{"1": {"fulltext": "^i^", "height": "3447", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "^^^^^^fc", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "Historical Sketches\\nREMINISCENCES\\nOctogenarian,\\nBy THOMAS L. PRESTON.\\nPUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY\\nB. F. JOHNSON PUBLISHING CO.\\nRICHMOND, VA.\\n1900.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0011.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "3854f\\nLibrnry of Conc4ress\\nTwo Copies Receivfo\\nAUG 25 1900\\nC\u00c2\u00abpjrrij{ht Mitr^\\nN. A\\nFIRST COPY\\n2rKJ Copy Ddivbrari t\u00c2\u00bb\\nORDER DIVISION\\n^\u00c2\u00a3P1 lyju\\nh23a\\nCOPYKIGHT.\\nBy THOMAS L. PRESTON.\\nlltOO.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0012.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE,\\nWhilst visiting Soutliwest Virginia I was often urged\\nby my relatives and friends (descendants of associates\\nof a past generation) to write some historical sketches\\nof the earliest patents and settlers of that section, and\\nalso of those traditions which were fast fading from the\\nmemories of the oldest inhabitants, and which I alone\\ncould recall. This obligation to my friends was pressed\\nwith renewed earnestness in the autumn of 1897, and in\\norder partially to discharge it, I, aided by my friends.\\nJudge F. B. Hutton and others, examined the records\\nof Washington county, so as to verify dates and refresh\\nmy memory about the periods of many incidents.\\nThe Mayor of Abingdon did me the kindness to put the\\nrecords of the town into my hands and allowed me to\\nmake such extracts from them as I chose. With these\\naids and with court papers, courteously furnished by Mr.\\nJames L. White, I entered upon the composition of this\\nlittle book, painfully conscious that the duty had been\\ntoo long deferred. Before, however, beginning the task,\\nI examined many histories of Virginia to ascertain what\\nhad been written about the Southwest. All the his-\\ntorians were Eastern Virginians, and only brief allusions\\n(7)", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0013.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8 Preface.\\nhad been made to the iiieu aud matters of the West, aud\\nthese often with errors of date and family connections.\\nIt would have been a pleasant task had 1 been younger,\\nto show the importance of the civil and military services\\ngiven by the men who drafted the proceedings of the\\nFreehohlers of Fincastle County in the struggle for\\nindependence. The material for that purpose is scanty,\\nand may soon be entirely lost. But perhaps some abler\\nand younger man, following the trail which I have\\nblazed, may perform this duty to the noble dead. Those\\nmen, with their contemporaries, truly composed the van-\\nguard of the Revolution.\\nMy Reminiscences illustrate, to some extent, the\\nsociety of that period of our history to which they refer,\\nand may recall similar incidents, traditions and legends\\nin many families of Virginia.\\nI am under great obligations to my friend. Professor\\nJohn Hart, for his judicious and careful editing of my\\nbook. He makes clear what was obscure and eliminates\\nrepetitions which had been overlooked.\\nThomas Lewis Preston.\\nUuhrrsiti/ of Vinjinia, August, J 899.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0014.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER I.\\nlu April, 1748, a party of pioneers left Wayuesborough,\\niu Angusta county, Virginia, to explore the unknown\\ncountry beyond the Alleghany Mountains. This party*\\nwas organized and led by Colonel James Patton, and\\nconsisted of John Buchanan (Patton s son-in-law), Charles\\nCampbell (brother-in-law of Buchanan), Dr. Thomas\\nWalker, and James Wood, of Albemarle county, together\\nwith a number of hunters and woodsmen.\\nColonel Patton had been a lieutenant in the British\\nnavy, and received from George II. a grant of 120,000\\nacres of land to be located in Virginia west of the Alle-\\nghany Mountains. At that i^eriod this country was\\nabsolutely a terra iucogiiifa, and, so far as the grantor\\nknew, had never been visited by a white man. This fact,\\nhowever, did not daunt the adventurous spirit of the\\ngallant seaman. He came with his wife and two daugh-\\nters to America about 1732, and settled at Spring Hill,\\nnear Waynesborough, then an unbroken wilderness. His\\nhome was afterwards included in the patent of the\\nManor of Beverley, granted on the 6th of September,\\n1736, by Governor William Gooch, and in the name of\\nGeorge II. by the grace of God, King of Great Britain,\\nFrance and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc.\\nWaddell s Annals of Augusta County, p. 38. King s Mountain and\\nits Heroes, p. 379.\\n(9)", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0015.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10 Historical Sl-ctches and\\nThe patentees were William Beverley, of Essex; Sir\\nJohn Eandolph, of Williamsburg; Richard Randolph, of\\nHenrico, and John Robinson, of King and Queen. The\\ngrant was for 118,491 acres in the county of Orange,\\nbetween the great mountains and on the river Shen-\\nando. On the next day (September 7th) the other\\ngrantees released their interests in the patent to Bever-\\nley. This patent embraced a large part of the present\\ncounty of Augusta, south as well as north of Staunton.\\nTo perfect the title to his settlement, Patton bought or\\naccepted one from William Beverley for 1,398 acres for\\nfive shillings (83^ cents) in 1740.\\nColonel Patton was about fifty-eight years old, of a\\ntall and commanding figure and great physical strength\\nand vigor. He was wealthy and well educated, and well\\nfitted for the long and arduous expedition he planned.\\nHis party was also well chosen for the same purpose.\\nJohn Buchanan (his son-in-law) was a surveyor, as was\\nalso Charles Campbell, both of whom had the spirit and\\ncourage of the early pioneers, with the physical attri-\\nbutes of strength and power of endurance.\\nDr. Thomas Walker, born January 15, 1715, was thirty-\\nthree years old, and in the prime of manhood. He was\\nrichly eadowed with every qualification for such an\\nexpedition, mentally and physically, and, as physician\\nand surveyor, a great accession to the party. It is fair to\\nassume that he and Colonel Patton were previously well\\nacquainted. Their homes were hardly forty miles apart,\\nand the enterprising and wealthy seaman found a con-\\ngenial spirit in the daring, restless and intelligent owner", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0016.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 11\\nof 15,000 acres of land on the slopes of the Southwest\\nMountain.\\nThis first* exploring expedition in all probability\\nawakened in Dr. Walker that spirit of adventure that\\nprompted the second in 1750, when he crossed the Cum-\\nberland Mountain, east of Cumberland Gap, and struck\\nthe head-waters of Kentucky river, not far from and\\nwest of the present Whitesburg, and thence went down\\nthat river, and, crossing a divide to the waters of Big\\nSandy, proceeded as far as the juncture of the two forks.\\nHe named the western fork Louisa, pronounced by the\\npeople of the country Lewcsa. The rivers mentioned in\\nDr. Walker s Journal (page 56) viz., Hunting creek,\\nMiller s river and Frederick s river, are branches of the\\nKentucky. Dr. Walker also made a third expedition,\\nwhen he surveyed the tract of land of 6,780 acres in Wolf\\nHills, for which a patent was granted him from George\\nII., July 14, 1752.\\nThis tract embraced the present site of Abingdon, and\\nran from the foot of W^alker s Mountain on the north to\\nthe Knobs on the south. The consideration for this\\npatent was \u00c2\u00a334. These several expeditions prepared and\\npointed to Dr. Walker in 1779 as peculiarly fitted to be\\nchief of the commissioners on the part of Virginia to\\nmeet the commissioners from North Carolina in order\\nto run the boundary line between these two Common-\\nwealths.\\nThe well organized and equipped party of Colonel\\nPatton left the vicinity of Waynesborough in April, 1748,\\nJ. H. Hale s Trans-AUeghany Pioneer, p. 250.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0017.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12 Historical Sl-rtchr.s and\\nand, following the trend of the mountains towards the\\nsouthwest, as did the buffaloes in their periodical migra-\\ntions, it passed through the present counties of Rock-\\nbridge, Botetourt, Roanoke, Pulaski, Wythe, Smyth and\\nWashington, in Virginia, and Sullivan, Hawkins, Gran-\\nger and Claiborne, in Tennessee, to Cumberland Gap.\\nReaching the summit, where now the three States of\\nVirginia, Kentucky and Tennessee meet, we may\\nimagine they pitched their tents near the limpid foun-\\ntains which send their waters towards the rising and\\nsetting sun. They were loyal subjects of the British\\ncrown, and when on the morrow they looked over the\\nvast country spread out below them they felt that there\\nwas a greater domain than that secured to his Majesty\\nby the victory of Cullodon in April, 1746. Patton, grate-\\nful for his princely grant, and glowing with enthusiasm\\nfor the young imperial general, named the mountain\\nand the river that rises along its western base for the\\nDuke of Cumberland.\\nNo diary of this remarkable expedition has been found,\\nand yet its incipiency and details have lingered among\\nthe descendants of the Pattons and Campbells to the\\npresent day, and have been noted by Joseph A. Waddell\\nin his Annals of Augusta County, and by Lyman C.\\nDraper in King s Mountain and Its Heroes (page 379).\\nThe w^riter knows the fact that Dr. Draper had access to\\nNote. Theodore Roosevelt, in his Winning of the West, gives\\nDr. Thos. Walker the credit of naming Cumberland Mountain and\\nCumberland Gap, basing his assertions upon Dr. Walker s diary of his\\nexploration in 1750. His exploration was ///vj years aftir that made\\nby Colonel Patton, whom he accompanied.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0018.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 13\\nand examined the papers of Mrs. Sarali B. Preston, grand-\\ndaughter of Charles Canii)bell, and those of Colonel Wil-\\nliam Preston, the acting executor both of Colonel James\\nPatton and John Buchanan, who died at his house near\\nAmsterdam, Botetourt county, Virginia.\\nIn 1749, John Buchanan, certainly, and, perhaps,\\nCampbell, revisited the country they had explored, for\\nin that year Buchanan located and surveyed a tract of\\n1,900 acres, called Sapling Grove, on the 21st of Feb-\\nruary, 1749. Tills land was claimed by John Taylor, who\\nassigned it to James Patton, and he assigned it to John\\nBuchanan. Buchanan did not obtain a patent for it, and\\nafter his death, the survey was laid before the Court of\\nAppeals by his executors, William Campbell and William\\nPreston, and the court certified it to be established,\\nand it was then (December 23, 1779,) granted to William\\nCampbell and William Preston, Executors of John Buch-\\nanan, by Thomas Jefferson, Governor of Virginia. The\\nexecutors died before transferring the patent to Buch-\\nanan s heirs, and the obligation of discharging this duty\\nfell upon Francis Preston, executor of William Preston,\\nby whom it was performed about 1797 or 1798.\\nThis tract of 1,960 acres was in latter years owned by\\nthe Bev. James King, and is that on which the joint\\ncities of Bristol, Tennessee and Virginia, are located.\\nCharles Campbell, the other surveyor of Colonel James\\nPatton s pioneer expedition, in all probability, accom-\\npanied John Buchanan in 1749, and surveyed some of\\nthe lands which were patented to him and J. Buchanan\\nin 1753. There is a tradition in the family that on the\\nfirst surveying expedition there came to the camp of the", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0019.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "1^1 Hisiorical i^kctchcH and\\nparty a hunter, who, after partaking of their hospitality,\\nsaid that he knew their purpose, and if they would sur-\\nvey a tract of land he had chosen, he would show the\\nbest lands in all that section of country, for he had\\nhunted over it; and, further, that he was on friendly\\nterms with the Indians, and would insure the party\\nagainst any attack or molestation by them.\\nThis was agreed to and the survey made, and the\\npatent assured to St. Clair (pronounced Sinkler) in 1753.\\nSome confirmation of this tradition is found in the fact\\nthat the date of the patent to St. Clair is the same\\n(1753) as those to Aspiuvale and the Salt Lick (now\\nthe Alkaline Works of Sniythe county), patented to\\nCharles Campbell.\\nSt. Clair s choice, a fine body of land on the South\\nFork of the Holston, is now known as Sinkler s Bottom.\\nIt is well situated, but was the least fertile tract sur-\\nveyed by those sagacious judges of soils, Charles Camp-\\nbell and John Buchanan.\\nIn the distribution of the lands under the grant to\\nColonel Patton, the tradition of the families is, that\\nevery alternate survey was for the daughters or sisters\\nof the surveyors.\\nJohn Buchanan first settled at Pattonsburg, on the\\nJames river, in Botetourt county, and the opposite bank\\nwas called Buchanan. A few years afterwards he moved\\nto the tract given to his wife Margaret by her father.\\nColonel James Patton, and called it Anchor and Hope.\\nThe present Anchor and Hope Church near Miax\\nMeadows, in Wythe county, is not far from the site of\\nJohn Buchanan s house.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0020.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenttrian. 15\\nMrs. Laetitia Floyd (daughter of Colonel William\\nPreston, and wife of Governor pJolin Floyd), says in\\nher letters to her son that Colonel Patton came to\\nthe extreme western counties of this State (Virginia);\\nhe located all the fine lands of Upper James river,\\nCatawba, and the Amsterdam lands in Botetourt\\ncounty; he then came to North Roanoke, Strouble s\\ncreek, embracing the Blacksburg lands and Smithfleld,\\nthe present seat of Colonel James Patton Preston.\\nAfter that he came to Burk s Garden and the Rich\\nValley on the Holstein, in which the celebrated salt-\\nworks of Mrs. Sally (Sarah) Preston and Mr. William\\nKing are situated. She says that this exploration was\\nafter the treaty with the Indians, made at Log Town,\\nsomewhere near Pittsburg. In this Mrs. Floyd makes a\\nchronological mistake. The treaty of Log Town was\\nmade January 13, 1752, nearly four years after the\\npioneer exploration. But on the streams and at the\\nplaces mentioned by Mrs. Floyd surveys were made by\\nColonel Patton s deputies or agents, John Buchanan\\nand Charles Campbell.\\nIn confirmation of these facts it is or was of record at\\nOrange court-house and Staunton that the lands were\\nheld by William Preston s descendants near Amsterdam\\nand Fincastle, in Botetourt; John Buchanan s at Pat-\\ntonsburg and Anchor and Hope; William Thompson s\\n(who married Colonel Patton s daughter Ann), at Burk s\\nGarden, and on the Holston, where Chilhowie is now\\nsituated. This latter tract extending from Walker s\\nMountain on the north and over the Chestnut Ridge to\\nthe south; from the Aspinvale tract on the east to", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0021.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16 Historical k^Jcctchcs and\\nand including the James Bjars tract on tlie west, must\\nliaA e embraced some 8,000 acres perhaps more.\\nBefore leaving this subject of the early surveys it may\\nbe mentioned that in 1749 the Loyal* Company was\\nformed by Colonel James Patton, Dr. Thomas Walker,\\nand others, with a grant of 800,000 acres of land to be\\nlocated north of the Korth Carolina line and west of\\nthe Alleghanj^ Mountains. In that year Colonel Patton\\nand William Ingles visited Burk s Garden and located\\nland there.\\nThis preliminary account of the patents and early\\nexi^lorations beyond the Alleghany Mountains is a neces-\\nsary preface to the story of the settlement of the country.\\nThese explorations opened a new region, fertile, pic-\\nturesque and healthy, abounding in a great variety of\\ngame. Buffalo, elk, deer, bear, turkeys and other smaller\\nbirds and beasts frequented the primitive forests and\\nglades, and the streams were full of fine fish. It is not\\nto be Avondered at that a current of immigration flowed\\ninto this choicest of lands, and filled up the recesses\\nin the vicinity of the first large surveys.\\nTrans-Alleghany Pioneer, p. 108.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0022.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Rcininificcnccs of an Ocioycnarian. 17\\nCHAPTER II.\\nThe most substantial early settlers on the v^^aters of\\nthe Holston were the Scotch-Irish or their descendants.\\nThey came not only from Augusta and the Valley of Vir-\\nginia, but from Pennsylvania and directly from Ireland\\nand Scotland. The frequent murderous incursions of the\\nIndians into Pennsylvania and along the borders of the\\nOhio turned the tide of immigration more towards the\\ninterior, and the large grants to Borden and to Beverley\\nManor induced many to seek the more secluded and\\nequally eligible lands of the western waters. It may be\\nimpossible now to ascertain who were the firf t settlers\\nin the Valley of the Holston. The first name I have found\\nis that of Samuel Stalnaker, whom Dr. Walker mentions\\nin his journal (March 23, 1750). He had met Stalnaker\\nin April, 1748, between the Reedy Creek settlements\\nand Holston river, on his way to trade with the Cherokee\\nIndians.\\nIn 1750, Stalnaker had settled on the Holston about\\nnine miles below Davis Bottom, and Dr. Walker and\\nMr. Powell helped him to build his cabin. The location\\nof this, the first cabin on the waters of the Holston,\\ncannot now be ascertained.\\nThe next name mentioned is that of Taylor, who had", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0023.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18 Historical Hkctchcs and\\nsettled at Sapling Grove (now Bristol), and from whom\\nColonel Patton bought the settler s right and gave the\\ntract to his son-in-law, John Buchanan, to whose heirs\\nthe patent for 1,960 acres was issued, as heretofore\\nstated.\\nNext comes St. Clair, the hunter, to whom was\\npatented Sinkler s Bottom in 1753. Not long afterAvards\\ncame the Dungans, who squatted on a part of the Aspin-\\nvale tract, and afterwards entered land near the foot of\\nWalker s Mountain. Soon other settlers poured in and\\ntook up land further west. On the South Fork were the\\nScotts, Thomases and Grahams; on the Middle Fork the\\nEdmondsons, Berrys, Dentons, and many others. On\\nthe North Fork, near the Salt-works, were the Scotts,\\nLyons, Crabtrees, Talbots, Henegars and others. In\\nshort, the tide of immigration was directed to this in-\\nterior and fertile country by Colonel Patton, Dr. Thomas\\nWalker and others of the Loyal Company, and by the\\nfact that the settlements on the waters of the Ohio from\\nPennsylvania and the Valley of Virginia westward were\\nmade unsafe by the hostility of the Indians, who in times\\nof peace were troublesome, and whose plundering incur-\\nsions often terminated in pitiless massacres. These\\ninfluences combined to fill rapidly the Valley of the\\nHolston, so that in tAventy years from the date of the\\nearliest patents, and less than thirty years after the first\\npioneer exploration (1748) there was a well-organized\\nand established community of intelligent and God-fear-\\ning people. No better evidence of this fact need be\\nadduced than that in January, 1773, there were one hun-\\ndred and thirty-eight (138) signatures to a call from the", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0024.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences ejf an Octof/enarian. 19\\nunited congregations of Ebbing and Sinking Springs on\\nHolston s river, Fincastle county, to be presented to the\\nRev. Cliarles Cumniings, minister of the Gospel at the\\nRev. Presbytery of Hanover, then sitting at the Tinkling\\nSpring.\\nSinking Spring is not a mile northwest of Abingdon,\\nat the eastern base of Academy Hill. The Ebbing Spring\\nis about tAvelve miles east of Abingdon, on the Middle\\nFork of Holston, and Tinkling Spring, where the Presby-\\ntery sat, is in Augusta county, about three miles west of\\nFishersville.\\nThe full list of the 138 signatures to this call was given\\nby Governor David Campbell, November 12, 1851, to the\\nRev. William Henry Foote, and is found on pages 116\\nand 117 of his Sketches of Virginia (second series).\\nThese names are so familiar to many of the citizens of\\nWashington county that the list is copied in full:\\nWilliam Lester, James Piper,\\nW^illiam Page, James Harrold,\\nSamuel Buchanan, Jr., Samuel Newell,\\nThomas Montgomery, David Wilson,\\nSamuel Bell, David Craig,\\nJohn Campbell, Robert Gamble,\\nRichard Moore, Andrew Martin,\\nThomas Ramsey, Augustus Webb,\\nSamuel Wilson, Samuel Brigg,\\nJoseph Vance, W^esley White,\\nWilliam Young, James Dorchester,\\nWilliam Davidson, James Fulkerson,\\nJames Young, Stephen Jordan,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0025.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20\\nIfisforical i^lrtchcs and\\nJoliu Sliarp,\\nJohn Long\\nRobert Topp,\\nJohn Hnnt,\\nThomas Bailey,\\nDavid Gattgood,\\nAlexander Breckinridge\\nGeorge Clark,\\nJames Molden,\\nWilliam Blanton,\\nChris r Acklin,\\nJames Craig,\\nJoseph Gamble,\\nJohn McNabb,\\nChris r Fnnkhonser,\\nJohn Funkhouser,\\nJohn Fnnkhonser, Jr.,\\nJohn Sharp,\\nJohn Berry,\\nJames Montgomery,\\nSamuel Hnston,\\nHenry Cresswell,\\nGeorge Adams,\\nGeorge Buchanan,\\nJames Dysart,\\nWilliam [Miller,\\nAndrew Leeper,\\nDavid Snodgrass,\\nDan l jNfcCormick,\\nFrancis Kincannon,\\nJoseph Snodgrass,\\nAlex. Laughlin,\\nJames Inglish,\\nJohn Bobinson,\\nJames Kincannon,\\nMargaret Edmiston,\\nJohn Edmiston,\\nJohn Boyd,\\nKobert Kirkham,\\nMartin Pruit,\\nNicholas Brobston,\\nAndrew Miller,\\nAlexander McNutt,\\nWilliam Bruitt,\\nJohn McCutchen,\\nJames Berry,\\nJames Trimble,\\nWilliam Berry,\\nMoses Buchanan,\\nDavid Carson,\\nSamuel Buchanan,\\nWilliam Bates,\\nWilliam McMillin,\\nJohn Kennedy,\\nKobert Lamb,\\nThomas Rafferty,\\nThomas Baker,\\nJohn Groce,\\nRobert Buchanan,\\nThomas Evans,\\nWilliam Marlor,\\nWilliam Edmiston,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0026.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Rfniiiiiscrnccs of an Oclof/oKiridii.