{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2716", "width": "1752", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.\\nChap. Va^ Copyright No....\\nShelf ..__SS Z\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "JOEI. DORMAN STEELF.\\nFrom Crayon", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nTeacher and Author\\nBY\\nMRS. GEORGE ARCHIBALD\\nSo, when a good man dies,\\nFor years beyond his ken\\nThe light he leaves behind him lies\\nUpon the paths of men.\\nLongfellow\\nt\\nj-v\\\\.A~.\\n(_ oXwvJZA\\nNEW YORK\\nA. S. BARNES AND COMPANY\\n1900", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0011.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "192G5\\nl_ibr\u00c2\u00abry of Congrress\\nTwo Copies Recei^^ed\\nJUL 13 1900\\nCopyright \u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00abtry\\nSECOND COPY.\\nDelivered to\\nORDER CKVISiJN,\\n.\\\\-1\\nV^.\\nt\\nCopyright, 1900\\nBy a. S. Barnes and Company\\nUNIVERSITY PRESS JOHN WILSON\\nAND SON CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0012.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE\\nTO the systematic habits and affectionate fore-\\nthought of Joel Dorman Steele and Esther\\nBaker Steele, his wife, those who would know\\nsomething of his life and teachings are indebted\\nfor accuracy of dates and illustration of character-\\nistics made possible in this biography, edited\\nthirteen years after his death. It was Dr. Steele s\\ncustom to date and preserve in excellent order\\nfor reference all press notices of the public events\\nwith which he was connected to record every\\npersonal change of location, his frequent journey-\\nings, and the progress of his different literary\\nlabors and to file with care all important letters\\nbelonging to the consideration and business de-\\ntails of his plans. Meantime, Mrs. Steele, for\\nreasons of sentiment, kept everything in the\\nnature of correspondence which came to her\\nfrom her husband during their twenty-seven years\\nof married life.\\nAs soon as Dr. Steele by the originality of his\\nschool system and the fame of his text books be-\\ncame extensively known, he found himself, like\\niii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "Preface\\nall men of note, the subject of frequent newspaper\\nsketches, and he was often called upon by writers\\nwho requested facts and incidents pertaining to\\nhis history. Of personal publicity, however, he\\nwas wary, knowing that simple statements often\\nsuffered the common fate of facts perversion\\nfrom the original truth. It thus occurred that as\\ntime passed and it became evident that his hold\\non life was increasingly precarious, his wife, among\\nother things which she sadly pondered in her\\nheart, thought of the growing call for fuller\\nparticulars in reference to his life, and of the in-\\nsufficiency of anything ever written. And she\\nsometimes urged him to set down in order enough\\nof personal experience for a story that would be\\nsatisfactory to his friends.\\nOn the afternoon of May 14, 1886, his fif-\\ntieth and last birthday, Dr. and Mrs. Steele went\\nfor their usual daily drive over the beautiful hills\\nwhich overlook the Chemung Valley. Chatting\\nabout the anniversary, its home observance, the\\ntelegrams, and unexpected gifts from various\\nfriends outside the family, he remarked that he\\nhad been preparing a gift to his wife for that day,\\nbut had not been well enough to complete it.\\nShe laughingly responded that though it was not\\nusual to make presents on one s own birthday, she\\nwas curious to know what he had intended for her.\\nHe then announced that since his return from\\nFlorida, three weeks before, he had been making", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Preface\\na sketch for the autobiography she had so much\\ndesired, but that the need for haste had hampered\\nand the excessive recurrence of the personal pro-\\nnoun had repelled him, and he feared he should\\nhave neither time nor strength to finish it or shape\\nit as he wished. Mrs. Steele, having always a\\nhalf-conscious foreboding of the coming shadow,\\nand feeling the value of even the merest outline,\\nexpressed her delight at his intention, and begged\\nhim to complete the sketch, offering to transpose\\nit afterward into a proper literary form and thus\\nrelieve him from further responsibility. It was,\\ntherefore, so agreed upon between them. i\\nEleven days later, and before Mrs. Steele had\\nseen the still unfinished sketch, the sudden sum-\\nmons came. The shock of bereavement long\\nunfitted her for the sacred duty. Meanwhile a\\nhost of business cares and various book revisions\\novertaxed her time and strength. And always,\\nwhen in any pause of work or access of energy\\nshe turned toward the pathetic task, she found\\nherself by reason of her overwhelming sorrow\\npeculiarly unnerved and incapacitated.\\nFinally, after many attempts to settle to the\\nundertaking, and constant repetition of the dis-\\ncomfiture of grief, she put her mass of material\\ninto the hands of another with the expectation\\nof issuing the memorial book on the tenth anni-\\nversary of her husband s death. Three years\\nafterward, the volume being still unfinished, the", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "Preface\\nmaterial was recalled with a renewed resolve to\\nundertake a personal preparation. And still af-\\nfliction, as before, touched by the hand of retro-\\nspect, wakened to its first intensity and prevented\\nher.\\nThe year 1899 saw the conveying of Mrs.\\nSteele s magnificent gift to the city of Elmira,\\nN. Y., The Steele Memorial Library, erected by\\nher in remembrance of her husband. Determin-\\ning to make the book a part of this memorial\\noffering, she now intrusted it to one who, while\\nrealizing that such an achievement is worthy a\\nservice of highest equipment, has brought in its\\nstead only sincerity, appreciation, and affectionate\\nremembrance.\\nBy virtue of this, however, it is offered to those\\nfor whom it is designed with a good degree of\\nconfidence, for in it will be found an honest story,\\nbeing mostly a revelation of the man it concerns\\nin his own words, through letters and otherwise.\\nSuch an ingenuous disclosure of his everyday\\nhabit of mind in its various moods, times, and\\ncircumstances, cannot but be welcome to his many\\nfriends and to the students of his books in every\\nstate of the Union.\\nVI", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS\\nPage\\nPreface v\\nIntroduction Autobiographical xi\\nTwenty Years Work List of Books xxxiii\\nChapter\\nI. The Good Fortune of Birth i\\nII. The Growing Teacher 8\\nIII. The Marriage of True Minds 15\\nIV. War s Red Techstone 22\\nV. At Newark 31\\nVI. Elmira Free Academy 41\\nVII. School Government 50\\nVIII. The Teacher s Aim 68\\nIX. The Making of Books 86\\nX. The Histories 94\\nXI. The Critics 105\\nXII. The Traveller 118\\nXIII. The Home-Keeping Heart 133\\nXIV. As Others saw Him 142\\nXV. The Talent for Industry 151\\nXVI. Life s Immortal Beauty 164\\nXVII. From his Desk i79\\nXVI 1 1. History of Science Teaching 190", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "LIST OF ILLUSTRATION S\\nJoel Dorman Steele Frontispiece\\nFrom Crayon. _\\nFacing Page\\nJoel Dorman Steele 46 1/\\nFrom Marble Bust by Conkey.\\nWorking Library Corner, Mr. Steele s Home\\nAT Elmira 140\\nSteele Memorial Library, Elmira 166 1/\\nSteele Memorial Library, Reading Room 170 1/\\nSteele Memorial Library, Alcoves and\\nGallery 176", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION\\nAUTOBIOGRAPHICAL\\nTHE sketch which follows was jotted down at inter-\\nvals during the last month of Dr. Steele s life,\\nand is here given just as his pen left it on the day of his\\ndeath. It was found inclosed in a cover marked,\\nWritten to please my personal friends. To them it is\\nespecially presented\\nI was born at Lima, N. Y., on May 14, 1836. My\\nfather, Rev. Allen Steele, was then preaching in Rochester,\\nbut my mother was visiting my uncle, a physician in Lima.\\nBy a singular coincidence, I thus came into the world at\\nthe foot of the hill on which I afterward spent so many\\nhappy days in laying the basis of my education, and from\\nwhich I took my flight as a full-fledged A.B. Lima has\\ntherefore a double interest to me.\\nMy early life partook of the variety incident to one whose\\nfather was a Methodist itinerant. I have been told that in\\nthe first twelve years, or thereabout, of my life, we lived in\\nfourteen houses. At one time, in Lockport, owing to the\\nscarcity of dwellings available, we shared the county jail\\nwith the sheriff. Lockport is memorable to me as the place\\nwhere I wore my first pair of boots, and this is the first\\ncount in my life of which I have any recollection. It must\\nhave been about 1839 or 1840. The satisfaction I felt in\\nxi", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\ntramping down the aisle of tlic church in my new foot-gear\\nis yet a residuum in my brain-cells.\\nIn 1845, my father moved to Albany. Here my education\\nwas begun in earnest. I became a pupil of Charles Anthon,\\nin the Boys Classical Institute. In this school, famous in\\nthose days for its strictness and thoroughness, I laid the\\nfoundation of my Latin most carefully and accurately,\\nthough every stone was watered with my tears. Two years\\nlater we went to Troy, where in the Boys Academy I\\npursued my studies further, beginning also Greek and\\nFrench. My outside reading, chiefly of travels, became\\nquite extended, and for the first, I felt the real zest of a\\nstudent s love of work.\\nAt this time I experienced my first deep craving after a\\nspiritual life, and, boy as I was, I gave my heart to God.\\nIt was a solemn consecration that has never entirely lost its\\nforce or meaning in shaping my character. It was not a\\ncommon thing in those days to receive a child of twelve\\nyears into the church. I saw that my father hesitated\\nsomewhat to take this unusual step. He left action with\\nme, saying I must do what I judged best. I desired\\nto join on probation, and on Thursday evening, after the\\nprayer meeting, I presented myself at the altar. My father\\nexplained my views, traversed his own early experience,\\nasserted the fact and possibility of child conversion, ex-\\nplained his convictions upon this subject in a most power-\\nful and long remembered exhortation, and then extended to\\nme the fellowship of the church. I was cordially welcomed\\nby the people, yet I was the only child present at the meet-\\nings, and I felt that my admission had required an apology,\\nand was largely due to my father s character and promi-\\nnence. I saw also that mine was considered an anomalous\\ncase of grace that I was like one born out of due\\nseason; and that I was watched and coddled accordingly.\\nMy father, feeling that my constitution needed the strength\\nto be gained only by outdoor work, now purchased a farm\\nnear Batavia, Genesee County, N. Y. Here for a time I\\nspent my summers in steady labor, while the winters were\\nxii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\ndevoted to study. I acquired a good knowledge of farm\\nwork, gained some physical vigor, and a little mental\\ndevelopment. I was fond of gunning, and divided my\\nleisure quite impartially between reading and hunting. I\\nwas somewhat famed as a marksman, and I remember that\\na gunsmith exhibited in his window a mass of some bullets\\nthat I had welded together back of the bull s-eye in the\\nbody of a tree where the shots lodged.\\nIn November 1851, I experienced the first great sorrow of\\nmy life in the death of my mother. Yet its keenness was\\nmuch lessened by the fact that at the time I was so ill with\\ntyphoid fever that the knowledge of my loss was kept from\\nme until I surmised it from the saddened and pitying looks\\nof those around me. Still my benumbed feelings were so\\ntorn with anguisli that for days my life was in great danger.\\nIn fact, on November 9th, my father was called out of the\\npulpit, in the midst of his sermon, to come to my bedside\\nto see me die. But, through a gracious Providence, the\\npowerful remedies administered by a daring physician\\nproved successful and I was restored to health once more.\\nI taught my first school, a common country district school,\\nin the summer of 1853. My wages were twenty shillings\\nper week, and I boarded around in the good old fashion.\\nI taught according to my knowledge, and honestly tried to\\ndo my duty by my pupils and patrons. But I was only\\nseventeen years old, and never having come myself under\\nthe training of a great and true teacher, I had no conception\\nof the dignity of my calling, or the weight of its responsi-\\nbility. No tired pupil or bedraggled ditch-digger ever\\nwatched more eagerly for the clock to mark the close of his\\nday s labor than I did in the master s seat of that old red\\nschool-house.\\nWhen harvest time came, I gladly closed the door behind\\nme and went home to swing the cradle and bind the wheat\\nin my father s fields. The trustees of the school, resenting\\nmy absence, hired a new teacher, and I made no complaint.\\nIn fact, I was glad to be thus easily saved from the neces-\\nsity of returning to the detested spot and work,\\nxiii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\n(In a lecture entitled, Hints to Young Teachers, I have\\ngiven a rdsumd of my methods of work at this time. The\\nstatements there made are all real, save that I took a\\npoet s license and combined in the description an account\\nof my second school, taught three years later, and during\\nthe winter. I was then more successful, and more intelligent,\\nbut still equally ignorant of educational methods and the\\ntrue end of teaching.)\\nIn the spring of 1854, my father sold his farm, and I\\njoined him in New York where he was pastor of the Red-\\nding Methodist Episcopal Church. After a thorough ex-\\namination, I was appointed assistant book-keeper in the\\nBroadway Bank. I remained there only a short time.\\nThe work of transcribing and adding interminable columns\\nof figures held out to me little promise of ever reaching the\\nkind of life 1 had already begun to hope for, and I gladly\\nresigned my place to accept an offer of a clerkship in the\\nAdvocate office at the Methodist Book Concern, then\\nNo. 200 Mulberry Street. My labor brought me in contact\\nwith intelligent, progressive young men, and I found it very\\nagreeable. After a while, I was trusted to write brief\\nreviews of current books, receiving a copy of the book for\\nmy pay. Already, in my leisure hours, 1 had begun to\\nprepare articles for the press, and had experienced the\\nunspeakable pleasure a young author feels, when he first\\nsees his thoughts exhibited in fair type on clean white\\npaper.\\nOne evening in September 1854, Rev. Dr. Phillips, of the\\nbook firm of Carlton and Phillips, took my arm as I left the\\noffice, and walked up Broadway with me. I soon saw that\\nhe had an object in view. Suddenly he exclaimed, Dorman,\\nyou must go to college I hesitated and argued in\\nopposition, but he brushed away every objection, and in-\\nsisted that I should lay the project before my father im-\\nmediately. 1 finally yielded. On talking with my father\\nthat night, 1 found him of a similar view, and I resolved to\\nleave my pleasant work and dawning prospects in the city,\\nand to take up a student s life in earnest,\\nxiv", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nThe next week saw my name enrolled as that of a budding\\nfreshman at Genesee College. My four-years course of\\nstudy at Lima was uneventful, though pregnant with results.\\nI was ambitious and yet found myself brought into com-\\npetition with young men of greater natural ability and far\\nbetter preparation for work. I found, however, that I had\\none gift that of perseverance. I used often to say to my\\nrivals, You can learn more easily than can, but I can\\nstudy more hours than you can. It was a great solace to\\nme to recall how, in the fable, the tortoise won the race\\nwith the hare. Gradually my earnestness and enthusiasm\\ntold, and I discovered new and unsuspected elements of\\nmy mind coming to the front, and encouraging me by the\\npresence of fresh sources of strength. I did much literary\\nwork outside of class duty. I took an active part in the\\nsocieties, and soon became known as a leading spirit in the\\nLyceum a debating organization in the Genesee Wesleyan\\nSeminary, in which building I boarded. Its members\\nheaped upon me all the honors in their gift; my room\\nbecame the head-quarters for its committee meetings and I\\nbore my full share of the burdens of its management.\\nThis labor I now consider as among the most important\\nof my school life, for I there learned to be alert, to defend\\nmy views, and to hold my own among my fellows.\\nMy father being unable to pay all my college bills, after\\nthe second year I spent my vacations in farm work. During\\none summer vacation I earned fifty dollars in the harvest\\nfield. In my Junior year I taught a district school for\\nthree months. Finally, I was forced to borrow money from\\na relative, and to give my note to the boarding hall for my\\nlast year s board. It was a difficult struggle, and I was\\ndriven to economize, where abundance meant opportunity\\nand culture yet want had its advantages, also, for it meant\\nfreedom from many temptations, and the development of\\nenergies that otherwise might have remained dormant.\\nAfter graduation from College, I went to my father s farm\\nat West Barre, Orleans County, N. Y., and, doffing the\\nstudent, became the farmer. I had no vocation in life.\\nXV", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nNo special profession enticed me to its fold. I discovered\\nin myself no peculiar aptitude for any particular kind of\\nwork. I said to myself only this God brought me into\\nthis world and God has something for me to do. In His\\nown good time, He will open the gate into My field of labor\\nand, meantime, I will lift no latch. I can earn my bread\\non the farm, and wait\\nOne day there came to me from an entire stranger an\\ninvitation to teach in a school of which I had never before\\nheard, situated in a section of the state entirely unfamiliar\\nto me. It was from Principal J. R. French, LL.D., now of\\nSyracuse University, offering me a place in the Mexico\\nAcademy, Mexico, Oswego Co., N. Y. I accepted. It\\nwas my first call, and I believed it to be my summons to\\nmy life s work. Every doubt and scruple as to what I was\\nto do vanished in an instant. When I learned afterward\\nthat I was recommended to the place by Rev. Dr. Bragdon,\\nof Genesee College, a professor whom I scarcely knew, my\\nfaith in my mission was still further strengthened. Never\\ndid a young man go forth with a stronger determination to\\nbend every energy to win success. My salary was small.\\nYou fix my wages this year, I said to the trustees, but\\nI will fix it next year. To their look of inquiry, I added,\\nI intend to make myself so useful to you that you will pay\\nme any price to keep me.\\nSeveral of the studies I was required to teach were un-\\nfamiliar to me. Unwilling to let my pupils know this fact,\\nI did not commence my preparation until after they had\\nretired at night. Sometimes the five o clock morning bell\\nwould startle me at my desk with the necessity for taking a\\nlittle sleep before I began my day s work. I kept several\\nlessons in advance of my classes, and hence was ready to\\nanswer every question, and I do not think any one of the pupils\\nsuspected at what a little distance ahead of them their\\nteacher was really travelling.\\nThe amount of work I accomplished during the first year\\nwas enormous. Thus, I read the six books of the ^neid\\nthrough carefully seven times, using every collateral help of\\nxvi", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nnotes, grammars, classical dictionaries, etc. After a time I\\nadopted in Latin the custom of prelection. At the close of\\neach recitation, I read to the class the translation of tlie\\nnext day s lesson, couched in the best English I could use.\\nThe pupils were required to translate so fluently that a\\nlistener would suppose them to be reading an English book.\\nThis was always given as the test of good work. It was in\\norder for me to call for any passage previously passed over,\\nand the pupil was expected to be prepared every day on\\nanything he had read during the term. Literal translations\\nand application of rules to idioms were given separately.\\nI carried out this mode of work very carefully in my sub-\\nsequent teaching. The result was a remarkable form of\\nusing English, which, after all, I conceive to be the best\\neffect of studying Latin in school.\\nSoon after I began my teaching, the young men who\\noccupied the rooms on the upper floor of the Academy,\\ntried on the new teacher, as the current saying went. One\\nevening I was aiding some pupils in my room, when a\\nterrible crash resounded through the building and on going\\nto the hall I found on the floor the remains of a stove which\\nhad just been dashed down the stairs past my door. Know-\\ning, of course, that before I could ascend to the upper hall,\\nthe perpetrators of the act would be in their rooms and\\nprobably in bed, I returned to my table and completed the\\nlesson in hand. Soon afterward, I went upstairs, and found,\\nas I expected, the hall filled with students, busily com-\\nmenting on the disturbance. As they gathered about me, I\\nquietly and carefully gathered the reins of conversation\\ninto my hands. Finally, a circle was formed and I narrated\\nstories of student tricks and escapades. The boys joined in\\nwith anecdotes and observations, and we had a pleasant\\nchat. Meanwhile, I moved about and critically scanned\\nevery person present. Suddenly I remarked, But the\\nboys who threw the stove downstairs forgot to wash their\\nhands Unconsciously the guilty ones dropped their\\neyes to see if their blackened fingers had betrayed them.\\nIt was enough, and amid a jovial laugh on the part of the\\nb xvii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nyoung fellows, who now comprehended my scheme, I returned\\nto my room. At breakfast the next morning I told the\\nstory to the principal of the school, and before chapel the\\noffenders were called before him, compelled to confess, and\\nmade to sign an acknowledgment of penitence and promise\\nof amendment.\\nIn the summer of 1859, ^t the close of the first year.\\nPrincipal French, having decided to practise law thereafter,\\nresigned his place, and I was elected to succeed him. It\\nwas a better outcome of my labors than I had dared to\\nexpect, though it was with great hesitancy that I ventured\\nto follow in the tracks of so popular and successful a teacher.\\nFortunately, I had ere this discovered an efficient helpmeet,\\nand before I assumed my new responsibilities as principal, I\\nmarried Miss Esther Baker, the teacher of music in the\\nAcademy. Every year that has passed since then, has but\\nserved to prove the wisdom of that choice. Nearly thirty\\nyears have come and gone, and still our feet keep time to\\nthe music our early love then set vibrating. My wife at\\nonce came into full accord with all my plans, aided me with\\nher advice and sympathy, cheered me with her hopefulness,\\nand merged her life in mine. Somehow, in looking back\\nover the labors of the past, I hardly know where her work\\nbegan and mine ended, so perfectly have they blended.\\nI occupied the principalship of Mexico Academy until\\nthe autumn of 1861. The breaking out of the Civil War\\nhad then filled my mind with new thoughts, and inspired a\\nsense of a different duty. The patriotic fervor of the school\\nran high. The pupils raised a liberty pole, and unfurled the\\nflag of the Union amid loyal speeches and songs. Finally,\\na regiment of volunteers being raised in Oswego County, it\\nwas found that one company was lacking. So many assured\\nme that I was the only man who could give a fresh impetus\\nto enlistments, that at last I resigned my place and offered\\nmy services to my country. I raised the company, was\\nchosen captain and sent to the front. When the Eighty-first\\nNew York State volunteers marched up Pennsylvania\\nAvenue at Washington, I led Company K. It numbered\\nxviii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\none hundred and one as true-hearted and devoted men as\\nduring all that long and bloody war were hurried to the\\ndefence of the flag and the principles it symbolizes.\\nMy experience in camp and field is described in a series\\nof letters I wrote at the time for my home paper. I had no\\nlove for a military life, and I found the duties of a soldier\\nquite incompatible with those of a student. Yet I had no\\ntliought but of remaining till the last traitor was subdued,\\nwhen an unlooked-for fatality befell me.\\nOn the field of Seven Pines I was badly wounded. Being,\\nhowever, the only commissioned officer present with the\\ncompany, I remained in command for a week thereafter\\na week of constant exposure and danger. We had lost all\\nour camp equipage, our coats, blankets, cooking utensils,\\netc., and were stationed in the midst of swamps. It rained\\nalmost constantly, and we had no protection whatever. At\\nnight we cut down brush with our knives, placed it evenly\\nin heaps, and thus made rude beds. Several men would\\nlie together for the sake of warmth, but their weight would\\nsink the pile, and we would frequently waken to find our-\\nselves in a puddle of water.\\nBeing seized with rheumatism caused by such exposure,\\nI was finally taken to the hospital at City Point. Thence I\\nwas sent on north, from place to place, until at Philadelphia\\nI was furloughed to go home, as the hospitals en route\\nwere all full to overflowing. A kind chaplain, Rev. J. B.\\nVan Petten of Fairfield, N. Y., conducted me as far as\\nNew York City. How I ever got from there to Penn Yan,\\nI cannot remember or imagine. Weakened by disease and\\nhalf crazed with pain, my clothing soiled by dirt and torn by\\nbullets, I must have presented a strange appearance. I\\ndimly recall how people stared at me as I passed along, and\\noffered any assistance possible. I must have wandered in\\nmy delirium from the direct route. Long afterward, a friend\\ntold me that he met me on the Erie cars at Corning, yet I\\ncame into Penn Yan from Elmira and so, after meeting my\\nfriend, I must have gone east again to Elmira, and thence by\\nthe Northern Central Railway to Penn Yan. The entire\\nxix", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\njourney has been to me a sealed book, save as memory has\\nopened here and there a single unconnected leaf.\\nIn Penn Yan my wife was staying at the residence of my\\nuncle Hon. Wm. S. Briggs. There at last I found\\nthe care and surgical skill I so much needed. They came,\\nhowever, almost too late. Southern fever superseded, and\\nmy life was long in danger. Just as I was recovering, an\\norder from Washington was issued directing all furloughed\\nconvalescent officers to repair to a convalescent camp at\\nBaltimore under pain of being held as deserters. There\\nwas, in the opinion of my friends, no alternative for me in\\nmy feeble condition, except to resign. I reluctantly com-\\nplied with the necessity and was duly and honorably mus-\\ntered out of the service. Thus abruptly ended this stirring\\nepisode in my life.\\nIn the autumn of 1862 I accepted the principalship of the\\nNewark Union Free School, and resumed my pedagogic work.\\nI took a deep interest in the prosecution of the war, and\\nmade frequent speeches, wrote many articles, and, in gen-\\neral, aided in guiding public sentiment, in upholding the\\nform of the goverment, and in the enlistment of troops. I\\nhad several very flattering offers to re-enter the army, but\\nmy experience had taught me that my physical endurance\\nwas not sufficient to bear the strain of campaign life. It\\nwas a year after my resignation before I fully recovered my\\nstrength. For months of this time, owing to indigestion, I\\nwas forced to live exclusively on mutton broth and rice.\\nWhen at last I regained my vigor, my sense of duty pointed\\nto other fields of labor.\\nAt Newark I spent four pleasant and profitable years.\\nI had now settled down unreservedly to the work of a\\nschoolmaster, and I was bent on making the most of it, and\\nof myself in it. Educational methods gradually unfolded\\nthemselves in my experience. I gained some power of\\ninstruction. I slowly learned how to govern, and to read\\nand lead minds. I became more and more impressed that I\\nwas called to the work of a teacher, and that I must and\\nwould be successful.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nIn the winter of 1863-64, an unlooked-for outcome of my\\nwork presented itself. At the close of chapel exercises, one\\nmorning, I noticed that many of the pupils were in tears. A\\nstrong influence pervaded the room. A singular impression\\nwas made on my own mind, and I seemed driven forward by\\nunseen and unknown influences. I restrained myself, how-\\never, and merely announced that after school at night, I\\nshould be happy to meet in the library such pupils as desired\\nto converse with me. At the hour named I entered the room\\nand found it, to my surprise, crowded with the oldest and\\nbest students and all the teachers of the institution. I made\\na few quiet, earnest remarks upon this singular episode of\\nour school life, and then prayed for Divine guidance to point\\nout what we should do next. It was a new experience for\\nme and I determined to unfurl my sail, and drift with the\\nwind and tide celestial forces all, as I believed.\\nSeveral of the teachers and pupils spoke and prayed, each\\none feeling the solemn nature of the occasion, and expressing\\nan anxiety to do his or her duty in this unexpected emergency.\\nThe next Sunday evening, at the request of many young\\npeople, I called a meeting in the Methodist Church. The\\nspacious chapel was crowded and when an opportunity was\\ngiven nearly every one present rose for prayers. There was\\nno visible excitement, no obtrusive emotion. Only the young\\npeople took part. No minister attended, or aided, or sug-\\ngested, in the work. Yet there was a deep undercurrent of\\nfeeling that swept through the entire community. Meeting\\nafter meeting followed. There were no awakening sermons\\nor speeches, and at our gatherings we had only plain talks,\\nearnest prayers, and devotional songs. Yet, at one time,\\nevery member of the Academic department expressed a hope\\nof saving grace. Union meetings of the churches followed in\\nthe wake of this wonderful revival, and were continued until\\nspring. The young people, however, kept up their own relig-\\nious assembly as long as I remained in Newark, and I do not\\nbelieve any of us ever forgot the deep sense we experienced\\nof the Divine presence and blessing. The memory of our last\\nmeeting will be to me a benediction as long as I live.\\nXX i", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nEver since I began to write compositions in school, I had\\ncherished a desire to form a correct literary style. While in\\ncollege I took Emerson as a model for terseness and vigor,\\nand Whipple for eloquence and brilliancy. I studied these\\nauthors carefully and committed many of their best passages.\\nI tried to express their ideas in my own language, and then\\ndiligently compared my sentences with theirs. Vacations,\\nSaturdays, and odd hours generally were devoted to this\\nfascinating employment. I spared no opportunity to exercise\\nthe gift which I hoped I possessed. For over twenty years,\\nfrom 1852 to 1874, I never declined a chance to write a\\ncomposition, essay, oration, newspaper article, or lecture\\nthat presented itself. Not that I was anxious to appear in\\npublic, but I felt that writing alone would give me form of\\nexpression, as study gave me fertility of thought. During\\nthat entire time, I never charged a cent of remuneration,\\nand, I think, nothing was ever offered me, except in a few\\ncases for my travelling expenses. All I sought I gained, a\\nchance to develop a literary style.\\nFrom the first I had done my best teaching in the Sciences,\\nespecially in Physics, Chemistry, and Geology, the branches\\nI was required to take charge of in schools. Not satisfied\\nwith a mere routine of recitations, I at once turned to ex-\\nperimentation and sought to bring my pupils face to face\\nwith Nature. We had neither apparatus nor money, and we\\nwere forced to resort to every method of securing means to\\nprosecute our illustrations and investigations, and to test\\nour ideas scientifically. We made many pieces ourselves;\\none, I remember, was a galvanic battery of eighty pairs of\\ncups. We manufactured such of our chemicals as we could.\\nI gave a series of scientific lectures, and devoted the pro-\\nceeds to the purchase of instruments. Finally it came about\\nthat every alternate Wednesday evening of the winter was as-\\nsigned by common village consent to our exclusive use at the\\nAcademy, and thither flocked the young people and occa-\\nsionally, also, ye elder folk to hear some scientific subject\\nexplained and to see what new piece of apparatus we had\\nmade or purchased. The enthusiasm aroused in the classes\\nxxii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nwas unbounded. The money raised was duplicated by the\\nRegents of the University, and when I left the school, its\\napparatus was estimated to be worth about two thousand\\ndollars.\\nOne afternoon in March 1866, I was lying on a lounge in\\nmy Hbrary, being just convalescent after a severe illness.\\nSuddenly there came a knock at the door, and happening to\\nbe alone in the house at the moment, I could only call out\\nto the visitors to enter sans ce re moftie. To my surprise I\\nfound it a committee from the Board of Education of\\nElmira, N. Y., sent out to find a principal for their Academy.\\nThe delegation, consisting of Superintendent Orrin Robin-\\nson and Attorney Newton P. Fassett, had visited several\\nschools, and in my absence and without my knowledge,\\nhad just inspected my own. After a brief conversation they\\noffered me the position in their Academy, and I promised\\nto take the subject into consideration. No step in my Hfe\\never received greater deliberation. The prospect of wider\\nusefulness, the benefit to my health of a change of climate,\\nand perhaps, also, the offer of a higher salary, finally decided\\nme, and as the Newark Board of Trustees kindly agreed to\\nrelease me, I accepted the new position for the spring term.\\nAt Elmira, I found the Academy demoralized beyond all\\nmy anticipations. During a preliminary visit I had watched\\nthe principal calling the school to order, after recess, by\\nwalking through the study hall and tinkhng a little bell in the\\nmidst of each group of disorderly pupils, the entire process\\noccupying five or ten minutes while during chapel prayer,\\nI saw a young woman playing hide-and-seek behind the\\npillars. But my first week in the school revealed such a\\nlack of honor, order, and respect as almost to dishearten me.\\nI had come from an institution where all were in sympathy\\nwith my ideas and plans where my lightest wish was law\\nwhere all were eager to learn, and the only strife was who\\nshould outstrip the rest. Here the contest was reversed, and\\nthe prize of public approval fell to the one who could most\\nsuccessfully avoid duty, break the rules, and escape\\npunishment.\\nxxiii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nFull of courage, however, and conscious of being in the\\nright, I began the work of reform, and soon had the satisfaction\\nof feeling that I had won the confidence and quiet support\\nof the best students. Among the young men I was especi-\\nally successful and by showing them the value of their\\ntime, the necessity of an education, and the folly of throwing\\naway their chances for life as they were doing, I got most of\\nthem fairly at work. Among the young women, however, it\\nwas different. The law-keepers were quiet and silent,\\nthough probably in the majority but the law-breakers were\\nnoisy and aggressive, and constantly sought an opportunity\\nto interrupt the growing peace and studiousness of the\\nschool. They were restive under the new order of things,\\nand planted themselves squarely in the way of every improve-\\nment, seeking every chance to make a noise that I could not\\nofficially notice, to utter a witty remark, or to raise a laugh.\\nDetermined not to study themselves, they did not intend\\nthat others should study.\\nAt last I resolved on a desperate remedy. It was an extra-\\nordinary case, and only extraordinary measures would avail.\\nHaving advised with members of the Board of Education\\nand secured their approval and promise of support I decided,\\nif necessary, to inflict corporal punishment. Accordingly,\\nthe next morning I bought a heavy raw-hide. I told the shop-\\nkeeper my object in the purchase, and carried the whip in\\nmy hand through the streets, and across the playground to\\nthe Academy. En j OJite I announced to those who in-\\nquired the reason of my carrying so unusual an implement\\nfor a teacher, that I proposed to be master of my school. I\\narranged all these preliminaries thus publicly in order to\\nshow my deliberate determination, and that, in whatever\\nmight happen, no one could afterward accuse me of having\\nbeen actuated by passion.\\nBy the time I reached the platform, every pupil was in his\\nseat, and as I laid the whip on the table before me, there was\\na death-like silence. There was no need of tinkling a bell\\nabout the room to obtain order on that occasion. My own\\nvoice trembled with suppressed emotion, and I was obliged\\nxxiv", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nto support myself against a chair as I began to talk. I nar-\\nrated the history of the preceding year and contrasted the\\ncondition of the school with what it ought to be pictured\\nthe loss of time and opportunity, now gone irreparably;\\nspecified the rude and unscholarly habits that must hence-\\nforth be discarded showed how the year had left them\\nworse than it found them, and that they now stood laden\\nwith an incubus of folly and idleness unfitting them for\\nfurther advance pointed out the fact that, to many of them,\\nthe present was the last year they would have in school and\\nthat they were squandering their only chance of an edu-\\ncation impressed on their minds the advantages an edu-\\ncated person had in society and life over an ignorant one\\nand indicated just what might be done in one year of hard\\nwork, how evil habits might be broken, and good ones\\nformed, should a start be made at once in the right\\ndirection.\\nI then said I had been placed in control of the school to\\nhelp those who desired to learn, and that it was my duty to\\ngive them a fair chance and to protect them from the idle\\nones who hindered their progress that the large majority\\nof the pupils, especially of the young men, were anxious to\\nreform the school and to make up as far as possible for lost\\ntime that the Board had promised me its assistance in any\\nmeasure I saw fit to adopt, and that I was sure the best\\npupils would stand by me in any emergency that I was\\nwilling to assume any risk, and to suffer any consequences,\\nhowever unpleasant that there were a few, chiefly among\\ntlie young women, who had made light of every earnest word\\nI had spoken, and were determined to defeat the reorgani-\\nzation and upholding of the school that I had at last been\\ndriven to the only means left, and had deliberately resolved\\nto resort to corporal punishment that it was a cruelty, but so\\nwas the spirit of insubordination that existed among them,\\nand the responsibility must rest upon the heads of those who\\nhad compelled me to this course.\\nI said I had no word of appeal to make to the law-breakers,\\nfor I had already exhausted my words of entreaty and expos-\\nXXV", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\ntulation, and they had abundantly shown that their hearts\\nwere bent on evil, and that continually; but I did appeal to\\nthe lovers of law and order, to those who desired to work, to\\nthose who had come to school for a purpose, to those who\\nwere resolved to break with the past, and lead a new life;\\nthose I begged to stand by my side in this supreme effort.\\nWith this imploration, I knelt down and prayed prayed\\nas I never prayed before in all my life that God would give\\nme strength and grace to conquer that school and that His\\nspirit might work mightily in the hearts of the pupils, filling\\nthem with a sense of justice, obligation and right, and in-\\nspiring them with such a desire for order and love of duty as\\nwould shape and color all their future life.\\nWhen I arose, I took up the raw-hide, and said, I propose\\nto flog the first pupil, girl or boy, who speaks aloud or leaves\\nhis or her seat I then sat down and waited. No one\\nstirred. The silence was oppressive. The tension was so\\ngreat that few could command their minds sufficiently to\\nstudy, though all kept their books before them, and looked\\nat them with a show of work. Nearly a half-hour passed,\\nand no movement of disorder had been made. I saw that\\nthe crisis was over, and said, We will now take a recess,\\nand I wish you would come to the desk and tell me how\\nyou feel about this whole matter. At the word, the school\\nsprang up en ?nasse, the most of the pupils crowding around\\nme, and pledging me their allegiance. It was a scene to\\nmelt the stoutest heart. We were all in tears and smiles.\\nWe shook hands right and left, and as we looked into each\\nother s faces we took courage.\\nWhile we were yet congratulating one another and re-\\njoicing over the prospect before us, I felt the danger of\\na reaction after this high tension, and closed the school.\\nI urged the pupils as they passed out to go directly home,\\nnot stopping on the way to talk over with any one or tell any-\\nbody else what had happened, but to seek their parents,\\ndescribe the whole scene, and beg their advice and then if\\nthey cou/d Y Y3.y, ask God s assistance and guidance in carry-\\ning out the pledges and resolves of that eventful morning,\\nxxvi", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nThe afternoon came, and as the regular hour approached,\\nthe pupils assembled. They came in silently, and almost\\nimmediately took their places. All was expectation. I saw\\nthe peril of words at such a time. To the surprise of all, I\\nmounted the rostrum, quietly announced the regular order,\\nand with a sharp clang of the bell, called for the first recita-\\ntions. This action threw every one back upon the fulfilment\\nof his promises, and left the events of the forenoon standing\\nout in bold relief.\\nI never alluded to that morning s scene until the close of\\nthe term. On the last evening, in the midst of a merry social\\nchat, I went to my desk, drew out from beneath the accum-\\nulated papers that never forgotten raw-hide, and formally\\npresented it to the Senior Class. I had no use for it. With\\nthe surroundings of that night, it looked like a fossil of the\\nPaleozoic Age; so we laid it up on a Museum shelf, un-\\nmarked, and it finally disappeared, no one ever told how, or\\nwhere.\\nThe Academy, during the six years I remained at its head,\\ngave me the opportunity of my life. I had never before been\\nentirely unhampered. Now everything bore the odor of\\nfailure, and I was at liberty to make any change I pleased.\\nIndeed, a change was desirable rather than otherwise.\\nDuring my school experience, I had become convinced that\\nthe germinal idea of discipline was self-control; and that the\\ntrue aim of the schoolmaster was not to teach the pupil how\\nto be governed by another, but how to govern himself. I\\ndetermined to adopt this method and mould the school in\\nharmony with it. I at once sent away the monitor-teacher\\nwho had hitherto kept order in the study hall, abolished\\nall rules and regulations especially those that forbade\\nwhispering and leaving seats, and threw the school entirely\\nupon its honor. I devoted my efforts, not to the execution\\nof certain arbitrary rules, and to the detection and punish-\\nment of every petty offence, but to the development and\\nenlightenment of the conscience of my pupils, and I spared\\nneither time nor strength to elevate and tone the public sen-\\ntiment of the school.\\nxxvii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nThe effect was marvellous. Within a year or two the new\\nsystem was in full working order. No teacher sat in the\\nstudy hall, but the pupils controlled it themselves. They\\nrang the bells, opened school, and called recesses and classes\\nfor recitations. They asked no permission to whisper or\\nto leave their seats, but, each being a law unto himself, the\\ndecision was made before the bar of his own conscience,\\nas to what was right or wrong in every case. I argued that\\nhe was necessarily a better judge of his own wants than\\nthe teacher could be.\\nClasses came and went. Visitors would pass through the\\nrooms and not an eye be lifted to notice them. If the teacher\\ndid not appear when a class assembled, it would immediately\\ncall some one to the chair to preside and begin work. When\\ndone, if the teacher had not yet come, the class would quietly\\nreturn to the study hall. If a pupil saw a pencil mark on\\nthe wall, he would erase it a piece of paper on the floor, he\\nwould pick it up anything wrong, he would stop and right\\nit. Let a band of music go by, or an alarm of fire be heard,\\nand a pupil could not rush to the window, or leave his desk,\\nwithout a hiss from the school and a general call to order.\\nMany a time have I gone into a lower room, when a band\\nwas marching by, and found some wild, music-loving boy\\nwith his fingers stuck into both his ears, his head bent down\\nover his book, and his brows knitted, in his earnest deter-\\nmination to achieve the joy of a self- victory.\\nThe effect of this scheme of government was seen in\\nthe harmonious relations established between teachers and\\npupils. The latter looked after much of the minutiae of the\\nschool, and afterward showed an interest in its welfare that\\nwas touching, indeed, to the true teacher. Thus, for example,\\none afternoon, after dismissal, while conversing with some\\n1 This account of the results reached are taken from a paper\\nthat I read before the Convocation of the University of the State\\nof New York, August 4, 1869. The general ideas I enter-\\ntained on the subject of discipline are contained in my Lectures\\non School Government and The Aim of the Teacher, which\\nI gave repeatedly, by request, before educational conventions,\\nxxviii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\npatrons in my private room, I heard a loud noise upstairs a\\nmoment later a young man called at my door, and as I looked\\nat him inquiringly, since I saw that he came from the scene\\nof disturbance, he begged me not to be alarmed, as it was all\\nright. The confusion in the hall above increased, but I\\nremained in my room, having full confidence in the correct-\\nness of the pupil s statement. In a little time the noise sub-\\nsided, and soon after a committee waited upon me with the\\nfollowing statement Mr. who lately entered our\\nclass, has been very impertinent to Miss We told him\\nrepeatedly that we would not have our teacher insulted. We\\ngave him fair warning, but he laughed at us. This afternoon\\nhis conduct was especially aggravating, and so, after recita-\\ntion, we met him in the hall, and one of us gave him a smart\\nflogging. He begged, and promised to behave himself. We\\nthink the matter is all arranged now. We did not want to\\nbother you, and thought we would better settle it ourselves.\\nWhat could a teacher do in response to such an action of\\nloyalty, but to stand with brimming eyes and beating heart,\\nand rejoice\\nMy favorite classes still continued to be those in Science,\\nand I now gave up my whole time to them. It was my cus-\\ntom, after each recitation, to take careful notes of any defini-\\ntion, explanation, or illustration that seemed specially effec-\\ntive. Thus I preserved every thought and method struck\\nout in the white-heat of the recitation room. Every day\\nadded to my store of good things. The text-books then in\\nuse contained from five to six hundred pages of fine type,\\nand were often dull and uninteresting. The larger part\\nof our pupils could devote only a single term of fourteen\\nweeks to each branch of science. It was impossible for them\\nto pass through the entire book in this limited time, and there-\\nfore the teacher was accustomed to omit various chapters\\nand sections as needed, and, when assigning each lesson, to\\nindicate to the class what portions were to be prepared for\\nrecitation. The pupils used to mark these with a pencil, and\\nthus go through the book, hopping from sentence to sentence,\\nand paragraph to paragraph, in a style most destructive to\\nxxix", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nthorough scholarship. Oftentimes the teacher having no\\njudgment as to what ought, and what ought not, to be pur-\\nsued in the limited period allowed, would drop behind, and\\nat the close of the term, rusli through the last part of the\\nbook at the rate of twenty-five pages per day. The dulness\\nof the text, and this haphazard way of pursuing it, combined\\nto render Science teaching, generally, exceedingly unpopu-\\nlar. There were, of course, marked exceptions to this mode\\nof teaching, but they served only to render the usual prairie\\nmonotony more noticeable.\\nTo meet the need of my classes, I gradually selected from\\nthe mass of each branch, those topics that the average pupil\\nought to pass through somewhat intelligently in a single\\nterm and that, when opportunity offered, he could develop,\\nillustrate and apply, during a longer time. Under each of\\nthese topics, I collected experiments of a practical character\\nand wrote rhetorical passages that might serve to rouse the\\nattention and inspire the enthusiasm of my pupils. I be-\\nlieved a fact to be no less a fact when warmed by the ima-\\ngination, and hence did not hesitate to avail myself of that\\nfaculty, so powerful in youth. My success encouraged me,\\nand gave me confidence in my plan. More and more, my\\ninstruction surged away from the regular text-books, and\\ntook on an oral character.\\nAt last, for my own convenience and that of my pupils, and\\nalso to gratify those of my scholars who had become teachers,\\nI began to prepare my Chemistry notes for the press. In\\nfact, I had already arranged to have them printed at a local\\npress in Elmira, when an unlooked-for event changed my\\npurposes.\\nDr. Woolworth, Secretary of the Regents of the Univer-\\nsity, invited me to meet at Albany with several teachers from\\nvarious parts of the state, to consider the condition and needs\\nof education. At this gathering, the question of text-books\\nin science was discussed. A general opinion was expressed\\nthat there was a demand for brief, comprehensive, practical\\nworks. It was suggested that the Regents be invited to pre-\\npare such texts, but Dr. Woolworth promptly declined this\\nXXX", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nresponsibility, as being outside the province of the Board.\\nI need not say how intently I listened to this discussion, in\\nwhich, however, I took no part.\\nAt that time one usually saw on the title-page of school-\\nbooks, the legend, For the use of Academies and Colleges.\\nI came home resolved to write a Chemistry for Academies\\nand High Schools alone. On laying the subject before my\\nwife, she approved the plan, and moreover offered me\\nher aid in revising and copying manuscript, in reading\\nproofs, etc. While engaged in this new work, I received a\\ncall from Mr. Knapp, an agent of Messrs. A. S. Barnes\\nCo., N. Y. As he was an old acquaintance, I told him what I\\nwas doing, and he reported the fact to the firm. Not long\\nafter, a correspondence was opened; then Mr. C. J. Barnes,\\na member of the house, called at my room, heard me read\\nthe chapter on Oxygen, and took my manuscript to New\\nYork finally, a contract was signed for its publication.\\nThe book appeared in the autumn of 1867. I shall never\\nforget with what feelings I watched for the announcement\\nof the first copy. When news came that a package had been\\nsent me, I hurried to the express office, and, Sunday as it\\nwas, tugged the twenty-nine copies over to my boarding-\\nplace. What a Lilliput it seemed only two hundred and\\ntwenty-five i4mo pages of coarse, well-leaded type and\\nwhat a contrast to the standard Brobdingnags of the day\\nBut it sold I could scarcely believe the news that came.\\nI had never dared hope that anybody outside the circle of\\nmy personal friends would care to buy my book. Yet so it\\nwas. An edition of two thousand copies had gone at once,\\nand a second edition was to be printed immediately. My\\npublishers proposed that 1 should prepare other similar\\nworks in Science. Of course, I was only too happy to comply.\\nThe years to come were busy ones. The accompanying\\nlist of the dates of my copyrights shows how steadily I\\nworked for the ensuing double-decade. It was easy for me to\\nprepare the texts in sciences, as I had passed over the ground\\nso often, had classified my material, and had much manu-\\nscript ready. But in 1 87 1 I entered a new field. Hearing that\\nxxxi", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nmy publishers were getting out a new History of the United\\nStates, I had suggested to them some ideas derived from my\\nexperience in superintending history classes, which I hoped\\nthey would embody in the forthcoming book. Shortly after-\\nward a disagreement arose between them and the author\\nof the said history, which resulted in the withdrawal of\\nhis manuscript. To my amazement, Messrs. Barnes then\\nproposed that I should write the book myself. At first I\\ndeclined, but at the urgent request of Mr. A. C. Barnes, the\\njunior member of the firm, with whom I had then formed a\\nclose and warm friendship, I finally consented. As I had\\nno wish to have my name appear on so many title-pages,\\nand as my sciences were my pets, I stipulated that my name\\nshould not be announced in connection with the work. A\\nlong correspondence ensued between Mr. A. C. Barnes and\\nmyself, several pseudonyms being suggested until finally we\\nagreed to name the book Barnes Brief United States.\\nMy wife had always made history a specialty in her studies,\\nso I arranged for her to take a more prominent part in the\\npreparation of this book than she had in that of the preceding\\nones. She revised and copied manuscripts, and read proofs\\nas before, but, in addition, she now gathered material and\\nwrote some of the most important and interesting notes.