{"1": {"fulltext": "VAN NOSTRAND\u00e2\u0080\u0099S SCIENCE SERIES.\\nNo. 39.\\nBrice SO Cts\\nA HAND-BOOK\\nMP 9KB\\nEleotro-Magnety\\nTELEGRAPH\\nT K A. E. LORING,\\n52,63 A PRACTICAL TELEGRAPHER.\\n.La I\\n1^00 Jj\\nFOURTH EDITION REVISED.\\nNEW YORK:\\nl). VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY.\\n33 Murray and 27 Warren Street.\\n1900", "height": "2854", "width": "1721", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "THE\\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS.\\nAm\\nChap... Copyright No._\\nShelL_vi.ll.ii. 2.\\nI\\nj No. i.\\np- v) n\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA.\\nNo. 2.\\nNo. 3 \u00e2\u0080\u0094PRACTICAL DESIGNING OF RETAINING-W ALLS.\\nBy Arthur Jacob, A.B. Second edition, revised,\\nwith additions by Prof. W. Cain.\\nNo. 4.\u00e2\u0080\u0094PROPORTIONS OF PINS USED IN BRIDGES. By\\nChas. E Bender, C.E. 2d edition, with appendix.\\nNo. 5.\u00e2\u0080\u0094VENTILATION OF BUILDINGS. By W. F. Butler.\\nSecond ec-ition, re-edited and enlarged by James\\nL. Greenleaf, C. E.\\nNO. 6.\u00e2\u0080\u0094ON THE DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF\\nSTORAGE RESERVOIRS. By Arthur Jacob, A.\\nB. Second edition, revised, with additions by E.\\nSherman Gould.\\nNo. 7.\u00e2\u0080\u0094SURCHARGED AND DIFFERENT FORMS OF RE\u00c2\u00ac\\nTAINING-WALLS. By James S. Tate, C.E.\\nNo. 8.\u00e2\u0080\u0094A TREATISE ON THE COMPOUND ENGINE. By\\nJohn Turnbull, jun. Second edition, revised by\\nProf. S. W. Robinson.\\nNO. 9.\u00e2\u0080\u0094A TREATISE ON FUEL. By Arthur V. Abbott,\\nC.E. Founded on the original treatise of C. Wili-\\niam Siemens, D.C.L.\\nNo. 10.\u00e2\u0080\u0094COMPOUND ENGINES Translated from the\\nFrench of A. Alallet. Second edition, revised,\\nwith results of American Practice by Richard H.\\nBuei, C.E.\\nNo. 11.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THEORY OF ARCHES. By Prof. W. Allan.\\nNo. 12.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THEORY OF VOUSSOIR ARCHES. By Prof. W.\\nCain. Second edition, revised and enlarged.\\nNo. 18.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 GASES MET WITH IN COAL-MINES. By J. J.\\nAtkinson. Third edition, revised and enlarged\\nby Edward PI. Williams, jun.\\nNo. 14.\u00e2\u0080\u0094FRICTION OF AIR IN MINES. By J. J. Atkinson.\\nSecond American edition.\\nNo. 15.\u00e2\u0080\u0094SKEW ARCHES. By Prof. E. W. Hyde, C.E. Illustr.\\nNo. 16\u00e2\u0080\u0094A GRAPHIC METHOD FOR SOLVING CERTAIN\\nALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS. By Prof. G. L. Vose.\\nNo. 17.\u00e2\u0080\u0094WATER AND WATER-SUPPLY. By Prof. W. H.\\nCorfiekl of the University College, London.\\nSecond American edition.\\nNo. 18.\u00e2\u0080\u0094SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE PURIFICATION. By\\nM. N. Baker, Assoc ate Ed tor Engineering News.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "height": "2817", "width": "1597", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "THE VAN NOSTRAND SCIENCE SERIES.\\nI\\nNo. 19.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 STRENGTH OF BEAMS UNDER TRANSVERSE\\nLOADS. By Prof. W. Allan, author of \u00e2\u0080\u009cTheory 1\\nof Arches.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Second edition, revised.\\nNo. 20.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 BRIDGE AND TUNNEL CENTRES. By John B.\\nMcMaster, C.E. Second edition.\\nNo. 21.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SAFETY VALVES. Second Edition. By Richard\\nH. Buel, C.E.\\nNo. 22.-HIGH MASONRY DAMS. By E. Sherman Gould,\\nM. Am. Soc. C. E.\\nNo. 23.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE FATIGUE OF METALS UNDER REPEATED\\nSTRAINS. With various Tables of Results and i\\nExperiments. From the German of Prof Ludwig i\\nSpangenburgh, with a Preface by S. H. Shreve,\\nA.M. j\\nNo. 24.\u00e2\u0080\u0094A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE TEETH OF\\nWHEELS. By Prof. S. W. Robinson. Second j\\nedition, revised.\\nNo. 25.\u00e2\u0080\u0094ON THE THEORY AND CALCULATION OF CON- j\\nTINUOUS BRIDGES. By Mansfield Merriman, i\\nPh.D.\\nNo. 26.\u00e2\u0080\u0094PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PROPERTIES\\nOF CONTINUOUS BRIDGES. By Charles\\nBender, C.E.\\nNo. 27.\u00e2\u0080\u0094ON BOILER INCRUSTATION AND CORROSION.\\nBy F. J. Rowan. New Ed. Rev. by F. E. Idell.\\nNo. 28.\u00e2\u0080\u0094TRANSMISSION OF POWER BY WIRE ROPES.\\nSecond edition. By Albert W. Stahl, U S N.\\nNo. 29.\u00e2\u0080\u0094STEAM INJECTORS. Translated from the French\\nof M. Leon Pochet.\\nNo. 30.\u00e2\u0080\u0094TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM AND THE MAG-\\nNETISM OF IRON VESSELS. By Prof. Fair-\\nman Rogers.\\nNo. 31.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE SANITARY CONDITION OF DWELLING-\\nHOUSES IN TOWN AND COUNTRY. By j\\nGeorge E. Waring, jun.\\nNo. 32.\u00e2\u0080\u0094CABLE-MAKING FOR SUSPENSION BRIDGES.\\nBy V\\\\ Hildebrand, C.E.\\nNo. 33.\u00e2\u0080\u0094MECHANICS OF VENTILATION. By George W.\\nRafter, C.E. New and Revised Edition.\\nNo. 34.-FOUNDATIONS. By Prof. Jules Gaudard, C.E.\\nSecond edition. Translated from the French.\\nNo. 35.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE ANEROID BAROMETER: ITS CONSTRUC\u00c2\u00ac\\nTION AND USE. Compiled by George W.\\nPlympton. Fourth edition.\\nNo. 36.\u00e2\u0080\u0094MATTER AND MOTION. By J. Clerk Maxwell,\\nM.A. Second American edition.\\nNo. 37.\u00e2\u0080\u0094GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING j ITS USES,\\nMETHODS, AND RESULTS. By Frank De\\nYeaux Carpenter, C.E.\\nNo. 38.\u00e2\u0080\u0094MAXIMUM STRESSES IN FRAMED BRIDGES.\\nBy Prof. William Cain, A.M., C.E.\\nNew and revised edition.", "height": "2858", "width": "1556", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "the van nostrand science series.\\nNo 39-A HANDBOOK OF THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC\\nTELEGRAPH. By A. E. Luring.\\nNo 40 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094TRANSMISSION OF POWER BY COMPRESSED\\nAIR. By Robert Zabner, M.E. Second edi aon.\\nNo. 41 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094STRENGTH OF MATERIALS. By W T illiam Kent,\\nC. E., Assoc. Editor. Enoino-rinn Second Ed.\\nNo 42\u00e2\u0080\u0094VOUSSOIR ARCHES APPLIED TO STONE\\nNo. 42. vu B u I g^ h:Si TUNNELS. CULVERTS, AND\\nDOMES. By Prof. William Cain.\\nNo. 43 \u00e2\u0080\u0094WAVE AND VORTEX MOTION. By Dr. Thomas\\nCraig, of Johns Hopkins University.\\nNo 44 \u00e2\u0080\u0094TURBINE WHEELS. By Prof. W. P. Trowbridge,\\nColumbia College. Second edition. Revised.\\nNo. 45 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094THERMODYNAMICS. By Prof. H. T. Eddy, Uni\u00c2\u00ac\\nversity of Cincinnati.\\nNo. 46 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094ICE-MAKING MACHINES. From the French of\\nM. Le Doux. Revised by Prof. Denton.\\nNo 47 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094LINKAGES THE DIFFERENT FORMS AND\\nUSES OF ARTICULATED LINKS. By J. D. C.\\nde Roos.\\nNo. 48 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094THEORY OF SOLID AND BRACED ARCHES\\nBy William Cain, C.E.\\nNo. 49 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094ON THE MOTION OF A SOLID IN A FLUID.\\nBy Thomas Craig, Pb.D.\\nNo. 50.\u00e2\u0080\u0094DWELLING-HOUSES: THEIR SANITARY CON\u00c2\u00ac\\nSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS. By Prof.\\nW. H. Corfield.\\nNo. 51 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE TELESCOPE: ITS CONSTRUCTION, ETC.\\nBy Thomas Nolan.\\nNo 52.\u00e2\u0080\u0094IMAGINARY QUANTITIES. Translated rrom the\\nFrench of M. Argand. By Prof. Hardy.\\nNo. 53 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094INDUCTION COILS: HOW MADE AND HOW T\\nUSED. Fifth edition.\\nNo. 54.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY. By Prof. Ken\u00c2\u00ac\\nnedy. With an introduction by Prof. R. H.\\nThurston.\\nNo. 55.\u00e2\u0080\u0094SEWER GASES THEIR NATURE AND ORIGIN.\\nBy A. de Varona. 2d ed., revised and enlarged.\\nNo. 56 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE ACTUAL LATERAL PRESSURE OF EARTH\u00c2\u00ac\\nWORK. By Benjamin Baker, M. Inst. C.E.\\nNo- 57.\u00e2\u0080\u0094INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LIGHTING. A\\nPractical Descr.pt ion of the Edison System. By\\nL. H. Latimer, to which is added the Design and\\nOperation of Incandescent Stations. By C. J.\\nField, and the Maximum Efficiency of Incandes\u00c2\u00ac\\ncent Lamps, by John W. Howell.\\nNo. 58.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE VENTILATION OF COAL-MINES. By W.\\nFairley, M E., F.S.S.. and Geo. J. AndrA\\nNo. 59 .\u00e2\u0080\u0094RAILROAD ECONOMICS OR, NOTES WITH\\nCOMMENTS. By S. W. Robinson C.E.\\nL", "height": "2803", "width": "1542", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "A HAND-BOOK\\nor THI\\nEleotro-Magnetio\\nTELEGRAPH\\nBY\\nA. E. LORING,\\nA PRACTICAL TELEGRAPHER.\\nFOURTH EDITION REVISED.\\nNEW YORK:\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY.\\n23 Murray and 27 Warren Street.\\nIftOO", "height": "2845", "width": "1680", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "11718\\nLibrary of Congress\\nTwo CoriES Received\\nJUN 28 1900\\nCopyright \u00c2\u00abntiy\\nQvt*** r /OT\\na* )dsy r\\nSECOND COPY,\\n0\u00c2\u00ab iv Mw4 trt\\nI OROfR DIVISION,\\nI JUN 29 1900\\nCopyright, 1878, by D. Van Nostrand.\\nCopyright, 1|Q0^b^I^ ^.n Nostrand Company.\\nTH$", "height": "2739", "width": "1661", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nIt has been the aim of the author in\\nthe preparation of this little book, to\\npresent the principles of the Electro-\\nMagnetic Telegraph, in a brief, concise\\nmanner, for the benefit of practical ope\u00c2\u00ac\\nrators and students of telegraphy. The\\nworks on telegraphy which have thus far\\nbeen presented, besides being expensive,\\nhave contained much tha.t is useless, or\\nwhich is not in a form to be readily un\u00c2\u00ac\\nderstood by young and inexperienced tel\u00c2\u00ac\\negraphers. Although this little work\\nmust be acknowledged incomplete, it is\\nhoped that it may go far toward supply\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the deficiency which has existed or,\\nat least, serve as a stepping-stone to the\\nstiuly of the more complete works on\\nelectricity and telegraphy.\\nTHK AUTHOR.", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION.\\nIn the present edition, an attempt has\\nbeen made to revise the original text, as\\nthe present state of telegraph joractice\\nrequires, without increasing the size of\\nthe hook. A new chapter, describing in\\noutline the duplex and quadruplex\\nmethods of telegraphy has been added^\\nhowever, which it is believed will mate\u00c2\u00ac\\nrially increase the value of the work.\\nA. E. L.\\nJanuary 5th, 1900.", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS\\nPart I.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Electricity and Magnetism.\\nPAGE\\nElectricity\u00e2\u0080\u0094Positive and Negative. 9\\nConductors and Non-Conductors. 10\\nGalvanic Batteries. 11\\nGalvanic Circuits. 12\\nElectrical Quantity and Intensity. 13\\nGravity Batteries. 15\\nResistance. 17\\nElectro-Motive Force. 17\\nOhms Law. 18\\nMeasurement of Currents. 20\\nMeasurement of Resistance. 20\\nDivided Circuits. 21\\nElectro-Magnets. 23\\nDifferential Magnets. 25\\nMagnetic Induction. 26\\nResidual Magnetism. 27\\nProportion of Electro-Magnets to Circuit.. 27\\nPart II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Morse Telegraph.\\nFundamental Principle.\u00e2\u0080\u009e. 28\\nTelegraph Circuits. 29\\nIntermediate Offices. 32", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "VI\\nCONTENTS.\\nPage\\nThe Local Circuit. 33\\nGround Wires. 35\\nThe Key. 35\\nThe Relay. 38\\nThe Sounder. 40\\nMain Line Sounders. 41\\nThe Box Relay. 43\\nCut-Outs and Other Switches. 45\\nLightning Arresters. 48\\nThe Switch Board. 50\\nLoops. 54\\nArrangement of Offices.\\nArrangement of Batteries. 55\\nRepeaters.. -v w\\nAutomatic Repeaters. 59\\nPart III.\u00e2\u0080\u0094The Quadruplex.\\nDuplex and Quadruplex Systems. 62\\nThe Stearns Duplex. 63\\nThe Condenser. ^8\\nThe Polar Duplex. 70\\nThe Quadruplex. 75\\nPart IV.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Practical Telegraphy.\\nAlphabet and Numerals. 83\\nAdjustment of Instruments. 84\\nTesting Telegraph Lines. 86\\nBreaks. 86", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. Vii\\nPage\\nEscapes. 88\\nGrounds. 90\\nCrosses 90\\nMaintenance of Battery. 91\\nBalancing the Quadruplex. 93\\nPart V.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Construction of Lines.\\nThe Conductors. 95\\nThe Insulators. 97\\nFitting up Offices. 98\\nGround Wire Connections. 99\\nPrivate and Short Lines. 100\\nAppendix.\\nSuggestions and Exercises for Learners... 104\\nIndex Ill", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "SI", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "ELECTRO-MAGNETIC\\nTELEGRAPH.\\nELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM.\\nElectricity.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Positive and Negative.\\nThe real nature of electricity is un\u00c2\u00ac\\nknown. It is often spoken of as a fluid\\nand is said to flow in a current but these\\nterms may be considered as used more for\\nthe sake of convenience, than as indicat\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the real nature of electricity.\\nThere are two kinds of electricity, or\\nit exists in two different states, known as\\npositive and negative; and experiment\\nshows,that whenever one kind is developed\\nthat of the opposite kind is always devel\u00c2\u00ac\\noped in an exactly equal quantity. These\\ntwo kinds of electricity are usually desig\u00c2\u00ac\\nnated by the signs and It is a law\\nof electricity, that electricities of like sign", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10\\nrepel each other and electricities of urilikt\\nsign attract each other.\\nConductors and Non-Conductors.\\nElectricity passes through some sub\u00c2\u00ac\\nstances easily, and through others with\\ndifficulty, or scarcely at all. The first\\nclass of substances are called conductors\\nthe second non-conductors or insulators\\nNo absolute division can be made between\\nconductors and non-conductors, as the\\nproperty of conduction exists in every\\nconceivable degree, from the best conduc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntor to the best insulator, or worst conduc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntor. In the following list the first named\\nsubstance is the best conductor, and the\\nlast named the best insulator.\\nConductors.\\nNon-Conductor*\\nSilver,\\nDry wood.\\nCopper,\\nPorcelain,\\nGold,\\nDry Paper,\\nZinc,\\nSilk,\\nPlatinum,\\nGlass,\\nIron,\\nGutta Percha,\\nTin,\\nIndia Rubber,\\nLead,\\nShellac,\\nMercury,\\nHard Rubber\\nAcids,\\nParaffine,\\nWater,\\nDry Air.", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "11\\nGalvanic Batteries.\\nGalvanic, or Voltaic electricity is de\u00c2\u00ac\\nveloped by chemical action. When two\\nplates of metal, of different kinds, as cop\u00c2\u00ac\\nper and zinc, for example, are immersed\\nin a cup containing an acid, and are con-\\nFig. 1.\\nGalvanic Element.\\nnected by wires at the top, as represented\\nin Pig. 1, a current of electricity will flow\\nfrom the copper to the zinc through the\\nwires, and from the zinc to the copper\\nthrough the acid. If the wires connect\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the two metals are separated, the cur-", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12\\nrent of electricity instantly ceases, but\\nstarts again whenever the wires are con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnected. An apparatus for generating\\nelectricity in this way is called a galvanic\\nbattery. The copper slip is called the\\npositive pole of the battery, and the\\nzinc the negative pole. The prin\u00c2\u00ac\\ncipal kinds of batteries used in operating\\nthe telegraph will be described hereafter.\\nGalvanic Ciecuits.\\nThe path traversed by the current of a\\nbattery is called a circuit The circuit\\nof the battery shown in Fig. 1 consists of\\nthe metals, wires, and the acid through\\nwhich the current of electricity passes.\\nIt is a law of the electric current that\\nthere must he a continuous unbroken cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuit, by which the current may pass en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntirely around from one pole of the battery\\nto the other or no current will start from\\nthe battery The smallest break in the\\ncircuit is sufficient to interrupt the cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrent instantly, but it begins to flow again\\nthe instant the circuit is again completed.\\nThe direction of the current through the", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "13\\ncircuit is always from the positive to the\\nnegative pole of the battery.\\nIt may be more correct, however, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsidering the electrical force as a current\\nto say that there are two currents flowing\\nin opposite directions, and for convenience\\nthe positive one only is spoken of as the\\ncurrent.\\nElectrical Quantity and Intensity.\\nA battery may consist of a single cup,\\nor cell, or of an indefinite number of cups\\nconnected together by wires. In con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnecting them together, the copper, or\\npositive pole of the first cup must be con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnected by a wire with the negative pole of\\nthe second, and the positive pole of the\\nsecond with the negative of the third,\\nand so on throughout the series, always\\nconnecting unlike or opposite poles, be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncause, according to the law of attraction\\nand repulsion already stated, poles of like\\nsign oppose one another, and poles of un\u00c2\u00ac\\nlike sign attract one another.\\nThe quayitity of electricity generated\\nby three cells of battery connected as", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14\\ndirected above, is no greater than that\\ngenerated by one cell, but the intensity\\nof the current generated will increase in\\nproportion to the number of cells so con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnected. Intensity or tension is the force\\nwhich enables the current to push its way\\nthrough a conductor, or to overcome re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance.\\nIf two or more cells of battery are\\nconnected as shown in Fig. 2, with all the\\nFig. 2.\\nGalvanic Battery\u00e2\u0080\u0094Quantity Arrangement.\\npositive poles connected to one end of the\\nwire conductor, and all the negative poles\\nconnected to the other end, the quantity\\nof the current generated will be in pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nportion to the number of cells, but the", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "15\\nintensity of the current will be no greater\\nthan that of a single cell.\\nThe general principle is, that quantity\\nincreases with the surface of metal con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnected with each pole, whether that sur^\\nface is all in one cell, or distributed\\nthrough several cells connected as in\\nFig. 2. The intensity increases with the\\nnumber of elements, or cells, having op\u00c2\u00ac\\nposite poles connected, and does not de\u00c2\u00ac\\npend upon the size of the metals used.\\nConsequently, large cells evolve a greater\\nquantity of current than small ones, but\\nof no. greater tension.\\nGravity Batteries.\\nThe various forms of battery formerly\\nused in operating the telegraph have\\nbeen entirely superseded by the gravity\\nbattery. There are a variety of forms,\\nwithout any material difference in the\\nprinciple involved. That shown in Fig.\\n2 a is the \u00e2\u0080\u009ccrowfoot\u00e2\u0080\u009d battery, so called\\nfrom the peculiar shape of the zinc.\\nThe copper is placed at the bottom of\\nthe jar, the zinc at the top. The sul-", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16\\nphate of copper solution at the bottom\\nof the jar and the sulphate of zinc solu-\\nGravity Battery.\\ntion at the top are kept separate by the\\ndifference in their specific gravities.", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "17\\nResistance.\\nResistance is the opposition which the\\nconductor, or circuit offers to the passage\\nof the current. Thus the best conductor\\noffers the least resistance, and the poorest\\nconductor the greatest resistance. Re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance may be considered as the recip\u00c2\u00ac\\nrocal of conduction. Resistance is meas\u00c2\u00ac\\nured by Ohms.\\nIn the case of two conducting wires of\\nthe same material, that which presents\\nthe largest area of cross-section to the\\ncurrent offers the least resistance. Thus,\\nalthough copper is a better conductor\\nthan iron, an iron wire of large size may\\nhave a lower resistance than a copper wire\\nof smaller size. The conducting power of\\na wire increases, and its resistance de\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreases, in proportion as the area of its\\nsection increases. On the other hand, the\\nresistance of a conducting wire of a given\\nmaterial increases in proportion to its\\nlength.\\nElectro-motive Foroe.\\nThe power which a cell of battery\\npossesses of causing the transfer of its", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18\\ncurrent from one place to another is its\\nelectro-motive force. In other words, the\\nelectro-motive force of a current is its\\npower of overcoming resistance\u00e2\u0080\u0094its en\u00c2\u00ac\\nergy. Electro-motive force may be de\u00c2\u00ac\\nfined as tension in a state of motion; and\\ntension, as electro-motive force in a state\\nof rest. (Holstein s Galvanometer\\nElectro-motive force, or potential, is\\nmeasured by the unit called the Volt.\\nOhm\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Law.