt Hazleton 1757\\nHeaselton, William Bartholomew Penrose 1752\\nHeath, James Dr Adam Thomson 1751\\nHenry, George* William Henry 1757\\nJohn Mr Jones 1755\\nHicks, Augustine Augustine Hicks 1751\\nCharles Edward Hicks 175 1\\nJoseph Augustine Hicks 1751\\nHill, Benjamin Nicholas Moll 1761\\nJohn John Hill 1762\\nWhitmel* Samuel Orme I757\\nHillegas, Michael Samuel Hillegas\\nSamuel Michael Hillegas\\nHindman, William* Mr Alison\\nHinshelwood, Thomas Robert Hinshelwood\\nHockley, William Richard Hockley\\nHodge, Hugh Hugh Hodge\\nHogland, Benjamin Derich Hogland\\nHoUingshead, Thomas\\nWilliam* William HoUingshead\\nHolwood, John John Wilcocks\\nHood, Thomas John Hood\\nHook, Christian Andrew Hook\\nHooper, James* Dr Peter Sonsman\\nRobert Do\\nHoops, David Adam Hoops\\nRobert Do\\nHooton, Thomas Thomas Hooton\\nHopkinson, Francis* Thomas Hopkinson, Esq\\nThomas* Mary Hopkinson\\nHopper, William*\\nHouse, George Capt Samuel House\\nSamuel Mrs House\\nHouston, Alexander Alexander Houston\\nThomas George Houston\\nHowell, Richard Letitia Howell\\nSamuel Samuel Howell\\nHuddell, William Joseph Huddell\\nHughes, Hugh* John Hughes\\nSamuel Thomas Riche", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0548.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 541\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nHulings, Jonathan Michael Hulings 1751\\nHumphreys, Assheton James Humphreys 17 59\\nJames* Do 1759\\nHunt, Isaac- Thomas Gilbert I757\\nJohn, Charles Williams I757\\nRichard Glover Hunt 1767\\nHunter, Samuel C apt John Murray 175^\\nWilliam Benjamin Franklin 1764\\nHuston, Alexander Alexander Huston 1768\\nGeorge John Inglis I755\\nJames* James Huston 175^\\nJohn* perse I759\\nThomas George Huston 1 760\\nHutchins, Joseph* John Howard I759\\nHutchinson, Richard Redmond Conyngham 1758\\nHyde, William Joseph Marriott 1762\\nHyrne, William* William West 1769\\nIbyson, William Capt James Coultas 1751\\nImlay, William ^759\\nIngham, John Jonathan Ingham 1753\\nInglis, George John Inglis i757\\nJohn Do 175 1\\nSamuel Do 1752\\nIrish, Nathaniel William Allen, Esq I75i\\nJackman, Nathaniel Samuel Osborne 1759\\nPhilip Do 1759\\nJackson, John M Charles Thomson 1769\\nMatthew Matthew Jackson 1757\\nJacobi, Charles Matthew Usher 1752\\nJekyll, John Margaret J ekill I75i\\nJenkins, Joseph Charles Jenkins 1752\\nWilliam Do 1752\\nJennings, Henry perse 1762\\nMichael John Jennings 1762\\nJepson, John Anthony Stocker 1755\\nJervis, John John Jervis 1752\\nJohns, Richard John Chew 1762\\nJohnson, Alexander John CUfton I75i\\nFrancis Randle Mitchell 1765\\nHeathcote John Johnson 1757\\nJohn Do 1756", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0549.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "542 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nJohnson, John William Smith 1756\\nJohn perse 1758\\nRobert John Johnson 1761\\nJohnston, Archibald* William West 1769\\nCharles Capt Jarvis Johnston 1 769\\nRobert Do 1767\\nRobert* Mrs Barclay 1767\\nJones, George Mr Wilcocks 1768\\nJoseph Thomas Cliiiford 1761\\nLatimer Thomas Willing 1757\\nPhilip Do 1757\\nRobert Isaac Jones 1752\\nRobert Strettell* Do 1756\\nSamuel* per se 1761\\nJosiah, James Emanuel Josiah 1760\\nRobert Do 1760\\nJudah, David Abraham Judah 1760\\nJudkins, Stephen Townsend White 1762\\nKearney, Francis Philip Kearney\\nJames Do\\nMichael Do\\nRavand Dr Peter Sonsman\\nKeen, Reynold Peter Keen\\nKeene, Samuel* Dr James Dove\\nKeimar, Thomas Dr Morgan\\nKellen, James George Lee\\nKelly, Erasmus* per se\\nKemble, Peter Robert Tuite\\nStephen Do\\nKendall, Joseph Benjamin Kendall\\nWilliam William Allen, Esq\\nKeppele, Henry Henry Keppele\\nJohn Do\\nKing, Edward James Piller\\nJohn* per se\\nThomas Joseph King\\nWilliam Capt. Alison\\nKinnersley, William* Ebenezer Kinnersley\\nKinsey, Charles Mrs Pritchard\\nKirk, John Samuel Kirk\\nKnight, Charles John Knight\\nJohn Elizabeth Knight", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0550.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 543\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nKnowles, Edward Godfrey Matthias Leamy\\nKnox, John Nestor Falkner\\nKoUoch, Philip Joseph Swift\\niCuhn, Adam\\nDaniel Simon A. Kuhn\\nPeter Dr Adam Kuhn\\nKuhl, Benjamin Marcus Kuhl\\nLacavalerie, John Capt Burrows\\nLang, James* per\\nLangdale, Joshua Philip Syng\\nLangley, Thomas Dr M ^Lean\\nLardner, James* Lynford Lardner, Esq\\nJohn Do\\nWilliam* Do\\nLatimer, Henry* Mr Davidson\\nLawrence, Elisha per se\\nJohn Thomas Lawrence\\nStaats Do\\nThomas* Do\\nLawson, Alexander* Thomas White\\nHenry Thomas Gilbert\\nLea, George Dr Adam Thomson\\nJoseph Elias Boudinot\\nLeaming, Jonathan per se\\nPerson Aaron Leaming\\nThomas Ebenezer Kinnersley\\nLeamy, John Matthias Leamy\\nLee, Richard* Thomas Willing, Esq\\nLeech, Benjamin Mary Leech\\nJacob Elinor Leech\\nThomas Thomas Leech\\nWalter Moor Mr Clayton\\nLeGay, Benjamin MaryWeyman\\nLegee, Jacob Mrs Legee\\nLeonard, Robert Morris Rev d Mr Peters\\nLevers, Robert* Robert Levers, Esq\\nWilliam* Do\\nLevi, Moses [Levy Sampson Levi\\nNathan Benjamin Levi\\nLewis, Francis Capt Badger\\nJohn Dr Stewart\\nSamuel Do\\n766\\n756\\n760\\n751\\n766\\n768\\n751\\n768\\n761\\n752\\n760\\n769\\n760\\n769\\n768\\n762\\n762\\n1^1\\n751\\n753\\n757\\n751\\n751\\n757\\n764\\n753\\n763\\n751\\n751\\n756\\n767\\n759\\n752\\n766\\n769\\n767\\n764\\n768\\n759\\n761\\n761", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0551.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "544 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEntered By Whom\\nLindsey, William John Wilcocks\\nLisle, Joseph* John Lisle\\nLittle, Archibald* Andrew Little\\nLivingston, Philip Alexander Lunen\\nLloyd, Edward Dr Smith\\nLoockerman, Vincent Rev Ebenezer Kinnersley\\nLowes, Henry Richard Peters, Esq\\nLoxly, Abraham Benjamin Loxly\\nBenjamin Do\\nLownds, Francis Thomas Willing\\nLuff, Nathaniel Doct Sonman\\nLuke, John John Smith\\nLukens, James John Lukens\\nLyon, Charles Capt Charles Lyon\\nSamuel Do\\nM Afee, William William Moore\\nM Call, George Samuel M Call, jr\\nJohn Do\\nJohn Searle* Do\\nM Casland, Alexander per se\\nM Clane, Archibald per se\\nMcClean, John* Robert Porter\\nMcClure, William\\nMcCubbin, Nicholas Nicholas McCubbin\\nMcCubbins, William Nathaniel Chapman\\nMcDonald, Theodosius Amos Strettell\\nMcDowell, John* Alexander McDowell\\nJohn John Montgomery\\nMcEvers, Charles William Vanderspiegle\\nMcGee, Alexander William Edgell\\nMcGraw, Perkins William Smith\\nMcHenry, Matthew* per se\\nMcllvaine, Joseph William Mcllvaine\\nWilliam Do\\nMclntire, John Michael Mclntire\\nMichael Do\\nMcKenzie, William Capt Morrell\\nMcMichael, John John McMichael\\nMcMurtrie, William David McMurtrie\\nMcNaire, John Andrew McNaire\\nMcPherson, John Capt John McPherson\\nWilliam Do", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0552.