\\nThe success of the Brief United States was almost imme-\\ndiate, and when it was concluded to complete this series, my\\nwife gradually assumed more work, until in the Popular\\nHistory of the United States, the History of France, and\\nthe General History, she prepared a definite portion of\\nthe manuscript. Every reader of the Barnes Series of Brief\\nHistories recognizes her chapters on manners and customs\\nas generic.\\nIn getting up these various books we spared neither labor\\nnor expense. We visited Europe four times to gather ma-\\nterial, attend lectures, and study the newest methods,\\nspending in all fourteen months in the shadow of the British\\nMuseum. I associated with myself also the best help I\\ncould find. Prof. J. W. P. Jenks, A. M. of Brown Univer-\\nsity, who had made Zoology a lifelong study and who had\\nxxxii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nachieved a phenomenal success in teaching the subject in\\nacademies, was prevailed upon to become jointly interested\\nwith me in preparing this text. In Botany I secured the\\ninvaluable services of Prof. Alphonso Wood, A. M., the\\nveteran author. In Chemistry I was aided greatly by\\nEdward J. Hallock, of Columbia College, whose lengthy\\nstudies in German laboratories had furnished him with a\\nfund of experience. My Physics manuscript was care-\\nfully read by Prof. Thomas H. Core, A. M., of Owens Col-\\nlege, Manchester, England, while many of my teacher\\nfriends, such as Prof. Harper of Maine, Dr. Armstrong of\\nNew York, and Supt. Jones of Pennsylvania, rendered me\\nexcellent assistance. In my Astronomy I was helped by\\nDr. Lewis Swift, of the Warner Observatory, who read the\\nentire proof, by Dr. J. R. French of Syracuse, who revised\\nthe mathematical part, and by many teachers who freely\\ngave me the fruits of their experience. In revising my\\nPhysiology I was indebted to Prof. Stowell, of the Cortland\\nNormal School, whose aid and profound knowledge has\\nrendered him an authority in many lines of this study. Thus\\non every hand I garnered in the aid of my fellow-laborers,\\nwho sympathized with my plan, and were glad to help me in\\nits execution.\\nTWENTY YEARS WORK.\\n1866-1886.\\nMy Chemistry manuscript was begun in 1866 to be prepared for\\nthe press.\\nCopyrighted.\\n1867.\\nChemistry.\\n1869.\\nPhysics.\\nAstronomy.\\n1870.\\nKey to Sciences.\\nGeology.\\n1871.\\nUnited States History.\\n1872.\\nFourteen Weeks in Physiology.\\nZoology.\\nc\\nxxxiii", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\n1873. Chemistry First Revision.\\n1875. History of France.\\nPopular History of United States.\\n1877. Geology First Revision.\\n187S. Popular History of United States. New Administra-\\ntion added.\\nPhysics First Revision.\\n1879. Botany.\\nExcelsior Studies in United States History.\\nUnited States History First Revision.\\n18S0. United States History New Administration added.\\n188 1. History of Ancient Peoples.\\n1883. History of Mediaeval and Modern Peoples.\\nGeneral History.\\n]History of Greece (with select readings).\\n1884. Hygienic Physiology.\\nAbridged Physiology.\\nAstronomy First Revision.\\n1885. History of Rome (with select readings).\\nUnited States History Second Revision.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "y^\\nJOEL DORMAN STEELE\\nCHAPTER I\\nTHE GOOD FORTUNE OF BIRTH\\nNO man of sane possibilities need be wholly the vic-\\ntim of heredity, nor does the best descent insure\\nexalted character. But it is one of the recompenses of\\nintelligent, righteous, and devoted parenthood that its\\nchildren generally carry into the working world, aspira-\\ntions, tendencies, and purposes which perpetuate and\\nincrease the usefulness of their ancestry. The potency\\nof lineage and environment was strikingly exemplified in\\nthe life of Joel Dorman Steele.\\nHe was one of a distinguished family, the earliest\\nAmerican progenitors of which were John and George\\nSteele, brothers, who emigrated to America within ten\\nyears after the departure of the Mayflower. They be-\\nlonged to an important English family and gave to their\\nposterity an honored coat of arms. John Steele, the\\nancestor of Joel Dorman Steele, led in 1635 a pioneer\\nband from Massachusetts to Connecticut, where his party\\nlaid the foundations of the future Hartford. From him,\\na long line of notable descendants manifest a fine family\\nexcellence, many winning distinction as school men,\\nsoldiers, and clergymen. There was a Samuel who\\nwas deputy to the General Assembly in 1668-69", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\n1672-77; a Samuel who married Mercy, granddaughter\\nof Governor William Bradford of Plymouth Colony\\nthere was a Lavinia who married Hon. Augustus Porter\\nof the famous Niagara Falls family and whose brother\\nwas Secretary of War under John Quincy Adams there\\nwas a Salmon who watched with the dead body of Gen-\\neral Warren, and who was one of a number of Revolu-\\ntionary patriots. In the Steele genealogy the name of\\nAllen or Allyn is found as early as in 1757 and is re-\\npeated eight times, the last to bear it in the line with\\nwhich this memoir has to do being the father of Dr.\\nSteele.\\nThis Allen was born May 24, 1808, in Salisbury, New\\nYork, and was early left motherless, with the prospect\\nof an uncertain fortune. But his mother on her death-\\nbed, with tender and solemn admonition, had pressed upon\\nher beloved son the claims of godliness. Her dying\\nwords were never forgotten, and at thirteen the lad joined\\nthe Methodist Church, feeling, even though so young,\\nthat he might some time be called to preach. At twenty-\\none he received his first appointment at twenty-five he\\nentered upon the peace of home life, she who joined\\nher destiny to his having passed but little beyond her\\nchildhood s years. Sabra Dorman, born September 13,\\n18 1 6, was the daughter of Dr. Joel Dorman, gradu-\\nate from a New Haven Medical College, and of Olivia\\nLawrence, his wife, who belonged to one of the oldest\\nand most respected families in Yates Co., New York.\\nTo Allen and Sabra Steele, in the hope of their youth,\\nwas born, on the 14th day of May, 1836, a son. The\\nyear that gave the babe to the arms of the mother,\\ntook from her, suddenly, her cherished father, but his\\nhonorable name, bestowed upon the little one, was des-\\n2", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "The Good Fortune of Birth\\ntined to become famous throughout and beyond the\\nnation. Of it he wrote nearly fifty years later, in a letter\\nto his wife, inclosed in his last will My name I have\\ntried by a life of earnest toil to make honorable, and I\\nleave it unspotted, so far as I know, by any unworthy\\nact of mine.\\nThe love and blessings of a dying mother went before\\nthe conscious intellectual intents and decisions of the\\nboy Dorman, as they had gone before those of his\\nfather, for he too was destined to lose the earthly proofs\\nof maternal care while yet leaning upon them, and, by\\nthe laying on of the hands of bereavement, was early\\nappointed to the discipline of pain.\\nThus, at the age of fifteen, he stood with the dawnings\\nof future fervors in his boyish face, touched with the\\ngrief of his recent loss. He was wan from the wasting\\nof a fever like that which had deprived him of his\\nmother and which had brought him within sound of the\\nwhispering shores of death. Behind him lay an ancestry\\nwhich by its aspirations, its mental and moral vigor, its\\nconscientiousness, and its recognition of all righteous\\nclaims had resulted in the exalted nature which was his\\nfrom the cradle. It is probable also that the ancestral\\ncapacity for rigid adherence to the sense of duty, and\\nof uncomplaining acceptance of physical discomfort if\\nnecessary to spiritual and intellectual attainment, had\\nsinlessly defrauded the great soul of adequate housing.\\nThis inherited bodily frailty made his whole existence a\\nmarvellous example of conquering courage. For\\nThe child grew and waxed strong in spirit.\\nOf every man, whose occupation touches the diviner\\nthings of life, it may be said, as truly as of the poet, that\\n3", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nhe is born, not made and of none is this more\\nnotably true than of the teacher. No discerning stu-\\ndent of Hfe can read the story, from birth to death, of\\nthe fifty years allotted to the subject of this memoir\\nwithout reverent perception of the office to which he\\nwas pre-ordained.\\nNot that the young boy had any precocious intimation\\nof the line of work he would pursue. But from his first\\nintellectual awakening, with intuitive selection, he appro-\\npriated, omitted, accepted, rejected, sought, and shunned,\\naccording to the needs of one steadily growing toward\\nthe light, and into full flower and fruitage.\\nHis religious nature was early stirred, and the quiet\\ntastes of the student showed themselves, with the in-\\nstincts of that delicacy and fine, sensitive insight which\\nwere always his marked characteristics. But along with\\nthese traits, moderating them and insuring symmetry,\\nwere the fresh young impulses and delights of one\\nwho loved nature in all her moods. Added to this sav-\\ning grace was a wholesome ability to turn to prosaic\\ntasks, with cheerful pleasure in their small and practical\\ndetails.\\nAnd over all, and through all his days, dominating\\nevery desire and animating every deed, the faith he kept\\nwith his conscience made possible that which he became,\\none able to vivify the thought of his generation and to\\nwaken high enthusiasms in the young.\\nThe world took note of three lines of effort in which\\nDr. Steele was eminently capable. As Student, Teacher,\\nand Author he earned its attention and applause. And,\\nmarking the steps that led to his eminence, we find\\nin his youngest endeavors indications of what he\\nbecame.\\n4", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "The Good Fortune of Birth\\nAt nine years of age, as he himself has told us, he\\nbegan to feel the first real zest of a student s love of\\nwork. At eleven he wrote his first composition. He\\nwas then a member of a Troy, N. Y., school, the\\nBoys Academy, where he began Greek and French,\\nhaving already done some fundamental study in Latin.\\nThe composition, entitled Albany, and dated Sep-\\ntember 26, 1847, is preserved, its painstaking, childish\\nhand setting forth those facts about the capital city which,\\nto the boy, were most conspicuous. With the serious-\\nness due the gravity of his task he wrote the little treatise.\\nIt is very exact in description, expressed in noticeably\\ncorrect language, and redeemed from too precocious\\nprecision by some refreshing mistakes in spelling, and\\nafter a ponderous paragraph specifying the strength of\\nmaterials and thickness of its walls the confident\\nassertion that the Capitol is probaly the most per-\\nmanent building in the world.\\nThis initial production proves how early its writer\\nbegan to exercise his quick and careful observation and\\nhow soon the tendency to impart to others the knowl-\\nedge he had gained showed itself. It was the instinct\\nof the teacher.\\nThe first experience of the future master of schools\\ncovered a part of the summer after he was seventeen\\nyears old. The story of its dull and dragging days he\\nhas recorded. He vaguely felt the failure of the lifeless\\nroutine to which custom bound him. It bore down the\\nheart of the boy, not yet quickened by the dawning dis-\\ncernments that finally illuminated his work with splendid\\nintelligence.\\nHis next teaching, at twenty, was the shift of a college\\nstudent in need of money to further his education.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nBetween it, and that summer term against the monotony\\nof which his individuality had protested, lay the industry\\nof many undertakings. Farming, book-keeping, reading,\\nwriting, and clerical work in a publishing house had\\nbeen the varying occupations advancing him toward an\\nefficient readiness which made him better capable of\\ninstruction.\\nHowever he was as yet impelled simply by the acquis-\\nitiveness of a learner. He was gathering, but it had not\\nyet been shown him how he should give. It was only\\nwhen the appeal of other minds had moved his own to\\nhelpful response that he heard and knew his call. Once\\nknowing it he was ever faithful to its persuasion, and\\nthenceforth was pre-eminently the teacher. Thus, in\\n1875, when he had become widely known as an author,\\nhe called his address, delivered before the New York\\nState Teachers Association, What a New York Teacher\\nsaw in the German Schools.\\nHis first public honors were won by his work in the\\nschoolroom when, in 1870, the Regents of the Univer-\\nsity of the State of New York conferred upon him the\\ndegree of Doctor of Philosophy in consideration of\\neminent success as a teacher. The next year he was\\nelected President of the New York State Teachers\\nAssociation, and in 1883 he became a life member of\\nthe National Educational Association, at which time it\\nwas said of him, In all things he has undertaken he\\nhas acquitted himself with honor, and imparted a nobil-\\nity and dignity to the teachers profession. Among\\nother words spoken in his memory by an educational\\nwriter in 1886 were these:\\nHis delicate health forced him to forego many attractive\\nengagements and much congenial pleasure, but he never\\n6", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "The Good Fortune of Birth\\nallowed it to shut him out from the closest intimacy with the\\nbrotherhood of teachers, and failing strength abated not a\\njot of interest in them and all their concerns. We all\\nremember, at the close of a Holiday Conference last De-\\ncember, his allusion to himself as on the downward slope of\\nlife, and his earnest wish that he might still be counted one\\nof us.\\nOnly they who are guided by the intuitions of right-\\neous intelligence so find and fulfil their vocation.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II\\nTHE GROWING TEACHER\\nLOOK through the long roll of renowned names that\\nhave enriched the history of our repubUc in every\\nHne of noble accomplishment, and realize the debt the\\nnation owes the farm. Among them all it would be hard\\nto find that of any man who, if he were not the son of a\\nfarmer, had not in some way come into touch with farm\\nlife during his formative years.\\nJoel Dorman Steele was no exception. His mother\\nwas daughter of a man who had resigned the life of an\\nefficient physician for that of a farmer her clergyman\\nhusband had bought a country place when their son was\\nbut half-grown, and through its outdoor duties and\\npleasures the delicate lad gained in health and strength\\nduring school-life he bent alternately above his books\\nand over the hoe, the rake, the sickle, and the scythe\\nthus, he took to the tasks of the desk the steadiness of\\nplodding, patient, rural industry and carried to the\\nfields the quickened apprehensions of the scholar, which\\nlifted him above the mere performance of homely labor\\nand taught him the inner suggestions of seed-time and\\nharvest. To the end of life Dr. Steele was a lover of the\\nsoil and its rewards, and the fresh spirit of such a lover\\npermeated all his literary work.\\nOn the home farm at West Barre, Orleans County,\\nNew York, in the summer of 1858, the recent collegiate,", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "The Growing Teacher\\nworking, and waiting for the next thing, received a call\\nto teach Greek, Latin, and the Natural Sciences in Mexico\\nAcademy, Oswego County, New York. John Raymond\\nFrench, afterward Dean of the College of Liberal Arts\\nand Vice-Chancellor of Syracuse University, was at that\\ntime Principal at Mexico, and, needing an instructor,\\nhad written to certain of the Faculty of Genesee Col-\\nlege for advice. The result was the receipt of such\\nrecommendation of Mr. J. D. Steele, a regular gradu-\\nate of Genesee College, as brought about his entrance\\nupon the duties of a teacher s profession in August, 1858.\\nMexico, a village of about a thousand people, had\\nbecome an educational centre on account of its Acad-\\nemy, one of the oldest and best conducted in the State.\\nA list of its text-books at that time shows that the course\\nwas laid out with intelligent care and wise choice of\\nauthors. Besides the solid branches, it contained also\\nsome accomplishments of the day, such as the study\\nof melodeon music, and the making of ornamental wax-\\nwork, flowers, wreaths, crosses, and the like. The melo-\\ndeon merits a passing mention. When first introduced,\\nit was esteemed a triumph in the evolution of reed in-\\nstruments. It was then without pedals, the bellows\\nbeing worked with the elbows, the box-like frame rest-\\ning on a table or the lap, the size easily admitting of\\nthe latter* disposal. Its capacity was little more than\\nfour octaves and the keys somewhat resembled those of\\nthe modern typewriter. Later it was enlarged, put on\\nits own legs and indulged in an increased inflation be-\\ncause of its pedals. It had at this stage become the\\nimmediate forerunner of the cabinet organ, and in addi-\\ntion to the pleasure its manipulation gave to modest\\nmusic lovers it was found sufficient for the practical\\n9", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nstudy of counterpoint. Obsolete as it long since be-\\ncame, it served well the times for which it was invented,\\nand in 1858 twenty thousand of the improved forms\\nwere sold in the United States.\\nOn taking up his work in Mexico the new professor\\nbecame a member of the principal s family, and the\\nfamiliar relations thus established founded an intimacy\\nwhich was without break until the death of Dr. Steele.\\nAfter this event the sympathy between the households\\nwas, if possible, yet deeper. Later, when Dean French\\nhad also been taken, there still survived the fidelities\\nand hospitalities of an earnest friendship, manifested by\\nthose who, each in her place, had shared most closely\\nthe lives of the distinguished men.\\nFor three years, with an ardor which marked his\\ncareer from first to last, the young teacher performed\\nthe duties of his position, and even if the limits of that\\ntime had bounded his professional life, yet would the\\nlesson of his service be well worth the conning. Four\\ndecades have preserved in and beyond the little town\\nmany memories and illustrations of the essential quality\\nof his power.\\nBorn instructor as he was, he manifested from the\\nfirst his intense yearning, not only to teach the truth but\\nto teach the application of truth to life, and his solici-\\ntude for his pupils can only be expressed by the old\\nevangelistic phrase A burden for souls. Honor\\nhad already become his watchword.\\nThe second year of his stay in Mexico saw him, by\\nthe resignation of Principal French, promoted to be\\nmaster of the school, and it is touching to see how his\\napprehension of accountability warred with the natural\\nbuoyancy and high spirits of his youth.\\n10", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "The Growing Teacher\\nIn an institution which had so advanced a curriculum,\\nthere were students fitted by age for social fellowship\\nwith the principal, and constantly he guarded the dignity\\nof his position against any personal slips of decorum\\nwhich, however innocent in themselves, might imperil\\nhis authority and the good of the school. To one of\\nwarm and active friendliness this required a nice balance\\nof judgment and conduct.\\nHis earnestness to avoid careless intercourse with his\\npupils is well illustrated by an extract from a letter\\nwritten to Mrs. Steele in i860, when she was absent on\\na visit.\\nHe was then but twenty-four years of age, and after\\nan evening of merry relaxation in company with several\\nof the older scholars, he wrote\\nI intended to-night to have a pleasant, social chat, but\\nthe first I knew the talk was at sixes and sevens, as it so\\noften has been before. It does not seem becoming to\\nmy position. Pray for me that I may learn to influence\\nothers aright. I have been terribly lonesome all day\\nand when they came in I was glad, thinking it would render\\nthe evenuig more tolerable. But it would have been better to\\nbe lonesome than to laugh and talk as I did to-night. Not\\nworse than I have done dozens of times before, but worse\\nthan I meant to do again. O, let us both try to live in a\\nway more becoming our profession. You are better than I\\nam. I feel your restraining influence and I need it.\\nWe shall travel together toward Heaven and mayhap induce\\nothers to go with us those who look to us as patterns,\\nthose who put confidence in us. Let us make them respect\\nour conduct and example.\\nThe conduct he deplored is shown by the confessions\\nof the letter to have been merely a boyish abandonment\\nto gay conversation, badinage and laughter, common to\\nII", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nthe happy young the world over. How httle he merited\\nself-reproach may be judged from the words of those\\nwho viewed his work of that time, either as outside\\nadults or as students.\\nSaid Dean French, in a reminiscence over thirty years\\nafterward\\nHe was eminently successful, enthusiastic, untiring and\\ngreatly beloved by his pupils. Thorough as he was as an\\ninstructor, he was no less efficient as a disciplinarian. The\\nposition of Principal of the Academy he filled with great\\nCharles L. Stone, an eminent lawyer of Syracuse,\\nNew York, was, in 1895, requested by a friend to give\\nhis impressions of Dr. Steele. He had been a pupil\\nin the Mexico Academy, at about the age of thirteen,\\nand his response to the request was an eloquent and\\ndiscriminating letter. Evidently, in turning back to the\\nmemory of his school days, the very emotions and infer-\\nences which had moved the boy s mind revived to impel\\nthe pen of the man.\\nHe was my first ideal man, wrote Mr. Stone. Rather\\ntall, spare, light hair worn long, a clear and scholarly face,\\nyoung, a general favorite alike with pupils and parents, an\\nexcellent and enthusiastic teacher, a good executive a dis-\\nciplinarian rather by moral force and a bearing that uncon-\\nsciously turned the thoughts and ambitions of the boys\\ntoward honorable and manly courses. He carried about\\nwith him an atmosphere of inspiration to youth.\\nI was young, I knew him but a short time, my impres-\\nsions were boyish, I had no intimate acquaintance with him,\\nas the conditions forbade, but I admired him and I remem-\\nber I liked to watch him and observe his movements. Still\\nI regarded him with some awe He seemed to me on a\\n12", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "The Growing Teacher\\nplane which I might only hope to attain, if at all, after pro-\\ntracted study and discipline.\\nI think his eyes were blue. Once he opened them in\\nthe midst of his morning prayer at chapel, and it seemed to\\nme as if the light from them penetrated through the boy\\nwhose whispers had disturbed his devotions.\\nPerhaps this may not be of interest to others. I sat\\ndown, not intending to say so much, and have wandered on\\nin a sort of unreserve I am not accustomed to. The im-\\npressions I record were those made upon the mind of a\\nyoung boy unacquainted with the world.\\nIt is doubtful whether any tribute to a teacher could\\nbe of more worth than this fresh and fair remembrance\\nof childish appreciation. By it is unquestionably proven\\nthe influence of character on the young, and its value as\\na teacher s qualification. Unformulated until after years\\nhad calmed the impulses, the discernments of the inex-\\nperienced boy bear the test of time, and minify many a\\nlabored estimation.\\nA fitting addition to the words just quoted are those\\nwritten after Dr. Steele s death by a lady of unusual\\nculture a pupil of a later academy. They tell the\\nsame story of guiding and inspiring power\\nLooking back, I am more and more amazed as\\nmy comprehension becomes more perfect at the wonder-\\nful knowledge of human nature he possessed and the\\nskill with which he touched its springs of action. He\\nwas almost clairvoyant in his ability to read individual\\nneeds and idiosyncrasies, and a genius in providing for\\nand directing them. Far and wide over the world those\\nwhom he trained are doing brave battle for honor and\\nearnest work, with an ever-growing admiration for the\\ndelicacy yet strength of the methods he used in imparting\\nenthusiasm.\\n13", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nWhat a recompense to him, who stood in the first days\\nof his professional ambitions, somewhat overborne with\\nthe charge he had to keep, could he have known that\\nmen and women of mark would some day see how his\\nhand had touched the plastic period of their lives But\\namid all his busy plans for service, he asked for himself\\nonly the consciousness of duty done the ability to en-\\nlarge the vision of others a fair reward for his tasks\\nand some leisure, when his work was done, for a book,\\na little garden, a bit of travel, and the peace of bodily\\nrest to fit him for yet greater exertions.\\nM", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III\\nTHE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDS\\nWHEN the new teacher entered Mexico Academy,\\nthe members of the faculty, as well as the\\nstudents, were personally unknown to him, and he had\\nstudied with interest a catalogue containing their names.\\nIt chanced, however, that a change had been made after\\nthe catalogue was printed, and he was, therefore, entirely\\nunprepared, when he met the music teacher, to see a\\ndark-haired, brown-eyed young lady of vivacious, candid\\nmanner and an altogether indescribable charm.\\nForty years later, a lady, who was present when the\\npair were introduced, said\\nIt is impossible to give in words any idea of the look\\nwith which Professor Steele regarded Miss Baker. Between\\nhis evident admiration and his surprise his face was a study.\\nI think it was a case of love at first sight. At any rate it\\nwas soon plain that something was likely to happen.\\nIn less than a year from the time the two met, the\\nsomething which their friends had foreseen happened,\\nthe wedding taking place at the home of the bride s\\nfather early in the summer vacation. The marriage was\\nhastened by the prospective groom s unexpected election\\nto the office of principal of the academy, an advance-\\nment which made him more confident of his ability to\\nbecome at once the responsible head of a household.\\nMiss Baker s father. Rev. Gardner Baker, united the pair.\\n15", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nThe wisdom of the immediate union was noted from the\\nfirst. There seemed, said a gentleman, once a pupil\\nof both, to be a natural affinity of soul, and the mar-\\nriage was apparently one of those ordained by Heaven.\\nI never knew, said Dean French, after the death of\\nDr. Steele, a happier married life than was theirs.\\nTheir mutual devotion was remarkable.\\nMrs. Steele, like her husband, was the child of a\\nMethodist parsonage, and knew the wandering life of\\nthe itinerant s family. Her father relinquished the hope\\nof a university education under the conviction that he\\nmust not postpone his entrance upon work as a minister.\\nHe often referred to this turning point in his life, won-\\ndering what would have been his career had it not been\\nso changed by his emotional religious nature.\\nThose conversant with circuit riding in the first quarter\\nof the century know something of the sacrifice his deci-\\nsion implied. But he cheerfully did the things he felt\\nGod had given him to do, with no thought of complaint.\\nIt is likely that this quality of happy surrender was\\none of his gifts to his daughter, whose steadfast associa-\\ntion in all her husband s work, of every kind, so sped the\\ntasks of fresh and hopeful endeavor and held up his\\nhands in weary days.\\nGardner Baker s wife, to whom he was married in\\n1827, was Miss Esther Scott, daughter of Captain Enos\\nScott, a man prominent in the general training days\\nof long ago. Of those days Mrs. Steele once wrote to a\\nfriend\\nThey went out of date in my early childhood, but I dis-\\ntinctly remember them as a time of glitter and noise, con-\\nnected with feathers, drums, hard gingerbread, and molasses\\ntaffy.\\n16", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "The Marriage of True Minds\\nMiss Scott became a wife at eighteen, entering at once\\non a life that knew at first many mutations, throughout\\nand beyond which to the end of her eighty-seven years\\nshe preserved a beautiful sweetness of manner, unaffected\\ndignity, and pure refinement. The last struggling words\\nthat came to her lips, when the death change was swift\\nupon her, were a feeble Thank you.\\nThe child of such parents found in their very depriva-\\ntions a stout-hearted courage that made her able to\\nengage life with cheer for herself and others. For, while\\nthe mean-spirited when they meet obstacles turn back\\nto obscurity, the superior develop overcoming force and\\nrise above every difficulty. This has been the glory of\\nour Republic, and has brought the children of high-\\nminded men and women, who have known the pecuniary\\nlimitations of the nobler professions, to every place of\\nexalted trust and celebrity.\\nThe married years of Dr. and Mrs. Steele were dis-\\ntinguished by a felicity and concord unusual even among\\nthe happily united. The stressful and fervid nature of\\nthe man needed the less strenuous but equally aspiring\\nand wholly sympathetic nature of the woman. She\\nbrought to his intellectual walks an ability to keep beside\\nhim, whatever path he pursued. She parried his self-\\ndistrust with a faith in his purposes, and suggested\\nmethods which gave him cheerful expectation of the\\noutcome. She met his discouragements with elastic\\ngood spirits she soothed his pains with her compassion\\nshe welcomed him from the daily conflict of life to the\\npeace of a perfect home, she both leaned upon and\\nuplifted his heart.\\nThere were occasional separations for a longer or\\nshorter period, on account of business, miscellaneous\\n2 17", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nduties, or the need of rest. These occurrences, so\\nregrettable to both, gave rise, through the habit of daily\\nletters, to a voluminous correspondence, which fortu-\\nnately preserves the passing incidents of their days, their\\nfamiliar talks of mutual joys and sorrows, and their un-\\nreserved expression as to current life and thought. While\\nmost of this interchange is too sacred for the public\\neye, portions of it will be used in the pages to follow to\\nillustrate the character and motives of him whose story\\nthey tell.\\nThe letters of Dr. Steele everywhere unconsciously\\ndisclose his universally humane heart, his affection for his\\nhome, and his faith in her who made it home to him.\\nAll the way from the effluent sentences of the husband\\nof twenty-three, to the time of the last absence of Mrs.\\nSteele, but a few weeks before his death, there is one\\nunvarying note of fond allegiance and trust.\\nIn i860 I am longing to see you. I am running over\\nwith points I want to consult you about and which I hardly\\ncare to put upon paper. Many little items I have gathered\\nand heard of I am aching to talk over with you.\\nFeb. 1862, from camp: How I long to see you! It\\nseems as if I could not wait longer that I must see you\\nimmediately. It is useless to write more, as I should only\\nsay the same thing over and over again. I keep my pen\\nmoving simply to repeat the same refrain I want to see my\\nwife.\\nFrom camp, 1862 I miss your presence, your conversa-\\ntion, our home \u00e2\u0080\u0094that haven of rest. How we shall prize it\\nif we are ever united within its walls again\\nJune 29, 1863, 9 P.M., Bachelor s Hall. It is getting\\nmighty lonesome here and I wish so much for your return.\\nBut I believe I agreed not to say a word of that sort, so I\\ntake it all back.\\n18", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "The Marriage of True Minds\\n1867 Don t stay two weeks unless necessary. Year by\\nyear you are becoming more essential to my life and happi-\\nness becoming more and more a part of me.\\n1867 I wish you were back here. We were going to\\nhave such good times writing that book together,\\nIn 1 87 6 he preceded Mrs. Steele to the Centennial\\nExposition at Philadelphia, where, during a part of the\\ntime he was in company with Rev. Dr. A. W. Cowles,\\nPresident of Elmira College, who was considerably below\\nDr. Steele in stature.\\nMachinery Hall, May 17th, 1876.\\nMy dear Wife, I thought I would send you a greet-\\ning from the Machinery Hall of the exhibition by means of\\nour new typewriter which I have just purchased. My aman-\\nuensis writes beautifully do you not think so? I am enjoy-\\ning myself, so far, mainly in learning to use my legs the\\nprincipal thing required here. It takes a fifty cent scrip to\\nget in. After that all you need is pedal extremities. I think\\nI am about half an inch shorter than when I came this\\nmorning, having worn thus much off. If I remain here this\\nweek I fear I shall have to look up to the College President.\\nBut enough of this. Great is the Centennial, of which I am\\none. May you soon be another.\\nYours pedestrianly,\\nJ. DORMAN.\\nJanuary, 1877, Mrs. Steele was in Watertown assisting\\nin preparations for the golden wedding of her parents,\\nand her husband had resolved that he would not mar\\nher pleasure by frequent mention of his loneliness during\\nher absence. It transpired, however, that she wrote him\\non Christmas Day and stated that the holiday had not\\nbeen perfectly happy without him. In reply he said\\nI am glad you were not happy on that day any more than\\nI was. I did n t know but you would be glad to be rid of me\\n19", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\njust for a little holiday. O, you poor old half-of-a-scissors\\nYou can t cut without the other half There is no use\\nin making believe. You would better be honest as I have\\nbeen and say you were gloomy. Well, I will try to worry\\nthrough the month in some way. I did not mean to say\\na word about missing you. But, as you broached the sub-\\nject yourself, I could not keep still any longer. Now have\\nI said too much and put my foot into it I fear so. I\\ntake it all back. I have not lisped a syllable. I deny the\\nallegation and defy the alligator. So then we do not miss\\nyou at all. We are all delighted to have you gone to Water-\\ntown. It is a daily relief to have a vacant chair. We count\\nthe days and dread your return. Could n t you stay longer\\njust as well as not\\nPeacefully, happily, joyfully yours,\\nJ. D. S.\\nNov. 27, 1879: It is Thanksgiving! Three years ago\\nto-day I wrote up Valley Forge in the Centennial History,\\nand Brother Viall was here to dinner. Two years ago we\\nwere in London with the Chapins. One year ago you were\\nhere and we had a jolly time. It is very dull now, and even\\nthe turkey looked lonesome.\\nMrs. Steele was at the Thousand Islands, August 23,\\n1880, historical writing, then under way, absorbing both\\nher own and her husband s time. She had found it\\nimpossible to work at home, owing to interruptions,\\ngrowing out of her wide acquaintance and social nature.\\nIn a letter, largely devoted to the interchange of thought,\\nplan, and opinion as to their co-labors. Dr. Steele said\\nIt is a great sacrifice on my part to let you stay. I\\nmiss you so much. I feel a sense of watit all the time\\nyou are absent. Frequently I stop my reading or my writ-\\ning or my thinking. How can I, I say, get along longer\\nwithout my wife Every hour something comes up to make\\nme wish you were here. I am so accustomed to refer every-\\n20", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "The Marriage of True Minds\\nthing to you, to advise with you as a second self. But I\\nmust stop or you will think I am getting sentimental with\\nadvancing years a fall you could never forgive.\\nAll the world is acquainted through some medium\\nwith the language of love and the devotions of courtship\\nand early married days. But too rarely is it familiar\\nwith a tender constancy that, with ever new attractions,\\ngilds all the changing years of a long married life. And\\nthe story of an unwavering mutual affection is as captiv-\\nating to the human heart as the best story of endeavor,\\nvictory, and fame. Now and then it falls out that the\\ntale of endeavor, victory, and fame is inseparably woven\\nwith that of the mutual unwavering love. So was it to\\nbe in the history of Joel Dorman Steele.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV\\nwar s red techstone\\nCaptain Steele s Commission\\nTo Joel D. Steele.\\nWE, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in\\nyour patriotism, conduct, and loyalty, as in your\\nintegrity and readiness to do us good and faithful service,\\nHave appointed and constituted and by these Presents do\\nappoint and constitute you, the said Joel D. Steele, Captain\\nin the 8ist Regiment New York Volunteers with rank from\\nOct. nth, 1861. You are therefore to observe and follow\\nsuch orders and directions as you shall, from time to time\\nreceive from our Commander-in-Chief of the Military forces\\nof our said State, or any other 3 our Superior Officer accord-\\ning to the Rules and Discipline of War, and hold the said\\nOffice in the manner specified in and by the Constitution\\nand Laws of our said State, and of the United States; in\\npursuance of the trust reposed in you, and for so doing this\\nshall be your commission. In testimony Whereof, We\\nhave caused our Seal for Military Commissions to be here-\\nunto affixed.\\nWitness Edwin D. Morgan, Governor of our said State,\\nCommander-in-Chief of the Military and Naval forces of the\\nsame, at our city of Albany, the nineteenth day of February,\\neighteen hundred and sixty-two.\\nE. D. Morgan.\\nPassed the Adj. Gen. Office,\\nAss t Adj. Gen. Dr. McCan Campbell.\\nIt was while Professor Steele was in Mexico that the\\ngreat political and sectional agitations of the times cul-\\n22", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "War s Red Techstone\\nminated in our Civil War, engaging the powers and\\nabsorbing the enthusiasms of the best men both north\\nand south. It was impossible that leaders of thought\\nand feeling should not, everywhere, come to the front.\\nThey were wanted, to exhort, to inspire, to promote,\\nto guide. And in the community where the rumors\\nof war found him, our book-lover, home-lover, man-\\nlover, and peace-lover became the advocate of conflict.\\nIntensely loyal himself, he put into words the fire of\\nhis own heart and kindled a self-sacrificing flame in the\\nhearts of others. He stimulated patriotism, directed\\nzeal, and pointed out to the hesitating the duty of the\\nhour. Under the urgency of his ardor, many sprang\\nforward to become the defenders of the Union, and the\\nspeech-maker soon became convinced that an additional\\ncompany might be raised if he would go with it to the\\nfront.\\nWith him to see a duty was to do it, and within a few\\nmonths after the first call for volunteers, school and\\nhome were left behind, and in the far South, Captain\\nSteele v^^as enduring the hardships of a soldier s fortune.\\nWhat this great change cost him no one can estimate,\\nunless he has himself turned from the dear things of life\\nand love, to the distasteful routine of a pursuit for which\\nnature never intended him, and against which the train-\\ning of his past had intensified his inherent antagonism.\\nAn old Mexico pupil of Dr. Steele writes\\nHis patriotism impressed me as a genuine enthusiasm,\\nunmixed with any baser motive. A sacrifice it seemed to\\nme a serious loss to the Academy and to the community\\nhis departure certainly was yet an object lesson that\\nstrengthened the patriotism of many. To him it appeared\\nto be a f natter of course, wh n his country called, to respond,\\n23", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nand to respond with alacrity and zeal not as to the per-\\nformance of a dull duty nor yet without appreciation of the\\nsignificance of the response. He did not rush in blindly.\\nHe was mindful of possible consequences and of the cost.\\nHe knew he might be called upon to leave his beloved work\\nand his lovely and attractive wife forever. Yet he did not\\nturn back.\\nAnd now a strange, new life opened before him. Of\\nit he daily wrote, with the eloquent and yearning love\\nof one whose heart beat back to wife and home, but\\nalways with the firm resolution of the patriot.\\nI go forth, he said, in a farewell letter to his pupils,\\nto meet the fate of the future with neither murmur nor\\nhesitation. He who marks out the path, sustains with a\\nstrange and wonderful strength him who walks therein.\\nThat it was, indeed, a strange and wonderful\\nstrength, the story of but a tithe of his laborious and\\nheavy experience, and its piteous depletion of his vital-\\nity, verifies.\\nThe following extracts from letters to Mrs. Steele\\nshow his craving for the things of peace, his suffering\\nunder existing conditions, his consciousness of possibili-\\nties and his undeviating intent. Before his active cam-\\npaigning he wrote from Camp Rathbun, Albany, N. Y.,\\nFeb. 6, 1862\\nI feel that camp life is demoralizing in the extreme.\\nThe ennui bites like a sharp tooth all the day long. And\\nagain: The whole Sabbath has seemed like a Babel. But\\nI have enlisted in a good cause and would not turn back,\\nthough I know I am injuring myself phj^sically, at least. I\\nowe a debt to these men who have enlisted under me, and I\\nmust stand by them, aid them, and bring them home again.\\nApril 10, 1862 Visions of a quiet home after the priva-\\ntions and dangers of war fill my dreams by day and night.\\n24", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "War s Red Techstone\\nYet my mind is perfectly clear, my hand steady, my duty\\nplain, conscience at rest. I do not regret coming. It is\\nsaid that danger sometimes brushes away the mists from the\\nmind. It has done so for me. In the present uncertainty I\\nam settled and would return neither for love, money, nor\\nposition. My place is here! My heart rejoices that I am\\nhonored with the privilege of fighting for my country per-\\nhaps dying in her defence. Death in such a cause may ren-\\nder even a plain man glorious. I pray God, however, if it\\nis consistent with His plans for the deliverance of my beloved\\ncountry, that he may spare my life. If not I shall bow my\\nhead in surrender, grateful that I am deemed worthy to be\\na part of the ransom which must be paid for the regenera-\\ntion and purification of my native land.\\nApril 17: We have marched about twenty miles since\\neight o clock. We had a terribly tedious time under a scald-\\ning sun. The whole region was destroyed and laid waste\\nhouses burned, fences gone, trees cut down, and every-\\nthing reduced to a state of nature, and yet enough left to\\nshow us how war is the enemy of civilization. You cannot\\nimagine what a fearful thing war is, how utterly it ruins\\nevery interest and beggars a country. I have read it all,\\nbut newtr felt it before.\\nDate lost Yesterday, for the first time I found a Dan-\\ndelion in full blossom. I could have knelt and kissed the\\nlittle opening flower, it recalled home so vividly. I thought\\nthat there, as here, it is Spring and dandelions are opening\\nat its call. For April has rolled away the stone from the\\nsepulchre of winter and bidden the flowers come forth.\\nThere, at home, the old, yellow, homely dandelions are\\nspringing up at the brookside, in the meadows, clustering\\nunder fallen trees, nestling in the sweet grass and pouring\\nup the hill till they tint the whole ground with yellow as\\nif autumn had left behind this one of all her splendid tints.\\nThere, everywhere, are dandelions in the glory of royalty,\\nthe gaudy color of gold here was one little dandelion half\\nhid in fallen leaves. Yet here by the brookside it spake as\\nnever flower spake except to strangers and wanderers,\\n25", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nsinging to me the whole song of Home Sweet Home, with\\nall its variations, while on my heartstrings was played an\\naccompaniment that brought the tears to my eyes, until I\\nlonged to lie down on the grass beside that simple flower\\nand weep like rain. Did you ever pluck a flower from a\\ngrave, and lay it by to wither yet as a memory of the\\npast to be always green? So reverently did I pluck that\\ndandelion and treasure it for memory s sake.\\nApril no date: It has rained hard for several days.\\nOur tent leaks like a sieve. We put rubber blankets under\\nour beds and also over us at night. This morning I found\\nmy stockings wet through, although they were on my cot.\\nWe do not use our cots at present as they are too cold with\\nonly one woollen blanket for each man. This morning my\\nhands shake with the chill as I write. We cannot warm\\nmuch at the campfires because of the wind. We roast\\nour faces until our heads ache and our eyes fill with tears\\nwhile our backs become wet to the skin and our feet are\\nin the mud. I have feared more rheumatism from expo-\\nsure, but it does not trouble me at present. And after all\\nwe are better off than the private soldiers. I am often\\nashamed to have more than my poor men.\\nApril 19: This afternoon the boys raised a liberty pole\\nin front of the Colonel s quarters. He was much pleased.\\nI could not but contrast my situation with that of last year,\\nwhen I raised another pole at home. Sic transit gloria\\npedagogibiis Then I spoke most sincerely of patriotism, of\\nheroism, of the red, the white, the blue. To-day I practise\\nthe principles I then propounded.\\nMay 11: Every one is inspired with a supreme desire\\nto reach the goal of all our hopes and anxieties. I catch\\nnew enthusiasm and want to press on and be one of the\\nnumber to march through the streets of the confederate\\ncapital, to the stirring music of Yankee Doodle as we\\ndid through Williamsburg the other day.\\nMay 12 We have seldom had time to cook our pork,\\nand have had no coffee or sugar so we have been driven to\\nlive upon raw pork and hard bread. During our forced\\n26", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "War s Red Techstone\\nmarch the hot sun poured down on us with tropic sever-\\nity, suffocating clouds of dust swept into our faces, our\\nheavy burdens weighed us down, and yet when, overcome,\\nour bodies sank heavily to the earth, came constantly that\\nurgent command, Forward, Forward I will not describe\\nthe journey. It is too painful to me even in the retrospect.\\nI am now sore and weak, and my nerves throb and tremble\\nso that I can hardly guide my pen. And yet Hurrah!\\nOn to Richmond\\nMay 14 (his birthday) At seven in the morning we were\\nready for a march. Two hundred thousand men with all army\\nmaterial were to be pushed through in some manner. You\\ncannot imagine the difficulties of such an enterprise. There\\nwere frequently places where we had to cross deep streams,\\none man at a time on a single log. Again, the mud drove\\nus into the woods, where ranks were broken and passage\\nwas delayed. Then a wagon would collapse in the midst of\\na defile and a stop or a file-around in single rank would re-\\nsult. These delays in a train twenty miles long were of\\nconstant occurrence, and at five o clock in the afternoon we\\nhad advanced three-quarters of a mile We dared not throw\\noff our loads, and seldom dared to sit down but were kept on\\na constant stretch. At eight o clock we stopped thirty min-\\nutes for supper then resumed our march. I never heard\\nso many oaths in my life The men swore and raved, and\\nthen, too weak for that, became silent and sank in their\\ntracks utterly exhausted. Sometimes the sense of fatigue\\nwould come over me like a flood and I almost dropped, too.\\nBut my pride sustained me and I kept my pluck, marching\\non at the head of my company until midnight, when, with\\nall my good resolutions and exertions I could not keep awake,\\nbut took short naps as we advanced. At last after sixteen\\nmiles, at three o clock in the morning we bivouacked in a\\nploughed field. I simply spread my rubber blanket over\\ntwo cornhills so that my feet rested over one and my head\\non another, and dropped down worn out With a blanket\\nover me I slept soundly. A horse broke loose near by and\\nran through the camp close by my head, but I never knew\\n27", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nof my escape until next morning when the colonel told me.\\nAt five o clock we rose, cooked ham, made coffee and break-\\nfasted. Soon the order came to fall in and we moved to\\nthe spot we now occupy. I am tired and lame but hold out\\nyet, though it is passing strange. Every one has said I could\\nnot endure sleeping out o nights in the rain on tlie ground,\\nbut I have done so, covered only with that which I carry\\non my back. Far stronger men than I am, or have ever\\nthought of being, have broken down.\\nI am thinking of you on this my natal day. I cannot\\ndescribe my thoughts, nor how I long for home once more\\nour quiet home. This life is so dreadful, so uncongenial,\\nso wasting to mind and body, that I almost wish sometimes\\nI had not come. But no not that! I only did my duty,\\nand you know I am learning duty s path. May God speed\\nthe day when war shall be over, and our separation a part\\nof the dark and forgotten past.\\nMay 27 Last night I slept in the open air. I suppose\\nyou are becoming used to that expression. I confess I am not\\nbecoming used to the discomfort it implies. I awoke feel-\\ning very ill. Had I been home I should not have thought\\nI could sit up during the day. However, I staggered through\\nthe march, and reaching our present ground dropped under\\na tree. Mr. Crane put up a shelter tent and made me a\\ngood cup of tea. I was kept awake last night and am tor-\\nmented to-day by pain that bends me double, yet I am some-\\nwhat better. It has rained terribly all the afternoon drops\\nas large as peas and hail like walnuts. Our tent is flooded.\\nWe sit in pools with our rubber blankets around us the\\nwater dripping from them in streams. As I write, the rubber\\nblanket over my head and lap protects the paper in part,\\nthough, as you see, some drops have soiled it. I would post-\\npone this letter but for two reasons I am lonesome and\\nwe may at any time advance. You will excuse deficiencies.\\nMy illness, the rain and hail pouring down, thunder and\\nlightning of the sharpest kind and a half dozen wet soldiers\\ncrowded under my tent, glad of the little shelter it affords,\\nare not conducive to coherent writing.\\n28", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "War s Red Techstone\\nMay 28 Elias A. Wood (a private in his company)\\ndied at the General Hospital on the 25th of this month.\\nIs it not sad My heart has been heavy all day long.\\nYet in this terrible drama no one has time to mourn.\\nFriends at home may weep and with sad hearts move about\\ntheir duties, but no one here pauses to say more than That\\nis too bad And on surges the wave on rolls the wheel 1\\nSuch is a soldier s life and fate\\nIn expectation of a battle a short letter to Mrs.\\nSteele contained these sentences\\nI have no time to write many words. I put my trust in\\nGod. Happy is the man that putteth his trust in Him. I\\nmay fall. Should it be my lot to wet the Southern soil with\\na soldier s blood, be assured I do not murmur. These words\\nring in my ears It is sweet and glorious to die for one s\\ncountry. If I live, the memory of these trials will purify us\\nboth. In either case it is God who vvilleth of His good\\npleasure. May He smooth your path, comfort your heart,\\nsoothe your sorrow, and at last bring us both home in\\npeace.\\nThe next letter followed an awful silence after the\\nBattle of Seven Pines, May 31, 1862. It was written\\non a bit of brown paper it was crumpled, soiled and\\nstained with the blood of the wounded Captain as he\\nlay on the field after the conflict weak, suffering, and\\nas yet unattended. But through its incoherency, its\\nagony of collapse and its longing, it still told a story of\\nfidelity, patience, piety, and unalterable love for the dear\\none at home. And through it breathed an unchanged\\ndevotion to that cause for which he had now fought and\\nbled. Truly his faith and truth on war s red techstone\\nrang true metal.\\n29", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nCaptain SteeVs Discharge\\nHead Quarters 4th Corps,\\nRowland House, Va., July 22nd, 1862.\\nSpecial Orders,\\nNo. 88.\\nThe following named officer having tendered his resigna-\\ntion is hereby honorably discharged from the Military Ser-\\nvice of the U. S.\\nCapt. J. D. Steele, 8rst Reg. N. Y. Vols.\\nBy Command of Brig. Gen. Keyes.\\n(Signed) C. C. Suydam,\\nCapt. and A. A. G.\\nOfficial.\\nHead Quarters Peck s Division,\\nJuly 23d, 1862\\n(Signed) W. H. MoRRiss,\\nCapt. and A. A. G.\\nOfficial.\\nHead Quarters ist Brigade,\\n(Signed) Geo. H. Johnson,\\nCapt. and A. A. G.\\nOfficial.\\nHead Quarters 81st Reg. N. Y. Vols.\\nWm. C. Raulston,\\nMaj. Com. Sist N. Y. Vols.\\n30", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V\\nAT NEWARK\\nSO rapidly moved events that but little more than\\nthree months after he received his wound Professor\\nSteele once more stood behind the teacher s desk this\\ntime as Principal of the Union School, Newark, N. Y.\\nHere he began in September, 1862, a four years work\\nwhich as indelibly marked the life of the community\\nand of those under his care as had the four years spent\\nin Mexico.\\nOnly those who witnessed the struggle for life which\\ntook place between the wound at Seven Pines and his\\nreinstatement to the activities of a civilian, can form\\nany idea of the Valley of the Shadow of Death through\\nwhich he passed. Something of its darkness lies across\\nthe pages on which he wrote, shortly before his death,\\na brief review of his military experience.\\nWhether or not the fever, following his return home,\\nhad burned out the poison of swamp and sluggish stream,\\ncertain it is that life took on its new lease, with a\\nrallying power that spoke as well for his physical and\\nmental tenacity, as had his fortitude during exhausting\\nmarches, killing heats and depressing chills. And though\\nworn and wasted, he gathered fresh force for effective\\nindustry.\\nA survey of what he accomplished during his stay\\nin Newark, shows an assiduity and ambition that are\\n31", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\namazing. He not only performed the usual duties of\\nthe principalship with unusual proficiency, but he con-\\nstantly undertook other projects conducive to the\\nadvancement of his work and to wider educational in-\\nfluence than the mere attention to professional routine\\ncould give. To this he was impelled by that within\\nhim which woke to action whenever he saw a need he\\ncould supply, a question he could answer, an obscurity\\nhe could illuminate.