\\nThe amount of the current which will\\npass through a circuit depends, first,\\nupon the resistance which the circuit\\noffers to the passage of the current, and\\nsecond, upon the intensity of the electro\u00c2\u00ac\\nmotive force which tends to overcome\\nthat resistance. The amount of the cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrent may he found, according to Ohm s\\nlaw which may be stated thus:\\nE represents *the electro-motive force,\\nR the resistance, and\\nC the current which will pass through\\nthe circuit, thus:", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "19\\nFig. 3.\\nGalvanometer\\nf", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20\\nor, the current is equal to the electro-mo\u00c2\u00ac\\ntive force divided by the resistance.\\nMeasurement of Currents.\\nElectric currents may be measured by\\nan instrument called a galvanometer\\none form of which is shown in Fig. 3.\\nIt consists of a magnetic needle sur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrounded by a coil of insulated wire.\\nWhen a current is passed through the\\ncoil of wire, its amount is marked by the\\ndeflection of the needle on the face of a\\ndial, the degree of deflection being al\u00c2\u00ac\\nways in proportion to the strength of the\\ncurrent. The strength of the current is\\nmeasured by a unit called the ampere.\\nMeasuremenx of Resistance.\\nThe resistance of a conductor may be\\nmeasured by an instrument called a rheo\u00c2\u00ac\\nstat (Fig. 4), used in connection with a\\ngalvanometer. The rheostat consists es\u00c2\u00ac\\nsentially of resistance coils of fine Ger\u00c2\u00ac\\nman silver wire inclosed in a box. Bind\u00c2\u00ac\\ning posts are provided for placing it in\\ncircuit, and any desired number of the", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "21\\ncoils may be cut out by inserting brass\\nplugs in the top of the box, according to\\nthe resistance required.\\nThe rheostat and galvanometer are put\\nin circuit with the conductor whose re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance is to be measured, and the de\u00c2\u00ac\\nflection of the needle of the galvanometer\\nis noted. The conductor to be meas\u00c2\u00ac\\nured is then taken out of the circuit, and\\nas much resistance is thrown in by the\\nrheostat as will give the same deflection\\nof the needle. The resistance marked\\nby the rheostat will, evidently, be equal\\nto that of the conductor previously in\\ncircuit.\\nDivided Circuits.\\nWhen two or more wires are connected\\ntogether so as to form one continuous\\nwire, the resistance of the whole circuit\\nwill be the sum of the resistances of the\\nwires which compose it. But if two or\\nmore wires are arranged side by side, the\\nends being connected with each other,\\nthe current is divided among the several\\nconductors, and the conducting power", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "23\\nof the whole is equal to the sum of the\\nconducting power of the wires which\\ncompose it.\\nWhen a current of a given electro-mo\u00c2\u00ac\\ntive force divides between two or more\\nbranches of the conductor, the strength\\nof the current in each branch is, by\\nOhm s law, inversely proportional to the\\nresistance. An important application of\\nthis principle occurs in the duplex and\\nquadruplex systems of telegraphy, where\\nthe current is caused to divide equally\\nbetween two branches of the conductor,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094one consisting of the line and the other\\nof a rheostat circuit adjusted to equal the\\nresistance of the line.\\nElectro-Magnets.\\nA simple form of electro-magnet is\\nshown in Fig. 5. A conducting wire, in\u00c2\u00ac\\nsulated by being covered with silk or cot\u00c2\u00ac\\nton, so that the current must traverse its\\nentire length, is wound several times\\naround each arm of a TJ shaped piece of\\nsoft iron. When a current of electricity\\nis passed through the insulated conduct-", "height": "2790", "width": "1689", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24\\nmg wire, the soft iron U instantly be\u00c2\u00ac\\ncomes magnetized, and attracts an iron\\nbar, A, called an armature which is\\nplaced near its ends or poles. As soon as\\nthe current of electricity ceases to pass\\nthrough the wire, the soft iron U is de\u00c2\u00ac\\nmagnetized and ceases to attract its ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nmature.\\nElectro-magnets for use in telegraphy\\nare made as represented in Fig. 6. Two\\nspools, a b having soft iron cores, are\\nwound with fine silk-insulated copper\\nwire, as thread is wound upon a spool.", "height": "2776", "width": "1565", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "25\\nThe two spools are fixed upon a bar of\\niron, B, called a yoke. A is the arma-\\nV\\nFig. 6.\\nElectro-Magnet.\\nture which is attracted toward the cores\\nor poles, e e whenever the current\\npasses through the coils of the magnet.\\nDifferential Magnets.\\nIt will be observed that the wire passes\\naround the soft iron U, Fig. 5, in such\\na direction that if the U is straightened\\nout the convolutions will all lie in one\\ndirection. One end of the bar becomes\\nthe north pole and the other the south\\npole of the magnet, and the polarity may", "height": "2776", "width": "1565", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26\\nbe reversed by changing the direction of\\nthe current around the bar. This may\\nbe by either changing the direction of\\nthe coils, or by reversing the poles of the\\nbattery.\\nA differential electro-magnet may be\\nmade by passing two separate coils around\\nthe core, and its polarity is established\\naccording to the direction of the current.\\nIf currents of equal strength traverse the\\ntwo coils in opposite directions they tend\\nto establish opposite polarities and the\\nmagnetic effect is neutralized.\\nMagnetic Induction.\\nWhen either pole of a magnet is placed\\nnear any object capable of magnetization,\\nit is attracted toward the magnet, the\\nmagnet pole nearest the object develop\u00c2\u00ac\\ning magnetism of the opposite polarity\\nby induction, and the two mutually at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntract each other. Thus each pole of an\\nelectro-magnet develops magnetism of\\nan opposite polarity, by induction, in\\nthat end of the armature nearest to it,\\nand the armature is attracted toward the\\nelectro-magnet.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "27\\nResidual Magnetism.\\nWhen the current which passes through\\nthe coils of an electro-magnet is inter\u00c2\u00ac\\nrupted, demagnetization of the soft iron\\ncores takes place. If the iron is very\\nsoft and pure this is effected almost in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstantly on the cessation of the current\\nthrough the coils. But if the demagnet\u00c2\u00ac\\nization is not complete, and a small\\namount of magnetism remains in the\\ncores after the cessation of the current, it\\nis called residual magnetism. A spring\\nis therefore attached to the armature of\\nthe magnet, which overcomes the attrac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the residual magnetism, and\\ndraws the armature away from the poles\\nof the magnet.\\nProportion of Electro-Magnets to the\\nCircuit.\\nIt is a law of the electric circuit, that\\nthe maximum magnetic force is developed\\nwhen the resistance of the coils of the\\nelectro-magnets in circuit is equal to the\\nresistance of the other parts of the circuit;\\ni. e., fh\u00c2\u00b0. conducting wires and battery.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28\\nAn electro-magnet is of the best pro\u00c2\u00ac\\nportions when the total thickness of the\\ncoils, measured from the outside to the\\ncore, is equal to the diameter of the core.\\nWhen, therefore, the coils must be of\\nhigh resistance, they are wound with a\\ngreat length of fine wire. When the re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance of the circuit is light, a shorter\\nlength of coarser wire is used.\\nPART II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE MORSE TELEGRAPH\\nFundamental Principle.\\nThe Morse telegraph system is so called\\nm from the name of its inventor, Samuel\\nF. B. Morse, an American, who con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstructed the first line between Baltimore\\nand Washington in the year 1844.\\nMorse\u00e2\u0080\u0099s telegraph operates upon the\\nprinciple, that an electro-magnet may be\\nalternately magnetized and demagnetized\\nby stopping and starting a current of\\nelectricity, by opening and closing the\\ncircuit of which the electro-magnet forms\\na part.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "29\\nTelegraph Circuits.\\nFig. 7 represents a telegraph circuit,\\nconsisting of a line wire stretching from\\nthe station A to the station B; a bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery T, an electro-magnet M, and a key\\nK, for opening and closing the circuit,\\nat each of the stations. To avoid the\\nexpense of a second wire to complete\\nthe circuit between the two stations, the\\nline wire, after passing through the mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnet. key and battery at each end of the\\nline, is run to the ground at G-, complet\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the circuit through the earth. Be\u00c2\u00ac\\nsides being less expensive, this plan has\\nthe additional advantage that the resist\u00c2\u00ac\\nance of the circuit completed through the\\nearth is less than it would be through a\\nreturn wire, as the resistance of the earth\\nis practically nothing. On very short\\nlines sometimes a second wire is used,\\nwhich constitutes what is called a metalic\\ncircuit.\\nWhen the circuit is closed at A by\\nmeans of the key, K, the current traverses\\nthe circuit, passing through both electro\u00c2\u00ac\\nmagnets, M M. causing them to attract", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "v\\\\g. 7\\n30\\nTelegraph Circuit", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "31\\ntheir armatures as long as the current\\ncontinues. When the circuit is again\\nopened by the key, the current is inter\u00c2\u00ac\\nrupted, and the electro-magnets release\\ntheir armatures. The effect is the same\\nwhether the circuit is opened and closed\\nby the key at A, or at B. The effect,\\nalso, upon the electro-magnet is the same\\nwhether the key is at the same station\\nwith the magnet, or at another station\\nmany miles distant.\\nBv the original method of operating\\nthe telegraph, the armature of the mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnet at each station was attached to one\\nend of a lever having a sharp pointed steel\\nstyle in the other end, which indented a\\nstrip of paper drawn before it by means\\nof clockwork. If the armature was at-\\ntracted but an instant, the style came in\\ncontact with the paper only an instant,\\nand indented it with a short mark, or dot.\\nIf the armature was attracted for a longer\\ntime, the result was a longer mark, or\\ndash upon the paper. Thus, it will be\\nobserved, dots and dashes may be marked\\nupon the paper by closing the circuit by", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32\\nthe key for a shorter or a longer time.\\nIf different combinations of dots and\\ndashes are used to represent letters, it is\\nevident that a message may be transmit\u00c2\u00ac\\nted by means of the key at one station to\\nthe electro-magnet at another.\\nIn more recent practice, the method\\nof marking the signs upon paper has been\\nsuperseded by arranging the lever attached\\nto the armature in such a way that it will\\ngive sounds at shorter or longer intervals\\naccording to the time the circuit is closed.\\nThese intervals between sounds may be\\nconsidered as representing dots and dash\u00c2\u00ac\\nes, and for convenience the terms dot and\\ndash are retained.\\nIntermediate Offices.\\nAn indefinite number of intermediate\\nor way stations may be introduced in the\\ncircuit between the two terminal stations\\nof the line, each station or office being\\nprovided with its key and magnet. The\\ncircuit may be opened by a key placed\\nat one of these intermediate stations, at\\nany point on the line, and the effect upon", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "33\\nevery magnet in the circuit will be pre\u00c2\u00ac\\ncisely the same but it is obvious that\\nonly one key can be operated for opening\\nand closing the circuit at the same time.\\nThe Local Circuit.\\nOn a circuit as long as a telegraph line\\nreaching from city to city, the resistance\\nof the long line of wire is so great that\\nthe current is often weakened to such an\\nextent in passing over it, that sufficient\\nmagnetic force is not developed in the\\nelectro-magnets to attract their armatures\\nwith the power necessary to mark paper,\\nor give a satisfactory sound to the motions\\nof a lever. For this reason, instead of\\nplacing the magnet of the recording or\\nsounding instrument in the main circuit,\\nits place is supplied by a relay magnet, M,\\n(Fig. 8). The armature of the relay\\nmagnet is attached to a lever, S, which\\nopens and closes the circuit of another\\nbattery, B, at the point P. This second or\\nlocal circuit is represented by the dotted\\nlines. When the main circuit, or line is\\nclosed, the relay magnet attracts its\\n2", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "34\\narmature and closes the local circuit, in\\nwhich is placed the recording or sounder\\nmagnet GL The lever of the relay mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnet is so light that a weak current is suf\u00c2\u00ac\\nficient to work it, but the resistance of\\nthe local circuit, which is composed of\\nonly a few feet of wire, is so small that", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "35\\nnearly the entire force of the local bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery is effective upon the local magnet.\\nIt will be noticed that although the local\\ncircuit depends for its action upon the\\nmain circuit, the main circuit is entirely\\nseparate and independent from the local,\\nand is not affected in the least by its\\naction.\\nGround Wires.\\nAt every intermediate station, a wire\\ncalled a ground wire is run from the\\noffice to the ground. This wire may be\\nconnected with the line wire so as to di\u00c2\u00ac\\nvide the main circuit into two distinct\\nand independent circuits. The uses of\\nthe ground wire will be explained more\\nfully hereafter.\\nThe Key.\\nThe key, or sending instrument is rep\u00c2\u00ac\\nresented in Fig. 9. It consists of a lever\\nof brass, L, about five inches long, which\\nis hung on a shaft between two set screws\\non the frame or base B. The key is fas\u00c2\u00ac\\ntened to the operating table by two legs,\\nR R which pass through the table and", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "are secured by nuts underneath. The\\ncircuit is formed through the key by cut\u00c2\u00ac\\nting the wire of the main circuit and con-\\nFig. 9.\\nS\\nKey.\\nnecting one of the ends to each of the\\nlegs. The leg, R is in direct connection\\nwith the brass base of the instrument,\\nbut the other leg. R, is insulated from it\\nby being set in a piece of hard rubber, so\\nthat the circuit is broken at this point and", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "37\\nthe current cannot pass from R to R.\\nThe leg, R, terminates in a platinum\\npoint, P, and a similar platinum point,\\nP, is placed in the lever L.\\nWhen it is desired to complete the cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuit, the lever is pressed down by the\\npressure of the fingers upon a hard rub\u00c2\u00ac\\nber finger piece, F, bringing the two\\nplatinum points, P P, in contact, and\\ncompleting the connection between R\\nand R through the lever and platinum\\npoints. When the pressure upon F is\\nreleased, a spring under the lever re\u00c2\u00ac\\nstores it to its former position, separating\\nthe platinum points, and the circuit is\\nbroken.\\nC is a circuit closer which completes\\nthe connection and closes the circuit per\u00c2\u00ac\\nmanently when it is pushed against the\\nanvil which forms the top of the leg, R.\\nThis is always done when the key is not\\nin use, for if the circuit through it was\\nnot completed in this way, the current\\ncould not flow through the circuit, and\\nall the other keys situated in it would be\\nuseless. The play of the lever, or the", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "38\\ndistance between the platinum points\\nis regulated by a set screw, D, in the\\nend of the lever. Sometimes another\\nset screw, S, is provided for regulating\\nthe tension of the spring under the\\nlever.\\nThe Relay.\\nThe Eelay consists, as shown in Fig.\\n10, of a large intensity electro-magnet,\\nsupported by a frame of brass on a\\ndry hard wood base. The armature of\\nthe electro-magnet is attached to a lever,\\nwhich plays between two adjustable\\nset screws, fixed in the frame of the\\ninstrument. As this lever acts as a\\nkey to open and close the local circuit,\\nit is provided with a platinum point\\nwhich strikes upon another platinum\\npoint on the end of the set screw. The\\nplatinum point of the lever is in electri\u00c2\u00ac\\ncal connection, by means of wires beneath\\nthe base of the instrument, with one of\\nthe binding posts, and the point in the\\nscrew, with the other. The wires of\\nthe local circuit are connected to these", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "binding posts. The coils of the magnet\\nare in connection with the binding posts\\nbehind the coils, to which the mam line\\nwires are attached, and the magnet put", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "40\\nin circuit. The tension of the spring\\nwhich draws the armature and its lever\\nback, and opens the local circuit when it\\nis not closed by the attraction of the\\nmagnet, is regulated by an adjustment.\\nThe distance of the magnet from the\\narmature is regulated by another adjust\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, called the \u00e2\u0080\u009cback adjustment.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nThe coils of relay magnets are wound\\nwith very fine wire, usually No. 30 to\\nNo. 36, and with a resistance varying to\\nsuit the resistance of the circuit. The\\ncoils of electro-magnets used in tele\u00c2\u00ac\\ngraphy are generally covered with hard\\nrubber, as a protection to the wire.\\nThe Sounder.\\nThe Sounder or receiving instrument\\nis shown in Fig. 11. It consists simply\\nof a small electro-magnet, having a re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance of from 2 to 4 ohms an arma\u00c2\u00ac\\nture and heavy sounding lever, which\\nplays between two adjustable set-screws;\\nand the necessary frame-work of brass,\\nmounted upon a base of wood. An adjust\u00c2\u00ac\\nment is provided for regulating the ten\u00c2\u00ac\\nsion of the spring of the armature. The", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "41\\nmagnet is put in circuit by means of two\\nbinding posts on the base of the instru\u00c2\u00ac\\nment.\\nFig. 11.\\nThe Sounder.\\nMain Line Sounders.\\nWhen the current of the main circuit\\nis sufficiently strong, the local circuit and\\nsounder is sometimes dispensed with, and\\nthe relay is converted into a sounder by\\ngiving its lever more \u00e2\u0080\u009cplay,\u00e2\u0080\u009d or motion,\\nand thereby increasing its sound. More\\nfrequently a Main Line Sounder is used.\\nThis instrument is made in a variety of\\nforms, and numerous devices have been", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "Pig 12\\n42\\nemployed to increase the sound of the\\nlever, which must often be operated by\\na comparatively weak main line current\\nBox Relay.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "43\\nThe Box Relay.\\nThe instrument called the Box Relay\\nis so arranged that it may be used ad\u00c2\u00ac\\nvantageously either as a relay or as a\\nmain line sounder. The magnet coils\\nare inclosed in a small wooden box\\nagainst which the lever strikes (Fig. 12),\\nthus increasing the sound. These in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstruments, when made with a key upon\\nthe same base, are convenient porta\u00c2\u00ac\\nble instruments for opening temporary\\noffices.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The form of key now in general use\\nhas a lever of steel made in a single piece with\\nthe trunnion shaft. Fig. 13 is a combination\\nset, showing such a key, with relay and sounder,\\nof the most modern pattern, on one base. These\\ninstruments, either in combination or separately,\\nthe quadruplex machinery, switches, etc., as\\nwell as the galvanometer and rheostat shown in\\nPart I, are illustrations of apparatus manufac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntured by J. H. Bunnell Co., 76 Cortlandt\\nStreet, New York.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "Kg. 13\\n44", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "45\\nCut-Outs and Other Switches.\\nWhen an office is left with no one in\\ncharge the wires should he cut out,\u00e2\u0080\u009d or\\ndisconnected from the line. The cut\u00c2\u00ac\\nout is made in various simple forms,\\nusually combined with a ground switch,\\nand sometimes with a lightning arrester.\\nThe form called the plug switch (Fig.\\n14) has been extensively used. A plug\\nis made of two pieces of brass separated\\nand insulated from each other by a piece\\nof hard rubber. The instruments of the\\noffice are connected with the two sides\\nof this plug by flexible conducting wires.\\nWhen the office is to he put in circuit,\\nor cut in,\u00e2\u0080\u009d the plug is inserted between\\na pin and a brass spring, as shown in the\\nfigure. The main line wires are attached\\nto the binding posts at the top of the\\nswitch, one of which is in connection\\nwith the pin, and the other with the\\nbrass spring. It is obvious that as the\\ntwo sides of the plug are insulated from\\neach other the current must pass through\\nthe office; but when the plug is with-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "40\\ndrawn the brass spring presses against\\nthe pin, closing the main circuit, and\\nFig. 14.\\nPlug Switch.\\nleaving the office entirely disconnected,\\nor cut out.