{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2979", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "(\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2S fcV *\\\\*i S.-J iS\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2y\\nL tf", "height": "2859", "width": "2066", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00abfev* i\\n*o?\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2T\u00c2\u00ab A o\\n.1...\\nf\u00c2\u00bb At\\nV V\\n\u00c2\u00bb/\u00c2\u00bb^U O\\na v ,o v c U!^ p.", "height": "2819", "width": "2046", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "OUTLINES OF ENGLISH HISTORY\\nWITH\\nMEMORY FORMULAS.\\nDates Pern\\\\a nerytly Fixed ir| t^e Kir\\\\d Without\\ntfye Use of Figures.\\nBY\\n%EV. H. cJ. VUBOC.\\nKAXSAS CITY, MO.:\\nTiernan-Havens Printing Company\\n1900.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "22524\\n66165\\nCopyright 1900,\\nBy REV. H. A. DUBOC\\nAll rights reserved.\\nLibrary of Congress\\nTwo Copies Received\\nJUL 20 1900\\nCopyright entry\\nJk* 3/fot\\n**.q..mm:......\\nSECOND COPY.\\nDelivered to\\nORDER DIVISION,\\nJUL 21 1900\\nDC^i^", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "To the\\nMembers of my Shakespearean Circle,\\nwhose love of English History has\\nstrengthened my own,\\nand to whose ready wits I am indebted for several\\nof the formulas herein contained,\\nI cordially dedicate this little book as a souvenir\\nof our pleasant labors.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe aim of this booklet is not to impart a full\\nknowledge of English History, but io give the reader a\\nfirm grasp of the essentials the first condition of thor-\\noughness in any branch of knowledge.\\nOur brief narrative is confined to the principal\\nevents of the period, and a marked prominence is given\\nto the distinguishing feature. This serves as a center of\\nunity to connect apparently isolated events and bind\\nthem into one whole. The philosophy of history is thus\\nemphasized, teaching the reader to discover those lurk-\\ning links of cause and effect which pervade all history.\\nThe thoughtful student of this method will find,\\ntoo, that it calls into exercise in an unprecedented degree\\nthe power of association, which may be called the main\\nmuscle of the memory. A logical connection is estab-\\nlished between the dates and the distinguishing feature\\nof each reign by using, instead of figures, numerical con-", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "6 Outlines of English History.\\nsonants that express a meaning in harmony with the\\nsubject. So that the statement of the distinguishing\\nfeature, so well worth learning for its own sake, becomes\\nthe formula that carries the date.\\nTo the superficial and unthinking, any departure\\nfrom the way to which they have long been accustomed\\nseems arbitrary and objectionable. It is only the power\\nof habit, however, that blinds them to the fact that the\\nway they have always used is decidedly arbitrary and\\nmechanical; and that a method which dispenses with\\nfigures has something of the advantages of wireless tele-\\ngraphy, that transmits messages without the use of poles\\nand wires.\\nTen minutes wide-awake attention is sufficient to\\nmaster the Figure x\\\\lphabet. and the student s progress\\nthen becomes easy and rapid. His after-work is almost\\nof the nature of a recreation or pastime. He is soon sur-\\nprised, however, to find the amount of useful knowledge\\ninto which he has been playing his way.\\nIn an incredibly short time he can give the whole\\nline of English Kings from Egbert to Victoria, and state", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 7\\nwith perfect ease and accuracy the date of accession of\\neach sovereign. Think of the definiteness and precision\\nthis gives to his knowledge, instead of the looseness of\\nthat class of scholars who try to believe that names and\\ndates are of little consequence, and that, if students can\\ngrope at the century when kings reigned and events\\noccurred, it is all that ought to be expected of them.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8 Outlines of English History.\\nFIGURE ALPHABET.\\nLearn carefully the numerical value of the letters\\nin the following table\\nt, d, th 1.\\nn i.\\nm 3.\\nr 4.\\n1 5.\\ng (soft), ch, sh 0.\\n(Six shy Jewesses? chose George.)\\nc (hard), g (hard), k, q, ng 7.\\nf, v 8.\\nP,b 9.\\nc (soft), s, z 0.\\nReasons.\\nThe t equals one because its main stroke is like a 1\\nand d and th, being sounded by the same organs, have\\nthe same value. An n, having two strokes, equals 2.\\nThe m, having three strokes, equals 3. The r, being the\\nletter that most resembles a 4, has the value of 4. The 1,\\nbeing used in Roman Notation for fifty, which is a mul-\\ntiple of five, stands for 5. No special reason in the\\nnature of things being given why the aspirated set, g, j,", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. l)\\nch and sh, should stand for 6, the key sentence, Six shy\\nJewesses chose George/ 5 in which the first consonants\\nof the words are the equivalents of 6, will act as a\\nmemento. Equally arbitrary is the selection of the pala-\\ntals as equivalents of 7; viz.: c (hard), g (hard), k, q\\nand ng. As f is in shape an elongated 8. it has the value\\nof 8; and v, being sounded by the same organs, also\\nstands for 8. As p and b both have the shape of a 9,\\nonly turned in a different position, they have the value\\nof 9. C (soft), being the first letter of the word cipher,\\nand z of zero, they have the value of 0; and so has s,\\nwhich has the same sound as c (soft).\\nCautions.\\n1. Silent consonants do not count.\\n2. Double consonants, sounded only once, count on-\\nly once, like 11 in till.\\n3. A combination of consonants having the sound\\nof another letter, has the value of that letter; as gh in\\ntough, which has the value of f, that is 8.\\n4. The vowels have no numerical value, nor have\\nthe consonants not contained in the table. These letters\\nmay be used freely to help make up words.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10 Outlines of English History.\\nExplanation of Formulas.\\nThe letters of the Figure Alphabet are combined in-\\nto words or phrases that express as nearly as possible the\\nmeaning of the event to be remembered. At the same\\ntime the numerical consonants contained in them express\\nthe date of the event. So the date becomes as easy to\\nremember as the event itself.\\nFor example, the formula for the obtaining of the\\nMagna Charta by the Barons from King John is\\nThey won the /aw, 1215.\\nThe burning of Joan of Arc.\\nTheir maid, 1431.\\nThis is what is called a formula of the first kind., in\\nwhich every numerical consonant is counted. When,\\nhowever, it is not easy to make satisfactory sense in this\\nway, a formula of the second kind may be made, in\\nwhich only the first numerical consonant of each word\\nis counted. As, for example, the one used to express the\\ndate of the massacre of St. Bartholomew:\\nThe Zawless killing wight, 1572.\\nThis latter kind of formula can easily be distin-\\nguished from the former by its containing a greater", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 11\\nnumber of consonants than the figures in the date to be\\nexpressed.\\nThe following are additional examples\\nThe Battle of Marathon, touted Persian Host,\\n490 B. C.\\nThe accession of Charlemagne, King C7iarle-\\nmagne /Nourished, 768.\\nThe birth of Luther, The reforming i^riar\\nMartin, 1483.\\nThe beheading of Sir Thomas Moore, The\\nZearned Moore lamented, 1535.\\nThe birth of Shakespeare, The WiWiam Shake-\\nspeare Yea/-, 1564.\\nThe defeat of the Spanish Armada, The long\\nfleet /oiled, 1588.\\nThe settlement of Jamestown, The Jamestown\\nsettlement commenced, 1607.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "ENGLISH HISTORY.\\nBritain Under the Romans.\\nCaesar invades Britain B. C. 55. Lawless Zanding.\\nJulius Agricola permanently establishes Roman\\ndominion in the island, A. D. 85. First ?asting.\\nThe Romans assist the Britons for the last time\\nagainst the Piets and Scots and withdraw from the\\nisland, 418. JBomans depart finally.\\nThe Saxons under Hengist and Horsa land at\\nThanet, 449. ifoving. romping people.\\nAugustine sent by Gregory to Britain to introduce\\nChristianity, converts Ethelbert, King of Kent, 597.\\nLatin Apostle comes.\\nBritain Under the Saxons.\\nEgbert (827, First united England). The son of\\nAlkmund, King of Kent. He aspired to the crown of\\nWessex, but Beortric was preferred. Egbert tried to\\nsecure the influence of OfT a, King of Mercia, in kis\\nfavor, but that king gave his daughter in marriage i i", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14 Outlines of English History.\\nhis rival. Feeling henceforth unsafe in Britain, he went\\nto the Court of Charlemagne, and was for thirteen years\\na faithful student of that great man s military tactics\\nand mode of administration. Tn the year 800, the same\\nyear in which Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the\\nWest, the throne of Wessex was made vacant by the mur-\\nder of Beortric. Egbert repaired thither and was elected\\nking. After a successful reign of twenty-seven years in\\nhis own kingdom, he conquered the other states of the\\nHeptarchy, Kent, Sussex, Essex, East Anglia, Xorth-\\numbria and Mercia, and united them under one govern-\\nment in 827, thus becoming the first king of united\\nEngland.\\nEthel wolf (836, Four male children). The son and\\nsuccessor of Egbert, a weak and unkingly sovereign, is\\nto be distinguished from all other English kings as hav-\\ning been the only one who had four reigning sons.\\nEthelbald and Ethelbert (858, Fall off) The reign\\nof this king lasted only two years, so he may be remem-\\nbered by the formula, fall off, that is, dropped away.\\nEthelbert (860, Few shows). The uneventful reign\\nof Ethelbert may be rememberd by the expression which\\nindicates that there were few goings on.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 15\\nEthelred (866, Fetch joy). The short and troubled\\nreign of Ethelred was of greater importance as the pre-\\ncursor of that of the greatest and best of English kings,\\nAlfred, and thus brought joy to the nation.\\nAlfred (871, First good education). Alfred being\\nthe first scholarly king may be remembered by this for-\\nmula. He was much more than a, scholar, however. He\\npossessed great military genius, a remarkable adminis-\\ntrative ability, and, above all, a love for his subjects that\\nmade him ever seek what was for their good. He was\\nonly twenty-two years of age when he became king. The\\ncountry was overrun by the Panes, or Northmen. The\\nlast king, his brother Ethelred. had lost his life in con-\\nflict with them. Though Alfred had more taste for let-\\nters than for arms, he showed in his numerous engage-\\nments with the enemy a military skill and courage\\nworthy of a great soldier. When, overwhelmed by super-\\nior numbers, the kingdom seemed on the brink of ruin,\\nhe displayed remarkable fortitude. He finally overcame\\nthe Danes, converted their leader, Guthrum, and a large\\nbody of his followers and allowed them to form a Danish\\nstate within his kingdom, called the Danelag. Near the\\nclose of his reign, a formidable leader, Hastings, came", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16 Outlines of English History.