\\nProfessor William Wells, who had been his instructor at\\nGenesee College, wrote from Union College in 1894\\nAs a student he was bright, lively, sympathetic and ubi-\\nquitous. Wherever any activity was in progress he was in\\nthe midst of it. I now see him in my mind s eye as I often\\nsaw him then smiling, laughing, encouraging in the\\ncrowd or on the platform, appealing, advising, maintaining\\nor censuring. He was never outside of anything.\\nThe last sentence aptly notes a trait in Dr. Steele s\\ncharacter to which he owed much of his success and to\\nwhich every community in which he lived owed a debt\\nof gratitude. Great things enlisted his heart and soul,\\nsmall things his attention and service. The plans of\\nhis friends, church causes, social schemes, devices for\\nfurnishing his school with better equipment, political and\\npatriotic problems, all sorrows and all joys of neighborly\\ninterest he was outside none of them.\\nI retire to my room, he wrote in the spring of 1863, at\\nfrom eleven to twelve o clock at night, after these lectures\\nand school performances. I read in my room an hour or so\\nsometimes until past one, and rise at 6.30.\\nThe lectures referred to were a scientific series, illus-\\ntrated by experiments or pictures or both. They were", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "At Newark\\na local feature during each winter of the lecturer s\\nsojourn in Newark and were highly commended by press\\nand people, widely extending the fame and popularity\\nof the Newark school and its master. Before his re-\\nmoval from the town he began to be in considerable\\ndemand in other places and at institutes. His subjects\\nwere mainly scientific. A few of them were The Twin\\nOceans, Chemistry of the Candle, Science of the\\nSunbeam, Atmospheric Philosophy, Electrical\\nPhilosophy, and the like.\\nThe material returns for these lectures, delivered abso-\\nlutely free of personal recompense, placed in the school\\napparatus worth about two thousand dollars. The library\\nalso constantly grew, and of course patronage steadily\\nincreased, and the Newark newspaper of that time con-\\ngratulates the village on the fact that the receipts from\\nthe tuition of foreign scholars considerably exceeds that\\nof any year since the organization of the school and is\\nnearly treble that of three years ago.\\nThe schoolmaster, as he had done in Mexico and as\\nhe later did in Elmira, won to himself the confiding love\\nof the pupils a love most dear to him. During his\\nfirst year he wrote Mrs. Steele\\nI do believe my scholars like me better and better. This\\nis what I most desire. I receive beautiful bouquets daily\\nand carry them home every night. This morning I found\\na gift of strawberries, just trembling on the border of\\nambrosia and nectar, carefully stowed away in my desk.\\nIt was labelled, For Mr. Steele, by one of his scholars.\\nThe little girls downstairs daily waylay me, as usual. They\\nnow call for me and escort me to school. I can hardly stir\\nwithout this fluttering bodyguard. I think I never felt so\\nmuch affection among my scholars as here. It cheers and\\nencourages me wonderfully.\\n3 33", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nThe remarkable hold gained by him on the moral\\nand spiritual natures of the students is not forgotten\\nto this day. Years afterward a young woman said\\nHe made a different person of me. I owe all I\\nam to him. That remark, happily repeated to him\\nwhen fame had become his, filled him with tender joy\\nand thankfulness. In 1873 he wrote to General Alfred\\nC. Barnes, of New York, a member of the firm of\\nA. S. Barnes Co. with whom he had formed a\\nclose friendship and who was then in Europe I\\nwant to tell you that one of my old pupils has just\\ntaken charge of my former school in Newark. Another\\nhas just been elected Principal of Mexico Academy.\\nBy him such things were regarded as important events,\\nworthy to be communicated to those whom he loved\\nand trusted.\\nAs a teacher, he had, from the beginning, taken into\\nconsideration moral and spiritual foundations. By nature\\nand rearing sincerely religious, his army experience, which\\nbrought him face to face with many momentous crises,\\nhad filled him with a sense of the splendor of sacrifice.\\nSo he returned to his profession with a purified perception\\nof service and a quickened benevolence. And Newark,\\nhis new field, yielded the first fruits.\\nNothing could have been more unexpected than the\\nspontaneous manifestation in his school of that religious\\nawakening which finally interested the entire village.\\nOf it he has himself written in his reminiscences, and his\\nletters of this time teem with allusions to it. He evi-\\ndently performed the tasks of both teacher and pastor,\\nand every student under his care was personally engaged\\nin the endeavor that lifted all to higher living and\\nfinally enlisted every denomination.\\n34", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "At Newark\\nWe had a heavenly prayer-meeting, he writes. Glori-\\nous is the God who giveth such rich fulfilment of promise.\\nThese young people s meetings are full of blessings.\\nThey have coaxed me into the idea of leading their Sun-\\nday School, but I do not think I am fitted for it or will give\\nsatisfaction.\\nThe Sunday School mentioned was a Mission School\\nat Hydeville, Wayne Co., N. Y., and it became a real\\nsuccess. He associated with himself in the work one\\nof his students, a young man who took charge of a Bible\\nclass and led the singing. Of the latter. Professor Steele\\nmade much. He later wrote in letters of differing dates\\nas follows\\nThe singing we find very poor, so much so that the min-\\nisters make no attempt to have the hymns sung, but read\\nthem through as they do a chapter in the Bible, and then\\npreach. But I insist that those who cannot sing shall at\\nleast read the hymn aloud, and this keeps them at work.\\nThe school is now getting lively and interesting, and I hope\\nI shall do some good by my undertaking.\\nHad a very fine attendance at Sunday School. The\\nsinging is becoming excellent.\\nI tell you, Etta, the place for a man is at his post, at his\\nwork, and then he is free, useful, and at home anywhere\\nin God s great universe\\nThe special strength of the young schoolmaster s\\nefforts in Christian work was his trustful love of God and\\nhis faithful love of man. His personal care of individual\\ncases was incessant.\\nWill A he writes, leaves on Monday for Brock-\\nport. He goes as clerk in a dry-goods store. I have had a\\nlong talk with him and shall feel anxious for him away from\\nthe helps he now enjoys.\\n35", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nAgain he speaks of a young lady for whom he has\\nfears, and of another for whom he has hopes, showing\\nplainly his care for and interest in all. No letter written\\nby him during Mrs. Steele s absence in 1864, but refers\\nto some special case and his own spiritual experience.\\nThe constancy and success of his labors could not but\\nattract the attention of those of his denomination who\\nwere in authority. And on May 24, 1864, he wrote\\nAt the last Quarterly Conference I was appointed ex-\\nhorter in the Methodist Episcopal Church What think\\nyou of that They had not broached the subject to me and\\nI was for a time dumbfounded. But of course I cannot\\nrefuse. It may be the open door.\\nIt was thus that Professor Steele began to do minis-\\nterial work and was at last ordained a preacher, an office\\nin which his service was so effective as to warrant the\\nconviction expressed by many of his hearers, that he\\nmight have attained ministerial distinction. But he,\\nhimself, never felt that he was called to the ministry\\nin an ecclesiastical sense. He was, in fact, a teacher\\npure and simple. To him the church was a school for\\nthe learner of divine things and in the pulpit as else-\\nwhere, he opened his mouth and taught them.\\nProfessor Steele s work at Newark was by no means\\nconfined to his lectures, his church activities and his\\nschool. He was a prominent figure at Teachers Asso-\\nciations and was always earnest in promoting the enlist-\\nment of Union Volunteers. Indeed more than once he\\nseriously thought of returning to the field in spite of his\\ndepleted strength. Of this possibility he thus writes\\nNews came in town to-day that our Militia company is\\nto be held and perhaps called into service. I hope it is true.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "At Newark\\nCould I have my way I would use my vacation by joining\\nmy own brave boys at the front and trying once more to\\nlead them on.\\nAug. 7, 1S64 It is proposed to have a company raised\\nin this town, and a strong pressure has been put upon me to\\naccept the captaincy. Mr. B. would take my place in school\\nfor a time. I have told those interested that if it was\\nthought I could do more good by raising a company and\\ntaking the field than by teaching, I would serve the town\\nand our common country in this way. I hope you will not\\nthink I have erred in saying this. Of course I shall see and\\nconsult you before I decide definitely. But I feel that my\\nposition is the only right, manly, and patriotic one, and my\\nconscience approves it.\\nFortunately, a strong opposition from the patrons of his\\nschool, and the persuasions of friends, who believed that\\na renewal of military hardships would be fatal, preserved\\nhim to the educational work that was to lead him for-\\nward to vast accomplishment.\\nIn March 1866, Professor Steele, worn by incessant\\nexertions for church, school and town interests, began\\nto feel so seriously the symptoms of debility, that he\\nfeared he might be obliged to discontinue work before\\nthe end of the school year. He was indeed recovering\\nslowly from a severe illness when he was offered the\\nPrincipalship of Elmira Free Academy. This offer,\\ntotally unexpected, was received with his usual careful\\ndeliberation, and his conclusion to accept it was reached\\nonly after such scrupulous reflection as had marked his\\nprevious changes.\\nIt was his habit to consider thoughtfully and prayer-\\nfully, every proposal involving new lines of labor, confi-\\ndent that the hand of God would lead and uphold him,\\nif he were but trustful in decision and trusty in action.\\n37", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nThis characteristic made possible the satisfying serenity\\nwhich was his when circumstances and judgment had\\ncommitted him to a locaUty or a labor. His faith be-\\ncame exaltation in the time of perplexities, and tran-\\nquillity in everyday adjustment of temporal things. When\\nhe had, after long hesitation, decided to buy the house\\nwhich was his first Elmira property, the business was\\nconcluded a few hours before a letter was received offer-\\ning him the Principalship of the State Normal School at\\nFredonia, N. Y., with a considerable advance of salary.\\nHe wrote Mrs. Steele\\nI made the payment on the house at one o clock. In\\nthat evening s mail I received the inclosed letter. Of course\\nit comes too late, but I am not in the least unsettled by it.\\nThe rather it fixes my conviction that I am destined to re-\\nmain here, and I cannot but consider the whole train of cir-\\ncumstances providential. Else why should everything\\ncombine to settle me here It would now require an effort\\nfor me to leave. I have bought the house, and furniture,\\nand the garden is made. The offer of five hundred dollars\\nmore a year is no inducement to break up. Wednesday\\nmorning it might have been Friday night it was not.\\nThis Christian philosophy became sublime in the\\nordeals of existence. In a sermon of loving sorrow and\\nsympathy, at a memorial service in the autumn of 1872,\\nfor the Rev. Charles Z. Case, a beloved pastor of the\\nFirst Methodist Episcopal Church of Elmira, he spoke\\nthus\\nO, my brethren, this is a strange world in which we live\\nso full of mystery, of doubt, of peril, of perplexity, of\\nstrange Providences. We cannot understand them all, but\\nwe can keep our faith We know not now, but we\\nshall know hereafter.\\n-^8", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "At Newark\\nIn the Baptistery of the Cathedral at Pisa is a wonderful\\ndome. Every sound made in the building, the slamming of\\nseats, the trampling of feet, all the murmur and bustle of the\\ncrowd is caught up by this great vault, softened, harmonized,\\nblended, and echoed back in music. So it seems to me that\\nover life hangs the great dome of God s providence. Every\\nweak effort we make, our mistakes even, all the jar and\\nbustle, all our doubts and perplexities, shall be caught up by\\nit, and, softened, harmonized, and blended, shall come back\\nto us at last in the sweet music of Heaven.\\nNearly ten years later he expressed in a letter to\\nGeneral Barnes that steadfast reliance on God which\\ncould trust Him though He slay\\nDec. 2S, 1881 One of my college classmates fell dead\\nlast month in the vigor of his manhood. Such tidings not\\nonly awaken my sympathy, but set me wondering when\\nmy turn will come for the lightning stroke to fall. Well,\\nthe only way is to do our work honestly and carefully, and\\nlet God take care of us all. We cattU go until our work is\\ndone.\\nA man with such a faith found it possible, on de-\\nmand, to forget his weariness and to front new and try-\\ning conditions of schoolroom work. In less than two\\nmonths from the day on which he first heard the propo-\\nsition of the Elmira committee, he had begun his six\\nyears of High School administration in Elmira. Here\\nhe soon won the attention of educators everywhere, and\\nwas led out into that large and pioneer career of school-\\nbook authorship which shook the dry bones of lifeless\\ninstruction and imparted a strong and enduring vitality.\\nMuch correspondence and printed matter show how\\ndeeply the removal touched both himself and those\\nfrom whom he parted. A Newark editorial spoke of\\n39", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nthe distinct advance in general intelligence which had\\ngrown out of the enterprises of the school. It noted the\\nhigher standard of classification and scholarship, and\\nespecially the fact that, in direct opposition to the\\ndetermination of the State not to place such depart-\\nments in Union Schools, it had established in Newark a\\nclass in the science of Common School teaching. This\\nclass had greatly raised the grade of instruction in sur-\\nrounding districts.\\nOne editorial said\\nNothing tends to correct the morals and add to the im-\\nportance of a village more than a good school. We venture\\nto say there is not a village on the line of the canal, between\\nAlbany and Buffalo, where the youth are so well-behaved as\\nhere. This should be largely attributed to our school.\\nEvery interest in the community brought its word of\\nregret to the departing principal. An earnest and affec-\\ntionate letter from the Newark pastors, representing\\nother denominations than his own, was especially prized\\nby Dr. Steele and always carefully preserved. You\\nmay find, it said, a. wider and more acceptable field\\nelsewhere, but you will nowhere find more attached and\\nsympathetic friends.\\nThe genuine love and esteem in the hearts of high\\nand humble, which lamented separation and put earnest\\ngood-will into words, followed the young professor when\\nhe passed from the limits of the little town, and counted\\nhim one of their own through many changing years.\\nFor in their midst he had already clearly divined the\\ntrue import of his vocation.\\n40", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI\\nELMIRA FREE ACADEMY\\nTHE reasons why Elmira Free Academy had become\\nthe despair of its friends, are those of a past local\\ninterest and not necessary to these pages. Patronized\\nby rich and poor alike, it contained material for the best\\nscholarship and development. But it had become, by\\nthe mismanagement of those in authority and by the\\nconsequent trespasses of those in attendance, a place\\nwhere the high spirits, thoughtless mischief-making, and\\ndeliberate rebellion of ungoverned young people found\\nample vent and were a constant cause of confusion.\\nElmira was in 1866 a young city, not yet accustomed\\nto its civic dignity, and but lately the centre of civil war\\nexcitements and discomposures. Its social and educa-\\ntional conditions were those of a town neither urban nor\\nrural. Its population was of excellent general intelli-\\ngence, ambitious, increasingly prosperous and public-\\nspirited, and it numbered among its residents some\\nalready famed as schoolmen, theologians, and politi-\\ncians. But it had not yet many who were united as the\\nexponents of broad doctrines, nor had there yet been\\nformed the large and small associations, now so common,\\nwherein are exchanged the thoughts that enter into the\\nhigher life of communities. Indeed the consideration\\nof sociological and pedagogical problems had not, as yet,\\nspread to any great extent beyond literary and university\\ncentres.\\n41", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nWhoever then stood in the chapel of Elmira Free\\nAcademy to advocate or introduce ideas of disciphne\\nstrange both to student and citizen, must brave misap-\\nprehension, adverse criticism, and the lamentations of\\nsuch as mourn for those that break through old hori-\\nzons and leave the known paths wherein their fathers\\nwalked, to bring back new truths and tokens of a better\\nland.\\nThe marvel wrought by the slender, gentle young man\\nof thirty, who undertook his work under these conditions,\\nmust ever remain notable in the local and State history\\nof schools. The influence of his theory and practice of\\nself-government, as applied to the schoolroom, is still\\nfelt and acknowledged both by members of the profes-\\nsion and those that were his pupils.\\nOne of the latter, who became a member of the\\nacademy faculty and did a high grade of work until her\\nmarriage to a St. Louis physician, after Dr. Steele s death\\nwrote to Mrs. Steele\\nWhen I was a schoolgirl we were almost hero-worship-\\npers of your husband. Now that I am a mature woman\\nwith a somewhat wider observation of schools than many\\nhave, and with a varied school experience of my own, I am\\nbetter fitted for correct judgment of Professor Steele s abihty\\nas a teacher. Looking through the clearer eyes of these\\nless impassioned years I can say with unexaggerated empha-\\nsis, that among all the able and brilliant educators I have\\never known, your husband led the whole line in his marvel-\\nlous rousing of esprit de corps among his pupils. His ideals\\nand his wishes were to his enthusiastic pupils like those of\\nthe Little Corporal of France to French warriors. My\\nown class of 1870 is scattered from Japan to Germany, and\\nthrough that far-extended arc the tribute of gratitude to him\\nwho has gone higher has uninterrupted course.\\n42", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "Elmira Free Academy\\nThe editor of this book, at some pains, has gathered\\ninformation as to the later years of this class, and finds\\nthat each, with scarcely an exception, has been an honor\\nto all, from Clement D. Bainbridge, the particularly\\nbright salutatorian, who became an actor of professional\\nand personal good repute, to the brilliant valedictorian,\\nJacob Sloat Fassett, who studied law, was admitted to\\nthe bar, served his State as Senator, was by President\\nHarrison appointed Collector of the Port of New York\\nCity, and made a famous fight for the Governorship.\\nOthers have attained more than ordinary distinction,\\nwhile the business men, wives, and mothers who survive\\nare all held in highest respect. The three or four who\\nhave died have left precious memories. It would seem\\nthat the fair and fortunate lives of this class are like a\\nbeautiful answer to the last chapel prayer made for them\\nby their devoted teacher, in which he pleaded Heav-\\nenly Father, keep their eyes from tears, their feet from\\nstraying, and their souls from death.\\nFurther examinations of lists of academy students\\nwho were enrolled during Professor Steele s principal-\\nship give a remarkable showing of unblemished history.\\nAnd the affectionate acknowledgments of those who\\nspeak or write of their old teacher are inspiring. One\\nof the most gifted, who has made herself felt in litera-\\nture and a learned profession, has written\\nMy first and best memory of Professor Steele, as to the\\nremarkable quality of his teaching, was his method of ap-\\nproach to a difficult subject. I remained a student, in this\\ncountry and abroad, for seven years after I left the Academy,\\nand though I heard many a brilliant professor lecture on\\nvarious subjects, scientific and literary, I never took my note-\\nbook without blessing the man who taught me how to make", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\na place in my own mind for what I heard, how to unite\\nthe new with the old so as to make one body of thought.\\nKnowledge piecemeal was one of his abhorrences.\\nWoe to the student who adopted a forlorn phrase from\\nnowhere, however wise, if it did not supplement the thought\\nof yesterday. In any given subject, the day s recitation\\nmust neatly join that of the day before or one s work was a\\nfailure.\\nBut there was no severe, offensive reproof. The happy\\njest with which he would salute a flagrant error, would fix\\nthe correction forever in the mind and doubly endear the\\nteacher.\\nThe impression made on the spiritual natures of the\\nyoung is well expressed by the following extracts from\\nletters written after his death. Says one\\nThe daily Academy exercises began with Scripture\\nreading. The fourteenth chapter of St. John was one of his\\nfavorites. In the prayer following his impressive reading he\\nwould often address the Deity as Our divine Master and\\nTeacher and ask Him to Take in Thy great, loving hand\\nall our hands, and guide us this day.\\nWrites a physician of Buffalo, N. Y.\\nAbove all, the conduct of morning worship holds place\\nin my remembrance. The best I can say of those prayers\\nis that they could and did inspire a child a busy, breathing,\\nhappy school-child to rejoice in the God of all wisdom\\nand knowledge. And after that joy it was not strange that\\nthe child should know the beauty of honor and realize that\\nother forms of learning, of whatever department, could never\\nafterward seem separate from religion.\\nI became his pupil, said another, when about fourteen\\nyears of age. The school had been very turbulent for\\nmonths before he came, but his gracious sympathy and\\npresence at once won the respect and co-operation of the\\nscholars. He gave them perfect freedom, but put them on\\n44", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "Elmira Free Academy\\ntheir honor not to take undue advantage of the liberty. He\\nmade them feel from the beginning that he was their friend.\\nHe had a keen sense of justice, but was very willing to over-\\nlook a fault. I never saw him angry or severe.\\nBeing one of the head pupils I had the privilege of\\nstudying in his private office. This gave me better oppor-\\ntunities for studying his character, and I always felt he was\\nan earnest Christian. I can see him now, as he stood at\\nhis desk, reading the one hundred and third Psalm one\\nof his favorite selections.\\nOf his theory and practice of discipline, countless\\ncommendations have been spoken and written. And it\\nis easy to see that nothing could have been more\\npractical.\\nThe self-government of his school, testifies one who\\nhad experienced its force, had no pretence about it. It was\\na real republic of honor. In all true sense of government\\nwe were no more school children than college men are. In\\nfact when I went to college I found to my dismay that I had\\ntaken a long step backward in methods of school discipline.\\nIt was only when I found myself in a State University, years\\nafterward, that I returned to the freedom and self-respect in\\nmatters of school-life that Professor Steele created by reason\\nof his own belief in nascent man and woman in every boy\\nand girl in his School. His question, when a misdemeanor\\ntook place, was not How do I, your teacher, intend to pun-\\nish you but, What effect will your act have on the stand-\\ning of your class, and on the progress of the scholars below\\nyou in the school This point of view always had a good\\neffect.\\nOnce when the literary society had a sleigh ride down\\nthe river, to the home of one of its members, writes Miss\\nsome one closed the door of the room in which\\nProfessor Steele was, so that we might dance in the next\\nroom. As soon as he was aware of it he walked indignantly\\nto the door, opened it, and said I am willing you should\\n45", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\namuse yourselves by dancing, but not as if it must be under-\\nhand work, behind closed doors.\\nAnother tribute mentions the injunctions of Dr. Steele\\nin his endeavors to aid his pupils in the education of\\ntheir consciences, and tells how he liked to quote the\\nwords of Washington Labor to keep alive in your\\nbreast that little spark of celestial fire called conscience.\\nThe phenomenal progress of the academy in all par-\\nticulars of discipline and scholarship, won, in natural\\norder, the Board of Education, the patrons, the citizens\\ngenerally, and the city press. His system of manage-\\nment was declared correct and profitable. The follow-\\ning are a few words from a city editorial\\nIn less than a year the Academy has entered upon a new\\nera of progress and the principal has won golden opinions.\\nHe is professionally and personally popular the right man\\nin the right place.\\nOne paragraph from a letter written to Mrs. Steele in\\nJanuary, 1867, when she was visiting at his father s\\nhome, contains the only privately written words he has\\nleft expressing his personal satisfaction\\nTell Father that my plan of government by the con-\\nscience is waxing better than at first. I pay almost no at-\\ntention to my schoolroom. I could leave it without any\\ndifficulty from morning till night without any disorder or\\nannoying conditions. I never felt so delighted with the\\nmethod. It is the philosopher s stone to me. It saves me\\nhalf my work and accomplishes better results. It governs\\nwhere I cannot be. It creates a moral sentiment. It corrects\\nwhere I am ignorant of any wrong.\\nThere is preserved among Dr. Steele s effects a worn,\\nblack-bound volume of many pages, on the fly-leaf of\\n46", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "r N\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2i:\\nJOEL DORMAX STEELE\\nFrom Marble Bust by Cofikfy", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "Elmira Free Academy\\nwhich is written by his youthful hand the inscription,\\nEssays, Orations, and addresses by J. Dorman Steele,\\nNew York. Among them is his first college chapel\\npiece, read April, 1858, when he was not quite twenty-\\ntwo. It is in part here quoted as a remarkable fore-\\nrunner of the principles of his later life. It is entitled,\\nWhy is Man a Slave?\\nThe idea that man is born free, it says, may be true,\\nbut he does not grow up thus. This is the result of his\\neducation. The child is helpless he is taught to rely upon\\nsuperior strength. The child is ignorant; he is taught to\\nlisten reverently to the teachings of wisdom. If he should\\nmanifest the spirit which should ever characterize true,\\nmanly dignity, it must be repressed. If he seek to use the\\nbirthright of liberty, parental hands inflict punishment.\\nHe is taught to believe that his noblest acts are acts of\\nobedience.\\nBut because a child ought to obey, does it follow that\\nhe has no intellect to be consulted, no judgment that may\\ndictate Is the parent to mould the child after his\\nown image in thought, look, and act, or is it not rather his\\nduty to develop that mind which he already has teach\\nhim that his own intellect is to be his reliance his own\\nopinions his guide his own hands are to carve his destiny?\\nThat is a true education which teaches the child to rely\\nupon itself; a false, which teaches a reliance on others.\\nMany parents seem to have an idea that they can shape\\nthe habits, thoughts, and aspirations of a child as they would\\nwhittle out an arrow and shoot it straight down the pathway\\nof virtue and honor. When they realize that there\\nmust exist and be practised in early life, all those virtues\\nthat are to adorn manhood s prime then may we hope for\\na race of free, independent minds.\\nTo the degrading system of education commonly pur-\\nsued, should be ascribed the cringing servility of the mass\\nof men at the present time. A child taught to be the pas-\\n47", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nsive executor of another s will, of necessity makes a fawn-\\ning sycophant, a pliant tool of party intrigue, a limber\\nsapling swaying in the breeze of public sentiment. In fact,\\nhe only carries into practical life the teachings of his boy-\\nhood when he yields his conscience, his will, his judgment,\\nhis manhood, to the parental hand of his political guardian.\\nHis history is the history of indecision. He goes through\\nlife groaning under burdens grievous to be borne. He\\nbecomes a bondsman sold to the service of public opinion.\\nThe intrinsic worth of such thoughts and conclusions,\\nand their precocity in a mere youth, show how his\\nmodesty underrated the natural powers of his mind,\\nwhen in April, 1886, he stated in his autobiographical\\nsketch\\nAt Lima I found myself brought into competition\\nwith young men of greater ability. However, I had\\none gift, that of perseverance. It was a great solace\\nto me to recall how, in the fable, the tortoise won the race\\nwith the hare.\\nIn good truth that was a rare tortoise who could\\nmake such observations as it passed along, and could\\narrive so soon at foundation truths, which often are\\nonly reached far on in the competitions of life s journey.\\nDr. Steele s innovation in school government was, of\\ncourse, bound to attract attention beyond the borders\\nof that section affected by it. Critics and inquirers\\nbegan to visit the school. Outside papers commented\\non the new idea and its workings, and its originator\\nwas called upon to explain his system. He re-\\nsponded at institutes, State associations, convocations,\\nand through educational journals. Finally he put his\\nfullest thought into two valuable lectures, that became\\nimmediately popular, always remaining in high favor.\\n48", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "Elmira Free Academy\\nThese were School Government, A Plain Talk to\\nTeachers, and The Teacher s Aim. On the title-\\npage of the former, not long before his death he\\nwrote This lecture I stand by as my best thought\\nand experience.\\nThese lectures are here introduced their vigorous\\nEnglish, unaffected construction, single purpose and\\nsincere words of rebuke and encouragement, are an\\neloquent elucidation of that which made E. F. A.\\nas Elmira Free Academy was and is locally known a\\nname to conjure with.\\n49", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII\\nSCHOOL GOVERNMENT!\\nBY JOEL DORMAN STEELE\\nORDER is a prime necessity of school. Noise\\nand bustle confuse the studious and give rogues\\nan opportunity to ply their trade. Lack of firmness on\\nthe part of a teacher forfeits the confidence of the\\npupil. Scholars respect nerve and force. They know\\nthat certain offences merit punishment, and if the oc-\\ncasion be allowed to drift by, and no authority be\\nshown, no discipline inflicted, in their souls they say\\nthe teacher has done wrong.\\nIf the offender can beg off by a kiss or a coax, he may\\nbe very thankful to escape, but afterward he despises\\nthe teacher for his lack of energy. In the long run, that\\nteacher is best sustained who errs, if at all, on the side\\nof strict discipline. Nothing should ever be done with-\\nout silence. When the schoolroom is noisy, everything\\nshould come to a stand until quiet is restored.\\nJust here, however, is a vital error. Order is a\\nmeans, not an end. Order is good, but it is only a\\nnegative virtue. We want positive ones. When a new\\npupil comes to school he should not be told to keep\\nstill, but to go to work. When the attention is all ab-\\nsorbed there is no chance for disorder.\\nIn connection with this lies a crumb of comfort.\\nActivity is the normal condition of childhood. Young\\nmuscles and young brains will be in motion. They\\n1 Written 1S71. Rewritten 1S76.\\n50", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nshould be. That is the way they grow. The restless-\\nness, the proneness of childhood to mischief, is only the\\nnatural impulse to that action which is essential to all\\nhealth and vigor. Without it the child would never\\nmature into the man. The teacher should rejoice, not\\nmourn, over this propensity. A listless, inactive, inat-\\ntentive, pensive, stupid child presents no possibility of\\ntraining or development. Give me a boy or a girl, full\\nof fun and animation, bent on mischief and roguery, and\\nthere is a chance to do something. There is a power,\\na force, back of it all, and I have only to turn it into the\\nright channel and I shall have a glorious scholar by and\\nby a glorious man or woman, with a brain like a\\nsteam engine that is bound to run through and I\\nhave the satisfaction of having put it on the track.\\nAs I said a moment ago, order is a necessity for\\ngood work. Many pupils cannot study amid confusion,\\nand, moreover, noise gives a chance for rogues to ply\\ntheir tricks undetected. Like all good things, how-\\never, order may be overdiOViQ as well as undergone.. A\\nsilence that oppresses, a dead silence the breaking of\\nwhich by the accidental dropping of a pencil is ac-\\ncounted a heinous crime is not healthy. It is para-\\nlyzing, benumbing. I have known pupils in such schools\\nwhose nerves were constantly strained lest they might\\nby chance disturb the iron grasp of law, and who told\\nme that they actually devoted more mental force to\\nkeeping still than to learning their lessons. I have\\nheard teachers say In my room I ajn the Autocrat\\nof the RussiasT So, indeed, some principals are ab-\\nsolute despots. They act as if they were amenable to\\nno law of God or of man. They are the incarnation of\\nlaw and order. Every rule is merely a manifestation\\n51", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nof their will. Every offence is looked upon as a per-\\nsonal indignity. The highest crime, and the one that\\nbrings down the direst punishment, is disobedience to\\nthe teacher, not to law\\nYou remember the story told of that celebrated\\nEnglish master, who, when the King paid him a visit,\\nfollowed him about the schoolroom with covered head.\\nOn reaching the entry, however, he doffed his hat,\\nbegged the King s pardon, assuring him that it would\\nruin his government if the children supposed for an\\ninstant that there was a higher authority than his any-\\nwhere in the kingdom. Now it seems to me that a\\ncontrol of this kind is the easiest thing in the world to\\nestablish and maintain. The teacher needs only a\\nstrong will. There is very little weighing of motives.\\nHis government is a concretion, not an abstraction. A\\nset of rules is laid down which covers all ordinary cases\\nwhispering, leaving seats, talking, writing, or passing\\nnotes, on the negative side, e., the varied forms of\\ncommunication are forbidden and on the positive side,\\nsilence and study are enjoined. Then the master mounts\\nhis throne and watches for offenders. A reign of terror\\nis established. War is tacitly declared. The pupil looks\\nupon the teacher as his natural, born enemy at any\\nrate as one who loves to circumscribe his liberty, and\\nwho seeks to circumvent him in his highest earthly\\ndelight. Hence, he is constantly on the watch to do\\nwhat is forbidden, while the teacher s wits are equally\\ntaxed to detect and punish these sins.\\nHow often does a company of boys and girls as-\\nsemble in a room and deliberately set about devising\\na plan to get around the teacher. In defence,\\nthe Faculty combines to outgeneral the scholars. It is\\n52", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nmerely a trick of cunning on both sides. Woe to the\\nunlucky wight caught transgressing I myself have seen,\\nin this state of New York, a one-half inch black walnut\\nrule broken into halves, and these in turn into smaller\\npieces, upon the hand of a boy who dared to whisper.\\nEven where corporal punishment is rarely administered,\\nthe heavy voice of the master easily subdues all oppo-\\nsition. There are enough penalties which a fertile im-\\nagination can conceive, wherewith to overpower all but\\nthe most refractory. The teacher may not intend it and\\nmay not himself be aware of it, but the real power\\nwhich governs his school xs/ear f\\nNow fear is the lowest motive to which we can ap-\\npeal. Just in the degree to which it becomes operative\\non the mind of a child does it call out the basest type\\nof character. It moulds most those who are cowardly\\nand craven-hearted. The high-spirited, noble, generous,\\nrevolt at such submission and throw off even the whole-\\nsome restraints of school, and thus lose all the benefits\\nof discipline. Every effort is made to shield the offender.\\nAny pupil punished is looked upon as a martyr. The\\nsympathy of the school is with the transgressor and not\\nthe teacher. Expulsion, since it indicates spirit and\\nspunk, is privately considered by the boys about as\\nhonorable as graduation. Indeed, I know of a school\\nwhere the ideal hero, among the boys, is one who can\\ntake a ferruling without crying.\\nI have said that such a mode of punishment is the\\neasiest for a teacher. I am quite inclined to say it is,\\nalso, for the scholar. He has no wear and tear of con-\\nscience. He rarely or never needs to stop and consider\\nwhether an act be right or wrong. The teacher is con-\\nscience for the whole school. He commands certain\\n53", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nthings and forbids certain others. Circumstances there\\nalter no cases. A scholar never need be in doubt what\\nto do. He simply drops into the net and lets the strong\\nwill of the teacher push him ahead. The teacher s\\ncourse is clear. The scholar s is as plainly marked.\\nNeither kind of government which I have described\\nrequires much brain anywhere. A ready-made clothing\\nstore never needs a high-priced tailor. It is only when\\nyou have to fit the form that cutting and shaping come\\nin play and skill is needed.\\nThis mode of governing a school seems to me to fail,\\njust because it is thus general and applies to all a cast-\\niron principle. I candidly admit that I cannot enforce\\na series of particular rules. (Of course I do not mean\\nsuch ones as Boards of Education adopt, against using\\ntobacco, gambling, and for the protection of their prop-\\nerty.) I cannot keep these set rules myself. They are\\nin my way more than iu that of the pupils. Exceptions\\narise at once and a rule, like a mirror, once broken,\\nis useless.\\nWith very young children there must be special in-\\njunctions and prohibitions, and with some more than\\nothers growing out of the diversities of character,\\nhome government, disposition, and other causes. But\\nwith older children say those from ten to fifteen, I\\nfind arbitrary rules unwieldy, and, with those of older\\nyears, absolutely unmanageable. I must weigh the\\nmotives of an act. I cannot be conscience for a hun-\\ndred boys and girls. It is more than I can do to be\\nconscience for myself. I cannot enter into the pene-\\ntralia of their hearts and decide questions of right and\\nwrong. God has given to each a conscience as He has\\nto me. It is my right and duty to compel its use. It\\n54", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nmay be that He reveals His will as clearly to their minds\\nas to mine. Perhaps I do not magnify my calling suffi-\\nciently, but I do think that sometimes the truth comes\\nto man through pupil as well as through teacher.\\nI read in the Good Book that God writes his law on\\nthe tender hearts of babes and sucklings, and my mouth\\nis stopped and my heart is softened thereby. When,\\ntherefore, a child commits a wrong, I desire to hold him\\nresponsible, not to a rule of school, as if that were re-\\nvealed on Mount Sinai, but to his own conscience.\\nI wish, untrammelled by precedents, pledges, or threats,\\nto examine each by itself, with all its surroundings, in-\\ncluding the temperament and home-training of the child\\nand then to do what is best. We are told, Punish-\\nment is admonitory in its character. This theory may\\ndo when we are talking about childhood in general, and\\nnobody s child in particular. But I should not like to\\nhave a teacher flog my boy, to keep some one else s boy\\nfrom doing wrong.\\nI never can tell beforehand what I may wish to do,\\nor what a pupil should do, in an emergency. W^hen Dr.\\nHitchcock, who was settled in Sandwich, made his first\\nexchange with the Plymouth minister, he must needs\\npass through the Plymouth woods, a nine-miles wilder-\\nness, where travellers almost always got lost and fre-\\nquently came out at the point where they started. The\\ndoctor, on entering this dreaded labyrinth, asked an old\\nwoman whom he met, to give him some directions that\\nhe might fetch up at Plymouth and not at Sandwich.\\nCertainly, said she, you keep right on till you get\\nto a place where the road branches off in almost every\\ndirection. Then you stop and think, and think, and\\nthink And then take the road which seems most\\n55", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nlikely to bring you out right. The Doctor did so and\\nemerged from the woods, at Plymouth, as he wished.\\nI think there is a great deal of good common sense\\nin the old woman s advice. A teacher must go ahead,\\nand when the emergency arises, just stop and think, and\\nthink, and think, and then take the course which seems\\nbest.\\nThe point I wish to make from all this discussion is\\nnot that flogging is never essential not that special\\nrules are cumbersome not that fear should never be\\nappealed to not that stern discipline is not needed in\\nschool, but this, that there should be no ivholesale mode\\nof government. No one plan will answer for all schools,\\nnor for all scholars, nor indeed for all teachers. No one\\ncan ride another s hobby and win the race. He will be\\nlucky if he is not thrown entirely. Some years ago a\\nyoung teacher at an Institute heard a famous educa-\\ntionist commend the idea of discarding reading books\\nand using in their place the daily newspaper. The\\npedagogic seed sprouted in the brain of our youthful\\nPestalozzi. He was a Republican and he naturally\\nturned to his party organ. So the next day the class\\nexpounded the gospel according to Greeley. Unfor-\\ntunately for the experiment, the district was Democratic\\nalmost to a man. Need I say that ere long, that\\neager aspirant after educational honors might have been\\nseen sorrowfully wending his way to the railroad station,\\nhis satchel in one hand, a bundle of Tribunes in the\\nother?\\nA plan which works to-day may fail to-morrow.\\nWhat hits one class may go wide of the next. The true\\nteacher is a man of expedients, of keen intuition, of\\nquick application, and of wise judgment. When I need\\n56", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nhis help I do not care half so much about the school\\nof the physician as I do about his skill. I understand,\\nlikewise, that more depends on the skill of the teacher\\nthan on the excellency of any plan. So, I care more\\nfor a teacher s spirit than his mode of government.\\nI think every method of government has its place.\\nWith most young children there are times when corporal\\npunishment, for example, is absolutely needed. When\\nparents do their duty this time will, generally, be passed\\nbefore the teacher s work begins. No well-home-\\nTR.\\\\INED BOY NEEDS FLOGGING IN SCHOOL But We mUSt\\nsupplement the deficiencies of many homes. The boy or\\ngirl may come to our care with no foundation upon\\nwhich we can build. Other expedients fail. At last we\\nstand face to face with this the final resort. I deem it\\none of the supreme moments of a teacher s life. Flog-\\nging may soften it may harden. Difficult, indeed, is it\\nto decide. If a teacher ever needs to feel his responsi-\\nbility, ever needs to pray for Divine guidance, it is then,\\nwhen he approaches the ultima Thule of his methods of\\nreform. No one can ever occupy the position he does\\nhe never can do it himself again. The second punish-\\nment, like the second narcotic, never has the effect of\\nthe first. The spirit, the mode all go to decide the\\ndestiny of an immortal soul.\\nI have now hacked down the brush from every side\\nthat I might come squarely up before this thought\\nEach scholar has a soul, with its individual reason, will,\\nconscience, responsibility, and destiny. We should\\nseek to develop that soul according to the peculiarities\\nwhich God has stamped upon it, not according to any\\nwhims or notions we have formed or any nice plans\\nwe have adopted. Souls were made before schools, and\\n57", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nwe must adapt ourselves and our systems to them. In\\ndealing with each we must weigh, and balance, and\\npray, and think, and strive to develop that soul accord-\\ning to the laws of its growth. There is a boy who is\\nsoon to go forth into life, to take up its heavy burdens,\\nto meet its terrible temptations, perchance to shape\\nthe destinies of church and state. I am projecting his\\nsoul out upon a path that will Hft him high as Heaven,\\nor sink him deep as Hell. He is to be planted in some\\nhousehold where he is to grow up, thrusting his roots\\ndown deep, spreading his branches out wide, sheltering,\\nsupporting, beautifying. With this outlook, the petty\\nquestions of parsing sentences, and solving problems,\\nshrink into insignificance In the grand thought of\\nthat boy s future, I catch the inspiration of the nobler\\nmotive, the higher aim, and the grander truth. True,\\nhe is only a poor printer s boy, but he may become a\\nFranklin and bring down lightning from the clouds.\\nHe is only a rough sailor lad, but he may become\\na Columbus, and discover a new world. He is only a\\nlittle apple-peddler, but he may accumulate a fortune\\nand become a John Jacob Astor. He is a wretched\\nspeaker, and last week broke down, flat, in his declama-\\ntion, but he may become a Daniel Webster and shape\\nthe policy of the nation. How grand it would be if I\\ncould so mould and round out that boy s character as\\nto make it uniform and consistent if, by my exertions,\\nthe future Franklin should be a Christian philosopher,\\nseeing God in the flashing lightning and hearing Him\\nin the rolling thunder if the future Columbus should\\nbe mild and amiable, knowing that it is more glorious to\\nexplore and subdue the world of passion within than\\nto discover and conquer a continent if the future\\n5S", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nWebster should be frugal and temperate, feeling that\\nhe who restrams and controls his own appetites is a\\nwiser man than he who guides the counsels of a nation\\nif the future John Jacob Astor should be a benevolent,\\nwhole-souled man, making the arid desert of selfishness\\nabout him to bud and blossom like the rose beneath\\nthe stream of his loving benefactions.\\nSome one said to Franklin What is the good of\\nyour discoveries? You say electricity and lightning are\\nidentical but what of that?\\nWhat good is there in a boy, replied the philoso-\\npher, but that he may become a man?\\nHere are the high thought and purpose here the\\ngrand motive and inspiration of the teacher. He realizes\\nthat manhood and womanhood are just before, waiting\\nto crown the lives of his pupils. I said, just now, that\\nthis thought shrivels up the petty questions of parsing\\nand ciphering. Let me say it somehow gives to them\\na new and startling significance. The master looks at\\nhis pupils and realizes that what are now only acorns in\\nthe young brain will become oaks in the old heads that\\nthe passions and motives which people call childishness\\nwill not be outgrown but only overgro7un, and so all that\\nhe wants them to become hereafter, they must be now.\\nAre his children to be noble, generous, diligent, truthful\\nme?i and women, then they must be noble, generous,\\ndiligent, truthful boys and gir/s.\\nSome years ago I was appointed to conduct an exami-\\nnation of teachers in a large city. Having distributed\\nthe printed lists of questions, I sat at my desk quietly\\nwatching the progress of events. Tell it not in Gath,\\nnor mention it in Askalon. Those teachers practised all\\nthe petty tricks of children, which they had learned in\\n59", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\ntheir earlier days and whicli tliey had so often rebuked\\nin school. With amazement I saw men and women\\nmaking use of all the mean subterfuges and transparent\\npretences so familiar to every teacher. In a word I saw\\nteachers doing that which they had often pronounced,\\nin the schoolroom, despicable, unmanly, and treacherous.\\nYet they never blushed, nor winced. I said nothing\\nI only bitterly wondered how they would conduct the\\nnext examination in their own classes. With what face\\ncould they reprove in others that which they did\\nthemselves\\nSchool life should be like real life. All the motives\\nand sentiments which actuate society should be used\\nto regulate school. Whatever is mean and low in one\\nshould be stamped as mean and low in the other. A\\nmodel society should be established. The teacher should\\nconsider his pupils to be ladies and gentlemen in thought\\nand feeling, if not in stature. At a certain school not\\nlong since I noticed a girl asking a teacher a civil ques-\\ntion. She received the gruff reply Why do you\\nbother me with such questions? Go to the dictionary.\\nIf that girl s mother had made the query the teacher s\\nmanner would have been quite different, and with all\\nsuavity she would have proceeded to explain the point.\\nTeachers should defer to the reasonable wishes of\\npupils, address them courteously, grant them favors\\nwhenever possible, and never, without good cause,\\ndoubt their honor. Briefly, the teacher should treat\\nhis pupils as he does ladies and gentlemen in society.\\nIn turn, he should expect from them the same consider-\\nation. Like begets like. Such a teacher will rear\\nsuch scholars.\\nPublic sentiment should be created and cultivated.\\n60", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nNo measure should be adopted which the good sense\\nof the scholars does not indorse. No law can be en-\\nforced unless the general sentiment is in its favor. No\\nfalse feeling of dignity should, therefore, lead a teacher\\nto carry out any measure which the school disapproves.\\nPublic opinion should be so strong and so right, that\\nif an idle pupil comes into the school, he will find the\\npressure irresistible, and will either be overcome at once\\nand melt down into the mass, or be squeezed out and\\nforced to leave in disgust. The reason of every measure\\nshould be explained. The vicious and indolent will then\\nfind no encouragement. All the sympathy will be on\\nthe side of the teacher.\\nJust so far as possible the pupils should make the\\nminor regulations and establish the customs of the insti-\\ntution. These may be revised as often as the teacher\\nand pupils, on mutual conference, shall deem desirable.\\nThe teacher should so identify himself with the pupils,\\nthat they shall be felt to be laboring together for a\\ncommon purpose, and that they ought therefore to be\\ngenerous, confiding, and helpful to each other.\\nThe pupil should be constantly made to feel the bear-\\ning of all his studies, of all the requirements of school,\\nof all its restraints and discipline, upon his after life.\\nHe should not simply be told, in glittering generalities,\\nthat an education is a good thing to have in the house,\\nbut he should be taught to watch for the influence of\\neach habit and action upon his character. He should see\\nhow promptness in school is only the antecedent to\\npromptness in business how thoroughness in one s\\nstudies develops a noble, valuable trait of mind how\\na spirit of industry will help to make him a successful\\nbusiness man how neatness, kindness, politeness, be-\\n6i", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nnevolence, thoughtfulness and love, are to be grown as\\nbeautiful traits which will adorn him for life s work\\nand that all these will do him more good than even\\nLatin or Greek, in the grand struggle for virtue, power,\\nand wealth, the honors of this life and the life to come.\\nHow, in fine, he is to be each day just what he would\\nmost like to be by and by.\\nThese great truths should not be taught by dry,\\nformal, fault-finding lectures, every night at prayers,\\nwhen the pupil is tired out and only anxious to play\\nball or go to supper. They should be the vital air of\\nthe school. They should be inhaled at every breath.\\nThey should be felt as the motive power to all conduct.\\nThey should be assumed at all times and considered\\neverywhere, in class, in play, in conversation. No one\\nshould ever doubt them a moment, or hesitate in their\\napplication.\\nEvery act of school will thus take on a new and start-\\nling significance. The pupil will see that he must re-\\nstrain his momentary inclinations and private desires,\\nbecause of the general welfare that while there may be\\nno sin, per se, in certain common practices of school,\\nyet their effect on his own character is pernicious, and\\nvice versa, while certain modes of conduct may be of no\\ngreat importance of themselves, yet, in their reflex in-\\nfluence on himself and their direct influence on the\\nschool they are beneficial that every act which dis-\\nturbs the school or tarnishes its fair fame, is a personal\\ndamage to himself; that he is deeply interested in the\\nconstant preservation of good order; that his school\\nsociety may take on the highest possible tone, and that\\nhe may pursue his education under the best and most\\nfavorable circumstances that the teacher who is faith-\\n62", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nfully developing these truths is his best friend, and, as\\nhis own executive officer, is to be constantly and cor-\\ndially supported that always in the absence of a teacher\\nhe is to be more thoughtful than in his presence, since\\nthen the responsibility rests more directly upon him.\\nAs a result of all this, teacher and pupil are no longer\\nat war. Their spirit and effort are mutual. They are\\nfighting a common battle against sin and temptation.