\\n21\\nJames Tlionipson,\\nRobert Deniston,\\nWilliam Edmiston,\\nSam l Edmiston,\\nAndrew Kin cannon,\\nJohn Kelley,\\nGeorge Blaclvburn,\\nWilliam Blackburn,\\nJames Vance,\\nJohn Casey,\\nBenjamin Logan,\\nRobert Edmondson,\\nThomas Berry,\\nRobert Trimble,\\nWilliam JMcGaughey,\\nDavid Drydon,\\nWilliam McNabb,\\nJohn Davis,\\nIlalbert iMcCliire,\\nArthur Blackburn,\\nKath l Davis.\\nSam l Evans,\\nWilliam Kennedy,\\nAndrew McFarren,\\nSam l Hendry,\\nJohn Patterson,\\nJames Gil more,\\nJohn Lowrey,\\nWilliam Christian,\\nAndrew^ Colvill,\\nRobert Craig,\\nThomas Edmiston,\\nJohn Beaty,\\nDavid Beaty,\\nGeorge Feator,\\nMich l Halyacre,\\nStephen Cawood,\\nJames Garvill,\\nRobert Buchanan, Jr.,\\nEdward Jamison,\\nRichard Higgons,\\nJohn Lester,\\nHugh Johnson,\\nEdward Pilaris,\\nJosei)h Lester,\\nSam l White,\\nGeorge Blackburn,\\nArthur Blackburn,\\nWm. Blackburn,\\nJoseph Black,\\nJoseph Craig,\\nRobert Craig,\\nJohn Dover,\\nNathaniel Davis,\\nGeo. Clark,\\nJohn Campbell,\\nJas. Gil more,\\nJohn Lowrey,\\nGeo. Feator (Flenor?)\\nJas. Dysart,\\nJohn Kelley,\\nJas. Piper,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0027.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 Historica] .SlrtcJics and\\nJoseph Black, Stephen Cawood,\\nJonathan Douglass, John Lester,\\nWilliam Berry, James Lester,\\nJohn Cusick, Wm. Lester.\\nThe Ebbing Spring-, I am sorry to hear, has ceased to\\nebb and flow. \\\\Yhen I last visited it it ebbed and flowed\\nat intervals of about two or three hours. In its normal\\ncondition it is a bold, beautiful stream, flowing from\\namong limestone rocks. Before the water begins to flow\\nthere is a gurgling sound, and then the stream gushes\\nout with a rapid current, filling the channel. The ebb\\nbegins gradually and in less than half an hour the spring\\nis as limpid and quiet as it was before the disturbance.\\nIt will be observed that the Call is dated Fincastle\\ncounty. At that time this county embraced all that\\ncountry belonging to Virginia west of Montgomery\\ncounty, and was supposed to extend to the Ohio on the\\nnorth and the Mississii)i on the west. It had a short\\nexistence, as it was established in 1772, and abolished\\nin 1776, when the territory covered by it was divided\\ninto three new counties viz., Montgomery, Washington,\\nand Kentuck} It was called Fincastle from the seat\\nof Lord Botetourt, in England, Fin Castle. The county\\nseat of this county was at Fort Chiswell, now in\\nWythe county, and the seat of the McGavock family.\\nThe fort was built by the State in 1758 under the direc-\\ntion and superintendence of the third Colonel William\\nByrd, and named by him after his friend. Colonel John\\nChiswell, the owner and operator of the New River", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0028.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "Rctitini,s(riicc.s of an Ori() /viiari ui. 23\\nLead Mines (then but recently discovered by him), a\\nfew miles distant.\\nFort Chiswell has other claims to historical associa-\\ntion. It was the meetini place, in all probability, of that\\nband of West Augusta patriots who were the first to\\nresolve to resist the aggressions of England by force.\\nThe author of those celebrated Fincastle Resolutions\\nis not authentically ascertained. They may have been\\nwritten by the Kev. Charles Cummings, or by Colonel\\nWilliam Preston, or William Christian, or Arthur or\\nWilliam Campbell, or by some other of the many who\\nsigned them. The only names given by Lyman C. Draper\\nin King s iMountain and Its Heroes are Colonels Wil-\\nliam Preston, William Christian, Arthur and William\\nCampbell, and William Edmondson, Rev. Charles Cum-\\nmings and other leaders of Fincastle county, comprising\\nthe Holston settlements. They are dated January 20,\\n1775, three months before the battle of Lexington; four,\\nbefore the patriotic resolves of the people of Mecklen-\\nburg, North Carolina; five, before the battle of Bunker s\\nHill, and nearly a year and five months before the Decla-\\nration of Independence.\\nThese resolutions were sent to General Washington,\\nthen a member of the convention in Philadelphia. He\\nknew, personally, several of the signers, and was a friend\\nand correspondent of Colonel William Preston. With\\nthis knowledge of the leaders and the people of the\\ncounty they represented, he felt warranted in saying,\\nStrip me of the dejected and suffering remnant of my\\narmy; take from me all that I have left; leave me but a\\nbanner; give me but the means to plant it upon the", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0029.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "2J^ Historical ^^Irtches and\\nmountains of West Augusta,* and I will yet draw around\\nme the men who will lift up their bleeding country from\\nthe dust and set her free.\\nThe report of the committee appointed to draft the\\nproceedings to the meeting of the Freeholders of Fin-\\ncastle county, and the Holston settlement is so\\nreplete with interest and reflects so accurately the feel-\\nings of the intelligent citizens of Virginia at that period,\\nthat I giye in full the text of the copy so kindly furnished\\nme by R. A. Brock, former secretary of the Historical\\nSociety of Virginia, and present secretary of the South-\\nern Historical Society. The men who composed that\\ncommittee were representatiye men, and a more intelli-\\ngent and patriotic group could not be found in any sec-\\ntion of the Old Dominion. Their names are house-\\nhold \\\\yords in Southwest Virginia. For their seryices\\nin the Keyolutionary War as citizens and soldiers each\\none deseryes a separate biography and a monument of\\nmarble. Well may their descendants be proud of such\\nancestors.\\nAmerican ARCHiyES.\\nFixcASTLE County (Virginia) Meeting.\\nIn obedience to the resohes of the Continental Con-\\ngress, a meeting of the Freeholders of Fincastle county,\\nin Virginia, was held on the 20th day of January, 1775,\\nSome of Augusta County s favorite orators have quoted this pas-\\nsage from Gov. McDowell s speech as applying to that county cxcIusircJi/,\\nbut it is fair to presume that it had pnminihj reference to the signers\\nof the Fincastle Resolutions as well as to his friends, the Lewises and\\nothers of Augusta County.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0030.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Rcmiuiscoicrs of an Ortonruariaii. 25\\nwho, after approving of the association framed by that\\naugust body in behalf of all the Colonies, and subscrib-\\ning thereto, proceeded to the election of a committee to\\nsee the same carried punctually into execution, when the\\nfollowing gentlemen were nominated: The Rev. Charles\\nCummings, Colonel William Preston, Colonel William\\nChristian, Captain Stephen Trigg, Major Arthur Camp-\\nbell, Major William Inglis, Captain Walter Crockett,\\nCaptain John IMontgomery, Captain James McGavock,\\nCaptain William Campbell, Captain Thomas Madison,\\nCaptain Daniel Snuth, Captain William Russell, Captain\\nEvan Shelby, and Lieutenant William Edmondson.\\nAfter the election the committee made choice of Colonel\\nWilliam Christian for their chairman, and appointed Mr.\\nDavid Campbell to be clerk.\\nThe following address was then unanimously agreed\\nto by the people of the county, and is as follows:\\nTo the Honorable Peyton Randolph, Esquire, Richard\\nHenry Lee, George Washington, Patrick Henry,\\nJunior, Richard Bland, Benjamin Harrison, and\\nEdmund Pendleton, Esquires, the Delegates from\\nthis Colony who attended the Continental Congress\\nheld in Philadelphia:\\nGentlemen, Had it not been for our remote situation\\nand the Indian war which we were lately engaged in,*\\nto chastise those cruel and savage people for the many\\nmurders and depredations they have committed among\\nCalled Dunmore s War, and ended by the battle at Point Pleasant,\\nOctober 10, 1774.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0031.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26 Historwal mrtches and\\nUS, now happily terminated under the auspices of our\\npresent worthy Governor, his excellency the Right Hon-\\norable the Earl of Dunmore, we should before this time\\nhave made known to you our thankfulness for the very\\nimportant services you have rendered to your country,\\nin conjunction with the worthy delegates from the other\\nprovinces.\\nYour noble efforts for reconciling the ^Mother Country\\nand the Colonies on rational and constitutional princi-\\nples, and your pacific, steady and uniform conduct in all\\nthat arduous work entitle you to the esteem of all British\\nAmerica, and will immortalize you in the annals of your\\ncountry. We heartily concur in your resolutions,* and\\nshall in every instance strictly and invariably adhere\\nthereto.\\nWe assure you, gentlemen, and all our countrymen,\\nthat we are a people whose hearts overflow with love\\nand duty to our lawful sovereign, George Third, whose\\nillustrious house for several successive reigns have been\\nthe guardians of the civil and religious rights and liber-\\nties of British subjects as settled at the glorious Revolu-\\ntion; that we are willing to risk our lives in the service\\nof his Majesty for the support of the Protestant religion\\nand the rights and liberties of his subjects as they have\\nbeen established by Compact, Law and Ancient Charter.\\nWe are heartily grieved at the differences which now\\nsubsist between the parent State and the Colonies, and\\nmost ardently wish to see harmony restored on an equit-\\nThese resolutions were passed on the 14th October, 1774. Hinton s\\nUnited States, pp. 232-3-4.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0032.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an ()cto /enarian. 21\\nable basis, and by the most lenient measures that can be\\ndevised by the heart of man. Many of us and our fore-\\nfathers left our native land, considering it a kingdom\\nsubjected to inordinate power, and greatly abridged of\\nits liberties; we crossed the AtJautic, and explored this\\nuncultivated wilderness, bordering on many nations of\\nsavages, and surrounded by mountains almost inaccessi-\\nble to any but those very savages, who have incessantly\\nbeen committing barbarities and depredations on us\\nsince our first seating this country. The fatigues and\\ndangers we patiently encountered supported by the\\npleasing hope of enjoying those rights and liberties\\nwhich had been granted to Virginians, and were denied\\nus in our native country, and of transmitting them invio-\\nlate to our posterity; but soon to these remote regions\\nthe hand of unlimited and unconstitutional power hath\\npursued us, to strip us of that liberty and property with\\nwhich God, nature, and the rights of humanity have\\nvested us. We are ready and Avilling to contribute all in\\nour power for the support of his Majesty s Government,\\nif applied to constitutionally, and when the grants are\\nmade by our own representatives, but cannot think of\\nsubmitting our liberty or property to the power of a\\nvenal British Parliament, or the will of a corrupt\\nministry.\\nWe by no means desire to shake off our duty or our\\nallegiance to our lawful sovereign, but, on the contrary,\\nshall ever glory in being the loyal subjects of a Protes-\\ntant Prince, descended from such illustrious progenitors\\nas long as we can enjoy the free exercise of our Religion", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0033.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 Historical m-cfches and\\nas Protestants, and our Liberties and Properties as\\nBritish subjects.\\nBut if no pacific measures shall be proposed or adopted\\nby Great Britain, and our enemies shall attempt to dra-\\ngoon us out of these inestimable privileges which we are\\nentitled to as subjects, and to reduce us to a state of\\nslavery, we declare that we are deliberately and reso-\\nlutely determined never to surrender them to any power\\nupon earth, but at the expense of our lives.\\nThese are our real, though unpolished, sentiments of\\nliberty and loyalty, and in them we are resolved to live\\nand die.\\nWe are, gentlemen, with the most perfect esteem and\\nregard, your most obedient servants.\\nCopy Verbatiini et Literatim.\\nBi/ Dr. R. A. Brocl\\nRichmond, Va., April 30, 1898.\\nThe spirit of freeman in Virginia was not of recent\\nnor of ephemeral growth. Nearly ten years before the\\ndate of this meeting of the Freeholders of Fincastle\\ncounty, Virginia, says Mr. George Bancroft, received\\nthe plan to tax America by Parliament with consterna-\\ntion.\\nPatrick TIenry, then, for the first time, a member of\\nthe Legislature, saw the time for the enforcement of\\nthe stamp tax drawing near, while all the other colo-\\nnies, through timid hesitation, or the want of oppor-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0034.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "Ron Uii seen cc)-i of an Ociogrnarian. 29\\ntunity, still remaiued silent, and cautious loyalty\\nbushed the exi^erienced statesmen of bis own, made\\nthat celebrated s])eecb in wbicb be said, Tai-quin and\\nCaesar bad eacb bis Brutus; Cbarles tbe Fir.st bis Crom-\\nwell, and George tbe Tbird Treason, sbouted\\ntbe Speaker, Treason, treason, was ecboed round tbe\\n]iouse, wbile Ileuiy, fixing bis eye on tbe first inter-\\nrupter, continued witbout faltering, may profit by\\ntbeir example.\\nOn tbe same da^^ of tbis meeting, tbe Parliament of\\nEngland was discussing tbe rigbt of taxing tbe American\\nColonies, w^ben Lord Cbatbam delivered tbat eloquent\\nspeecb in defence of tbe Colonies wbicb endeared bim to\\nevery American. In it be declared, But bis Majesty is\\nadvised tbat tbe union in America cannot last. I pro-\\nnounce it a union, solid, permanent and effectual. Its\\nreal stamina are to be looked for among tbe cultivators of\\ntbe land; in tbeir simplicity of life is found tbe integrity\\nand courage of freedom. Tbese true sons of tbe earth\\nare invincible. Tbe spirit of tbe patriots of Fort Chis-\\nwell was inspiring the mind and heart of the British\\norator and statesman.\\nIn Mr. Bancroft s account of tbis meeting of Free-\\nholders, be says it was near Abingdon. A distance of\\nmore than sixty miles separates tbe localities.\\nTbe Ougress proceeded with great deliberation; its\\ndebates were held with closed doors, and tbe honor of\\neach member was solemnly engaged not to disclose any\\nof the discussions till such disclosure was declared ad-\\nvisable by the majority. It was not till tbe I4tb of", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0035.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30 Historical ^^IrtcJics and\\nOctober that the following series of resolutions, which\\nmay be regarded as their grand declaration of rights and\\ngrievances, was j)assed and proniulgated. To abridge or\\nanalyze them would be an injustice to the memory of\\ntheir authors, and to the fidelity of history. We there-\\nfore present them entire:\\nRi solvfd, unanimously. That the inhabitants of the\\nEnglish Colonies in North America, by the immutable\\nlaws of nature, the principles of the English Constitu-\\ntion, and the several charters or compacts, have the fol-\\nlowing rights:\\n1. That they are entitled to life, liberty and property;\\nand they have never ceded to any foreign power what-\\never a. right to dispose of either without their consent.\\n2. That our ancestors who first settled these Colonies\\nwere, at the time of their emigration from the Mother\\nCountry, entitled to all the rights, liberties, and immuni-\\nties of free and natural-born subjects within the realm\\nof England.\\n3. That by such emigration they by no means for-\\nfeited, surrendered, or lost any of those rights, but that\\nthey were, and their descendants now are, entitled to the\\nexercise and enjoyment of all such of them as their local\\nand other circumstances enable them to exercise and\\nenjoy.\\n4. That the foundation of English liberty, and of all\\nfree governments, is a right in the people to participate\\nin their legislative council, and as the English colonists\\nare not represented, and, from their local and other cir-\\ncumstances, cannot properly be represented, in the", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0036.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "Rt Dtiii hsccitccs of ail Ovtoijcuarian. 31\\nBritish Parliament, tliey are entitled to a free and\\nexclusive power of legislation in their several provincial\\nlegislatures, where their right of representation can\\nalone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal\\npolicy, subject only to the negative of their sovereign, in\\nsuch manner as has been heretofore used and accus-\\ntomed. But from the necessity of the case, and a regard\\nto the mutual interest of both countries, we cheerfully\\nconsent to the operation of such acts of the British Par-\\nliament as are, hona fide, restrained to the regulation of\\nour external commerce, for the purpose of securing the\\ncommercial advantages of the whole empire to the\\nMother Country, and the commercial benefit of its repre-\\nsentative members; excluding every idea of taxation,\\ninternal or external, for raising a revenue on the subjects\\nin America, without their consent.\\n5. That the respective Colonies are entitled to the\\ncommon law of England, and, more especially to the\\ngreat and inestimable privilege of being tried by their\\npeers of the vicinity, according to the course of law.\\n6. That they are entitled to the benefit of such of\\nthe English statutes as existed at the time of their colo-\\nnization, and which they have, by experience, respec-\\ntively found to be applicable to their several local and\\nother circumstances.\\n7. That these, his INIajesty s Colonies, are likewise\\nentitled to all the immunities and privileges granted\\nand confirmed to them by royal charters, or secured by\\ntheir several codes of provincial laws.\\n8. That they have a right peaceably to assemble,\\nconsider of their grievances, and petition the King; and", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0037.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32 Historical l^^krtchcs and\\nthat all prosecntions, prohibitory proclamations and com-\\nmitments for the same are illegal.\\nD. That the keeping- a standing army in these Colonies\\nin times of peace, Avithout the consent of the Legislature\\nof that Colony in which snch army is kept, is against law.\\n10. It is indispensable to good government, and ren-\\ndered essential by the English Constitution, that the\\nconstitnent branches of the Legislature be independent\\nof each other; tliat, tlierefore, the exercise of legislative\\npower in several Colonies, by a council appointed during\\npleasure by the Crown, is unconstitutional, dangerous\\nand destructive to the freedom of American legislation.\\nAll and each of which the aforesaid deputies, in\\nbehalf of themselves and their constituents, do claim,\\ndemand, and insist on as their indubitable rights and\\nliberties, which cannot be legally taken from them,\\naltered or abridged by any power whatever, without\\ntheir consent, by their representatives in their several\\nprovincial legislatures.\\nIn the course of our inquiry, they proceed to say,\\nwe find many infringements and violations of the fore-\\ngoing rights, which, from an ardent desire that harmony\\nand mutual intercourse of affection and interest may be\\nrestored, we pass over for the present, and proceed to\\nstate such acts and measures as have been adopted since\\nthe last war, which demonstrate a system formed to\\nenslave America.\\nIn their address to the people of Great Britain, after\\nenumerating the several acts of Parliament deemed to\\nbe violations of their rights, they appeal for relief to the\\ngenerosity, to the virtue, and to the justice of the nation.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0038.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octoijenunan. S3\\nYou have been told, they say, that we are seditions,\\nimpatient of government, and desirous of independency.\\nBe assured that these are not facts, but calumnies. Per-\\nmit us to be as free as yourselves, and we shall ever\\nesteem a union with you to be our greatest glory and\\nour greatest happiness; we shall ever be ready to contri-\\nbute all in our power to the welfare of the whole empire;\\nwe shall consider your enemies as our enemies, and your\\ninterest as our own. But if you are determined that\\nyour ministers shall wantonly sport with the rights of\\nmankind; if neither the voice of justice, the dictates of\\nthe law, the principles of the constitution, or the sugges-\\ntions of humanity, can restrain your hands from shedding\\nhuman blood in such an impious cause, we must then tell\\nyou that we will never submit to be hewers of wood and\\ndrawers of water for any ministry or nation in the world.\\nIt was said above that ^Yilliam Preston was a friend\\nand correspondent of General Washington. As illustrat-\\ning this fact I venture to give an extract from Mrs. Mil-\\nler s ^lemoirs of Governor McDowell. Speaking of her\\ngreat-grandfather, William Preston, she says, Wliile\\npursuing his business as surveyor he fell in with a young\\nman from Eastern Virginia, carrying his ball and chain,\\nbeing engaged in the same craft as himself. The ac-\\nquaintance between them was promoted by Preston s\\nhospitable entertainment of his friend at his own\\nhouse.\\nIndians yet prowled around in that mountain region.\\nThey were not foes, however, but friends to the family\\n5", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0039.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "SJf Historical SJxdchcs and\\non the bleak knob of the Alleghanies, especially to the\\ngenial, warm-hearted, sand^-haired young man who was\\nthe head of it. They felt very differently to the dark\\nstranger who came to visit him, and, after a while, deter-\\nmined to destroy him. Seizing an occasion when the\\ngentlemen, unconscious of danger, sat chatting on the\\ngreen turf, an Indian raised his bow and took aim at the\\nunwelcome visitor. But before he loosed the arrow,\\nPreston, in the eagerness of his talk, flung himself for-\\nward so as completely to shelter his friend. The savage\\ndrew back and dropped his bow. He would not risk an\\ninjury to Preston for the gratification of a hatred, how-\\never intense. And it was many a long day, doubtless,\\nbefore either the host or his guest knew the peril which\\nhad threatened.