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The switch shown has", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "4\\nground switch and lightning arrester at\\nthe top.\\nA later form, called a spring cut-out,\\nis shown by Fig. 14a. The plug is cyl\u00c2\u00ac\\nindrical, and the operation of the cut-\\nFig. 14a.\\nSpring Cut-Out.\\nout device is obvious. The figure shows\\ncut-outs for four wires. They are usu\u00c2\u00ac\\nally made for from one to three lines in\\nconnection with ground connectors and\\nlightning arresters, and may be used", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "48\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0wherever it is not required to make cross\\nconnections of wires, or any changes\\nother than changing instruments from\\none line to another. Other forms of\\nswitches are used, and for various pur\u00c2\u00ac\\nposes, but they are too numerous to be\\ndescribed within the limits of this little\\nbook\\nLightning Arresters.\\nThe fine wire coils of the relay magnet\\nare sometimes burned or injured by at\u00c2\u00ac\\nmospheric electricity, which follows the\\nwires into the office during the prevalence\\nof electric storms. Asa protection, light\u00c2\u00ac\\nning arresters are sometimes used. Both\\nthe line and ground wires are attached to\\nthe lightning arrester, so that a charge\\nof atmospheric electricity entering the\\noffice by the line wires is carried to the\\nground. The lightning arrester is made\\nin several forms, but the principle in\u00c2\u00ac\\nvolved is much the same in all of them;\\nthat is, that atmospheric electricity, be\u00c2\u00ac\\ning of high intensity, will leap a slight\\nbreak in the conductor, or overcome con-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "49\\nsiderable resistance in order to force its\\nway to the ground; while the galvanic\\ncurrent, being of lower intensity, is un\u00c2\u00ac\\nable to overcome such resistance and is\\nconfined to the line.\\n.A common form, the disc arrester, is\\nshown in Fig. 15. A disc of brass is\\nFig. 15.\\nDisc Arrester.\\nscrewed over brass plates connecting with\\nline and ground, but not quite touching\\nthem. Another form is arranged with\\npointed screws projecting from the line-\\nwire plates toward the ground-wire plate,\\nleaving a very small space between the\\nplate and the points, over which the\\nlightning leaps, making its way to the", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "50\\nground. (See Fig. 14.) Other forms\\nhave notches or \u00e2\u0080\u009csaw teeth projecting\\nfrom one plate in proximity to another.\\nTh e plate arrester does not vary materi\u00c2\u00ac\\nally in principle from the disc arrester.\\nIn the quadruplex arrester (Fig. 15 a) a\\nvery fine coil of wire is fused by the light-\\nFig. 15a.\\nQuadruplex Arrester.\\nning, thus making connection with the\\nground plate. It is commonly used with\\nquadruplex apparatus as a protection to\\nthe finely wound magnets of the relays.\\nThe Switch Board.\\nA sivitcti board is generally used in\\noffices having two or more wires entering\\nthem. The form now in common use is", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "51\\nshown in Fig. 16. The connections of\\nbrass are arranged upon a hoard of dry\\nhard wood, as represented, and fitted\\nFig. 16.\\nSwitch Board.\\nwith binding posts at the top, to which\\nthe line wires are connected. Other\\nstraps of brass pass horizontally across", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "52\\nthe back of the board, and are in con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnection with the binding posts at the\\nside of the board, to which the instru\u00c2\u00ac\\nment wires are connected. Each of these\\nback straps is in connection with one of\\nthe horizontal rows of studs which ap\u00c2\u00ac\\npear between the line stiaps upon the\\nface of the board. By inserting plugs\\nin the holes between the studs and line\\nstraps connection is made with the in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstrument straps. It is clear that any\\ninstrument may now be connected with\\nany line wire, and a little study of the\\nconnections will show that any two line\\nwires may be cross connected, or that any\\ndesired wire east from the office may be\\nconnected to any other wire west, or any\\nrequired changes in the wire connections\\nbe made. The lowest row of studs is con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnected with the ground wire. By insert\u00c2\u00ac\\ning a plug at the bottom of the board, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnecting the east and west line straps to\u00c2\u00ac\\ngether, the wire is cut out. The hoard\\nshown is provided with disc lightning\\narresters.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "53\\nLarge switch boards are often fitted\\nwith spring jacks for cutting in the in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstruments, the straps being then used\\nonly for cross connections, battery con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnection, etc., thus rendering a much\\nfewer number of horizontal connectors\\nnecessary. Otherwise, the board would\\noften be of an inconvenient or impracti\u00c2\u00ac\\ncable height if horizontal connections\\nwere required for every instrument.\\nThe spring jack consists essentially of\\na plate or strap of brass upon which the\\njack, also of brass, is held firmly by means\\nof a spring. Each of these is in connec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion with one of the ordinary board\\nstraps to which the two ends of the line\\nwire are connected, and which are thus\\neffectually cut out. The instrument\\nwires are connected through a flexible\\nconducting cord, similar to that used\\nwith the ordinary plug switch, with the\\ntwo brass sides of a wedge which are\\nseparated and insulated from each other\\nby hard rubber. When this wedge is\\ninserted between the jack and the lower\\nplate the instrument is cut in.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "54\\nLoops.\\nWhat is technically termed a \u00e2\u0080\u0098\u00e2\u0080\u0098loop\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nin telegraphy, is a wire branching off\\nfrom the main circuit, running to some\\npoint and returning again to the line. A\\nloop is arranged so that it may be cut\\nout from the line if necessary. A plug\\nswitch is the most convenient for this\\npurpose, the switch being put in circuit\\nat the office where the loop commences,\\nand the wires of the loop attached to\\nthe plug.\\nArrangement of Offices.\\nIn the arrangement of offices, the line\\nwire entering the office first passes through\\nthe cut-out switch and lightning arrester,\\nand then through the key and the magnet\\nof the relay. It is immaterial which of\\nthese latter instruments is first in order\\nin the circuit, as long as they are all prop\u00c2\u00ac\\nerly connected. The circuit, after pass\u00c2\u00ac\\ning through the apparatus, is made com\u00c2\u00ac\\nplete to the ground, if it is a terminal\\noffice; or runs back through the lightning", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "55\\narrester and cnt-out, out of the office and\\non toward the next station, if it is a way\\nstation. The connections of the local cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuit, which is entirely confined to the\\noffice, may be understood by reference to\\nFig. 8.\\nArrangement of Batteries.\\nTwo batteries are generally used on the\\nmain circuit, one at each end. The\\nnumber of cells in each battery is equal\\nunder ordinary circumstances, and the\\nnumber will depend upon the length and\\nresistance of the circuit. Not only should\\nthe different cups of each battery be con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnected with regard to the law of attrac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion and repulsion, but the batteries at\\neach end of the line should be placed\\nwith opposite poles to the line in accord\u00c2\u00ac\\nance with the same law. Frequently,\\nseveral wires are worked from the same\\nbattery on the principle of a divided\\ncircuit 99 and in this case it is important\\nthat the wires should equal each other in\\nresistance as nearly as possible.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "56\\nRepeaters.\\nWhen the length of a telegraph circuit\\nrenders it of too great resistance to be\\nworked satisfactorily, the circuit is divided\\ninto two or more parts, and a repeater is\\nFig. 17.\\nused. The repeater repeats,\u00e2\u0080\u009d or trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nmits the signals received on one circuit\\ninto the other, much in the same way\\nas the relay repeats the signals from\\nthe main into the local circuit. The re-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "57\\npeater must be arranged, so as to transmit\\nfrom either circuit into the other, accord\u00c2\u00ac\\ning to the direction in which the message\\nmay be going.\\nThe connections of a simple \u00e2\u0080\u009cswitch\\nrepeater\u00e2\u0080\u009d are shown in Fig. 17. M and\\nM are the relay magnets of the eastern\\nand western circuits respectively; and\\nS and S are the sounders of the eastern\\nand western circuits; B and B the main\u00c2\u00ac\\nline batteries. The local circuits connect\\nthe sounders with the relays in the ordi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnary manner, but the local wires are omit\u00c2\u00ac\\nted in the figure, in order to avoid con\u00c2\u00ac\\nfusion of the lines.\\nThe sounders, S S are of a peculiar\\nconstruction, their levers being provided\\nwith platinum points, similar to those\\nof a relay. The opposite main circuit\\npasses through the lever and platinum\\npoints of each sounder, so that, as the\\nsounder is worked by its relay, it repeats\\nthe signals through its platinum points\\ninto the opposite circuit.\\nWith the switch, R, in the position\\nshown in the figure, the two circuits", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "58\\nwork through, not as a repeater, but as a\\nsingle circuit. This may be seen by tra\u00c2\u00ac\\ncing the connections in the figure. It\\nshould be remembered that the wires do\\nnot touch each other at points where they\\nare represented as crossing each other.\\nBy connecting the ground wire by means\\nof the ground switch, GS, the through\\ncircuit is divided into two distinct and\\nindependent circuits.\\nWhen the apparatus is arranged as a\\nrepeater, the ground wire is also con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnected. When the switch, It, is turned\\nso as to connect the points W and W, the\\nwestern sounder, S, repeats into the\\neastern circuit. When the switch, R, is\\nturned so as to connect the points E and\\nE, the reverse operation takes place, and\\nthe eastern sounder, S repeats into the\\nwestern circuit. The operation may be\\nreadily understood by carefully tracing\\nthe connections with the lever, R, in the\\nseveral different positions named.\\nIt will be noticed that the switch must\\nbe turned every time the sending changes\\nfrom one circuit to the other. Several", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "59\\nforms of \u00e2\u0080\u009cautomatic repeaters\u00e2\u0080\u0099\u00e2\u0080\u0099 are in\\nuse, in which this result is automatic, the\\nonly attention necessary being in keeping\\nthe apparatus properly adjusted.\\nAutomatic Repeaters.\\nOf the various forms of automatic re\u00c2\u00ac\\npeaters, the Milliken-Hicks repeater has\\nbeen adopted by the Western Union Tele\u00c2\u00ac\\ngraph Company as their standard. The\\nprinciple of its operation may he under\u00c2\u00ac\\nstood by reference to the diagram, Fig. IS.\\nThe relay is shown in Fig. 18\\nEach circuit passes through the larger\\nmagnet of the relay, and repeating points\\nof the repeating sounder, to ground.\\nThe local circuit connects contact points\\nof relay with the sounder magnet in the\\nusual manner. An extra local circuit\\nruns through the extra magnet, X, of\\nthe relay and the extra contact points\\nof the sounder on the opposite side. Xow,\\nlet the west circuit open key. Relay R\\nopens, and through its local circuit opens\\nsounder S, which opens the east circuit", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "Fig. 18.\\nMil liken Hicks Repeater,", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "61\\nat C. But S at the same time opens the\\nextra local circuit of the extra relay mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnet X and its armature lever falls back\\nand is drawn by the retractile spring\\nfirmly against the lever of R thus pre-\\nFig; 18a.\\nMilliken-Hicks Belay.\\nventing the breaking of the east local\\ncircuit, and holding the repeating sounder\\non that side closed. The east circuit\\nrepeats into the west in the same manner.\\nThe keys, hot shown in the diagram,\\nare connected in the usual manner.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "62\\nPART III. THE QUADRUPLEX.\\nDuplex and Quadruplex Systems.\\nA duplex telegraph is a system whereby\\na single line wire is utilized for the si\u00c2\u00ac\\nmultaneous transmission of two messages\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094as usually understood, one in each di\u00c2\u00ac\\nrection.\\nA quadruplex telegraph is a system\\nwhereby a single line wire is utilized for\\nthe simultaneous transmission of four\\nmessages\u00e2\u0080\u0094two in each direction.\\nExperiments in duplex transmission\\nwere made in England, Austria, and Ger\u00c2\u00ac\\nmany as early as the year 1853, hut\\nnothing of practical value seems to have\\nbeen accomplished until 1868, when J.\\nB. Stearns of Boston introduced his du\u00c2\u00ac\\nplex system upon the lines of the Frank\u00c2\u00ac\\nlin Telegraph Company. It was not\\nuntil 1872 that improvements were\\nmade by the same inventor which ren\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered his system practicable upon long\\nlines. The quadruplex was invented by\\nT. A. Edison in 1874, and important", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "63\\nimprovements were made later by various\\nAmerican electricians.\\nThe polar duplex is still in use, and\\nan examination of the principles in\u00c2\u00ac\\nvolved in both that and the Stearns sys\u00c2\u00ac\\ntem will be necessary as preliminary to\\nthe study of the quadruplex.\\nThe Stearns Duplex.\\nIn studying any system of double trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nmission, consider that it is only essential\\nthat each relay shall respond freely to the\\nsignals transmitted from the distant sta\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion, without interference from those\\ntransmitted at its own station, by which\\nit remains entirely unaffected.\\nReference is first made to principles\\nstated in Part I.: When a current di\u00c2\u00ac\\nvides between two branches of a circuit,\\nequal currents will traverse branches of\\nequal resistance. When currents of equal\\nstrength pass in opposite directions\\nthrough the coils of an electro-magnet,\\nno magnetic effect is manifested.\\nThe principle of the Stearns duplex\\nmay be readily understood by reference", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "64\\nto Fig. 19, which shows connections at\\none end of the line, station A, only, the\\nconnections at station B being identical.\\nN is a differentially wound or neutral\\nrelay, T a single-current transmitter, R\\nFig. 19.\\na rheostat, and B the battery. The key,\\nK, is not located in the main circuit, but\\noperates the transmitter through a local\\nbattery and connections, L, the trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nmitter itself performing the service of\\nopening and closing the main circuit.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "65\\nThe transmitter lever and connections\\nare shown on a larger scale by Fig. 19\u00c2\u00ab,\\nG representing the ground connection,\\nT the line, and B the battery connection.\\nThe position shown is when key is closed\\nand magnet M attracts, its armature.\\nThe opposite end of the lever is now\\nFig. 19a.\\nelevated, and the spring, S, which is in\u00c2\u00ac\\nsulated from the lever, is brought into\\ncontact with the set-screw, making con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnection from battery to line. When key\\nis open the same end of the lever moves\\ndownw.ard, breaking contact with B, and\\nspring S presses upward, making contact\\nwith C, establishing connection between", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "66\\nground and line. Thus, when the key\\nis closed battery is to line, when it is\\nopen line is to ground.\\nThe current from T divides at d (Fig.\\n19), passing in opposite directions through\\nthe coils of the neutral relay, one branch\\nthrough the rheostat circuit to ground,\\nthe other to line. The resistance of\\nthe rheostat being adjusted to make these\\ncurrents of equal strength, no magnetic\\neffect is produced in the relay. That\\nportion of the current going to line,\\nhowever, passes through the line coil only\\nof the relay at the distant station, B, and\\nthis current not being balanced by any\\ncurrent through the second coil, the arm\u00c2\u00ac\\nature of relay at B is attracted in re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsponse to signals from A, while the arma\u00c2\u00ac\\nture of relay at A remains inert.\\nNow, let key be closed at station B,\\nand a similar effect is produced, but in\\nthe opposite direction, relay B remaining\\nunaffected while relay A responds. These\\neffects are produced during simultaneous\\ntransmission from both ends of the line,\\nwhether the keys are closed simulta-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "67\\nneously or not. If A closes key at the\\nsame instant with B, the neutral effect\\nis produced in both relays by the current\\nfrom the home battery, but each receives\\nan additional strength of current from\\nthe distant station through the line\\ncoil of its relay which moves the arma-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "68\\nture. Thus, under all conditions, each\\nrelay is unaffected by signals sent at\\nits own station, while it responds to those\\nfrom the distant station.\\nThe neutral relay is similar in appear\u00c2\u00ac\\nance to the ordinary Morse relay, and\\noperates a sounder through a local battery\\nand connections, not shown in the dia\u00c2\u00ac\\ngram. The transmitter is shown in Fig.\\nm\\nThe Condenser.\\nA line wire will, to a certain extent,\\ninduce electricity in other objects, espe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncially adjacent wires upon the same route,\\nand thus, acting as an electrical con\u00c2\u00ac\\ndenser, will take up an additional charge.\\nIn the duplex, when the transmitter sud\u00c2\u00ac\\ndenly cuts off the battery and substitutes\\na route of small resistance to the ground,\\na portion of this accumulated charge\\nwill return to the ground rather than\\novercome the greater resistance of the\\nline. This return charge is known among\\noperators as the kick.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The result is\\na momentary magnetization of the relay,\\nwhich causes a false movement of the", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "69\\narmature. To counteract this a condenser\\nis used, which may be adjusted to coun\u00c2\u00ac\\nteract the accumulative capacity of the\\nline, and which, discharging itself through\\nPig: 20.\\nthe magnet coils in an opposite direction,\\nmay neutralize the effect of the kick.\\nThe condenser, as usually constructed,\\nconsists of sheets of tin-foil separated by\\nalternate sheets of mica, enclosed in a", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "70\\nflat wooden box. Alternate sheets of tin-\\nfoil are connected to line and ground in\\ncroups, and any number of groups re\u00c2\u00ac\\nquired may be placed in circuit by means\\nof plugs. C is the condenser in Figs. 19\\nand 20.\\nThe Polar Duplex.\\nThe polar relay is shown in Fig. 20 a.\\nA large permanent magnet of a curved\\nform is mounted upon a base. The\\nelectro-magnet cores are differentially\\nwound and fastened to the south pole of\\nthe permanent magnet, and so become\\nsouth poles by induction. The armature\\nlever is connected with the north pole of\\nthe permanent magnet, and so its end,\\nprojecting between the cores, becomes a\\nnorth pole by induction. Now, as long\\nas no current passes, both cores are, at\\ntheir upper ends, south poles, and the\\nlever is attracted equally by them, as long\\nas it is adjusted midway between them,\\nand remains inert.\\nThe pole-changer Fig. 20 b) is the in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstrument by means of which the direction\\nof the current is changed, thus producing", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "71\\nFig. 20a.\\nPolar Relay.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "n\\nchanges of polarity in the relay. It is\\noperated by a key and local battery.\\nFig. 20 is a theoretical diagram of the\\npolar duplex, and shows the operation of\\nthe pole-changing device. A thin strip\\nof metal projects from the end of the\\narmature lever, L, which is at all times\\nin connection with the ground. The\\nposition shown is when key is open, the\\narmature end of the lever being elevated,\\nwhile the contact end is depressed, which\\nplaces the pole of battery to ground\\nthrough contact spring c, while the\\npole is to line through c When key is\\nclosed the contact end of lever is elevated,\\nlifting c from the set-screw below it, and\\nallowing c to come in contact with the\\nset-screw above it, placing pole to line\\nand pole to ground.\\nP is the polar relay, and currents from\\neither C or C divide at d one branch\\nthrough one coil of the relay to line, the\\nother through the second coil of relay\\nand the rheostat, R, to ground. As in the\\nStearns duplex, the rheostat is balanced\\nto line, and the two branch currents are", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "73", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "74\\nof equal strength, and passing through\\nthe coils in opposite directions, produce\\nno magnetic effect.