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 545\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nMackrel, Thomas Richard Peters, Esq 175 1\\nMaffitt, John perse 1768\\nMagee, Alexander Dr James Dove 1752\\nMagra, Edmond Theophilus Greer 1752\\nPerkins William Plumsted 1760\\nMalcolm, Henry John Malcolm 1765\\nWilliam Do 1765\\nMartin, Josiah William Allen, Esq 1753\\nSamuel Do 1753\\nWilliam* Do 1753\\nManning, Charles Jonathan Beve 1767\\nManny, James Francis Many 175 1\\nMarshal, Richard Mr Franks 1753\\nMartindale, John Thomas Austin 1757\\nMason, Abram Abram Mason 1766\\nMasters, William* William Masters .1751\\nMather, Joseph [Mathers?] John Mather 175 1\\nMaurichean, Abraham per se 1761\\nMawby, John Capt Mawby 1768\\nMayburry, Thomas Capt Jolly 1753\\nMelchor, Adam Leonard Melchor 1762\\nIsaac Do 1760\\nMerchant, Henry* [Marchant Ebenezer Kinnersly 1753\\nMerrifield, William Atwood Shute, Esq 1756\\nMifflin, George John Mifflin 1757\\nJohn* Mrs Mifflin 1765.\\nJonathan Samuel Mifflin 1762\\nThomas* John Mifflin 1751\\nMiller, Alexander Peter Miller 1765,\\nBenjamin Do 1766\\nMiln, John Thomas Austin I7S9\\nMitchell, John Andrew Caldwell 1764\\nWilham Mrs Jean Mitchell 1758\\nWilliam Thomas Mitchell 1761\\nMoland, John John Moland, Esq 175 1\\nJoseph Capt Hay 1767\\nRobert John Moland, Esq 175 1\\nThomas Do 175 1\\nMontgomery, Hugh* Dr Alison 1769\\nJohn per se 1764\\nMontgomery, Robert James Mackey 1756\\nWilliam* per se 1756\\nMontour, John Richard Peters, Esq 1756", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0553.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "546 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nMoore, Blany Harper Dr Smith\\nFrancis Redmond Conyngham\\nJames Wemyss* Coll. Wm Moore\\nJohn Harper Dr Smith\\nRobert* William Moore\\nThomas Lloyd Do\\nWilliam Sturge Dr Smith\\nMorgan, Benjamin Morris Morgan\\nGeorge Do\\nJames Samuel Morgan\\nJames Gerrard Townsend White\\nJohn* Samuel Morgan\\nThomas Townsend White\\nMorrel, John Mr David Franks\\nPeter Do\\nMorris, Anthony Samuel Morris\\nBenjamin Do\\nCadwalader* Do\\nGeorge Anthony Joseph Morris\\nGoverneur Thomas Lawrence\\nIsaac\\nIsrael William Morris\\nJohn* Samuel Morris\\nSamuel Do\\nThomas Robert Morris\\nThomas Samuel Morris\\nMowbray, John Capt John Mowbray\\nMuhlenberg, Peter* Rev d Henry Muhlenberg\\nMurgatroyd, John Dr Salmon\\nThomas Do\\nMurray, James* Dr Murray\\nLindley Mrs Durborow\\nNeilson, John* Francis Alison\\nNicholas, Samuel Atwood Shute\\nNicholson, Benjamin Alexander Lunan\\nEdward Do\\nRobert Robert Nicholson\\nWilliam Laetitia Howell\\nNorth, George* [Noarth Capt George North\\nNuttle, Samuel Capt Samuel Nuttle\\n766\\n754\\n756\\n766\\n769\\n766\\n766\\n751\\n751\\n766\\n764\\n760\\n764\\n766\\n752\\n766\\n751\\n755\\n761\\n751\\n753\\n751\\n754\\n761\\n764\\n767\\n761\\n755\\n755\\n756\\n756\\nObryan, Cornelius John Clifton 1751", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0554.jp2"}, "555": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 547\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nObryan, Talbot John Clifton 1751\\nWilliam Do 1751\\nO Farrel, John* Patrick O Farrell 1769\\nOgden, Abraham* Richard Peters, Esq 1757\\nSamuel Do ^759\\nOgle, Benjamin Mr Bard 1757\\nGeorge William Ball 1756\\nO Kyll, John [O Kill?] George O Kyll 1752\\nOliver, James per se 1761\\nOrd, John John Ord 1753\\nOsborne, Charles Charles Osborne 1756\\nGeorge Mr Renaudet 1762\\nJohn John Wilcocks 1765\\nMatthew George Lucas Osborne 1751\\nRobert Do 1751\\nPaca, Aquila Thomas White 1752\\nWilliam* Do 1752\\nParke, John* Mr Davidson 1769\\nParker, Samuel Benj Franklin, Esq 1752\\nPaschall, Stephen Stephen Paschall 1761\\nPatterson, John* perse 1763\\nPaxton, James Charles Coxe I759\\nWilliam* Do i757\\nPearson, James I75^\\nPelgrave, Ezekiel Capt Enoch Hobart 1752\\nPennock, William Joseph Yeates 1762\\nPenrose, Isaac Mary Penrose 1760\\nJames Thomas Penrose 1751\\nJonathan James Penrose 1762\\nJoseph Bartholomew Penrose 1752\\nSamuel Thomas 1756\\nPeters, Richard* WiUiam Peters, Esq 1751\\nThomas Do 1763\\nWilliam Do 1751\\nPhillips, John Capt John Phillips 1751\\nThomas Do 1752\\nPhilpot, John Dr Thomas Bond 1762\\nPhoenix, Alexander Capt James Child 1762\\nPhysick, Henry White* Edward Physick 1766\\nPierce, Henry John Neilson i7S3\\nPlumsted, Clement Mrs Plumsted 1768\\nThomas William Plumsted, Esq 1751", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0555.jp2"}, "556": {"fulltext": "548 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEntered By Whom\\nPlumsted, William Mrs Plumsted\\nPorter, Alexander perse\\nJohn* Benj Franklin, Esq\\nStephen* Rev d John Ewing\\nPostell, James* William West\\nJohn* Do\\nPotts, John Thomas Yorke, Esq\\nSamuel Do\\nPowel, Samuel* Mary Powell\\nPower, Patrick Charles Batho\\nThomas Isaac Garrick\\nPratt, Charles Rebecca Pratt\\nJoseph Do\\nThomas Do\\nPrevost, Augustine Colonel Prevost\\nPrice, George\\nJohn Jonathan Price\\nWilliam William Price\\nPringle, John* Capt Mason\\nPrior, Norton Richard Brogdon\\nProvoost, William John Sayres\\nPurviance, Andrew Samuel Purviance\\nRamsay, Hugh per se\\nRankin, John George Rankin\\nRannals, William Sarah Rannalds\\nRead, Franklin John Read\\nJohn Benjamin Franklin, Esq\\nThomas* per se\\nReade, Jacob William Coxe\\nJoseph* John Sayre\\nJoseph Joseph Reade\\nReading, Philip* pr his Father\\nReed, Bowes Andrew Reed\\nJoseph* Do\\nJoseph Thomas Lawrence\\nRedman, Joseph Joseph Redman\\nReese, Duddleton Stocker Anthony Stocker\\nReily, John John Ord\\nSamuel Do\\nReynolds, William Sarah Reynolds\\nRice, John Leonard Milcher\\nRichards, Philip Daniel Currey", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0556.jp2"}, "557": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 549\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nRidgley, Charles Dr James Dove 1751\\nRinggold, Thomas Charles Swain 1757\\nRivers, Shadlock Joseph Rivers 