\\nThis dark stranger was George Wasliington. The\\nfriendship of the young surveyors brought about a cor-\\nrespondence between them that lasted as long as Preston\\nlived. Long after the Indians had disa])peared from the\\nscene the young son of the sandy-haired Preston met his\\nfather s friend in Philadelphia, the one President of the\\nUnited States, the other representing in Congress the\\nVirginia they both loved. Warm relations were estab-\\nlished between the old and the young man, and in re-\\nmembrance of the old friendship the horn of a bufiPalo\\nwas produced as a trophy to Colonel Preston s skill in a\\nhunt they had had in the Alleghanies. The horn was\\nput into the hands of a clever silversmith in Philadelphia,\\nwho constructed out of it a small ladle, the handle of\\nwhich was finished with a silver cap, and the bottom\\nfilled in with a silver plate. On the inside of the plate", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0040.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octof/cnarian. So\\nWashington bad his head engraved, while 3 oung-, Preston\\ncovered the outside with Masonic emblems. This unique\\nlittle affair was much prized in the family, but the\\nowners of it, in a spirit of patriotic pride, lent it, in 1S70,\\nto the Centennial Exposition, and it was neA^er heard of\\nmore.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0041.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0042.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "RcwiiiisrnicC of an Octof/rnarian.\\nCHAPTER III.\\nFrom this long digression we turn to the less exciting\\nand more prosaic account of the early settling of the\\ncountry.\\nIn 1766, Arthur Campbell with his wife Margaret\\n(daughter of Charles and sister of General William\\nCampbell), settled at Koyal Oak, a mile east of Marion.\\nThis was one of the tracts of land embraced in the Patton\\ngrant, and assigned by Charles Campbell to his daughter\\nMargaret. Few now know much of Arthur Camx)bell,\\nand yet he was one of the most remarkable, influential\\nand talented men of the period. A brief sketch of his life\\nis given in Howe s History of Virginia (page 503), pre-\\nfaced by these sentences:\\nThe annexed biographical sketches of Colonel Arthur\\nCampbell and General William Campbell are from the\\nMS. history of W^ashington county. The notice of the\\nlatter Avas written by the former, who was both a cousin\\nand brother-in-law. This MS. memoir or history,\\nas Howe states, and as is known to many now living, was\\nwritten by Colonel John Campbell, Treasurer of the\\nUnited States in the administration of President Jack-\\nson, and brother of Governor David Campbell. It was\\nstolen from the clerk s office of Washington countv,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0043.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "38 H lHionca] Xl-vichci and\\nwhere it was kept by his uephew, James C. Campbell,\\nand has never been recovered. The loss is lamentable\\nand irreparable.\\nAs Howe s History is out of print, and in possession of\\nbut few of the present generation, his sketch of Arthur\\nCampbell will be added as an appendix to this sketch,\\nwith such other facts and incidents as may be illustrative\\nof his character and career. It may be noted here that\\nhe was born in Augusta county, 1742, and, at the time\\nwhen he settled at Royal Oak, in 17G6, was only twenty-\\nfour years old. General William Campbell was also a\\nnative of Augusta county, and was born in 1745. Soon\\nafter the death of his father (Charles Campbell), in 1767,\\nhe, then about twenty- three years old, removed to\\nAspinvale, with his mother and four sisters, and built a\\ndouble log cabin, which was his home until his death.\\nAspinvale is eight miles Avest of Marion, Smythe county,\\nand one mile west of the Seven-i\\\\lile Ford, and is now\\nowned by Charles Henry Camj)bell Preslon, the great-\\ngrandson of General William Campbell. William Camp-\\nbell inherited this beautiful estate from his mother and\\nthe Salt Lick from his father, who was one of Colonel\\nPatton s exploring expedition in 1718, as previously men-\\ntioned. The patents for these lands were granted by\\nLord Dinwiddle in the name of George XL, October 23,\\n1753. As they are somewhat curious and of historical\\ninterest, a copy of that for the Salt Lick, of 330 acres,\\nis here inserted:\\nGeorge the Second by the grace of God of Great\\nBritain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the\\nfaith, etc.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0044.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "Rcmliiificvnirf of ait (Jv(o(/(iiai-iaii. 39\\nTo all to whom these presents shall come, greeting.\\nKnow Ye that for divers good causes and Considera-\\ntions but more especially for and in Consideration of\\nthe sum of thirty-flye shillings of good and lawful\\nmoney for our use paid to our Keeeiyer General of our\\nEeveuues in this our Colony and Dominion of Virginia,\\nwe liave given, granted and confirmed, and by these\\npresents for us, our heirs and successors. Do give, grant\\nand confirm unto Charles C^ampbell one certain tract\\nor parcel of land containing three hundred and thirty\\nacres, Ijhig and being in the county of Augusta on the\\nNorth fork of the Indian river, a branch of Mississippi,\\nand bounded as f olloweth to wit Beginning at a\\ndouble Beech tree and running thence North twenty\\nDegrees West one hundred and seventy six Poles to a\\nBeech under a High Knob of a hill; thence North sixty\\nDegrees, East Eighty Poles to a white Oak; thence\\nNorth thirty four Degrees West Eighty Poles to a white\\nOak on the south East side of the hill; thence South\\nsixty one Degrees, West Eighty poles between two\\nBuckeye saplins by a brook; thence South thirty nine\\nDegrees West one hundred and thirty four poles to two\\nHiccorys; thence South seventy five Degrees West\\nEighty six poles to a hiccory and Lynn tree; thence\\nSouth one Degree west forty poles to a Hiccory and a\\nwhite Oak; thence South sixty three Degrees West\\nninety Poles to a Lynn tree; thence South one Degree,\\nWest Seventy two Poles to a sugar tree and a Buck Eye\\nthence North Eighty five Degrees East three hundred\\nand thirty five poles to the Beginning, with all Woods,\\nUnderAvoods, Swamps, Marshes, low Grounds, Meadows,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0045.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "lO lli.sioi-ical ^SJccivlic.s and\\nFeediiij^s, and his due share of all Venis Mories and\\nquarries as well Discovered or not discovered within\\nthe bounds aforesaid and being part of said quantity\\nof three Hundred and thirt}^ Acres of Land, and the\\nrivers Waters and Water Courses therein Contained\\ntogether with the Privi ledges of Hunting, Hawking,\\nFishing, Fowling and all other Profits, Commodities\\nand Heriditaments whatsoever to the same or any Part\\nthereof belonging or in any Avise Appertaining TO\\nHAVE, HOLD, POSSESS and enjoy the said tract or\\nParcel of Land and all other the granted premises and\\nevery part thereof with their and every of their Appur-\\ntenances unto the said Charles Campbell and to his\\nheirs and assigns forever to the only use and behoof of\\nhim the said his lieirs and assigns forever to be held\\nof us our heirs and successors as of our Manor of East\\nGreenwich in the County of Kent in free and common\\nsoccage and not in Capite or by Knights Service yield-\\ning and paying unto us our heirs and successors for\\nevery fifty Acres of Land and so Proportionately for a\\nlesser or greater quantity than fifty acres the free rent\\nof one shilling yearly to be paid upon the feast of St.\\nMichael the Arch Angel and also the Cultivating and\\nImproving three Acres part of every fifty of the tract\\nabove mentioned within three 3^ears after the date of\\nthese presents; provided always that if three years of\\nthe said free rent shall at any time be in Arrear and\\nunpaid or if the said Charles Campbell his heirs or\\nAssigns do not within the space of three years next\\ncoming after the date of these presents cultivate and\\nImprove three Acres part of every fifty of the tract", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0046.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Ri iiiiiiiscciicc.^ of (III Octoncnariaii. il\\nabove mentioned then the Estate hereby granted shall\\nCease and be utterly Determined and hereafter it\\nshall and may be lawful to and for us our heirs and\\nsuccessors to grant the same Land and premises with\\nthe Appurtenances unto such other person or persons\\nas we our heirs and successors shall think fit.\\nIn Witness whereof we have caused our Letters\\nPatent to be made. WiTNr:ss our trusty and well beloved\\nRobert Dinwiddle Esqr., our Lieutenant Governor and\\nCommander in Chief of our said Colony and Dominion\\nat Williamsburg under the seal of our said Colony XX\\n(20) day of August one thousand seven hundred and\\nfifty three in the twenty seventh year of our Reign.\\nRobert Dinwiddie.\\nElizabeth, the eldest of William Campbell s sisters,\\nmarried John Taylor; the second, Jane, Thomas Tate;\\nthe third, Margaret, Colonel Arthur Campbell, and the\\nfourth, Ann, Richard Postan. To each of these was as-\\nsigned those fertile and beautiful tracts of land in the\\nRich Valley on the waters of the North Fork of Holston\\nriver, and their descendants occupy portions of the land\\nto this day. These various tracts were parts of the James\\nPatton grants and were entered and surveyed by Charles\\nCampbell not long after the pioneer expedition of 1748\\nperhaps in 1749 or 1750. As Charles Campbell and John\\nBuchanan were associated in these surveys, it seems\\nprobable that they were made contemporaneously with\\nthe survey of Sapling Grove (now Bristol, Virginia-Ten-\\nnessee), b} John Buchanan in 1749.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0047.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "Jf2 Historical Slrtchcs and\\nThese were the earliest surveys made upon the waters of\\nHolston river.\\nWhen the Salt Lick was patented to Charles Campbell\\n(1753) more than one-third of the area was covered by\\nwater, and anotlier third was a morass extending- up to a\\npoint opposite the old plaster bank. The margin of the\\npond or lake/ as it was called, was fringed with tall\\ngrass, bulrushes and cat-tails, and furnished a screen to\\nhunters who could by this means get within gun-shot of\\nthe water-fowl which periodically visited in great num-\\nbers this sequestered and attractive inland lake. James\\nCrabtree, the son of the original owner of land adjoining\\nthe Salt Lake on the east, told the writer that when he\\nwas a boy his mother promised him a pint of cream for\\nevery swan he killed, and that he rarely failed to get his\\ncream every day.\\nWild geese, in their migrations north in spring and\\nsouth in autumn, made this a favorite resting place, and\\nwild ducks of several varieties passed a large part of the\\nyear on this Lake of the Woods, the water of which\\ndid not freeze as early nor as solidh as that of the fresh-\\nwater ponds and streams of the adjacent regions.\\nAs late as 1847- 48 large flocks of teal and mallards\\nvisited the valley and furnished good sport to the hunters\\nand a savory, appetizing dish for the table. Woodcock\\nwere also abundant, and here they reared their young.\\nSora were also frequently found about marshy spots and\\nditch-banks.\\nThat it was a favorite resort of the buffalo, elk and\\ndeer was natural, as the instinct of these animals leads\\nthem unerringly to saline deposits, and rich pasture", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0048.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an. Octogenarian. J/S\\nI lands. In this valley both were found in abundance, and\\nin the most attractive form, and of the best quality. It\\nit not, therefore, to be wondered at that the Aborigines\\nof the country pitched their tents and erected their wig-\\nwams near that mysterious lake. In 1846 or ISIT, when\\nthe field south of the road leading from the valley to\\nCedar branch was ploughed, the lines of former buildings\\ncould be distinctly traced by the ashes and piles of peri-\\nwinkle shells and fragments of pottery, which were\\nturned up. These were scattered along two parallel lines\\nabout fifty or sixty feet apart. One explanation of the\\npresence of the periwinkle shells is that they formed a\\nsort of medium of exchange or money among the tribes\\nwho frequented this section of country. A similar\\ndeposit of these small shells is found on Mr. Benjamin\\nBuchanan s place near Caywoods (pronounced Keywood)\\nGap, but there is no trace of former dwellings there. A\\nmore natural supposition is that these Crustacea were\\nused for food, being boiled with meat or herbs. There\\nis strong presumptive evidence that the Indians made\\nsalt here by boiling the water that flowed from salt\\nsprings which rose to the surface at the eastern margin\\nof the valley, and on the margin of the creek between the\\nCedar-Creek road and the river. The writer well remem-\\nbers two of these springs. One was at the base of the\\ntall knob that commands the valley on the east, near a\\nlarge walnut tree Avhich stood on the margin of the plain;\\nthe other issued from a crevice in the limestone rock and\\nflowed over a smooth surface to the creek. Along the\\nmargin of the latter salt was formed in clear, bright\\ncrystals during the warm days of the summer months.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0049.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "Hisiorica] f lrt( hrf and\\nOriginally the slopes of the hills inclosing the valley were\\ncovered by a magnificent forest of oak, poplar, lynn,\\nsugar-tree, walnut and elms. The imagination can\\nscarcely conceive of a more beautiful scene than was pre-\\nsented to the eye when the rich foliage of this forest was\\ntouched by the frost and reflected in the tranquil waters\\nof the lake. The colors of the rainbow seemed settled\\nupon the earth, and the varied hues of the flower garden\\nwere scattered among and rested upon the leaves of\\nforest trees. In the gloom of a damp twilight and during\\nthe w^ee hours of the night the Jack o lanteru or\\nWill o the Wisp could be seen flitting along the shore\\nof the pond, in and out of the tall weeds and bushes, and,\\nfrom the resemblance to a lantern swung by human\\nhands, might lure a benighted and bewildered traveler\\nfrom his path into the morass that gave it birth.\\nNeither limner s brush nor poet s pen can convey an\\nadequate idea of the varied beauties of this peculiar\\nalley. It must be seen to be appreciated. Its outline is\\nlike the longitudinal section of a pear, and the phases of\\nits beauty change at every point of view.\\nFrom the old Preston house the level foreground\\nextends to the ^Madam Russell House, a distance of\\nnearly three quarters of a mile. At this point the grace-\\nful waving line of the oval-shaped hills which border the\\nvalley on the north begins. Beyond these and higher is\\nLittle Bushy Mountain, crowned with its forest of pine.\\nBeyond this towers Clinch ]Mountaiu in its forest mantle\\n(azure tinted by distance) to the highest point of its\\nrange crowned by the White Rocks, which look like the\\nwalls of a giant castle, placed to command a view of a", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0050.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Ron i II i ii of an Octogenarian. J/ij\\nAvide domain spread out below. Next in altitude are the\\nRed Kecks, the flanking buttress as it were, of the White\\nCastle. They curve in the segment of a circle, and, as the\\nname implies, have caught the hues of an autumnal sun-\\nset. At any period of a clear day at sunrise when the\\nWhite Kocks catch the earliest rays; or at midday, when\\nthe plain is bathed in light; or at eventide, when the\\nlengthening shadows steal softly across the scene, and\\nthe White Kocks glow in the red rays of the setting sun,\\nthe landscape is of surpassing beauty. And at night,\\nwhen the moon is full, and, rising behind the sharper\\npeaks on the east, throws their shadows upon the valley,\\nthe scene is one to dream of, so soft, so quiet, so full of\\nthat rapture of repose that falls like dew upon the soul\\nafter the bustle and struggles of the day are done.\\nFrom the promontory-like eminence, near the center\\nof the eastern border of the plain is another but different\\nlandscape. Looking west is like looking through a re-\\nversed telescope. The valley gradually rises and nar-\\nrows to Buena Vista, a mile and a half distant; the hills\\ndiminish in height and size; and the forest-clad hills be-\\nyond bound the horizon. To the left is the old Preston\\nhouse, at one period made picturesque by the tall Lom-\\nbardy poplars, and the weeping and golden willows that\\nstood in front, at the sides and in the rear of the build-\\nings and the Sugar Loaf, like a pyramid, rising 350\\nfeet from the plain, and the old mill, with its wheel of\\n20-feet diameter turned by the water from the spring\\nthat rises in the gorge between the Sugar Loaf and the\\nadjoining hill, at the base of which is a cliff.\\nOn the summit of this rough and lofty hill eagles built", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0051.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "Jf6 Historical Slrlchcs and\\ntheir nests from the earliest settlement of the A-alley until\\nabout 1850, and added to the fascination of the place by\\ntheir graceful soaring as they rose higher and higher into\\nthe clear atmosphere. But they, with the trees, the mill-\\nwheel, and many other accessories of the past, have dis-\\nappeared.\\nFrom the western end of the valley the picture is\\nreversed, and at Buena Yista all of the valley (except the\\nPreston house and its surroundings) is spread like a map\\nbefore you. The old salt furnaces and houses built from\\nthe time of William King (in 1800) to 1865 are only some\\n600 yards distant, and add life to the scene. The horizon\\nto the east is varied by the highest ridge and knob\\nbounding the valley.\\nBut see what a change is wrought by the civilizing\\nCaucasian! The mighty battlements of white and red\\nsandstone crowning the lofty Clinch Mountains, alone\\nliave defied his handiwork. Let us suppose the mam-\\nmoth skeleton found in the cave overlooking this lovely\\nvalley was rehabilitated and did ascend in the flesh\\nagain from his dark and stony resting place to gaze\\nupon his home of the past. His great black eyes would\\ndilate and flash in human wonder nothing except\\nthose mountain cliffs seem familiar. Where was once\\nthe crystal lake cushioned in lofty forest is now a level\\nmeadow of waving grass, intersected here and there by\\ngeometric macadamized roads and well trimmed\\nhedges. Where once he glided swiftly in bark canoe\\nand whizzed his arrows at clattering wild geese, now is\\nhard, solid ground, and the crj of the water-fowl is\\nheard no more. Where once the giant forest skirted", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0052.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Rciiiiiii^iccnccs of an Orfofiviiariaii. Jf7\\nthe lake, and where, groiipino- here and there through\\nthe sylvan openings,, were seen the wigwams of his\\ntribe, now, amidst long rows of modern cottages, hnm-\\nming factories Avith great chimneys belching forth\\ndense masses of inky smoke, and glistening in the morn-\\ning snn, he sees a glittering golden cross emblem of a\\nnew race and a new faith. Bnt was not their God his\\nGod? The Great ^Maniton, the Great Spirit, of\\nthe Indians embodies the same ideal of love and power.\\nSuddenly this mighty warrior of other days starts\\nand shivers in abject terror, A shriek so deep, so pow-\\nerfnl, so all-pervading, fills the valley, echoing back\\nfrom hill to hill, that the very White Rocks give out a\\nfaint response. His untutored mind could conceive of\\nnaught save the mighty voice of the clouds to equal it.\\nHis gaze is westward, and, rushing from it, as it seemed\\nto him from beneath the earth, there comes a monster\\nserpent. Breathing fire and smoke, it glides along its\\ncheckered path with tremendous speed, stopping sud-\\ndenly, grim and panting, at the eastern end of the\\nvalley. Lo! the poor Indian. Dire distress is written\\nupon his brow. He feels and knows that all of his wild\\nkin of the woods and the buffalo, elk and bear have long\\nsince fled before this awful monster; that this beautiful\\nvalley is no more held for him and his people by the\\nGreat Spirit, and that there can never be any joy for\\nhim again upon earth. He casts one yearning, heart-\\nbroken glance over his ancient domains, and, waving\\nthem an eternal farewell, descends once more into his\\nsombre rest.\\nKindly contributed by Captain Frank S. Robertson.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0053.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "S Historical Sketches and\\nWhat it was like at that prehistoric period, when the\\nmastodon wandered through its morasses (if morasses\\nthey were) and fed upon its foliage, can never be known.\\nBut at whatever period the mastodons came, or whence\\nthey came, or how they were destroyed, they did come\\nand left as evidence of their presence their mouldering-\\nbones, buried a few feet beneath the earth s surface\\nduring all these centuries.\\nAA ell may man s imagination be troubled by such reve-\\nlation of the power of God. The first discovery of these\\nmastodon relics was made when a well was dug by Gen-\\neral Francis Preston, about 1797 or 1798, in front of the\\nPreston house, now occupied by Mr. George W. Palmer.\\nThey were only a few of the jaw teeth and other bones\\nthat soon crumbled after being exposed to the air. They\\nwere, however, enough for a practical joke played upon\\nBishop Madison (then president of William and ^lary\\nCollege) by William Preston (brother of Francis) and a\\nformer pupil of the Bishop s. He gave a glowing discrip-\\ntion of the discovery and sent to the Bishop a box of the\\npeat-like soil, which he said was taken from the stomach\\nof the exhumed monster, and asked that it be analyzed\\nto ascertain on what food the animal fed, and to what\\ngenus or species it belonged. The Bishop, knowing his\\ncorrespondent, detected the hoax, but replied that if the\\nsubstance sent was from the stomach of the extinct\\nanimal, it was of the herbivorous species.\\nSince then many other specimens of teeth and bones\\nhave been dug up. When the ditch was dug in 1847 and\\n1848 (which drained the pond) besides teeth, a rib not\\nfour feet under the surface was found. Some portion", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0054.