{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3169", "width": "1975", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.\\nChap. CopjTight No....\\ny\\\\ 9 g\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA.", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "Digitized by the Internet Arciiive\\nin 2010 with funding from\\nThe Ljbrary of Congress\\nhttp://www.archive.org/details/insouthafricawitOOmusg", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "IN SOUTH AFRICA WITH BULLER", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "A 4.7 NAVAL GUN IN ACTION BEFORE COLENSO.\\nFrom a sketch by a naval officer.", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "IN SOUTH AFEICA\\nWITH BULLER\\nBY\\nGEORGE CLARKE MUSGRAVE\\nAUTHOR OF TO KUMASSI WITH SCOTT, WEST AFRICAN\\nFETISH, THE CUBAN INSURRECTION, UNDER\\nTHREE FLAGS IN CUBA\\n1r\\nFrom Sketches by Rene Bull, Maud, R. Colon Woodville\\nand other War Artists\\nBOSTON\\nLITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY\\n1900", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "r\\n21602\\nLibrary of Conorees\\nTwo Copies Received\\nJUL 18 1900\\nCopyright entry\\nSECOMP COPY.\\nD\u00c2\u00bb wwfld to\\nRDLR DIVISION,\\n30^ /fee\\nCopyright, 1900,\\nBy Little, Brown, and Company\\nAll rights reserved\\n1^\\nSaniberstta Press\\nJohn Wilson and Son, Cambeidge, U.S.A.", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nIt is too early, at this date, to record the history\\nof the South African war. We live in an age, how-\\never, when interest is ephemeral, and, unless one is\\ncontent to write for reputation alone, a work must be\\npublished during the height of public interest to com-\\nmand success. Thanks to electricity and newspaper\\nenterprise, gifted writers now erect very readable\\nbooks around the slender fabric of cable despatches.\\nThe author who has gathered his material at the risk\\nof life and health, and at great expenditure of energy\\nand money, returns to find his work anticipated by\\nperhaps half a dozen books written by men who have\\nnever left the security of their own homes. It is a\\nnoteworthy fact that after the Spanish- American war,\\nwith perhaps one exception, the most successful books\\nwere penned by writers who never were in Cuba.\\nTheir works are a comedy of errors from Alpha to\\nOmega, but they were issued when the popular feel-\\ning was inflamed with victory, and their accuracy was\\nnot questioned. Hence the need of rapid preparation.\\nThe dust and heat of South Africa do not inspire\\nliterary style, and chapters written on horseback,\\nvii", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nafter sixteen hours in the saddle, lack the polish\\nbestowed by writers reclining in comfort and clean\\nlinen. I had planned to write a personal story, after\\nthe prevailing fashion, but finding that peerless artists\\nwere preparing word pictures of the campaign, I\\nconcluded that a plain account of the war and its\\ncauses, based on personal observation and investiga-\\ntion, would supply a want within my limitations.\\nThanks to prominent Afrikanders, who were ex-\\nceedingly anxious that I should present their side in\\nthe United States, their views and aspirations were\\nfreely brought to my notice. But familiarity with\\nthe Taal is apt to breed contempt, and though one\\ncannot be blind to the machinations of capitalists and\\nthe blunders of imperialists and ultra loyalists, a\\ncareful review of facts will lead true Americans, as\\nlovers of universal liberty, to realize that the only\\nhope for South Africa lies in its federation under\\nthe almost republican constitution guaranteed by the\\nBritish flag. Boer, or rather Taal, ideals are in\\nantithesis to liberty and progress. They are founded\\non hatred of the Anglo Saxon, a hatred based\\non past injustice but fanned to flame by intriguing\\nforeigners controlling the Transvaal.\\nThe Orange Free State, founded as a republic by\\nthe British Foreign Office, and always on terms of\\ncordiality with Downing Street, was in part induced\\nto take up arms against a traditional friend by the\\npossibilities of Dutch supremacy in South Africa,\\nviii", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nand the money provided by corrupt concessionaires in\\nthe Transvaal subverted the allegiance of thousands\\nof the more ignorant Taal-speaking British subjects\\nby the same idea.\\nThe misapprehension of British intentions not-\\nwithstanding, the Boer raid into the Colonies was\\nunjustifiable aggression; it was, from first to last, a\\nwar of conquest and subjugation. The great sym-\\npathy that I had for the Boers vanished when I saw\\ntheir ruthless devastation and method of extending\\ntheir rule toward Cape Town.\\nPatriots seeking to fight an army that may menace\\ntheir existence do not war on women and children,\\nor force citizens to take up arms against their own\\ncountry, turning out on the bare veldt those who\\nrefuse, looting their homes and crops. I have seen\\nmuch of revolution. For three years I was a sym-\\npathetic witness of the Cubans in their struggle for\\nfreedom from Spain s grip. I would that the ultra\\nAfrikanders could take a lesson from those ignorant\\nbut self-sacrificing peasants.\\nFrance, smarting under the British strictures of\\nthe Dreyfus case, has retaliated by a vindictive anti-\\nBritish attitude, misnomered Boer sympathy. Her\\nvituperations against the United States during the\\nwar with Spain prove the value of her perspicuity\\nin national questions. Spain, angered by British\\nsympathy for the United States during the war, has\\ntaken a very strong attitude in denouncing the\\nix", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nsecond manifestation of Anglo Saxon aggression.\\nHolland, through racial and commercial ties, is in\\nclose sympathy with the Boers. Russia, ever anti-\\nBritish, with her Siberian hell, her pitiless rule of\\ndependencies, and black despotism over her own\\npeople, grandiloquently joins France in denoimcing\\nEngland. Commercial hostility dominates Germany.\\nThe people of smaller States, not afflicted with\\nthe jealousies of the great Powers, take a dispas-\\nsionate view of the contest. Strong parties in Switz-\\nerland, Scandinavia, and Italy support the British\\nside; Denmark is strongly anti-Boer; and the Greeks\\nhave warmly supported the Power which has more\\nthan once proved her true friend. The Balkan States\\nare decidedly pro-British and since the return from\\nthe Transvaal of liberty-loving Hungarians, both\\nHungary and Servia have proffered contingents to\\nuphold the progress and equal rights of which the\\nTransvaal Republic is the absolute negation.\\nBut it is to the United States that England has\\nlooked for justice. Certainly at this juncture sym-\\npathy for either side can do no practical good. Yet\\nwith common language and ideals and a common\\nliterature which in the past half -century has done\\nmuch to mould the character of the two nations on\\nsimilar lines, the United States and Great Britain\\nthe two greatest factors in the world s development\\nshould have a better understanding than at present\\nexists. Many thoughtful Americans, animated by", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nneither party nor racial prejudice, see nothing to-\\nday in South Africa but the deliberate attempt of\\nRhodes and his cohorts to grab two tiny republics\\nfor their own exploitation. Some of them repre-\\nsent all that is highest and best in the United\\nStates. It is beyond human power to alter their\\nopinion, perhaps, but there are thousands of intelli-\\ngent citizens who are halting mid diverse reports,\\nanxious only for the truth.\\nI would refer them, on the one hand, to the late\\nAssistant Secretary of the Interior, who, in a few\\nhours visit to the Transvaal, discovered that the\\nBoers were the torch-bearers of the highest civili-\\nzation, disproved the wrongs of the Uitlanders and\\nthe corruption of Krugerism, and returned to propa-\\ngate the duty of the United States to cry a halt to\\nthe British forces, which had not then fought one\\nbattle outside their own territory, and were striving\\nto repel the invasion of British colonies, to raise the\\nsiege of British cities, and to prevent further destruc-\\ntion of the property of hard-working British colonists,\\nwho at least were innocent of capitalistic designs.\\nOn the other hand, converse with the true Ameri-\\ncan residents in South Africa. Ninety per cent, Re-\\npublicans and Democrats, favor the British side. Can\\nyou find one American missionary in South Africa\\nwho is not loud in his denunciation of the Transvaal\\nGovernment? Representatives of all classes are now\\nin this country. Mr. John Hayes Hammond and\\nxi", "height": "3006", "width": "1894", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "Introduction\\nMr. MosentLal are American business men. Mr.\\nMorton Carter is a student. Mr. John O Brien of\\nNew York is a plain working-man. And there are\\nBishop Hartzell and Dr. Hertz, whose testimony\\nis important. These men have tasted the evils of\\nKrugerism. They speak in the light of experience,\\nand from the standpoint of plain American citizens.\\nPresident Kruger invoked as arbiter the God of\\nBattles. We can look for no higher decision. At\\n2 p. M., to-day, the British flag was hoisted over\\nPretoria. There are many indications that the de-\\nvoted but credulous burghers, who have fought so\\nbravely and suffered so vainly for what they deemed\\nright, will ere long relinquish their apanthropic ideas,\\nand return to their homes to help build up a united\\nSouth Africa. They have proved the fallacy of the\\nexegesis of their leaders, whose greed and lust of\\nterritory has been one of the many causes of the\\ninevitable war and it rests with British statesmen to\\nform a tactful administration that alone can win their\\nconfidence and respect.\\nGEORGE CLARKE MUSGRAVE.\\nS. S. Ethiopia, June 5, 1900.\\nXll", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Contents\\nFaob\\nIntroduction vii\\nCHAPTER I.\\nThe Ultimatum from the Transvaal. The Gen-\\nesis OF THE Boer. The Eeactive British Policy\\nin South Africa. Formation of the Boer Re-\\npublics. The Conventions Compared 1\\nCHAPTER II.\\nA NEW Era in Transvaal History. The Uitland-\\nERS. Formation of the ISTational Union. The\\nRaid and its Consequences. The Bloemfontein\\nConference. War 34\\nCHAPTER III.\\nUnderlying Causes of the War. Afrikanderism.\\nPlausible Arguments for an Afrikander Re-\\npublic OF South Africa. Annual Expenditure\\nFOR Arms from 1889. The Shadows of War.\\nOpening of Hostilities 55\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nWar. Invasion of the Colonies. The Battle of\\nDundee 77\\nCHAPTER V.\\nElandslaagte. TiNTWA Inyoni. Yule s Retire-\\nment. Pepworth Hill. Ladysmith Invested 102\\nxiii", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "Contents\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nPage\\nCape Town Political and Military. Landing\\nOF THE Army. Buller s Force. Disposition\\nOF THE Columns 143\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nNatal. The Invasion South. Armored Train\\nDisaster. Breaking Communications. Willow\\nGrange. Ladysmith during Siege. Formation\\nOF Relieving Column. Buller s Arrival.\\nCommissariat of the British Army. Hospital\\nService. Ready for Battle 171\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nRepulses of Gatacre and Methuen. The Battle\\nOF CoLENSO. Withdrawal of Buller. Loss of\\nLong s Artillery Division. V. C. s on the Field 214\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nRe-echoes of Colenso. The Question of Artil-\\nlery. Lyddite. Effect of Reverse in Eng-\\nland. Lord Roberts. Christmas at the Front.\\nEffect of Victory on the Boers. The As-\\nsault of Ladysmith. A Brave Defence and a\\nBrave Attack. Treachery. Boer Positions\\nON THE TUGELA. DIFFICULTIES OF SoUTH AfRICA 252\\nCHAPTER X.\\nA Question of Supply. Traits of the American\\nOfficer. Automobile Transport. Dundon-\\nald s Dash to Springfield. Crossing the Tu-\\ngela. Boer Bravery. Disaster of Spion Kop.\\nVaal Krantz 287\\nxiv", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Contents\\nCHAPTER XI.\\nPAGE\\nA Battle of Fourteen Days and Nights. Cap-\\nture OF Pieter s. Majuba Day. Ladysmith\\nRelieved. Horrors of the Siege 320\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nAn unexpected Conclusion. Relief of Kimberley.\\nCapture of Cronje. Collapse of the Boer\\nArmy. Roberts March on Pretoria. Capture\\nOF Bloemfontein. Kroonstad and Lindley oc-\\ncupied. Invasion of the Transvaal. The\\nSherman of 1900. Capitulation of Pretoria.\\nThe Cost of the War. Conclusion 339\\nXV", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "Illustrations\\nPage\\nA 4. 7 naval gun in action before Colenso Frontispiece\\nFrom a sketch by a naval officer.\\nNature s defences of Northern Natal a view of the country\\nthat has aided Boer tactics 34\\nFrom a photograph.\\nMap of the country within thirty miles of Ladysmith 55\\nUitlanders fleeing in cattle-trucks from Johannesburg 74\\nFrom a photograph.\\nDragoon Guards carrying in wounded under fire 96\\nBrawn by W. T. Maud.\\nDawn, after the battle calling the roll 117\\nDrawn by Max Cowper.\\nArtillery covering White s withdrawal 135\\nDrawn by R. Caton Woodville.\\nThe Ladysmith Lyre facsimile of page 1 of the first\\nissue 186\\nThe siege of Ladysmith unfortunate non-combatants taking\\na breath of air 190\\nDr-awn by W. T. Maud.\\nAn affair of outposts 209\\nDrawn by John Charlton from a sketch by W. T. Maud.\\nV. C. s on the field trying to save the guns at Colenso 242\\nDrawn by Christopher Clark.\\nThe Devons charge on Wagon Hill 279\\nDrawn by W. T. Maud,\\nxvii", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "Illustrations\\nPage\\nDifficulties of transport a convoy of provisions for BuUer s\\narmy crossing the Tiigela Valley 289\\nDrawn by S. Begg.\\nDundonald s flying column crossing the Little Tugela at\\nSpringfield 294\\nFrom a photograph.\\nBritish ambulance corps crossing a spruit 297\\nFrom a photograph.\\nThe thin line of Khaki on Spion Kop 305\\nDrawn by R. Caton Woodville.\\nReinforcements scaling Spion Kop 307\\nDrawn by Rene Bull.\\nKrantz Kop 316\\nDrawn by C. Davis from a photograph.\\nThe aftermath of Pieter s Hill 331\\nDrawn by Charles Sheldon from a photograph.\\nRelief at last the first sight of the deliverers 335\\nDrawn by Frank Dadd, R. I.\\nBritish cavalry capture a portion of Cronje s convoj^ near\\nKimberley 342\\nDrawn by Stanley L. Wood, from a sketch by an officer.\\nVictor and vanquished the meeting of Lord Roberts and\\nGeneral Cronje 345\\nDrawn by F. de Haenen, from a sketch by a British officer.\\nxvni", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nCHAPTER I\\nThe Ultimatum from the Transvaal. The Genesis of\\nTHE Boer. The Reactive British Policy in South\\nAfrica. Formation of the Boer Republics. The\\nConventions Compared.\\nAnd so your follies fight against yourself y An\\nultimatum from the South African Republic Even\\nthe champions of the Boer, at home and abroad, were\\nastounded. We had been told that the God-fearing\\nPresident in Pretoria was profoundly anxious to\\npreserve peace. The English nation was warned\\nthat its political leaders, blinded by lust of em-\\npire, were forcing a war upon a people willing\\nand anxious to grant all reasonable concessions that\\ndid not jeopardize their independence if war came,\\nthe blood was to be on the heads of Mr. Chamber-\\nlain and his supporters. And on October 9th,\\neither through an erroneous but not altogether un-\\nnatural mistrust of British intentions, in which he\\ndivined a danger to his republic, or seeing an\\nopportunity for cloaking the realization of the\\nAfrikander dream of Dutch South Africa under an\\n1 1", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\napparent menace to Transvaal Independence, Presi-\\ndent Kruger despatched his peremptory note.\\nThe ultimatum, after denying the right of her\\nMajesty s Government to intervene in the internal\\naffairs of the South African republic, demanded\\n1. That all differences should be settled by arbi-\\ntration.\\n2. That British troops should be removed from\\nthe frontiers.\\n3. That all troops landed in South Africa since\\nJune 1st should be sent home.\\n4. That no further troops should be landed.\\nIn the event of these demands not being agreed to\\nwithin forty-eight hours, the South African republic\\nwould consider war declared.\\nThe ultimatum lacked the form of common diplo-\\nmatic decency. From a republic that owed its\\nnational existence to England, it was politically\\npreposterous. But the natural indignation of the\\nBritish people, roused by Kruger s demands and\\nthe blood spilt thereby, has blinded them to the fact\\nthat the Boers are less to blame than are the in-\\nsensate follies and mistakes made by successive\\nadministrations. A glance at the history of South\\nAfrica gives significant food for contemplation, and\\nBritish experience in the past should be of exceed-\\ning profit to future generations.\\nFrom the Dutch oer, a tiller, we have subverted\\nboor, a type of the rough, the uncouth; character-\\n2", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "The Genesis of the Boer\\nistics accruing not from the soil alone, but ever the\\nattribute of the South African Dutch. The genesis\\nof the Boer is obscure; he is S2d generis. It is\\nfallacious, if popular, to represent him as a trans-\\nplanted Hollander. He is relevant to South Africa\\nalone; his prototype is non-existent.\\nIn 1486, Diaz, pursuing the brilliant but short-\\nlived trend of Portugal as a factor in the world s\\ndevelopment, discovered the Cape of Good Hope.\\nLater, Da Gama s landing at Delagoa Bay led to Por-\\ntugal s acquisition of a Pandora s Box, the Zambesi\\nValley: the Cape did not attract the colonial enter-\\nprise so uselessly expended on the southeast. But\\nwhen the Dutch were developing the East Indies,\\ntheir ships watered in Table Bay the value of this\\nhalf-way haven was perceived, and in 1652 the\\nDutch East India Company despatched an expedi-\\ntion under Van Riebeck to form a permanent settle-\\nment at the Cape. Coolie slaves were introduced\\nto cultivate, and a revictualling station for the Com-\\npany s ships soon flourished.\\nThe early Dutch settlers were chiefly of the rough-\\nest class, uneducated and intolerant, a veritable\\nscum of rentiers, discharged soldiers, sailors, and\\nadventurers, released by the Peace of Westphalia\\nor tempted by the wandering spirit of the time.\\nTo avert discontent and to sustain the white popu-\\nlation, orphan and foundling girls were shipped from\\nthe Holland asylums to wife the colony. These\\n3", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nmaidens, barely of marriageable age, were chiefly\\nthe offspring of Netherland soldiers and sailors\\nkilled in the wars many were illegitimate few had\\nknown the softening influences of home or parental\\naffection. Reared under the Puritanical system of\\nDutch institutions, their knowledge of life was\\nrudimentary. When they were landed in Africa,\\nthey were eagerly seized by the men, and in the\\npossibilities and phases of their awakened sex, the\\nevolution from asylum units to women, they were\\noblivious to the slavery and absence of sentiment\\nin their union. From such parentage the Boer char-\\nacteristics can be traced. The bigoted religion of\\nthe race to-day is the direct attribute of the al-\\nmost superstitious belief of the rigorously schooled\\nmothers of the nation.\\nThe fathers of the embryonic race were not exclu-\\nsively Dutch. In 1689, three hundred French Hugue-\\nnots left the intolerance of their refuge in Holland,\\nand proved a refining leaven to the African colony.\\nA number of German Lutherans also settled in the\\ncountry. By the laws of the Company s administra-\\ntion, the faith and the tongue of the Huguenots and\\nthose of the Lutherans were proscribed, and all were\\ncompelled to worsliip in the Dutch Reformed Church.\\nIn a hundred years their identity had been aggres-\\nsively absorbed. Thus a distinct race arose Taal\\nbecame the common language. With Dutch mothers\\nwho had no parental ties with Holland, with fathers\\n4", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Dutch Cape Colony\\nof cosmopolitan ancestry, the early generations had\\nno emotional traditions: 0ns Zand Our Land\\nSouth Africa. For them history opened in 1652 it\\ncentred at Stellenbosch, it was circummured by Table\\nBay and Table Mountain.\\nThe colony throve and expanded until in 1778\\nthe territory had extended eastward to the Great\\nFish Riyer. Here the Boers came into violent con-\\ntact with the natives. The Company appointed land-\\ndrosts in each district and elaborated a system of\\ndefence, a commando being formed in each depart-\\nment by all burghers capable of bearing arms. The\\nmembers elected their commandant and field-cor-\\nnets, who were responsible to the Company for the\\nmobilization of the force either for local or general\\ndefence. The struggles with the natives and re-\\nsentment against service and taxation exacted by the\\nCompany without return developed a sturdy spirit of\\nindependence among the farmers along the frontier.\\nHundreds of burghers, incensed by the monopoly\\nand maladministration of the corporation, trekked\\nfrom the coast to join these quasi-independent com-\\nmunities in the interior. They moved with their\\nherds across the vast grazing-grounds, their families,\\nin tented wagons, sharing in the peregrinations. All\\ntrace of refinement and the proverbial Dutch clean-\\nliness was lost in the Romany existence. Separate\\ncommunities sprang up around each stock-farm, near\\nrelatives intermarried, and various factions, distinct\\n5", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nas the clans of Scotland, were evolved. The com-\\nmon enemy, the black, alone caused a general combi-\\nnation. When incursions of the natives had been\\nrepelled and punished, the apanthropic Boers re-\\nturned to their pastures, holding themselves aloof\\nfrom their neighbors, save when a conventicle in\\nsome township afforded the event of the season, and\\ngave the farmer opportunity to replenish his stock of\\ncartridges and cooking-pots. In the pastoral life\\nnegatived educational or social possibilities and re-\\nstricted the Boers to almost primeval simplicity, it\\nalso precluded the baneful essentials of civilization.\\nThe burghers clung to their religious belief with the\\ncredulous superstition of an Ashanti to his fetich,\\nor a Tasso to the Porro rites. The Boer has retained\\nhis faith to an extent that would be commendable\\nhad his conscience dominated his life, instead of his\\nlife having formulated his conscience.\\nIn 1780 the residents of the coast districts sent\\ndelegates to Holland to demand a voice in the ad-\\nministration of the settlement and a modification of\\nthe Company s arbitrary rule. After a delay of\\nseveral years the home government promulgated\\nreforms, and the Company adopted a more concilia-\\ntory policy; but in the interim disaffection had\\nspread, and the issue of the new regime was the\\nsignal for a general revolt to end the thraldom of\\na corporation that ruled only for commercial advan-\\ntage. The landdrosts were defied and maltreated\\n6", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Boer Revolt against the Dutch\\nthe Company was powerless. Holland, then the\\nBatavian Republic, was overrun by French revolu-\\ntionists, and the Stadtholder of the Netherlands had\\ntaken refuge in England. He vested his supreme\\nauthority in a British expedition which landed at\\nthe Cape in 1795.\\nThe insurgent Boers, finding that they could now\\nlive as they pleased, sullenly acquiesced in this\\nchange of administration but seven years later the\\nterritory was restored to the Batavian Republic. The\\nsubsequent war led to its seizure, in 1806, by a British\\nforce which occupied the Cape for eight years, when\\nthe colony was formally ceded to the Crown in ex-\\nchange for territory in the Western Hemisphere.\\nThere were less than thirty thousand white inhab-\\nitants at this time in Cape Colony, and about the\\nsame number of slaves. The Boers at first resented\\nBritish rule but they were soon reconciled to the\\nnew regime, and affairs ran smoothly for several\\nyears. There was a steady influx of settlers from the\\nUnited Kingdom, though Dutch remained the official\\nlanguage, and perfect harmony would have pre-\\nvailed but for the religious intolerance of the Boers.\\nUnder British administration freedom of religious\\nthought was secured. Roman Catholics were for\\nthe first time allowed to worship in the colony, but\\nIrish emigrants were persecuted by bigots of the\\nDutch Church, and the priests met with much local\\nopposition. Constant friction resulted.\\n7", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with BuUer\\nMissionaries of all denominations raised a protest\\nagainst the diabolical treatment of the blacks by\\nthe Boers. Their representations to the Colonial\\nOffice led to the enforcement of oppressive decrees\\nfor the protection of the natives, which caused\\nfurther discontent. In 1815, a farmer, one Bezuiden-\\nhout, refused to answer a charge of slave murder,\\nand fired on the troops sent to fetch him. They\\nreplied with a volley which killed him. At his fu-\\nneral four hundred Boer farmers swore revenge, and\\nplanned to capture the military post and lynch the\\nofficer. Lieutenant Rousseau, in reprisal. Their plans\\nwere betrayed to Colonel Cuyler, the British com-\\nmandant, who rode out and begged the burghers to\\nreturn home. A few accepted his advice, the re-\\nmainder went to the hills and defied the military.\\nAfter a severe fight they were dispersed, and five\\nringleaders were executed for high treason on March\\n6, 1816, at Slaagter s Nek. From that day forth.\\nSouth Africa became a divided camp, Boer versus\\nBriton.\\nThe influx of Britishers continued to increase, and\\nten years later the Colonial Office concluded that\\nEnglish should be the official language of the colony.\\nThis change was drastic and impolitic, since it over-\\nturned the whole system of local government. The\\nBoers complained bitterly of the injustice which they\\nto-day are fighting to uphold. Further feeling was\\nengendered in 1826, when the missionaries again", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "Abolition of Slavery\\nprotested against the Boer treatment of slaves, and\\nan ordinance compelling slave-owners to record in\\nwriting every punishment they inflicted was en-\\nforced, entailing a distinct hardship on the illiterate\\nburghers. Only the tact of the governor, Sir Lowry\\nCole, prevented armed rising against British rule.\\nSeveral humane colonists, desiring to rectify the\\nevils of slavery, then formed the Philanthropic\\nSociety to buy up and free young female slaves.\\nSince slave importation was forbidden, this reduc-\\ntion of slave mothers would eventually have eradi-\\ncated slavery.\\nBut the London Colonial Office, prompted by rabid\\nabolitionists, decided, in 1833, to enforce general\\nemancipation. Sir Benjamin D Urban, after whom\\nthe port of Natal is named, was appointed governor\\nof the colony to effect this, but the Colonial Office,\\nlacking adequate conception of local conditions, took\\nentire initiative. The colonists received X 1,200,000\\nfor slaves worth \u00c2\u00a33,000,000 at Government valuation.\\nBy the same blundering policy compensation was\\nmade in bank-notes redeemable only in London, and\\nthe colonists, British and Boer, were obliged to nego-\\ntiate them in the colony at a very heavy discount.\\nFleeced by Shylocks in the exchange, the more\\nignorant farmers received one eighth of the market\\nvalue of these slaves. But this hardship pressed\\nas greatly on the grandfathers of the British loyal-\\nists of to-day as on the Boers.\\n9", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nFrom Emancipation Day, December 1, 1834, the\\nslaves were to serve four years of apprenticeship\\nbefore becoming free laborers. When the four\\nyears expired, they quietly relapsed into their pro-\\ngenital savagery and retired to their old hunting-\\ngrounds.\\nWith ruin threatening their enterprises, through\\ndearth of labor, the colonists, mainly Boers, waged\\na terrible war of reprisals on the Kaffirs, and finally\\nswept them over the frontier. The expeditions were\\nencouraged by the governor, but after sixteen\\nmonths campaign these burghers, who had been\\ngiven grounds to expect compensation for their ser-\\nvices, found their action repudiated by the Colonial\\nSecretary, Lord Glenelg, who stated that the depre-\\ndations of the Kaffirs (who had murdered settlers\\nand stolen cattle at every opportunity) had been\\nevoked by injustice and ill-treatment, and that orig-\\ninal justice was on the side of the conquered blacks,\\nnot with the victors.\\nThe colonists were naturally incensed at this\\nmarked injustice, and foreseeing that the policy of\\na rabid humanity (as extreme, in antithesis, as the\\nBoer inhumanity) would make any control of black\\nlabor impossible, a number of Dutch farmers decided\\nto migrate into the wilderness, beyond the sphere of\\nBritish influence. Ninety-eight burghers, under\\nTrichardt and Rensburg, trekked northward to\\nDelagoa Bay, ultimately perishing of fever and star-\\n10", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "The Great Trek\\nvation. They were followed by a second party, com-\\nposed of one hundred men, women, and children,\\nincluding the three Krugers, which was organized in\\nthe Tarka and Colesberg districts, and settled imder\\nPotgieter between the Vet and Walsch rivers. A\\nband from Graaff Reinet joined the settlement a\\nfew weeks later.\\nIn 1837 Piet Retief organized further emigrant\\nparties, which finally reached the vast grazing coun-\\ntry beyond the Draakensberg, around Port Natal.\\nThey found some English settlers already at the\\nPort, but imperial control was nil; and having\\nsecured peace with the Zulus by heavy bribes, the\\nBoers hoped to settle as an independent community.\\nIn January, 1838, Retief and seventy companions were\\ninvited to the kraal of Dingaan the Zulu chief, and\\nbrutally massacred. The Zulus then fell upon the\\nunsuspecting settlers, and over a thousand men,\\nwomen, and children were slaughtered before the\\nBoers could rally for defence. The English com-\\nmunity at the post was exterminated. On December\\n16, Dingaan led his hordes to attack the improvised\\nfort of wagons defended by the four hundred Boers\\nwho had survived the raids. The beleaguered\\nwomen and children aided in the defence, and by a\\nsortie at night a mere handful of burghers routed\\ntwelve thousand Zulus, shooting down four thousand\\nblacks as they retreated, hounded like sheep, to the\\nlimits of the territory.\\n11", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with. Buller\\nSince all the English settlers had been killed, the\\nvoor-trekkers, still adjudged British subjects by the\\nCrown, proclaimed themselves a republic in Natal.\\nThis necessitated some manifestation of imperial\\nauthority over the land that had been declared\\nBritish in 1824, and in 1842 a force landed and\\noccupied the Port. Enraged at the pursuit of a rule\\nfrom which they had suffered so much to escape,\\nthe Boers attacked the tiny British garrison and\\nwould have massacred them to a man but for the\\ntimely arrival of reinforcements which defeated the\\nburghers, whose Volksraad finally acknowledged\\nBritish authority.\\nThe Colony of Natal was constituted in 1845, and\\nwhile a large number of farmers remained to finally\\nappreciate the security of imperial control, the wilder\\nspirits trekked again over the Dragon Mountains,\\nfrom the environment of civilization. They joined\\nPotgieter s voor-trekkers, then swelled by hundreds\\nof emigrants from the South, and spread over the\\nvast territory between the Vaal and Limpopo.\\nThough these nomad graziers had founded the\\nsemblance of a republic, they had settled in numer-\\nous communities, each dominated by family feud and\\npersonal jealousy. Torn by these petty dissensions\\nand the fierce struggle for rivalry between Potgieter\\nand Pretorius, the administration was without au-\\nthority. The republic boasted a common Volksraad,\\nvested in a semblance of Federal control, but in-\\n12", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "The Transvaal Republic Founded\\ndividually the burghers set its laws at defiance, and\\nthere was not a vestige of government that could be\\nrecognized by the Foreign Office. By international\\nlaw the Boers were still British subjects.\\nThe land between the Vaal and Cape Colony was\\na neutral territory peopled by the Griquas (Boer\\nhalf-breeds) and Cape Dutch who wished to com-\\npromise between the Crown and the heterogeneous\\nrepublic beyond. Constant raids and cattle lifting\\nbetween Boers, Griquas, and blacks became a serious\\nmenace to the peace of Cape Colony and to end the\\nturbulence on the frontier, Great Britain, in 1848,\\nannexed the no man s land between the Orange\\nand Vaal rivers.\\nThe Boers beyond the Vaal, fearing their indepen-\\ndence was menaced, promptly resented the extension\\nof imperialism to their borders. They crossed the\\nriver and captured Bloemfontein, but were soon\\ndriven back by Sir Henry Smith. They then incited\\na rising among the Basutos and were again prepar-\\ning to invade the territory, when a British Commis-\\nsion met the Boer leaders at the Sand River and\\nguaranteed the farmers beyond the Vaal (Trans-\\nvaal) the right of self-government, provided that no\\nslavery was permitted.\\nIn 1853, despite the pleas and protests of the\\nOrange River colonists. Lord Aberdeen s govern-\\nment, pressing a Little England policy, resolved\\nto revoke the annexation of that territory. The in-\\n13", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nhabitants comprised elements vastly different from the\\nTransvaal Boers, but they were officially relinquished\\nby the Crown on February 24, 1854, with a grant of\\n\u00c2\u00a350,000 as a sop for the independence they did not\\ndesire. Thus sprang into existence the Orange Free\\nState.\\nDespite the Queen s wish, the independence of\\nthe Transvaal and the creation of the Orange Free\\nState two monumental blunders for which a sea of\\nblood, Boer and British, has flowed to-day were\\nconsummated by the insensate folly of Downing\\nStreet. The extension of frontier in South Africa\\nthey declared worse than useless they overlooked\\nthe loss of prestige entailed by hauling down the\\nBritish flag. But as they sowed, so they reaped.\\nWhere the policy of colonial officialdom in regard\\nto South Africa would have ended, but for the advent\\nof Sir George Grey as Governor of Cape Colony, it\\nis impossible to say. Realizing the evils that had\\ngone before, he patiently bestowed years of labor in\\nlaying the foundation for the Great South Africa of\\nthe near future. His wise policy instilled into the\\nnative mind a deep-rooted reverence for the Queen,\\nand the loyalty of the natives to-day stands as one\\nmonument to Sir George s administration.\\nCape Colony flourished exceedingly. In 1866 the\\npopulation had increased to 182,000; it doubled itself\\nwithin the next twelve years. In 1872 complete\\nself-government was instituted, and in 1882 the in-\\n14", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "The Discovery at Kimberly\\nelusion of Dutch as an official language stimulated\\nthe political life of many thousands of Boers who\\nhad remained British subjects. Imperial control be-\\ncame practically nil, the people made their own laws\\nunder a free constitution, and had the care and\\nprotection of a powerful foster-mother.\\nIn 1869 the discovery of diamonds just beyond the\\nModder River attracted a rush of diggers and adven-\\nturers to the district, which soon proved to be rich\\nindeed. The Transvaal, a Griqua chief named\\nWaterboer, and a native king, all laid claim to the\\ncoveted territory, and invited the Governor of Cape\\nColony to arbitrate. The Transvaal demand was\\nimpudent aggression; he awarded his decision to\\nWaterboer, who placed the land under British pro-\\ntection, to secure order among the turbulent spirits\\nattracted by the mines. The Free State then came\\nforward with a tolerable claim for the district, but\\nsince matters had been satisfactorily adjusted, the\\nColonial office paid the republic $450,000 for its\\nclaim, an insignificant price for mines that have\\nsince produced millions, though the successful ex-\\nploitation by private capital was not then foreseen\\nand through British intervention farmers on the land\\nsold out at their own price, where otherwise a bloody\\nstruggle would have been precipitated by the con-\\ntending parties.\\nAs an independent State, the Transvaal was lead-\\ning a checkered existence. Puny revolutions, less\\n15", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nsignificant than the upheavals of South America,\\nconstantly arose j various factions were at daggers\\ndrawn, and the burghers were ever at variance with\\nthe quieter elements of the Free State, and twice\\nmenaced its independence. Pretorius and Schoe-\\nman both posed as President of the Transvaal, each\\nclaiming control of the empty treasury. Civil war\\nfinally broke out, in which Kruger assumed com-\\nmand of the Pretorius party. He bombarded and\\ncaptured Potchefstroom, Schoeman escaping, how-\\never, with Steyn and Preller. Kruger pursued them\\nhotly to the Klip River, where the deposed leaders\\ncountermarched, re-entered Potchefstroom, and ral-\\nlied their adherents, while Oom Paul and his com-\\nmando followed the first scent. Strongly reinforced,\\nKruger again advanced on the town, and after close\\ninvestment forced surrender. Schoeman, Steyn, and\\nPreller were banished for life. Viljoen next raised\\na revolution, which was finally quelled; there was\\nconstant trouble with the independent communities\\nof Utrecht and Lydenburg, and innumerable fights\\nbetween smaller factions, notably on differences of\\ndogma.\\nThe history of these so-called republics is not\\ninspiring. In 1864 a unification of the Transvaal\\nwas arranged by Pretorius, who drew up a defi-\\nnite constitution, which was adopted by the elected\\nVolksraad of the peripatetic burghers. But pro-\\ngression was a word unknown beyond the Vaal.\\n16", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "Turbulent Boer History\\nThough slavery was unconstitutional, cattle stealing\\nby the Kaffirs evoked terrible reprisals, and the\\nvarious tribes were forced to labor in virtual slavery\\nafter their conquest. The Boers, though retaining\\ntheir fanatical religious fervor, still set all law and\\norder at defiance taxes they would not pay, and the\\nrepublic was ever on the verge of bankruptcy.\\nTheir Bible told them that they were the Lord s\\nchosen people; the Old Testament was their guide,\\nthe Pentateuch their mentor, especially the books\\nof Leviticus and Deuteronomy, whose teachings are\\ncertainly questionable when applied to the nineteenth\\ncentury. The sun moved round the earth, since\\nJoshua told it to stand still; David was an early\\nriser; thunder, the voice of God. The hygienic laws\\nenforced in the camp of Israel they overlooked. The\\ncurse of Ham was their justification for monstrous\\ntreatment of the blacks; their cruelty gave zealous\\nanswer to what they deemed Divine command, since\\nthey held Biblical authority for occupying the land\\nof the heathen, and meted to the natives as did Israel\\nto the Canaanites.\\nA typical instance of Boer ferocity toward the\\nnatives, was the massacre of the tribe of Makapan\\nfor cattle lifting. The burghers under Hermanius\\nPotgieter, with whom was the young burgher Paulus\\nKruger, found that the entire tribe had taken refuge\\nin a mammoth cave in the Waterberg district. This\\nthey speedily invested, building up the mouth save\\n2 17", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nfor one narrow entrance. Several attempts were\\nmade to suffocate the three thousand poor wretches\\nshut within, but the cave was too vast for the accom-\\nplishment of this, and for twenty-five days the siege\\ncontinued. The famished blacks constantly strove to\\nrush through the narrow entrance, only to be shot\\ndown by their ruthless captors, and finally dead si-\\nlence reigned. Of the three thousand men, women,\\nand children none survived. Nine hundred had\\nbeen shot attempting to escape, the remainder had\\nperished miserably of starvation.\\nPunitive expeditions that led to the extermination\\nof the Bakwena on the Mooi River and the Moseles,\\nwere hardly less sanguinary, and nothing in the his-\\ntory of England s colonizing approaches the cruelty\\nof these Boer reprisals, which were for extermina-\\ntion, not subjugation, as were the former.\\nMissionaries who attempted to teach the natives\\nfaced intense persecution, and the looting and mas-\\nsacre of the Beersheba Mission Station by the Boers,\\nunder Landdrost Sauer of Smithfield, savors of Celes-\\ntial fanaticism or of the bigotry of a Bloodj^ Mary.\\nRobert Moffat, in his fifty-three years of missionary\\neffort in Bechuanaland, suffered from unceasing hos-\\ntility from these simple Christians, who argued that\\na native and a baboon had equal souls. Livingstone\\nfrequently expressed his horror of Boer inhumanity;\\nmany times men, women, and children of his people\\nwere shot down in cold blood, and others taken off\\n18", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "What Missionaries say of the Boers\\nas prisoners of war, in obedience to the letter, and\\nin evasion of the spirit, of the abolitionist decrees.\\nFinally they burned his house, looted the Mission\\nSettlement, and carried off two hundred children of\\nhis converts as servants. John Mackenzie lived\\nfrom 1860 to 1880 among the Boers, to whose ignor-\\nance and cruelty he has paid significant tribute. I\\ncould quote Dr. Nachtigal, Rev. E. Ludorf, M. Fre-\\ndoux, M. Creux, and M. Berthond of the Mission\\nRomande, and many others to the same end. Their\\ntestimony shows that the Boer in the nineteenth\\ncentury meted to the black such measures as did the\\nSpaniard to the Guanches and Antillian aborigines\\nin the sixteenth.\\nIn 1872 President Pretorius resigned to prevent\\ndeposition after the Keate award. The Rev. Mr.\\nBurgers, a man of superior education and refinement,\\na Colonial College graduate, was elected in his stead.\\nThe burghers, influenced greatly by Kruger, now a\\nprominent and ambitious political factor and com-\\nmandant general of the State, became alarmed by the\\nbreadth of the religious views of their President. As\\nhead of the Church, he first proposed that hymns\\nshould be sung at the conventicle, an unorthodox\\ninnovation savoring of the devil and the flesh; but\\nwhen he stated in a sermon that Satan was an evil spirit\\nand possessed neither horns nor tail as pictured in the\\nold Dutch Bible, the credulous farmers called the\\nelders together, and charges of infidelity were made.\\n19", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nThe intelligent provisions he had formulated for\\nthe improvement of the State were received with\\nopen distrust, the treasury was empty, and disorders\\nbroke out in every section. He had exhausted his\\nprivate fortune in attempting to evolve order from\\nchaos. Because his Executive called in \u00c2\u00a377,246 in\\nnotes which were practically worthless, and de-\\nstroyed them publicly before Lys store, the igno-\\nrant burghers accused him of ruthless destruction of\\npublic money.\\nA Zulu rising was then imminent, and Burgers,\\nseeing that action by England would be provoked by\\nthe internal anarchy, begged the burghers to stand\\ntogether to quell the natives, pay their taxes, and\\nsustain the constitution. But the dispute between\\nlittle and big-endians continued. A party favor-\\ning annexation to the Crown sprang up: the treas-\\nury contained 12 shillings ($3), and Kruger arose on\\nthe political horizon to head a bloodless revolution,\\nthat deposed Burgers and nominated him as Presi-\\ndent. To save further disorder Burgers prepared\\nto retire. In his valedictory address he warned the\\npeople to remember that British intervention would\\nbe their fault, for since the Powers had intervened\\nto end the misrule in an empire like Turkey, the\\nanarchy in a little and bankrupt republic could\\nhardly be excused.\\nMany factions opposed Kruger, the President soi-\\ndisant, whose nomination was neither contested nor\\n20", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "The Annexation of the Transvaal\\nconsummated. During this crisis the Zulus were\\npreparing to swoop into the Transvaal on the south,\\nSikukuni and his hordes had repulsed the Boers on\\nthe northeast, and numerous other tribes saw an\\nopportunity ripening to revenge the past. The Boers\\nlacked ammunition there was no government to sup-\\nply them; the very existence of the republic was\\ndoomed.\\nAlarmed at the state of the Transvaal, the Colo-\\nnial Office appointed Sir Theophilus Shepstone as\\nHigh Commissioner to inquire into existing condi-\\ntions. Finding affairs hopelessly involved, the rising\\nof the Zulus and Kaffirs general, and many inhabi-\\ntants favoring Crown control, he used his prerogative\\nand proclaimed the annexation of the republic to the\\nCrown on April 12, 1877, as a measure necessary for\\nthe peace of South Africa. But for this action, arbi-\\ntrary as it was, the country must have been submerged\\nby the blacks. The strong arm of England was wel-\\ncomed or tolerated by the burghers in the crisis;\\nthey would have remained content but for the delay\\nin the institution of the autonomy promised them.\\nThe Colonial Office wished to realize a dream of\\nthe federation of South Africa. As in Cuba and\\nthe Philippines to-day, a military governor was ap-\\npointed in the interim. The Boers, who before had\\nevaded taxation, now found their stock seized if they\\nrefused the dues. The taxes were very light; but\\nmartial control is too tactless for a people who desire\\n21", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nto be free. A martinet used to implicit obedience\\ncannot successfully control civilians. The Philip-\\npine revolt to-day and recent discontent in Cuba\\nshould teach the United States the lesson it took\\nEngland so long to learn.\\nWith an inherent distrust of the Colonial Office, the\\nBoers chafed under such control, and the delayed ful-\\nfilment of promises. They showed no disposition for\\npatience until the native war should end, and the\\ncost and trouble of the querimonious prot^g^ led\\nDowning Street to act arbitrarily when tact might\\nhave saved the day.\\nA number of republican leaders were retained as\\nCrown officials, Kruger among them. After a reite-\\nrated demand for an increased stipend had been re-\\nfused, he resigned from office and became an active\\nfactor in fanning the discontent of the burghers into\\nopen disaffection. General Wolseley and Sir Bartle\\nFrere had barely subdued the black menace, when\\nhe broached plans for a general uprising. Since-\\nKruger in his official capacity had been frequently\\nconsulted by these administrators with a view of\\nending military rule at an early date and instituting\\na liberal constitution under imperial control, it would\\nseem that personal ambition was garbed neath the\\ncloak of patriotism when he advocated revolt. He\\npointed out that since the savage hordes were now\\nsubdued, British control could no longer be brooked,\\nfor such control meant slavery to the Queen. In his\\n22", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "The Birth of Krugerism\\nparaleipsical speeches made to the burghers in No-\\nvember, 1880, at Paardekraal, the pending equality\\nof the black and the white was the main plank of his\\nrevolutionary platform, a claim that the Boers were\\nto be reduced to the level of Kaffirs because England\\ninsisted that the common rights of man, simple justice,\\nshould be accorded to the black, a contention that\\nclaims Lincoln for its martyr, and places the halo of\\nliberty over the national cemeteries of 1861.\\nIn the two hundred and thirty-two provisions of\\nthe Transvaal constitution of to-day, the clause of\\nninth importance reads The people shall not per-\\nmit any equality of colored persons and white inhabi-\\ntants in the Church or State Article 31 reads\\nBastards and colored persons shall not be admitted\\nto State councils.\\nMany burghers advocated a delay that would have\\ndefeated Kruger s machinations by the institution of\\nliberal self-government in the interim. But he suc-\\ncessfully played on the Boer superstition of Dingaan s\\nDaag, December 16, when the Lord delivered the\\nZulu hordes into the hands of his people. The as-\\n1 Even native ministers and teachers in the Transvaal are forced\\nto wear the numbered armlet of all black persons allowed in the\\ntovnis and I refer you to the recent Presidential speeches to show\\nyou the Boer horror of England s efforts to franchise educated\\nblacks at the Cape. The Constitution of the British Colonies says\\nThere shall not be in the eye of the law any distinction or dis-\\nqualification founded on mere difference of color, origin, language,\\nor creed, but the protection of the law shall be extended to all\\nalike.\\n23", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nsociation seemed auspicious. Since Fenian aid was\\npromised and the entire British army consisted\\nof three thousand men, many of whom had been\\nslain by the blacks, success, Kruger argued, was\\ncertain. When the anniversary dawned, the ex-\\ntremists rose en masse, and the isolated British\\ndetachments scattered through the land were sur-\\nprised and overcome. Pretoria was invested, but\\nheld out until the end, defended by regulars and the\\nVolunteer Rifles, composed mainly of Dutch, mark\\nyou, some thousands of whom remained loyal.\\nReprehensible tactics were followed by the Boers\\nfrom the first; an ammunition train of thirty-four\\nwagons, returning from the war in Zululand, was\\nsurprised in a swamp. Colonel Anstruther, with\\ntwo hundred ammunition servers, mainly band boys\\nwho are detached for this duty in a campaign,\\nknew nothing of the intended rising. Officers and\\nmen were manning the heavy wagons through the\\nmud, when a party of Boers appeared on the edge\\nof the swamp, demanding surrender. The few troops\\nthat were armed sprang to the wagons for their rifles,\\nwhen a murderous fire was opened on the detach-\\nment from the surrounding kopjes the British\\nwere shot down like dogs, a miserable remnant\\nonly being spared to be exhibited in triumph with\\nthe ammunition, as a mark of God s favor to the\\nrepublican cause.\\nAt Potchefstroom three hundred men, women, and\\n24", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "A Sanguinary Revolution\\nchildren, including the families of two missionaries,\\nwere shut up in a mud fortification twenty-five\\nyards square. Cronje, whose tactics proved him\\nsubtle as lago and treacherous as Iscariot, refused\\nto allow non-combatants to leave, hoping to facilitate\\nsurrender through starvation. With only rain water\\nto drink, women and children sheltered by a ragged\\ntarpaulin, exposed to frequent rifle fire, and unable\\nto bury their dead beyond the narrow environs,\\nthe besieged under Colonel Winsloe held out for\\nthree months. Then a miserable remnant of sur-\\nvivors surrendered through hunger to hear that a\\ngeneral armistice had been arranged two weeks be-\\nfore, but the news had been withheld by the relent-\\nless Cronje.\\nThe unnecessary cruelty had caused numerous\\ndeaths at the last stage. The story of that siege,\\nas recounted to me by two survivors, negatives\\nany claim that the Boers conducted the war with\\nhumanity. The shooting of helpless prisoners, the\\nmurder of Mr. Malcolm, a defenceless Scotchman,\\nkicked to death on his own homestead, the execu-\\ntion of the loyal burghers Woite and Linden, the\\nshooting of the unarmed settlers Lindley and\\nGreen, Captain Elliot killed as he crossed the Vaal\\nRiver after exchange, and Dr. Barbour shot by his\\nBoer escort as he rode with them to tend the\\nwounded prisoners on February 21, 1881, are a few\\nof the many atrocities that T have verified from eye-\\n25", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwitnesses. They would form a chapter of fact that\\nthe fictional Boers in Jess could not surpass.\\nGeneral Joubert assumed command of the insur-\\ngents, and crossing the Natal frontier, he intrenched\\nhis burghers at Laing s Nek, over which the main\\nroad to the Transvaal crosses. Sir George CoUey,\\ngathering what forces were in the colony, moved up\\nto attack on January 28, 1881. The position, held\\nby Boer sharpshooters, trained with the rifle from\\nchildhood, was impregnable, and though the com-\\nposite British forces twice charged across the open\\nand attempted to storm the hill, they were forced\\nto fall back with frightful loss. Eleven days later\\nCoUey was again repulsed by the sheltered defenders.\\nThe general then retired to Prospect Hill to await\\nreinforcements, and as the Boers showed a disposi-\\ntion to treat, he sent a message offering terms for\\nan armistice, which were refused.\\nOn the night of February 26, with one hundred\\nand fifty men, he ascended Majuba Hill to prevent\\nthe Boers entrenching there, and prepared to menace\\ntheir flank. The enemies at daybreak, seeing red-\\ncoats on the hill directly above them,, started to\\nretreat. Had the vanguard been prepared for a\\nfrontal attack, the Boers would then have been\\ndefeated. The light firing of CoUey s slender force,\\nhowever, revealed their true strength, and during\\na feinted frontal attack, a party of Boers moved\\nround the base of the hill, and ascending by a\\n26", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Magnanimity, or Surrender\\nnarrow gully, suddenly poured a deadly fire into\\nthe British rear. In vain Colley tried to rally his\\nmen; with most of his officers he fell before the\\nshattering volleys, and the British were driven down\\nthe hill, being shot like rabbits as they retreated.\\nFifty survivors reached the valley, where they were\\ncaptured by Boers below. The small number of\\nwounded found on the field significantly corrobo-\\nrated the charge of survivors that the triumphant\\nenemy, emulating the French Turcos^ had shot the\\nhelpless men as they lay.\\nMr. Gladstone was not in favor of holding the\\nTransvaal; he believed such possessions useless\\nencumbrances. Realizing that the revolt had been\\nprompted by past injustice and misunderstanding,\\nand foreseeing the expenditure of blood and treasure\\nthat would be necessary to subdue the Boers, he\\nstayed a further advance of troops. Despite the\\noutcry of the army, who demanded that the Boers\\nfirst be forced to respect British authority, an armis-\\ntice was declared, and after a formal convention at\\nPretoria, absolute self-government was arranged for\\nthe Transvaal, under the direct suzerainty of the\\nQueen.\\nUnder the terms of the convention the Boers\\nwere given full liberty in their internal affairs,\\nslavery was proscribed, and the old Grondwet was\\nretained. External diplomatic relations and all\\ntreaties with the native chiefs were controlled by\\n27", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe Foreign Office. Protection of the blacks was\\nassured, extension of frontier being prohibited, to\\nsave surrounding tribes from aggression. Property\\nand the trade rights of foreigners and natives, and\\nabsolute freedom of religion, were stipulated.\\nThe triumvirate ruled the republic for a few\\nmonths then General Kruger was elected President.\\nStephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger possesses a com-\\nplex character. For bravery and endurance he had\\nno equal in South Africa schooled in the veldt, he\\nretains all the rugged failings and virtues of the\\nBoers, surmounted by a stupendous ambition for him-\\nself and his country. From the Kaffir he had learned\\nslimy^^ which, combined with the Pythagorean pre-\\ncept of silence and a happy pauciloquence, served\\nhim as diplomacy, and frequently with triumph.\\nWith the educational advantages of a more civilized\\nenvironment he would have proved even a greater\\nand probably a worse man. He has the blended\\ninstincts of a Gladstone and a swineherd, said one\\nwho knows him well. A born leader of men, his\\naggressive personality made him an ideal President\\nfor the early Boer republic. Destiny placed him\\nbeyond his ken as an old bottle for new wine, the\\nlimitations of his administration abjectly failed before\\nthe progressive commercialism and the liberality of\\nthought and deed that dominates the world to-day.\\nHis first act in the Transvaal was to replace the\\nilliterate burghers filling public offices by educated\\n28", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "The Second Convention\\nHollanders. He appointed an East Indian Dutch-\\nman, Dr. Leyds, State Attorney, and, despite the\\ndiscontent caused thereby, numerous Hollanders were\\nimported to manage all affairs of state. Unrestrained\\nby love of country, untrained in diplomacy, and\\nengrossed in the acquisition of wealth and power,\\nthis alien administration of the republic has proved\\nits undoing.\\nIn 1883 President Kruger, with Messrs. Smit and\\nDu Toit, journeyed to London to secure an ameliora-\\ntion of the terms of the 81 convention. The Foreign\\nOffice was heartily tired of the troubles and losses\\nentailed by the republic of herders, and Lord Derby\\nloosely assented to a revised treaty. The title of\\nBritish Resident was changed to Consul General,\\ncomplete internal independence was guaranteed.\\nThe restrictive clauses by which the republic could\\nconclude no treaty with any State or nation but the\\nFree State, nor with any native State save with the\\napproval of the Queen, were retained.\\nKruger returned home to announce that the Trans-\\nvaal demands had been met, and as suzerainty no\\nlonger existed, the republic was an independent\\nState. But the liberty that a government would\\ngrant to a pastoral community in a barren country,\\nof no attractions, and the license that they could\\npermit when thousands of their own subjects had\\nbeen drawn to settle in the country, are divergent\\npropositions.\\n29", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nTlie crux of the present imbroglio rests on tlie\\nomission of the word suzerainty in the second con-\\nvention. It is contended that the preamble of the\\nfirst convention which contained the suzerainty-\\nclause was not revoked by the modification of the\\narticles arranged by the second. The obscurity of\\nsuch inference is obvious from a glance at the second\\ndocument, which reads Her Majesty has heen\\npleased to direct that the following Articles of\\na new Convention shall he substituted for the\\nArticles emhodied in the Convention of 1881. But since\\nthe Articles only are specified, and the preamble of\\nthe first Convention complete self government sub-\\nject to the suzerainty of Her Majesty^ her heirs, and\\nsuccessors will be accorded to the inhabitants of the\\nTransvaal territory is the only charter of in-\\ndependence that the Transvaal can claim, it may\\nbe argued that the refutal of the suzerainty must\\nalso be a refutal of the status of the South African\\nrepublic.\\nDespite the explicit limitations of frontier in the\\nsecond convention, President Kruger, in Punic faith,\\nunofficially encouraged aggression, and when Boer\\nfilibusters had founded the republics of Goshen and\\nStelland in territory under British protectorate, he\\ncoolly annexed them to the Transvaal. The incon-\\nsistent policy of successive ministries, conservative\\nand liberal, expansionist and contractionist, en-\\ncouraged him in his double dealing. His unofficial\\n30", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Boer Aggression Thwarted\\ntrekking parties also moved north and east. The in-\\ncursions into Swaziland he stimulated by subsidy,\\nwith the hope of extending the Transvaal to the\\ncoast, and his official map was printed with Swazi-\\nland and Matibililand in the Transvaal yellow. But\\nthis expansion, in direct violation of his pledges, was\\nabruptly checked.\\nAn expedition under Sir Charles Warren moved\\ninto Bechuanaland at the long-standing request for\\nprotection by Khama, chief of the Bamangwato and\\nthe living refutal of the charge that no African can\\nlead a consistent Christian life mid the scenes of\\nprogenital savagery. The Boers sullenly withdrew\\nover the border, without fighting. The grab of\\nSwaziland, however, was not prevented, though by\\nsubsequent treaties the territory on the coast between\\nNatal and Portuguese East Africa became British\\ndominion, and Kruger s natural desire of a port and a\\nnavy for his republic was thwarted. His northward\\ntrend was checked by his arch-enemy, Mr. Rhodes,\\nwho obtained a royal charter for his British South\\nAfrican Company to administer and trade in Mati-\\nbililand and Mashonaland, British protectorates.\\nFor trade and the flag, might is deemed right, and\\nthe white man s burden is, at the beginning at least,\\na burden on the black or brown man, though event-\\nually for his good. But those good people who have\\nbeen troubled by the vivid pictures of Trooper Hal-\\nkett may rest assured that Miss Schreiner has allowed\\n31", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "In South Africa witH Buller\\na political animosity by no means shared by lier own\\nrelatives, to distend her naturally vivid imagination\\nfar into the realms of fiction. The Company s war\\nwas neither better nor worse than the dozen native\\nwars of recent years. Fierce tribes who prey on their\\nmore innocent neighbors need strict policing to\\nmake them amenable to humanity s law. Officers\\nof the calibre of Baden-Powell, over whom the savage\\nlevies of West Africa wept like children, when part-\\ning, are not transformed into wild beasts in South\\nAfrica. The British Tommies who stinted them-\\nselves to feed Prempeh s starving hags and who\\nhave shared bed and supper with wounded Boers do\\nnot change their hearts by a change of coats\\nQueen s uniform or Company s uniform covers the\\nsame men.\\nTo know the American officer, to know the British\\nofficer, enables one to give the lie direct to stories of\\ntheir barbarity, whether in the Philippines or in Africa.\\nI have had unusual opportunities of seeing savagery\\nand cannibalism uprooted by the British. In every\\ninstance it has been effected without harshness,\\noppression, or undue interference. Slavery, fetich\\nordeals, human sacrifice, and wanton killing are rigor-\\nously suppressed. Missionaries and traders are\\nassured protection, and both are great civilizing\\nfactors but after expenditure of blood and money,\\namid vapid talk of covetous and aggressive England,\\nrestrictions are thrown off, every nation has equal\\n32", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Colonizing Traits of the British\\ntrade rights, and in three distinct cases that I per-\\nsonally witnessed, where the British tax-payer paid\\nthe piper, the commercial brightness of Americans\\nenabled them to secure the most valuable concessions,\\nand obtain a monopoly of the trade without a single\\nrestriction. British colonizing is a benefit not only\\nto the colony, but to the civilized world.\\n33", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II\\nA NEW Era in Transvaal History. The TJitlanders.\\nFormation of the National Union. The Raid\\nAND ITS Consequences. The Bloemfontein Con-\\nference. War.\\nWhen in England in 83, President Kruger and his\\ndelegates ran short of funds. A company had just\\nbeen formed in London to prospect for gold in the\\nWitwatersrand. The promoters of the Lisbon-Berlyn\\nGoldfields Ltd. supplied the Boers with cash, in re-\\nturn for promised concessions, and, ere they departed,\\napproached them to determine the status of their\\nminers should their auriferous prognostications be\\nsubstantiated. The delegation secretary, Mr. Ewald\\nEsselen, replied that the President was surprised,\\npained, and made indignant by the inquiry, since at\\nthe convention the rights of strangers were clearly\\nstipulated. The South African republic desired the\\nfullest development of its mineral resources, and it\\nwould extend every inducement to attain that end.\\nThe Rand proved rich in gold from the early\\noutput at Langlaagte vast farms yielded reefs of\\nuntold wealth. The El Dorado attracted thousands\\nof foreigners and millions of capital to develop the\\nmines that the Boers had neither the intelligence nor\\n34", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Boer Corruption Proved\\nthe material to work themselves. Kruger and his\\nsupporters actively preached against the influence of\\nthe godless capitalists in their midst, but they sold\\ntheir land with alacrity to prospectors, at exorbitant\\nfigures, and by imposts and concessions strove to\\ndivert a considerable portion of filthy lucre to their\\nown pockets.\\nMr. Christian Joubert, Minister of Mines, would\\naccept no proposals for exploitation, without a small\\ndonation, and when matters had duly proceeded he\\nintimated that a hitch in Pretoria might be removed\\nby a further little present. Five thousand dollars\\nin the two instalments usually cut the Gordian knot.\\nThe books of most companies projecting on the Rand\\nshow varying sums paid at the outset for the impera-\\ntive bribery of these officials. Lieutenant Eloff, the\\nPresident s son-in-law, and all Kruger s pastoral\\nrelatives became smart concessionnaires, and official\\ncorruption, once impossible with the simple burghers,\\nflourished among other curses of the gold glut.\\nFor proof of corruption in the Transvaal I would\\nrefer the interested reader to the case now pending in\\nthe Tribunal Correctional of Belgium. The case has\\nbeen in the courts since 1895, and Dr. Leyds probably\\nwishes he had compromised to avoid the exposure of\\nhis colleagues at this juncture. Baron Oppenheim,\\nthe Parisian banker, MM. Braconier, Louis Frdres,\\nWarnant, and Terwagne, a syndicate of prominent\\nFranco-Belgian financiers, are ranged against the\\n35", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nTransvaal Government, fighting the question of the\\ncost of the Koomati Poort-Selati Railroad.\\nAmong the expenditures to be proved in court are\\nlarge sums of money, gifts of carriages, costly jewels,\\netc., given to M. F. L. Eloff, the President s son-\\nin-law and private secretary. The late M. N. J.\\nSmit, one time Vice-President, M. E. Bok, Secretary\\nto the Executive, M. C. Van Boeschoten, Secretary\\nof the Volksraad, M. B, H. Klopper, President of the\\nHigh Chamber, and twenty-two out of twenty-four\\nmembers, besides the Vice-President, Du Plessis,\\nDe Beer, Burger, Bezuidenhuit, Van der Merwe\\nStoop, Wolmarans (the vaunted Franklin of the\\nTransvaal, now in the United States seeking inter-\\nvention), Nalan, Prinsloo, Spies, Mar^, Van Harpen,\\nSteenkamp, Lombard, Grobler, De la Ray,Taljaard,Van\\nZuyl, Botha, Beukes, Van Staaden, and Grey ling,\\nthese are the bribe takers who wring their hands over a\\nWar of Capital against Liberty, and for whom the\\nbrave if ignorant burghers are pouring out their blood\\nto-day.\\nBy Article Fourteen of the last convention the\\nBritish Government clearly stipulated the civil and\\ncommercial rights of all foreigners. Any one with\\nintelligent knowledge of the Transvaal will admit\\nthat the republic has gone far outside its agree-\\nment. The of cial reports will show you the promise\\nof equal burgher rights made by Mr. Kruger to Sir\\nEvelyn Wood and Sir Hercules Robinson. In 1882\\n36", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "Apanthropy of the Boer\\na foreigner could obtain full franchise rights after\\nfive years residence. In 1886 the influx of thousands\\nof strangers attracted by the gold rush led the Volks-\\nraad to restrict the franchise, and in 1890 the term of\\nresidence was raised to fifteen years, with additional\\nmanipulative clauses by which the electoral right\\ncould be controlled. By a further amendment, four\\nyears later, full burgher rights were made practically\\nimpossible for the settlers, who now paid ninety-five\\nper cent of the Transvaal revenues, owned nine-\\ntenths of the valuation of property, but had no voice\\nin disbursement or administration.\\nThe only excuse for the ruling of a majority by the\\nvotes of a minority in a so-called republic, from the\\nBoer standpoint, was their natural fear that the for-\\neign element would eventually control, and the an-\\ntipathy felt by the ignorant for those enjoying the\\ninitiative of greater intellectuality. The Boer is a\\nborn apanthrope, and an aversion to the trammels of\\nadvance and commerce doubtlessly actuated the more\\nignorant farmers to support measures that would re-\\nstrict the invasion of their domain. The Hollander\\nofficials were moved by a different motive.\\nCareful inquiry into the Uitlander grievances\\nshows that the franchise question was mooted only\\nwith the hope of securing an amelioration of their\\nconditions by legislation. Early leaders in the move-\\nment were neither financiers nor men of wealth, but\\nthe engineers and artisans upon whom the maladmin-\\n37", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nistration and taxation weighed heavily. Until I\\nvisited South Africa, I sympathized with the Boer\\ndesire to keep the government in their own hands;\\nsuperficial investigation there revealed such a mass\\nof corruption in the Kruger Cabinet, that all trace\\nof sympathy vanished.\\nThe iniquitous native-liquor traffic of the Transvaal\\nis controlled by concessionnaires of Kruger; the\\ntraffickers did not hesitate to murder that gentle\\nEnglish lady, Mrs. Appleby, because, in spite of\\nwarnings, her missionary husband continued to\\ndirect a crusade against their abominations that\\ndemoralize the blacks, and which are prohibited in\\nthe British colonies. There is little doubt that the\\ninstigators of that fiendish crime are known to the\\nsycophant police. The exclusive concession given\\nthe Netherlands Railway Company proves restrictive\\nto commerce; the service is execrable, its charges\\nexorbitant. The Lippert Dynamite concession places\\nthis explosive, so necessary for mining, in the hands\\nof a monopoly that supplies an inferior quality at\\nextravagant rates. Besides the Hatherley Distillery,\\nconcessions controlling the manufacture of articles,\\nfrom powder and cement to the smallest necessaries\\nof life, are held by Kruger s relatives or given as\\nplums to political supporters.\\n$1,250,000 per annum is ostensibly expended\\nfrom the excessive taxation for popular education.\\nYet the English language is proscribed in the schools,\\n38", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "From Penury to Affluence\\nwhicli are mainly sustained by English-speaking\\npeople and attended by their children. The treasury\\nof the Transvaal held but 12 shillings (13.00) in\\n1877 by the industry and intelligence of the Uit-\\nlanders the revenue amounted to \u00c2\u00a33,983,560 in 1898.\\nIn return they are denied common civil rights by the\\nopen policy of Kruger, who follows with striking-\\nminuteness the restrictive methods of Tacon in Cuba,\\nthe control by a favored minority.\\nThe increasing burdens of taxation, the proscrip-\\ntions of the English tongue, the lack of municipal\\nimprovements, sanitation, and police protection led\\nthe masses of hard-working immigrants of the Rand,\\nwho had turned Johannesburg from a dirty village\\ninto a well-built city, to form the National Union in\\n1892, to gain reforms. Thirty-eight thousand non-\\nenfranchised residents, professional men, traders,\\nclerks, engineers, and artisans, of all nationalities,\\nchiefly British subjects and Americans, drew up a\\npetition, begging for relief from their grievances.\\nThe Volksraad rejected it with scorn.\\nThe capitalists and mine-owners, conjured into a\\nbogie by Boer and pro-Boer, fearing agitation would\\naffect the market, discountenanced the reform move-\\nment, and many of the leaders, including Mr. Phillips,\\nwere discharged from British companies for identify-\\ning themselves with the Union. Business must\\nstand before sentiment, was the plea of the financial\\nmagnates. Persons who should know better, urge to\\n39", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthis day that the war is the fault of these godless\\ncapitalists, the men who did most to avert it in the\\nearly stages of the trouble.\\nIn 1895 a second petition was presented to Kruger\\nin person, asking for Representative constitution\\nEquitable franchise laws Equality of the Dutch\\nand English languages as in the British Colonies\\nResponsibility to the Legislature of the heads of all\\ndepartments Independence of the Courts of Justice\\nLiberal educational laws Efficient Civil Service\\nFree trade in the products of the republic (no-\\ntably food stuffs). The President invited the reform\\nleaders to call upon him, and after listening with\\nimpatience to their grievances, he burst forth, Go\\nTell your people I will give them nothing, never\\nalter my policy Go, and let the storm burst A\\nbitter cry against the apathy of the financiers now\\nwas raised the mine-owners and capitalists were\\nforced to declare themselves and with slight hesita-\\ntion they took sides with their employees the re-\\nformers. This is the capitalist bogie.