1752\\nRoberts, Samuel Mary Roberts 1751\\nRobinson, Abraham Dr Rowan 1756\\nBeverly Henry Hill 1766\\nEdward Peter Robinson 1752\\nJoseph Budd Robinson 1751\\nWilliam Peter Robinson 175 1\\nRogers, James Reese Meredith 1760\\nRogers, John* [Rodgers John Wilcocks 175 1\\nPhilip Reese Meredith 1760\\nRon an, John 1767\\nRoss, George George Ross, Esq 1767\\nRound, Samuel Samuel Caldwell ^1^1\\nRowan, Thomas Dr Rowan I759\\nRudolph, John 1767\\nRumsey, Nathan* Mr Davidson 1769\\nRundle, George* Daniel Rundle 1756\\nRichard Do 1762\\nRush, Jacob Richard Morris 1756\\nWilham William Rush 1756\\nRutherford, John Andrew Elliot 1757\\nSalter, John Capt Elisha Salter I754\\nRobert Do 1754\\nSample, David* perse 1764\\nSaunders, Arnold Ebenezer Kinnersly 1754\\nGeorge* Thomas Asten 1757\\nJohn* John Relfe 1760\\nMartindale Do 1759\\nSavage, Nath Littleton perse 1753\\nRobert Robert Ritchie 1768\\nSayre, James* [Sayer Capt John Sayre 1756\\nSayres, John John Sayres 1751\\nSchuyler, Arent 1751\\nRanseler 1751\\nSamuel Thomas Lawrence, Esq 1761\\nScott, Edward per se 1763\\nJohn John Scott 1762\\nThomas William Scott 1761\\nWilHam Do 1754\\nScull, Joseph Redmond Conyngham 1764", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0557.jp2"}, "558": {"fulltext": "550 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nScull, William 175 1\\nSeth, Charles Sarah Wilkinson 1763\\nShall, Joseph Redmond Conyngham 1765\\nSharp, Gillis Capt John Wilcocks 1756\\nJohn Do 1756\\nSharswood, George George Sharswood i757\\nJames Do 1757\\nWilliam Do 1757\\nShee, John Walter Shee 1752\\nShenon, Thomas James Shenon i755\\nShewbert, Philip Isaac Zane 1751\\nShewell, Robert Ehzabeth Shewell 1760\\nStephen Stephen Shewell 1764\\nShippen, Edward Edward Shippen, Esq 1766\\nJohn Dr William .Shippen 1751\\nJoseph Do 175 1\\nJoseph* Joseph Shippen 175 1\\nShute, John 175 1\\nSimpson, Michael per se 1768\\nSims, Joseph Joseph Sims 1752\\nWooddrop Do 1767\\nSinclair, Henry 1751\\nSmall, Francis perse 1756\\nSmith, Benjamin* William West 1769\\nGeorge William Smith 1752\\nGilbert Hamilton Dr Phineas Bond 1766\\nJames William Smith 1752\\nJohn George Smith 1759\\nJohn Robert Smith 1760\\nJohn Cornelia Smith 1765\\nJohn Joseph Sims 1768\\nJonathan Samuel Smith 1751\\nPeter* William West 1769\\nSamuel William Smith 1752\\nSamuel Thomas Smith 1765\\nThomas Thomas Willing, Esq 1766\\nThomas* Dr Smith 1767\\nWilliam Samuel Smith 1756\\nWilliam* Dr Smith 1767\\nSnow, John William Plumsted, Esq 1751\\nSobers, John John Sober 1764\\nSomersall, William Mrs Piller 1757\\nSouthwick, Solomon* Ebenezer Kinnersly ^754", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0558.jp2"}, "559": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 551\\nEntered By Whom Year\\n757\\n755\\n762\\n761\\n761\\n764\\n756\\n762\\n753\\n766\\n765\\n761\\n766\\n766\\n751\\n766\\n765\\n766\\n760\\n752\\n751\\n766\\n761\\n751\\n755\\n756\\n760\\n755\\n755\\nSpafford, George John Spafford\\nStanley, Joseph Valentine Stanley\\nRichard William Stanley\\nValentine Valentine Stanley\\nStedman, Charles Alexander Stedman, Esq\\nJohn Do\\nStephens, Evan per se\\nJohn [Stevens Joseph Bell\\nSterling, Walter Thomas Willing, Esq\\nStevenson, James William Vanderspiegel\\nJohn James Stevenson\\nRobert Mr Stevenson\\nStewart, John* [Stuart?] per se\\nStiegel, Jacob John Stiegel\\nStiles, Henry Capt Stiles\\nJames John Nesbit\\nStillwaggon, Lawrence John Stillwaggon\\nStout, Harman Mrs Stout\\nStreet, John per se\\nStreight, Christian* Rev Mr Muhlenberg\\nStrettell, Robert Amos Strettell\\nStringer, Samuel Dr Thomas Bond\\nSwan, Richard Richard Swan\\nSwift, Charles John Swift\\nJacob Do\\nJohn Samuel Swift\\nJohn James Joseph Swift\\nJohn White* John Swift\\nJoseph* Do\\nSwoope, George Henry Keppele\\nSyng, Joseph Philip Syng\\nTaite, Matthew* [Tate Mr Davidson\\nTalbot, James John Talbot\\nTallman, Hinchman Dr James Dove\\nJames James Tallman\\nTennison, John Thomas Capt Magnus Miller\\nTew, David Thomas Mullen\\nTherould, Douro Capt John Wilcocks\\nThorn, William* per se\\nThomas, Alexander per se\\nJohn* Mr Davidson\\nLuke John Sawer\\n768\\n766\\n752\\n755\\n764\\n766\\n757\\n768\\n756\\n769\\n765", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0559.jp2"}, "560": {"fulltext": "552 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEntered By Whom Year.\\nThomas, William* Capt Morrel 1766\\nThomson, George 1751\\nWilliam Richard Peters, Esq 1752\\nThornton, George Amos Strettell 1755\\nTilghman, Edward* Richard Peters, Esq 1760\\nJames* James Tilghman 1762\\nPhilemon Do 1766\\nWilliam* Do 1762\\nTench* Tench Francis 1752\\nTinker, John Redmond Conyngham 1759\\nTittermary, Richard John Tittermary 1762\\nTolbert, James John Tolbert 1768\\nTraill, Robert John Kidd 1761\\nTresse, Thomas Robert Greenway 1756\\nTrimingham, John Alexander Lunan 1765\\nTrott, John Emanuel Josiah 1760\\nTucker, Richard John Nesbitt 1766\\nTuite, Robert Robert Tuite 1751\\nTurner, Thomas Peter Turner 1751\\nWilliam Do 1751\\nTweedy, Joseph* Nathaniel Tweedy 1764\\nVance, Adam James Vance\\nVan Cortlandt, Stephen\\nVangezel, Benjamin Evan Morgan\\nVanlaer, George\\nVaughan, Thomas Capt Lyon\\nVanlouvening, Joseph Widow Vanlouvening\\nVining, Benjamin* Benjamin Wyncoop\\nWaddell, Henry* Capt John Sayre\\nWalker, Philip John Dickinson, Esq\\nRobert Robert Walker\\nWilliam Capt Magnus Miller\\nWall, Richard Gurney Wall\\nWallace, Joshua Maddox* John Wallace\\nWaller, Michael\\nWaldron, Mainsweet Mr Lyon\\nWalton, Abraham* Thomas Lawrence, Esq\\nGerard Do\\nWard, James Tench Francis, Esq\\nWarner, John Thomas Riche\\nWaterman, Kear Benjamin Hutchins", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0560.jp2"}, "561": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 553\\nEntered By Whom\\nWatkins, John Joseph Watkins\\nWatts, Stephen* per se\\nWayne, Anthony per se\\nWeams, Thomas Dr Phineas Bond\\nWebb, James\\nJohn Elizabeth Church\\nJohn Dr John Clifton\\nWebbe, John William Griffiths\\nWeiser, Benjamin Conrad Weiser\\nSamuel Do\\nWeiss, Jacob Jacob Weiss\\nWelsh, Edward [Welch Thomas Gilbert\\nValentine Do\\nWells, Benjamin\\nGeorge\\nRichard Charles Cox\\nWest, John Thomas West\\nWestcott, George George Westcott\\nWey, Nicholas Joseph Wey\\nWhite, James Townsend White\\nJohn Do\\nTownsend Do\\nWilliam* Thomas White, Esq\\nWhitpaine, John Sarah Whitpaine\\nWickham, John Thomas Gilbert\\nWilcocks, Alexander* John Wilcocks\\nJohn Do\\nJohn Robert Wilcocks\\nWiUiam Mrs Mary Hopkinson\\nWilkins, Nathaniel* George Bartram\\nWilkinson, Daniel Mrs Wilkinson\\nWilliams, Charles Townsend White\\nCharles Charles Williams\\nWilling, Charles Charles Willing, Esq\\nJames Thomas Willing\\nRichard Charles Willing\\nWilloughby, John Thomas Bourk\\nWilmer, Edward Price* Benjamin Franklin\\nWilt, Christian Abraham Wilt\\nWister, Caspar MrsWister\\nDaniel John Wister\\nWitherhead, William\\nWood, John Dr McLean\\nYear.