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "KciHinisvincc8 of an Octuyviiarian. Jf9\\nof it was decayed or broken off, but the fragment was\\nlong enough to reach from the floor over the head of the\\nwriter, then five feet eleven inclies in heiglit. A large\\nfragment of a tusk was discovered by the late Governor\\nWyudham Robertson, Sr., on his place. It was about\\nfour feet long and four or five inches in diameter.\\nLeaving the prehistoric period and coming to that of\\nthe Aborigines, curious fragments of skeletons were\\ndiscovered in 1848 or 1850 by a party of students from\\nEmory and Henry College, headed by Frank Hampton\\n(youngest brother of General Wade Hampton) in a cave\\nback of the Madam Russell house. The existence of this\\ncave was known, but its orifice was almost closed by the\\naccumulation of earth washed from the surrounding\\nhills, and only a small hole Avas left. The earth was\\nremoved and an easy entrance made for the exploring\\nparty, and, furnished with candles and matches, they\\nentered the cave. Upon a ledge of rock, which was\\napparently cut for the purpose, were found the skulls\\nand other portions of two human skeletons. That of a\\nman was of almost gigantic proportions and of peculiar\\nshape. The forehead or frontal bone was so retreating\\nthat it gave the impression of being artificially pressed\\nback. The upper temporal ridge was rather flat. The\\nback or occipital bone was abnormally large. Only the\\njaw teeth remained, and they were uncommonly large\\nand strong. The leg bone of this skeleton, when put\\nupon the floor, reached to the knee joint of the writer,\\nand this, by comparative proportion, would indicate a\\nheight of about seven feet.\\nThe other skull was that of a matured female, as\\n7", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0055.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "oO Hi.storical l^kviclics and\\nproved by other portions of the skeleton. It was not\\nlarger than that of a child, but was of as beautiful pro-\\nportions and developments as a model. The bones of\\nthis skeleton indicated a stature not over three feet and\\na half or four feet.\\nIf these Avere fair t-ipecimens of the races that dwelt\\nin or frequented that picturesque country, then there\\nwere giants in those days, and, perhaps, fairy-like pig-\\nmies.\\nThe salt property remained undeveloped until about\\n1782 perhaps as late as 1785- 86. At one time it came\\nnear being sacrificed for a small amount. Charles Camp-\\nbell, the patentee, had occasion to go to Orange Court-\\nhouse, then the seat of justice, and whilst there was\\narrested for the non-payment of taxes, and kept in\\nprison bounds until they were paid. He wrote to his\\nwife, explaining his dilemma, and requested her to sell\\nthe Salt Lick tract and ransom him. She replied, Re-\\nmain where you are and I will pay the taxes. It was\\nautumn and the flax was prepared for spinning, and she\\nspun many hanks of beautiful, smooth thread, and,\\nmounting her horse, took it to market and sold it for\\nmore than the amount of the taxes and brought her hus-\\nband home. Small bunches of this thread were given by\\nMrs. Sarah B. Preston (her granddaughter) to every\\nmember of her family, and they are kept as a prized\\nmemorial of the skill and industry of that spirited and\\nnoble woman. She Avas the sister of John Buchanan, the\\nson-in-law of Colonel James Patton. The author of this\\nsketch, the only surviving member of Mrs. Preston s", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0056.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 51\\nfamily, has still in his possession the little hank given\\nhim by his mother.\\nOrganization of Washington County.\\nWashington county Avas organized at Black s Fort,\\nJanuary 28, 1777. On the 29th this order was made:\\nOrdered, that William Campbell, William Edmin-\\nston, John Anderson and George Blackburn be ap-\\npointed commissioners to hire wagons to bring up the\\ncounty salt, alloted by Governor and council, and to\\nreceive and distribute the same agreeably to said order\\nof council.\\nOrdered, that Captain Robert Craig and Captain\\nJohn Shelby be added to the commissioners appointed\\nto receive and distribute the flour contributed in\\nAngusta or elsewhere for the distressed inhabitants of\\nthe county.\\nThese are surprising and startling orders of the first\\ncourt held for Washington county, and would indicate\\na state of destitution wholly unexpected among the\\nFreeholders of the recently defunct Fincastle county.\\nThe first named commissioner to hire wagons to bring\\nup the salt alloted by the Governor and Council from\\nStaunton, perhaps, or some place east of the Blue Ridge,\\nwas the owner of the Salt Lick, where an almost inex-\\nhaustible supply could, with little labor, have been\\nobtained. His associates were intelligent, influential and\\nprominent men in the community, but to none of them.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0057.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "52 Historical Sketches and\\nnor any member of the court, did it occur that so great\\na treasure was only eighteen miles distant.\\nAnother inference drawn from the last order is that\\nno flour mill had been built in that section of country.\\nThe abundance of w^ater power unutilized wasted its\\nstrength in the shadow of overhanging trees. The early\\nsettlers were too much occupied in clearing up the land\\nfor crops that would supply urgent and pressing neces-\\nsity to give any time to diverting the water s current\\nand building mills. Self-protection was the problem of\\nthe day, and every family had to provide for itself. But\\nthis selfishness, instead of separating families, led to\\ncombinations and, by mutual help, accomplished what\\nno individual or single family could accomplish. So,\\nwhen a new family reached the neighborhood and the\\ncabin was to be built, the men for miles around gathered\\nin, and the men of reputation for carrying up corners\\ntook their places of prominence with axe in hand, and\\nrapidly notched and fitted the logs as they were lifted\\nup to them.\\nThe cause for this destitution may, perhaps, have been\\nthe absence of those patriot soldiers who had marched\\nunder William Campbell in September, 1775, to Williams-\\nburg to aid Patrick Henry in forcing Governor Dunmore\\nto return the gunpowder he had removed from the old\\nmagazine to the schooner Magdalen, at anchor in the\\nJames river. The promptness with which they left their\\nhomes allowed no time for providing for their families.\\nThese were, therefore, wards of the Commonwealth, and\\nprovided for by their neighbors and the State. If this\\nbe not the cause of the destitution, then the substantial", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0058.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 53\\ncitizens who signed the call to Rev. Charles Cummings,\\nin 1773, and the Freeholders of Fincastle county who\\nmet at Fort Chiswell on the 20th of January, 1775, must\\nhave made slow progress in clearing and cultivating the\\nfertile lands selected for their homes.\\nAfter General William Campbell s death (August 22,\\n1781) Arthur Campbell (one of his executors) took charge\\nof his estate, and, finding that some persons had made\\nsalt at the Salt Lick, determined to develop it more fully\\nhimself. By what means he did so is not known. He,\\nhowever, foresaw the value of the property and the neces-\\nsity of securing an abundant supply of fuel for the pros-\\npective furnaces. He therefore entered a large tract of\\nland adjoining the Salt Lick tract and smaller tracts\\nin the vicinity in the name of Charles Henry Campbell,\\nthe infant son of General William Campbell. This child\\ndied when he was five years old, and the property de\\nscended to his sister, Sarah Buchanan Campbell, who\\nmarried General Francis Preston. A dispute arose\\nbetween Colonel Arthur Campbell and General William\\nRussell (who had married the widow of General Camp-\\nbell) about the guardianship of Sarah B. Campbell, and\\nto reconcile the family disi3utes the court appointed, in\\n1789, Colonel Thomas Madison (whose wife was a sister\\nof Mrs. Russell) guardian of the child. In the interest of\\nhis ward he came to the Salt Lick about 1790, and built\\na log cabin on the site of the Preston house; dug a well\\non the margin of the flat below, and commenced the man-\\nufacture of salt in the primitive mode of the times.\\nThe salt-house was of hewed logs. The salt was lifted\\nfrom the kettle by long-handled dippers, and put into", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0059.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "5-^ Historical Sketches and\\nbaskets of splits over the kettles to drain. When suffi-\\nciently drained these baskets were carried along the plat-\\nform and emptied into the salt-house which stood some\\nthirty feet away from the furnace.\\nBefore Colonel Madison assumed the guardianship of\\nSarah B. Campbell, General William Russell, who had\\nmarried the widow of General William Campbell in 1783,\\nmoved his family from Aspinvale, in February, 1788, to\\nthe Salt Lick, and built the famous Madam Eussell\\nhouse. This move was prompted by the purpose of\\nGeneral Russell to give his personal attention to the\\nmanufacture of salt, which was rapidly developing into\\nan important industry.\\nGeneral Russell dug a well on the margin of the flat\\nin front of his house and obtained salt water, and built\\na furnace and salt-house. The furnace was an open shed,\\nand the kettles were the camp kettles of that day, of a\\ncapacity of from eight to twelve gallons.\\nIn 1792 General Russell s health failed, and he started\\nfor Williamsburg, where the Legislature, of which he\\nwas a member, was in session, but he died at the home\\nof his son, Robert L. Russell, in Culpeper county, on the\\n14th of January, 1793.\\nIn 1795, General Francis Preston had a frame build-\\ning added to the log cabin of Thomas Madison, and in\\nthat or the next year made his home there. It was the\\nfirst frame building erected in the valley. The carpenter\\nwas Francis Irby, who continued to be an inmate of the\\nfamily for nearly forty years. The nails used in the\\nbuilding were made by a colored blacksmith, old Cyrus,\\na slave of General Preston, and so firm was their hold", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0060.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "Rviiiiitisci ii :s of (III Ochiijciuiriau. 55\\nin the timber tliat fifty years afterwards a cliiinney-\\niiiantelpiece could not be taken down without breaking\\nit into fragments. The stone chimney at the west end\\nof the house was built by Jesse Dungan, and when the\\ncap-stone was placed he stood on his head upon it. It is\\nstill erect and remains as a monument to Dungan and\\nhis honest masonry.\\nGeneral Preston also had a well dug near to that of\\nColonel Madison. It was an open shaft of between eight\\nand ten feet in diameter and about eighty feet deep. It\\nwas cribbed or lined with hewed logs to prevent the\\nearth from crumbling in. The water in all the wells in\\nthis locality rose to within twenty or thirty feet of the\\nsurface, and was nearly as strong as that at the western\\nborder of the valley. But as the surface and seapage\\nwater gradually found its way into these open shafts the\\nstrength of the brine was diminished, and other wells\\nwere dug.\\nThe water was drawn up in large buckets by a wind-\\nlass and emptied into an open trough that led to cisterns\\nnear the furnace. These furnaces were open sheds simi-\\nlar to that of General Russell, but of greater dimensions\\nand larger kettles. The chimneys vrere not more than\\nfifteen feet high, and though the draft was sufficient to\\nburn the wood, it did not convey the heat far enough\\nback to boil the water in the kettles near the chimney,\\na distance of thirty or forty feet.\\nOn the 8th of October, 1795, William King bought from\\nJohn ]Musgrove and wife a tract of land of 150 acres for\\n\u00c2\u00a3500. This was the tract entered by Evan Lee, and ad-\\njoined the Salt Lick on the west, l^ee sold to James", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "56 Historical ketch vs and\\nCrabtree for \u00c2\u00a3120, and Crabtree sold to INIiisgrove for\\n\u00c2\u00a3100. ^IiisgTove made a good speculation, but lost a large\\nfortune by his sale.\\nMr. King oifered to transfer his purchase to General\\nPreston, telling him that he (King) was sure that salt\\nwater could be had upon it. But General Preston replied\\nthat there was enough for both of them, and he would\\nrather King should share with him than any one else.\\nThey were brother iMasons.\\nWhen King began his well is not known. He located\\nit so near the line of the Salt Lick tract that the earth\\nthrown out by the laborers fell over the line of that tract.\\nHe struck water, practically a saturation of salt water,\\nat the depth of about 200 feet, in 1799, and promptly\\nbegan the construction of a furnace and other buildings.\\nAs the w^ell was at the head of the valley the surface\\ndrainage did not at first weaken the water, and the yield\\nof a bushel of salt (fifty pounds) was obtained from thirty-\\ntAvo gallons of water. The water weighed nine pounds\\nper gallon.\\nIn Jedediah Morse s geography, printed in 1805, there\\nis this account of Preston s Salines\\nThe ummmoth, the king of the land animals, was\\nformerly an inhabitant of this country, as appears from\\nhis bones which have been dug up by laborers at Pres-\\nton s salines, North Holston, when sinking salt pits.\\nThey were from three to seven feet below the surface\\nof the earth. The bones have also been found at a lick\\nnear Nashville. Preston s salines mentioned above are\\non the North Fork of Holston, half a mile south of the\\nriver, seventeen or eighteen easterlv from Abingdon.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Rcin urlscciKrs of an OHof/ciiar HUi. 57\\nThe tract that contains these salines is a great curiosity.\\nIt was discovered by Captain Charles Campbell about\\n1745, who was one of the first explorers of the western\\ncountry. In 1753 he procured a patent for it from the\\nGovernor of Vir ;inia. His son, the late General Wil-\\nliani Campbell, the same v\\\\ ho behaved so gallantly in\\nthe American war in the year 1780 and 1781, became\\nowner of it on his death. But it was not till the time\\nof his death, when salt was very scarce and dear that\\nsalt water was discovered, and salt made by a poor man.\\nAfter this time, under the direction of Colonel Arthur\\nCampbell, it was improved to a considerable extent,\\nand many thousands of inhabitants are now supplied\\nfrom it with salt a superior quality at a low price.\\nThe tract consists of about 300 acres of flat marsh land\\nof as rich a soil as can be imagined. In this flat pits\\nare sunk in order to obtain the salt water. They are\\nfrom sixty to ninety feet deep. After passing through\\nthe rich soil or mud, you come to a very brittle lime-\\nstone rock, with cracks or chasms through which the\\nsalt water issues into the pits, whence it is drawn by\\nbuckets and put into the boilers, which are placed in\\nfurnaces adjoining the pits. The hills that surround\\nthis flat are covered with fine timber. Near this Mr.\\nKing has a well more than 200 feet deep, ten feet\\nsquare constantly more than half full of water. Thirty-\\ntwo gallons of this, and some of the other wells, make\\none bushel of salt. Two hundred bushels have been\\nmade in a day. It is equal to Liverpool salt. He can\\nsupply the State of Tennessee and Southwest Virginia\\nwith this essential article.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "58 Hi star leal i^JxTtches and\\nThis account of the salines was, in all probability,\\nwritten early in 1800, as King struck water in his well\\nin 1799, and rented the Preston salines on the 20th of\\nFebruary, 1801. Except in some unimportant facts it is\\na very good account of the valle^^ at that time. The date\\nof Charles CampbelTs discovery is antedated three\\nyears, and the discovery of the poor man was in\\nutilizing what was known to the aborigines, as previously\\nstated. The present owners of the salines may be sur-\\nprised at the quantity of salt produced and the area of\\ncountry to be supplied.\\nIt has been stated that William King rented the Hol-\\nston Salt-Works on the 20th of February, 1801, for ten\\nyears. As this first lease of the Preston estate contains\\nmany peculiar stipulations, the following extracts are\\ngiven. After describing the different tracts of land\\nembraced in the lease the contract proceeds:\\nAnd should there not be wood enough on said lands,\\ntogether with the tract of land on which John Broddy\\nnow resides, adjoining Saltville, and suitable for split-\\nting and good for wood to make up the quantity of\\n62,600 cords of wood and likewise furnish rails for the\\nland now rented from the said Preston, then the said\\nKing is to have permission to cut cord wood to that\\namount on any part of the said Preston s lands, and\\nhawl the same to the Saltworks or the works rented of\\nthe said Preston, as the said King may choose or find\\nit convenient.\\nThis rapid consumption of wood would soon have\\nstripped the adjoining lands of the primitive forest.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Ocfof/oianan. 59\\nFortunately, however, it renewed itself rapidly, and the\\nwriter liad cut from land that had been cut over twenty-\\nfive years previously as much as fifty cords per acre.\\nPermission was given to King to quarry rock at any\\nquarry and haul this and all farm and other products\\nover the rented premises, and to dig mines and search for\\nsalt-water and minerals, etc., on the premises and dispose\\nof them during the lease; and to rent all or any part of\\nthe said premises, and at the expiration of the lease to\\nremove his salt and other property, provided it was done\\nwithin nine months.\\nThe annual rental for all this property and privileges\\nwas 112,000, to be paid to Francis Preston or his order\\nor representative on the 10th day of jNIarch, 1802. The\\nfirst payment was to be at that date, and the last at the\\nexpiration of the lease. For the first three years one-\\nthird was to be paid in cash at Abingdon and one-half\\nin an order on a merchant or merchants in Richmond or\\nBaltimore, where said King may deal, current wholesale\\nselling price, at six months, on such articles as said\\nPreston may choose out of the said wholesale store; the\\nremaining .|2,000 in salt at Saltville at ten per cent, dis-\\ncount from the said King s selling prices. Residue of the\\nterm eight thousand dollars in cash, and four thousand\\nin Mdse, as before mentioned annually.\\nThe said Francis Preston further contracts and agrees\\ntliat in case other salt-works being erected within one\\nhundred miles easterly or northerly or within three hun-\\ndred miles westwardly or southwardly from said prem-\\nises in this State of Virginia or Tennessee or North Caro-\\nlina, that one or all of the said works within the said", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "GO Historical ^^1xrt(^l^cs^ and\\nbounds make 20 bushels per day or upwards, the said\\nlease to be void, if chosen by the said William King or\\nhis heirs or executors, etc. Tlien or at any time there-\\nafterwards he, the said William King or his heirs, etc.,\\nchooses by giving said Francis Preston or his representa-\\ntives, etc., a written or personal notice or advertising\\non the door of the court-house of Washington county\\naforesaid, three months previously, of his, the said King s\\nintentions. It is also agreed that in case any other salt-\\nworks being established in the said bounds, even in\\nmaking a less quantity than twenty bushels per day, that\\nshould the said King think proper to sacrifice his salt by\\nselling at or under one dollar per bushel, the said Preston\\nagrees that the said premises and works shall be rent\\nfree during the time the said King sells salt at or under\\none dollar per bushel at Saltville; and in that case the\\nsaid Preston, if he thinks proper, may commence salt-\\nmaking on his own premises, and the lease is to expire\\nif he chooses at the cease of the rent.\\nIt is also further agreed that, upon two years trial,\\nshould the said King choose, he is at liberty to make void\\nthe lease by giving twelve months notice in the manner\\nof the notice before expressed, and in any future year\\nthe same privilege, even in case of no salt oi^position,\\nonly the notice of twelve months notice in this case\\nis required, during which the said Preston is at liberty\\nto dig wells and prepare for salt-making in the manner\\ncontracted at the end of the two yeai s lease, should\\nthe said King choose to hold it so long as hereafter\\nmentioned.\\nThere are many other stipulations by which all proba-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "RcDiiuiscnirrfi of an Oriof/niarimi. Gt\\nble contingencies are provided against. The above are\\ngiven chiefly to show the mutual coufldence of the parties\\nand the apprehension on the part of King that salt water\\nmight be found within the area of the market, and salt be\\nmade and sold for less than one dollar per bushel. The\\nfear of such competition continued for many years, and\\nmany persons supposed that salt water would be discov-\\nered in the near neighborhood of Saltville. Both Francis\\nSmith and James White dug deep wells upon their lands\\nbordering upon the river without finding a trace of salt.\\nThe only trace ever found was b} Mr. Wyndham Robert-\\nson in a deep well (about 500 feet) sunk near the line of\\nthe King estate, on the western slope of the Salt- Works\\nValley.\\nW^illiam King was very successful in his business\\naffairs, and had many mercantile establishments in\\nVirginia and Tennessee. He died in 1808, and by his\\nwill directed that the salt estate and mercantile es-\\ntablishments should be managed, as equals in part-\\nnership, by his brother, James King, William Trigg\\n(who had married his niece, Rachel Findlay), and his\\nwife during the life of the latter. Mrs. King renounced\\nher interest under the Avill of her husband, but united\\nwith James King and William Trigg in an agreement\\nfor working the salines. James King died in 1809,\\nand by his will devised and directed, as far as\\nhis estate was interested in the salt-works, that it be\\ncarried on according to an agreement entered into be-\\ntween Mary King, William Trigg and himself, and that\\nhis part be under the direction of his executor, Charles\\nS. Carson, to whom one-third of the profits was given as", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "62 Historical Sl-ctches and\\ncompensation for his services. The other two-thirds were\\ndivided between his wife Sarah and his three children,\\nWilliam, Thomas and Rachel Mary Eliza. In 1813 Wil-\\nliam Trigg died, leaving Lilburn L. Henderson as his\\nexecutor.