\\nFinding pacific representation futile, denied the\\nright of public meeting, and the public use of the\\nEnglish tongue, free press and free speech proscribed,\\nthe Uitlanders now resolved to gain their ends by a\\ncoup de main. Arms were secretly distributed\\nJohannesburg was to be seized by a general rising,\\nPretoria possibly captured, and a call made for a ple-\\nbiscite of the inhabitants of the Transvaal to found\\n40", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "Taxation Without Representation\\na popular government. The independence of the\\nrepublic was not menaced the movement was to\\nforcibly secure, first municipal reforms, then equal\\nrights. Opposition to taxation without representa-\\ntion and to oppressive tea trusts was the foundation\\nof American Independence. Opposition to taxation\\nwithout representation and to oppressive monopolies\\nprovoked the Uitlanders to contemplate a rising.\\nHad it succeeded, the leader of the movement would\\nhave been the true Washington of the South African\\nrepublics.\\nThe fiasco of the Jameson raid played directly into\\nKruger s hands. It is charged, but without proof,\\nthat the Boer President was privy to the entire move-\\nment, and precipitated the raid for his own ends.\\nThat he knew of the projected rising is certain.\\nWith the Doctor and his raiders as hostages, the\\nBoers were able to secure the entire disarmament of\\nthe Uitlanders, reap a rich harvest in fines, and pose\\nbefore the world as a monument of magnanimity and\\nChristian resignation.\\nI travelled a thousand miles with many of the\\nraiders en route to England, and found that officers\\nand men held the impression that the Uitlander ris-\\ning had taken place, and that they were riding to\\nsave women and children from the horrors of civil\\nstrife. The mystery of the raid will never be\\nknown Mr. Rhodes and Dr. Jameson for their own\\nends had pledged their support to the Reform\\n41", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nLeague, but the border was crossed under an entire\\nmisapprehension.\\nThis abortive attempt to gain reform strengthened\\nthe Boer position and tied the hands of the Colonial\\nOffice. A storm of foreign criticism was stirred up,\\nbut it was surprising to find so great condemnation\\nof the reform movement by Americans, who are\\njustly proud of their forefathers, who adjudged\\nmight less than right when a king laid a pitiful tax\\non them, and who fought the military despotism of\\nSanta Ana for the rights of their own Uitlanders in\\nTexas, adding another star to the flag thereby.\\nDespite the raid it was impossible that the con-\\nditions in the Transvaal could long remain with-\\nout imperial interference. Mr. Gladstone s reason\\nfor practical surrender to rebels in 81 was to free\\nourselves from the predicament of coercing the free\\nsubjects of a republic to accept a citizenship which\\ntheij decline and refuse. That this oligarchy, mis-\\nnomered republic, should eventually control, by a\\nsixteenth-century civilization, a community which\\nin 1890 numbered 80,000, a large proportion British\\nsubjects, was an intolerable condition.\\nThe story of the conflagration you know. You\\nhave heard the thunderings of wiseacres who\\nseemingly are endowed with a prescience that con-\\nstitutes them greater authorities than those di-\\nrectly concerned on either side. Opinions and\\nfacts are frequently in antithesis, and we are all\\n42", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Public Meeting Proscribed\\napt to mistake the one for the other. The posses-\\nsion of a facile pen does not constitute one the\\nsupreme arbiter of a national question. He who\\nreads the Boer Green-Book and the British Blue-\\nBooks and the statements of those intimately con-\\ncerned in the imbroglio, will form a deduction\\nthat ridicules the effusions that have fogged the\\npublic mind with extreme opinions pro-Boer and\\npro-British.\\nOn January 14, 1899, a mass meeting of Uit-\\nlanders for the discussion of municipal evils was\\nroughly dispersed by a commando of armed Boers,\\nseveral Englishmen and at least ten Americans be-\\ning severely beaten, and Uitlander women grossly\\ninsulted. Thenceforth, despite the spies of Kru-\\nger s reptile fmid, secret gatherings were held\\nthroughout the Rand, and the Uitlanders in their\\nthousands formulated a petition to Queen Vic-\\ntoria, praying for relief from their conditions in the\\nTransvaal.\\nSuch an appeal from citizens of the United\\nStates 9r subjects of any representative govern-\\nment could not be ignored. Read the list of sig-\\nnatories, they are not capitalists. Ask them\\nabout their grievances. Converse with American\\nUitlanders, who at least cannot be charged with\\ndesiring the overthrow of a republic for a mon-\\narchy. Here also are Danes, and some intelligent\\nCape Dutch, too. These are not the men to in-\\n43", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ncite war for a phantasm or to agitate, at the risk of\\ntheir positions, against political evils short of op-\\npression; neither are they the type myrmidon to\\ncapitalists and self-seeking promoters. To those\\n40,000 men, war meant ruin, loss of property, and\\ncessation of industry. Would they seek this without\\ngood and sufficient cause? Buttonhole the intelli-\\ngent Irishman from the Rand. He hates England\\nand the English, but he speaks with fine scorn of\\nthe Kruger government, and would sooner enlist\\nas a Queen s Tommy than be colonel of Blake s\\nsans-culottic brigade.\\nI have talked with all these; there are men\\namong them who, for the sake of political prin-\\nciple, have lost the entire proceeds of ten years\\ntoil; their wives and children are facing abject\\npoverty by their side. These earnest fellows will\\nsoon convince you of the justice of the Uitlander\\ncause. It will not blind you to the fact that\\ncapitalists and imperialists have attempted to\\nmake Uitlander necessity their opportunity the\\nraid tells you that.^ But a wise President or a\\ntrue republic would have disarmed their action\\nby liberal concession. The popular voice in the\\nSouth African colonies and at home would have\\naverted aggression. Dr. Leyds and others now\\n1 Mr. Bryce, writing of the raid, says So many non-legal things\\nhare been done in a high-handed way, and so many raids into native\\nterritory made by the Boers themselves, that the respect for legal-\\nity was imperfectly developed (among the plotting Uitlanders).\\n44", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "Uitlanders who Disclaim Oppression\\ncontend that the Uitlanders did not desire fran-\\nchise, and that the bulk were on the side of the\\nrepublic. It is rather remarkable, then, that Mr.\\nKruger did not strengthen his hands by a liberal\\nfranchise, and thus thwart the intervention that\\nhe claims was prompted by the greed of a gang\\nof capitalists.\\nThere were Uitlanders who would disclaim op-\\npression: some have entered the Boer service un-\\nder the terms of full and immediate naturalization\\nand high bounty, others have flocked to the col-\\nonies to live on public charity and wring their\\nhands over the cruel war. They are Jew ped-\\ndlers or Hungarians, Huns, Scandinavians, Bavarians,\\nmine-workers, the submerged tenth in their\\nown countries. They could earn wages on the\\nRand beyond their dreams of avarice. Johannes-\\nburg was their Manoa, and little they recked\\nmunicipal restrictions, foul water, or bad drains.\\nAn American gentlemen from Pretoria told me\\nthat ninety per cent of the Uitlanders who en-\\ntered the Boer service had not the money to leave\\nthe country.\\nSir Alfred Milner, whose parentage and knowledge\\nof Dutch so eminently fitted him for the difficult post\\nhe was called upon to fill, mixed for weeks with the\\nultra Dutch party. The loyalists frowned, but he\\nwas learning the other side before action. Then he\\nsupplemented the Uitlanders petition with a despatch\\n45", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\non May 4, 1899, that revealed such a crisis in South\\nAfrican affairs that his recall would have been cer-\\ntain if the message had not been borne out by facts.\\nThe assertion that the British Government coveted\\nthe possession of the Transvaal is negatived by the\\nutterances of prominent men who were desirous\\nabove all things to maintain peace. Mr. Chamber-\\nlain, charged with inciting the raid, and intent on\\nwar, said in his reply to Sir Ashmead Bartlett; A\\nwar in South Africa would be the most serious that\\ncould be waged. It would be in the nature of a civil\\nwar. To go to war with President Kruger in order\\nto force upon him the reforms would be a\\ncourse of action as immoral as it is unwise. A few\\nweeks later he stated to the House that it was im-\\npossible to expect the President to adopt a wholesale\\nfranchise that would proceed to his own extinction.\\nThese are not the utterances of a man anxious to pro-\\nvoke war.\\nWhen the Bloemfontein Conference was arranged\\nSir Alfred Milner presented Mr. Chamberlain s de-\\nspatch to President Kruger. As we read the views\\nof his political opponents and of antagonistic busy-\\nbodies, the Colonial Secretary s diplomacy assumes\\nan intricacy as confusing as it is incorrect. In the\\nofficial reports, we find involved demands, and replies\\nthat were received with a suspicion which was not\\nunnatural, since the aged President s pen was guided\\nby the hard-working but narrow-minded Dr. Reitz,\\n46", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "A Fair Franchise Demanded\\naided by tlie two inexperienced youthful hotheads,\\nSmuts, State Attorney, and Grobler, the Minister of\\nForeign Affairs. But in the main the British claims\\nwere not exorbitant.\\nRealizing that by dealing with specific grievances,\\nthe concatenation of the Judiciary and Volksraad, the\\ncorruption and bribery of the civil service, and mat-\\nters relative to municipal and political rights (all of\\nwhich constituted the internal policy of the Trans-\\nvaal), difficulties must arise, the High Commissioner\\nwas instructed to suggest that a simplification of the\\nfranchise would constitute a remedy and prove a\\npalladium for the Uitlanders. Overwhelming enfran-\\nchisement was not asked, but the extension of suf-\\nfrage, that the Uitlanders, who outnumbered the\\nBoers, might return representatives for one-fourth of\\nthe first Volksraad, and thus have an opportunity to\\nair and obtain legislation of their grievances.\\nDr. Leyds has since stated that President Kruger\\nnever intended to grant any franchise privileges cer-\\ntainly the concessions he made were coupled with\\nirrelevant conditions that necessarily aroused the\\nsuspicion of crafty British diplomats. Possibly Mr.\\nChamberlain should have accepted every assurance of\\nMr. Kruger in absolute good faith, and equally, then,\\nthe Boer President should have placed implicit trust\\nin the motives of the Colonial Secretary. But simple\\nfaith, if better than Norman blood, is beyond the ken\\nof diplomacy. War was directly due to the recipro-\\n47", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ncal distrust of the belligerent parties a distrust\\ngreatly exaggerated on both sides.\\nIt is not for me to defend the diplomacy of Mr.\\nChamberlain. But the official despatches will show\\nyou that the erraticalness of his despatches did not\\nexceed the incontiguity of the Transvaal replies.\\nPresident Kruger s obdurate insistence on the non-\\nretroactive clause in his first franchise concession, so\\nthat a full franchise period must elapse before reform\\nwould be effected, manifested the spirit dominating\\nhis negotiations. Coupled with the final concession\\nby the Transvaal were three conditions, two of which\\nMr. Chamberlain accepted the third was of a char-^\\nacter that no Power would entertain in its dealings\\nwith another. The vague wording of the British\\nreply would admit doubts as to the character of the\\nfurther note to be broached, but had the war-\\nhating President shown either patience or forbear-\\nance he would have found that the new conditions\\nwere practically the acceptance of nine-tenths of his\\nterms, with reservations that might have been ami-\\ncably arranged.\\nThe legal adviser of the Transvaal, Mr. Farrellj^,\\nwhose interpretation of international law guided the\\nPresident, strongly disapproved of the Boer attitude\\nfrom the outset. In the official memorandum that he\\nprepared on the conference he protested against the\\nprocedure that unjustifiably risks the lives and for-\\ntunes of the burghers and he desired to place on\\n48", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Alarm in the Colonies\\nrecord my strong dissent from the tone and temper\\nof our negotiations with the British government. If\\nit is the steadfast intention of the Republic to precip-\\nitate war, a more direct course could not have been\\nundertaken.\\nWith the Transvaal an armed camp on the unpro-\\ntected borders of a British colony, colonists lived in\\nconstant and not unwarrantable dread of Boer ag-\\ngression. On May 25th the Natal Legislature asked\\nthe imperial government for protective measures but\\nthe Colonial Office denied the need of troops to guard\\nthe frontier. On June 12th the mayors of Kimberley\\nand Mafeking telegraphed the Prime Minister of\\nCape Colony, asking for protection, as the Boers\\nthreatened hostilities. But Mr, Schreiner scouted\\nthe idea of war. On July 26th the Governor cabled\\nto London that the Natal Ministry anxiously re-\\nquested attention to their unprotected colony; but\\nrather than excite the Transvaal Executive, the mes-\\nsage was shelved for further development by Mr.\\nChamberlain, who is now charged with being intent\\non war. On September 2d the Governor of Natal\\non behalf of the colonists cabled the Colonial Secre-\\ntary that the Boers massed on the borders were mak-\\ning open threats of invasion, and again begged for\\nreinforcements to guard the northern portion of the\\ncolony.\\nThen and not until then were troops sent, and\\ntheir tardy despatch, the ostensible cause of the\\n4 49", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwar, was too late to prevent the sacking of half of\\nNatal and of much territory in Cape Colony. The\\ndrafting of Sir George White s command, a tenth of\\nthe armed strength of the Transvaal, was held by\\nPresident Kruger to constitute an open threat of war,\\nand without waiting for the tantalizingly delayed\\nreply that Mr. Chamberlain was formulating, he\\nlaunched an ultimatum that could have but one\\noutcome.\\nWhile England would not have tolerated an in-\\ndefinite prolongation of the Transvaal policy, and a\\nrefusal of reform would have certainly provoked\\narmed intervention, considerable patience had been\\nmanifested. The contention that the country would\\nthink of undertaking a war for the sake of gold\\nmines which were already the property of individuals\\nof several nationalities, and whose output, even under\\na heavy tax, would be exhausted ere a tenth of the\\ncost of the war could be extracted, is too ridiculous\\nto need comment, and the lack of British prepara-\\ntion is the strongest argument against the charge of\\naggression.\\nRead history! Mr. Gladstone had expected that\\nthe Boers would appreciate the generosity of the\\nretrocession of 81 and the unprecedented humanity\\nwhich was willing to forego vengeance for the tar-\\nnished lustre of British arms. Jubilant over their\\neasy victories, the Boers have seen neither generosity\\nnor humanity in this noble peace. Not realizing the\\n50", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Conciliation\\nforce that could have been sent to overwhelm them,\\nthey added bitter contempt to their previous hatred\\nfor the English. They mistook magnanimity for\\nfear. The Premier was later to hear of Joubert s\\nefforts to induce Lobenguela to wipe the stink of\\nthe English from the land. It was not many\\nmonths after his historical act of clemency, which in\\nrepetition lost the Soudan and Gordon, that he was\\nobliged to send a military expedition to force the\\nBoers to keep their agreement. Forgiveness for\\ntrespass does not seem a wise national text. Hosea\\nis right,\\nConciliate it jest means be kicked,\\nNo metter how they phrase an tone it\\nIt means thet we re to set down licked,\\nThat we re poor shots an glad to own it\\nThe restriction of foreign treaties notwithstanding,\\nthe alien ministers of the Transvaal, notably Dr.\\nLeyds, have sustained a continuous series of intrigues\\nwith foreign Powers, intrigues that menaced\\nBritish supremacy in South Africa. Hampered by\\nthe stigma of the Jameson raid, all this was suffered\\nin patience. But some issue was imminent. To the\\nlast, peaceful settlement was hoped for and expected.\\nDespite the ignorance of Boer resources, and the\\nunderrating of their power, the significance of war\\nhad long been appreciated (see ministerial speeches),\\nand if the Government was determined on war can it\\nfor a moment be supposed that such a handful of men\\n51", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwould have been held at the Cape in the face of con-\\ntinual Transvaal menace\\nTalk to the sturdy Natal farmer, the true type of\\nAfrikander, but one who scouts the appellation as\\nhiding the Cape Boer. He has been born and bred\\namong the Boers in his earlier years he witnessed\\nwhat he calls the national humiliation of the Pre-\\ntoria convention he has seen and endured the slurs\\nand contempt engendered by Mr. Gladstone s sur-\\nrender. With his goods looted, his life work de-\\nstroyed, he says not, Why did Chamberlain and\\nRhodes force this war? but rather, Why did not\\nEngland prepare for the inevitable months and\\nyears ago\\nI would sooner abide by the judgment of those\\nmen, who at least have as much right in South Africa\\nas the Boers, than by that of the Chamberlains, Rhodes,\\nSteads, and Morleys, or the many very ignorant,\\nclever persons who have written opinions on the\\nSouth African question and have done much to mis-\\ndirect American opinion.\\nNature has given the Transvaal impregnable de-\\nfences on the borders. Even supposing, from British\\nbluster, that war was inevitable. President Kruger,\\nprofessed Christian and lover of peace, if so pro-\\nfoundly anxious to avert bloodshed, might have\\nmassed his burghers on the impregnable passes lead-\\ning into his country and proved to the world that his\\nmotto was defence rather than defiance. Had Eng-\\n52", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "A Question of Taxation\\nland declared, war, his claim of safeguarding his\\nindependence would then have demanded the sym-\\npathy of all free men. But on the mere supposition\\nthat war was intended, he made it inevitable. He\\ninvoked the aid of the God of battles in preserving\\nhis country, and threw his burghers to loot and\\nplunder across the frontier.\\nTaxation in Switzerland is $5 per capita. In Eng-\\nland it is $15. On the Rand it is |110. There is no\\nspecific fault, however, in the extraction of a high\\nrevenue from a highly waged community, or in the\\nlevy on the Rand gold mines, which in 1897 contrib-\\nuted 16,100 more to the Transvaal revenue than\\nin dividends paying only in one year (1888)\\nslightly more to their shareholders than to the Boer\\nGovernment, though the great steel, sugar, and oil\\ncombines in America would speedily contest similar\\nfinancial legislation. But the entire aspect of the\\ncase is altered by the corruption, maladministration,\\nand lack of representation that prevailed in the\\nTransvaal. Grant against the British Government,\\nif you insist, either the charge of criminality in its\\nlust for the said gold mines, or its idiocy in the con-\\nduct of its negotiations, you cannot obscure the\\nUitlanders wrongs by these extraneous issues.\\nI close my chapter with the words of the United\\nStates representative at the International Peace\\nConference, Captain Mahan, whose Americanism, I\\ntake it, is unquestionable, and who has had oppor-\\n63", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ntunities for judging the case impartially and on its\\nmerits Persons wlio will look carefully into this\\nmatter will find that the Boers doubtless are, in their\\nown opinion, fighting to preserve their own liberty,\\nbut they have been brought into this dilemma be-\\ncause national liberty was in Mr. Kruger s mind\\ninseparably associated with the right of a dominant\\nminority, sole possessors of political power, in other\\nwords, an oligarchy, to oppress a majority, to tax it\\nheavily, and to refuse it representation. The cause\\nof the Uitlanders is in principle identical with that of\\nthe American Revolutionists.\\n54", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Ife-\\nt;", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0y-mm", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "DIFFICULTIES OF CAMPAIGNING IN NATAL VIEW OF COUNTRY THIRTY MILES AROUND LADYSMITH.", "height": "3491", "width": "5262", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0086.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III\\nUnderlying Causes of the War. Afrikanderism.\\nPlausible Arguments for an Afrikander Republic\\nOF South Africa. Annual Expenditure for Arms\\nFROM 1889. The Shadows of War. Opening of\\nHostilities.\\nIn 1881 a certain statesman erected an apparently\\nstaple peace in South Africa. The storm and the\\nfloods of the Uitlander agitation descended and swept\\nit away, and great was the fall thereof; for the foun-\\ndation rested on the seething sands of Afrikanderism.\\nThe superficial causes of the war, developed at\\nBloemfontein, seemed trivial indeed, but a small ful-\\ncrum may accomplish much with a big lever. One\\nmust probe beneath the surface to find the great\\nundermining cause that overthrew the peace of South\\nAfrica.\\nUntil the development of the Witwatersrand mines\\nswelled the Transvaal revenue ten-thousand-fold,\\nPretoria was a sleepy hamlet, the Capitol or Raad-\\nzaal was a thatched barn, floored with mixed clay and\\ncowdung and furnished with rough-hewn benches.\\nThe stores were shanties stocked with pothats, Man-\\nchester and Brummagem Kaffir truck, and the\\ninstitutions of the pastoral dorp simmered in primi-\\ntive simplicity. But as Uitlander capital trans-\\n55", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0089.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nformed the village of Johannesburg into a modern\\ncity, the commercial relationship fostered by traders\\nlike Beckett and Bourke and the proceeds of fat\\nconcessions that awoke new possibilities to the\\nsimple Pretorians transformed the capital into a\\nprosperous city. A handsome Volksraadzaal was\\nconstructed for the government offices, though the\\nlands-vaderen did not include the Bureau of Tele-\\ngraphs in the building, in consideration of the\\nconscience of the older burghers, who deem such\\nimprovements the devil s magic. The erection of a\\nstone Nederduitsch Hervormde church superseded\\nPrinsloo s Wonderboom as the Pretorians wonder of\\nthe world, and caused many of the Doppers to vio-\\nlate the tenth commandment.\\nBut, though villas that would grace Boston s Back\\nBay sprang up in the capital, and Johannesburg,\\nwith a cosmopolitan population that comprised every\\nnationality under the sun, rose a blended Savannah,\\nSan Francisco, and Wall St. district, the lethargic\\nBoers tended farm as of old, and left the Philistines\\nseverely alone. Some of the younger men, tempted\\nby the devil in the guise of Thespis, occasionally\\nhappened into the theatre, during periodic visits to\\nthe great Babylon that had sprung up in their midst,\\nrisking thereby the public denunciation of the predi-\\nhant and elders in their dorp^ and possibly a perma-\\nnent shortening of their inamorata s candle. But in\\nthe main the development of the Rand concerned the\\n56", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0090.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "Characteristics of the Afrikander\\nburghers little beyond the greatly increased market\\nfor their products and the marvellous winkles, after\\nWanamaker, that now tempted the vrouws with\\nstocks of fearful finery, for the purple and fine\\nlinen of the Boer Sabbath.\\nThe ideal of the average Boer is patriarchal to\\ndwell on a vast farm with his wife, and his herd,\\nand his sons, his sons wives, and sons herds. His\\nstyle is simple; constant dealings with the natives\\nhave taught him subtlety, and the frightful environ-\\nment of his early life has developed the sturdy and\\nadmirable side of his very unlovable character. De-\\nspite the Scriptural admonitions for the good treat-\\nment of the stranger, all travellers are townsfolk,\\ntherefore verneukers, swindlers, to be avoided, or if\\npossible misdirected. The Boer is supremely happy\\nif he can successfully send you north when your\\ndesire is to go west, though if you can induce his\\nhospitality, you become nephew, brave the embar-\\nrassing criticism of your aunt, and perhaps some\\nequally frank cousins, and spend a night of misery\\nin the fetid general room.\\nIn speaking of the limitations of the Boer, I have\\nin mind the average South African Dutchman. One\\nretrocedes in judgment with the journey northward,\\nthe progressive and purer Holland type at the Cape,\\nworthy of the progenital Netherlanders, the sturdy\\nbeggars of the sea who emerged from the Span-\\nish fury to sustain the heroic struggle ended by\\n57", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0091.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe Peace of Westphalia, merging gradually but dis-\\ntinctly through the average type, the Free Stater,\\ninto the extreme type of the far Zoutpansberg. Civ-\\nilization may frequently be judged by milestones.\\nI am writing this in the stiff-backed chair of an\\naverage Dutch farm-house, with its slovenly vrouiv,\\na floor of hard, puddled-clay and cowdung, dirt every-\\nwhere, notably on the doodkist, the coffin-cupboard\\nthat mingles death and the staff of life in a Boer\\nhousehold. The farmer, a hard-faced, bewhiskered\\nson of the soil, and religious to a fault, treats his\\nblacks with less donsideration than his dogs, hates\\nthe English like poison, why, he knows not, and is\\nexceeding wrathy with the district missionary who,\\nhe says, will go on beyond, to convert the mon-\\nkeys in the forest when he has done with the Kaffirs.\\nHe is the type of Afrikander who sighs for Dutch\\nSouth Africa, and who has ridden off gladly to face\\nthe despised British army, expecting an easy vic-\\ntory. It is pitiful to realize that these farmers have\\nbeen led to war, to fight, and to die bravely and\\nbravely inflict death, for what in their colossal igno-\\nrance they deem a principle.\\nThe anniversary of the discovery of gold should\\nbe set apart for a day of humiliation throughout\\nSouth Africa. It has attracted to the Transvaal\\nthe vast foreign population with their accompanying\\nvices, and evolved the lust of empire in the once\\nsimple burgher government, attracting alien officials\\n58", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0092.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "Why the Burgher Fought\\nand foreign influences that found easy prey in the\\nsimple farmers. Take any Boer prisoner ask him\\nwhy he fought. He will sullenly inform you that\\nthe British wanted to run his government, and reduce\\nhim to the level of the black. Since the whole of\\nSouth Africa was Taal by Divine right, the time had\\ncome to expel the rooibaatjes. The verdomde Cape\\nAfrikanders were sad cowards, and had not fought,\\nbut AUemachter the Boers must win. Many sol-\\ndiers had been killed, and the English army would\\nsoon shreck, to be shot down like Kaffirs or vilder-\\nbeeste. Vaderlandshefde is strong in the Boer heart,\\nbut he has been led to fight also for the vast grazing\\nfarms that could be seized from the English with\\nlittle danger to life or limb.\\nThe Jonkherrs of the Volksraad generally repre-\\nsent the progressive type of burgher; they have not\\nprecipitated the long contemplated war without care-\\nful survey of the conditions. A programme which\\nhad been studied throughout Afrikanderdom and\\ndeluded many an intelligent Bond member at the\\nCape, had been prepared by Steyn and others, who\\nthought they knew their England. The growth of\\nsocialism and strikes, the increasing power of the\\nBritish working-man was twisted into the contention\\nthat the masses would refuse the taxation necessary\\nto prosecute a war in South Africa. Utterances of\\nthe Irish Nationalists and other rabid Little Eng-\\nlanders showed that a war would be promptly\\n59", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0093.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nended by a second Majuba, with conditions that\\nspelt the evacuation, perhaps, of Natal or to the Cape.\\nNaturally the gold mines would induce greater\\nimperial effort than in 81. but if a mere handful of\\nburghers without money, then won victories, the ele-\\nments of success were ten-thousand-fold greater with\\nthe three hundred thousand Afrikanders who were\\nto rise simultaneously in the republics and colonies\\nand face the British with modern rifles, the new-\\nfangled but useful artillery, and unlimited gold that\\ncould be mined and coined at will. The British\\ngovernment would not dare remove soldiers from\\nIreland, Egypt, or India; the French element would\\nnegative Canadian action. Thus the force that could\\nbe sent out would be easily outmatched by Afri-\\nkanders, for in 81 thirty British fell for each\\nburgher wounded.\\nGerman jealousy, French hatred, either would\\ndebar the employment of reserves, militia, or vol-\\nunteers on foreign service; besides, early reverses\\nin Africa would prove the end of European tolera-\\ntion of hated England, and a great European alliance\\nwould complete the humiliation which the Afri-\\nkanders had begun. The rottenness of royalty and\\nsociety had undermined the morale of navy and army,\\nthe ranks were filled with the scum of the cities,\\nweedy striplings, diseased and without stamina to\\nfight. The Cabinet and the official world was domi-\\nnated by party and personal jealousy and corruption.\\n60", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0094.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "Boer Tabulation of British Weakness\\nThe British colonies were a drain rather than an arm\\nof strength many would probably declare their inde-\\npendence in the day of imperial embarrassment.\\nBy copious extracts from writings and speeches of\\ncranks and alarmists, statistical proofs of the decline\\nof British supremacy from current reviews, speeches\\nof Irish agitators in New York, and cuttings from\\nthe Pere Duchene gutter rags of Paris, that reviled\\nthe Yankee deliverer of Cuba, and now expended\\ntheir vile balderdash against perjide Albion, braced\\nwith pertinent texts of Philistines, Naboth s vine-\\nyard, and Gomorrah, the British Empire was proved\\nto be stable as a house of cards. Mene! Tekel!\\nPeres\\nIt is instructive to note that among the revised quo-\\ntations were selections from articles by Mr. Arnold\\nWhite, and the labor prognostications of Mr. Arnold\\nFoster, who foretold and advised British working-\\nmen to take advantage of the war, if it were forced,\\nby extensive strikes but even the Radical working-\\nmen, the locofocos, proved loyal, unwittingly dis-\\nproving the estimative faculty of the Boers, who\\nheld them as a great arm of strength.\\nThe potwolloping stemmers of the Transvaal needed\\nno such arguments to convince them; they had\\ntaken their pap with a hatchet, and were with-\\nout fear or reason, but even the most enlightened\\nFree Staters were misled by the easy possibilities of\\nthe zelfstandigheid of South Africa. We have it on the\\n61", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0095.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nauthority of Mr. Theodore Schreiner, brother to the\\nauthoress and Preraier, that Dr. Reitz, ere the ink\\nof the Pretorian convention was dry, acknowledged\\nthat Afrikanders would actively propagandize until\\nthey forced the extension of that magnanimity to the\\nCape. Kruger has repeated the same thing, and the\\nmore liberal Joubert, who held that many Uitlanders,\\nif franchised, would strengthen the republic, has\\never been desirous of sweeping the English from\\nSouth Africa, wiping out their stink, as he euphon-\\niously put it.\\nThe Jameson raid,^ and the machinations of capi-\\n1 By utterances in pulpit, platforna, and press it is evident that\\nmany well informed people trace every cause of the war to the raid,\\nwhich they commonly designate as Ehodes attempt to seize the\\nTransvaal. Bryce, who was compiling history on the Band when\\nthe trouble was at its height, says: It is hardly necessary to point\\nout the absurdity of the suggestion that the Chartered Company in-\\ntended to seize the Transvaal for itself. It was for self-government\\nthe insurgent Uitlanders were to rise. As an authority on South\\nAfrica no one is better known perhaps in the United States than this\\nhistorian. But unfortunately, after proving the case against Kru-\\ngerism to the hilt, impartially outlining the ideals and grievances of\\nthe Uitlanders, and dealing with the Boer government with no gen-\\ntle hand in Impressions of South Africa, we turn to him in the\\npresent juncture to discover a political bias dominating his pen.\\nIn his arraignment of Mr. Chamberlain, he ignores much that he\\nhas previously written, and makes a main contention of the fact\\nthat Kruger is old Chamberlain and the Uitlanders should have\\nwaited until he died or the latter grew strong enough numerically\\nto strike the blow for their own freedom. If the North American\\ncolonists had meekly submitted to imposition until George III.\\nshould have died, history would now be different. Patience and\\nprogression are not synonymous.\\nWe cannot overlook also that the negotiations were opened\\npeacefully as a means of averting civil war, inevitable if the intol-\\n62", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0096.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "The Ideal of the Taal\\ntalists must not obscure our vision of underlying\\ncauses that made hostilities in South Africa inevita-\\nble within the next decade. To those who lay entire\\nonus of the war on the Colonial Secretary, and trace\\nall evils to the door of the above, I would submit\\nthe early files of De Patriot^ the great Taal organ\\nof South Africa, the mouthpiece of the Afrikander\\nparty in the colonies. The magnanimous peace of\\nMajuba evoked the following effusion:\\nThe Transvaal war is over and we now sing praises to\\nGod for the deliverance of our brethren and the restoration\\nof a pure and righteous government. God s hand has\\nbeen never so visible in the history of our people since the\\ndays of Israel. Fear from God make the English soldiers\\npowerless, and proud England was forced to give up the land\\nafter she was repeatedly beaten by a handful of Boers, God\\ngiving a marvellous victory without losses to his people.\\nThe Afrikanders have now time and opportunity to\\ndevelop themselves as a people. England has gained so\\nmuch respect for us Afrikanders that she will never dare\\nto make war on us again; and what the Transvaal has\\ngained, so can we gain for all South Africa, for we have\\nnow no fear of English soldiers or their cannon.\\nDr. Reitz, E. Borckenhagen, who inspired the\\nabove article, and Rev. J. S. du Toit then founded\\nthe Afrikander Bond, whose avowed object was to\\nerable legislation of the Transvaal were persisted in. And even if\\nKruger s motives were unjustly mistrusted by the British, all might\\nhave ended peaceably had not the burghers clamored for war from\\nMay onward, and finally rendered it inevitable.\\n63", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0097.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nexpel the British race from South Africa. The\\nfollowing were the ideals of this marvellous organi-\\nzation of all Afrikanders, from Cape to Zambesi.\\nYou will note that their references are directed\\nto the British colonies, which they claimed for\\nAf rikanderdom\\nThe government of England talks of the confederation\\nof all the States in their colonies here under the British\\nflag. There is one fault in that confederation that will\\nmake it impossible, for we will never permit it it is\\nthat flag. Our aim will be to insist on Froude s ad-\\nvice Simon s Bay for the British to refit on the voyage\\nto India, and nothing more. We have seen what stu-\\npendous results we gained from the Transvaal war. Now\\nwe must not relax our efforts. It is we Afrikanders under\\nor they under.\\nThese English come to South Africa and open hotels,\\ncanteens, and stores. The stores are our dangerous enemy,\\nfor our people are attracted thereby, and they buy, buy till\\nthey are half ruined. This money is used to support\\nEnglish papers and English schools, and we say plainly it\\nis the duty of the true Afrikander to buy nothing from an\\nEnglishman nor from one who advertises in English news-\\npapers. Where there is no offal there are no vultures.\\nThe English rob us with their stores and banks. The\\nFree State has its own National bank. Let not the\\nTransvaal follow alone, but let the colonies establish\\nAfrikander banks to further displace these English. We\\nmust also learn to make our own munitions of war. The\\nrepublics must do this for us for all Afrikanders. We\\n64", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0098.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "What the Bond Outlined\\ndo not fear the reds (soldiers). They will never dare face\\nAfrikanders again after Majuba. But we must have can-\\nnon and cartridges and artillery held in the Transvaal and\\nin the Free State. Let us take a little time and we\\nwill develop our nationality.\\nEnglish vultures in the towns will soon be forced to\\ndepart, but it is the English settlers who buy land that we\\nmust fear. They come here to stay. Afrikanders, you\\nmust not sell your land to Englishmen. We own the big\\nranches. The English colonist is a jingo, and he will sacri-\\nfice our land and our people to England and English ideas.\\nThe English language has unjustly protruded itself\\nover our whole country the gibberish of the rooineks\\nforces its way into our houses and our churches.\\nBesides the English soakers (hotel keepers), robbers,\\n(traders), reds (soldiers), there are the bluffers, English\\nand Anglified schoolmasters, who teach our children that\\nthe English tongue is the finest, whereas it is a miscel-\\nlaneous gibberish that English history is inter-\\nesting and glorious, instead of a string of lies that the\\ngeography of England is chief, when it is but a North\\nSea Island; that English literature is the best,\\nwhen (with exceptions) it is a great mass of nonsense.\\nThese bluffers are most dangerous to us, for they work\\nunobtrusively. We must have no English in our par-\\nliament, courts, public offices, railways. In our religion\\nwe must not let that language intrude. Anglified preach-\\ners smuggle in the language. Therefore war against it in\\nour church.\\nFor the schools for our girls the English lead. We\\nmust establish Afrikander schools for our children, for by\\n5 65", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0099.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nAnglifying our daughters tliey infect family life. The\\nEnglish, notion that women are to have high education is\\ninsane, unscriptural, house-corrupting, home-corrupting.\\nThese schools for girls must be banished from our land.\\nThe Huguenot schools are corrupting our daughters with\\neducation that their parents do not understand. Keep\\nyour houses pure from this high English education.\\nThe avowed intention of the Bond was to erect an\\nAfrikander nation to offset the Anglo Saxon supe-\\nriority in North America, and as the Dutch had been\\nsubmerged there, Hollanders were asked to join their\\nhybrid South African brothers in their retrogres-\\nsive ideals. But civilization would have no such\\ntrammels. Despite the Bond, Afrikanders adopted\\nmodern ideas, introduced by the influx of British\\nsettlers, and, to the disgust of Reitz and his rabid\\nprototypes, the more progressive Dutch colonials have\\nrecognized that the future of South Africa must be\\nshaped by the liberal colonial policy of Greater Brit-\\nain. When it came to the crucial test, to the chagrin\\nof the ultra Bondites, colonial Afrikanders in majority\\nremained loyal. The later generations have proved\\ntrue British subjects, and the roster of the colonial\\nvolunteers now at the front contains an astonish-\\ning number of Dutch names of men fighting to free\\nSouth Africa from a retrograde dominance.\\nDutch paramountcy could not have become a dan-\\ngerous issue for years probably it would never have\\nbecome an active factor but for the geological acci-\\n6Q", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0100.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "The Arming of the Transvaal\\ndent of gold in the Transvaal. The Boers were the\\nmost bitter Afrikanders; gold meant revenue for\\nnew rifles for every burgher, and the Free State\\nallies, and for all Afrikanders, when the time should\\ncome for them to arm. It seemed a Divine provision\\nfor victory, this fabulous wealth. The friction over\\nthe Uitlander grievances and distrust of Rhodes and\\nChamberlain were only incentives, the extra strain\\nto overreach breaking-point. A red rag is not dan-\\ngerous unless waved at a bull, and the diplomatic\\nfriction at Bloemfontein could not have caused war\\nunder normal conditions.\\nThe pitiful exegesis of the Afrikander leaders de-\\nluded Kruger s ignorant subjects; they overrated\\nthe racial instincts and underrated the loyalty of the\\nCape Dutch; and when prosperity dawned in the\\nTransvaal, the projected armaments were started,\\nuntil they assumed gigantic proportions. Mauser\\nrifles, Creusot guns, and trained German gunners\\nwere necessary neither for defence nor aggression\\nagainst native tribes or unarmed Uitlanders. Long\\nbefore the raid the Transvaal was arming, and, prac-\\ntically surrounded by British territory, the stupen-\\ndous increase of armaments was either for offence or\\ndefence against Great Britain.\\nThe raid took place at the dawn of 1896. But in\\n1886 Nellmapius, the indicted but never sentenced\\nembezzler, established the official gunpowder fac-\\ntory in the Transvaal, In 1888, when revenue com-\\n67", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0101.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nmenced to pour in, large orders for arms were placed\\nin Europe. In 1893 enough money had been\\ndiverted from Uitlanders to justify preparations for\\nthe fortification of Pretoria and Johannesburg. Dr.\\nLeyds scoured Germany for trained gunners; one\\nofficer enlisted by his efforts, who served later for\\nlove of the republic, had been dismissed the Ger-\\nman army for killing a mechanic who accident-\\nally kicked his chair. The forts were started in\\n1894, when the Staats Artillery was mobilized. One\\nhundred and fifty thousand rifles and millions of car-\\ntridges were imported from the Mauser Company and\\nEngland, and distributed throughout the republics.\\nBefore the raid, orders for heavy guns had been\\nplaced with Krupp and Le Creusot, and Maxims im-\\nported. Fearful that the war would be precipitated\\nby complications following the raid, and in the ex-\\npectancy of a backing by Germany in 1896 and 1897,\\ngreater sums were expended than in previous years.\\nThe official figures of the Don Juan Nepomuceno\\nde Burionagonatotorecagageazcoecha of the Transvaal\\nare complicated and difficult of access, but the mili-\\ntary expenditures of the peace-loving republic were\\nover $400,000 in 1889, considerably more than half\\nthat sum in 1890, and in exact figures,\\n\u00c2\u00a3117,927 in 1891 \u00c2\u00a387,308 in 1895\\n29,750 1892 495,818 1896\\n22,470 1893 396,384 1897\\n28,153 1894 217,839 1898\\n68", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0102.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "The Free State Allied\\nIt is interesting to note that these sums, enor-\\nmous for a country boasting a $3 treasury a few-\\nyears previously, were expended in their entirety for\\narms and equipment. The cost of the fortifications\\nwas charged to Public Works. The salaries of mer-\\ncenaries were paid from the Secret Service fund or\\nby departments to which they were attached.\\nOf the Orange Free State one hesitates to speak.\\nIt seems incredible that the kindly and intelligent\\nPresident would imperil the national existence of his\\npeople for mere bonds of kinship with the neighbor-\\ning State that has never proved true ally or friend.\\nThe Free State had none of the animosities that\\ndominated the Transvaal, and no ground for com-\\nplaint in the freedom and scope of its constitution,\\nwhich the Uitlanders have ever held as a model for\\nPresident Kruger. The hundreds of Free Staters\\nwho left their country rather than support the vagary\\nof their rulers, say that President Steyn and his sup-\\nporters cherished the ideal of Afrikander, i. Boer\\nSouth Africa, and after a careful study of the con-\\nditions and possibilities, when some thirty thousand\\nrifles had been distributed among the ultra Dutch\\nin the colonies he resolved to risk all in a bid for\\nAfrikander empire. His appeal to Dutch British\\nsubjects was printed and distributed ere the ultima-\\ntum expired, and bitter was his disappointment that\\nthe Cape burghers remained loyal to the flag that gave\\nthem a control as free as a republic.\\n69", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0103.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nHe has lost the respect of his warmest admirers by\\nthe ridiculous lies that he has spread to encourage\\nhis burghers in days of reverse. He first declared\\nthat the Continental Powers were about to intervene,\\nthen that Russia had seized India, that the United\\nStates was certain to intervene eventually, and finally\\nthat an Irish revolt was about to recall the army.\\nCertainly his own burghers of the Frazer party\\nhad no sympathy with his aspirations. Some are\\nfighting unwillingly, hundreds deserted when the\\nBritish advanced, and many, branded as traitors, fled\\nwhen war was declared, to live doggo in Cape Colony.\\nHere, too. President Steyn sent his wife and daugh-\\nters for safety at the outbreak of war; safety in the\\nenemy s country at Swellendam, but eighteen miles\\nfrom Cape Town; security under the British flag,\\nwhile under the vier-kleur British women have been\\ndriven forth to perish on the veldt unless their\\nstrength and resolution sustained them to a British\\ngarrison.\\nBut for the cautious influence of Steyn, who\\napparently wished for further manifestations from\\nthe Cape Dutch before risking his country, and\\nwas somewhat restrained by the large Free State\\npeace party, war would have been declared months\\nearlier. The despatch of reinforcements precipitated\\nwhat prudence had advised to delay for further prep-\\narations, and the republics declared war to win or lose\\nall in the game of supremacy.\\n70", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0104.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "The Exodus from the Rand\\nThe meetings held at the Paarde Kraal moimment\\nand other points, in June, proved the warlike spirit\\nthat had been infused into the burghers. In the\\nTransvaal, war was the main topic, and in July,\\nwhen fighting seemed preposterous to outsiders, hun-\\ndreds of Uitlanders removed their families from the\\nRand. Arrogance and intolerance of things British\\ngrew with the martial spirit, and numerous instances\\nof brutality were reported. In August the open\\nthreats of the Boers swelled the steady exodus into\\na rush that became a mad panic in September, and\\nspread to the border towns exposed to the threatened\\ninvasion.\\nAs commando after commando was hurried to the\\nborder, in committal of the initial sin charged against\\nthe imperial government, thousands of Uitlanders\\nbarricaded their stores and houses, and started for\\nBritish territory. The inevitable sufferings of these\\nrefugees, exaggerated by the excitement and fear of\\nthe moment, were greatly augmented by the crass\\nbrutality of the Boers. Mr. Schreiner has officially\\ndenied that these outrages were perpetrated. Rabid\\ncolonial loyalists say that he was too busy mollify-\\ning his Bond supporters by securing the neutrality of\\nBritish South Africa in a British war, to attend to\\nsuch matters.\\nI can only state facts as I learned them from the\\nrefugees themselves, plain British women, typical\\nmothers of the nation. The Boer lout is by no\\n71", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0105.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nmeans a Benbow, and he knows his Old Testa-\\nment well. It was not the roughs alone who boasted\\nof the comely woman for each warrior, and the\\nrooineJcs into the sea. Martial law from the Book\\nof Numbers was frequently quoted at commando\\nmeetings by jonkherrs and Dopper leaders, and there\\nare some Boers who fain would have treated the\\nBritish in Cape Colony as Israel treated the Midian-\\nites, as a policy consistent with their belief.\\nMen, women, and children, in the early days of\\nOctober, were crowded into seatless coal and cattle\\ntrucks, the latter Augean stables, and sent over the\\nfrontier. On both Cape and Natal journeys Boers\\ngathered at the wayside stations, baiting the refugees\\nbeing a regular diversion for the burghers. Mr.\\nLangham, a Reformist who ventured to the station\\nwhen the Krugersdorp commando was entraining,\\nwas kicked, beaten, and mortally injured. At Vil-\\njoen s Drift rude official searches were made, at\\nPaarde Kraal ladies were kissed, and told to prepare\\nfor Boer paramours; at Kroonstaad a Scotch lady\\nwho resented an insult was struck in the face. On\\nat least three trains, fathers who ventured from the\\nstation to buy milk for their famished children were\\ndriven back to the cars by the sjamboks of mounted\\nburghers several bore bleeding weals on their faces.\\nA father who protested that his child would die, was\\nassured, with a slash, that it would be one more\\nrooineh in hell. An American was beaten and\\n72", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0106.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "Outrages on Refugees\\nkicked, the Z. A. R. Police pushing their revolvers\\nin his face when he demanded protection.\\nOn October 1st at Machadodorp, at other points\\nat other times, all male passengers were forced to\\nremain bareheaded in the presence of waiting com-\\nmandoes. Those who declined to comply were\\ndragged to the platform and beaten and kicked;\\ntwo Englishmen, whose names I withhold by re-\\nquest, bore the marks of their treatment. I con-\\nversed with several refugees who showed bruises and\\nweals to confirm their statements. A woman from\\nGrantham stated that her child of two stared fear-\\nlessly at an insulting burgher, who snatched the girl\\nfrom her lap, a comrade pointing a gun at the child s\\nhead. The distracted mother s appeals caused in-\\ntense amusement to the crowd, and no one to-day\\ncan persuade her that they did not intend murder.\\nA Boer officer shouted jocularly, Give the child\\nback; let it grow to bear rooinehs for us to kill.\\nAn Irish sister of charity, protesting, was silenced\\nby a lusty Boer who spat in her face. A shower\\nof stones followed the train, several people being\\ninjured.\\nSeparated from their husbands, who were held back\\nfor night trains, several English ladies were crowded\\nin open trucks with miners and drunken roughs,\\nunable to obtain food or change their position for\\nforty-eight hours. The frights and excitement pro-\\nduced unnatural conditions on several trains. Two\\n73", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0107.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwomen died on reaching the frontier, and several\\nsmall occupants were added to the cars en route.\\nIndividual officers went through some of the cars,\\nexamining the cash of the refugees. Small sums\\nwere returned, but many who were taking out their\\nsavings had the entire amount commandeered, save a\\npound or two allowed for incidentals.\\nAll this I know was the work of the lowest type\\nof Boer, but the police who enjoyed the jokes\\nrepresented the law and order of the republic.\\nRepresentative Boers also incited such actions by\\ntheir speeches, and frequently encouraged them by\\ntheir acclamations. To the limitations of the minds\\nof the South African Dutch, no real harm was in-\\ntended. But the extreme type of Brother Boer,\\nMr. Lacy, who should know him well enough to\\nspeak with authority says, is the craftiest, most\\nhypocritical, most untruthful, cruellest, most igno-\\nrant, most overbearing, most stupid race of whites\\nin the world. A heavy indictment indeed, with\\nmany vigorous exceptions.\\nSince ninety thousand fugitives left the Rand\\nduring the last days rush, a large proportion of\\nthem penniless, Durban, Cape Town, and many in-\\ntermediate places on the railroads were soon crowded\\nwith destitute Uitlanders of every race. The Rand\\nRelief Committee had disbursed $100,000 during the\\nfirst week in October, and local committees worked\\nnight and day in providing for the needy, though all\\n74", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0108.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "ss;", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0109.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0110.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "Relief of Refugees\\nresources were taxed to the utmost. It was pitiful\\nto witness the acute despondency in the sad, strained\\nfaces of the British women and children, as train\\nafter train deposited its heavy freight of homeless\\nand helpless innocent beyond the borders.\\nMothers almost denuded themselves to shield their\\nyoung ones from the chill rains, but as they sat\\namong the bundles of their sole remaining posses-\\nsions, few asked for charity; despite their sorrow\\nand suffering, all wanted work. Though small-pox\\nbroke out among some of the refugees, the colonists,\\nheedless of the danger, threw open their houses to\\nthe women and children, and the very poorest offered\\nlodging or food according to their ability. Bureaus\\nalso arranged systematized relief, applicants receiv-\\ning in accordance to their needs, and paying to suit\\ntheir means. Many of the Dutch co-operated with\\nthe British in relieving war s favorite victims, though\\nin Cape Town, certain of their religious bodies showed\\nno disposition to aid the work and I found some Mrs.\\nJellybys, lights of liberality in their synod, refusing\\nto help the women and children of the Uitlanders,\\nwho deserved their fate for causing the war.\\nAmericans, Europeans, from Russians to Polish\\nJews, coolies and negroes, all were helped in turn.\\nMany male British subjects, and a number of the\\nAmericans joined the colonial irregulars; the mis-\\ncellaneous crowd found employment in extensive\\nrelief-works.\\n75", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0111.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nMultitudinous Chinese storekeepers had suffered\\nseverely, since, to evade the Transvaal prohibition\\nagainst their holding property, they had traded under\\nthe names of British brokers, and had their stocks\\ncommandeered in consequence. The numerous Hin-\\ndoo traders also were robbed and severely maltreated\\nere they crossed the borders, three of their women\\nbeing stripped naked by one commando, with the\\njeering excuse that they were no better than niggers,\\nand clothes were unnecessary.\\n76", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0112.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV\\nWab. Invasion of the Colonies. The Battle\\nOF Dundee.\\nOn October 2 the Volksraad was prorogued in\\nPretoria. President Kruger in addressing the mem-\\nbers said that everything pointed to war. The\\nBoers need fear nothing thousands would come to\\nattack them; but the Lord was on their side, and\\nthey would prevail. Thousands of bullets were\\nfired by Jameson s men, but the burghers were un-\\ntouched, while 100 [sic] on the other side were\\nkilled by Boer bullets directed by God. Other\\nmembers spoke, many with evident sincerity, be-\\nlieving their cause righteous and their country\\nmenaced.\\nState Secretary Reitz had long since composed\\nthe ultimatum to force the war he had thought of\\nso long: the war for his ideal. He had jumped\\nfrom the Presidential chair of the Free State to\\ntake up the State Secretary s portfolio in the more\\nwealthy Transvaal; he had slaved night and day,\\nhonestly believing in the Divine guidance of his\\npolicy, and now war was here. With young\\nSmuts, still in his salad days, and with not too\\n77", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0113.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nsavory a reputation, bolstered up as State Attorney\\nGrobler pitchforked in the secretaryship of Foreign\\nAffairs by the concessionnaire Mendelssohn the ques-\\ntionable Smit; Tosen, with name besmirched in a\\nmatrimonial suit Gillingham, the Irish renegade\\nVoltter, Schiel, and a score others of the young\\nBoer party, the Transvaal Tammany that has run\\nthe corrupt government of the simple Boers, with\\nthe Uitlanders as prey for spoils, who can wonder\\nthat war came?\\nLook carefully at these individuals, chiefly hire-\\nlings and mercenaries You will perceive the\\nfallacy of the syllogistic eulogies that place the\\nrepublic in a religious halo, because of the God-\\nfearing characteristics of individual Boers. It is\\nsaid that a conscience could not exist in Pre-\\ntoria; certainly men of the calibre of Chief Justice\\nKotze and Judge Ameshoff, the one dismissed,\\nthe other forced to resign, because they would\\nnot adopt the travesty of justice enforced by\\nthe President, could have no place in the Kruger\\nregime.\\nJoubert, the liberal and incorruptible patriot Jeppe,\\nwho, in an arraignment of the franchise policy in the\\nVolksraad, asked the President, Old as the world\\nis, has any attempt like ours ever succeeded for\\nlong and warned him to enfranchise the Uitlanders\\nor lose the republic; Jan Barnard, the Uitlanders\\nfriend, who to the last deplored the Krugerism that\\n78", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0114.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "Een Draght Maakt Magt\\nprecipitated war, but was one of the first to die\\nfigliting bravely for his country, these were the\\ntype of Boers who would have reared and perma-\\nnently sustained a progressive republic, had not the\\nparty they represented been held out of power by\\nscheming monopolists whose strenuous and unscru-\\npulous efforts secured only a narrow majority for\\nthe Kruger party.\\nEen draght maaht magt is the Boer motto, but\\nMoney makes might and right would not\\nbe inappropriate. The Christian resignation of\\nKruger s esoteric advisers is obvious hypocrisy, not\\nto say blasphemy; and without direct comparisons,\\nthe public worship of the bloody Weyler Camarilla\\nmight have equally demanded the sympathy of\\nChristian nations for Spain. Corruption in Pretoria\\nAvas no worse perhaps than in certain other and\\ngreater cities, but that is no reason for its tolerance\\nby a vote-tied majority.\\nThe commandoes were rapidly mobilized, for\\nthough the Transvaal was not an absolute embodi-\\nment of Carlyle s ideal, a nation drilled and exer-\\ncised as one vast army, the very simplicity of the\\nmilitary system, possible from the inherent traits\\nof the bucolic burghers, permitted facile concentra-\\ntion. Prepared for eventualities, on the call to\\narms the Boers had but to saddle their horses, don\\nrifle, bandolier, and blanket, and ride to the district\\nmuster. Each burgher carried a supply of Ultong^\\n79", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0115.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nand was ready for the field, though in many cases\\nthe devoted women followed the commandoes in\\nwagons filled with such simple luxuries as they\\npossessed. Each commando moved off with the\\nprayers and blessings of the vrouws. Like the\\nSpartan women of old, there were few tears shed\\nby either the ponderous tantes or the young nichtjes.\\nThey sent their husbands and lovers forth to return\\nvictors or die on the field.\\nBy train and road, a strong force of Boers gath-\\nered at Volksrust and Wakkerstroom, ready to act\\nin their old theatre of war at Laing s Nek. Other\\nforces prepared to invade Natal by the drifts on\\nthe Buffalo River. The northwestern commandoes\\nmoved toward the Rhodesian frontier, and also occu-\\npied Komati Poort, commanding the Delagoa Bay\\nrailroad, in anticipation of cession of Portuguese\\nterritory to Great Britain. Snyman and De la E.ey\\nlaagered with Cronje at Bultfonteiu, ready to operate\\nagainst Mafeking and Kimberley. The Free Staters\\nmoved strong commandoes to the main Drakensberg\\npasses leading into Natal, and mixed forces marched\\nto the borders toward Kimberley.\\nA careful estimate of the Boer army at the out-\\nbreak of hostilities gives the strength of the com-\\nbined republics at 70,000 men. After the first\\nmonth of war I compiled the following estimate\\nfrom data given me by Afrikanders connected with\\nthe republic\\n80", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0116.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "The Armies of the Republics\\nTransvaal official return, 1895 30,000\\nNatural increase of burghers, 1895 to 1899 3,000\\nMercenary troops and Uitlanders siding with.\\nBoers 4,600\\nHollanders, Cape Dutch, and foreigners\\nnaturalized, 1895 to 1899 3,000\\nFree State official burgher returns 27,500\\nForeigners, etc 2,000\\nCape Dutch rebels 6,000\\nGrand total 76,100\\nThe simple, home-loving burghers rode forth to\\nbattle, blindly breathing threats against Cecil Rhodes,\\nChamberlain, and Frank Eyes (Franchise). This last\\nwas to be shot on sight (Fraiik Byes sal wij skijf), for\\nlie had caused much trouble. God help those deluded\\nfarmers willing victims of the scheming of Pretoria s\\nContinental toadies\\nIn Johannesburg business was at a standstill, and\\nsixty-eight out of eighty mines were closed down.\\nThe sweepings of the city, the roughugies.^ schlenter\\ndealers, and thieves of the mining camps were ex-\\npelled by the last trains. Three hundred French,\\nGerman, and Swiss were enrolled as police, the\\nColin Tampon s doing very efficient work in this\\nrespect. The revelations made by these foreigners\\nas to the condition of the Transvaal native prisoners\\nmake one shudder. Other foreigners joined the mer-\\ncenaries, soldiers of fortune officering contingents of\\ntheir respective countries.\\n6 81", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0117.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nThe Z. A. R. Police under Van Dam and Schutte\\nwent to fight of their own volition. The guns of the\\nHospital Hill fort were sent to the front, but a garri-\\nson was retained there under Van Dalwig.\\nUnder the guise of commandeering food-stuffs the\\nhomes of the Uitlanders were broken open and\\nplundered; even Olive Schreiner s Transvaal resi-\\ndence was ransacked, and a valuable library flung\\noutside as superfluous.\\nIn Pretoria the officials were all at the front, the\\npublic offices being filled by friendly foreigners. The\\nKrijgsraad directed active operations under the\\nPresident s watchful eye. He professed that the war\\nmust be conducted in accordance with the Bible,\\nwhich had guided all their actions, though he over-\\nlooked the fact that his obedience of Leviticus\\nxix. 34, But the stranger that dwelleth with\\nyou shall be as one born among you, and thou\\nshalt love him as thyself, or the thrice reiterated\\ncommand, One law for the stranger and thyself,\\nwould have precluded war. God helps those who\\nhelp themselves, he said during his spiritual ad-\\nmonition on October 4th, and though a week be-\\nfore war the mail train was stopped at Vereeniging,\\nthe government confiscating $4,000,000 in specie,\\nas the property of the AduUamite Uitlanders. Later\\nthe Executive commandeered the Robinson and\\nBonanza mines, and despite the protest of M. Colom-\\nmer, French vice-consul, on behalf of French share-\\n82", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0118.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "The Shadow of War\\nholders, the output of the richest mines of the Rand\\nwas speedily turned into gold currency in the Trans-\\nvaal mint, creating the unprecedented condition of a\\ncountry able to keep its treasury filled by a direct\\nsupply of bullion.\\nThe foreign consuls met at the Italian Charg^\\nd Affaires I have heard that Mr. Macrum, the\\nAmerican representative, was not ahsohxtely jpersona\\ngrata there; this may account for his vagarious\\nactions, though his successor has not encountered\\nsimilar opposition. Americans complained bitterly of\\ntheir position in the Transvaal during the crisis, and\\nmany left the country. The representative of the\\nAmerican firm of J. S. Curtis Co., in giving notice\\nof his withdrawal from the Rand, wrote, My flag is\\nnot respected, my passport not recognized, and, in\\nshort, my position was made unbearable. I have\\nheard others express themselves in a similar manner.\\nUnder early shadows of the war the regular\\nforces in Cape Colony numbered 3,000 men, with a\\ngarrison of 5,000 in Natal. The former command\\nconsisted of two companies of Garrison Artillery, one\\ncompany of Engineers, three and one-half battalions\\nof infantry, with detachments. Army Service, Medical\\nStaff, and Ordnance Store Corps. In Natal, General\\nSymons commanded one brigade division Field\\nArtillery, one mountain battery, three companies\\nGarrison Artillery, four companies Royal Engineers,\\n83", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0119.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ntwo calvary regiments, six and one half battalions of\\ninfantry, with equivalent sections of Army Service,\\nMedical Staff, and Ordnance Corps,\\nThe presence of armed parties of Boers along the\\nfrontier and the constant threat of raids led to the\\nreinforcement of the Natal forces from the Cape\\nbut for weeks, when the republics were shouting\\nwar, the main approaches to the colonies and the\\nmenaced border towns, were guarded only by a few\\npolicemen, a fact which certainly negatives Eng-\\nland s determination on war at any price. When\\nthe ultimatum was launched, General Symons had a\\nsingle infantry brigade with cavalry and artillery\\nat the advance post, Glencoe Camp, Dundee. These\\nslender forces were absolutely inadequate to prevent\\ninvasion, and any attempt to save Newcastle or hold\\nLaing s Nek must have resulted in disaster from\\nattack in rear.\\nAt the eleventh hour General White landed with\\nreinforcements and assumed supreme command in\\nNatal, General Symons becoming his direct subor-\\ndinate. Already the Boers were preparing to pour\\nin from the north, and it was impossible to mobilize a\\nforce sufficient to occupy Laing s Nek and other passes.\\nWhite questioned the advisability even of attempt-\\ning to hold Dundee, but the authorities, military and\\ncivil, had underrated their foe, and the governor,\\nSir William Hely-Hutchinson, pointed out the\\nserious political consequences of abandoning the\\n84", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0120.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "Commands in the Colonies\\nentire north, of Natal. Tlie coal fields in the district\\nwere of great importance, and military considerations\\nwere overruled by political possibilities.\\nSymons command comprised three field batteries\\nIt. A., the 18th Hussars, and the brigaded 1st King s\\nRoyal Rifles, 1st Leicestershire, 1st Royal Irish, and\\nDublin Fusiliers. Some of the reinforcements that\\nhad been despatched from England, India, Cairo,\\nMalta, Crete, and Gibraltar reached White before\\ninvestment, and garrisoned Ladysmith as a base,\\nwith three field and one mountain battery Royal\\nArtillery, 5th Dragoon Guards, 5th Lancers, 19th\\nHussars, the 2d Gordon Highlanders, 1st Devon-\\nshire, 1st Gloucester, 1st Manchester, 1st Liverpool\\nRegiments brigaded, a colonial corps of the Natal\\nCarabineers, the Light-horse raised from the Uit-\\nlanders, and the local artillery volunteers.\\nAlong the southern frontier isolated guards of\\npolicemen held the bridges and border towns against\\nthe republican forces. On the west Kimberley was\\ngarrisoned only by four companies of the North\\nLancashire Infantry and local volunteers. A few\\nscattered police patrols guarded the frontier to\\nMafeking, where Colonel Baden-Powell had organ-\\nized the local forces under special service officers,\\namong whom were Lord Salisbury s son, Lord Cecil,\\nand Lord Bentinck. On the northern border the\\nRhodesian police and volunteers under Colonel\\nPlumer patrolled the vast extent of frontier, where\\n85", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0121.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthey liad also to control the natives. The recently\\nconquered Matabili wished to take up arms against\\ntheir old Boer foe, but at a great indaha, Gambo,\\nMazwe, Mpini, and the other indunas pledged neu-\\ntrality to the British Commissioner, and finally\\nprevented their followers from reprisals for Boer\\nincursions.\\nAt no point could direct opposition be made to\\nBoer invasion, and the enemy was able to cross the\\nfrontiers at leisure at any point desired. When the\\ntime limit of the ultimatum expired, though many\\ncommands were out of telegraphic communications\\nwith Pretoria, the Boers swept over the frontier into\\nBritish territory. They showed no disposition to\\nawait verification of the rejection of their demands,\\nand apparently realized that their document would\\nprecipitate war. The prompt co-operation of the\\nFree State forces in the campaign was also signifi-\\ncant in the light of President Steyn s declarations.\\nThe first shots were fired on the western border.\\nColonel Baden-Powell despatched a train-load of non-\\ncombatants to Kimberley on October 12th, escorted\\nby the armored train Mosquito under Captain Nesbit,\\nV. C. Picking up two trucks containing field-pieces\\nand ammunition for the defence of Mafeking, the\\ncaptain started on his northward journey. At\\nMaribogo the station-master notified him that the\\nline was occupied by the Boers, but since the guns\\nwere needed, the plucky officer, with sixteen volun-\\n86", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0122.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "The Outbreak of War\\nteers, determined to run the gantlet under cover\\nof darkness. About midway the train was derailed,\\nand though the handful of volunteers maintained a\\ngallant defence of the overturned cars through the\\nentire night against stupendous odds, while Flower-\\nday, the engineer, hurried back for assistance, the\\nfire of a Boer battery at daybreak ended resistance\\nand the survivors surrendered.\\nCommunication with the south was now cut off,\\nand the Zeerust, Rustenburg, and Lichtenburg com-\\nmandoes under the brave but merciless Cronje com-\\npletely invested Mafeking, which was given one\\nweek to surrender, when the investing forces were\\nto move down to take Kimberley. An African chief\\nonce told me that if England had many sons like\\nBaden-Powell she must be great, since he was a\\ngod, wise, and of powerful fetish. Certainly some\\nwhite men might think the colonel more than\\nhuman, but his prowess and his qualities are an oft-\\ntold tale. Despite the inadequate means at his dis-\\nposal, his indomitable character devised means both\\nfor defence and defiance, and Cronje soon left\\nMafeking to De la Rey, and moved south to Kim-\\nberley, to win the more possible honors of capturing\\nMr. Rhodes alive or dead.\\nA force of Boers moved against Vryburg, the cap-\\nital of Bechuanaland, where Major Scott and a hand-\\nful of police were prepared to resist to the last. The\\ntownsfolk, however, begged him to avert attack by\\n87", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0123.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nevacuating. After a futile appeal by the magistrate,\\nMr. Tillard, for loyal subjects to assist the mayor,\\nwhen only seven men responded amid the jeers and\\ntaunts for Dutch rebels, the police were reluctantly\\nordered to withdraw. As the Boers under Visser\\nwere annexing Vryburg and looting the homes of\\ndefenceless loyalists in a surrendered town. Major\\nScott shot himself through the head, unable to face\\nthe disgrace of enforced capitulation.