\\nfrom France with a powerful fleet. A long war ensuec\\nin which Alfred was victorious. Shortly after he died\\nafter a glorious reign of nearly thirty years. His bril\\nliant achievements in letters, in war, and in civil admin\\ni stratum, and the virtues he displayed in all the circum\\nstances of life, won for him the title of Alfred the Great\\nEdward the Elder (901, Britain is taken). This\\nmonarch possessed much of the energy and military\\ntalents of his father, but without his genius for scienc\\nand literature. He was the first king of the Wes\\nSaxons whose sway extended over all Britain. Henc\\nthe above formula.\\nAthelstan (9,25,* By new law) was the son and sue\\ncessor of Edward the Elder. He was a successful war\\nrior and administrator, but perhaps the most distin\\nguishing peculiarity of this king was the enactment o:\\na law that any merchant who bad made three long se*\\nvoyages on his own account should be admitted to th\\nrank of thane, or gentleman.\\nEdmund (940, By robber s sword) was a brother o\\nAthelstan. He was stabbed by a notorious robber win\\nhad intruded at a feast in his palace.\\nEdred (946, Perish), a brother of Edmund, is to b", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 17\\nremembered as the one who finally destroyed the Dane-\\nlag. After subduing the Danes in Northumbria, he ap-\\npointed an English governor over it and placed garrisons\\nin its principal towns.\\nEdwy (955, By Elgiva s love) was the son of Ed-\\nmund. His was a short and troubled reign. His ardent\\nlove for Elgiva was the cause of his misfortunes and\\nfinally of his death, she being spitefully murdered by his\\nenemies and he dying of grief in consequence.\\nEdgar (959, By long peace) was the brother of\\nEdw}^ and the first Anglo-Saxon king whose reign was\\nwholly peaceful.\\nEdward the Martyr (975, By call) was the son of\\nEdgar, and only fifteen years of age when called to the\\nthrone. When calling on his stepmother, Elfrida, he\\nwas stabbed at her instigation while drinking a cup of\\nwine that she offered him.\\nEthelred II (978, By cruel favor) was a half-\\nbrother of the preceding king, and though only a child,\\nbecame king through the wicked partiality of his mother.\\nThis reign was a very unhappy one. The king was noted\\nfor weakness and incapacity and was well named Ethel-\\nred the Unreadv. that is without rede or counsel. When", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18 Outlines of English History.\\nthe Danes commenced their invasions he resorted to buy-\\ning them off with large sums of money. This money he\\nsecured by levying a tax on his subjects called the Dan-\\ngeld or Dane-money. To strengthen his influence he\\nmade an alliance with Kichard II, Duke of Normandy,\\nand married his daughter, Emma. As the Danes, how-\\never, continued iheir hostilities, Ethelred, feeling his\\ninability to meet them in open warfare, ordered a general\\nmassacre of the Danes on the festival of St. Brice (Nov.\\n13, 1002, Does sin). Sweyn returned with a powerful\\narmy and Ethelred was about to be captured when he\\ndied.\\nEdmund Ironside (1016, Does dash) was the son of\\nthe preceding king, but very unlike him in character. A\\nbold and daring warrior as his surname implies, he may\\nwell be remembered by the accompanying formula. He\\nreigned but a few months, being murdered through the\\ncontrivance of Edric, Duke of Mercia.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 19\\nDanish Kings.\\nCanute (1016, Does display justice) was the\\nfirst Danish King of England. He obtained the crown\\nby violence and bloodshed, but when his sovereignty was\\nfully established, a radical change seemed to come over\\nhim. He repented of his former wrongs. He ruled with\\nmildness and justice. He showed personal humility, and\\nexerted himself to check wrongdoing and injustice in\\nothers.\\nHarold Harefoot (1035, Does aim low), an illegiti-\\nmate son of Canute, was the only claimant in the coun-\\ntry at the time of his father s death. The great nobles\\nwere divided as to the choice of a successor to the Danish\\nking. Some of them would have preferred the sons of\\ntheir old Anglo-Saxon king, Ethelred. One of these,\\nAlfred, was put to death by order of Harold. Ethel-\\nworth, the Archbishop of Canterbury, refused to conse-\\ncrate Harold on account of his infamous life. The other\\nclaimants, however, being all out of the country, Harold\\nwas, after considerable opposition, recognized as king of\\nWhen a century word like does is used it may be treated as a\\nseparate formula; and, to express the years, a formula either of the first or\\nthe second kind may be used, as will best express the meaning intended.\\nSo does is a formula of the first kind, and display justice, one of the\\nsecond.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20 Outlines of English History.\\nall England. He was very unkingly in his aims. His\\nagility in running was the personal characteristic that\\nimpressed itself most forcibly on posterity.\\nHardicanute (1040, Does raise) was the son of\\nCanute and Emma. He was surnamed Hardicanute on\\naccount of his robust constitution, which, however, broke\\ndown under his excesses two years after his accession.\\nEnraged at Harold for the murder of his half-brother,\\nAlfred, he caused the body to be exhumed and beheaded\\nand cast into a fen. The formula refers to this act of\\nrevenge.\\nEdward the Confessor (1042, Does renew). On the\\ndeath of Hardicanute, the English gladly seized the\\nopportunity to throw off the Danish yoke and to restore\\nthe Saxon dynasty. So they elected as their king, Ed-\\nward, son of Ethel red II and of Emma and half-brother\\nof Edmund Ironside. He married Edith, Earl Godwin s\\ndaughter. His reign was prosperous and peaceful, not\\non account of any great ability displayed by the mon-\\narch, but because of the circumstances of the times\\nthe Danes having ceased their incursions and the Welch\\nbeing subdued by the energy and talent of Godwin and\\nof his son Harold. Edward was canonized by the Pope", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 21\\nand surnamed The Confessor. He was the last king of\\nthe royal line of the Saxons, though not the last Saxon\\nking, since Harold, a Saxon nobleman, succeeded him.\\nHarold II (1066, Does show jealousy). As the only\\nsurviving heir of the royal line, Edgar Atheling was\\nconsidered too young to occupy the throne Harold, son\\nof Earl Godwin, was elected king. William, Duke of\\nNormandy, claimed that the crown had been promised to\\nhim by his cousin, Edward the Confessor, and that his\\npromise had been ratified under oath by Harold himself.\\nWilliam was therefore very indignant when he heard of\\nthe election of Harold as king. He sailed for England\\nwith a large and splendidly equipped army. A great\\nand decisive battle was fought at Senlac, near Hastings,\\ncommonly known as the battle of Hastings. Harold\\nand his men were in a favorable position on a hill pro-\\ntected by a stockade which enabled them to withstand\\nthe impetuous onsets of the Normans. For six hours\\nthe battle had raged, both armies displaying the utmost\\nskill and bravery, yet neither seeming to gain any\\nmaterial advantage. At last William ordered his men\\nto feign flight. The Saxons leaving their commanding\\nposition broke ranks and pursued. The Norman cavalry", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 Outlines of English History.\\nquickly wheeled around and slaughtered them and then\\nan arrow-flight decided the day. Harold fell pierced in\\nthe eye with an arrow. His two brothers were also\\namong the slain. The Saxons fled leaving the Normans\\nin possession of the field and of the kingdom.\\nConnecting Links.\\nIn a number of instances the formula does more\\nthan give the distinguishing feature of the reign together\\nwith the date of accession. It also contains a lurking\\nlink by which it can be coupled with the name of the\\nmonarch, so as to prevent the possibility of its being\\nassociated with the wrong king. A little practice in ob-\\nserving these latent relations will enable the thoughtful\\nreader to develop other connecting links besides here\\npointed out.\\nTake for example the formula Fall off used for\\nEthelbald. Its main use is to indicate the shortness of\\nhis reign and the date of accession. But the expression\\nmay be thought of in another sense which will associate\\nit inseparably with the name of Ethelbald and his alone.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 23\\nPlaying upon the last syllable of the name, bald, the\\nformula may be thought of as referring to the falling\\noff of the hair, which makes one bald.\\nIn the case of Ethelstan, observe that the last con-\\nsonant of the name, n. is also the first of the main\\nword of the formula, new.\\nSo with Edmund. The last consonant of the name,\\nd, is also the last of the formula.\\nIn the case of Edred, while the main use of the\\nformula, Perish, is to indicate the destruction of the\\nDanelag, it can be connected with the king s name.\\nSeparating the last syllable, dred, and playing upon\\nit, it suggests the dread of perishing.\\nAs to the case of Edwy, remember that Edwin is\\nanother form of the same name. Separate and play\\nupon the last syllable, and how easy it corelates with the\\nname of his queen, win Elgiva.\\nXotice in the case of Edmund Ironside, the promi-\\nnence of d as the last consonant of the name and sur-\\nname, and the first of each word of the formula.\\nIt may also be observed that in the case of Canute,\\nthe only name so far ending in e has also a formula\\nending in e. And so has Hardicanute.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "2-i Outlines of English History.\\nGenealogical Table.\\nEgbert.\\nEthelwolf.\\nEthelbald. Ethelbert. Ethelred. Alfred.\\nEdward the Elder.\\nAthelstan. Edmund. Edred.\\nEdwy. Edgar.\\nEdward the Martyr. Ethelred II.\\nEdmund Ironside. Edward the Confessor.\\nObserve that the first three sons of Ethel wolf\\nreigned in alphabetical order, Ethelbald, Ethelbert,\\nEthelred, and that Alfred was the last and youngest.\\nObserve, too, that the first king, Egbert, had only\\none reigning son, but his son had four. Also that Alfred\\nhad only one, but his son had three, and that after this\\nevery king had two reigning sons.\\nObserve, further, that where there were three reign-\\ning sons, it was never the first, or oldest, who transmitted\\nthe succession.