\\nNow, suppose the strength of each\\nbranch of the current traversing the coils\\nat station A to be represented by 3, and\\nthat while the pole of battery at A is\\nto line we place the pole of battery\\nto line at the distant station B. Then\\nthere will be an additional current having\\na strength of 3, from battery at B, pass\u00c2\u00ac\\ning through the line coil at A, and its\\narmature is attracted to s. In like man\u00c2\u00ac\\nner, at B the current from its battery\\nwill be augmented by a strength of\\n3 from the battery at A through the\\nline coil at B, and its armature also at\u00c2\u00ac\\ntracted to s.\\nNow, the first requirement is that each\\nrelay shall remain unaffected by changes\\noi polarity of its home battery. Open\\nthe pole-changer at A, reversing the poles\\nfrom to to line. Station B still\\nhas pole to line, and the two batteries\\nbeing now opposed to each other, no cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrent passes through the line coil of relay", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "75\\nat A, but there is still a current flowing\\nin through the second coil, and in the\\nsame direction as before the change of\\npolarity, and this repels the armature,\\nwhich remains as before.\\nThe second requirement is that the\\narmature of either relay shall respond to\\nchanges of polarity at the distant station.\\nLet A have pole to line and let dis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntant station B change from to\\nThe two batteries now oppose each other\\nand no current passes through the line\\ncoil at A, but a current of 3 still passes\\nthrough the rheostat branch to ground\\nthrough the second coil and in a direc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion opposite to that before the change\\nof polarity at B. Therefore the armature\\nis repelled to n. As these effects occur\\nin either direction, each relay responds\\nonly to changes of polarity at the distant\\nstation.\\nThe use of condenser C is to give a static\\ndischarge and prevent the kick at\\nthe instant of changes of polarity.\\nThe Quadruple^.\\nThese two systems of double trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nmission combined, with certain modifica-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "76\\nce\\nQ-\\no\\no\\nDouble Transmission in One Direction.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "77\\ntions, form the quadruplex. The most\\nimportant modification relates to the\\nStearns system. In this duplex, which\\noperates on the primary conditions of\\nbattery to line and no battery to line,\\nthere will he intervals when there is\\nno current on the line from either bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery. Again, the polar system operates\\nupon the principle of changes of polar\u00c2\u00ac\\nity, and it is evident that when com\u00c2\u00ac\\nbined with the Stearns duplex the in\u00c2\u00ac\\nterruption of the current by the Stearns\\nside will interfere with the working of\\nthe polar side. This difficulty is over\u00c2\u00ac\\ncome in the quadruplex by arranging the\\nbattery in two sections, and the trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nmitter, instead of cutting off battery en\u00c2\u00ac\\ntirely when the key is open, leaves one\\nthird of it in circuit, while the entire\\nbattery is in circuit when the key is\\nclosed.\\nSimplify the explanation by reference\\nto Fig. 20c, which is a theoretical diagram\\nshowing the combination of the neutral\\nand polar principles to work in one\\ndirection only, the two sending instru-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "Fig. 20 d\\n78\\nQuadruples Connections.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "79\\nments being at station A and the two re\u00c2\u00ac\\nceiving instruments at station B. The\\ncircuit, starting from ground at G, passes\\nto the pole-changer, PC, thence from\\ncontact s to pole of battery, from\\npole of battery to contact of transmitter\\nT, thence to the other contact s of PC.\\nA tap wire cutting off two thirds of the\\nbattery called the long end connects with\\nlever T as a substitute for the ground\\nconnection of the Stearns duplex.\\nAt station B, the polar relay, PR, re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsponds only to changes of polarity, or\\ndirection of current, without regard to\\nstrength. The neutral relay, N, responds\\nonly to increase in strength of current\\nwithout regard to polarity. Thus, PR re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsponds only to PC, and N responds only\\nto T. The polar relay, therefore, in\u00c2\u00ac\\ntended to respond to changes of polarity\\nin currents of varying strength, is made\\nvery sensitive, the coils being usually\\nwound to about 400 ohms resistance in\\neach direction. The neutral relay is less\\nsensitive, being wound to about 200 ohms\\nin each direction, and its retractile spring", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "80\\nis adjusted to such a tension as to resist\\nthe attraction of the armature when the\\ntransmitter at station A is open, and it\\nreceives the strength of only one third of\\nthe battery (the short end), while it re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsponds when the transmitter is closed\\nand it receives the strength of the whole\\nbattery. Thus, the continuity of the\\ncircuit is never broken by either T, or\\nPC at station A. T varies the strength\\nof current going to station 13, while PC\\nchanges its polarity although ihe signals\\ntransmitted by PC may vary in strength\\naccording to the position of T at the par\u00c2\u00ac\\nticular instant, and it is evident that each\\nrelay at B will respond independently.\\nThe diagram, Fig. 20 d, shows the\\nactual connections of the quadruplex at\\none station. The circuits connecting\\ntransmitter T, pole-changer PC, and the\\nline coils of neutral relay NR and polar re\u00c2\u00ac\\nlay PR, and thence to line, are represented\\nby unbroken lines. The branch circuit\\nthrough the second coils of the relays\\nand rheostat to ground are shown in\\nbroken lines. Other connections are in\\nfine dotted lines. The local circuits oper-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "81\\nating the transmitter, pole-changer, and\\nsounders, are omitted from the diagram.\\nTrace the line connections, which run\\nvirtually the same as in Fig. 20c, from the\\nground, G, following the figures on the\\ndiagram to 6, where the connections with\\nthe two back stops of PC unite, thence\\nto ground switch, GS, and resistance box,\\nS. Here the circuit divides for the two\\n.coils of the relays, the unbroken lines\\npassing through the first coil of the re\u00c2\u00ac\\nlays, and lightning arrester, A, to line;\\nthe broken lines through the secondary\\ncoils, and rheostat, It, to ground at G.\\nThe battery tap wire is shown in fine\\ndotted lines, and it will he noticed that\\ninstead of running directly to the trans\u00c2\u00ac\\nmitter lever, it makes a loop through a\\nsmall set of resistance coils which are\\nincluded in the same box with the rheo\u00c2\u00ac\\nstat. This resistance is adjusted to\\nbalance the internal resistance of the long\\nend of the battery, which is cut off by\\nthe transmitter when the circuit is\\nthrough the tap wire, and thus prevent\\nvariations of resistance in the circuit re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsulting from the division of the battery.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "82\\nAt each change of polarity of the bat\u00c2\u00ac\\ntery, the line wire, on long circuits, may\\naccumulate a static charge, producing a\\nkick in the polar relay, and a condenser\\nis used, as shown, to neutralize this\\netfect. At the instant of change of polar\u00c2\u00ac\\nity, the armature of the neutral relay\\nalso has a tendency to fall back, thus\\nmutilating the signals on the neutral side.\\nThis defect is remedied by placing the\\ncontact point of the neutral relay on the\\nback stop, and a repeating sounder is\\nsubstituted for the ordinary local sound\u00c2\u00ac\\ner. The repeating sounder again re\u00c2\u00ac\\nverses the signals, which are then received\\non a sounder through an extra local cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuit. Now, the time of demagnetization\\nof the neutral relay, during the changes\\nof polarity, is so short that the armature\\nis again attracted before it makes firm\\ncontact on the back stop, hence the arm\u00c2\u00ac\\nature of the repeating sounder does not\\nmove sufficiently to mutilate the signals\\nas received on the sounder.\\nThe polar side is also called the No. 1\\nSide and the neutral side the No. 2 Side.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "83\\nPART IV.\u00e2\u0080\u0094PRACTICAL TELEGRAPHY.\\nAlphabet and Numerals.\\nThe Morse, or dot and dash alphabet\\nis as follows:\\nA J- S\\nB- K T\\nC L U-\\nD- M- V-\\nE N W-\\nF- O X\\nG- P Y\\nH Q- Z\\nI R\\nPeriod\\nComma\\nExclamation--\\nInterrogation-\\nThe following are the punctuation\\nmarks\\n1 6\\n2 7-\\n3 8-\\n4 9-\\n5 0 t-\\nSeveral other characters formerly used\\nfor punctuation have become obsolete,\\nand combinations of letters are used in\u00c2\u00ac\\nstead, as 4 4 Pn for parenthesis 4 4 Qn\\nfor quotation etc. The combination\\n44 Sx\u00e2\u0080\u009d is also used for the dollar sign", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "84\\nAdjustment of Instruments.\\nThe proper adjustment of the instru\u00c2\u00ac\\nments is always an important duty, and\\noften a difficult one. Under ordinary\\ncircumstances, an armature should be\\nadjusted so that there will be about space\\nenough between it and the poles of the\\nmagnet, to insert a piece of heavy writing\\npaper, when the armature is attracted to\u00c2\u00ac\\nward the magnet. If the armature touches\\nthe poles of the magnet it will S( stick.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nIn stormy weather, which renders the\\ninsulation of the line defective, the mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnet of the relay must be drawn back, by\\nmeans of the adjustment screw, to a\\ngreater distance from its armature. The\\nreason of this is, that the escape of the\\ncurrent from the line causes residual\\nmagnetism in the cores of the relay mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnet, which must be counteracted by ad\u00c2\u00ac\\njusting back the cores. The spring of\\nthe relay armature must be adjusted to\\nsuit the strength of the current. In\\nstormy weather adjusting is often exceed\u00c2\u00ac\\ningly difficult, and it is sometimes almost\\n-impossible to keep the relay working. In", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "85 N\\nsuch cases the key should not be opened\\nuntil the relay is carefully adjusted, to\\nmake sure that no other office is using\\nthe circuit.\\nWhen the key \u00e2\u0080\u009csticks,\u00e2\u0080\u009d or fails to\\nbreak circuit, it is usually caused either\\nby the platinum points becoming burned\\nand roughened by the passage of the cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrent, or by dirt and dust around the anvil\\nand platinum points,which forms a partial\\nconnection when the circuit is opened.\\nThe platinum points may be cleaned by a\\npiece of heavy writing paper, or fine\\nemery paper, or, in an extreme case by a\\nvery fine file; but much filing of the\\npoints should be avoided.\\nWhen the relay works properly and the\\nsounder does not work, the fault is in the\\nlocal circuit. The cause will generally\\nbe found in a broken or disconnected\\nwire, or in weakness of the local battery.\\nAll the connections and binding posts in\\nan office, especially those of the main cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuit, should be carefully watched, and\\nkept closely and firmly screwed up. The\\nlightning arresters should be kept clean,", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "86\\nand always carefully examined after an\\nelectric storm.\\nTesting Telegraph Lines.\\nThe interruptions which occur in the\\nworking of telegraph lines are most com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmonly caused by breaks, escapes, or\\ncrosses. Trouble is also sometimes caused\\nby a loose joint or connection in the cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuit, or by the escape of the current from\\none wire to another on the same poles\\nwhen they are imperfectly insulated, or\\nby a defective ground wire connection.\\nBreaks.\\nThe most common causes of the break\u00c2\u00ac\\ning of the circuit are a key left open, or\\na broken line wire. When a break occurs\\nthe relays will all remain open,\u00e2\u0080\u009d and\\nthe result is a total suspension of business\\nupon\u00e2\u0080\u0099 the circuit. Every operator should\\nproceed to test for the break by connect\u00c2\u00ac\\ning the.ground wire of his office, first on\\none side of the instruments and then on\\nthe other. Supposing the break to be\\neast of an office, no \u00e2\u0080\u009ccircuit\u00e2\u0080\u009d is made", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "87\\nwhen the ground wire is put on west of th6\\ninstruments, but when it is put on east\\nof them the circuit of the battery at the\\nwest end of the line is completed through\\nthe ground wire, and all offices west of the\\nground wire can work with each other.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "88\\nThis is made clearer by reference to\\nFig. 21, which represents a line with\\nthree offices, ABC, with a break at F,\\nbetween B and. C. When the ground\\nwire at B is put on west of the office the\\nbreak interrupts the circuit, but when it\\nis put on east the circuit is complete be\u00c2\u00ac\\ntween A and B, showing that the break\\nis east of B. In this way, it is evident\\nthat^ the fault may be located between\\nsome two stations.\\nEscapes.\\nEscapes often occur, in a greater or les*\\ndegree, all along a line, from defective\\ninsulation, especially during stormy\\nweather. When, however, there is an\\nescape at any particular point, it may be\\nlocated as follows: The circuit manager\\nshould call up the offices in order, begin\u00c2\u00ac\\nning with the one at the farther end of\\nthe line, and have them open circuit for\\na moment. When the circuit is open be\u00c2\u00ac\\nyond the escape a little current will still\\npass over the line, completing its circuit\\nthrough the escape and ground.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "89\\nOn the line shown in Fig. 22 the es\u00c2\u00ac\\ncape is at F. When the key at 0 is open\\nthere will still be a current at A, which\\npasses through the escape and ground.\\nWhen the key at B is open this current\\nis stopped, locating the escape between\\nB and C.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "90\\nGrounds.\\nThe only difference between an escape\\nand a ground is, that a ground causes the\\nloss of the whole, and an escape of only\\na part of the current. A ground is tested\\nfor and located in the same way as an\\nescape. A ground is often caused by a\\nground wire being carelessly left on in an\\noffice.\\nCrosses.\\nFig. 23 represents a line with two\\nwires, No. 1 and No. 2, which are crossed\\nbetween B and C. To locate the cross\\nthe circuit manager at A should open No.\\n2 as shown, and have C open No. 1 and\\nsend dots on No. 2. These dots will be\\ntransferred at the cross from No. 2 to No.\\n1 and come on No. 1 at A. If, however,\\nB opens No. 1 and attempts to send dots\\non No. 2, there is no circuit on either\\nwire, as they are both open, one at A and\\nthe other at B, showing that the cross is\\nbeyond B.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "91\\nFig. 23.\\nCross.\\nMaintenance of Battery.\\nTo start the battery, place the parts in\\nposition, put from to f of a pound of\\nsulphate of copper (blue vitriol) in the\\nbottom of the jar, and fill it with water\\nsufficient to cover the top of the zinc.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "92\\nThe battery should be allowed to stand\\nquietly, so as to avoid mixing the solu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions, and when newly set up, must stand\\nfor several hours on closed circuit before\\nit will develop its normal electro-motive\\nforce. Sulphate of copper is composed of\\noxide of copper and sulphuric acid. It\\nis decomposed by the action of the battery,\\nthe copper being separated from the acid\\nand deposited upon the copper plate of\\nthe battery in the form of a scaly crust,\\nwhile the acid attacks the zinc, by which\\nit is constantly consumed, forming sul\u00c2\u00ac\\nphate of zinc in the upper part of the\\njar. The battery, if in proper condition,\\nshould show a distinctly marked line of\\nseparation of the solutions, although, as\\nusually cared for, it seldom does so. As\\nthe sulphate of copper is constantly being\\ndissolved, a few crystals may be dropped\\nto the bottom of the jar once in every\\ntwo or three days, keeping the blue line\\nof separation up to within about one inch\\nof the bottom of the zinc. On the other\\nhand, the zinc solution is constantly in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncreasing in density, and a little may be", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "93\\ndrawn off from time to time by means of\\na syringe, and replaced by fresh water.\\nThe zinc should be removed from the\\njar occasionally and cleaned with a brush.\\nThe battery should be kept clean, and\\nnot allowed to freeze, for when frozen the\\ncurrent is weakened or altogether sus\u00c2\u00ac\\npended.\\nBalancing the Quadruplex.\\nThe ground switch, GS, in Fig. 20 d,\\nis used in making the balance of the\\nquadruplex. The distant station is re\u00c2\u00ac\\nquested to \u00e2\u0080\u009cground.\u00e2\u0080\u009d This cuts out his\\nwhole battery and pole-changer, but in\u00c2\u00ac\\ncludes a resistance in the rheostat box.\\nas shown in the diagram, which is equal\\nto the internal resistance of the battery,\\nconsequently the balance will be correct\\nwhen the battery is again cut in. Now,\\nthe station making the balance turns his\\nswitch to ground also, and line is with\u00c2\u00ac\\nout battery at either end. Adjust the\\narmature of polar relay so it will remain\\non whichever side it is placed. Then cut", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "94\\nin full battery and adjust the rheostat un\u00c2\u00ac\\ntil the armature of polar relay will again\\nremain on whichever side it is placed,\\nshowing that the resistances of the line\\nand rheostat branches are equal. Finally,\\nopen and close the pole-changer and ad\u00c2\u00ac\\njust the condenser until the polar relay\\ndoes not respond to the static charge or\\ndischarge of the line.\\nThe polar duplex is balanced in a sim\u00c2\u00ac\\nilar manner.\\nPART V.\u00e2\u0080\u0094CONSTRUCTION OF LINES.\\nThe improper and imperfect construe,\\nfcion of telegraph lines is often the cause\\nof much unnecessary trouble and waste of\\nmaterial in working them. It is proposed\\nto give, in this chapter, a general idea of\\nthe proper construction of a line, with\\nsuch hints as may be of assistance to stu\u00c2\u00ac\\ndents and amateurs in the construction\\nand equipment of private and short lines.\\nThe essential parts of a telegraph line\\nare the conductors, which form a path", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "95\\nfor the current, and the insulators, which\\nconfine the current to the conductors and\\nprevent its escape to the ground. The\\npoles are not essential to the working of a\\nline, but serve merely as a support for the\\nconductors, which are insulated from\\nthem at each point of support.\\nThe Conductors.\\nGalvanized iron is most commonly used\\nfor line wire, as plain iron wire is liable\\nto rust, which impairs its conducting\\npower. On the best lines the sizes known\\nas Nos. 8 and 9 are generally used, but a\\nSmaller size, as No. 11 or No. 12, w ill\\nanswer for short lines. It should be re\u00c2\u00ac\\nmembered that the smaller the size of the\\nwire the less is its conducting power, and\\nconsequently, the greater the battery\\npower that will be required to work it.\\nGreat care should be exercised in mak\u00c2\u00ac\\ning joints or splices, either in the line or\\noffice wires. One loose joint often gives\\nmore resistance than a great length of\\ncontinuous wire. The proper way to\\nmake a ioint is to twist the end of each", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "Glass Insum tor.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "97\\nwire several times closely around the other,\\nwith the several turns of wire at right\\nangles to the line. Wires should nevei\\nhe hooked together end bent back upon\\nthemselves\\nLine wires of hard drawn copper are\\nnow in common use, especially for quad-\\nruplex and important circuits.\\nThe Insulators.\\nThe glass insulator, shown in Fig. 24,\\nis the most common form. It is made\\nto screw upon a thread cut upon a bracket\\nwhich is spiked to the side of the pole,\\nor, more frequently, upon a pin which is\\nset in a cross-arm. The line wire is\\nfastened to the insulator by a short piece\\nof wire called tie tvire, which is passed\\naround a groove in the insulator and its\\nends twisted around the line wire on each\\nside. The insulator should never be\\nfastened to the bracket by a spike driven\\nover it into the pole, nor should the edge\\nof the insulator be allowed to touch the\\ntop edge of the bracket or the side of the", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "98\\npole, for this forms a connection between\\nthe insulator and the pole, causing an\\nescape when the insulator is wet.\\nVarious other forms of insulators are\\nused for ordinary line work, or for spe\u00c2\u00ac\\ncial purposes.\\nFitting up Offices.\\nThe line wires usually pass into an\\noffice directly over a window, and are\\ncarried through insulating window tubes\\nof hard rubber. An enlarged head is\\nusually made on the end of the tube\\nwhich is inside the office. The line wire\\nis securely fastened to an insulator outside\\nthe office whence it runs through the\\ntube. The end of the wire which pro\u00c2\u00ac\\njects through the tube is commonly bent\\ninto a hook, and the copper office wire\\nspliced to it. A large number of close\\nconvolutions should be made around the\\nline wire, and the joint carefully soldered.