\\nThe British colonists along the Bechuanaland bor-\\nder hurriedly drove their stock westward, but their\\nfarms were looted and many destroyed, and thousands\\nof cattle were captured. Mixed Free State and Trans-\\nvaal commandoes under Prinsloo moved against Kim-\\nberley, cutting off communication with the south by\\nblowing up the bridge over Modder Spruit and de-\\nstroying the railroad. The garrison under Colonel\\nKekewich speedily converted the debris heaps from\\nthe mines into formidable defences, wells were dug,\\nand the city was prepared to resist stoutly, when\\nCommandant Engelbracht first opened with his guns\\nat the Wesselton mine, and cut off the water supply.\\nLoboers occupied the Belmont district, expelling\\nall loyalists, and reminding the Afrikanders that the\\nshirt was nearer the skin than the coat, a curious\\nargument for men who knew not the former. On\\nthe south the Colesburg district was occupied by the\\nRouxville commando under Rothman and annexed\\nto the Free State. The six police at the Aliwal", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0124.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "Invasion of the Colonies\\nnorth bridge were captured, and, fearing it was\\nmined, the magistrate, Mr. Hugo, and his assistant.\\nVan E,eenen, were placed on the crossing while the\\nburghers under Olivier passed over. Olivier with be-\\ncoming modesty changed the name of the town to\\nOliviersfontein, and the Free State was officially ex-\\ntended to the Stormbergen with the presidential\\nassurance, This is the birth of the great Afrikander\\nnation.\\nIn Basutoland, Sir Godfrey Lagden held the war-\\nlike tribes in check. In response to the call of the\\nBasuto chief, Lerothodi, all chiefs but Joel came to-\\ngether at Putiatsana and pledged their loyalty to the\\nQueen our Mother, and begged that they might\\nhelp to fight her battles. Hundreds of Basutos, in-\\ncluding Lerothodi s son, who in common with thou-\\nsands of other protectorate natives were ordered from\\nthe Rand and robbed of all their earnings by the\\nBoers, then arrived at Maseru and called on their\\nbrothers for revenge. Only the strenuous efforts of\\nthe Commissioner sustained Basuto neutrality and\\nprevented fearful reprisals on Boer women on the\\nisolated farms as a return for wilful and persistent\\niU-treatment, past and present. The destruction of\\nthe native ferry at Caledon Pont and several cattle\\nraids only added to a resentment that might have\\ncost the Boers dearly but for Lagden s efforts.\\nSchalk Burger and the Vryheid burghers also in-\\nvited native retaliation in Zululand by looting cattle\\n89", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0125.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with BuUer\\nand sacking Ingwavuma and Ntuqu. In Swaziland\\nthe missionaries were ordered out, and the missions\\nand farms of Britishers systematically looted.\\nFor the main army of the republics under Joubert\\na careful plan of campaign had been formulated:\\nthe Free State commandoes were ordered to advance\\nby the Drakensberg passes to menace Ladysmith and\\nkeep General White employed. Joubert s army was\\nthen to move south in three divisions. His right,\\nunder Koch and Viljoen, would occupy a point on the\\nroads and railway between Ladysmith and Dundee,\\nthus cutting off communication and isolating Sym-\\nons. The centre division under Erasmus and the\\nleft under Meyer would overwhelm and annihilate\\nthe Dundee garrison, or drive it out toward Lady-\\nsmith, where its retreat was cut off by Koch. The\\nFree Staters having attained their object in keeping\\nWhite occupied would then move out to join a com-\\nbination of the three divisions to overwhelm Lady-\\nsmith and sweep down to Durban and the sea.\\nEarly on October 12th a mixed column of Trans-\\nvaal and Free State burghers moved through Botha s\\nPass on the right, into Natal. The left division ad-\\nvanced from Wakkerstroom via Moll s Nek and\\nWoldrift. The main column under Joubert crossed\\nLaing s Nek toward Ingogo. When Joubert s lambs\\ncamped on the scene of their leader s early triumph,\\nthey invoked the aid of the God of battles in their\\ncause. Released from this solemn service some of\\n90", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0126.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "Newcastle Occupied\\nthem gave vent to tlieir inherent bestiality by des-\\necrating and defiling the graves of the British dead,\\nburied where they fell after the defeat of Majuba.\\nHad I not confirmed this from Boer prisoners, I\\nwould have omitted it as a canard but the hideous\\nfact was the jest of the laager fires for many a night,\\nthough the old burghers disapproved of the action.\\nUnwilling to precipitate hostilities, the Colonial\\nGovernment had made no preparations to stay the\\nadvance. The tunnel under Laing s Nek could have\\nbeen destroyed, the culverts blown up, and the rail-\\nroad then rendered useless to the Boers. As it was\\ncaptured intact, they had its unimpeded use to bring\\nup their supplies. It is incredible that even at the\\nlast moment something was not done to destroy the\\nline.\\nNewcastle was occupied on the night of the 14th,\\nmost of the inhabitants, including the Dominican\\nnuns from their mission, being forced to leave the\\ntown. A storekeeper unfortunately named Chamber-\\nlain was very roughly handled, and his house and\\nstore demolished. It is significant to note the action\\nof several Dutch loyalists here. Some openly defied\\nand ridiculed the Boers. Old Jan Uys and Matt Vos\\nreplied to the address made to the colonists to take\\nthe oath of allegiance and join the Boers. They\\n1 All loyal Dutchmen refusing to take up arms against the Queen\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0were -very severely handled. It is in accordance with Boer charac-\\nter to force a surrendered people to fight against their own side.\\n91", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0127.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\npointed out that the people of Natal, British and\\nDutch, could become Uitlanders under Kruger or\\nfight to remain the freest of men under the Queen.\\nUys challenged the commandant to single combat, in\\nplace of a general conflict. But these Britishers were\\narrested as traitors and sent to Pretoria. The loyal\\nDutch then fled, their homes being looted.\\nForces under Botha and Emmett moved toward\\nDundee and tore up the railroad there. True to\\ntheir tryst, the Free Staters that day made a diver-\\nsion from the Drakensburg passes, drawing out a\\nportion of White s force toward Tintwa Pass and\\nkeeping Ladysmith on the continual qui vive while\\nJoubert s army moved in from the north.\\nGeneral Symons was first apprised of the Boer\\nadvance by the cutting of the telegraph wires on the\\nsouth on the 19th and the arrival of the mail train\\nwith the announcement that the Boers had occupied\\nElandslaagte as the express dashed through, and\\ndirect communications with Ladysmith were cut.\\nThe news of his rapid isolation was confirmed at sun-\\nset, when cyclist scouts paced in and announced the\\nenemy in force on the north and south of Dundee.\\nExtra outposts were thrown out, but the camp slept\\nsoundly, no attack being anticipated for a clear day\\nat least. But at 2.30 o clock A. m. a picket of\\nmounted infantry stationed on the road at Smith s\\nNek received a volley in response to their challenge,\\nand reported a column of the enemy closing on the\\n92", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0128.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "Battle of Dundee\\ntown from that direction. The alarm sounded, and\\nthe Dublin Fusiliers moved out to support the picket\\nbut found no attempt made to force the road.\\nReveille was sounding at sunrise when, boom\\nwent a gun on the hills beyond Dundee, and the\\nBoers in force were seen on the heights commanding\\nthe town. Lucas Meyer, filibuster, elder, and politi-\\ncian, prompted by a desire for undivided honor and\\nthe kudos of first victory, had pressed across the\\nBuffalo River with the left division of Joubert s\\narmy to capture Dundee before the main division\\nshould arrive. The hero of the Vryheid grab in\\ntouching gasconade told his burghers that the Lord\\nhad delivered the English Philistines into their\\nhands. They must smite them hip and thigh. With\\nthe Utrech, Ermelo, and Vryheid commandoes he\\ntook up a strong position under cover of the dark-\\nness. With stupendous labor his men dragged three\\nguns to the crest of Talana Hill, a precipitous spur of\\nthe Impati Mountain, running due north and south,\\nand completely commanding the camp and town-\\nship. The burghers, intrenched on the rocky ridge\\nand on a neighboring nek and kopje, expected after\\na preliminary bombardment to carry Dundee and\\nGlencoe camp on both flanks.\\nIn the light of modern warfare such a position,\\nheld by 4,000 skilled riflemen, was impregnable to\\nSymons single brigade. As the Boer artillery\\n93", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0129.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nopened on the camp and town, the British infantry\\nturned out with alacrity, and the Boots and sad-\\ndles of the field artillery and cavalry was rapidly\\nsupplemented by the rattle of the guns as they\\ntrotted smartly into position. In a few minutes the\\n13th and 69th Batteries opened from ridges to the\\neast of the town. The 67th remained in reserve with\\nthe Leicester regiment, but came into action in the\\nplain below, and despite the elevation, joined effec-\\ntively in raking the enemy s position.\\nOn the east of Dundee the ground slopes down a\\nthousand yards to a donga, or river-bed. Beyond this\\nthe open valley, laid out in a farm, rises gradually to\\na belt of woods from which Talana rears itself, first\\nin rough but moderate ascent for a thousand yards\\nto a terrace and boundary wall, then steeply up,\\nrugged, rocky, and precipitous as Majuba s face, to\\nthe crest held by the Boers.\\nDuring the artillery duel Symons sheltered his\\ninfantry, the Rifles and Fusilier regiments, in the\\ndonga. For two hours the Boers shelled ineffectu-\\nally, sometimes replying to the British gunners, then\\ndropping projectiles into the town, chiefly near the\\nSwedish mission, temporarily the hospital. Their\\nshells were faulty, however, and did not explode.\\nRumor had it that the fuses were set by two British\\nsympathizers, serving from the one caisson on the\\ncrest, and that the history of the friendly Egyptian\\ngunners forced to serve the Khalifa s artillery against\\n94", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0130.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "Battle of Dundee\\nKitchener, was repeated but I am inclined to think\\nshell made in Pretoria was nearer the truth. But\\nat half-past seven De Jaeger s gunners had emp-\\ntied their one ammunition wagon and ceased firing,\\nthough current history says that they were pounded\\ninto silence by the British. The field batteries then\\nceased as if by mutual consent, and Meyer, with\\nTrichaardt, Grobler, Marias, and other leaders, secure\\nin their stronghold, sat quietly to breakfast, their\\nmen making coffee behind the boulders, awaiting\\nfurther shell for their guns. The process of annihi-\\nlation was to be applied at leisure.\\nThe morning was drizzly and gray, but of that\\nsubdued light more effective than brilliant sun at\\ndistances under a league. The Boers suddenly de-\\nscried six dark, spider-like creatures moving down\\ntoward the donga below them a similar group was\\nmoving forward in another direction; then the\\nspiders dissolved themselves into two parts, the\\nfront half retiring and the tail end turning round.\\nOne, then another, belched flame and smoke the re-\\nports and the projectiles raced over madly. Those\\nrooinek gunners were at it again this time at\\ncloser range, and their shrapnel began to search out\\nthe rocks. Then, too, a long line of figures rose from\\nthe river bed, and breaking up into sections, advanced\\nrapidly over the broken ground toward the hill.\\nThe burghers began to shoot, at first leisurely, for\\nthey never dreamed of direct assault from the de-\\n95", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0131.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nspised British soldier. But though a few of the\\nmoving dots lay motionless on the plain below, the\\nlines still surged forward and reached the wood at the\\nbase of the hill. Less than two thousand infantry-\\nstorm a hill held by twice their number of skilled\\nand sheltered riflemen No, the hated rooibatjes\\nwould never emulate Majuba. The burghers vol-\\nleyed down into the trees for awhile, but then held\\ntheir fire save when men moved over the valley\\nbelow, succoring the wounded or carrying despatches.\\nA Boer prisoner told me afterwards that the burgh-\\ners were so astounded at the assault that followed,\\nthat for a time some held their fire in sheer amaze-\\nment.\\nGeneral Symons was directing the operations in\\nperson. After giving orders for the assault to be\\npressed, he rode into the open to become a target\\nfor a hundred rifles, and fell, mortally wounded, as\\nhis bugles merrily rang out the advance. Like the\\nhero of Quebec, he lay on the field until the cheers of\\nvictory reached his ears, and was then taken to the\\nrear to die. His chief of staff, second staff officer,\\nand two aids fell with their leader.\\nUpwards now from the woods surged the lines of\\ninfantry, deploying rapidly, creeping forward from\\nrock to rock in extended order. Continuous lines\\nof fire ran along the crest overhead, the Mauser vol-\\nleys sounding like the ripping of a Titanic carpet,\\nthe nickel-coated bullets whistling down the hillside\\n96", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0132.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0133.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0134.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "Battle of Dundee\\nlike a gale in the rigging, accentuated as by gibcats\\nmews when the jackets had spread through injury or\\nintentional incision. At times the tiny pellets,\\nricochetting from the rocks, would cast their hard-\\nened coating with a vicious snap that raised the cry\\nof explosive bullets, while at closer range old-fash-\\nioned burghers expended big-game ammunition and\\nsubstantiated the charge.\\nThe pentacapsular clips of the Mauser permit a\\ngreat rapidity of fire, but toiling painfully upward\\nthe British Tommies held grimly to their task,\\nnow firing at the hidden foe above, now crouching,\\nnow forward with a rush, squirming over or between\\nthe boulders, halting for volley or individual fire,\\nthen on again to the goal. Mid the crash of the\\nLee Metfords, the roar of the guns from the valley,\\nthe spluttering of the Maxims on the flank, and the\\nfiring enemy above, arose the cries of wounded, some\\ncheering on their comrades, others groaning or curs-\\ning, while the pitiful advance was strewn with silent\\nforms.\\nAt times the leading lines appeared to melt before\\nthe withering fire from the hilltop barbed- wire\\nfences barred the way and claimed their victims but\\nagain and again, when the movement seemed checked,\\nofficers sprang in the lead with rallying cries, sup-\\nporting companies filled the gaps, and the lines went\\nsteadily on.\\nThe Dublins, seeking cover in a nullah, were found\\n7 97", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0135.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nby the unerring oblique fire of the enemy on the nek,\\nand forced out, though only to continue upward in\\nmore extended order. Not until ten o clock had the\\npanting infantry reached the sheltering boundary wall\\nrunning along the hillside here they lay to recover\\ntheir breath. A few of the Rifles clambered over the\\nobstruction, but were immediately swept away, and\\nfor two hours the force hung on tenaciously, firing\\noccasionally over the wall and exposed to an enfilade\\nfire from the kopje. Then by some error in range\\nBritish shrapnel were dropped among the Rifles,\\nkilling Lieutenant Hambro and three men and\\nwounding several others. Sergeant Harrington, after\\nvainly signalling Cease fire went through a per-\\nfect hell of bullets to notify the gunners of their\\nmistake.\\nDawkins and King then limbered up to cover the\\nfinal rush, and brought their batteries across the\\nvalley to the flank of the woods the Boers, taking\\nadvantage of the lull, turned to remove their guns\\nto safety. For a moment the firing died away as if\\nby mutual consent with a cheer the British troops\\nwere up and scaling the wall. A shattering maga-\\nzine-fire swept from above, but leaving Colonel\\nSherstone and thirty-two other ofiicers and men dead\\nand scores of wounded behind them, they swarmed\\nover and up the precipitous five hundred feet with\\na resolution that could not be stayed. As they drew\\nwithin point-blank distance the Boers, cleverly en-\\n98", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0136.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "Capture of Talana\\nsconced behind cunningly arranged rocks, blazed away\\nmadly, and the British lines wavered for a moment.\\nThe Dublins, who were in the most favored position,\\nhad forged ahead, but crouched irresolute in the\\nhail of bullets that assailed them from the ridge.\\nIt was the critical moment when victory and re-\\npulse were balanced. Follow me. Rifles Sustain\\nour reputation shouted Colonel Gunning as he\\nsprang up and led on the slow cruel charge\\nagainst the almost perpendicular cliff. The gallant\\ncolonel fell riddled with bullets, but the Rifles\\nswarmed over his body, fixing bayonets as they\\nclimbed. Captain Pechell stood erect to cheer them\\non, and fell shot through and through. The company\\nofficers also suffered severely, and thirteen in the\\nRifles alone were down ere the summit was reached.\\nThe Fusiliers, too, were sweeping upward, though\\nthree-fourths of their oflicers had fallen. For a\\nbreathing-spell the line halted below the immediate\\ncrest then with loud cheers the troops surged over\\nagainst the enemy.\\nThe Boers had held their ground grimly, shooting\\nfrom their rocky shelters until they saw the glint of\\nsteel coming toward them then with shouts of\\nterror they dropped their rifles, dashed down the\\nrear of the hill to their horses, and away. Majuba\\nwas reversed\\nThe rout was complete, the Transvaal vierhleur\\nand Meyer s standard flapped disconsolately over the\\n99", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0137.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nbodies of Melt Marais, Sassenberg, the Hollander\\nBergermaan, and forty dead, a gruesome tribute to\\nthe dearly bought victory. Behind the position lay\\nthe Boer laager and seventy-one abandoned wounded.\\nThe burghers quickly hoisted white flags over their\\nwagons in the valley, and the British bugles imme-\\ndiately sounded Cease fire Under cover of this\\nthe Boers galloped madly away, escaping the volleys\\nwhich might have been poured from the captured\\nhilltop. A field battery had galloped round the\\nflank and also menaced the line of retreat when the\\nCease fire rang out. With tacit if Long Valley\\nobedience the eager gunners fell back from their\\npieces rather than risk violation of an armistice, and\\nwhile the oflicers rode madly over to obtain permis-\\nsion to reopen fire the Boers galloped across the\\nguns and disappeared among the hills. The white\\nflag cannot cover retreat, and the Germans in France\\nfired on it on more than one occasion when only\\nisolated groups retreated from surrendered forces,\\neven as they executed all civilians bearing arms\\nagainst them.\\nJust before the supreme moment at Talana, Boer\\ncommandoes were reported moving down the Dann-\\nhauser Road against the other side of Dundee,\\nwhere they expected to carry the town under cover\\nof the battle. The Leicesters and the 67th Battery\\nmarched out and turned them, and they fell back\\nin confusion as Meyer s force retreated.\\n100", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0138.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "Capture of the Hussars\\nThe 18th Hussars and mounted infantry were\\ncovering the flanks. Colonel MoUer led one\\nsquadron with the mounted Fusiliers to the north-\\nwest: Major Knox, namesake of the regiment s\\nfirst colonel, with his squadron and the Rifles,\\nmoving out to menace the other flank. Major\\nMarling took a third squadron beyond Talana s\\nconnecting nek, and by acting as a screen misled\\nand checked a column from Newcastle sent to re-\\ninforce by Erasmus. Moller and Knox both suc-\\nceeded in working round Meyer s flank, and\\nharassed his retreat for some distance. But they\\nwere in turn cut off by the reinforcing column as\\nit followed Meyer, and became heavily engaged on\\nthree sides. Knox by a long detour managed to\\ndisengage his squadron, but the remainder of the\\nHussars and the mounted infantry with Colonel\\nMoller, Major Greville, and seven other officers\\nwere surrounded by a force ten times their su-\\nperior, when attempting to save a disabled Maxim,\\nand after a stout resistance they were forced to\\nsurrender.\\nThe 18th had laid a wager that they would be\\nthe first into Pretoria; they rapidly won it, and\\nfacetious Tommy has now dubbed them the\\nPretoria Horse.\\n101", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0139.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER V\\nElandslaagte. TiNTWA Inyoni. Yule s Retirement.\\nPepworth Hill. Ladysmith Invested.\\nGeneral Koch, keeper of the executive min-\\nutes with the right wing of Joubert s army, had\\nmoved down the Biggarsberg Pass to cut com-\\nmunications between Symons and White, and on\\nOctober 19 occupied Elandslaagte station, six-\\nteen miles beyond Ladysmith. The Dundee ex-\\npress had just arrived when the advance guard\\nunder Veldt Cornet Pienaar entered the village.\\nThe burghers galloped into the depot to seize the\\ntrain, and swarmed over the tracks, but the engi-\\nneer sprang to the foot-plate, and amid a warm\\nfusillade the express ploughed through its captors\\nand away to Dundee, leaving Noel, the guard, and\\nseveral astonished passengers on the platform. The\\nstation-master managed to telegraph Ladysmith\\nthat the station was captured, before he was de-\\ntected, narrowly escaping summary execution for\\nhis temerity.\\nGreatly enraged, the Boers made prisoners of\\nevery one in the vicinity, and turning the points to\\na siding, cleared the signal for the local train tak-\\n102", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0140.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "Elandslaagte\\ning stock and provisions to Dundee. The en-\\ngineer ran his train unsuspectingly over the switch,\\nand ere he could reverse the lever Boers were\\nswarming on board, and he was bound and im-\\nprisoned. A number of horses and cattle en route\\nfor Symons were captured, and the freight cars\\nsystematically looted.\\nThe Boer vanguard took possession of Elandslaagte\\nduring the afternoon. The column, 1,900 strong, was\\nformed by the Krugersdorp and Johannesburg com-\\nmandoes, the latter including the Hollander Vrywil-\\nliger Corps. Attached were 300 Free Staters and a\\nGerman contingent 80 strong under Colonel Schiel,\\nwith three guns and an ambulance under Visser. The\\nJohannesburg commando under Dr. Coster, a talented\\nHolland lawyer, and De Witt Hamer, an ex-Nether-\\nland officer, represented the education and culture\\nof the Transvaal it comprised the officials and pro-\\nfessional men of the republic, significantly the vast\\nmajority of foreign birth. Officers with Koch were\\nhis son, Judge Koch, notorious in the Edgar case,\\nLanddrost Mare of Boksburg, the public prosecutor\\nVon Leggelo, Count Zipplein, Ben Viljoen, Boden-\\nstein of Krugersdorp fame, Pretorius, Vander-Welde,\\nand many other prominent officials.\\nThe force first rounded up the British subjects in\\nthe vicinity. Mr. Harris, the manager of the Elands-\\nlaagte mines, anticipating the advance, had buried his\\nblasting-powder and ammunition. With Mr. Innes,\\n103", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0141.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe proprietor, and forty mine workers he was made\\nprisoner and the cash of the mine commandeered.\\nThe prisoners were placed in charge of Pienaar, who\\nsaid that the people in Natal had fled as though the\\nBoers were barbarians. He hoped they would prove\\nto the contrary. In the evening captors and captives\\nheld an impromptu smoking concert in the hotel\\nparlor. Many of the burghers were drunk and fought\\namong themselves, but if there was little discipline\\nin their ranks there was an individuality that acted\\nfor a general purpose of defence, and guards were\\nposted and pickets thrown out with the regularity\\nof a trained force.\\nOn the following morning, after Koch had selected\\nthe most advantageous positions in the vicinity, he\\nopened an examination of all prisoners, which he con-\\nducted with gravity while devouring mutton chops\\nin his fingers, smoking his pipe, and expectorating\\nbetween mouthfuls.\\nThe burghers amused themselves during the after-\\nnoon by dressing up in British uniforms captured on\\nthe train. Many of them had been drinking heavily\\nfrom looted liquor, and some strove to pick a quarrel\\nwith the unarmed prisoners. Pienaar intervened,\\nand calling in a guard of more sober burghers kept\\nthe threatening roysterers outside.\\nIn the midst of the carousal a patrol galloped in\\nshouting, Booinehs are coming In five minutes\\nevery Boer had saddled up and the commando was\\n104", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0142.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "Elandslaagte\\nriding over the veldt to the selected position. But\\nthe attack did not develop.\\nWhen Koch had severed communications between\\nDundee and Ladysmith he had forgotten that a wire\\nalso ran via Helpmaaker to Maritzburg, and Symons\\nwas thus able to inform White of his victory and\\nthe force blocking direct communications. General\\nFrench, who had only arrived from England on the\\nprevious day, was at once sent out from Ladysmith to\\nmake a reconnaissance in force. In a pouring rain the\\nmud had severely retarded his artillery and infantry,\\nbut the cavalry advanced to the flag station at Modder\\nSpruit, where they sighted the enemy at Elandslaagte.\\nAs the day was advancing a squadron of the 5th\\nLancers pushed forward alone to reconnoitre. They\\nsurprised and captured a Boer outpost, and having\\nlocated the enemy fell back, and the whole force\\nreturned to Ladysmith.\\nThe Boer patrol that had first reported the British\\nadvance was jeered at for giving a false alarm, and\\nKoch s burghers returned to camp. The evening was\\nspent in singing: the Boers of the old school, the\\nTransvaal Podsnaps, gathered to intone doleful\\npsalms, while the younger generation crowded the\\nhotel canteen, drinking and joining the prisoners in a\\nsing-song God save the Queen and Rule\\nBritannia, mingling with Wij Leven Vrij, Wil-\\nhelmus van Nassouwe, and the Volkslied.\\nOn the following morning (Saturday, Oct. 21),\\n105", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0143.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nscouts again announced the approach of the British^\\nand the commandoes, rudely awakened by a couple of\\nshells, thundered half-dressed to the kopjes some\\ndistance from the railroad, leaving their British\\nprisoners in the village with a small guard, which a\\nsquadron of Light Horse later surprised and forced\\nto change rSles.\\nGeneral French had moved out at daybreak to\\nmake a further reconnaissance, with a company of the\\nManchesters in an armored train, the Imperial Light\\nHorse and Natal volunteer battery moving by road\\nto support. Finding Elandslaagte strongly occupied,\\nthe battery came into action on the edge of a table-\\nland overlooking the settlement. But the Boers\\nmanned their guns with surprising rapidity, and the\\ntwo ranging shots of the German gunners under Cap-\\ntain Schultz plumped right into the Colonials. A team\\nwas doubled up, a limber smashed, and the puny Natal\\n7-pounders were outranged and forced to withdraw.\\nShells also fell round the train, while a strong force\\nof the enemy appeared in rear, making strenuous\\nefforts to tear up the line. They were dispersed,\\nhowever, by a rapid advance of the Light Horse, and\\ntrain and guns retired to Modder Spruit. As General\\nFrench took a final survey of the position, a pro-\\njectile was neatly dropped into the midst of the staff,\\nthough a tardy time-fuse burst the shell after it was\\nimbedded, and dirt was vomited in place of shrapnel\\nbullets.\\n106", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0144.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "The Battle Opens\\nAt Modder Spruit, the telegraph wire was tapped,\\nand French was soon connected with White, who\\npromised to send reinforcements immediately to\\nattack the enemy. At midday Colonel King arrived\\nat the front with the 5th Lancers. The 21st and\\n42d Field Batteries galloped out with augmented\\nteams, and a squadron of 5th Dragoons and the Natal\\nmounted volunteers. Escorted by the armored train,\\nhalf-battalions of the Manchester and Devonshire\\nregiments arrived by rail. Later, half of the Gordon\\nHighlanders and the remainder of the Devons\\ndetrained.\\nThe cavalry found strong Boer pickets on a long\\nridge running almost due east and west beyond\\nModder Spruit, but after desultory skirmishing these\\noutposts fell back. At 3 P. m. the infantry advanced\\nover a hill to the right of the railroad, the artillery\\nand cavalry passing round on either flank. Beyond,\\na green sloping valley led up to a long hogs -back,\\nsteep and rocky, with a mass of boulders piled inde-\\nscribably at the base, and a stubborn succession of\\nrock -strewn ridges on the frowning face.\\nAs the British appeared on the high ground the flash\\nof the opening guns revealed the main position of the\\nenemy, who were intrenched on a rounded eminence\\nrising from the extremity of the hog s-back, and along\\nthe nek that joined the mamelon to a succeeding\\nkopje, also strongly occupied. The position was ideal\\nfor the Boer system of defence. A frontal attack\\n107", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0145.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ncould be met by frontal and oblique fire, and the diffi-\\ncult approaches to both flanks were commanded,\\nthe broken kopjes on the right, and the rock-strewn\\nridge of the hog s-back along which any turning\\nmovement on the left flank must come.\\nOn the extreme left the Lancers, Light Horse, and\\nNatal volunteers had cleared out a flanking party of\\nBoers skulking behind a wall, and then became en-\\ngaged with the Free State commando with Maxims,\\nwhich were soon silenced by carbine fire, the party\\nretiring half-heartedly, one of their deserters saying\\nthat they were commandeered in an unwilling war,\\nand did not mean to fight a traditional friend for\\nKruger and Steyn. This commando did nothing fur-\\nther to aid their Transvaal brothers.\\nThe Boer artillery then commenced to shell the\\ndeploying infantry, until the 21st Battery galloped\\ninto action, and after sustaining some loss in a duel\\nof seven minutes duration, silenced the guns at 2,800\\nyards. The 42d Battery also heavily shelled the po-\\nsition preparatory to the infantry attack. A heavy\\nthunder-storm was raging during the initial evolu-\\ntions, and since the evening promised to come in\\nearly gloom, the artillery preliminaries were curtailed\\nto enable the infantry assault before dark.\\nThe Lancers, Light Horse, and Natal volunteers\\nwith their battery, covered the right flank, where the\\nManchesters, supported by the Gordons, clambered\\nup the hog s-back to advance down the ridge on the\\n108", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0146.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "Battle of Elandslaagte\\nflank. The Devons moved against the direct front,\\nwith the Dragoons and volunteers on the extreme\\nleft. Sir George White arrived on the field at 4 p.m.,\\nbut magnanimously refused to take over the com-\\nmand from his subordinate, and the honors of the\\nday rest with French. The infantry were under the\\npersonal direction of Colonel Ian Hamilton, a sur-\\nvivor of Majuba.\\nThe British guns had pounded the enemy heavily\\nwith shrapnel, and the plucky attempts of the German\\ngunners to reopen were unsuccessful but the shower\\nof shells did not apparently lessen the terrific rifle-\\nfire that was poured into the valley. At 4.45 the\\nDevons advanced in extended order, meeting a\\nwithering fire with great steadiness as they pressed\\nover the broken ground. Major Park extended\\nthree companies into a firing line of 500 yards,\\nabout 1000 yards from the enemy. They obtained\\nsome shelter among the sunbaked ant-hills in places,\\nand dead ground saved two companies from\\nannihilation.\\nThe Boers missed the red coats of the British\\narmy and found the new f angled khaki a difficult\\ntarget, but their bullets swept a large zone. Major\\nCurrie with the reserves threw men rapidly forward\\nto replace casualties, and then augmented the firing\\nline, which crept slowly to within 800 yards of the\\nenemy. Laxity in the British territorial system may\\nhave placed sons of Cork and London in the Devon\\n109", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0147.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Duller\\nranks, but as the regiment lay exposed to a gall-\\ning fire, engaging the front while the flank attack\\ndeveloped, they well sustained the reputation of the\\ncountrie of the Leighs and Ridds.\\nMeanwhile the Manchesters and Gordons had suc-\\nceeded in scrambling up the hog s-back. They were\\njoined by the Uitlander Light Horse, who voluntarily\\ndismounted and joined in the charge. Many of these\\nmen had settled permanently on the Rand, and had\\nlost their all when expelled by Kruger; theirs in-\\ndeed was a fight for home and liberty, in the country\\nof their adoption, while wives and children were\\nhomeless and destitute.\\nThough these forces were at first covered by a dip\\nleading to the main plateau, a withering fire swept\\nthe entire length of the ridge as they poured over the\\nboulders on the crest. A thousand yards beyond\\nthem rose the mamelon, an objective that com-\\nmanded every step of the advance along the hill-\\ntop. In face of that fire, with their path strewn with\\nrocks slippery with rain and hail, and successive\\nbarbed fences barring the way, a superior force was\\nto be assaulted in an intrenched position. Many\\nyoung soldiers faces blanched, but there was no\\nhesitation.\\nFor sentimental reasons, the Highlanders had re-\\ntained their sporrans and kilts, which made them a\\ndistinct mark for the enemy sentiment contributed\\nmany widows and orphans to the banks and braes of\\n110", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0148.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "Battle of Elandslaagte\\nScotland ere the day was done. At first tlie Gordons\\nwere in support, but owing to the irregularity of the\\nground to be traversed, regiments and companies\\nbecame mixed and the movement evolved into a\\nretarded but eager race forward. Scrambling, slip-\\nping, crouching, from rock to rock, firing individu-\\nally or in volleys of mutual agreement, Gordons,\\nManchesters, and Light Horse fought their way on.\\nMen were swept away as they clambered across the\\nridges, but the others went over the prostrate bodies.\\nThe Tommies now were fighting mad, and, paying\\nlittle heed to the dead and wounded, they pressed\\nrecklessly onward; the individuality of the soldier\\nwas in the ascendent and it was not found wanting.\\nTwo-thirds of the distance passed two-thirds of\\nthe officers down. A stout barbed fence checked\\nthe advance the Boers stood up fearlessly and blazed\\ninto the serried mass of men, but dropped to cover\\nagain as the obstacle was surmounted and the\\nuncontrollable wave of khaki swept toward them.\\nOf the Gordons, Colonel Cunyngham and Major\\nWright went down early in the fight, and of the\\nother officers but four were left to lead the regiment,\\ntoward the finish, and two of these, subalterns, were\\nwounded. The Manchesters had lost their colonel\\nand many officers and men.\\nColonel Scott-Ohisholme of the Light Horse was\\nnext wounded raising himself to cheer on his men,\\nhe sank again with two bullets in his brain. Major\\n111", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0149.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nSampson, the ex-reformist, and eight other volunteer\\nofficers had also fallen at this juncture. But the de-\\npleted forces were close in now, and fixed bayonets.\\nIn desperation the Boers pumped their red-hot\\nMausers at point-blank range and cried in English,\\nRetire A treacherous bugle also sounded the order,\\nand the panting soldiers halted irresolute in the con-\\nfusion of the battle and the gathering darkness. The\\nlast note was faulty, but the men were wavering and\\nthe enemy s fire was redoubled. Charge charge\\nfor God s sake, charge shouted Major Denne of the\\nGordons, springing in the lead and sinking limply,\\nshot through the heart. Drum-major Laurence dash-\\ning forward sounded the charge and rally. Pipe-\\nmajor Dunbar strode over the rocks skirling the\\nGordon pibroch. He soon fell, but the troops had\\nrallied, and with a loud cheer the first position was\\nrushed.\\nAdvocate Coster was killed as he attempted to\\ngather his Hollanders, and other Boer leaders fear-\\nlessly exposed themselves, exhorting the burghers to\\nstand; but nothing could stay the onslaught of the\\nBritish. A line of devoted burghers fired to the\\nlast, but they were flung back before the charge like\\ntennis-balls, and there was no rebound.\\nThe Devons bugles in the valley were now ring-\\ning cheerily, their long checked impetuosity was\\nloosed, and with fixed bayonets they dashed up the\\nfront of the position. Pandemonium reigned for a\\n112", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0150.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "Battle of Elandslaagte\\nminute. There was a rush of kilt and khaki; the\\nenemy on the mamelon resisted stoutly, but amid the\\nrattle of their magazine fire, rallying cries in Taal,\\nBritish cheers of exultation and the yells and screams\\nof the wounded, the Devons closed in on the front, and\\nthe flanking battalions swept the Boers from the nek\\nwith bayonets and butt-end.\\nF Company, the Devons, under Lieutenant Field,\\nwent straight at the guns. Three German gunners,\\nenfants ^erdus, sprang to the pieces and prepared to\\nfire into the British ranks as the Hollanders turned\\nand fled down the hill. One gunner fell before\\nField s revolver as these devoted soldiers of fortune\\nloaded, another was shot as he prepared to fire, and\\nthe third was bayonetted as the Devons swept in.\\nMercenaries Yes, but brave men.\\nStruggling, stumbling down the hillside, the Boers\\nfled pell-mell, some screaming with terror in their mad\\nefforts to escape the cold steel. Their horses were\\ntethered in the laager below, and as the seething mass\\nof burghers ran toward them the slaughter would\\nhave been terrible had the British disregarded the\\nwhite flag. Highlanders and Manchesters had swept\\ndown toward the laager to complete the rout, on the\\nhill other companies were refilling their emptied\\nmagazines to mow down the fugitives, when a large\\nwhite flag was hoisted over the wagons. Dozens of\\nBoers also were holding up their hands, and another\\nflag waved frantically on the further kopje. From\\n8 113", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0151.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ntents behind whicli the horses were tethered, a Red\\nCross flag was displayed. Significantly the enemy\\nhad screened their means of retreat by the Geneva\\nconvention.\\nColonel Hamilton and his staff rushed in front of\\ntheir men and ordered them to stop firing the bugles\\nrang out the Cease fire They surrender they\\nsurrender shouted the eager soldiers as they lowered\\ntheir rifles and started across the open then a wither-\\ning fire burst on them from the further kopje, a ridge\\nbehind the nek, and from the laager itself, mowing\\ndown the exposed men in dozens. The surrendered\\nburghers reached their horses and rode off in the con-\\nfusion, as the enraged soldiers fell back to cover with\\nheavy loss. After replying to the renewed volleys,\\nthey again rushed in with the bayonet, clearing the\\nremaining position and ending resistance. Under\\nthe laws of war the Boers had violated the white flag\\nand deserved no mercy. I do not think, however,\\nthat the subterfuge was prearranged. The individ-\\nuality of the burghers rather condones the apparent\\ntreachery, though after Dundee and Elandslaagte the\\nBritish could not have been blamed had they\\nadopted similar tactics, or disregarded the white flag\\nas indicating surrender.\\nDaylight now faded rapidly, but the cavalry\\nwho had been champing impatiently on the flanks\\nhad ridden round the hill when they heard the\\ncheers of victory, and a rush of horsemen through\\n114", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0152.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "Aftermath of the Battle\\nthe gathering night told them their turn had come.\\nAs the Boers galloped madly toward Wesset s Nek,\\nfrom the reverse of the captured position a clatter\\nof hoofs and scabbards burst on their frightened\\nears. They turned and fired as they rode, but the\\nheavier British cavalry bore them to the earth,\\ngoing through and through the disorganized ranks\\nwith lance and sabre until the commandoes were\\nscattered and the rout complete.\\nPitch darkness reigned on the battlefield when\\nthe bugles sounded the rally, and company officers\\nvainly strove to collect their forces. All hands\\nsearch for wounded The worn-out soldiers\\nresponded with alacrity. Groans and cries for\\nhelp, in English and Taal, arose in the darkness.\\nThe soldiers, from breathing out threatenings and\\nslaughter against the Boers, became their Good Sa-\\nmaritans. Majuba avenged had been their\\ncheer of victory, and now by tending the wounded\\nenemy they heaped coals of fire on the race who\\nin 81 had left the British wounded to die on the\\nveldt. Tommy Atkins, to those who know him,\\nis like a big-hearted, rough, generous schoolboy.\\nHis solicitation for his wounded foe, the foe whose\\npluck he had now learned to respect, is a touch-\\ning tribute to the British private.\\nOn the hillside Bennet, Burleigh, and Nevinson,\\nthe war correspondents, found old General Koch\\n115", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0153.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nmortally wounded. A mattress was at once sent,\\nand as he was too ill to be moved, a tarpaulin was\\nrigged over Mm. Near-by lay his son. Judge Koch,\\nand Count Zipplein, sorely wounded. De Jong,\\nof the Educational Department, and Dr. Coster\\nwere among the killed. Joubert s grand-nephew\\nand many of the prominent officials were wounded\\nseverely. Sixty-four dead Boers were found on\\nthe hill the cavalry charge accounted for as\\nmany more. Three hundred prisoners were taken,\\nincluding the ex-German officer Schiel, Von Leg-\\ngelo, the detective De Villiers, Dewithaker of the\\nRaad, De Witt Hamer, Figulus, young Cronje,\\nFindall, Wagner, and many other notables. Of\\nthese prisoners one third were wounded. The ag-\\ngregate British loss was 247, the officers in large\\nproportion. The Gordons headed the list with a\\nloss of 26 per cent rank and file, but 78 per cent\\nof the regimental officers had fallen.\\nThe worn-out troops formed a bivouac in the\\nBoer laager, where wagon-loads of loot from North\\nNatal were recaptured, with the arms and equip-\\nment of an entire commando. The night was bit-\\nterly cold, and a heavy rain turned the ground\\ninto a swamp. But pouches and blankets were\\ncheerfully relinquished for the wounded, Boer and\\nBriton, and four Highlanders were lifted from the\\nsolitary fire, sustained by ration boxes, because\\nfour Boers, wounded by shrapnel, needed it worse\\n116", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0154.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0155.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0156.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "Aftermath of the Battle\\nthan us. Fresh, water was scarce also, and gen-\\nerous Tommy moved among the wounded\\nenemy with All I ve got left, chum! and many\\ngave up the chance to rest, and generously aided\\nDr. Davies and his assistants in caring for the\\nwounded. Many of these lay among the rocks\\nundiscovered until daylight, some unfortunately\\nto perish from exposure.\\nDr. Bonnyhrook of the Colonial service and Rev.\\nA. J. Andrews, chaplain of the Natal Rifles, on\\nSunday morning followed the Boer line of retreat\\nfor seven miles, tending those who had fallen hy\\nthe wayside exhausted from wounds. They met\\ntwenty-five armed but famished burghers who ab-\\njectly surrendered to the doctor, believing the\\nBoer cause lost.\\nAll the wounded were taken to Ladysmith, ac-\\ncommodation being found for them in the town-\\nhall, the churches, and in tents on the cricket\\nground. The Boer prisoners were sent by train\\nto Durban, and thence shipped to Cape Town.\\nThe moral effect of the costly victory of Elands-\\nlaagte was great. From henceforth the Boer\\nlearned to respect the British soldier, having proved\\nthe fallacy of his contempt engendered at Majuba\\nand Krugersdorp. But the battle gained little\\nmaterial benefit, since De Wet s command moved\\nin and occupied the town two days later, and\\nfixed on the burial party sent with Inspector\\n117", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0157.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nPetley to inter the British and Boer dead, driving\\nthem back to Ladysmith. Boer character is com-\\nplex hospital corps, burial detail, all are rooineks,\\nand as such must be destroyed, is the argument\\nof the average farmer. But after a strong protest\\nby the prisoner Judge Koch to Joubert, the in-\\nterment was allowed.\\nThe object of the attack at Elandslaagte to reopen\\ncommunications with Dundee and relieve pressure\\non that side was but partly accomplished; but the\\ntrend of events in Natal proved how shamefully\\nignorant were the British authorities as to the mili-\\ntary strength and preparation of the republics. The\\nmobilization of troops at Dundee, so near the border,\\nhad furnished a plausible excuse to the Transvaal\\nfor declaring war. Strategically the position was\\nof small importance, and its communications were\\nmenaced from the Drakensberg passes the moment\\nthe Free State threw in its lot with the Transvaal.\\nThe coal fields were of value to the colony, but\\nso greatly had the initiative of the enemy been\\nunderrated that even the victories of Talana Hill\\nand Elandslaagte failed to jiistify the maintenance\\nof the position.\\nWhile General French was assailing Elandslaagte,\\nand the Dundee forces were resting after their\\nvictory, the main Boer forces for which Meyer should\\nhave waited before risking assault, closed in. In\\n118", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0158.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "Retreat of the Dundee Column\\nthe afternoon a 40-poiinder commenced to shell the\\ncamp from the liills north of Dundee. General\\nYule, who had succeeded General Symons, despatched\\nthe field batteries to reply to the gun, but other\\npieces of heavy calibre were turned against them,\\nand they accomplished little in the unequal duel.\\nAt sunset the troops occupied a position beyond the\\ntown prepared to withstand a night attack, but they\\nreturned to camp at daybreak, where they received\\nthe cheering news of the Elandslaagte victory.\\nGeneral Yule at once sent his cavalry to intercept\\nfugitives moving down the Ladysmith road. The\\nHussars became engaged, however, with a fresh\\ncolumn, and retired as the Boers again began to\\nshell the camp and town. Erasmus and Vegan had\\nnow joined Joubert, and scouts reported the enemy\\nin force and closing on Dundee on all sides. The\\ninhabitants had fled to Rowan s farm, remembering\\nBoer outrages in the previous war, and since 12,000\\nBoers were now menacing 3,000 British, General\\nSymons, who was rapidly sinking, advised Yule to\\nendeavor to save the command from annihilation\\nby retiring to Ladysmith, leaving him and the\\nwounded behind.\\nIt was finally determined to retreat by a circuitous\\nroute via Beith, and under cover of the night the\\nforce evacuated camp, leaving lighted candles in the\\nempty tents, and camp-fires blazing to mislead the\\nBoers. The Rifles, under Major Campbell, acted as\\n119", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0159.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe advance guard, Colonel Dartnell of the Natal\\npolice guiding the troops. By continuous marching\\nthe column on Monday afternoon reached the en-\\ntrance of the Waschbank Pass, tlirough which the\\nroad crosses the Biggarsberg Range. The enemy\\nwas known to be in the vicinity, and surprise here\\nmeant annihilation. A spy had been caught helio-\\ngraphing at Inyiti, but apparently his message mis-\\ncarried, and after a short halt a second night-march\\nbrought the force safely through the defile to the\\nWaschbank River, where the exhausted troops bivou-\\nacked for rest on Tuesday morning.\\nJoubert did not discover that Yule had withdrawn\\nthrough his faulty picket lines, until midday on\\nMonday. He then detached a large force to cut off\\nthe British column in the Biggarsberg. Though\\nhis advance was retarded by worn-out infantry and\\ntransport, the mobile burghers failed to overtake\\nYule, until his force had reached the open country\\nbeyond. Here the Boers showed their traditional\\nhatred of fighting out of cover, and did not attempt\\nan attack.\\nKeen anxiety prevailed in Ladysmith for Yule s\\nforce. Scouts having reported a strong commando\\nagain occupying Elandslaagte, White, on Tuesday,\\nOctober 24th, moved out toward Modder Spruit, in-\\ntending to bivouac near the cross-roads to facilitate\\nYule s retirement. His force, an infantiy brigade\\n(2d King s Royal Rifles, Devons, Gloucesters, and\\n120", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0160.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "Battle of Tinta Inyoni\\nLiverpools) supported by the 42d and 53d Field and\\nloth Mountain Batteries, R. A., the 5th Lancers,\\n19th Hussars, Imperial Light Horse, and Natal Rifles,\\n4500 in all, halted at Modder Spruit at 8 A. m. The\\nenemy developed in force at Rietfontein, however,\\nmenacing the direct road to Dundee, and the Beith\\nroute on the line of Yule s march. They disclosed\\ntheir main position on Mattowan Hoek by dropping\\nshells into a resting battery on the Newcastle road.\\nThe British gunners rapidly came into action be-\\nyond the railroad, and though well-ranged shell from\\nthe hill inflicted some loss on the artillery and\\ncavalry, the Boer guns were soon pounded into\\nsilence. The enemy presented an irregular front on\\nthe steep sides of the Tinta Inyoni and Mattowan\\nHoek, along the connecting nek, and among the\\nbroken kopjes and ridges at the base of the hills.\\nThe old-fashioned farmers of the Heidelberg and\\nPotchefstroom commandoes under De Wet, had dis-\\ncarded the Mauser with contempt, crediting the new-\\nfangled rifle with the previous defeats. Crouching\\nbehind the innumerable boulders over the wide\\nhillsides, with unerring Martini-Henrys, they sus-\\ntained an effective individual fire, making a difficult\\nand extended target despite the smoke from their\\ncartridges.\\nWith the batteries the Liverpools and Gloucesters\\nadvanced in extended order against a high ridge\\nfacing the hills, driving back the enemy from the\\n121", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0161.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\noutlying positions. The Devons were in support,\\nthe Rifles moving over to the left flank, where\\nthe Light-Horse were heavily engaged early in the\\nbattle. The regular cavalry cleared a commando\\nout of the valley on the right, that was waiting to\\nassail the British rear guard, and forced them back\\nto Mattowan, the 53d battery heavily shelling the\\nfugitives as they retired across the open. The\\nirrepressible Colonials on the extreme flank by\\nModder Spruit station drove in the enemy on that\\nside. This combined attack caused a general con-\\ncentration of the burghers on their main position on\\nthe higher slopes of the two eminences, and on a\\nkopje rising from the nek that connected them.\\nHere they commanded the entire British line from\\nan unassailable position, but they were severely\\nrestricted by the continuous shower of shrapnel\\nfrom the ridge below.\\nThe Devons were sent forward to augment the\\nfiring line, and while the mountain guns shelled the\\nriflemen swarming among the boulders on Mattowan,\\nthe 53d battery raked the kopje and lower ridges,\\nthe 42d partially silencing a terrific but individual\\nrifle fixe from the tall summit of Tinta Inyoni.\\nAn assault on such an extensive position was\\nbeyond question for White s slender forces. Even\\nhad the single brigade successfully stormed the\\nmountainous eminences, the enemy, while leaving\\nenough men to sustain a stout resistance, could have\\n122", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0162.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "Battle of Tinta Inyoni\\ndetached a force sufficient to menace the guns and\\nbreak communications with Ladysmith until the wait-\\ning Free Staters had advanced from their passes\\nagainst the town. The operations also were planned\\nonly to clear the road and act as a diversion to cover\\nYule s retreat. For some unexplained reason, how-\\never, taking advantage of the slackened firing, the\\nGloucesters swept beyond the ridge into the open.\\nThey instantly became the target for every Boer\\nrifle in range, and were forced to fall back to cover,\\nleaving Colonel Wilford and a tenth of their num-\\nber on the field. The medical staff, though exposed\\nto continuous fire from the indiscriminating enemy,\\nthen brought in the wounded successfully, the\\nHindoo dhooUe carriers behaving with conspicuous\\ngallantry.\\nDespite recent rains, the veldt was lit by bursting\\nshrapnel and burned fiercely at midday. Boer\\nresistance then gradually subsided. But under\\ncover of the smoke a large force was attempting to\\nwork round the extreme flank to cut off White\\nfrom Ladysmith, and only the watchfulness of the\\nColonials saved the British from an awkward devel-\\nopment. The Volunteers, recalled hurriedly from\\nthe Spruit, cantered round sharply, and covered by\\na ridge on the southern end of the valley outflanked\\nthe flankers and opened with carbine and Maxim.\\nAssisted by the Rifles they drove the enemy back\\nto Tinta Inyoni, while the Liverpools and Devons\\n123", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0163.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nextended, encompassing the front and flanks with a\\nthin line.\\nAfter the failure of their counter manoeuvre, par-\\nties of the enemy were seen retiring, however. Their\\nfire was gradually reduced to the crackling of reso-\\nlute sharpshooters hiding in the rocks, until at 2.30\\nresistance ended and the fight flickered out. White,\\nhaving received definite news of Yule, then with-\\ndrew his forces, and occupied salient points along\\nthe line of retreat of the Dundee column. Through\\nfaulty communications, the Volunteers were left on\\nthe extreme flank and were heavily engaged by the\\nbaffled but by no means defeated enemy. They\\nextricated themselves with difficulty and retired on\\nLady smith.\\nAfter practically continuous service night and day\\nfrom the opening of Friday morning s fight at Dun-\\ndee, Yule s worn-out force was preparing to bivouac\\non the Waschbank River, when they heard the guns\\nopen at Eietfontein. The mounted troops were at\\nonce despatched to attempt to take the Boers in rear,\\nbut another squadron of the diminished Hussars was\\ncut off and surrounded, though after continuous fight-\\ning they finally reached Ladysmith.\\nUnfortunately, a heavy storm had swelled the Sun-\\nday River to a torrent that the column could not cross.\\nDuring the enforced halt the commandoes retiring\\nfrom the Rietfontein engagement passed perilously\\n124", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0164.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "The Retreat from Dundee\\nclose to, but without discovering, Yule s camp, where\\nthe column lay sleeping beneath the torrent of the\\nopened heavens. The British pickets wisely held\\ntheir fire, for the force was in no condition for a\\npitched battle. On Wednesday the flood had sub-\\nsided, and the column crossed the river with the loss\\nof a single wagon and again marching the entire\\nnight to get beyond the mysterious enemy, Yule s\\nadvance guard was soon in touch with the Border\\nRifles. The rest of their line of march was covered,\\nand they reached Ladysmith on Thursday morning.\\nTheir march will go down to history. Remember,\\nwithout a square meal they had fought on Friday,\\nmarched and skirmished on Saturday, passed the\\nnight and Sunday under arms, marched all Sunday\\nnight, all day on Monday, with but a short rest\\nbefore another march through Monday night and\\nwell into Tuesday morning. Then part of the force\\nhad operated against the enemy toward Rietfontein,\\nothers performing continuous picket duty during the\\nstormy bivouac on Tuesday night, when fires could\\nnot be lighted. The column had come straight on\\nthrough the last thirty-four miles of mud all day on\\nWednesday and through Wednesday night well into\\nThursday morning, when they reached Ladysmith.\\nThe soggy soil of South Africa had caked round their\\nfeet and legs, adding pounds in weight to each step,\\nretarded a hundredfold by the suction of the slough\\nthrough which they marched. No wonder the men\\n125", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0165.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nmoved into town dejectedly, until tlie frantic clieers\\nof soldier and civilian threw spirit into the lagging\\nbodies and fire into the bloodshot eyes. Their heads\\nwere then thrown proudly up, their steps became\\nregular and brisk, and they swung into camp as\\nthough on C. O. s parade.\\nTheir brother Tommies stood by, eager to help,\\nand as the dismiss rang out, rifles and equipment\\nwere seized, and the haggard, mudcaked men were\\ndragged off by their delighted comrades to a hearty\\nbreakfast. But most were too tired to eat they soon\\ndi opped on the ground in sheer weariness, the garri-\\nson scraping the mud from the hidden putties and\\nremoving chafing boots from feet raw as beef with\\nmuch marching.\\nNot until midday on Monday, had the Boers dis-\\ncovered that Dundee was evacuated. During the\\nmorning, despite the flag, they dropped shell into\\nthe field hospital among the abandoned wounded.\\nErasmus had been told that the captured wounded of\\nMeyer s force had been dragged behind the British\\nguns. He was surprised to find them in cots side by\\nside with the wounded soldiers he had so brutally\\nshelled. At midday an armed party galloped into\\nthe town, abusing the few townspeople who had\\nremained, and seizing horses and aujrthing that took\\ntheir individual fancy. Mrs. Weir, one of the Red\\nCross nurses, was brutally kicked by one truculent\\nbrute.\\n126", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0166.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "Death of General Symons\\nLater in the day a more disciplined detachment\\nunder Zuderberg arrived and hoisted the fourcolor\\nover the court house. The field cornet assured the\\ninhabitants that all property would be respected,\\nbut he must commandeer provisions for his force.\\nThis also included the liquor from the stores the\\nburghers were soon tipsy and out of hand, and a\\ngeneral looting of the town started. The contents\\nof houses and stores were thrown out into the road,\\neach man loading his horse with what he needed.\\nWeighed down with plunder they retired at sunset,\\npassing the hospital jeering and cursing the English.\\nWithin, General Symons was slowly dying. Prac-\\ntically a prisoner, separated from the command he\\nhad led to victory, humiliated by the Boer mani-\\nfestations that stirred the soldier spirit living un-\\ndaunted in the maimed, suffering body, his last\\nmoments were of pathetic interest. At home the\\nwhole country was applauding his gallant fight he\\nlay dying in the enemy s hands. As the sun was\\nsetting, with the cries of the burghers ringing in his\\nears, the brave soldier died as he had lived.\\nWhen the looters disappeared a guard of stolid old\\nburghers took charge of the town, a magistrate was\\nappointed, and order enforced. General Symons was\\nburied next morning in the little English church-\\nyard. The Rev. Mr. Bagley held a short service, but\\nnot a drum was heard, nor a funeral note not a sol-\\ndier discharged a farewell shot. The body, shrouded\\n127", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0167.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nin a Union Jack that had escaped the enemy s\\nnotice, had but few mourners, medical officers and\\ncivilians, and a few respectful burghers, but a nation s\\nsympathy has gone out to that lonely grave in Africa,\\nand though little he recks it, the laurels of a nation s\\ngratitude rest on the tomb. A touch of nature makes\\nthe world akin. Brave old Joubert, when he found\\na cabled message from Lady Symons among the\\nGeneral s papers, at once sent a despatch expressing\\nhis sympathy to the widow.\\nIn the afternoon the residue of Meyer s defeated\\nforce returned to the town, bursting with revenge for\\ntheir defeat of Friday. The Boer town guard was\\nimpotent, the looting of the stores was completed;\\nthe burghers drank up a quantity of liquor they\\ndiscovered, and assumed so threatening an attitude\\nthat the few English who had remained in the\\nhouses, left the town. Some of these were cap-\\ntured, and after a rough mauling and the sugges-\\ntion of summary execution to save trouble, they were\\ndragged off as spies to General Meyer, who was\\ncamped several miles away. He at once set them\\nat liberty with apologies.\\nBut loyalists of Dutch extraction who refused to\\njoin the Boer forces were held as traitors. One\\nfamily, the Van Liebenbergs, noted for their loyalty,\\nwere seized on their farm, which was looted and\\nwrecked. The father and the son of fifteen were\\nfirst flogged, then sent to Pretoria. The wife and\\n128", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0168.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "Investment of Ladysmith\\ndaughters were placed in their wagon and isolated\\nin the centre of the Boer commando, closely guarded\\nnight and day, the girls being frequently insulted.\\nThey were then turned adrift without food, leaving\\namid a shower of stones with notice from the com-\\nmandant to clear to the British soldiers, whose\\nmistresses they were only fit to become. This pro-\\nBritish Dutch lady is a distant connection of the\\nSteyns.\\nOver three hundred fugitives, many of them\\nwomen and children, had fled from Dundee as the\\nBoers approached. Travelling in constant rain and\\nwithout food or shelter, they suffered terribly on\\nthe long tramp to Ladysmith, though they were not\\nmolested by the Boer patrols. Some, however, per-\\nished from hunger on the way, and many were saved\\nfrom absolute starvation by British scouting parties,\\nwho cheerfully gave up their scanty rations.\\nHaving failed in his objective at Dundee, Joubert\\nled his entire force toward Ladysmith, the Free\\nState commandoes pouring from the passes to assist\\nin the investment. General White found his now\\naugmented command too worn to strike an immediate\\nblow at the enemy. He has been severely blamed\\nfor not using his cavalry more at this juncture, but\\nmen and horses were utterly exhausted, and required\\nat least a few hours rest. On October 27th, he at-\\ntempted to draw a Transvaal commando located at\\nLombard s Kop, but the enemy who held Dewaal s\\n9 129", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0169.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nfarm were not engaged until nearly sunset. He biv-\\nouacked to renew the attack at daybreak; but the\\nBoers withdrew in the night, under Joubert s explicit\\norders not to risk further battle until the forces were\\ncompletely mobilized. On the 28th, General French\\nmade a reconnaissance in force toward Mount Bul-\\nwhana, which in every-day parlance means that he\\nmarched out to surprise the enemy, and finding the\\nattack impractical, withdrew with information more\\nor less useful.\\nOn Sunday, the 29th, Major Heath from a balloon\\nlocated the enemy busily intrenching on Pepworth\\nHill, placing guns on its flat summit to bombard\\nLadysmith. Reconnaissance showed that fresh com-\\nmandoes had occupied other hills in the vicinity. In\\ntheir stupendous ignorance of Boer resources, the\\nauthorities had not dreamed of the complete invest-\\nment of Ladysmith, and they had little numerical\\nconception of the invading forces. During the after-\\nnoon the famous Long Tom commenced to shell\\nthe town, and White determined to assault the posi-\\ntion at daybreak, hoping with his entire force to re-\\npeat his previous successes.\\nScouts having reported a wide gap between the\\nTransvaalers at Pepworth and the Free Staters,\\nColonel Carleton with the 1st Gloucesters, 1st Royal\\nIrish Fusiliers, and 10th Mountain Battery was de-\\nspatched on Sunday night to pass between the two\\nforces in the darkness, and hold a hill from which\\n130", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0170.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "Disaster of Nicholson s Nek\\nthe Boer line of retreat would be threatened and the\\nFree Staters kept from the left flank of the main\\ncolumn.\\nWith Major Adye of the staff, the little column\\nmarched out at 10 P. m., and silently wended its way\\nin the darkness. All went well until midnight,\\nwhen the force was passing through a narrow rocky\\ndefile near their objective. Huge boulders here sud-\\ndenly crashed down the hillside among the infantry.\\nThe order for absolute silence on the march was\\nobeyed, however; the column halted, and the com-\\nmand to lie down was passed in whispers along the\\nline. The halt deceived the Boer outposts on the\\ncliffs above, and mounting their horses they rode\\nrecklessly down the steep hillside, blundering right\\ninto the ammunition mules. With shouts of terror\\nthey spurred their way through and disappeared in\\nthe night ere a shot could be fired, but startled by\\nthe sudden disturbance two mules reared and broke\\nloose from their native drivers. Most of these usu-\\nally plucky Cape boys dropped their reins and\\nbolted, and in the indescribable fear that sometimes\\ndominates the animal breast, battery and ammunition\\nmules burst away in a sudden wild stampede, carry-\\ning the guns, shells, and rifle ammunition with them.\\nThe officers, after quieting their men, admitted the\\nadvisability of retiring; but since this would have\\nleft White s left unprotected, hazarding the success of\\nhis attack, they finally decided to go on and do what\\n131", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0171.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthey could. The force without guns or reserve am-\\nmunition moved over toward Nicholson s Nek, and\\nseized a flat-topped hill and ridge, which they\\nrudely strengthened with rough breastworks before\\ndaybreak.\\nTwo hours before dawn, the main columns left\\nLadysmith, the 7th Brigade, General Hamilton, com-\\nprising the 1st Devons, 1st Manchesters, 2d Gor-\\ndons, and the newly arrived 2d Rifle Brigade, which\\ndetrained from Maritzburg and marched straight to\\nbattle, moved against Pepworth Hill with three field\\nbatteries and the Light Horse. The right column.\\nColonel Grimwood, comprising 1st Leicesters, 1st\\nRifles, 2d Dublin Fusiliers, and 1st Liverpools with\\nthree field batteries, and the Natal volunteer battery,\\nmoved toward Farquhar s Farm. The cavalry bri-\\ngade. General French, and the mounted infantry-\\noperated on the extreme right flank.\\nThe Boer Long Tom opened the fight by drop-\\nping a shell in the main column, on the Newcastle\\nroad. The heavy Creusot 40-pounder had been\\nmounted on Pepworth Hill with stupendous diffi-\\nculty. It was guarded only by a small commando\\nunder De Wet, and the Irish -American corps, com-\\nmanded by Colonel Blake, an erratic West Pointer,\\nand composed mainly of the Rand riff-raff fighting\\nunder a green table-cloth bearing the imposing legend\\nRemember Michelstown. With their corps was\\nthe fiery Major McBride, who ran for member of\\n132", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0172.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "Battle of Pepworth Hill\\nParliament in his borough while he was in Africa\\nbearing arms against his own country. These three\\ncompanies of adventurers provided Dr. Leyds with a\\ncue for his assertion that three thousand Americans\\nand thousands of Irishmen were fighting to up-\\nhold the Transvaal flag.\\nTheir impetuous invitation to battle nearly cost\\nthem dearly. The picket that had blundered on\\nCarleton s column had reported an immense force of\\nBritish toward Nicholson s Nek, which caused a gen-\\neral diversion of the Boers from Pepworth. But for\\nthe arrival of Meyer s force on the right, depleted\\nby their defeat at Talana and subsequent desertions,\\nbut burning to retrieve their lost prestige, the 7th\\nBrigade would have ousted the Boer-Irish force from\\nthe heights and captured the most famous gun of the\\nrepublic.\\nThe artillery came into action and raked the crest,\\ndriving the gunners from their piece, and wounding\\nBlake, while the infantry drove the Boers gradually\\nback against the base of the hill. Several times\\nLong Tom reopened only to be silenced by the\\npuny field-guns below, and his hours seemed num-\\nbered as the infantry closed in. Heavy firing at\\nNicholson s Nek showed that Carleton was covering\\nthe left, as arranged, and De Wet s burghers and the\\nalien corps looked with dismay at the troops advanc-\\ning against them, and their main force engaged\\nelsewhere.\\n133", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0173.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nThe British right had found the enemy at Far-\\nquhar s farm, when Meyer s column augmented by\\nan eight-gun battery of the Staats artillery arrived.\\nThe guns rapidly came into action; while, covered by\\nsuccessive kopjes, the Boer riflemen opened at deadly\\nrange on Grim wood s left flank. The Manchesters\\nwere at once detached from the centre to reinforce\\nthe right, but at this juncture other commandoes\\nmoved from the direction of Lombard s Kop against\\nGrimwood s right, and he was almost enveloped.\\nFrench s cavalry brigade was operating far on the\\nright, and dismounting his troopers he edged in, meet-\\ning this advance with carbine fire but the squadrons\\nwere almost cut off from their horses, and Hamilton,\\nleaving only one battery to shell Pep worth, was\\nobliged to move his force over from the centre to\\navert disaster.\\nBy accidental strategy, of which their leaders had\\npromptly taken advantage, the Boers had been en-\\nabled to deliver effective counter attacks their rapid\\nchange of front and the timely arrival of reinforce-\\nments negatived the entire British plan. Other\\ncommandoes now closed in with Maxims and an\\nautomatic quick-firer, and Grimwood s brigade,\\ngreatly outnumbered, was forced to retire across the\\nopen, the batteries and Hamilton s brigade covering\\nthe movement.\\nAnother practical lesson of the overwhelming num-\\nber of the invading Boers was furnished at this\\n134", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0174.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "e", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0175.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0176.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "Battle of Pepworth Hill\\njuncture, when a despatch was delivered to White\\nannouncing that a force of the enemy with artillery\\nwas menacing Ladysmith from the north. The com-\\nmandoes that had been led toward Bell s Sjjruit, by\\nthe exaggerated reports of Carleton s column, had\\nassisted in overwhelming this small and handicapped\\ncommand, and under cover of the main action had\\nadvanced against the Ladysmith outposts. Reluc-\\ntantly White gave the order for a general retreat,\\nthe enemy pressing close the moment the infantry\\nfell back.