\\nThe business of the salt-works was carried on by these\\nparties until May, 1819, Avhen James White and the\\ncreditors of William Trigg filed a bill in chancery,\\nalleging waste and non-payment of William King s debts.\\nThe prayer of the bill was granted, and James White was\\nappointed receiver. On the 17th of June, 1819, Francis\\nSmith, who had married the widow of William King;\\nThomas Claiborne, who married the widow of James\\nKing, and L. L. Henderson, who married the widow of\\nWilliam Trigg, in right of his wife, and as guardian of\\nWilliam Trigg s children, leased the salt-works to John\\nSanders for five years from August 1, 1819, at an annual\\nrent of |30,000.\\nThe next year James White purchased the lease from\\nSanders, and continued in possession until 1833.\\nWhen this striking figure and remarkable man, James\\nW^hite, appears upon the stage an introduction is not\\nonly appropriate, but necessary. He was over six feet\\nhigh, of broad shoulders, deep chest, and that symmetry\\nof limb that indicate agility and strength. His physical\\nenergy surpassed that of ordinary men, and his intellec-\\ntual endowments may (in part) be measured by his suc-\\ncess in business. He was born near Carlisle, Pennsyl-\\nvania, February 22, 1770, of Scotch-Irish parents, and\\nwhen quite young was a clerk in the concern of Talbot,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "Reni uiiscruccs of an Octoijeuanau. (iS\\ntwo or three years, and that firm advanced him a small\\nstock of goods, with which he made his first trip to South-\\nwest Virginia. He quickly sold the same, and thus began\\nhis business ventures in that country when about twenty-\\none years of age. On the 4th of January, 1798, he mar-\\nried Miss Eliza Wilson, and settled in Abingdon. All of\\nhis enterprises seemed to prosper, and his control of the\\nsalt-works and its markets for salt enabled him to estab-\\nlish a great number of mercantile concerns (it is said\\nforty-five at one time) in the States of Virginia, Tennes-\\nsee, Alabama and Georgia, and from the profits of these\\nand the sale of salt large revenue was derived. These\\nprofits were invested in large interests of the Lead Mines\\nin Wythe county; in cotton plantations, slaves and other\\nproperty, which were worth at least |750,000 at his death.\\nHe died October 20, 1838.\\nAs bold and sagacious as he was, he made some grave\\nmistakes in his business. The most remarkable, perhaps,\\nwas in his contract with James Sanders, by which he\\nagreed to take all the salt that Sanders could make at\\none dollar per bushel. The estimate of the capacity of\\nKing s salines for the production of salt was from 90,000\\nto 100,000 bushels, and that amount could easily be sold\\nat a large profit. But Sanders built additional furnaces,\\nand there seemed to be no limit to the production and\\nthe consequent glutting of the market.\\nTo avoid the threatened bankruptcy. Colonel White\\noffered Sanders large sums to cancel the contract. At\\nlast it was agreed that if Colonel White would purchase\\nthe beautiful estate on the Middle Fork of Holston, lying\\nwest of the Aspinvale tract, and extending to Colonel", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "O l Ili.storical ^Irfrhr.s and\\nGreavers, below the present Chilhowie, and deed it to\\nSanders, the contract wouhl be cancelled. Tradition says\\nthis purchase cost Colonel White |75,000.\\nBefore the lease to Sanders expired, in 1824, Colonel\\nWhite renewed it for himself, and retaining peaceable\\npossession of the property, be,\u00c2\u00a3\u00c2\u00bban with his usual energy\\nto increase the production of salt and extend the area of\\nthe market. Unfortunately, the interest of Rachel Mary\\nEliza, only daughter of James King, and wife of Dr.\\nAlexander JNfcCall, was not included in the lease.\\nIn order to understand these complicated interests it\\nis necessary to revert to another peculiar bequest in the\\nwill of William King, Sr. Wishing in some measure to\\nentail his estate he devised the salt-works property to a\\nson of his brother, James King, provided he married a\\ndaughter of William Trigg and Rachel Findlay (his wife),\\nand niece of William King. Rut in default of such a mar-\\nriage, to a son of William Trigg and Rachel, his wife,\\nprovided he married a daughter of James King. It so\\nhappened that William Trigg and wife had only four sons\\nand James King only one daughter, Rachel Mary Eliza,\\nand she married Dr. Alexander IMcCall. After years of\\nlitigation the Supreme Court of the United States de-\\ncided that as the bequest of the testator could not be\\ncomplied with the property descended to his heirs gen-\\neral. This decision made all of the heirs of William King\\nco-tenants of the salt-works estate. As Dr. McCall, by his\\nmarriage with IMiss Rachel IMary Eliza, only daughter\\nof James King, had defeated the bequest of the salt-\\nworks to that family, he appeared to be infatuated with\\nthe purpose of obtaining some indemnity for it. His", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Rciiiiin.scciiccs of an Octof/ciKirian. 60\\nwife s interest not being legally included in the lease to\\nColonel White, he refused to receive his proportion of\\nthe rent, and in the name of his wife and others brought\\nsuit against Colonel White for possession, as co-tenant,\\nof a part of the property, and also for rents and profits\\nfrom 1824. This suit was not decided until February 15,\\n1833, when Judge James E. Brown delivered his opinion,\\nby which McCall and others were denied the right of\\nentering upon the property, but given the right of an\\naccount of rents and profits.\\nOn the 2d of September, 1833, Colonel White leased\\nthe King Salt-Works to Alex. McCall and William King\\nat an annual rent of |15,9T2, during the life of Mrs.\\nFrancis Smith, formerly Mrs. William King. On the\\nsame day McCall and King leased the Preston estate at\\nan annual rent of |16,000.\\nFrom the time of the first least the policy of the lessees\\nwas to prevent competition. As the water on the King\\nestate was stronger than that on the Preston, more fur-\\nnaces were erected by the lessees on the former than on\\nthe latter, and hence the salines were generally known\\nas King s Salt-Works. The furnaces on the Preston\\nestate were neglected, and were soon in a dilapidated\\ncondition. The seapage-water from the neighboring\\nmarsh diluted the water in the wells until the impression\\nwas made that this estate could not compete with King s\\nin the manufacture of salt. The rental value of the\\nformer, therefore, was so lessened that General Preston\\ndecided to develop and manufacture^ salt on his own\\nproperty. His son, William C. Preston, took charge of\\nthe property, and was so successful that the lessee of the\\n9", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "66 Historical Hlrtchcs and\\nKing estate, who was paying a large rental, soon dis-\\ncovered that the competition was too formidable, and to\\nrealize any profit a lease of the Preston estate was abso-\\nhitely necessary. This lessee Avas Colonel James White.\\nHe greatly increased the prodnction of salt, and extended\\nthe area of the market. Nearly all of the furnaces were\\non the King estate, and the salt transported on the river\\nwas hauled in wagons to different points of shipment.\\nThis involved heavy expense. It was during Colonel\\nWhite s lease that the earth around King s well caved\\nin some ten or fifteen feet below the surface, and the\\ncavity was filled by a pool of water. To support the\\nsuperincumbent earth and check the influx of surface\\nwater, he had many cords of wood thrown into the cavity.\\nColonel White ceased to rent the Preston salines in\\n1829. In 1830 Charles H. C. Preston, son of General\\nPreston, was put in possession of the Preston estate, and\\ndug a well in the vicinity of King s well, and obtained as\\nstrong water as the latter. To avoid the expense of haul-\\ning salt to the river he built furnaces where the alkaline-\\nworks are located, and conveyed the water in wooden\\ntubes to them. He died on the 13th of January, 1832,\\nbefore his more advanced plans of manufacturing salt\\nwere matured. After his death John S. Preston, the\\nmanaging partner of John S. Preston Co., lessees of\\ntheir father, Francis Preston, took charge of the property,\\nand he employed a northern man (Anthony) to put a\\npump in the new w^ell. It was of iron, and soon began to\\nleak. In the course of the next year (September 1, 1833)\\nKing and McCall rented the entire salines and estab-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "Rcniiiii. ^rcncrs of an Ociof/fiinriaii. 67\\nlislied their offices and dwellings at the river works.\\nTheir lease of the Preston property continued till 1845.\\nBefore its expiration, it was decided by the Court of Ap-\\npeals that the heirs of William Kini were tenants in\\ncommon, and that any one of them had the right to enter\\nupon the property and work the salines, accounting to\\nthe other heirs for profits. In the exercise of this right,\\nafter the death of Mrs. Smith (1839), Messrs. Alexan-\\nder and Thomas Findlay, nephews of William King, with\\nJohn D. Meitchell and others, as Findley, Meitchell\\nCo., took joint possession with King and McCall of the\\nKing well, and began the manufacture of salt. This\\ncompetition was fatal to King and McCall, and they,\\nfailing to pay the rent of the Preston estate, gave up the\\nproperty Januarj^, 1815, and Thomas L. Preston was\\ngiven the management of it.\\nDuring that year an effort was made to unite the two\\nestates under a common management. All the parties\\nin interest agreed upon the terms of the contract, but\\nwhen it was written and many had signed, Dr. Alexander\\nMcCall, for himself and William King, refused to sign.\\nHe had been present at all of the conferences, discussed\\nthe various stipulations, and urged their acceptance.\\nThis breach of faith arrested for a time the efforts for a\\ncombination, but it was regarded as so important to the\\ninterests of all other parties that an agreement was en-\\ntered into by other heirs of the King estate, and Thomas\\nL. Preston, and the business was commenced on that\\nfooting. Mr. McCall soon began building a furnace on\\nthe King estate, and this led to a long chancery suit.\\nThe court finally decided to take charge of the property", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "6 S IT isttoricaJ \u00c2\u00bbS7.T/r7/r.s n)i(l\\nand have it rented for the heirs general of William King,\\nUnder this decree of the court Thomas L. Preston rented\\nthe King estate at an annual rent of |16,000 for five years\\non the 1st of January, 184G. At the expiration of his\\nlease Wyndham Kobertson became the lessee of both\\nestates for five years at |16,000 annually for each. On\\nthe expiration of his lease Thomas L. Preston again\\nrented the King estate on the same terms for five years.\\nDuring the occupancy of King and ^fcCall no profits were\\ndeclared.\\nWhen Thomas li. Preston took charge of the Preston\\nsaline estate it was in a very dilapidated condition. The\\nfarm had been neglected, and some fifty or sixty tenants\\nwere scattered among the hills and valley s. The ditches\\nin the flat were filled, and the swamp laud extended in\\nevery direction. The cattle of the neighborhood grazed\\nunmolested on the meadows, as there was only a pre-\\ntence of a fence to keep them out. The old residence had\\nbeen occupied by rough tenants, and the doors on which\\nthe old brass locks, with their pendant handles were still\\nattached, were fastened by a ti ace chain that passed\\nthrough an inch augur hole over a rough staple driven\\ninto the side-post. The papering in the parlor hung in\\nshreds, and the closets were nests of rats and mice. The\\nout-houses were in a state of decay, and the only shelter\\nfor a saddle-horse Avas a corn-crib without a floor.\\nThe furnaces were in nearly as bad a condition. They\\nwere open sheds, and the long, heavy oval-shaped kettles\\nwere imbeded more than one-half of their area in rough\\nwalls, so that but a little more than a third of the convex\\nsurface Avas exposed to the fire.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "Rcmiiiistonwrs- of an Ocfoijcuurlau. 69\\nWilliam King invited the gentlemen who were to\\nappraise the personal property agreed to be taken by the\\nincoming tenant to dinner. The principal dish w^as a\\nroasted pig, and a former man-cook of the Preston s was\\ngiven the duty of preparing it. He stood upon the abut-\\nment of the chimney and turned the spit on the top of it.\\nIt was not more than four feet high. It is not surprising\\nthat the lessees failed who used such primitive and in-\\nadequate processes of making salt.\\nThe first furnace modeled after those of Syracuse, New\\nYork (with some original improvements), was built by\\nThomas L. Preston in 1845- 6. It was located opposite\\nthe old office, and was burned by the Yankees in 1864.\\nIn 1847, Thomas L. Preston had a ditch dug six feet\\nwide and four feet deep from the northeastern corner\\nof the valley to the old mill at the foot of the Sugar\\nLoaf Hill, on the east. When the ditches reached a\\npoint nearly opposite the Madam Russell house they re-\\nported that a rock was struck that was too hard to be\\nremoved by their picks. The rock ran vertically into the\\nflat, and on the eastern side a salt spring of considerable\\nvolume rose in the bottom of the ditch. When this bar-\\nrier was removed the water poured in such volume from\\nthe pond and the adjoining marsh that the progress of\\nthe ditch was delayed for several days, and lateral\\nditches were cut to convey it off. The earth from the\\nditch was thrown on the eastern bank and formed the\\nbasis of the present road through the valley. The entire\\nflat was drained by this ditch.\\nIn 1858, Thomas L. Preston, then the lessee of the King\\nsalines, rented both estates to Spencer Ackerman Co.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "70 ni. itorira] Slrtrhrfi and\\nIn 1863, Stnart, Palmer aud Parker piirohased the Pres-\\nton property from Robert (Jibboney, trustee of Thomas\\nL. Preston, ami in 18()4 a joint stock company of the two\\nestates was formed nnder the title of the Uolston Salt\\nand Plaster Company. In 1893 the joint saline estates\\nwere purohasetl by the present proprietors.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Ri iiiini.srrurr.s of an i irii irian.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nThe early settlers of the vicinit}- of the Salt-Works\\nwere a primitive and peculiar class of people, unlearned\\nand superstitious, but, like most frontiersmen, manly and\\nindependent. The buffalo and elk had disappeared from\\nthe country, but deer, bear and other game was abund-\\nant, and every man was a hunter and skilled in the use\\nof the rifle. They knew nothing of the luxuries of life.\\nOn one occasion, w^hen a neighbor was sick, General\\nPreston visited him, and finding that he was only weak\\nand depressed, asked if he would not like to have some\\ncoffee. He said that the would, and the General sent a\\nfew pounds. A few^ days afterwards the General called\\nagain, and asked how he liked the coffee. He replied,\\nWell, Gineral, I am much obleged for your kindness,\\nbut my old woman hikd them heans all dai/ most, and they\\nwere jist so hard I couldn t eat em.\\nThe w^omen often came and talked with Mrs. Preston.\\nOf these there w^as a notable character, a Mrs. Henagar,\\nwho had the reputation of being a witch. Her upper eye-\\nlids were paralyzed and drooped over her eyes, giving her\\nthe appearance of being blind. Whenever she read her\\nBible she was obliged to stoop over it and hold the lids\\nup with her hands. Then her vision was perfect. Mrs.\\nPreston asked her, Why, Mrs. Henagar. do people say", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "12 Historical Shichcs and\\nyou are a witch? Law, bless your sweet soul, liouey,\\nshe replied, it s because I have got more sense than all\\nof em put together. This bad reputation, however,\\nclung to her, and every riHe that had a spell upon\\nit, and every child that had convulsions in the neighbor-\\nhood was supposed to be bewitched by Mrs. Henagar.\\nSo fixed was this belief that Charley Talbot, a notable\\nhunter and marksman, once had a spell on his gun,\\nand he could not win at shooting matches nor kill a deer\\nin the woods. He said that ]Mrs. Henager had a\\ngrudge against him, and had put the spell on his\\ngun. To avenge himself and rid the neighborhood of this\\nsupposed meddlesome person, he determined to practice\\na spell upon her. To accomplish this it was necessary\\nto draw an outline of her figure upon a tree and shoot\\nit in the heart with a bullet in which there was a large\\nportion of silver. This he did, but, to his surprise, j\\\\[rs.\\nHenager did not pine away and die, but continued in\\nher usual health. He was, therefore, convinced that it\\nwas not Mrs, Henagar that had spelled his gun, but\\nsome other witch.\\nMany other stories of witchcraft were circulated and\\nbelieved, but, perhaps the best authenticated was that\\nof the children of young Mrs. Talbot and her cousin, ]\\\\[rs.\\nHenagar. They lived together on the north side of the\\nriver, about a mile from the King Salt-Works. Their\\nchildren were little girls, nearly of the same age, and\\nhad learned to talk well enough to be understood. On\\na bright summer day the two mothers barred the door\\nof the house in which the children were left, and went to\\nthe river side to do their washing. Suddenlv there was", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Brill i II i.sTCii rex of an Octof/riKiridii. 7, J\\na noise and shrill ontcry from the house, and the\\nmothers ran back to it. On entering the door one of the\\nchildren was found sittin*;- in the crib, and the other\\ngreatly excited and alarmed running about the floor.\\nSoon it was discoA-ered that the one on the floor had lost\\nthe power of articulation; was, indeed, dumb, and the\\nother, in the cradle, was paralyzed in its lower limbs, but\\ncould speak. No intelligent explanation of wdiat had\\noccurred could be given by the only child which could\\ntalk, and, as far as she could indicate, the only cause for\\nalarm was that a hlacl cat had come down the chimney\\nwith a cap on its- head This solved the mystery, and was\\naccepted by the families and the neighborhood as a clear\\ncase of witchcraft. Subsequent events confirmed the\\nopinion.\\nOn the anniversary of this event the mothers and chil-\\ndren went to bed just as they had done for a year;\\nbut, lo! when they awoke next morning the paralyzed\\nchild sprang up and ran about the floor as actively\\nas her cousin had done the day before, but that cousin\\nsat in bed talking in the advanced language of a year,\\nbut could not move her legs. This periodical interchange\\nof condition continued for two or more years, and until\\nthe paralyzed child sickened and died. The dumb one\\nlived to be an old woman. In her youth she was bright\\nand cheerful; loved dancing, and attended the festivities\\nof the neighborhood. She kept house for her brothers,\\nand when one of them lost his wife, she took care of and\\nattended to his children.\\nThe writer of this visited the family when Miss Talbot\\nAvas an elderly woman, and was struck with her tidiness,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "7-^ Historical Slrtcltcs and\\nand the neatness and orderly management of the house-\\nhold. He cannot fix the date when she particularly re-\\nquested him to come to her house, as she wished to con-\\nsult with him on an important matter of business. When\\nhe arrived her brother was in the room, and spoke for her\\nthe usual greetings and inquiries. She then motioned\\nto him to retire, and send to her a negro girl (one of her\\nslaves), whom she had taught to be her interpreter. This\\ngirl informed the writer that her mistress wished him to\\nwrite her vill. Writing materials were produced, and\\nMiss Talbot, through her interpreter, explained how she\\nwished to dispose of her estate, real and personal. She\\nowned five or six slaves, and for these (especially her in-\\nterpreter) she made kind, considerate and judicious pro-\\nvision. The landed estate was left for life to her brothers,\\nbut in trust for the nephews and nieces she had brought\\nup. As each bequest was read, if it did not explicitly\\nexpress her wishes she would pause and then insist upon\\nsuch changes as did. Her mind was as clear as the\\nclearest, and there was no uncertainty in her purposes.\\nShe was asked if the story about her cousin and herself\\nwas true. She replied, Of course I do not remember\\nanything about it, but was told that it happened as you\\nhave heard it. I have no recollection of being able to\\nspeak.\\nThe sequel is a sad one. After Thomas L. Preston\\nmoved to eastern Virginia, a plausible and designing\\nman persuaded Miss Talbot that ^Ir. Preston had deceived\\nher, and instead of writing her will as she dictated, had\\ninserted a clause bequeathing the slaves and, perhaps,\\nsome other property to himself. But if she would let", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "ReniiirisTVUccfi of m Octof/riiarian. 7;\\nhim destro}^ that will and write one for her the property\\nwould be secured to those she wished to leave it to. She\\nyielded to these suggestions, and the will was written\\nand duly executed. When, after Miss Talbofs death, it\\nwas presented for recordation, then it was discovered\\nthat the slaves were bequeathed to this pretended friend.\\nHe took possession of them, brought them to the court-\\nhouse and .sold thcni as his own. The family protested\\nagainst this fraud, but were unable to set the will aside.\\nThis information was obtained from Benjamin K.\\nBuchanan, who knew the facts, and whose integrity and\\nveracity cannot be questioned.\\nAnother incident characteristic of that period may be\\nmentioned. Colonel Francis Preston was in Philadelphia\\nwhen a ship, having many immigrants, arrived. Those\\nimmigrants who could not pay for their passage were\\nsold as servants for a term of years fixed by the price\\npaid for them. Hence they were called Redemptioners.