\\nA better method is to cut a thread upon\\nthe end of the line wire, upon which a\\nbinding post may be screwed to receive\\nthe office wire.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "99\\nWires are now frequently brought into\\noffices by using insulated copper wires\\ngrouped in cables, which are connected\\nto the line wires within a box fixed to the\\npole outside the office. A lightning ar\u00c2\u00ac\\nrester is generally used in connection, the\\nground wire running down the side of\\nthe pole.\\nCopper wire is used within offices.\\nNo. 16 is the most common size, and it\\nis usually insulated by a covering of cot\u00c2\u00ac\\nton or linen. It may be fastened to the\\nwalls or table whenever desired by small\\nwire staples. The arrangement of the\\napparatus and batteries has already been\\nexplained. Splices in office wires should\\nbe very carefully and firmly made.\\nGround-wire Connections.\\nGround wires should be insulated with\\ngutta-percha, or some other material not\\nliable to be affected by exposure to the\\nweather, and firmly attached to a large\\nplate of metal, buried deep enough in the\\nground to be beyond the reach of frost,\\nand always in connection with moist\\nearth. For a short line a sheet of oop-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "100\\nper or tin having a surface of several\\nsquare feet will make a good ground con\u00c2\u00ac\\nnection. The ground wire should be sol\u00c2\u00ac\\ndered to the plate, so as to insure a firm\\ncontact.\\nPrivate and Short Lines.\\nA short line may be operated much\\nmore economically and satisfactorily by\\nthe observance of the proper proportions\\nbetween the conductors, instruments/and\\nbatteries. The rule of the Proportion\\nof Electro-magnets to the Circuit\u00e2\u0080\u009d has\\nbeen given in Part I. As it is not often\\nconvenient to measure the resistance of\\nshort private lines, the approximate re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance per mile of galvanized iron line\\nwires is given below. If the line is well\\nconstructed, these figures will approxi\u00c2\u00ac\\nmate to the resistance of the line, undei\\nfavorable circumstances.\\nNo. 8 wire, about 16 Ohms per mih*.\\nNo. 9 20\\nNo. 10 24\\nNo. 11 30\\nNo. 12 36|", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "101\\nFor an example, suppose a line one and\\none-half miles in length, of No. 10 wire.\\nIts resistance by the above figures would\\nbe 36 ohms. The resistance of the electro\u00c2\u00ac\\nmagnets should, according to our rule,\\nequal that of the line. If there are four\\nmagnets in circuit they should have a re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance of 9 ohms each, as 36-^4 9.\\nThis gives a resistance of the whole cir\u00c2\u00ac\\ncuit as follows\\nResistance of Conductor.... 36 Ohms.\\n4 Magnets, 9\\nohms each.. 36\\nTotal...72 Ohms.\\nThe internal resistance of a battery\\nsufficient to work a line of so light a re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance is so small that it need not be\\ntaken into account. Under favorable\\nconditions, 4 cells of Daniell, Hill or\\nCallaud battery will operate this line\\nsatisfactorily.\\nThe comparative strength of current\\nwith different numbers of cells of battery\\nmay be calculated by Ohm s Law, given", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "102\\nin Part 1, thus;\u00e2\u0080\u0094the electro-motive force\\nof a cell of battery being taken at 56\\nWith 2 cells of battery, electro-motive\\nforce is 112, resistance of circuit is 72\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nil2-i-72=1.55 effective strength of cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrent.\\nWith 4 cells of battery, electro-motive\\nforce is 224, resistance of circuit is 72\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n224-^-72=3.11 effective strength of cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrent.\\nThe resistance of the whole number\\nof electro-magnets should be equal to\\nthe resistance of the rest of the circuit,\\nand the resistance of the magnets should\\nbe equal with respect to each other. Much\\nmore satisfactory results can be obtained\\nin the working of a short line by having\\nthe magnets made to order of the resis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntance required. In most cases relays\\nwill not be necessary on such a line, but\\nthe common local sounders, of a high re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance, may be worked direct by the\\nmain line current.\\nIn actual practice better results may\\nbe obtained by making the resistance of\\nelectro-magnets somewhat less than that", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "I\\n103\\nof the other parts of the circuit, making\\nallowance for the defective insulation of\\nthe line, as on poorly insulated lines the\\nactual resistance will be considerably re\u00c2\u00ac\\nduced during wet weather.\\nIn calculating the resistance of the\\nshort lines above considered, the interna.\\nresistance of the batteries is not taken\\ninto account. In actual practice this\\nshould always be considered, and the\\ncomputation may be made by the follow\u00c2\u00ac\\ning formula\\nE. equals the electro-motive force of batteries.\\nR. resistance of the line.\\nM. resistance of the magnets.\\nB. internal resistance of batteries.\\nC strength of the current.\\nThen c= rtStb", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\nSUGGESTIONS AND EXERCISES FOR\\nLEARNERS.\\nIt is extremely desirable that a student\\nof telegraphy should commence his prac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntice under the instruction of a competent\\nand thorough operator, but as many stu\u00c2\u00ac\\ndents are unable, at first, to obtain such\\ninstruction, the following suggestions\\nmay be beneficial to them, until they\\nhave an opportunity for practice in a\\nregular telegraph office.\\nAn erroneous idea prevails among many\\nlearners that it is an easy matter to learn\\nto \u00e2\u0080\u009csend,\u00e2\u0080\u009d and that it is proficiency in\\nreceiving,\u00e2\u0080\u009d or reading by sound,\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nonly, which is secured by long and dili\u00c2\u00ac\\ngent practice. The style of sending of\\ndifferent operators varies as much as the\\nstyle of penmanship of different individ\u00c2\u00ac\\nuals. If a student learns to send too fast", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "105\\nhe will certainly acquire a bad style. A\\ngood rule is, never to let the speed of\\nsending exceed the rate at which the\\nsame student has learned to receive by\\nsound.\\nThe first part of a student\u00e2\u0080\u0099s education\\nis the memorizing of the Morse alphabet,\\nwhich has been given in another part of\\nthis book. When the characters have\\nbeen learned, they may be practiced upon\\nthe key but, as it is the opinion of\\nexperienced\u00e2\u0080\u0099 instructors that it is better\\nnot to practice the alphabet in its regular\\norder, the letters are given hereafter in\\ngroups, each one of which forms an exer\u00c2\u00ac\\ncise which should be practiced until\\nthoroughly mastered before commencing\\nthe next.\\nAttention should be given from the\\nfirst, to the correct position of the hand\\nin manipulating the key. Place the hand\\nwith the first two fingers upon the top of\\nthe finger piece of the key, with the\\nthumb at the side, and partly beneath\\nthe finger piece. The third and fourth\\nfingers should assume much the same", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "106\\nposition as when holding a pen in writing\\nThe arm should rest upon the table at or\\nnear the elbow, with the wrist entirely\\nfree from the table. Keep the fingers\\nconstantly upon the key during manipula\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion,-grasping the key firmly, but not too\\nhard.\\nThe force imparted to the key should\\nbe from the wrist, and not from the\\nfingers, the wrist always moving in the\\nsame direction with the lever of the key.\\nThe pressure should be directly down\u00c2\u00ac\\nwards, and not sideways. Let the\\nmotion be moderately firm, and give the\\nlever the full vertical motion, so that the\\ndownward motion insures a firm contact\\nbetween the platinum points, and the up\u00c2\u00ac\\nward motion the complete breaking of the\\ncircuit.\\nThe dots and dashes composing each\\ncharacter are separated from each other\\nby breaks the different characters are\\nseparated from each other by spaces, and\\nwords are separated from each other by a\\nstill longer space. Correct sending de\u00c2\u00ac\\npends upon the perfect proportion in the", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "107\\nlength of dots and dashes, breaks and\\nspaces.\\nPractice the following exercises in\\norder. Do not leave one until it is\\nthoroughly mastered.\\nExercise 1.\\nE. I. S. H. P.\\nMake the breaks between the dots as\\nshort as possible, but let the upward mo\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the key be full and free.\\nExercise 2.\\nT. L. M.\\nThe dash should be three times the\\nlength of a dot. Make the dashes in M\\nof equal length and close together. Do\\nnot make T too long, or L too short. L\\nshould be twice the length of T.\\nA.\\nExercise 3.\\nU.\\nV.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "108\\nExercise 4.\\nN. D. B.\\nCare should be taken to make the let*\\nters in the above two exercises compact\\nand to preserve the proper proportions\\nbetween dots and dashes.\\nIn the foregoing exercises there are\\nfour classes of letters, as follows\\nFirst, dots.\\nSecond, dashes.\\nThird, dots followed by dashes.\\nFourth, dashes followed by dots.\\nThe rest of the exercises include all the\\nremaining letters of the alphabet, which\\nare combinations of those already given.\\nExercise 5.\\nF. X. W. G.\\nThe following are called the spaced", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "109\\nletters/\u00e2\u0080\u0099 the \u00e2\u0080\u009cspace\u00e2\u0080\u009d being just long\\nenough to distinguish it from a break.\u00e2\u0080\u009d\\nExercise 6.\\n0. R.\\nC. Z. Y.\\nThe figures and punctuation marks are\\nomitted in the above exercises, as they\\nare more difficult than the letters, and it\\nis better to practice the easier combina\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions until a complete control is gained\\nover the key. When once the student\\nhas become master of the key he will have\\nno difficulty in forming any character,\\nand the figures and punctuation marks\\nmay be practiced in order, as given in\\nanother part of this book.\\nFractions are formed by using a dot to\\nrepresent the line between numerator and\\ndenominator.\\nIn sending large numbers, a space,\\nequal to that used between words, is used", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "110\\nto divide them into periods of three fig\u00c2\u00ac\\nures each.\\nAfter having learned thoroughly all\\nthe Morse characters, commence to prac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntice short words, writing slowly and spac-*\\ning carefully.\\nParticular care should be exercised in\\nwriting words containing spaced letters.\\nThe following words present a few exam\u00c2\u00ac\\nples, which will illustrate the difficulty\\nof writing words containing a number of\\nspaced letters: Ice, Erie, Kice, Cicero,\\nReceive.\\nNo forms for commercial and railroad\\nmessages are here given, as these are\\namong the details of telegraph business,\\nwith which the student should familiarize\\nhimself by actual practice in a regular\\ntelegraph office.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nAdjustment of Instruments, 84.\\nAlphabet \u00e2\u0080\u0094Morse, 83; Exercises for Practic\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, 107.\\nAmpere, 20.\\nArmature, 24.\\nArrangement of Batteries, 55; Cells in, 14.\\nArrangement of Offices, 54.\\nAttraction and Repulsion \u00e2\u0080\u0094Law of Electri\u00c2\u00ac\\ncal, 9.\\nAutomatic Repeaters, 59.\\nBalancing the Quadruplex, 93.\\nBatteries \u00e2\u0080\u0094Arrangement of, 55; Electrical\\nQuantity and Tension of, 14; Galvanic, 11.\\nBattery \u00e2\u0080\u0094Arrangement of Cells in, 14; Care of,\\n91; Gravity, 15; Poles of a, 12- Setting\\nup, 91.\\nBox Relay, 43.\\nBreaks \u00e2\u0080\u0094Testing for, 86.\\nCables \u00e2\u0080\u0094Wires grouped in, 99.\\nCells \u00e2\u0080\u0094of a Battery, Arrangement of, 14.\\nCircuit \u00e2\u0080\u0094Galvanic, 9: Local, 33; Metallic, 29:\\nProportion of Electro-magnets to, 27; Tel\u00c2\u00ac\\negraph, 29.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "112\\nINDEX.\\nCircuits\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Divided, 21.\\nCondensers, 68.\\nConductors\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of a Telegraph Line, 95.\\nConductors and Non-Conductors, 10.\\nConstruction of Lines, 94.\\nCopper Line Wires, 97.\\nCrosses\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Testing for, 90.\\nCurrent\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Direction of the, 12; Electric, 9. Gal\u00c2\u00ac\\nvanic or Voltaic, 9; Unit of, 20.\\nCurrents\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Measurement of, 20.\\nCut-Outs, 45; Plug, 45; Spring, 47; Spring\\nJack, 53.\\nDifferential Magnets, 25.\\nDirection of Current, 12.\\nDivided Circuits, 21.\\nDouble Transmission\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in one direction, 77.\\nDuplex Telegraphs, 62; Polar, 70; Stearns, 63.\\nEdison\u00e2\u0080\u0094 -Inventor of the Quadruplex, 62.\\nElectric Current, 9.\\nElectrical Quantity and Tension, 13.\\nElectricity, 9; Galvanic or Voltaic,11; Posi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntive and Negative, 9.\\nElectro-Magnets, 23; Differential, 25; Poles\\nof, 25; Proportions of, 28.\\nElectro-motive Force, 17; Unit of, 18.\\nEnergy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Electrical, 18.\\nEscapes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Testing for, 88.\\nExercises for Learners, 104.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n113\\nFaults\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In Line, 86; in Local Circuit, 85.\\nFitting up Offices, 98.\\nFractions\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sending, 109.\\nGalvanic Battery, 11.\\nGalvanic Circuit, 12.\\nGalvanic Electricity, 11.\\nGalvanometer, 20.\\nGlass Insulator, 97.\\nGravity Battery, 15.\\nGrounds\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Testing for, 90.\\nGround Switches, 46; 52.\\nGround Wires, 85; Connections for, 99.\\nInduction\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Magnetic, 26.\\nInstruments\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Adjustment of, 84; Combination\\nSet of, 44; Main Line, 48.\\nInsulator\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Glass, 27.\\nInsulators\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of Electricity, 10; of a Telegraph\\nLine, 97.\\nIntensity\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of Currents, 13.\\nIntermediate Offices, 82.\\nInventor\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of the Telegraph, 28; of the Quad-\\nruplex, 62.\\nJoints in Wires, 95, 98.\\nKey, 35 Manipulation of, 105; Sticking of, 85.\\nKick\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the, 68.\\nLaw\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ohm\u00e2\u0080\u0099s, 18.\\nLaws of the Current, 9, 12, 18, 27.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "114\\nINDEX.\\ni\\nLessons for Learners, 104.\\nLightning Arresters, 48, 49, 50; Care of, 85.\\nLines \u00e2\u0080\u0094Construction of, 94; Private and Short,\\n100 Testing of, 86.\\nLine Wires, 95; Copper, 97 Joints in, 95; Re\u00c2\u00ac\\nsistance of, 100 Sizes of, 95.\\nLocal Circuit, 38; Faults in, 85.\\nLoops, 54.\\nLong End \u00e2\u0080\u0094of Battery, 79.\\nMagnets \u00e2\u0080\u0094Electro, 23; Armature of, 24; Dif\u00c2\u00ac\\nferential, 25; Polarized, 70; Poles of, 26;\\nProportions of, 28 Proportion of to Circuit,\\n29; Relay. 40; Sounder, 40.\\nMaintenance of Battery, 91.\\nMagnetic Induction, 26.\\nMagnetism \u00e2\u0080\u0094Residual, 27 Induced, 26.\\nMeasurement \u00e2\u0080\u0094of Currents, 20; of Resistance,\\n20\\nMetallic Circuit, 29.\\nMilliken Hicks Repeater, 59; Relay, 61.\\nMorse, 28; Alphabet, 83; Telegraph, 28.\\nNeutral Relay, 68.\\nOffices, Arrangement of, 54; Fitting up, 98;\\nIntermediate, 32; Wires in, 99.\\nOffice Wires, 99.\\nOhm, 17.\\nOhm\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Law, 18.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n115\\nPlug Switch, 45.\\nPolar Duplex, 70; Balancing the, 94.\\nPolar Relay, 70.\\nPole Changer, 70.\\nPoles \u00e2\u0080\u0094of a Battery, 12; of a Magnet, 25.\\nPositive and Negative \u00e2\u0080\u0094Electricity, 9; Poles\\nof a Battery, 12.\\nPotential \u00e2\u0080\u0094Electrical, 18; Unit of, 18.\\nPractical Telegraphy, 88.\\nPrivate Lines, 100.\\nProportion\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of Electro-Magnet to Circuit, 27.\\nProportions \u00e2\u0080\u0094of Electro-Magnets, 28.\\nQuadruplex, 75; Balancing the, 93; Invention\\nof, 62; Polar Side of, 82; Neutral Side of, 82.\\nQuantity \u00e2\u0080\u0094Electrical, 13.\\nRelay \u00e2\u0080\u0094Morse, 38; Box, 43; Milliken-Hicks,\\n61; Neutral. 68; Polar, 70.\\nRepeaters, 56; Automatic, 59; Milliken-Hicks,\\n59; Switch, 57.\\nResidual Magnetism, 27.\\nResistance, 17; Measurement of, 20; of Line\\nWires, 100; LTnitof, 17.\\nRheostat, 20.\\nShort End \u00e2\u0080\u0094of Battery, 80.\\nShort Lines, 100.\\nSingle Current Transmitter, 65.\\nSounder \u00e2\u0080\u0094Main Line, 41; Morse, 40; Repeat\u00c2\u00ac\\ning, 57.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "116\\nINDEX.\\nSplices\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in Wires, 95, 98.\\nSpring Cut-Out, 47.\\nSpring Jack, 53.\\nStearns Duplex, 63.\\nSwitch \u00e2\u0080\u0094Plug, 45; Spring Cut-Out, 47.\\nSwitch Board, 50.\\nTap Wire, 79, 81.\\nTelegraph\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Duplex, 62; Invention of, 28;\\nMorse, 28; Quadruplex, 62, 75.\\nTelegraph Circuit, 29.\\nTelegraph Lines\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Construction of, 94; Insula\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of, 97 Private, 100;. Testing of, 86.\\nTelegraphy\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Practical, 83.\\nTension \u00e2\u0080\u0094Electrical, 14.\\nTesting Telegraph Lines, 86.\\nTie Wires, 97.\\nTransmitter\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Single Current, 65.\\nUnits\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Of Current, 20; Of Electro-motive\\nForce, 18; Of Potential, 18; Of Resistance,\\n17.\\nVolt, 18.\\nVoltaic Electricity, 11.\\nWindow Tubes, 98.\\nWires \u00e2\u0080\u0094Copper Line, 97; Joints in, 95, 98;\\nResistance of, 100; Sizes of, 95.", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "CATALOGUE\\nOF THE\\nSCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS\\nOF\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY,\\n23 Murray Street and 27 Warren Street, N. Y.\\nA. B. C. CODE, (See Clausen-Thue.)\\nABBOTT (A. V.). The Elertrical Transmission of\\nEnergy. A Manual for the Design of Electrical\\nCircuits. Second edition, revised. Fully illustrated.\\n8vo, cloth.$4 50\\nABBOT (Gen\u00e2\u0080\u0099l HENRY E.). The Defence of the\\nSeacoast of the United States. Lectures delivered\\nbefore the U. S. Naval War College. 8vo, red cloth. 2 00\\nADAMS (J. W.). Sewers and Drains for Populous\\nDistricts. Embracing Rules and Formulas for the\\ndimensions and construction of works of Sanitary\\nEngineers. Fifth edition. 8vo, cloth. 2 50\\nAl. CODE. (See Clausen-Thue.)\\nAIKMAN (C. M., Prof.). Manures and the Princi\u00c2\u00ac\\nples of Manuring. 8vo, cloth.2 50\\nALEXANDER (J. H.). Universal Dictionary of\\nWeights and Measures, Ancient and Modern, reduced\\nto the Standards of the United States of America.\\nNew edition, enlarged. 8vo, cloth .3 50\\nAlexander (S. a.). Broke Down: What Should\\nI Do? A Ready Reference and Key to Locomotive\\nEngineers and Firemen, Round House Machinists,\\nConductors, Train Hands and Inspectors. With 5\\nfolding plates. 12mo, cloth. 150\\nALLEN (C. F.). Tables for Earthwork Computation.\\n8vo, cloth 1 50", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "2\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nANDERSON (J. W.). The Prospector\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Hand-book\\nA Guide for the Prospector ai d Traveller in search\\nof uetal-bearing or other Valuable Minerals. Seventh\\nedition, thoroughly revised and much enlarged. 8vo,\\ncloth. 1\\nANDERSON (WILLIAM). On the Conversion of\\nHeat into Work. A Practical Hand-book on Heat-\\nEngines. Third edition. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 2\\nANDES (LOUIS). Vegetable Fats and Oils; their\\nPractical Preparation, Purification and Employment\\nfor various purposes. J heir Properties. Adulteration\\nand Examination. A Hand-book for Oil Manufac\u00c2\u00ac\\nturers and Refiners, Candle, Soap and Lubricating\\nOil Manufactures and the Oil and Fat Industry in\\ngeneral. Translated from the German. With 94\\nillustrations. 8vo, cloth. 4\\n-Animal Fats and Oils. Their Practical Production,\\nPurification and Uses for a great variety of purposes,\\ntheir Properties, Falsification and Examination. A\\nHand-book for Manufacturers of Oil and Fat\\nProducts, Soap and Candle Makers, Agriculturists,\\nTanners, etc. Translated by Charles Salter. With\\n62 illustrations. 8vo, cloth. ..net 4\\nARNOLD (Dr. R.). Ammonia and Ammonium\\nCompounds. A Practical Manual for Manufacturers,\\nChemists, Gas Engineers and Drysalters. Second\\nedition. 12mo, cloth. 2\\nARNOLD (E.). Armature Windings of Direct Current\\nDynamos. Extension and Application of a General\\nWinding Rule. Translated from the original German\\nby Francis B. DeGress, M. E. With numerous\\nillustrations..