\\nThe artillery pluckily held their ground under\\na terrific fire from rifles and machine and field\\nguns, while the advance battalions retired doggedly\\nthrough the intervals between the batteries. But\\ncircling round the kopjes surrounding the valley,\\nthe mobile riflemen pressed forward on the British\\nflanks, delivering a heavy enfilade fire. It was first\\nfight for most of them, and with impetuosity stirred\\nby the British retirement, and beautifully covered by\\ntheir guns on the surrounding hills, they ran the\\ntired regiments hard.\\nColonel Coxhead then saved the day with the\\nguns. The 13th and 53d batteries galloped for-\\nward through a shower of projectiles, and faced anni-\\nhilation to cover the retreat. It was not for nothing\\nthat the 13th had been called the model battery at\\nthe Okehampton contest. First under Flint, then\\nunder Lambard, it had been licked into shape by two\\n135", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0177.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nof the best gunners in the army. I have frequently-\\nheard Lambard say that his detachments and drivers\\nwere fit to go anywhere and fit to do anything.\\nHe was denied the satisfaction of seeing the extreme\\ntest of his training, but under Dawkins the battery\\nhas well sustained its reputation, the 53d running\\nit a dead heat for bravery.\\nSteadily, as on parade, the gunners hammered the\\nBoer pursuit until the burghers were checked. The\\nvicious Vickers-Maxim, however, was turned against\\nthe gunners flank and sent a rapid stream of one-\\npound shells among the guns until it was fought and\\ntemporarily silenced by a subdivision of the 53d.\\nAt this juncture Joubert s entire army had closed in\\nto harass the British retirement, and the two light\\nfield batteries faced them and checked them until\\nthe column was safe, and then retired alternately,\\none unlimbering and opening fire while the other fell\\nback to a position behind it. As the guns of the\\n53rd started in turn to retire, the phut-phut gun for\\na minute gained steady range on subdivision 6,\\nkilling five horses out of the gun team. The\\nother gunners galloped on, looking on the gun as\\nlost, Boers, swarming over the broken ground on all\\nsides, rapidly spurred in, firing heavily from the\\nsaddle but when capture seemed imminent, the two\\nlimber gunners who had escaped stood by the trail-\\neye, and unlimbering from the wreck, hooked the\\ngun to a wagon limber and team brought back by\\n136", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0178.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "White Retires to Ladysmith\\nBombardier Saunders, and the piece was safely\\nextricated.\\nAnother gun was overturned in a ditch, the team\\nbeing piled up indescribably. Lieutenant Higgins\\nand the surviving gunners extricated the drivers,\\nunhitched and untangled the team, and righted the\\ngun, bringing it up safely at a gallop amid the cheers\\nof their comrades. The enemy, covered by a hedge,\\ncrawled in close, and delivered a severe fire during\\nthe operation.\\nThe nature of the ground enabled the Boers to fol-\\nlow the retiring columns at easy rifle range without\\nbecoming endangered by the fire of their own artil-\\nlery.. But news of the defeat had already reached\\nLadysmith, where the naval contingent from H. M.\\nS. Terrible had just detrained from Durban with\\ntwo naval quick firers which had been placed on field\\nmountings, hurriedly but effectively constructed by\\nCaptain Scott, R. N. Lieutenant Egerton, unable\\nto obtain transportation for the guns, rigged drag-\\nropes, and his men hauled the heavy pieces to meet\\nthe force and cover their retirement.\\nAs the column wound over the rising ground lead-\\ning into Ladysmith, the heavy Boer guns again\\nopened accurately, the first shot blowing an am-\\nbulance and its occupants to pieces. But to the\\nsurprise of the Boers, religiously supplied with in-\\nformation respecting the army by disloyal Natal\\nDutch, successive shells from guns that ranged their\\n137", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0179.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nown, rapidly silenced Long Tom, and drove the\\nStaats gunners from their Krupps, scoring at least\\none success in the day of failure.\\nNot until nightfall did Ladysmith learn of the fate\\nof the devoted regiments which had faced certain\\ndisaster rather than jeopardize the success of the\\nplanned attack. After an anxious night, daybreak\\nhad revealed an overwhelming force of the enemy\\nclosing in on them. Unfortunately the position on\\nthe nek that Carleton had seized in the darkness,\\nwas commanded by neighboring hills, and a dropping\\nfire soon raged around the Gloucesters and Irish from\\nan unseen foe lurking among the rocks above and\\nbeyond them. For a time the fire was returned, but\\nammunition was soon exhausted. The little force\\nthen was entirely surrounded, and though the rap-\\nidly thinning ranks waited with fixed bayonets, ex-\\npecting relief from the centre, the location of the\\nfiring soon apprised them of White s retirement.\\nDead and wounded were piled up inside the ineffec-\\ntual shelters, but the men grimly held their ground,\\nand the old Boer subterfuge of sounding Retire!\\nto lure them into the open, failed to draw.\\nThen word was passed along the line that the\\nwhite flag was raised and the force was to surren-\\nder; and Boers rapidly rode toward the position, sig-\\nnalling the men to lay down their rifles. There was\\na yell of defiance from the soldiers. The Glouces-\\nters and Fusiliers fought together at Waterloo; the\\n138", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0180.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "Surrender at Nicholson s Nek\\nlatter were the celebrated Faugh a ballaghs who\\nhad cleared the way in many combats, and officers\\nand men shouted that they would not surrender.\\nBut the leading burghers pointed to a low spur in\\nthe centre, jutting from the nek the white flag was\\ncertainly waving, by order, the officers supposed,\\nand it was their duty to order their men to lay\\ndown their arms.\\nBut for once their orders were not obeyed, and\\neven the unarmed gunners of the stampeded battery\\nseized rifles from dead men and prepared to help re-\\nsist with the bayonet. But the subalterns entreated\\ntheir companions not to violate the flag, but to obey\\norders. Some officers snatched guns from their men\\nand threw them to the ground, and finally reason\\nprevailed. Several officers broke their swords, and\\nas the Boers closed in, the men flung themselves\\non the ground, cursing and weeping. They were\\nmade prisoners by Commandant Steenekamp, their\\nwounded being treated with every consideration.\\nSleiman escorted the captured men to Pretoria.\\nIt subsequently transpired that the flag had been\\nraised by a wounded sergeant of the Gloucesters,\\nwho with ten men had survived a party holding an\\noutlying and exposed position. Unable to move,\\nand believing from the cessation of the firing above\\nthem that they were abandoned, they tied a handker-\\nchief to a rifle which was stuck upright by the\\nbayonet in the ground before their breastwork; and\\n139", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0181.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ngreatly surprised were they to hear the shouts of\\ntheir comrades above them when the Boer volleys\\nstopped.\\nFurther resistance, however, would have entailed\\nuseless slaughter, but officers and men stoutly claim,\\nWe did not surrender, we were surrendered, and\\nthere is no discredit to those concerned. I do not\\nknow, however, why a force was sent to operate in a\\ndifficult and dangerous country without some system\\nof communication with the centre or base. Lack of\\ncavalry cannot be the excuse.\\nDespite the signal victories of Dundee, Elands-\\nlaagte, and the success at Rietfontein, White now\\nfound the enemy closing in on all sides in a strength\\nthat the colonial authorities had little dreamed of.\\nThe awakening of Pepworth Hill had cost heavily in\\nkilled, wounded, and missing, and but for the urgent\\nrepresentations of the Colonial Government to hold\\nLadysmith at all costs. White would have fallen back\\nacross the Tugela to await reinforcements.\\nDuring the siege of Badajoz, Lieutenant, after-\\nwards Sir, Harry Smith saved the honor of a beauti-\\nful young Spanish countess. The age of chivalry\\nwas not then dead, and the sequel to the romance is\\nthat the young officer became one of the few success-\\nful administrators in South Africa, and Lady Smith,\\nwho followed her husband through his adventurous\\ncareer, shared his popularity. Hence, Harrismith in\\nthe Free State and Ladysmith in Natal. The latter\\n140", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0182.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "Isolation of Ladysmith\\nsettlement, -which has since grown into an important\\ntown, was built on the flat ground sloping down to\\nthe Klip River. Enclosed and commanded on three\\nsides by a horse-shoe of hills, it proved an ideal place\\nfor Boer investment. But the hero of Childulktean\\nand Charasiah immediately prepared for defence,\\nsending out most of his women and children to\\nMaritzburg, expecting at least to be able to sustain\\ncommunications along the railroad to Durban, how-\\never, though some stores were hurried to the front.\\nTrain after train of wounded and refugees were sent\\ndown country to escape the perils of bombardment,\\nbut absolute siege was not expected.\\nOn November 2d, French with cavalry and artil-\\nlery made a sortie toward B esters, shelling the Boers\\nout of a laager. Much more of this sort of work\\nmight have been done by surprising isolated com-\\nmandoes and night attacks, but after Nicholson s\\nNek, White was naturally cautious. The troops also\\nwere engaged on heavy fatigue and garrison duty,\\nbeing chiefly occupied in building defences for the\\ntown. Had the natives been hired or even impressed,\\nas a military necessity, with good pay, black labor\\nmight have accomplished much of this work. Indi-\\ngent natives afterwards had to be fed, and no great\\ndifficulty stood in the way of their employment, as in\\nKimberley and Mafeking, leaving the troops free\\nfor military purposes. But close investment was\\nnot expected until farmers from the South flocked\\n141", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0183.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ninto Ladysmith with stories of wanton outrage and\\nplunder, and it dawned on the little garrison that\\nthey were being hemmed in. The cordon grew\\ntighter, and on the 4th, the enemy was seen hov-\\nering in the vicinity of Colenso, where the line\\ncrosses the Tugela. General French left on the\\narmored train for Durban that morning to arrange\\nfor reinforcements, and the cars were shelled ineffec-\\ntually. Later in the day the small garrison holding\\nColenso was attacked and driven south, the rails\\nwere torn up, hills in the vicinity closely occupied,\\nand despite two desperate and successful sorties, the\\nisolation of Ladysmith, with its garrison of ten thou-\\nsand men, was completed on the following day.\\n142", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0184.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI\\nCape Town Political and Military. Landing of\\nTHE Army. Buller s Force, Disposition of the\\nColumns.\\nAdamastoe rose in his wrath, and in the garb of\\npolitics swept down the Caudine forks of Afrikan-\\nderism, upsetting the habitual calm that Cape Town\\nderives from its guardian giant Table Mountain.\\nBy an accident of transportation I was outside the\\nBoer lines but there was a moment of doubt could\\nthis be a British colony? The Union Jack was\\nwaving and the gentleman in khaki was on the\\nstreet it was Cape Town, not Pretoria. Yet Boer\\nsuccesses all along the line, Ladysmith, Kimberley,\\nand Mafeking invested Whence, then, these smiling\\nfaces, the guttural congratulations, the portentous\\nair, asinus portat mysteria\\nWe cannot help rejoicing at the victory of our\\nbrothers over British oppression, said my acquaint-\\nance, an hahitue of Camp Street.\\nOppression\\nWell, yes. Africa for Afrikanders, you know,\\nlike your favorite theme, Cuba for the Cubans.\\n143", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0185.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nCuba Soutli Africa My mind reverted to the\\nfar Antilles, the starving women and children,\\nperishing conscripts, the shambles of la Cabana, the\\ndeportados^ scenes of war, murder, starvation, and\\nsudden death of a land dripping with blood under\\nWeyler s iron hand. I looked around me the young\\nAfrikanders were parading on the strength of the\\ngood news there was a general and open jubila-\\ntion over imperial reverse. 0ns Land, a newspaper\\nthat surpassed Pretorian sheets in virulence and\\nrabid invective, and other notorious pro-Boer\\norgans were on the street. But where was British\\noppression\\nMy friend could not specify grievances. True,\\nthe Colony made its own laws, determined its own\\nrevenue, boasted its own parliament. Stranger yet,\\nthe Dutch, I mean the Afrikander party, these victims\\nof oppression, were in absolute power. They had\\nelected their own Cabinet, held their debates in\\nDutch, and by the freest of representative franchise,\\nran the colony a British colony as they listed.\\nBut all this is not enough for your retrogressive\\nCape-Boer. He had one and only one fault to find\\nwith the liberal constitution of this Crown colony:\\nit guarantees equal rights to all and an Englishman\\nor American has the same privileges as he has, and\\nthe black also if he has the educational qualifications\\nof a voter. In short, here is a country every bit as\\nfree and universal as the United States, with the\\n144", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0186.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "Traitors in Cape Town\\nprotection of England s vast resources, for which\\nthe colonists are not taxed one penny. No wonder\\nthe intelligent foreigner, after suffering under the ad-\\nministrators of the Transvaal, welcomes the prospect\\nof the extension of such a constitution north of the\\nVaal, since his efforts to gain a true republic, under\\nwhich all could become citizens of the land of their\\nadoption, had proved abortive and hopeless.\\nOf course ere long I located the loyal sections, and\\nthough quieter they are in majority. And in the\\ngatherings that pray for British victory and work for\\nthe soldiers of their empire, the visitor, even if he\\nthinks he knows his Cape Town well in peace, will be\\nsurprised to find so large a proportion Dutch. The\\nwar has wrought many changes, dividing the sheep,\\nthe goats, and the wolves in sheep s clothing but the\\nprogressive element of the Dutch, the very best of\\nthat I aaZ-speaking race, has come out strongly for\\ncountry and Queen. Like their historical relatives\\nin North America, they have quietly accepted the\\nrule under which their destiny is cast, and by reason\\nof their ties to the country they are the best people\\nSouth Africa could have. For nearly a century they\\nhave lived under British rule they believe in its\\nbenefits, since the people s is the hand that guides it.\\nThese Dutch loyalists are the salt of the earth, and\\nevery year their number grows in combination for\\nthe common good.\\nAnd note these well, gentle Americans of Dutch\\n10 145", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0187.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ndescent! Your sympatliies have been enlisted for\\nthe Boer republics because you feel that they are\\npeopled by those of your own blood. Granted\\nthe sturdy development of Boer character, the cor-\\nruption and oppression of the countries cannot be\\ngainsaid. Ere you throw your sympathy with the\\nmisguided, look well into the race, for the ties of\\nblood and language are more fancied than real. His-\\ntory will show you that the voortrekkers were not the\\npurest or the most enlightened Dutch. If you are\\nguided by race do not overlook the pure Dutch mer-\\nchants, traders, and professional men who remained\\nnear Cape Town. Their language was the language\\nof your progenitors not Taal. To-day they speak\\nthe English language with you they are your true\\nblood relatives and they share your truest ideals.\\nThey have spent nearly a century with Anglo Saxons,\\nmaking a common cause and a common country.\\nGranted that their first aim is loyalty to the Queen,\\nbut they are the true Knickerbockers of South Africa,\\nand their second aim, to bind together all nationali-\\nties, English, Dutch, French, and German, savors of\\nthe highest Americanism. With that object there is\\na guild to counteract the evil genii of the Bond.\\nEnrolled therein, besides prominent people of British\\nextraction (Irish included), are the descendants of\\nthe best Dutch, French, Huguenot, and German\\nLutheran families in the colony. With Sir Peter\\nand Lady Faure, the Van der Byls, de Jonghs, Gries-\\n146", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0188.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "Boers or Dutch\\nbachs, Silberbauers, Van Rynevelds, Smits, Van\\nBredas, Redelinghuis, and Zalms, and a host of others\\nthat would fill this chapter to mention, the British\\nflag will be safe in South Africa, for they were born\\nunder it and appreciate the full measure of its liberty.\\nIf blood be thicker than water, it is with the Dutch\\nloyalists that you should sympathize as your nearest\\nkin. Do not forget the homes of these people\\non the borders, sacked because their conscience for-\\nbade their accepting arms to fight against their Queen\\nnor the homeless women whose husbands have been\\nflung into Pretoria jail because, though Dutch, they\\nrefused the mandates of the republics. Their lot is\\nevery bit as hard as that of the lonely Boer women\\nof the Transvaal or Free State. You have been led\\nto believe that this struggle is Dutch versus English,\\nand that the former, republican and colonial, are\\nunited in a common cause. Make no such mistake.\\nThe following figures are given as the strength\\nof the races in South Africa\\nBritish Butch\\nCape Colony 146,224 228,627\\nNatal 51,000 10,000\\nTraBsvaal 120,000 125,000\\nTree State 6,791 70,925\\nIn Cape Colony, among the British enumerated\\nabove, are several thousand young settlers who\\nhave no franchise, and the Dutch vote, almost to a\\n147", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0189.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nman. Yet with this great Dutch preponderance, the\\nBond has returned minorities, and the majority,\\nneither the Dutch nor the British, but the intelligent\\nresidents of South Africa irrespective of nationality,\\nhave legislated in direct opposition to the republics.\\nThe Transvaal has been especially bitter against the\\nCape Colonists, and has favored, not the Dutch, but\\nthe Bdndites only, who are disciples of Reitz and in\\nsome sympathy with Krugerism. To-day the Bond\\nenjoys only a slight majority gained through the\\nsplit in the Rhodes party. Do not forget the Dutch\\non the other side. Ask Dr. Lindley, once prominent\\nwith you, now major in Remington s corps. He\\nknows.\\nIt was with the Bondites that I cast my lot for\\nobservation, and I was not supposed to learn these\\nthings. So great was the desire of my pro-Boer\\nfriends to imbue within me an appreciation of their\\ncause when they learned that my pen might reach\\nthe press of the American people, from whom they\\nexpect so much, that they ignored veracity or con-\\nsistent statement and much as there is to be said on\\ntheir side, they are their own enemies and should be\\nsaved from prejudicing their own cause. My over-\\nrated introduction to a certain Bond leader read:\\nThe bearer by pen and sword fought for the inde-\\npendence of Cuba. He loves the liberty of all men,\\nand represents some leading American papers. Give\\nhim all assistance in your power to learn the truth\\n148", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0190.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "The Africander\\nof the deplorable state of South. Africa. I fear my\\nconception of liberty differed from theirs, but it was\\nnot from want of presentation to their cause.\\nAfrica for Afrikanders the rallying cry of the\\nBond, would be correctly rendered Africa for the\\nultra Cape Dutch. I had expected to find in its\\nranks at least the English Radicals of the colony,\\nbut I found none save the Hofmeyers, Sauers, and\\nsuch. The British Africander, even of the third and\\nfourth generation, has an inherent love of the country\\nof his early progenitors. 0ns land to him is Eng-\\nland. But note this, ultra loyalist and ultra Bondite\\nSustain your loyalty, the one to the mother coun-\\ntry, the other to tradition, but remember, our land,\\nons land, Africa, should be your cry, that you may\\ncombine to rear up a great country and a united\\npeople. You, loyalist, must overcome some of your\\nBritish prejudices and remember, Bondite, that\\nhistory records no successful attempt of government\\nmoulded on your past ideals. Learn a lesson from\\nthe Dutch loyalist, whose motto is Universal liberty\\nfor all South Africa.\\nIf the Bond has had a definite policy to achieve an\\nindependent Dutch South Africa, its members have\\nshown neither foresight nor intelligence in its pursu-\\nance, and have developed no disposition themselves\\nto strike the blow. These Bondites did not know\\ntheir England well they know it better to-day.\\n149", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0191.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nTheir founder, Mr. Reitz, jumped into the State-\\nsecretaryship of the Transvaal when gold promised\\na harvest for Afrikander ideals, and they inwardly\\nhoped that by his infusion to Boer politics the fight-\\ning of Kruger and Steyn would extort a further\\nexhibition of British magnanimity, mistaken as cow-\\nardice by Afrikanders, and accomplish the over-\\nthrow of Anglo Saxon dominance in South Africa.\\nThe Boer summary of British impotence men-\\ntioned in a previous chapter had circulated freely\\nthroughout Afrikanderdom. It was borne out by\\nsuccessive reverses to the imperial arms. But jubi-\\nlation was turned to fear when the more thoughtful\\nelement realized the possibility of Crown control\\nswept away for the institution of Boer supremacy\\non Kruger lines. Scales dropped from the eyes of\\nthese Bondites; they perceived the Transvaal\\nCharybdis looming on their political horizon to ob-\\nscure the small Colonial Of ce Scylla. Kruger was\\nby no means the Washington for their independence,\\nneither did they desire their destiny shaped by the\\nmore popular Steyn. Their racial sympathies had\\nbeen with the republics as they stood, objects of\\nBritish aggression. But when they disclosed arma-\\nments of which the Cape Dutch had never dreamed,\\nand soon dreaded, the danger of Boer dominance\\ncaused representative colonials of all creeds to rally\\nto the imperial cause.\\nThousands of ignorant border farmers, however,\\n150", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0192.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "Colonial Traitors\\nprompted by the early action of the Bond, and misled\\nby Kruger s bibliomancy, took up arms against the\\nBritish. They aided the sacking of loyalists homes,\\nand traitorously acted as spies on all occasions.\\nThey looted and bushwhacked with the Boers, count-\\ning on Bond influence and British magnanimity to\\nescape the penalties of high treason if they had\\njumped on the losing side, with the certainty of\\na rich haul in the spoils if the republics were\\nvictorious.\\nKruger s threat that if these traitors were held\\nresponsible for their treachery he would inflict\\nreprisal on British prisoners of war will gain him\\nscant sympathy from the civilized world. The\\nGovernment warned the colonial Dutch of the\\npenalties of treason; those who replied by taking up\\narms against their country, wantonly destroying the\\nhomes of loyalists, many of their own tongue and\\nblood, must abide by the result,\\nI could fill a chapter with the sloth, deceit, and\\ngeneral shortcomings of the inland Dutch farmer,\\nthough, in deference to the many intelligent Dutch\\nBritish subjects, a special term should distinguish\\nthis type of Afrikander. Olive Schreiner, who is\\nprejudiced enough in their favor, says that the Taal\\ncannot express a subtle emotion or abstract concep-\\ntion, or wide generalization. Their limitations and\\nignorance must be experienced to be appreciated.\\nThe absence of principle in the true Boer, colonial\\n151", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0193.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nor republican, and his bigotry, is unparalleled by\\nany other white race. There are many rebel farm-\\ners who looted their neighbors stock, and to-day\\nare coolly preparing a heavy bill for personal dam-\\nages, fraudulent claims under the clauses of im-\\nperial compensation. These men drove their own\\nand neighbors herds to the enemy, receiving com-\\nmandeer notes from the Boer officials, to be redeemed\\nwhen the English were driven into the sea. They\\nare now ready to present these notes to the British\\ngovernment on the plea that the supplies were for-\\ncibly commandeered, and thus receive recompense,\\nnot only for their own goods, but for the stolen\\nproperty of the loyalists. These latter have no\\npapers to prove their losses, having been driven\\nout in the night to seek a refuge in British lines\\nby the fusillade of a gang of local traitors acting\\nfor the republics, but whom they were unable to\\nrecognize.\\nAt six Dutch farm-houses in succession I once\\nstrove to obtain aid for a wounded black all these\\ngentry, typical of their kind, gave insults instead of\\nmercy. The sturdy wife of a German settler proffered\\neverything, including her bed, had we needed it. I\\nhave yet to meet the man of this very general type\\nwho can look one straight in the eye. The Trans-\\nvaal Boer especially has that hangdog expression,\\nthe shifty eye, that is apt to evoke a perhaps unjust\\ncontempt. And it is because of their limitations,\\n152", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0194.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "Wisdom of Magnanimity\\ntheir colossal ignorance, that it is foolish to overrate\\nthe rebellious instincts of the colonial Boers.\\nLooters and swindlers should be treated as common\\ncriminals, not by court martial or by special tribunal\\nso that the culprits pose as martyrs. Already the\\ntraitorous Bond organ 0ns Land, when referring to\\nthe summary trial of such, heads the article, He is\\nbrought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep\\nbefore her shearers is dumb, and so forth. The colo-\\nnial officials who in violation of their oaths of office\\nreceived the Boers with open arms deserve severe\\ntreatment. The ringleaders of the rebels should be\\nsentenced to imprisonment for life, and released\\nwhen the war is over. But the simple Afrikanders\\nwho took up arms when the Republicans hoisted the\\nvierkleur in their district, and annexed it, deserve\\nevery consideration. The men who were taken re-\\nsisting under arms merit what they are receiving\\nfrom six months to a year in prison; though they\\nshould be released if the war closes earlier.\\nBut those surrendering, and even those sneaking\\nhome hoping to escape detection, need no such pun-\\nishment. With Abderitan simplicity they imbibed\\nthe propagated lies of Boer leaders they saw British\\nterritory invaded with impunity, and believed Lady-\\nsmith taken. White killed, BuUer a prisoner, and\\nthe British army dispersed, even as their local papers\\ntold them. There is much excuse for these. Now\\nthat they find their leaders sur les j oncs, the Boers\\n153", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0195.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nretreating, and the rooineks in possession, they are\\nvery ready to resume the role of peace. Disen-\\nfranchisement will be a necessary measure for those\\nmen, until after the war. They do not deserve the\\npower of vote, until they have grasped the propse-\\ndeutic lessons of their empire and its responsibilities.\\nBy this disenfranchisement, at least thirteen rabid\\nBond members of the Legislative Assembly will be\\nunseated in the next election. This will crumble the\\nnarrow Bond majority and overthrow the present\\nministry. But it would be madness to enforce the\\nsevere penalties urged by many loyalists.\\nThe blundering of the Bond is in a measure\\nresponsible for these traitors. Bond members have\\nwelcomed the enemy to their homes and have ex-\\ntended a willing hospitality to the leaders. Bond\\nblunders in the past misled the Pretorian war party\\nto rely on unanimous rising of the Cape Dutch when\\nhostilities opened. But in the eleventh hour, when\\nthis caucus had taken fullest advantage of political\\nliberty and found their selfish interests likely to\\nsuffer, they paraded their tardy loyalty, waved the\\nUnion Jack, and sang God save the Queen,\\nThe Bond members meet in an old Dutch mansion\\nin Cape Town, a salon presided over by a talented\\nDutch lady, the Madame de Stael of Afrikanderism.\\nThe average members of the Bond may be easily\\ndetected they are polished editions of the Boer,\\nample-waisted, bewhiskered men in tall hats, frock\\n154", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0196.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "Overrating Cape Disloyalty\\ncoats, and the omnipresent rucked up trousers reach-\\ning to the top of elastic side-boots. At the last Cape\\ngeneral election, the numerical inequality of poll-\\ning districts returned an ultra-Dutch majority. The\\nBond was the inspiration of this Parliament it was\\nthe power behind the ministry. The Bond decreed\\nneutrality of the colony in a British war, and that\\nneutrality was in part effected. In consequence, the\\nCape ministry stands charged with responsibility for\\nthe early success of the Boer invasion and the Prime\\nMinister, Mr. Schreiner, has not escaped the brand of\\ntraitor, though history will show how little he deserved\\nthe opprobrious epithet.\\nBut Cape disloyalty has been talked of and magni-\\nfied for political effect until every colonial of Dutch\\nextraction in South Africa is looked upon as a traitor\\nand all Bond members as active factors in the war.\\nBear in mind the blood relationship of the South\\nAfrican Dutch; British subject or Boer, he sprang\\nfrom the same stock, though environment has greatly\\ndetermined his characteristics. The active and passive\\nsympathy for the republics among representative\\nAfrikanders is chiefly racial. The intelligent Dutch\\ncolonial knows that he enjoys a government republi-\\ncan in all but name. His liberty also is guaranteed\\nby his inclusion in the most powerful empire in the\\nworld.\\nIt is charged that the Bond has conspired, in no\\nvery intelligent fashion, with Germany. The Rhodes-\\n155", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0197.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nite party claims to have positive proof that a noted\\nBond leader received X2000 for electioneering pur-\\nposes from the Berliner Handelsgesellschaft, and\\nother evidence of apparent German intrigue is not\\nwanting. But Mr. Hofmeyr, the chairman, speaking\\nfor the Bond, was the first to resent the Emperor\\nWilliam s congratulatory cable, and in an open letter\\nto the colony stated that the seizure of Damaraland\\nwould be the first act of the opposition of United\\nSouth Africans to German aggression; and I know\\nthat he personally warned Kruger not to count upon\\nGermany as a factor in the war with England.\\nEven the ultra Bondites of Cape Colony have\\nprogressed far more during the past decade than\\nhave their brother Afrikanders in the republics, and\\nthe more enlightened members have sustained the\\nBond as a Dutch co-operative society, little influ-\\nenced by its avowed ideals. Many of the most\\nprominent men in present Bond circles have used the\\nassociation only as a means to defeat the Rhodes\\nparty at all hazards not to lessen imperial control.\\nWith them it is the old story of resort to every device\\nfor political capital, and invariably such devices are\\nreactive. The future will show that these men, by\\ndabbling with the anti-British party in colony and\\nrepublics have played directly into the hands of their\\npolitical opponents.\\nForgetting in their factional hatred that the Rhodes\\nparty, professedly at least, was the imperial party,\\n156", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0198.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "A Word to the Loyalist\\nthat by aiming so injudiciously at their opponents\\nit has appeared that they were aiming at the Crown,\\nthese Afrikanders have thrown reckless political\\nboomerangs that are reverting to their own heads.\\nWith the preponderance of home opinion behind\\nthem, the imperialist party are not only urging\\nextreme measures against the republics, but they\\nwill attempt a general political humiliation of the\\nBondites.\\nThe loyalist has learned many things by bitter\\nexperience. In part, his ancestors have lived in South\\nAfrica as long as the Bondites. Those of British\\nextraction are there to stay, and many can go back\\nto colonial great-grandfathers. They have been forced\\nto remain quietly under what they term a traitorous\\nalien administration of a Crown colony. They\\nhave suffered severely in places by what they feel to\\nbe the wilful neglect of the present party, and they\\nresent continuance of the Afrikander ministry. And\\nthese intelligent Dutch and the British South Afri-\\ncans desire to forever end the dominance of the\\nBond.\\nUnfortunately the endogamy of the British and\\nDutch has been sustained too strongly for a large\\ncommon stock to arise as true Afrikanders. In the\\nfusion of the races lies the only hope for future South\\nAfrica. In glancing over a recent marriage register,\\nI was gratified to notice the greatly increasing num-\\nber of unions of Dutch and British names. While\\n157", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0199.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\npessimists despair, here is the rising star of South\\nAfrican hope. And Dutch men of all classes and\\ncreeds, and many a faltering Britisher as well, have\\nlearned new lessons of the empire of which they are\\nan integral part. They have seen French and Eng-\\nlish Canadians shouldering their rifles with colon-\\nials of all climes for a common cause; they have\\nrealized now the fallacy of those who had so clearly\\noutlined the rottenness of the solid fabric of the\\nBritish empire. And the ignorant border-farmer,\\nwhose vote makes him an element of danger, has\\nlearned his lesson from the thousands of troops that\\nhave swarmed up from the sea. Already I have\\nnoted a change in his tone, he is prouder now of\\nbeing a British subject, and has learned an infinite\\nrespect for those little pieces of paper with V. R.\\nand a crown as a heading, and God save the Queen\\non the last line.\\nNote this change, loyalist! As you stand in the\\nruins of your homestead, your furniture smashed to\\natoms, your bedroom turned into a dung heap as you\\nsee your wife s tears for the ruthless destruction of\\nrelics of bygone days, for her home, once the pride\\nand joy of her woman s heart, now a hopeless wreck;\\nas you hear the childish sobs over the pets stolen by\\nthis rebel enemy, and rage and despair gnaw at your\\nheart, note this change Revenge for these bitter\\nwrongs would be sweet, but magnanimity can work\\nthe greater good. Magnanimity cannot now be mis-\\n158", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0200.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "A Word to the Loyalist\\ntaken for fear, and it will be the only salve for future\\npeace in South Africa.\\nWhen equality for all men has been firmly estab-\\nlished from the Cape to the Zambesi, and all South\\nAfrica has come under one flag, do not engender\\nracial issues. Remember that any attempt to hu-\\nmiliate your Dutch neighbors politically for the acts\\nof the more ignorant of their brethren must divide\\nthe colonies into hostile camps, British and Afrikan-\\nder. Furthermore, it will consolidate the Dutch\\nparties, now split into imperialists, anti-republicans,\\nprogressives, and Bondites, against you. The breach\\nis wide now, but the Afrikander has learnt his les-\\nson, and it rests greatly with you, British loyalist, to\\nre-establish cordial relations for the sake of future\\npeace and prosperity.\\nRemember in your bitterness that some high in\\nauthority (though, under less tolerant rulers than\\nEngland, many would have been imprisoned or shot\\nfor high treason) did at the eleventh hour stand for\\nQueen and country, and secured the loyalty of thou-\\nsands of the Dutch, from East London to De Aar,\\nwho stood wavering under the subtle promises of the\\nPresidents, and who in rebellion might have cost\\nthe colony dearly. Remember also the thousands\\nof loyal Dutchmen, the Progressive Afrikanders\\nin the colonial forces, who, true to the flag, went\\nforth with you to fight the invader, and the thou-\\nsands who deplored the war, disagreed with you\\n159", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0201.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nabout it, but remained loyal country, right or\\nwrong my country. Bis vincit qui se vincit in\\nvictoria.\\nTo turn from the base political to the base military.\\nCape Town now is practically the headquarters of the\\nlargest army ever sent across the sea, save Weyler s\\nhorde so successfully outwitted by the Cuban hand-\\nful. After the Tampa fiasco, I was anxious to see\\nthe disembarkation of an army without a Shafter.\\nDaring November and December, England, awakened\\nto the peril of her supremacy in South Africa at the\\nhands of an army of herders, poured her soldiers into\\nthe colony in thousands. But transportation in the\\nBritish army or I should say navy, since the control\\nof the transports is vested in the Admiralty has\\nbeen reduced to a perfect system by lessons of long\\nexperience. Entire divisions were moved six and\\nseven thousand miles without a hitch; the system\\nproved capable of efficacious extension from the\\nIndian drafts to an army corps.\\nIn rapid succession great transports swung along-\\nside the massive South Arm, the organization of the\\nArmy Service Corps was called into play, and as the\\nliving freight marched down the pier and entrained to\\nthe front, tons of stores were hoisted from the holds,\\nevery box of supplies, case of equipment, or bale of\\nforage designated and apportioned. No confusion\\nand no shortage the great base, divided into depart-\\n160", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0202.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "The First Army Corps\\nments for every military detail, filled the requisitions\\nfor the advanced bases, where supply columns were\\nreplenished, returns were sorted and checked with\\nthe dockets, by which every pound of food for horse\\nor man, or stores from a traction engine to a head\\nrope could be accounted for.\\nThe first army corps, under General Buller, which\\nleft England as Dundee and Elandslaagte were being\\nfought, comprised,\\nFirst Division.\\nLieutenant-General Lord Methuen.\\nFirst Brigade (Guards), Major-General Sir Henry\\nColvile, K. C. M. G. 3d Grenadier Guards; 1st Cold-\\nstream Guards 2d Coldstream Guards 1st Scots\\nGuards.\\nSecond Brigade (English), Major- General Hildyard:\\n2d West Surrey: 2d Devonshire; 2d West Yorkshire;\\n2d East Surrey Regiment.\\nDIVISIONAL TROOPS.\\nOne squadron 14th Hussars; 7th, 14th, and 66th Bat-\\nteries R. F. A. ammunition column 17th Field Com-\\npany Eoyal Engineers; 20th Company Army Service\\nCorps; 19th Field Hospital.\\nSecond Division.\\nLieutenant-General Sir C. F. Clery, K. C. B.\\nThird Brigade (Scotch), Major-General Andrew Wau-\\nchope 2d Royal Highlanders 1st Highland Light In-\\n11 161", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0203.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nfantry; 2d Seaforth Highlanders; 1st Argyll and\\nSutherland Highlanders.\\nFourth Brigade {Light Infantry)^ Major-General Lyt-\\ntelton: 2d Scottish Rifles (Cameronians) 3d King s\\nRoyal Rifles; 1st Durham Light Infantry; 1st Rifle\\nBrigade.\\nDIVISIONAL TROOPS.\\nOne squadron 14th Hussars; 63rd, 64th, and 73d Bat-\\nteries R. F. A. ammunition column 17th Field Com-\\npany R. E. 20th Company A. S. C. 3d Field Hospital.\\nThird Division.\\nLieutenant-General Sir W. Gatacre, K. C. B.\\nFifth Brigade (Irish), Major-G\u00c2\u00abneral Fitzroy Hart:\\n1st Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers; 2d Royal Irish\\nRifles; 1st Connaught Rangers; 1st Royal Duhlin\\nFusiliers.\\nSixth Brigade {Union), Major-General G. Barton:\\n2d Royal Fusiliers 2d Royal Scots Fusiliers 1st Royal\\nWelsh Fusiliers 2d Royal Irish Fusiliers.\\ndivisional troops.\\nSquadron 14th Hussars 74th, 77th, and 79th Batteries\\nR. F. A. ammunition column; 12th Field Company R. E.;\\n29th Company A. S. C. 7th Field Hospital.\\nCORPS troops.\\n13th Hussars; P and G Batteries Royal Horse Artil-\\nlery; 4th, 38th, and 78th Field, and 37th, 61st, and 65th\\nHowitzer Batteries R. A. ammunition column Pontoon\\ntroop R. E.; Telegraph division R. E.; 26th Field Com-\\n162", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0204.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "The First Army Corps\\npany R. E. 1st Field Park R. E. two balloon sections\\nR. E. lOth. Railway Company R, E. 1st Royal Scots\\n21st Company A. S. C. Eield Bakery A. S. C; 5tli Field\\nHospital; ammunition and supply reserves, each organ-\\nized in three sections.\\nCavalry Division.\\nLieutenant-General French.\\nFirst Brigade, Major-General Babington 6th Dragoon\\nGuards; 12th Lancers 10th Hussars; R Battery R. H. A.\\nLieutenant-Colonel Alderson s Mounted Infantry am-\\nmunition column; Field Troop R. E.; Company A. S. C.\\nSecond brigade, Major-General Brabazon 1st Royal\\nDragoons 2d Dragoons (Scots Greys) 6th Dragoons\\n(Inniskillings) D Battery R. H. A.; Lieutenant-Col-\\nonel Tudway s Mounted Infantry; ammunition column;\\nField Troop R. E. Company A. S. C.\\nA bearer company Field Hospital and Army Ser-\\nvice supply column were attached to each brigade\\nin the army corps. Besides the regular forces, the\\nlocal colonial corps were mobilized for patrolling,\\nscouting, and guarding the lines of communication.\\nIn Germany and Russia one district furnishes an\\narmy corps complete in all its details, but under the\\nscattered military conditions of Greater Britain the\\nmobilization of such a force necessitated the gather-\\ning of its component parts from the four winds of\\nthe heavens. The expeditious scheduling of widely\\nscattered units, at the distant point of mobilization,\\n163", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0205.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nshould silence the would-be critics of the British\\nmilitary system.\\nA complete army corps consists of tliree full in-\\nfantry divisions. A division contains two infantry\\nbrigades, each of four complete battalions a brigade\\ndivision (tliree batteries) of field artillery a squad-\\nron of ^cavalry and attached units, Engineers, Army\\nService, and Medical Staff corps and ammunition\\ncolumn. The corps troops comprise two horse and\\nsix field batteries, the balloon and telegraph sections,\\nrailroad company, pontoon troop, field park, and other\\nunits. Royal Engineers, one battalion of infantry,\\nwith Army Service corps, field hospital, ammunition\\nand supply reserves. The cavalry division attached,\\nnow consists of two cavalry brigades (three regi-\\nments and one horse battery in each), a battalion of\\nmounted infantry, mounted troop Roj^al Engineers,\\nwith Army Service, Medical Staff corps, and ammu-\\nnition columns.\\nThe mobilization comprises about 42,000 officers\\nand men, 96 guns, 17,000 animals and 2,150 vehicles,\\nin the fighting force alone. Add to these the men\\nof the various departmental corps, the battalions\\nnecessary for sustaining and guarding the lines of\\ncommunication, and the total runs toward 70,000\\nmen. With the thousands of horses and vehicles\\nrequired for the Army Service, supply and ammuni-\\ntion columns, hospital and cavalry remount service,\\nand the bullocks and mules for the convoys neces-\\n164", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0206.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "Arrival at Cape Town\\nsary to feed this mighty host, you will see that it was\\nno mean feat to gather this body of men, animals, and\\nmaterial, six thousand miles from home, little more\\nthan five weeks after war was declared. Kemember\\nthe difficulties faced at Tampa in sending Shafter s\\nsmall army to a neighboring island; and since the\\nBritish authorities have now triplicated this original\\nforce, you can obtain some idea of the stupendous\\ntask that has been so successfully accomplished dur-\\ning the past few months.\\nThe army corps reached Cape Town in the mid-\\ndle of November. The plan of campaign had been\\nconceived at the War Office and elaborated on the\\nvoyage by General BuUer and his staff; but great\\nthings had transpired in the meantime, and he landed\\nin Cape Town to find an entirely different and far\\nmore difficult problem to solve. When he left Eng-\\nland, White s force was adjudged ample to keep\\nJoubert occupied in Natal the early British victories\\njustified the belief. The army corps, mobilized on\\nthe Free State frontier, was to sweep upward tlirough\\nBloemfontein to Pretoria. The rodomontade of\\nthe Boers had evoked contemptuous roars from the\\nself-satisfied British public. The cry To Preto-\\nria was uttered as freely in London, as A Ber-\\nlin had been in Paris in 70 the awakening, if\\nnot so serious, was hardly less bitter. The army had\\nbeen equally sanguine.\\nGeneral BuUer landed to find Ladysmith invested,\\n165", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0207.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nNatal practically at the mercy of the enemy, Kim-\\nherley isolated, Mafeking besieged, and strategical\\npoints of Cape Colony occupied. Miles of railroad\\nwere in the hands of the enemy, thousands of civil-\\nians were driven from their homes, their cattle lifted,\\ntheir stores looted and destroyed. The revenues of\\nthe colonies were rapidly declining, and the serious\\naspect of affairs, especially in Natal, necessitated an\\nentire and rapid change of campaign.\\nThe dominating British idea is to get at the enemy\\nby the shortest route and smash him. But if the foe\\nhas great recuperative powers and is not easily get-\\nat-able, it is better to employ strategy that will enable\\nyou to draw him from the ground of his own choos-\\ning and inflict a blow that will be decisive. In the\\nlight of present knowledge the wisdom of the\\nabandoned plan of campaign is evident. An inva-\\nsion of the republics would have inflicted war on the\\nhomeopathic principle Similia similibus curantur.\\nThe invasion of the Free State would have relieved\\nKimberley and lessened the pressure at Ladysmith\\nby the rapid withdrawal of the Free Staters. The\\nTransvaalers could not then have remained long in\\nNatal, but would have moved northward to prepare\\nthe defence of their own country. With Buller at\\nBloemfontein, White would have been released in\\nnatural sequence, and the energy expended in futile\\nattempts to relieve Ladysmith would have been\\nreserved for decisive campaigns north of the Zand.\\n166", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0208.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "Disposition of Troops\\nBut the speedy relief of the beleaguered cities was\\ndecided upon for political reasons, the effect on\\nthe Cape Dutch overruling military plans. Methuen\\ntook part of his division to De Aar to prepare for\\nthe relief of Kimberley, but Hildyard was detached\\nwith his brigade from this division and sent to\\nDurban; Barton s brigade followed. French was\\ndespatched to Naaupoort to hold the important rail-\\nway junction. Gatacre disembarked at East London\\nto check disaffection in the Stormberg district, but\\nNatal became the chief theatre of war. The stream\\nof reinforcements was diverted to the Garden Colony,\\nand Clery was appointed in supreme command south\\nof the Tugela.\\nTransports came and went, troops were landed and\\nsent to the front or were ordered on to East London\\nand Durban, but Cape Town, the quaint, went on\\nits way, apparently not greatly disturbed by the\\npresence of 60,000 refugees from the republics and\\nborder towns, and the stream of arms passing by\\nsea and land, with the reflux of the early wounded\\nof the war. The batches of Boer prisoners attracted\\nsympathy and attention from their local friends, and,\\nfrom what I could judge, the soiled, repulsive-look-\\ning burghers found their prison quarters and prison\\nrations anything but disagreeable. But there were\\nothers, too, survivors of the educated Johannesburg\\ncommando, interesting, intelligent men, many of\\nHolland or colonial birth or educated Boers, who\\n167", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0209.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nliked neitlier the companionship of their wretched\\ncompatriots nor the inaction, though these were loud\\nin praise of their treatment, their gratitude being\\nvoiced aptly by Colonel Schiel, First these British\\ntried to kill us by bullets, and now by kindness.\\nBut later instalments had none of this refining\\nleaven typical Transvaalers, they were a sorry\\ncrew, pitiful exhibitions of what men of fine races\\ncan sink to when removed from civilization, with\\nan environment that negatives education or progress.\\nYet the Boer has had the same chances as the sturdy\\npioneers of the Western hemisphere. But while\\nthose whom fortune directly favored in the gold glut\\ngave their sons education, of themselves the Boers\\ndo not beget Garfields nor the early traits of the\\nmany-sided Franklin.\\nThe soldiers halted in or near the capital, whether\\nvolunteers from Fort Wynyard or the passing regu-\\nlars detached, had a royal time. The best in the\\nplace was theirs and wise indeed were the authori-\\nties to hold only necessary files at the base, rushing\\nregiments right through, for the restraints of disci-\\npline were hardly proof against the excessive and\\noften mistaken kindness of those who wished to show\\nappreciation of the soldiers of their empire.\\nMore practical than these donors of strong drink,\\nthe black citizens formed a patriotic league to supply\\naR the strawberries and other fruit that could be\\nused in the base-hospitals during the war and as\\n168", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0210.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "Loyalty of the People\\ntheir color forbade their fighting for their Queen,\\nthey volunteered to take the place of railway patrols,\\nwithout pay, so that the white guards could go\\nforth to fight.\\nAnd loyal Doctor Versfeld, to the horror of the\\nBond, called together the Dutch loyalists at Stellen-\\nbosch, and equipped a hospital with beds, doctors,\\nand nurses for the wounded and the moderator of\\nthe Synod called on the ministers to preach against\\nthe sin of disloyalty. Further yet, the Irish of Cape\\nTown and environs held a mass meeting in their\\nhundreds, and pledged their loyalty to the empire,\\nadding that if British rule in the past had been\\nhard for Ireland, there was the greater need for the\\nIrish to-day to denounce like oppression in the\\nTransvaal and further its suppression. An Irish\\nJenny Geddes hurled a rolling pin at His river-\\nence, who in her own house told her to pray for\\nthe Boers.\\nPolitics figure somewhat in British religious life.\\nThe nonconformists are usually Liberals or Radicals,\\nand those bitterly opposed to the war in England\\nmay generally be found in the ranks of the Dissen-\\nters. Hence the attitude of the religious bodies in\\nSouth Africa are of moment. The Episcopalians,\\nbeing of the Church of England, naturally are warm\\nsupporters of the Crown. The Presbyterians, who\\nare less influenced by the power of Church and State,\\nhave also come out in full expression of imperial\\n169", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0211.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nsupport. The Methodists maintain that liberty and\\njustice for black and white can only be maintained\\nby the extinction of the Transvaal Republic. The\\nCongregationalists and Baptists are of like opinion;\\nand for once religious opinions of all denominations\\nare agreed. The Catholics and Jews, save three\\nrabid Irish priests of the former, have also taken\\nthe same ground. These people are on the spot, and\\nare not all influenced by Rhodes and capital. Then\\nthe Americans in South Africa gathered at Cape\\nTown and passed an almost unanimous resolution sup-\\nporting the British policy, and a unanimous amend-\\nment advising the citizens of the United States to\\nmaintain individual neutrality in word and deed.\\nThere was a touch of pathos when the local\\nMohammedans, the descendants of the East Indians\\nshipped as slaves by the Dutch Company, had their\\nmeeting, and the patriarchs told the story of the\\nhorrors of the early days. They passed resolutions\\nof gratitude to England for rescuing their fathers\\nfrom slavery, and the imaums formed committees to\\naid the British wounded. And so it was up-country\\nin the native Jcraals, where the ignorant blacks, des-\\npite the overbearing conduct of colonists to damned\\nniggers, had learned the equality of British justice\\nfor black or white, and were full of loyalty to\\nour mother the Queen, even as they expressed\\nterrible hatred of the Boers.\\nBut, to the war\\n170", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0212.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEK VII\\nNatal. The Invasion South, Armored Train Disas-\\nter. Breaking Communications. Willow Grange.\\nLadysmith during Siege. Formation of Reliev-\\ning Column. Buller s arrival. Commissariat of\\nTHE British Army. Hospital Service. Ready for\\nBattle.\\nHildyaed s was the first brigade to reach Durban.\\nThe enemy was then ravaging the country around\\nPietermaritzburg and menacing the capital. Having\\nshut in White but failing to take Ladysmith by an\\nattack in force on November 9th, Joubert threw a\\ncolumn boldly across the Tugela. By moving round\\nthe flanks of British posts along the railroad, the\\nadvance guard started with a clear march to the\\ncoast, threatening the line at all points. The fight-\\ning of the Ladysmith garrison had disillusioned the\\nleast sanguine burgher as to the bravery of the hither-\\nto despised British soldier, and caused this raid to be\\ncarried out with caution though the surprise was\\nmutual, for Natal was dumbfounded at the steady\\nmarch south. Many who knew the Boer well de-\\nclared that one salutary lesson would send the\\nburghers home but Talana, Elandslaagte, and Riet-\\n171", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0213.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nfontein had but served as spurs to urge them to\\ngreater effort. They had not planned with passion\\nthey executed without haste, but without hesitancy.\\nFactional exigencies at first marred their unity of\\npurpose, but the short campaign had evolved decisive\\nresolution and consecutive execution. In place of a\\nhorde of herders, an effective, well-armed enemy, with\\nthe advantage of choice of position unusually fitted\\nfor defence, was to be faced. The rapid arrival of\\nthe first brigade of the relief column disconcerted the\\nadvanced commandoes, and they planned at once to\\ncut the railroad line at various points and stay the\\nadvance, abandoning their raid to the coast, though\\nalready the very heart of the colony was at their\\nmercy.\\nBut even at Durban there was some alarm until\\nHildyard arrived, though the presence of the fleet\\nrendered such fears ridiculous. The Jackies were\\nspoiling for a fight. The excitement of seizing prizes\\nhardly sufficed, and there was little to be gained but\\nhard work in overhauling neutral ships. British naval\\nofficers were amused at the howl of indignation raised\\nat their unprecedented action in holding up ships\\ngoing to a port directly connected with the enemy.\\nFor precedent they refer to the Civil War, when\\nAmerican warships held up vessels bound for neutral\\nports in the Bahamas and which contained only food\\nand clothing, ultimately destined, but without proof,\\nfor blockade runners supplying the Confederates.\\n172", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0214.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "A Seizure of Sixty-Two\\nToward the close of 1862, the British steamers\\nCalypso, Ruby and Flora, bound for Nassau\\nwith supplies, coaled at Funchal, Madeira. While\\nin port, thousands of miles from the scene of war,\\nthey were held up by the United States warship\\nTuscarora, under Commodore Craven, who cleared\\nfor action and waited just beyond the three-mile\\nlimit. Forbidden to leave port at night, and capture\\nbeing imminent by day, the steamers finally decided\\nrather to risk the Portuguese guns, and they ran out\\nunder cover of the darkness. With the aim of their\\nSpanish cousins, the gunners at Loo Fort failed\\nto hit the mark; but their shots alarmed the\\nTuscarora, which opened with a broadside on the\\nCalypso.\\nUnfortunately, Craven had relied on the Portu-\\nguese to hold the ships through the night, and was\\ncaught unawares, his three prizes finally escaping\\nin the darkness, though enough shots were fired\\nto have sunk the vessels had there been sufficient\\nlight for the Yankee gunners. These were British\\nships sailing from one English port to another, but\\nthe commodore was within his instructions, and the\\nprize court would have sustained his captures. It\\nwas refreshing to hear that a certain politician now\\nthreatened war because a British warship seized the\\nBritish steamer Mashona, which happened to have\\nAmerican supplies on board, bound for the Transvaal,\\nif without the knowledge of the shippers.\\n173", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0215.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nNatal is the most progressive country in Africa,\\nthanks to a large preponderance of loyalists over\\ncolonial Boers, and the influx of a considerable num-\\nber of German farmers who have proved excellent\\ncolonists. Leaving party squabbles severely alone,\\nthe progressive Natalians have expended their energy\\nin the improvement of the colony, and it stands a\\nmonument to the British colonial system.\\nIn South Africa the nationality of the owner of a\\nhomestead can be told at a glance. The Britisher\\ntakes some pride in his farm and dwelling, however\\nhumble. The Boer, on the contrary, fences in as\\nmuch land as he can get, throws up a shanty, and is\\ncontent. Trees, local improvements, intelligent irri-\\ngation are not for him he squats like a Cuban\\nguajiro, without one of the excuses of the latter.\\nThe refuse of years is scattered over the ranch, his\\nstoop commands a muck heap, where the Britisher,\\nhowever poor, insists on his flower-garden. I have\\nbeen greeted in Dutch from farms the picture of\\nneatness I found the owners were Hollanders, retain-\\ning the inherent cleanliness of their race and with\\nsuch may be classed the Germans and Danes.\\nIn the comfortable settlements in Natal the Boers\\nfound a land of promise, flowing with milk and\\nhoney and defenceless against their looting. Com-\\nmandoes swept down from Helpmakaar through the\\nUmvoti, annexing the districts, appointing one Vor-\\nmack of Boeotian intelligence, landdrost at Umsinga.\\n174", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0216.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "Invasion of Natal\\nThrough local traitors, the homes of the absent\\nUmvoti Rifle Volunteers, several of German extrac-\\ntion, were marked with B and ruthlessly looted.\\nTheir hapless wives and children were turned out in\\nthe storm with permission to enter and help eat out\\nLadysmith, or make their way down country as they\\nmight. These human locusts then swept south\\nthrough the Highlands, where the unfortunate farm-\\ners from North Natal had driven their flocks for\\nsafety. Every ranch was filled with the stock of\\nrefugees, and the Boers made rich hauls, ruthlessly\\ndestroying the homes of loyalists, smashing the fur-\\nniture and fittings, and killing poultry and such\\nanimals as could not be removed. The Cooper s\\nsheep-dip stored at several of the farms was poured\\ninto the ponds and wells to poison horse and man\\ndrinking therefrom.\\nThe wholesale commandeering from the neutral\\nheurlings and summary execution of the blacks who\\nopposed it only add to the injustice of the raid.\\nThe Catholic missions in northern Natal suffered\\nseverely. The peaceful nuns, many Irish Sisters of\\nCharity, were forced to flee, and suffered great in-\\ndignities. They gathered, however, to nurse sick\\nand wounded soldiers at Eastcourt, Maritzburg, and\\nDurban, and in common with the devoted nuns of\\nMafeking, Ladysmith, and Kimberley, they have\\nearned the everlasting gratitude of the British army.\\nThe Natalians had gathered at the stations on the\\n175", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0217.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nrailroad, where they joined the volunteers mobilized\\nto defend the colony. The Rifle Associations were\\nalso enrolled for defence under Symons and Ross;\\nbut these local forces and the small garrison at\\nEastcourt were only able to guard the towns and\\nrailroads, and could do little to check the raiders who\\ndodged around them on the flanks, or Joubert and\\nthe centre commandoes advancing direct, through\\nColenso, from Ladysmith.\\nColonel Long, commandant at Eastcourt, prepared\\nto defend the township, though he must eventually\\nhave retired but for the tardy advent of two naval\\nquick-firers from Durban. The navy had seemed\\nnot too ready to detach men and guns for land\\nservice, though, when the grave aspect in Natal\\nwas appreciated on the flagship, guns and sailors\\nwere landed, narrowly averting more serious disas-\\nter in Ladysmith, where the field guns were out-\\nranged and ineffective against the improved guns of\\nthe Boers. Incidentally, criticism of Admiral Harris\\nfor his delay in aiding the military led to the duck-\\ning of a certain well known Cape editor by a party\\nof naval officers who overlooked British fairness, and\\nhave been pulled up sharply for their folly.\\nThe mountings of the naval guns for field service\\ndeserve special notice. Captain Scott, R. N., secured\\nordinary broad-tired wagon-wheels, bolted a stout\\npile to the deck gun-mounting for a trail, and thus\\nrigged field carriages for the heavy 12-pounders.\\n176", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0218.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "The Armored Train in Action\\nCarriages for the 4.7 Lyddite were also constructed\\nfrom piles. Though experts prophesied that the\\nbaulks would be splintered by the recoil, and the\\nfastenings torn out, the guns, ranged for high-angle\\nfire, threw shell 9,000 yards and 12,000 yards respec-\\ntively, and equalled the Creusots of the enemy.\\nJack is a born wag, and ere the guns were despatched\\nup country, inscriptions were placed on each. For\\nwhat we are about to receive, may the Lord make\\nus truly thankful. Oom Paul and Those who\\nsup with me will require a devil of a long spoon\\nranked with others more original if less pertinent.\\nThe armored train, first used, perhaps, in war by\\nthe French in their successful sortie on the Saarbruck\\nroad, has played an important part in South African\\nwarfare without enhancing its value. It was used\\ndaily for reconnaissance beyond Eastcourt with slight\\nsuccess, and well earned its name the death trap.\\nOn November 15th the train with one company each,\\nthe Dublin Fusiliers under Captain Haldane, and the\\nDurban volunteers under Captain Wylie, went up\\nthe line to reconnoitre beyond Frere. Boer pickets\\nwere observed on the hills, but the train went reck-\\nlessly forward to Chieveley, where it became en-\\ngaged with the enemy and started to retire. It was\\nwrecked on the steep gradient toward Frere, and\\nthe concealed enemy, bursting from the kopjes,\\nopened on the overturned cars with guns and rifles.\\nUnder a terrific fire several men were shot before they\\n12 177", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0219.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ncould extricate themselves from the wreck. The un-\\ninjured cars, cased in sheet iron and without entrance,\\nwere not shell proof, and the troops were forced to\\nclamber out of the open tops to seek cover beyond\\nthe permanent way. Numbers were thus shot down.\\nLieutenant Frankland was the only officer unhurt,\\nand with the English Mr. Winston Churchill, who is,\\nof course, American on his mother s side, and a few\\nvolunteers, he started to clear the wreck. The ter-\\nrible Vickers Maxim poured in a continual stream\\nof shells, its incessant phut-phut sounding like a\\nfreight-yard shunter, as it was directed first on the\\nengine, then on the damaged trucks. Covered by\\nthe ineffectual firing of their comrades, the party\\nworked with a will, however, and the line was finally\\nlevered clear under a hail of projectiles. The unin-\\njured trucks were then pushed up but a shell had\\ndestroyed the engine coupling, steam was escaping\\nfrom the boiler in a dozen places, and delay in coupling\\nthe cars with rope would have sealed its fate. The\\ndead and wounded, therefore, were loaded on the\\ntender, and while the survivors held the Boers in\\ncheck, Wegner turned on steam. Two parting\\nshells burst among his freight of wounded, mangling\\nthem terribly, but the leaking locomotive finally ran\\nclear, and dashed off to Eastcourt for help.\\nAfter aiding the engineer to run out of range,\\nChurchill dropped off the cab and returned to assist\\nthe troops, who were now losing heavily. When\\n178", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0220.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "Hildyard s Brigade\\ntheir last cartridge had been expended some stood\\nby their wounded and were forced to surrender;\\nothers, who attempted to escape, were followed and\\nshot down by Boer horsemen. The survivors were\\nsent to Pretoria, only fifty of the entire party escap-\\ning scathless.\\nGeneral Hildyard arrived at Eastcourt on the day\\nof the disaster to prepare camp for his brigade.\\nNative scouts, Basutos employed for this service,\\nreported the Boers closing rapidly on the township.\\nThere were but 150 mounted troops in the command,\\na mixed force of volunteers and police under Colonel\\nMartyn. They were soon in touch with Joubert s\\nadvance, but could do little to check the enemy,\\nseveral patrols having narrow escapes. The Boers,\\nhowever, fearing a rear attack from Weenen, which\\nwas unoccupied, detoured half their command from\\nthe railroad in that direction, and it was three days\\nbefore they appeared in force before Eastcourt.\\nThe West Yorkshire regiment and Naval artillery\\ndetachment had arrived in the interval, and as a com-\\nmando moved from Gourton road and halted beside\\nthe railroad bridge beyond the town, which it ex-\\npected to capture with ease, the naval gunners\\ndropped shell into it, and caused a speedy retire-\\nment. The remainder of Hildyard s brigade was\\nthen hurried up from Durban, and Joubert decided\\nagainst attacking. He moved his forces round the\\nflanks, reinforcing the looting column that had moved\\n179", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0221.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nSouth through Umvoti to break communications with\\nMaritzburg.\\nHandicapped by lack of cavalry, field artillery,\\nand transport, the British commander was perhaps\\njustified in delaying aggressive operations until\\nhe had prepared for the defence of Eastcourt. Yet,\\nas the Boers marched in comparatively broken com-\\nmands, looting an extensive district, it is open to de-\\nbate whether some hard blows might not have been\\nstruck to check the unopposed march southward.\\nBarton s brigade, which had followed Hildyard s\\nclosely, was hurrying to the front, when the Boers\\nwho had moved round Hildyard s flank seized\\nthe railroad behind him at Highlands and Willow\\nGrange, forcing the two companies of the Queen s\\nholding the stations to retire. Thus, by what Mr.\\nYoung would call chessboard strategy, they checked\\nBarton s advance at Mooi River and isolated East-\\ncourt. A strong force with artillery occupied\\nMitcheson s Cutting, tearing up the line. The\\nErmelo commando simultaneously destroyed the\\nrailroad from Eastcourt to Colenso through Chieve-\\nley and Ennersdale. Making bonfires with the\\ntarred sleepers, the burghers brought the rails to\\na red heat and twisted them round adjoining tele-\\ngraph posts, thus rendering the relaying difficult.\\nThe Boers acted on the assumption, partly justi-\\nfied by subsequent fact, that the British would not\\nor could not leave the railroad. With astounding\\n180", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0222.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "A Local Barbara Frietchie\\nboldness parties of the mobile enemy shelled the\\ncamp at Mooi River, then passed rapidly on round\\nBarton s flank, looting farms close to Weston and\\nseizing much stock destined for the Mooi River\\nabattoirs. The railroad at Nottingham road was\\nthen occupied, and Barton s communications with\\nMaritzburg obstructed. Thus two important British\\ncommands, impotent through lack of transport and\\ncavalry, were rendered temporarily ineffective by\\na body of raiders. The stock of the Natal Stud\\ncompany proved a valuable remount depot for the\\nBoers, who cleared every animal from the com-\\npound, including numerous chargers that would\\nsoon have fetched fancy prices from British officers.\\nThe loyal farmers paid dearly for their loyalty.\\nWhile they guarded the towns the Boers raided\\nthe defenceless homesteads as far south and west\\nas Impendlila, shooting such as dared resist them.\\nMr. Rawlinson, a prominent colonial, was killed\\nby Boshof but most of the males were absent, and\\nthe defenceless women and children fled in abject\\nterror before the invaders. Many plucky women,\\nhowever, defied the enemy and remained alone to\\nguard their homes.\\nLike the postmistress of Lady Grey, who tore\\ndown the vierkleur and hoisted the Union Jack in\\nthe centre of an invading commando, or Barbara\\nFrietchie of earlier fame, one brave Scotchwoman,\\nnailing a flag over the lintel, confronted a looting\\n181", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0223.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nparty with a stout cudgel and sharp tongue. A\\nlusty Boer, attempting to force an entrance to the\\nhouse, was repulsed with a cracked pate, which\\nraised a laugh against him. Some then suggested\\nburning her out, but the veldt cornet intervened,\\nand the simple Christians contented themselves with\\ndriving off her stock, looting the widow s mealies\\nfrom an outhouse, and stealing her Cape cart to\\nremove the same. (Matthew xxiii. 14.)\\nThis wholesale devastation has proved a hard\\nblow to plucky little Natal, which for its own de-\\nfence has spent $150,000 a month on the local\\nvolunteers. The colonists have also contributed\\nliberally to destitute Uitlanders, and in the final\\nsettlement some grant of land or special railroad\\nconcessions should be made to reimburse the\\ncolony.\\nThorneycroft s Horse and Bethuen s Horse skir-\\nmished along the lines of communication, the former\\nattacking the enemy as they looted the farms of\\nCope and Turner near Mooi River station, forcing\\nthem to release the two captured families; though\\nthe seized stock and furniture had previously been\\nremoved. Some Natal police also found the enemy\\nlooting along the incomplete Greytown line, through\\nthe thorn country, and drove them off with loss.\\nBut these forces were as effective as Dame Part-\\nington s broom. Ten times stronger numerically,\\nthese irregulars could have swept back the in-\\n182", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0224.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "The Battle of Willow Grange\\nvaders, inflicting salutary lessons with a mobility\\nand tactics equal to the Boers. But unfortunate-\\nly, with the material in plenty for the asking, Eng-\\nland has not fostered her colonial auxiliaries, a\\nstriking proof in South Africa that war was not\\nantisipated.\\nHildyard did not long remain idle at Eastcourt.