\\nFixing these facts in mind will greatly help to\\nretain permanently the genealogical table.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History.\\n25\\nKINGS OF ENGLAND.\\nSaxons and Danes.\\nEgbert 827. First united England.\\nEthelwolf 836. Four male children.\\nEthelbald 858. Fall off.\\nEthelbert 860. Few shows.\\nEthelred I 866. Fetch joy.\\nAlfred 871. First good education.\\nEdward the Elder 901. Britain is taken.\\nAthelstan 925. By new law.\\nEdmund 940. By robbers sword.\\nEdred 946. Perish.\\nEdwy 955. By Elgiva s love.\\nEdgar 959. By long peace.\\nEdward theMartyr 975. By call.\\nEthelred II 978. By cruel favor.\\nEdmund Ironside 1016. Does dash.\\nDanish Kings.\\nCanute 1016. Does display justice.\\nHarold Harefoot 1035. Does aim low.\\nHardicanute 1040. Does raise.\\nSaxon Kings Restored.\\nEdward the\\nConfessor 1042. Does renew.\\nHarold II 1066. Does show jealousy.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26 Outlines of English History.\\nTHE NORMAN KINGS.\\nWilliam the Conqueror (1066, Does show genius).\\nIf ever there was a man whose personality impressed\\nitself on the history of a nation, that was the one who\\nconquered Engand in 1066, and whose successor sits to-\\nday upon its throne. The originality of his genius\\nshowed itself not only in the military tactics by which\\nhe won at Hastings and in his subsequent engagements\\nwith the Saxons and the Danes, but also in the measures\\nhe adopted for the government of the country, by which\\nhe managed to strengthen and perpetuate his power.\\nIn William the wild passions of the Northmen mingled\\nstrangely with the cool temper of the modern states-\\nman. He had the instinct of government. Even\\nthose who suffered from his tyranny could not forget\\nthe peace he secured for the realm, so that a man\\nmight walk through the country unmolested with his\\nbosom full of gold. His greatness showed itself very\\nlargely in the system of government he adopted. The\\nfeudal system he established enabled him to raise an\\narmy promptly for any emergency that might arise.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 27\\nBut that system was dangerous to the crown as well as\\nto the conquered people. So he scattered the large\\nestates over the country in such a way as to prevent a\\ncombination of the great land owners, or the personal\\nattachment of large areas of population to a single lord.\\nThen he took care that every under-tenant should be\\nbound to the crown as well as to his lord by the kind of\\noath of allegiance he imposed. He retained, too, in\\nhis hands the whole judicial power of the realm. The\\nfinancial power was also his. The Dooms Day Book fur-\\nnished him with a record of all taxable property. This\\ngave him a basis for levying a tax upon his\\npeople. Another check upon the power of his barons he\\nfound in the organization of the church. He was practi-\\ncally the supreme head of the church. Homage was\\nrequired from bishop as well as from baron. He re-\\nmoved Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and ap-\\npointed Lanfranc in his place. And the new archbish-\\nop helped him largely to restore discipline in the\\nchurch. So the support of the church was one of the\\nagencies by which this remarkable man was enabled to\\nretain the power which he had won by the sword.\\nHis death was quite sudden and unexpected. As", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 Outlines of English History.\\nhe was riding over the embers of the city of Mants,\\nwhich he had given to the flames, his horse stumbled;\\nhe fell, and receiving mortal injuries, was carried to\\nRouen to die.\\nWilliam Eufus (1087, Does fleece Canterbury),\\nthe second son of the Conqueror, in accordance with\\nwishes of his father, was crowned King of England,\\nwhile his elder brother, Robert, inherited the Dukedom\\nof Normandy. The new king had the brutality of the\\nNorthman without his father s genius for war or govern-\\nment. Shortly after his succession a rebellion of his\\nnobles in favor of Robert gave him a reason to invade\\nNormandy, his brother s dominions. An accommoda-\\ntion was entered into between the brothers. Soon after,\\nRobert, desirous of engaging in the first crusade, mort-\\ngaged to William his Dutchy for five years, receiving\\ntherefor a large sum. Shortly before sailing for Nor-\\nmandy to take possession, William was found dead, hav-\\ning been accidently shot with an arrow in the New\\nForest. His character was marked by despotism, rapa-\\ncity and debauchery. The formula refers to his outrage-\\nous plunder of the church. He purposely left bishop-\\nrics vacant to appropriate their revenues; and when", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 29\\nLanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, died, he failed to\\nappoint a successor, and seized upon the revenues of\\nCanterbury.\\nHenry I (1100, Did seize). When he heard of his\\nbrother s death, Henry hastened to Winchester, obtained\\npossession of the royal treasures and secured the crown,\\nnotwithstanding the just claims of his elder brother,\\nRobert. He published a charter of liberties, promised\\nto restore the laws of Edward the Confessor, and still\\nfurther, to gain the good-will of his Anglo-Saxon sub-\\njects, married Matilda, the niece of Edgar Etheling.\\nThis caused great rejoicing among the people, to see an\\nEnglish sovereign, for the first time since the Norman\\nConquest, sit on the throne of England. The misgovern-\\nment of Robert furnished Henry with a pretext to in-\\nvade Normandy. Robert was taken prisoner and spent\\nthe last twenty-eight years of his life in a prison in\\nWales. Henry s only son, William, having perished by\\nshipwreck, the king was without an heir. He made the\\nbarons swear allegiance to his daughter, Matilda.\\nStephen (1135, Did maintain lawlessness). Not-\\nwithstanding the better title to the throne of Matilda,\\nthe king s daughter, and of the oath of the barons in", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30 Outlines of English History.\\nher favor, Stephen found little difficulty in obtaining\\nthe crown. He was a grandson of the Conqueror and\\nnephew to the late king and son of the Count of Blois.\\nHe was personally popular among the lower classes, and\\nhaving secured possession of the royal treasures, he was\\nable to hire foreign soldiers who helped him to obtain\\nthe crown. Feeling his imperfect title to the throne, he\\nwas obliged to make concessions to his subjects which\\nproved a source of great disasters, so that his reign was\\na calamity to the nation. He allowed the nobles to\\nbuild and fortify castles. The land became dotted with\\nthem. They proved robber-holds, in which a petty ty-\\nrant ruled like a king. All persons who were supposed\\nto have property were flung into dungeons and tortured\\ntill they gave up their wealth. Historians agree that\\nthe reign of Stephen was the most wretched in the his-\\ntory of the nation, being marked by more lawlessness,\\ncruelties and bloodshed than any before or since; not\\non account of any particularly cruel character in the\\nsovereign, but simply because, with his imperfect title\\nto the crown, he never felt strong enough to hold his\\nbarons in check. Matilda asserted her claim to the\\nthrone and warred against him. At last Stephen, weary", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 31\\nof the struggle, and having lost his son, consented to\\nrecognize Henry, the son of Matilda, as heir to the\\ncrown. Shortly after this he died and Henry succeeded\\nhim.\\nGenealogical Table.\\nWilliam the Conqueror-.\\nRobert. Richard. William Rufus, Henry I*. Adelia.\\nStephen.\\nMatilda.\\nHenry II (Plantagenet).\\nThe Normans.\\nWilliam the\\nConqueror ....1066. Does show genius.\\nWilliam Rufus ..1087. Does fleece Canterbury.\\nHenry I .1100. Did seize.\\nStephen 1135. Did maintain lawlessness.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32 Outlines of English History.\\nTHE PLANTAGENETS.\\nHenry II (1154, Did long repent) was the first\\nPlantagenet king of England. His French possessions\\nwere greater than those of the French king. Only in\\nhis twenty-first year when he ascended the throne, he\\napplied himself with great vigor and resolution to the\\nwork of government. He banished the foreign merce-\\nnaries which had long infested the country, and com-\\npelled the nobles to dismantle their fortresses which had\\nenabled them to inflict so many cruelties upon the peo-\\nple. He then sought to bring the ecclesiastical power\\nin subjection to that of the crown. To carry this into\\neffect he chose as his instrument Thomas a Becket,\\nwhom he had previously made Chancellor, and ap-\\npointed him Archbishop of Canterbury. The king was,\\nhowever, greatly disappointed in Becket s course, as he\\nthrew all the energy of his imperious temper in assert-\\ning the ecclesiastical power and prerogatives against\\nthe crown. After a severe contest with Becket, the king,\\nin a moment of impatience, expressed a wish that some\\nof his friends might rid him of his persistent antagonist.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 33\\nThereupon four knights went to his cathedral and\\nstabbed him at the altar. This deed, however, defeated\\nthe end it was designed to accomplish, so great was the\\ngeneral sympathy expressed for the murdered prelate.\\nHenry deeply repented of his unguarded expression, and\\nhumbled himself for several years to atone for it, going\\nbarefoot on a pilgrimage to the tomb of the canonized\\nmartyr.\\nAn important event of this reign was the conquest\\nof Ireland in 1172. (What, taken\\nThe later 3 ears of Henry s reign were clouded by\\nthe rebellion of his sons. When the king learned that\\nhis favorite son, John, was in league with his disloyal\\nsons he sank broken-hearted into the grave.\\nRichard I, The Lion-hearted, (1189, Did visit Pales-\\ntine), third son of Henry and Eleabor of Aquitaine, was\\nmuch more prominent as a knight and a crusader than\\nas king of England. He did not speak Saxon and never\\nspent but very little time in England. He spent a few\\nmonths in arranging the affairs of the kingdom and\\nthen set out with the king of France, Philip Augustus,\\non the third crusade, of which he proved an able cham-\\npion. After many battles with the renowned Saladin,\\n-3", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "3-L Outlines of English History.