(In Press.)\\nATKINSON (PHILIP). The Elements of Electric\\nLighting, including Electric Generation. Measure\u00c2\u00ac\\nment, Storage, and Distribution. Ninth edition.\\nFully revised and new matter added. Illustrated.\\n12mo, cloth. 1\\n-The Elements of Dynamic Electricity and Mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnetism. Third edition. 120 illustrations. 12mo,\\ncloth. 2\\n50\\n25\\n00\\n00\\n00\\n50\\n00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.\\n3\\nATKINSON (PHILIP). Power Transmitted by Elec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntricity and its Application by the Electric Motor,\\nincluding Electric Railway Construction. New\\nedition, thoroughly revised, and much new matter\\nadded. Illustrated 12mo, cloth. 2 00\\n-Elements of Static Electricity, with full descrip\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the Holtz and Topler Machines and their\\nmode of operating. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 150\\nAUCHINCLOSS (W. S.). Link and Valve Motions\\nSimplified. Illustrated with 29 woodcuts and 20\\nlithographic plates, together with a Travel Scale,\\nand numerous useful tables, Thirteenth edition,\\nrevised. 8vo, cloth. 2 00\\nAXON (W. E. A.). The Mechanic s Friend. A Collec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of Receipts and Practical Suggestions. 12mo,\\ncloth 1 50\\nBACON (F. W.). A Treatise on the Richards, Steam-\\nEngine Indicator, with directions for its use. By\\nCharles T. Porter. Revised, with notes and large\\nadditions as developed by American practice; with\\nan appendix containing useful formulae and rules\\nfor engineers. Illustrated. Fourth edition. 12mo,\\ncloth. 1 00\\nBADT (F. B.), New Dynamo Tender\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Hand book.\\nWith 140 illustrations. 18mo, cloth. f 1 00\\n-Bell Hangers Hand-book. With 97 illustrations.\\nSecond edition. 18mo, cloth. 1 00\\n-Incandescent Wiring Hand-book. With 35 illus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrations and five tables. Fifth edition. 18mo, cloth. 1 00\\n-Electric Transmission Hand-book. With 22 illus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrations and 27 tables. 18mo, cloth 1 00\\nBALE (M. P.). Pumps and Pumping. A Hand-book\\nfor Pump Users. 12mo, cloth. 1 00\\nBAKBA (J.). The Use of Steel for Constructive\\nPurposes. Method of Working, Applying, and Test\u00c2\u00ac\\ning Plates and Bars With a Preface by A. L. Holley,\\nC. E. 12mo, cloth.18\\nBARKER (ARTHUR H.). Graphic Methods of\\nEngine Design. Including a Graphical Treatment\\nof the Balancing of Engines. 12mo, cloth. 15", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "4\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nBARNARD (F. A. P.). Report on Machinery and\\nProcesses of the Industrial Arts and Apparatus of\\nthe Ex^ct Sciences at the Paris Universal Exposi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion, 1867. 152 illustrations and 8 folding plates.\\n8vo, cloth. 5\\nBARNARD tJOHN HA. The Naval Militiaman\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nGuide. Full leather, pocket form. 1\\nBARWISE (SIDNEY, M. D., London). The Puri\\nfication of Sewage. Being a brief account of the\\nScientific Principles of Sewage Purification and\\ntheir Practical Application. 12mo, cloth. Illustrated. 2\\nBAUMEISTER (R.). The Cleaning and Sewage of\\nCities. Adapted from the German with permission\\nof the author. By J. M. Goodell, C. E. Second\\nedition, revised and corrected, together with an\\nadditional appendix. 8vo, cloth. Illustrated.2\\nBEAUMONT (ROBERT). Color in Woven Design.\\nWith 32 Colored Plates and numerous original illus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrations. Large 12mo.7\\nBEAUMONT, W. and DUGALD CLERK. Auto\u00c2\u00ac\\ncars and Horseless Carriages.(In Press.)\\nBECKWITH (ARTHUR). Pottery. Observations\\non the Materials and Manufacture of Terra-Cotta,\\nStoneware. Fire-Brick, Porcelain, Earthenware,\\nBrick, Majolica, and Encaustic Tiles. 8vo, paper.\\nSecond edition.\\nBERNTHSEN (A.). A Text-Book of Organic Chemis\u00c2\u00ac\\ntry. Translated by George M\u00e2\u0080\u0099Gowan, Ph. D. Third\\nEnglish edition. Revised and extended by author\\nand translator. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 2\\nBERTIN (L. E.). Marine Boilers: Their Construc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion and Working, dealing more especially with\\nTubulous Boilers. Translated by Leslie S. Robertson,\\nUpward of 250 illustrations. Preface by Sir William\\nWhite. 8vo, cloth. Illustrated. 7\\nBIGGS (C. H. W.). First Principles of Electricity\\nand Magnetism. Being an attempt to provide an\\nElementary Book for those intending to enter the\\nprofession of Electrical Engineering. Second edition.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00992mo, cloth. Illustrated. 2\\n00\\n25\\n00\\n00\\n50\\n60\\n50\\n50\\n00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS\\n5\\nBLAKE (W. P.). Report upon the Precious Metals.\\nBeing Statistical Notices of the principal Gold and\\nSilver producing regions of the world, represented\\nat the Paris Universal Exposition. 8vo, cloth. 2 00\\n-Ceramic Art. A R\u00c2\u00b0port on Pott\u00c2\u00b0ry, Porcelain,\\nTiles, Terra-Cotta, and Brick. 8vo, cloth.2 00\\nBLAKESLEY (T. H.). Alternating Currents of Elec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntricity. For the use of Students and Engineers.\\nThird edition, enlarged. 12mo, cloth. 150\\nBLOUNT (BERTRAM). Electro-Metallurgy\\n(In Press.)\\nBLYTH (A. WYNTER, M. R. C. S., F. C. S.).\\nFoods their Composition and Analysis. A Manual\\nfor the use of Analytical Chemists, with an Intro\u00c2\u00ac\\nductory Essay on the History of Adulterations, with\\nnumerous tables and illustrations. Fourth edition,\\nrevised and enlarged. 8vo, cloth 7 50\\n-Poisons their Effects and Detection. A Manual\\nfor the use of Analytical Chemists and Experts,\\nwith an Introductory Essay on the growth of Modern\\nToxicology. Third edition, revised and enlarged.\\n8vo, cloth..7 50\\nBODMER (G. R.). Hydraulic Motors Turbines and\\nPressure Engines, for the use of Engineers, Manu\u00c2\u00ac\\nfacturers and Students. Second edition, revised and\\nenlarged. With 204 illustrations. 12mo, cloth. 5 00\\nBOILEAU (J. T.). A New and Complete Set of\\nTraverse Tables, Showing the Difference of Latitude\\nand Departure of every minute of the Quadrant and\\nto five places of decimals. 8vo, cloth.. 5 00\\nBOTTONE (S. R.). Electrical Instrument Making for\\nAmateurs. A Practical Hand-book. With 48 illus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrations. Fifth edition, revised. 12mo, cloth. 50\\n-Electric Bells, and all about them. A Practical\\nBook for Practical Men. With more than 100 illus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrations. 12mo, cloth. Fourth edition, revised and\\nenlarged. 50\\n-The Dynamo How Made and How Used. A\\nBook for Amateurs. Eighth edition. 12mo, cloth... 1 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "6\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND .COMPANY S\\nBOTTO E (S. RA. Electro Motors How Made and\\nHow Used. A Hand-book for Amateurs and Practical\\nMen. Second edition. 12mo, cloth. 50\\nBONNEY (G. E.). The Electro-Platers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Hand-book.\\nA Manual for Amateurs and Young Students on\\nElectro-Metallurgy. 60 illustrations, 12mo, cloth.. 1 20\\nBOW (R. H.). A Treatise on Bracing. With its appli\u00c2\u00ac\\ncation to Bridges and other Structures of Wood or\\nIron. 156 illustrations. 8vo, cloth... 1 50\\nBOWSER (Prof. E. A.). An Elementary Treatise\\non Analytic Geometry. Embracing Plane Geometry,\\nand an Introduction to Geometry of three Dimen\u00c2\u00ac\\nsions. 12mo, cloth. Nineteenth edition.1 75\\n-An Elementary Treatise on the Differential and\\nIntegral Calculus. With numerous examples.\\n12mo, cloth. Sixteenth edition.2 25\\n-An Elementary Treatise on Analytic Mechanics.\\nWith numerous examples. 12mo, cloth. Twelfth\\nedition.3 00\\n-An Elementary Treatise on Hydro-Mechanics.\\nWith numerous examples. 12mo, cloth Fifth\\nedition. 2 50\\n-A Treatise on Roofs and Bridges. With Numerous\\nExercises. Especially adapted for school use. 12mo,\\ncloth. Illustrated.net 2 25\\n-Academic Algebra. Third edition. 12mo, cloth.. 125\\n-College Algebra. Fourth edition. 12mo, cloth.. 1 75\\n-Elements of Plane and Solid Geometry. 12mo,\\ncloth. Second edition. 1 40\\nBOWIE (AUG J., Jun.,M. A Practical Treatise\\non Hydraulic Mining in California. With Description\\nof the Use and Construction of Ditches, Flumes,\\nWrought-iron Pipes and Dams Flow of Water on\\nHeavy Grades, and its Applicability, under High\\nPressure, to Mining. Fifth edition. Small quarto,\\ncloth. Illustrated. 5 00\\nBURGH (N. P. Modern Marine Engineering, applied\\nto Paddle and Screw Propulsion. Consisting of 36\\ncolored plates, 259 practical woodcut illustrations,", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.\\n7\\nand 403 pages of descriptive matter. The whole\\nbeing an exposition of the present practice of James\\nWatt Co., J. G. Rennie, R. Napier Son*, and\\nother celebrated firms. Thick quarto, half morocco. 10 00\\nBURT (W. A.). Key to the Solar Compass, and\\nSurveyor s Companion. Comprising all the rules\\nnecessary for use in the field also description of\\nthe Linear Surveys and Public Land System of the\\nUnited States. Notes on th^ Bar ometer, Suggestions\\nfor an Oufit for a Survey of Four Months, etc. Fifth\\nedition. Pocket-book form, tuck 2 50\\nCALDWELL, (G. C.), and A. A. BRENEMAN.\\nManual of Introductory Chemical Practice. For\\nthe use of Students iu Colleges and Normal and\\nHigh Schools. Fourth edition, revised and corrected.\\n8vo, cloth Illustrated.1 50\\nCAMPIN (FRANCIS). On the Construction of Iron\\nRoofs. A J heoretical and Practical Treatise, with\\nw r ood cuts and Plates of Roofs recently executed.\\n8vo, cloth...2 00\\nCARTER (E. T.). Motive Power and Gearing for\\nElectrical Machinery. A Treatise on the Theory\\nand Practice of the Mechanical Equipment of Power\\nStations for Electric supply and for Electic Traction.\\n8vo, cloth. Illustrated.5 00\\nCHAMBER\u00e2\u0080\u0099S MATHEMATICAL TABLES, con\u00c2\u00ac\\nsisting of logarithms of Numbers 1 to 108,000, Trigo\u00c2\u00ac\\nnometrical, Nautical, and other tables. New edition.\\n8vo, cloth.1 75\\nCHAUVENET (Prof. W.). New Method of Correct\\ning Lunar Distances, and Improve l Method of\\nFinding the Error and Rate of a Chronometer, by\\nEqual Altitudes. 8vo, cloth.2 00\\nCHRISTIE (W. WALLACE). Chimney Design and\\nTheory. A Book for Engineers and Architects, with\\nnumerous half-tone illustrations and plates of famous\\nchimneys. 12mo, cloth. 3 00\\nCHURCH (JOHN A.). Notes of a Metallurgical\\nJourney in Europe. 8vo, cloth. 2 00\\nCLARK D. (KINNEAR, C. E.). A Manual of Rules,\\nTables and Data for Mechanical Engineers. Based", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "8\\nD. VAN NO STRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2i\\non the most recent investigations Illustrated with\\nnumerous diagrams. 1,012 pages. 8vo, cloth. Sixth\\nedition .5 00\\nHalf morocco.7 50\\nCLARK D. (KINNEAR, C. E.). Fuel; its Combust\u00c2\u00ac\\nion and Economy, consisting of abridgements of\\nTreatise on the Combustion of Coal. By C. W.\\nWilliams; and the Economy of Fuel, by T. S.\\nPrideaux With extensive additions in recent prac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntice in the Combustion and Economy of Fuel. Coal,\\nCoke, Wood, Peat, Petroleum, etc. Fourth edition.\\n12mo, cloth...1 50\\nThe Mechanical Engineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Pocket-book of Tables,\\nFormulae, Rules and Data. A Handy Book of\\nReference for Daily Use in Engineering Practice.\\n16mo, morocco. Second edition.3 00\\n-Tramways, their Construction and Working, em\u00c2\u00ac\\nbracing a comprehensive history of the system,\\nwith accounts of the various modes of traction, a\\ndescription of the varieties of rolling stock, and\\nample details of Cost and Working Expenses.\\nSecond edition. Re-written and greatly enlarged,\\nwith upwards of 400 illustrations. Thick 8vo. cloth. 9 00\\n-The Steam Engine. A Treatise on Steam Engines\\nand toilers comprising the Principles and Practice\\nof the Combustion of Fuel, the Economical Genera\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of Steam, the Construction of Steam Boilers, and\\nthe Principles, Construction and Performance of\\nSteam Engines, Stationary, Portable, Locomotive\\nand Marine, exemplified in Engines and Boilers of\\nrecent date. 1,300 figures in the text, and a series\\nof folding plates drawn to scale. 2 vols. 8vo, cloth. 15 00\\nCLARK (JACOB M.). A new System of Laying Out\\nRailway Turn-outs instantly, by inspeciion from\\nTables. 12mo, leatherette. 1 00\\nCLAUSEN-THU (W.). The A. B. C. Universal Com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmercial Electric Telegraphic Code especially\\nadapted for the use of Financiers, Merchants, Ship\u00c2\u00ac\\nowners, Brokers, Agent, etc. Fourth edition 8vo,\\ncloth. 5 00\\n-The Al Universal Commercial Electric Telegraphic\\nCode. Over 1,240 pp., and nearly 90,000 variations.\\n8vo, cloth... 7 50", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.\\n9\\nCLEEMANN (THOS. M.). The Railroad Engineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nPractice. Being a Short but Complete Description\\nof the Duties of the Young Engineer in the Prelimi\u00c2\u00ac\\nnary and Location Surveys and in Construction.\\nFourth edition. Revised and enlarged. Illustrated.\\n12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nCLERK (DUGALD). Auto-cars or Horseless Vehicles.\\nAbout 300 pp., 60 illustrations. ..(In Press.)\\nCLEVENGER (S. R.). A Treatise on the Method of\\nGovernment Surveying as prescribed by the U. S.\\nCongress and Commissioner of the General Land\\nOffice, with complete Mathematical, Astronomical\\nand Practical Instructions for the use of the United\\nStates Surveyors in the field. 16mo, morocco.2 50\\nCOFFIN (Prof. J. H. C.). Navigation and Nautical\\nAstronomy. Prepared for the use of the U. Naval\\nAcademy. New Edition. Revised by ommander\\nCharles Belknap. 52 woodcut illustrations. 12mo,\\ncloth.net. 3 50\\nCOLE (R. S., M. A.). A Treatise on Photographic\\nOptics. Being an account of the Principles of\\nOptics, so far as they apply to Photography. 12mo,\\ncloth, 103 illustrations and folding plates. 2 50\\nCOLLINS (JAS. E.). The private Book of Useful\\nAlloys, and Memoranda for Goldsmiths, Jewelers,\\netc. 18mo, cloth 50\\nCORNWALL (Prof. H. B.). Manual of Blow-pipe\\nAnalysis, Qualitative and Quantitative. With a\\nComplete System of Descriptive Mineralogy. 8vo,\\ncloth. With many illustrations... 2 50\\nCRAIG (B. F.). Weights and Measures. An Account\\nof the Decimal System, with Tables of Conversion\\nfor Commercial and Scientific Uses. Square 32mo,\\nlimp cloth 5f\\nCROCKER (F. B.). Electric Lighting. A Practical\\nExposition of the Art, for use of Engineers, Students,\\nand others interested in the Installation or Operation\\nof Electrical Plants. Second edition. Revised.\\n8vo, clotn. Vol. 1. The Generating Plant 3 00\\nVol. 2. (In Press.)", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "to\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nCROCKER, (F. B.), and S. S. WHEELER. The\\nPractical Management of Dynamos and Motors.\\nFourth edition (eighth thousand). Revised and\\nenlarged With a special chapter by H. A. Foster.\\n12mo, cloth. Illustrated. 1 00\\nCUMMING (LINNJEU\u00c2\u00ab, T. A.). Electricity treated\\nExperimentally. Fo the use of Schools and Students\\nNew edition. 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nDAVIES (E. H.). Machinery for Metalliferous Mines.\\nA Practical Treatise f--r Mining Engineers. Metallur\u00c2\u00ac\\ngists and Manufacturers. With upwards of 300\\nillustrations. 8vo, cloth.5 00\\nDAVIS (JOHN W., C. E.). Formulae for the Calcu\u00c2\u00ac\\nlation of Railroad Excavation and Embankment,\\nand for finding Average Haul. Second edition.\\nOctavo, half roan. 1 50\\nDAY (CHARLES). The Indicator and its Diagrams\\nWith Chapters on Engine and Boiler Testing;\\nIncluding a Table of Piston Constants compiled by\\nW. H. Fowler. 12mo, cloth. I2p illustrations. 2 00\\nDERR (\\\\Y. L.). Block Signal Operation. A Practical\\nManual. Oblong, cloth. 1 50\\nDIXON (D. B.). The Machinist\u00e2\u0080\u0099s and Steam Engineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s\\nPractical Calculator. A Compilation of Useful Rules\\nand Problems arithmetically solved, together with\\nGeneral Information applicable to Shop-Tools, Mill\\nGearing, Pulleys and Shafts, Steam-Boilers and\\nEngines. Embracing valuable Tables and Instruc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion in Screw cutting, Valve and Link Motion, etc.\\n16mo, full morocco, pocket form. 1 25\\nDODD (GEO.). Dictionary of Manufactures, Mining.\\nMachinery, and the Industrial Arts. 12mo, cloth 1 50\\nDORR (B. F The Surveyor\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Guide and Pocket\\nTable Book. 18mo, morocco flaps. Third edition... 2 00\\nDRAPER (C. H.). An Elemen ary Text B^ok o\\nLight, Heat and Sound, with Numer us Examples.\\nFourth edition. 12mo, clotn. Illustrated.. 1 00\\n-Heat and the Principles of Thermo-Dyramies.\\nWith many illustrations and numerical examples.\\n12mo, cloth. 1 50", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS,\\nII\\nDUliOIS (A. J.). The New Method of Graphic\\nStatics. With 60 illustrations. 8vo, cloth. 1 50\\nEDDY (Prof. H. T.). Researches in Graphical\\nStatics. Embracing New Constructions in Graphi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncal Statics, a New General Method in Graphical\\nStatics, and the Theory of Internal Stress in Graphi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncal Statics. 8vo, cloth ..1 50\\n-Maximum Stresses under Concentrated Loads.\\nTreated graphically. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth.1 50\\nEISSLER (M.). The Metallurgy of Gold a Practical\\nTreatise on the Metallurgical Treatment of Gold-\\nBearing Ores, including the Processes of Concentra\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion and Chlorination, and the Assaying, Melting\\nand Refining of Gold. Fourth Edition, revised and\\ngreatly enlarged. 187 illustrations. 12mo, cloth 5 00\\n-The Metallurgy of Silver a Practical Treatise on\\nthe Amalgamation, Roasting and Lixivation of Silver\\nOres, including the Asking. Melting and RefiniDg\\nof Silver Bullion. 124 illustrations. Second edition.\\nenlarged, 12mo, cloth.4 00\\n--The Metallurgy of Argentiferous Lead a Practi\\ncal Treatise on the Smelting of Silver Lead Ores and\\nthe Refining of Lead Bullion. Including Reports\\non Various Smelting Establishments and Descrip\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions of Modern Smelting Furnaces and Plants in\\nEurope and America. With 183 illustrations. 8vo.\\ncloth. 5 00\\n-Cyanide Process for the Extraction of Gold and\\nits Practical Application on the Witwatersrand Gold\\nFields in South Africa. Second edition. Enlarged.\\n8vo, cloth. Illustrations and folding plates 3 00\\n-A Hand-book on Modern Explosives, being a\\nPractical Treatise on the Manufacture and use of\\nDynamite, Gun Cotton, Nitro-Glycerine and other\\nExplosive Compounds, including the manufacture\\nof Collodion-Cotton, with chapters on explosives in\\npractical application. Second edition, enlarged with\\n150 illustrations. 12mo, cloth. 5 00\\nELIOT (C. W.), and STOKER (F. H.b A compen\u00c2\u00ac\\ndious Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis.\\nRevised with the co-operation of the authors, by\\nProf. William R. Nichols Illustrated. Nineteenth\\nedition, newly revised by Prof. W. B, Lindsay, 12mo.\\ncloth.1 25", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "12\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nELLIOT (Maj. GEO. H.). European Light-House\\nSystems. Being a Report of a Tour of Inspection\\nmade in 1873. 51 engravings and 21 woodcuts. 8vo,\\ncloth.5 00\\nELLISON, (LEWIS M.). Practical Application of\\nthe Indicator. With reference to the adjustment of\\nValve Gear on all styles of Engines. Second edition,\\nrevised. 8vo. cloth, 100 illustrations. 2 00\\nEVERETT (J. D.). Elementary Textbook of\\nPhysics. Illustrated. Seventh edition 12mo, cloth 1 50\\nEWING (Prof. A. J.). The Magnetic Induction in\\nIron and other metals. 159 illustrations. 8vo, cloth 4 00\\nFANNING (J. T.). A Practical Treatise on Hydrau\u00c2\u00ac\\nlic and Water-Supply Engineering. Relating to the\\nHydrology, Hydro dynamics, and Practical Con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstruction of Water-Works in North America. 180\\nillustrations. 8vo, cloth. Fourteenth edition, revis\u00c2\u00ac\\ned. enlarged, and new tables and illustrations\\nadded. 650 pages 5 00\\nFISH (J. C. LA. Lettering of Working Drawings.\\nThirteen plates, with descriptive text. Oblong,\\n9x1254, boards. .1 00\\nFISKE (Lieut. BRADLEY A., U. S. N.). Electric\u00c2\u00ac\\nity in Theory and Practices or, The Elements of\\nElectrical Engineering. Eighth edition. 8vo, cloth 2 50\\nFISHER (H. K. C. and DARBY, W. C.). Students\u00e2\u0080\u0099\\nGuide to Submarine Cable Testing. 8vo, cloth.2 50\\nFISHER (W. C.). The Potentiometer and its Ad\u00c2\u00ac\\njuncts. 8 o, cloth.;. 2 25\\nFLEISCHMANN (W.). The Book of the Dairy. A\\nManual of the Science and Practice of Dairy Work.\\nTranslated from the German, by C. M. Aikman and\\nR. Patrick Wright. 8vo, cloth.4 00\\nFLEMING (Prof. J. A.). The Alternate Current\\nTransformer in Theory and Practice. Vol. 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094The\\nInduction of Electric Currents; 611 pages. New edi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth.5 00\\nVol. 2. The Utilization of Induced Currents. Illus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrated. 8vo, cloth 5 00\\nElectric Lamps and Electric Lighting. Being a\\ncourse of four lectures delivered at the Royal Insti\u00c2\u00ac\\ntution, Apri 1-May, 1894. 8vo, cloth, fully il.ustrated 3 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.