\\nSeverely hampered by the lack of cavalry, he de-\\ncided to make a night attack on the main Boer\\nposition to clear the line south to Mooi River. On\\nthe afternoon of November 22d the general felt\\nhis way forward toward Willow Grange. The\\nWest Yorks were on the left, the East Surrey in\\nthe centre, and the Queen s (West Surrey) on the\\nright, the Border Regiment supporting, with the 7th\\nField Battery and a heavy naval quick firer hauled\\nby thirty oxen. The force reached M Konghlwani,\\nor Beacon Hill, without opposition and by stupen-\\ndous effort the naval gun was hauled up the pre-\\ncipitous sides of the Hill of Mists, and placed\\nin position commanding the enemy s main battery\\non Brynbella Hill. The Boer gunners under\\nKrantz speedily found the British gun and opened\\nvery accurately with a heavy Creusot. This fire\\nwas silenced, however, before sunset.\\nThe infantry halted on the hill in the most\\nfrightful hailstorm within Natal s memory, pass-\\ning many miserable hours of that bitterly cold\\nnight until the order was given to advance, to sur-\\n183", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0225.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nprise the sleeping laagers. The West Yorks and\\nthe Surreys under Colonel Kitchener, guided by a\\nlocal farmer named Chapman, advanced silently\\nagainst the position, and commenced to climb Bryn-\\nbella. The Yorks, who were assailing the western\\nslope, losing direction in the darkness, crossed\\nover a lower portion of the ridge, and were fired\\ninto by the Surrey men climbing up on that side\\nand the lines clashed with fixed bayonets, several\\nbeing killed and wounded ere the mistake was\\ndiscovered.\\nThe Boers were thoroughly alarmed, however, and\\nas the British turned and scrambled up to the higher\\nportion of the crest they were met with a withering\\nfire. Guided by the rifle flashes, and not waiting to\\nreply, they closed in with the bayonet, the burghers\\nflying en masse down the hillside, leaving their\\nhorses, hobbled in their brutal three-legged fashion,\\non the summit, and all their camp effects. The hill\\nwas captured just before daybreak.\\nCommandant Joubert, nephew to the general, was\\nin command at Willow Grange, though the similarity\\nof names led the British generals to report the\\ncommandant general as commanding in person, and\\nGeneral Buller s oflicial despatch shows the same\\nerror. Realizing the danger of placing himself be-\\ntween two forces, the younger Joubert had secured\\na line of retreat through roads running to Greytown,\\nfrom which he could circle round to Ladysmith\\n184", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0226.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "The Battle of Willow Grange\\nagain. He had been apprised of a movement on\\nthe south of Mooi River, the commando at Notting-\\nham road had been forced to evacuate before they\\nhad effectively destroyed the line, and the appear-\\nance of the naval gun before him led him to fear\\na concerted attack on both sides. The sailors\\nshells of the afternoon also had been ranged to a\\nnicety, and the gunners desired no resumption at\\ndaybreak.\\nUnder cover of the darkness they had made prepa-\\nrations to hastily change their position; the heavy\\ngun had been taken to a place of safety, the five\\nfield guns were removed to a succeeding crest. The\\ncommandoes had just bivouacked on the two ridges,\\nwhen the British attacked and drove them from\\nBrynbella.\\nThe mounting of the naval gun in broad daylight\\nhad thus marred the surprise which otherwise would\\nhave led to the capture of the Boer artillery and to\\na decisive rout. For a night surprise this gun should\\nnever have been mounted. Its appearance naturally\\ninterpreted an intended move to the watchful enemy,\\nand its shells had hastened the change of position.\\nAs the sun rose and the British prepared to follow\\nup the retreating Boers, they were greeted by a\\nterrific artillery and rifle fire from the succeeding\\nridge, and were gradually forced back over the\\ncrest. Other commandoes closed in. The luckless\\nnaval gun dare not shell with the British within\\n185", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0227.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Duller\\nrange, the field battery was likewise masked, and\\nwithout artillery support the slender forces were\\nobliged to retire. The hill that had been captured\\nwith a loss of four was evacuated with a casualty\\nlist of over a hundred. The regiments were stead-\\nily withdrawn under a dropping fire, the companies\\nconsecutively retiring and covering retirement. The\\nNatal volunteers pluckily supported this movement,\\nand carried down the wounded through a hail of\\nbullets. While thus engaged. Chapman the guide,\\nFitzpatrick, brother of the author and reform leader,\\nand other prominent colonials were killed.\\nSome British wounded were overlooked, however,\\nduring the retirement, every step of which was cov-\\nered by the Boers. They received excellent treat-\\nment from the Free State ambulance before they\\nwere exchanged. Many of the burghers admitted\\ntheir surprise that they had not been able to swoop\\ndown and seize Durban.\\nNews now came that a force of Boers was menac-\\ning Eastcourt on the northwest, and Hildyard with-\\ndrew his troops to hold the town. The enemy soon\\nretired, and plans for a second attack on Willow\\nGrange were formulated; but Joubert, finding that\\na small column under the Earl of Dundonald was\\nfeeling its way from Mooi River, and another sortie\\nfrom Eastcourt was imminent, withdrew his guns\\nand wagons on the 25th. Circling round Hildyard\\nwithin tempting striking distance, the entire Boer\\n186", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0228.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "THE\\nLADYSMITH\\nLet him Lia OW Song.\\nLYRE,\\nVol. r No. 1.\\n27th NOVKMBER, 1899.\\nPrice 6d.\\nFROSPEGTTTS\\nThe Ladysmith Lyre is published to supply a long felt\\nWant. What you want in a besieged town, cut off from\\nthe world, is news which you can absolutely rely on as\\nfalse. The rumours that pass from tongue to tongue\\nmay, for all you know, be occasionally true. Our news\\nwe guarantee to be false.\\nIn the colleotion and preparation of falsehoods we\\nshall spare no effort and no expense. It is enough for us\\nthat Lidysmieh H-antsstories ib shall have them.\\nLATEST LYRES.\\nFrom odb own Despondlnts.\\nLondon, NovumberT).\\nAehellfrtm Lnn^ Tom burst in the War Office this\\nafteruooii. General Braclceubury, Dh-ector General of\\nOrdnance, accepted its arrival with resignation. Several\\nreputations were seriously damaged. Unfortunately the\\nOrdnance Committee was not sitting. A splinter broke\\nnto the Foreign Office and disturbed the siesta of the\\nPrime Minister.\\nMr. A. J. Balfour has prepared a third edition of\\nPhilosophic Doubt. The work contains a new\\nrhapter on the doubts entertained by the Cabinet as\\nto the probabilities of war with the Transvaal. The\\nFirst Lord of the Trer.sury has dedicated the edition\\nto his uiicle, Lord Salisbury.\\nTlie artillery intended for the campaign in South\\nAfrica will he despatched as soon as the necessary\\nammunition has been received from the German\\nfactories.\\nThe Lord Rlayor has appointed a Mansion House\\nCommittee for the relief of Ladysmith.\\nilr. Michael Davitt, Dr. Tanner, Mr. Dillon, and\\nMr. Swift McNeill have announced their intention of\\njoining the Irish Brigade The House of Commons,\\nwitliout demur, voted a grant in aid.\\nThe Second Army Ccrps has been discovered m\\nthe pigeon holes of the War Office.\\nOmdurman, November 13.\\nThe Khalifa has returned to his palace on the\\nNile. Lord Kitchen-5r is at Fashoda. He is march-\\ning south to raise the siege of Ladysmith.\\nParis, November 10.\\nilajor Slarchand has organised an expedition to\\nthe sources of the Klip River. It is rumoured that\\nhis object is to prevent the junction of the British\\nforces north and south of the Tugeta. The Govern-\\nment of the Republic has been warned that this will\\nbe regarded as an unfriendly act.\\nThe exhibition has been put off until the end of\\nthe 20th century in order that France may devote\\nher energies to the subjugation of Great Britain.\\nAdis Adeba, November 2.\\nMouelik has declared war against France. He has\\nappealed to Great Britain for assistance.\\nLater.\\nI am informed on the highest authority that\\nMenelik has declared war against Great Britain, and\\nhas appealed to France for assistance.\\nJohannesburg, November ID.\\nHaving learned through the medium of The\\nStandard and Dujger^ News that the Johannesburg\\ncommando are settled in Ladysmith with their wives\\nand families, several hundred vrouwen left hurriedly\\nfor Natal this morning. New and interesting devel-\\nopments are anticipated.\\nIt is possible, however, even in the best regulated\\nuewspaper that some truths may unavoidably creep\\nin. To save our readers the trouble of picking them\\nout, these will be published in a special column by them-\\nselves. This division of news, into true and false, ia\\nan entirely new departure in the history of the public\\npress. Whatever you read in the space devoted to\\ntruth, you may believe. The rest of the Ladys^nith\\nLyre you may believe, or not, as you like.\\nSt. Petersburg, November 20.\\nThe Czar has issued invitations to another Peace\\nConferunce. Pretori.i is mentioned as the probable\\nmeeting place. President Kruger has intimated that\\nthe South African Republic will not be represented.\\nVienna, April 1\\nNews has reached hero from a reliable source tlUt\\nLord Salisbury has tgreed to the terms of peace pro-\\nposed by President Krufrer\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the surrender of that\\nrart of Natal now occupied by the Boers.\\nLOCAL INTELLIGENCE.\\nGeneral Clery has withdrawn his relieving colomn\\nto the Mooi River. Maritzburg is almost deserted.\\nJoube rt has gone south with the greater part of his\\nGeneral Buller is at Cape Town. General French\\nis not at Dundee. Through cable rates from Lady-\\nsmith to London have been reduced to 3d. per word.\\nThe Town Guard are undermining Umbulwaui.\\nThey propose to blow up the enemy s guns with\\nc}anide of potassium.\\nThe resident magistrate at Tmtombi Camp has\\nsent for hi? horses. He is d.?eply touched by thy\\nreteption given to hi? sackful of letters and\\nilr. Schalk Burger has sci-t a protest against the\\nRed Cross flag on the hospital at the Town Ualk\\nHe has since emphasised the protest by shelling the\\nflag-\\nGeneral Joubert has been invited to dismantle the\\nforts on Pepworth and Umbulwaui, and to send in\\na^ prisoners tho gunners who hoist the whito ilag\\nover Long Tom and his brother Puffing Billy, in\\norder that they may load and lay the guns in safety.\\nMrs. Kruger, whose health is es.cellcnt, complains\\nthat the President is becoming too English. He uo\\nlonger goes to bed in hat and boots.\\nCHRISTMAS PUDDINGS!\\nCHRISTSIAS PUDDINGS 1 1\\nOde Prize CoMPETmoK.\\nDo you want a Christmas pudding? You will I\\nThis is how you can get it.\\nThis prize will be given for\\nTHE MOST MIBACUT.0U3 ESCAPE\\nfrom the shell fire of the enemy between the dates of\\nNovember 2 and December 20. The competition wul\\nclose on December 21st at 12 noon.\\nSo if you want a Christmas pudding delay no\\nIcnger. Go out and have a miraculous escape aud\\nsend a description of it to\\nThe Editor of the Ladysmith Lyre,\\nc/o the Manager of the Ludysmitk Lyre,\\nc/o Mrs. Hay don,\\nMain Street,\\nNear 21st Street, F.B.,\\nJJadysmiib.\\nFacsimile of front page of the paper issued during the siege op Ladysmith.", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0229.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0230.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "Joubert Retires to Colenso\\nforce fell back through Weenen to the Tugela, where\\nthey took up a strong position at Colenso. During\\nthe retirement the heavy Creusot became stuck in a\\ndonga, and within five miles of the British a small\\nforce of Boers worked a day and night extricating\\nthe piece, which would have proved a valuable prize\\nhad the proper cavalry complement been at hand to\\nfollow up the retreat. General Joubert was present\\nduring the retirement, travelling in a six-horsed\\nparish oven.\\nHildyard s tiny mounted column could do nothing\\nuntil Lord Dundonald s fl3dng column pressed for-\\nward from Mooi River. The combined forces then\\nstarted in hot pursuit, sighting the Boers beyond\\nFrere. They failed to outmarch them, however, but\\nbit their heels with artillery and rifles to within\\ntwo miles of Colenso, where heavy Boer guns were in\\nposition, and the British advance was checked.\\nHildyard now moved his camp to Frere, where\\nGeneral Clery assumed command on December 2d,\\nto prepare for the immediate relief of Ladysmith.\\nGeneral BuUer, leaving the direction of the western\\nand central divisions of his army to their respective\\ngenerals, had arrived in Natal to personally supervise\\nthe more important operations there. He established\\nhis headquarters at Pietermaritzburg.\\nThe railroad bridge across the Blaauwkrans River\\nat Frere had been carefully destroyed by the enemy,\\nchecking Clery s advance up country. The railroad\\n187", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0231.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ncompany had expected the military, and hurried\\ntheir staff forward to repair the line. In an incredi-\\nbly short period, under the direction of Mr. Shores,\\nchief engineer, and Mr. Hunter, the general manager,\\na trestle bridge 200 feet long, in seventeen spans,\\nwas constructed beside the ruined structure, the\\nrails were carried over the river and reverted to\\nthe original track. Guarded by an armored train,\\nrepair-trucks were pushed forward and rapidly re-\\nlaid the line which the Boers had taken so much\\npains to destroy.\\nColonel Girouard, one constructor of the Canadian\\nPacific, the famous Bimbashi Girouard, director-\\ngeneral of railroads in Egypt, the man who con-\\nquered the Soudan by steam engine, was acting\\nmilitary director of railroads in South Africa. He\\nwas ordered to Natal to supervise these operations,\\nbut the wonderful colonials were before him, and he\\ncould only inspect their work with a hearty well\\ndone.\\nTrains now rapidly arrived at the front with troops\\nand stores. Hildyard s brigade held the advance on\\nsome ridges beyond the river. They cleverly in-\\ntrenched their position, masking their defences so\\nthat adventurous Boer scouts blundered into the trap\\nand were her Majesty s guests forthwith.\\nThe permanent camp soon spread, the General\\nStaff occupying the ransacked house of the station\\nmaster, the troops pitching their tents on the sur-\\n188", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0232.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "Communicating with White\\nrounding veldt. The regulars, awaiting complete\\nmobilization, were employed in extensive garrison,\\nfatigue and outpost duty. The Natal forces, aug-\\nmented by Uitlander volunteers, and the colonial\\nscouts recruited from local farmers who knew every\\ninch of the country rapidly checked the raiding\\nparties, and by surprise visits to the outlying farms\\nof suspected traitors, much looted stock and furniture\\nthat had been stored by the enemy was recovered.\\nWithout specific reason the splendid mounted\\nvolunteers gathered by Colonel Wolfe-Murray were\\ndisbanded when General Buller arrived and on the\\nassumption of military superiority, the relief column\\nlost the services of a most useful force.\\nLittle definite news could be gleaned from Lady-\\nsmith occasional runners made their way through\\nthe lines with despatches, and winged messengers of\\nthe pigeon post organized by Mr. Hirst sometimes\\nescaped the Boer rifles and brought down missives in\\nsafety. But after many attempts and repeated\\nfailure through the weather. Captain Cayzer of the\\nDragoons finally established heliograph communica-\\ntions with White, from Mount Umkolanda near\\nWeenen. A naval searchlight of 40,000 candle\\npower was also rigged to overcome solar reticence in\\nflashing despatches to the besieged, though Ladysmith\\ncould not answer in kind, and the Boers sometimes\\nspoiled the effect by a powerful acetylene searchlight.\\nThe garrison was holding out bravely. The town\\n189", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0233.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nhad been heavily shelled throughout November, but\\nthe losses had been comparatively small. On Novem-\\nber 4th White had asked permission to send women\\nand children south, but Joubert refused. He finally\\nagreed to respect a mutual district near Bulwhana\\nfor non-combatants, though his indiscriminate\\ngunners dropped several shells into the settlement,\\nwhich the facetious Tommies named Funkum-\\ndorf. Despite continual protest the military hos-\\npitals were also shelled repeatedly, several patients\\nand some nurses being killed. On the 9th the Boers\\nhad attempted to rush the town, but the attack was\\nrepulsed after severe fighting and loss on both sides.\\nAfter this, Joubert decided to reduce Ladysmith\\nby investment, and detached many commandoes to\\ncarry the war south and prevent the approach of\\nrelief. On the 18th a shell killed Dr. Stark, the well\\nknown naturalist, who was overtaken by war while\\ncompleting his history of South African birds. The\\ncontinued shelling had caused remarkably small loss,\\nhowever, but scarcity of food, dearth of pasture for the\\ncattle and horses, and the contamination of the water\\nsupply by Boer camps higher up the Klip caused the\\nonly dread for the future. Many women and children\\nwere enduring the rigors of the siege, and several\\nhad died of disease and wounds.\\nThe days in Frere camp passed quickly enough.\\nThomas Atkins at home and abroad is philosophical\\n190", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0234.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "rr%#ft^%\\nThe Siege of Ladysmith non-combatants taking a breath of air.\\nFrom a sketch by W. T. Maud.", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0235.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0236.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "Tommy in War\\nwithont reasoning. Delightful darlings, said one\\nenthusiastic American lady as the Dragoons passed\\nthrough Cape Town. Perhaps a closer acquaintance\\nwould have toned her opinion, but Tommy is an in-\\nstitution to be admired, in a degree, loved. He\\nis a jewel in a crude setting, rough, impulsive, good-\\nhearted, and generous to a fault, and the army is a\\nschool that fosters magnanimity. Rigorous disci-\\npline eradicates selfishness, and the communistic\\nidea that dominates in the ranks is so prevalent in\\nno other strata of society. I have known an entire\\nbattalion to suffer in silence for the wrong committed\\nby one soldier, of which every man knew. The young\\nrecruit who thinks to win the favor of his superiors\\nand release his comrades by betraying the culprit re-\\nceives such a lesson that, if he does not desert forth-\\nwith, he will be permanently steadied and become a\\nbetter and wiser soldier.\\nIn the field Tommy is no longer a thing of beauty.\\nThe guardsman discards his cuirass and shiny jack-\\nboots the gunner s braid, the linesman s scarlet, and\\nthe fusilier s busby are gone. Khaki levels most dis-\\ntinctions, and attired in dust color, from helmet to\\nundressed boots, close scrutiny alone reveals the dif-\\nference between her Majesty s guardsman and the\\ngreen roohey smuggled from the depot by the drafted\\nveterans to become a soldier and a man and be\\nadded to the strength at the front, with a District\\ncourt-martial to reward him if he survives the war.\\n191", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0237.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nBut even he is content; he listed to fight, and fought\\nhe has, the penalty notwithstanding.\\nThe British soldier is a glutton for fighting. At\\nEastcourt two worthies of the Dublins, veritably\\nMulvany and Learoyd, had lifted a bottle of square\\nface from the captured laager at Willow Grange.\\nA subsequent night s outpost proved cold and wet,\\nand consequent nips to drive out rheumatism (their\\nexcuse was the gout) led two shame-faced full pri-\\nvates before a drum-head, with six months hard\\nlabor apiece for drunk on duty in time of war.\\nThey had nothing to say why sentence should not\\nbe pronounced, but asked (and received), as a favor,\\ndeferment in the execution thereof until after the\\nwar. Their main discussion then was the chances of\\ntheir being incarcerated in British Pretoria or going\\nhome with the regiment to see her before they\\nwent to clink. But one has expiated before a\\nhigher tribunal, killed at Colenso. The other, I be-\\nlieve, may yet serve out his sentence, though the day\\nperhaps is afar.\\nWhen the column moved forward, and fighting\\nwas imminent, the quartermaster sergeants reported a\\nnumber of sick men returned to duty without regular\\ntransfers. The pressure on the Medical Staff corps\\nwas adjudged an excuse for this negligence. Then\\na report arrived at headquarters from the P. M. O.\\nat Pietermaritzburg, announcing wholesale desertion\\nof patients marked Up Bed down, many of them\\n192", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0238.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "The Spirit of the Soldier\\nwounded from Willow Grange. On the eve of battle\\nthere was no time to look up the defaulters but after\\nthe action the P. M. O. reported that certain of the\\ndelinquents had been brought back, wounded again,\\nfrom the front. The others were soon traced, and\\nlined up before a gray-haired colonel as absent from\\nhospital without leave. There was a perceptible\\ntremor in his voice as he rated them, severely for\\ntheir breach of discipline and the enormity of their\\ncrime, and he stopped to clear his throat once or\\ntwice. After a severe wigging these desperados\\nwere sent back to their wards.\\nI could fill pages to show the spirit animating the\\nsoldiers in Africa, and give the lie direct to the mis-\\ntaken gentleman who visited the Transvaal when\\nan official of the United States government. Over-\\nwhelmed by the attentions and private coach of\\nPresident Kruger, he has anonymously libelled the\\nBritish army by declaring that officers were forced\\nto slash their soldiers with their swords to keep\\nthem in the trenches as great a truism as the pre-\\nmature cartoon in Don Quixote, that pictured\\nGeneral Miles on a donkey, lashing the American\\ntroops into line to face the Spanish foe.\\nWith picket, outpost, and railroad guard at night,\\nand fatigue duty by day, Frere camp was not a pic-\\nnic. Much of the rough work was too arduous for\\nwhite men to perform with safety under South\\nAfrica s sun. But a native contingent, enrolled by\\n13 193", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0239.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nMr. Barnes, colonial engineer, afterwards saved the\\ntroops much toil, and the native compounds gave\\nTommy endless recreation when the tireless Kaffirs\\nand Zulus squirmed and screamed through the in-\\ntricacies of their war-dances or engaged in faction\\nfights, when skulls were struck with the vehemence\\nof Donnybrook, though hard is the blow that can\\nharm the cast-iron native pate. Hunts for the\\nabundant puff-adder, tournaments between scorpions,\\ncricket and football, with the glass above 100, and\\ndips in the sorry Blaauwkrans river redubbed at\\nFrere Margate Sands served to pass the waiting\\nhours.\\nStorms in Natal are common and various; the\\nveldt is alternately soaring heavenward in a choking\\nswirl of red dust, or drinking in the flood of periodic\\ndownpours to become a slough for man and beast.\\nBy day the South African sun beats down with a\\ntruly Gold Coast force, but without the fetid swamp\\nto turn the heat to humidity; at night one shivers\\nwith a blast that chills to the marrow. Alternately\\nyou covet the furs of the esquimaux and the Ashanti s\\nnecklace.\\nAbnormal deflection of the southeast trade-winds\\nto south and southeastern Africa made the summer\\nan exceedingly wet one, though the rains produced\\nultimate good. But the deflection imposed a fright-\\nful calamity on another portion of the empire, caus-\\ning one of the most frightful famines in India s\\n194", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0240.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "Khaki\\nmodern history, supplemented by the incumbent\\nhorrors of the plague.\\nKhaki, I believe, was used first in the days of the\\nJohn Company s service. The official who adopted\\nit for general campaign use deserves that his name\\ngo down with fame. In the curious sun-haze of the\\ntropics it is well-nigh invisible, and since the reflec-\\ntion on spur or scabbard is visible for miles, every-\\nthing was treated with the dust color, even to lance\\npoints, and the nose of a bibulous camp-follower who\\ngroused at the Tommies, and was duly tried by-\\nthem and treated with the prevailing color as a safe-\\nguard to the camp. The white horses of the cavalry\\nand transport were washed in Condy s fluid, which\\ngave the required tint without the fatal effect of the\\ncoating applied to the historical white elephant.\\nIt is evident that, with the weapons of the present\\nday, no attacking force otherwise garbed could live\\nbefore the fire of intrenched defenders. With khaki,\\nthe lines in extended order on the sun-browned veldt\\nare a poor and difficult target beyond five hundred\\nyards, and this invisibility in a measure neutralizes\\nthe deadliness of flat trajectory and increased range\\nand dangerous zone of modern warfare. The officers\\nhad learned the lesson slowly, for tradition dies hard\\nin the British army, and not until unerring bullets\\nhad picked off some of the bravest and best did they\\nperceive that polished buttons and regulation sword\\nmeant useless death before the Boer sharpshooters.\\n195", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0241.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nNow they carried carbines, and had little insignia\\nto mark them apart from their men. The unwritten\\nlaw that an officer must never duck, and, eschewing\\ncover, should inspire confidence in his men by walk-\\ning erect along the line, was sustained well into the\\nwar, and still has weight. Before modern rifles the\\nrisk is obvious and the rule calamitous, since the sight\\nof officers falling demoralizes the finest troops.\\nWellington found that the British army marched\\non its belly. Certainly with the Army Service corps\\nof the last few years there is no reason why it should\\nnot. War, and not an expected war, was proved in-\\nevitable on October 1st, and in eight weeks an\\narmy corps fully equipped was operating nine thou-\\nsand miles away, replete in every detail, as the\\nadvertisements say.\\nIt is estimated, from the experience of the Prussians\\nmarching to Paris, that a force of 35,000 men and\\n10,000 horses can live, in an average country, off a\\ndistrict of six square miles for one day. With cattle\\ndriven off and farms looted, a force could exist in\\nSouth Africa until it died of starvation. Conse-\\nquently every ounce of food was necessarily sent from\\nthe Supply Depots. Before the extra divisions were\\nmobilized, when most people bragged of Buller s\\nChristmas in Pretoria, 12,000,000 pounds of canned\\nmeat had been delivered for the original South Afri-\\ncan field force.\\nThough Australian and some Canadian meat has\\n196", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0242.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "A Question of Commissariat\\nsince been issued with great success, this was chiefly\\nAmerican beef delivered for a foreign army, which\\nis very different from American beef for American\\nsoldiers. I have lived and thrived on this beef\\nunder the British flag in various climes at differ-\\nent times. But before and since Santiago, I have\\nnever met with the canned offal which there caused\\nthe death of many brave soldiers. The beef sup-\\nplied to-day in South Africa bears little resem-\\nblance to the ration sent to Cuba.\\nOf biscuit, 12,000,000 pounds were shipped. A\\npart of this ration was made from whole meal. The\\nBritish army biscuit is harder to masticate than\\nthe finer grade of hardtack supplied to the United\\nStates army, and though it contains more nutriment,\\nI believe too much of it is irritating to the bowels\\nand produces dysentery. The wooden cases are lined\\nwith tin and the contents carefully protected, while\\nin Cuba the gaping seams of the unlined boxes let\\nin rain, imbibed the mud and spoilt tons of excel-\\nlent ration ere it reached the front. The British\\nfield-bakeries also supply excellent fresh bread, which\\nwas a great though never supplied want in Cuba.\\n400,000 lbs. of coffee; 200,000 lbs. of tea; 2,200,000\\nlbs. of sugar; 800,000 lbs. of erhswurst, compressed\\nvegetables, an excellent and healthful ration made\\nin Germany, used with success in the Franco Prus-\\nsian War, and one the Quartermaster s Department\\nshould investigate without delay for garrisons in the\\n197", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0243.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with BuUer\\nAntilles and Philipines 360, 000 tins of Swiss milk,\\n400,000 lbs. of salt, and 60,000 tons of forage,\\nwere early items shipped for the initial campaign.\\nThis supply has been regularly sustained by the aver-\\nage weekly shipment of one and a half million rations.\\nI must also include in the first consignment 500,000\\ntins of the Machonochie ration of stewed beefsteak\\nand vegetables. This has been tried successfully in\\nseveral recent campaigns, and a similar or even better\\nration could be prepared for the United States War\\nDepartment at a moderate figure. When a great and\\ngenerous nation was ready to expend millions for its\\narmy in Cuba, the troops were starving on rancid\\npork and canned refuse from a beef-tea factory. The\\nMachonochie is a full and luscious dinner of meat\\nand vegetables for two men, in a portable can. The\\ntin is self-opening and may be readily heated, or its\\ncontents eaten cold. In Cuba it would have proved\\na boon, even in a bi-weekly issue. It has been supple-\\nmented in Africa by other compound rations, chiefly\\nScotch. The square cans used for all rations in the\\nBritish army have every advantage for portability over\\nthe round cans supplied to the United States Army.\\nOne of the greatest hardships entailed on the\\nAmerican soldier has been the lack of anti-scorbutics\\nwhen fresh meat and vegetables were not obtainable.\\n400,000 lbs. weight of lime-juice accompanied the\\nAfrican field force. In Ashanti an experimental\\nissue of jam was made on alternate days with lime-\\n198", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0244.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "Camp Sanitation\\njuice, with excellent results. 1,450,000 tins were\\nnow shipped with the above consignment. The pre-\\nserved fruit retains many useful properties of fresh\\nvegetable food.\\nEighty tons of alum for purifying water, 6,000 lbs.\\nof carbolic-acid powder, and 20 tons of chloride of\\nlime are significant items in the light of the frightful\\ndefilation at Siboney, where there was no means to\\nnegative the evil which induced yellow fever and\\ntyphoid to an alarming extent. The perfect latrine\\nsystem of the British army deserves emulation. The\\nsinks are deeply dug a safe distance from camp,\\nlayers of earth and lime being thrown over by sen-\\ntries at regular intervals, and each sink filled in after\\ntwo days use.\\nRum issued medicinally to every man before retir-\\ning, has been proved effective when troops are ex-\\nposed on chill nights after great heat during the day.\\n80,000 gallons were sent. In tropical West Africa I\\nhave found this to be an effective safeguard against\\nthe deadly night-dew for men not addicted to spirits.\\nIts effect is neutralized with habitual, even if mod-\\nerate, drinkers.\\nThe medical comfort panniers and boxes that\\naccompany the British army on the march also de-\\nserve notice. The sick and wounded in Cuba had\\nthe choice of rancid pork and hardtack or nothing.\\nThe British Tommy when sick is moderately\\ndieted on port wine, chicken broth, and beef tea,\\n19^", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0245.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthough at times the demand exceeded the supply at\\nthe immediate front after important battles. By this\\nmeans many men are rapidly nursed back to health\\nat the field hospital, the sickness taken in its early\\nstages being easily defeated without necessitating\\ninvaliding to the base for treatment. The M. C.\\npanniers go on mule back with each bearer company\\nand field hospital. They contain brandy, port, whis-\\nkey, arrowroot, sago, bovril, roast chicken, meat\\nessence, special condensed milk, soap, candles, spirit\\nlamp, cooking vessels, and matches.\\nForty thousand pounds of tobacco were shipped to\\nbe retailed to the soldiers at a nominal figure. This\\nis the only approach made toward the excellent\\nAmerican system of instituting a government store\\nat the advanced base on the field, where necessaries,\\nand at times delicacies, can be purchased at a\\nmoderate price. The regimental coffee shop hardly\\nsupplies this want. Tons of tobacco, cigars, and\\ncigarettes were sent with other extras for distribution\\nto each regiment by various patriotic persons and\\nsocieties in England and the colonies.\\nThe regulation daily ration per man is meat,\\n1 lb. biscuit or bread 1 lb. tea oz. coffee J oz.\\nsugar, 3 oz. marmalade or jam, lb. salt, oz.\\npepper, oz. vegetables, 2 oz. lime-juice, oz.\\nrum 1 pint. The canned-meat ration is supplemented\\nwhen possible by rations of pea soup, bacon, and\\na new preparation of powdered egg called ovo. Beef\\n200", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0246.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "The Emergency Ration\\nor mutton on the hoof is also obtained when possible.\\nUnited States Quartermaster General, please copy.\\nEach soldier also carries as part of his equipment\\nan emergency ration so often advocated, apparently\\nwithout effect, by General Miles. Such a ration will\\nsave many lives in every war. The regulation\\nration, packed compactly in a flattened oval tin with\\ntwo compartments, consists of 4 oz. of compressed\\ncocoa, honey, and Iceland moss, and 4 oz. of Austra-\\nlian pemmican, beef dried, ground to powder, and\\ncompressed. It can only be opened by order of an\\nofficer or in extremity, and will maintain strength for\\ntwo days.\\nFood for horse and mule forms an important item\\nin South Africa. Three ordinary trusses of hay, each\\ntwenty inches thick, are forced by hydraulic pressure\\ninto an eighteen-inch bundle the original length of\\nthe truss. This mass, hard as wood, is then saAvn\\ninto three sections for easy transportation. A full\\nration per horse is oats 12 lbs., forage 20 lbs.\\nTo gauge the efficacy of the Woolwich Supply\\nDepartment under Colonel Dunne, a single week s\\nshipment early this year was\\nMeat 1,209,392 rations. Pepper. 1,668,966 rations.\\nBiscuit. 1,174,600 Vegetables 2,257,492\\nTea Coffee 6,109,296 Lime-juice 1,505,280\\nJam 2,091,936 Rum 5,047,774\\nSalt. 12,615,680 Oats 1,825 tons.\\nSugar 6,336,667 Hay 450\\n201", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0247.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nAll these supplies were carefully inspected before\\nshipment, and tons were rejected for trivial short-\\ncomings.\\nAs the army of deliverance advanced to the front\\na line of pain moved from up-country hospitals to\\nmake room for fresh casualties. It was pitiful\\nto witness the difference between the stalwart men\\ngoing up, eager for the fray, and the shattered\\nwrecks who had borne the brunt of early battles.\\nBut the examples of war raised desire for reprisal\\nrather than fear in the hearts of the new-comers, many\\nof whom were destined ere long to be stark on the\\nveldt or a regimental unit C/-Medical Staff corps.\\nIf war has increased in its horrors so have the\\nmeans of mitigating its sufferings correspondingly\\nprogressed. A peep into the base-hospital at Wyn-\\nberg, a high suburb of Cape Town, showed what\\nmight be accomplished in a short time. Some of the\\nbuildings sprang up or were improvised in a night,\\nequipment was supplied with a generous hand, and\\nColonel Anthonisz, R. A. M. C, had the finest military\\nhospital that war history records. Then there were\\nhospitals at Durban, Maritzburg, and Eastcourt,\\nbesides the efficient field hospitals with the columns\\nand various hospital ships, and several convalescent\\nhomes.\\nI do not wish to make invidious comparisons between\\nAmerican and British wars under modern conditions.\\n202", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0248.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "Surgery and War\\nBut in care and commissariat the British soldier is\\na pampered epicure compared to the American, and\\nwhen one sees the egregious blunders of the British\\nleaders and the faults of their system, the thought\\nwill arise. What would Shafter s army have done\\nunder such conditions Spain s disabilities saved\\ndisaster in Cuba; but if another war should come,\\nwhich God forbid, this nation should not again be\\nfound unprepared. Think of the handful of surgeons\\nthat landed in Cuba, and the frightful absence of\\nequipment or common appliances. With BuUer s\\narmy in its original form were, 282 medical officers,\\n68 contract surgeons, 56 nursing sisters, 28 quarter-\\nmasters, R. A. M. C, 2,650 hospital orderlies. This\\nstaff has been proportionately increased with the\\nSouth African field force.\\nAs the fortunate recipient of three Mauser bullets\\nI can testify to the merciful qualities of the modern\\nrifle. The penetration and cleanly qualities of the\\nnickel-plated bullets are too well known, perhaps, to\\nneed recapitulation. When Mr, Marshall, the war\\ncorrespondent, was shot in the spine, such wounds\\nwere precedentedly fatal. A number of soldiers have\\nsurprised the British surgeons with similar recoveries.\\nMen shot through the brain have also recovered.\\nBut unfortunately the Boers soon discovered the\\ntemporary disablement of the wounds that they in-\\nflicted, and they speedily remedied the defect.\\nPrisoner after prisoner has been found with his\\n203", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0249.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nammunition doctored by an incised cross on the nose of\\nthe bullet, which makes it spread far more terribly than\\nthe Dum Bum. Some also have been found with\\ntheir bullets plastered with verdigris. Individual\\nBritish soldiers have retaliated by filing the tips\\nof their bullets, after the Dum Dum pattern, until\\ndetected and the men severely punished. But pause\\nin your denunciations, good people. Your horror of\\nBoer barbarism may be mitigated by the knowledge\\nthat the evil of poisoned bullets is greatly mitigated\\nby heat generated in discharge and the rapid flight\\nthrough the air. The incised bullet contravenes\\ncivilized warfare, but the Boer individually knows not\\nof Geneva conventions. As to the British Dum Dum,\\nthough I can positively state that it has not been\\nissued in South Africa, it is certainly less inhumane\\nthan the leaden bullets of the Springfield used in Cuba,\\nor those of any other rifle used in war before the\\nrecent adoption of coated pellets.\\nThe factory at Dum Dum, Calcutta, turns out sev-\\neral kinds of ammunition for Indian use, and the\\ncases marked Dum Dum found by the Boers at Dun-\\ndee contained regulation cartridges made there,\\nnot Dum Dum bullets. Mr. Webster Davis is trium-\\nphantly exhibiting split bullets of English make,\\ntherefore used by Buller s forces. These bullets\\nare nosed sporting bullets made by Eley of London.\\nTons of these have been shipped to the Boers for\\nhunting, and I have seen several cases of them cap-\\n204", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0250.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "Improved Surgical Methods\\ntured after various battles. They cannot be used\\nin the Lee Metford rifle, and the fact of their imprint\\nby a private London firm rather negatives than\\nproves the charge that they are used by the British.\\nSurgical science, indeed, is triumphing. With\\nRontgen rays in the field hospital, painful probing\\nis obviated, shell splinters and certain bullets are\\nextracted by magnetic contact, anaesthetics are admin-\\nistered for all painful operations, and antiseptic\\ntreatment reduces the risk of gangrenous complications\\nto a minimum. Ice can now be supplied at the front,\\neven in Natal s inferno. Hospital trains fitted on the\\nAmerican sleeping-car principle, carry the patients\\ngently down to the base, and hospital ships with\\nelectric ipunhah wallahs and many a delicacy, take the\\ninvalid home.\\nThe healthy reputation of South Africa notwith-\\nstanding, troops cannot sleep and march and fight\\nfor days, without shelter and often without food, in\\nalternate pouring rain, blistering sun, and chilling\\nwind. The strongest constitution will be broken\\ndown under the strain. Enteric fever, dysentery,\\nand typhoid ensue, and, despite all precautions,\\nthey will outnumber bullets in their deadly claim\\nfor mess numbers.\\nReinforcements were rapidly landed to augment\\nClery s force. The early and sometimes fatal dis-\\nposition to mass troops at the base until the brigades\\n205", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0251.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwere completed was superseded, and single battalions\\nwere sent forward as soon as landed. During the\\nmobilization the departmental corps were making\\npreparations for an advance in force, and the in-\\nfantry worked continually, unloading stores, while\\nthe staff completed the details of the component\\nparts of the complex military machine that must\\nwork smoothly and in order, for effect in war and\\npeace.\\nMajor Elliott, R. E., taking his life in his\\nhand, rode out daily to sketch the Boer positions\\nbeyond the Tugela. The colonial scouts scoured\\nthe country, and patrolled along the front, while\\nMajor Chichester, the provost marshal, rounded up\\na few disloyal farmers in the district and sent them\\nto Maritzburg for safe keeping. These rebels had\\nspied and looted, and sniped at the scouts. Perhaps\\nany country but the United States and England\\nwould have shot them. The Germans summarily\\nexecuted French civilians who operated in any way\\nagainst them but these Natal traitors were British\\nsubjects, and deserved no mercy imder the rules of\\nwar. I by no means advocate extreme measures,\\nbut I have seen so much inexcusable treachery\\namong the Cape Dutch that, while I admire British\\nmagnanimity as politic and humane, I wonder that\\nsome general has not hung a few as a salutary\\nwarning to flagrant disloyalty.\\nOn December 6th a service was held over the\\n206", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0252.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "Impressive Funeral Services\\ngraves of the first heroes to fall in the relief of\\nLadysmith, the victims of the armored train dis-\\naster. Over two thousand troops attended, with\\nGeneral Hildyard, Colonel Cooper, Prince Christian\\nVictor, and many other officers. Doctrinal differ-\\nences are forgotten in war, and since Dublins and\\nColonials lay together. Father Mathews, the plucky\\nchaplain of the Fusiliers, and Rev. Mr. Twemlow,\\nof the Colonials, combined for a simple and touching\\nservice, a possible tribute to the reunion of Christen-\\ndom. As the farewell volleys echoed over the kopjes,\\nthe bugles softly sounding the last post, distant\\nminute guns boomed at Ladysmith as if conscious\\nof the ceremony, and a salvo of heaven s artillery\\nreverberated through the mountains, typifying the\\ninsignificance of man in all his martial power.\\nThe commander-in-chief arrived at Frere during\\nthe early hours of the 6th, the eager troops turning\\nout in the darkness to give their leader a welcome\\nthat must have touched his soldier heart. Sir\\nRedvers BuUer has earned no feather-bed honors;\\nhis V. C, G. C. B., and K. C. M. G. have been won\\nwith the sword in a literal sense, and Tommy\\nAtkins, who is a connoisseur of generals, had and\\nhas unbounded confidence in him as a leader. On\\nthe morrow he was to celebrate his sixtieth birthday\\ntwenty years before, he had spent that anniversary\\nin South Africa, at no great distance from Frere,\\nfighting the Zulus to save the Boers from annihila-\\n207", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0253.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ntion. At the head of the Frontier Light-horse, he\\nhacked his way through the victorious blacks, at\\nthe head of his men, and turned the tide of Chelms-\\nford s misfortunes with the savage foe at Ulundi.\\nLater he witnessed Boer ingratitude, and silently\\nhad to see the flag withdrawn from the Transvaal.\\nNow he was back in South Africa, sending a force\\nto protect the Zulus from Transvaal aggression\\nand leading an army to crush the power to which\\nhe had indirectly contributed in 1880. The army\\nknew him as early as the Red River Expedition\\nand the subsequent war in West Africa, at an age\\nwhen few officers are known. It hailed him as the\\nsaviour of Graham s force from Dervish hordes, the\\nhero of Tami, where he commanded a truly British\\nsquare of Gordon Highlanders, Royal Irish, and his\\nold regiment, the 60th Rifles. In 85 he dashed\\nacross the desert to take command of Stewart s\\ndecimated column, extricating the hapless force and\\nbringing it to the Nile.\\nIn the ranks General Buller is respected as a stern\\ndisciplinarian. Squire Buller, Lord of the Court\\nof Canon Fee and of the Manor of Crediton, is\\nloved by the sturdy Devon farmers, and receives\\na warm welcome when his military duties enable\\nhim to live at the demesne of Downes. Thus he\\ncombines the essential qualities for a commanding-\\ngeneral, the strict discipline of the soldier, toned\\nwith tactful geniality as an administrator.\\n208", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0254.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "J9f\\n%i- ;.;-:\u00c2\u00abwri;p-;^^^..\\nf\\nAn appaie op outposts.\\nDrawn by John Charlton, from a sketch by W. T. Maud.", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0255.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0256.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "News from Ladystnith\\nA few hours after his arrival in camp, General\\nBuUer accompanied Lord Dundonald s cavalry bri-\\ngade in a reconnaissance along the Tugela. The\\nforce halted on a ridge within range of Colenso, and\\nthe staff carefully studied the Boer position, appar-\\nently unnoticed by the enemy. The fords of the\\nriver were carefully noted, and the party returned\\nsafely, to formulate the plan of attack.\\nOn the 10th news was heliographed from Lady-\\nsmith of two successful sorties made by the garrison\\nto destroy the enemy s artillery. The jBrst assault\\ntook place on the night of the 7th. To preclude\\nespionage, orders were only issued after Lights\\nout! had sounded and the garrison retired. Two\\nsquadrons each of the Light-horse, Natal Carbineers,\\nand Mounted Rifles, and sections of the diminished\\ngunners of the 10th Mountain Battery and Royal\\nEngineers were selected. Under General Hunter,\\nwith Major Henderson and twelve guides of the\\nIntelligence Department, this force moved out at\\n11 P.M. against the Boer lines at Lombard s Kop,\\nseven miles distant. They passed between the Boer\\noutposts successfully, and reached the foot of Gun\\nHill without discovery. A squadron of the Rifles\\nunder Rethman covered the left flank, a squadron\\neach of the three forces held the right, under Colonel\\nRoyston, to guard against advance from the main\\nlaager at Bulwhana. One hundred each Carbineers\\nunder Major Addison, and Light Horse under Major\\n14 209", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0257.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nEdwards then crawled up the position on their hands\\nand knees, with General Hunter and the guides.\\nWie horn daar\\nThe British halted for a moment, then crawled\\nsilently on, seizing the sentry as he peered into the\\ndarkness. He sobbingly begged for his life, and was\\nled up with the troops. But his first challenge had\\nawakened his sleeping companions and a voice cried,\\nPiet! Where art thou?\\nThe cold muzzle of a carbine pressed behind his\\near secured the silence of the trembling Piet. The\\nguard, blaspheming after the religious spirit of the\\nBoer, clambered down to find Piet, passing over\\nthe silent line before they discovered the enemy.\\nGreatly bewildered they then raced down the steep\\nhillside screaming, The rooineks! the verdomde\\nrooineks arousing their comrades on the hill. The\\nBritish scrambled on breathlessly, and the thoroughly\\nalarmed commando turned out to find the enemy\\nupon them. They fired rapid volleys, to which the\\ncolonials replied, and checked the advance for a\\nmoment. Though the volunteers carried carbines\\nonly. General Hunter, who was leading them, played\\non the enemy s horror of cold steel by the stentorian\\norder, Fix bayonets! Charge! The line swept up\\nwith a cheer, the Boers flying precipitately to avoid\\nthe supposed long knives.\\nOnly Major Henderson and Godson, a guide, had\\nbeen wounded, but the major was the first to locate\\n210", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0258.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "First Part of Enterprise Successful\\nthe famous Long Tom, and. the engineers were\\nspeedily at work. In these days of removable vents,\\nspiking the guns is but a figment of the cheap\\nromancer, and the glories effected by a tenpenny-nail\\nbelong to a past decade. Lieutenant Turner and two\\nassistants, of the Royal Engineers, quickly removed\\nthe breech-block. Long Tom was plugged, and a\\ncharge of gun cotton placed in and around muzzle\\nand breech. A 4. 7 -inch howitzer was simultane-\\nously treated by Captain Faulk. The troops with-\\ndrew to a safe distance. Turner placed his cigar\\nagainst the fuses, and three explosions announced to\\nanxious Ladysmith that the first part of the enter-\\nprise was successful. The breech-fitting of the mas-\\nsive 40-pounder was torn out, the bore scored, the\\nmuzzle split, and the gun rendered useless. The\\nSappers completed the wreck with sledge-hammers,\\nsmashing the sights, recoil buffer, and elevating gear,\\nremoving the breech-block as a trophy. The howitzer\\nwas irretrievably ruined.\\nThe enemy had advanced from Bulwhana, and\\npoured in a few volleys, killing two and wounding\\nfour; but after the explosions they rapidly retired,\\nand the victorious force descended the hill and re-\\nturned to camp unmolested. As they left the hill-\\ntop, a trooper fell over a Maxim in the darkness.\\nThis was quickly secured, and on the following day\\nit poured in bullets on its late owners.\\nGeneral White, disregarding the moral of the\\n211", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0259.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\npitcher and the well, arranged a second sortie two\\nnights later to destroy an annoying 4.7-inch howitzer\\non Surprise Hill, only three miles from camp. Colonel\\nMetcalf with five hundred men of the Rifle Brigade\\nfollowed Hunter s tactics, and two companies of\\nstormers reached the hilltop unobserved. The Boers,\\nhowever, were bivouacked in force close behind the\\ngunpit, and though they were surprised and retreated\\nhurriedly, they sustained a heavy fire from a further\\nposition.\\nLieutenant Jones coolly placed charges round the\\nhowitzer under a spatter of bullets, and lit the fuse.\\nIt failed to explode, and other commandoes closed\\nin, but the Rifles held their ground steadily while\\nanother charge was prepared and ignited, this time\\nsuccessfully demolishing the piece. The hill was now\\ncompletely surrounded by Boers, and the protecting\\nflanks were heavily engaged, but the Rifles charged\\nwith fixed bayonets and went through the enemy\\nwith a cheer, suffering considerable loss, however.\\nAn outlying picket, under the son of State Secretary\\nReitz, had taken refuge in the rocks close to the\\nvalley where the troops were re-forming. They\\ninflicted further loss, killing Captain Paton and sev-\\neral men outright, but the British were soon clear,\\nand leaving twenty men, without arms, to look after\\nthe wounded, they returned to camp. The storming\\nparty, two hundred strong, lost fifty-nine men dur-\\ning the operation.\\n212", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0260.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "Prisoners Sent to Pretoria\\nAt daybreak the incensed Boers found the de-\\ntached party searching for wounded. Despite their\\nobject, they were made prisoners and sent to Pre-\\ntoria, the wounded being left where they fell. The\\nambulance despatched from Ladysmith was also\\nseized, and the surgeon and bearer company arrested.\\nSeveral Boer officers had been severely disciplined for\\ntheir failure to repel the first sortie, and the burghers\\nwere in a tearing rage at the second loss of artillery\\nthrough their dilatoriness. Several threatened to\\nshoot the wounded in reprisal, and some of the Red\\nCross men were roughly handled, but Schalk Burger,\\nwho was in command, finally allowed them to depart.\\nWhile the pinch of the siege was only beginning\\nto be felt, the garrison welcomed the news that the\\nrelief column was mobilized and ready to strike.\\nFailure was not thought of.\\n213", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0261.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII\\nRepulses of Gatacre and Methuen. The Battle of\\nCoLENSO. Withdrawal of Buller. Loss of Long s\\nArtillery Division. V. C. s on the Field.\\nReverses to his central and western columns\\nhurried General Buller to make a decisive stroke with\\nthe Natal Field Force. General Gatacre, known in\\nthe army as Backacher from the feats of endurance\\nthat he has accomplished with his forces, and with a\\nhigh reputation from the Soudan, marched his column\\nagainst the Boer position at Stormherg, intending to\\nsurprise the laagers in the darkness and reconquer the\\nannexed district of Cape Colony. Such a surprise\\nwould be possible in the Soudan, but the risks of\\nnight operations in South Africa are stupendous, not\\ntha least of which are caused by the falsity of compass\\nbearings among the ferruginous rocks. Sir William\\nGatacre had only two thousand available men in his\\ncommand, but as Boer aggression was terrorizing the\\nentire north of the colony, the railway junction was\\nin their hands, and disloyalty was spreading to the\\ncoast itself, heroic measures seemed justified.\\nWith a reliable guide. Sergeant Morgan of the\\nlocal police, the column moved out from Putter s\\n214", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0262.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "Column Retired on Molteno\\nKraal at 4 a.m. December 9, and by road and rail\\nswooped down on Molteno, which was hovering be-\\ntween British and rebel control. Rapidly mobilizing\\nin the town, the force pressed forward after sunset\\nalong the left road to Steynsburg, intending to turn\\noff at right angles to take the Boer position in flank.\\nUnfortunately, the guide, missing the turning, led\\nthe troops sixteen miles instead of nine. Faulty\\nbearings finally placed the force on a further turning\\nfrom the main road, which ran directly parallel to the\\nreverse of the Boer position. Day was just break-\\ning, the general was urging on his worn-out men,\\nexpecting every minute to find the left of the position\\nlooming up on his direct front, when a sudden and\\nfurious fire burst at close range along the entire\\nlength of his column. After a moment of confusion\\nthe leading companies took a sharp right turn, and\\ndashed up the enfilading ridge. But perpendicular\\nrock surmounted by loopholed stone walls checked\\ntheir onslaught, and the line was hurled back to the\\nroad as the British bugles sounded Retire!\\nShot at every foot of the way, worn-out by twenty-\\nfour hours continuous exertion, the column slowly\\nextricated itself, fighting as it retired on Molteno,\\nharassed by bullet and shell into the very outskirts\\nof the city. When roll was called six hundred men\\nout of the small column failed to answer their names\\nkilled, wounded, or prisoners.\\nUnder ordinary conditions the forced assault on\\n215", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0263.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe reverse of the position would have been snccess-\\nfnl. But the long, rocky ridge, at the base of which\\nran the road, had been carefully and scientifically\\nintrenched on the north side by the colonials, to\\nrepel invasion during the early days of the war.\\nBefore troops could be sent up to occupy the junc-\\ntion the Boers had swept over the border and seized\\nthe ridge, intrenching on the south side to stay a\\nBritish advance. They had discovered the column,\\nmoving down as they supposed to assail their rear,\\nand they had hardly taken up a position in the\\nBritish trenches when the troops marched along\\ntheir line in quarter-column. It is little credit to\\nthe Boers that Gatacre was not overwhelmed. Far\\nsuperior in number, they had the column in a trap\\nwhich simple tactics could have closed. But the\\nBoer dislike to open fighting, even when great things\\nmight be accomplished thereby, enabled the British\\ngeneral to execute his masterful retirement with\\nthree-fourths of his force.\\nGeneral French, at Naaupoort Junction, gained\\nrapid if small successes and held the railroad intact\\nat that point, repeatedly outflanking the Boers with\\nhis cavalry and horse artillery, more mobile than the\\nenemy.\\nOn the western border Lord Methuen, after fight-\\ning severe but successful actions at Belmont, Graspan,\\nand Modder River, hurling the Boers back at each\\nstep, moved against their main position at Magersf on-\\n216", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0264.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "Bombardment at Magersfontein\\ntein on December llth. The Boers had been located\\nalong a line of steep kopjes, strongly intrenched.\\nBut the advance, which had appeared clear on the\\nprevious day to the scouts, who were unable to inspect\\nclosely through strong Boer outposts, was intersected\\nby a long, cunningly concealed trench running along\\nthe base of the kopjes, and strongly defended by an\\nimpenetrable tangle of barbed wire.^\\nFor two days a terrific bombardment had been sus-\\ntained against the Boer position, and the column\\nadvanced confidently at midnight, expecting to sur-\\nprise and overcome a demoralized enemy intrenched\\nas of yore along the ridges. The Highland brigade\\nwas in the van, the men marching in quarter-column\\nto sustain touch and direction in the darkness, the\\norder being to extend along the base of the positions\\nat dawn, after crossing the open without loss, and\\nthen press the attack.\\nBy 3.45 A.M. General Wauchope had led his men\\nalmost to the base of the kopjes, the Boer outposts\\nwere captured, sleeping quietly, and the men had\\neven loaded without discovery. Then a rifle was\\ndischarged accidentally, there was a hoarse challenge\\nfrom the long trench, awaking the Boers, who sprang\\n1 The successful employment of barbed wire in Cuba led the\\nTransvaal government to call for tenders early in 1899 for 950\\nmiles of the fencing. Two weeks later one Pretorian firm placed\\nan order with an American company for 1500 tons, and further\\nshipments have taken place so that an ample supply was on hand\\nfor purposes of defence.\\n217", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0265.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nto their arms and opened wild volleys into the dark-\\nness.\\nIndividual soldiers fired back, their flashes re-\\nvealing the brigade, caught in massed formation but\\none hundred and sixty yards from the rifles. Men\\nfell in heaps, but Wauchope rallied and hastily ex-\\ntended his regiments, and then ordered a charge. In\\nthe face of terrific volleys, the Highlanders swept\\ninto the wire defences, and though officers and men\\nstrove to break down the obstruction, mesh succeeded\\nmesh, and the attacking line melted away before the\\npoint-blank fire, the supports falling back. Wauchope\\nfell riddled with bullets at the head of his men.\\nThe supports rallied, reinforcements moved up,\\nand, checked but undismayed, the British formed on\\nthe open veldt and lay pouring ineffectual volleys\\nat the sheltered enemy from sunrise to sundown, ex-\\nposed to a pitiless fire in return. At midday the\\nBoer fire slackened, and again the Highlanders sprang\\nup and dashed forward with the bayonet. Again the\\nbarbed wire checked them, the leading lines were\\nswept away, and the remnant were driven back in\\ndire confusion, their rout being covered magnificently\\n.by the guards. For the third time the survivors\\nwere rallied, the Gordons in the van, and pressed\\nforward with short rushes. Backed by the Scots\\nGuards the shattered brigade again drew close,\\nordered to hold on until sunset and then charge.\\nWith the typical disregard either of Free State or\\n218", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0266.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "Attack on the Open Veldt\\nforeign allies, Cronje sent the Scandinavian contin-\\ngent under Baron Faderscold to attempt a flanking\\nmovement on the open veldt. The contingent was\\nwiped out, the survivors dragging their wounded to\\nthe British lines, declaring that they would fight for\\nthe Boers no longer. Cronje s line was wavering\\nunder the incessant shelling, and the burghers admit\\nthat the final charge would have succeeded. But\\nAlbrecht brought several guns into action at the close\\nof the day and swept the utterly exhausted companies.\\nFlesh and blood could endure no longer. Without\\nfood or water, under a terrible fire, their arms, legs,\\nand backs covered with vesicles from the blazing sun,\\nthe troops were unable to make further effort, but lay\\nwhere they had fought, far into the night, and then\\ncrawled back out of range. Reluctantly Methuen\\nwas forced to withdraw his command to the Modder\\nRiver.\\nAt Tel-el-Kebir Wolseley pursued similar tactics\\nwith success, and the world hails him as a hero.\\nMethuen failed, and has to face wholesale execration.\\nThe street tactician blames him for making a frontal\\nattack, but overlooks details of transportation which\\nheld him to the railroad line, a ddtour being impossi-\\nble save with a much stronger force, with abundant\\ntransport. Weakened by successive battles, his two\\nbrigades could hope to accomplish nothing save by\\nsurprise. Had he d^toured, he must have taken all\\nhis force and left a long line of communications ex-\\n219", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0267.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nposed. He could expect no reinforcements, and the\\nfault lies rather with those who underestimated the\\nenemy and gave him an impossible task. Remem-\\nber what Lawton s entire division suffered at Caney\\nfrom six hundred Spaniards without artillery, and you\\nwill sympathize with Methuen s two brigades opposed\\nto nine thousand steadfast Boers with several guns.\\nAnd those who hold Lord Paul Methuen as a proof\\nof the effete aristocracy of the army should first know\\ntheir man. They should see Saint Paul Methuen,\\nas he is sometimes called, earnestly conducting his\\nclass of young men in the East End slums. Would\\nthat all lords were like him.\\nThere is as little favoritism in the British army as\\nin the United States, and trained officers in time of\\nwar do not find themselves superseded by political\\nappointees who have never shouldered a rifle, a dis-\\ntinct hardship during the late unpleasantness with\\nSpain. The social butterflies who adopt the army for\\na profession have to pass an examination as rigorous\\nas in any country in the world. There is much snob-\\nbery in certain regiments; Mr. Winston Churchill,\\nwho has now completely vindicated his manliness,\\nsustained a caste in the 4th Hussars, which in-\\ncurred the contempt of all thinking officers, and\\nthinking men, too, if they heard of it.\\nBut fortunately for the army, a more democratic\\nspirit generally prevails, and while it is absolutely\\nnecessary for a subaltern to have private means to\\n220", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0268.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "No Favoritism in British Army-\\naugment his pay,^ Of Ours is all the social status\\nneeded to win popularity. A manly, well bred man\\ncan become a power in a regiment where a titled\\ndolt will be the laughing-stock. The democracy\\nof Rugby, Eton, or Harrow is carried through Sand-\\nhurst into the army. As a certain prince had to fag\\nfor young Astor, so the Queen s grandson in the\\nRifles, not long since, was subservient to the son\\nof a wholesale draper, who boasted three months\\nseniority. What other army can show the fearless,\\nclear-cut, intelligent type of men who officer the\\nUnited States and British armies?\\nCarlyle wrote of the usual manner of British offi-\\ncers, without knowledge of war or fear of death.\\nBut he spoke of the days of purchase. British officers\\nmay have known little of modern warfare, for field\\ndays make soldiers, but not generals. But for a\\nridiculous inattention to the lessons of the Spanish\\nwar, belittled by Toral s abject surrender, South Afri-\\ncan leaders might have made their initial plans differ-\\nently. Their experience was costly, but useful to\\n1 The Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University recently invited\\napplications for commissions, and pointed out that candidates\\nmust have sufficient means to support the same. That such condi-\\ntions should debar suitable men from appointments in the hour of\\nneed shows the necessity for drastic change. Few can exist on the\\npresent pay of subalterns, and a poor man is forced to waste his\\nenergy in West Africa or on the frontier in native corps, because\\nhe cannot sustain his position in a line regiment. It is specially\\nhard for the sons of officers. Born and reared in the army they\\nare soldiers by instinct, but their fathers have seldom the means to\\nplace them in the service.\\n221", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0269.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe military world. The common assertion, how-\\never, that leaders are chosen by social preferment,\\nmore competent officers being superseded through\\nfavoritism, is directly negatived by the present lead-\\ners. Wolseley, Roberts, Buller, Kitchener, Clery,\\nFrench, and many others have won their rank and\\nhonors by sheer hard service in the army, which they\\nentered as unknown subs. It is unfortunate that\\nthere are not more Hector Macdonalds, but when\\nBobs is commander-in-chief direct promotion from\\nthe ranks will be easier. To-day field-marshals\\nbatons can hardly be said to lie in every private s\\nknapsack.\\nThe mobilization of the Ladysmith relieving column\\nwas completed by General Clery on December 11th,\\nwhen General Buller reviewed the command, num-\\nbering 22,000 fighting men.\\nThe column comprised: the Cavalry Brigade, the\\nEarl of Dundonald, 1st Dragoons, 13th Hussars,\\nBethune s and Thorneycroft s Horse, three squadrons\\nof the newly enrolled South African Light horse,\\nWalter s composite corps of regular Mounted Infan-\\ntry, and the detached companies of the Natal Carbineers\\nand Imperial Light-horse, 2,700 mounted men. The\\ninfantry brigades were: the 2d Brigade (English),\\nGeneral Hildyard s, the Devon, West York, West and\\nEast Surrey regiments, 4th Brigade (Light Infantry),\\nGeneral Lyttleton, 1st Rifle Brigade, 3d Battalion\\n222", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0270.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "Ladysmith Relieving Column\\n60th Rifles, Scottish. Rifles, and the Durham Light\\nInfantry, 5th Brigade (Irish), General Hart, Dublin\\nand Inniskilling Fusiliers and Connaught Rangers, and\\nthe Border regiment which replaced the Royal Irish\\ndetached to General Gatacre, 6th Brigade (Union),\\nGeneral Barton, 2d Royal Fusiliers, 2d Royal Scots,\\n2d Royal Irish, and 1st Royal Welsh Fusiliers. With\\nthe above force were the 7th, 14th, 63d, 64th and\\n66th field batteries R. A., two naval 4.7 guns\\n(Lyddite), and six long-range 12-pounders under\\nCaptain Jones of the Forte, and six naval 12-\\npounders under Lieutenant Ogilvy.\\nBarton s composite brigade made the first advance,\\nhonors being even for each country represented\\ntherein. Beside the union of England, Scotland,\\nIreland, and Wales, the territorial system has not\\nrestricted the regiments in question, and it is safe to\\nsay that every county of the countries had its quota\\nthere. On December 12th the brigade escorted six\\nnaval guns to a kopje east of the railroad, dominating\\nat 7,000 yards the intrenched ridges that menaced\\nthe wagon bridge crossing the Tugela. A heavy\\nbombardment of the Boer position was sustained from\\n7 A.M to 1 P.M. on the following day, the Lyddite\\nshells blowing great gaps in the opposite intrench-\\nments. The enemy made no reply, and current\\nrumor had it that they had become demoralized by\\nthe fire and had withdrawn.\\nOn the 14th a general advance was ordered camp\\n223", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0271.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwas struck and moved forward to a position beyond\\nChieveley, preparatory for an attack in force on the\\nmorrow. The naval guns advanced nearer the river\\nand again pounded the enemy s position but again\\nthe masked Boer guns were silent, and mounted\\npatrols who ventured close to the river were not fired\\nupon. When general orders were read that evening\\nfor the attack at daybreak, no one expected a severe\\nfight, and most decided that the effective fire of the\\nnaval guns had taught the farmer foe a salutary\\nlesson, and the general supposition was that the enemy\\nhad removed his cannon out of range, and would make\\nlittle opposition. Strangely, the Natalian forces, who\\nhad lived with the Boers from childhood, were loudest\\nin belittling the resolution of the enemy. But a few\\nsagely shook their heads and talked of Dutch slim.\\nThe Tugela (Startling) River rises on the Free State\\nside of the Mont aux Sources in the Drakensberg and\\nleaps into British territory in a sheer descent of 1,800\\nfeet, the highest waterfall in the world. The river\\nusually flows quietly through the picturesque scenery\\nof Natal, but the melting of the snow on the berg, or\\na heavy and perhaps entirely local rain-storm, swells\\nit into a turbid flood that sweeps down without warn-\\ning, and woe betide the hapless traveller caught pass-\\ning a drift. Its tributaries are numerous. On the\\nnorth it is fed by the Klip River from Ladysmith and\\nthe Sunday River from Elandslaagte. Its first trib-\\n224", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0272.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "The Tugela River\\nutary, the Little Tugela, flows in on the south bank\\nfrom Springfield; the Blauwkrantz (Blue Cliff) joins\\nit from Frere, the Bushman River from Eastcourt, and\\nMooi (good) from Weston.\\nIts largest tributary is the Buffalo River, which\\nrises near Charleston and forms, first, the eastern\\nboundary between Natal and the Transvaal, and in\\ncrude right angle with the Tugela marks the west\\nand south border of Zululand. The Buffalo is joined\\nby the historic Ingogo between Majuba and New\\nCastle, and its course is marked by points of special\\ninterest, notably Rorke s Drift, Fort Northampton,\\nand Fugitive Drift where the heroic Melville fell,\\nthe last of his ill-fated corps, with his regiment s\\ncolors wrapped around him. A monument marks the\\nplace of his death.\\nLike all South African rivers, with the short ex-\\nception of the Umzimkulu, the Tugela is not navi-\\ngable, and in the dry season its tributaries are\\nmiserable spruits. But for this it would prove a mag-\\nnificent water way through the richest districts of\\nNatal, with branches connecting the important towns\\nin the colony. A Brobdingnagian feat of engineer-\\ning can transform this water system with a series of\\nlocks and embankments and if the future promise of\\nNatal is fulfilled, a great South African canal may be\\nprojected along the Tugela and its branches.\\nThe railroad crosses the river by a massive bridge\\nat Colenso, where the Bulwer road runs north and\\n15 225", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0273.