\\nhe succeeded in taking Asealon. He Avas, however, un-\\nable to capture Jerusalem, obtaining only a sight of the\\ncity, when he was forced to return by famine and hard-\\nships. On his return through Germany he was arrested\\nby the Duke of Austria, to whom he had given offense\\nin Palestine, and was delivered to the Emperor, who\\nkept him in confinement until ransomed by his loyal\\nsubjects. Richard, however, cared little for his English\\nsubjects, and considered England merely a source of\\nsupplies for his expensive and fruitless wars. The death\\nof Richard was caused by an arrow shot from the castle\\nof a rebellious vassal which he was besieging. His char-\\nacter was very romantic and his people, though op-\\npressed by his taxes, were proud of his fame. He was\\nfond of music and poetry, and won a reputation among\\nthe Troubadours, or poets of the time.\\nJohn (Lackland, 1199, Did bow prerogative), the\\nfourth son of Henry II, succeeded his brother Richard,\\nalthough Arthur, son of an older brother, Geoffrey, was\\nthe rightful heir. John was one of the worst and mean-\\nest kings that ever reigned, his character being a combi-\\nnation of falsehood, cowardice, tyranny and licentious-\\nness. Scarcelv can the historian find in him one", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 35\\nredeeming trait. He murdered his nephew, Arthur,\\nprobably with his own hand, and kept Arthur s sister,\\nEleanor, in prison till she died. He was involved in a\\ncontroversy with the Roman Pontiff, Innocent III, con-\\ncerning the appointment to the vacant seat of Canter-\\nbury. The Pope excommunicated and deposed John,\\nlaid an interdict on England, and let loose the armies of\\nFrance upon the king. John, finding but little support\\nfrom his own people, was compelled to yield and became\\na vassal of the Pope, greatly to the disgust of the Eng-\\nlish. The indignation excited by this humiliating step\\ncaused a rising of his barons against him, and he was\\ncompelled to sign the Magna Charta, the great charter\\nof English liberties. John, however, afterward\\nrepudiated this charter and made war against the\\nbarons. In .the midst of the struggle he died, after a\\nreign of seventeen years, detested by all his people.\\nHenry III (1216, The new dodge). Eldest son\\nof John. His minority at his accession and the great\\npower acquired by the barons during the reign of King\\nJohn, helped to cripple his authority. His irresolute\\nand vacillating character and his efforts to evade the\\ncharter were the distinguishing features of this reign.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "36 Outlines of English History.\\nHence the above formula. Under the leadership of\\nSimon de Mont forte of Leicester (Lester), the barons\\nsought to take the government into their own hands.\\nHenry was compelled to yield, he and his son, Edward,\\nbeing taken prisoners. The whole power of the realm\\nwas thrown into the hands of Leicester, who, to strength-\\nen his influence, summoned Parliament, giving seats in\\nit not only to the barons and knights but also to the\\nrepresentatives of the boroughs, or towns. This is con-\\nsidered as the origin of the House of Commons, which\\nin after times, became so important a branch of govern-\\nment and the chief bulwark of the liberties of the Eng-\\nlish people. After a while, however, the people began\\nto tire of the illegitimate authority of Leicester and of\\nhis growing haughtiness. With the help of Prince Ed-\\nward, who had escaped from confinement, his forces\\nwere defeated at the battle of Evesham, and Leicester\\nand his son were among the slain, and Henry s authority\\nwas re-established. He died after a long but weak reign\\nof fifty-six years.\\nEdward I (1272, The new king national). Al-\\nthough Edward had not returned from Palestine when\\nhis father died, he was immediately proclaimed king", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 37\\nby the English people. The distinguishing feature of\\nthis king and of his reign was his oneness with the\\ncharacter of his people. His temper was thoroughly\\nEnglish. So he was in the truest sense a national king.\\nHe ratified the Magna Charta, created his son first\\nPrince of Wales, and in honor of the useful laws he en-\\nacted, won the name of the English Justinian. He\\ncalled a Parliament to which he directed that the repre-\\nsentatives of the boroughs should be summoned. He\\nalso was the king under whom the principle so important\\nin the English constitution was recognized, that no\\ntaxes can be lawfully imposed without the consent of\\nParliament. During this reign great advances were\\nmade in literature, social science and general civilization.\\nEdward II (1307, They may assassinate king).\\nThe weakness of this king formed a sad contrast with\\nhis father s self-reliance, force of character and applica-\\ntion to business. He surrendered himself wholly to the\\ninfluence of foreign favorites, who made him lose the\\nconfidence and respect of his people. His first official\\nact was to disobey his father s solemn injunction not to\\nwithdraw his forces from Scotland. This enabled Rob-\\nert Bruce to recover from the English the fortresses they", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "38 Outlines of English History.\\nhad taken and to re-establish the freedom of his coun-\\ntry. Edward meanwhile was giving himself up to the\\ninfluence of his frivolous favorite, Piers Gaveston, the\\nson of a Gascon knight, who was very unpopular with\\nthe English. Twice compelled to banish him, he as\\noften recalled him. Finally the nobles rose against the\\nfavorite, and summarily beheaded him without the form\\nof a trial. But it was not long before the king was\\nunder the influence of another unworthy and unpopular\\nfavorite, DeSpenser. The Scots, not content with de-\\nfending their own country, began to overrun English\\nterritory. Edward marched against them with an im-\\nmense army of 100,000 men, but was disgracefully de-\\nfeated at Bannockburn by a force of 30,000 under Rob-\\nert Bruce, the king narrowly escaping capture. Edward\\n\\\\vas deserted by his wife, Isabella, who went to France\\nwhere her brother, Charles IV, helped her with men and\\nmeans to take the government into her own hands. A\\nParliament was called that deposed Edward. He was\\nkept a prisoner and soon after, by order of the queen s\\nfavorite, Roger Mortimer, was assassinated in the prison.\\nEdward III (1327, They may now conquer), eldest\\nson of Edward II, was only fourteen years of age at the", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 39\\ntime of his father s death. During his minority the\\nroyal power was exercised by the queen s mother and\\nRoger Mortimer. The next year Edward married Phil-\\nlippa of Hainault. In 1330 Mortimer was arrested by\\norder of the young king, tried by Parliament and exe-\\ncuted. Thereupon Edward assumed the royal power.\\nlie possessed much energy and military genius. He re-\\nnewed the war with Scotland and won the great battle\\nof Halidown by which Scotland was again made subject\\nto England. The next object of Edward s military\\nambition was to obtain the crown of France. As the\\nFrench king, Charles IV, had died without heirs, the\\nnation had placed his cousin, Philip, on the throne.\\nEdward through his mother was a more direct descend-\\nant, and would have had a superior title had it not been\\nfor the Salic law, that is, the law of the Salian Franks,\\nby which females can neither inherit nor transmit the\\ncrown. In spite of this Edward allowed himself to be\\npersuaded to assert his claims, and thus entered upon a\\nlong war, commonly called THE HUNDRED YEARS\\nWAR which proved very disastrous to France, and did\\nEngland very little good besides gratifying the military\\nambition of some of her kings and draining the blood\\nand treasure of her people.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "40 Outlines of English History.\\nRichard II (1377, They may kill king), son of the\\nBlack Prince and grandson of Edward III. At the be-\\nginning of his reign he showed some ability and vigor,\\nbut soon lost his energy and surrendered himself to the\\ninfluence of favorites. He quarreled with several of the\\nprominent nobles, specially with Henry of Lancaster,\\nand seized upon his estate. Henry made war against\\nthe king, taking him prisoner and receiving his abdica-\\ntion. He was himself crowned as King Henry IV, the\\nfirst of the Lancastrian line. Later, a movement having\\nbeen made to restore the dethroned monarch, Richard\\nwas killed in the prison.\\nGenealogical Table.\\nHenry II.\\nWilliam. Henry. Richard. Geoffrey. John.\\nPrince Arthur.\\nHenry III.\\nEdward I.\\nEdward II.\\nEdward III.\\nEdward. William. Lionel. John of Gaunt.\\nThe Black Prince) (Duke of Lancaster.)\\ndied 1335. Phillippa.\\nRichard II. Henry IV.\\nRoger Mortimer.\\nEdmund Mortimer.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 41\\nThe Plantagenets.\\nHenry II 1154. Did long repent.\\nRichard I 1189. Did visit Palestine\\nJohn 1199. Did bow prerogative.\\nHenry III 1216. The new dodge.\\nEdward I 1272. The new king national.\\nEdward II 1307. They may assassinate king\\nEdward III 1327. They may now conquer.\\nRichard II 1377. They may kill king", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "42 Outlines of English History.\\nHOUSES OF LANCASTER AND YORK.\\nHenry IV (1399, They may pay penalty), the first\\nLancastrian king, son of John of Gaunt, the fourth son\\nof Edward III. The rightful heir was Edmund Morti-\\nmer, Earl of March, the great grandson of Lionel, the\\nthird son of Edward III. Some time after the accession\\nof Henry a conspiracy was made to restore Eichard to\\nthe throne. It ended in failure and those concerned in\\nit were executed. This was doubtless what led to the\\nmurder of the deposed king. Henry feeling his imper-\\nfect title to the throne was anxious to secure the influ-\\nence of the church in his favor. So to protect the\\nchurch against heresy he entered upon a course of per-\\nsecution of the Lollards, or followers of Wickliffe. It\\nwas under him that the first Englishman was put to\\ndeath on account of his religious opinions. This reign\\nwas also noted for frequent conspiracies followed by the\\nexecution of their leaders. A conspiracy was started by\\nHarry Percy, son of the Earl of Northumberland, sur-\\nnamed Hotspur, to put Edmund Mortimer on the\\nthrone. But the rebels were defeated at the battle of", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Outline^ of English History. 43\\nShewsbury, 1403. Two years later another such attempt\\nwas made, and the Archbishop of York, Richard Scrope,\\nwho had taken part in it. was executed. So that the\\nsevere retributions suffered by heretics and rebels formed\\nperhaps the most distinguishing feature of this reign\\nas expressed in the formula for the accession of this\\nking.