\\n13\\nFLEMING (Prof. J. A.). Electrical Laboratory\\nNotes and Forms, Elementary and advanced. 4to,\\ncloth, illustrated.5 00\\nFOLEY (NELSON), and THOS. PRAY, Jr. The\\nMechanical Engineers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Reference Book for Machine\\nand Boiler Construction, in 2 parts. Part 1\u00e2\u0080\u0094 General\\nEngineering Data. Part 2\u00e2\u0080\u0094Boiler Construction.\\nWith fifty-one plates and numerous illustrations,\\nspecially drawn for this work. Folio, half mor. ...25 00\\nFORNEY (MATTHIAS N.). Catechism of the Loco\u00c2\u00ac\\nmotive. Second edition, revised and enlarged.\\nForty-sixth thousand. 8vo, cloth. 3 50\\nFOSTER (Gen. J. G., U. S. A.). Submarine Blasting\\nin Boston Harbor. Massachusetts. Removal of\\nTower and Corwin Rocks. Illustrated with 7 plates.\\n4to, cloth.*...3 50\\nFOSTER (H. A.). Electrical Engineers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Pocket Book.\\n1000 pages with the collaboration of Eminent\\nSpecialists .(In press)\\nFOSTER (JAMES). Treatise on the Evaporation\\non Saccharine, Chemical and other Liquids by the\\nMultiple System in Vacuum and Open Air. Second\\nedition. Diagrams and large plates. 8vo, cloth_7 50\\nFOWLER. Mechanical Engineers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Pocket Book for\\n1900 1 00\\nFOX (WM.), and C. W. THOMAS, M. E. A\\nPractical Course in Mechanical Drawing. 12mo,\\ncloth with plates.. 1 25\\nFRANCIS (JAS. B., C. E,). Lowell Hydraulic\\nExperiments. Being a selection from experiments\\non Hydraulic Motors, on the Flow of Water over\\nWeirs, in open Canals of uniform rectangular\\nsection, and through submerged Orifices and\\ndiverging Tubes. Made at Lowell, Muss. Fourth\\nedition, 1 evised and enlarged, with many new experi\u00c2\u00ac\\nments, and illustrated with 23 copper-p ate engrav\u00c2\u00ac\\nings. 4to, cloth..15 00\\nFROST (GEO. H.). Engineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Field Book. By C.\\nS. Cross. To which are added seven chapters on Rail\u00c2\u00ac\\nroad Location and Construction. Fourth edition.\\n12mo, cloth 1 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "14\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nFULLiER (GEORGE W.). Report on the Investiga\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions into ttie Purification of the Ohio River Water\\nat Louisville, Kentucky, made to the President and\\nDirectors of the Louisville Water Company. Pub\\nlished under agreement with the Directors. 4to,\\ncloth. 3 full page plates.net 10 00\\nGEIPEL (WM.), and KILGOUR, (M. H.) A\\nPocketbook of Electrical Engineering Formula. Il\u00c2\u00ac\\nlustrated. 18mo. morocco.. 3 00\\nLarge paper edition, wide margins. 8vo, morcco,\\ngilt edges .5 00\\nGERBER (NICHOLAS). Chemical and Physical\\nAnalysis of Milk, Condensed Milk and Infant\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Milk-\\nFood. 8vo, cloth.. .1 25\\nGIBBS (WILLIAM F.). Lighting by Acetylene, Gen\u00c2\u00ac\\nerators. Burners and Electric Furnaces. With 66\\nillustrations. Second edition revised. 12mo, cloth.. 1 50\\nGILLMORE (GEN. Q. A.). Treatise on Limes, Hy-\\nraulic Cements, and Mortars. Papers on Practical\\nEngineering, United States Engineer Department,\\nNo containing Reports of numerous Experiments\\nconducted in New York Cityduring the years of 1858\\nto 1861, inclusive. With numerous illustrations. 8vo\\ncloth...4 00\\n-Practical Treatise on the Construction of Roads.\\nStreets, and Pavements, with 70 illustrations. 12mo,\\ncloth.2 00\\n-Report on Strength of Building Stones in the\\nUnited States, etc. 8vo, illustrated cloth 1 00\\nGOLDING (HENRY A.). The Theta-Phi Diagram.\\nPractically applied to Steam, Gas, Oil and Air En\u00c2\u00ac\\ngines. 12mo, cloth. Illustrated. ..net 1 25\\nGOODEVE (T. M.). A Text-Book on the Steam En\u00c2\u00ac\\ngine. With a Supplement on Gas-Engines. Twelfth\\nEdition, enlarged. 143 illustrations. 12mo, cloth... 2 00\\nGORDON (J. E. H.). School Electricity. Illustra\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions. 12mo, cloth.2 00\\nRE (G., F. R. S.). The Art of Electrolytic Separa\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of Metals, etc. (Theoretical and Practical.)\\nIllustrated. 8vo, cloth. .3 50\\nElectro Chemistry Inorganic. Third Edition.\\n8vo, cloth. 80", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION,\\n15\\nGOULD (E. SHERMAN). The Arithmetic of the\\nSteam Engine. 8vo, cloth. 1 00\\nGRIFFITHS (A. D., Pli. D.). A Treatise on Manures,\\nor the Philosophy of Manuring. A Practical Hand-\\nBook for the Agriculturist, Manufacturer and\\nStudent. 12mo, cloth. 3 00\\nGROVER (FREDERICK). Practical Treatise on\\nModern Gas and Oil Engines. 8vo, cloth. Illustrated 2 00\\nGURDEN (RICHARD LLOYD). Traverse Tables:\\ncomputed to 4 places Decimals for every 0 of angle\\nup to 100 of Distance. For the use of Surveyors and\\nEngineers. New Edition. Folio, half morocco. 7 50\\nGUY ARTHUR (F.). Electric Light and Power,\\ngiving the Result of Practical Experience in Central\\nStation Work. 8vo, cloth. Illustrated.2 50\\nHAEDER (HERMAN C. E.). A Hand book on the\\nSteam Engine. With especial reference to small\\nand medium sized engines. English edition re-edited\\nby the author from the second German edition, and\\ntranslated with considerable additions and altera\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions by H. H. P. Powels. 12mo, cloth. Nearly 1100\\nillustrations 3 00\\nHALL (WM. S. Prof.). Elements of the Differential\\nand Integral Calculus. Second edition. 8vo, cloth.\\nIllustrated..net 2 25\\nHALSEY (F. A.). Slide Valve Gears; an Explanation of\\nthe action and Construction of Plain and Cut-off\\nSlide Valves. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. Sixth\\nedition.. 1 50\\n-The Use of the Slide Rule. Illustrated with\\ndiagrams and folding plates. 16mo, boards. 50\\nHAMILTON (W. G.). Useful Information for Rail\u00c2\u00ac\\nway Men. Tenth Edition, revi-ed and enlarged.\\n562 pages, pocket form. Morocco, gilt. 2 00\\nHANCOCK (HERBERT). Text Book of Mechan\u00c2\u00ac\\nics and Hydrostatics, with over 500 diagrams. 8vo,\\ncloth. 1 75\\nHARRISON (TV. B.). The Mechanics\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Tool Book.\\nWith Practical Rules and Suggestions for use of\\nMachinists, Iron-Workers, and others. Illustrated\\nwith 44 engravings. 12mo, cloth. 150", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "i6\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nHASKINS (C. H.). The Galvanometer and its Uses.\\nA Manual lor Electricians and Students. Fourth\\nedition. 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nHAWKE (WILLIAM H.). The Premie- Cipher\\nTelegraphic Code Containing 100,000 Words and\\nPhrases. The most complete and most useful general\\ncode et published. 4to, cloth 5 00\\n100,000 Words; Supplement to the Premier Code.\\nAll the words are select 1 from the official vocal u-\\nlary. Oblong quarto, cloth. 4 20\\nHAWKINS (C. C.) and WALLIS (F.). Th\u00e2\u0080\u009c Dynamo;\\nits Theory, Design and Manufacture. 190 illustra-\\nti.ns, 12mo, cloth 3 00\\nHAY (ALFRED). Principles of Alternate-C^rren\\nWorking 12mo, cloth, illustra ed 2 00\\nHEAP (Major D. P., U. S. A.). Electrical Appliances\\nof th^ Present Day. Report f the Paris Electrical\\nExposition of 1881 250 illustrations. 8vo, cloth. 2 00\\nHEAVISIDE (OLIVER). Elect\u00e2\u0080\u0099omagnetic Theory.\\n8vo, c oto, two volumes aco. 5 00\\nHENRICI (OLAUS). Skeleto i Structures. Applied\\nto ihe Building of S eel and Iron Bridges. Illustrated 1 50\\nHERR3IANN (GUSTAV). The Graphical Statics of\\nM chanism. A Guide for t e Use of Machinists,\\nArchitec s, and Engineers; and also a Tex-book for\\nTechnical Schools. Translated a d annotated by A.\\nP. Smith, M. E. 12 i o, cloth, 7 folding platrs. Third\\nEdition 2 00\\nHERMANN (FELIX). Painting on Glass and Porce-\\nlai nd Enamel Pai itig. On the Basis of Peisonal\\nPractical Expe ience f the t ondition of the Art up\\nto date Translated by Charles Salter Second\\ngreatly emarged edition, bvo, clo h, Illustrations,\\nnet. 3 50\\nHEWSON (WM.). Princ pies and Prac ire of Em-\\nbanki- g L nds f rm River Floods, as applied o the\\nLevees of tbe Mississi. pi. 8vo, cloth. 2 00\\nHILL (JOHN W.). Th a Purification of Public Water\\nSupplies. Ulustrat d with va uable Tables Dia\u00c2\u00ac\\ngrams and Cuts 8vo, clotu, 304 pa^es. 3 00\\nThe Inter reta i n of Water Analyses.. (In Press)", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 17\\nHOBBS (W. R. P.). The Arithmetic of Electrical\\nMeasurements with numerous examples. Fully\\nWorked, 12mo, cloth..50\\nHOFF (WM. B., Com. U. S. Navy.). The Avoidance\\nof Collisions at Sea 18mo, morocco.75\\nHOLLEY (ALEXANDER L.). Railway Practice.\\nAmerican and European Railway practice in the\\nEconomical Generation of Steam. 77 lithographed\\nularly Explained. Fifth Edition. Illustrated. 12mo,\\npaper. .40\\nHOPKINS (NEVIL M.). Model Engines and small\\nBoats. New Methods of Engine and Boiler Making\\nwith a chapter on Elementary Ship Design and\\nConstruction. 12mo, cloth. 125\\nHOSPITALIER (E.). Polyphased Alternating Cur\u00c2\u00ac\\nrents. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth. 1 40\\nHOWARD (C. R.). Earthwork Mensuration on the\\nBasis of the Prismoidal Formulae. Containing\\nSimple and Labor-saving Methods of obtaining Pris\u00c2\u00ac\\nmoidal Contents directly from End Areas. Illustra\u00c2\u00ac\\nted by Examples and accompained by Plain Rules\\nfor Practical Uses. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth.1 50\\nHUMBER (WILLIAM, C. E.). A Handy Book for\\nthe Calculation of Strains in Girders and Similar\\nStructures, and their Strength; Consisting of\\nFormulae and Corresponding Diagrams, with\\nnumerous details for practical application, etc.\\nFourth Edition. 12mo, cloth..2 50\\nHURST (GEORGE H.). Colour; A Hand-book of the\\nTheory of Colour. Containing ten coloured plates\\nand 72 diagrams 8vo, cloth. Illustrated. Price-2 50\\n-Lubricating Oils, Fats and Greases. Their Origin,\\nPreparation, Properties, Uses and Analysis. 313\\npages, with 65 illustrations. 8vo, cloth.3 00\\nDomestic, Toilet nnd other Soaps. Illustrated with\\n66 Engravings. 8vo, cloth. 5 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "18\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nHUTCHINSON (W. B.). Patents and How to Make\\nMooey out of Them. Member of NewYcrkBar.\\n12mo, cloth. New York, 1899 1 25\\nHUTTON (W. S.). Steam Boiler Construction. A\\nPractical Hand-book for Engineers, Boiler Makers\\nand Steam Users. Containing a large collection\\nof rules and data relating to recent practice in the\\ndesigD, construction, and working of all kinds of\\nstationary, locomotive and marine steam boilers.\\nWith upwards of 500 illustrations. Third edition.\\nCarefully revised and much enlarged. 8vo, cloth... 6 00\\n--Practica Engineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Hand-book, Comprising a\\ntreatise on Modern Engines and Boilers, Marine,\\nLocomotive and Stationary. Fourth edition. Care\u00c2\u00ac\\nfully revised with additions. With upwards of 570\\nillustrations. 8vo, cloth. 7 00\\n--The Works\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Manager\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Hand-book of Modern\\nRules, Tables, and Data for Civil and Mechanical\\nEngineers. Millwrights and Boiler Makers, etc., etc.\\nWith upwards of 150 illustrations. Fifth edition.\\nCarefully revised, with additions. 8vo, cloth. 6 00\\nINNES (CHARLES H.). Problems in Machine Design.\\nFor the Use of Students, Draughtsmen and others.\\n12mo, cloth 150\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094-Centrifugal Pumps, Turbines and Water Motors.\\nIncluding the Theory and Practice of Hydraulics\\n12mo, cloth... 1 50\\nISHERWOOD (B. F.). Engineering Precedents for\\nSteam Machinery. Arranged in the most practical\\nand useful manner for Engineers. With illustra\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions. 2 vols. in 1. 8vo, cloth..2 50\\nJAMESON (CHARLES D.). Portland Cement. Its\\nManufacture and Use. 8vo, cloth. 1 50\\nJAMIESON (ANDREW C. Ed. A Text-Book on\\nSteam and Steam Engines. Specially arranged for\\nthe use of Science and Art, City and Guilds of London\\nInstitute, and other Engineering Students. Tenth\\nedition. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth.3 00\\nElementary Manual on Steam and the Steam\\nEngine. Specially arranged for the use of First-\\nYear Science and Art, City and Guilds of London\\nInstitute, and other Elementary Engineering\\nStudents. Third edition. !2mo, cloth. 1 40", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 19\\nJANNETTAZ (EDWARD). A Guide to the Deter\u00c2\u00ac\\nmination of Rocks: being an Introduction to\\nLithology. Translated from the French by G. W.\\nPlympton, Professor of Physical Science at Brook\u00c2\u00ac\\nlyn Polytechnic Institute. 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nJOHNSTON, Prof. J. E. W., and CAMERON, Sir\\nCHAS. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry and\\nGeology. Seventeenth edition. 12mo, cloth. 2 60\\nJOYNSON (F. H.). The Metals used in Construction.\\nIron, Steel, Bessemer Metal, etc. Illustrated. 12mo,\\ncloth.. 75\\n-Designing and Construction of Machine Gearing.\\nIllustrated. 8 vo, cloth.2 00\\nKANSAS CITY BRIDGE (THE.) With an Account\\nof the Regimen of the Missouri River and a Descrip\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion of the Methods used for Founding in that River.\\nBy O. Chanute, Chief Enginee*r, and George Morri\u00c2\u00ac\\nson, Assistant Engineer. Illustrated with 5 litho\u00c2\u00ac\\ngraphic views and 12 plates of plans. 4to, cloth... 6 00\\nKAPP (GISBERT C. E.). Electric Transmission\\nof Energy and its Transformation, Subdivision, and\\nDistribution. A Practical Hand-book. Fourth\\nedition, revised. 12mo, cloth.3 50\\n-Dynamos, Alternators and Transformers. 138\\nIllustrations. 12mo, cloth. 4 00\\nKEMPE (H. R.). The Electrical Engineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Pocket-\\nBook of Modern Rules, Formulae, Tables and Data.\\nIllustrated. 32mo, mor. gilt. 1 75\\nKEN NEEDY (A. E.). Theoretical Elements of Elec\u00c2\u00ac\\ntro Dynamic Machinery. 8 vo, cloth. 1 50\\nKILGOUR, M. H., SWAN, H., and BIGGS, C. H.\\nW. Electrical Distribution; its Theory and Practice.\\n174 Illustrations. 12mo, cloth. 4 00\\nKING (W. H.). Lessons and Practical Notes on\\nSteam. The Steam Engine, Propellers, etc., for\\nYoung Marine Engineers, Students, and others.\\nRevised by Chief Engineer J. W. King, United States\\nNavy. Nineteenth edition, enlarged. 8 vo, cloth 2 00\\nKINGDON (J. A.). Applied Magnetism. An intro\u00c2\u00ac\\nduction to the Design of Electromagnetic Apparatus.\\n8 vo. cloth......3 0(?", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "20\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nKIRK ALDY (WM. G.). Illustrations of David Kirk-\\naldy\u00e2\u0080\u0099s System of Mechanical Testing, as Originated\\nand Carried On by him during a Quarter of a Century.\\nComprising a Large Selection of Tabulated Results,\\nshowing the Strength and other Properties of Mate\u00c2\u00ac\\nrials used in Construction, with explanatory Text\\nand Historical Sketch. Numerous engravings and\\n25 lithographed plates. 4to, cloth.20 00\\nKIRKWOOD (JAS. P.). Report on the Filtration of\\nRiver Waters for the supply of Cities, as practised iu\\nEurope, made to the Board of Water Commissioners\\nof the City of St. Louis. Illustrated by 30 double\u00c2\u00ac\\nplate engravings, 4to, cloth... 7 50\\nLARRABEE (C. S.). Cipher and Secret Letter and\\nTelegraphic Code, with Hog\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Improvements. The\\nmost perfect Secret Code ever invented or discov\u00c2\u00ac\\nered. Impossible to read without the key. 18mo,\\ncloth. 60\\nEAZEELE (H. M.). One Law in Nature. A New\\nCorpuscular Theory comprehending Unity of Force,\\nIdentity of Matter, and its Multiple Atom Constitu\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion, etc. 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nLEASE (A. RITCHIE). Breakdowns at Sea and\\nHow to Repair Them. With eighty-nine Illustra\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions. 8vo, cloth. Second edition. 2 00.\\n--Triple and Quadruple Expansion Engines and\\nBoilers and their Management. With fifty-nine\\nillustrations. Third edition, revised. 12mo, cloth 2 00\\n-Refrigerating Machinery: Its Principles and\\nManagement. With sixty-four illustrations. 12mo,\\ncloth. 2 00\\nLECKY (S. T. S.). Wrinkles in Practical Naviga\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion. With 130 illustrations. 8vo, cloth. Ninth\\nedition, revised...8 40\\nLEVY (C. E.). Electric Light Primer. A Simple and\\nComprehensive Digest of all of the most important\\nfacts connected with the running of the dynamo, and\\nelectric lights, with precautions for safety. For the\\nuse of persons whose duty it is to look after the\\nplant. 8vo, paper.\\n50", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.\\n21\\nLIVACHE (ACH., Ingenieur Civil Des Mines).\\nThe Manufacture of Varnishes, Oil Crushing, Refin\u00c2\u00ac\\ning and Boiling and Kindred Industries. Translated\\nfrom the French and greatly extended, by John\\nGeddes McIntosh. 8vo, cloth. Illustrated.net 5 00\\nLOCKE (ALFRED G., and CHARLES G.) A Prac\u00c2\u00ac\\ntical Treatise on the Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid.\\nWith 77 Constructive Plates drawn to w cale Meas\u00c2\u00ac\\nurements, and other Illustrations. Royal 8vo, cloth. 10 00\\nLOCKERT (LOUIS). Petroleum Motor-Cars. 12mo,\\ncloth. 1 50\\nLOCKWOOD (THOS. D.). Electricity, Magnetism,\\nand Electro-Telegraphy. A Practical Guide for\\nstudents, Operators, and Inspectors. 8vo, cloth.\\nThird edition. 2 50\\n-Electrical Measurement and the Galvanometer;\\nits Construction and Uses. Second edition. 32 illus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrations. 12mo, cloth.1 50\\nLODGE (OLIVER J.). Elementary Mechanics,\\nincluding Hydrostatics and Pneumatics. Revised\\nedition. 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nLORING (A. E.). A Hand-book of the Electro-Mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnetic Telegraph. Paper boards. 50\\nCloth. 75\\nMorocco. 1 00\\nLUCE (Com. S. B.). Text-Book of Seamanship. The\\nEquipping and Handling of Vessels under Sail or\\nSteam. For the use of the U. S. Naval Academy.\\nRevised and enlarged edition, by Lt. Wm. S. Benson.\\n8 vo, cloth.10 00\\nLUNGE (GEO.). A Theoretical and Practical Treatise\\non the Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid and Alkali\\nwith the Collateral Branches. Vol. I. Sulphuric\\nAcid, Second edition, revised and enlarged. 342\\nillustrations. 8vo, cloth.15 00\\nVol. II. Second edition, revised and enlarged.\\n8vo, cloth.. ..16 80\\nVol III. 8vo, cloth. New edition, 1896.... 15 00\\nLUNGE. (GEO.), and HURTER, F. The Alkali\\nMaker\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Pocket-Book. Tables and Analytical Meth\u00c2\u00ac\\nods for Manufacturers of Sulphuric Acid, Nitric\\nAcid, Soda, Potash and Ammonia. Second edition.\\n12mo, cloth .3 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "22\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY S\\nLUQUER (LEA McILVAINE, Ph. D.). Minerals\\nin Rock Sections. The Practical Method of Identi\u00c2\u00ac\\nfying Minerals in Rock Sections with the micro\u00c2\u00ac\\nscope, Especially arranged for Students in Technical\\nand Scientific Schools. 8vo. cloth. Illustrated, .net 1 50\\nMACCORD (Prof. C. W.). A Practical Treatise on\\nthe Slide-Valve by Eccentrics,(examining by methods\\nthe action of the Eccentric upon the Slide-Valve,\\nand explaining the practical processes of laying out\\nthe movements, adapting the Valve for its various\\nduties in the Steam Engine. Second edition. Illus\u00c2\u00ac\\ntrated. 4to, cloth..2 50\\nMAGUIRE (Capt. EDWARD. U. S. A.). The\\nAttack and Defence of Coast Fortifications. With\\nMaps and Numerous Illustrations. 8vo, cloth.2 50\\nMAGUIRE (WM. R.). Domestic Sanitary Drainage\\nand Plumbing Lectures on Practical Sanitation. 332\\nillustrations. 8vo.4 00\\nMARKS (EDWARD C. R.). Mechanical Engineering\\nMaterials: their Properties and Treatment in Con\u00c2\u00ac\\nstruction. 12mo, cloth. Illustrated. 60\\n-Notes on the Construction of Cranes and Lifting\\nMachinery. 12mo, cloth. 1 00\\nMARKS (G. C.). Hydraulic Machinery Employed in\\nthe Concentration and Transmission of Power.\\n12mo, cloth 1 25\\nMAYER (WM.). American Telegraphy: Systems\\nApparatus, Operation. 450 illustrations. 8vo, cloth. 3 50\\nMAYER (Prof. A. M.). Lecture Notes on Physics.\\n8vo, cloth. 2 00\\nMcCULLOCH (Prof. R. s.). Elementary Treatise\\non the Mechanical Theory of Heat, and its applica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion to Air and Steam Engines. 8vo, cloth.3 50\\nMcNEILL (BEDFORD). McNeill\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Code. Arranged\\nto meet the requirements of Mining, Metallurgical\\nand Civil Engineers, Directors of Mining, Smelt\u00c2\u00ac\\ning and other Companies, Bankers, Stock and Share\\nBrokers, Solicitors, Accountants, Financiers, and\\nGeneral Merchants. Safety and Secrecy. 8vo, cloth. 6 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.\\n23\\nMERRILL, (Col. WM. E., U. S. A.). Iron Truss\\nBridges for Railroads The method of caicul ting\\nstrain* in Trusses, with a careful comparison of the\\nmo t pr mineDt Trusses, in reference t economy in\\ncombi ation, tte. Illustrated. 4to, cloth. Fourth\\nEditi n. 5 00\\nMETAL TURNING. By a Foreman Pattern Maker.\\nIllustrated w ith 81 ngravi.gs. 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nMINIFIE (WM.). Mechanical D awing. A Text-\\nbo k f Geometrical Draw ng for the use of Mechanics\\nand Schools, in which he Definitions and Rules of\\nGeo i try re familiarly explained; the Practical\\nProblems are arranged from the most simple to the\\nmore complex, and in their description technicalities\\nare avoided as mu h as possible. With illustrations\\nfor Draw ng PD ns Sections, and Elevations of Rail\u00c2\u00ac\\nways ami Machinery; an Introduction to Isometrical\\nDrawing;, a d an Essay on Linea Perspective and\\nShadows Illustrated wit\u00e2\u0080\u0099i over 200 diagrams\\nengraved on steel. Ninth thousand. With at appen\u00c2\u00ac\\ndix on the Theory and Application of Colors. 