\\nShoulder to shoulder, they stand, eye to eye, facing one\\nfoe. The teacher is wiser and stronger, and so leads\\nthe column. The scholar, weaker, looks up for counsel\\nand guidance. The teacher watches the pupil to help\\nhim when he gets down, and to point out to him his\\nstrong and his weak points not to criticise and to\\npunish, to catch him at his peccadilloes and to show\\nup his faults. So day by day the hearts of teacher and\\nscholar are knit together by ties of sympathy, trust, and\\na fellowship of toil.\\nWhen a school is thus governed by an enlightened\\npublic sentiment, based on a sense of right and not on\\na teacher s dictum, there is constantly being developed\\nin every child that highest realization of all school dis-\\ncipline self-control. This is really the basis of such\\na mode of government; I do not know but I would\\nbetter have spoken of it earlier. It must always be\\npresupposed.\\nI have said each pupil must be assumed to have a\\nconscience. To this, constant appeals should be made.\\nIts dictates should be held sacred. When its decisions\\nare manifestly wrong, let it be corrected and cultivated,\\nbut never broken down or ridden over. He should be\\nmade to feel his accountability not to his teacher but to\\nhis God that the presence of a teacher neither makes\\n63", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nnor unmakes right, for that is eternal that teacher and\\npupil both stand in the Divine presence, each, in his\\nsphere, held to his work, and there can be no dodging.\\nLet the teacher walk thus before his school, holding fast\\nto his own conscience as he holds them to theirs, con-\\ntrolling himself as he teaches them to control themselves,\\nand day by day there will sink down into the minds of\\nhis pupils a noble principle of conduct, as they learn\\nthat sublimest of all arts the mastery of one s self.\\nInsensibly they will discover, not how to be gov-\\nerned, but how to govern not how to submit to rules,\\nbut to take rules on themselves not to keep petty\\nschool regulations, but to observe the great, grand,\\nbroad laws which underlie all human character and so-\\nciety. His pupils will go out from his school, and as\\nthey send back the word of cheer from the raging battle\\ninto which they have plunged, it will be Better than\\nall studies, better than all knowledge, was that power of\\nself-control I wrought out in my soul under your care.\\nThe pupil who watches his teacher for a chance to\\nplay the rogue knows nothing of self-government. The\\nteacher who has no confidence in his pupils, who dares\\nnot trust them in the schoolroom alone with the door\\nclosed behind him, but stands in the entry way with his\\nhand on the knob, the door ajar, one eye at the crack\\nand the other on his visitor, has something yet to learn\\nof school government. Eye-service is the meanest of\\nservice. Are scholars really getting any valuable training\\nin school that will last them until they step into real life, if\\nit has not force enough to bridge over a five-minute gap?\\nHas the teacher who plays the spy much confidence in\\nthe permanence of his work or the vitality of his instruc-\\ntion? His own distrust judges him but too fearfully.\\n64", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nThe difficulty with many teachers lies just here they\\nteach well enough their instructions are faultily fault-\\nless, icily regular, splendidly miliy No one can com-\\nplain of their discipline, only somehow it does not lasi\\nit does not take hold of the pupils. The system they\\nadopt is that of constant reproof. Visit their rooms\\nand you hear all the while John, stop that. Mary,\\ntend to your work. Sally, go to your seat. Every\\npeccadillo is marked every lapse from duty is chided.\\nTheir idea is to trim to chip off all scraggy offshoots\\nand ungainly branches, and bring the life into shape as\\none would bring a tree into a desired form. This con-\\nstant scolding frets the teacher, annoys the pupil, begets\\nill-will, and prevents the growth of any tender feelings\\nor warm affections. Besides, it is defective in principle.\\nIt works from the outside. Christ put it, From the\\nheart are the issues of life. If we would have a revolu-\\ntion in conduct, we must have a genuine conversion, an\\nentire change of purpose that is felt in the heart and\\nalong the life currents. We may lop off a fault here, but\\nthe same vigorous growth within thrusts out another\\nshoot yonder, and we have accomplished nothing. It\\nis mere change of base, not of action.\\nWe want a radical change. We should therefore\\ncease pruning and insert a bud at the root. New\\nmotives must actuate, new impulses be felt, new ideas\\nof life be formed.\\nWith very young children there must be, of course,\\nfrequent criticism and repression. But when a boy or\\ngirl is under our care six hours per day we can and\\nshould find out his bent of mind. We should study\\nhis character, his disposition, how to influence him, and\\nhow he needs influencing. We should get hold of him\\n5 65", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nin some way, reach the springs of action in his soul and\\nthen the work is done. After all, Inspii-ation is the\\ngreat work of the teacher. We may talk about methods\\nof government and modes of instruction, but give me the\\nteacher who can inspire with a new life, who can breathe\\ninto every soul the quickening forces of living truth, who\\ncan take a dull, listless boy and implant in his mind a\\ngreat thought that, working out his salvation, will mould\\nand transform his whole being. What becomes of arith-\\nmetic, grammar, or even geography by the side of such\\nHeaven-born results?\\nFellow-teachers, I prize the work of the schoolroom,\\nchiefly because in it character is made. I do not under-\\nvalue the English branches, the use of our mother-\\ntongue or the grander language of nature, but I look\\nupon all these studies as only the tools by which we\\nfashion souls. The end of school-life is not to Icani but\\nto train not to kmnv but to be. The lessons must be\\ncommitted, the examinations passed, the petty detail\\ngone through but none of these things, for themselves,\\nas an end. The multiplication table be it never so\\nwell learned, the intricacies of grammar however thor-\\noughly mastered, do not really and fully fit students for\\nlife and its responsibilities. It is the habits of thought,\\nthe quickness of apprehension, the thoroughness of exe-\\ncution, the power of adapting means to an end and\\norganizing success, the extent of self-control they have\\ndeveloped these form the permanent part of their\\nschool work. The scholar will soon forget the lessons\\nhe has learned, but the growth he has made is his for-\\never. When seen in this light the round of our daily\\ntoil, vexatious and tedious as it is, takes on a new and\\nstrange import. He who gains the highest secures all\\n66", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "School Government\\nbelow. Seek first the Kingdom of righteousness and all\\nthese things shall be added unto you. While struggling\\nin school after manhood and womanhood, somehow we\\nhave the best lessons, the liveliest recitations, the\\nsoundest discipline, and the truest order. Our hearts\\nare cheered as we see here a sluggish nature roused to\\naction, there a careless one fired with a better impulse,\\nand watch, stirring like leaven in the minds of all, those\\nhomely, old-time truths of virtue, purity, zeal, honor, and\\nfaith those celestial forces which bind the soul of man\\nto the soul of God.\\nThese remarks may seem to you too serious, too\\nsolemn may seem to lift the teacher s work up to a\\nlevel higher than most can reach, higher than you deem it\\nproper to attempt. When these words were penned, I\\nhad come to my desk from the freshly-closed grave of a\\nfavorite pupil. I may therefore perhaps be pardoned,\\nif my thoughts took on something of an outlook and an\\nuplook j if I thought less of the study and more of the\\nsoul, less of chemistry and more of character, less of\\nschool and more of life Walking as it were in the\\ncrypts of another existence, with the long shadows of\\neternity falling athwart my path, the beautiful, touch-\\ning words of Jeanie Deans, in her address to the queen,\\nkept ringing in my ears\\nWhen the hour of trouble comes to the mind or to\\nthe body and seldom may it visit your leddyship and\\nwhen the hour of death comes, that comes to high and low\\nlang and late may it be yours O, my leddy, then it isna\\nwhat we hae dune for oursels, but what we hae dune for\\nithers, that we think on maist pleasantly.\\n67", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII\\nTHE TEACHER S AIM\\nBY JOEL DORMAN STEELE\\nTHE flight of a projectile depends upon the aim of\\nthe gun. If that be downward the bullet is only\\nbattered to pieces on the gravel or perhaps digs its own\\ngrave in the soft soil not a fathom s distance from the\\nmuzzle. If that be upward there is a flame of fire, a\\nlong train of light and a glorious sweep up toward the\\nstars. If again thai be the aim of a practised eye and\\na disciphned hand, there is a flash, a flame, a scream of\\nthe bullet as before, but there is also an object secured,\\na target struck, a traitor punished and the majesty of the\\nlaw vindicated.\\nHere we have the ignorant shot of the blunderer,\\nthe wild shot of the enthusiast, and Xhe fatal shot of\\nthe veteran soldier.\\nThere are teachers corresponding to these several\\nmarksmen.\\nI. Here is one whose plodding soul never soars above\\nthe eaves of his log school-house and so takes in no\\nbroad views of his own life or his mission in developing\\na better life in others. He looks upon his pupils and\\nsees thick skin to be pounded, and he diligently searches\\nfor the soft spots. He beholds the body and the book\\nand he endeavors to put the one into the other. But\\n1 Written 1867. Rewritten 1876.\\n68", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Aim\\nthe soul of the one and the spirit of the other he never\\ncomprehends. They he beyond his comprehension.\\nHe aims at no mark, because he sees none. He de-\\nvelops no soul-life, because he has no appreciation of it.\\nHe inspires no ambition, because he possesses none.\\n2. The enthusiast is a teacher of a diiferent stamp.\\nHe tries to do good but his notions are visionary and\\nhis efforts spasmodic. He is a man of one idea and he\\nrides his hobby to the death. To-day it is all order.\\nYesterday it was arithmetic. To-morrow it will be\\ngrammar. He is a radical, if it is proper to apply that\\nterm to a man who does not go to the roots of things but\\ncontents himself with a single grip at the stalk. He is\\nfull of Quixotic schemes ideas new to himself and, it\\nis to be hoped, confined to himself. He is perpetually\\nstriking off at a tangent, picking up a notion here and a\\nnotion there trying everything and holding fast to\\nnothing. He goes up like a rocket on one plan, only to\\ncome down like a stick on another. Full of zeal, full\\nof energy, all animation and good-will for his pupils,\\nhe is also full of sound and fury signifying nothing. His\\npupils generally like him, and his patrons talk of his de-\\nvotion to his profession, while his sallow face and sleep-\\nless nights often speak eloquently of his self-abnegation.\\nBut this teacher never accomplishes anything except\\nkilling himself. He aims not at one mark but a thou-\\nsand, and so hits none. He uses a shot gun that scat-\\nters the charge into a cloud of ineffective missiles. He\\ninspires, but it is with the heat of a pitch-pine bonfire\\nthat lights up the whole heavens for an instant and then\\ndies out in darkness not the steady warmth of the sun-\\nbeam that melts the ice and mantles the earth with\\nvegetation. He works by no pattern, imitates no\\n69", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nmodel, and having no well conceived plan achieves no\\nresult. His life is dissipated like the force of gun-\\npowder fired in the open air; it makes a roar and a\\nflash, but speeds no bullet.\\n3. The true teacher is the marksman. He uses a\\nrifle, molds his instruction into a bullet and aims straight\\nat the bull s-eye. He does no random teaching, but\\nevery lesson, every study, points to a result. He has a\\nsystem of instruction, and works by it. He understands\\nsomething of the laws of the human mind and is governed\\nby them. He reads character and adapts himself to it.\\nNo new theory, no new-fangled notion crazes him. He\\nis guided by fundamental principles and he sees that\\nno system can fit him unless he has evolved it from\\nhis own soul and molded it into form through his own\\nexperience. He never pushes the young mind far out\\non one line of thought, but strives to develop it uni-\\nformly and evenly, believing that it should be like\\na sphere with all points of the circumference equally\\ndistant from the centre. He does not run wild on\\ngeography or Latin or physics, as if any one of these\\nwere the be-all and end-all of an education. Each sub-\\nject sinks to its place as subordinate to the grand whole,\\nand useful only in its place and share. He does not\\nwaste his strength in wild, intermittent, aimless efforts,\\nbut in sober earnestness he works truly, faithfully, walk-\\ning by the compass and the eternal stars, striving in\\nGod s fear to develop an immortal soul according to His\\nlaws. He has an inner faith and hope that he will turn\\nout from his forming hands well-rounded character,\\neven as the furnaceman, working not in living soul and\\nimmortal spirit but in dead sand and dumb metal, draws\\nforth from his mould the delicate casting he has made.\\n70", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Aim\\nFor what is the teacher to labor? What aim is to\\ninspire him amid the dull routine of his toil? In the\\nschoolroom, oppressed by the responsibility of his\\nposition, annoyed by the dulness of his pupils, dis-\\npirited by his lack of support, hindered by meddling\\nparents, unsupplied with proper apparatus and appur-\\ntenances, discouraged by his own lack of patience,\\nfretful, unhappy, soul-racked and alone, what thought,\\nwhat motive shall lift him above the endless monotony\\nand tedious vexations of his task, shall thrill his soul\\nwith the inspiration of a new life, shall send the blood\\nbounding through his sluggish veins, shall kindle a fresh\\npurpose, and make that dull schoolroom seem to him\\nthe brightest spot on earth, and that stupid round of\\nduties the most blessed work that he can do? In a\\nword, what is the high aim of the teacher? Is it merely\\nto teach arithmetic, grammar, geography, to decline\\nhie, haec, hoc, or even to dig up Greek roots whole,\\ndown to the most delicate fibre Is it essential to an\\nAmerican citizen that he should know the exact length\\nof the Hoang Ho, or be able to state whether the Yang-\\ntse-kiang is a branch of the Kinsha-kiang or, vice versa,\\nthe Kinsha-kiang of the Yang-tse-kiang? In order to\\nemploy the elective franchise intelligently and be a re-\\nspectable member of society, must he be able to name\\nall the Sandwich Islands and locate Okefinokee Swamp?\\nto repeat all the tables in denominate numbers and to\\ndo every sum in percentage and equation of pay-\\nments and arbitration of exchange? and to arrange\\nParadise Lost in huge diagrams of linked sweetness\\nlong drawn out?\\nFor what object do I teacli grammar? Is it that the\\npupil may know precisely when a word is a pronominal\\n71", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nadjective and when an adjective pronoun? a distinc-\\ntion which, by the bye, I always have to determine for\\nthe occasion when I wish to be precise, and invariably\\nforget in five minutes thereafter We are told that\\nEnglish grammar is the art of speaking and writing\\nthe English language correctly. Is, then, my knowl-\\nedge of this study to be based upon the skill with which\\nI can play top and catch with the dry bones of some\\nextinct sentence, upon my rattling, tripping definitions,\\nand upon my construction of the subtleties of the in-\\nfinitive mood Are these things the end of grammati-\\ncal construction or only the means Are these the\\nfinished wor-k or only the tools If I can conjugate a\\nverb like a parrot and yet say went for gone, am\\nI a good grammarian? How shall I be judged, by the\\naccuracy of my definitions or the beauty of my sentences\\nI send a boy to serve an apprenticeship at a black-\\nsmith shop at the conclusion of his term of service\\nhe returns, and I ask him to forge me a clevis for my\\nplough. Oh, says he, I can t do that. But why\\nnot? Have n t I sent you to learn the blacksmith s\\ntrade? Yes, and I have learned it. I can swing the\\nsledge and blow the bellows beautifully. Am I not\\njustly disgusted What do I care about sledge-swinging\\nor bellows-blowing? These are essential of course, every\\nblacksmith does that but what I want from that boy\\nis a clevis to put on my ploui^h.\\nI send my boy to school to study grammar. He\\ncomes home and makes an egregious blunder in his\\nuse of language. I criticise him and ask him if he has\\nnot studied grammar. Oh yes, he says, I can\\ndecline the nouns and parse beautifully. Am I not\\ndisgusted, and rightly? Every grammarian, of course,\\n72", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Aim\\ndoes something of that, more or less, but what I want\\nof that boy is a good English sentence.\\nDoes grammar constitute anything more than the\\nmere scaffolding, necessary it is true to the erection of\\nthe building but being itself no part thereof and to\\nbe removed directly upon the completion of the edifice\\nOr, better yet, are not the definitions and the minute\\nclassification and all that, only the sepals of that sweet\\nflower the English language which are to fall off\\nwhen the perfect seed our grammatical style and\\nconversation is completely formed\\nI have spoken of grammar, but the same truth holds\\ngood of every study pursued in school. It seems to\\nme that the mere teaching of rules, definitions, methods\\nof analysis, and critical distinctions should be no part\\nof the aim of a teacher they are to be taught to a\\ncertain extent, oj course, but, after all, the bold, out-\\nlying principles should be implanted deeply in the\\nmind as a foundation. The teacher should constantly\\nlook away from vexatious and minute peculiarities and\\ngrapple with the general truths and the widespread\\nbasal formations of each science he teaches. He must\\nnot, in surveying the territory he wishes his pupils to\\ngo up and possess, make them wade through every\\nswamp and carefully examine every stick, stone, tree\\nand shrub.\\nI know with some this seems to imply a want of\\nthoroughness and accuracy. They think a pupil ac-\\ncomphshed in a study when he can repeat all its rules\\nand definitions and explain a few of its many subtleties.\\nI beg leave to differ here. A class in Virgil came under\\nmy instruction a few years ago. The pupils had studied\\nLatin two years. They could recite all the rules in\\n73", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nAndrews and Stoddard s Grammar in six minutes by\\nthe watch. This was one of their recitation feats.\\nThey knew just what cases of a noun, or tense, number\\nor person of a verb were wanting. Their knowledge\\nof detail was wonderful. They took, however, only\\none and one half lines of the ALneid. My utmost\\nefforts failed to push them along at a greater speed.\\nI never could get them up to take a bird s-eye view of\\na paragraph. They could only plod along among\\nverbal quibbles and facts, and I at last gave up the class\\nin despair. No valuable result is achieved by any such\\nprocess, only preparatory work has been done. The\\nlumberman has all the while been grinding up his axe,\\nbut has n t learned how to chop at all. The whetting,\\nthe fine keen edge, each is good enough and necessary\\nin its place, but the chopping after all is the end, and\\nnot a good sharp axe. He is the best instructor who\\nteaches how to fit the tool for use and ho7a to use if.\\nThere is in my opinion a great deal of humbug about\\neven so good a thing as accurate scholarship. There\\nare two kinds of accuracy and this breeds much\\nconfusion.\\nOne is the microscopic accuracy of the beetle that\\ncrouches under its leaf and pokes its tiny snout up and\\ndown, seeing every minute thing, insect and animalcule,\\nthat comes within the range of its little, black, shiny\\neye. But after all that is only a beetle hiowkdge. It\\nis simply the hfe under one small cabbage leaf in the\\ngarden, while the great world-life goes throbbing and\\nroaring on outside.\\nThe other is the telescopic accuracy of the eagle that\\ndisdains the fogs and damps and confinement of the\\nlowlands, and mounts up into the clear blue ether and\\n74", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Aim\\nthence looks down on river and valley and forest.\\nThat king of birds has an eye keen and sharp. He\\nsees pretty much everything that swims through the\\nwaters, or flies over the land, or runs through the woods.\\nBut, better than that, his comprehensive eye takes in\\nthe contour of the landscape, the far sweep of the hills,\\nthe course of the rivers, and all those grand outlines\\nthat make him a geographer to be envied.\\nThe true teacher is the eagle, not the beetle. He\\nuses the telescope for bringing far distant objects near,\\nnot a microscope for magnifying little things that are\\nclose by out of all relation to everything else. He\\nknows that in the real struggle of life the little things,\\nthe catches, the exceptions of any study will be swept\\nby the board, and only the great, bold principles will\\nbe retained. Hence he sees to it that his pupils master\\nthat which will alone be to them of permanent value.\\nAll the minutiae are made subsidiary to this end.\\nThe whole subject narrows itself down to that thread-\\nbare query Is the main object of a teacher to in-\\nstruct or to train 1 This grand, old debating question\\nof the fathers is good food for thought to-day. These\\nare vastly diverse tasks. It makes much difference\\nwhether I am trying to see how much my pupils can\\nknow or how much they can do, whether I am furnish-\\ning their minds, or drawing out and disciplining their\\nlatent energies. I know teachers who seem to think\\nthe youthful mind a sort of cistern, and their work to be\\nmainly one of getting up eave-troughs and conductors.\\nHow different is the work of the trainer for this\\nseems to me the name of the true teacher. He under-\\nstands his business to be not simply the hearing of\\nreading, spelling, geometry and Latin lessons. He\\n75", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nteaches these branches, and his pupils become excellent\\nscholars, but this is all incidental the mere side is-\\nsues which are always accomplished when one attempts\\na great result. He impresses upon their minds that\\ntheir studies are only tools with which to work out a\\nfinished manhood or womanhood and that each lesson\\nconscientiously learned and honestly recited is a polishing\\nstroke on the fine stone of their life structure. The\\ntouchstone, the test of all conduct, is Jiot the will of the\\nteacher but the effect ttpon life, that long life that\\nstretches out through the eternities to come.\\nDay by day this conscientious teacher strives to\\ndrop into each soul one basal truth at?i personally\\nrespotisible for my conduct a truth so weighty that\\nit will gravitate down through the turbid waters of life\\nto the very bottom and abide there forever. He does\\nnot hedge in by rules for these are generally more\\nannoying to the teacher than the pupil. No regulation\\ncan be kept to the letter, and once broken it is like a\\nshattered mirror worthless thereafter. He does not\\nmake every lapse from duty a thing personal to himself,\\nthus becoming the incarnation of law at once the\\nsource, the standard and the executor of justice so\\nthat every good deed is done to him and every evil\\nact is done against him, and scholars come to do\\nright because they love him and to do mischief when-\\never they hate him. But he does something that is\\nfar better.\\nHe knows that you cannot by trimming a tree turn\\nsweet apples into sour. You may cut and train for\\nyears and improve the size and the flavor, but the day\\nyou stop your work the limbs shoot out, and that fall\\nyou see the relapse you get your old sour apples\\n76", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Ann\\nagain. The reason is apparent. All your work has\\nbeen from the exterior. You want an interior change.\\nPut in a graft, or, better yet, make the change a radical\\none a root work and put in a bud close to the\\nground.\\nJust so the wise teacher, avoiding the incessant re-\\nproofs that so imbitter school life and vex all the souls\\nconcerned in it, strives to raise his pupils to a truer ideal.\\nHe makes them responsible not to him but to God.\\nHe brings them out into the light where they catch the\\nEye the all-seeing Eye and realize that the presence\\nof a teacher makes neither right nor wrong that all the\\nguides to noble conduct exist in school as in society, and\\nwhat is proper in one is proper in the other. He im-\\npresses upon them the importance of life that they in\\nschool have commenced life and are living it already\\nthat they must grow into what they are to become that\\nnew and heavier responsibilities will give them no fresh\\npower but only an opportunity to use what they have pre-\\nviously acquired that they are forming habits of action\\nand modes of thought that are to abide with them\\nthrough all time that they can never perfectly heal\\nover any wrong-doing but that it leaves a scar forever\\nthat school is for them, not for parent or teacher;\\nthat a day or an hour lost is so much subtracted from\\ntheir training for life s work that they are responsible\\nnot only for their individual improvement but for all\\ntheir influence over others; that if a single scholar\\nwastes an hour they are all to blame if they could have\\nhelped it that to fool the teacher is easy enough but\\nto fool one s self is impossible that they must husband\\nevery scrap of time as the choicest of treasure, since\\nupon it hangs their ultimate success that they must\\n77", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\neconomize time and books and clothes and money and\\nopportunities for good, and be miserly of all that dig-\\nnifies and ennobles that no act is insignificant, but that\\neach, like a tiny flake of snow, trembles downward to\\ncombine with its fellows and form the avalanche that\\nshall sweep them irresistibly onward to success or to\\nruin that there is no accident in Hfe, but that all\\nthings come in direct recompense, by weights and\\nmeasures, and that in the high sense of justice every\\none makes the bed in which he is to lie. Finally, and\\nin a word, the true teacher endeavors to found in his\\nschool a model society in which the principles of truth,\\nlike leaven, shall work out their true results.\\nWhat will be the outcome of this mode of teaching\\nWhy, his pupils will keep better order in his absence\\nthan in his presence, since they feel more personal re-\\nsponsibility, and public opinion, like a heavy iron hand,\\nwould restrain all the evil-disposed. His classes will\\nnot wait for him, but will commence reciting when the\\ntime comes and will finish their work as if he were\\npresent. Even though he should be absent all day, his\\nschool would select a teacher and run till the nightfall\\nwithout friction or noise. Is this too much to expect?\\nI tell you, ladies and gentlemen, we can take iron and\\nbrass and make a watch that will keep time when its\\nowner is sound asleep, that will run on correctly with-\\nout winding for a year. He is a poor watchmaker who\\ncannot make one that will run twenty-four hours. Can\\nwe do more with dead, dumb metal than we can with liv-\\ning throbbing human hearts? Can we accomplish more\\naccurate, definite, reliable results with our skilled hands\\nthan our trained minds? Shall a teacher of immortal\\nsouls give in to a maker of machinery? Nay, verily\\n78", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Aim\\nBut, says some one, you would make a Christian\\nschool you would be taking religion into the school-\\nroom. My friend, we will not quarrel about names,\\nbut I would not teach a Mohammedaii school, and, believ-\\ning as I do in God and the Bible, I would not teach an\\ninfidel school. Understanding from the truths of Revela-\\ntion and the teaching of all history that greatness\\ndepends on virtue and that religion is the fountain\\nand support of virtue, I deem it my solemn duty to teach\\nmy pupils that obedience and reverence and honesty and\\nearnestness and kindliness are noble and lovely in them-\\nselves that there is nothing pure in Heaven or glori-\\nous on Earth to which they may not attain that the\\ninspiration of all duty is from and in God that the\\ngrandest thing on earth is an educated, loving, sympathiz-\\ning, whole-souled man or woman, and the grandest thing\\nin Heaven save God is a hero crowned from the\\nbattles of life.\\nAnd, more than this, living in a Christian land and\\ntrained by Puritan ancestry, I believe in Christ. The\\nmost precious name to me, above that of mother or\\nwife or home, is the name of Jesus. Can I teach my\\npupils to love everything else and not love Him? Shall\\nI myself drink at this living spring of love and not lead\\nthem thereto, but stopping at CastaHa s fount bid them\\nbe satisfied while I go up higher?\\nMy friends, the lack of this world to-day is educated\\nChristian men and women. If our schools were faith-\\nful to their mission, this would not be. Hear Arnold\\nthat master teacher The idea of a Christian school\\nis the very idea of a school itself. The boys are to be\\ntreated as those who are to grow up Christian men.\\nAll admit that we are to teach morals in school. How\\n79", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nare we to do it Hear the famous Rugby master again.\\nAs well imagine a man with a sense for sculpture not\\ncultivating it by the remains of great art, or a man with\\na sense for poetry not cultivating it by the help of\\nHomer and Shakespeare, as a man with a sense for con-\\nduct not cultivating it by the help of the Bible.\\nFellow teachers There be many of us who do not\\nhalf appreciate the responsibility that rests upon us.\\nLord Shaftesbury recently stated in a public meeting in\\nLondon that he had ascertained by personal observation\\nthat of adult male criminals nearly all had begun a course\\nof crime between the ages of eight and sixteen and\\nthat, if a young man should pursue a virtuous life till he\\nwas twenty years of age there were forty-nine chances in\\nfavor of his continuing honest thereafter and only one\\nagainst it.\\nThere is but one time in all life when the best results\\ncan be attained. The youthful mind is like a lake asleep\\nin the summer s sun. Ev-ery zephyr ripples its surface.\\nEvery tiny leaf dimples its placid bosom. Every cloud\\nis reflected from its glassy mirror and every drooping\\nbough meets an answering kiss. Every child sees pic-\\ntures of forest and hill far down in its mysterious depths.\\nIts waters press up close against the shore and take the\\nimpress of every rugged rock and indentation. They\\nbend and yield to and encircle every object they touch.\\nThe diamond receives no more loving an embrace than\\nthe roughest stick or stone. But winter comes and\\nthe icy fetters are forged. The glassy mirror is stiffened\\nto stone. The surface becomes hard and rigid. The\\ndepths where the eye feasted on another and a richer\\nworld of beauty are sealed. Chariots and horsemen may\\nnow thunder along its solid track and leave no impres-\\n80", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Aim\\nsion on that frigid, flinty pavement. The teacher has to\\ndo with the mind in its spring-time, when the gushing,\\nsparkUng spirits of youth dance and leap up to meet him,\\ntaking form and color from his Hghtest word and reveal-\\ning to his earnest eye their innermost depths of thought\\nand feeling. But the winter of life comes and the waters\\nare chilled to ice, the sunshine and sparkle have died\\ninto darkness, and the soul is closed to the eye of all\\nsave God.\\nThis figure is not overdrawn. The character of a man\\ncannot be essentially changed. The channels of feeling\\nand thought are dug deep and broad. The currents may\\nperchance by a power Divine be turned, but the beds in\\nwhich they once flowed remain with their beetling cliffs\\nand their wave-worn banks. And he who studies such a\\ncharacter easily detects their presence, as the geologist\\nsurveying a country sees preserved amid the wreck of a\\nthousand years the traces of the old water-courses\\nthe beaches of the antediluvian ocean and the sand and\\ngravel once washed by the Paleozoic wave.\\nI admit that education and society often seem to\\nmodify even the matured character; but the keen eye\\nof the critic soon detects the varnish and the veneer.\\nYou remember the old story of the educated wolf. In\\nthe days of fable it is said a person caught a wolf which\\nseemed so exceedingly docile that he attempted to teach\\nit its letters. Success crowned this effort. The wolf\\nlearned the entire alphabet. He next took up syllables,\\nand here again it did admirably and he was encouraged\\nto try words. But now came the first obstacle. Every\\ncombination of letters and syllables spelled only one\\nword sheep. The poor teacher tried again and again,\\nbut only got a repetition of sheep sheep The wolf-\\n6 8i", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nnature was too much and he was obliged to abandon his\\nwell meant and apparently promising effort. If the\\nwolves which prey on society are ever reformed, it will\\nbe when the young are taught before they have learned\\nthe taste of sheep and so by successive generations the\\nwolf nature itself is evolved out of the character.\\nI have the profoundest confidence in thorough, earnest\\nteaching. The transformations which it accomplishes\\nare the miracles of to-day and of all days. It thrills my\\nsoul when I think how in many an old log school-house,\\nin many a poor primary department, in many a room\\ncrowded and noisy with restless children, a whole-souled\\ndevoted teacher generally a woman, underpaid, wearied\\nand anxious is shaping the life and deciding the\\ndestiny of the men who are to control the state and\\nguide the legislation of the generation to come\\nThese truths I have named are powerful. They will\\nrevolutionize character and make the school a training-\\nplace for real life. Pupil and parent will feel their\\nvalue, for they come home to the consciousness of every\\none. But then it is not enough for them to be merely\\ncast into the school and left to work their own way.\\nThe teacher must be the energizing element of the\\nwhole the leaven wherewith to leaven the loaf. He\\nmust awaken and arouse. He must be like the prime-\\nconductor of an electrical machine while in action, that is\\ncharged to overflowing, that shocks everybody it touches\\nand induces currents even in those who are not close\\nenough to catch the sparkles that leap off continually to\\nevery one who comes near. His entrance into a school-\\nroom should be like the influx of fresh air and sunshine,\\nand his going out should be that of a magnet from a\\nheap of iron filings all covered with clinging confiding\\n82", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Aim\\nones, drawn to him by a magnetism tliey have no thought\\nof resisting. His pupils will love him because he first\\nloved them. A wave of mutual devotion sets into his\\nschool each day, like the tide, hiding all bitterness and\\nunkindness and buoying every one up and on. Full of\\ncheer himself, kind words and loving smiles follow him\\neverywhere, as the day chases the sun laughing round\\nthe earth.\\nBut, says one, a single term is too short a time in\\nwhich to accomplish such results as you name. My\\nfriend, remember the seed-time is never long. We\\nscatter the grain, however, just the same, having faith in a\\nharvest. We never expect an immediate return. We\\nnever return to the barn for the cradle when we first\\ncome back from the field with the drill. But the seed\\nlies beneath the winter s snow and ere the spring the\\nhusbandman may have gone to his rest. But April suns\\nwarm the quickening germ and the fresh warm tides of\\nlife throb through the cold earth. Summer passes and\\nthe harvest comes at last. Other hands will gather it,\\nand it will be just as abundant, and the song of the har-\\nvest home will ring out just as gladly.\\nPhilosophy tells us that all physical force is inde-\\nstructible. I touch this table with my finger the power\\nI exert is communicated to the table, the floor, the\\nfoundation, the great earth itself. I see no efifect pro-\\nduced, but the laws of mechanics are immutable and I\\nknow it must be so. A force exerted must produce an\\neffect. A teacher works faithfully in a school, struggles\\nto mould some heart after a more beautiful pattern, and\\napparently fails. But spiritual mechanics has its laws.\\nNo force is ever lost. No heart throbs for the truth in\\nvain. It is impossible, says Seneca, to approach the\\n83", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nlight without deriving some faint coloring from it, or to\\ntarry long near precious odors without bearing away some\\ntrace of their fragrance. The seed may fall by the way-\\nside, but then it does some good, it feeds the fowls of\\nthe air. Some springs up and withers because it lacks\\ndepth of soil, but it is not wasted, those decayed\\nstalks and withered leaves will nourish other vegetation.\\nSome falls immediately in good, fertile soil and bears\\nfruit, ripe luscious fruit, and angels will come at the har-\\nvest and gather that fruit into the master s garner.\\nIs Mr. Butler dead asked Queen CaroUne of Arch-\\nbishop Blackburn. No, madam, but he is buried\\nSo every kind word we utter, every loving smile is\\nenwrapped with the Divine life. No one ever saw the\\ngrave of a good deed\\nWater falls in a shower, in a multitude of tiny drops\\nthat soon settle into the dry and thirsty earth. No one\\nwatches where each one strikes or whither it goes. Yet\\neach little globule hastens downward, moistens some\\ndelicate fibre, is absorbed by some greedy mouth and\\nreappears at last in the brighter green and the rosier hue\\nof the blossom above. We cannot tell where each drop\\nhas gone, but we can tell what all have done as we see\\nthe whole landscape gleam forth with a fresher life and a\\nbrighter glow. So the little insignificant acts and words\\nof our teacher life filter away into the dry soil of the\\nhearts and lives of those about us and we cannot tell\\nwhere they have gone, but they will reappear at last in\\nthe added glory and the richer ripeness of humanity s\\ngreat, broad harvests.\\nFellow teachers, we are not working for ourselves.\\nWe are building for Another. The Master Builder will\\nnot accept any work that is not done for Him and the\\n84", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "The Teacher s Aim\\nblessed eternities. We must be in sympathy with Him\\nand develop His plans. I have been often struck with\\nan anecdote of our late President which illustrates this\\nidea. A company of ministers waited upon him and\\nwere as usual very kindly received. After much earnest\\nconversation they asked him if he felt sure that in the\\ncourse he was pursuing God was working with him.\\nOh, said Mr. Lincoln, that has never caused me a\\nmoment s thought. I am not particular about it. The\\nclergymen looked up in amazement. What not par-\\nticular whether God is working with you exclaimed\\nthey. No, said the martyred President, it has al-\\nways seemed to me of much more importance whether\\nI am working with God.\\nLet this grand thought come into our minds and\\nthe drudgery of our daily toil will take on a beauty\\nthat will charm our very soul. Our scholars, too, cheered\\nby our example, thrilled by our teachings, will drink in\\nour inspiration, and so it will come to pass that our bar-\\nren schoolrooms will be transfigured into something al-\\ntogether lovely, into the very scene of Jacob s vision\\na ladder reaching up to Heaven, bright rejoicing angels\\ngoing up and down the steps of it, and at the top thereof\\nthe voice of God Himself.\\n85", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX\\nTHE MAKING OF BOOKS\\nHE who could not be satisfied with the semblance\\nof obedience could not be satisfied with the\\nsemblance of learning. As a teacher, Dr. Steele s great\\naim was to lead his pupils, individually, into such\\nmethods of thinking and observing as should stimulate\\nand compel personal investigation. In the schoolroom,\\nhis magnetic tact and earnestness, combined with his\\npower of adaptation, made every member of his classes\\nan enthusiast. He was now about to prove that the\\nsame subtle influence lay at the point of his pen. The\\nneed of shorter, more elementary, and more inspiring\\ntext-books in Science had pressed him sorely, and before\\nhe took up work in Elmira he had already made radical\\nchanges in customs of study and class recitation.\\nThrough him, in both Mexico and Newark, the scien-\\ntific departments had acquired great impetus, and his\\nindividual research, experiment and illustration had\\nshown him something of his talent as a pioneer in\\nmethods. Soon, his acquisition of facts, his tried tests,\\nhis increase of explanatory powers, his effective points,\\napt illustrations, clear definitions and luminous demon-\\nstrations, became his first reliance for class use, and the\\nprescribed text-books took second place. In Chemistry\\nhe found himself able to teach the full course laid down\\nfrom his own copious notes and rational arrangement of\\n86", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "The Making of Books\\nmaterial. In short, he had in his everyday work, and\\nwithout definite intention toward actual authorship,\\ndeveloped a text-book of his own.\\nBut this fact, when he discovered it, gave him no ex-\\npectation of renown or pecuniary profit. His ambition\\nwas still confined to the profession he loved and the\\neager minds in his own schoolroom. Inspired by the\\nenthusiasm he had awakened in his pupils, and by their\\ngrowing proficiency under his instruction, he resolved to\\nprint the material he had prepared, for his own use\\nand at his own expense. He hoped also to find a\\nplace for his book in Newark. To Mrs. Steele he wrote\\nApril 7, 1867\\nI received an invitation day before yesterday to fill\\nThomas K. Beecher s pulpit during May and June. The call\\nis UNANIMOUS. I put that in small caps, because they so\\nsent it to me. They ask only one sermon a Sunday and tell\\nme to take it quietly as I please. I think I will accept. I\\nhope to get money enough from my sales in Newark and\\nhere with my preaching to publish my book.\\nThus he planned to use the money returns from his\\nsermons to enlarge his work as a teacher, and he had\\nmade arrangements to have his book printed by the\\nElmira Advertiser, as the New York house with which he\\nhad negotiated somewhat did not ofi er what he could\\nafford as to terms.\\nSame letter\\nI hold to my resolve to publish here, without making\\nanother attempt to be printed in New York. They may\\nwant my book for themselves one of these days. Who can\\ntell?\\nI hope for the best from my litde venture. I can get\\nfive hundred copies for three hundred and fifty dollars, and\\n87", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nget my money back in two years anyway, so I will not lose\\nmuch except my interest. I am succeeding beyond all my\\nhopes. Many points that seemed difficult for me to harmon-\\nize I have classified so well that I think I can make all plain\\nto a class. I am glad of this and know it will please you\\nwhen you see it.\\nIt was at about this time that, as he has told us in his\\nsketch, a friend, an agent for the school-books of A. S.\\nBarnes Co. of New York City, called on Professor\\nSteele and to him the latter confided his own scheme of\\na private publication, showing him some of the manu-\\nscript. The agent was much pleased with it and on his\\nreturn to New York reported it so favorably that Mr.\\nCharles J. Barnes, after some preliminary correspon-\\ndence, took occasion while on a business visit to Elmira,\\nto call on the possible book-maker.\\nThe captivating qualities of the manuscript won the\\ntrained ear of Mr. Barnes at one sitting and by one chap-\\nter. So it fell out that on his departure he bore with\\nhim the pages which were to introduce the author to a\\nnew world of action.\\nMay 20, 1867, came a letter from Mr. A. S. Barnes,\\nthe experienced head of the firm a man of calm and\\ndeliberate judgment, and possessed of a business sense\\nthat precluded any errors of impulse.\\nWe have, he wrote, examined your Chemistry and are\\ninclined to think it supersedes as interesting reading matter\\nany now in existence on the same subject. It meets a want\\nin common-school education which has heretofore been but\\npoorly supplied. Its language is simple, its illustrations\\nwell-chosen, its extent sufficient. By a pleasant statement\\nof dry but important facts you have placed within the com-\\nprehension of a mere child what otherwise he could not\\ntouch. We approve the work most heartily.\\n88", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "The Making of Books\\nWhat this letter meant to the young man, so unex-\\npectedly led to wait editorial decision, only they can\\nknow who have experienced the delight of similar\\napproval. Nothing is like it except the joy of greet-\\ning the brain-child when it returns to the author of its\\nbeing in the glory of print and other fitting accompani-\\nments. In all after victories that came to Dr. Steele, it\\nis doubtful whether any pleasure in them exceeded this\\nthe earliest. It was one of the sweet first times\\nthat belong to everything good in life, and, as such, hap-\\npily and forever marked the place where larger demands\\nmoved him to new efforts, and larger aspirations advanced\\nto greater fulfilments.\\nBefore 1868, Professor Steele wrote to Mrs. Steele,\\nreferring to a prominent Elmira bookseller s visit to\\nNew York\\nMr. Hall says that Mr. Barnes is delighted with my\\nbook, and that, though he had not expected to make money\\nwith the Chemistry, only hoping to save himself, he finds it\\nprofitable and going all over the country without his effort.\\nHe believes it will pay to push it and he is going to do so.\\nHe thinks that the Astronomy will also be very popular.\\nAlready, as the extract shows, the firm had proposed\\na new book, of which they wrote Dec. 12, 1867\\nWe are glad you think so favorably of our proposal to\\nwrite an Astronomy. A book not larger than the Chemistry,\\nand on the same plan of making the science interesting,\\nwould best fill the bill.\\nThe Astronomy was written in 1868, and the Natural\\nPhilosophy (afterward, at its revision, entitled Physics),\\nwas copyrighted in 1869. The man, then, whose first", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nbook was accepted in May 1867, by the autumn of 1869\\nwas the author of three copyrighted volumes. And not\\nonly were these enthusiastically welcomed by the pub-\\nlishers, but a request was immediately made for another,\\nwith yet another in prospect after it. The publishers\\nwrote under date September 30, 1869:\\nAs A. Ward said at the tomb of Shakespeare, you are a\\ngreat success. But for all that you must n t overwork for\\nus or any other man. We won t crowd you a particle.\\nMake good books and take your time about it. Whatever\\nyou make will sell witness seven thousand five hundred\\nPhilosophies gone already, and the hungry public playing\\nOliver Twist on a large scale.\\nLater, in reference to a Geology\\nIf you will make a Geology next do it. If you can\\ncombine with the professor mentioned and so relieve your-\\nself from a part of the work good But the writing must\\nbe yours, and the book must be Steele s Fourteen Weeks,\\nthough the skies fall\\nSo it came to pass that 1870 saw copyrighted a Key to\\nthe Sciences, and a Geology, and the desk once more\\ncleared for another engagement. And this time, with\\nmuch hesitation before undertaking his task, he set to\\nwork on the greatest success of his life, in so far as\\nmeeting an urgent want and obtaining financial results\\ntherefrom constitute success. He wrote the famous\\nBarnes Brief History of the United States. This phe-\\nnomenal book, copyrighted in 1871, will receive fuller\\nattention later.\\nAnd now the demands on his pen made necessary a\\nnew choice of professions, or, more properly, one line\\nonly of educational work. If he remained in school he", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "The Making of Books\\nmust turn away from constant and vehement calls for\\nfresh manuscript, or at least do but meagerly and slowly\\nthat which he was pressed to do largely and at once.\\nFrom the time of the issue of the Chemistry he had\\nborne a twofold responsibility, either of which seemed too\\ngreat for one of delicate constitution, who had passed\\nthrough the special strain of severe war experience, its\\nfollowing critical illness, and a later unsparing appHcation\\nin the schoolroom at Newark and to other and varied\\nwork. But prior to his decision in 1872 he had found\\nit impossible voluntarily to bid farewell to the personal\\nassociations of his beloved profession.\\nHe had, besides, many objections outside his prefer-\\nences to overcome. The Elmira Board of Education was\\nincreasingly loath to part with him, deeply feeling the value\\nof his rapidly extending fame and his peculiar power as\\na guide to the young. They offered him generous relief\\nfrom the daily routine of class-work if he would but retain\\nhis office and the general over-sight of the Academy.\\nThey granted him leave of absence for his first European\\ntour, which became necessary to his health and as an\\nintellectual aid in his work of authorship. They gave\\nas much increase of salary as they could afford and\\nsought earnestly to continue the connection between him\\nand the school.\\nOn the other hand, the publishing house argued that\\nhe had become too important to the whole country to\\nconfine himself to a labor for the benefit of a locality,\\nwhile to continue in two lines of work would inevitably\\nsoon incapacitate him for either, by reason of the over-\\ntaxation it would entail.\\nIt was only after prolonged and conscientious delibera-\\ntion that the matter was finally settled. In discussing\\n91", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nit by correspondence with his publisher, Dr. Steele\\nwrote\\nNow, then, I feel like this: It may not be best for me to\\ndisconnect myself from school permanently. I am happier\\ndoing the good I can there I exert a personal influence\\nI can gain fresh experiences, try new plans and judge of\\ntheir practicality and usefulness. I fear I may lose the\\npower of adaptability to children s minds if I stay out\\nof class-work. That great question of usefulness con-\\nstantly comes in with the lesser ones of health and hap-\\npiness. I have thought over it and prayed over it yet\\ncannot decide.\\nIt is likely that a plain, practical and fatherly letter\\nfrom the head of the publishing house, which came while\\nan alarming physical collapse threatened him, was the\\nfinal and controlling influence which decided Dr. Steele\\nto devote himself entirely to authorship.\\nThis letter, which impartially stated the pros and cons\\nof the situation, urged the hesitating teacher to decide\\nnot for himself, but as he would advise decision in a\\nfriend similarly placed. The impersonal view seems\\nto have successfully reinforced other arguments, and\\nsettled a course which would lessen the variety of his\\ntasks, and leave him to the uninterrupted pursuit of\\nbook-making. He withdrew from the Academy in\\n1872.\\nThe instant approval of the public, won by the Chem-\\nistry, grew with each new volume, and never failed to\\ngreet substantially every fresh undertaking. Witness\\nsuch messages as these, which constantly brought encour-\\nagement from the publishers\\nJan. 14, 1S71 They have out our first fifteen hundred\\nGeologies. All the books are selling splendidly.\\n92", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "The Making of Books\\nNear the same date Boston has adopted Steele s Philos-\\nophy and Geology. Hip Hip\\nLater in the same year\\nI have just returned from my four thousand mile trip\\nand saw Steele s Fourteen Weeks in gorgeous array in\\nmany booksellers shops. Also heard some noise about a\\nZoology.\\nTheir manager wrote from Chicago\\nThe Geology is a jewel. I often think how lucky it is\\niox yon that I did not offer you a thousand or fifteen hun-\\ndred dollars for half copyright in your scientific series, at the\\ntime 1 was negotiating with our folks to publish your Chemis-\\ntry. All you have to do now, Professor, is to finish your\\nPhysiology and History, write a Science of Common Things\\nand call it an Epitome of Science then take your faithful\\nand darling wife and travel in Europe.\\nLittle could any one foresee how far short of all he had\\nto do was this pleasant programme, nor what tremendous\\ntoil was before him through the very victories which it was\\nexpected would bring him leisure.\\n93", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X\\nTHE HISTORIES\\nIT is almost literal truth to say that Dr. Steele awoke\\nto find himself an historian. Nor did he wake with-\\nout calling. For, of himself, his eyes were not opened\\nto see his ability as a story-teller who could set down\\nthe events of national growth with a skill that would\\nwin universal attention.\\nIt was at the proposal of his publishers that he was\\ninduced to begin a work which he was singularly reluc-\\ntant to undertake. He was fond of American history,\\nand for his own pleasure had taught it both in Newark\\nand Elmira, where, by his sparkling anecdote and patri-\\notic fervor he had so increased the size of his classes\\nthat they outgrew the schoolroom and had to be divided\\ninto two sections. His native originality had shown itself\\nin historical as well as in scientific methods, but the\\nsciences were always his fiivorites, and he had never\\nthought of writing an historical text-book.\\nBut, in 1870, on the death of Mrs. Emma Hart\\nWillard, her publishers, in a friendly letter, spoke\\nof the need of something in a United States history,\\nwhich would be fresh and fascinating in treatment,\\nand declared, We think you could give us just the\\nbook.\\nTo this proposal. Dr. Steele did not at once accede.