\\n1760\\n1760\\n1763\\n1752\\n1753\\n1752\\n1751\\n1757\\n1754\\n1754\\n1762\\n1756\\n1757\\n1759\\n1760\\n1761\\n1764\\n1769\\n1760\\n1752\\n1759\\n1752\\n1754\\n1754\\n1757\\n1751\\n1751\\n1761\\n1753\\n1769\\n1753\\n1752\\n1762\\n1751\\n1759\\n1752\\n1762\\n1753\\n1762\\n1753\\n1752\\n1753\\n1760", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0561.jp2"}, "562": {"fulltext": "554 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nEnte7-ed By Whom Year.\\nWood, Samuel 1751\\nWilliam Joseph Wood 1763.\\nWoodcock, Thomas Charles Batho 1756\\nWooden, John Reese Meredith 1755\\nWoodroe, William Henry Woodroe I754\\nWormley, Henry William Hodge 175 1\\nWright, Joseph Joseph Wright 1768\\nWynkoop, Abraham Benjamin Wynkoop 1762\\nBenjamin John Inglis 1752\\nJames Benjamin Wynkoop 1762\\nYearswood, Naboth John Howard 1757\\nYeates, Jasper* John Yeates 1752\\nJohn* Do 1752\\nYorke, Andrew Thomas Yorke, Esq 1751\\nEdward Do 175 1\\nRobinson* [Robeson?]. Do 175 1\\nSamuel Do 1762\\nThomas Do 1751\\nYoung, John John Young 1752\\nJohn Col James Young 1764\\nNottley Dr Thomas Bond 1751\\nWilliam John Young 1752", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0562.jp2"}, "563": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nAberdeen University, curriculum, 235.\\nAcademy and College (see also Charity School). Accomif of {17^^), 519.\\nAddresses, to Archbishop of Canterbury (1762), 404, Samuel Chandler\\n(1762), 404, Lord Bute (1763), 411, King George (1763), 411. Adver-\\ntisement of opening, 139. Buildings, the first, 26, 27, 109-111, 116,\\n123, 124, 231; plans for (176 1), 354-359; purchase of, 70, 125, 443-\\n448, 464. Charter, 177-179, 209-211, 439. Co-education, 445.\\nCommencements {17 ^1 281, 286-291, 314; (1759), 339! (1760), 347-\\n350; (1762), 360; (1763), 362, 398; (1764), 370; (1765), 431. 452-\\n454; (1766), 456, 458-463; (1767). 466, 477; (1768), 463, 485; (1769),\\n488; (1770), 488; (1771), 488-490. Constitutions, 46; ratification of,\\n52. Ctirricuhem and Education, 138, 205, 231, 233, 234, 269, 352,\\n471,473-476. Degree conferring, Diplomas, -^x^. Eiiglish\\nSchool, 472. Examinations, 473. i^zV^awir^-^-, first expenditures, 121;\\nfirst funds, 51, 120, 121; finances up to 1762, 375-382; general\\nsubscribers, 118, 121 help from lotteries, 376-379; investment\\nof capital (1763), 416, 417; loan from Philadelphia lottery, 121;\\nPerkasie Manor, 201, 380, 344; plans in 1764, 444-446; pur-\\nchase of apparatus, 125, 126, 221; purchases of property, 122,\\n176, 177, 464; result of mission to England, 409, 415, 418-421;\\nsubscription of Trustees, 51, 118; tuition receipts, 491. Graduates,\\n268, 282-284, 298, 340, 349, 360, 362, 364, 452, 453, 458, 459, 466,\\n475, 478, 486, 488-491. Instructors, see Alexander, F. and P. Alison,\\nAnderson, Andrews, Ayres, B. S. and T. Barton, W. P. C. Barton,\\nBeard, Beveridge, Campbell, Cannon, Carroll, Constable, Davidson,\\nJ. Davis, Donnaldson, Dove, Dungan, Easton, Eaton, Ewing, Fon-\\ntaine, Fook, Grew, T. Hall, G. E., J. T., R. and Dr. R. Hare, Har-\\nrison, Hunt, Jackson, Johnston, E. H., and J. Jones, Keene, Kin-\\nnersley, Kuhn, Lang, Latta, John and Joseph Montgomery, J. Mor-\\ngan, Morton, Ormsby, Patterson, Peisley, Pollock, Porter, Pratt, Read,\\nRittenhouse, Rothenbuller, Rush, W. Shippen, jr., W. Smith, Steuart,\\nThomson, Wallace, WilUamson, Wilson. Instructors, in 1761, 375;\\nprivate lesson giving, 351; salaries of, 123, 138, 142, 144, 150, 151,\\n162, 167, 232, 245, 301, 375, 469, 484. King George s \\\\xi\\\\. xQ%\\\\., 412.\\nLatin School, 469. Library, 336. Logan s offer, 57. Mathematical\\nSchool, 470. Medical School, abrogation of degree of Bachelor of\\nPhysic, 491; curriculum, 475, 484-486; commencements, 485, 486,\\n488-490; graduates, 491; origin, 305-307, 479-483; professors, see\\nMorgan, W. Shippen, jr., Kuhn, Rush, Bond; rules, 483, 485; theses,\\n489. Mission to England (1762), 382-394, 402-420. Offer to Sam.\\nJohnson, 127, 130-133, 136. Origin, 501; date of origin, 11 2-1 16,", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0563.jp2"}, "564": {"fulltext": "556 HiSTORV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.\\n335; father, 442; first opening, 138, 139, 151; Franklin s proposals,\\n30, 31, 33, 35, 46, 495; Proud s reference, 52. Political infliiejices,\\n319-321, 371, 432-443. Prizes for students, 365-372. Provost, see\\nAndrews, DeLancey, W. Smith. Public appeals, 383-394, 404-406;\\nsee Mission to England. Public Exercises, 229-231, 233, 243, 281-\\n284, 286-291, 314, 338, 345, 347, 360, 362, 370, 398. Pupils, age\\nof, 265, 266; alteration in regulations, 352; boarding, 354-359, 447;\\ncare of, 448; deaths among, 207; expenses of, 444, 445, 447, 485;\\nlist of (up to 1769), 530; matriculants (in 1757), 282-284; number,\\n267, 268; pranks of, 155; see also Graduates. Rectors, see F. Alison,\\nD. Martin; duties, 127. Relations to Charity School, see Charity\\nSchool. Relation with King s College, see King s College. Relatioji\\nto John Penn, yj% 380, 381. Relation to Penn a Hospital, see Hos-\\npital, the Pennsylvania. Relation to W. Smith s controversies, 272-\\n275, 322-326, 328, 332. Religious policy, 424-429. Royal Brief,\\n388-390, 402, 405. Rules a7id Statutes, 217, 483, 484. Schools, see\\nEnglish, Latin, Medical and Mathematical Schools; also see curricu-\\nlum. Seal, 233. Titles, ijj, 480, 490; Matthew Arnold s term, 74.\\nTricstees, see A., J. and W. Allen, Bingham, P. and T. Bond, J. and\\nT. Cadwalader, Chew, Clymer, Coleman, J. R. and W. Coxe, Duche,\\nand Duche, jr., Elliott, Francis, Franklin, A. and J. Hamilton, J. I.\\nC. Hare, F. and T. Hopkinson, Inglis, I. Jones, Lardner, J. and T.\\nLawrence, Leech, Logan, Maddox, Magaw, Masters, S. M Call, jr.,\\nJ. and T. Mifflin, R. Morris, I. Norris, R. Penn, Peters, Plumsted,\\nPowell, Redman, Rittenhouse, E. Shippen, jr., W. Shippen, Stedman,\\nA. and R. Strettell, Syng, Taylor, Tilghman, J. Turner, T. and W.