8vo,\\nclotn..4 00\\nGeometrical Drawing. Abridged from the Octavo\\nedition, for the us of schools. Ulus rated with 48\\nsteel plates. Ninth edition. 12mo, cloth. 2 00\\nMODERN METEOROLOGY. A Series of Six\\nLectu es, d-livered under the ausDices of the Meteor\u00c2\u00ac\\nological Society in 1870. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth 1 50\\nMOREING (C. A.), and NEAL (THOMAS). Tele\u00c2\u00ac\\ngraphic Mining Co e Alphatetically arranged.\\nSecond edition. 8vo, cloth.8 40\\nMORRIS (E.). Easy Rules for the Measurement of\\nEarthworks by means of the Prismoidal Formula.\\n8 vo, cloth. Illustrated... 1 50\\nMOSES (ALFRED J.), and PARSONS, C. L. Ele\u00c2\u00ac\\nments of Mineralogy, Crystallography and Blowpipe\\nAnalysis from a practical standpoint. Second\\nthousand. 8vo, cloth. 366 illustrations.net 2 00\\nMOSES (ALFRED J.). The Characters of Crystals.\\nAn Introduction to Physical Crystallography, co\\ntaining 321 Illustrations and Diagrams. 8vo, 211\\n.net 2 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "x.\\nB\u00e2\u0080\u009e VAN N 9 STRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\n1 OELLER (F. C. G.). Krupp\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Steel Works. With\\n88 illustrations. By Felix Schmidt and Montan.\\nAuthorized Translation from the Ge.man. 4to,\\ncloth. Jn Press.)\\nMULLIN (JOSEPH P., M. E.). Modern Moulding\\na d Pattern Making. A Practical Treatise upon\\nPattern Shop and Foundry Work; em racing the\\nMoulding of Pulleys. Spur Gears, Worm Gears, Bal\u00c2\u00ac\\nance-Wheels, Stationary Engine and Locomotive\\nCylind-rs. Globe Valves, Tool Work, Mining Machin\u00c2\u00ac\\nery, Screw Propellers. Pattern-Shop Machinery, and\\nthe latest improvements in English and American\\nCupolas; together with a large collection of original\\nand carefully selected Rules and Tables for every\u00c2\u00ac\\nday use in the Drawing Office, Pattern-Shop and\\nFoundry. 12mo, cloth. Illustrated. 2 50\\nMUNRO (JOHN C. E.), and JAMIESON\\nANDREW C. E. A Pocket-book of Electrical\\nRules and Tables for the use of Electricians and\\nEngineers. Thirteenth edition, revised and enlarged.\\nWith numerous diagrams. Pocket size. Leather.. 2 50\\nMURPHY (J. G., M. E.). Practical Mining. A\\nField Manual for Mining Engineers. With Hints for\\nInvestors in Mining Properties. 16mo, morocco\\ntucks.1 00\\nNAQUET (A.). Legal Chemistry. A Guide to the\\nDetection of Poisons, Falsification of Writings,\\nAdulteration of Alimentary and Pharmaceutical\\nSubstances, Analysis of Ashes, and examination of\\nHair, Coins, Arms, and Stains, as applied to Chemi\u00c2\u00ac\\ncal Jurisprudence. Translated from the French,\\nby J. P. Battershall, Ph D., with a preface by C. F.\\nChandler, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D. 12mo, cloth. 2 0J\\nNASMITH (JOSEPH). The Student\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Cotton Spin\u00c2\u00ac\\nning. Third edition, revised and enlarged. 8vo,\\ncloth. 622 pages. 250 Illustrations. 3 00\\nNEW ALL (JOHN W.). Plain Practical Directions\\nfor Drawing, Sizing and Cutting Bevel-Gears, show\u00c2\u00ac\\ning how the Teeth may be cut in a Plain Milling\\nMachine or Gear Cutter so as to give them a correct\\nshape from end to end; and showing how to get out\\nall particulars for the Workshop without making\\nany Drawings. Including a Full Set of Tables of\\nReference. Folding plates. 8vo, clo h.150", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.\\n25\\nNEW OMB (EDWARD W.). Stepping Stones to\\nPhotography. 12mo, cloth. Illustrated. N. Y.. 1899.\\n(In Press.)\\nNEWLANDS (JAMES). The Carpenters\u00e2\u0080\u0099 and Join\\ners\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Assistant: being a Comprehensive Treatise on\\nthe Selection, Preparation and Strength of Mate\u00c2\u00ac\\nrials, and the Mechanical Principles of Framing.\\nIllustrated. Folio, half morocco. 15 00\\nNIPHER (FRANCIS E., A. M.). Theory of Mag\u00c2\u00ac\\nnetic Measurements, with an appendix on the\\nMethod of Least Squares. l2mo, cloth _ 1 00\\nNO AD (HENRY M.). The Students\u00e2\u0080\u0099 Text-Book of\\nElectricity. A new edition, carefully revised. With\\nan Introduction and additional chapters by W. H.\\nPreece. With 471 illustrations. 12mo, cloth. 4 CO\\nNUGENT (E.). Treatise on Optics; or, Light and Sight\\ntheoretically and practically treated, with the appli\\ncation to Fine Art and Industrial Pursuits. With\\n103 illustrations. 12mo, cloth.1 50\\nO\u00e2\u0080\u0099CONNOR (HENRY). The Gas Engineer\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Pocket\\nBook. Comprising Tables, Notes and Memoranda;\\nrelating to the Manufacture, Distribut on ai d Use\\nof Coal Gas and the Construction of Gas Works.\\n12mo, full leather, gilt edges. 3 50\\nOUDIN (M. A.). Standard Polyphase Apparatus and\\nSystems. Fully illustrated 3 00\\nPAGE (DAVID). The Earth\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Crust, A Handy Out\u00c2\u00ac\\nline of Geology. 16mo, cloth. 75\\nPALAZ (A., ScD.). A Treatise on Industrial Pho\\ntometry, with special application to Electric Light\\ning Authorized translation from the French, by\\nGeorge W. Patterson, Jr. Second edition, revised.\\n8 vo, cloth. Illustrated.4 00\\nPARSHALL (H. F.), and HOBART H. M.\\nArmature Windings of Electric Machines. With 140\\nfull page plates, 65 tables, and 165 pages of descrip\u00c2\u00ac\\ntive letter-press. 4to, cloth.7 50\\nPARSHALL (H. F-), and EVAN PARRf.\\nElectrical Equipment of Tramways.(In Press.)\\nPEIRCE (B.). System of Analytic Mechanics. 4to,\\ncloth .10 00\\n-Linear Associative Algebra. New edition, with\\naddenda and notes, by C. L. Pierce. 4to, cloth 4 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "26\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nPERRINE (F. A. C., A. M., D. Sc.). Conductors\\nfor Electrical Distribution; their Manufacture and\\nMaterials, the Calculation of Circuits. Pole Line\\nConstruction, Underground Working and other Uses.\\n(In Press.)\\nPERRY (JOHN). Applied Mechanics. A Treatise\\nfor the use of students who have time to work\\nexperimental, numerical and graphical exercises\\nillustrating the subject. 8vo, cloth. 650 pages.,net 2 50\\nPHILLIPS (JOSHUA). Engineering Chemistry. A\\nPractical Treatise for the use of Analytical Chem\u00c2\u00ac\\nists, Engineers, Iron Masters, Iron Founders,\\nstudents and others. Comprising methods of Analy\u00c2\u00ac\\nsis and Valuation of the principal materials used in\\nEngineering works, with numerous Analyses, Exam\u00c2\u00ac\\nples and Suggestions. 314 illustrations. Second\\nedition, revised and enlarged. 8vo, cloth.4 00\\nPICK WORTH (CHAS. N.). The Indicator Hand\u00c2\u00ac\\nbook. A Practical Manual for Engineers. Part I.\\nThe Indicator: Its Construction and Application. 81\\nillustrations. 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nThe Slide Rule. A Practical Manual of Instruc\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion for all Users of the Modern Type of Slide Rule,\\nxhibiting the Application of the Instrument to the\\nEveryday Work of the Engineer,\u00e2\u0080\u0094Civil, Mechanical\\nand Electrical. 12mo, flexible cloth. Fifth edition. 80\\nPLANE TABLE (THE). Its Uses in Topographical\\nSurveying. From the Papers of the United States\\nCoast Survey. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth.2 00\\nPLANTE (GASTON). The Storage of Electrical\\nEnergy, and Researches in the Effects created by\\nCurrents, combining Quantity with High Tension.\\nTranslated from the French by Paul B. Elwell. 89\\nillustrations. 8vo. 4 00\\nPLATTNER. Manual of Qualitative and Quantitative\\nAnalysis with the Blow-Pipe. From the last German\\nedition, revised n nd enlarged, by Prof. Th. Richter,\\nof the Royal Saxon Mining Academy. Translated\\nby Prof. H. B. Cornwall, assisted by John H. Cas\u00c2\u00ac\\nwell. Illustrated with 87 wood-cuts and one litho\u00c2\u00ac\\ngraphic plate. Seventh edition, revised. 560 pages.\\n8 vo, cloth..*. 5 00", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.\\n27\\nPLYMPTON (Prof. GEO. W.). The Blow Pipe. A\\nGuide to its use in the Determination of Salts and\\nMinerals. Compiled from various sources. 12mo,\\ncloth. 1 50\\n-The Aneroid Barometer: its Construction and\\nUse. Compiled from several sources. Fourth\\nedition. 16mo, boards. Illustrated... 50\\nMorocco. I 00\\nPOCKET LOGARITHMS, to Four Places of Deci\u00c2\u00ac\\nmals, including Logarithms of Numbers, and Loga\u00c2\u00ac\\nrithmic Sines and Tangents to Single Minutes. To\\nwhich is added a Table of Natural Sines, Tangents,\\nand Co-Tangents. 16mo, boards. 50\\nPOPE (F. E.). Modern Practice of the Electric Tele\u00c2\u00ac\\ngraph. A Technical Hand-book for Electricians,\\nManagers and Operators. Fifteenth edition, rewrit\u00c2\u00ac\\nten and enlarged, and fully illustrated. 8vo, cloth. 150\\nPOPPLE WELL (W. C.). Elementary Treatise on\\nHeat and Heat Engines. Special y adapted for\\nengineers and students of engineering. 12mo, cloth.\\nIllustrated. 3 00\\nPOWLES (H. H.). Steam Boilers.(In Press.)\\nPRAY (Jr., THOMAS). Twenty Years with the\\nIndicator; being a Practical Text-Book for the\\nEngineer or the Student, with no complex Formulae.\\nIllustrated. 8vo, cloth. 2 50\\n-Steam Tables and Engine Constant. Compiled\\nfrom Regnault, Rankineand Dixon directly, making\\nuse of the exact records. 8vo, cloth. 2 00\\nPRACTICAL IRON FOUNDING. By the Author\\nof \u00e2\u0080\u009cPattern Making,\u00e2\u0080\u009d c c. Illustrated with\\nover one hundred engravings. 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nPREECE (W. H.). Electric Lamps .(In Press.)\\nPREECE (W. H.), and STUBBS, A. T. Manual\\nof Telephony. Illustrations and plates. l2mo, cloth. 4 50\\nPREMIER CODE. (See Hawk, Wm. H.)\\nPRESCOTT (Prof. A. B.). Organic Analysis. A\\nManual of the Descriptive and Analytical Chemistry\\nof certain Carbon Compounds in Common Use: a\\nGuide in the Qualitative and Quantitative Ana vsis\\nof Organic Materials in Commercial and Pharma-", "height": "2712", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "28\\nD. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nceutical Assays, in the estimation of Impurities\\nunder Authorized Standards, and in Forensic Exam\u00c2\u00ac\\ninations for Poisons, with Directions for Elementary\\nOrganic Analysis. Fourth edition. 8vo, cloth.5 00\\nPRESCOTT (Prof. A. B.). Outlines of Proximate\\nOrganic Analysis, for the Identification, Separation,\\nand Quantitative Determination of the more com\u00c2\u00ac\\nmonly occurring Organic Compounds. Fourth edi\u00c2\u00ac\\ntion. l2mo, cloth... 1 75\\n-First Book in Qualitative Chemistry. Eighth\\nedition 12mo, cloth. 1 50\\nAnalysis. A Guide in the Practical Study of Chem\u00c2\u00ac\\nistry and in the work of Analysis. Fourth fully\\nrevised edition. With Descriptive Chemistry\\nextended throughout. 3 50\\nPRITCHARD (O. G.). The Manufacture of Electric\\nLight Carbons. Illustrated. 8vo, paper 60\\nPULLEN (W. W. F.). Application of Graphic Meth\u00c2\u00ac\\nods to the Design of Structures. Specially prepared\\nfor the use of Engineers. 12mo, cloth. Illustrated.\\nnet 2 50\\nPULSIFER (W. H.). Notes for a History of Lead.\\n\u00c2\u00bbvo, cloth, gilt tops. 4 00\\nPYNCHON (Prof. T. R.). Introduction to Chemical\\nPhysics, designed for the use of Academies, Col\u00c2\u00ac\\nleges, and High Schools. Illustrated with numerous\\nengravings, and containing copious experiments\\nwith directions for preparing them. New edition,\\nrevised and enlarged, and illustrated by 269 illustra\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions on wood. 8vo, cloth.3 00\\nRADFORD (Lieut. CYRUS S.). Hand-book on\\nNaval Gunnery. Prepared by Authority of the Navy\\nDepartment. For the use of U. S. Navy, U. S.\\nMurine Corps and U. S. Naval Reserves. Revised\\nand enlarged, with the assistance of Stokely Morgan,\\nLieut. U. S. N. Third edition. 12mo, flexible leather. 2 00\\nRAFTER (GEO. W.), and M. N. BAKER. Sew\u00c2\u00ac\\nage Disposal in the United States. Illustrations and\\nfolding plates. Second edition. 8vo, cloth. 6 00\\nRAM (GILBERT S.). The Incandescent Lamp and\\nits Manufacture. 8vo, cloth... 3 00", "height": "2849", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "THE VAN NOSTRAND SCIENCE SERIES.\\nNo. 60.\u00e2\u0080\u0094STRENGTH OF WROUGHT-IRON BRIDGE MEM\u00c2\u00ac\\nBERS. By S. W. Robinson, C.E.\\nNo. 61.\u00e2\u0080\u0094POTABLE WATER AND METHODS OF DETECT\u00c2\u00ac\\nING IMPURITIES. By M. N. Baker.\\nNo. 63.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE THEORY OF THE GAS ENGINE. By\\nDougald Clerk. Second edition. With additional\\nmatter. Edited by F. E. Idell, M.E.\\nNo. 63.\u00e2\u0080\u0094HOUSE DRAINAGE AND SANITARY PLUMB\u00c2\u00ac\\nING. By W. P. Gerhard. Sixth edition. Re\u00c2\u00ac\\nvised.\\nNo. 64.\u00e2\u0080\u0094ELECTRO-MAGNETU. 3y Th. du Moncel. 2d re\u00c2\u00ac\\nvised edition.\\nNo. 65.\u00e2\u0080\u0094POCKET LOGARITHMS TO FOUR PLACES OF\\nDECIMALS.\\nNo. 66.\u00e2\u0080\u0094DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY. By S. P.\\nThompson. With notes by F. L. Pope. Third\\nedition.\\nNo. 6?.\u00e2\u0080\u0094HYDRAULIC TABLES BASED ON KUTTER\u00e2\u0080\u0099S\\nFORMULA.\u00e2\u0080\u009d By P. J. Flynn.\\nNo. 68.\u00e2\u0080\u0094STEAM-HEATING. By Robert Briggs. Third\\nedition, revised, with additions by A. R. Wolff.\\nNo. 69.\u00e2\u0080\u0094CHEMICAL PROBLEMS. By Prof. J. C. Foye.\\nThird edition, revised and enlarged.\\nNo 70.\u00e2\u0080\u0094EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS. By M. Bertholet.\\nNo. 71.\u00e2\u0080\u0094DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY. By John Hopkinson,\\nJ. A. Schoolbred, and R. E. Day.\\nNo. 72.\u00e2\u0080\u0094TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING. By George J.\\nSpecht, Prof. A. S. Hardy, John B. McMaster, and\\nH. F. Walling.\\nNo. 73.\u00e2\u0080\u0094SYMBOLIC ALGEBRA; OR, THE ALGEBRA OF\\nALGEBRAIC NUMBERS. By Prof. W. Cain.\\nNo. 74.\u00e2\u0080\u0094TESTING MACHINES THEIR HISTORY, CON-\\nSTRUCTION, AND USE. By Arthur V. Abbott.\\nNo. 75.\u00e2\u0080\u0094RECENT PROGRESS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIO\\nMACHINES. Being a Supplement to Dynamo-\\nElectric Machinery. By Prof. Sylvanua P.\\nThompson.\\nNo. 76.\u00e2\u0080\u0094MODERN REPRODUCTIVE GRAPHIC PRO\u00c2\u00ac\\nCESSES. By Lieut. James S. Pettit, U.S.A.\\nNo. 77.\u00e2\u0080\u0094STADIA SURVEYING. The Theory of Stadia\\nMeasurements. By Arthur Winslow.\\nNo. 78.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE STEAM-ENGINE INDICATOR, AND ITS\\nUSE, By W. B. Le Van.\\nNo. 79.-THF FIGURE OF THE EARTH. By Frank a\\nRoberts, C.E. I\\nNo. 80.~HEALTH^ FOUNDATIONS FOR HOUSES. By\\nGlenn Brown.", "height": "2849", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "THE VAN NOSTRAND SCIENCE SERIES.\\nNo. 81.--WATER METERS: COMPARATIVE TESTS OF\\nACCURACY, DELIVERY, ETC. Distinctive\\nfeatures of the Worthington, Kennedy, siemens,\\nand Hesse meters. By Ross E. Browne.\\nNo. 82\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE PRESERVATION OF TIMBER BY THE USE\\nOF ANTISEPTICS. By Samuel Bagster Boul\u00c2\u00ac\\nton, C. E.\\nNo. 83.\u00e2\u0080\u0094MECHANICAL INTEGRATORS. By Prof. Henry\\nS. H. SHAW, C. E.\\nNo. 84.--FLOW OF WATER IN OPEN CHANNELS, PIPES,\\nCONDUITS, SEWERS, ETC. With Tables. By\\nP. J. Flynn, C. E.\\nNo. 85.-THE LUMINIFEROUS iETHER. By Prof, de\\nVolson Wood.\\nNo. 86.-HAND-BOOK OF MINERALOGY: DETERMINA\u00c2\u00ac\\nTION AND DESCRIPTION OF MINERALS\\nFOUND IN THE UNITED STATES. By Prof.\\nJ. C. Foye. Fourth edition, revised.\\nNo. 87.\u00e2\u0080\u0094TREATISE ON THE THEORY OF THE CON\u00c2\u00ac\\nSTRUCTION OF HELICOIDAL OBLIQUE\\nARCHES. By John L. Culley, C. E.\\nNo. 88.--BEAMS AND GIRDERS. Practical Formulas for\\ntheir Resistance. By P. H. PMLbrick.\\nNo. 89.\u00e2\u0080\u0094MODERN GUN COTTON: ITS MANUFACTURE,\\nPROPERTIES, AND ANALYSIS. By Lieut.\\nJohn P. Wisser, U. S. A.\\nNo. 90.\u00e2\u0080\u0094ROTARY MOTION AS APPLIED TO THE GYRO\u00c2\u00ac\\nSCOPE. By Gen. J. G. Barnard.\\nNo. 91.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 LEVELING: BAROMETRIC TRIGONOMETRIC\\nAND SPIRIT. By Prof. I. O. Baker.\\nNo. 92.\u00e2\u0080\u0094PETROLEUM: ITS PRODUCTION AND USE. By\\nBoverton Redwood, F. I. C., F. C. S.\\nNo. 93.-RECENT PRACTICE IN THE SANITARY DRAINAGE\\nOF BUILDINGS. With Memoranda on the Cost of\\nPlumbing Work. Second edition, revised. By\\nW illiam Paul Gerhard, C. E.\\nNo. 94.-THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE. By Dr. C. Mey-\\nmott Tidy.\\nNo. 95.--PLATE GIRDER CONSTRUCTION. By Isami Hiroi,\\nC. E. 2d edition, revised and enlarged.\\nNo. 96.-ALTERNATE CURRENT MACHINERY. By Gis-\\nbert Kapp, Assoc. M. Inst., C. E.\\nNo. 97.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTES. By\\nW. Paul Gerhard, Sanitary Engineer.\\nNo. 98.\u00e2\u0080\u0094PRACTICAL DYNAMO BUILDING FOR AMATEURS.\\nHOW TO WIND FOR ANY O L TPUT. By Frederick\\nWalker. Fully illustrated.\\nNo. 99\u00e2\u0080\u0094TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINES AND ENGINE\\nTRIALS. By Prof. Osborne Reynolds. Baited,\\nwith notes, etc., by F. B. Idell, M. E.", "height": "2849", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "THE VAN NOSTRAND SCIENCE SERIES.\\nNo. 100.\u00e2\u0080\u0094HOW TO BECOME AN ENGINEER, or the Theo\u00c2\u00ac\\nretical and Practical Training necessary in fitting\\nfor the duties of the Civil Engineer. By Prof. 1\\nGeo. W. Plympton.\\nNo. 101.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE SEXTANT, and other Reflecting Mathemati\u00c2\u00ac\\ncal Instruments. With Practical Hints for their\\nadjustment and use. By F. R. Brain aid, U. S.\\nNavy.\\nNo. 102.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE GALVANIC CIRCUIT INVESTIGATED\\nMATHEMATICALLY. By Dr. G. S. Ohm, Ber\u00c2\u00ac\\nlin, 1827. Translated by William Francis. With\\nPreface and Notes by the Editor, Thomas D.\\nLockwood, M.I.E.E.\\nNo. 103.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION OF\\nPOTABLE WATER. Wit :i Diagrams. By Geo.\\nW. Rafter.\\nNo. 104.\u00e2\u0080\u0094VAN NOSTRAND\u00e2\u0080\u0099S TABLE BOOK FOR CIVIL\\nAND MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. Compiled\\nby Prof. Geo. W. Plympton.\\nNo. 105.\u00e2\u0080\u0094DETERMINANTS. An Introduction to the Study\\nof, with Examples and Applications. By Prof.\\nG. A. Miller.\\nNo. 106.\u00e2\u0080\u0094COMPRESSED AIR. Experiments upon the\\nTransmission of Power by Compressed Air in\\nParis. (Popp\u00e2\u0080\u0099s System.) By Prof. A. 3. W.\\nKennedy. The Transmission an I Distribution of\\nPower from Central Stations by Compressed Air.\\nBy Prof. W. C. Unwin.\\nNo. 107.\u00e2\u0080\u0094A GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR SWING BRIDGES.\\nA Rational and Easy Graphical Analysis of the\\nStresses in Ordinary Swing-Bridges. With an\\nIntroduction on the General Theory of Graphical\\nStatics. By Benjamin F. La Rue. 4 Plates.\\nN 108.\u00e2\u0080\u0094SLIDE VALVE DIAGRAMS. A French Method\\nfor Constructing Slide Valve Diagrams. By Uoyu\\nBankson, B S.. Assistant Naval Constructor, U.\\nS. Navy. 8 Folding Plates.\\nNo. 109.\u00e2\u0080\u0094THE MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC CUR\u00c2\u00ac\\nRENTS. Electrical Measuring Instruments. By\\nJames Swinburne. Meters for Electrical Energy.\\nBy C. H. Wordingham. Edited, with Preface,\\nby T. Commerford Martin. Folding Plate and\\nnumerous illustrations.\\nNo. 110.\u00e2\u0080\u0094TRANSITION CURVES. A Field-Book for Engin\u00c2\u00ac\\neers, containing Rules and Tables for Laying\\nout Transition Curves. By Walter G. Fox, C.E.\\nNo. 111.\u00e2\u0080\u0094GAS-LIGHTING AND GAS-FITTING. Specifica\u00c2\u00ac\\ntions and Rules for Gas-Piping. Notes on the\\nadvantages of Gas for Cooking and Heating, and\\nUseful Hints to Gas Consumers. Second edition,\\nrewritten and enlarged. By Wm. Paul Gerhard,\\nC. E. J\\nNo. 112.\u00e2\u0080\u0094A PRIMER ON THE CALCULUS. By E. Sherman\\nGould, M. Am. Soc. C. E.", "height": "2849", "width": "1620", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "TEXT\\nColleges and Techn\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094m\\nTHEOEEIICAI\\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n033 261 069 7\\nWith an Introduction to the Calculus. Denned as a\\nText-Book for Technical Schools and Colleges, and for the\\nuse of Engineers, Architects, c. By JULIUS Weisbach\\nPh. D. Translated from the German by Eck LEY B. Cox k,\\nA. M., Mining Engineer. One Volume, large 8vo, 1112\\npages, 902 Illustrations, Cloth $6.00. Sheep. 7 5\\nThe Graphical Statics of Mechanism.\\nA Guide for the use of Machinists, Architects and En\u00c2\u00ac\\ngineers: and also a Text-Book for Technical schools. By\\nGustav Hermann, Professor in the Royal Polytechnic\\nSchool at Aix-la-Chapelte. Translated and Annotated by\\nA. P. Smith, M. E Fourth Ed. 12010, cloth, iilus. $2,00,\\nElementary Mechanism.\\nText-Book for Students of Mechanical Engineering.\\nBy Arthur F. Wo^S, Assistant Engineer U. S. Navy,\\nAssistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Illinois\\nState University, etc:, and ALBERT W. Stahl, M. E.,\\nAssistant Engineer U. S. Navy, Professor of Mechanical\\nEngineering, Purdue University. La Fayette, Ind., etc.\\nFourth Edition. i2tno, cloth, illustrated $2.00.\\nElements of Mechanics,\\nIncluding Kinematics. Kinetics and Statics. With appli\u00c2\u00ac\\ncations. By Professor T. W. WRIGHT, of Union College,\\nThird edition, revised. 8vo, cloth, illustrated #2.50. j\\nBowser\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Analytic Mechanics,\\nAn Elementary Treatise on Analytic Mechanics. With\\nnumerous examples. By Ei w. A. Bowser, L. L. D.\\n12th Edition. i?mo, cloth.. $3\\nElementary Mechanics, including Hydrostatics\\nand Pneumatics*\\nBy Professor Oliver j. Lodge, Revised Edition, ishio,\\ncloth, illustrated.. V i l,\\nApplied Mechanics*\\nA Treatise for the Use of Students who have time to\\nWork Experimental, Numerical, and Graphical Exercises,\\nIllustrating the Subject. By John Perry, M. t\\nF. R, S. 8vo, cloth,", "height": "2835", "width": "1670", "jp2-path": "handbookofelectr00lori_0152.jp2"}}