\\nHe had been peculiarly successful in his scientific work,\\n94", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "The Histories\\nbut this was a new field in authorship, and would involve\\nadded labor for he well knew that the old and tried\\npath in science would allure him still. All his objections,\\nhowever, were humorously met and parried by the pub-\\nlishers, who at this point made the first suggestion as\\nto retirement from the Elmira Academy. As already\\nrelated, this suggestion was slowly acted upon, though\\naccompanied by a proposition to swell the text-book\\nseries to sixteen volumes, and a financial offer the magni-\\ntude of which Dr. Steele could not have imagined for\\nhimself two years before.\\nThis is just to give you confidence, wrote his pub-\\nlisher friend, and we do not consider the act uncom-\\nmonly liberal, for the book will make it and more.\\nDon t thank us If you accept which you tniist, for\\nwe won t take no we will draw up a little agreement\\nand victory is ours.\\nThis was written in August, 1S70, and by September\\nfourteen an arrangement was made with the Academy,\\nwhereby he was enabled to devote more time to his books,\\nand to begin his new venture. The outcome was hailed\\nwith joy by the publishers, which they thus voiced\\nThe die is cast! The Rubicon is crossed! History is\\nthe book and expedition is the word. Make us a perfectly\\nstunning book, now, Professor, in your own charming narra-\\ntive and never fear but we shall like your style. Be just\\nyourself natural what you are in your other books.\\nAs one reads the brisk correspondence between the\\ntwo, who had now grown to be fast friends, it is hard to\\nknow which to admire most the sagacious and inspir-\\ning confidence of the publisher or the responsive alacrity\\nof the author. And it is harder to know which looked\\n95", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nto the end with more eagerness. But it is plain that the\\nfull assurance of success was the prescience of him who\\ncheered the heavy toil of the other by buoyant words of\\nhearty faith.\\nDr, Steele was unwilling to be known as author of the\\nnew book. He feared schoolmen might look askance at\\nhistory from the pen of a scientist. Or, should the rep-\\nutation of the science books float his history, and the\\nlatter lack staying powers, he feared the sciences might\\nsuffer from the association.\\nEntertaining devices of pseudonym were discussed,\\ntherefore, among others a combination of initials and\\nnames made up from the cognomens of Dr. Steele and\\nGeneral Barnes. This was contrived by the latter, who\\ndeclared it would please him immensely I am a sort\\nof papa to this venture, anyway, and will never disown\\nthe child. Besides, it is going to be yonx great book.\\nIt was at last decided that it should be published\\nsimply as Barnes Brief History of the United States,\\na decision which gave rise to the foUowhig paragraph\\nin a letter to Dr. Steele from General Barnes, October,\\n1885:\\nI begin to despair of pleasing the world at large and\\nevery individual in it with anydiing we can do. This morn-\\ning comes a crank who praises the Brief U. S. in every\\nrespect except as to the matter of title, and says he will\\nnever allow it in his school while we print Barnes with an\\napostrophe after the s. Ifancy that\\nWhile the work of the history manuscript went bravely\\non, scores of letters passed between New York and El-\\nmira, those signed A. C. B. showing intense expec-\\ntation.\\n96", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "The Histories\\nOct. 1870: Let us have three hundred pages, as inter-\\nesting as you know how, and we will sell one hundred thou-\\nsand per annum for you. This promise was more than\\nfulfilled.\\nNov. 15, 1870: Your letter last received makes me feel\\nreal good as the girls say. That idea of topical para-\\ngraphs is as smart as they make em. I must say you are\\nan unadulterated genius. Come down to the city as soon as\\nyou are ready and let us talk it over a big palaver.\\nThe history grew in beauty of plan and execution. In\\nJanuary, 187 1, the author wrote Mrs. Steele:\\nI have a new idea. It is to precede each epoch by a\\ncolored, two-page map containing all the places mentioned\\nin the epoch, and follow this before the text begins with\\na page of questions marked Geography of the Epoch, thus\\nmaking the pupil acquainted with the geography of all the\\nplaces mentioned. How do you like the plan\\nThis idea was carried out, and when, later, he wrote\\nto the publishers his satisfaction with the specimen\\nmap pages sent him, General Barnes wrote thus\\nYes, the maps are good but not too good for such\\ntext. It grows on me every time I read it. If here are not\\nthe elements of success I have had enough of the book\\nbusiness.\\nOther letters from the publishing friend contained such\\ncongratulatory sentences as these\\nJune, 1871 Every one who has seen the book praises it\\nwithout reserve. It will be the greatest yet mark me\\nJuly 10, 71: First blood for the Brief. Texas has\\nadopted it for all her common schools exclusive also the\\nSciences complete\\nSept. 11: Seventy-five hundred histories printed, and\\nthe demand so great that the presses are again set going for\\n97", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nDec. i: It won t discourage you will it? to learn\\nthat twenty thousand histories are almost gone in six\\nmonths\\nDec. 29 The Science sales this month have increased\\nthirty per cent over 1870 and History foots up seventeen\\nhundred volumes. Try to bear up.\\nAug., 1872: You are already beyond the need of hard\\nwork for the rest of your life. This at the age of thirty-six,\\nafter six years of authorship.\\nBut unrelenting hard work still beckoned him. Zo-\\nology followed in 1872, then history, and history, and\\nalways more history. The History of France and\\nPopular History of the United States were copyrighted\\nin 1875. To the latter was added the New Administra-\\ntion in 1878. In 1879, came Excelsior Studies in\\nUnited States History and first revision of the Brief,\\nto which the New Administration was added in 18S0.\\nIn 1881, History of Ancient Peoples was copyrighted,\\nand Mediaeval and Modern Peoples in 1883.\\nMeantime, Dr. Steele tried to rest. As soon as the\\nBrief was over, in 187 1, he left for Saratoga his\\nfavorite outing place in summer. But the voice of\\nappeal reached him here.\\nI hate awfully, wrote General Barnes, July 6, to dis-\\nturb your oiiiim diggin -iaters, at Temple Grove House,\\nwith any other tables than those on which you take your\\ndaily rations, but I must consult you about these tables of\\nstatistics.\\nIn July, 1883, again seeking rest at the same place,\\nDr. Steele wrote his wife\\nI am greatly enjoying everything. The air is so quiet,\\npure, and sweet, yet so full of music and song. It is delight", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "The Histories\\nto sit at my open window and listen and feel it all. If you\\nwere only here I am trying to finish this press of busi-\\nness, for teachers are calling loudly for the double-barrelled\\nhistory.\\nThis was the General History, a union in one vol-\\nume of the Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Peoples.\\nIn 1883 came the History of Greece, with select\\nreadings (added by an outsider) in 1885 the History\\nof Rome, with select readings by Mrs. Steele; and the\\nsecond revision of the United States History. Sand-\\nwiched between all this historical work were the con-\\ntinued volumes of Sciences.\\nNot until after Dr. Steele s death was his name put\\nupon the title-pages of any of the histories, though the\\nadvisability often came up and his friends urged it. But\\nhe stoutly refused his own name unless Mrs. Steele s was\\ncoupled with it, a condition opposed by the publishing\\nhouse lest such tardy announcement of joint authorship\\nmight be seized by critics to Dr. Steele s disadvantage,\\nhis direct connection with the Barnes Histories having\\nalready become an open secret. Owing to such difficul-\\nties, Dr. Steele made no formal acknowledgment of his\\nhistorical work further than signing the preface of the\\n1885 edition of the United States History with his ini-\\ntials, and the insertion of Mrs. Steele s name in the pre-\\nface to the General History.\\nFrom the first of the book work, as Dr. Steele has\\nso touchingly recorded in his autobiography, Mrs. Steele\\nwas the amanuensis, searcher of references, and ready\\ncritic, aiding her husband materially in the Science series.\\nAnd after history was added to his labor she not only\\nremained his assistant as before, but became the success-\\nful originator of text.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nShe had a particular ability in ancient and mediaeval\\nhistory, her fondness for which had been in childhood\\njudiciously fostered by her father, from whom it was\\ninherited. I have often, said Mrs. Steele to a friend,\\nblessed the fatherly wisdom that gave me a happy\\nfoundation on which to build an education.\\nAs early as 1870, allusions began to appear in letters\\nfrom the publishing house to Dr. Steele, recognizing\\nthe efficiency of his wife s assistance. A letter of that\\nyear from General Barnes contains this comment\\nI am glad to know that Mrs. Steele is at the good work.\\nThat will make it S. T. i87o X, sure\\nFeb. 27, 1871 I missed Mrs. Steele s familiar hand-\\nwriting. My regards to her, please, and tell her I consider\\nher a very important partner in our joint authorship.\\nMarch 10, 1886: A good Primer of Health is the first\\nnecessity. This may bother more than you think, for it\\nwill require writing with a choice of words, to the limitations\\nof which you are entirely unaccustomed. I really think you\\nwill find Mrs. Steele better adapted to it than yourself.\\nIn 1879 Mrs. Steele went to Watertown to write, and\\nthe daily letters of her husband contain constant allusion\\nto her work\\nNovember 25 Your manuscript is grand. I congratu-\\nlate you on being done with Greece, as I suppose you are\\nere this, and that you have descended on Rome. Your plan\\nis so straightforward and the material so well in hand that\\nI expect you will advance rapidly and easily.\\nNovember 26 Yours with proof came last night.\\nMiss is loud in her praise of this work. She says she\\nreads ahead and forgets to copy quite a novelty for her.\\nYou know she generally copies mechanically, with little or\\nno idea of the import of what she is transcribing.\\nNovember 30 Do not condense so as to leave out the\\n100", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "The Histories\\ninteresting and concrete; abstractions and theories may go\\nto the dogs by preference. 1 am glad you are getting on\\nso famously. Literature is the big job, of course, though\\nMonuments and Arts will be longest, I think. It will be\\nheavy, but I am sure you will get through the amount\\nplanned for the coming week.\\nDecember 4 The last instalment is just splendid\\nDon t fret about the quality of your work. It is in some\\nrespects the best you have done, and has a spontaneity\\nabout it that is exhilarating.\\nIn April 1873 Dr. and Mrs. Steele made their second\\nvisit to Europe, this time for study in preparation for\\nhistorical work, spending much time in England, Ger-\\nmany, and France, with histories of those countries in\\nview. General Barnes and family were also abroad.\\nFrom London Dr. Steele wrote General Barnes, August\\n4, 1873:\\nI spend a larger part of the days in the Museum read-\\ning room. I am now getting the hang of things. I have\\nfound an old friend here of four years experience in the\\nMuseum on historical subjects. He says I have already\\naccumulated as much material as he had at the end of his\\nfirst year.\\nI have decided to go over the four histories, French,\\nGerman, English, and General, mapping out the whole\\nfield by writing a brief outline, and sorting the data for each.\\nThis will give definiteness to the entire series and prevent\\nrepetitions and misplacements. Besides, the careful study\\nand the comparisons thus made will give me a view of the\\nsubjects from every possible standpoint and insure perfect\\naccuracy. This work may save me from statements or\\nceloring which I might hereafter regret, and I can later take\\nup any one of the series and work it out with confidence.\\nI am exceedingly anxious to bring out an English\\nhistory very soon. My wife is thoroughly informed and all\\nlOI", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\naflame on the topic indeed wants to take it herself.\\nEnglish history is more vivid to me than I ever supposed\\nit could be. The book must come ere long.\\nThere was much talk all summer about a meeting of\\nthe friends author and publisher and their families,\\nat some place on the continent, the time postponed by\\nDr. and Mrs. Steele, on account of their work, until\\nSeptember i, on which date Dr. Steele wrote:\\nWe have concluded to go across the Channel to-morrow,\\nif the weather is pleasant, and wait at Paris your arrival\\nfrom Copenhagen. I shall abandon myself to French his-\\ntory while on the spot where such stirring events transpired.\\nAn immense amount of reading and study is still requisite\\nto fit me for this work, and I shall devote the entire year to\\nsearching for allied facts in European history and in culti-\\nvating a historical way of thinking.\\nThe two families met at Paris and lived for a time at\\na pension, No. 50 Rue Jacob, on the left bank of\\nthe Seine, a neat, comfortable place, wrote Dr.\\nSteele, not aristocratic but quite propre and with an\\nagreeable landlord, who has enjoyed an extensive\\npatronage from Americans many of them scholarly\\npeople. This meeting and tarrying together of the\\ntwo families determined the fact that neither the Eng-\\nlish nor German histories were ever finished. At Paris\\nthe French history was planned by Dr. and Mrs. Steele,\\nwho afterward pushed it to completion. The Ger-\\nman history was also begun, but laid aside for other\\npressing work, at the end of a hundred pages or so of\\nmanuscript. The English history, for which both were\\nso richly prepared and which they eagerly hoped to write,\\nwas well under way at the time of Dr. Steele s death.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "The Histories\\nThis event so prostrated Mrs. Steele that she was utterly\\nunfitted for literary activity for several years. She then\\nfound herself absorbed in revisions and in carrying out\\nthe philanthropic plans of her husband, and English\\nhistory was finally abandoned.\\nIt will be seen that Dr. Steele by no means depended\\nsolely on his fluent, captivating style, but that he spent\\nyears of study and travel in pursuit of proper equipment.\\nNeither was he sparing of expense. Before the tour\\nabroad in 1873 he wrote:\\nGerman history will cost me about two thousand dollars\\nmore, written in Germany, still I wish to make the best\\nbook I can.\\nHe made the best books he could. The reward for\\ntheir high quality was perhaps the largest response a\\nnation of schools ever made to the work of one\\nman. October 12, 1883, the same year in which it was\\ncopyrighted, the publishers wrote of the History of\\nGreece\\nThe sale of that book is something remarkable un-\\nprecedented in our experience. One hundred thousand\\ncopies are gone already five thousand are on the press\\norders to-day, one thousand. To-day and to-morrow we\\nshall be without books.\\nApril 20, 1886, Dr. Steele was advised that more than\\none hundred and fifty thousand copies of the Brief\\nUnited States had been sold that year, and that fifty\\nthousand more would be sold by September. From\\nOctober 1885 to October 1886 two hundred thousand\\ncopies were distributed.\\nAfter the formation of the American Book Company,\\n103", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nin 1S90, the question of placing Dr. Steele s name on\\nthe title-pages of the histories was again discussed. In\\n1892 Mrs. Steele revised the General History, a book\\nin which the sections on Civilization, which form a large\\npart of the text, are entirely her own, the political his-\\ntory and general plan of the work being Dr. Steele s.\\nThe name of Mrs. Steele, which had been mentioned in\\nthe prefoce when this book first appeared, was now com-\\nbined with her husband s in their proper place, and soon\\nafterward the two names appeared on the title-pages of\\nthe other histories.\\n104", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XI\\nTHE CRITICS\\nTHERE is preserved an old scrap-book made by\\nDr. Steele which is a striking illustration of the\\nimpartiality with which he considered approval and dis-\\napproval. Here, alongside the high encomiums of edu-\\ncators and reviewers, are found the sharpest antagonistic\\ncomments. He seems to have welcomed every adverse\\nopinion if it pointed to the possibihty of greater\\naccuracy. It was only the mean aspersion, animated by\\ninconsistency and unfair opposition, that roused his\\ncombativeness.\\nHe was sensitive to both praise and blame but not\\nunduly. His elation was that of one who likes both to\\nspeak and to hear a whole-souled, appreciative word\\nhis annoyance that of the thorough-going workman who\\naims to bring his production above the charge of un-\\nworthiness and fallacy. He never defended himself\\nfrom criticism until he had examined its cause suffi-\\nciently to know whether or not it was well founded.\\nAnd he was active in detecting his own mistakes.\\nFrom New York, September 6, 1868, he wrote Mrs.\\nSteele\\nI find my books selling so well that I have ventured\\nto name a series of corrections which have occurred to\\nme. I forwarded you an astronomy yesterday. I\\nwant you to read \\\\\\\\.for mistakes and let me know if you find\\nany. I want to eliminate all errors at once.\\n105", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nHis resolution to investigate the basis of every ad-\\nverse comment made him a vast deal of labor. Fair\\nhimself to competitors, he did not at first suspect that\\nmany censuring words might arise from envy. His\\npublishers, who better knew how to estimate such\\nattacks, wrote April 26, 1870 Don t worry over those\\npeople who endeavor to stem the overwhelming tide\\nthat has risen in your favor. It will only advertise you.\\nThis indeed proved to be the case.\\nLater, on Dr. Steele s proposing to place the books,\\nby further revision, beyond the reach of fault-finders,\\nhis philosophical friend wrote\\nYou largely overestimate the importance of the attacks\\non your books. Pray do not permit these tokens and at-\\ntendants of success to disturb your equanimity for a moment.\\nAny slight defects can well wait time. Only detractors can\\nfind fault at any rate. I am sure there has been liberal\\npruning and splicing. Don t fancy that, at the best, any\\ntext-book can be received by the world exactly as if it were,\\nlike Caesar s wife, sans reproche. Perhaps you have heard\\nof this comparison before\\nThe peculiarity of a certain class of criticism often\\nfurnished both author and publisher much amusement.\\nThe principal of Academy, writes Dr. Steele,\\nhas written me a letter criticising my Astronomy\\nseverely. Yet he says it is the pleasantest book he has\\never read and that he will probably adopt it.\\nOur friend in Texas, wrote Mr. Barnes, June 1882,\\nwho took occasion to speak so slightingly of your Sciences,\\nwhen called upon to give reasons for such sweeping charges\\ngracefully apologized, saying it was a mistake ever to have\\nmade them.\\n106", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "The Critics\\nOne author who had harshly discriminated against\\nthe Steele Sciences, offered in 1869, tempted perhaps\\nby the rumor of royalties, to combine with Dr. Steele\\nin a new book. Mr. Alfred Barnes forwarded this whole-\\nsome counsel\\nWe would advise you not to think of such a thing as\\ncollaborating with Such a proposition from him is a\\ncurious commentary on his criticism upon your books.\\nYou seem to be extensively in the coals-of-fire business.\\nThe replies of Dr. Steele to his censors were never\\nhasty or ill-advised, but they were often highly enter-\\ntaining as clever retorts. Neither had he any petty\\nsatisfaction in weak points displayed by rivals. Of one\\nwho had dealt less good-naturedly with him, he wrote\\nI find a number of mistakes in the new science book of\\nOne especially pleases me. It is an entire state-\\nment, copied verbatim from the first edition of my book\\nbefore the corrections made long ago. Evidently this writer\\nused an early edition of Steele, and it is a rich joke on him.\\nMany labored articles, as pedantic as the substitutes\\ntheir writers would have made, were penned for the\\npurpose of showing a misguided public how inadequate\\nwere the books it was purchasing. Yet the proud honor\\nof election to a fellowship in the Geological Society of\\nLondon, England, was in recognition of the very ex-\\ncellence of presentation not understood by his oppo-\\nnents, who always pointed out the fact that he had\\nfailed to produce a certain sort of book the precise\\nsort he had diligently sought to supplant, as deadly to\\nthe prosperity of fundamental scientific study.\\nAs he once said There is a vast difference between\\nFourteen Weeks in Science and Science in Fourteen\\n107", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nWeeks. However, there were many who could never\\ncomprehend that his eager thought was to give to those\\nwho had but fourteen weeks a year in school, a profit-\\nable course for limited study, and to those who had\\nmore time, a good foundation for future progress. He\\nonce mildly assured a contemptuous assailant, that the\\nscientific books did not represent all he knew, but only\\nall he had thought advisable to set before the class of\\nstudents for whom they were prepared.\\nSpecialists, said the New England Educational Jour-\\nnal, may find fault with his scientific works and say they\\nare too superficial, but the works were not written for them\\nthey were prepared for the untrained pupil, who has never\\nyet learned that there are beauty, wisdom, and fascination in\\nscience. Many a one now working as a specialist in\\nsome branch of science had his attention first drawn and his\\nenthusiasm aroused by Dr. Steele.\\nThe last assertion is remarkably verified by extracts\\nfrom two letters voluntarily sent to Mrs. Steele, the first\\nin 1886, the other some years later. The former was\\nfrom Marion, Alabama\\nI became acquainted with Dr. Steele s books as a boy,\\nstruggling to obtain an education, especially its elements, by\\npersonal effort, and with no aid except a few books, among\\nwhich were Dr. Steele s Astronomy and Natural Philoso-\\nphy. I recall them now as the most attractive companions\\nI had in those gloomy days, brightened now and then only\\nby the fires of ambition. Those books led me on by hand-\\nling hard topics in an easy, captivating manner, and they\\ndid the work for me.\\nTo hundreds of young men the death of Dr. Steele is\\na personal loss. The nation has greater cause to mourn\\nfor him than for a statesman.\\n108", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "The Critics\\nThe writer of the other letter is a man of professional\\nand scientific repute in Georgia\\nAbout thirteen years since, he said, I was sixteen,\\npreparing for college with no definite idea of what I would\\ndo when I became a man. 1 was groping about in the dark\\nfor some object or profession to follow as a life-work. My\\nfather, a Yale graduate, was a sugar planter and wanted me\\nto take the plantation. But for this I had no taste and was\\ncompletely at sea until I began the study of Fourteen\\nWeeks in Chemistry. After completing that, my mind was\\nmade up. The charming style of the book had fascinated\\nme with science and I determined to study it further. This\\nI did, taking my degree at the Johns Hopkins University.\\nIn scientific thought and training Dr. Steele was the\\nauthor of my faith. It was he who led the aimless boy into\\nthe glorious realm of science, through paths that increased\\nhis love for nature s God.\\nAn old teacher thus summed up the merits of the\\nSteele Sciences They do interest children and they\\ndo produce results and we take it that covers the ground\\npretty well.\\nAs to their literary value, thousands of encomiums\\nhave been written. Hyland Kirke said that many pas-\\nsages were gems of the first water. Two are here\\ngiven as illustrations of his style. The first is taken from\\nthe Physics\\nActual energy is also styled dynamic or kinetic energy,\\nand potential is termed static energy. In mechanics, kinetic\\nenergy is called vis viva (=iw7/^), or striking force. Wind\\na watch, and by a few moments of labor you condense in\\nthe spring a potential energy, which is doled out for twenty-\\nfour hours in the dynamic energy of the wheels and hands.\\nDraw a violin bow, and the potential energy of the arm is\\nstored up in the stretched cord. Lift a pendulum, and you\\n109", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nthereby give the weight potential energy let it fall, and\\nthe potential changes gradually to dynamic. Potential\\nenergy is one that is concealed, lying in wait and ready to\\nburst forth on the instant. It is a loaded gun prepared for\\nthe arm of the marksman. It is a river trembling on the\\nbrink of a precipice, about to take the fearful leap. It is a\\nweight wound up and held against the tug of gravity. It is\\nthe engine on the track with the steam hissing from every\\ncrevice. It is the drop of water with a thunderbolt hidden\\nwithin its crystal walls. On the contrary, dynamic energy\\nis in full view, in actual operation. The bullet is speeding\\nto the mark the river is tumbling the weight is falling\\nthe engine is flying over the rails and the bolt is flashing\\nacross the sky. It is heat radiating from our fires; elec-\\ntricity flashing our messages over the continent and gravity\\ndrawing bodies headlong to the earth.\\nThe second is from the Barnes Brief History of the\\nUnited States\\nThough the nation was still agitated by political strife\\nthe ground-swell, as it were, of the recent terrible storm,\\nthe country was rapidly taking on the appearance and\\nways of peace. The South was slowly adjusting herself to\\nthe novel conditions of free labor. The soldiers retained\\nsomewhat their martial air but blue-coats and gray-\\ncoats were everywhere to be seen engaged in quiet avo-\\ncations. The ravages of war were fast disappearing.\\nNature had already sown grass and quick-growing plants on\\nthe battle-fields where contending armies had struggled.\\nThere were domes of white blossoms where swelled the white tent\\nThere were plows in the track where the war wagons went\\nThere were songs where they lifted up Rachel s lament. B. F. Taylor.\\nStrangely symbolical of the new era of growth which had\\ndawned on the nation, a wanderer over the cannon-ploughed\\nslope of Cemetery Ridge found a broken drum, in which a\\nswarm of bees were building their comb and storing honey\\nno", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "The Critics\\ngathered from the flowers growing on that soil so rich\\nwith Union and Confederate blood.\\nThe wanderer was Dr. Steele himself.\\nI could wish, wrote a prominent educator in 1885,\\nthat you might go through every department of human\\nknowledge, setting in order all the things to be studied.\\nYou have, however, earned a rest from toil, and will live to\\nsee your work carried on by other hands after your own\\nplan.\\nHe did not live to see it, but many who read the\\neducational signs of the times know well that great\\nnumbers of text-book makers have forsaken the need-\\nless weariness of old ways, because he dared to go\\nbefore and make a better one. And many a good\\nscience book of the grade of his own has been success-\\nful, because it has exhibited that fine perception of\\nneeds, that happy presentation of facts, first conspicu-\\nous in the Steele books and long peculiar to them.\\nIt is interesting to know that the only assault which\\npromised any danger to his popularity, attained no\\nmagnitude until 1886, and after the death of Dr. Steele.\\nIt was made on the United States History.\\nThis book had, from year to year, since its issue in\\n1872, enjoyed a constantly wider favor, and the pub-\\nlishers concluded that the increasing demand warranted\\na new dress. It was accordingly reset in new type with\\na wealth of pictorial illustration, and became, probably,\\nthe most artistic school book that had ever appeared in\\nAmerica. Orders poured in from every state in the\\nUnion, swelling the sales to tremendous proportions.\\nSuddenly anonymous circulars, entitled, Shall our\\nBoys and Girls be taught that Rebellion is Honor-\\nIII", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nable were sent broadcast, denouncing the history as\\na Rebel book. These circulars appeared everywhere,\\nand were systematically reviewed in the newspapers,\\nattracting great attention. The charges were finally\\npushed so far that the Grand Army Posts began to\\nmake critical examinations of the work. In two towns,\\nNewark, New Jersey, and Saratoga, New York,\\nresolutions were passed by the Posts, disapproving the\\ncordiality with which Dr. Steele had acknowledged the\\nbravery of the Southern soldiers and leaders, and coun-\\nselling their members not to patronize schools in which\\nit was taught.\\nMuch publicity was given to these resolutions by\\nthose who hoped to benefit from any antagonisms they\\nmight engender. Misled Northern veterans, brought\\nto believe there was partiality, rather than even-handed\\njustice, intended toward the soldiers of the South, wrote\\nsome hot opinions with the headlong abandon of their\\nold, fighting spirit. At last, the opposition to the book\\ntook on serious proportions.\\nHowever, there was safety for the history in the fact\\nthat men of breadth and balance are, after all, the men\\nwho make final decisions. And many such were among\\nthose who still survived the Civil War. Soon from this\\nclass arose protests against the rash accusations of the\\nunthinking led by the designing and everywhere\\nsolid and influential men began to defend the memory\\nof the maligned author.\\nThe championship of his publishers also did much\\nto counteract the effect of unjust aspersions. Their\\nalacrity had in it a fire of energy born of personal\\nlove for Dr. Steele and a perfect knowledge of his\\nequitable spirit. For this reason it had an efficacy\\n112", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "The Critics\\nwhich business policy alone could never possess. And\\nadded to the refutations of brother-soldier, friend and\\npublisher was the impassioned resolve of Mrs, Steele\\nthat nothing should prevail against the truth.\\nIt would be unprofitable to give the details of this\\ncontest, long since settled by righteous judgment. But\\nit was fought out it did not die out. Every par-\\nticular statement called in question was proven to be\\njustified by quotations from Abraham Lincoln, General\\nGrant, Horace Greeley, James G. Blaine, and other\\nequally unassailable authorities. It was shown, too, that\\nother reliable historians had never been challenged for\\ncertain identical narrations which were criticised in Dr.\\nSteele. That these statements did not reflect on national\\nhonor everybody now knows.\\nA reward was offered for the identification of the\\nauthor of these distributed circulars, but beyond a moral\\ncertainty there was no detection.\\nOne of the warmest protestations of confidence in\\nDr. Steele s true patriotism was dated at Elmira, Oc-\\ntober 6, 1886, and signed by a number of his towns-\\npeople, members of the Grand Army. It was as fol-\\nlows\\nUnderstanding that, for purposes best known to them-\\nselves, certain parties are representing that the author of\\nThe Barnes Brief History was not a loyal patriot and that\\nhis book was written to pander to Southern sentiment, we,\\nhis fellow-townsmen and members of the Grand Army of\\nthe Republic, take pleasure in testifying to his staunch and\\nunswerving patriotism and his undoubted devotion to the\\nUnion. As a volunteer soldier he fought bravely and won\\nthe honorable scars of battle as a citizen he has been ever\\nesteemed as an ardent lover of our united land, and a con-\\nscientious worker for its best interests. We should feel no\\n8 113", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nhesitation in putting into the hands of our children any book\\nof which he was the author.\\nThis was signed by Hon. Seymour Dexter, then judge\\nof Chemung County Thomas K. Beecher, D. D.,\\nElmira s most famous clergyman, the brother of Henry\\nWard Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe by United\\nStates Commissioner John T. Davidson, Judge Gabriel\\nL. Smith, General E. O. Beers, and many equally reliable\\nand distinguished veterans.\\nAll over the country were found clear-headed Grand\\nArmy men who denounced the injustice of the charge,\\nand the Grand Army s own organ, The National\\nTribune, had early indorsed the book.\\nD. R. Lowell, Post Chaplain in Chief, wrote from\\nFort Riley, Kansas\\nI have studied the history with the greatest care and\\ndeepest interest because some have criticised it as lack-\\ning loyalty to the North. It is certainly not a spread-eagle\\noration. That is one reason why it commends itself to me.\\nHistory is not statements of partisan questions or debated\\nincidents, but is simple, plain, unpartisan statements of\\nfacts. I have only admiration for Dr. Steele s calm, fair\\nrecital especially of the story of the Civil War. No\\nstudent can read this book without having his pride in his\\nflag and country largely increased.\\nA. S. Weissert, Commander-in-chief of the Grand\\nArmy, declared The book is the best of the kind in use\\nin the schools of the country. The terse, vigorous Eng-\\nlish in which the salient facts of our Nation are told, is\\nunequalled.\\nIt seems very strange that this book should also have\\nbeen objected to in the South. Rev. J. William Jones,\\nsecretary of the Southern Historical Society, wrote an\\n114", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "The Critics\\narticle upon it for the Virginia Educational Journal,\\ncharging it with most unfair discrimination against the\\nSouth. Sectional sensitiveness was at that time ex-\\ntremely alert. One Union veteran who sternly criticised\\nthe book, afterward explained that his reasons for it\\nwere, that he was of the Army of the Potomac, and in-\\nferred, from the praise of certain generals, that the author\\nof Barnes Brief United States must have belonged\\nto the Army of the West. Thus was the conscientious\\nand impartial historian criticised and blamed by the\\ncaptious on all sides.\\nBut generally, east, west, north, and south, the sincere\\nand just temper of his work was acknowledged. Hon.\\nA. M. Keiley, city attorney, ex-mayor, and president\\nof the School Board of Richmond, Va., wrote a full,\\nexcellent and fair review of the book, in which he ex-\\npressed a strong approval of it, and closed by saying\\nMost important, the story is fully and truthfully told.\\nI do not mean that every fact is narrated as I would have\\nnarrated it, or that every figure will bear the test of final\\nscrutiny from authoritative standards but I do mean to\\nsay that the book seems to me to be imbued by a candid,\\nhonest purpose to tell the truth in fact and form.\\nThe events of the War of Secession form, of course, the\\nground of differences of opinion, and men on both sides will\\nlong dispute perhaps forever ^as to details. Even on\\nthe same side these differences exist. There will neces-\\nsarily be honest differences of opinion among actors in our\\ngreat struggle as to details of the campaigns and battles of\\nthe War. If so, how much more likely among writers of\\nopposite parties in that struggle. Many volumes of official\\nreports on both sides have been published since the War,\\nand the official facts fail of harmony as signally as the\\nunofficial. What, however, we have a right to expect is\\n115", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\na manifest effort to be fair, not only in the display of inde-\\npendent facts, but in the judgment of motive, in the degree\\nof prominence to the several facts, in portrayal of character,\\nin the story of final results; and if these are effected, the\\ndetails of the campaigns and battles, unless grossly mis-\\nstated, may, without damage to truth, be allowed a margin.\\nTherefore I say, that while this story is not told as I\\nshould have told it in every respect, I believe I could not\\nhave told it more fairly, and I know that others have not\\ntold it as fairly. Courage, skill, sincerity, devotion, win the\\nauthor s recognition and praise wherever displayed and\\nthe narrative generally exhibits the temper of the judge,\\nrarely, if ever, of the advocate. 1 do not think this can\\nbe affirmed of all of its competitors; and of none do I think\\nit can be more fully affirmed.\\nThe final endorsement of educators was a national one.\\nThe whole country, which had so approved the Sciences,\\nunited in preference for the History, no matter\\nwhat other competitor appeared. Not a state in the\\nunion but has used it. The unanimity of choice proved\\na prevailing spirit, like that expressed by the publishing\\nhouse in the closing words of its printed defence of Dr.\\nSteele\\nWe think we have now shown that our history seeks to\\nbe impartial in its treatment of the Civil War that it recog-\\nnizes valor and ability wherever shown, and never shrinks\\nfrom stating important facts, whether they make for or\\nagainst either the North or the South. It seems to us that\\nthis is the true spirit for a school history. Our children\\nshould not, in our opinion, be taught to cherish any sectional\\nfeeling, or to perpetuate any of the differences which have\\nunhappily divided the fathers. Why can we not all, as\\nAmericans, take pride in American skill and bravery,\\nwhether shown by Northern or Southern soldiers Let the\\nyouth of our land come together on the broad ground of\\nii6", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "The Critics\\nthe Union, and, while studying its history, imbibe a national\\npatriotism, learn to avoid the errors of the past, to cultivate\\nits virtues, revere its heroes, and unitedly, North and South,\\nEast and West, build up its magnificent future.\\nIt was fourteen years after its first appearance that\\nthe history was called to pass through the ordeal of\\nmalignant attack. In the twenty-seventh year of its\\nstill robust life, the words of James Russell Lowell may\\nwell be quoted\\nWhat a sense of security in an old book which time has\\ncriticised for us\\n117", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII\\nTHE TRAVELLER\\nSENTENCES here and there, in the early letters of\\nDr. Steele and his young wife, show how both\\nenjoyed the modest outings they were able to get in\\nvacation times, and how they talked of more ambitious\\npossibilities in the future. In 1S63 he congratulated\\nher then with her father on a visit to Iowa and\\nMichigan, on all she had seen through her opportuni-\\nties of travel. He mentioned especially the cities of\\nAlbany, New York, Washington, Detroit, Chicago, Du-\\nbuque, and expressed pleasure that she, although a\\npoor man s wife, was seeing a little of what they had\\ndreamed and talked about together. He added of him-\\nself: I think I shall go to Sodus Bay some time this\\nweek. We are getting up a party for the trip. I learn\\nthe scenery is considered quite equal to the Thousand\\nIslands.\\nEven amid the distractions of his soldier life, he\\nnever wrote a letter that had not in it some touch of\\ndescription which showed his keen and interested ob-\\nservation of men high and low, of their manners, and\\nof the country through which he was called to pass.\\nEvery change of scene was an open book, studied with\\ndelight or with grave contemplation.\\nIt was to recuperate his exhausted physical forces that\\nDr. Steele and his wife took their first tour abroad. The\\n118", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "The Traveller\\nheavy task of the United States History left him much\\nworn. In April, 1871, when the book was about to be\\nissued, General Barnes wrote\\nI am alarmed at your report of your health. We are\\nall very anxious about you and not only permit we insist\\non -your discontinuing book work until your health is fully\\nestablished. Get away from home and travel. An entire\\nchange of thought and scene is wliat you need.\\nAgain, .September This will never, never do, my friend.\\nI am glad the history and all its worry are over. I guess\\nyou would better take six months for play. Never mind\\nour business agreement. If this pressure breaks you down\\nI shall never forgive myself.\\nIn January, 1872, the anxious friend wrote Mrs. Steele,\\nurging her to co-operate with him in influencing the\\ntired teacher and author to rest. Later in the same\\nmonth, having meantime withdrawn from school work,\\nDr. Steele received the following\\nAs for mj plans, they are briefly these Take that good\\nlittle wife and start for Europe instanter\\nThat this advice was briskly followed, the following\\nfrom A. C. B. will show\\nFeb. 21, 1872 My dear Profkin, By this time, or here-\\nabouts, the raging ocean delivers you to the smiling land,\\nand you are congratulating yourselves that your probation,\\nas toilers of the sea, is nearly or quite accomplished. Per-\\nhaps, however, you would rather linger awhile yet upon the\\nbounding billow. It may have its advantage since you are\\nthinking about writing that Physiology. Surely the facili-\\nties for contemplating the fearful and wonderful processes\\nof your own and others innards must tempt you to re-\\nmain as long as possible a martyr to science. What\\nwere the revelations of St. Martin s patent stomach com-\\npared to such phenomena!\\n119", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nThe tourists passed the winter months in France and\\nItaly, the early summer in England and Scotland.\\nI remember Dr. Steele wrote a year later to General\\nBarnes, then on the Continent how I rejoiced to get out\\nof Italy and go into a civilized country away from a\\nnation of fleas, dirt, laziness and beggars. Yet those an-\\nnoyances are quickly forgot, and one thinks not of what\\nItaly is but of what she was. In front of my bed hangs\\none of those huge photographs of the grand old Colosseum,\\nand every morning, when my eyes first open, they catch a\\nglimpse of the spot where I spent so many delightful hours\\nwhile I was in Rome. At night we often place our lamp\\nunder the picture, and turning the light low we have the\\nColosseum by moonlight. It is a perfect reahzation of the\\nscene the arcades, the deep recesses lying in shade,\\nthe long lanes of light, the dim, mysterious softness, all\\nbring back the thought of the hour when I stood by the\\ncross in the middle of the arena, spell-bound by the memo-\\nries of the place.\\nIt was after the return from Italy to England that\\nthe Doctor had the pleasure of examining the superb\\ncabinets of minerals and precious stones owned by the\\nBaroness Burdett-Coutts, and of being entertained by\\nher. It came about in this way\\nDr. and Mrs. Steele had been in Naples during the\\nseismic agitation that preceded the great eruption of\\nVesuvius in 1872. In fact, they left the city only\\nthree hours before the outburst of lava that destroyed\\nTorre del Greco, wiped the Hermitage out of existence,\\nsurrounded and smothered a party of English tourists,\\nand terrified all Naples by its underground conspiracy\\nwith the nether world in general.\\nTheir ascent of the mountain, three days before, had\\nbeen full of startling incident. Frequent mutterings", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "The Traveller\\nand several outbursts of stones, with a volume of sul-\\nphuric gas which made breath a terror and sight an\\nimpossibility, had enlivened their upward struggle\\ntoward the new crater which had burst into being\\nwith the body, glow and heat of a hundred fiery furnaces.\\nOn one occasion the brigandish-looking Italians who\\nbalanced Mrs. Steele s chair on their shoulders for\\nthere was no mountain railroad then nearly spilled\\nher out, and apologized by declaring that the mountain\\nwas getting dangerous.\\nAs this assertion went before a demand for four bot-\\ntles of Lachrimse Christi to stay their nerves, it was\\nreceived as the usual chaff for tourists. So also were\\nthe asseverations next day of their guide to Pompeii,\\nthough the air was so filled with ashes that the horses\\nwould occasionally turn squarely around, to escape the\\ndriving ash-storm pouring down the volcanic summit,\\nand the suffering riders bound their handkerchiefs over\\ntheir eyes for hke protection.\\nTheir escort, a guide of thirty-five years experience,\\nsaid he had never seen another day like that. But\\nin their hearts the travellers had little faith in a courier s\\ntale, and placidly believing old Vesuvius to be drawing\\nhis normal, everyday breath, insisted on proceeding.\\nAfterward they learned how exceptional was their ex-\\nperience, and how full of interest it was to those more\\nfamiliarly acquainted than they with ordinary volcanic\\nbehavior.\\nAfter the eruption, a philanthropic Englishman gave\\na lecture in London, describing the attendant phe-\\nnomena and exhibiting specimens of the new and old\\nlava streams. This was for the relief of homeless suf-\\nferers in Naples and the Vesuvian suburbs, toward which", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nthe Baroness donated one hundred pounds, while in\\nreturn the lecturer presented her with the lava speci-\\nmens. Dr. Tennant, the eminent English scientist, to\\nwhom Dr. Steele had taken a letter of introduction,\\nhad charge of the Burdett-Coutts fine collection of\\nminerals and invited his American friend to accompany\\nhim in arranging the fresh acquisition.\\nWhile the scientists were thus engaged the Baroness\\nwith a lady friend entered, and learning that Dr. Steele\\nhad left Naples on the day of the eruption asked for the\\nstory of his visit. When it was told, she assured him\\nhis account was much more philosophic and interesting\\nthan that of the lecturer, and she invited the two gentle-\\nmen into her private apartments for luncheon.\\nThe luncheon was according to the English custom\\nof reserving all ceremony for the stately dinner and\\nmaking the other meals delightfully informal. The\\nfour being seated, the head butler and three assistants\\nremoved the covers and at a sign from the hostess\\nquietly retired. The gentlemen served the ladies, ris-\\ning and going to the sideboard for the fruits and sweets\\nwhich completed the courses, the head butler removing\\nthe plates so unobtrusively that his entrance and exit\\nwere hardly noticed.\\nNo better promoter of genial and unrestrained con-\\nversation could be devised, or one more conducive to\\nthe sparkling bans mots that form the brilliants in the\\ncirclet of intellectual table talk. The Baroness was in\\nexcellent spirits and highly complimentary toward her\\nchance guest the entertaining American. Alto-\\ngether the occasion was one of the most novel and\\ninteresting of many in which Dr. Steele participated in\\nhis journeys up and down the world.\\n122", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "The Traveller\\nIn July, 1872, the travellers returned, to spend some\\nmonths at the home of Mrs. Steele s father in Water-\\ntown, where the Physiology was revised. Dr. Steele\\nwas much refreshed. He had found new strength for\\nbody and spirit in the lands that hold their riches in such\\nalluring affluence of romantic and scholarly association.\\nA part of the following winter they boarded in El-\\nmira. In April, 1873, they sailed again, remaining\\nabroad until July, 1874. They went first to Ireland\\nand Scotland for several weeks, after which they studied\\nin the British Museum in London until August, when\\nthey met General and Mrs. Barnes in Paris, as already\\nrecorded. In London they were for a time settled at\\nDulwich, near the Crystal Palace, in the family of the\\ncelebrated B. Waterhouse Hawkins, but later took rooms\\nnearer the Museum. Dr. Steele s letters show this\\nsummer to have been an eventful one. Brief extracts\\nare given, taken from his correspondence of that\\nperiod. Though quoted without much connection, the\\nunstudied paragraphs show the temper of the traveller\\nand are a true reflection of the man who had a child s\\ndelight in the passing show, united to a well-poised\\nman s sense of values.\\nJuly 8, 1873 Everybody has run wild over the Shah.\\nNo American furor I have ever witnessed can compare\\nwith the complete abajidon of the English pursuit of this\\nPersian monarch. They have run after him like a crowd\\nof boys after a hand-organ and monkey. There are, of\\ncourse, political reasons. As for us, we have seen the old\\nMussulman from our hired window, until we are more than\\nsatisfied. Beside him were the Czarewitch, heir apparent\\nto the Russian throne, and the Czarina, sister of their own\\nbeloved Princess, but the Persian barbarian monopolized all\\nthe British cheers.\\n123", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nJuly 10 We have spent a day at the Zoo and in driving\\nwith a party of American friends through the parks, and I\\nhave been a pilgrim to the tomb of Wesley in Bunhill\\nCemetery, where DeFoe, Dr. Watts, Bunyan, and other cel-\\nebrated dissenters lie buried.\\nAugust 4 We made a delightful trip the other day to\\nStoke Poges to view the little old church, and the graveyard\\nwhere Gray wrote his Elegy. It is a delightfully rural and\\nquaintly tumble-down affair. There is the very tombstone\\nthat of his mother on which Gray sat; so also did we,\\nwatching the venerable yew-tree s shade marking the curfew\\ntower, and weaving the whole scene into the lines we duti-\\nfully quoted with an awed delight. One sees it almost feels\\nit ^as he did, and as he has immortalized it.\\nThen, after an hour of quiet contemplation, we rode\\nto Burnham Beeches, where we enjoyed a bit of sylvan land-\\nscape such as England alone can boast. The curious old\\nbeech-trees, gnarled and knotted, scraggy and hollow, huge\\nbeyond belief, are scattered over many an acre. I wish you\\ncould be with me some pleasant afternoon to lie in their dense\\nshade, and talk of the olden time when Robin Hood could\\nhave made his bows here, and Cliarles II. might have found\\nplenty of capital hidingplaces had he come this way. Such\\nmight-have-beens throng fast on the mind amid such sur-\\nroundings.\\nFrom August until the middle of December, Dr. and\\nMrs. Steele were in Paris working on the French His-\\ntory. They remained after the departure of General\\nBarnes and his family, to whom they often wrote\\nTo General Barnes. Nov. 2: I met yesterday Made-\\nmoiselle Boucher, late instructress, governess, and purveyor\\nof the Barnes family. She seemed in a happy frame of\\nmind and meandered round from Rue Scribe to the Boule-\\nvard. Saturday I spent a half hour on the Bourse. Out-\\nside the battlefield I never heard an equal to its clamor.\\nThe violent screeching and everlasting wrangle filled the\\nI 24", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "The Traveller\\narched roof with waves of sound which seemed to accumu-\\nlate and rattle down in short, sharp pellets of noise, beating\\non the ear heavily and continuously.\\nFrom Rue Jacob Mrs. Steele wrote Mrs. Barnes, Novem-\\nber lo: It has been very cold here since you left, and it\\nhas exhausted the greater part of my energy to keep the fire\\nprosperous. I have a severe cold and present an appearance\\ntruly foreign, with three shawls about me one around my\\nshoulders, one over my lap and one wound about my feet.\\nM. Dandeville recommended mittens as a very comfortable\\nthing in winter when one is sitting a good deal\\nNov. 15, Dr. Steele wrote General Barnes: The weather\\nis very pleasant, clear, bright, but cold. We are trying to\\nlearn the construction and management of a French fire. It\\ntakes coal and wood, unfortunately, and the tuition therefore\\nis expensive, in spite of great economy and the consumption\\nof two candles every evening.\\nNear this date he writes indignantly of a play pre-\\nsented in Paris, called Uncle Sam. Sensitive as he\\nwas to foreign opinion about American society, he re-\\nsented its misrepresentation.\\nThe play takes certain phases of American life that do\\nnot exist contemporaneously, and exaggerates them. The\\nAmerican heroine gives the hero a meeting, alone, in her\\nprivate apartments. They go off together for two days. He\\nmakes love to her in French fashion, she sighs and blows\\nlike an asthmatic bellows. The rough Irishman who ma-\\nnipulates votes, stalks into a lady s boudoir and talks politics.\\nA gentleman-clergyman walks out with his spiritual-affinity\\nwife, who is also the wife of another man who carries her\\nbundles in the background. The whole thing is made up of\\nAmerican excrescences and brought out with French man-\\nners and style. We were much disgusted.\\nHis Americanism always expressed itself in disapproval\\nof anything discreditable to his country and its people.\\n125", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nIn Stuttgart, whither they went from Paris, he was much\\nannoyed by the conduct of a woman who claimed first\\nseat on all occasions as an American of exalted rank.\\nShe dressed loudly and had always a host of young Ger-\\nman ofificers in her train. Her imprudences were com-\\nmon comment, and, judging American wives in general\\nby her, a German woman of social position remarked to\\nMrs. Steele, Many of my friends, who know no other\\nAmerican women, always make the sign of the cross\\nwhen they are mentioned. Dr. Steele wrote As an\\nAmerican, Mrs. is not a success. It is humiliating\\nto think that foreigners are led to judge our wives and\\ndaughters by this woman, who is trailing an honorable\\nAmerican name in the mire. I hope she is only an ad-\\nventuress and that her false pretensions may be exposed.\\nThe lady was afterward invited to leave the hotel. In\\nStuttgart, Dr. Steele studied German educational methods,\\nabout which he later wrote two or three excellent lectures\\nand parlor talks. The French History also was ad-\\nvanced there. He met many people of note. But he\\nleft without regret.\\nJanuary 21, 1874 The birds this morning sing under my\\nwindow as sweetly as if it were April. Yet the air is unin-\\nspiring and I long for the thrill and tingle of a good North-\\nern winter s day. I shall hail the summer and flit across the\\nAtlantic joyfully. I have had enough of Germany, thank\\nyou Yankees are good enough for me\\nIn February, Dr. and Mrs. Steele began a tour of six\\nweeks through Dresden, Berlin, and other German cities.\\nMarch 20 they reached London, again taking up work\\nin the British Museum, making from thence some inter-\\nesting excursions.\\n126", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "The Traveller\\nApril 22 On Tuesday next we start for Brighton,\\nIsle of Wight, Salisbury, Tintern Abbey, Llangollen,\\nSnowdon, Britannia Bridge, Dublin, and Killarney. We\\nhave high expectations of that to end off our European\\ntravels.