\\nWhite, C. T. and T. M. Willing, Zachary. Trustees, clerks of, 108,\\n221, 471; first action, 109; number necessary to transact business,\\n154; places of meeting, 126; presidents, 52, 372, 374; prominence,\\n317, 318; public interests of, 228; religious tenets, 130, 425; report\\nof Committee on Buildings (1764), 444-446. Trustees Meetings,\\nMintites {ly^g), 52, 109; (1750), 1 16-120, 136-138, 142, 154; (1751),\\n125, 144, 150, 152, 154, 155, 162; (1752), 44. 151. 153-155. 177.\\n183; (1753). 145. 170. 175. 177. 178, 183, 184; (1754). 154. 164. 175.\\n201; (1755), 148, 158, 175, 209, 210, 217, 221, 222, 231, 232; (1756),\\n164, 227, 232, 234, 272, 273, 282; (1757). 286, 314, 315; (1758),\\n328, 336-338; (1759). 339-341. 343. 377; (1760), 344, 347. 351.\\n380, 470; (1761), 351, 352, 354, 355, 357-359. 383. 385; (1762), 348,\\n361, 382, 473, 480; (1763), 247, 359, 362, 366-369, 471, 473, 474;\\n(1764). 373. 374. 421. 422, 426, 471; (1765), 415,452,453,481;\\n(1766), 298, 460, 476; (1767), 448, 466-469, 471, 481; (1768), 249,\\n472; (1769), 250, 488; (1770), 251; (1771), 489, 490; (1772), 107,\\n174. Ttatioji fees, 157, 315, 375; first payment of, 141; Vice- Pro-\\nvosts, see F. Alison, J. Andrews.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0564.jp2"}, "565": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 557\\nAlexander, Alex., tutor in College, 452, 472.\\nAlison, Francis, biographical sketch, 163 election to Vice-Provostship,\\n209 professorship, 162, 233, 375 rectorship, 162.\\nAlison, Patrick, tutor in Academy, 375, 469.\\nAllen, Andrew, Trustee of Academy, 340.\\nAllen, John, election to Trustees of Academy, 108.\\nAllen, William, biographical sketch, 61 subscriber to Academy, 118, 121,\\nAmerican Magazine, origin, 333.\\nAmerican Philosophical Society, first members, 31 origin, 18, 31 reor-\\nganization, 3 1\\nAnderson, tutor in College, 470.\\nAndrews, John, ordination, 303 professor and provost, 452 tutor, 470\\nvice-provost, 304.\\nArnold, Matthew, address in University, 74.\\nAssociators, origin, 32.\\nAyres, William, assistant in Charity School, 269 tutorship, 375.\\nBarton, Benjamin Smith, professor in College University, 169.\\nBarton, Thomas, biographical sketch, 167 honorary degree, 348.\\nBarton, Wm. P. C, professor in University, 169.\\nBartram, John, 31, Franklin s opinion of, 165.\\nBaynton, John, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nBeard, John, tutor in Academy, 343.\\nBelmont Mansion on Schuylkill, ownership, 95.\\nBenezet, Daniel, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nBerkeley, Bishop, relations with Samuel Johnson, 130, letter to, 506.\\nBeveridge, John, characteristics, 124, 342, 467, 468; death, 467; professor-\\nship, 341, 375.\\nBiddle, Edward, assistant in Academy, 144.\\nBingham, William, subscriber to Academy, 118, Trustee, 89.\\nBlair, Wm., subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nBond, Phineas, biographical sketch, 90; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nBond, Thomas, biographical sketch, 97 clinical lecturer, 488 founder of\\nPenn a Hospital, 181 connection with St. John s Lodge, 21 subscrip-\\ntion to Academy, 118.\\nBraddock s expedition, consequences of, 279; influence on Academy, 221\\nPennsylvania claimants, 71.\\nBreck, James L., 478.\\nBrientnal, Joseph, 17.\\nBrockden, Richard, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nBrown, John, connection with Academy, 409.\\nBurd, James, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nBurgess, Thomas, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nCadwalader, General John, election to Trustees of Academy, 161.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0565.jp2"}, "566": {"fulltext": "558 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nCadwalader, Thomas, biographical sketch, 159; election to Trustees of\\nAcademy, 102, 155; relation to Philadelphia Library Company, 20; to\\nSt. John s Lodge, 21.\\nCambridge University, age of matriculants, 265 education, 264, 265.\\nCampbell, Samuel, tutor in Academy, 360, 375, 470.\\nCannon, James, professor in College, 466.\\nCarroll, Patrick, connection with Charity School, 153; usher in Academy,\\n151.\\nChandler, Samuel, connection with Academy, 404 letter to Dr. Peters,\\n423-\\nCharity School (i-^?^ also Academy and College), masters, 153, 269, 375;\\nmistresses, 175, 269, 375; new building, 359; opening, 152; origin,\\nno, 153; separation from College, 446.\\nChew, Benjamin, biographical sketch, 316; descendants, 317; election to\\nTrustees of Academy, 71.\\nChrist Church School, 45.\\nChurch, 2d Presbyterian, foundation, 117.\\nClymer, George, election to Trustees of Academy, 108.\\nColeman, William, biographical sketch, 107; clerk of Trustees, 220;\\nmember of Junto, 18; subscriber to Academy, 118; treasurer of Phila-\\ndelphia Library company, 20; treasurer of trustees of Academy, 52.\\nCollins, John, relation with Franklin, 15.\\nColumbia College, see King s College.\\nConstable, John, tutor in Academy, 269.\\nCooke, Samuel, honorary degree, 348.\\nCoombe, Thomas, election to Christ Church, 94.\\nCoxe, John, member American Philosophical Society, 31; subscriber to\\nAcademy, 1 1 8.\\nCoxe, John R., trustee of University, 450.\\nCoxe, William, election to trustees, 343.\\nCradock, Thomas, sketch of, 171.\\nCradock, William, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nCreamer, connection with Academy, 174, 175; professorship, 473.\\nDavidson, James, instructor in College, 469.\\nDavis, John, master in Charity School, 375; tutor in Academy, 362, 469,\\n470, 472.\\nE^avis, Samuel, honorary degree, 347.\\nDeLancey, Wm. H., Provost of University, 65.\\nDelaware College, foundation, 163, 312.\\nDickinson College, library, 159.\\nDonnaldson, Wm., tutor in Academy, 269.\\nDove, David J., election to mastership, 142; private school of, 145;\\nsketch of, 143-145; teacher in Germantown Academy, 378.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0566.jp2"}, "567": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 559\\nDuche, Jacob, election to Trustees of Academy, 70; degree, 286; subscrip-\\ntion to Academy, 118.\\nDuche, Jacob, jr., biographical sketch, 293; election to Trustees ot\\nAcademy, 374.\\nDungan, Thomas, instructor in College, 452, 470-472.\\nDunn, A., teacher in Charity School, 153.\\nEaston, Jonathan, assistant in College, 472.