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\na wagon bridge and drift also cross at this point.\\nThe Boers had taken up a strong position on the\\nnorth side of the crossing, where the advance of relief\\nfor Ladysmith, following the railroad from the coast,\\nmust cross the river. Meyer s defeat at Talana led\\nto the selection of Louis Botha, his junior assistant\\nduring the establishment of Vryheid, and a very\\nyoung member of the older Boer party, as direct\\ncommander under Joubert to oppose the British ad-\\nvance. Disappointed at their failure to surprise Mar-\\nitzburg, and disheartened by the rapid advance of\\nRed Bull (Redvers Buller), whom a few had fought\\nunder in the Zulu war, but most supposed to be a\\nbrother of John Bull, the burghers, notably the Free\\nStaters, were anxious to fall back to defend their\\nown territory. They had been told that 40,000 men\\nwere the utmost force that England could gather for\\na foreign war. They had shut a fourth of this army\\nin Ladysmith here was one half coming to its relief,\\nand yet each day they heard of 50,000 men marching\\nup to relieve Kimberley and invade the republics.\\nBut the quiet wisdom of their young general soon\\nrestored their confidence and they loyally assisted\\nhim in carrying out his plans. With amazing per-\\nspicuity this simple strategist, heedless of the advice\\nof skilled European officers, argued out the position\\nand acted accordingly. The topography of Natal\\nmust be studied to be appreciated. It is an ideal\\ncountry for defence it is the most difficult country\\n226", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0274.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "Boers Destroy Colenso Bridge\\nin the world for aggressive campaigning. Sustain-\\ning a strategical offensive with a tactical defensive,\\nthe Boers had every advantage on their side. But the\\nconsummate skill evinced by Botha in realizing and\\napplying this advantage, with a prescience of British\\nmovements gained only by a logical deduction of the\\npossibilities, probabilities, disabilities, and precedents\\nof the force before him, caused him to anticipate and\\nmeet every manoeuvre to cross the river.\\nThe Boers destroyed the massive railroad bridge at\\nColenso, but left the road bridge intact, occasionally\\nsending patrols over as if they had retained it for\\ntheir own use, and afterwards occupying the houses\\non the right bank to lure on the force. On their side\\nof the river, Fort Wylie, evacuated by the British\\nearly in November, dominated the bridges. It was\\ngreatly strengthened by earthworks. The drifts or\\nfords over the Tugela, marked on the field map, were\\ncunningly altered by throwing dams across at night,\\nrocks abounding for this purpose. Rows and rows\\nof trenches were erected before these drifts, the\\ndefences being masked by brush and the natural rocks\\nof the kopjes.\\nFrom the left or Boer bank of the river successive\\nkopjes rise in tiers, extending along the entire front\\nand ranging backward toward the north in irregular\\ngroups to lofty eminences, Grobler s Kloof and Red\\nHill, which formed the centre of the Boer position,\\ncommanding the entire sloping plain on the line of\\n227", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0275.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nadvance. On these heights they mounted their big\\nguns. The Tugela near Colenso makes a sharp bend\\nnorthward, winding between the line of kopjes and\\nhills running east and west. With Fort Wylie to\\nhold the approaches to the bridges, Botha threw up\\nlines of trenches extending along the entire water\\nfront, at the base of the kopjes and around the irreg-\\nular sides. The left of his line, stretching across the\\nriver where it flows north, rested on Mount Hlang-\\nwane on the right bank of the Tugela. Learning a\\nlesson from Santiago, he planted his position with\\nrows of barbed wire entanglements. The river bed\\nand the long grass and brush extending up the open\\nbank of the Tugela on the British side were plenti-\\nfully strewn with barbed wire fences, torn bodily from\\nsurrounding farms and distributed in layers in the\\nshallows and along the ground likely to be traversed\\nby troops assailing the drifts.\\nThe ground leading to Colenso from Chieveley is\\nvery open and traversed by dongas. The veldt slopes\\ngently down to the immediate river bank, which is\\nsteep and covered with long coarse grass and scrub.\\nYou will thus see that a force advancing from Chieve-\\nley toward Ladysmith must cross the open in face\\nof a terrific rifle and artillery fire from well screened\\npositions. Still exposed, the advance across the river\\nwould be retarded by barbed wire and the artificial\\nflood of the drifts, and if a command could live to\\nforce a passage, row after row of kopjes must be\\n228", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0276.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "Colenso s Impregnable Position\\nstormed in succession on the opposite bank the direct\\nopposition supported by the lieavy guns and reserve\\nrijQLemen on the eminences in the rear.\\nIn these days of modern warfare, the impregnable\\nposition certainly seems to exist, and with resolution\\na handful of men at Colenso could stay the advance\\nof an army corps. Imagine two miles of successive\\npositions like San Juan in Cuba, but seven times\\nlonger, covered with rocks, steeper, and a hundred-\\nfold more difficult to assail. Throw in front of them\\na broad, unfordable river, with an open, unprotected\\nadvance in place of the El Poso woods that covered\\nthe advance to within 600 yards of the Spanish\\nblockhouses. Place in the position a foe a hundred\\ntimes more resolute and thirty times more numerous\\nthan Toral s advanced forces in Cuba. Advance\\nyour column, but one brigade larger than Shafter s\\narmy, across the open, force a passage over the river\\nunder the belching of 15,000 rifles, tear your way\\nthrough the entanglements on the banks, carry these\\ntwenty San Juans in succession while the command-\\ning eminences in rear sustain a terrific fire on your\\nadvancing forces, storm those final heights, capture\\nthe enemy s guns, and you have won the battle of\\nColenso.\\nThe wonder is not so much that the British failed,\\nbut that they accomplished so much without a greater\\nloss. Before you attempt to criticise BuUer, study a\\nmap of Natal and read Bloch.\\n229", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0277.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nOn the night of December 14th the following gen-\\neral orders were issued\\nOrders by Lieutenant General Sir F. Clery, K.C.B.,\\nCommanding South Natal Field Force.\\nChievelet, Dec. 14, 1899 (10 p. m.).\\n1. The enemy is intreBched in the kopjes north of\\nColenso Bridge. One large camp is reported to be near\\nthe Ladysmith road, about five miles northwest of Co-\\nlenso. Another large camp is reported in the hills which\\nlie north of the Tugela in a northerly direction from\\nHlangwane Hill.\\n2. It is the intention of the General Officer Command-\\ning to force the passage of the Tugela to-morrow.\\n3. The 5th Brigade will move from its present camp-\\ning-ground at 4.30 a. m. and march towards the Bridle\\nDrift, immediately west of the junction of Dornkop Spruit\\nand the Tugela. The Brigade will cross at this point,\\nand after crossing move along the left bank of the river\\ntowards the kopjes north of the iron bridge.\\n4. The 2d Brigade will move from its present camp-\\ning-ground at 4 A.M. and passing south of the present\\ncamping-ground of No. 1 and No, 2 Divisional troops, will\\nmarch in the direction of the iron bridge at Colenso. The\\nBrigade will cross at this point and gain possession of\\nthe kopjes north of the iron bridge.\\n5. The 4th Brigade will advance at 4.30 a.m. to a point\\nbetween Bridle Drift and the railway, so that it can sup-\\nport either the 5th or the 2d Brigade.\\n6. The 6th Brigade (less a half-battalion escort to bag-\\n230", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0278.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "General Orders\\ngage) will move at 4 A. m. east of the railway in the direc-\\ntion of Hlangwane Hill to a position where he can project\\nthe right flank of the 2d Brigade, and, if necessary, sup-\\nport it or the mounted troops referred to later as moving\\ntowards Hlangwane Hill.\\n7. The officer commanding mounted brigade will move\\nat 4 A. M., with a force of 1,000 men and one battery of\\n1^0. 1 Brigade Division, in the dii ection of Hlangwane\\nHill; he will cover the right flank of the general move-\\nment, and will endeavour to take up a position on Hlang-\\nwane Hill, whence he will enfilade the kopjes north of the\\niron bridge.\\nThe officer commanding mounted troops will also de-\\ntail two forces of 300 and 500 men to cover the right and\\nleft flanks respectively and protect the baggage.\\n8. The 2d Brigade Division, Royal Field Artillery,\\nwill move at 4.30 A. m., following the 4th Brigade, and\\nwill take up a position whence it can enfilade the kopjes\\nnorth of the iron bridge. This Brigade Division will act\\non any orders it receives from Major-General Hart.\\nThe six naval guns (two 4.7-inch and four 12-pounder)\\nnow in position north of the 4th Brigade, will advance\\non the right of the 2d Brigade Division, Royal Field\\nArtillery.\\nNo. 1 Brigade Division, Royal Field Artillery (less one\\nbattery detached with mounted Brigade) will move at\\n3.30 A. M. east of the railway and proceed under cover of\\nthe 6th Brigade to a point from which it can prepare the\\ncrossing for the 2d Brigade.\\nThe six naval guns now encamped with No. 2 Divi-\\n231", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0279.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nsional Troops will accompany and act with this Brigade\\nDivision.\\n9. As soon as the troops mentioned in preceding para-\\ngraphs have moved to their positions, the remaining units\\nand the haggage will he parked in deep formation, facing\\nnorth, in five separate lines, in rear of to-day s artillery\\nposition, the right of each line resting on the railway, but\\nleaving a space of 100 yards between the railway and the\\nright flank of the line.\\nIn 1st line (counting from the right)\\nAmmunition Column No. 1 Divisional Troops; 6th\\nBrigade Field Hospital; 4th Brigade Field Hospital;\\nPontoon Troop, Eoyal Engineers; 5th Brigade Field\\nHospital 2d Brigade Field Hospital; Ammunition\\nColumn, No. 2 Divisional Troops.\\nIn 2d line (counting from the right)\\nBaggage of the 6th Brigade Baggage of the 4th Bri-\\ngade; Baggage of the 2d Brigade.\\nIn 3d line (counting from the right)\\nBaggage of Mounted Brigade; Baggage of No. 1 Divi-\\nsional Troops; Baggage of No. 2 Divisional Troops.\\nIn 4th and 5th lines (counting from the right)\\nSupply Columns in the same order as the baggage\\nColumns in second and third lines.\\nLieutenant-Colonel I. Beeves, Boyal Irish Fusiliers,\\nwill command the whole of the above details.\\n10. The position of the General Officer Commanding\\nwill be near the 4.7-inch guns.\\nThe Commanding Boyal Engineer will send two sec-\\ntions 17th Company Royal Engineers with the 5th Bri-\\n232", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0280.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "Force Moved Forward\\ngade, and one section and headquarters with the 2d\\nBrigade.\\n11. Each infantry soldier will carry 150 rounds on his\\nperson, the ammunition now carried in the ox-wagons of\\nregimental transports being distributed. Infantry great-\\ncoats will be carried in two ox-wagons of regimental trans-\\nport, if brigadiers so wish other stores will not be placed\\nin these wagons.\\n12. The General Officer commanding 6th Brigade will\\ndetail a half-battalion as baggage guard. The two naval\\nguns now in position immediately south of divisional\\nheadquarter camp will move at 5 A. M. to the position now\\noccupied by the 4.7-in. guns. By order\\nB. Hamilton, Colonel^\\nAssistant Adjutant-General\\nSouth Natal Field Force.\\nAt 3 A.M. on Friday, Deceml)er 15th, the British\\ncamp was struck and the entire force moved forward.\\nWith some diiSculty the two 4.7 naval guns were\\ndragged by oxen to a low spur west of the rail-\\nroad, where with four long-range 12-pounders they\\ncame into action under Captain Jones of the Forte,\\nopening steadily with the early dawn at 4.45, making\\nFort Wylie their objective. After thirty minutes\\ndesultory shelling, which failed to draw the enemy s\\nguns, that they might be located and silenced, a\\nfurious bombardment was opened on the kopjes pre-\\nparatory for the attack.\\nOutposts and scouts advanced toward the river, but\\n233", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0281.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nnot a shot was fired. A few burghers galloped madly\\nacross the bridge and away as Hildyard s brigade\\nmoved forward in open order beside the railroad.\\nSkirmishers fired at the houses on the south side of\\nthe water, which had been occupied by the enemy on\\nthe previous day, but not a rifle replied, and there\\nwas not a sign of life on either side of the Tugela,\\nsave on the far kopjes at the north centre of the posi-\\ntion, where a group of mounted burghers were appar-\\nently riding away for dear life.\\nAfraid of our naval guns! They have moved\\ntheir own heavy pieces out of action was the\\ngeneral comment. The troops stepped forward with\\nan eagerness of action after long restraint, and the\\nproud smile of victory assured. No one supposed\\nthat the farmer foe would be mad enough to place\\ntheir advance across the river which would cut off\\ntheir retreat, to face advancing columns that must\\nhurl them back into the water. Perhaps such tactics\\nwere the result of Boer over-confidence, but over-\\nconfidence, if it invites disaster, sometimes achieves\\nvictory.\\nDown toward the Tugela moved the brigades, look-\\ning only at the positions across the water. On the\\nright centre bombardiers rode right to the river bank\\ncrossing empty Boer trenches that led from a clump\\nof woods. With Captain White-Thomson they found\\nthe range in the open without molestation, and re-\\nported the ground clear of the enemy. Colonel Long,\\n234", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0282.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "Halt! Action Front!\\nleaving the slower oxen to bring forward the naval\\n12-pounders, then led the two field batteries of his\\ndivision at a smart trot far ahead of the infantry to\\nwithin 800 yards of the river to sweep the kopjes on\\nthe far side. Sectional commanders gave the objec-\\ntive, Fort WyKe, the range 1,200 yards, and the guns\\nswept down in line at 6.20 a.m. with neither sight\\nnor sound of the enemy.\\nHalt! Action front!\\nThe drivers lifted their whips as they drew up\\ntheir sweating horses, the limber gunners were twist-\\ning in their seats, prepared to dismount Bang!\\nwent a signal gun beyond the river. Then burst\\na sound like the anchor chain rattling through the\\nhawse hole, a crash of thunder and a ripping, tear-\\ning, whistling and detonation as if all the fiends in\\nhell were loosed.\\nMaxims and automatic 1-pounders had opened from\\nthe kopjes by the river, every gun on the hills behind\\nhad spoken. And from every ridge and the fort\\nbeyond the Tugela, and worse yet, from the trenches\\non the south bank of the river, which had been quickly\\nreoccupied by the Ermelo commando under cover of\\nthe thicket, a terrific rifle fixe burst in the face of the\\nBritish.\\nThe two batteries bore the brunt in the centre.\\nWithout direct support, they were suddenly assailed\\nwith a hail of bullets poured in at point-blank range,\\nthe terrible phut-phut gun across the river searched\\n235", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0283.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthem out with its cruel little shells, and ere the guns\\nwere unlimbered half the teams were down, gunners\\nand drivers were writhing on the ground, and it was\\nimpossible to retire from the trap. The discipline of\\nthe artillery responded to the test. The wagons\\nwere somewhat sheltered in a donga, but the detach-\\nment high numbers, rushing forward, cut loose the\\ntangled teams, dragged the limbers behind the guns,\\nchanged rounds to replace casualties, and served\\nammunition as if on a field day, the gunners working\\nthe guns steadily until Fort Wylie and the surround-\\ning kopjes erupted with bursting shrapnel.\\nThe Creusots on Grobler s had the exact range,\\nhowever, and their 40-pound missives of steel and\\nballs ploughed their way through the devoted batter-\\nies. One shell wiped a subdivision practically out of\\nexistence, but the survivors, finding their gun use-\\nless, ran to augment the detachments on either side\\nof them.\\nColonel Long fell dangerously wounded fifteen\\nminutes after the fight opened, and was carried to a\\ndonga in rear, shot through the stomach, arm, and\\nback. Delirious from the sun and loss of blood, he\\ncontinually muttered, My brave gunners my brave\\ngunners The two battery captains, Goldie and\\nSchrieber, were shot dead. Colonel Hunt fell next.\\nThen Lieutenants Gethin and Elton were wounded,\\nbut they clung to their guns until a second bullet\\nbrought down Elton, and Gethin fainted from loss of\\n236", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0284.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "Gunners in Face of Certain Death\\nblood. Lieutenant Gryles was shot tiying to aid\\nSchrieber; the subdivision sergeants had suffered as\\nseverely, but the surviving subalterns, Holford, with\\nhis face gashed by a splinter, and Birch, distributed\\nthe depleted detachment through the batteries and\\nslaved at the guns with their men to the last. Splen-\\ndid fellows were these stalwart British gunners who\\ngrimly stood by their guns in the face of certain death.\\nHellas could not have produced greater heroes Leon-\\nidas would have been proud of such.\\nYou must abandon the battery, shouted a ser-\\ngeant as he sank wounded and the fire increased.\\nBut the idea was scouted. No. 3 of one gun was\\nshot as he fixed the lanyard, but attempted to fire\\nas he lay on the ground. The downward jerk lifted\\nthe friction tube and it snapped harmlessly above the\\nvent, but supporting himself by the wheel, he man-\\naged to insert another tube and fired his gun before\\nanother arrived to take his place. At No. 5 gun,\\n14th Battery, Nos. 2 and 4 alone were left, but they\\nran up, laid and fired their piece, alternately fetch-\\ning ammunition from the limber. One fell, and the\\nsolitary No. 4 served that gun until the limber con-\\ntained case shot alone. Pressing home double charges\\nhe flung out the tins of balls at an extreme canister\\nrange, searching the enemy skulking along the near\\nbank then a bullet marked him, and he sank across\\nthe trail of the now silent gun. Wright and Hinton\\nworked two guns alone until they could get no more\\n237", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0285.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nshell; other subdivisions reduced to three or four\\nmen also fired on until their last charge was ex-\\npended then the remnant crept into a rut to await a\\nfresh supply. The adjutant Thomson crawled out\\nfor a blanket for Colonel Long, and was shot down as\\nhe returned.\\nMeanwhile Hart s brigade had advanced in quarter-\\ncolumn to force Bridle Drift on the left. Dornkop\\nSpruit, which joins the Tugela at an acute angle,\\nlay in front of part of the brigade. These companies\\nwere preparing to cross to deploy beyond; the lead-\\ning battalions had advanced in close formation into a\\nsalient loop of the river, when the firing burst forth.\\nThe van-guard received a terrific cross-fire from the\\nbend, besides the frontal fire from the kopjes, and a\\nshare of the gunnery from Grobler s Kloof. Mad-\\ndened by the surprise and consequent loss, the impet-\\nuosity of the gallant Irish was restrained with diffi-\\nculty, while the companies deployed in open order.\\nAt every point rose piles of white stones by which\\nthe Boers had previously marked out exact ranges,\\nand their fire with gun and rifle was absolutely accu-\\nrate but the troops swept forward with a yell of rage\\nand defiance, rolling back an advance guard of the\\nenemy intrenched in a donga, and forcing them into\\nthe river, where several were shot or drowned, though\\nmany escaped along the wooded bank.\\nOn, through the wire entanglements, surged the\\nlines of Dublins, Inniskilhngs, and Rangers, closely\\n238", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0286.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "Irishmen Reached River Bank\\nsupported by tlie Borderers. The leading lines of\\nskirmishers were swept away as the Boers, on flank\\nand front, strove to hurl back the assault but deliv-\\nering steady volleys, advancing in short rushes, tak-\\ning advantage of every bit of cover, the devoted\\nIrishmen finally reached the river bank. Two of\\nLyttleton s battalions now moved down to support,\\nclosely followed by the 63d and 64th Batteries, which\\nwere splendidly handled by Colonel Parsons, but nar-\\nrowly escaped envelopment and were forced to with-\\ndraw further back.\\nMany, wounded in the earlier advance, struggled\\nto their feet and came into the firing line, but nothing\\ncould be seen of the intrenched enemy save the pale\\nsmoke rising from the Mausers, blending with the\\nsun haze on the kopjes circling the river bend.\\nPretorius, with his Boer and Irish gunners, turned\\non Long Tom from Grobler s, and the first shell\\nploughed into the Inniskillings, leaving a furrow of\\nmangled flesh and agony; a second sought out the\\nRangers.\\nNo use being torn up like field dummies, shouted\\na Dublin officer, as he scrambled down the bank and\\nfelt his way into the drift. He fell, but a few men\\nwere following. Then a little bugler of the Dublins\\nnamed Dunn, who had been ordered to the rear but\\nhad trudged on with his company, ran in the lead,\\nsounding the advance. Several companies immedi-\\nately fixed bayonets and dashed down to the water.\\n239", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0287.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nThey were met with a heavy fire, but the shrill notes\\nof the boy rang above the volleys, until a shrapnel\\nburst over him, mangling the brave young body\\nwhich was swept down stream.\\nWith a shout of rage the baffled soldiers plunged\\ninto the river and dragged him to land. Then they\\nswept through the merciless hail into the drift and\\nstarted across to rout out the hidden foe. But they\\nstepped into ten feet of water, where had been a ford\\nof three. Weighted down with ammunition and\\nequipment, many sank, were caught in the barbed\\nmeshes and rose no more; others, struggling vainly\\nfor a footing, were swept into mid stream, and\\ndrowned where the water surged over the artful dam.\\nBut holding their rifles over their heads, swimming\\nas they might, some soldiers struggled on. The water\\nsizzled with bullets, which dxopped around them one\\nafter another sank with wounds or exhaustion, and a\\nmere handful reached land. At the glint of steel the\\nBoers along the bank scurried away to the kopjes\\nlike rabbits, pursued by British volleys from the other\\nside; but the little party gazed round in bewilder-\\nment, the target from a thousand hidden rifles above\\nand around them ^then, finding they were unsup-\\nported and that nothing could live to face such a fire,\\nthey turned sullenly to the water again and struggled\\nback, a meagre few surviving to rejoin their comrades\\n1 Dunn survived his injuries, and has since been decorated by\\nthe Queen.\\n240", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0288.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "Attempt to Cross the Bridge\\non the south bank, who were sustaining steady vol-\\nleys. Here the regiments lay along a vast cabbage\\nfield, without a vestige of cover, stormed at and\\nhailed at, but grimly waiting for the order to retire.\\nThe advance of Hildyard s brigade in the centre,\\nprepared by the silenced batteries, was covered only\\nby the naval battery of Long s division under Lieu-\\ntenant Ogilvy of the Tartar, who had brought his\\nguns into action, 400 yards behind the field batteries,\\nand escaped much of the fire that had mowed down\\nthe gunners. Ogilvy concentrated a terrific fire on\\nthe trenches surrounding Fort Wylie, which the\\n4.7-inch guns in rear were doing their best to demol-\\nish. The Boer volleys did not perceptibly decrease,\\nhowever, though the Queen s and the Devons forced\\ntheir way down toward the river, the former occupy-\\ning Colenso station. The Wylie kopje was then in\\npart subdued. A number of skirmishers pressed on\\nto the water and attempted to cross by the bridge and\\nmain drifts, but these were immediately swept away.\\nThe commander-in-chief, with General Clery, who\\nwas in immediate command, had followed the ad-\\nvance closely. Realizing the impossibility of forcing\\nthe crossing without direct artillery support, he\\ndiverted a portion of the brigade to attempt to cover\\nthe withdrawal of the silenced batteries. Colonel\\nBullock with two companies of Devons managed\\nto reach the guns, and two companies of the Scots\\nFusiliers crawled along to a donga near by but this\\n16 241", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0289.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Duller\\ninfantry advance revived the diminished fire from\\nthe environs of the fort, and a general movement\\ntoward the guns had to be abandoned. BuUer and\\nClery had ridden along the line to try to avert disas-\\nter, fearlessly exposing themselves. Both were\\nslightly wounded, Buller by a shrapnel ball, Clery\\ngrazed by a bullet, and several officers of their staff\\nwere killed around them. They now called for vol-\\nunteers to try to extricate the guns.\\nThe ammunition wagons were sheltered in a water\\ncourse, 700 yards behind the batteries. By great\\nexertion, Captain Schofield, R. A., Captain Con-\\ngreve, the press censor, and Lord Roberts son,\\nLieutenant Roberts, all of the general staff, assisted\\nby Nurse, Taylor, Young, Petts, Rockall, Lucas, and\\nWilliams of the 66th Battery, took out two wagon\\nteams to bring in the guns. Before they were half\\nway across, a shell blew Roberts horse to pieces, and\\nhe fell badly mangled Congreve was shot down 100\\nyards from the batteries, his horse was killed beside\\nhim, and he was twice wounded, ere he could crawl\\nto cover. But the others limbered up two guns, and\\nthough they lost one entire team and several men\\nfell, the animals were redistributed, the dead horses\\ncut loose, and the two guns finally dragged to cover.\\nThe dead and wounded, however, had to be left,\\nmany being killed as they lay on the field. Congreve\\nmanaged to drag himself into the donga in which\\nLong and the surviving gunners were lying. At\\n242", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0290.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "-C-^^\\nM\\n^s\\nii\\n1", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0291.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0292.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "Attempt to Aid the Wounded\\nthis juncture Surgeon-major Babtie, waving a white\\nhandkerchief, galloped out to attend the wounded.\\nThe Boers fired heavily at him, however, his horse\\nreceiving three bullets ere it fell, he being slightly\\nwounded as he dashed for the donga on foot. He\\ndressed the wounds of the party, and turned to find\\nthat Congreve had crawled out to aid Roberts the\\nmoment his wounds were dressed. Seeing the former,\\nfaint from loss of blood, trying to bring in the lieu-\\ntenant, he dashed out to the guns to aid him, and\\ntogether they carried in the mangled body of Bobs\\nJunior, the bullets swishing up the dust around\\nthem until they reached shelter.\\nAn ambulance that started out to try to bring in the\\nwounded from the donga was driven back by a heavy\\nfire, and after that attempt failed, the limbers again\\ntried to go out to the guns, but horses and men fell\\nso rapidly that the second attempt was abandoned.\\nAt this juncture Captain Reed of the 7th Battery,\\noperating on the right, heard of the difficulty and\\ncalled for volunteers from his battery to make a\\nfinal attempt. Thirteen responded: Money, Reeve,\\nClarke, Musgrave, Robertson, Woodward, Wright,\\nAyles, Hawkins, Lennox, Nugent, Warden, and\\nFelton.i They took out three teams and limbers.\\nMajor Babtie, Captains Congreve and Reed, Lieutenant Rob-\\nerts and Nurse were awarded the Victoria Cross. Roberts only\\nsurvived his wounds a few hours, but his name will long live on the\\nroll of honor, a worthy son of his father. His Cross was given to\\nLady Roberts by the Queen, after this true soldier-wife had said\\n243", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0293.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Duller\\nOf the 21 horses, 14 were killed ere the party had\\ncovered half the distance from the donga, and though\\nwith the residue of his men Reed extricated three\\nhorses, the firing grew so heavy that he was forced\\nto retire, carrying in most of his wounded, but leav-\\ning the dead on the field. Until night he did not\\nreport his own wound, a bullet in the hip.\\nOgilvy s naval guns at this time had lost half their\\noxen and were also in danger. The sailors offered to\\nhold their ground, however, and keep the enemy from\\nthe abandoned guns before them until dark, when all\\ncould be withdrawn. But BuUer, anticipating the\\nrisk of envelopment from the flank, and unable to\\nbring up infantry to support, would not further\\nendanger this more important battery. It was retired\\nwith great difficulty and loss the native drivers re-\\nfused to approach, and the depleted teams of oxen\\ndriven by sailor-gunners responded obstinately to\\ntheir strange masters under a heavy fire. An im-\\nprovised ammunition-wagon was abandoned, but this\\nwas finally saved by a Natal farmer named Pringle,\\nfarewell to the General and was left to face her sorrow and sus-\\npense alone. The nineteen volunteers who had assisted were\\nawarded the medal for Distinguished Service in the Field, an honor\\nsecond only to the coveted V. C. Captain Schofield, whose gal-\\nlantry was equal to any of the above, was not recommended for a\\nV. C, and was forced to be content with special mention in de-\\nspatches. The points of discrimination in bestowing the Cross are\\nnecessarily fine. The gallant Schofield did not receive the decora-\\ntion because it was in line of his duty to rescue the guns, and\\nthe other ofllcers had followed their own initiative, a hardly fair\\ndistinction.\\n244", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0294.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "Enemy Pressed their Advantage\\nwho inspanned a team of oxen and brought it in,\\nthough the mark of a thousand rifles.\\nOn the extreme right, Lord Dundonald, dismount-\\ning his irregulars and mounted infantry, had assailed\\nHlangwane Hill. The South African Light Horse\\nreceived their baptism of fire on the left. Walter s\\ncomposite corps advanced in the centre while Thorney-\\ncroft s Horse attempted to turn the extreme Boer left.\\nBut the mobile foe adroitly turned the British flank,\\nand Thorneycroft was forced to withdraw down a\\nnarrow valley with heavy loss.\\nThe enemy pressed their advantage, closing in\\nforce on the right of the British line. With a single\\nsection of the 7th Battery and his practically raw\\nColonials, Dundonald fought stubbornly, and a por-\\ntion of his force clung tenaciously to the side of\\nHlangwane, while a message was sent to the centre\\nfor reinforcements. Half of Barton s brigade might\\nhave been detached with ease and the position taken.\\nFrom Hlangwane Hill the entire Boer line could have\\nbeen enfiladed, and its capture would have turned a\\nreverse to an advantage, though nothing could have\\nachieved instant victory. But the infantry could not\\nbe detached without direct orders from headquarters\\nthe galloper was killed looking up Buller, and no help\\nwas sent. The risk of individual initiative in a\\nplanned battle is great, but a regimental or brigade\\ncommander who had acted on his own authority and\\nsent a battalion or two of the supports to aid Dun-\\n245", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0295.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ndonald might have had the kudos of success on a day\\nof universal disaster.\\nAlong the whole British line, the checked regi-\\nments held their ground. The midsummer sun blazed\\ndown furiously on the unprotected men, for the\\nDecember heat on the parched veldt runs the Soudan\\na close second. But continued exposure was futile,\\nand after eight hours heavy fighting a general retire-\\nment was ordered.\\nThe brigades of Hart and Lyttleton were being\\nsearched out in their scanty shelter by light Boer\\nguns, which had been moved back under cover of the\\nkopjes and circled round to take a position on the\\nmilitary crest of a ridge nearer the river. But even\\nat this range these guns could not be located, and\\ninflicted severe loss. When the Retire sounded,\\nthere was no panic. Hildyard s and Barton s brigades\\nfell back very steadily, pursued by a heavy rifle-fire\\nand an effective shelling from the quick-firers. Hart s\\nsuffered still more terribly as they fell back across the\\nopen, Lyttleton s Rifle regiments receiving their\\nshare of punishment as they covered the movements.\\nAt 1.30 P.M. the worn troops were out of rifle\\nrange, and plodded their way into camp, pursued by\\nheavy but fortunately inferior shelling from the hills.\\nThe Boers then crossed the bridge, reoccupying their\\nposition along the south bank, which had taught a\\ncostly lesson that day. Dundonald was hardly\\npressed, and it was two hours after he received\\n246", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0296.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "Boers Crossed toward Guns\\nthe order to retire, before he could disengage his\\nforce.\\nThrough the fatal wound of an orderly, Colonel\\nBullock with the twenty survivors of the artillery\\nescort was not notified of the general retirement,\\nand remained in the donga with the wounded. The\\nBoers hurriedly crossed toward the guns and were\\ngreeted by a scattering volley from this plucky\\nhandful. Lieutenants Birch and Holford of the\\nartillery volunteered to rush out and fire case shot\\nat the burghers, but this would have courted death\\nand could not save the guns, so it was forbidden.\\nThe surviving gunners unfortunately had left their\\ncarbines with the limbers, and the slightly wounded\\nartillery men were unable to assist in the defence.\\nBut Boer tactics were now reversed, and though\\ncommando after commando crossed to seize the guns,\\nthe twenty sheltered British kept them at bay until\\nsunset, when an enfilade fire was poured in among\\nthem, and Bullock arranged an armistice, pointing\\nout that the donga was a dressing station, and it\\nwas only fair that the surgeon with the wounded\\nofficers and men should be removed to a place of\\nsafety, when he and his heroes would fight on to\\nthe end.\\nDuring the parley a number of Boers crept close in\\nand swarmed into the donga. Surrender, you brave\\nfool! shouted one in English. The colonel emptied\\nhis revolver at the crowd that rushed at him, and\\n247", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0297.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthen went down under a terrific blow with a clubbed\\nrifle. The party were at once made prisoners by the\\nJohannes burghers; a British ambulance was hailed,\\nand filled with the wounded, but the remainder were\\nsent to Pretoria. Though wounded, despite Article\\n2 of the Geneva Convention to which the Transvaal\\nso proudly subscribed, the Boers refused to release\\nColonel Hunt, because he had commanded the guns\\nand in face of his agony and protests, he* was taken\\nfrom the stretcher and packed off with the rest.\\nThe withdrawal completed, the burghers swarmed\\noyer the bridge or swam the river at all points, and\\ncommenced to strip the wounded and dead. The\\nveldt was strewn with helpless forms, and near\\nBridle Drift the dead lay in heaps. Their need of\\nclothes and outfits may excuse the Boers, but brutes\\nalone would strip wounded men and leave them naked\\nunder a blistering sun. Ghouls also hacked fingers\\noff to secure rings, and some mocked and maltreated\\nthe stricken men. The Roman Catholic chaplain of\\nthe Irish, who remained on the field, reported that\\none Boer deliberately smashed in the face of a\\nwounded private of the Rangers with his heel, shout-\\ning that he would end all d n rooinehs. A veldt\\ncornet, bettered in appearance by an Arkansas hobo,\\nkicked a dying soldier who struggled to retain his\\nboots.\\nYet there was another side, for a fair-haired Boer\\n248", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0298.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "Boer Humanity\\nladdie swam the river and moved naked over the hot\\nveldt, giving water to the wounded. And indeed\\nthere are so many cases of Boer humanity on the\\nfield, that the frequent instances of their ferocity are\\noffset.\\nIn the war of 1881 the burghers behaved with\\nutmost brutality in every instance, and I fear one\\ncan give little credit to the Transvaal burghers. But\\nthe present army has had a leavening of intelligent\\nFree Staters and aliens, and the younger generation\\nof Boers have learned good as well as bad from their\\ncontact with the despised Uitlanders. An army must\\nbe judged as a whole and officially. There has been\\ntoo much disposition to quote individual acts against\\nthe republics, but they have treated prisoners hu-\\nmanely and have shown every disposition to carry\\non the war in a civilized manner. Courage, mag-\\nnanimity, and self-abnegation are attributes of the sol-\\ndier fostered by war. Yet some men will be turned\\nto savages by the thought of carnage. They become\\n1 Back-country commandants like Snyman, who held Lady\\nSarah Wilson close prisoner and finally exchanged her for the\\nconvict Viljoen, the man who deliberately shelled the Mafeking\\nwomen s laager, thinking their condition would induce the men to\\nsurrender, and cut native women to the bone with rawhides for\\nattempting to leave the city, are brutes beyond the pale of civiliza-\\ntion. The black-list of Transvaalers would not be a short one\\nand the brave Cronje is in the category but their deeds are over-\\nshadowed by the actions of more intelligent leaders. Joubert,\\nBotha, Meyer, Prinsloo, Coster, and others were f oemen worthy of\\nthe best steel. If we do not believe their cause just, let us at\\nleast credit them with fighting, and fighting bravely, for what they\\ndeemed right,\\n249", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0299.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with BuUer\\nhardened, brutalized; for homicidal appetite is cre-\\nated, and seeks unnecessary gratification.\\nThe looting was stayed by the approach of the\\nambulances, which were greeted by two field guns and\\nseveral volleys fired at close range. The bearer com-\\npanies were recruited from the Uitlanders, and several\\nAmericans were enrolled therein. They advanced\\nsteadily with a large Red Cross flag at their head,\\nand the emblem itself was torn by bullets. In vain\\nthe surgeons galloped to the Boer lines waving their\\nhandkerchiefs and pointing to the flag. Eighteen of\\nthe ambulance men were killed or wounded ere a\\nBoer officer, more humane than his fellows, rode\\ndown the line and checked the firing. It is said that\\nthe burghers knew this role of the hated Uitlanders,\\nand shot them down determinedly. Many indi-\\nvidual shots were fired afterwards and one surgeon\\nwas killed. This shooting was deliberative and\\ninexcusable.\\nMajor Barton of the Rangers had been cut off with\\nseveral men, whom he disarmed and detached to aid\\nthe wounded when the ambulances arrived. Collect-\\ning their water-bottles, he went to fill them at the\\nriver to revive the stricken men on the veldt. He\\nwas surrounded, and an Austrian officer in charge of\\nthe party, seeing he was a combatant officer, saved\\nhim from the charge of being a spy, and to satisfy\\nthe burghers placed him on parole ere he was re-\\nleased. In striking conscientiousness, he reported\\n250", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0300.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "Wounded Sent to Hospitals\\nthis at headquarters, and General BuUer relieved him\\nfrom duty and sent him down country so that he\\nshould not break his word. This trivial incident is a\\nsignificant tribute to the code of honor of the British\\nofficer.\\nBy sunset over 800 wounded had been collected on\\nthe field, passed through the Field Hospital, and\\nbeen sent by train to the permanent hospitals at East-\\ncourt, Maritzburg, and Durban. Sir William Mac-\\nCormac and the celebrated surgeon, Mr. Treves,\\nsuperintended the treatment and transportation.\\nDuring the evening an informal truce was arranged\\nto bury the dead. The naval guns in rear had been\\ntrained to cover the abandoned batteries, and volun-\\nteers were ready to extricate them at night. Opera-\\ntions were suspended by the truce, however, under\\ncover of which BuUer could have brought in his guns.\\nHe forbade the attempt as a violation of the armis-\\ntice; but the Boers, having no such scruples, and\\ncovered by the truce, hooked up teams and took the\\npieces over the river. The guns were fairly theirs,\\nhowever.\\n251", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0301.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX\\nRe-echoes of Colenso. The Question of Artillery.\\nLyddite. Effect of Reverse in England. Lord\\nRoberts. Christmas at the Front. Effect of\\nVictory on the Boers. The Assault of Lady-\\nsmith. A Brave Defence and a Brave Attack.\\nTreachery. Boer Positions on the Tugela. Diffi-\\nculties of South Africa.\\nWas there no way round ejaculated the United\\nStates military attach^, as he was shown the posi-\\ntions at Colenso after the reverse. And civilian\\ntacticians of two continents have taken up the cry,\\nwith bitter criticism of General Buller. But with\\nLadysmith the centre of a circle of very difficult\\npositions, intrenched at all assailable points by an\\nenemy in uninterrupted occupancy for forty days and\\nnights, the radius marked by main road and rail had\\nadvantages that overruled the consideration of radii\\nthat might have been drawn from weaker points of\\nthe circumference. Wide detours could have been\\nmade and a passage forced through at some more\\nassailable spot, but to relieve Ladysmith, communi-\\ncation had to be reopened with the South. Ammuni-\\ntion and supplies cannot be taken over continuous\\nkopjes with a mobile foe on either flank, and for the\\n252", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0302.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "Plan to Effect a Lodgment\\nrelief of the city, possession of the railroad or an\\naccessible route to the coast was essential.\\nGranted, however, that Colenso was the point to\\nattack, the method of its delivery is open to criticism.\\nIt is pardonable to be defeated, but never to be\\ntaken by surprise. The attack was planned accord-\\ning to text-book, but the task was impossible, and\\nthe fault lies not so much with General BuUer as\\nwith individual leaders, who were completely tricked\\nby the Boer silence until the whole battle opened and\\nwas decided by a virtual ambuscade. The commander-\\nin-chief knew the Boer better than his generals, and\\ndid not expect to sweep all resistance directly before\\nhim. His plan was to effect a lodgment beyond the\\nTugela at the foot of Fort Wylie, and by Hart s\\nflank attack, seize the row of kopjes along the direct\\nfront. The successive ridges held by the Boers\\nwould then mask each other, and from these intrenched\\nkopjes he hoped to shell out and take the succeeding\\npositions ridge by ridge. The plan of operations was\\nskilful, and deserved to succeed.\\nHad Hart been able to force the ford on the left,\\nand had the frontal attack been supported by artil-\\nlery, the river might have been crossed. But the\\nwisdom of the Napoleonic maxim, Never do what\\nyour enemy wishes, for the reason that he wishes,\\nwas unfortunately exemplified. The Irish brigade\\nadvanced in quarter-column just where the enemy\\ndesired, and attempted to cross the drift that they had\\n253", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0303.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nflooded. On the right they lured Long s field guns\\ninto the trap that they had prepared. The Intelli-\\ngence Department should have discovered all this, you\\nwill say. But scouts cannot walk up to the enemy s\\nguns, and little that ordinary scouting could accom-\\nplish was left undone. While the Boers completely\\nmisled the British as to their disposition and re-\\nsource, they did not attempt to give the impression\\nthat they had entirely evacuated the position. They\\nsustained patrols and outposts that kept scouts well\\non the south bank of the Tugela, but their trenches\\nwere accurately located, though nothing more was\\nknown.\\nA cunning secret service is adverse to the British\\nidea. Many a foreign mercenary or Dutch farmer\\ncould have been bought or spies enlisted. But\\nwhile Transvaal gold has been spent like water on\\nMachiavellic service, ranging from the efforts of Leyds\\nto create international complications by sending bo-\\ngus British recruiting agents to foreign capitals, and\\ndisseminating stories that led to unnecessary seizures\\nof mail vessels for carrying contraband, to the cor-\\nruption of Johannesburg barmaids, as suggested by\\nMrs. Kruger, and the enlistment of colonial traitors\\nin the volunteers to poison army horses and send\\nout reports through disloyal farmers, British secret\\nservice has been practically nil. But the bloody\\nlessons were not lost, and only by costly experience\\ncan tactics be evolved to suit modern warfare. A\\n254", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0304.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "Praise for Army of Herders\\nfrank recognition of mistakes should not impair con-\\nfidence in the army or its leaders, and a close study\\nof past errors is of greater importance than a review\\nof previous successes.\\nAnd now for a word of praise for the army of\\nherders and their leaders. For three days they had\\nrested in their bombproofs, resisting the invitation to\\nduel with the naval gunners, who so thoroughly\\nshelled the position without reply. They had marked\\nevery range with white stone heaps to the efforts of\\nskirmishers to force them to unmask their position\\nthey vouchsafed no reply, and challenges that trained\\narmies would rapidly have answered were disdained.\\nThe artillerymen taking the range and locating a posi-\\ntion for the guns were unmolested. Then they saw\\nthe confidence which they had inspired impel the\\nBritish onward, Long s batteries sweeping forward\\non the right centre. Hart s brigade in quarter-column\\non the left, both seemingly irresistible targets for\\nthe outposts. But not a shot was fired; they awaited\\nthe approach of their victims into a certain and un-\\nfailing zone, when they loosed the restraint and\\nachieved a brilliant success.\\nIt was partly accidental. Hart had first to cross\\na spruit and donga at accessible points, and could not\\ndeploy until he had passed beyond. Long had ex-\\nplicit orders to keep his field batteries with the 6th\\nBrigade. But he took a gunner s initiative, and\\nafter superficial investigation led his guns forward\\n255", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0305.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nto within 300 yards of the reoccupied trenches, rely-\\ning, however, on a portion of Barton s brigade to\\nscour the woods in which the Boers were hiding.\\nThe order for this miscarried.\\nThe drill-books need revision. As laid down, 1700\\nyards is the limit of artillery vulnerability from rifle\\nfire, but the Mauser can be effective to 2000 yards.\\nThis rifle is the best extant. The Spaniards and\\nBoers have demonstrated its superiority against\\nthe Krag-Jorgensen and Lee-Metford respectively.\\nEventually, I think the British arm will be rated\\nsecond and the Krag third, though the detached\\nmagazine has many disadvantages.\\nThere was another combined fault and accident of\\nwar. Hlangwane Hill, on the near side of the river,\\nwas a key to the situation. The Boer left was\\nstrong, and covered some stiff hills and country, but\\nthere was no river to cross, and the northward trend\\nof the Tugela here cut off the Boer retreat. The\\nhills dominated the Colenso position in flank at ex-\\ntreme range, but well within reach of the naval guns.\\nThe importance of gaining a position across the\\nriver, and a fatal underrating of the strength of the\\nenemy led its value to be minimized, and its capture\\nwas left to the Colonials. Dundonald soon realized\\nboth the importance of the position and his inabihty\\nto take it single-handed, and through the lack of\\ninitiative of officers of Barton s brigade and the\\ndeath of the galloper sent on to Buller for orders,\\n256", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0306.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "spirit of Initiative must be Fostered\\nthe Colonials were unsupported until the order for\\nretirement, which they executed unwillingly and\\nwith difficulty.\\nThe South African campaign has furnished glaring\\ninstances of excessive initiative and the lack of that\\nquality, of debatable value in war. In the extended\\nformations of the day a spirit of initiative unknown\\nand unnecessary in the massed formations of the great\\nFrederick must be fostered not only in officers, but in\\nthe men. The commander of an army now cannot\\nhope to achieve success unless he can rely on the\\nanticipation of his desire by subordinate commanders\\neven to the least degree, and count on an intelligent\\ninitiative by which they will meet the exigiencies of\\nthe situation in a manner calculated to further the\\ngeneral plan. Unlooked-for contingencies must arise\\nin a modern battle, when the delay of forwarding a\\nreport and receiving direct orders would prove fatal.\\nThe Boers have given many practical illustrations\\nof the value of collective individuality at critical\\nmoments. Pedantry has established defined rules\\nfor every occasion and emergency in the British\\narmy, but the spirit of forethought and individuality\\nof officers leads more often to success than does\\nrigid observance of rules. But initiative that ends in\\nfailure may have a court-martial sequel.\\nGeneral Buller s weakest arm was artillery. The\\nrecognized proportion of three guns per thousand\\ninfantry is an estimate that will now be very consid-\\n17 257", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0307.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nerably augmented. Long range and barbed wire\\nrather resolve field into siege operations they are no\\nlonger widely separate. In a difficult country the\\nneed of howitzer batteries is paramount. Under\\nwhat I will now term obsolete rule, Buller should\\nhave had at least sixty-six guns. He had but thirty-\\nsix field guns, one battery of which was operating\\nas horse artillery with Dundonald, and the naval\\ncontingent, which in an attack like that of Colenso\\nwere worth more than the two brigade divisions.\\nThere is much hysterical gush written about the\\noutranging of the British field guns by Boer artillery,\\nthe critics overlooking the conflicting claims of\\nmobility and range. The Boers had ample time to\\nplace heavy guns into position which naturally\\noutranged the field pieces of their opponents, built\\nchiefly for rapidity of movement. The field artillery\\nis satisfactory for its own work. It is not intended\\nfor siege purposes; and the fault lay in the tardy\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0despatch of the howitzer batteries which could\\noperate effectively against strongly intrenched posi-\\ntions. Since naval guns are not always available,\\nthere is a distinct need also of heavier cannon, which\\ncan be detached and mounted for effective field ser-\\nvice from the garrison artillery.\\nThat the field guns could and should be improved,\\nI do not deny. The War Office for several years\\nhas shelved the question of improving the field bat-\\nteries. They realized that the practice of warfare was\\n258", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0308.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "Field Guns\\nin course of revolution, and with an economic wisdom\\nthat has caught them napping, they were waiting\\nuntil the best gun on the market had been evolved,\\nwhen they could re-arm the batteries according to a\\ndeveloped situation. Experimental batteries have\\ntried new guns, but England does not share the\\nfeverish apprehensions of war suffered by the Conti-\\nnental Powers. In waiting to profit by their demon-\\nstrations, she suddenly found herself a principal in a\\nwar with one of the most difficult opponents in his-\\ntory. She had to face the most retrogressive, yet one\\nof the bravest, of the world s races, who had pur-\\nchased fine military brains and weapons in Europe,\\nand in a country built by nature in impregnable\\nfortresses, they applied them in combination with\\ntheir own singular methods and steadfast courage.\\nBoth Germany and France observe absolute secrecy\\nwith regard to their weapons. In 1897, Germany\\nexpended forty-four million marks on a quick-firing\\nfield-gun. France then at once equipped one hun-\\ndred field batteries with a new quick firer. Russia,\\nof course, was next moved to action, and General\\nEngelhardt devoted himself to perfecting an improved\\nfield gun, which was supplied to the field batteries by\\nthe Alexandrousk and Pontilov works.\\nThe French and German field guns outrange the\\nBritish 15-pounder by 1000 yards. The French\\nweapon, which is the more perfect, I believe, has a\\ncalibre of three inches its recoil is entirely nega-\\n259", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0309.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ntived, and it can thus deliver fifteen shots per\\nminute. This is nearly five times as many as those\\nfired by the United States field gun, and three times\\nas many as the British field gun with spade attach-\\nment. The Russian gun is a 14-pounder (calibre\\n3.42), with a muzzle velocity of 1,950 feet per\\nsecond, and a stated record of sixteen shots per\\nminute, the recoil being checked by hydraulic\\nbuffers, and negatived by india-rubber springs and\\nan attachment similar to the telescopic spade of Sir\\nGeorge Clarke which is now fitted to the British field\\nguns.\\nThe Transvaal had quietly purchased an ample\\nequipment of Krupp and Canet quick-firers, and\\nvicious little Vickers Maxims (.37 mil.), which spit\\nout a demoralizing stream of 20-oz. shells. The 75\\nmil. Creusot, that is, the Schneider-Canet (14|-\\npounder), of which the Boers have four eight-gun\\nbatteries, is 1 cwt. lighter than the British 15-pounder;\\nits shrapnel has 234 bullets (24 more than its oppo-\\nnent), and its recoil is checked by the Engelhardt\\n(Russian) attachment. It sustained a fire of ten\\nrounds per minute at its trial at Le Creusot on behalf\\n1 The celebrated Le Creusot works were founded in France by\\nan Englishman named Wilkinson in time to furnish arms for the\\nsea and land forces when France was affording not wholly disinter-\\nested aid to the American colonies. The founder was one of the\\nmany Britishers who sympathized with the revolted colonists, who\\nwere fighting for the very principle that English people had striven\\nto maintain against the Stuarts, and which Anglo-Saxon Uitlanders\\nhave demanded in vain from President Kruger. Wilkinson could\\n260", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0310.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "Equipment of Boers\\nof the Transvaal government. Its shrapnel range is\\n4,500 yards, with a muzzle velocity of 1,837 feet\\nper second. Besides these, the Boers have several\\nCreusot and inferior heavy guns, 4, 4.7, and 6 inch,\\nmounted on specially built carriages.\\nBy dint of long practice in moving loaded wagons\\nacross their frightful country, they have infused\\nmiraculous mobility into their massive Creusots, and\\nby means of blocks and tackle and the simple intro-\\nduction of ordinary ploughs, requisitioned from the\\nfarms and fixed to drag-ropes to retard descent, 40-\\npounders and large calibre howitzers have been moved\\nfrom hill to hill with astounding celerity.\\nBut for the naval guns, the British army would\\nhave been in sore plight. For field guns to come\\nwithin possible range of the main artillery position\\nwas impossible, since the former was chosen far in\\nrear, and the opposing gunners would be within easy\\nrifle range of the foremost trenches. To pit field\\nguns against intrenched riflemen is futile. The\\nBoers have fuses timed for 5,200 yards; the shrap-\\nnel opposing them is limited to 4,100. Beyond 5,000\\nyards the fire of the British field guns is precarious,\\nand 5,500 is their limit unless the trail is sunken, at\\nextreme risk to mountings.\\nDr. Johnson, speaking of the insidious danger of\\nnot obtain a settlement, and was ruined. Singularly, a British com-\\npany which was working Le Creusot during the Franco-Prussian\\nwar was also ruined when its bills on the imperial government were\\nrejected by the Commune.\\n261", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0311.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nsmall debts, said, Big debts are like big guns they\\nmake much noise, but do little harm. Until the\\nperfection of the elongated projectile and flattened\\ntrajectory, the effect of artillery was rather moral\\nthan material. Before assaulting the Diippel re-\\ndoubts, the Prussians prepared the advance by firing\\n11,500 shell in less than six hours. These inflicted\\nsmall loss but great demoralization on the plucky\\nDanes. Artillery is now a strong deciding factor in\\nreducing the fire of an intrenched enemy and making\\nassault within the realms of possibility. Moral effect\\nremains, however, and five minutes furious shelling\\nwill generally be more efficacious than an hour s\\ndesultory fire.\\nThe early British successes in South Africa were\\nnot helpful, inasmuch as they gave false hypotheses\\nfor a general plan, and caused loss of life and time\\npending rectification. The howitzer batteries were\\ndelayed to the last, adjudged useful perhaps in re-\\nducing Bloemfontein, necessary only for the fall of\\nPretoria. The authorities overlooked the miles of\\nnatural fortresses to be overcome ere Natal was\\ncleared or the enemy s country invaded.\\nThe siege train consisted of fourteen 6 -inch, eight\\n5-inch, and eight 4-inch howitzers. The 6-inch has\\na range of 10,000 yards, the others firing 9,000 yards.\\nTheir high-angle fire of 35\u00c2\u00b0 to 40\u00c2\u00b0 enables them to\\nlob shells over the heads of advancing infantry, to\\ncover assault almost to the point of the final rush with\\n262", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0312.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "Invention of Woolwich Arsenal\\nthe bayonet. Field guns must usually cease firing\\nwhen the lines of attack are within 500 yards of the\\nposition, though this rule is governed by the config-\\nuration of the ground.\\nLyddite, the bursting charge of the shells fired by\\nthe howitzers, is an improvement on the French\\nmelenite. A secret invention of Woolwich Arsenal,\\nit is named after the gunnery range at Lydd, Kent.\\nIts explosive force may be judged from Omdurman,\\nwhen one shell, penetrating a hard clay bank, ex-\\nploded and blew its base over the heads of the firing\\nbattery, 3,000 yards distant. In the present conflict\\nit has neither upheld nor disproved its reputation.\\nThe shock of explosion is said to kill at a radius of\\nforty yards, but the Boers declare it a harmless explo-\\nsive. Since they have chiefly experienced it against\\ntheir bombproofs, and the thousands of shell that\\nthey hurled into Ladysmith produced such slight\\nloss, the rough statistics gathered from prisoners\\nshow that its effect is at least threefold greater than\\nthat of their melenite.\\nHalf a century ago a French chemist found that\\ncotton wool treated with nitric acid was inflammable\\nto an extent that ranged its force with gunpowder,\\nsuddenly developing a volume of gas, combustible in\\nthe presence of oxygen. Few thought that this\\ndiscovery would revolutionize warfare. It was many\\nyears before the tremendous advantages of a slow-\\nburning explosive were recognized, but finally from\\n263", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0313.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ngun-cotton and nitro-glycerine mutual solvents have\\nbeen found, producing cordite, melenite or lyddite,\\nall of which obviate the fibre and clogging of gun-\\ncotton. In the two latter, however, used maiiil} for\\nbursting, not impelling charges, pure carbolic acid is\\ntreated with nitric acid, picric acid being the result.\\nThis can be poured into the shell in liquid form and\\nhas none of the risks of dynamite in exploding with\\nthe shock of discharge. It is detonated by fulminate\\nof mercury and picric powder, one acting on the\\nother, and thus on soft ground the shells are liable\\nnot to explode.\\nReverse at every point aroused the complacent\\nBritish public to the magnitude of the operations in\\nSouth Africa. The Little Englanders and the agin\\nthe governments of all denominations who had\\ncharged Mr. Chamberlain with inciting the war now\\nfound it necessary to alter their tactics. The govern-\\nment that they had charged with undue belligerence\\nwas now arraigned with lack of preparation for war.\\nBut the nation, which has cried out if the army esti-\\nmates were excessive, not the government, was to\\nblame for the shortcomings that would have been far\\ngreater in any other country, Germany excepted.\\n1 Most of the shortcomings were unavoidable in a great mobiliza-\\ntion where only a small standing army is maintained. The blatant\\ncriticism from the ex-Secretary of War was in specially bad taste,\\nsince his niggardly policy when in office was notorious, and even\\nsmokeless powder was not of his mind. The country should con-\\ngratulate itself that his party was not in power.\\n264", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0314.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "Dutch have Cost England Dearly\\nAnd leaving recrimination to petty politicians, the\\npeople, shouldered the responsibility, providing money\\nand men to press the war to the end.\\nReverse was salutary for the arrogance of national\\nspirit, strengthened in the British race by their power\\nand progress. Illogical patriotism is a fault of\\nAmericans and British, as well as of less favored\\nnations. National histories are too apt to minimize\\ndefects, obscure defeats, and glorify successes beyond\\nproportion. Centuries of success in warfare account\\nfor British pride; but insular prejudice, common in\\nthe Englishman, causes a universal dislike.\\nIn history the Dutch have cost England dearly,\\nand blood will tell, even if it is mixed and traits are\\nperverted. But since vast resources must eventually\\nwin, let us give glory to Kruger for two things,\\nuniting the vast British empire and teaching British\\npride a salutary lesson. Assumption of invincibility\\nbegotten by victories of the past is liable to foster a\\nself-complacency of the present that is dangerous.\\nArmaments must be adapted to foreign policy, or the\\npolicy to the armaments, and the country has lived\\ntoo long on Trafalgar and Waterloo.\\nLike the North in the Civil War, the British com-\\nmenced by underrating their opponents and the task\\nbefore them. Bad practice in war is worse than\\nnone, and successive campaigns of civilization against\\nsavages taught British officers much that they have\\nunlearned in South Africa. Fortunately, Anglo-\\n265", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0315.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nSaxon level-headedness came to the rescue in the\\nhour of trouble; and where Latin races would have\\noverthrown the ministry, the British took Lincoln s\\nadvice and did not swap horses when crossing the\\nstream, only augmenting the leadership of the army\\nto make it commensurate with the increase of\\nstrength.\\nEre the stop-press insertions in the lightning extras\\nwere printed announcing Buller s defeat, the Cabinet\\nwas in session, orders had been issued for the sixth\\ndivision to start at once, and the remaining reserve\\nwas called up. Five hours after the official despatch\\nwas received, the calls for mobilization were speed-\\ning over the wires, and troops were equipped, pro-\\nvisioned, and embarking ere the week closed.\\nNow the war touched home. Roberts and Kitch-\\nener, popular idols, were to direct, and the great\\ncities, towns, and countryside gave up their youth\\nand manhood for the reserve, militia, and auxiliary\\nforces. The volunteers left the counting-house and\\ncounter to form the selected contingents from the\\nauxiliaries, enrolled only for home defence but rally-\\ning readily for foreign service. The Yeomanry\\n(volunteer cavalry) responded with like alacrity, and\\nthe farm-helps relinquished the plough for the rifle,\\nswelling the militia establishment until every bat-\\ntalion was over strength and besieged with appli-\\ncants. And every London police court was filled with\\ndeserters, many of long standing, surrendering to face\\n266", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0316.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "The Parting\\nthe long averted punishment, only to be with the old\\nregiment on active service.\\nThe regular army, if not at war, is on foreign ser-\\nvice, and the soldiers friends and families are used to\\nparting regulars are paid to fight, they are absent-\\nminded beggars, with whom sentiment is not\\nallowed. But the conservative British public was\\nnow called upon to give up its sons; the honor of the\\ncountry was at stake. War no longer meant paying\\nmen 12 pence per day to do the fighting; it entailed\\ngiving up some near and dear one, a break in the\\nsacred home circle. Yet nobly did the women of\\nEngland answer the call. After all, women rule the\\nworld, for what man went off to fight but through or\\nfor her\\nResponsible political parties were now united, and\\neven dear old Ireland imbibed the enthusiasm, to the\\nchagrin of the New York intransigents. The gal-\\nlantry of her sons at the front stirred their warm\\nhearts, and while frothy spellbinders waved Boer flags\\nand raised counter demonstrations, Ireland forgot past\\nwrongs for the nonce and shared in the pride and fear\\nfor the empire of which she is an integral part, and\\nto which she has contributed so many soldiers.\\nIreland disloyal and for the Boers I can only\\nturn you to the subscription lists as they stood in the\\nwar s infancy. The Irish Times fund for soldiers\\n1 An army sobriquet immortalized, but not originated, by Mr.\\nKipling.\\n267", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0317.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwidows stood at \u00c2\u00a39,307 a few days after opening;\\nLady Roberts appeal to the Irish netted \u00c2\u00a36,038 for\\nsoldiers families, in as short a time; and strenuous\\nendeavor by the Irish Nationalist Transvaal Aid\\nCommittee collected \u00c2\u00a383 from three million national-\\nists in a whole month. Reverse, I hear, increased\\nthe disparity. The war with Spain united North and\\nSouth, and to-day the British empire stands unified\\nas never before.\\nIn the Travellers Club, members were crowding\\nround the ticker as the sparse items from Colenso\\nfiltered in and were read aloud by the nearest mem-\\nbers. Most had some relative or friend at the front,\\nand in their eagerness few noticed the hero of Kan-\\ndahar. A meagre account of Buller s lost guns\\nheroism of the officers the sufferings of Lieutenant\\nRoberts, recommended for the V.C., but gone beyond\\nearthly honors. Then they noticed the quiet, well-\\nknit figure standing in their midst. Bobs aged\\ntwenty years in as many seconds. Every head was\\nbared in an instant, but none could speak. Quietly\\nthe old soldier stood to the bitter end, a tinge of pride\\nilluminating the ashy gray hue of grief as he heard\\nhow his boy had died. Then he gravely saluted, and\\nturned to break the news to the wife and helpmeet\\nof forty-one years of peace and war.\\nA true soldier usually makes a devoted husband\\nthe opinions of those who know not army life not-\\nwithstanding. To the country to which I am proud\\n268", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0318.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "Lord and Lady Roberts\\nof belonging, to the army to which I am so deeply\\nindebted, and to the wife without whose loving help\\nmy forty -one years in India could not be the happy\\nretrospect it is, writes Lord Roberts in the dedica-\\ntion of his greatest work. And from the day that the\\nyoung hero of the Sepoy Mutiny recuperating from\\nhis wounds met Miss Nora Bews of Waterford, the\\nsoldier and his wife have been inseparable. Aligarh,\\nLahore, Bombay, Waterford, and Portsmouth are but\\npoints on the long routes that sing their praise.\\nMy desire to have him near me must never stand\\nin his way, said the young wife to Lord Clyde ere\\nthe honeymoon was over, when Hope Grant had been\\nconsiderately selected for China in Bobs stead.\\nAnd from that day they have shared hardships and\\nperils together, until to-day Lady Roberts and her\\ndaughter are nursing wounded near the firing line,\\nfollowing the general closely to the front. Would\\nthat I had the space to tell more of their life from\\nearly Waterford days to Bloemfontein. The death of\\ntheir first-born at Simla, the care of the soldier for\\nhis stricken wife, camped alone in the wildest coun-\\ntry, the death of their second child on shipboard, the\\nattempted murder of the baby boy by his Hindoo\\nnurse, whom destiny foiled to provide posterity with\\nthe Colenso hero all these are episodes in their\\neventful career. Of Bobs military glory you\\nknow, and he is going far to prove his ability to rank\\nwith the greatest generals of serious wars.\\n269", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0319.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nWith Lord Roberts in command, the conqueror of\\nthe Soudan, with his vast administrative ability, made\\nan ideal chief of staff, and for rank and file no more\\npopular men could have been selected to level old\\nKrewjer and his Paulies, as Tommy dubbed the\\nBoers. Their confidence in Buller was unbounded,\\nbut Kipling has not exaggerated their love for\\nBobs. He is their idol, and they rejoiced exceed-\\ningly when the general, who had landed in 1881 to\\nuphold the British flag, only to find a mistaken mag-\\nnanimity had forestalled him, was selected to under-\\ntake the task that he prophesied would be necessary\\nwhen the halt was called nineteen years before.\\nThe failure to force the Tugela had but whetted\\nthe appetite of the army for fighting and stiffened a\\ndetermination for victory. The combination of races\\nin the regiments and the empire is a happy one. The\\nfiery impetuosity of the Irish, fully restrained by dis-\\ncipline but always available when necessary, the dash\\nof the Scotch combined with their unusual staying\\npowers, the cool patience of the plucky Welsh, and\\nthe stolid perseverance never-be-beat qualities of\\nthe English, make an effective combination.\\nMany of the Boers expected that the British would\\ndesist after Colenso. Chamberlain has had his\\nMajuba, and will now cry for peace, said well\\ninformed leaders to their prisoners of war. General\\nJoubert returned to the front on the 18th to find the\\n270", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0320.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "Christmas Day\\nfighting resolved to affairs of outposts, and the bri-\\ngades withdrawn to Frere. On the 20th a Hussar\\npatrol was ambushed as far south as Weenen, and\\nsurrounded, cutting its way out with loss. The Colo-\\nnials were rapidly on the scene, the Boers retiring on\\ntheir approach, just before dark. Instead of return-\\ning to camp, the Colonials bivouacked, hiding in the\\nkopjes at sunrise. A force of Boers soon returned,\\nmaking an eager race to secure the clothes and\\nequipment of the dead Hussars. While the burghers\\nwere stripping the dead and quarrelling over the\\nspoils, the Colonials swooped down on them, killing\\nand capturing some and dispersing the rest.