\\nSaturday I was present at the obsequies of Livingstone,\\nand saw his coffin lowered into the grave in the main aisle\\nof Westminster Abbey. It was a magnificent, solemn\\nspectacle. The greatest men of England were present,\\neager to do honor to the illustrious dead. The Queen in\\nher gracious pleasure sanctioned the ceremony, by sending\\nher empty carriage to follow the hearse. Our President came\\nto New York to bury Greeley. But this act of the Queen\\nwas here considered a mighty condescension.\\nMay I At Brighton we spent a delightful half day in\\nthe great Aquarium. Then crossing to Ryde we took a\\nforty-mile sweep on the Isle of Wight. The scenery along\\nthe coast is charming. The gashes in the hills, the beetling\\ncliffs, the fresh foliage, the nestling bays, the clustering\\nvillages all make a rich variety. Back to the mainland, we\\ntook the train at Gosport and rode to Salisbury, wandered\\nabout its cathedral by moonlight and by daylight, and above\\nall saw the bleak, desolate plains and Stonehenge Words\\nfail me here. I leave you to imagine it, and only say it\\nsatisfied.\\nThis morning I spilled over at Chester. The mag-\\nnificent view from the Wyndecliffe, the picturesque banks of\\nthe Wye, and the famous old ruins of the Abbaye of Tin-\\nturne as the chronicles have it were more than I could\\ntake in, and as if that were not enough, at noon we went to\\nNewport, and all this afternoon we have been running up\\nthrough Wales, skirting the most beautiful valleys and, every\\ninstant almost, catching glimpses of a wonderful prospect. I\\nsat almost the whole time in a very quiver of delight, thrilled\\nwith the sense of beauty. To-morrow we go on to Ban-\\ngor or, may be, shall cross over to Dublin. But then, the\\nbest of all to us is the thought that every mile takes us nearer\\nhome and friends.\\n127", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nHis happiness in going home was unbounded. On\\nboard ship he expressed in a letter the pleasure he had\\nfound in his glorious season of travel, but added\\nTo me, however, the great joy lies in the fact that I am\\ngoing home. I never loved my native land, her people, her\\ninstitutions and her customs, more than I do now. My heart\\ngoes out in solemn thanksgiving for her social and religious\\nfreedom. I look eagerly to a land where the only nobility is\\nthat of manhood.\\nHe found the class distinctions of the old world ex-\\ntremely distasteful. The only eminence to his Uking\\nwas that founded on those qualities which could com-\\nmend themselves to a citizen of a republic. The pomp\\nof social circumstance often aroused his disdain\\nEngland likes proud footmen, royal fuss and feathers,\\nand titled pomposities. To be born a Duke is here greater\\nthan to be an Agassiz, a Milton, a Cuvier. No money, no\\ntalent, no genius, no discovery, no invention, can place a man\\non a par with birth. Murchison, Livingstone, or Tyndall\\nhad no position beside a Duke or Marquis.\\nIn August, 1877, Mrs. Steele s father died, and soon\\nafterward the third foreign tour was taken. They re-\\nmained in London that winter and spent six or eight\\nweeks in Paris after the opening of the Exposition. Just\\nbefore their return to America in July, 1878, they en-\\njoyed a charming visit of a week in a typical English\\nhome that of Dr. Core in Manchester, who had been\\nreviewing the manuscript for Dr. Steele s Physics. Dr.\\nCore had been recommended by Dr. Balfour Stewart,\\nfor whom he had performed the same service. While\\non this visit to Dr. and Mrs. Core, the Americans met\\n128", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "The Traveller\\nDr. Balfour Stewart and many other distinguished scien-\\ntific men.\\nIn 1 88 1 Dr. Steele was again in Europe. July i6,\\nhe wrote\\nLondon is full of Americans. I should judge there were\\nfive hundred at Spurgeon s on Sunday. He gave us a\\nglorious sermon on Christ our Apple tree. You remem-\\nber the verse in the Song of Solomon.\\nJuly 28, 1 88 1. London Yesterday I attended the funeral\\nof Dean Stanley. There were only eighteen hundred tickets\\nissued, so 1 consider myself fortunate in receiving one. The\\nceremonies were very impressive and the attendance of high\\ndignitaries was beyond anything I have ever witnessed. The\\nPrince of Wales, several princes of the blood, Dukes, Bish-\\nops, Professors of high renown, and commoners known on\\nboth sides the Atlantic, thronged the Abbey. The untitled\\njostled against my Lord and Lady, and all sank to the level\\nof vulgar sight-seers. The story of the scramble is long and\\nI must leave it until I see you. It is hardly credible.\\nThere were quite a number of Americans present.\\nMr. F sent some flowers. Mr. D secured a re-\\nserved seat, on the score, I believe, that he once gave the\\nDean some American bread and butter, and fed him with\\ntaffy when he was in New York. It is said the Dean was\\nsweet on New York after that. Perhaps it had an inter-\\nnational influence.\\nThe Queen sent a wreath of roses with a line in her own\\nhand. She writes legibly and neatly.\\nI need not give a description of the pageant, as you have\\nalready seen that in the New York papers. It is a constant\\nwonder to me to find how fully our home papers keep up\\nwith the Enghsh news even the minor gossip and detail of\\nthe daily London press appear, summed up, somewhere\\nParis, Aug. 23, 1881 I have just made the acquaintance\\nof Mr. Eads, of Mississippi River fame. He is a very pleas-\\nant man indeed. I suppose you saw him on your trip to\\nNew Orleans. He has told me all about his ship-railroad\\n9 129", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nplans. They are wonderful and, if any one can work\\nthem out, he is the man.\\nAugust 26, 1 88 1 The streets of Paris are by no means\\nso pleasant as when you and I trudged to and fro along the\\nSeine and among the book stalls. One very agreeable\\nchange has been made. Nearly all the omnibuses have been\\nfitted up with winding stairs to ascend to the top, such as\\nyou remember were on the Sevres tram-car, on which we\\ntravelled one memorable summer day during your visit here.\\nWell, I soon detected the convenient arrangement, and\\nthis afternoon took Mrs. Steele and our niece Nellie upon\\nthe top of a huge omnibus the whole length of the Boule-\\nvards, Rue St. Honor^ and the Champs tlysdes. We de-\\nscended at various points and visited everything of interest\\non our way.\\nThe view is infinitely better than from a voiture, while\\nthe cost of the whole was exactly three francs and sixty\\ncentimes. So we had the satisfaction of getting a better\\nthing for less money a combination not often found. We\\nwent at an hour when few workmen were moving, and by\\nwatching our chance got front seats next the driver, where\\nwe escaped the cigar puffers behind. Mrs. Steele pro-\\nnounced the trip without a rival, and I expect I shall be\\ncalled upon for an encore.\\nTo do this feat successfully one needs to get an omni-\\nbus map, study it carefully, have patience, and know how to\\nuse French with the men in charge. I found my fellow\\ntravellers only too anxious to tell the name of everything we\\npassed en route, and to aid us to the utmost. The French\\nsentences I threw at the people must have equalled Mr.\\nWegg s staggerers, but the imperturbable countenances of\\nthe French carried them through, and they made no sign.\\nBy the way, a friend, long resident in Paris, tells me\\nthat it is not the politeness of the French that keeps them\\nfrom laughing when people make mistakes of this sort in\\ntheir presence, but they actually see no fun in it. To the\\nFrenchman there is nothing in a verbal blunder to laugh at,\\nit is a solemn reality.\\n130", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "The Traveller\\nParis, Sept. 2, 1881 I want to tell you how much\\nI have enjoyed the International Electrical Exposition.\\nWhen I first arrived I met Minister White, who had\\nstopped here on his way home from Berlin. He told me\\nhow valuable the exhibition is and I immediately went to\\nsee for myself. I have spent nearly all my time there.\\nIt is worth a passage across the Atlantic. Everything in\\nthe history of electricity is on view, and every novelty in\\ntheory and application can be compared with another. I\\ncan hardly talk of anything else.\\nWe are going back to London. I shall atterad the Great\\nCEcumenical Conference of the Methodist Church occasion-\\nally, but the majority of the last days left us now will go\\ninto the Museum.\\nIn 1883, in reply to a letter from General Barnes,\\nagain abroad, Dr. Steele said\\nWould I had been your guide in the British Museum\\nI am sure I could have found, on many an Assyrian slab,\\na better giddy throng than that of which you speak.\\nYea, I could make you forget all about Hyde Park in\\nthe presence of some four-thousand-years-ago Egyptian\\naristocrats. Especially I should have liked Mrs. Steele\\nthere to show you the original of her graphic scenes, and\\nlet you see how the pictures really represent what the\\npeople of those times thought of themselves. But instead\\nof this we are toiling over the Modern Peoples. I am\\nmaking a desperate effort to have it out by September first.\\nI have added several new features as we have progressed.\\nMrs. Steele has just finished a delicious chapter on Life\\nin Merrie England under Queen Bess. I am busy condens-\\ning Louis XIV. and putting him in small packages. The\\nGrand Monarch would have been shocked had he dreamed\\nit would ever be proposed to give him only five pages in a\\nHistory. But to such limits have I squeezed him, red shoes,\\nfloured wig and all!\\n131", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nOther letters to his friend speak of his work and of\\nhis wish that it did not prevent him from another enjoy-\\nment of certain points abroad in the good company of a\\ncongenial spirit. But, except in memory, he travelled\\nno more beyond those places in his own country where\\nduty, pleasure, or the need of relaxation called him.\\n132", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIII\\nTHE HOME-KEEPING HEART\\nHE was happy as he tarried or wandered among new\\nscenes, but his home-keeping heart was happiest.\\nFrom that summer day in 1859 when he was united to her\\nwho so fully possessed his love, the place dearest to him\\nwas where they might, at will, shut out the world and\\nbe a better world to each other. In every separation\\nhis letters longingly pictured the reunion of the home-\\ncircle, and his daily Civil War letter had always some\\nyearning, pathetic reference to our quiet home.\\nMy heart can hardly wait until war is past and I can\\nonce more take up our happy life in Mexico, in that home\\nwhere we had no cares and together did the work I love.\\nAfter the Newark School engagement was made and\\nwhile Mrs. Steele was in the west visiting a married sister,\\nDr. Steele rented a pretty cottage and had it entirely\\nfitted up for her return as a surprise to her. The whole\\nvillage was interested, and planned to be at the house\\nto witness the denouement. But the friend with whom\\nMrs. Steele supposed she and her husband were to board\\ntelegraphed the returning traveller to come a day earlier,\\nthus preventing a kindly-meant reception which might\\nhave been rather overwhelming.\\nThe surprise was a great success. The husband took\\nthe wife ostensibly to their landlady s home, where she\\n133", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nthought it a matter of course to find their own furniture\\nin rooms that were to be theirs. It was not until she\\nwas hospitably shown over the rest of the house that she\\ndivined the loving scheme.\\nThe memory of their sojourn there was always dear to\\nhim. From Elmira in 1867 he wrote Mrs. Steele, then\\nvisiting in Newark\\nI keep wondering what you do, where you stop, and\\nhow you get along, and imagining whom of all our friends\\nyou are greeting and if it seems as much like home to you\\nas ever. I so much prefer that quiet, country life. It seems\\nas if I should be perfectly happy to-day if I had a place\\nthere this spring, a garden to make, chickens to feed and a\\ncow to milk, through all the long vacation.\\nHis attachment to people and places, dear through\\nassociation, partook to the end of life of the same affec-\\ntionate tenacity. It was this trait which determined him\\nto fix upon Elmira as a permanent home when certain\\nconsiderations seemed to make other cities more practi-\\ncally desirable.\\nHe had sold the Lake Street house near the Academy\\nwhen he went to Europe in 1872, and on the return\\nfrom the second trip abroad the question of another\\npurchase came up. The book publishers persuasively\\nsuggested New York the faculty and trustees of Syra-\\ncuse University urged Syracuse Dr. and Mrs. Steele\\nhad serious thoughts of a country house on the Hudson.\\nBut the clinging of the heart to Elmira, the dread of\\nagain breaking church and social ties, prevailed.\\nMrs. Steele was absent when their latest home was\\nbought and all the conditions and the arguments for and\\nagainst were discussed by letter. When everything was\\nat last decided Dr. Steele s joy knew no bounds.\\n134", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "The Home-Keeping Heart\\nO, with what unutterable longing I look forward to\\nthe prospect. I have grown tired enough of this straggling,\\nhubbub life, when we could be so happy and comfortable\\nby ourselves in our own quiet home. I begrudge every day\\nof nomadic existence and the happiness it is losing us. I\\nwas never gladder than at the prospect of getting you here\\nand into oitr own house once more. There is hard work to\\nbe done but then it will be home a permanent one I hope\\nand I am well content.\\nThere were many alterations necessary and it was not\\nuntil November 1874 that they found themselves settled.\\nThat winter was one of great enjoyment after three years\\nof wandering and boarding. So also passed the spring\\nand summer of 1875, Dr. Steele taking keen pleasure\\nin his garden, a pleasure constant and lifelong, dating\\nfrom their earliest married years.\\nFrom Newark, May 25, 1865, he had writtten\\nOur garden prospers. I set out a lot of tomato plants\\nlast night. I now have eighty-six alive and in good health.\\nI have hoed my corn. We have had lettuce twice. I have\\nnever eaten tenderer.\\nElmira, 1868 The garden gives me great satisfaction. I\\nworked there two hours last night.\\nJuly 4, 1876: Yesterday I set out cabbage plants and tur-\\nnips. Our lettuce is now crisp and delicious. I am tying it\\nup every day to keep dense heads ready for use. Will have\\nsome blanched for you when you return.\\nIn 1880: Our early peas are coming up. Very prompt,\\nis n t it Just think only April sixteenth We have never\\nhad such a season since I made garden on West Clinton\\nStreet. I drove down to Griswold s nursery yesterday to\\nget some new grape-vines. The air after the rain was ex-\\nhilarating. I wished you were with me to share in the\\npleasure. Prince made some good bursts of speed.\\n135", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nMay 27, 1S82: Our radishes are melting for sweetness\\nand tenderness. My hotbed is the best I have seen any-\\nwhere.\\nTo General Barnes he wrote August 14, 1885\\nIt would he delightful to join you and yours at the sea-\\nshore and renew our Rue Jacob experiences a little bit. The\\ndifficulty is my home is so attractive now, the garden so fas-\\ncinating, the vegetables so luscious, the flowers so beautiful,\\nand the hills so invigorating. I really dislike to leave\\nElmira at this delightful season of the year. As I write, the\\nrain has just ceased and my lawn is green and fair as any I\\never saw in Merrie England. Why should I not stay and\\nmake the most of it after my long work\\nTo this beloved home he welcomed many, his church\\npeople, his old pupils, various savants who delighted in\\nhis company and the friends who lay nearest his heart.\\nReferring to a projected visit from General Barnes, he\\nwrote, June 1875\\n\\\\iyou prefer you may go to the hotel. We prefer to\\nhave you stay with us. We can shelter both you and your\\ntroop. As to pieces of baggage, we can make room for\\nany small number say two to six in our house I have a\\nbarn besides, and yard room, and I could rent a tenant house\\nnear by. I shall pile up my books, throw away my pen and\\nink and give myself up to a grand jollification while you are\\nhere. I only wish it could last longer.\\nIn his home, most of her life from childhood, lived a\\nfiivorite niece of Mrs. Steele, and later an adopted son,\\nboth of whom he took into his fatherly heart. His\\ntalent for parenthood is in part shown by quotations from\\nletters to Mrs. Steele\\nSept. 6, 1868 I do not object to Nellie s romping. It\\nwill develop a good, solid, physical foundation. Better that\\n136", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0182.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "The Home-Keeping Heart\\nthan to be puny and feeble. We will let her romp miscel-\\nlaneously and only cultivate enough to keep the better\\nideas of life before her understanding that the aim of all\\nthings is preparation for the future.\\nAgain: My love to all especially Nellie. Is she not\\nready to come home I have a great deal to tell her. The\\ncircus and many other things have been in town. Kiss\\nher on any smooth spot for me.\\nWith what seriousness, yet humorous sympathy for\\nchildhood, does he speak of his experience when left\\nalone to care for the children\\nI cannot say our young gentleman has become an angel\\nsince you left. His spots are still visible even to the naked\\neye. But he is trying, he says, to be good all the week and\\nI think he is making considerable exertion. Yesterday he\\nwas put into the chair for meditation only once, and that\\nnot till evening. It was quite a red-letter day in his calendar\\nand he points to it with much satisfaction because, except\\nfor that one mistake, he was very pleasant and kind and got\\nhis candies, and some applause from the pit.\\nIn a letter inclosed in his will he mentions these\\nbeloved members of his family with pathetic tender-\\nness, having already provided liberally for their future\\nfinancial needs.\\nOne of his especial favorites was the little daughter of\\nhis publisher-friend.\\nI am greatly obliged, he wrote General Barnes, for\\nHattie s photograph. She has, as you know, long been\\nbeloved by me. May she always keep as good and pure as\\nshe is beautiful.\\nDr. Steele s home life, however busy, always included\\nthoughtful oversight and appreciation of the humblest\\n137", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0183.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nworker in his household. He mentions that the new\\nman-of-all-work has learned to manage the furnace to\\nperfection and that he changes the cold-air draft with\\nintelligence and without watching as wind and weather\\ndemand. He tells how he has settled the business of\\nthe cook s late hours by a thorough talk, yet all was\\ndone kindly and pleasantly, and he is pleased with\\nher forbearance and submission. She serves all the\\nmeals well and cheerfully everything is as you would\\nwish it.\\nHis interest in all that pertained to the home was\\nkeen and helpful. Always gentle, always considerate, he\\ntreated every wish of its mistress with a courtly defer-\\nence and decision which made her rule over others easy\\nand absolute. His domestic sense took account of every\\ndepartment. One vacation when he had been married\\nabout four years and Mrs. Steele was necessarily absent\\nfor some time, he electrified her by writing that he had\\nput up in cans about thirty quarts of berries, and\\nadded If you disapprove of this you can take them\\nout and re-can or jam them or whatever else you call it.\\nHis enjoyment of the personal possessions that be-\\ncame theirs in early life by dint of economy and plan-\\nning was as great as in those larger treasures that came\\nso easily in later days\\nJuly 31, 1864: When I returned through Rochester, I\\nremembered the lack of religious works in our library and\\nbought Counsel and Comfort and The Everyday Philoso-\\npher, by the Country Parson Views and Experiences on\\nReligious Subjects by Henry Ward Beecher; Thoughts\\nfor the Christian Life, a series of most excellent sermons\\nby Drummond with an introduction by Dr. Holland. I am\\ndelighted since buying. The Country Parson is, you know,\\n138", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0184.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "The Home-Keeping Heart\\nconsidered among the best of Atlantic Monthly writers. I\\nwant also Dr. Clark s new work, Man all Immortal. I\\nshall buy this at Buffalo this week. I wish I could afford a\\nset of Irving. I read his Mahomet and his Successors\\nthis week. It was like the Arabian Nights. Still I have\\na higher idea of the Prophet than before. He was a real\\npresence.\\nApril, 1874 ten years later he wrote General\\nBarnes\\nYour plans for a library stir my blood. I do so much\\nwant and need one myself. I have now about three thous-\\nand volumes to put on the shelves, so I could arrange\\nby subjects at once. Perhaps the books may sell briskly\\nenough to enable 7ne also to put up an appropriate and there-\\nfore more modest library. I cotdd get along without stained\\nglass windows or a Guido Reni in the ceiling.\\nBut no wish for what he would like and had not,\\ncheated him of pleasure in that he had\\nTo his wife, May 10, 1869: As usual, when you are\\ngone from home, I sit down at my desk in the old corner,\\nwhere I have written for so many hours. This may not be\\na very handsome desk nor very valuable, but it has seen some\\ndays of hard work and some triumphs achieved. It is almost\\nsacred to me with its wealth of associations. I bought and\\npaid for it when I could not afford anything better. I cling\\nto it now when my purse has grown somewhat longer and\\nbetter filled at that.\\nThis desk still stands with the workman s tools upon\\nit and the workman s unfinished manuscript within it.\\nBy the side of the rusted pen, the bottle of dried ink,\\nand other writing implements, unused since the hand\\nthat made them sacred was stilled, love places its daily\\noffering of flowers. The chair, with a silken sash tied\\n139", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0185.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nacross its arms, has never invited another occupant.\\nBut His Corner is hardly more orderly now than\\nwhen it was the scene of his busy labors, for the personal\\nhabits of Dr. Steele were those of the most refined neat-\\nness and system. He knew where every book in his\\nlibrary should be, and every scrap of paper on his desk.\\nSo it was in his teaching days with the intricate appar-\\natus of his laboratory, on any piece of which he could\\nlay his hand in the darkest night without mistake.\\nThis instructive systemization, so apparent in all he\\nundertook, doubtless contributed largely toward his suc-\\ncess in literary work.\\nMore and more as years went by, the heart of the\\nhome-lover turned toward its satisfying tranquillity. In\\nJuly, 1884, he was obliged for literary reasons to be in\\nSaratoga on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his marriage.\\nOn that day Mrs. Steele received from him an anni-\\nversary letter of such delicacy, fervor and beauty of\\nsentiment as might well place it among the model love-\\nletters of the world. A few lines outside the body of\\nthe letter, which he called a Lean-to read thus\\nIsn t it a delight, too, that when I come home it will not\\nbe to go off to some store or office, but just to sit down in\\nthe familiar spot, to talk it all over together and float on as\\nwe will down the stream The channel is dug the tide\\nis strong our bark is fairly launched and success has\\ncrowned our endeavor. At the quarter-of-a-century turn it\\nwill not be amiss for us to number up all God s mercies. I\\nam so grateful and happy to-night in spite of my exile. It\\nseems as if you were very near.\\nOf the home life of Dr. Steele, a Kentucky lady who\\nwas a familiar visitor, wrote after his death\\n140", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0186.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0187.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0188.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "The Home-Keeping Heart\\nWhile others may speak strongly and lovingly of this\\nman, great in wisdom and greater still in simplicity, I am\\nconstrained to write of him as the charming host, and\\nreverently of what he was to her whom he left alone. As\\nI often went to that home unannounced it was easy to judge\\nhim faithfully.\\nHe was always cordial in his greeting, even when busy\\ncares and later weary pain bore heavily upon him. At\\nhis table, where conversation took a lighter turn, his eyes,\\nwhich having seen one can never forget, would lighten and\\nhis whole expression be one of keenest interest. He was\\nemphatically a good listener.\\nI can scarcely speak of his wonderful devotion to her\\nwhom he loved so strongly and purely, without emotion. It\\nwas that of one who had found all his longings satisfied in\\nher.\\nTo have known the home life of Dr. Steele is a blessing.\\nThe sincere prayer arises Make me better, O my Father,\\nbecause of it.\\nIn i860, at twenty- four years of age, the young hus-\\nband had written Our new stove keeps fire most\\nbeautifully. It had live coals from last evening at nine\\nuntil half-past eleven this morning.\\nThus he loved from the first the light of his home fire\\nand all it symbolized. It was within sight of its chaste\\nglow that his final summons came.\\n141", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0189.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIV\\nAS OTHERS SAW HIM\\nMY first and intensest memory of Dr. Steele is as to the\\ninspiring quality of his glance. Not the dullest pupil\\ncould withstand those life-full eyes. They positively com-\\nmunicated thought. A slumbering idea, a latent power of\\nexpression, sprang into life under that gaze. His criticism\\nof a pupil s work, though thorough criticism, accompanied\\nby that look was never discouraging. You were always put\\non your feet by it.\\nThese, the words of the salutatorian of the Elmira\\nFree Academy class of 1868, confirm the testimony of\\nmany others as to the peculiar power of his alert,\\nbeholding eye.\\nMrs. M. E. M. Davis, the New Orleans poet and\\nnovelist, says in reminiscence of a visit of Dr. and Mrs.\\nSteele to that city\\nWe sat one night on a wide gallery, draped with the\\nKing s Colors, and watched a carnival procession, glitter-\\ning with lights and radiant with beauty, uncoil its shining\\nlength along Canal Street. The theme was French History.\\nAs one float passed with its group of figures, half mythical,\\nhalf historical, I said:\\nWhat does that group represent, Dr. Steele\\nI do not know, returned the learned scholar placidly.\\nBut, I ventured, amazed, You who have written a\\nFrench History do you really mean to say that you do\\nnot know what this tableau from French History means\\n142", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0190.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "As Others Saw Him\\nHe turned his beautiful eyes upon me, quizzical with\\nlaughter. My dear child, he said, No one can really\\nknow more than a few things. The truly wise man is he\\nwho knows where to find his facts when he wants them\\nAnd wiser is he, he added gayly, who does not hunt facts\\nduring the carnival With this he bent his eyes once\\nmore on the merry scene in the street below.\\nIt is a privilege to have known such a man, so simple\\nand childlike, yet so strong and wise so brave and yet so\\ngentle; tender as a woman; sturdy and unflinching in char-\\nacter as one of his Puritan ancestors pure and noble of\\nmind, whose life made the world better, whose death left\\na gap which cannot be filled. With a loving hand I write\\nthese words.\\nProfessor William Wells of Union College, once an\\ninstructor at Genesee College, was at a Regents Con-\\nvocation, where a paper on co-education was presented\\nby a committee who made no mention of the work done\\nat Genesee College and Syracuse University the\\nformer the first co-educational college founded in the\\nstate, the latter its outgrowth. In these two institutions\\nthe system of co-education had been adopted with fear\\nand trembling and became, a grand success through\\nobloquy and trial,\\nThe injustice of this cool neglect, said Professor Wells,\\nor this incredible ignorance, aroused my own wrath and\\nits fervor was still more enkindled by the appealing eyes of\\nJ. Dorman Steele, who sat facing me. Near him also was\\na lady whose hfe and labors had been largely shaped by her\\nco-educational training at Genesee College. When the\\nmodern Daniels had done, though not of the committee, I\\nrose and asked the privilege of presenting my case, and\\nI need hardly say that I felt the inspiration of my old pupils,\\nbeing especially aided by the beaming glances of Dr. Steele,\\nwho was so excited that he could hardly keep still, while I\\n143", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0191.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\naffirmed that co-education was a success before some of\\nthose young men were born who were now reporting on it\\nas an experiment.\\nIn personal appearance, said one who described him\\nwith an exact and pleasant pen, Dr. Steele was tall and\\nslim his hair, brushed straight back, revealed a high, broad,\\nintellectual forehead; his eye was soft and pleasant; his\\nnarrow face relieved by dark side-whiskers his mouth\\nindicative of firmness blended with gentleness. He was\\nquick to recognize the friends he met his eye kindled at the\\nsight, his voice was cheery, the grasp of his hand warm and\\ncordial. In conversation he was genial, social and instruc-\\ntive. His words flowed readily, and one rose from talking\\nwith him feeling better and more inspired to action. He was\\nunselfish, generous, faithful ready to praise what seemed\\nto him commendable, and to speak a kind word for all that\\nneeded it.\\nEvery one who conversed with him felt the charm of\\nhis peculiar elevation of thought. Always natural, never\\npedantic or obtrusive, with a large range of practical\\nand literary themes to draw from, his words were a\\nwealth of instruction.\\nSaid a lady I shall never forget the day I walked\\nhome with Dr. Steele from church, over twelve years\\nago. I told my mother when I reached home that to\\nwalk with him was an education.\\nIt was at St, Augustine that Miss Berthe Louise\\nQuirin, of Boston then a child of seven made the\\nacquaintance of the grave but companionable Doctor.\\nHe was always ready to explain anything that perplexed\\nmy childish mind. His clear and simple words impressed,\\nand his gentle, lovable nature attracted me. He never\\nposed, as so many do, in talking on serious subjects to\\nchildren, and a long talk with him was always a pleasure,\\n144", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0192.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "As Others Saw Him\\nfor he adapted himself to my understanding and led it into\\nchannels of keen and delightful interest. Dr. Steele must\\nindeed have been a very fruitful teacher, under whom it was\\ngood fortune to study.\\nHe always had a pleasant smile for me and we soon\\nbecame great friends. We used to walk along the old sea-\\nwall, and though he seemed so grave and dignified, he would\\nlaugh with me at the little funny stories and jokes I told\\nhim. Young as I then was, the impression of his kindliness\\nhas never faded.\\n.It was during a winter spent in the land of sunshine and\\nflowers, writes Mrs. Hill, wife of Hon. David Jayne Hill,\\nAssistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C, that I\\nlearned to know and love Dr. Steele. I feel that I met him\\nat his best, surrounded by the great kingdom of nature,\\nto which his soul was so keenly allied, and every mood and\\nvariation of which were to him phases for interpretation.\\nAny topic he touched upon became at once in the\\nsimplest and most unostentatious manner a source of en-\\nlightenment. The charm of his speech, I think, lay in the\\nstraightforward purity and simplicity of the man behind it,\\nand in a certain elegant absence of effort which at once put\\nhis hearers completely at ease.\\nDr. Steele shone in the firmament of social life as he\\ndid in the sphere of the intellectual. Even the clods felt\\na stir of might under the stimulation of his presence.\\nHe was quick to recognize a joke, being endowed with\\na preternaturally keen sense of humor, and his tongue was\\nnot a whit behind when opportunity and his circle were to\\nhis liking.\\nIn every class of society the same traits won recogni-\\ntion. Bishop Charles H. Fowler, the celebrated orator,\\nwas one of his College classmates. He says\\nI recall him as always pleasant. His open face, ready\\nsmile, and genial recognition made him a welcome guest and\\na delightful companion.\\nlo 145", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0193.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nShortly after Dr. Steele s death, Rev. Charles N. Sims,\\nthen Chancellor of Syracuse University, wrote\\nMy acquaintance with him began while I was a pastor in\\nBrooklyn and he was prospecting for a Chancellor. He had\\nbeen in my congregation, after services introduced himself\\nto me, and dined with me that afternoon. My first im-\\npression never changed, except that my estimates grew\\nhigher as I knew him better.\\nHe was a scholarly gentleman, a shrewd observer, a\\nman of excellent business and common sense. He was a\\nsingle-minded, reverential Christian, loving his church with\\na steadiness and fervor arising from a conviction that it was\\na great, saving grace among men.\\nHe possessed the rare capability of strong and perman-\\nent friendship. He clung tenaciously to his friends and was\\nfortunate in holding them without estrangement. His legacy\\nto society is the record of a blameless Christian life of a\\nstrong, earnest scholarship and an authorship which was a\\nvaluable contribution to the educational facilities of hundreds\\nof thousands of young people who have used his text-books.\\nThe world is better because he has lived in it.\\nMajor George H. Stowitz, writing largely but not\\nentirely from a veteran s point of view, said\\nThe memory of the personality, loyalty, and patriotism\\nof J. Dorman Steele is a pleasure. He came before the\\nState Teachers Association, in session in Rochester, in the\\nsummer of 1862, fresh from the battle-field, wounded, his\\narm in a sling. Standing before that body of educators, in\\nhis uniform of blue, he related in simple, eloquent words the\\ninstant need of the government for more men. There was a\\nready and united sympathy of feeling and approval, and the\\nwriter, with other teachers, was soon enrolled to swell the\\nnational army.\\nFew men have more endeared themselves to the fra-\\nternity of educators than did Dr. Steele. The toil of his busy\\n146", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0194.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "As Others Saw Him\\nbrain will bear fruit, long after those who knew him and\\nrejoiced in his merited fame shall have passed away.\\nSuch as those given were the affectionate words from\\ncountless friends and admirers who had known him as\\npupils, associates, fellow-soldiers, the companions of his\\nhours of work or leisure. Children, clergymen, educa-\\ntors, each saw him from an individual standpoint, but\\nall with earnest admiration. The history of his life from\\nthe beginning was full of the favor of God and man. A\\nletter from Benton C. Rude, Esq., the valedictorian of his\\ncollege class, shows how this was true of the youth, and\\nbrings a breath of the fresh, young days of preparation\\nfor all he had to do\\nI first became acquainted with Dr. Steele in September,\\n1855. I had just entered the freshman class of Genesee\\nCollege and he had just passed into the sophomore class.\\nWe might have been long in getting acquainted but for the\\nfact that our peculiarities brought us together. Among the\\nmany students, he attracted me first by his somewhat un-\\nusual pedestrian qualities. The prevailing college style\\nthen was a slow, indolent, lounging gait, while young Steele\\nswung ahead with long, rapid strides, slightly leaning\\nforward, and looking neither to the right nor the left, as\\nthough his presence was sorely needed somewhere and he\\ndid not wish to keep anybody waiting.\\nI had a strong sympathy with that kind of walk and my\\nperformances doubtless attracted his attention as his had\\nmine, and in a few days we struck up an acquaintance which\\nbecame an intimacy that lasted throughout our college-\\ncourse and long afterwards. It did not take me long to\\nfind out that if not the most approachable of the young\\nmen gathered there he was one of the most gentle and\\nkindly.\\nThough appreciating fun as much as any of them, he\\ndid not join in the rough, practical jokes which are always\\n147", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0195.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nin vogue in such schools, and in which the humorous part\\nalways consists in some person s suffering or humiliation.\\nHis kindly nature kept him out of such things, but, though\\ndisapproving of them, to the knowledge of their perpetrators,\\nhe was rarely or never made the victim of such pranks. The\\ngood-natured way in which he took a joke at his own ex-\\npense dissipated all the pleasure of perpetrating it upon him.\\nThe boys soon found this out and gave him no further\\ntrouble.\\nExcept when the societies to which he belonged met, he\\nwas almost always in his room evenings. Certain hours were\\nsacredly devoted to study, and as much additional time\\nas the case required. But in fair weather one hour of the\\nday was invariably given to exercise. That was the hour\\nafter supper, which he gave to walking. I frequently ac-\\ncompanied him, and when I could not go he usually went\\nalone. Few cared to cover ground so rapidly as he usually\\ndid.\\nHe was a steady attendant at society meetings, debates\\nand literary exercises, in which he took an active part.\\nEven in the societies to which he did not belong it was\\ngenerally understood that he was, without any pretensions to\\noratory, a skilful debater. So far as I know, he was without\\nan enemy. But, though on friendly terms with everybody in\\nthe college he had few intimates.\\nAll his life he was kind and friendly to all, but he\\nhad few intimates. In 1875 he wrote to General\\nBarnes, in reply to a letter of the latter, after the death\\nof Dr. Steele s father\\nYour words of sympathy, affection, and remembrance\\nare appreciated with all my heart. You know I do not wear\\nmy heart upon my sleeve, and that when I use the word\\nit has a meaning. You are my only friend in that fuller\\nsense of confidence and repose. As you say in such friend-\\nship words are not essential.\\n14S", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0196.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "As Others Saw Him\\nTo the friendship of these two, Dr. Steele brought an\\nunrestrained participation in its phases, and a freedom\\nof confidence most unusual to him. Could their delight-\\nful and voluminous interchange of letters be allowed to\\nenrich this narrative, it would show a rare, remarkable,\\nand fortunate attachment. Dr. Steele, to whom many\\nhearts turned without disappointment, found in the\\nfriend of his foremost choice a sane comprehension of\\nconditions a clever sense of values intellectual\\nacumen; commercial sagacity; dexterity in complica-\\ntions coolness in crises and over, through, and above\\nall an open-hearted, sympathetic and chivalrous affec-\\ntion. The fidelity of the friend and publisher never\\nwavered before nor after the day, when he stood, a\\nsincere mourner, at the open grave of his friend, the\\nauthor.\\nThe last winter of Dr. Steele s Hfe, spent in Florida,\\nincluded a few weeks in Jacksonville, at The New\\nEverett, kept by a young hotelman, to whom, after his\\nreturn, Dr. Steele wrote a letter of thanks for courtesy\\nshown to himself and wife. He received the following\\nin reply\\nOnly a real good and good-hearted gentleman will take\\nthe time and trouble in this busy, rushing world, to sprinkle\\nwords of congratulation and encouragement in the path of\\nthe young aspirant to success in his particular calling.\\nYour time and words were not thrown away. You made\\nothers happier and more hopeful, and this knowledge repays\\na man like you more than bricks of gold.\\nThe spontaneous tributes of many of widely differing\\ninterests have been given, to show what others saw in\\nhim of whom this book is a meager memorial. Perhaps\\ni.|9", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0197.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nnot all the lovely flowers of fragrant speech could perfect\\nthe cluster without this last honest, hearty offering, bear-\\ning the perfume of grateful good-will. They came from\\none whose earnest civility of attention had gone beyond\\nthe mere service of the paid host, and risen to the plane\\nof generous impulse. They brought to the recipient,\\nupon whom the chills of death were already creeping, a\\npleasant warmth a final breath of that last Southern\\nwinter. Only a man who knew his kinship to every\\nother man, and intuitively acted upon it, could have\\ninspired them.\\n150", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0198.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XV\\nTHE TALENT FOR INDUSTRY\\nTHE so-called favors of fortune never made any\\nman great. People are born to greatness only\\nso far as they are gifted with the possibilities of achieve-\\nment, and when any study is made of a story of accom-\\nplishment it is usually found that the victor has won\\nexactly where many others have wrought indifferently\\nor failed utterly. And he has won through the courage\\nof conviction, the courage of action, the courage of\\npersistence, and the courage of endurance. Those who\\ncry down his phenomenal success, by intimating that\\nit has come mainly through the lucky accident of fav-\\norable opportunity, are moved by an inconsequent\\njudgment.\\nThroughout his life, wherever Joel Dorman Steele\\nstood in any capacity, others stood beside him with\\nequal choice of privilege, or had gone before with equal\\nsanction and support. If any young man would learn\\nthe secret of his success let him study the lesson of his\\napplication and continuity.\\nIn 1 86 1 the young principal of Mexico Academy, dis-\\nsatisfied with his equipment as a teacher of Latin and\\nGreek, returned to Genesee College for a short review\\nand some advanced instruction. In the evening after\\nhis first lesson from Professor Bragdon he wrote Mrs.\\nSteele\\n151", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0199.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nMarch 12: I am satisfied I have been giving good in-\\nstruction in scanning. Though needing some pohshing, my\\nsystem is right. Professor Bragdon says my plan is just\\nthe thing for college preparation. I need a good deal\\nof smoothing off and have made some mistakes in pronun-\\nciation. They were but few though in which I find\\nconsolation.\\nBut I find a new pronunciation in Latin obtains which\\nis becoming very popular. Professor Bragdon has adopted\\nit, also Brown, Rochester, and other universities. It is not\\ndifficult, yet will require hard work for a few days. I shall\\ntake it because my boys who are going to Rochester must\\nhave it. It seems odd, yet I am satisfied of its propriety and\\nam delighted with it.\\nI am doubtful about coming back as soon as I expected\\nsince I find so much to do. Do not look for me very strongly\\nas I must not come until this pronunciation is perfect. I am\\nso nervous about these studies that I cannot write very well.\\nSo excuse my mistakes.\\nThe means and time of this young man, eager to fit\\nhimself for better school work, were so limited that he\\ngave eighteen hours a day to his tasks. Yet, having just\\ngained fresh enthusiasm and ability in teaching, he left all\\nhis new plans and hopes for camp and battle, carrying an\\nequal lavishment of energy to their strange experiences.\\nWe are now handling the shovel and the hoe with great\\nprecision and skill. If tedious employment it is at least\\nperfectly safe, and if not glorious work it is very useful. I\\noften feel sundry twinges and twaitgs to remind me of my\\nphysical inefficiency.\\nThus to every task appointed he addressed himself\\nwith the same spirit, and a remarkable story of indomit-\\nable industry runs side by side with a record of resolute\\nresistance to the encroachments of progressing infirmities.\\n152", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0200.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "The Talent for Industry\\nHe was never strong. A dozen years before his\\ndeath, said The Academy in June, 1886, he broke\\ndown from overwork. But he husbanded his strength\\nand still worked, constantly and systematically.\\nTo his wife\\nElmira, Jan. 6, 1S67: The last few days I have had\\nsome tokens of rheumatism, in a new place the feet. I\\ndid not understand it. For two days I walked with great\\ndifficulty. Yesterday morning when I awoke, my ankle was\\nstiff. Then I recognized the critter as my old friend and\\nstandby. In the night my trouble took the form of head-\\nache same thing in another guise.\\nRegular school duties commence to-morrow and my\\ntime will be fuller than usual, for I add Greek to my work.\\nThis morning I led my Sunday-school teachers class. Then\\nI preached for Brother Van Benschoten. Was just com-\\nfortably satisfied with myself nothing more. After lunch-\\neon 1 further prepared my Sunday-school lesson, went to\\nSunday-school and had a capital time. Our lesson was first\\nchapter of St. John, first seven verses. Read those verses\\nand then imagine how a little child could be interested\\nand a big one too\\nOne little boy on the front seat forgot what he was\\nabout, rose and came forward half way to me on the floor,\\nstanding until we finished. I was deeply astonished. It\\nwas a season of especial interest. But I am very tired to-\\nnight; if you were here I would remain home from church.\\nBut it would be too lonely without you.\\nSept. 6, 1868 We have numbered and catalogued the\\nbooks, and the library is ready for use. It was a great task.\\nNext week I must catalogue the apparatus and commence\\nthe State report. Another month s work but I am good\\nfor it, I trust\\nLater 1868: The last of my proofs came yesterday\\nwith the index. I compared every figure and subject with\\nthe proof of the body of the work, to see if the paging was\\nright. Oh, how my arm ached with turning the leaves\\n153", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0201.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nFrankie K and Nellie S then kindly looked through\\nthe whole book to find certain words I wanted to omit.\\nAfterward I looked alone through the book line by line.\\nI did not clear the proof from my desk until eleven at\\nnight. I was extremely tired. But now that the Natural\\nPhilosophy is off my hands I feel happy and gloriously\\nfree\\nNew York, Feb. 17, 1870: All tell me I must not work\\ntoo hard. They, however, expect the Geology this sum-\\nmer, for which advance orders for one thousand copies are\\nalready received.\\nIn the summer of 1 871, he greatly felt the strain of\\nhis labors. August 16, General Barnes wrote\\nI am greatly pained and troubled to notice by your\\nDubuque letter how feeble you are. Oh, Professor, that\\nwon t do Pray go to some quiet place and play and fish\\nand stop thinking.\\nIn January, 1872, Mr. A. S. Barnes, then in Florence,\\nItaly, wrote to his son\\nI am sorry to hear that Professor Steele is ill. You\\nmust constrain him to drop his pen, or bring it and his wife\\nto Europe, settle down in some quiet place and complete his\\nPhysiology. One year in Europe will make him and his\\nbooks much stronger than if he continues to write, half sick\\nin America. This, I am persuaded, is good advice, and if\\nfollowed will give him a longer life and make him more use-\\nful to his fellowmen.\\nWhen the above was received Dr. Steele was already\\nabroad. He was again much debilitated when he em-\\nbarked for his second tour. He wrote General Barnes\\nhimself in Europe from Watertown, May, 5, 1873\\nOne thing which still more inclines me to go to Europe\\nis this fact I have had three of my brain attacks this\\n154", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0202.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "The Talent for Industry\\nspring, already. And I remember the recruiting I did\\nabroad last summer; the strength I gained has carried me\\nthrough all the work of the last ten months. I must learn\\nto use my strength more sparingly when I have any on\\nhand. But the lesson is very hard\\nJune 28, 1873, London: I do not feel quite like work.\\nThe brain attacks I had just before coming leave me weak\\nin the upper story. Yet I seem to myself to improve and\\nhope to be soon at my labors.\\nThe attacks referred to were congestive and in the\\nform of headaches of a most violent character.\\nJuly 10, 1873, London: Thank you for your hearty invi-\\ntation to join yourself and Mrs. Barnes. We want to accept,\\nbut do not feel quite easy in our minds when we think of\\nsacrificing work to fun. The year s labor has been\\none of the hardest, if not the hardest of all my service.\\nThe revision of the Chemistry, the preparation of the\\nKey, and the proof-reading that drudgery of drudgeries\\nof the two books, besides all the regular manuscript work,\\nmade a total of annoying, vexatious, and exhausting effort,\\nbeyond anything I ever had before.\\nI was constantly urged to get out each one of the books\\nat the earliest possible moment, for this, that, or the other\\nreason. Aside from these things I do my best work\\nwhen I work many hours a day. My brain turns out its\\nbest product only when driven at high pressure, day after\\nday. If I take things easy my sentences are dull, heavy,\\nand cumbrous. Only when my whole nervous system is on\\nfire do my sentences sparkle and my style become lively and\\nentertaining. Every paragraph, therefore, worth keeping or\\nthat at all satisfies me, takes just so much of my life force,\\nand exhausts me to that extent. A good sentence consumes\\nsomething which meat and drink do not promptly supply.\\nIt represents nervous energy and everything that goes into\\nmy books comes out of me.\\nAfter I have written a fine description that is, for me\\nI feel a sense of loss which never accompanies such writ-", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0203.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\ning as letters and the like, which produce merely physical\\nfatigue. Then there is a vast amount of study in connec-\\ntion with my book work. Perfection comes from labor, and\\nI expend much time on my books. But I never grudge any\\npains or time given to revising, polishing, or verifying. It\\nmay sometimes seem of little account, yet it goes to make up\\nthe value of my books. Certainly now I dare not be care-\\nless. Critics watch for every new attempt, thinking now\\nthey will catch me nodding. It is impossible, they say, for\\na man to write such a variety of books and be good at each.\\nSo it comes constantly to my mind that I must care\\nalways for the larger things of accuracy as well as for the\\npoints of style, perspicuity, selection of words, and so on,\\nthat I must not slacken, lest I fall.\\nThis brings me back to my statement that this year\\nhas been terribly exhausting, with its burden of sorrow, ex-\\ntraordinary business cares and correspondence, its two\\nbooks, the key, and all the rest. Am I not right in saying\\nthat each book must be harder than the preceding one I\\nthank you for your words of warning I do not wish to\\nwaste labor neither do I want any book of mine to fall\\nstill-born from your press.\\nJan. 21, 1874, Stuttgart: I have been going through the\\nslough of despond in my German History, but this week\\nhave come to hard ground, I hope. I have finished the in-\\ntroduction and got Charlemagne in sight. He already\\nassumes fair proportions and I think I shall trot him on to\\nthe stage so as to show him properly. German history is\\nwonderfully complex. Church history covers a large part\\nof it and makes it confusing and difficult to treat.\\nElmira, May 24, 1875: I still live, though I have\\nrecovered from my illness slowly. I find myself head\\nover heels in work.\\nJuly 4, 1876 I have written quietly and steadily all\\nday on the Exposition, which is my task now, and a big\\none at that. I feel very uncomfortable and dissatisfied\\n156", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0204.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "The Talent for Industry\\nas to my progress and success. This last was to Mrs.\\nSteele, to whom again he wrote December 26, 1876\\nBy some means a form was put to press without waiting\\nfor my final corrections In looking carelessly over\\nthe pages, I detected, on page 29, a grammatical blunder.\\nWas it not too bad Of course I fumed and fretted and\\nsputtered and hurried oH messages to New York to change\\nthe plates at once. Then I went through the whole book,\\nexamining the agreement of every verb. It took two days\\nbut I found no other error.\\nIn 1879 Dr. Seaming of New York city made a care-\\nful examination of Dr. Steele s physical condition. He\\nwrote Dr. William Wey, an eminent Elmira physician,\\nwho had introduced the patient to him, stating that\\nhe found no organic disease of heart or pleurae. His\\nmalady was pronounced an exhausted and perverted\\nnervous function of the organic nervous system, and\\ncertain derangements were declared to be the results\\nand evidence of this. A lengthened period of hygienic\\nand other treatment, with freedom from exhausting\\nlabor outdoor life and pleasant occupation, were sure,\\nthe doctor thought, to restore him to comfortable life\\nand usefulness. Dr. Seaming said that, at one time, he\\nwas himself in much the same condition all from over-\\nwork but that proper diet and hygienic treatment re-\\nstored him.\\nWhatever encouragement Dr. Steele could gather from\\nthis he took, and went on his way with patient and fear-\\nless front. But he was not idle. He tried to lessen\\nthe strain, but natural diligence, intensified by habit and\\npublic demand, made complete rest a seeming impossi-\\nbility. During the next half-dozen years the duties of\\nlife went busily on. He was better, he was worse, he\\n157", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0205.