\\nEaton, Robert, instructor in College, 470.\\nEdmiston, Wm., biographical, 303.\\nEdwards, Morgan, honorary degree, 361.\\nElliott, Andrew, biographical sketch, 450; election to Trustees of Academy,\\n97-\\nEvans, Nathaniel, death, 467; honorary degree, 453.\\nEwing, John, connection with Academy, 337, 385, 474; opinion on Indian\\ntroubles, 435.\\nFellow, application of term, 136.\\nFontaine, professor in College, 473.\\nFook, Paul, professor in College, 474.\\nFordyce, David, professor at Marischall College, 194.\\nFothergill, Dr., connection with College, 479.\\nFrancis, Tench, biographical sketch, 67; election to Trustees of Academy,\\n210; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nFranklin, Benjamin, biographical sketch, 11-40, 73-83. Academy con-\\nnections Academy s reliance upon, 399 connection with Board of\\nTrustees, 27, 52, 81; correspondence with Dr. Johnson, 506-509, 510-\\n515; disassociation, 227; on disposal of funds (1750), 120, 123;\\ndraughter of Constitutions, 46; founder of Academy, 33; first pro-\\nposals (1743), 30, 31; prospectus and proposals (i749). 35 495;\\nresignation of presidency of Trustees, 272; subscription, 118; ideas\\non education, 244-251. Colonel of Philadelphia regiment, 226.\\nCool Thoughts, etc., 435. Degrees conferred upon, 14, 180.\\nElectrical studies, 75,77, 173,401. i^3z^;?(^^r of Pennsylvania Gazette,\\n19; of the first American insurance company, 24, 182; of Pennsyl-\\nvania Hospital, 76, 181. Friendships, with Wm. Allen, 64; with\\nJohn Bartram, 165; with Samuel Johnson, 127, 130, 132; with the\\nPenns, 64, 439-441; with Wm. Smith, 190-192, 200, 335, 395-402;\\nwith Whitefield, 25, 28. Na7 rative of the late Massacres, etc.,\\n433. Plan of a constitutional federatioti, 203, 204. Postmastership,\\n24, 180. Remarks on a late Protest, etc., 441. Relation to 6 /\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00bb?j2^\\nAct, 457. Treaty with Indians, 183. Usefulness, 182. Visits, to\\nEngland (1774), 440, 443; to Yale College, 208.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0567.jp2"}, "568": {"fulltext": "560 HiSTORV OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.\\nFriends Publick School, early teachers, 42, 43 foundation, 41 overseers,\\n43, 44; location, 45.\\nGerman immigrants, see Society for Education of Germans.\\nGermantown Academy, foundation, 145, 378; lottery for, 378.\\nGodfrey, Thomas, member of American Philosophical Society, 31; mem-\\nber of Junto, 18; obituary by Franklin, 109.\\nGrace, Robert, 18.\\nGreenway, Robert, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nGrew, Theophilus, election to mathematical mastership, 142; honorary\\ndegree, 286; sketch of, 146, 147.\\nGrowden, Lawrence, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nHall, David, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nHall, Thomas, tutor in Academy, 106, 472.\\nHamilton, Alexander, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nHamilton, Andrew, election to Trustees of Academy, 65.\\nHamilton, James, biographical sketch, 211; election to Trustees of\\nAcademy, 61, 211; relation to St John s Lodge, 21; subscription to\\nAcademy, 118.\\nHamilton, William, epilogue by, 230.\\nHare, George Emlen, professor in University, 89.\\nHare, J. I. C. trustee and professor in Univei sity, 89.\\nHare, Robert, trustee of Academy, 89.\\nHare, Dr. Robert, professor in University, 89.\\nHarrison, Richard, tutor in Academy, 375.\\nHarvard College, 13; early curriculum, 258-261; father of, 258; grad-\\nuates, 268.\\nHasell, Samuel, subscriber to Academy, 118, 119, 121.\\nHazard, Samuel, ground sold to Academy, 122; subscriber to Academy,\\n118.\\nHicks, Edwards, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nHill, Richard, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nHodge, Andrew, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nHolwell, Frances, mistress of Charity School, 175, 269.\\nHopkinson, Francis, biographical sketch, 296; dissension from Faculty,\\n363; degree, 286; Errata on the Art of Printing, 364; essay, 179;\\nprize dissertation, 369.\\nHopkinson, Thomas, biographical sketch, 100; death, 155; member of\\nAmerican Philosophical Society, 31; relation to Philadelphia Library\\nCompany, 20; to St. John s Lodge, 21; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nHospital, the Pennsylvania, first physicians, 71; foundation, 76, 180-182,\\n482; kinship with University, 182, 482, 483, 485.\\nHowe, General, residence in Philadelphia, 70.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0568.jp2"}, "569": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 561\\nHumphreys, James, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nHumphreys, William, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nHunt, Isaac, libds on the College, 460, 461; tutor in Academy, 362,\\n364, 472.\\nHuntingdon, foundation of, 465.\\nHutchins, Joseph, honorary degree, 466.\\nInglis, John, aid for Academy, 410; biographical sketch, 66j subscription\\nto A ademy, 1 18.\\nJackson, Paul, biographical sketch, 292; clerk to trustees, 221; death,\\n4(^/; degree, 286; elections to instructorships, 151, 233.\\nJame Abel, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nJay. james, connection with Academy and King s College, 390-393, 405,\\n407, 409, 410, 414, 419, 420; knighthood, 412.\\nJeykill, Margaret, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nJohnson, Samuel, biographical sketch, 128; call to Academy, 127, 130,\\n131 (and Appendix C); correspondence with Franklin, 507, 510-515;\\nwith Dr. Peters, 509, 510; declination of Academy s offer, 132;\\nElementa philosophica, 133; president of King s College, 131,\\n133; death, 135.\\nJohnston, Robert, tutor in Academy, 364, 471.\\nJones, Edward, instructor in College, 472.\\nJones, Horace, instructor in Academy, 269.\\nJones, Isaac, trustee of Academy, 86.\\nJones, John, sketch of, 150.\\nJones, Rob. Strettell, honorary degree, 453.\\nJunto, formation, 17; members, 18; relation to Philadelphia Library Com-\\npany, 20.\\nKeene, Samuel, tutor in Academy, 340.\\nKeith, George, sketch of, 42, 43.\\nKing s College, advertisement of opening, 134, 516; charter, 133; date of\\nterm Columbia College, 135; designs for, 127, 186, 187, 207; funds\\nfor, 133; number of graduates, 268; medical school, 483; relation to\\nAcademy in Philadelphia, 134, 387, 390-394, 419, 420, 425, 483;\\nreligious policy, 425.