\\nHenry Y (1413, The royal disturber marches),\\ninheriting his father s weak title to the throne, contin-\\nued his policy of ingratiating himself with the church\\nby persecuting the Lollards and caused their leader,\\nLord Cobham, with many others to be condemned and\\nexecuted. Another way in which he strove to strengthen\\nhis hold upon the throne was by winning military\\nrenown. So he renewed the HUNDRED YEARS WAR\\nwith France which had been begun by Edward III,\\nprosecuting it with great vigor and ability and winning\\nthe memorable battles of Harfleur and Agincourf. He\\nwrested from the imbecile king, Charles YI, a recog-\\nnition of his absurd claim to the crown of France. But\\nbefore he could carry his plans into execution lie was\\nseized with a violent illness of which he died in his\\nthirty-fifth year, leaving the throne to his infant son\\nHenrv.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "44 Outlines of English History.\\nHenry VI (1422, Their ninny). This formula re-\\nfers partly to the infancy of the king at his accession,\\nand still more to his weakness when grown to manhood.\\nThe Duke of Bedford, eldest brother of the late king,\\nwas made regent and carried on the war against France.\\nThe imbecile French king, Charles VI, having died, his\\nson, Charles VII, asserted his claim to the crown. It\\nwas under him that a new leader was found in the Maid\\nof Orleans, Joan of Arc. the peasant girl who led the\\nFrench armies to victory, raising the siege of Orleans\\nand causing Charles VII to be crowned at Eheims. Fall-\\ning at last into the hands of the enemy she was burned\\nto death in the market place of Rouen as a sorceress\\n(1431, Their maid). Henry, when he reached his ma-\\njority, showed but little capacity for government, and\\nthe troubles caused by his incompetence induced many\\npeople to the claims of Richard, Duke of York, a\\ndescendant of Lionel, the third son of Edward III.\\nRichard and his adherents raised an army, and in the\\nbattle of St. Albans, the first of the War of the Roses,\\ndefeated the Royalists and took the king prisoner (1455,\\nThe Roses last long). The year after, the king was re-\\nstored to his authority. The contest, however, soon", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 45\\nbroke out again and the king was again taken prisoner.\\nMargaret, his queen, however, a woman of great ability\\nand energy, succeeded in raising an army and defeated\\nthe Duke of York, causing him to be executed. By her\\norder his head was cut off and placed on the gates of\\nYork with a paper crown upon it in mockery of his\\nclaims to royalty. Edward, son of the Duke of York,\\njoining his forces to those of Warwick, compelled Mar-\\ngaret to retreat, entered London in triumph and was\\ncrowned as king under the title of Edward IV.\\nEdward IV (1461, The ruler chooses widow), the\\nfirst king of the House of York, succeeded Henry VI, the\\nlast Lancastrian king. The War of the Koses continued\\nfor ten years after the accession of Edward. This war\\nwas so named from the red rose used as a badge by the\\nLancastrians and the white rose by the Yorkists. Ed-\\nward was noted for his handsome person, courage and\\nother popular qualities which rendered him a favorite\\nwith the people of London. But he was a capricious and\\ntyrannical sovereign. Although the victory he had won\\nat Mortimer s Cross had given Edward the crown, Mar-\\ngaret of Anjou, the able and ambitious queen of Henry\\nVI, was not yet conquered. She was soon in the field", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "46 Outlines of English History.\\nwith an army of 60.000 men, but was totally defeated by\\nthe forces of Edward and Warwick at Towton. Three\\nyears after Margaret made another effort to recover the\\ncrown with a small army she had obtained from the king\\nof France, Louis XI, but she was defeated and barely es-\\ncaped capture. By his marriage with Elizabeth Grey,\\nthe widow of a Lancastrian knight, which was an-\\nnounced while the Earl of Warwick was negotiating an\\nalliance for his sovereign, Edward greatly offended that\\nhigh spirited nobleman. Although reeking with Lan-\\ncastrian blood, he opened negotiations with Margaret\\noffering to support the Lancastrian cause. He was at\\nfirst successful, driving Edward from the country and\\nagain raising Henry from the prison to the throne. But\\nEdward, returning to England, encountered his forces\\nat Barnet. The Earl s forces were defeated and he was\\nslain as he was making his escape. Queen Margaret,\\nwho had been too late to join her forces with those of\\nWarwick, again encountered the forces of Edward at\\nTewkesbury and met with a complete overthrow (1471,\\nThe red goes down). The queen herself became a cap-\\ntive, her son was slain, and Henry taken back to the\\ntower, where he died with suspicious promptness. This", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 47\\nbattle which crushed the last hopes of the House of Lan-\\ncaster ended the War of the Roses.\\nThe reign of Edward IV was noted for the intro-\\nduction of the printing press into England by William\\nCaxton, and for a terrible plague, during which more\\npersons are said to have perished than during the previ-\\nous fifteen years of the War of the Eoses.\\nAs Edward was about to engage in a war with\\nFrance he was seized with a disease of which he died,\\nleaving his infant sons, Edward and Richard, to the\\nguardianship of his designing and ambitious brother,\\nRichard, Duke of Gloucester.\\nEdward V (1483, They are foully murdered), the\\neldest son of the preceding king, was only thirteen years\\nof age when he was proclaimed king. His uncle,\\nRichard, Duke of Gloucester, however, soon secured\\npossession of his person and of that of his younger\\nbrother, Richard. Shortly after their confinement, the\\nchildren disappeared and are generally believed to have\\nbeen smothered in their beds by order of Richard, who\\nfelt that they were the only obstacles in the way of his\\nambition to obtain the crown.\\nRichard III (1483, The ruler a foul murderer),", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "48 Outlines of English History.\\nyoungest brother of Edward IV, on whose death he as-\\nsumed the title of Protector, and developed plans for\\nsecuring the crown. Having declared the children of\\nthe late king illegitimate, he confined them in the\\nTower, where it is believed they were murdered by his\\norders. Upon a pretence of a plot against his life, he\\nseized and beheaded Hastings, Grey and others who were\\nknown to be loyal to the children of Edward IV. A\\nconspiracy was entered into led by the Duke of Bucking-\\nham to place Henry Tudor, Earl of Kichmond, on the\\nthrone. It was, however, detected and foiled, and its\\nleader, Buckingham, was immediately beheaded.\\nRichard then summoned a Parliament and obtained a\\nrecognition of his title. In order still further to\\nstrengthen himself he desired to marry Elizabeth, the\\ndaughter and heiress of Edward IV. With a view to\\nthis he caused his wife, Anne, the daughter of Warwick,\\nto be poisoned. These crimes at length alienated the\\npeople from Richard, who in the beginning of his reign\\nhad acquired a certain popularity by the adoption of\\nreform measures that seemed to show a sympathy with\\ninterests of his subjects. The pretence of a constitu-\\ntional rule, however, was soon thrown off and a general", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 49\\nirritation was caused by the levy of benevolences in defi-\\nance of a statute which had just been passed. So, when\\nshortly after, Henry Tudor landed at Milford Haven, a\\nwide conspiracy revealed itself. The opposing forces\\nmet on the field of Bosworih. In the crisis of the fight\\nSir William Stanley, who had been a staunch supporter\\nof Richard, passed over to Henry s side. Richard fought\\nwith desperate valor. He dashed the Lancastrian stand-\\nard to the ground and was hewing his way to the pres-\\nence of his rival when he fell overwhelmed by numbers\\nand the crown which dropped from his head was placed\\non that of Henrv Tudor.\\nThe Houses of Lancaster and York.\\nlancaster.\\nHenry IV 1399. They may pay penalty.\\nHenry Y 1413. The royal disturber\\nmarches.\\nHenry YI 1422. Their ninny.\\nYORK.\\nEdward IY .1461. The ruler chooses widow.\\nEdward Y 1483. They are foully murdered\\nRichard III .1483. The ruler a foul murderer", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "50 Outlines op English History.\\nGenealogical Table op the Lancastrian and York\\nFamilies.\\nEdward III.\\nLionel, John of Gaunt,\\n(Duke of Clarence.) (Duke of Lancaster).\\nPhilippa, John Beaufort,\\nMarried to Edmund Mortimer, (Earl of Somerset).\\nEarl of March.\\nRoger Mortimer. John Beaufort,\\n(Duke of Somerset).\\nEdward Mortimer, Anne. Margaret Beaufort,\\ndied 1424. Richard, Duke of York.\\nHenry Tudor,\\nEdward IV. George. Richard III. (Afterward Henry VII.)\\n(Duke of Clarence).\\nEdward V. Richard. Elizabeth.\\nMargaret Beaufort,\\n(Great Granddaughter of John of Gaunt),\\nmarried to Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond,\\nson of Owen Tudor by Catherine,\\nwidow of Henr) V.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 51\\nTHE TUDORS.\\nHenry VII (1485, The royal funds ill-gotten).\\nThe victory of Bosworth gave Henry the crown though\\nhe had but a weak title to it. He married Elizabeth of\\nYork, however, daughter of Edward IV, thus uniting\\nthe Lancastrian and the Yorkist titles to the crown.\\nTwo insurrections took place under this reign, one under\\nLambert Simnel, who claimed to be the young Earl of\\nWarwick, grandson of the King-Maker, whom Henry\\nwas jealously keeping in prison and filially caused to be\\nexecuted. The other insurrection was under Perkin\\nWarbec, who pretended to be Richard, Duke of York,\\nthe younger son of Edward IV, one of the two young\\nprinces murdered by Richard III. Henry VII had four\\nchildren, Arthur, Henry VIII, Margaret and Mary.\\nArthur married Catherine of Aragon. As Arthur died\\nin his youth, and his father was very reluctant to give up\\nthe generous dowry of Catherine, he had her affianced to\\nhis second son Henry. His daughter Margaret he gave\\nin marriage to the Scottish king, James IV, from whom\\nwere descended Mary Stuart and her son James VI of", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "52 Outlines of English History.\\nScotland, James I of England. His daughter Mary was\\nmarried to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, from\\nwhom was descended the unfortunate Lad} Jane Grey.\\nThe favorable features of this reign were the peace\\nsecured by the union of rival claims to the crown, the\\nimpulse given to commerce and manufactures, the be-\\nginning of the voyages of discovery and the laving of\\nthe foundation of the English navy by the building of\\nthe Great Harry/ and also the preparing of the way\\nfor the future annexation of Scotland.\\nA most unfavorable feature was the intense avarice\\nof the king which made him extort money from his sub-\\njects by illegitimate and unjust methods. Two lawyers,\\nEmpson and Dudley, gained an infamous notoriety by\\nacting as the instruments of his rapacity.