\\nColonel Preston was struck by the appearance of a young\\nGerman, bought him, and brought him to his home. It\\nwas soon discovered that he was an educated gentleman,\\nspoke English, and was an accomijlished musician. In-\\nstead of putting him to menial service, he was installed\\nas music teacher to Colonel Preston s daughters. In\\nthis capacity he continued until his term of service ex-\\npired. On the day before its expiration. Colonel Preston\\nsaid to him, I wish you to dress in your best clothes for\\ndinner to-morrow. At the appointed hour he presented\\nhimself, and when he was ushered into the parlor he\\nstood abashed at the door, for Colonel and Mrs. Preston,\\nwith their children, were in full dress. The Colonel", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "76 Jfistorica] h l-(tchrs and\\nadvanced and held out his hand, saying, Mr.\\nyour term of service is ended, and we welcome you into\\nour family circle as a gentleman and friend. At this\\nunexpected greeting he broke down and wept like a\\nwoman. His coming to America was caused by a painful\\nand humiliating incident. Whilst on a visit to England\\nhe was made drunk by a party of gay young men, and\\nduring that insensate condition was married to a w^oman\\nof the streets. When he awoke next morning and found\\nwhat had occurred, and that by the laws of England the\\nmarriage was legal, he was so horrified and overwhelmed\\nwith shame that he started promptl}^ for Liverpool, and\\ntook passage in the first vessel sailing to America. For-\\ntunately, he fell into the hands of Colonel Preston, and\\nafter his term of service expired continued to live as one\\nof the family, until the good news reached him that the\\nw^omau he had married was dead, and that he could\\nreturn untrammeled to his family in Germany.*\\nA somewhat similar incident occurred in the family of\\nColonel William Preston, of Montgomery county, father\\nof Francis. He bought a redemptioner, and after\\nbringing him home, discovered that he was an educated\\nphysician. His name was Thomas Lloyd. He was treated\\nas one of the family, and when in the summer of IK)\\nColonel William Preston with Thomas Lewis were ap-\\nMrs. Letitia Floyd, in her letters to her son, Ben. Rush Floyd,\\nis mistaken in saying this German was purchased by her father, Colonel\\nWilliam Preston, and says his name was Aaron Palferras. This may\\nbe true of the name: I cannot recall it. The incidents of the German s\\nresidence at the Saltworks I often heard from my mother, Mrs. Sarah\\nB. Preston. T. L. P.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Rcmiiiiscrnrcft of an OcftH/fimridii. 77\\npointed commissioners by Governor Dinwiddie to make\\na treaty with Shawnee and Dehiware Indians at the\\nmouth of Big Sandy river, Dr. IJoyd was taken with\\nthem. Mrs. Letitia FI03TI (from whose letters to her son\\nthis account is taken), says: Lewis, I believe, did not\\naccompanj^ the party. The treaty was made with\\nOcanothoto and Cornstalk. Colonel Preston endured\\nsingular hardships in this expedition; he had tied his\\nmoccasins somewhat too tight; the string chafed the\\ninstep of one of his feet, which produced partial morti-\\nfication. The skill of Dr. Lloyd saved his life. The\\nDoctor continued a companion and died many years\\nafterwards, the firm friend of the Preston family.\\nThe descendants of many of the redemptioners were\\namong the most respectable families of a later period.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Rciii uiiscnicc.s of an ioijfii (riaii. 79\\nCHAPTER V.\\nCharley Talbot, whose belief in spells has been men-\\ntioned, was a notable character in his day, and illustrates\\nby his career some of the traits and opinions of the\\nmountaineers of that period. He was short of stature,\\nonly five feet eight inches high, broad shouldered, deep-\\nchested and lithe of limb, of great strength and agility.\\nOne of his feats of strength was to rest the back of his\\nhead on one chair and his heels on another and sustain\\na Aveight of 225 pounds on his chest or stomach. So fleet\\nwas he that he would bet he could beat any horse in a\\nrace of 100 yards, if the horse s head were turned from\\nthe course to be run when the word go w^as given, and\\na hurdle of rails five feet high placed midway the course.\\nThese wagers he continued to win until in the meridian\\nof life, he and the horse reached the rails simultaneously\\nand Charley s legs were caught in the top rail, struck\\nby the horse, and his thigh-bone was broken.\\nSo skilled was he with the rifle that in the shooting\\nmatches for beef he occasionally won the entire ox. The\\narrangement was that a neighbor gave notice that on a\\ncertain day and place he would offer a fat beef to be shot\\nfor. When the crowd assembled a price was put upon\\nthe animal and an auction followed for the different parts\\nof it. Tt was divided into five quarters. The first and most", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "80 Historical ^Mchc.s and\\nvaluable was the hide and talhnv then the hind quarters,\\nand, lastly, the two fore quarters. If the sums bid equaled\\nthe price of the beef, marksmen chosen by the parties\\nbegan the contest. Each marksman had his own target,\\nand the best three shots out of five was the winner. The\\nwinner of the first quarter had the right to bid for the\\nothers, or take them in succession. Charley always bid\\nin the first quarter, and if he won that continued to con-\\ntend for the others, and thus secured the entire ox, and\\ndrove it home or sold it on the spot. If he failed to do\\nthis the ox was butchered and divided pro rata among the\\nwinners and their partisans.\\nUnfortunately, Charley was too fond of a dram, and to\\nunsteady his hand and blur his keen vision he was some-\\ntimes persuaded to wet his vrhistle too often and shot\\nwildly after the first contest. The distance shot was\\nusually sixty yards for off-hand shooters, and one hun-\\ndred for those who shot with a rest. Charley was always\\namong the first class. He began life in the employment\\nof General Preston, and had the cattle under his charge,\\nbut the routine and constraints of civilized life were irk-\\nsome to one of his wild and erratic nature. He soon,\\ntherefore, after his marriage, built a cabin on a spur of\\nClinch Mountain.\\nThis cabin was situated not far from a rough precipi-\\ntous gorge and could be approached only by a steep,\\nrough and narrow path. There, in seclusion, he and his\\nwife (a fit mate for such a character) continued to live.\\nTheir frugal fare consisted chiefly of the game he killed\\nwith his rifle, and of that there was variety and abund-\\nance. Deer, bear, wild turkeys and j)heasants (mountain", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "Rnninlsccnccs of an OcUxjcHurian. 81\\ngrouse) abounded, and the flesh of these, with the various\\nforms of bread made of cornmeal, satisfied their simple\\ntastes. For luxuries they had home-made sugar and\\ncoffee, and dried berries, and always an abundance of\\nmilk.\\nCharley had charge of herds of cattle sent by General\\nPreston and Captain Francis Smith to the mountain\\ncoves for summer pasture, and attended to their salting,\\nand saw that none strayed away. For this service he was\\npaid, and this and his peltries gave him money for his\\nsmall expenditures. In his early manhood he was the\\nhunting companion of William C. Preston, of South Caro-\\nlina, and together they roamed through the mountains\\nand became familiar with every leading ridge and gorge\\nof Clinch Mountain for many miles east and west, and\\nwith all the hills and valleys between that mountain and\\nWalker s Mountain to the south. Mr. Preston leased a\\ncabin and some land to a lame Irish cobbler named\\nWalker, upon the condition that he should always keep\\na pack of hounds ready for the chase, and which he could\\ncall out at the sound of his horn. With this pack Mr.\\nPreston and Charley would go into the drive and start\\nthe deer which they knew would, after the shorter or\\nlonger chase, run to certain stands, where other hunts-\\nmen were stationed. Mr. Preston and Charley enjoyed\\nthe excitement of the chase and often killed a deer in\\nthe drive.\\nThis community of tastes made Charley a devoted\\nfriend of Mr. Preston, whom he regarded as a superior\\nbeing, and whose behests were to be obeyed without ques-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "82 Historical Sl-etc1ies and\\ntioning. In the summer of 1845 Mr. Preston visited his\\nbrother Thomas at the Salt-Works, and as they sat look-\\ning at the White Eoeks on the summit of Clinch Moun-\\ntain, he said, I would like to go up there once more\\nbefore I die, and have Charley Talbot with me. He was\\nassured that this could be accomplished. A messenger\\nwas dispatched to Charley, with the request that he\\nwould come the next morning before sunrise prepared\\nto pilot the party on this expedition. He was on time,\\nand after an early breakfast the party started. The old\\nloyalty was as fresh in Charley s heart as it had been\\ntwenty-five years before, and he rode by the side of Pres-\\nton talking as freely as he had done in the happy days\\nof early manhood. In a pause when not far from the\\nsummit, Charley was by the side of Mr. Preston, who\\nturned to him, and without preface, said, Charley, did\\nyou have anything to do with the murder of Mrs. Cay-\\nwood? Charley turned quickly, and, straightening him-\\nself up, looked directly into Mv. Preston s eyes with a\\nconcentrated gaze, and replied deliberately, William,\\nyou know Charley Talbot, and you know he is not a good\\nman, but you know he wouldn t hurt a hair on a woman s\\nhead. No! I had nothing to do with it and am as inno-\\ncent of that crime as you are yourself.\\nThen, Charley, why did you hide in the mountains,\\nand not let yourself be summoned to court? asked Mr.\\nPreston.\\nLord! William. I knowed they would put me in jail;\\nand I d ave died behind them bars, he replied.\\nYes; the eagle in a cage would not have pined more\\nthan Charley Talbot in the cell of a prison. There was", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octof/enarian. 8S\\nfurther conversation about the murder, and the evidence\\nin the case, and after a pause, ^Ir. Preston said, Charley,\\nwere you ever minded to kill any one? Charley did not\\nanswer promptly, but seemed to reflect for a moment,\\nand then answered slowly, No, William; not exactly.\\nBut there was that rascal F who told lies about\\nme, and went to Captain Smith and told him that I did\\nnot salt his cattle regularly, and took into the cove other\\npeople s cattle, and when a steer was missing said it had\\ndied from eating some pizoii (poisonous) weed, or had\\nfallen over the cliff, when I had killed it, and sold what\\nmeat I did not keep for myself. I knowccl the rascal\\nwanted my place. So I went to Captain Smith and told\\nhim I heard F had been telling these lies on me,\\nand that he ought to know Charley Talbot too well to\\nbelieve them, as we had been boys together; and he\\nknowed I took good care of his cattle, and gave an honest\\naccount of them every year. Well, one day I was still\\nhunting, and was near the head of the holler, where the\\npath across the ridge winds around it like a bow. I was\\nstanding on a log, but hidden by the brush that grew\\nabout it. As I looked around I saw F a riding,\\ncome over the top of the ridge. I set the triggers of\\nBetty (his rifle) so fine that a puff of wind would spring\\nthem.- (In demonstration of his meaning he set the\\ntriggers of his rifle, and, holding it near Mr. Preston, then\\nwith a puff of breath sprang them.) And I drew a bead\\n(sight) upon his heart, and followed all around the path,\\nsaying to myself, If it is God s will to send a wind and\\nkill this man, then tis all right. But there was no wind.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "8-) Historical ^Irtchcs and\\nand F passed on out of sight. This question of\\ncasuistry was not discussed.\\nWhen the conversation ended we toiled on to the foot\\nof the rocks. On the very apex these rocks are cleft to\\ntheir base, leaving a smooth passwaj not over ten feet\\nwide. On the southern and taller side there is a narrow\\nledge about eight feet from the base. As we entered the\\nnarrow defile, Charley exclaimed, Just look there, what\\na scuffle there has been! To T. L. Preston s eyes, there\\nwas no apparent evidence of a great scuffle, but it was\\nclear to Charley, and, looking around, he said, A pan-\\nther caught a doe or spiked buck here last night. Yes;\\nhe was lying on that ledge and when the deer passed\\nthrough, he sprang upon and knocked him down, and\\nthen they scuffled, and tore up the ground until the\\npanther got him by the throat and cut his jugular vein\\nand sucked all the blood out of him. And that panther\\naint far from here now. He heard us and has hidden.\\nIf we had a dog we could soon trace him. Then, looking\\nover the ground, he said, That deer aint far from here.\\nWe had dismounted, and, leaving the horses, Charley\\nwalked like a dog upon a trail directly to the root of a\\ntree that had been blown down, where a pile of leaves\\nhad apparently drifted, and, pulling some of them away,\\nuncovered the deer, saying as he did so, I told you so.\\nUpon examining it, the meat was fresh, only a part of\\nthe thigh eaten; and upon the flanks and neck were the\\nmarks of the claws and teeth, and the large veins of the\\nthroat were punctured. Passing on to a moist and\\ndensely shaded depression, a large tree had fallen across\\nour course, and as we neared it, Charley again said,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Reminiftcrnces of an Octoffninrian. 85\\nLook there! Stretched by the side of the tree hiy the\\nskeletons of two bucks, their heads together, and their\\nhorns so interlocked that they could not be separated\\nwithout breaking the points. These were secured and\\nbrought home as mementoes of the expedition, and were\\nentrusted to a person to be deposited in the Smithsonian\\nInstitute, at Washington. Neither this nor many other\\nspecimens of Indian and prehistoric relics were ever\\nheard of afterwards.\\nOn the return down the mountain we stopped at Char-\\nley s cabin, and, desiring to know how he avoided being\\narrested by the sheriff, the writer asked him for an ex-\\nplanation. He began by pointing out the rack for his\\nrifle over the liead of his bed, and which could be reached\\nfrom a sitting position, and said, There Betty stays\\nwhen not in my hands. Then to his saddle bags (wallets\\nswung over a pole suspended by ropes from the joist), and\\nby their side a suit of clothes. Now, you see. Tommy,\\nwhen Watch (his dog) gives the signal, I jist reach up\\nfor Betty, jerk down them saddle pockets and breeches,\\nand am out before any one can git to the door. But,\\nsaid his interlocutor, your house was surrounded.\\nYes, but I lifted the bed off of that puncheon and\\nslipped under, and my old w^onian lifted it back on it, and\\nwas in bed, mighty complaining, when they came in. If\\nthey lifted up the puncheon, they would only see a tater\\n(potato) hole under it. I was out in the ravine, and no\\nman could catch me there among them rocks and bushes.\\nThis subterraneous passage Avas never discovered, and\\nCharley eluded the sheriff and posse until he was per-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "86 Historical Slrtclies and\\nsuaded to give himself up aud establish his innocence in\\ncourt.\\nThe murder of Mrs. Cay wood was tJie celehratcd case\\nof the period, and excited an intense interest throughout\\nthe entire country. Ben Caywood was a prosperous\\nblacksmith, and, with his brother Tom, owned most of\\nthe farm now owned by Benjamin K. Buchanan at Cay-\\nwood s Gap, on the south of Walker s Mountain. He\\n(Ben Caywood) became infatuated with a woman of the\\nneighborhood named Prather, and, in order to marry her,\\nit was necessary to get rid of his wife. A cunning and\\nskillful plan was devised for this purpose. As his was a\\nlog house, about three inches of the cltinl- uig between the\\nlogs, near the door, was carefully removed, making an\\nopening just large enough to admit the muzzle of a rifle.\\nIt was then arranged that Caywood and his wife would\\nbe engaged in paring apples before a bright fire. By that\\nlight the assassin could see distinctly how to fire the fatal\\nshot.\\nMrs. Caywood (there were no children) was placed\\nnearest the door, and facing the fire presented her left\\nside to the assassin, whilst Caywood sat on the other side\\nof the fireplace, and out of the direction or line of the\\nshooting. This was the description of a witness who\\nlooked in ui)on the party not more than five or ten min-\\nutes before the fatal shot.\\nHe testified that he was returning to his home from\\nthe court at Abingdon, and as he approached the house,\\nthere was such a bright light from the door that he\\nthought the house was on fire, and, turning out of the\\nroad, he reached a point so near the house that a full", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 87\\nview of the inmates could be obtained. The fire, he said,\\nwas of dry clap-boards, once used for covering the\\nhouse, and the bright flame from them made every object\\nin the room distinctly visible.\\nHe did not disturb the quiet group, but, turning back\\ninto the road, he had scarcely passed beyond the light\\nfrom the door when he heard the crack of a rifle, and\\nimmediately screams and a great noise in the house fol-\\nlowed. These screams reached the ears of Tom Cay-\\nwood s family, not more than one hundred yards distant,\\nand they rushed down the hill to Ben Caywood s house.\\nHe (Ben) appeared greatly excited, blood was streaming\\nover his face, the room was in the greatest confusion, and\\nMrs. Caywod lay dead on the floor.\\nBen said that an attempt had been made to kill him\\nand his Avife and rob the house, and that the robbers,\\nafter the shooting, rushed into the house, but that he had\\ndriven them out after a desperate struggle, in which he\\nreceived the wound on his head; that the assassins missed\\nhim when they fired, and he showed in the fireplace\\nthe mark of the bullet that was intended for him. The\\nmark of the powder on the log where the muzzle of the\\nrifle had rested when Mrs. Caywood was shot was dis-\\ntinctly traceable as late as 1845, and was seen by the\\nwriter.\\nColonel Francis Preston happened to be at the Salt-\\nWorks, and, as a magistrate and friend, was sent for. He\\narrived early the next morning, and began an examina-\\ntion into the circumstances and facts of the case. On\\nexamining Mrs. Caywood s body, he found that the rifle\\nball had passed through the heart, and that the shot was", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "88 Historical ^Irtches and\\naccurately aimed. The powder mark on the log proved\\nthat only one shot had been fired from that point. Then\\nBen Caywood s rifle was examined, but it was covered\\nwith dust, and the condition of the lock showed that it\\nhad not been fired for some time. The premises were\\nsearched for footprints or any traces of the assassin.\\nNone were discovered. The mill-pond, which was but\\na short distance from the house, was dragged and drained\\nto see of the gun used could have been thrown there.\\nNone w^as found. But the circumstances in which the\\nmurder was committed were such that Colonel Preston\\nhad Ben Caywood arrested. He at once became defiant\\nand said he had money enough to get soon out of jail, and\\nthat there was |1,000 in silver in his saddle-bags under\\nthe bed which he would take with him. This request\\nwas granted.\\nAs stated before, Charley Talbot was suspected of kill-\\ning Mrs. Caywood, but the only grounds for the suspicion\\nseemed to be the accuracy of aim of the fatal shot, and\\nthat Charley was poor and lived a secluded life. He was\\nof a kindly nature, with a touch of chivalry, and could\\nthen have proudly said he would not hurt a hair on a\\nwoman s head. As there was no proof against him\\nattention was directed to Prather, the brother of the\\nwoman Caywood wanted to marry. A train of suspicious\\ncircumstances centered at last upon him, and he was\\narrested and put in jail.\\nIn due course of time the trial came on. Benjamin\\nEstell (afterwards Judge) was attorney for the Common\\nwealth, and the defence was conducted by Charles C.\\nJohnston, then a young man, but one of the most talented", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "Rcininisvviur.s of an Octof/vnariaiL 89\\nof the talented sons of Judge Peter Johnston. So able\\nand ingenious was the defence that the jury could not\\nagree upon a verdict, and a new trial was ordered. Again\\nthere was a hung jury. When the time came for the third\\ntrial a panel could not be had in Washington county, as\\nevery man of sufficient intelligence to sit in the trial of\\nsuch a case had made up his mind upon it. Subpoenas\\nwere sent to the adjoining counties of Tazewell, Russell\\nand Scott, Avithout success. After persistent efforts by\\nthe sheriffs and other officers a panel of eleven persons\\nwas at last obtained, but how to get the twelfth no one\\ncould tell. At last it was ascertained that the school-\\nmaster in Abingdon had said that he had not formed\\nan opinion upon the case. He was a Swedenborgian, and\\nentertained conscientious scruples against capital punish-\\nment. This was reported to Mr. Estell, and his reply was,\\nLet him be summoned. I can convince any intelligent\\nand reasonable man of Caywood s guilt. He was accord-\\ningly brought into court, and after being questioned as\\nto his opinions, was accepted as a juryman, cheerfully,\\nno doubt, by Mr. Johnston. The testimony against Cay-\\nwood and Prather was more conclusive than ever, and\\nwhen the jury were sent to their room a verdict of (/iiiltij\\nwas confidently expected. After a long delay the fore-\\nman came into court and announced that the jury could\\nnot agree upon a verdict. The schoolmaster, though con-\\nvinced of Caywood s guilt, refused to sign a verdict that\\ninvolved capital punishment. As this w^as the third trial,\\nand no verdict was found, the accused was acquitted.\\nCaywood, his silver all gone, and Prather were set free,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "90 Uhtofkid laU-hc8 and\\nbut with the understanding- that they should leave the\\ncountry at once. This they did, and were never, as far as\\nknown, heard of afterwards. The schoolmaster s school\\nwas soon broken up, and he also left for parts unknown.\\nNote. I was one of his pupils then a lad of eight or ten summers.\\nT. L. P.