\\nKinnersley, Ebenezer, biographical sketch, 172; election to English mas-\\ntership, 145, 170; electrical studies, 79, 80; honorary degree, 286;\\nmemorial window to, 174; relations to Academy, -JT, professorship,\\n375, 472; stewardship, 446, 447.\\nKirke, John, assistant in Charity School, 269.\\nKuhn, Adam, professor in College, 481.\\nKyn, Joran, founder of Swedish settlement at Upland, (^6.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0569.jp2"}, "570": {"fulltext": "562 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nLang, James, tutor in Academy, 362, 364, 469.\\nLardner, Lynford, subscriber to Academy, 118; trustee of Academy, 374,\\n449.\\nLatta, James, biographical sketch, 301; degree, 286; tutor in Academy,\\n232.\\nLawrence, John, election to Trustees of Academy, 103.\\nLawrence. John, jr. subscriber to Academy, 1 18.\\nLawrence, Thomas, biographical sketch, 59; subscription to Academy, 1 18.\\nLawrence, Thos., jr., subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nLeech, Thomas, biographical sketch, 82; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nLibrary Company of Philadelphia, origin, 20.\\nLogan, James, attendance on Trustees meetings, 43; biographical sketch,\\n53; death, 155; gifts to Academy, 20, 118; library, 57; overseer of\\nFriends Publick School, 43; president of the Council, 23.\\nLog College, 449-\\nLotteries, 378; laws for suppression of, 379.\\nMaddox, Joshua, biographical sketch, 104; election to Trustees of Acad-\\nemy, 210; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nMagaw, Samuel, biographical sketch, 303; degree, 286.\\nMakin, Thomas, teacher in Friends Publick School, 43.\\nMartin, David, rector of Academy, 127, 136; obituary notes, 141, 142.\\nMartin, Josiah, death, 286; relation with Wm. Smith, 186, 196, 205.\\nMartin, Wm. T., death, 207.\\nMasonic Lodge, the earhest, 21.\\nMaster, application of term, 136.\\nMasters, Mary, historic house of, 60, 71.\\nMasters, William, biographical sketch, 68; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nMather, Joseph, honorary degree, 361.\\nMaugridge, Wm., member of Junto, 18.\\nM Call, Archibald, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nM Call, Samuel, jr., biographical sketch, 71 subscription to Academy, ilS.\\nMcllvaine, David, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nMeredith Charles, subscriber to Academy, 1 18.\\nMeredith, Hugh, 18.\\nMeredith, Reese, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nMiddleton, Mrs., mistress of Charity School, 375.\\nMifflin, John, biographical sketch, 216; election to Trustees of Academy,\\n210.\\nMifilin, Thomas, election to Trustees of Academy, 91.\\nM Kean, Robert, honorary degree, 348.\\nMontgomery, John, biographical note, 458; tutor in Academy, 459, 470,\\n472.\\nMontgomery, Joseph, usher in Academy, 343.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0570.jp2"}, "571": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 563\\nMoore, Judge, legal case, 322-326, 331.\\nMorgan, Evan, subscriber to Academy, 1 1 8.\\nMorgan, John, aid for Academy, 410; biographical sketch, 304; degree,\\n286; first medical professor, 102, 479-482; winner of medal, 368, 370;\\nSmith s eulogy of, 370.\\nMorrey, Humphrey, first mayor of Philadelphia, 84.\\nMorris, John, essay by, 179.\\nMorris, Robert, election to Trustees of Academy, 95.\\nMorton, Andrew, master of Charity School, 269 tutor in Academy, 342\\ncharges against, 451.\\nMuhlenberg, Henry, letter on German immigrants, 276.\\nMuhlenberg, Henry E., 478.\\nNeaves, Samuel, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nNorris, Isaac, election to Trustees of Academy, 44, 58, 155; biographical\\nsketch, 156; Overseer of Friends Publick School, 43.\\nOrd, John, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nOrmsby, John, tutor in Academy, 269; in Charity School, 153.\\nOxford University, age of matriculants, 265; education, 264, 265.\\nParsons, William, member of American Philosophical Society, 31; mem-\\nber of Junto, 18.\\nPaschall, Stephen, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nPatterson, John, tutor in College, 452.\\nPaxton Boys, 434, 436, 439\\nPeisley, instructor in Academy, 151.\\nPemberton, James, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nPenn, John, relations to Academy, 373, 374,\\nPenn Richard, election to Trustees of Academy, 107.\\nPenn, Thomas, interest in Academy, 344, 380, 381, 385, 388, 418 letter\\non Medical School, 306, 479.\\nPenn Charter School, see Friend s Publick School.\\nPennsylvania Gazette, origin, 19.\\nPerkasie Manor, 201, 380, 416.\\nPeters, Richard, biographical sketch, 92, 95 letters to Samuel Johnson,\\n131, 509 president of Trustees of Academy, 272 secretary of the\\nProvince, 30 sermon at opening of Academy, 140, 141 subscription\\nto Academy, 118 visit to England, 430.\\nPhysick, Philip Syng, connection with Academy, 88.\\nPliny, the Younger, letter of, 11.\\nPlumsted, William, biographical sketch, 102 relation to St. John s\\nLodge, 21 subscriptions to Academy, 118, 120.\\nPollock (Polock), Thomas, tutor in Academy, 361, 375, 469.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0571.jp2"}, "572": {"fulltext": "564 History of the University of Pennsylvania.\\nPoor Richard s Almanack, 21.\\nPorter, John, master in Charity School, 375 tutor in Academy, 360.\\nPotts, Stephen, 18.\\nPowel Samuel, election to Trustees of Academy, 88.\\nPratt, Thomas, tutor in Academy, 269, 375, 471 in Germantown\\nAcademy, 378.\\nPrice, George, assistant in Charity School, 153.\\nPrinceton College, founders, 84 graduates, 268 lottery for, 378.\\nProprietaries Interests, 157, 213, 225, 270, 311, 436, 439-441.\\nRead, Samuel, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nRead, Thomas, tutor in the College, 459, 470.\\nRector, application of term, 136.\\nRedman, John, biographical sketch, 449 election to trustees of Academy,\\n72.\\nReed, Joseph, Academy connections, 368, 459; honorary degree, 459.\\nRhoads, Samuel, 31.\\nRittenhouse, David, honorary degree, 466; professorship, 467; Trustee of\\nAcademy, 467.\\nRoberdeau, Controversy, 270-275, 279.\\nRoss, John, subscriber to Academy, 1 18.\\nRothenbuller, teacher in College, 474.\\nRush, Benjamin, biographical sketch, 487; professorship, 488.\\nSt. Andrew s Society, organization, 66.\\nSt. John s Lodge, formation, 21, 63.\\nSt. Peter s Church, location, 72.