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nloved and enjoyed the world he wrought for it with\\nheroism.\\nJan. 28, 1880, St. Augustine, Florida: The pleasant\\nsunshine and quiet comforts of this delightful place already\\nmake us happy in the prospect of recovering energy. I\\nhave n t in years so much felt the need of rest say since\\nI went abroad first in 1871. And I am in just the mood to\\nenjoy the repose I feel I have earned by many years of hard\\nwork.\\nThat season in Florida was a most interesting one and\\nthe letters he wrote were full of event.\\nMarch i General Loring, a Confederate officer, is here.\\nI have had many conversations with him. After the war he\\nwent to Egypt and commanded the Khedive s forces. He\\nwas received with great eclat on his return a month since.\\nAll eastern Florida turned out to do him honor.\\nThe old Confederate soldiers were in their glory and\\nthe Marshal of the day was once an officer under Semmes.\\nYet nowhere did there appear a Confederate symbol of any\\nkind. The monument in the Plaza in honor of the Confed-\\nerate soldiers from St. Augustine, killed in battle, was\\ndecorated, but the speakers made no allusion to the Lost\\nCause. A party of serenaders, late at night, played Dixie,\\nbut that was a pardonable display of sentiment. Strangely,\\ntoo, the mottoes spoke of the General s exploits in Mexico\\nand Egypt, but were silent on the subject of the Civil War.\\nThe General is equally reticent, and when the other day\\nthere was reference made to it by some gentlemen, he in-\\ncontinently disappeared. It shows the good sense of the\\npeople, does it not\\nOn every side I see hearty acquiescence in the results of\\nthe war and an agreement that the abolition of slavery has\\nbeen an advantage to the whites. But when it comes to the\\nquestion of the negro s future, their views are not like those\\nof the North. Souls rally slowly from inherited instincts.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0206.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "The Talent for Industry\\nSlavery was destroyed by a stroke of Lincoln s pen, but it\\nwill be generations before its effects on black and white will\\nbe obliterated.\\nIt was of St. Augustine that Miss Quirin wrote\\nOnce as my mother and I were driving on the Shell\\nroad, our horse, maddened by the buzzing, stinging gnats,\\nstarted to run away, and my mother, who was driving, be-\\ncame frightened and unable to hold him. Dr. and Mrs.\\nSteele were taking a walk outside the gates that afternoon,\\nand seeing our distress Dr. Steele came out into the road,\\nseized the bridle and, after a short struggle, stopped the\\nhorse, patting and quieting him. The sudden and violent\\neffort was too much for him, however, and his kindness\\ncaused him some minutes of acute suffering from palpitation\\nof which we grieved to be the cause. But his generosity\\nmade him always forgetful of self.\\nThoughtful and unselfish courtesy, and its equivalent\\nan avoidance of what might discommode another\\nwere indeed characteristic of the man\\nI try not to disturb any one, he wrote Mrs. Steele once,\\nfrom a temporary boarding-place. I go to my meals\\npromptly and never sit down after eating. I think that will\\nmake the family least trouble.\\nAfter 1880, the indications of Dr. Steele s progressing\\ndebility multiplied, but his diligence knew no abatement.\\nSt. Augustine, Jan. 21, 1881 In coming south the ex-\\nposures and sudden changes prostrated me entirely. I was\\nsick a week at Washington and two weeks at Atlanta. In\\nthe latter place I got so weak and suffered so much pain\\nthat my physician said I must leave for Florida and milder\\nweather at once. I have improved every day since I came\\nand though they actually had to lift me on the cars when\\nthey sent me on my way I can to-day get up and down", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0207.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nstairs without help, by using my cane. I dislike to trouble\\nothers with my aches and pains and mention my illness\\nonly to account for my long silence.\\nElmira, Aug. 15, 1881 The Ancient History moves\\nalong still, like the brook that goes on forever. I am\\ngaining steadily. But I shall have to stop soon and devote\\nmyself to my Astronomy revision quite a year s labor.\\nIt is a long look-out, but just what I gave to the Chemis-\\ntry and the new Physics. Now the Astronomy de-\\nmands it in turn.\\nElmira, Jan. 13, 1883: The Doctor has been urging me\\nto go away to recuperate. I am glad I shall not have to\\nwrite another book like the General History especially\\nthe Modern Peoples. I think I told you that cost me\\nmore work than any other book I ever attempted. I have\\nspent six months in sandpapering the manuscript.\\nOne week afterward, General Barnes wrote Dr. Steele,\\nwho had gone to New Orleans\\nI can plainly see that you lay down your pen this time\\nwith great weariness. Poor fellow Your conscientious-\\nness evidently increases with experience, and it occurs to me\\nthat perhaps you do your books too well. I do not believe\\nthat there is a text-book maker living who digs out for him-\\nself so much and appropriates so little from others.\\nElmira, Oct. 4, 1883. To General Barnes: The An-\\ncient Peoples was begun in 1877 September. So that\\nHistory series Ancient, Mediicval, Modern, and\\nGeneral has cost me six years. How little I dreamed\\nthat I was undertaking such a task tlie most difficult of\\nmy whole life How often I have been tempted to give up\\nin despair at the amount of reading and study required in\\nthe labor of investigation\\nOct. 15, 1883 I am really recovering at last, slowly and\\nsteadily, but I hope surely. My brain rallies reluctantly,\\nbut even that shows tone, and this week for the first time I\\nhave thought that nature may have strength enough to put\\n160", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0208.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "The Talent for Industry\\nme back where I was only give her time for the beneficent\\nwork.\\nSt. Aygustine, February, 1884 In spite of rain and\\nwind I have been able to get my constitutional every day.\\nHow I have enjoyed the long walks, even during the North-\\ners, while every little while comes a perfect day out of the\\ngates of paradise, when just to bask in the sun and drink in\\nthe delicious sea-breeze is a delight. The flood of sunshine\\npours in through our five windows and glorifies the room.\\nSaratoga, June 26, 1884. To Mrs. Steele: The water\\nas usual, affects me favorably. Last night I had the first\\ngood rest for a week. You know I had begun to toss about\\nat night before leaving home, on account of my hard work.\\nI am so glad you open and answer all my letters. I do not\\nfeel equal, just now, to the labor of writing, except on the\\nwork I must do and for which I came.\\nThe work referred to was his paper prepared for the\\nCentennial of the University of Regents for the State of\\nNew York, before which it was read his last pubUc\\nwork of this sort.\\nFrom General Barnes, July 31, 1884 I tremble for you\\nunder this high pressure, regretting very much that it seems\\nto be necessary at this time. In your place I think I should\\nhave let the Astronomy sail through the heavens for another\\ncycle, and take its chances. However, you would, and so\\nyou would I am afraid you are a little obstinate. I am\\nwretchedly uneasy.\\nIn the winter of 1885 Dr. Steele wrote General\\nBarnes\\nI have felt for some time that I have been running on\\nthe ties. And to Mrs. Steele later I get a little blue\\nsometimes at the prospect of weak eyes the rest of my life.\\nIf I can only get my Chemistry and Physics revised\\nbefore they fail entirely\\nII 161", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0209.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nHis eyes gave out while he was revising United States\\nHistory and gave him much trouble thenceforward. Yet\\nhe worked on with varying condition of health and hope\\nbut no deviation from his thorough-going habits.\\nWho can estimate the weariness of application, de-\\nmanded by ceaseless vigilance in composition and con-\\nstant revisions, prompted by a spirit restless in view of\\npossible error? Take his Physiology, for example, in\\nwhich he competed with physicians trained to their\\nwork by a lifetime of experience. Though unused in\\nhis course for the student, he felt the need of investiga-\\ntion that would fill him with the spirit and language of\\nthe schools, so that nothing written should offend the\\nprejudice or cultured instincts of medical men. In this\\nhe was eminently successful.\\nThe same is true of the new nomenclature of the re-\\nvised Chemistry. He had to master the system and\\nthen simplify it so as to adapt it to beginners. Of these\\nthings he once said The days of reading, trial, and\\nstudy the attempts and the dissatisfactions none of\\nthese appear in manuscript or book.\\nLittle can the average reader know by what cost of\\ntoiling the bulky paragraphs were condensed into a few\\nsentences how often chapters were thrown away, or re-\\nwritten so many times that the original was forgotten\\nhow much fine work produced at high pressure was sac-\\nrificed for the sake of brevity what bondage of purely\\nmanual labor was represented in the pages that passed\\nunder his hand.\\nDr. Steele s remarkable fortitude is well illustrated by\\nan incident which occurred in 1858 during his first\\nyear s teaching in Mexico Academy. While conducting\\nan experiment in chemistry a piece of phosphorus was\\n162", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0210.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "The Talent for Industry\\ndropped on the back of his hand by a careless student.\\nInstantly it burst into flame, burning to the bone and\\nmaking an ugly wound. He carried his hand in a sling\\nfor weeks. Speaking of this after his death, Dean\\nFrench, in whose family the young teacher boarded,\\nsaid\\nI used to wonder how he could endure without flinching\\nthe daily dressing of that hand. Though his face betrayed\\nthe intensity of the pain he endured, he never withdrew his\\nhand from the operator, nor ceased to be cheerful, indulging\\nin humorous remarks during the process.\\nThis youthful, unflinching courage foretold the un-\\nyielding pluck of the marching soldier the valor of the\\nwounded captain leading on his men and the resolu-\\ntion of the worker, who in spite of racking pains could\\npatiently advance the duty in hand while undergoing\\nharassment of mind and body, afterward taking pleasure\\nin a little respite, with thankfulness and cheer.\\nDoubtless many an ambitious beginner, mindful of the\\ntemporal rewards that came to Dr. Steele, may have felt\\nan impulse to compete for like prizes. Let any such\\nmark well the weariness of the race and only with brave\\nhumility dare to set foot upon the track.\\n163", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0211.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVI\\nlife s immortal beauty\\nAFTER the news of the death of Dr. Steele had been\\ntelegraphed over the country, Rev. Dr. Charles\\nW. Bennett himself an erudite scholar, teacher,\\npreacher, and author of distinction wrote to the\\nNorthern Christian Advocate, of Syracuse, these mourn-\\nful, commenting queries Why do such men die so\\nyoung? Is there not a suicidal phase to these young\\ndeaths? Why cannot men work on until they are seventy-\\nfive Please answer this in your next leader. There is a\\nmoral side to this question that it will do to enforce.\\nRev. Dr. O. H. Warren, at that time the able editor\\nof the Advocate, made a just and comprehensive reply, in\\nwhich he said\\nWithin various limitations the conservation of life is\\npossible to every man, and amid all differences of opinion\\nconcerning the sudden breaking and premature death of so\\nmany hard-working men there is agreement in the judgment\\nthat it is largely due to overwork and an incessant and too\\ntense strain on the nervous system. Ought a man to take\\nupon himself a greater burden than he can reasonably hope\\nto carry from year to year, without injury to his health, until\\nage shall diminish his strength This is a question of\\nduty.\\nBut duty, indicated by providential leadings, or by those\\ndemands which are met in the prosecution of one s mission,\\nis love s justification of self-sacrifice, or the imperilling or\\n164", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0212.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "Life s Immortal Beauty\\nlaying down of one s life. And duty, it should be remem-\\nbered, often takes life by instalments, and it is sometimes\\ndifficult to tell where its fatal draft is made.\\nTake for instance the life of the lamented Steele. He\\nwas a man who conscientiously guarded his health but\\nthere was a moment in his life when he heard the call of his\\ncountry and answered it as a patriot. Hardship, privation,\\nexposure, wounds, taxed heavily a slender constitution. Duty\\nmade a heavy draft in those years and in the balancing of\\nthe account it was found that his days were shortened.\\nThere are thousands of emergencies less conspicuous than\\nwar with which men are connected in their peaceful pursuits,\\nby necessities and demands which they may interpret as the\\ncall of Providence. They find themselves in positions from\\nwhich they cannot escape without peril to great interests,\\nand they bear many burdens which they cannot throw down\\nwithout disaster to those they serve but they stand firm\\nand true, though duty takes an instalment of life as the price\\nof fidelity and success. The mother gives service to her\\nchild, the father to his family, the patriot to his country, the\\nChristian to his Master, subject to these instalments yea,\\nto the full draft of duty on life, if need be leaving the re-\\nsult with the Father in Heaven.\\nMore discerning words could hardly be written in\\nview of the life and death of him whose loss inspired\\nthem, and they are introduced at this time as luminous\\ncomment on the story of one whose sense of religious\\nduty included the consideration and understanding of\\nhis bodily needs, yet pressed him forward, in spite of\\nthem, to meet the obligations of higher demands.\\nDr. Steele had returned from a Florida winter in April,\\n1886, meditating fresh undertakings, yet aware of possible\\nand final interruption. On May 25 th he was looking,\\nand apparently feeling, especially well. Among many\\ncalls of that afternoon was one from a young matron and\\n165", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0213.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nfamiliar neighbor who came to show him a rare flower.\\nHe was interested, and produced its counterpart in his\\nown herbarium, pressed twenty-five years before. He\\nhad, indeed, both in Mexico and Newark, gathered,\\nclassified, pressed, and preserved many flowers, and his\\nletters of those years contained numerous accounts of\\nhappy hours spent in the woods, with botanical descrip-\\ntions of their floral trophies.\\nThe temperature had suddenly fallen that afternoon\\nand Dr. Steele had omitted his usual drive. At about\\nhalf past five he donned his overcoat and walked half an\\nhour in his garden and through the paths on the lawn.\\nAlready the plans for his annual seed-planting were in\\npart perfected. On returning to the house he was\\njoined by Mrs. Steele, prepared for dinner. He, how-\\never, complained of chilliness and aching bones, feared\\nhe had taken cold, suggested a hot foot-bath and said\\nhe would not dine.\\nMrs. Steele at once poured and brought him a cup of\\nhot cocoa and wished to assist in the details of the bath.\\nTo this last service he would not consent, begging her\\nto ring the bell for the servants, but before they could\\narrive he stood upon his feet, evidently to relieve a pain\\nabout his heart. His son, Allen, hastened for a physi-\\ncian, while the beloved niece, Nellie, aided in support-\\ning him. Directly, however, he began to sink, his arm\\nabout his wife s neck, his head upon her shoulder. By\\nthe time he had reached his chair, all was over. It had\\nbeen just forty minutes since he entered the house from\\nthe garden, and the plate that had been laid for him at\\nthe table was not yet removed.\\nDr. Wey, hurriedly summoned, came at once. But\\nhis skill was no longer needed for the master of the house.\\ni66", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0214.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0215.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0216.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "Life s Immortal Beauty\\nNeighbors and friends, called in haste, were seeking to\\nsustain and minister to the appalled family group, and\\nespecially to the stricken and distracted widow. Before\\nthem, lying on a couch where it had been placed, was\\nthe form of the beloved dead. The gentle heart had\\nforgotten its sharp, swift and final pang the tired brain\\nhad ceased its busy thought all the tasks of the willing\\nhands were done and on the pale and quiet features\\nlay a suggestion of that Heaven toward which the face\\nhad steadfastly turned throughout a trustful, obedient,\\nand benignant life.\\nSo long as those live who can recall it, there will re-\\nmain in Elmira a keen memory of the sorrow felt\\nthroughout the city. Words of admiration, affection,\\nand regret from hundreds eminent throughout the\\nnation sincere tributes of educational, religious and\\nsecular publications all these showed the place he had\\ngained in men s minds and the deference with which he\\nwas regarded but the hearts of his townspeople by the\\npain of personal grief, testified most fully to his recog-\\nnized worth and their consequent loss.\\nFuneral services were held on Friday, the 28th,\\nat two o clock. They were attended by a representa-\\ntive body of scholars and clergymen and by many\\nfriends and citizens. The ceremonies were of a simplic-\\nity in keeping with the character of the man. The body\\nwas laid to rest in Woodlawn Cemetery, a beautiful God s-\\nacre, and here, from sunrise to sunrise, so much of light\\nas Heaven gives shines upon his grave.\\nOn the Sunday following, a memorial service was held\\nin the Hedding Methodist Episcopal Church, Chancel-\\nlor Sims delivering a tender and impressive address,\\nhelpful, hopeful, and thoroughly mindful of the lessons\\n167", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0217.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nand ministry of the life that had so suddenly passed\\naway. Dr. Noah Clarke on the educational work, and\\nDr. E. M. Mills on the spiritual life of Dr. Steele, fol-\\nlowed. A large concourse of people listened sympathet-\\nically and sadly. One of the number, when all was over,\\nsaid to another with feeling It seems a strange wisdom\\nthat removes a man like Dr. Steele, cutting short his\\nwork and usefulness. It was a saying that expressed\\nthe thought of many a heart, burdened with grief in spite\\nof Christian faith.\\nBut Dr. Steele well knew in his last years that the\\nshadows slanted backward as he looked toward the west,\\nand his house was set in order for the sunset. And ac-\\ncording to his nature the preparation had in view the\\nperpetual influences of church and school.\\nThroughout his professional life he had never taught\\nan intellectual truth without a thought of God. On the\\nfine New England granite which marks his resting-\\nplace are these words, graven at the direction of Mrs.\\nSteele His true monument stands in the hearts of\\nthousands of American youth, led by him to look through\\nNature up to Nature s God.\\nHenry White Callahan, Principal of Kingston Academy,\\nN. Y., in speaking of this influence, declared\\nNo man of our generation has done so great a work\\nfor the cause of secondary education. Through every book\\nhe ever wrote breathes the spirit of religion, pure and unde-\\nfiled a strong defence at the outset against the agnostic\\ntendencies of modern science.\\nOf his capacity as an inspirer of faith, Mrs. Juliet\\nPacker Hill, already quoted, remarks\\nHe was singularly happy in his power of expression, in\\na talent for conveying to otliers what he himself felt at the\\ni6S", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0218.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "Life s Immortal Beauty\\nmoment. Here the pure altruism of the man, as a teacher,\\nfound its vent, and every one who came under his influence\\nunconsciously sought after truer and better standards. The\\nold tests and measures grew meager in the light of the ever\\nadvancing march of science as revealed to him. And his\\nwas a prophet s vision indeed The doctrine of evolution,\\nwhen in its infancy, found in his mind a hospitable shelter,\\nand as clothed upon by him became reconcilable with the\\ngreat truths of religion.\\nIn harmony with his past and his profound desire\\ntoward the future he sought to insure somewhere a per-\\nmanent science instruction that should recognize God as\\nan intelligent Creator. Of this he had talked with Mrs.\\nSteele as early as 1880 and they were agreed. The re-\\nsult of his resolutions appeared when his will was opened,\\nand it was found that he had bequeathed fifty thousand\\ndollars to Syracuse University to found a chair of Theistic\\nScience.\\nThus he asserted after death, as he asserted in life,\\nthe presence of a God in the Universe, thus he pro-\\ntested after death, as he protested in life, against a cold,\\nirreverent learning that knows Him not.\\nYour ministers, said Dr. Steele in an article on the\\nstudy of Natural Science, open the Bible and expound to\\nyou its contents. In my laboratory I open another volume,\\nwritten by the same Being, and my students, day after day,\\nread its pages and see with certainty and joy His footprints\\ngleaming on the sands of time.\\nThere are mysteries in religion and there are mysteries\\nin science, said he in a public talk on one occasion, and\\nthe exponents of both have made their mistakes. But let us\\npray most earnestly that during this transitional stage of\\nthought while we are in the din and heat of controversy\\nwe may learn to labor and to wait, that our faith may not be\\n169", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0219.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nshaken that earnest scholars may not be driven out of the\\nchurch by blind fanaticism that scientist and religionist,\\nboth equally sincere, both seeking new truths though in dif-\\nferent spheres, and all hoping to discover the eternal verities,\\nmay clasp hands and find the grand, central thought of all\\nlife and all time in the gospel of Christ. So may each see\\nthe same truth growing brighter and clearer with every dis-\\ncovery of science, every experience of religion, a mighty,\\npivotal fact on which shall swing the destinies of time and\\neternity.\\nSyracuse University, as the development of Genesee\\nCollege, was the alma mater of Dr. Steele. From 1870,\\nthe year of its transference, to the time of his death, he\\nwas one of the trustees, and as such annually aided in\\nmaking up its deficiencies, usually giving five hundred\\ndollars, a large sum in the first years of his success. To\\nthe University, from some of his first royalties, he gave\\nvaluable geological restorations, and to it, for science\\nand religion, he left his largest gift out of the fortune\\nof a man who was generous enough and broad enough to\\nmeasure his hard-earned money against what he honestly\\nbelieved to be the claims of learning upon him.\\nOn May 26, the day between the death and burial of Dr.\\nSteele, the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Elmira,\\nof which he was a member, burned to the ground. Its\\npastor. Rev. Dr. E. M. Mills, cancelling an out-of-town\\nengagement telegraphed a church official My church\\nis in ashes and my dearest friend lies unburied. The\\npathetic eloquence of these words well expresses the\\nconsternation and depression of the entire congregation.\\nBut the open hand of him who had brought his gift\\nin other crises had written a thing the people knew not\\nof. A legacy of eight thousand dollars was devised to\\nthe church. It would almost seem, commented an\\n170", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0220.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0221.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0222.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "Life s Immortal Beauty\\nElmira paper, as if he saw the disaster to come and\\nmade provision for it. It is Uke a gift from Heaven.\\nThe will of Dr. Steele when opened was found to con-\\ntain a letter to his wife, written six months before. The\\nletter, which is a long one, speaks of his desires and\\nhopes in reference to the disposal of his property and\\ntells why his various decisions were made. Its final page\\nis in part quoted\\nNow in conclusion I would say, if I could, how my\\nheart turns back to-day, and rejoices in the long, happy years\\nwe have spent together. How faithful you have been to me,\\nsharing in every labor, and aiding me to accomplish, by your\\nunstinted help and favor, what other wise I could never have\\naccomplished and how glad I am that these later years of\\nyour life have been and will be restful and abundant. I\\nhave poured out my thoughts here fully and do not even re-\\nread these final words of love and remembrance. Good Bye,\\nand Good Bye.\\nThe letter contained one sentence, in reference to\\nthe chair of Theistic Science, which had been carefully\\nobliterated with pen and ink. This sentence, after long\\nstudy and many devices, Mrs. Steele at last deciphered.\\nIt suggested that the possible increase of copyright\\nroyalties might soon enable her to make the University\\nbequest effective. Evidently on second thought he\\nsought to efface this, lest his wife, in her ardent desire\\nto fulfil his every wish, should carry out his suggestion\\nwithout considering her convenience.\\nThe money left to the University was subject to three\\nannuities. Mrs. Steele at once renounced her own and\\nassumed the payment of the two others. By this gener-\\nous act she insured the speedy establishment of the pro-\\nfessorship for which her husband had made ultimate\\n171", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0223.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nprovision, and she has since annually provided for all\\nits current expenses.\\nAs Physics was Dr. Steele s favorite science, it was\\nchosen as the basis of the professorship. But the Physi-\\ncal apparatus of the young University was exceedingly\\nmeager, and the eminent scientist who was called to the\\nchair was discouraged by the prospect. Again the faith-\\nful wife rose to the emergency, and to the thousands of\\ndollars she contributed were added other thousands by\\nthe appreciative trustees, so that, now, in the handsome\\nlimestone building which represents the Steele professor-\\nship on the University campus, there is an exceptional\\narray of rare instruments and as fine electric appliances\\nas can be found in any college in the land.\\nIn the matter of the church, as in the matter of the\\nuniversity, the wife exceeded the measure of her hus-\\nband s will. In the new building which rose upon the\\nashes of the old, she placed a large memorial window\\ndesigned by herself and executed by Donald MacDonald\\nof Boston. The upper half consists of four illustrative\\npanels. In the first his early piety is represented by a\\nfigure of Samuel at prayer it bears the legend Speak,\\nLord, for Thy servant heareth. The second depicts the\\nsoldier, David with his sling Thy servant will go\\nand fight. The third is the teacher, a guiding angel\\nI will speak of thy wondrous works. The fourth is\\nthe author St. John And he said unto me. Write.\\nIn the ornamental arch over the panels are the words\\nGod that made the world and all things therein, Him\\ndeclare I unto you. The lower half of the window is a\\ncopy of Raphael s cartoon of St. Paul preaching at\\nAthens, At the base, below the name and the dates of\\nbirth and death, are placed two inscriptions, side by side,\\n172", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0224.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "Life s Immortal Beauty\\nwhich read, respectively To perpetuate the memory\\nof a sincere Christian, a loyal patriot, a generous bene-\\nfactor and an earnest teacher, and This window is\\nhere placed by her to whom God granted the supreme\\njoy of best knowing the grace and beauty of his un-\\nsullied life. The exquisite coloring and workmanship\\nof this memorial window are unsurpassed.\\nOn the opposite side of the pulpit is another beau-\\ntiful stained glass window of equal size, a tribute from\\nsome of Dr. Steele s friends and pupils. It represents\\nthe parable of The Faithful Steward, and among other\\ninscriptions bears the texts God gave him riches and\\nhonor and he was a faithful steward, and Lord, thou\\ndeliveredst unto me five talents behold I have gained\\nbeside them, five talents more. His Lord said unto\\nhim, Well done, thou good and faithful servant thou\\nhast been faithful in a few things, I will make thee\\nruler over many things enter thou into the joy of thy\\nLord.\\nFrom small to great things in the record of his life\\nthe faithfulness of Dr. Steele s stewardship was conspic-\\nuous no less than the increase of his talents already\\nmarked. A letter to Mrs. Steele in 1862 says\\nI have applied my money to the wants of my soldiers\\nfamilies. Some of my men have been two months without\\na cent, and their families are suffering. I have loaned them\\nin all over a hundred dollars.\\nThis was the frugal, self-denying teacher-soldier, whose\\nsalary had never been more than eight hundred a year,\\nand whose livelihood depended on the favor of school\\nboards.\\nIn 1883 he wrote, in answer to an invitation to join\\n173", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0225.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nMr. A. S. Barnes and wife in a trip to cover interesting\\npoints both in and out of the United States\\nFor pleasure and physical benefit nothing could please\\nme more. But it involves large expense and I find the\\nincreasing demands upon me for generosity, together with\\nmy need of books, lectures and travel difficult to check.\\nPeople have an idea that I am really a rich man a sort\\nof fourteen-weeks millionaire and my responses to their\\nappeals seem to them niggardly enough. I have some heavy\\nburdens on me in church and elsewhere, so that my income\\nis nearly half absorbed before I touch it for personal use.\\nBut with all his liberal impulse it would have been\\nimpossible for him to carry to fullest usefulness his plans\\nfor others, without the constant and unselfish co-opera-\\ntion of one, who with perfect and remarkable sympathy\\nrose to the level of every intellectual and spiritual aspi-\\nration. Rare is the compatibility that is preserved\\nthrough the contrasts of an experience, begun amid the\\nrestrictions of narrow means and coming to the expan-\\nsions of large income, with all it implies of increased\\naccountability and social dignity. Dr. Steele, in the\\nspontaneous open-heartedness of habitual giving, as well\\nas in the deliberate proposals of far-reaching bounty,\\nfound himself always cordially supported by his wife.\\nTogether they talked, in the last years, of some gift of\\nabiding usefulness, and she warmly coincided with his\\nfinal decision that it should be the founding of the Syra-\\ncuse chair.\\nThere was, however, another noble-minded desire set\\naside by this choice, A dear dream he had often dreamed\\nhad been that of an ample public library in his home\\ncity. He concluded to talk no more of this, however,\\nas an individual undertaking, when he determined on", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0226.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "Life s Immortal Beauty\\nthe work that was wider in its scope and influence.\\nYet he often suggested it to his fellow-citizens as an en-\\nterprise for all. In a letter from the south to the El-\\nmira Advertiser, he wrote, in 1881\\nAtlanta has achieved what we in Elmira have desired\\nfor so many years a public library. Mr. Brown, president\\nof the library association, called upon me and gave me a\\nmost interesting history of the enterprise. If we could\\nonly find Mr. Brown s double a man who would give\\nhimself up, body and soul, to the great enterprise, I believe\\nwe might in Elmira establish a grand Public Library that\\nwould be the pride of the city.\\nAfter the chair of Theistic Science became a fact,\\nMrs. Steele, cherishing the memory of her husband s\\ngenerous instincts, and equally inspired by her own,\\nbegan to plan new things in loving remembrance. So,\\nin her loyal heart and mind, the library thought grew,\\nand finally became a definite project. It was several\\nyears before she felt she might safely begin positive\\nwork then she set in motion the bewildering detail of\\nprofessional and industrial stir necessary to the execu-\\ntion of her design.\\nThe corner-stone of Steele Memorial Library Build-\\ning was laid May 27, 1895, nine years to a day from\\nthe date of Dr. Steele s burial. In August, 1899, the\\nlibrary was formally opened to the public, and at once\\nfound extraordinary patronage.\\nThe gift when turned over to the people of the city\\nrepresented the sum of sixty-five thousand dollars, cu-\\nrios and pictures included. The building itself, which\\nis one of the handsomest edifices in the city, cost over\\nforty thousand. A great number of the volumes are\\n175", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0227.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nscientific, historical, sociological, and metaphysical.\\nThey are by the highest authorities and of untold value\\nto students and thinkers. The circulating department,\\nwhich carries benefit to many homes, is a growing and\\nincreasingly useful feature.\\nThe rich beauty and fitness of the library proper are\\nnot excelled, it is safe to say, within the state. Perfect\\nharmony of proportion, coloring, and equipment delight\\nand educate the frequenter, and every arrangement is\\nplanned with a view to the comfort and convenience\\nof those who come to take away or to remain for study.\\nThe finely lettered and gilded mottoes, which adorn the\\nfrieze on the four sides of the reading-room a sug-\\ngestion borrowed from the Congressional Library in\\nWashington are diamond chips of thoughts which en-\\nrich the memory of even a casual visitor.\\nRead not to contradict and to confute nor to believe\\nand take for granted nor to find talk and discourse but\\nto weigh and consider. Bacon.\\nKnowledge is the wing wherewith we fly to Heaven.\\nShakespeare.\\nGet wisdom, and with all thy getting, get understanding.\\nSolomon.\\nThe true university of these days is a collection of books.\\nIn books lies the soul of the whole past time. Carlyle.\\nGlory is acquired by Virtue, but preserved by letters.\\nPetrarch.\\nBeholding the bright countenance of Truth in the quiet\\nand still air of delightful studies. Milton.\\nBooks are a substantial world, both pure and good.\\nWordsworth.\\nEvery book we read may be made a round in the ever\\nlengthening ladder by which we climb to knowledge.\\nLowell.\\n176", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0228.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0229.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0230.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "Life s Immortal Beauty\\nNo nobler gift than a library can be offered to any\\ncommunity. If not a first, it is always an ultimate,\\nnecessity. It is in its ministrations the companion of\\nthe church and the school, and wherever founded, it must\\nbecome the centre of an uplifting and ampler intellectual\\nlife, charming and blessing successive generations. As\\nthe bounty of a man, it is an undertaking of no small\\nmoment. For a woman its inception and accomplish-\\nment is a vaster task, only to be measured by the en-\\nlightened gratitude of the generations that will enjoy its\\nadvantages.\\nMrs. Steele s fidelity to the expressed or apprehended\\nwishes of her husband have, as is seen, led her into an\\nindependent courage of plan and a fervor in execution\\nequal to her collaborative adaptability which amounted\\nto positive genius. And she has considered and aided\\nmany causes wherein the world has never seen her hand.\\nIt was the founder s wish to call her gift the Joel\\nDorman Steele Memorial Library, but in this she was\\noverruled by advisers. It therefore stands without dis-\\ncriminating title, but appropriately bearing the name\\nto which both husband and wife have brought distinc-\\ntion, and which must evermore call to mind the life it\\ncommemorates and the wifely devotion that seeks to\\nextend as he would have extended its gracious\\ngoodwill.\\nIn Syracuse, also, the names are connected with the\\nUniversity in equal and permanent honor. The faith-\\nfulness of Mrs. Steele in carrying out the provisions of\\nher husband s will, and her further abundant liberaHties,\\ngained the admiration and gratitude of the University\\nauthorities, and when, in 1897, a beautiful and commo-\\ndious Science building was erected, it was voted to carve\\n12 177", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0231.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "Life s Immortal Beauty\\nin the stone above the entrance the words Esther\\nBaker Steele Hall of Physics. The University had\\nalready, in 1892, conferred upon her the honorary title\\nof Doctor of Literature in recognition of her intellectual\\nattainments and achievements, and in 1895 she had\\nbeen elected to a place on the board of trustees.\\nThe immortal beauty of any life is its love and the\\ndeeds of blessing that spring therefrom. Over this the\\nshadows of death cannot prevail. Far and steadfastly\\nit shines from its altar of renunciation, obedience and\\nfealty. Far and steadfastly with undying radiance\\nstreams the enlightening glow of its pure flame, which\\nhas kindled and shall kindle many another holy ardor.\\n178", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0232.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVII\\nFROM HIS DESK\\nIN making up a volume illustrative of the character\\nand services of Dr. Steele, his personal letters and\\nliterary remains are an embarrassment of riches. The\\nbooks have been passed with their simple history of rise,\\nprogress and permanent power. They stand on the\\nroll of famous books forever, known in councils of\\nschoolmen, and teaching even when, superseded by\\nlater thought, their pages no longer fascinate the eye\\nand the heart of the young. Sold by the million, trans-\\nlated into Arabic and Japanese, used in many schools\\nof South America and put into raised letters for the\\nblind, they tell their own tale of the man back of them,\\nwho gave no countenance to any theory that overlooked\\nthe Divine Creator. They proclaim the teacher and the\\nauthor, who, more and more, as he was brought into the\\nrelation of care-taker and guide to the young, shook\\nhimself clear of the restraints of mechanical pedagogy,\\nand swung into the untrammelled freedom of a fine,\\nperceiving nature. They speak of the reverent be-\\nliever who taught spiritual things as potently as he\\ntaught intellectual things who throughout his life joined\\nthe knowledge of the schools to the wisdom approved\\nof God who looked beyond the careless hours of youth-\\nful wilfulness, plot, and rebellion, farther than any tempo-\\n179", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0233.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nrary condition of the schoolroom and saw the waiting\\nand just compensations of time.\\nBut his books probably contain not more than half\\nthe writings of his life. There were also countless lec-\\ntures, parlor talks, addresses for church societies,\\nentertainments, and conferences papers for teachers\\ninstitutes, associations, and conventions and some of\\nthe most practical and eloquent sermons ever delivered\\nin any pulpit or before graduating classes of young\\nstudents.\\nBesides all these there were letters so many that\\nthey would represent an ordinary man s lifetime of labor.\\nFrom the army he constantly wrote graphic letters for\\npublication, often several columns long. When abroad\\nor at any point in his own country distant from home,\\nhe sent to his home papers richly instructive and enter-\\ntaining accounts of all he saw and heard. On current\\ntopics, local or otherwise, he put into print the shrewd-\\nest good sense and a foresight that recalls to the reader\\nof this day the words once spoken of his prophet s\\nvision.\\nThis vision explains much of the enduring quali-\\nties of man and work. His opinions, written long ago\\non political tendencies, on alcohol and its problems, on\\nslavery and its outcome, on the status of the negro.\\nNorth and South, stand verified to-day. With quick\\nforesight he recognized the living truth, followed\\nwherever it led, and was able to forecast conditions\\nand to say the instructive word of present forbearance\\nand expectation. This quality enlarges the sphere of\\nany man and carries his life beyond death with infinite\\nexpansion and accomplishment.\\nThis chapter will be devoted to some quotations from\\n1 80", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0234.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "From His Desk\\nhis writings which seem especially to contain in them-\\nselves the heart of love, wisdom, and instruction. As\\nshowing the unconscious disclosure of his universally\\nconsiderate nature a few personal paragraphs are given.\\nThere is one little letter written to a young lady, a\\ndear friend of Dr. and Mrs. Steele, and called by them\\nin allusion to an epithet once playfully given, The\\nWily Fox. It acknowledged an announcement of her\\nbetrothal\\nYour message does not take me entirely by surprise.\\nA bird had whispered in my ear that the trap was set and\\nfrequently visited by a certain eager sportsman, while the\\nfox seemed to have lost much of its old-time wiliness. As\\na man I rejoice greatly over your capture at last. It is\\nanother triumph of my sex.\\nAnd now accept my sincerest congratulations over this\\ndefeat of yours which is a victory. A brimming quarter\\nof a century has taught me the blessedness of married life.\\nI can express no better wish for you than that your experi-\\nence may be the counterpart of mine.\\nAnother letter, written late in his ife, demonstrates\\nhis respectful attitude toward the opinions of others\\neven when they were contrary to his own. It is in ref-\\nerence to an evangelistic work not to his taste\\nThose things to which I object seem not only sensa-\\ntional but something beyond this, which I am unwilling to\\ncharacterize lest I misjudge. I cannot, however, sympa-\\nthize with them nor work in such meetings, and I feel that\\nmy absence from town has been beneficial, since I might,\\nby non-attendance, have been a hindrance to a revival which\\nseems to have done great good. It comes to me as a con-\\nstant admonition that what is one man s meat is another\\nman s poison. A method that really harms one may directly\\nbenefit another. I rose from hearing a sermon, not long", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0235.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nsince, saying to myself tliat I had done my duty and at-\\ntended church, but had received no help. Going home, I\\nwalked with a good brother who warmly expressed his\\nspiritual betterment. I was therefore bound to beheve that\\nwas a good sermon for somebody, and resolved to be increas-\\ningly careful about criticising from the mere standpoint of\\npersonal preference.\\nOf his attention to the claims of church methods his\\nletters amply testify\\nI spoke at the church sociable last night, and am pretty\\ntired this morning. I did not feel much like doing it, but\\nit was thought something about my travels would increase\\nattendance. Our friends seemed pleased.\\nThis was for Mrs. Steele, to whom alone he spoke of\\nthe effect of his public appearances as a speaker. From\\nhis impressive success at Lima, Commencement week,\\n1863, which fixed the attention of many educational\\npeople upon him, to the Regents Convocation address\\nof 1884, his dearest pleasure in applause was the thought\\nthat it would be grateful to her.\\nI exhibit this egotism of telling how the audience re-\\nceived my thoughts, only because I know it will be happify-\\ning to you.\\nBut hosts of private letters, with their temptations for\\na gleaner, must fold their revealinga away. The further\\nquotations are from articles prepared for the public which\\nasked for them and which he sought to instruct. The\\nfirst two date from his college life. Even in those days\\nhe wrote with wonderful discernment. Evidently later\\nin life he examined with some surprise these boyish\\nthoughts, for on a margin opposite a particularly excel-\\n182", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0236.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "From His Desk\\nlent opinion, neatly expressed, are these words in his\\nmature handwriting I wonder if this was original.\\nIt is interesting to note that those first reflections and\\nconclusions mark the foundation principles on which all\\nhis activity was based\\n1858 The world needs benefactors, self-sacrificing men\\nwho will devote their lives to promoting the happiness, not\\nof one body and one soul, but of many bodies and many\\nsouls.\\nA thought can never perish nor a thinker be dead.\\nEvery exposure of fraud is an evangel of hon-\\nesty.\\n1865 Nothing is of any value until it becomes sub-\\nservient to law. The lightning flaming its banners in the\\nsky may charm us or may frighten us its descending bolt\\nmay kill but its value becomes apparent only when a yoke is\\nplaced upon it and darting along its wire track it flashes\\nthought as the sun flashes light.\\nThe river flows toward the ocean almost uselessly\\nbut bind it, gather up its headlong force and a power is\\ndeveloped that grinds our corn, spins our cotton, weaves our\\ncloth and becomes the grand industrial agency of the arts.\\nSteam flies off the surface of boiling water and is lost to\\nview. But set bounds to it beyond which it may not pass,\\ncall out its latent energies, and a strength is secured which\\nbears the heaviest burdens and sweeps through the longest\\njourneys unwearied.\\nTake a child its passions are wild and inflammable, its\\nmind aimless, its will stubborn and refractory. Left to itself,\\nit has no power to control itself or others. It will grow up\\ndisorderly, impatient, erratic careless of the proprieties of\\nchurch and state, the rights of others and the duties of on-\\ncoming manhood. Let restraint be placed upon him let\\nhim understand the law that is the basis of authority let\\nhim be taught control of body and mind, and there comes\\ninto his soul and life an immortal strength.\\n183", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0237.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nFrom a lecture to young people, 1868\\nNo truth in science is clearer than that we reap just as we\\nsow. Nature is an inexorable master. She keeps her debt\\nand credit account without balancing till the last farthing is\\npaid. In the light-hearted jollity of youth we sow late\\nhours, hearty suppers, folly and dissipation. By and by\\nwith tears we garner pains, indigestion, and premature old\\nage.\\nWe are often startled by the crash that seems to wreck\\na fair reputation at a blow. Men cry out at the sudden\\ndownfall. The wise man goes to the root of the fallen tree\\nand there detects the marks of decay following the hurt of\\nan evil hour s thought or conduct. No great crime comes\\nsuddenly, except to the on-looker. O, how changed would\\nbe the life if we but reaped the harvest in the furrow\\nFrom a lecture to pupils on growth, 1869\\nCharacter is self-evolved. It is not something taken\\non a varnish, a gilding but an educating, a drawing out\\nof the forces of the soul. We hear a great deal about self-\\nmade men, as if they were a distinct class. It is a mislead-\\ning term. All men are self-made if made at all. All men\\nare self-educated, if educated at all. You cannot take on\\ncharacter. You must grow it. Other men s labor, no\\nmatter how well-intentioned, cannot impart it to you. Teach-\\ning even of the best kind, maxims of even the purest\\nstamp, information, facts, experience, are of no good except\\nthey stimulate growth, force you to think. Your studies are\\nonly valuable as they develop your powers. The thing that\\nwill constitute your fitness for life is your habit of thought;\\nyour quickness of apprehension your thoroughness of exe-\\ncution your power of adapting means to an end and of\\norganizing success the ability of self-control you have\\ndeveloped this forms the permanent part of your school-\\nwork. The rest will soon mainly go by the board and be\\nforgotten in the rush of life.", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0238.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "From His Desk\\nFrom Hints Pedagogical, a lecture for very young\\nteachers\\n1874: But, says one, I have some hard cases in my\\nschool. My friends, he is a poor carpenter who never\\nworked up anything but clear lumber. That farmer has\\nsomething yet to learn who never held a plough among fast\\nstones and hemlock stumps. Set your heart on making a\\nman of that rough boy, a woman of that forbidding girl.\\nThere is a deal of sentimentalism afloat on this subject,\\nespecially in little story-books with red backs and much\\ngilt. In these is shown how nicely a little and awful vaga-\\nbond was reformed, made to wear good clothes like a Chris-\\ntian and become a bright and shining light in easy stages.\\nBut Ignorance in reality is not so charming. Ignorance is\\nfilthy; talks bad grammar; swears; looks unamiable; plays\\nmean tricks accepts favors and forgets to thank the donor\\nis annoying and perplexing; takes good advice for the sake\\nof new clothes wears out the clothes and throws away the\\nadvice. But what of that There is your opportunity.\\nFrom a Parlor talk on German Schools, 1876\\nThe continent seems to me no place for the education\\nof our boys and girls. To the former especially the tempta-\\ntions are incalculably greater than here. The customs of\\nforeign society and of student life encourage that which must\\ndemoralize the pupil, and which in American circles would\\nbe a shame and disgrace. I can hardly see how a boy, left\\nalone at Paris or Berlin can escape unsullied, except by a\\nmiracle. He would be a new Lot in Sodom -a new Joseph\\nin Egypt.\\nYet, strangely enough, boys of sixteen or seventeen,\\nwith unfixed principles and unformed habits, are sent abroad\\nto pursue their studies with no relatives to watch over them,\\nno friends to care for them. Living in boarding-houses,\\nunfamiliar with the language and customs of the country\\nshut out necessarily from the really best society, removed\\nfrom the privileges of church and home, deprived of the\\n185", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0239.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nrestraints of public opinion, exposed to all the perils of a\\nstrange land, they are thrust out at an age when we should\\nsurround them with every safeguard.\\nBesides all this, there remains the fact that a boy\\neducated in Germany will inevitably imbibe notions alien\\nto our American and republican ideas. His manners, his\\ntypes of thought, his style of speaking and judging, will\\nbe affected. One sentence will embody any enlargement\\nof this argument: An American should be educated in\\nAmerica.\\nLet us gather around our own institutions. If we turn\\nour eyes abroad, let it be only to bring home the experience\\nof the centuries to enrich our native land. Let us enlarge\\nthe facilities of our universities, giving them professors,\\nlibraries, museums, and apparatus; pouring into their treas-\\nuries the wealth we may acquire; realizing that they must be\\nour centres of intellectual life the Gymnasia of our culture\\nand refinement the hope alike of art, literature, science and\\nreligion.\\nFrom The Scholar in Politics, a lecture of 1876\\nOut from the stir and struggle of a laborious life out\\nfrom the sharp clashings of scientific dispute out from the\\njanglings of theologic strife, where truth is the prize and God\\nis the umpire out from the political arena where disgrace\\nand shame mingle with the glory and achievement of\\nthis anniversary year I come in no mood for rounded\\nperiods on scholarly subjects with no laurels to cast on the\\nwell-ornamented graves of Bacon, Newton, Kant, or Spinoza.\\nI shall attempt no rhetorical antics or classical legerdemain.\\nThe questions of to-day stir my soul.\\nNot what Rome was but what New York is concerns us\\nmost vitally. My pulse quickens not at the message of\\nsome courier, clanking along the Appian way with news of\\nCaesar or Antony, but with the click of the telegraph and\\nthe elections of yesterday. Nineteenth century issues press\\nin on every hand and demand investigation. A thousand\\n186", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0240.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "From His Desk\\nsubjects challenge criticism in science, religion, art, litera-\\nture and politics. We cannot ignore them if we would.\\nThere are forces fast digging the channels along which are\\nto pour the tides of national life for the coming ages. The\\nworkmen are busy all about us. We hear the ring of the\\nspade and the rattle of the earth. Should not the scholar\\nanswer questions, guide forces, and assert himself in the\\npositions his education qualifies him to fill.?\\nEvery man here is a King. On each, therefore, rests\\nthe responsibility of the crown and the throne. In the early\\ndays of our history this was felt to be a privilege. The\\nmost highly educated men, University graduates, ministers\\nof whom at one time there was a superabundance in the\\nlittle colony clustered around Massachusetts Bay all took\\npart in the government.\\nTwo centuries have changed all this. We no longer\\ngovern ourselves but the politicians and place-seekers govern\\nus. We are told, forsooth, that the pool of politics is dirty,\\nand that he who would keep his garments clean must not\\nventure to go down, even though he be sure that it is an\\nAngel that is troubling the waters. A minister is allowed,\\nby sufferance, quietly to cast a ballot, but he is not to indi-\\ncate by word or gesture that he is an American freeman,\\ncapable of an enlightened judgment upon the men and\\nmeasures that are to rule the country. It has come to pass\\nif a man of any standing in a community, takes an active\\npart in a canvass, people begin to inquire at once, What\\ndoes he want It does not seem to occur to any one that\\na man with anything else to do would be willing to attend\\nprimaries or work at the polls from a sense of duty a wish\\nto see the right man (though he be not a personal friend)\\nelected to office.