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "Rrnuuisrniff.^ of an Ocfof/rnariau. 91\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nThe establishment of Washington county and its civil\\nand military organization are interesting in themselves,\\nand too characteristic of the period to be passed in\\nsilence. The extracts given from Major John CampbelPs\\nManuscript History in Howe s History of Virginia are\\ntherefore copied in full:\\nThe act establishing the county of Washington passed\\nin October, 1776, but it was not to go into operation until\\nJanuary, 1777. It received its civil and military organi-\\nzation on the 28th of January, 1777. It is the oldest\\ncounty of Washington in the United States, being the\\nfirst that was called after the Father of His Country.\\nThe act establishing the county passed in the first year\\nof the Commonwealth, and the county was organized the\\nfirst month of the new year.\\nThe following are the first records made in which the\\ncounty received its civil and military organization:\\nJanuary 28th, in the first year of the Commonwealth\\nof Virginia, and in the year of our Lord Christ, 1777, being\\nthe day appointed by act of the General Assembly of the\\nCommonwealth of Virginia for holding the first court of\\nthe county of Washington at Black s Fort, a commis-\\nsion of the peace and Dedimus for this county, directed\\nto Arthur Campbell, William Campbell, Evan Shelby,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "92 Historical ^Irtches and\\nDaniel Smith, William Edminson, John Campbell, Joseph\\nMartin, Alexander Buchanan, James Dysart, John Kin-\\ncaid, John Anderson, James Montgomery, John Coalier,\\nJohn Snody, George Blackburn, and Moses Maston, gen-\\ntlemen, bearing date the 21st day of December, 1776,\\nwere produced and read. Thereupon, pursuant to the\\nDedimus, William Campbell and Joseph Martin, two of\\nthe aforesaid justices, administered the oath of the jus-\\ntice of the peace, and of a justice of the county Court of\\nChancery to Arthur Campbell, the first justice named in\\nsaid commission, and he afterAvards administered the\\naforesaid oaths to William Campbell, William Edminson,\\nand others named as aforesaid in the commission.\\nThe records also state that James Dysart liroduced a\\ncommission as county sheriff from Governor Patrick\\nHenry, and security being given, he took the oath.\\nThe sheriff having opened the court in the name of the\\nCommonwealth of Virginia, David Campbell (afterwards\\nJudge Campbell, of Tennessee,) was inducted into the\\noffice of county clerk.\\nUnder these able and patriotic men the county of\\nWashington was established, and has ever since main-\\ntained a reputation worthy of its noble founders.\\nAn act for establishing a town at the court-house of\\nthe county of W^ashington was passed at the October\\n(1778) session of the General Assembly. It provided,\\nThat whereas it hath been represented to this General\\nAssembly that Thomas Walker, Esquire, Joseph Black\\nand Samuel Briggs have engaged to give one hundred\\nand twenty acres of land in the county of Washington\\nwhere the court-house of the said county now stands,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "I\\nRcmh)if^cnicc.9 of an Offof/rnariaii. 9S\\nagreeable to a survey thereof, made by Robert Doach for\\nthe purpose of establishing- a town thereon, and for rais-\\ning a sum of money towards defraying the expenses of\\nbuilding a court-house and prison, agreeable to which\\npart of the said land has been laid off and several lots\\nsold and buildings erected thereon; and whereas it would\\ntend to the more speedy improvement and selling of the\\nfarms of the freeholders and inhabitants thereof, could\\nthey be entitled to the same privileges enjoyed by the\\nfreeholders and inhabitants of other towns in this State.\\nBe it enacted by this (Jeneral Assembly that the said\\none hundred and twenty acres of land, agreeable to a\\nsurvey thereof being had, be, and the same is hereby,\\nvested in fee simple in Evan Shelby, William Campbell,\\nDaniel Smith, William Edmiston, Robert Craig and An-\\ndrew Wllloughby, gentlemen, trustees, and be estab-\\nlished a town by the name of Abingdon.\\nBy giving the town this name the compliment to Gen-\\neral Washington was consummated, as it is the name of\\nthe parish, perhaps the earh^ home, of his wife.\\nThese trustees were authorized to make conveyances\\nto the purchasers of lots already sold, or to be sold, and\\nlay off other parts of the lands in lots and streets, to be\\nsold at public auction after giving three months notice\\nat the court-house on some court-day of that and adjoin-\\ning counties. The purchasers respectively to hold the\\nsaid lots subject to the condition of building on such lots\\na dwelling-house at least twenty-four feet long* and six-\\nThe same conditions for building houses on lots were in the first\\nordinance of the city of Richmond.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "9Jf Hkioncal ^l-rtchcf^ and\\nteen feet wide, with a brick or stone chimney, to be\\nfinished within four years from the day of sale.\\nThe proceeds of these lots Avere held liable to the orders\\nof the court of Washington county and applied to defray-\\ning the expenses of the public buildings and repairing\\nthe streets of the town. To the trustees authority was\\ngiven to settle questions of boundary of the lots and\\neverything else for the order and well-being of the town.\\nAnd be it further enacted that if the purchaser of\\nany lots sold by the said trustees shall fail to build\\nthereon within the time before limited, the said trustees\\nor a major part of them, may thereupon enter into\\nsuch lot, and may either sell the same again aud apply\\nthe money towards repairing the streets, or in any other\\nway for the benefit of the said town, or they may appro-\\npriate the said lot or any part of it to any public use for\\nthe benefit of the inhabitants of the said town.\\nThat the title to the land given for the site of the town\\nshould be free from any incumbrance it was necessary\\nthat Dr. Thomas Walker (the original patentee), who had\\nsold to Joseph Black and Samuel Briggs should unite in\\nthe deed. It may be that the two last had not fully paid\\nfor their purchases, and that Dr. Walker held a lien upon\\nthe land.\\nThe town of Abingdon was originally a rectangular\\nparallelogram, and occupied not more than, twenty-five\\nor thirty acres near the center of the survey. It extended\\nfrom about forty yards from the branch on the east to the\\nfoot of the hill west of the court-house, and consisted\\nof three wide parallel streets, running due east and west;\\ntwo narrow alleys parallel with the above. These were", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "Rciniiiiscciiccs of an Octix/citariaiL 95\\nintersected at right angles by one broad street passing\\neast of the court-house, and two narrow alleys, one east\\nand the other west of the court-house.\\nThe center street was INfain street; that on the south\\nWater street; that on the north Valley street. The alley\\nsouth of Main street was Trooper s alley, and that on\\nthe north Chinquipin or Plum alley; either name\\nwould have characterized it.\\nThe court-house is on an oval hill, and the approach\\nfrom either east or west was quite steep. Before the\\nstreet was graded and macadamized it was no uncommon\\nthing for a loaded wagon, during bad weather, to stick\\nin the mud so deep as to require the aid of an additional\\nteam to extricate it. The court-house crowned the sum-\\nmit of the hill, and fronted south; the jail was quite near\\non the north, and across the street from it the first brick\\nhouse in the town was built by William King about 1802\\nor 1803.\\nThe first stores or mercantile houses were on the south\\nside of Main street, and the tavern (it was not a hotel)\\nwas located on the eastern slope of the hill and north\\nside of Main street. There was one notable house of\\nentertainment on the south side of Main street kept by\\na fiddler named Fin. There the plain people took their\\nmeals and lodged, and there the hard drinkers congre-\\ngated. Fin played the fiddle, and many uproarious\\njig dances were performed under the inspiration of Fin s\\nFisher s Hornpipe and similar dance music. Tact and\\nmanagement were exercised by Fin, and his house was\\nnever regarded as a nuisance, and so conservative and", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "96 Historical Sl-ctchr.s and\\nrespectful Avas his conduct that he kept the esteem of\\nthe better class of the citizens.\\nThe white man s inn was kept by a Mr. Saul. ]Mrs.\\nJames Preston s house occupies the site of this once\\nfamous hostelry. It was a rambling frame building of\\na story and a half, and the rooms were small and badly\\nventilated. But the host, a small, round-shouldered man,\\na little deaf, was as spry and quick as a Scotch terrier,\\nand did all he could to make his guests comfortable and\\nsatisfied. His chief assistants were three buxom daugh-\\nters, one of whom was Miss Maria, the beauty of the\\nfamily. Mrs. Saul was fat and rarely appeared among\\nthe guests.\\nAttached to the rear of the house was a long dining-\\nroom, and in it were given the halls (dances) of the period,\\nthe occasional shows of jugglers, or other indoor amuse-\\nments. The dances were attended by the young people\\nfrom many miles around, and the frolic lasted into the\\nwee hours of the morning.\\nEound dances were not then known, but the cotillon\\nand reels were enough for the enjoyment of the young\\npeople of that primitive age. As the dancing master\\nboarded at the house, the IMisses Saul were taught gra-\\ntuitously, but it was Miss Maria whose beauty and grace\\nmade her the belle of many a ball. She married a south-\\nern planter, I believe, and passed beyond our horizon like\\nthe evening star.\\nAmong the other belles of the period were the Misses\\nSanders from near Chilhowie, one of whom, now over\\nninety years old, is the only survivor, and Miss Sniythe,\\ndaughter of Pleasant Smythe, and Miss Mary Byars (a", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Rcmiiii icviar.^ of ait Octoi/ciKiriaiL 97\\nbeauty), and others of that neighborhood. Of the beau-\\nties of the town the most conspicuous was Miss Sally\\nBeckam, who married ^yilliam Kint Jr. There were\\nothers, but the veil of propriety and age shut them from\\nthe public eye.\\nAt an early period Abingdon became the commercial\\ncenter of the district, and sold goods by the wholesale\\nand retail to the smaller dealers in the adjoining counties\\nof Tazewell, Russell, Scott and Lee, in Virginia, and the\\nborder counties of North Carolina and Tennessee.\\nMuch the larger part of the trade was in barter, i. c,\\nan exchange of country products for such articles as were\\nneeded for consumption or sale. The large warehouses\\nand the upper stories of merchants houses were filled\\nwith these country products. Great piles of goose-\\nfeathers occupied one compartment, the bagging of which\\nfor the eastern cities was a frolic for the young men of\\nthe establishment and their friends. Heaps of ginsing\\noccupied other places, and the ceiling was festooned by\\nstrings of this root hung up to dry. Kegs of beeswax and\\njars of honey had their places, and cured hams, sides,\\nand other meats were piled about in convenient places\\nfor packing. The shelves of the stores, also, held con-\\ntributions from the labor products of the times, such as\\nrolls of flax and tow linen, plain and twilled, much used\\nfor towels, table cloths, etc., and also for outward and\\nunder garments of both sexes, and for many other\\ndomestic purposes. To these should be added country\\nwoven jeans and linsey, and woollen socks knit by the\\ncountry women.\\n13", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "98 Hisforical I ^kctvhcs and\\nThis mass of barter, after supplying tlie home market,\\nwas sent in wagons to the eastern cities, and snpiilied\\nreturn loads to those four- and six-horse teams that were\\nthe inland ships of the period. Nearly every farmer\\nhad a plat of flax and hemp, and all the appliances\\nfor breaking, scutching and hackling flax and\\nhemp. In the largest room of the house were the big\\nand little wheels for spinning wool and flax. In an outer\\nroom was the loom, where the yarn and thread were\\nwoven into cloth.\\nTo the buzz of these wheels, as the spinner moved back-\\nward and forward, drawing out and winding up the yarn\\non the big wheel, or sat moving with her foot the rapid-\\nturning flax wheel, was added the music of the voice,\\nsinging a spirited hymn or favorite ditty.\\nAlas! how greatly the habits of our rural population\\nhave changed! The lots for cultivating flax and hemp\\nare devoted to other crops, and the smooth, clean area\\nwhere the flax and hemp were spread for the woody flbre\\nto be rotted has disappeared. The spinning wheels fall\\nto pieces in out-houses, and the wood of the loom has\\nfurnished fuel for fires. The SAveet contented home circle\\nis broken up, and the young men and maidens, when their\\nschool days are over, scatter in every direction, seeking\\nemployment. The work of the homestead and farm have\\nlost their charm, and the question arises, are the country\\npeople better and more contented by the change?\\nAt the northeast slope of the hill on which the court-\\nhouse is situated there is a cave Avhich has been explored\\nas far as underneath the court-house. The opening to it\\nis on the lot of James L. White, and there a clear stream", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Ocfogenarian. 99\\nof water rushes b} ]nakiui an admirable and cool dairy.\\nIn the lot now owned by Mrs. Eliza Mitchell, and i orni-\\nerly an appendage of the Saul s tavern, there is a trrll\\npassing through the cave and into the stream below. The\\nwater was drawn by a bucket, and to protect and guide\\nit to the- water a cylinder was fastened to the floor of\\nthe cave. A boys school at one time was not far off. and\\none of the tricks of the mischievous was to go into the\\ncave as far as the well, watch for the descending bucket,\\nand gently divert it to the exterior of the cylinder. The\\nfun was to watch the wrath of the cook or old hostler as\\nhe ran to the mouth of the cave to catch the intruder.\\nThis was never done, as a signal corps was on the alert\\nand gave timely warning.\\nSome of the earliest records of Washington county\\nand Abingdon were lost or burned when the town was\\nburned by a raiding party of Federal soldiers in 1864.\\nThis party was headed by a renegade named Wyatt.\\nFortunately, there were a few Confederates on fur-\\nlough in the town and vicinity, and they, quickly organ-\\nizing, the Federal banditti were driven off. Wyatt was\\nshot by Mr. Findlay, of Mississippi, as he turned from\\nMain street towards the Protestant Methodist church,\\nand fell from his horse near it; was carried into the Stone-\\nwall Jackson Institute, where he died soon afterwards.\\nThe first Board of Trustees was organized in January,\\n1785. They were William Edmiston, Robert Craig, James\\nArmstrong, Robert Preston, and Robert Campbell. This\\nboard continued in offlce with few changes for several\\nyears. At a meeting of the board on the 1th of October,\\n1798, Andrew Russell was appointed secretary of the", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "ion Historical ^^IxCtchcs and\\nboard. Just when he came to Abingdon is not known,\\nbut as clerk of the Sui)erior Court he was recognized as\\none of the best and kindliest of men and faithful, efficient\\nofficers to the time of his death.\\nThe first jail was built by Abraham Goodpasture\\nin 1787, and was located in the rear of the court-house,\\nand quite near it. It was probably built of hewed logs.\\nIt was superseded by an order of court on the 20th day of\\nMarch, 1799, that William King, James Armstrong, John\\nEppler and Kobert Craig, or any three of them, report\\nto the next court the plan of a stone prison and the\\nprobable expense of building the same, and that the\\nmoney and bonds arising from the sale of lots after\\nformer appropriations are discharged, together with the\\nmoney borrowed by Andrew IJussell from this court be\\napplied to building the said prison, and the balance of\\nthe exi^ense be levied on the tithable persons of the\\ncounty. That stone prison remained for many years.\\nJames White was the undertaker for building the stone\\njail, at a cost of |1,110.05, about 1801. But on the Gth\\nof May, 1804, the town of Abingdon did not have money\\nenough to pay his order for \u00c2\u00a321-2-11. The proximity of\\nthe jail to the court-house was an annoyance, and its\\ncapacity for accommodating the increased number of\\ncriminals of progressive civilization and population too\\nlimited. The new jail at the corner of Valley and Court-\\nhouse streets has modern improvements, and is much\\nlarger.\\nOn the 13th of January, 1803, the Legislature passed\\nan act authorizing the trustees of the town of Abingdon\\nto raise by lottery a sum not exceeding |2,000, for the", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "Reminificcnces of an Octogcnarkm. 101\\npurpose of purchasing a library, philosophical and mathe-\\nmatical apparatus, and anything else necessary for the\\nuse of the academy.*\\nThe scheme for carrying out this purpose was entrusted\\nto Andrew Eussell, Jacob Hamilton and James White.\\nIf the writer is not mistaken the lottery was a failure,\\nand neither the library nor anything else was pur-\\nchased for the academy. On May 3, 1803, the by-laws of\\nthe trustees were adopted, and these gentlemen were\\npresent: Andrew Kussell, William King, James White,\\nMichael Deckard, John McClellan, Jonathan Smith, Wil-\\nliam Trigg and David Campbell.\\nOf these nine influential and trusted men the descend-\\nents of but two perpetuate their names as citizens of\\nAbingdon, and they are James White and William Trigg.\\nAfter a lapse of eight years the name of another con-\\nspicuous citizen appears on the records as a trustee\\nthat of Benjamin Estell, the able lawyer, attorney for\\nthe Commonwealth, and judge of the Circuit Court.\\nOn the 11th of June, 1811, the act was passed imposing\\na fine of one dollar for fighting or rioting in the streets.\\nIn default of payment the offender should be confined in\\nthe stocks for two hours. The writer remembers when\\nthese stocks stood on the western side of the court-\\nhouse, and seeing offenders confined in them. They con-\\nsisted of a platform some five or six feet above the\\nground. The center stanchion reached to seven feet\\nThis Academy was founded by William King in 1803 and chartered\\nby act of incorporation January 13, 1803, and stiU stands as a monument\\nto his memory. See Appendix A. B.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "102 Historical mrtchcs and\\nabove the platform. To this were attached movable\\nboards, one at the foot of and another about four feet\\nabove the platform. In these boards were holes, through\\nwhich the head, hands and feet of the culprit were thrust.\\nIt was no easy position to be confined to for an hour. One\\nexperience generally deterred offenders from a repeti-\\ntion of the experiment.\\nA similar fine and penalty were imposed for running a\\nhorse on the street, and a fine of fifty cents for shooting\\nhorizontally in any lot. These orders of the trustees\\ncontributed a great deal to the quiet and safety of the\\ncitizens. Before their passage such offences were fre-\\nquent, as the old inhabitants testified.\\nThe earl}^ provisions against the spread of fire should\\nnot be omitted. Every householder was required to have\\na fireman s bucket for every male adult of his establish-\\nment, free or slave, and a ladder long enough to reach\\nto the eaves of his house. It was the duty of the town\\nsergeant periodicaly to visit every house and see that this\\norder was executed, and a fine of fifty cents was imposed\\non every delinquent, and repeated if the order were not\\npromptly obeyed. In case of fire every able-bodied citizen\\nwas required, under the same penalty to come with his\\nbucket and fall into the line for passing the buckets from\\nthe nearest supply of water to the conflagration. Per-\\nhaps some of those fire-buckets have been kept as memen-\\ntoes of the past by the descendants of the old inhabitants.\\nThe annals of the city are silent during the turbulent\\nperiod of the war of 1812- 14, and nothing was deemed\\nof sufficient importance to be noted until 1828.\\nIn the meanwhile the town had grown, and several", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "Rcini)iisccncfs of on Octof/rnarian. 103\\nplants (to use a modern phrase) for manufacturing\\nand other purposes had been established. Of them was\\nthat of Peter Henritze for the manufacture of hats. He\\nmade not only the soft wool hats worn by the country\\npeople, boys and slaves, but an imitation of the fashion-\\nable silk stove-pipe hat of the period. His establish-\\nment, therefore, furnished a market for the peltry of all\\nfur-bearing animals. Henritze s place was on Main\\nstreet, on the east side of the ravine that crosses the\\nstreet at the foot of the western hill, and nearly opposite\\nthe Episcopal church. To dry his wares an inclined plat-\\nform was erected facing and close to the sidewalk of Main\\nstreet. The odor of fresh peltry and newly-dried hats\\npervaded the streets, and this, with the variegated plat-\\nform, so frightened horses from the country that it was\\noften difficult to force them to pass it.\\nThe merchants also dealt in skins, and on the front of\\ntheir store-houses bear and buffalo skins were hung, as\\nwell as festoons of gay-colored calicoes. These also\\nfrightened country horses, and much vexed the good peo-\\nple of the community. To abate this nuisance, and re-\\nmove all difficulty of access to the town and preserve the\\nquiet of the streets, the trustees on the 9th of May, 1828,\\npassed an order forbidding all persons from drying hats\\nor exposing bear skins or merchandise on Main street.\\nIn front of every store there was a railing with hooks to\\nfasten horses, and at nearly every dwelling-house one or\\nmore hitching posts. On court-days these railings were\\ncrowded with horses, and sometimes when a sudden gust\\nof wind blew and the skins and calicoes rattled and\\nflapped bridles were broken, and there was a stampede", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "lOJ^ Historical l: krtvJu ,s and\\nof horses through the streets, dangerous alike to man\\nand beast.