\\nSargent, John, prizes offered by, 365-372, 397; sketch of, 371, 372.\\nSauer, Christopher, opposition to Franklin, 278, 280.\\nSaunders, Joseph, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nSchools, of Philadelphia; early schools, 40; night schools, 150; see also\\nChrist Church School, Friends Publick School, Germantown Academy,\\nVidell s Alley School, School of Tennent.\\nSchool teachers of Philadelphia, see Beveridge, Dove, Keith, Makin.\\nScull, Nicholas, 18.\\nSeabury, Bishop, ordination, 199.\\nSearle, John, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nSeeker, Archbishop, letter to Dr. Peters, 419.\\nSherlock, Archbishop, letter testimonial to Wm. Smith, 185.\\nShippen, Edward, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nShippen, Edward, Jr., election to Trustees of Academy, 68, 343.\\nShippen, William, attendance at Trustees meetings, 427; biographical\\nsketch, 84; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nShippen, William, Jr. professor in the College, 479, 482.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0572.jp2"}, "573": {"fulltext": "History of the University of Pennsylvania. 565\\nShute, Attwood, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nSimonton, John, honorary degree, 361.\\nSims, Joseph, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nSmith, Isaac, honorary degree, 361.\\nSmith, Sampson, honorary degree, 348.\\nSmith, William, Academy Connections, first relations, 184, 194, 197, 201,\\n202; draught of charter, 209; educational projects, 187, 188, 205,\\n234-244, 252-256 letters to Dr. Peters (1754) 204 mission to Eng-\\nland (1762), 382-395, 402-420; prayers for use at the Academy, 197.\\n^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Biographical Sketch, 185 Degrees, 332, 414, 185. Editor of\\nAmerican Magazine, 335 of Colonel Bouquet s Journals, 451.\\nEtclogy on Dr. Morgan, 370. Help for German Immigrants, 199,\\n275-279. Alarriage, 91, 329. Politics, Duquesne Campaign, 330\\nIndian troubles (1764), 437, 438 Judge Moore case, 322-326, 328,\\n331 Roberdeau controversy, 270-275 political sermon (1755), 223;\\non Stamp Act, 456. Relations with Franklin, 335, 395-402.\\nReligious activity, change of religion, 191 missionary work, 477\\non religious bodies, 327 ordination, 199 preaching powers, 477\\npresident of conventions, 451 rector of Oxford Parish, 455, 464\\nSermons, 284, 286. Return from Eiigland,{\\\\ ]^A^, 200; (1759), 344;\\n(1764), 420.\\nSociety for Education of Germans, foundation, 275-279.\\nSonmans, Peter, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nSouthwlck, Samuel, honorary degree, 286.\\nStamp Act, 456-458.\\nStedman, Alexander, biographical sketch, 214 election to Trustees of\\nAcademy, 90, 211.\\nSteuart, Andrew, Short introduction to Grammar, 363, 468.\\nStiles, Ezra, oration on Franklin, 208.\\nStrettell, Amos, biographical note, 449; election to Trustees of Academy,\\n86, 374; subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nStrettell, John, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nStrettell, Robert, biographical sketch, 86; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nSyng, Philip, biographical sketch, 87; relation to Philadelphia Library\\nCompany, 20; to St. John s Lodge, 21 subscription to Academy, 118.\\nTaylor, Abram, biographical sketch, 96; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nTennent, William, school of, 449.\\nThomson, Charles, election to Latin Mastership, 142; sketch of, 147.\\nTilghman, James, election to Trustees of Academy, 67.\\nTill, William, see L. William.\\nTrotter, James, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nTurner, Joseph, biographical sketch, 72; subscription to Academy, 118.", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0573.jp2"}, "574": {"fulltext": "566 History of the Universitv of Pennsylvania.\\nUnion Fire Company, origin, 24,\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania, ^iv Academy and College; see Charity School.\\nVidell s Alley School, 145.\\nWallace, John, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nWallace, Joshua, M., alumnus of Academy, 104; tutor in the College, 466.\\nWashington, George, residence in Philadelphia, 61, 70.\\nWatts, Stephen, prize essay, 368: tutor in Academy, 361, 469.\\nWebb, George, member of Junto, 18.\\nWhite, Thomas, biographical sketch, 105 election to Trustees of Academy,\\n210; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nWhite, Townsend, subscriber to Academy, 1 1 8.\\nWhite, William, biographical note, 452; on Jacob Duche, Jr., 295, 296;\\nrector of Christ Church, 94, 106; trustee of the College, 452.\\nWhitefield, George, arrival in Philadelphia, 25; confession of faith, 117,\\ndeath, 28 last visit to Philadelphia, 28: ordination, 25 preaching in\\nChrist Church, (1763), 455; preaching powers, 109, no; sermon at\\nAcademy, (1764), 432.\\nWilcocks John, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nWilliam and Mary College, adoption of curriculum of Philadelphia\\nCollege, 263; education, 262; graduates, 267, 268, origin, 261.\\nWilliam, Lawrence, vs. William Till, 104.\\nWilliamson, Hugh, biographical sketch, 309; degree, 286; instructor in\\nAcademy, 232, 269, 375, 471.\\nWilling, Charles, biographical sketch, 88; subscription to Academy, 118.\\nWilling, Thomas, election to Trustees of Academy, 89, 105, 374.\\nWilling, Thomas M., trustee of Academy, 89.\\nWilson, James, tutor in the College, 459.\\nWilson, Matthew, honorary degree, 348.\\nYale College, early curriculum, 256-258 first professorship, 255 first\\nuse of term professor, 254; graduates, 268 relation to Harvard\\nCollege, 258 religious troubles (1722), 129 removal to New Haven,\\n128, 258; use of terms rector, master, fellow, tutor,\\n136.\\nYeates, John, subscriber to Academy, 118.\\nZachary, Lloyd, biographical sketch, 70; subscription to Academy, 118.\\n3477", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0574.jp2"}, "575": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0575.jp2"}, "576": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0576.jp2"}, "577": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0577.jp2"}, "578": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0578.jp2"}, "579": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0579.jp2"}, "580": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3316", "width": "2062", "jp2-path": "historyofunivers00mont_0580.jp2"}}