\\nChristmas day was observed by an informal truce at\\nColenso, but the ringing of the church bells in Lady-\\nsmith, announcing the era of peace on earth and\\ngood- will to man, was the signal for a terrific bom-\\nbardment by the Boers, the Town Hall Hospital, as\\nusual, being the target. The beleaguered garrison\\nhad little cheer for feasting, but the relieving column\\ntried to forget recent losses, and made exceeding merry\\non camp fare.\\nThe naval detachment was first awake, and enliv-\\nened the camp with the Yuletide chorus, God rest\\nye, merrie gentlemen, that made many a soldier pause\\ntwixt sleeping and waking, to prolong the dream of\\npast festivals at home with waits, carols, and the\\nfamily reunion, ere they roused to face the realities\\nof war and the thermometer.\\n271", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0321.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with BuUer\\nMany a home o er the sea had a vacant chair.\\nSome of the absent ones were sleeping beside the\\nTugela the others thought sadly of the home circles\\nmany were destined never again to see. Ah, aching\\nhearts of mothers, wives, and sisters! It is hard\\nconsolation that your dear ones gave their lives in\\nsustaining reverse. Yet those brave young lives were\\nnot uselessly expended and remember that they died\\nbravely, fighting as they retired even as they had\\nfought to advance. Their lives were not in vain,\\nlittle as the battle gained.\\nAnd you, stricken Boer women! They tell us\\nthat your feelings are not deep, that you widows\\nsoon take new husbands, and sweethearts new beaux.\\nBut if you have your failings, can they tell us that\\na mother yearns not for her son, or a wife for her\\nhusband? The finer feelings of life may be blunted\\nby environment, but can that change a woman s\\nheart? May the God you worship sustain you in\\nyour hour of trial. Your loved ones have died\\nfighting for the cause they believed just sacrificed\\nby a misunderstanding fostered and made an open\\nbreach by whited sepulchres among you whom the\\nAlmighty will judge. They have called upon Him\\nrecklessly. Let Him be arbiter but if you find in\\na happier era that your leaders and their aliens have\\nmisled you, think not that their wrongs sully the honor\\nof your humble dead, for they fought for high ideals\\nduty and country and will be held guiltless.\\n272", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0322.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "Christmas Dinner\\nThe gloom of homesickness, which so easily de-\\nvelops into a dangerous nostalgia, was soon dispelled\\nin the camps on Christmas day. A military tourna-\\nment for all arms was arranged by the officers, and of\\ncourse Jack had a mule race, though why the two\\nenjoy an incongruous affinity no one can tell. The\\nsailors discipline was the more relaxed, and they\\nrigged an international procession for the edification\\nof Tommy, in which Kruger, John Bull, and\\nRule Britannia were to the fore.\\nThen came the Christmas dinner. The tons of\\nsupplies despatched by absent friends had not arrived,\\nbut the officers arranged for beer for their men, extras\\nfrom the commissariat were lavishly issued, some fine\\nfat oxen were captured from the Boers, and the\\nveteran correspondent, Bennet Burleigh, carted up\\ncake, tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes ad lib., and\\narranged a camp fire for all hands, the day being\\nclosed with topical songs, chiefly referring to good\\nthings in store for Uncle Paul, When next we\\ntravel to the Cape, by gum! we 11 go via Cairo\\nmaking a great hit.\\nThen ensued days of quiet. Picket firing and\\nskirmishes on the flanks closed up the old year, I\\nwas tempted to say the century, but t is a disputed\\npoint. The Boers announced 1900 to Ladysmith\\nwith a terrific bombardment, to celebrate Hogmanay\\nand the anniversary of that hour, four years before,\\nwhen Dr. Jameson marred the peace of South Africa.\\n18 273", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0323.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nReinforcements were coming to Buller. General\\nWarren, the Free State s friend, whom past experi-\\nence in the country made a useful ally, brought a\\ndivision. Howitzers made their tardy appearance,\\nand field batteries replaced the lost guns and strength-\\nened the arm. The Boers felt round the flanks at\\nFrere and were thrice punished for their temerity.\\nThen an unexpected flood of the Tugela isolated all\\non the south bank, and many were rounded up. The\\nforce at Hlangwane should then have been rapidly\\nattacked. The bridge they had rigged was swept\\naway, and a Roosevelt would have clipped in, and\\nperhaps succeeded in inflicting a salutary lesson.\\nBut elaborate operations were planned, and the river\\nfell before execution.\\nBotha continued to strengthen his position, laying\\na light tramway, so that his guns could be rapidly\\nconcentrated at desired points, and constructing bomb-\\njjroof alleys leading from trenches, in which a horse-\\nman could ride in perfect safety. At Ladysmith the\\nBoers were forming a colossal dam across the Klip,\\nthat it might overflow and flood Ladysmith. They\\nperhaps overlooked the fact that such a flood would\\nhave swept away the sick and neutral camp at\\nIntombi. Such a course would have outrivalled\\nMacMahon s plan to burn out the Prussian skirmish-\\ners and sharpshooters from the woods at Weissenburg.\\nNapoleon then refused permission, on humanitarian\\ngrounds, and lost hundreds of men thereby; and it is\\n274", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0324.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "Arrival of Blacks in Camp\\na pity that Joubert, who gained universal esteem of\\nfriend and foe, lent himself to this plan which he at\\nfirst opposed. Fortunately the dam was built slowly\\nthe impressed Kaffirs constantly deserting from Boer\\nlashes to the English lines, where they had free\\nrations and were unmolested, and Ladysmith was\\nrelieved just before its completion.\\nHundreds of blacks who escaped from the enemy\\narrived in camp with their backs wealed to the bone\\nby sjamhoJcs. The unfortunate Natal natives were\\nforbidden by the government to take up arms in their\\nown defence, and then found their mealies and cattle\\nlooted by the invaders, and themselves impressed to\\nlabor day and night while their unfortunate wives and\\nchildren starved. There is a terrible story also of\\nviolation of their girls but mercenaries and dissolute\\nyoung burghers were to blame for this, and it should\\nnot be laid to the Boers, though their exegesis al-\\nlowed such things. I have heard the charge of official\\ncruelty by the British to the blacks. But I have seen\\nmuch of British administration of black and brown\\nmen, from chicken-hearted rice-eaters to West Afri-\\ncan cannibals. The uncivilized black should not be\\ntreated like a pampered child, but I have always\\nfound that the British government errs in that direc-\\ntion and white men who treat a native severely find\\nto their cost that all are equal under the law, and an\\nunlawful killing means a lawful hanging, eye for\\neye, tooth for tooth.\\n275", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0325.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nThe natural elation of the Boers over their stupen-\\ndous victories led them to formulate plans for peace,\\nwhich revealed their colossal ignorance of British\\nspirit and resource. The cession of Natal and Kim-\\nherley and an indemnity of $100,000,000 did not seem\\npreposterous terms after three reverses and the fall of\\nMafeking and Ladysmith, which was now assured.\\nThe peace conditions were prepared and only waited\\nfor the final acts in the British tragedy. To expedite\\nthese, the bulk of the forces were withdrawn from\\nColenso, where the flooded river held Buller, and\\nconcentrated to storm Ladysmith. Matt Steyn, the\\nPresident s brother, and several Free Staters, de-\\nclared, however, that it needed a Colenso to rouse\\nthe British, and Ladysmith s fall would only start the\\nwar; and while the Trans vaalers were predicting\\nspeedy triumph, he and a number of his compatriots\\ndemanded leave to tend their crops and thus prolong\\nsupplies. Thirty of them deserted to the British\\nlines.\\nIn a driving rain at two a.m., January 6th, four\\ncolumns of Boers crept up against the Ladysmith\\ndefences. White s garrison was decimated with\\nfever, and since they had to hold a perimeter of over\\nthirteen miles, outposts could not be strongly sus-\\ntained at any one point. The enemy had quickly\\ndetected the weak spot in the encircling defences.\\nCaesar s camp, a broad plateau 800 feet above Lady-\\nsmith, guarded the south side of the town. This\\n276", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0326.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "Boers Crawl up Wagon Hill\\neminence had proved easy to defend, but on its\\nwestern end it merged after a depression into a lower\\nposition, Wagon Hill, the connecting nek and dry\\nwater-courses making possible breaches in the British\\nline.\\nThe Boers first waded up Fourier s Spruit, and\\ndividing in two parties started to crawl up each\\nside of Wagon Hill. The outlying pickets, composed\\nof Colonials, challenged the Boers, but receiving\\nthe reply Town Guard in perfect English, they\\nallowed them to advance close, and were knocked\\ndown with clubbed rifles and killed ere they could\\ngive the alarm. Lieutenant Mathias of the Light\\nHorse, walking down to visit his guards, suddenly\\nfound himself among the enemy, but he coolly turned\\nand crept upward with them, unnoticed, springing in\\nthe lead on the summit and giving the alarm.\\nShouting to the guards to turn out, he sprang to the\\nhead of his detachment. He was joined by a working\\nparty of sappers that were fortunately constructing a\\ngun pit in the darkness, to strengthen the very point\\nof assault. But this little party was assailed on both\\nflanks and swept back over the ridge.\\nThe Heidelberg commando under Van Wyk and\\nthe Harrismith Free Staters under De Villiers formed\\nthis forlorn hope which had penetrated the British\\nlines. The main force was to hurl itself into the\\nbreach at dawn. But the pickets resisted the Free\\nStaters assault stoutly the expelled outposts rallied,\\n277", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0327.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nand the enemy found their advance along the nek\\nto take Caesar s camp in flank was stoutly opposed by\\nless than thirty men. Young MacNaghten of the\\nScots led this sorry handful to the crest, where a\\nsquadron of Light Horse was surrounded in a sangar,\\nand only shared in their annihilation, the Boers tem-\\nporarily obtaining Wagon Hill. It was soon evident\\nthat the assault was more than an affair of outposts,\\nand reinforcements were hurried out ere the sun rose.\\nThe Boers then retired to the cover of the outer\\ncrest, and reversed the use of the empty sangars. The\\nBritish clung to the inner crest, sheltered by boul-\\nders and depressions. A space of twenty-five yards\\ndivided the two forces. The Light Horse clung to a\\nrocky position rising on the nek, and poured in a cross\\nfire; but they suffered very severely and changed\\ncommanding ofiicers seven times during the day.\\nTheir officers were practically wiped out. Lord Ava\\ngalloped along the line to find a point from which the\\nspruit could be covered, along which Boer reinforce-\\nments were pouring. He was instantly killed. The\\nburghers then attempted to rush round the flank, but\\nthey were met by seven troopers, who were shot to\\npieces but held on long enough for reinforcements to\\narrive, and did not vainly sacrifice themselves.\\nThrice detachments tried to sweep across the open\\nto sustain the hardly-pressed Light Horse for with\\nBoers in their position the entire hill would be enfil-\\naded and untenable. Major Mackworth, then Cap-\\n278", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0328.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "^1\\nO C)", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0329.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0330.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "Boers Driven Back\\ntain Codrington, and finally Lieutenant Todd, led\\nthese rushes, and in each case the officers were killed\\nwith most of their men.\\nA mile away on the other flank the Heidelberg\\ncommando had surprised Hunt-Grubbe and the outly-\\ning pickets, wiping out the outposts resting in the\\nfirst line of defences. But on a narrow portion of the\\nridge sixteen of the Manchester regiment, without an\\nofficer, clung to a narrow trench and fought to the\\nend. Boers crawled up on either side of this isolated\\nforce and poured in volleys the entire day, shouting\\nat intervals to the survivors to surrender. A con-\\ntinual but diminishing fire was their answer, and after\\nfifteen long hours continuous resistance relief came\\nand the Boers were driven back. As the Devons\\nwith fixed bayonets cleared the enemy from the hill\\nat sunset, they heard the regular cracking of two Lee\\nMetfords easily discernible from the Mausers. In\\nthe trench where the picket had been surrounded\\nfourteen lay dead, some killed after many wounds.\\nAnd of the two survivors, one sorely wounded loaded\\nthe rifles as he lay on the ground, handing them to\\nthe other as he fired in quick succession. The latter\\npowder-grimed hero coolly saluted, reported his\\npicket to the relieving officer, and fell senseless from\\nexhaustion.\\nReinforcements were urgently needed at both places\\nearly in the day, but at 9 a.m. commandoes were\\nseen hovering on the Helpmaaker road and before\\n279", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0331.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nObservation Hill, and their diversion prevented con-\\ncentration at the assailed points.\\nBy 10, however, the Boer fire had dwindled, and\\nthe burghers fell back to cover in the bush and behind\\nrocks. Every inch of the assailed positions was then\\nsearched by a terrific shell fire, against which the\\nBritish field batteries could not reply until they were\\nadvanced into the open, where they put in splendid\\npractice.\\nBeyond Intombi, at midday, swarms of horsemen\\nappeared in full view, riding fearlessly in the open,\\nfor their advance was screened by the women in the\\nneutral camp, and the hospital tents upon which the\\nBritish could not fire. Leisurely dismounting, they\\ndisappeared like rabbits among the rocks, and began to\\nstalk their way in, the movement of the mimosa, or a\\nglimpse of a ragged coat scuttling behind a boulder,\\nbeing the only indications of their advance in Zulu\\ntactics.\\nTaking what cover they could, the soldiers fired\\nwhen they saw a head, and were shot when they\\nexposed themselves above the ridge. Then suddenly\\nfrom a tiny watercourse hidden by rocks, some one\\ndescried a force of the enemy creeping close to the\\nsummit. As the alarm was given, De Villiers and\\na picked force of desperate burghers leaped into a gun\\npit and swarmed over the ridge, firing as they ad-\\nvanced, the tired troops falling back rapidly. Many\\nwere trying to lunch under fire when surprised, and\\n280", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0332.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "Run, Brothers!\\nthe confusion amounted to panic. But as the troops\\nbroke and retired, Major Wallnutt rallied a few men\\nand held to the crest. De Villiers blew the Major s\\nbrains out with his own hand, his men were swept\\naway, and the victorious Boers were rushing forward,\\nwhen Lieutenant Digby Jones and six sappers sprang\\nfrom the gun pit and resumed the fight. De Villiers\\nkilled Jones and fell mortally wounded himself; the\\nsappers clung to the rocks and kept the Boers at bay\\nuntil reinforcements came, and the ridge was saved,\\nLieutenant Dennis, Jones mess chum, being killed as\\nhe bent over the body of his friend.\\nA burgher now appeared walking slowly to the\\nridge with a white flag. The firing ceased, the men\\nkeeping well to cover to avoid treachery. But the\\nLight Horse on their eminence could see the trick,\\nfor as he advanced a line of burghers squirmed like\\nsnakes through the brush on the hillside and would\\nhave swept over the crest but for this timely discov-\\nery. The truce bearer, shouting, Run, brothers\\ndropped his flag and fled, and heavy volleys drove the\\ntreacherous foe to their lines. Later two wounded\\nprisoners of war were brought forward and deliber-\\nately placed as a screen by three Boers, who stood up\\nand shot at leisure. A Light Horse sharpshooter\\ncrawled forward and disposed of two of them; but\\nthe third was more difficult, and shots from other\\nquarters, ere they brought down their man, riddled\\nthe wounded, killing one, though the other was res-\\n281", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0333.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ncued alive with six bullets, British and Boer, in him.\\nThough paralyzed, he stands a chance of recovery.\\nThe Devons now arrived on the scene, after a long\\nmarch from a distant outpost. Fixing bayonets, they\\nswept through the battered lines of defenders and\\ncleared the Boers from the side of Caesar s camp,\\nlosing very heavily, however. The Gordons also\\nadvanced on the eastern slope, having lost their\\nleader, Colonel Dick-Cunyngham, V.C., early in the\\nday and being eager for revenge. Thus again the\\ndefences were cleared.\\nBut the enemy swarmed among the rocks and\\nwoods at the foot of the position, and shot off those\\nwho showed themselves on the crest. A frightful\\nthunderstorm burst in the late afternoon, and the\\nlashing rain proved the cover for the last Boer ad-\\nvance. Water courses and rocks were not needed\\nnow. It was nearly dark, the rain masked their\\nadvance to close quarters, when they swarmed in\\nhundreds over the hill, yelling Majuba\\nNever made they greater mistake than to thus at-\\ntack in the open. Troops who are wary to charge in\\nface of the potting of a lurking foe are brave as lions\\nwhen facing a disclosed enemy. With a hoarse cry\\nand fixed bayonets the British dashed forward. In\\ndistinct crashes were the magazines emptied then\\nthey plunged in with cold steel. The burghers, cry-\\ning for mercy, retreated like a stampeded herd.\\nThe spruits lay before them, but the storm had\\n282", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0334.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "British Charge with Fixed Bayonets\\nswelled streamlets into turbid floods. Before the\\nrushing line of steel they were forced into the seeth-\\ning waters, many being swept away. Those who\\ngained a crossing were pursued with rifle fire back to\\ntheir hills, the field batteries harrying them when\\ninfantry were outranged. The diversions against\\nthe northern positions and Helpmaaker road tried\\nto press in but were rapidly repulsed.\\nSeldom has modern history recorded a more pro-\\nlonged or desperate duel between two bodies of reso-\\nlute men. Boer gallantry was never more evinced\\nthan on this day, though they outnumbered the Brit-\\nish and one can only regret the universal treachery\\nthey exhibited and which is beneath such brave\\nmen. The British loss was 43 ofiScers and 320 men;\\nthe Boer loss, for once in the war, was the heavier,\\nand 132 bodies were collected on the hills alone. Of\\nthe engaged regiments the casualties of the Imperial\\nLight Horse were four-fifths of their entire strength,\\n98 men answering roll-call that night. It has been\\nstated that the Uitlanders were scheming cowards,\\nunwilling to strike a blow for their own redemption.\\nThe incessant gallantry of this Uitlander corps,\\nthroughout the war on their behalf, belies the cal-\\numny; they were fighting for their liberty, homes,\\nand property in the country of their adoption.\\nThoroughly disheartened, the Boers returned to\\ntheir positions along the Tugela and resumed the in-\\nvestment of Ladysmith. White, during a brief spell\\n283", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0335.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nof sunshine, had managed to heliograph Buller that\\nhe was hard pressed. The mounted troops and\\nadvanced infantry brigades at once made a demon-\\nstration at Colenso to relieve the pressure. But for\\nthe Tugela flood a successful assault might then have\\nbeen delivered, as many guns and the bulk of the\\nforces had been taken to Ladysmith. The guards\\nleft in the positions were lounging in clear view,\\nand were severely mauled by the field batteries ere\\nthey could get to cover. Gallopers were then de-\\nspatched to recall the absent forces, but they were\\ntoo engrossed in assaulting the city, and it was an\\nunfortunate combination of circumstances that Bul-\\nler was not prepared with pontoons to force a\\npassage.\\nJoubert now reoccupied his position on the Tugela\\nin full force and strengthened the defences at ever}\\npoint. Along twenty-one miles of natural fortifica-\\ntions the Boer front extended. A kopje is prac-\\ntically a vast stone heap the boulders have only to\\nbe piled up as required, and it is a jagged fortress\\nthe mountainous kops are Titanic editions of the\\nsame. Burghers and impressed natives slaved night\\nand day, building gun pits and epaulments with\\nprodigious bombproofs, which negatived the possi-\\nbility of effective bombardment.\\nFor the defences of the Boers, imagine green and\\niron-brown eminences covered very thickly with mas-\\nsive rocks. A hollow scraped behind a convenient\\n284", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0336.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "Defences of the Boers\\nstone, three smaller rocks piled above, and the\\nburgher has prepared his individual castle. The\\nbig rock shields his body, the smaller rocks an\\ninterstice between two, through which a rifle can\\nrest, with a third placed above to complete the loop-\\nhole, protect his head. Even at close range there\\nis little to detect these shelters from the thousand\\nsurrounding boulders; the thin vapor of smokeless\\npowder is hidden by the sun haze. Visible trenches\\nare then thrown up to attract the enemy s fire to\\nunoccupied ridges tents are placed on prominent but\\nsafe places to draw shell fire.\\nOf the thousands of bullets that ricochet harmlessly\\nagainst the rocks, units find a billet. To render\\nthese shelters shell-proof, boulders are piled around\\nwith apparent carelessness, to form a rough enclosure\\nand shrapnel are useless, and common shell must burst\\nwith a rare nicety or waste their force on the hillside.\\nGun pits are sunk on the reverse of the ridges and\\na chamber dug forward to within eight feet of the\\nfrontal ascent. Through this protecting wall of earth\\nonly a necessary embrasure is cut to the front of the\\nridge, so that the gun is worked in practically an\\nunderground chamber, served in absolute protection,\\nand exposed only to a minimum of danger during the\\ninterval of discharge. Against such defences the\\nBritish have had to advance across an open valley,\\nexposed to the last to a fire before which troops\\ncannot live.\\n285", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0337.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nI have frequently scanned South African kopjes\\nsignalled as occupied by some wary scout, and\\nwith strong glasses it has been impossible to detect a\\nsign of life or defence the hill looked like its neigh-\\nbor which we had just passed. Reconnaissance may\\nfail to detect or locate the enemy, advance guards\\npass unmolested, and suddenly the advancing regi-\\nment is greeted by a thousand rifles bursting from\\napparently nowhere. Besides an abundance of such\\npositions beyond the Tugela, the heights and ridges\\nwere systematically intrenched, covered or protected\\npassages were cut from the rear at all exposed points,\\nsome trenches were blasted in solid rock, and a\\nmore formidable position can scarcely be found in\\nhistory.\\n286", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0338.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X\\nA Question op Supply. Traits of the American Offi-\\ncer. Automobile Transport. Dundonald s Dash\\nTO Springfield. Crossing the Tugela. Boer Brav-\\nery. Disaster of Spion Kop. Vaal Krantz.\\nNapoleon once said that no army marched with\\nas much baggage as the British. This is true, and in\\npart creditable for it may be attributed to the rigid\\ndesire to respect private property, and neither live on\\nthe land by commandeering local foodstuffs nor shel-\\nter or billet troops on the inhabitants, and to the care\\nbestowed on the creature comforts of the army to\\npreserve its health and sustain sick and wounded.\\nThere are wars that could be named where personal\\nluxuries of the officers crowded out necessities for the\\nmen, and transportation of champagne and wine for\\nthe mess was provided when transport for soldiers\\nrations was meagre.\\nI have seen nothing more touching than the care\\nbestowed by American officers on their men, when\\nthey themselves lacked common essentials. I have\\nalways found that if the men were suffering priva-\\ntions, the officers were certainly suffering greater\\nones. I stayed in several camps in Cuba, and in\\n287", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0339.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nTampa also, where the officers apologized for provid-\\ning water for meals. The men had secured an allow-\\nance of coffee, but we did not wish to sponge on\\ntheir ration. I have stayed in camps of many\\nnationalities. I think I may safely say that the com-\\npeer of the American officer in relation to his men\\ndoes not exist. I have seen him die, I have seen\\nBritish officers die, and many others. None die as\\ndo the sons of the two great liberty-loving countries,\\nand in bravery they are equals. But in his consider-\\nation of his men, the American takes highest rank.\\nA certain foreign attach^ told me that the American\\nofficer had the foulest mouth in the universe. He\\nhad seen much of a certain general who is the excep-\\ntion that proves the opposite rule. No officer uses\\nmore temperate language, or has more inherent tact\\nto extract a willing obedience.\\nIt was a relief to me after some previous experi-\\nence with the British officer in the field, to note that\\nthe South African campaign developed similar traits.\\nOfficers who proved so fearless and men who were\\nbrave to a fault naturally engendered a mutual re-\\nspect, and it was refreshing to note the altered rela-\\ntion after a few weeks campaigning, and to find how\\nmuch the officers suffered with their men, when face\\nto face with death and impending disaster and a foe\\nthat needed much beating.\\nWhen Buller decided to try a way round Colenso,\\nhe forbade unnecessary baggage; tents and person-\\n288", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0340.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "q", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0341.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0342.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "Dangers to Animals on the Veldt\\nalities were barred in the preparations made to\\ndivert the line of communications from the railroad\\nacross an indifferent country. But though every\\nounce was essential, ammunition, rations, and hospi-\\ntal supplies for 30, 000 men made an imposing train.\\nWith the advance divisions alone were 232 ox-\\nwagons, 98 ten-span, 107 six-span, and 52 four-span\\nmule-wagons, beside artillery and traction draught.\\nOxen prove satisfactory for transport in South Africa,\\nand can readily be turned to food in emergency, but\\nthey are limited to two miles an hour over an ordi-\\nnary track, and if overdriven they speedily become\\ngalled, footsore, and useless. In rain storms at night\\nthey require a measure of protection, or pneumonia\\nwill carry them off in scores and unless pasture is\\ncarefully selected, red water or tulip poison will\\ndecimate the teams.\\nThe horse and the mule, though capable of greater\\neffort, must carry a considerable proportion of their\\nown forage. Native animals can live on the veldt,\\nbut the British were forced to import their cattle and\\nwere at great disadvantage, where the Boers have no\\nfear. The animals are also very susceptible to horse-\\nsickness, the dreaded paarde ziehte, which annually\\nmakes its appearance throughout southern and\\ncentral Africa. This plague develops suddenly, and\\neither attacks the respiratory organs like a severe\\nform of hay fever, developing into a cough, the head\\nswelling rapidly until the animal dies after eight\\n19 289", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0343.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nhours agony, or appears in the digestive organs,\\nwhen internal fever develops, which proves fatal\\nwithin twenty-four hours. The disease is evidently\\na species of malaria, which is contracted by inhala-\\ntion of the miasma or assimilation of the poison,\\nprobably in the dew, partaken when grazing.\\nFor animals exposed on the veldt there seems\\nneither prevention nor cure. Experts expected that\\nthree-fourths of the British horses would contract the\\ndisease the rate of mortality being 88 per cent.\\nBut the worst season has now passed, with the light-\\nest epidemic in fifteen years. In case of recovery,\\nthe South Africans procure a certificate, and the\\nsalted horse is worth three times his old value.\\nGeneral Buller anticipated the risk of transport\\nby importing military traction engines, famed on the\\nLong Valley, where they have astonished all be-\\nholders during the manoeuvres of recent years. Ani-\\nmal traction is expensive, slow, cumbersome, and\\ntroublesome, and it is a painful tribute to circum-\\nlocution methods of the British War Office that\\nthe question of mechanical traction has so long been\\nshelved. The Indian government experimented with\\nspecially built road engines just before the Afghan\\nwar of 1879. Through the whole campaign they\\nproved their extreme usefulness but when they were\\nworn out they were not replaced, and the British War\\nOffice made no great progress in the matter of steam\\ntraction. The Foreign Office has found the engines\\n290", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0344.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "Advantages of the Iron Horse\\nof immense service beyond railliead in the construc-\\ntion of the Uganda Railroad, and home service should\\nhave demonstrated their utility for South Africa\\nwithout waiting to experiment, before finally ship-\\nping a regular supply.\\nThe advantages of the iron horse are many. In\\nspeed it can sustain eight miles per hour on a\\ntolerable road, and travel night and day with no\\ngreat delay. An engine requires less care than a\\nsingle span of mules, and it will do the work of 100\\nmules or 160 oxen. On arrival in camp, where\\nanimals must be groomed, rested, and fed, with light\\nlabor the engine works a dynamo, pump, or freezer,\\nthus supplying the camp with electricity, water, and\\nice, if necessary. Coal for one engine is a small\\nmatter compared with fodder for 90 to 120 draught\\nanimals, and during halts, while the engine is rest-\\ning, the beasts continue to need forage.\\nIn bogs or on difficult ground, where animals\\nwould flounder hopelessly, the engine drops its load,\\ncrosses alone, and then draws the wagons over\\nwith a cable and drum. If the engine sticks or the\\nground is steep, anchors are fixed ahead with cables\\nattached, and the road locomotive draws itself\\nclear.\\nIts greatest advantage is the tremendous shortening\\nof transport trains. Major Crompton, Consulting\\nTraction Engineer to Lord Roberts, computes that\\n100 tons load, to be transported fifty miles in South\\n291", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0345.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nAfrica, with fodder or fuel for the return journey\\nempty, would require\\nLength\\nTime. of column.\\n169 Ox-wagons (2,360 oxen) 127 tons fodder 6 days 5,910 yards\\n14 Engines 14 tons fuel 4 days 410 yards\\nA much less number of men are required either to\\ndrive or guard, and the risks of capture in the latter\\nare reduced to a minimum, especially if the engines\\nare protected by bullet-proof plates, whereas in a\\nnarrow road a single bullet may kill an ox and delay\\nthe whole train until captured.\\nBut the present military engine is too heavy for\\npractical purposes at all times, especially where pon-\\ntoons have to be crossed or roads are bad. Since\\nmacadam is not found everywhere, it should be largely\\nsupplemented by lighter traction. Two light engines\\nor automobiles that can each carry and haul three\\ntons under all conditions are obviously better than\\none that can transport seven tons with limitations.\\nMessrs. Thorneycroft have constructed an automobile\\ntransport wagon which will carry a gun or a three-ton\\nload two hundred miles in twenty-four hours, and it\\nwill also drag a trailer of two tons at a slightly\\ndecreased speed. Who could limit or estimate the\\npossibilities of war with such a transport train\\nBy night and by day the mounted troops had\\nscouted and patrolled before Colenso, pending fresh\\noperations. Officers with tiny escorts risked death a\\n292", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0346.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "Preparations Made for an Advance\\nhundred times to sketch the Boer positions, and the\\nColonials marched, counter-marched, and demon-\\nstrated, misleading the enemy or attempting to do so.\\nOn the chess-board of Natal the skilled players,\\nBuUer and Joubert, anticipated each move of the\\nother. A feint in force against the Boer right led\\nJoubert to strengthen his left, and vice versa. For a\\ntime the Boers were in ignorance of British inten-\\ntions, thanks to the provost marshal, who sent dis-\\nloyalists to cool their heels in Maritzburg, despite the\\npaternal solicitude for these gentry urged by the\\ngovernment.\\nClosely guarded reconnaissance on the extreme\\nright, covered adroitly by bombardment at Colenso,\\nand the general report that Clery would advance via\\nWeenen were anticipated by Joubert in the opposite\\ndirection; the Johannesburg commando under Viljoen\\nand a force of Free Staters were sent to occupy\\nSpringfield. And when the need for concealment\\nseemed less, and more open preparations for an ad-\\nvance by this western route were made, the Boer\\ngeneral detected a second ruse, and withdrew Viljoen,\\nsending part of his force east. This, of course, facil-\\nitated the main advance. But marvellous shelter\\nand commandeered forage enabled the burghers to\\nkeep their horses practically in the trenches and with\\ntheir marvellous mobility and British immobility,\\nno permanent advantage could accrue from their\\nfallacious reasoning.\\n293", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0347.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nAfter continuous rain, which again swelled the\\nTugela and in part shut the Boers from the southern\\nbank, on January 10th Buller gave his first orders for\\na definite move, and moved quickly. On the previous\\nnight a dummy battery was rigged to replace the\\nlyddite guns, supply columns with rations for a\\nworking week, paraded, and as the earliest dawn was\\nbreaking, the brigades were ordered to move west on\\nSpringfield. To the last moment conjecture was rife\\nas to destination, and since popular sentiment favored\\nan advance to the eastward, for once a movement was\\nstarted without the Boers receiving warning in time\\nfor anticipation, their excessive cunning foiling them.\\nDundonald, with the scouts and Colonials, was\\nfirst off. These irregulars, the Uhlans of the col-\\numn, pressed forward in a forced march to Spring-\\nfield, surprising the small Boer guard, and seized the\\niron bridge crossing the Little Tugela. Sending back\\nmen to announce that the objective was unoccupied,\\nand leaving a guard on the bridge, the Earl pressed\\nforward to the Tugela proper, taking the 78th Battery\\nin lieu of horse artillery.\\nPotgieter s Drift, by which Buller hoped to force\\nthe Tugela, lies 22 miles west of Frere. The cross-\\ning had caused serious apprehension to the staff.\\nAmong broken ground the river forms an S at this\\npoint, the fords being dominated by Swartz Kop, on\\nthe south bank, strongly intrenched, with the impreg-\\nnable ridges of Brakfontein running east and west\\n294", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0348.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0349.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0350.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "Plucky Volunteers\\non the north bank, along which the main Boer line\\nextended.\\nDundonald marched all night toward Swartz Kop,\\nhoping to surprise it, and hold on until the main\\ncolumn arrived to sustain his effort. His initiative\\nwas dangerous, and his dash with the Colonials\\nreminds one of the exploits of the English irregular\\nWinslow and his troop of Baden cavalry at Lauter-\\nburg. But as his vedettes rode cautiously forward,\\nno enemy developed, and he found the position\\nunoccupied.\\nTrusting to the surprised outpost at Springfield,\\nViljoen had withdrawn his force to the east, leaving\\na small guard on the north side of the drift. Keep-\\ning his men under cover, Dundonald led a picked\\nforce down to the ford, where the cable ferry-boat\\nhad been hauled high into the slip on the far side.\\nThe horses of the outpost were grazing on the bank,\\nbut the vigilants were sleeping quietly at their post.\\nLieutenant Carlisle at once volunteered to swim the\\nriver and cut out the ferry-boat under their noses.\\nTurner, Cox, Barkley, Howell, CoUingwood, and\\nGodden, all of G Company of the newly-fledged\\nSouth African Light Horse, one of them an Ameri-\\ncan, were selected from the entire company that\\nstepped forward when volunteers were asked for.\\nThis little party swam across the broad and turbid\\nriver and dragged the boat into the water. As they\\ncommenced to work it across, the tackle fouled, a\\n295", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0351.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ndog on the bank commenced to bark, and a volley\\nfrom the bank told the volunteers that they were\\ndiscovered.\\nCarlisle was wounded, and his assistants sprang into\\nthe water with him and commenced to swim back.\\nCox, however, with amazing gallantry, returned to\\nshore on the far side of the pontoon, and squirming\\nup the bank, severed the tackle with his jack-knife.\\nThe enemy were so engrossed in firing at the escaping\\nmen that they saw nothing of his action, until he\\nturned and dived back into the water, and the freed\\nfloat began to move slowly across, hauled by the men\\non the opposite bank. They then rushed down to\\nshoot him, but were checked by steady volleys\\nfrom the other side and by clinging to the lee side\\nof the pontoon, Cox escaped their fire and safely\\nrejoined his cheering comrades.\\nThe main column had left camp shortly after the\\nColonials. To their inexpressible regret, Barton s\\nbrigade was left at Chieveley to guard railhead and\\nkeep the Boers occupied in the centre. And well\\nthey performed their thankless task. They also\\nserve who only stand and wait.\\nIn the advance Hart s Irish were in the van, Hild-\\nyard s brigade wheeling in behind them from Chieve-\\nley. Behind this division under Clery came Warren s\\ndivision, consisting of Lyttleton s brigade of Rifles\\nand Woodgate s newly arrived brigade of Lancashires.\\nCoke s brigade formed a command with the corps\\n296", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0352.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0353.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0354.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "Rapid Advance on Springfield\\ntroops, thus making practically five independent com-\\nmands, with the field force, under Clery, Warren,\\nCoke, Barton, and Dundonald respectively. The\\nartillery had been considerably strengthened by the\\nhowitzers and additional field batteries, but did not\\nreach the full ratio for the augmented force.\\nThe rapid advance would have been impossible but\\nfor the traction engines. The tracks, misnamed\\nroads, were quagmires, dongas were filled and drifts\\nflooded, and at several points mules and oxen died\\nof vain exertion in trying to haul the 650 wagons\\nacross. The traction engines made a new reputation.\\nSliding down the steep banks of the fords, ploughing\\ntheir way through torrents before which draught\\nanimals could not stand, they effectively solved trans-\\nport difficulties. Their weight and broad, flanged\\nwheels pounded down the mud, the flanges gripping\\nhardened soil, and at every difficult spot one of these\\npuffing Billies was dropped to haul over strings of\\nwagons by steel cables, the oxen and mules crossing\\nunimpeded, and the troops passing streams dry shod\\nby a span of wagons stalled in mid stream until all\\nwere over. By nightfall Clery had bivouacked near\\nSpringfield, Warren had pressed on into the town to\\ntake up a position on the right, Hildyard camping\\nat Pretorius farm, within easy reach of Deel Drift\\nand the fords at Tugela junction.\\nWith the first gleams of morning sun a heliograph\\non Swartz Kop blinked the welcome news that Dun-\\n297", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0355.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ndonald held the ferry. It was a complete surprise.\\nIn less than twenty-four hours the army had been\\njumped far to the westward. All divisions were on\\nthe Tugela when the crestfallen picket rode to the\\nHoofdlaager and apprised Joubert and Meyer that\\nthe British had captured the ferry and were crossing\\nthe river. Botha was not then in command, having\\nsecured leave of absence a day previously.\\nWarren took his division westward against the\\nextreme Boer right. In the centre the naval guns\\nand howitzers were mounted on Swartz Kop and an\\nadjoining crest, Hildyard moved off the road and\\nheld the drifts at the Tugela junction, and the\\ncavalry pressed on to A cton Homes on the extreme\\nnorthwest. Buller established his headquarters at\\nSpearman s Farm, and on Saturday his right and\\ncentre were only awaiting the development of\\nWarren s flanking movement ere they attacked.\\nRapidly connected by telegraph, Barton then made\\na feint at Colenso, keeping the Boers occupied an-\\nother day; and it was late on the 15th before they\\nmade a decided movement toward the ridges before\\nBuller. Howitzers and naval guns greeted the\\nburghers from a commanding position, which enabled\\nthem to search the Boer trenches and cover both\\ncentre and flank attacks.\\nOn Tuesday, January 16th, Warren was before his\\nobjective, and Buller ordered a general advance.\\nLyttleton s brigade was first across in the centre.\\n298", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0356.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "General Advance\\nThe Rifles, crossing the flooded drift at Potgieter s by\\na continuous chain, formed along the bank in skir-\\nmishing order, sweeping the Boer outposts and ad-\\nvance guard back to the main position. They also\\nkept down a vicious fire from the flanks until a pon-\\ntoon ferry was fixed and the howitzer and field bat-\\nteries sent over.\\nSeven miles further west Sir Charles Warren threw\\nhis division over the Tugela, at Trigaardt s Drift, the\\nEngineers erecting a pontoon under a heavy fire. He\\nbivouacked at night toward the flank of the main Boer\\nline, which extended southeast to Potgieter s along a\\nseries of ridges dominated by a great bastion, Spion\\nKop, on which the Boer right ostensibly rested\\nthough their flanks were in the air, and they rapidly\\nextended west along ridges through Acton Homes\\ninto the spurs of the Drakensberg, beacons being lit\\nfor reinforcements.\\nExcessive caution seemed to have seized the British\\ngenerals. Unwilling to repeat Colenso tactics, they\\nclung to the outer works of the enemy while the artil-\\nlery made a thorough preparation for assault, in which\\nthe kopjes suffered severely, the Boers resting securely\\nin their bombproofs, or in rear of the ridges, awaiting\\ndevelopments. Under ordinary conditions all this\\nwas regular, but since the enemy was not in force, it\\nafforded them time to bring down reinforcements\\nwith their guns, which they mounted at night, and\\nprepare for defence. If the assault had been quickly\\n299", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0357.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\npressed it would have stood greater chances of\\nsuccess.\\nBut BuUer s idea was to engage the enemy along\\nthe front while Warren s division forced its way by a\\ndetour through Acton Homes, passing round the Boer\\nright and striking across the more open country to\\nthe hills surrounding Ladysmith. For this purpose\\nhe delayed until he had seventeen days rations in\\nreserve to send to Warren. With a division in their\\nrear, the Boers would be forced to withdraw at least\\nfrom the right half of their line before the Tugela,\\nand Clery could throw his division forward, thus co-\\noperating with Warren in raising the siege.\\nBut while the troops in the centre had established\\nthemselves in positions that would keep the line of\\ncommunications clear to the westward, Warren, who\\nwas allowed great initiative, found it would be im-\\npossible to extend a line of communications round the\\nextreme flank. He sent the following despatch for\\nthe commander-in-chief:\\nLeft Flank, 19th January.\\nTo THE Chief or the Staff, I find there are\\nonly two roads by which we could possibly get from\\nTrichardt s Drift to Potgieter s, on the north of the\\nTugela; one by Acton Homes, the other by Fair View and\\nRosalie. The first I reject as too long the second is a very\\ndifficult road for a large number of wagons, unless the\\nenemy is thoroughly cleared out. I am, therefore, going\\nto adopt some special arrangements which will involve my\\n300", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0358.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "First Hard Blow Struck\\nstay at Venter s Laager for two or three days. I will send\\nin for further supplies and report progress.^\\nA council of officers confirmed the impossibility of\\ngetting round with transport for only three days\\nrations, and it was decided to force back the Boer\\nline until the division could break the cordon and\\npress through to the rear, via Rosalie, to raise the\\nsiege, with haversacks and emergency rations in lieu\\nof transport.\\nOn January 20th, the first hard blow was struck.\\nHildyard moved from Deel Drift on the right to sup-\\nport Warren, and the irregulars covered the left\\nflanks. The Light Horse rushed recklessly into the\\nfray on the left, carrying all before them, and storm-\\ning a sugar-loaf kopje in face of a heavy fire. Several\\nAmericans serving with this force behaved with\\nespecial gallantry. Corporal Tobin, one of the cool-\\nest, and a trained athlete, outstripped his squadron in\\nthe ascent, and as the burghers clung close to cover,\\nhe reached the ridge unperceived. Disturbed by the\\nshouts of the stormers below them, whom they could\\nnot assail, his hoarse voice rising suddenly from the\\n1 Sir Charles Warren had formulated his plans on the basis of\\nS^days rations. He had misunderstood BuUer s intention of keep-\\ning his supplies filled up as required, only burdening him with such\\ntransport as was necessary for the short period. BuUer s ability to\\ndo this has not been clearly demonstrated, but the possibility alone\\nplaces a different aspect on the alteration of plan. With supplies\\nassured the detour round Acton Homes could have been made.\\n301", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0359.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ncrest itself, Now, boys, in with the bayonet! de-\\ncided the burghers, and they swarmed down the\\nreverse. Tobin seated himself nonchalantly on the\\nsummit, and announced to his breathless comrades\\nthat the hill was his. His fame spread from drummer-\\nboy to general.\\nThe regulars closed in swiftly, Hart s Irish in the\\ncentre, Woodgate s brigade on the right. Their\\ncharge was covered by the concentrated fire of the\\nfield batteries, which disconcerted the burghers, and\\nthe entire row of intrenched ridges were brilliantly\\ncarried with the bayonet. But the disheartening\\ntopography of Natal killed the triumph. A second\\nrow of kopjes, even stronger, lay beyond successive\\npositions dominated the captured ridges, which be-\\ncame the objective of every gun in the vicinity. But\\nsunset brought relief. When the next day, Sunday,\\nwas very young, the Boers, preparing their matutinal\\ncoffee, were sent to shelter by a sudden bombard-\\nment, under cover of which the irrepressible British\\ncharged across the intervening valley and carried the\\nnext position, despite heavy stone breastworks and a\\ncross fire. The burghers did not appreciate the breach\\nof the fourth commandment, and left their breakfasts\\ncooking. But some of their gunners were foreign\\ninfidels, and thus their guns could be worked with\\nimmunity on the Sabbath.\\nOn Monday, 22d, the British rested in the trenches\\nunder a heavy shell fire from the eminences in rear.\\n302", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0360.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "General Buller Visits the Position\\nThe naval guns and field batteries strove all day to\\nsilence the artillery, but those splendid Boer gun-\\nners sustained a fire that could neither be silenced\\nnor excelled.\\nGeneral Buller visited the position on the 23d, and\\nwas dismayed at the exposed condition of the division.\\nHe strongly advised Warren to retire gradually and\\nrevert to the original plan of detouring on the left.\\nHe refused to sanction further delay the assault\\nmust be pressed, or abandoned for the former\\nmanoeuvre. It was pointed out that the massive\\neminences beyond must be taken by surprise, and that\\nall preparations had been made for a night attack on\\nSpion Kop. He then waived his supreme authority\\nand left the operation to develop, that the previous\\ndays sacrifices might not be in vain.\\nFrom Spion Kop to the hills against Ladysmith\\nwere sixteen miles of tolerably level veldt. With a\\nhostile force there, the holding of the Tugela would\\nhave been impossible, and the Boers fully realized\\ntheir weakness by making the Kop their strongest\\npoint. Once the British worked beyond the Kop to\\nthe open ground, sustained defence would have been\\nimpossible.\\nOn Spion Kop trenches had been blasted from solid\\nrock, and gun emplacements constructed on approved\\nplans. The Kop is about four miles long, very steep\\non the western side, and with two high peaks on the\\nnortheast, and innumerable cuts and depressions in\\n303", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0361.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nits gnarled, irregular summit. It completely bisected\\nthe Boer line. Held with artillery, it would become\\na pivot on which the right wing could be forced back,\\nopening thereby a clear route to Ladysmith. The\\nstrong ridges of Brakfontein would also be exposed\\nto artillery fire on their left rear, and rendered\\nuntenable.\\nOn the evening of January 23d, at 6.30 p.m.. Gen-\\neral Woodgate, with the Lancashire Fusiliers, Royal\\nLancashires, 17th Company Royal Engineers, and\\nThorneycroft s Mounted Infantry, with two com-\\npanies of the Connaught Rangers and the Imperial\\nLight Infantry in support, advanced quietly to sur-\\nprise the position. The stormers had a long and diffi-\\ncult advance in the darkness, but finally reached the\\nKop and commenced the ascent. After nine hours\\nhard climbing, the treacherous summit, 1600 feet\\nabove the river, was gained. General Woodgate\\nled the assault, guided by the fitful gleam of the Boer\\ncamp-fires. The camp was taken completely by sur-\\nprise; the burghers, awakened from sleep, turned and\\nfled in confusion, pursued by rapid volleys from the\\nBritish, who gained the position with a loss of three\\nmen.\\nThe Engineers hastily constructed a trench, the\\nrocky nature of the ground making it impossible to\\ndig effectively. Rain had fallen the whole night and\\nthe troops were thoroughly exhausted by their long\\nmarch and the ascent, but there was little time to\\n304", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0362.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0363.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0364.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "Destructive Fire of the Boers\\nrest. A crash of Boer artillery announced the early-\\ndawn. In the darkness the trench had been con-\\nstructed across a gentle slope, so that guns from three\\nsides could rake the position; and the defence was\\ncommanded by high spurs and irregular rocky emi-\\nnences on the Kop itself, all of which could be reached\\nwithout risk from the plain below, the approaches\\nbeing entirely covered.\\nDespite a heavy fog, the guns quickly found the\\nrange and commenced to search out every inch of the\\nsorry breastwork so hurriedly constructed. And ere\\nmeans could be taken to strengthen it, a rifle fire\\nwas opened by daring marksmen, who had crept up\\nunseen in the fog and completely enfiladed the posi-\\ntion. A few of their own shells burst near, but they\\nwere safely ensconced among the rocks, and faced\\nthem with impunity. From Taba Myama, less than\\na mile distant, the enemy was able to sustain an in-\\ncessant shrapnel fire. In two hours the Boers had\\nfired over a thousand projectiles against the exposed\\nsummit held by the thin line in khaki. The auto-\\nmatic 1-pounder then added to the horrors, searching\\nout the trench repeatedly, and despite all efforts of\\nsupports, it became choked with dead and wounded.\\nAttempts to strengthen the breastworks were re-\\npeatedly defeated by the resolute Boer riflemen, who\\npumped their Mausers incessantly all day and forced\\nevery one to cover, though they were less than 500.\\nBut they knew the position, and thus were not so\\n20 305", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0365.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ntroubled by the fog, which completely baffled the\\nBritish and negatived any strong artillery support\\nfrom the batteries before Potgieter s. And when the\\nfog lifted, an advanced party of infantry, moving\\ndown to clear a connecting nek, were exposed to a\\na rain of projectiles from a British field battery firing\\nunder a misapprehension, to accomplish the same\\ntask.\\nWhen Warren commenced his operations Botha was\\non his way to Pretoria, and the first British success\\nled the President to order him to supreme command\\non the Upper Tugela. The burghers were hard\\npressed and disorganized when he arrived, and the\\nsubsequent loss of Spion Kop on his right centre was\\na hard blow to his plans. But this brave young\\nfarmer-general, whose modesty deserves the world s\\nrespect and his compatriots emulation, had rapidly\\ndirected operations to retrieve the loss. The mist\\nfavored him, and though it lifted, it soon gathered\\nagain. Covered by this fog, he led small parties of\\nburghers to the summit and placed them in various\\npoints of vantage, where they could sweep the British\\nexposed on the flat and lower portion of the emi-\\nnence. Despair, the last weapon that sometimes\\nachieves victory, stimulated the Boers to heroic\\nexertion.\\nIn the fog some burghers crept within two yards of\\nthe advanced British position; others crawled behind\\nrocks, where they could enfilade the shallow trench\\n806", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0366.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0f^-\\n.f.\\n.^:?-:-f^%\\nV\\nh\\nr\\n-i\\ni\\nI 3m,\\ni\\n;4\\nReinforcements scahns Spion Kop.\\ni ra\u00c2\u00ab n 6;/ Rene Bull.", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0367.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0368.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "Attempt to Expel the Enemy\\nthen they opened simultaneously. More than half\\nthe soldiers had been killed or injured by shell fire,\\nand the survivors were soon forced to surrender.\\nShalk Burger sent a portion of his command to the\\nspurs on the far side of the Kop, and they soon assailed\\nthe British rear, getting splendid cover among the\\nirregularities of the vast summit.\\nGeneral Woodgate was shot through the head at\\nthis juncture, and most of the officers had fallen,\\nbut a company of troops in the main position fixed\\nbayonets and attempted to expel the enemy from the\\nridge that they had gained on the crest. They were\\nthrice forced back with loss, however; but British\\nreinforcements arrived, climbing the ascent enfiladed\\nby the automatic gun. They then drove the Boer\\nriflemen from their lodgment, but found it impossi-\\nble, from the formation of the ground, to get any\\ncover from the shelling.\\nLyttleton s brigade strove to relieve the pressure by\\na frontal attack, the 60th Rifles gaining a footing on\\nthe northern spurs and the Scottish Rifles obtaining\\na ledge on the other side. They were exposed to\\nsevere rifle fire from the surrounding kopjes, but hung\\non tenaciously until dark. The gallantry of the reg-\\nulars was equalled by the stolid bravery of the\\nburghers, who showed the courage only inspired by\\nintense devotion.\\nWhen General Coke rode out to assume command\\nof the Kop, darkness had stilled several of the Boer\\n307", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0369.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nguns, though an intermittent shelling was sustained.\\nThe condition of the men on the summit was des-\\nperate, however. The ground was littered with\\ndying and dead, the men had been without food or\\nwater, and were in no condition to sustain a further\\ndefence at daylight. Leaving Thorneycroft in\\ncharge. Coke rode back to confer with Warren as to\\nthe best means of strengthening the position, and Sir\\nCharles at once arranged for artillery and engineers\\nto be sent to the summit. A proper system of de-\\nfence was devised, and preparations were made to\\nhold the Kop at all hazards until resistance could be\\nswept away on the flanks.\\nUnfortunately, General Warren had remained on\\nthe extreme left to guide the turning movement.\\nCoke took long to reach him, and ere fresh orders\\narrived, the surviving officers on the Kop held a\\ncouncil of war, at which a large majority favored evac-\\nuation to save extermination at daylight. A desul-\\ntory cannonade started later, giving the worn men\\nno chance to eat or rest. There is also a story of a\\ndespatch, intended for Colonel Riddell, ordering him\\nto withdraw his force, the 60th Rifles, from the ex-\\nposed position where they would mask the fire of the\\nBritish artillery. The colonel had been killed prior\\nto its delivery, and Thorneycroft receiving the\\ndespatch, as next senior officer, applied it to the\\nentire force. This incident is not mentioned in the\\nreports of either Buller or Warren. The former says\\n308", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0370.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "Spion Kop Abandoned\\nthat Thorneycroft used a wise discretion, but Lord\\nRoberts severely censures him for taking the initia-\\ntive when he could have sent to consult Warren.\\nThe Divisional Commander is also blamed for remain-\\ning on the extreme flank and not visiting Spion Kop\\nin person, when the entire success of the movement\\nrested on its retention.\\nMuch may be said in Thorneycroft s favor. His\\nworn men could not face the emergency. They had\\nbeen battered and shot at until few had escaped in-\\njury, and the nocturnal shelling started a panic which\\nan order to retire alone averted.\\nCarrying all the wounded, leaving the dead on the\\nfield, the shattered commands quietly evacuated in\\nthe darkness, and were returning to the main British\\nline when they met Colonel Sim with the Mountain\\nBattery, two naval guns, a strong force of Engineers,\\nand 600 men for a working party, going up to thor-\\noughly intrench the position. Explanations followed.\\nOfficers on the spot had decided that the position\\nwas untenable in any case, and not as useful as sup-\\nposed, being in turn dominated by other hills. With\\nthe time that elapsed to get a galloper to Warren and\\nreceive his reply, dawn drew near, and it was too\\nlate to retrieve the blunder. Certainly no one could\\naccuse Thorneycroft of cowardice or lack of resolve.\\nHe had far more dead, and wounded men who could\\nnot fire a rifle, than men able to fight; few had\\nescaped splinter wounds. The exposed portion of\\n309", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0371.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe Kop was solid rock and could not well be in-\\ntrenched, and he was not apprised of the reinforce-\\nments destined for him. To save his wounded, it\\nwas necessary that the retreat should not be delayed.\\nThe only surviving staff officer, General Coke s\\nBrigade Major, the Colonel of the Middlesex, and\\nother officers strongly protested, however, against\\nwithdrawal.\\nThe loss of Spion Kop points to the need of a\\nstronger force of mountain artillery in the British\\narmy. Elephants have now been discarded for the\\ncarriage of mountain guns these pachyderms are too\\nclumsy, at least for South African warfare, and camels\\nare unsuitable. But further mule batteries will be\\nvery helpful for the future garrisoning, and past ex-\\nperience should have taught the need of them when\\nwar first broke out. The home training battery,\\nimproperly equipped with mules, the service battery\\nheld in Natal, and eight batteries mobilized with the\\nnative artillery on the Indian frontier constitute the\\npermanent establishment. Even Spain can make\\na better showing, and she has no vast extent of fron-\\ntier to sustain.\\nThese ten batteries are manned by the garrison\\nartillery, and though only men of the highest charac-\\nter and physique are detached for this service, the\\nauthorities have neglected nothing that could make\\nmountain service distasteful. All pecuniary advan-\\ntages are lost on transference; the work is much\\n310", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0372.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "Withdrawal Accomplished without Loss\\nrougher and entails arduous marcliing, and there are\\nstable duties to perform, drawbacks which are\\nentirely outside the service for which a garrison\\ngunner enlists. There is the additional disadvantage\\nof studying cavalry drill in riding, marching, sword,\\nand carbine exercises after learning infantry drill for\\nthe garrison branch. Men taken from the field bat-\\nteries would be far better fitted for these duties, which\\nmake the mountain service distasteful to the garrison\\ngunners. The Mountain Artillery should be entirely\\nreorganized and strengthened. With properly\\nequipped mountain batteries, the story of the Natal\\ncampaign would have been brighter. A mule bat-\\ntery sent up with Woodgate would have done much\\nto make the Kop tenable.\\nThe withdrawal was accomplished without the loss\\nof a man, but the ambulances could not get in close,\\nand many wounded were not moved from the vicinity\\nuntil the next day. A prejudiced writer could fill a\\nchapter of incidents which would either prove the\\nBoer a barbarian or a saint. Evidently the burghers\\nvary greatly. Many of the dead were found with\\nfingers hacked off for rings, a few abandoned wounded\\nwere robbed, and some murdered in cold blood. Yet\\nBoers with tear-streaming faces gazed on the shat-\\ntered bodies rent and mutilated by bursting shell, and\\nmany showed kindness to the wounded.\\nThe retirement was a heart-breaking experience\\nfor the British. It seemed that the precious lives\\n311", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0373.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nhad been uselessly expended. For once Tommy-\\nwas depressed, and his curious mixture of gaiety and\\nserious determination became blended with a surly\\nmoroseness. Truly the companies on the Kop were\\nheroes, and had fought to a clean knock-out. Yet\\nthere were hundreds of fresh soldiers ready to take\\ntheir place, and in the end they might have licked\\nthe Boers. The swaddy is a clear reasoner, and if\\nhe expressed his disgust at the whole operation in\\nunparliamentary language, who shall blame him?\\nHe knew his peccare in hello non licet, and here twice\\nwas the British army checked by an army of farmers.\\nThe famished garrison in Ladysmith, so eagerly\\nwaiting for relief, were naturally despondent at this\\nsecond failure, and the men who had long combated\\ndisease, wishing to keep off sick report to the end,\\ncould control themselves no longer, and the hospitals\\nreceived a great influx of patients who had buoyed\\nthemselves up with a hope which long deferred made\\nheart and body sick.\\nBuller now withdrew his forces across the Tugela,\\nand the army had a week s rest. Spirits and resolu-\\ntion were alike restored in the interval. Three thou-\\nsand reinforcements arrived opportunely to replace\\ncasualties. With them came a horse battery and\\nmore cavalry, and no one doubted the success of the\\nthird attempt to cut a passage.\\nOn Saturday, February 3d, the heavy guns were\\n312", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0374.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "Guns Hoisted on Swartz Kop\\nhoisted to the highest point of Swartz Kop, from\\nwhich the guns the Boers had rapidly mounted on\\nSpion Kop and Doom Kloof were outranged. The\\nartillery also had clear play on the frontal ridges of\\nBrakfontein, and for once the British gunners an-\\nswered the Boers on equal terms and showed Preto-\\nrius, in keen duels, that under such conditions his\\nfine shooting could be matched if not surpassed, while\\nthe maximum of bursts was greater than with the\\nBoers. But the effect of lyddite on the massive de-\\nfences was trivial, and unless a shell exploded right\\nin a trench the splinter-proofs sheltered the Boers\\nfrom harm.\\nFor the third attempt to pierce the line of rock,\\nsteel, and brawn that barred the Ladysmith Road,\\nBuller decided to make Vaal Krantz his objective.\\nThis position runs almost at right angles to and\\neast of Brakfontein, and its capture, it was thought,\\nwould enable a wedge to be driven from ridge to ridge\\nuntil the reverse of the frontal position was assailed.\\nA frontal attack pressed home at that juncture would\\ncrumble the defence of the line and open a wide gap\\nto relieve White.\\nOn Monday, February 5th, the advance began, the\\naugmented cavalry division being divided. Colonel\\nBurn Murdoch taking the 1st Brigade (regulars),\\nLord Dundonald retaining his Colonials. Covered by\\na terrific bombardment. Colonel Wynne led forward\\nWoodgate s old brigade against the centre to cover\\n313", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0375.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe assault on the Krantz. For a time the Boers\\nheld their fire, but the infantry finally unmasked their\\nguns, allowing a steady artillery duel, when their\\nsplendid gun pits alone kept their pieces in action.\\nShell after shell fell right against the epaulments, but\\nfailed to silence the guns.\\nThe long grass on the hillside was speedily lit by\\nshrapnel, but the war balloon, ascending high above\\nthe smoke, carefully located the Boer trenches, and\\nby telegraph the positions were so dusted out with\\nshrapnel from the concentrated field batteries that the\\nrifle fire in the main position was practically silenced.\\nA shell from the Vickers Maxim managed to reach\\nthe balloon, however, and temporarily ended its\\nusefulness.\\nCovered by this assault, the Engineers bridged the\\nTugela lower down, at the dangerous Hunger s\\nDrift in direct line for Vaal Krantz, and half of\\nLyttleton s Light Brigade was over the river ere the\\nflanking movement was discovered. But the ubiqui-\\ntous burghers were soon in force, their guns were\\nslewed round to meet the new attack, and the final\\nmovement was anticipated. But the regiments de-\\nployed along the river bank, and after a brief delay,\\nduring which the infantry and batteries covering the\\nfeint against the front were skilfully withdrawn\\nunder a heavy fire and the artillery diverted to the\\nflank, the word was passed to fix bayonets and\\ncharge.\\n314", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0376.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "Men of the Two Armies Respect each Other\\nCovered by a shower of shrapnel, the Light Infan-\\ntry sprang forward from their shelter at a note of the\\nbugle, and went straight against Vaal Krantz. In\\nvain the burghers strove to stem the rush, and leaned\\nover the berm of the leading trench to fire at their\\nassailants crawling up the steep ascent. The British\\ndrew closer and closer, and ere they saw the glitter\\nof the dreaded bayonets, the defenders fled panic-\\nstricken, though the leading company of the Dur-\\nhams caught a number as they ran and cut through\\nthem, capturing many who surrendered.\\nFerocity stirred by war develops harsh brutality in\\nmany natures, and to the credit of the British soldier\\nstands the number of prisoners taken during charges,\\nwhen passions are heated and excitement impels. It\\nis poor consolation to see a comrade fall by your\\nside, and as revenge tightens your heart-strings and\\nyou prepare for vengeance, to find his executioner\\nthrow his hands up and be obliged to hold him\\nguiltless.\\nAnd in these captured trenches unselfish Tommy\\nsat with the shaggy heads of Boer wounded in his lap,\\ngiving up his scanty share of water. The fury of\\ncombat and thirst for reprisal was softened by pity even\\nfor a wounded and very dirty enemy. Common\\nsuffering knit a curious bond of sympathy between\\nthe wounded of the two races who were treated side\\nby side. Even the fighting men of the two armies\\nlearned to respect each other. The Boer farmers\\n315", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0377.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwere the prey of rumors foisted by Kruger, and whicli\\nthey could neither disbelieve nor examine; and it\\nwill be well if allowance is made for this in the set-\\ntlement. There is no reason why the Boer cannot\\nmake an excellent British Afrikander if his confi-\\ndence is fostered after his respect has been forced.\\nWith tactful administration, I do not believe that\\nthey will hate the British for generations. For ten\\nyears all that is progressive in the Transvaal has\\nbeen advancement on British lines, and despite the\\nefforts of irreconcilables, the present generation of\\nDutch South Africans has been greatly influenced\\nby English manners, customs, dress, and, in part,\\nlanguage.\\nAfrikander South Africa has not the foundation\\nupon which successful nations must be reared; the\\nfundamental principles of liberty and democracy are\\nwanting. But if the Boer has hated the British\\nunjustly, misstatement has not all been on his side,\\nand the better understanding of the races will be pro-\\nductive of future good.\\nThe capture of Vaal Krantz accomplished, a gen-\\neral concentration of guns was made, that the wedge\\nof troops might be pressed further in. But again the\\nconfiguration of Natal foiled a most able plan. Like\\nmost eminences in South Africa, the Krantz had a\\ndifficult face to assail, and it was found impossible\\nto place artillery on the summit, but it sloped down\\ngently on the reverse, and could be swept by Boers\\n316", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0378.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0379.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0380.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "Vaal Krantz Captured\\nwith gun and rifle. It did not extend far enough to\\ncut into Brakfontein, as desired. A deep donga\\nalso enabled the Boer riflemen to advance within\\neffective range, covered by their guns on the sur-\\nrounding heights; and though ten thousand men\\nmight have carried out the movement, the risk of\\nfailure and the heavy loss that must be entailed\\nwithout artillery support did not justify a further\\nmovement.\\nDespite the agreement, a number of armed Kaffirs\\nwere seen with the Boers, and from armed blacks dead\\nin the trenches and native deserters who came in with\\narms, it was evident that the need for men had over-\\ncome other scruples in impressing the natives. The\\nburghers ranged from old men to beardless boys, who\\nhad gladly joined to drive out the reds. Comman-\\ndeering had pressed heavily on a willing people, and\\nstill more men were required. But this can hardly\\nexcuse the enrolment of blacks, and had England\\nsaid the word in reprisal, her battles in her invaded\\nterritory would have been ended, and the Boers must\\nhave hurried to protect their homes from hordes of\\nchafing Basutos, Zulus, Bechuanas, and Matabili,\\neager to wipe off old scores and only too willing to\\nagain taste the blood that had been withheld by the\\nstrong hand of the White Queen Mother.