\\nIt is the duty and privilege of the educated man to\\nestablish an aristocracy of brains rather than one of the\\ndollar to assert the supremacy of mind and to seek for\\nintelligence, Christianity and culture the positions that right-\\nfully belong to them.\\n187", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0241.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nThe following are the closing words of a sermon de-\\nlivered before one of his graduating classes\\nWork, then, honestly, persistently, patiently, watchfully,\\ndevotedly building not for yourself and the present time,\\nbut for God and the blessed eternities. The years we were\\nto pass together are drawing to a close. The famihar hours\\nof song, of prayer, of earnest thought, of social joys, are\\nalready growing fainter in the distance, like the footfalls of\\na departing friend. Sweet and tender are these memories\\nas I stand before you to-night. Remember, I pray you,\\ntheir lessons of wisdom garner their wealth of sunshine for\\nthe darkness of some hour yet perchance to come. Stand-\\ning here on the brink of the present, I ponder the future.\\nThe future O, that I could prophesy to you of that\\nBut I need not. Brother, sister, put thy hand in God s\\nhand. He will lead thee where the counsels of the elders\\nwould fail, and the strong man would falter and fall. The\\ntempest-tossed ocean of life must be crossed but I hear\\nthe loving words, Peace, be still. And far away, amid\\nthe gathering mists and darkness of the on-coming years,\\nI see the signal lamps swinging and flashing and beckoning\\nto our Father s house.\\nIn July, 1884, Dr. Steele, at the Centennial Anni-\\nversary of the University of the State of New York,\\ndelivered before the University Convocation his last\\npublic address. On account of its length and educa-\\ntional importance it is embodied in a chapter by itself,\\nthe one succeeding this.\\nWhat was the magic of his pen, what his continuing\\ndominion over men? It was his recognition of truth,\\nand that something by which he made others see it.\\nSome called his winning charm one thing, some another.\\nBut each life stirred by the thrills of his own, through\\n188", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0242.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "From His Desk\\nwhatever channel, felt the mysterious and blessed tie of\\nfraternity.\\nHe asked no other man s privilege, no other man s\\nmission. He drank from the nearest pure spring, and\\nbore to his neighbor s thirst a cup of its refreshment.\\nHe worked in his own place, not chafing at its limita-\\ntions but making it limitless. With a high sense of\\nits dignity he wrought the humblest task that waited his\\nhand with humility he did the thing the world called\\ngreat.\\nWas he called untimely from the need of the world\\nBut he had said of himself long before We cannot go\\nuntil our work is done I\\n189", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0243.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVIII\\nTHE HISTORY OF SCIENCE-TEACHING i\\nIN THE ACADEMIES OF THIS STATE, AND SOME REFLEC-\\nTIONS THEREON.\\nBY JOEL DORMAN STEELE\\nIN the limited time allowed me for the preparation\\nof this article I have been able to make only what,\\nin days now happily past, we learned to call a recon-\\nnaissance. What little I have discovered I submit,\\nhoping that it may be of service to some one who shall\\nhereafter occupy the field in force.\\nA century ago in science seems to us an age.\\nThe phlogistic theory was then scarcely overthrown,\\nand Lavoisier was still busy in laying the foundations\\nof chemistry. Count Rumford, or, as we should know\\nhim by his plain American name, Benjamin Thompson,\\nhad not yet proved that heat is a mode of motion.\\nHumboldt was still to take mankind by the hand, as\\nVirgil took Dante, and lead the way through the Cos-\\nmos. The asteroids wandered unknown in space.\\nGalvani s frogs were sporting in their native ponds.\\nThe very latest chemical news was that one Cavendish\\nhad proved water to be composed of two gases hy-\\ndrogen and oxygen.\\nFascinated by the vast strides of recent science we\\nare sometimes disposed to underrate the triumphs of\\nRead before the University Convocation at Albany, N. Y., 1S84.\\n190", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0244.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nthe elders. The nineteenth century philosophers stand\\nin the foreground and fill the whole angle of vision.\\nPhysics without Young, Arago, Ampere, Faraday, Kirch-\\nhoff, or Henry chemistry without Dalton, Gay-Lussac,\\nDavy, Liebig, Bunsen, or Draper physical geography\\nand geology without Humboldt, Buckland, Lyell, Agassiz,\\nHitchcock, Dana, Guyot, Hall, Winchell, or Dawson bi-\\nology without Lamarck, Cuvier, or Darwin and astronomy\\nwithout John Herschel, Leverrier, Lockyer, Young, Lang-\\nley, or Newcomb all look so barren that we are half in-\\nclined to wonder why our fathers ever studied science.\\nWith such thoughts in mind, I have found it a very\\npleasant task to examine some of the scientific school\\nbooks used in the academies during the present century.\\nThe oldest text-book I have been able to find is\\nBlair s Easy Grammar of Natural Philosophy printed\\nin England (1804) and republished in this country. It\\nis a tiny, well written, and neatly illustrated work.\\nThere are chapters on matter and its properties, motion,\\nmechanics, pneumatics, acoustics, optics, electricity and\\nmagnetism, and a brief section on astronomy.\\nBut far more popular, in the early part of the century,\\nwas Mrs. Marcet s Conversations on Natural Philoso-\\nphy. This author also wrote similar works on chemistry\\nand political economy. Of the latter, Macaulay says\\nAny girl who has read Mrs. Marcet s book could\\nteach Montague or Walpole many lessons on finance.\\nMartineau s biographical sketches speak of Mrs. Marcet\\nin glowing terms. In England, there were numerous\\neditions of her Conversations, and they were reprinted\\nin this country. Mr. Blake, a Boston teacher, edited\\nthe edition of 1824, adding questions at the bottom of\\nthe page after the good old fashion. In the language\\n191", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0245.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nof the Yankee publisher, Mrs. Marcet s treatise on\\nnatural philosophy has probably contributed more to\\nexcite, in the minds of the young, a fondness for study-\\ning the science, than all other works together. Let\\nme quote from the table of contents. There are chap-\\nters on the general properties of bodies the attraction\\nof gravity the laws of motion simple and compound\\nthe mechanical powers hydrostatics springs, foun-\\ntains, etc. pneumatics wind and sound optics, etc.\\nNotice that the divisions are very like those now used,\\nbut that electricity is omitted. The topics follow one\\nanother naturally, the style is pleasant, while many of\\nthe examples are familiar to us. Strangely enough in\\nthe centre of the work, is interpolated a treatise on as-\\ntronomy, containing four chapters on the earth, the\\nplanets, the moon, and the tides. In the edition before\\nme printed at Boston in 1831, I am surprised at the\\nclassic beauty of the illustrations they are not pictures,\\nbut drawings of practical value.\\nThe next step in the progress of scientific instruction\\nis chronicled in the preface of Comstock s System of\\nNatural Philosophy, published at Hartford in 1832.\\nThe following extract is very suggestive\\nMrs. Marcet s Conversations on Natural Philosophy,\\na foreign work now extensively used in our schools, though\\nbeautifully written, and often highly interesting, is consid-\\nered by most instructors as exceedingly deficient particu-\\nlarly in wanting such a method in its explanations as to\\nconvey to the mind of the pupil precise and definite ideas.\\nIt is also doubted by many instructors, whether Conver-\\nsations is the best form for a book of instruction, and par-\\nticularly on the several subjects embraced in a system of\\nnatural philosophy. Indeed those who have had most ex-\\nperience as teachers, are decidedly of the opinion tliat it is\\n192", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0246.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nnot; and hence we learn that in those parts of Europe\\nwhere the subject of education has received the most atten-\\ntion, and consequently where the best methods of conveying\\ninstruction are supposed to have been adopted, school books\\nin the form of conversations are at present entirely out of\\nuse.\\nA leaf of recommendations follows the preface. I give\\na specimen in full. It shows that even the phrases of\\nour fathers survive in our speech and writing. This\\nletter is from John Griscom, LL.D., then principal of\\nthe New York High School, and one of the best science\\nteachers of his day\\nNew York, June 19, 1830.\\nEsteemed Friend, I have received and examined thy\\nbook on natural philosophy, with much satisfaction. I have\\nno hesitation in saying, that I consider it better adapted to\\nthe purposes of school instruction than any of the manuals\\nhitherto in use with which I am acquainted. The amiable\\nauthor of the Conversations threw a charm over the differ-\\nent subjects which she has treated of by the interlocutory\\nstyle which she adopted, and thus rendered the private study\\nof those sciences more attractive but this style of manner,\\nbeing necessarily diffuse, is not so well adapted to the di-\\ndactic forms of instruction pursued in schools. Hence,\\nalso, more matter can be introduced within the same com-\\npass, and I find, on comparing thy volume with either of the\\neditions of the Conversations now in use, that the former\\nis much better entitled to the appellation of a system of\\nnatural philosophy than the latter. The addition also of\\nelectricity, and magnetism is by no means unimportant in\\na course of instruction in the physical sciences.\\nI am, with great respect,\\nJohn Griscom.\\nP. S. I have recommended thy book to all the pupils\\nof our high school who attend to natural philosophy, and\\nit is the only book which we shall now use as a class-book,\\n13 193", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0247.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nThis very excellent philosophy is doubtless familiar\\nto many present. Indeed, the copy I have was put in\\nmy hands as a text-book just forty years since. How\\nfamiliar, and yet how strange the work appears Fa-\\nmiliar cuts, illustrations of principles, definitions and\\nstatements occur on every page and yet it seems\\nstrange to look over a natural philosophy with no refer-\\nence to heat, galvanism, thermo-electricity, spectrum\\nanalysis, or conservation of energy; that assigns only\\nfour pages to magnetism, and thirteen to electricity;\\nand that speaks of light as composed of exceedingly\\nminute particles of matter, of the sun as the largest\\nbody in the universe, and gravely remarks that per-\\nhaps from a high mountain a cannon-ball might be\\nthrown five or six miles. Here again, as in Mrs. Mar-\\ncet s book, astronomy is sandwiched in as a separate\\nchapter, but occupying seventy-five of the two hundred\\nand ninety- five pages of the entire book. Wind, also,\\nappears as a topic under acoustics. The connection in\\nthis case is so slight, it is interesting to find the classi-\\nfication adopted by different authors.\\nArnott s Elements of Natural Philosophy was pub-\\nlished in England, in 1827; was translated into nearly\\nall the European languages and was extensively used in\\nthis country. Professor Youmans says that a genera-\\ntion ago it was the leading text-book. It contained a\\nwealth of illustration expressed in exceedingly happy\\nlanguage. Here the term natural philosophy was\\nmade to cover a treatise on astronomy, and another on\\nphysiology. The title of one chapter carries the thought\\nback to other days. It is this The Imponderables\\nCaloric, Light, Electricity and Magnetism.\\nIn both these works we find the great principles of\\n194", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0248.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nphysics so carefully defined and illustrated that one\\ncannot but be impressed with the idea that, after all,\\nthe old preponderates over the new. Because the new\\nis fresh, and we are all eager to keep abreast with the\\ntimes, the recently-discovered truth often takes the\\nprecedence of long-established principles, that, on ac-\\ncount of their age, have lost their novelty, but are still,\\nas before, the basis of the subject. It would surprise\\none to see how much the pupil thoroughly grounded\\nin these old books would know, and how little he would\\nhave to unlearn.\\nIn chemistry, as in physics, there were conversations,\\nand then the didactic text-book. The older teachers\\nwill remember the best, perhaps, of the latter kind\\nComstock s Elements of Chemistry (1831). This\\nwas, in part, based on the larger work of Dr. Turner,\\npublished in London, 1827. In his preface, Comstock\\nremarks Of all the sciences, chemistry is the most\\ncomplete in respect to its language, the order of its\\narrangement, the succession of its subjects, and hence\\nin the facility with which it may be learned. How\\neasy it all seemed fifty years ago The phlogistic\\ntheory had been swept away an admirable and syste-\\nmatic nomenclature had been adopted; the atomic\\ntheory, with the law of definite proportions and equiva-\\nlents, had given a basis of philosophy and invested the\\ncomposition of bodies with a new interest while the\\nbrilliant experiments of Davy had attracted universal\\nattention. Happy day The intricacies of the new\\nnomenclature were yet far in the future. The concep-\\ntions of unitary structures, of quantivalence, of organic\\nradicals, of substitution, were unknown. Imagine the\\nlook that would have come over the face of a student\\n195", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0249.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nof Comstock, who should have been asked to give the\\nchemical constitution of, for example, ethyl amyl\\nphenyl ammonium iodide.\\nFollowing Comstock came the profound work by\\nSilliman, and the popularization of the subject by You-\\nmans. To how many of us Professor Youman s charm-\\ning lectures were like the opening of a great gate letting\\nus into a new realm of thought of which we had never\\ndreamed\\nGeology is a science almost of yesterday. When\\nSilliman began to lecture at Yale (1804), most of the\\nrocks were without a name, and classification of the\\nstrata was quite unknown. In 1820, Professor Eaton\\nand Dr. Lewis Beck, made a geological survey of\\nAlbany county, and ten years later, Professor Eaton\\npublished his geological text-book, with a colored map\\nof New York geology. The survey of New York State,\\ncommenced in 1836, by Vanuxem, Emmons, Mather,\\nTorrey, Lewis Beck, DeKay, and him whom we are\\nproud to have in our midst today James Hall, opened\\na new era in the study, and by classifying the paleozoic\\nrocks made our geologic fields classic ground for all\\ntime. Hitchcock s Elementary Geology, published\\nin 1840, passed through thirty editions in twenty years,\\nand did much to popularize the subject. It specially\\nserved, in part, to allay the violent prejudice that had\\narisen in many minds because of the supposed anti-\\nbiblical tendency of geologic teachings. The instructor\\nof to-day knows little of the bitter opposition the\\nteacher of twenty-five years ago often experienced from\\nhis patrons if he ventured to insinuate that the earth\\nwas not created in six days of twenty-four hours each.\\nWhat Huxley so aptly termed, in his Chickering Hall\\n196", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0250.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nlecture, the Miltonian Hypothesis was then only too\\ncurrently msisted upon, as many of us found to our\\ncost.\\nCleaveland s Treatise of Mineralogy appeared in\\n1816, and fostered the growing taste for this study.\\nThe Edinburgh Review, in those days when it was\\npraise indeed to speak well of an American book, said\\nthat Cleaveland s was the most useful work on miner-\\nalogy in the language, and advised its republication in\\nGreat Britain. Dana s Mineralogy came out in 1837,\\nand soon became, what it is to-day, the standard\\nauthority.\\nAstronomy is the oldest of the sciences, yet in the\\nearly part of the century it seems to have been con-\\nsidered in school work, as we have seen, a sort of ad-\\ndendum to physics. The oldest American academic\\ntext-book I have been able to find is the New Ameri-\\ncan Grammar of the Elements of Astronomy, on an\\nimproved plan, by James Ryan it was published in\\nNew York, and copyrighted in 1825. Herschel s Out-\\nlines, afterward so popular, appeared in 1849. Olm-\\nsted s Letters on Astronomy, printed in 1840, were\\naddressed, as the author tells us in his preface to the\\nrevised edition, to a female friend (then no more)\\nwhose exalted and pure image was continually present\\nin the composition of the work. The eminence of\\nProfessor Olmsted and the richness of his diction gave\\nthese Letters a wide circulation. The appearance of\\nBurritt s Geography of the Heavens, especially when\\nrevised by Mattison, formed an epoch in astronomical\\nteaching in our schools. Many of us recall the feeling\\nwe experienced when we first opened those beautiful\\ncharts and realized that then we could teach the subject\\n197", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0251.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nas never before. It is not strange that at one time this\\nwork was adopted in our academies almost exclusively.\\nDid time and space permit I should like to name\\nmany other academic text-books used by our fathers\\nand by us in our first attempts at teaching, such as\\nLincoln s Botany, Comstock s Physiology, Bonny-\\ncastle s Introduction to Astronomy, Mrs. Phelps\\nPhilosophy, Robinson s Philosophy, Euler s Let-\\nters to a German Princess, Comstock s Geology,\\nParker s Philosophy, Potter s Science and Arts of\\nIndustry, Smith s Philosophy, and many others. But\\nere I leave this subject, I must make a suggestive quota-\\ntion from An Address to the public, particularly to the\\nmembers of the Legislature of New York, by Emma\\nWillard, published in 1819. This remarkable educator\\nhere sketched her idea of a female seminary. Among\\nthe studies to be pursued she recommends that of\\nnatural philosophy, which, she says, has not often\\nbeen taught to our sex. Yet why should we be kept in\\nignorance of the great machinery of nature, and left to\\nthe vulgar notion that nothing is curious but what devi-\\nates from her common course In some of the\\nsciences proper for our sex, the books written for the\\nother would need alteration because, in some they\\npresuppose more knozvkdge than female pupils ivotdd\\npossess in others, they have parts not particularly in-\\nteresting to our sex, and omit subjects immediately\\npertaining to their pursuits. From this we might sup-\\npose that a publisher s prospectus of the time would\\nhave run somewhat after this style A natural philoso-\\nphy reduced to the comprehension of the female mind,\\nand A chemistry expurgated and revised so as to in-\\nclude only those subjects that pertain to the pursuits of", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0252.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nwomen. What would good Miss Willard have thought\\nif she could have seen the thorough course of laboratory\\nwork pursued by the young men and women of Cornell,\\nor the comprehensive schedule of study at Syracuse,\\nVassar, and Elmira?\\nLet us now pass on to notice the apparatus formerly\\nused in our schools.\\nA century since, experimental science was just de-\\nveloping. It should be chronicled as a matter of history\\nthat, at this early period, during the dark days of\\npoverty that followed the Revolution, the Regents of\\nthe University encouraged its growth in a practical\\nmanner. Within a month after the organization of the\\nBoard, in 1784, it authorized its foreign agent to pur-\\nchase such a philosophical apparatus for Columbia\\nCollege as Dr. Franklin, Mr. Adams, and Mr. Jefferson,\\nministers of the United States, advise. This measure\\nseems, however, to have failed, for the minutes contain\\nseveral allusions to the need of apparatus, until, in 1786,\\nit was voted to pay ;^200 to Dr. Bard, then professor\\nof natural philosophy in the Medical School, for the\\napparatus he had secured under the direction of the\\nBoard. In 1790 the sum of ;^750 was appropriated to\\nthe purchase of books and apparatus one-half to Col-\\numbia College, and one-half to the four academies then\\nunder the care of the Regents (viz. Clinton, North\\nSalem, Goshen, and Flatbush), the apparatus, etc., to\\nbelong to the Board and to remain in these institutions\\nat its pleasure. In 1793 there was a similar appropria-\\ntion, and in 1794 another of ^1,500; the latter sum,\\nhowever, to be divided between the purchase of books and\\napparatus, and the support of youths of genius, whose\\nparents were too poor to pay for their education.\\n199", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0253.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nFrequently, too, when special appropriations were\\nmade by the Legislature to particular academies, there\\nwas a clause inserted requiring the authorities of the\\ninstitution to secure an apparatus. Thus, for example, in\\n1826, an act for the relief of Jamestown Academy pro-\\nvided that before receiving the said sum of $1,600, the\\ntrustees shall give security for the faithful application of\\nsaid sum to the erection of a suitable building for said\\nacademy, and to the purchase of library and chemical\\napparatus^ The act of 1834 prescribed that the excess\\nof the literature fund over $12,000 should be assigned\\nby the Regents to the schools under their visitation for\\nthe purchase of text-books, maps, globes, philosophi-\\ncal or chemical apparatus to the amount of not over\\n$250 per year; but, with a nice discrimination, specifies\\nthat such school must first have applied an equal sum\\nto the same object. The act of 1838 directed that\\nno academy shall participate in the annual distribution\\nof the literature fund until the Regents shall be satisfied\\nthat such academy is provided with a suitable library\\nand apparatus. The act of 1857 fixed the amount to\\nbe applied by the Regents to the purchase of apparatus,\\netc., at $3,000.\\nThis seems like a small sum, it is true, for a great\\nState to apply to such an object, but its influence has\\nbeen most marked. From our own knowledge, we can\\ntestify of academies that, through the fear of losing their\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2share of the literature fund, have provided themselves\\nwith a suitable library and apparatus and of teach-\\ners who, struggling to procure proper facilities for work,\\nhave found the assurance of the secretary that their\\ncontributions would be doubled by the Regents, just\\nthe lever needed to encourage their patrons to do\\n200", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0254.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nwhat otherwise they would never have attempted. All\\nhonor and thanks to the men who devised and carried\\nout this beneficent scheme. Many a school owes its\\nlibrary and apparatus entirely to the stimulus of this\\nappropriation.\\nAs to the general character of the apparatus used in\\nthe early times, I have been able to secure little in-\\nformation. In 1835, the Regents voted an appropria-\\ntion to buy apparatus for Fairfield, Canandaigua, St.\\nLawrence, Kinderhook, Middlebury, and Montgomery\\nacademies. Nearly all the lists are alike I append the\\none furnished Fairfield, as a specimen\\nOrrery $20 00\\nGlobes 12 00\\nNumerical frame and geometrical solids 2 50\\nMovable planisphere i 50\\nTide dial 3 00\\nOptical apparatus 10 00\\nMechanical powers 1 2 00\\nHydrostatic apparatus 10 00\\nPneumatic apparatus 35 00\\nChemical apparatus 25 00\\nOne hundred specimens of mineralogy 10 00\\nElectrical machine 12 00\\nInstruments to teach surveying 80 00\\nMap of United States 8 00\\nMap of New York 8 00\\nAtlas 5 00\\nTelescope 40 00\\nQuadrant 15 00\\nTotal $309 00\\nNotice that the Regents were thus instrumental in dis-\\ntributing among the schools small mineralogical cabinets,\\na year before the geological survey of the State began.\\n201", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0255.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nThose whose memory dates back three or four decades\\nwill recall the standard apparatus of that time the table\\nair-pump, the cylinder electrical machine, Barker s Mill,\\nthe frame with the mechanical powers, a trough battery,\\nHare s compound blow-pipe, etc.\\nIt is not very long since physical laboratories for stu-\\ndents use were unknown instruments of precision were\\nunthought of; chemistry was relegated chiefly to the\\nphysician or the druggist while the apparatus used in\\nschool was largely for the illustration of the principles of\\nnatural philosophy. Astronomy boasted of an orrery,\\nan instrument invented by Dr. Rittenhouse, of Philadel-\\nphia, about 1768. Occasionally an academy possessed\\na movable telescope. But within the memory of some\\npresent there was not an observatory on this continent.\\nSo late as 1825, President Adams, in his first message,\\ndeclared that it is with no feeling of pride as an Amer-\\nican that the remark may be made that on the compara-\\ntively small territorial surface of Europe there are existing\\nupward of one hundred and thirty of these lighthouses\\nof the skies while throughout the whole American\\nhemisphere there is not one. The president s rhetoric\\nwas not equal to his aspirations for scientific advance-\\nment. Not only did his plan for an observatory in con-\\nnection with a national university come to naught, but,\\nworst of all, his conceit of calling an obser\\\\^atory a\\nlighthouse of the skies, excited such universal ridicule\\nthat the subject became obnoxious for years. To arouse\\na roar of laughter at the president s expense, it was\\nnecessary only to allude to his so-called plan of finding\\na lighthouse in the skies.\\nRepeatedly afterward, Adams and others advocated\\nthe scheme of a national observatory, but it was long de-\\n202", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0256.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nlayed, and the building was not opened until 1844.\\nMeanwhile, the first telescope, above a portable size,\\nwas set up at Yale College in 1830; the first observa-\\ntory was established at Williams College in 1836; and\\nthe United States Observatory at West Point in 1839\\nwas the fourth in order. Others followed apace, so that\\nthe Dudley Observatory, incorporated in 1853, was the\\ntwenty-second; and Hamilton College Observatory\\nsince so famous under the directorship of its noted\\nplanet-finder Dr. Peters was the twenty-third.\\nAs to the date of introducing and the number of\\nschools teaching science, my inquiries lead me to believe\\nthat more academies formerly pursued this branch of\\nstudy, at least through physics, than is generally sup-\\nposed. The appropriations by the Regents for the pur-\\nchase of apparatus, the early reports of these schools to\\nthe Regents, and the personal statements made by teach-\\ners who distinctly remember classes of fifty years ago\\nall tend to the same conclusion.\\nChemistry and physics were taught first in Union\\nCollege (1797), and next in Columbia College (1802),\\nthough in the medical school of the latter institution\\nthey were pursued long before.\\nThe academy record, so far as I have been able to\\ncollect it, is as follows\\nNo. of pupils in\\nName. natural philosophy. Date.\\nClinton Academy 12 1788\\nKingston Academy 6 1804\\nUnion Hall Academy 23 1804\\nOyster Bay Academy 3 1804\\nCatskill Academy 6 1804\\nCayuga Academy i 1805\\nFairfield Academy 10 1806\\n203", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0257.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nName.\\nNo. of pupils in\\nnatural philosophy.\\nDate.\\nHamilton Oneida Academy\\nErasmus Hall\\n3\\n9\\ni8o6\\n1807\\nLansingburgh Academy\\nHudson Academy\\nNorth Salem Academy\\nBallston Academy\\nDutchess Academy\\nOnondaga Academy\\nHartwick Seminary\\n5\\n1807\\n1813\\n1813\\n1813\\n1813\\n1813\\n1815\\nClinton Grammar School\\n1830\\nGouverneur Wesleyan Seminary\\nDelaware (Delhi) Academy\\n1830\\n1830\\n(Some of the above academies are extinct, or merged\\ninto later institutions, but the full record is given as a\\nmatter of history.)\\nFrom the Regents report of fifty years ago (1834),\\nwhich includes sixty-seven academies, I have compiled\\nthe following table\\nNo. of schools in which\\nName of study. said study was taught.\\nNatural philosophy 62\\nChemistry 44\\nGeology\\nNatural history 9\\nBotany 18\\nMineralogy i\\nAnatomy i\\nPhysiology\\nThe latest Regents report (1884) includes two hun-\\ndred and fifty- seven academies and academical depart-\\nments. I have compiled from it the following table\\n204", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0258.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nNo. of schools in which\\nsaid study was taught\\nin the following years\\nName of study. 1873. 1883.\\nPhysics 131 208\\nChemistry 69 146\\nAstronomy 58 138\\nZoology 4 SI\\nGeology 46 106\\nPhysiology 102 208\\nBotany 126 143\\nThe greatest change that appears in the later table is\\nthe introduction of geology and physiology, which were\\nnot taught fifty years ago. Instruction was given in\\ngeology first at Jefferson Academy in 1 834-1 835, Com-\\nstock s text-book being used during the following year\\nthe study was pursued at Jefferson, Washington, and\\nBridgewater Academies. It is a source of great gratifi-\\ncation to notice that, during the past decade (1873-\\n1883), the member of science-classes taught in the acad-\\nemies of the State has very nearly doubled.\\nIt is easy to imagine the method of science-teaching\\nemployed in the early days. In education, as in geol-\\nogy, there are retrospective types. As the garpike ex-\\nplains the ancient Devonian fishes, and the nautilus\\nreveals the structure of the ammonite, so enough old-\\nfashioned pedagogues have survived to furnish a key to\\nthe paleozoic age of education.\\nHow vividly the ancient method comes to mind as we\\nrecall our own school days Occasional lectures were\\ngiven on pneumatics, hydrostatics, etc. The apparatus\\nwas brought out of the case the dust of the preceding\\nyear was brushed off; a withered apple was made plump,\\nand a frightened-half-to-death mouse was scientifically\\n205", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0259.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nexterminated under the receiver of the old table air-\\npump a boy was put on the insulated stool and his\\nhair caused to stand up like quills upon the fretful\\nporcupine next, the class, taking each other s hands,\\nformed a ring and received the shock of a Leyden jar.\\nSo, the hour passed all too quickly, with much fun and\\nlittle science, and then the apparatus was carefully put\\naway for the next yearly exhibition.\\nFor class-work, the book was placed in the hands of\\nthe pupil a lesson was assigned, which he was expected\\nto learn by heart and then recite verbatim. Practi-\\ncally, however, the book being kindly provided with\\nquestions at the bottom of the page, we inclosed with\\nbrackets such portions of the lesson as we thought would\\nbe required for the answers. Happy was the boy who\\nhad an old book marked by a brother or sister who had\\ngone over the ground before. He could commit exactly\\nwhat was needed, and was saved all trouble of reading\\nover the rest of the text. Neither pupil nor teacher\\never thought of making any appeal to the object de-\\nscribed. No one could identify in real life the thing he\\nhad read about in his book. As Agassiz so well re-\\nmarked, The pupil studies Nature in the schoolroom,\\nand when he goes outdoors he cannot find her, In\\nfact, he never looked for her.\\nSince that time there has been an entire revolution in\\nmethod. I do not think that this change occurred at\\nany fixed date. Professor Silliman, in his address at the\\ngrave of Priestley, commemorating the centennial of the\\ndiscovery of oxygen in 1774, said: The year 1845\\nmarks the beginning of a new era in the scientific life of\\nAmerica. I cannot accept the doctrine of educational\\ncatas trophism. It is more probable that there has been,\\n206", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0260.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nthrough many years, a gradual evolution of better ways\\nof teaching.\\nNumerous causes have conspired to bring about this\\nresult. By the close of the first half-century from the\\nformation of our government under its new constitution,\\nenormous changes had taken place the number of\\nStates had doubled the population had reached seven-\\nteen millions the great west was growing with marvel-\\nlous rapidity the railroad system was fairly inaugurated\\nand our immense treasures of coal and iron were being\\ndeveloped. Then came the conquest of Mexico, and\\nthe discovery of gold in California, laying open the un-\\ntold resources of a vast region to the skill and enter-\\nprise of an already highly-stimulated people. Science\\nwas, even before this, making rapid strides. Grand\\ngeneralizations thrilled the pulse of the world. Applica-\\ntions of principles to common life brought the subject\\nwithin the comprehension of practical men. Every one\\nwho had a daguerreotype taken by the process initiated by\\nour own Dr. Draper, felt a dawning respect for the\\nwonders of science. The triumphs of steam and elec-\\ntricity were patent to all. Men saw the labor of a year\\nshrinking into the compass of a day the travel of a day\\ninto the compass of an hour and the thought of man\\noutstripping the velocity of light. They demanded to\\nknow something of the new forces that were shaking the\\nnations. The call arose on all sides for a wider curricu-\\nlum and more practical methods of study in the schools.\\nOut of such an environment grew up the new education.\\nTechnological schools were established, the first of which\\nwas our own Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, founded\\nso far back as 1824. The colleges gradually yielded to\\nthe unwelcome necessity. Laboratories were erected.\\n207", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0261.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nThe modern methods of science-teaching were intro-\\nduced. Students came back into the academies equipped\\nwith the recent views of education.\\nThe change that has been wrought during the last\\ntwenty-five or thirty years is marvellous. The colleges\\ncan now demand for entrance a better knowledge of\\nscience than they themselves gave in their regular course\\na quarter of a century ago many a country academy\\nand city high school can boast a finer apparatus than\\nthe college then afforded and in not a few secondary\\nschools, competent teachers (they are worthy of the\\nname of professor), in their laboratories and in the\\nopen field, are bringing their pupils face to face with\\nnature.\\nI cannot join in the fashion, at present very common\\namong a certain class of specialists, of pointing the\\nfinger of contempt at the average academic science-\\nteacher. Cram is not the goddess of the academy\\nalone. She sometimes lives and reigns in institutions of\\nloftier name. The birds whisper in the air of in-\\ndifferent professors who lock up their cabinets, or go\\nthrough listless laboratory work that is only the ghost of\\nthe new education and of pupils who repeat, parrot-\\nlike, the names of fossils and compounds they never\\nsaw, describe abstruse theories they never applied, and\\nread off from their closely-written cuffs and collars the\\nformulae they are too lazy to commit and too ignorant\\nto grasp. Such exceptions prove nothing against one\\nclass of institutions more than another. The average\\nschool is as good as the people want, and far better than\\nthey are willing to pay for. The over-burdened teacher,\\noccupied with his regular recitations every hour in the\\nday required to teach, besides the whole sweep of\\n208", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0262.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nthe sciences, perhaps half a dozen branches of study,\\nranging from arithmetic to the IHad with no time to\\nprepare experiments or to clean up after them, except\\nin precious hours snatched at the cost of health from\\nhis meals, rest, and exercise having no money, save\\nwhat he takes from his own scantily- filled purse, to pay\\nfor chemicals, and the expense of working and repairing\\nthe apparatus provided, as well as for making the simple\\ninstruments he would like unable to purchase books\\nand too weary to read them were they his; knowing\\nthat science is constantly advancing, yet shut in, by a\\nnecessity he cannot overcome, from every source of\\ninformation, is it any wonder if, too often, in sheer\\ndespair, he takes refuge in the old-fashioned method,\\nand teaches chemistry as he does Greek from the\\nbook?\\nPermit me, in closing, to offer a few reflections\\nI. The error is sometimes made of trying to turn an\\nacademy into a college. The science-teacher mistakes\\nhis own growth for that of his pupils. Because he\\nunderstands a subject more fully and easily, and can\\ntalk about it better than formerly, by that transference\\nof quality, so natural to us, he conceives that his pupils\\nare more advanced, and can digest stronger food than\\nthose of a few years before. He accordingly attempts\\nto teach the most abstruse theories to mere boys and\\ngirls. While claiming a place for science among the\\nmore elementary studies, because it employs and culti-\\nvates the powers of observation, he yet seeks to elabor-\\nate formulae as difficult as any grammatical analysis.\\nYears will be required for those child- minds to expand\\nsufficiently to grasp such comprehensive views, or to\\ngather in enough material for their application. Now,\\n14 209", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0263.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\na theory is only a thread on which to string the isolated\\nbeads of fact, but if one have no beads, of what use is\\nthe thread? Time and again, patrons and pupils com-\\nplain of this tendency, and remark of their teacher, he\\nis growing too learned for us he ought to be in a\\ncollege. The effect of such teaching is to destroy the\\ninterest naturally felt in scientific pursuits; to render\\nthem dull and unattractive and to send the pupil out\\ninto life with no incentive to, or love for, further study.\\n2. The progressive, studious teacher delights in the\\nnewest discoveries of science. They fill his mind, and\\nstir his blood. Fired with their wonders, he is liable to\\ndwell upon them to the exclusion of that which is old,\\nand hence flat, stale, and unprofitable to hhn, but\\nwhich is new, interesting, and absolutely necessary for\\nhis pupil. Secondary classes need principally the ele-\\nmentary facts and laws, and very little indeed of scien-\\ntific gossip. They should be well grounded in truths,\\nmost of which our fathers knew almost as well as we do.\\n3. To be intelligent nowadays demands a general\\nacquaintance with many branches. Even to read a met-\\nropolitan newspaper, understandingly, requires some in-\\nformation concerning science, history, art, literature,\\ngeography a not mean range of scholarship. With a\\ncertain class of people this kind of universal knowledge\\nis stigmatized as superficial. How often do we hear the\\nmaxim quoted, A little knowledge is a dangerous\\nthing. A very dangerous adage it is, says Huxley.\\nIf knowledge is real and genuine, I do not believe it is\\nother than a very valuable possession, however infinites-\\nimal its quantity. Indeed, if a little knowledge is dan-\\ngerous, where is the man who has so much as to be out\\nof danger?", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0264.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nIt needs a life-time to become profoundly learned in\\nany branch. But because one does not wish to calculate\\nan eclipse, may he not learn enough of astronomy to\\nunderstand the law of gravitation, to trace the constella-\\ntions, to see the planets with a telescopic eye, to appre-\\nciate the splendid triumphs of celestial physics, and to\\nmake the heavens a source of joy for his life-time? Be-\\ncause one does not care to name every timber and brace\\nand rafter of the house he lives in, may he not learn\\nenough of physiology and hygiene to understand the laws\\nof his own being, and to conserve the highest working\\nenergy of his mind and body? Because one does not\\ndesire to make an analysis of an ore, may he not learn\\nenough of chemistry to understand its common applica-\\ntions to his everyday life, and to the arts and sciences?\\nSuch knowledge may seem very superficial to the as-\\ntronomer, the physician, and the chemist, yet it makes\\none intelligent in society and business, opens up new\\navenues for study and thought, and is useful in manifold\\nways. To obtain the exact knowledge of anatomy re-\\nquired to be a surgeon, would be almost useless for one\\nwho does not intend to follow that profession, while the\\ndetails, not being daily recalled to mind, would soon es-\\ncape his memory. It would be far better for him to\\nspend his time in gaining a general acquaintance with\\nthose branches that would give him the broad culture\\nwhich forms so valuable a possession for a well-read man\\nof the world. Moreover, the little knowledge that is\\ndangerous, is that of the man with a hobby, who knows\\nonly one thing, who did not lay a broad foundation be-\\nfore he began to build up the specialty of his life s work.\\nThe narrowness of his view, the nearness of his horizon,\\nthe lack of all notion of the interrelation and interdepend-\\n211", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0265.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nence of ideas, make his knowledge a source of peril to\\nhimself and others.\\nThis general acquaintance with science should be\\nreal and genuine, so far as it goes. Thoroughness is\\na quality applicable to a little, as well as to much, knowl-\\nedge. One term s work may be just as far from super-\\nficiality, be just as true to the scientific spirit, and be\\njust as perfect of its kind, as a year s labor. Accuracy,\\ndefiniteness of conception, and readiness in the applica-\\ntion of principles, will be best attained, not by an elabo-\\nration of the profundities of a subject, nor by a familiarity\\nwith its rare details, but by the mastery of its general\\nlaws, its characteristic ideas, its most commonly-observed\\nfacts in a word, by getting into its spirit and becoming\\nable to reason after its manner.\\n4. Are we not liable to overestimate the value of a\\nwritten examination as a test of attainment in science\\nand a basis of advancement in grade? The demand in\\nelementary science is not a smattering of every principle,\\nbut a positive grip of the leading truths and their related\\nfacts. The test of progress is one s mastery of the\\nscientific method. The new education requires the\\npupil to see accurately, to judge for himself and to apply\\nprinciples intelligently. We teach him how to use appa-\\nratus, how to seek out his own illustrations, and how to\\nimprovise simple instruments for proving or explaining\\nhis statements. We expect him to weigh, to measure,\\nto scan, to analyze, to combine. We make much of\\nexactness and neatness of manipulation. We show how\\ninvestigations are made, and, when the pupil is suffi-\\nciently advanced to warrant it, we encourage him to ven-\\nture upon little excursions of his own. Now, nearly all\\nthis work with nature, instead of about x\\\\3XViXt, and hence", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0266.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nthe most valuable part of the science-teaching, lies out-\\nside the reach of a written examination. A few prob-\\nlems and queries may be propounded, but the haste and\\nexcitement of an examination by no means favor that\\ncalm, judicial clearness of thought with which one should\\nalways study a query that nature presents for his solution.\\nBoth teacher and pupil realize, when preparing for\\nsuch an examination, that the result will be likely to\\nhinge upon the remembrance of details. They accord-\\ningly work, says Huxley, to pass, not to know but\\noutraged science takes its revenge. They do pass, but\\nthey don t know. Now, in all this the delicate aroma\\nof fine teaching entirely exhales.\\n5. The path of the beginner is not the path of the in-\\nvestigator. At first, the pupil must take things upon au-\\nthority. It is a mere waste of time to set him at work to\\ndiscover and prove for himself. He is ignorant of scien-\\ntific laws and processes he cannot rely upon his own\\nreasoning and he ought not to he knows neither the\\nlimits of, nor the errors incident to, experimentation;\\nhe cannot interpret results he does not understand how\\nto manipulate apparatus and his crude work may dis-\\nprove the very thing he ought to prove. The idea of\\nturning a tyro into a laboratory, and thinking that, be-\\ncause he is learning how to bend a glass tube, or to make\\noxygen gas, he is therefore on the high road to discover\\nevery secret of nature, is as absurd as it is injurious. A\\nwonderful power of manipulation may be acquired with-\\nout gaining a single philosophical idea.\\nA certain amount of thorough elementary study, ac-\\ncompanied by lecture-table illustrations from the teacher,\\nand a gradual introduction into the use of apparatus, the\\nmethods of experimentation, the properties of matter,\\n213", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0267.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "Joel Dorman Steele\\nand the broad scope and application of natural law,\\nshould in general, precede any laboratory work, either\\nphysical or chemical.\\n6. Oral instruction, or, better, oral assistance, is in-\\nvaluable as a help in science-teaching. It supplements\\nthe deficiencies of every book it gives freshness and\\nvivacity to the recitation. But when a Httle excitement\\nin class is substituted for the steady drill and toil of the\\nindividual mind when the teacher does all the winnow-\\ning and screening of the subject for the pupil, and feeds\\nhim only the bolted flour when the youthful, imma-\\nture pedagogue proposes to make, off-hand, a better\\nbook than the trained author with the experience of a\\nlife-time and when dry skeletons of thought and scraps\\nof facts are presented on the black-board, to take the\\nplace of the rounded periods, the clear analysis, and the\\nvivid illustrations of a modern text-book, then, I say,\\ngive me back the paleozoic teacher and the educational\\nmethods of a former age Knowledge not born of the\\ntravail of the soul is useless. The report of the com-\\nmittee on science-teaching, given before the American\\nAssociation for the Advancement of Science at the\\nsession of 1880, well reads: Where it is all talk and\\nno work, and text-books are filtered through the imper-\\nfect medium of the ordinary teacher s mind, and the\\npupil has nothing to do but to be instructed, every sound\\nprinciple of education is violated, and science is only\\nmade ridiculous.\\n7. Science, says Professor Cooke, is noble, be-\\ncause it considers the noblest truth. The grand con-\\nceptions with which the physicist deals have, aside from\\ntheir scientific interest, an immense educational value.\\nIt is a far nobler work to form character than to impart\\n214", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0268.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "History of Science-Teaching\\nknowledge hence the thoughtful teacher watches every\\nopportunity to exercise this rarest function of his office.\\nTo the discerning eye, the physical in nature constantly\\npresses up against the spiritual. How full of meaning is\\nthe law of gravitation, the mutual sympathy of sounds\\nand motions, the change of food into flesh, the conser-\\nvation of energy, the adaptation of the eye to light, and\\nthe whole range of related facts\\nWhen the pupil first discovers that the flavor of an\\napple reveals the nature of the tiny bud that was put into\\nthe stem twenty years before when he beholds a lily\\nfair as the white robes of a saint growing from the\\nblack mud of the swamp when he sees a solid crystal\\nbuilding itself up out of a transparent liquid, in exact\\naccordance with the principles of molecular architecture\\nwhen he finds that he cannot succeed in an experiment\\nso long as he varies a hair s breadth from the line of an\\ninvisible law when he realizes that the force which pulls\\nhis arrow to the ground, rounds the orbit of the planet\\nhow naturally, at such pregnant moments, may the\\nthought of pupil and teacher detect the infinite presence,\\nand the mystery of matter culminate in the mystery of\\nGod!\\n215", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0269.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0270.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "STANDARD\\nHISTORIES\\nBarnes s Primary History of the United\\nStates, $0.60\\nA text-book for primary and intermediate grades which tells the story of\\nour country in a simple and natural manner. It is carefully graded in its\\nlanguage and its choice of topics, and forms an excellent introduction to\\nthe larger history. It is notable for its attractive style its ingenious\\npresentation of the philosophy of history its references to popular litera-\\nture, mostly poetical which illustrate and emphasize the story and its\\nbeautiful illustrations.\\nBarnes s Brief History of the United\\nStates, $1.00\\nThis book in its present form is entirely new and revised and illustrates the\\nart of book-making at its best. New chapters on civilization, black-board\\nanalyses, tables of contemporary European sovereigns have been added, and\\nevery part of the work has been enriched by the experience of those who\\nhave long used the book.\\nIt is designed to furnish to pupils of intermediate or grammar grades a\\nbrief yet comprehensive and interesting statement of the history of our\\ncountry. It is charmingly written and is filled with anecdotes of our most\\nfamous men. The book is arranged in six epochs, each of which is pre-\\nceded by beautifully colored maps which contain all the places named.\\nThe treatment is strictly impartial and all sectional or denominational views are\\navoided. Attention is called to the foot-notes, biographies, and questions.\\nBarnes s Brief History of France $1.00\\nBarnes s Brief History of Greece 75\\nBarnes s Brief History of Rome i-oo\\nBarnes s Brief General History of the World 1.60\\nArranged on the same general plan as the United States History.\\nCopies of these books ivill be sent postpaid to any address on\\nreceipt of the price.\\nAMERICAN BOOK COMPANY\\nNew York Cincinnati Chicago", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0271.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "STEELE S\\nSCIENCE SERIES\\nBy J. DoRMAN Steele, Ph.D., F.G.S.\\nHygienic Physiology $i.oo\\nHygienic Physiology, abridged 50\\nNew Descriptive Astronomy i.oo\\nPopular Astronomy (Todd) (Just Published) i.oo\\nPopular Physics i.oo\\nPopular Chemistry i.oo\\nPopular Zoology (Steele and Jenks) 1.20\\nFourteen Weeks in Botany (Wood) i.oo\\nFourteen Weeks in Chemistry i.oo\\nFourteen W^eeks in Geology i.oo\\nFourteen Weeks in Physics i.oo\\nFourteen Weeks in Physiology i.oo\\nFourteen Weeks in Zoology i.oo\\nManual of Science (New Key) i.oo\\nFew books have ever met with such a success in the class room as these\\nworks on science. They have been thoroughly revised and brought up to\\ndate, with the addition of recent important discoveries. The merit of Dr.\\nSteele s works is in their clearness of exposition combined with a style\\nwhich is unusually interesting and attractive. They are outlines which\\nfurnish to the young student a sufficient elementary knowledge and a good\\nfoundation for more advanced work. The books are distinctly practical\\nand constitute an evolution of what is best in science.\\nCorrespondence regarding the examination and introduction of\\nthese books is cordially invited. Copies ivill be sent to any\\naddress postpaid on receipt of the price.\\nAMERICAN BOOK COMPANY\\nNew York Cincinnati Chicago", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0272.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "HISTORY CONTINUED\\nBARNES S POPULAR\\nHISTORY OF THE\\nUNITED STATES\\nI vol. 700 pages. Cloth. 8vo. 300 illustrations. Price, $3.50\\nDr. Steele prepared this volume to meet the demand for a\\nlibrary edition of his briefer treatise. It possesses the at-\\ntractive literary charm of the smaller book, and contains ad-\\nditional matter and rearrangement of corresponding matter\\nto adapt it to the needs of the general reader. There are\\nmany new illustrations and maps not found in the smaller\\nbook. The type is large and legible. It has been con-\\ntinued by the addidon each year of a summary of events, so\\nthat it is practically up-to-date at all times. For instance\\nthe edition of 1900 contains an account of the Spanish War\\nand the Rebellion in the Philippine Islands, prepared under\\nthe direction of Mrs. Steele.\\nA copy of this book should prove a welcome addition to any\\nlibrary and will be found of especial interest to the young\\npeople.\\nFor sale by all booksellers, or it will be forwarded to any\\naddress by mail or express, prepaid, on receipt of price, by\\nthe publishers.\\nA. S. BARNES AND COMPANY\\nNew York", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0273.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0274.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0275.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "VL U 1900", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0276.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0277.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2711", "width": "1737", "jp2-path": "joeldoransteele00palm_0278.jp2"}}