\\nThe worst acts of this king were the execution of\\nthe young Earl of Warwick on account of his superior\\ntitle to the throne, and that of Sir William Stanley, who\\nhad saved Henry s life on the battlefield and crowned\\nhim king, because he was charged by one of the king s\\nspies with having said that if he knew that the Pretender\\nwas really Richard, the son of Edward IV, he never\\ncould bear arms against him. The pleasure, however,", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 53\\nwith which the king appropriated this nobleman s for-\\ntune and estate as soon as lie had heard that his head\\nhad fallen on the sawdust of the scaffold on Tower Hill,\\nquite obliterated the memory of the fact that he owed to\\nStanley his life and his crown.\\n,0\\nHenry VITI (15IT9, The lofty sovereign s absolu-\\ntism), the second Tudor king was the most absolute\\nsovereign that ever reigned in England. This was part-\\nly on account of his indisputable title to the throne,\\npartly on account of the overflowing treasury his father\\nhad left him and partly on account of the great abilities\\nof his two principal ministers. Wolsey and Cromwell.\\nwho made it their great aim to concentrate all the powers\\nof the state in the monarchy. Henry had six wives, the\\nfirst; Catherine of Aragon, from whom he was divorced\\nafter living with her about twenty years. Second, Anne\\nBoleyn, maid of honor to his first queen, whom he caused\\nto be executed for alleged infidelity. Third. Jan.- Sey-\\nmour, maid of honor to Anne Boleyn. whom he married\\nthe third day after Anne s execution. Fourth, Anne of\\nCloves, with, whose portrait he had been quite pleased,\\nbut being disappointed in the original, divorced. Fifth,\\nCatherine Howard, who was found guilty of adultery", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "54 Outlines of English History.\\nand beheaded less than two years after. And sixth,\\nCatherine Par. who outlived him.\\nIn 1534 Parliament declared the king supreme head\\non earth of the Church of England in opposition to the\\nclaims of the Pope.\\nHenry, while renouncing the supremacy of the\\nPope, tried to retain the doctrines of the Eoman Catho-\\nlic Church and persecuted and put to death those who\\ndiffered from him whether reformers or romanists. His\\ntyranny in the latter years of his reign became very\\nruthless and unbearable.\\nEdward VI (1547, The lad s reign clipped), the\\nson of Henry VIII, was only ten years of age when his\\nfather died. His maternal uncle, Edward Seymour,\\nDuke of Somerset, was made protector of the kingdom.\\nFinding his authority endangered by the ambitious\\nschemes of his brother, he caused him to be arrested and\\nexecuted. After having ruled England with kingly\\npower, he now became very unpopular. Through the\\nmanagement of Warwick he was deposed. A few years\\nlater he was accused of high treason and executed.\\nWarwick was now supreme. He assumed the title of the\\nDuke of Northumberland and began to rule like a king.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 55\\nForeseeing that the ill-health of the young king-\\nwould soon make the throne vacant he aimed to secure\\nthe succession in his own family. To this end he mar-\\nried his son Dudley to Lady Jane Grey, a great grand-\\ndaughter of Henry VII through that monarch s young-\\nest daughter Mary. Shortly after this settlement the\\nyoung king grew rapidly worse and died.\\nMary (1553, They all loathe Mary). Through the\\ninfluence of Northumberland, Lady Jane was informed\\nof the death of her royal cousin and of her own elevation\\nio the throne. She received the news with great misgiv-\\nings. The people received the announcement of her ac-\\ncession with sullen silence and expressions of scorn.\\nMary at once took measures to assert her rights. She\\nwas proclaimed queen by the authorities of London, and\\nhailed with shouts of applause by the populace as she\\nentered the city. Northumberland and his colleagues\\nwere compelled to submit. Northumberland and two of\\nhi- accomplices were convicted of treason and executed.\\nLady Jane Grey and Lord Gilford Dudley were also\\nsentenced to death, but the queen was reluctant to carry\\nthe sentence into execution. A rebellion, however, hav-\\ning taken place later and some of the friends of Lady", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "56 Outlines of English History.\\nJane Grey having taken part in it, the queen signed the\\ndeath-warrant of that unfortunate princess and her hus-\\nband and they were both beheaded. The queen married\\nPhilip of Spain. She was a zealous Romanist, and pre-\\nvailed upon Parliament to restore the kingdom to obedi-\\nence to the Pope. She then initiated a system of rigor-\\nous persecution against protestants. She caused among\\nothers, Ridley, Bishop of London, Latimer of Worcester\\nand Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, to be burned\\nat the stake. Several hundred persons are known to\\nhave fallen victims of her bloody persecutions. She died\\ndetested by the great majority of her subjects.\\nElizabeth (1558, Dual life). If ever there was an\\nEnglish sovereign that had two different and opposite\\nselves, it was Queen Elizabeth. She was a strange com-\\npound of greatness and frivolity. Hence the above\\nformula. Elizabeth was a daughter of Henry YITT and\\nAnne Boleyn, and the last sovereign of the House of\\nTudor. Her childhood was passed in comparative retire-\\nment and she was educated by persons who favored the\\nreformed religion. She learned the Latin, Greek,\\nFrench and Italian of the celebrated Roger Aseham.\\nIn 1554 she was confined in the Tower bv order of Queen", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 57\\nMary who believed her implicated in Wyatt s Rebellion\\nand regarded her with jealousy because she was the\\nfavorite of the protestant party. On the death of Queen\\nMary, Elizabeth ascended the throne, and the majority\\nof the people rejoiced at her accession. She appointed\\nWilliam Cecil secretary of stare, and the success of her\\nreign was in a great measure due to the wisdom and\\nabilities of that statesman.\\nThe great aim of Elizabeth s policy from one Mid\\nof her reign to the other to which she made everything\\nelse subservient, was to avoid foreign wars and a parti-\\nsan strife at home, and to have a united and prosperous\\npeople. But to retain our respect for her we must not\\nlook too closely at the variety of expedients she used to\\naccomplish her purpose.\\nThe great mistake of Elizabeth s reign was the long\\ncontinued confinement of Mary Stuart and her final exe-\\ncution. Historians are of opinion that the life and\\nthrone of Elizabeth would have been safer had Mary\\nbeen generously set a liberty when she landed on Eng-\\nlish soil.\\nThe most important political event was the at-\\ntempted invasion of England by Philip II and the", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "58 Outlines of English History.\\ndestruction of his Invincible Armada partly by the\\nviolence of the storm and partly by the skill and bold-\\nness of English seamen in 1588 (The long fleet foiled).\\nThe reign of Elizabeth was one of the most prosper-\\nous and glorious in English history. The Elizabethan\\nAge was almost unequaled in literature, and was adorned\\nby the genius of Shakespeare, Spencer, Bacon, Sidney\\nand Raleigh.\\nThe Tudoks.\\nHenry VII 1.485. The royal funds illgotten.\\nHenry VIII .1509. The lofty sovereign s\\nabsolutism.\\nEdward VI 1547. The lad s reign clipped.\\nMary 1553. They all loathe Mary.\\nElizabeth 1558. Dual life.\\nGenealogical Table.\\nHenry VII.\\nArthur. Henry VIII. Margaret. Mary.\\nMary. Elizabeth. Edward VI.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 59\\nTHE STUARTS.\\nJames I (1603. The joyous Stuart mounts) only\\nson of Mary Queen of Scots and Henry, Lord Darnley,\\non the death of Elizabeth succeeded to the throne of\\nEngland.\\nAs king of Scotland he had been little more than\\na puppet in the hands of his powerful nobles. His ac-\\ncession as king of England changed all of this. Never\\nwas an heir to the English throne more glad to secure it.\\nHe soon, however, became unpopular with his new sub-\\njects. The anger of the Roman Catholics at the stern\\nmeasures used against them led to the famous Gunpow-\\nder Plot, which was discovered on the fifth of November,\\n1605. Weak and good natured, he enriched his favor-\\nites at the expense of the royal treasury. He degraded\\nthe prerogative of the crown by the sale of titles of\\ndignity. Though absurdly lacking in kingly qualities,\\nhe thoroughly believed in his divine right to rule. His\\nreign is of interest to the student of English Constitu-\\ntional History as it was during it that Parliament may\\nbe said to have taken its first decided stand in its long", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "60 Outlines of English History.\\ncontest with the crown. This reign was distinguished\\nby many memorable events. It witnessed the literary\\nand political careers of Bacon and Raleigh, the disgrace\\nof both and the execution of the latter; the dramatic\\nactivity of Shakespeare and Ben Jonson; the transla-\\ntion of the English Bible; the colonization of Virginia\\nand \u00c2\u00a5ew England; the formation of two well defined\\nschools of English Protestantism, and the beginning of\\nthe struggle between king and commons which brought\\nthe head of his son and successor to the block. James\\nwas despicable in his personal qualities; was weak,\\ncowardly, passionate, vindictive, superstitious, fanatical\\nand prone to fall under the influence of worthless favor-\\nites. He was termed by Sully the wisest fool in Chris-\\ntendom. He was indeed/ says Macaulay, made up\\nof two men a witty, well-read scholar, who wrote, dis-\\nputed and harangued, and a nervous, drivelling idiot\\nwho acted.\\nCharles I (1G25, They show no leniency). Henry,\\nthe oldest son of James I, having died, Charles, his sec-\\nond son, inherited the crown. He married Henrietta\\nMaria, a daughter of Henry IV of France, who was a\\nRoman Catholic. He chose as his prime minister the", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 61\\nunpopular Duke of Buckingham. Parliament, ani-\\nmated by a growing spirit of liberty, was sparing in its\\ngrant of supplies, and was soon involved in a contest\\nwith the court. Charles dissolved several Parliaments\\nin the first five years of his reign, and had recourse to\\narbitrary methods of raising money. He governed\\neleven years without a Parliament. Scotland assumed\\nan attitude of determined resistance to the imposition of\\na Liturgy and of Episcopal Church-government. They\\nrose in arms to assert their liberty and subscribed the\\nNational Covenant. They invaded England and\\ndefeated the royal army at Newbern-on-Tyne. This\\ndisaster and the want of money induced the king to call\\na new Parliament, which met in November, 1640, and\\nwas the famous Long Parliament. They passed a reso-\\nlution to which they wrested the consent of the king\\nthat they were not to be dissolved without their own\\nnt. They impeached the Earl of Strafford, the\\nprincipal minister of the king, and caused him to be\\nexecuted, and they imprisoned Archbishop Laud. In\\n1 6 ri the king made a rash and abortive attempt to arrest\\nthe leader.