\\nAs Lyttleton s brigade held to the captured posi-\\ntion, a Boer ambulance drove quietly over the plain,\\na Red Cross flag flapping proudly. It reached a\\n317", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0381.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nridge a mile beyond, and coolly and in clear view un-\\nshipped a Vickers Maxim, just out of rifle range.\\nRocks were piled up before it, and soon the demoral-\\nizing shells came buzzing over the British trenches.\\nAn individual rifle fire from the donga also tried the\\ntroops severely, and they were unable to leave the\\ntrenches for food or water. Until the second evening\\nthey held out, suffering terrible privations. After\\nsunset Lyttleton quietly evacuated, and Hildyard re-\\nplaced him with the West and East Surrey and the\\nWest Yorks.\\nCounting on the fatigue and demoralization of the\\nBritish after long exposure, the Boers gathered in\\nforce to surprise and recapture the position. Crawl-\\ning up the donga, they were able to form an extended\\nline, and almost gain the crest before the outposts\\ndiscovered them. But they found fresh troops await-\\ning them in the trenches, and were driven back with\\nheavy loss. Hildyard then maintained his position\\nwith ease, while the cavalry scouted in every direc-\\ntion with the hope of finding a weak spot assailable\\nfrom the Krantz.\\nHart s Irish demanded that they should be allowed\\nto retrieve the disaster of Spion Kop, by attempting\\nits recapture on the 7th, pointing out that with the\\noccupancy of the Krantz the Boer forces could not be\\nconcentrated. But after a council of war all attempts\\nto force the line on the west were discarded as im-\\npracticable, and by midday on the 8th the entire army\\n318", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0382.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "Old Quarters Reoccupied\\nwas again south of the Tugela, wending its way back\\nto railhead at Chieveley. On Sunday, February 11,\\nthe old camping-ground before Colenso was reoccu-\\npied, and hapless Ladysmith settled down in despair\\nto further fight starvation and disease.\\n319", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0383.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XI\\nA Battle of Fourteen Days and Nights. Capture\\nOF Pieter s. Majuba Day. Ladysmith Relieved.\\nHorrors op the Siege.\\nGeneral Clery had been wounded and injured\\nin the previous operations, and was forced to relin-\\nquish his division to Lyttleton. This necessitated\\nsome alteration in commands, but BuUer, after a few\\nhours supervision at Chieveley, and without waiting\\nfor sleep, made a reconnaissance toward Hlangwane,\\nthe possibilities and inducements of which had been\\nhitherto overlooked. His light force was greeted by\\na warm fire, which enabled the British to locate the\\nguns and their position to a nicety. The Colonials\\nand artillery were followed up on retirement, and\\nwere forced to fight their way clear.\\nThe map of this position proved misleading Hlang-\\nwane was one of a series of hills all strongly occu-\\npied, though the capture of any one of them would\\nin a measure render the others untenable. Buller\\nrealized now that he must risk all for a final attempt:\\nhard as were the conditions that he had to face, a\\nfourth repulse would mean his recall. The soldiers\\nstill had confidence in him, and his failures could\\n320", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0384.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "Army Moves Eastward\\nhardly be designated defeats but public opinion was\\nadverse Sir Redvers became Sir Reverse alias the\\nTugela Ferryman, and hostile powers pointed a\\nfinger of scorn at the baffled British army.\\nOn February 14th the army moved eastward toward\\nHlangwane. The advanced Boer works rested on\\nHuzzar Hill, extending along the irregular spurs and\\nfoothills on either side. Mount Cingolo and Monte\\nCristo, succeeding eminences, were also strongly\\noccupied, besides Hlangwane, the main position, with\\nits defended lines of communication extending across\\nthe river. Huzzar Hill became BuUer s first objec-\\ntive. Hildyard and Norcott made a night march\\nand gained positions on the extreme right of the posi-\\ntion. Coke and Wynne led their brigades against\\nthe centre, and Barton assailed the left.\\nThree new 4.7 guns and one 6-inch gun, which had\\nbeen sent up from the fleet, accomplished some very\\neffective shelling from Colenso. This combined fire,\\nsupplementing the field batteries, shook the Boer\\nposition severely; but the burghers held their reply\\nfor three hours, allowing the British lines to ad-\\nvance within effective range before they opened.\\nThen, in repetition of Colenso tactics, they loosed\\ntheir entire force. Six guns, including two heavy\\nCreusots on the hills in rear, and numerous auto-\\nmatic and machine guns, besides successive rows of\\nriflemen intrenched on Huzzar Hill and spurs, swept\\nevery inch of the advance.\\n21 321", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0385.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nBut anticipation is a great power. This outburst\\nwas no surprise the troops were prepared for it, and\\nas the positions were unmasked the infantry clung to\\ncover, and a howitzer and seven field batteries, held\\nout of rifle range, drove in the advanced lines, while\\nthe naval guns pounded the artillery to silence at\\nextreme range. And ere the burghers had recovered\\nfrom the demoralization of the effective shelling, the\\ninfantry crawled through the brush, and stormed\\nHuzzar Hill with the bayonet.\\nThe battle now evolved new tactics for overcoming\\nthe resistance of an intrenched enemy. Previous\\nreverse had proved the impracticability of sustaining\\nassaults on successive positions, against an intrenched\\nfoe with modern arms and smokeless powder. De-\\nspite effective artillery preparation, operations against\\nbomb-proof trenches are too hazardous and costly to\\nbe long sustained, and it is seldom that an attack\\naccording to the present text-book can succeed.\\nCounter trenching is now the laborious but only\\nmethod of overcoming strong field defence. Siege\\ntactics must be applied, counter positions being main-\\ntained, and extended gradually forward until the\\nenemy is driven from his trenches. This necessi-\\ntates a large force of sappers, or, better yet, the\\nemployment of infantry to throw up their own de-\\nfences. The United States troops with mess tins\\nand tomato cans threw up crude earthworks before\\nSantiago that saved hundreds of lives. The British\\n322", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0386.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "Huzzar Hill Occupied\\nsoldier, relying on the Engineers, who are not always\\navailable, has not emulated his American cousin in\\narms, in the matter of hurried intrenchments, and\\nfrequently both Engineers and soldiers have suffered\\nseverely; while the former built defences, the latter\\nfired from exposed positions, unable to aid in intrench-\\ning, through lack of utensils or implements.\\nThe spades issued experimentally as part of the sol-\\ndier s equipment found disfavor because of the addi-\\ntional weight for marching. A number of such\\nimplements would not prove difficult for transporta-\\ntion in bulk. They could be distributed to the lead-\\ning companies at the front, and carried into action\\nin a frog, without greatly impeding the soldier, and\\nwould prove invaluable. The new steam sapper,\\nthat cuts out trenches in face of a deadly fire, will\\nrevolutionize field intrenching when it is further\\nperfected.\\nHuzzar Hill was occupied in force during the night,\\nthe naval guns being placed in position, protected\\nby sand-bags, and in a few hours the eminence was a\\nfortress that could have defied the entire Boer army.\\nFrom its summit a terrific artillery duel raged with\\ncleverly screened Boer guns on Hlangwane. The\\ncavalry skirmished on the flanks, and cleared Boer\\nguerrillas from the trees, though several officers fell\\nvictims to these sharpshooters.\\nDespite the scouting, however, a strong commando\\nmanaged to ddtour and sweep in between the pickets\\n323", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0387.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nand the main position, masking the British artillery\\nwith British outposts. Used to riding across coun-\\ntry in the darkness, the burghers captured a few\\nsentries, and rode away from the strong party sent to\\ncut them off.\\nBuller s entire force advanced on the 17th, the\\ntroops, in continuous line, sweeping forward from\\nridge to ridge against Cingolo, while the cavalry\\nworked round the extreme flank unseen. The Boers\\nmade a stout resistance, and the Queen s suffered\\nseverely during the frontal attack. But the cavalry\\nsuddenly rode hard against the reverse of the position,\\ndismounted, and clambered up, carbine in hand, tak-\\ning the Boers in rear. Finding the British upon\\nthem, the burghers evacuated, escaping by the con-\\nnecting nek to Monte Cristo as the troopers charged.\\nBy sunset Cingolo was cleared of the enemy, guns\\nwere in position, and the early relief of Ladysmith\\nseemed again within the bounds of reason.\\nAll day on Sunday, 18th, the guns pounded Monte\\nCristo and Hlangwane at a close and effective range,\\nand before night the resistance on Monte Cristo had\\nbeen subdued. The infantry then closed in on either\\nflank, gaining the eminence with little loss.\\nWith Monte Cristo held, Hlangwane could not be\\nlong defended. After a few hours rest, the tireless\\nBritish again fought their way forward, the Fusilier\\nbrigade and Thorneycroft s irregulars sweeping over\\nthe outlying spurs, and storming the summit of the\\n324", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0388.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "British Flag Raised\\nmain position while the Boers were preparing break-\\nfast. The burghers fled in confusion; the laagers\\nwere captured intact, with the entire camp equip-\\nment and tons of ammunition. But the guns had\\nbeen mysteriously spirited away, having been moved\\nout of range in the darkness and hauled over the\\ndrift during the morning.\\nThe Transvaal flag waved over Breytenbach s\\nabandoned laager and fell trophy to the colonials,\\nand amid loud cheers the British flag proclaimed\\nfrom the summit that the enemy had been driven\\nbeyond the Tugela, leaving their strong but filthy\\ncamps behind them.\\nThe capture of the Boer left has a moral. It\\nseems that many colonials who knew the district well\\nhad advocated a movement against Hlangwane at\\nthe outset. They had been well snubbed for their\\npains in pointing out the advantages of the position\\nwhich, after weeks of delay and costly fighting, was\\nfinally chosen, and with success, to turn the enemy s\\nline.\\nThough Botha clung desperately to Fort Wylie\\nand the positions before Colenso, the naval guns on\\nHuzzar Hill soon told him that the line he had\\nstriven so manfully to sustain must give way at last.\\nThe Dublin Fusiliers reoccupied Colenso village\\nafter fifteen weeks absence, and as the burghers\\npressed down to the river, in face of a heavy shell-\\ning, to hold the main drifts, the Engineers had\\n325", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0389.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\npressed forward on the right before Hlangwane,\\nand threw a pontoon across the river there. On the\\n21st three brigades crossed to the north bank of\\ntlie Tugela. The passage was hotly contested, but\\nCoke s brigade swept forward, and moving against\\nthe Boer flank forced the commandoes to withdraw\\nfrom the fort and kopjes before Colenso, the Som-\\nerset Light Infantry losing 100 men during the\\noperation.\\nBotha now rallied his forces for a final stand on the\\nhigher eminences of Grobler s Kloof and Pieter s\\nHill, but by the evening of the 22d, three brigades\\nthe 4th, 6th, and 11th had bivouacked before\\nthe position, prepared to make the final stroke in a\\nbattle that had raged continuously for eight days and\\nnights.\\nThe foreign contingents now dribbled away before\\nthe continued British attack. They were not greatly\\nmissed, Botha grimly reported. An alien company\\nthat had attracted some attention was a Russo-Franco\\nentente cordiale, the Corps of la Belle Otero, com-\\nmanded by a cashiered Russian officer, who had lost\\nmoney and honor when a satellite of that brilliant\\nlady in Paris. Abandoned for a more affluent lover,\\nhe had marched forth to fight for liberty, sheltering\\nthe sacred name under the notoriety of the fickle\\nAndalusianne. The simple burghers knew nothing\\nof this dancer, and the Otero contingent had their\\nimplicit confidence, though it left them to their own\\n326", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0390.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "Position of Boers\\ndevices at Pieter s. Later these foreign lovers of\\nliberty sent in their bill for personal services to\\nPresident Kruger, and found that his promises were\\nviolable, though backed by quotations from the Bible\\nand after weeks of arduous service they found them-\\nselves with no share in the Rand gold that had fired\\ntheir ardor for upholding the rights of the Boers.\\nBotha, Burgers, and Meyer concentrated their\\nstrength, however, on the main eminences, and made\\na stupendous resistance. From the ring of hills\\naround Ladysmith down to the river bend is one\\nsuccession of kopjes, seams, and wooded dongas, with\\nsteep and mountainous kops blocking the way, ex-\\ntending across Onderbrook to Pieter s. After cross-\\ning the Tugela at Colenso, where it suddenly flows\\ndue north, the railroad runs parallel to the river\\ntoward Ladysmith, with hills on either flank. When\\nthe Tugela again bends eastward, the railroad runs\\non through a steep ravine into Pieter s Station. The\\nfinal Boer line extended across Grobler s Kloof over\\nthe heights before Pieter s, and small companies were\\nextended to delay every step of the advance through\\nthe broken country, chiefly along the railroad line.\\nFor a distance of four square miles the British\\nfought their way onward, harassed by sharpshooters\\nand detachments that lurked in the rocks, and am-\\nbushed from the dongas and brush. By midday, on\\nthe 23d, after a night and morning of continuous\\nfighting, the Lancashire Brigade, with Hildyard s\\n327", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0391.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nregiments and the Rifles, had forced their way be-\\ntween Grobler s and Pieter s at great cost. They soon\\nproved the impossibility of forcing a road directly\\nthrough such a country.\\nWhile his left centre hung on before Grobler s,\\nBuller determined to throw his right forward toward\\nLadysmith, round the Boer left. But the burghers\\nwere concentrated on the eminences before Pieter s,\\nand from the left of their line could command any\\nturning movement in the plain below, with rifles and\\nartillery. It was necessary, therefore, for a suc-\\ncessful advance, to clear the enemy from the hills\\non the eastern end of his line, where it rested on\\nthree eminences that dominate the railroad before\\nPieter s Station. The Irish were ordered to advance\\nup the track and along the river bank, to seize the\\nfoothills at the river bend where the Tugela and\\nthe railroad part company, and endeavor to oust the\\nBoers from the hills east of the line, which is here\\nbuilt through a deep ravine.\\nIn face of a terrific fire the Inniskillings seized a\\nkopje at the foot of their objective, where they were\\nstrongly supported by the Dublins and Rangers, and\\npart of Colonel Norcott s Light Infantry. The honor\\nof the dsij was intrusted to Colonel Thackeray. It\\nwas one hour before sunset when the first advantage\\nwas won, and he determined to rush the position\\nbefore dark, hoping to intrench during the night,\\nwhen the hill could be permanently held.\\n328", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0392.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "An Armistice Arranged\\nThe sontliern half of the eminence was stormed in\\nmagnificent style by the Inniskillings, and, supported\\nby companies of the Dublins and Rangers, they strove\\nto clear the entire crest along which successive Boer\\nintrenchments were cut and strengthened by stone\\nbreastworks.\\nWith amazing tenacity the Boers held to cover,\\nblazing away from their trenches on the higher por-\\ntions of the ridge, until the Inniskillings were\\npractically exterminated. When darkness fell the\\nsurvivors threw up a rude breastwork of rocks, but\\nlay exposed to fire from both flanks during the entire\\nnight. Reinforcements went forward at daylight,\\nbut the British could advance no farther, and the\\norder was given to withdraw, an armistice being\\narranged to bury the dead and gather the wounded.\\nWhen the Inniskillings were extricated, three suc-\\ncessive commanding officers lay dead on the field.\\nCorporals brought back shattered companies; and\\nwhen roll was called one officer and forty-three men\\nanswered for the battalion that had gone in 500\\nstrong.\\nBut while the gallant Irish had held their ground\\nat such appalling cost, BuUer had been preparing for\\na skilful movement on the extreme right. Already\\nBoer deserters came in with stories of demoralization.\\nLines of wagons were reported moving back toward\\nthe Drakensberg, and Ladysmith heliographed that\\nthere was every indication that the Boers were pre-\\n329", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0393.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nparing for a general retirement. During the armis-\\ntice, while Buller again withdrew his troops south of\\nthe Tugela, the laagers were being broken up and\\nthe disheartened commandoes decided that they could\\nnever withstand another attack.\\nOn the 26th the general British retirement was\\napparent, and inspirited them for fresh efforts. They\\nremounted their guns and remanned the trenches.\\nBut Buller gave them no rest. He moved his entii e\\nforce back to Hlangwane, and then advanced across\\nthe river, due northwest from that position. Cov-\\nered by an effective bombardment the three brigades\\ncrossed the pontoons safely, and moved slightly to\\nthe north, against the hills before Pieter s. Barton\\nclosed in first. General Wynne, wounded, was suc-\\nceeded by Colonel Kitchener, the Sidar s brother,\\nwho led his brigade after Barton; Colonel Norcott\\nwith his regiments was on the flank.\\nThe Scots Fusiliers stormed the farthest mount of\\nthe triple position. Kitchener then loosed his bri-\\ngade, and the Lancashires and Yorks climbed over\\nthe low foothills, two battalions remaining sheltered\\nbeside the railroad to turn the flank. Finally these\\nbrigades, taking advantage of every inch of cover,\\nreached the skyline of the hill beside the tracks, and\\ntaking the Boer trenches in flank they drove the\\nenemy to the further spurs of the position. Colonel\\nNorcott then closed in, the Eifles and East Surrey\\nclambering up the southern and eastern slopes of the\\n330", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0394.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "Th^ aftehmath op Pibter s Hill.\\nFrom a sketch by a naval officer.", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0395.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0396.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "Majuba Day\\ntriplicated eminence, and finally forcing the Boers\\nfrom the summit.\\nWhile speaking of these positions in Natal it may-\\nbe as well to call attention to the vast size and\\nirregularity of these South African kops. The\\nseams, ridges, and chasms, and the neks connecting\\none hill with another, make the summits formidable\\nbattle-fields on which entire divisions can be ma-\\nnoeuvred, or a Waterloo fought.\\nFor hours the fighting raged fiercely; every foot\\nof ground was hotly contested, and many fierce\\nstruggles were waged ere the burghers were cleared\\nfrom the outlying spurs. Briton and Boer proved\\ntheir bravery a hundredfold, and over 100 bodies of\\nthe latter were collected and buried by the British,\\nwhose losses were also very heavy.\\nIt was Majuba Day, an anniversary that in future\\nwill be celebrated by the Boers with sackcloth and\\nashes. Driven from the railroad, with the hills be-\\nfore Pieter s lost, Botha could no longer hold\\nGrobler s. A fairly open plain led up to Bulwhana,\\nand beyond was Ladysmith. Their strong line\\nwas broken through at last, and the commandoes\\nmounted and retired sullenly, sadder and perhaps\\nwiser men.\\nChecked by weak rear guards, the main column was\\nsoon at Nelthorpe, the cavalry forcing the Boer de-\\ntachments back and capturing some belated wagons.\\nCaptain Gough of the 16th Lancers, with troops of\\n331", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0397.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nLight Horse and Carbineers, followed closely by Lord\\nDundonald with the Colonial Cavalry, ddtoured to\\nthe west, driving the Boers from an isolated laager.\\nIn the gathering darkness a plateau loomed before\\nthem. A camp-fire gleamed fitfully, and an outpost\\nchallenged.\\nHalt! Who goes there?\\nThe Ladysmith relieving column!\\nThe ragged, emaciated British outpost gave a\\nquavering cheer. Then discipline had its way, the\\nguard turned out and presented arms. The troopers\\npressed on, and the bearded Tommies leaned\\nwearily on their rifles and cried, from the effect of\\nsheer excitement on their weakened constitutions.\\nHalt! Who goes there? from the main guard.\\nThe relieving column\\nCyclists had scorched into the famished city by\\nthis time with the news, the gunners fired two signal\\nrockets, and men, women, and children loosed their\\nemotions, pent up by one hundred and twenty weary\\ndays and nights of siege, pestilence, and starvation,\\nand rushed forth to greet their deliverers.\\nThe prolonged siege had pinched Ladysmith to the\\nlast extremity. After the disaster at Spion Kop\\ndespondency had seized the plucky garrison. Food\\nwas then terribly scarce. The continuous shelling\\nof the small city had proved trying to soldiers and\\ncivilians; but it was the women and children who\\nsuffered most. Over two hundred little ones were\\n332", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0398.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "Starvation in Native Quarter\\nshut within the ring of cannon. By day they were\\nforced to hide in bomb-proofs; by night few dared\\nundress, for at some hour the alarm would sound\\nat the flash of a Boer gun, and they were forced\\nto fly through the night to again take refuge until\\nthe flight of projectiles abated. These shelters after\\nheavy rains were frequently half filled with mud and\\nwater, in which they must perforce stand for hours\\ntogether.\\nThe garrison was ragged, shoeless, and hungry.\\nMeat soon disappeared. Unfortunately, few vegeta-\\nbles had been planted in the vicinity; even Kaffir\\nmealies grew terribly scarce, and the starving horses\\nand mules soon became the staple diet. Disease\\ngrew apace. The neutral civilian hospital camp was\\noverflowing, and 181 officers and 4,833 soldiers had\\npassed through the hospital during the first nine\\nweeks siege. These figures were doubled during\\nthe final eight weeks and the proportion of deaths\\ngrew larger.\\nIn the native quarter there was real starvation, for\\nthough the unfortunate people crowded in by the\\nBoers to help eat out the town, received regulation\\nallowance, the same as every soldier of the line, mark\\nyou, the unfortunate Hindoos preferred to die rather\\nthan risk damnation by eating cow s meat; and curi-\\nously their scruples were extended to horse flesh,\\nthough some votaries finally accepted this ration in\\nlast extremity.\\n333", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0399.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nThe considerate treatment of natives at all besieged\\ntowns in South Africa should silence those who speak\\nof British injustice to inferior races. The godly\\nBoers impressed Kaffirs as slaves at all points, and\\nwhen rations were short allowed them to abjectly\\nstarve.\\nColonel Ward had to provide for 16,000 Euro-\\npeans, most of whom were in regular or volunteer ser-\\nvice, though 2000 old men, women, and children were\\non the inutile list. There were also 2,240 Kaffirs\\nand 2,460 Hindoos in the city. Even on restricted\\nrations this vast number of people soon ate up\\navailable supplies. But necessity fosters invention.\\nTons of carcass were daily buried beyond the town:\\nthe horses and mules grew so thin that little meat\\ncould be cut from them. Then Lieutenant McNalty\\nof the Supply conferred with Colonel Ward, the Com-\\nmissariat General, and after many experiments pure\\nessence of horse was concocted, the locomotive house\\nbeing improvised as a factory. The animals were\\nshot at one end, emerging from the front door in jars\\nand bottles labelled CHEVRIL. This horse-extract,\\ntrade-marked Resurgam and issued under the code-\\nsignal appellation of Colonel Ward, caused hearty\\nlaughs where merriment was scarce, and provided a\\nnourishing liquid food for the besieged, who declared\\nit outri vailed Bovril.\\nRice-powder for the face, bran, bird-seed, and\\nwashing-starch were taken from the stores and con-\\n334", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0400.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0401.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0402.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "Relief Becomes an Accomplished Fact\\nverted into food. A plague of locusts happening in\\nthe outskirts proved a three-day feast to the blacks,\\nwho gathered them in thousands and found them a\\npalatable dish, though the wild honey was lacking.\\nBut still, people were hungry.\\nWater was a serious question. Wood was too\\nscarce for continual fires for boiling, and eau de Klif\\nRiver, seasoned by dead horses and Kaffirs which\\nthe Boers tumbled regularly into the stream to be\\nwashed down toward the city, was neither tempting\\nnor healthful.\\nBuUer s guns sounded wondrous close during the\\nfirst attack before Pieter s. Then again they died\\naway in the distance. But despondency was turned\\nto hope when the Boers were seen hurriedly inspan-\\nning their teams and removing their guns. The\\nnaval gunners drew heavily on their scanty store to\\nsustain farewells to the last, and then a thunder of\\nbattle drawing closer and closer gave the reason of\\nthe Boer retirement.\\nBut the north of the town was strongly invested,\\nand the end was not speedily expected until the\\nslouch hats of the Colonials were seen approaching,\\nand relief became an accomplished fact.\\nThe eager townsfolk raced madly out to greet their\\ndeliverers. Their number was swelled by the soldiers\\noff duty. Strong men clung to Dundonald s battle-\\nscarred troopers weeping like children, women kissed\\ntheir deliverers hysterically, or thrust their children\\n335", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0403.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\non the saddles of the Colonials. Then the bugles\\nsounded at headquarters, and General White and\\nhis staif rode into the Market Square to greet the\\nrelief.\\nThe starved, fever-stricken, ragged garrison, the\\nno less emaciated townfolk crowded round. There\\nwas dead silence as General and Earl grasped hands.\\nThen with a voice thick with emotion. White turned,\\npointed eloquently to the British flag, and lifted his\\nhat.\\nThree cheers for her Majesty the Queen\\nThe band was formed by the well musicians from\\nvarious regiments the voices were weak, and quav-\\nered discordantly at the prolonged notes but when\\nthe cheers had subsided, the strains of God save the\\nQueen went up from the community gathered in\\nthe battered, stricken town and no tribute more sig-\\nnificant or touching has been tendered the aged sov-\\nereign Victoria, unless it were the National Anthem\\nthat rose from the survivors of Lucknow when the\\nskirl of the Campbells pipes announced Havelock s\\nadvent, or the strains of that simple but inspiring\\nmelody sung by Major Wilson and his command as\\nthey were slowly massacred on the Shangani.\\nWhite s speech in response to the cheers they gave\\nhim is characteristic Thank God we kept the flag\\nflying.\\nTwo days later General Buller entered at the head\\nof his column. The garrison lined up to greet the\\n336", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0404.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "Buller Enters at Head of Column\\nField Force, but were obliged to sit at the roadside\\nthrough sheer weakness long ere the cheering regi-\\nments wended their way into the city that they had\\nfought so hard to relieve. And when the dismiss\\nrang out what scenes there were Townies found\\neach other, comrades were reunited, and in a few\\nhours refugees who had fled down country were\\nback, some to find members of their family dead,\\nothers to meet husband, father, or brother, and reoc-\\ncupy the little Natal home, pretty, aye, and home,\\ndespite the gaping shell-holes and surrounding ruin.\\nBefore the column came in Captain Denny had\\nbrought up wagon-loads of provisions, but with char-\\nacteristic stolidity the British soldier and civilian\\nbore their hunger a few hours longer to be in line\\nto greet Buller. The ceremony over, nature asserted\\nher sway, and there was an eager rush for simple\\nluxuries that are prized only after want.\\nColonel Morgan brought up the main supply-\\ncolumn soon after, tons of extras sent from distant\\nfriends were distributed, and every one ate, drank,\\nand was merry. Buller s force had little time for jol-\\nlification, however. Brother Boer was still hovering\\nin the passes, and divisions were moved forward with\\nlittle delay to take up positions that would keep him\\nout of Natal.\\nOfficers now saw the reverse of the positions that\\nthey had attempted to storm, and no longer won-\\ndered at reverse. Natural strength apart, the lines\\n22 337", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0405.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nof defence were massive, and incredible. Nature,\\nBoer subtlety, and the brains trained in European mil-\\nitary schools had combined to erect the strongest\\nposition recorded in history. The relief of Lady-\\nsmith was a stupendous feat, and though the popular\\nidol of the hour, Lord Roberts, is reaping most of\\nthe credit with the deserved praise for his own suc-\\ncess, history will record in Buller s favor.\\nRemember, Buller s fiercest fighting took place on\\nMajuba day, the day that Cronje surrendered and\\nthe capture of Bloemfontein appeared imminent.\\nAdverse war news travels slowly from Pretoria.\\nPieter s was half won when the news of Bobs suc-\\ncess was flashed from Cape Town to Buller. It took\\nfar longer to reach the Boers. Despite a tolerable\\nveracity in their war news, the officials at Pretoria\\nnaturally took no steps to dishearten their hardly\\npressed forces in Natal, and Buller had won and the\\nburghers were in full retreat, ere the story of univer-\\nsal disaster in the Free State reached them.\\nThe news turned their withdrawal into a panic,\\nand so hastened their movements that Buller was\\nunable to follow up his victory by making a retreat\\na rout. But the Natal Field Force relieved Lady-\\nsmith, and to them is the credit due.\\n338", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0406.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII\\nAn unexpected Conclusion. Relief of Kimberley.\\nCapture op Cronje. Collapse of the Boer Army.\\nRoberts March on Pretoria. Capture of Bloem-\\nfontein. Kroonstad and Lindley occupied. In-\\nvasion op the Transvaal. The Sherman of 1900.\\nCapitulation of Pretoria. The Cost of the War.\\nConclusion.\\nHistory has been smoothly and rapidly made dur-\\ning the past nine weeks. When I left South Africa\\nRoberts was formulating an advance north that was\\nexpected to provide ample material for a second\\nvolume. Judging by early Boer resistance, there\\nseemed abundant time to -recuperate by a trip to New\\nYork, and to return to the front ere the British army\\ncommenced to hammer at Pretoria s gates. The\\nnatural fortresses of northern Natal and on the\\nTransvaal borders contributed conditions by which\\nthe Boers could greatly prolong the agony that they\\nhad inflicted on Buller s column. After the relief\\nof Ladysmith, they would in reality be fighting for\\ntheir hearths and homes, and thus I deemed that their\\npast resolution in the invaded country would be in-\\ncreased tenfold on the Transvaal borders.\\nAustria was forced to send 260,000 men against\\n55,000 Bosniacs twenty-one years ago. The Bosniacs\\n339", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0407.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwere indifferently armed they had neither resources\\nlike the Boers nor modern rifles and cannon. Austria\\ncould draw her supplies at hand, and England was\\nthousands of miles from her main base. In Cuba\\n25,000 poorly armed and half -starved insurgents\\ndefied 260,000 Spaniards in that narrow island for\\nthree years, when intervention stayed the struggle.\\nIn 1870, during the invasion of France, Germany was\\nforced to keep 160,000 men employed on the flanks\\nand line of communications in a practically open coun-\\ntry. With a foe as mobile and resolute as the Boers,\\nand a country so favorable to their tactics, Roberts\\nadvance to Pretoria we thought would be through a\\nsea of blood, with communications notated with dis-\\naster and interruption.\\nRoberts successful march omens well for the future.\\nIt proves above all things that the burghers were led\\ninto the war in an excess of religious fervor, buoyed\\nby a sense of their invincibility. The awakening\\nwas sudden they were amazed at their temerity and\\ndazed with its effect, when the vast strength and re-\\nsource of the despised England was revealed. Their\\nearly success was a proof of Divine favor; when the\\ntide of victory turned they became the prey of doubts\\nand fears, and their system of collective individuality\\nwent to pieces.\\nBut the British must not hurrah too loudly ere\\nthey are out of the wood. The promises by Kruger\\nand Steyn of foreign intervention, their assurance\\n340", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0408.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "Roberts Successful March\\nthat Russia had seized India, that the United\\nStates would repeat its Venezuelan attitude regard-\\ning the republics, had little effect, and I am as-\\nsured that most of the burghers would return quietly\\nto their farms, were they apprised of considerate\\ntreatment. But the Boer is credulous to a fault.\\nWounded burghers have recently been overtaken,\\ncrawling over the burning veldt to escape the bar-\\nbarous rooineks. They believe to-day that Judge\\nKoch was left to die of hunger outside Ladysmith,\\nthough his wife is with him while he convalesces in\\npractical freedom at Cape Town. They have been\\nmisled by the wilful lies of their precious Presidents\\nuntil it is quite possible that they will yet cause\\ngrave trouble, and sustain a severe campaign in\\ntheir mountain fastnesses. The duration of this\\nwill depend entirely on the quality and quantity\\nof the reports that are allowed to reach them from\\nthe burghers who have already surrendered. It is\\nsignificant also that the Boer can make and break\\nmost solemn oaths of allegiance with utmost ease,\\nand entire subjugation may be a matter of time and\\ndifficulty.\\nRoberts advance has abounded in picturesque\\ndetail; the thoroughness of his plans and the preci-\\nsion of his movements have overawed the Boer power\\nof resistance at every point, and forced them to make\\none of the most masterly retreats in history. I do\\nnot purpose following his movements in extenso, for\\n341", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0409.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nhis operations are of interest rather to the strategist\\nthan to the general reader.\\nAfter perfecting details of his campaign in Cape\\nTown, Lord Eoberts arrived at Modder River on Feb-\\nruary 10th and issued orders for the general advance.\\nFor two months little had been accomplished on the\\nFree State border. But reinforcements had been sent\\nup, and divisions mobilized until the command at his\\ndisposal amounted to 45,000 men. Gatacre, Mac-\\ndonald, Babington, and French had been demonstrat-\\ning and raiding into the annexed districts, but on the\\n12th the Boers showed in great force before Rensburg,\\nand the British were forced to fall back from Coleskop.\\nBut covered by this Boer success, French made a\\nforced march and seized Dekiel s Drift. On the fol-\\nlowing day the 6th and 7th Divisions crossed the ford\\nand drove the Boers from their positions on the Riet\\nRiver.\\nWhile the main commandoes were celebrating their\\ncapture of Rensburg, and covered by a feint by\\nColonel Gordon, which drew two commandoes to\\nRondeval Drift, French with his cavalry division\\nmarched twenty-five miles, crossed Klip Drift on the\\nModder, and captured three of Cronje s laagers.\\nTraversing the Boer line of communications, he then\\npressed right on to Kimberley, surprising the main\\nlaager and depot. The siege was raised, and French\\nentered the city on the 15th with a loss of 20 men.\\nKimberley had not suffered very severely by the\\n342", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0410.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "a w", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0411.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0412.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "Cronje at Bay\\ninvestment, though several women and children had\\nbeen killed by shell fire.\\nAlarmed by this rapid countermarch, Cronje imme-\\ndiately evacuated his main positions at Magersfontein\\nand Spyfontein, and retired to Koodoosrand Drift.\\nOne of his commandoes overtook and captured the\\nconvoy following French with supplies for Kimberley.\\nBut Roberts now set his entire command in motion.\\nJacobsdal was captured and occupied, Kelly-Kenny\\nfollowing hot on Cronje s heels, overtaking wagons\\nand harassing his rear guard as he vainly strove to\\nwithdraw to the hills south of Bloemfontein. The\\npath of the retreat was strewn with dead animals and\\nabandoned wagons, and the Boer cattle were finally\\nexhausted by the rapid pursuit. Tucker s division\\nheaded off the column on the east; the pursuing\\ndivisions were close behind, and batteries and cavalry\\nhad detoured and were hovering on the north. Too\\nlate Cronje found that the British could leave the\\nrailroad his disregard of Mareuil s advice had courted\\ndisaster, and on the 18th he found himself at bay.\\nHe laagered his wagons and prepared for a vigorous\\ndefence. Hasty breastworks were thrown up along\\nthe banks of the Modder River at Wolveskraal Drift,\\nbomb-proofs were dug under the trees close to the\\nwater s edge, the pits being eighteen inches wide at\\nthe top and leading into excavations that gave effec-\\ntive shelter from shells and bullets. For two days\\na fierce battle raged, the British losing heavily. But\\n343", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0413.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nthe cordon drew closer and closer around the doomed\\nforce. The Boers fought with the desperation of\\ndespair, and in their position they suffered no great\\nloss, though their cattle were slaughtered in thou-\\nsands and the laagered wagons were smashed to pieces\\nand ignited by the continuous bombardment.\\nThe stench of dead horses soon made their warren\\nintolerable, but the defence was sustained by Cronje,\\ndespite the entreaty of the burghers, driven to a\\nfrenzy by hunger and nausea. Lord Roberts sent in\\na flag of truce on the 20th to remove Boer women,\\nchildren, and the wounded, but the brutal leader re-\\nfused the offer with his accustomed grace. Cronje\\ncan boast the dogged pluck of a brute beast, but his\\nstyle of heroism is not inspiring, and his career is not\\ncreditable, his bravery notwithstanding.\\nThe end came on the 28th. After ten days resist-\\nance the dawn of Majuba Day was fixed for assault.\\nThe encompassed burghers had sustained a terrible\\nMauser fire that repulsed previous attempts to close\\nin, but ere the sun rose the Canadian contingent\\nsquirmed through the grass to within 100 yards of\\nthe outer trenches.\\nThe French company under Major Pelletier were\\nin the lead, when crashing volleys told them that their\\nadvance was discovered. Flinging themselves on\\ntheir faces, the Canadians replied to this fire, suffer-\\ning severely, but never budging, while two yards\\nbehind them an heroic band of engineers under Kin-\\n344", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0414.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "TiCTOE AND VANQUISHED THE MEETING OF LOED ROBEETS AND GENERAL CEONJE.\\nDrawn hy F. de Haenen from a sketch by a British officer.", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0415.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0416.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "Arrangements made for Surrender\\ncaid and Boileau dug a long trench, into which the\\nCanadians withdrew. Despite the darkness, Kincaid\\nhad cut his line at an angle from which half of\\nCronje s position could be raked, and a few minutes\\nafter sunset Boers began to throw up their hands and\\nrun to the British lines to escape the rifle fire.\\nAn hour later a horseman rode out with a white flag,\\nto arrange for unconditional surrender on the follow-\\ning morning. Having inflicted a loss of 98 officers\\nand 1,436 men during his vigorous defence, Cronje\\nand his command of 4,115 burghers then capitulated.\\nMrs. Cronje followed her husband to captivity, grimly-\\nclinging to a black silk dress stolen from Lady Wil-\\nson while a prisoner in the Mafeking laager.\\nOn March 5th Labuschagne was defeated by Bra-\\nbant, Gatacre drove the Boers from the Stormbergen,\\nand the annexed district again passed under Brit-\\nish rule. The commandoes concentrated at Poplar\\nGrove, Presidents Kruger and Steyn came to the\\nfront from Bloemfontein with several fresh comman-\\ndoes, and the burghers took up a strong position ex-\\ntending fourteen miles across the Modder. On the\\n7th the cavalry brigade turned the enemy s left flank,\\nthe 6th Division moved round the flank to menace the\\nline of retreat, and the entire Boer army, seized\\nwith panic, fled in confusion. Kruger and Steyn\\nstrove to rally their forces, the latter lashing his Free\\nStaters to hold them to the trenches, but the retreat\\nwas general, mounted infantry, cavalry, and horse\\n345", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0417.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nbatteries pressing the fleeing burghers to Abraham s\\nKraal, where the Z. A. R. P. commando under Van\\nDam arrived to make a plucky stand, checking the\\npursuit and enabling the scattered forces to reform\\nbehind them.\\nThe Boers then occupied a strong row of kopjes at\\nDriefontein, fifteen miles east of Poplar Grove.\\nRoberts attacked on March 10th the Welsh and Essex\\nof the 6th Division storming the first line of defences\\nand inflicting severe loss on the enemy. The cavalry\\nagain turned the flank and the Boers were routed,\\nleaving 173 dead on the field. Repeated abuse of the\\nwhite flag, and the use of explosive bullets during the\\nbattle led Lord Roberts, who twice witnessed the\\nformer, to protest against Boer methods of war.\\nThe disheartened burghers fell back to a strong\\nposition along the highroad to Bloemfontein. Rob-\\nerts, however, led his army by forced marches around\\nthe flank, through Venter s Vlei, French s cavalry\\nclosing on the Free State capital on the evening\\nof the 12th. Disconcerted at the rapid counter-\\nmarch, and fearing their retreat would be cut off,\\nthe Boers evacuated their final position, and on the\\n13th Mr. Frazer, Steyn s rival for the presidency and\\nthe head of the strong anti-war party in the Free\\nState, met Lord Roberts on the outskirts of Bloem-\\nfontein and formally surrendered the capital. Hun-\\ndreds of burghers now surrendered and took the oath\\nof allegiance. President Steyn, however, removed\\n346", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0418.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "Death of General Joubert\\nthe capital to Kroonstadt, where the Boers prepared\\nto make the great stand of the war. President Kru-\\nger now decided that the Free State had forfeited its\\nindependence, and coolly annexed it to the Transvaal.\\nThis action made a wide breach between the allies,\\nand hundreds of Free Staters returned home in dis-\\ngust. Steyn refused to fight as a Transvaaler, and\\nfinally Kruger withdrew his proclamation.\\nOn the night of March 27, General Joubert, who\\nhad long been ailing, passed quietly away in Pre-\\ntoria. The death of the Grand Old Man of South\\nAfrica was an irreparable loss to the Transvaal cause.\\nIncorruptible, liberal, and of sterling honesty, the\\ncommandant general represented all that is best in\\nthe Boer character. Nature made him and then\\nbroke the mould. Though he adopted an uncom-\\npromising attitude against the Raiders, his liberal\\nviews toward the Uitlanders during the early Reform\\nmovement lost him both his civil official position and\\nhis popularity inasmuch as in 1898 he secured less\\nthan one-third of the votes recorded for him in the\\nprevious presidential election in 1893. As Kipling\\nsaid of him,\\nWith those that loosed the strife\\nHe had no part, whose hands were clear of gain\\nbut he was a great patriot, ready to sacrifice all for\\nhis country. His military glory waned somewhat\\nafter his failure to take Ladysmith, and the brave old\\nspirit was sorely tried by the petty bickering and\\n347", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0419.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\njealousies dominating the affairs of the Transvaal.\\nHe gradually relaxed his hold on military affairs until\\nthe end, when Botha succeeded him certainly the\\nmost worthy successor on the roster, and one whom\\nwe may hope to see Premier of the Transvaal under\\nthe new regime.\\nWhile Roberts was re-mobilizing at Bloemfontein\\nand Kitchener was again giving proof of his vast ad-\\nministrative ability by reorganizing the transport and\\nequipping the ragged army to face the winter of the\\nAfrican uplands, Boer commandoes under De Wet\\nswept down the southeast flank of the British, mov-\\ning against Colonel Broadwood and a small column\\noccupying Thaba Nchu, forty miles east of the capital.\\nFearing to be cut off, the British commander retired\\nto the Water Works, seventeen miles from Bloem-\\nfontein, to which place the 9th division was at once\\ndespatched.\\nBefore the reinforcing column arrived De Wet\\nattacked on three sides, and Broadwood decided to\\nsend his baggage, with Q and U Batteries, Horse\\nArtillery, and the Mounted Infantry into the capital.\\nTo check anticipated reinforcements, and to cut off\\nBroadwood s retreat if defeated, De Wet had placed\\nthe Winburg, Moroka and Ladybrand burghers in a\\ndeep donga and along a spruit on the main road in\\nthe British rear. The Boers were greatly surprised\\nto discover the convoy advancing leisurely into the\\ntrap at 4 a. m., en route to Bloemfontein.\\n348", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0420.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "British Fall into a Trap\\nThe advance guard was allowed to cross the water;\\nthe wagons, intersected with the batteries, were\\nwinding down the steep banks into the ford, when\\nvolleys were poured into them at close range. Gun-\\nners, troopers, and drivers were shot down horses\\nand mules fell in writhing heaps. Five guns of U\\nBattery were captured, but one team bolted when the\\ndrivers had been shot from the saddles, finally draw-\\ning up with their gun in the British lines. Q battery\\nwas further in rear and suffered less. Under a\\nheavy fire, the surviving gunners manhandled four of\\nthe guns over the rocky veldt from the tangled mass\\nof wagons and teams and commenced to heavily shell\\nthe Boers, keeping them at bay until reinforcements\\narrived and the pieces were safe. Of the entire\\nconvoy, however, 360 failed to answer to their names,\\nkilled and wounded constituting the greater number\\nof missing.\\nColville had left Bloemfontein at dawn to relieve\\nBroadwood. Hearing the firing, the division marched\\nthe 17 miles at a rapid pace. Hector Macdonald s\\nHighlanders, coming on the enemy in the main drift,\\nforced them to abandon some of the wagons, but the\\nbulk of the convoy with the captured guns had been\\nsent to the rear, and before Dorrien s brigade could\\noutflank the commandoes the captures had been\\ndespatched up country. After a stiff fight the Boers\\nwere beaten off, and retired to Brandfort.\\nBut Lemmer, Olivier, and Grobler, who had been\\n349", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0421.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nretreating from the South, now joined De Wet. In-\\nspirited by his victory, they combined forces, and\\nswept along the southeastern border of the Free\\nState, reoccupying the grain country, where hundreds\\nof farmers had given up their arms and surrendered\\nto the British. The fate of these burghers was ex-\\ntremely hard. Of those who had the temerity to\\nrefuse to rejoin the Boers several were shot as traitors\\nthe others were sent to Pretoria, and in all cases\\nhomes and stock were looted and destroyed. Com-\\nmandant-general Pretorius, who had surrendered,\\nwas seized by a troop of Zarps and sent to the Trans-\\nvaal, where he has been condemned to what will\\nprove life imprisonment to so aged a man.\\nThe commandoes swooped down on Reddersburg,\\nforcing three companies each of the Royal Irish and\\n9th Mounted Infantry to surrender after a plucky\\nresistance of a day and night exposed to the fire of\\nfive guns. Gatacre s attempts to extricate these\\ntroops miscarried, and after this second failure he\\nwas recalled to England, his reputation marred by\\nattempting great things with too small a force to even\\nthe chances of victory.\\nMenacing the line of communications south of\\nBloemfontein, Olivier and De Wet now had 8,000\\nmen. Finding that the railroad was strongly occu-\\npied, they moved along the Basutoland border, invest-\\ning Wepener, with its garrison of Colonials under\\nDalgetty. From April 5th until the 28th, in roughly\\n350", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0422.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "Trap Laid for Boers\\nconstructed defences, this small force withstood suc-\\ncessive assaults of a force ten times their superior,\\nunder continuous bombardment from five guns.\\nWith Dalgetty s force as a bait, Roberts rapidly-\\nprepared a trap for the Boers in the interim. Run-\\ndie was ordered to Springfontein, Chermside, Gat-\\nacre s successor, gathered his division at Bethanie, and\\nPole-Carew with the guards moved down to the Kaffir\\nRiver. Dickson, with the 4th Cavalry brigade, and\\nDorrien s Infantry brigade, with an artillery division,\\nthen marched beyond Korn Spruit to cut off the\\nretreat northward.\\nThe British advance was contested at all points by\\nburghers swarming the kopjes, and ere the cordon\\ncould be completed to encircle Wepener, the com-\\nmandoes hurriedly retired, hugging close to the\\nBasutoland border. Superior mobility and knowledge\\nof the country enabled the bulk of the Boer forces to\\nget clear by skilful manoeuvres which could not be\\nanticipated by the infantry encumbered with transport.\\nRoberts had formed an advanced base at Karree\\nSiding on the Pretoria railroad. With the southern\\ndistricts clear of the enemy, he gathered in his divi-\\nsions, and with machine-like precision, in an extended\\nline, the centre resting on the railroad, he swept for-\\nward from the siding against the Boer positions on\\nthe Vet River.\\nWith French and the cavalry on the left, Hamil-\\nton, with the Mounted Infantry on the right and the\\n351", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0423.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\n7tli, 11th, and 9th divisions between them, Roberts\\nfront covered twenty-five miles, and after a desultory\\naffair of outposts, the Boers, rather than risk envel-\\nopment, retired.\\nSimilar lines on the Zand and Valsch rivers, where\\nthe Boer intrenchments extended over a front of\\ntwenty miles, were occupied in a like manner, and\\ndespite the elaborate preparations for prolonged\\ndefence, Kroonstad, the second capital, was captured\\non May 12th.\\nA large force of Free Staters, massed north of\\nLadybrand, had threatened the communications, but\\nmasking them with the divisions of Rundle and\\nBrabant, Roberts had boldly pressed on, sustaining\\ntwenty miles a day, maintaining vigorous artillery\\nduels, repairing bridges and culverts destroyed by\\nthe retiring enemy, and so rapidly outflanking them\\nat every point that they were forced to retire after\\nfierce but ineffectual struggles. Numbers told. How\\ndifferent might have been the story of Ladysmith had\\nBuller been allotted sufficient men to assail the enemy\\non their entire front and at the same time envelop\\ntheir flanks\\nRoberts army suffered some hardship, though the\\npersonal magnetism of Bobs soothes complaint, even\\nof men forced to fight on a biscuit per day. But the\\nmatter of supply was very thoroughly solved, and the\\nArmy Service Corps worked stores from the railroad\\nto the flanks and outlying commands in miraculous\\n352", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0424.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "Engagement with Boers on Western Border\\nfashion. To sustain the system, 300 officers, 2,700\\nbakers, butchers, and artificers, 7,000 native drivers,\\n950 horses, 1,500 mules, 25,000 oxen, and 3,000 vehi-\\ncles were constantly employed.\\nDuring the month Buller had slowly swept the\\nBoers from Natal, recapturing Dundee, and forcing\\nthe commandoes into their passes. They held a strong\\nposition on Laing s Nek, the scene of their old victory,\\nbut they were finally outflanked, and after a severe\\nfight, were forced to retire. Clery s Engineers are\\nnow rapidly repairing the tunnel under the Nek.\\nBuller occupies Wakkerstroom, and is in communica-\\ntion with Roberts. With the railroad restored he\\nshould soon be able to advance west and join Roberts.\\nIf he can sustain connections and transport, however,\\nhe will despatch a flying column due north through\\nAmersfoort and Ermelo, 120 miles, to hold the rail-\\nroad to Lorenzo Marques. This difficult movement\\nwill cut the Boers entirely from the outside world.\\nOn May 4th, Hunter and the 10th division engaged\\nthe Boers on the western border. Colonel Mahon,\\nwith a picked force of 1,600 mounted Colonials with\\nfour guns and supplies carried by packmules and\\nlight carts, secretly left Barkly West to relieve\\nMafeking. Making a detour, they passed rapidly\\nnorthward to Kraaipan, where they had a severe but\\nsuccessful fight on the 13th. Continuing well to\\nthe west of the investing commandoes, on the 17th\\nthey joined hands with Colonel Plumer and his plucky\\n23 353", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0425.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nRhodesian command that had suffered severely in\\nprevious attempts to relieve Baden-Powell.\\nMafeking v^as in its last gasp. With little prepar-\\nation it had been forced to withstand one of the\\nlongest sieges in modern history. Many citizens bore\\narms, but with the police and guards the garrison only\\nmustered 1,100. The investing commandoes had been\\nstrongly reinforced after the relief of Ladysmith.\\nPresident Kruger, desirous of capturing at least one\\nBritish garrison, despatched his nephew, Saret Eloff,\\nwith a picked column to carry the town at all haz-\\nards. At 4 A.M., on the 13th, Eloff, with 700\\nburghers, crept up the bed of the Molopo River and\\nsucceeded in forcing a gap through the line of ema-\\nciated defenders. Two forts were rushed and the\\nBoers gained a footing in the town, Eloff shouting\\nto the citizens to surrender or face annihilation.\\nBut Umhlala Panzi was not to be thus surprised.\\nAs the Boers burned the Baralong quarter and occu-\\npied the fortified police barracks, he coolly sent for-\\nward the artillery under Major Panzera, detached by\\ntelephone, squadrons of the Protectorate regiment,\\nthe Rifl.es, and Cape Police from other points in the\\nperimeter, and by a quick movement swept back the\\nBoer supports, and filled in the gap with these troops.\\nAt sunrise the line of defences was intact, with Eloff\\nand his picked force shut inside the town.\\nI have seen Baden-Powell under trying circum-\\nstances, before he had made a great name. He was\\n354", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0426.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "Baden-Powell\\nnever perturbed, and many officers said that if lie sur-\\nvived the West African fever, he would one day be\\nCommander-in-Chief. Tradition has it that the sol-\\ndier spared by those pestiferous regions will survive\\nall subsequent service. It was characteristic of the\\nman to sit down to breakfast when he had cut off his\\nfoe, and send an invitation to Eloff to surrender and\\nbreak biscuit with him.\\nThe young Boer declined the invitation until tea-\\ntime, when, finding that Snyman had abandoned\\nhim to his fate, he surrendered with his party, and\\nBaden-Powell had to provide entertainment for 135\\nuninvited but welcome guests of her Majesty.\\nThe extra mouths to feed tried the commissariat\\nseverely, but on May 16 a sudden cannonade and\\ncommotion in the Boer lines told the hopeless gar-\\nrison that relief had come at last. Mahon and\\nPlumer had a hard fight, but they were finally\\nreinforced by some Canadian artillery, and a squadron\\nof Queenslanders from Carrington s force that had\\nlanded at Beira and was advancing from the north.\\nThe Boers, 6,000 strong, were finally driven from\\nthe western kopjes, and Baden-Powell joined hands\\nwith the relief, his brother, a major of Mahon s\\nstaff, being the first to greet him. The combined\\nforces after a brief rest moved out against Snyman,\\nwho had rallied his forces on the northern kopjes.\\nBut after a second fight, in which the seasoned irreg-\\nulars met the Boers with their own tactics, the Koofd-\\n355", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0427.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nlaager was stormed, the burghers were routed, and\\nSnyman narrowly escaped capture.\\nAfter the fall of Kroonstad President Steyn moved\\nhis capital and defence to Lindley. The Boers\\nwere demoralized, however, 600 Free Staters desert-\\ning and giving up their arms. A gramophone in the\\nhouse of a Scotch Free Stater started to reproduce\\nSousa s band in the Washington Post on the even-\\ning of the 16th. The sound wafted through the\\nopen window was mistaken by some burghers as the\\nmilitary bands of the British in the distance; the\\nalarm was given, and again the forces started to\\nretire.\\nA few of the more resolute manned the trenches,\\nand on the following morning General Hamilton\\ncame up with his division, routed the burghers, and\\nthe unfortunate Steyn has been forced to admit the\\nloss of his State. It was formally annexed to the\\nCrown as the Orange River State on May 28, a very\\nlarge number of the inhabitants celebrating the\\nchange of rule with acclamations, and hope for the\\nfuture.\\nRoberts continued his swift advance north, which\\nparallels Sherman s march from Chattanooga to the\\nsea, exceeding it in distance, equalling it in the\\nnumber of troops on both sides, and the fighting re-\\ntreat of the retiring army. Military critics foretold\\ncertain disaster to Sherman no less an authority than\\nM. Bloch has pointed out the impossibility of the\\n356", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0428.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "British Flag Hoisted over the Rand\\nBritish invasion. But Roberts celebrated the Queen s\\nbirthday by invading the Transvaal, French forcing\\na passage and flanking the Boers on the historic Vaal\\nRiver, where they had prepared for a strenuous\\nresistance.\\nThe young general, Ian Hamilton, now made a bril-\\nliant move. As French forced the river on the west\\nand the Boers massed to meet him, Hamilton s\\nMounted Infantry made a rapid countermarch on the\\neast, occupying Heilbron and threatening the Boer\\nrear. The burghers made a plucky fight, but were\\nforced slowly northwest as Roberts came up with\\nthe main divisions in the centre, crossed the Vaal\\nunopposed, and swept on to Johannesburg.\\nMany of the Doppers had determined to destroy the\\nmines. But Botha, Meyer, and other leaders, learn-\\ning that the British would respect private property,\\nand having large interests at stake, strenuously\\nopposed this measure and during the parley, while\\nHamilton and French were engaged on the west, the\\nBritish appeared before the city, and it was peace-\\nfully surrendered.\\nOn May 31st Lord Roberts entered the city, and at\\n2 p. M. the British flag was formally hoisted over the\\nRand. It was greeted by the frantic cheers of the\\nnondescripts in this Balnibarbi, the foundation of\\nwhich may prove an eventual blessing to South\\nAfrica an evil from which good may come. They\\nalso attempted to sing God save the Queen\\n357", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0429.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nwith the soldiers that a day before they had been\\nreviling.\\nSome old burghers were broken-hearted; two re-\\ntained their cockades and refused to remove their hat;S.\\nHats off shouted certain craven city officials,\\nanxious as the Vicar of Bray to gain favor of the\\nconquerors and they attempted to remove the offend-\\ning headgear. Lord Roberts whispered two words to\\nhis staff officers, who roughly forced the officious\\nrenegades aside and took the now trembling Boers\\nbefore the general. The crowd and they were visi-\\nbly surprised when the old soldier shook them warmly\\nby the hand, inquired where they were from, and\\npromised to arrange for their wives and families to\\ncome into the lines. Both raised their hats when\\nthey left and felt a sudden respect for the rooineks.\\nA wounded Boer artilleryman was hissed by the\\nirresponsible scum, suddenly proclaiming themselves\\npro-British, and when he retaliated, he was roughly\\nhustled. Two officers of the Guards, one a lord,\\ndrove back the crowd. He is the enemy, yelled\\none who knew English. Yes, who fought for his\\ncountry, which you cowards never did, was the\\ncharacteristic reply as the officers handed the gunner\\nover to two soldiers with ten shillings to promote an\\nAnglo-Boer alliance.\\nLeaving the palatial hotels for others, Roberts estab-\\nlished his headquarters in a little inn in the suburbs\\nand while Johannesburg was celebrating its change of\\n358", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0430.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "Sandberg Asks for Armistice\\nmasters in noisy rowdyism, the general-in-chief sat\\nwith the innkeeper s baby-daughter on his knee,\\ngiving her a writing lesson, while another tot strutted\\naround the sanded floor in the field marshal s hat\\nand gloves. Oh that all these English were like\\nthis! soliloquized the Boer handmaiden in the hear-\\ning of a correspondent.\\nThough President Kruger declared that Pretoria\\nwould be defended to the last, Botha was only able\\nto retain enough burghers to fight a rear-guard action\\nto cover the removal of specie, archives, and rolling-\\nstock from the capital.\\nOn June 4th the Boers opened with several guns at\\nlong range as the British crossed Six Mile Spruit, and\\n2,000 burghers fiercely contested the advance from a\\nrow of kopjes commanding the river. The British\\nnaval guns were moved forward so rapidly that the\\nBoer artillery was silenced. The burghers then\\nmoved in between Roberts left and centre, but after\\na hot fight Hamilton in turn outflanked them. French\\nthen swept round to the north of the capital, and\\nthe forces closed in. Outmanoeuvred at all points,\\nthe Boers galloped into the city with their field\\nguns and escaped by train just before the cordon was\\ncompleted.\\nAt midnight Sandberg rode into Roberts head-\\nquarters asking for an armistice and terms of surren-\\nder. He was sent back with a demand of uncondi-\\ntional capitulation. On the following morning the\\n359", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0431.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ncivil officials came out with a flag of truce and for-\\nmally surrendered the town, and at 2 p. m. June 5,\\nthe British flag waved once more over the Transvaal\\ncapital.\\nPrior to the occupation, the last train from Preto-\\nria drew up at Waterval, where the British prisoners\\nwere confined. The soldiers, hearing of Roberts\\napproach, had determined to resist any attempt to\\nremove them but when four unarmed Boer officials\\nordered them to prepare to return to the city, where\\nthey were to be given up, their suspicions were\\nquieted, and 1,000 entered the empty train, which\\nwas run out of the siding and then steamed full-\\nspeed up country. French s approach stopped a\\nfurther removal by this trick, which has enabled\\nKruger to hold an entire regiment as hostage.\\nBoer cannon, arms, and tons of supplies had been\\nmoved to Lydenburg, which is now announced as the\\nTransvaal capital. Here fertile valleys with thou-\\nsands of cattle are enclosed in a series of volcanic\\nramparts and steep passes, which will give the Boers\\na practically impregnable refuge.\\nAt this time it is impossible to gauge the deter-\\nmination of the burghers. Many of the extreme\\nDoppers will probably never accept British rule, but\\nsince Mrs. Kruger, Mrs. Botha, and the wives of the\\nprominent officials have remained in Pretoria, I be-\\nlieve that the withdrawal to Lydenburg is a measure\\nof defence rather than defiance. If the leaders are\\n360", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0432.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "Impossible to Gauge Burghers Detefmination\\nassured that they will not be exiled or sent into cap-\\ntivity, I think that they will shortly surrender.\\nSome of the farmers have decided to trek across\\nBechuanaland into German Southwest Africa. But\\nthe military governor, Major Luetwein, will hardly\\nextend a welcome to them. His predecessor, Major\\nVon Francois, after experiments in Boer emigration,\\nwas forced to exclude them in 1892, and has recently\\nadvised the German government against giving the\\nburghers tracts of grazing land that Teutonic colon-\\nists have been so slow to take up. Both the Witbools\\nand the Herrero tribe have declared that they will\\nfight against the Boers if they trek into their\\ndomains and the German officials feel that while the\\nBoer ideals will do little to develop the country,\\ntheir treatment of the blacks will cause endless wars.\\nThose who speak of transplanting the Boers in the\\nUnited States forget that the burghers then will not\\nonly be under alien rule, but they will lose the privi-\\nlege of Taal as an official language, a concession\\npromised by England to those who remain where they\\nare. The Boers will find more opportunity of retain-\\nmg phases of their nationality in South Africa than in\\nany other country. The United States will hardly\\nalter a constitution to suit a few irreconcilables who\\nhate everything pertaining to the Anglo-Saxon and\\nhis language, and quasi independent alien communi-\\nties are not a valuable adjunct to the republic.\\nThere are many indications that the rising genera\\n361", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0433.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\ntion of Boers will willingly accept the progressive\\nconditions of the new era. Krugerism chiefly affects\\nthe older generation. As Mr. Poultney Bigelow\\naptly puts it, Kruger is merely the outward mani-\\nfestation of a morbid state that has afflicted South\\nAfrica from the Cape to the Zambesi. There are\\ntwo extremes Kruger, the retrograde cattle-herder,\\nand the financial sharks of the Rand. But these\\ncannot control the destiny of South Africa. While\\nthe one extreme attracted thousands of people to the\\ncountry, where they were oppressed by the other,\\nthe removal of that oppression by no means strength-\\nens the hands of the capitalists. But it will enable\\nall nationalities to become assimilated in a common\\ncountry, and a vast self-governing colony or federa-\\ntion will be the result.\\nThe war has surprised but has not yet staggered\\nhumanity. The losses have been rather heavy, and\\nthe cost high. During the first seven months of the\\nwar, to midnight of May 12, 1900, the losses were:\\nKilled in action\\n227 officers\\n2,111 men\\nDied of wounds\\n58\\n513\\nMissing and prisoners (ex-\\ncluding those recovered\\nbefore this date)\\n168\\nli\\n4,291\\nDied of disease\\n75\\n11\\n2,417\\nAccidental deaths\\n1\\ni(\\n54\\nWounded\\n763\\n(I\\n10,063\\nTotal loss\\n1,292 officers\\n19,449 men\\n362", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0434.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "Cost of the War\\nThe operations against Pieter s Hill head the list\\nwith an aggregate loss of 113 officers, 1,782 men.\\nSpion Kop cost 87 officers, 1,646 men. At Cronje s\\ncapture at Paardeberg the losses were 98 officers,\\n1,436 men. Up to May 13, 480 officers and 8,421\\nmen had been invalided to England, some 2, 000 more\\nwere in hospitals in South Africa, and I roughly\\nestimate that the loss covering the occupation of\\nPretoria aggregates 1,200, of which the proportion\\nof killed is not heavy.\\nThe financial cost of the war should be carefully\\ncompared with the expenditure of the Spanish Amer-\\nican and Philippine wars. The supplemented army\\nestimate for the year ending March 31, 1900, cover-\\ning the initial preparations and the first six months\\nof war, the transfers from the Indian Establishment,\\nthe Reserve and Militia, and the Colonial Corps to\\nthe British establishment, until it reached 339,853\\nmen, 155,000 above normal strength, was \u00c2\u00a343,617,200.\\nThis was distributed as follows\\nPay of the army \u00c2\u00a39,909,000\\nMedical establisliment 425,800\\nMilitia (pay, c.) ..._... 1,071,000\\nYeomanry cavalry (pay and allowances) 80,000\\nVolunteer corps 639,200\\nLand and sea transport and purchase\\nof remounts and transport animals 10,690,000\\nProvisions, forage, c 8,325,500\\nClothing 2,240,000\\n363", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0435.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "In South Africa with Buller\\nWarlike and other stores 5,281,000\\nEngineer services 1,461,900\\nWar office, maintenance, staff, cables,\\netc 258,300\\nExtra surplus provided by original\\npeace estimate for the year 3,235,600\\n\u00c2\u00a343,617,200\\nA perusal of these figures will prove that, while\\nthe British soldier has had small cause for complaint,\\nthe interests of the British taxpayer have heen care-\\nfully studied. Certainly in no war in history have\\nmore ample provisions been made for the army.\\nIf the people of the British empire, by legislation,\\nwill curtail the monopolies of financial magnates and\\naid their administrators to as carefully foster the\\ncolonial spirit in South Africa as in other great\\nself-governing colonies, it will be safe to prophesy\\nthat the expenditure of blood and money will prove\\ntrivial for the good accruing.\\nSalus populi suj)rema est lex.\\nTHE END\\n364", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0436.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0437.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0438.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0439.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "JUL 18 1900\\nDeacidified using the Bookkeeper process.\\nNeutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide\\nTreatment Date: June 2003\\nPreservationTechnologies\\nEADER IN PAPER PRESERVA\\n1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive\\nCranberry Township. PA 16066", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0440.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3011", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0441.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nHI III! mil nil III\\n010 592 910 9", "height": "3136", "width": "1938", "jp2-path": "insouthafricawit00musg_0442.jp2"}}