- of the opposition movement in Parliament,\\ntame to the House of Commons with a body of sol-", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "62 Outlines of English History.\\ndiers and demanded that Pym, the leader of Parliament,\\nHampden, the patriot who had suffered imprisonment\\nfor resisting arbitrary taxation, and three other mem-\\nbers should at once be delivered up to him as being\\nguilty of high treason. The Speaker refused to comply,\\nand the king left the House amid the murmurs of the\\nindignant members. Provoked by this outrage, the\\nParliament appealed to arms. In the first engagements\\nthe Eoyalists were victorious. But at the battle of\\nNaseby, Charles was defeated by Cromwell and surren-\\ndered to the Scottish army which transferred him to the\\ncustody of the English Parliament. Having been tried\\nand convicted in a high court appointed for the occasion,\\nhe was beheaded at Whitehall, January 30, 1649.\\nThe Commonwealth (1649, They choose Republi-\\ncan Polity) A few days after the execution of the king\\nthe Commons voted to abolish the House of Lords as\\nwell as the monarchy, and appointed a Council of State,\\nof which Bradshaw, the presiding judge of the court\\nthat condemned the king, was made president. The\\nreal head of the government, however, was Oliver Crom-\\nwell, who wielded the power of the army then nearly\\n50,000 strong. In 1653 he assumed the title of Lord", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 63\\nProtector of the Commonwealth. His domestic policy\\nwas favorable to religious liberty and conducive to the\\nprosperity of the country. His foreign policy was digni-\\nfied and enlightened, and secured for England a more\\ncommanding position than she had previously occupied.\\nAll Europe trembled at his voice, and the flag of Britain\\nwaved triumphant over every sea. He died September\\n3, 1659.\\nRichard Cromwell (1658, The shrinking leader\\nfails) quietly succeeded his father in the office of Pro-\\ntector. His want of capacity for so difficult a position\\nwas soon felt. The next year a Parliament passed a\\nvote to recognize Charles, the son of the late king, as\\ntheir sovereign. A few days afterwards Charles entered\\nLondon amid the joyful acclamations of the citizens\\nand reascended the throne of his ancestors. This event\\nis known in English History as the Restoration.\\nCharles II (1660, The church changed suddenly)\\nwas thirty years old when, after an exile of sixteen years,\\nhe was restored to his throne. He was characterized by\\na cheerful disposition, easy and graceful manners and\\nan utter lack of moral principle.\\nAmong the first acts of the restored king s reign", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "Gl Outlines of English History.\\nwere the abolition of the last relic of the Feudal System,\\nthe disbanding of Cromwell s army and the restoration\\nof the Church of England. Our formula is based on\\nthis last circumstance.\\nSix of the regicide judges were tried and executed,\\nand on the anniversary of the king s death, the bodies\\nof Cromwell, Treton and Bradshaw were disinterred,\\nhanged on the gallows and then decapitated, and their\\nheads fixed on Westminster Hall.\\nA most remarkable feature of the period was the\\nentire change which took place in the sentiments of the\\npeople. During the reign of Charles I, says a histor-\\nian, they manifested a most intense zeal for liberty;\\nbut now seemed eager to evince a.n equally extravagant\\nspirit of submission. Under the control of the Puritans\\nthey seemed to think that Religion consisted in gloom,\\nausterity and the sacrifice of all social gayety and pleas-\\nure: but, going to the opposite extreme, they now\\nplunged into riot and dissipation.\\nCharles appointed Lord Clarendon, Prime Minis-\\nter. In 1GG2 he married Catherine, a daughter of the\\nKing of Portugal. In 16G5 he declared war without\\nany good reason against the Dutch a war which was", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 65\\ncontrary to the feelings and commercial interests of the\\nEnglish people. In 1667 Lord Clarendon was removed\\nfrom power and was succeeded by a corrupt ministry\\ncalled the Cabal. These ministers abused their power\\nto promote Popery and absolute monarchy. By a singu-\\nlar coincidence the initials of the five men who then\\ncomposed the cabinet spelled the word Cabal. These\\nmen were Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington and\\nLauderdale. This circumstance gave point to the term\\nof reproach applied to the ministry, as the word Cabal\\nat that period as at present was used to mean a secret\\nassociation composed of a few designing persons.\\nThe king showed partiality to the Roman Catholic\\nChurch of which he had secretly become a member. A\\nrumor of a Popish plot caused a violent excitement\\namong the people in 1678. Charles dissolved the Parlia-\\nment in that year and called another which, in 1679,\\npassed the Habeas Corpus Act in opposition to the will\\nof the court. The prevalence of corruption and profli-\\ngacy in politics and morals, together with the despotic\\npolicy of the court rendered this reign one of the most\\ndisgraceful in English History. Charles left no legiti-\\nmate children and was succeeded by his brother,\\nJames II.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "66 Outlines of English History.\\nJames II (1685, They change fundamental law).\\nThis formula refers to the Revolution which took place\\nunder this reign and by which James was deposed The\\ngreat events of his reign were the Insurrection of Argyle\\nin Scotland, 1685, and that of Monmouth in the west\\nof England in the same year; the bloody assizes in which\\nthose suspected of taking part in the rebellion were ex-\\nposed to the unjust sentences of the brutal Jeffries; the\\npersistent attempts of the king to overthrow constitu-\\ntional government and to establish arbitrary royal power\\nand the Roman Catholic religion and the maintenance\\nof a standing army without legal warrant.\\nThese grievances brought on the Revolution of\\n1688, sometimes called the Bloodless Revolution.\\nwhich completely changed the constitutional basis of the\\nstate, breaking forever with the divine right theory and\\nintroducing the period of parliament government. Wil-\\nliam, Prince of Orange, a cousin of the king, and Mary,\\nPrincess of Orange, the king s eldest daughter, were\\ncalled by common consent to the throne, but before they\\nwere crowned they were obliged to sign the Declaration\\nof Rights as a guarantee of constitutional government.\\nJames, who had fled to France, invaded Ireland in 1689,", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 67\\nbut in 1690 he was defeated by William in the Battle of\\nthe Boyne. He again returned to France and spent the\\nrest of his life in futile efforts to regain the throne.\\nWilliam and Mary (1689, The joint fortunes be-\\ngun), son of William II of Orange and Mary, daughter\\nof Charles I of England, married his cousin Mary,\\ndaughter of James II.\\nThe tyranny of James II having alienated his sub-\\njects from him, William was invited by a large number\\nof the most prominent men in England to interfere, and\\non November 5. 1688, he landed at Torbay with an\\narmy of 15,000 men. His success was rapid and blood-\\nless. Men of influence of all parties gave him their\\npresence and support; and on the 18th of December\\nfolloAving he entered London triumphantly as a national\\ndeliverer. The object of William, however, in accept-\\ning the crown of England was probably not so much to\\nfree the English nation from the tyranny of James, as\\nto enlist its power on his side against that of France.\\nIn spite of his sterling qualities and of the debt which\\nthey owed to him, the English nation never really liked\\nWilliam III. His wife, Mary, on whom the crown had\\nbeen conferred jointly with himself, died in 1694, leav-\\ning him sole king.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "68 Outlines of English History.\\nWilliam Til (1694, Does share burdensome wars).\\nThe European wars in which he took so prominent a\\npari were a source of great expense to England and\\ncreated a large national debt from which she has never\\nrecovered. William was unquestionably a practical\\ngenius of a high order, and the services which he ren-\\ndered both to England and to his native country can\\nscarcely be overrated. In his domestic life he commit-\\nted the error of a too stern repression of all manifesta-\\ntion of kindly and genial feeling. His manner was\\nwholly Dutch, and even his countrymen thought him\\nblunt. In his intercourse with the world in general/\\nsays Macaulay, he appeared ignorant or negligent of\\nthose arts which double the value of a favor and take\\naway the sting of a refusal/\\nAnne (1602, The kingdom Scotland annexed), last\\nsovereign of the House of Stuart?, second daughter of\\nJames II, wife of Prince George of Denmark. She was\\na member of the Church of England, and was thirty-\\neight years of age when she ascended the throne.\\nSarah Jennings (afterward Duchess of Marlbor-\\nough) was a friend of Anne s childhood, and exercised\\nan almost unbounded influence over her both before and", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 69\\nafter her accession to the throne. Marlborough and his\\nwife were powerfully felt in all public affairs during the\\ngreater part of her reign. The difference of political\\nprinciples, however, between the queen and the Marl-\\nboroughs and the presumption of the Duchess arising\\nfrom the strong influence she had so long exercised over\\nAnne caused a rupture between them; and Mrs.\\nMasham, a relative of the Duchess, whom she had her-\\nself introduced at court, supplanted her in the intimacy\\nand affections of the queen.\\nAmong the important events of this reign were a\\nnumber of signal victories gained by the Duke of Marl-\\nborough over the armies of Louis XIV, and the union\\nof England and Scotland in 1707.\\nAnne s reign was rendered illustrious by some of\\nthe greatest names both in literature and science which\\nher country has ever produced; but literature and\\nscience owed little to her active encouragement. This\\nperiod has been styled the Augustan Age of English\\nLiterature, being illustrated by the genius of Xewton,\\nAddison, Pope, Bolingbroke. Swift, DeFoe and others.\\nAnne died of apoplexy, and being childless at the\\ntime of her death, was succeeded by her cousin. George I.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History.\\nThe Stuarts.\\nJames I 1603. The joyous Stuart mounts\\nCharles I 1625. The} 7 show no lenienc}^\\nThe Common-\\nwealth 1649. They choose Republican\\npolity.\\nRichard Cromwelll658. The shrinking leader\\nvanishes.\\nCharles II 1660. The church changed\\nsuddenly.\\nJames II 1685. They change fundamental\\nlaw.\\nWilliam and Mary 1689. The joint fortunes begun.\\nWilliam III .1694. Does share burdensome\\nwars.\\nAnne 1702. The kingdom Scotland\\nannexed.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History.\\nGENEA LOGICAL TABLE.\\nJames I.\\nHenry.\\n(Died 1612.) Elizabeth.\\n(Married Frederick,\\nElector Palatinate.)\\nCharles I.\\nCharles James Henry. Mary. Rupert. Maurice. Sophia.\\nII. II. (Married to (Married to\\nPrince William Elector of\\nof Nassau.) Hanover.)\\n(Died 1660.)\\nMary. Anne. James Francis Edward.\\n(Married to ^The Pretender.)\\nWilliam III.) William III.\\n(Married his cousin Mary.)\\nCharles Edward. Henry Benedict.\\n(The young Pretender.) (Cardinal of York,\\nlast of the Stuarts,\\ndied 1807.)", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "72 Outlines of English History\\nTHE HOUSE OF BRUNSWICK.\\nGeorge I (1714, The king too reserved), son of the\\nDuke of Brunswick, Elector of Hanover, and of Sophia,\\ngranddaughter of James I. To him England was to the\\nlast a foreign country, for which he had no love, and of\\nthe language, feelings and thought of which he was pro-\\nfoundly ignorant. He married his cousin, Sophia, from\\nwhom he was divorced, a few years afterwards. He\\nkept her in prison on a charge of infidelity for the last\\nthirty-two years of her life. Xotwithstanding his dis-\\nlike of England, George served British interests faith-\\nfully and with considerable ability. But his private\\ncharacter was thoroughly bad.\\nThe principal events of this reign were the first\\nJacobite Rebellion; the failure of the South Sea Com-\\npany and the Spanish War of 1726. George I never won\\nthe love of his subject?. His scant knowledge of English\\nand his sullen disposition made him very reserved, so\\nthat he appeared to a great disadvantage in contrast\\nwith those who had been trained in the elegant literary\\nsociety of the preceding reign.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 73\\nGeorge II (1727, The king nearer English), suc-\\nceeded his father at the age of forty-four years. He had\\nbeen throughout life an object of dislike to his father,\\nin consequence of which his education was neglected.\\nThis defect was, however, largely offset by the abilities\\nof his noble queen, Caroline, whose influence over the\\nking was so great that until her death she may be said\\nto have ruled England. Walpole continued to admin-\\nister the government. His policy was one of peace, but\\nhis Parliamentary tactics depended for success upon\\nbribery and corruption. The king s fondness for war\\nled him to take command at the battle of Dettingen\\nwhere he won a victory in spite of tactical blunders.\\nOther great events of this reign were the battle of ^lin-\\nden and Fontenoy; the second Stuart invasion: the war\\nof Clive in India, and the Conquest of Canada.\\nOn the wbole, Ihe reign of George II was a prosper-\\nous one. According to Hallam, the most prosperous\\nperiod that England had ever known; and it was this\\nnot less from the acquisition of new territory than from\\nthe conquest of new fields of thought affected by Pope,\\nHume. Samuel Johnson, Fielding, Smollet and many\\nothers.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "74 Outlines of English History.\\nGeorge II died suddenly at the advanced age of\\nseventy-seven. Although during his whole reign he re-\\nmained thoroughly German in character, he was by no\\nmeans as unpopular as his father had been. His sub-\\njects admired his military courage; and his good-nature\\nand better knowledge of English gave him a stronger\\nhold on their affections and sympathies. His son,\\nFrederick, having died some years before, he was suc-\\nceeded by his grandson, George, the first of the Bruns-\\nwick kings that was a native of England.\\nGeorge III (1760, The king shows stubbornness),\\nsucceeded his grandfather at the age of twenty-two and\\nhad a long and eventful reign of sixty years. His\\nhonesty of purpose and the purity of his domestic rela-\\ntions contrasted strangely with the profligacy of the two\\npreceding a,s well as the two succeeding monarchs, and\\ndid much to offset his narrow and stubborn intellect.\\nThe annals of his reign are replete with great events.\\nThe most important of these are the Spanish War of\\n1 762-63 the American Revolution the French Revolu-\\ntion the Irish Rebellion, and the Napoleonic Wars.\\nThe king was subject to growing fits of insanity, and\\nduring the latter part of his reign the Prince of Wales", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 75\\nacted as regent. This reign was remarkable for great\\nliterary and industrial activity.\\nGeorge IV (1820, Did wife s name scandalize) be-\\ncame king of Britain on his father s death. He was a\\nman of considerable talents and polished manners, but\\nperfectly heartless and unprincipled. Nothing excited\\nmore popular indignation and disgust against the king\\nthan his treatment of his unfortunate wife, Caroline of\\nBrunswick, whom he had married in 1795. A scandal\\nwas started by him against her character which was\\nproved to have been based on a false charge to which\\nthe widest publicity was given by the king and which\\nhe made the ground of the most brutal treatment of the\\nqueen. He ordered that no prayer for his wife should be\\nadmitted into the prayer-book. He was preparing to\\nhave her tried by the House of Lords. But the ministers\\nrealizing the weakness of the accusation and the strength\\nof public opinion in her favor, abandoned the bill before\\nit reached the House of Lords. A public illuminaition\\nshowed the sympathies of the people, and at the next\\nsession the Commons voted her an annuity of 50,000\\npounds. The next year, however, she was repelled with\\ninsult from the door of Westminster Abbey, whither she", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "76 Outlines of English History.\\nhad gone to see the coronation of the king, and a few\\ndays afterward expired.\\nEoyal visits to Scotland and Ireland; the aid ren-\\ndered to the Greeks by the British fleet in the buttle of\\nNavarino, which secured the independence of Greece,\\nand the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Bill, so\\nodious to his father, are the most notable incidents of\\nthis king s reign.\\nWilliam IV (1830, The franchise measures secur-\\ned). The previous king, having left no heir, was suc-\\nceeded by his brother, the Duke of Clarence. As he had\\nserved in the navy, he was often called the Sailor King.\\nAlthough William was very far from being personally a\\ngood man, his short reign is remembered by his country-\\nmen with much pleasure and gratitude on account of the\\nParliamentary reforms it witnessed, removing the right\\nof sending members to Parliament from small districts\\ncalled rotten boroughs, in which representation had\\nbecome obselete, giving the right of representation to\\ncities that had grown into wealth and importance and\\nextending the franchise, or right to vote, more widely\\namong the middle classes. This reign was made memor-\\nable also by the abolition of slavery throughout all the\\nBritish colonies.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 71\\nVictoria (183?, The favorite motherly queen).\\nWilliam IV, having died without heir, his niece, Vic-\\ntoria, daughter of the Duke of Kent, assumed the throne\\nof Great Britain and Ireland, that of Hanover falling\\nby the law excluding females to her uncle, the Duke of\\nCumberland. She married her cousin, Prince Albert\\nof Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She has enjoyed a reign of\\npeace and prosperity unexampled in the annals of Eng-\\nland under the successful administrations of Melbourne,\\nPeel, Russell, Derby, Aberdeen, Palmerston, Gladstone,\\n\u00c2\u00bb_ Disraeli, Roseberry and Salisbury. Among the impor-\\ntaut events of her reign have been the establishment of\\nthe penny postage; the Amendment of the Poor Laws\\nin Scotland and Ireland; the transfer of the Indian\\npossessions from the East India Company to the crown;\\nthe Disestablishment of the Irish Church; the discovery\\nof gold in Australia and British Columbia; the war\\nwith Russia in defense of Turkey, in which the siege of\\nSebastopol and the sufferings of the British army form\\nthe most prominent episodes; the Indian Mutiny; the\\nestablishment of telegraphic communication with\\nAmerica and the formation of the Dominion of\\nCanada.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "78 Outlines of English History.\\nThe loss of her mother and of her husband, Prince\\nAlbert, within a few months, affected her with such pro-\\nfound grief, that although performing the duties of\\nsovereignty, she did not appear in public as before for\\nnearly fifteen years.\\nIn Queen Victoria, according to Macaulay, her\\nsubjects have found a wiser, gentler, happier Elizabeth.\\nBeyond any other monarch she has given evidence that\\nshe regards her royal authority as held in trust for the\\npeople. She has also given a pattern of every domestic\\nvirtue, and the progress made by the nation during\\nmore than half a century has been due in no small\\nmeasure to the wisdom, the tact and the devotion of\\nthe monarch.\\nThe House of Brunswick.\\nGeorge I 1714. The king too reserved.\\nGeorge II 1727. The king nearer English.\\nGeorge III 1760. The king shows stubborn-\\nness.\\nGeorge IV 1820. Did wife s name scan-\\ndalize.\\nWilliam IV 1830. The franchise measures\\nsecured.\\nVictoria 1837. The favorite motherly\\nqueen.", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Outlines of English History. 79\\nGenealogical Table.\\nGeorge I.\\nGeorge II. Sophia.\\n(Queen of Prussia.)\\nFrederick. William. Six Others.\\n(Died in 1751.) (Duke of Cumberland.)\\nGeorge III.\\nGeorge Frederick. Charlotte. William Edward. Ernest.\\nIV. (Duke of (Queen of IV. (Duke of (King of\\nYork.) Wurtenburg.) Kent.) Hanover.)\\nCharlotte.\\n(Princess of Wales, died 1817.)\\nVictoria.\\nAlbert Alice. Alfred. Eleanor. Louisa. Arthur. Leopold.\\nEdward. Beatrice.\\n(Prince of Wales.) Adelaide.", "height": "2798", "width": "2085", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "98", "height": "2859", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "2046", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2898", "width": "2086", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "d?\\nV ^V V^^ i/\\ng|., u^ Sd fc. ;2n :k\\nWERT 11\\nBOOKBINDING U\\nCrantville Pa\\nJUL* AUG 1989", "height": "2889", "width": "2098", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3046", "width": "2098", "jp2-path": "outlinesofenglis00dubo_0088.jp2"}}