\\nAt the same meeting the ordinances were passed for-\\nbidding all persons to throw water or filth into the streets\\nor alleys or to play the game of long-bullets in the streets\\nor alleys. The fine for each offence was fifty cents.\\nThis game of long-bullets is among the things of the\\npast. At that time it was a favorite game with the boys\\nof the academy, and as they returned towards town, if\\nthe road was smooth, they jerked those iron balls of one\\nand a half inches in diameter upon it all the way. The\\neffort was to keep the balls in the beaten track and see\\nhow far they could be made to roll. The greatest skill\\nwas to make the ball skim over the surface and lose no\\nmomentum by bouncing. They were jerked by a sweep\\nof the arm along the side, and not thrown from the\\nshoulder. It was also a favorite game with the young\\nmen of the village. The force of one of these balls jerked\\nby a stout boy or man would have endangered the limbs\\nor life of a child, and inflicted serious injury on man or\\nbeast.\\nThe trustees who signed these revised by-laws of May\\n9, 1828, were Andrew Russell (principal trustee), Augus-\\ntus Oury, John M. Preston, M. Shaver, and Jacob Lynch.\\nThese names are guarantees of conservatism and good\\norder, and their reputation lingers as the foundation of\\npast prosperity.\\nOf Andrew Russell mention has been made. Augustus\\nOury was postmaster and remarkable for the rapidity\\nand accuracy with which he handled the large mail daily\\nor niahtlv delivered for assortment and delivery. At", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 105\\nthat time Abingdon was the distributing office for the\\ndistrict, and to it came the mails for Russell, Tazewell\\nand Scott in Virginia, and one or two of the border\\ncounties of North Carolina. To these points, as well as\\nto the small offices of Washington county, it was carried\\non horseback or two-horse hacks.\\nWhen the mail coach arrived from the east or west,\\nand the driver threw out the heavy mail-bags, they were\\nseized by one of the deputies (there were five or six of\\nthem), and thrown into a large room lined with boxes. The\\ncontents were emptied upon the floor, where the assort-\\ning was done, and every package and letter thrown into\\nits appropriate box. Then followed the distribution into\\nthe mail-bags for the different offices. It was a busy\\nscene in this big room, as watched through the window\\nby boys and men as they waited for their mail.\\nJohn ]M. Preston was one of the most successful mer-\\nchants: a man of spotless integrity and the purest moral\\ncharacter. His descendants are proud of their inheri-\\ntance, for his name is a synonym for honesty.\\nMichael Shaver was a silversmith, and repaired and\\nregulated the watches and clocks of the community. He\\nbegan life as a blacksmith, and in early manhood in-\\ndulged in the then fashionable amusement of cock-fight-\\ning, and was as ready for a fight as his own games. But\\nhe joined the Presbyterian church, and thenceforth was\\nan exemplary member of it, and won the esteem of his\\nfellow-citizens by his manly and consistent conduct. A\\nstory is told of him that may illustrate one of the pecu-\\nliarities of that section of the country at that time. The\\n14", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "106 Historical ^^Irtchcs and\\ncurrency was almost exclusively of Spanish silver coins\\nof one dollar, divided in halves, quarters, eighths and\\nsixteenths. The last Avas worth six and a quarter (614)\\ncents, and was called fourpence. The next was worth\\ntwelve and a half (121/.) cents, and desij nated ninepence.\\nThere were no copper cents in circulation not enough to\\nmake change for anything under six and a quarter cents,\\nand as the coins of this value were scarce the people\\nresorted to the device of cutting the ninepence coins in\\nhalf. These halves passed readily as fourpence half\\npenny (pronounced fopenmpcuji). A country lad brought\\nthe two halves of one of these 12y: -cent pieces to\\nMr. Shaver, and asked him if he could put them\\nsecurely together. It was court-day. ^Iv. Shaver said,\\nYes, he could, but that he was very busy, and could\\nnot do so on that day. The lad was very urgent, and as\\nhe had to return home that evening, begged Mr. Shaver\\nto do that small job for him. Very well, said Mr.\\nShaver, I will have it ready when you call this after-\\nnoon. The lad called, and, sure enough, there lay the\\nmended ninepence, bright and strong. How much do\\nyou charge for mending it? asked the lad. Twenty-\\nfive cents, replied Mr. Shaver. Why, it s only a nine-\\npence, Mr. Shaver, answered the lad. That is true,\\nbut my work on it is worth twenty-five cents, Mr. Shaver\\nreplied. After a pause the lad said, Will you take the\\nmended ninepence for half pay? No; it s a counter-\\nfeit, replied Mr. Shaver. The lad paid the twenty-five\\ncents, and left with well-bought experience.\\nThe last signer of the revised by-laws was Jacob Lynch.\\nIn size he was almost a dwarf, but of a trim and sym-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 107\\nmetrical figure, not much over five feet, if so much. He\\nbegan life as a deputy clerk under David Campbell, after-\\nwards Governor of Virginia, and succeeded him in the\\nclerkship, holding it till his death.\\nMr. Lynch had his peculiarities. One of these was to\\nwear always a high hat and high-heeled shoes. These\\napparently added to his stature. He was punctuality\\npersonified, so that those who lived on the wa^^ between\\nhis home and his ofiice, knew the time of day by his\\npassing. His handwriting was round and clear, and\\nalmost as plain as print. He therefore wrote slowly and\\ncarefully. The records kept by him are models of neat-\\nness and accuracy. His deliberation was sometimes\\ntrying to impatient waiters for papers, but he could not\\nbe hurried, and he was too self-possessed and even-tem-\\npered to be flurried by importunities. His even temper,\\ngood sense, and spotless probity won and secured for him\\nthe esteem and confidence of the community.\\nFive years after the adoption of the revised statutes,\\non June 13, 1838, an ordinance was passed requiring the\\nowners of lots on Main street to furnish curb-stones along\\nthe line of their property. This was necessary, not only\\nto prevent the spread of the rock for macadamizing and\\nthe grading then just begun, but also to support the side-\\nwalks, which were to be paved.\\nThese long-needed improvements changed the aspect\\nof the street, and removed many of its peculiarities, some\\nof which were associated with the sweet memories of\\nchildhood and youth.\\nTall Lombardy poplars bordered a part of the street", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "JOS Historical ^^Irichrs and\\nwest of the court-house. They were removed, as well as\\nother obstructious to the paving and grading.*\\nTo the south of the town is King s Mountain. It was\\nso named because of a fancied resemblance to the famous\\nmountain in South Carolina, on which was fought the\\nbattle of October 1, 1781. The victory won there by the\\nwestern mountaineers, quorum magna pars, w^ere Wash-\\nington county men, Mr. Jefferson said, turned the tide of\\nwar in favor of the United States and led Cornwallis to\\nmarch to Yorktown, to his surrender there, and the end\\nof the war.\\nThere were many of the veterans of that campaign\\nalive, and to rehearse the incidents of the contest and\\nimpress upon the minds of that generation the gallant\\nand daring deeds of their ancestors a sham battle was\\nfought at King s ^Mountain. The positions of the Revo-\\nlutionary commanders were occupied by officers who\\nwere instructed (perhaps drilled) how to play their parts,\\nand the English in red coats, with cannon and bayonetted\\nmuskets, occupied the crest of the hill. There was great\\nfiring of blank cartridges, charging up the hilh and\\nretreat from the fixed bayonets of the British regulars,\\nuntil Colonel Furgerson was killed and the white flag\\nraised. In all this melee no fatal accident occurred and\\nfew casualties.!\\nOn the northwest of Abingdon, about a quarter of a\\nThis grading and paving was done by John Keller, who often\\nrepresented the county in the Legislature.\\nt An account of the sham battle was given me by my mother. Gen-\\neral Francis Preston, my father, was one of the commanding officers.\\nT do not know whom he represented.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "ReminUcences of an Octogcnariau. 109\\nmile beyond the grove the last fight with Indians in that\\nvicinity occurred. The IJev. Charles Cummings, accom-\\npanied by his servant Job, and three neighbors, and\\nCreswell driving the Avagon, were attacked by them.\\nCreswell was killed by the first fire of the Indians, and\\nduring the skirmish two of the neighbors were wounded.\\nMr. Cummings and his servants, who were well armed,\\ndrove the Indians from their ambush, and, with the aid\\nof some men from Black s Fort, who, hearing the firing,\\ncame to their relief, brought in the dead and wounded.\\nCreswell was the first person buried in the present grave-\\nyard, and a stone with his name and date of death\\nroughly carved is yet standing.-\\nThe Kev. Mr. Cummings had as a neighbor James Piper.\\nThey thought their lands adjoined, but by some error in\\nthe survey a vacant strip was left between them. A\\nvery objectionable person discovered this fact, and took\\npossession of the strip. Much annoyed by the proximity\\nof this bad character, the Parson went to Mr. Piper and\\nasked if there was any way of getting rid of him. Mr.\\nPiper replied, Don t give yourself any trouble about\\nhim. I ll get rid of him. Watching an opportunity when\\nthe man was absent, Mr. Piper entered his cabin, drew a\\nlarge circle in the center of the floor, put in it queer\\nfigures and cabalistic signs, and sprinkled the center with\\nfinely-cut black horse-hair. Next morning the cabin was\\nvacant, and no more was heard of the troublesome\\nintruder.\\nWith James Bradley s residence a mile west of Abing-\\ndon, across Wolf creek, there is associated one of those\\npsychological incidents not yet explained in our philoso-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "110 Historical Sketches and\\nphv, and wliieli startle the incredulous by the testimony\\nof unimpeachable witnesses. I tell the tale as it was told\\nto a little group of students, of which were Lilburn H.\\nTrigg- (a native of Abingdon) and myself, by Aaron Lind-\\nsey, of Mississiijpi. I am truly sorry that the names of\\nthe parties are forgotten. Apropos of the topic of conver-\\nsation, Mr. Lindsey said, A similar incident occurred\\nin (say) Jacksonville. A young merchant married the\\ndaughter of a wealthy citizen of the place, and within a\\nfew weeks afterwards started for Philadelphia for a new\\nstock of goods. But a little while before he was expected\\nto return the young bride became anxious and depressed.\\nShe was laughed at by the family for pining after her\\nhusband, but as the depression deepened, everything was\\ndone to divert her mind and cheer her spirits. She said\\nshe was sure that her husband was sick, and her heart\\nand mind were tilled with the most gloomy apprehen-\\nsions.\\nOne morning soon after breakfast, when she appeared\\nmore depressed than usual, she went upstairs to her\\nchamber. Soon after entering it she was heard to fall\\non the floor. The family hastened to her, and found that\\nshe had fainted, and was lying on the floor. Restoratives\\nwere administered and the flrst words she uttered on\\nregaining consciousness were, My husband is dead, and\\nnot a friend was with him. I saw him die. Then, cover-\\ning her face with her hands, she said in tones of deepest\\nanguish, I see the room in which he died, and the house\\nand everything about it. The family endeavored to\\nsooth and persuade her that this was on\\\\j the effect of\\nnervous depression, as they themselves believed it to be.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "Rcmtni-sccnccs of an Octof/oiariaii. Ill\\nBut nothiiio- shook her conviction of the truth of the\\nvision. Oh/ she would say, I see it all; the little\\nchamber upstairs in a brick house, close by the road,\\nwith a window looking over a porch, and in front a rocky\\nhill with a double loi^-barn upon it, and near by a creek\\nwhere there is a tilt-hannner. Oh, I see it all, and my\\ndear husband dead and alone.\\nAt this point of the story Lindsey turned to Trigg- and\\nmyself and said, I have forgotten the name of the man\\nwho lived there. You fellows ought to know, for it is\\nnot far from your town. We almost simultaneously\\nanswered, It is Bradley s. Yes, said Lindsey, that\\nis the name.\\nSo inconsolable was the bride, that her brother decided\\nto look up the bridegroom, taking the road by which he\\nwould return. When he arrived at Bradley s he was so\\nimpressed with the resemblance of the place in all its\\ndetails to the description given by his sister, that he dis-\\nmounted, and on meeting Mr. Bradley, asked if there had\\nbeen a sick man from ^Mississippi stopping with him.\\nYes, Mr. Bradley replied he came here sick and died\\nin the room upstairs. I wrote to his family, but have\\nnot received an answer. All his effects and money I have\\nkept safely. On a comparison of the dates it was ascer-\\ntained that the man died at the hour his bride fainted\\nat her home in Mississippi. From the window of the\\nupper chamber the scene is identically the same as that\\ndescribed by the disconsolate bride. It is needless to\\nadd that she had never been in that part of Virginia.\\nThe sequel to this imperfect sketch of the ancient and\\ninteresting village of Abingdon I leave to younger and", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "i/.- llisUirhal Skvlchcs and\\nabler hands. I am the ohlest living native-born of tlie\\ntown, and of my boyhood associates and school-fellows\\nonly one survives, and that is David C. Cnmmings. We\\nwere born on the same day of the same month and year\\nNovember 20, 1812.\\n1 remember^ I remember.\\nThe house where I was born;\\nThe little window where the sun\\nCame peeping in at morn.\\nHe never came a wink too soon.\\nOr brought too long a day;\\nBut now I often wish the night\\nHad borne my breath away.\\nI remember, I remember.\\nThe poplars straight and high,\\nI used to think their slender tops\\nWere close against the sky.\\nIt was a childish ignorance,\\nBut now tis little joy\\nTo know I m farther off from Heaven\\nThan when I was a boy.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094Hood.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Rcininistrnct 8 of an Ocloycuariaii. 113\\nCOLONEL WILLIAM PRESTON.\\nColonel William Preston was the son of John Preston\\nand Elizabeth Patton Preston, and was born in Donegal^\\nIreland, on the 25th of December, 1729. His parents\\ncame to America about 1737,* with three daughters, and\\nthis one son, then in his eighth year.\\nHe often spoke of his voyage to his children, and of\\nincidents which he well remembered. His parents came\\ndirectly to Augusta county, Virginia, and were domiciled\\nfor four or five years with Colonel James Patton, the\\nbrother of Mrs. John Preston.\\nAfter the death of John Preston, in January, 1747, f the\\ncare of the family devolved upon William, then a lad of\\nseventeen, and he was employed to post the books of\\nsome of the merchants in Staunton. Such employment\\nshows the home training of this youth, for the school-\\nThis date (1737) is established by the fact that William Preston\\nwas in his eighth year, as affirmed by General Francis Preston, the\\nsecond son of William Preston, in memoranda left for his family. All\\nwho have written about the family from John Mason Brown and James\\nA. Waddell, to the Hon. William E. Robertson, have made this mistake.\\nAll of them were misled by the fact that John Preston proved his\\nimportation in 1740. This was done when he wished to buy the tract\\nof land on which he settled after leaving Colonel Patton s, where he\\nhad resided since his arrival in America.\\nt This date is fixed by the fact that his wife qualified as executrix\\nFebruary 6. 1747.\\n15", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "ll- Historical Skctclics and\\nmaster was not then abroad, and elementary education\\nwas given by the parents. It also shows home influence\\nupon character. Few lads of his age would have acquired\\nsufficient knowledge of arithmetic and book-keeping for\\nsuch duty, or have established a character for steadiness\\nand integrity for so responsible a position. Colonel Pat-\\nton, soon after being domiciled with Mr. Preston, appre-\\nciated the moral and intellectual merits of his nephew,\\nand sent him to be more liberally educated to the Rev.\\nJohn Craig, a Presbyterian preacher and classical\\nscholar. At that early period of life such was William\\nPreston s piety, that the family thought of dedicating\\nhim to the ministry, but Mr. Craig decided that he was\\ntoo old to begin the studies thought necessary for so\\nlearned and responsible a vocation. At that time (as\\nalways) life was real, and the youths of the frontier\\nhad to be up and doing.\\nWilliam Preston s widowed mother and his three\\nsisters were to be cared for, and he was apparently their\\nstay and support. There was, however, another closely\\nconnected with the family who was watching with affec-\\ntionate interest the development of this youth, and that\\nwas his uncle, Colonel James Patton. He was at that\\ntime a rich and prominent man in Augusta county, and\\nhad large enterprises in contemplation, and no doubt\\nlooked upon this steady, manly and sensible nephew as\\nhis future confidential secretary and companion. His\\neducation, therefore, was made a practical one, and yet\\nsuch was the influence of Mr. Craig that it imbued his\\nmind with a love of literature and intellectual cultivation\\nthat was fostered through life, and prompted the efforts", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "Jiemiimcences of an Octof/enarid)!. llo\\nto use every .available means of educating- his nniuerous\\nfamily.\\nWilliam Preston learned surveyinu;- under Mr. Craig,\\nand soon after leaving that instructor, to acquire better\\nknowledge of the practical business of life, he accepted\\nthe deputy sheriffalty from William Estell, High Sheriff\\nof Augusta county.\\nHe could not have held that office very long, as we\\nfind that he accompanied his uncle. Colonel Patton, as\\nprivate secretary when he (Colonel Patton) went as com-\\nmissioner to make a treaty with the Indians at Log Town,\\nsixteen miles below Pittsburg.* Under the instruction\\nfrom Covernor Dinwiddle, dated December 13, 1751, Col-\\nonel Patton was to proceed immediately to Fredericks-\\nburg, and there receive from Mr. Strother the goods\\nsent as a present by his Majesty to the Indians, and pro-\\nvide everything necessary for the gentlemen appointed\\nas commissioners on behalf of this government. The\\ntreaty was concluded June 13, 1752.\\nThe appointment by Colonel Patton of William Preston\\nas his private secretary on so important a commission,\\nshoAvs the confidence of the uncle in the capacity and\\nfidelity of the nephew of twenty-two years. A still more\\nstriking evidence of Colonel Patton s affection for and\\nconfidence in this nephew is that in his will, executed\\nSeptember 1, 1750, when William Preston w^as only\\ntv/enty-one years old, he, with John Buchanan and Wil-\\nliam Thompson, were appointed executors.\\nIn 1755, Colonel Patton was accompanied by William\\nAnnals of Augusta County, p. 48.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "110 Hifs-torica] ^Irtfhn^ and\\nPreston on his tour of inspection of the lands he and his\\nagents had located, and many of which had been sur-\\nveyed. They stopped at Draper s ^leadows (after-\\nwards Smithfleld near Blacksburg) with William Ingles\\nand the Drapers to rest from the fatigues of the journey,\\nand also for the restoration of Colonel Patton s health.\\nOn S^unday, the 8th of June, 1755, a party of Indians\\nwhich had hidden in the ripe wheat near by rushed upon\\nthe unprotected settlers. Colonel Patton was sitting at\\na table w^ iting, with his broad sword by his side, and\\nwhen the Indians rushed in upon him he killed two of\\nthem, but was shot dead by those outside.\\nColonel Patton s will was admitted to probate at the\\nNovember term of the Court in 1756.\\nAVilliam Preston was then (1755) nearly twenty-five\\nyears old, and the disturbed condition of the country\\ndemanded the services of tlie best men for the protection\\nof the frontier against Indian raids and massacres. Wil-\\nliam Preston soon raised a company, and was a captain\\nof volunteers in 1756, and was ordered by Governor Din-\\nwiddle to join Major Andrew Lewis in his expedition\\nagainst the Shawnees at the mouth of Big Sandy river.\\nThis expedition was planned by Governor Dinwiddle in\\n1755.* It was not, however, a success, and the difficulty\\nof procuring supplies for the troops and the rugged\\nsterility of the country led to such insubordination that\\nthe expedition was abandoned and the troops disbanded.\\nA similar expedition was undertaken eleven years\\nafterwards, in the summer of 1767. An account of it is\\nAnnals of Augusta County, p. 81.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "Remiiiifirrncrs of an Octof/onirian. Ill\\ngiven b}^ Mrs. Letitia Floyd, daughter of William Pres-\\nton, in her letters to her son, Beujaniiu lUish Floyd, writ-\\nten at the request of Lyman C. Draper. I quote from a\\ncopy of this manuscript\\nThe summer of 1767 Colonel Preston had been ap-\\npointed commissioner to hold a treaty with the Shawa-\\nnes and Delaware Indians at the mouth of the Big\\nSandy river, a branch of the Ohio. Colonel Thomas\\nLewis, of Kockingham county, was likewise a comrais-\\nsioner. Lewis, I believe, did not accompany the party.\\nThe treaty was made, I think, with Ocanothota who\\nwas very old, and a chief called Cornstalk.\\nOn their return from the mouth of the Sandy they\\npursued a fork of the river which was through a very\\nrugged region, got so entirely out of food as to be com-\\npelled to eat the buffalo tugs which tied on their packs,\\nand hence the stream was named by Colonel Preston\\nthe Tug Fork of Sandy.\\nIn the partial list of delegates from Augusta in the\\nHouse of Burgesses, furnished Mr. Joseph A. Waddill\\nby Dr. R. A. Brock, there is a gap of five years, from 1752\\nto 1757, and it is probable that within that period Wil-\\nliam Preston and John Buchanan were elected, as stated\\nby Mrs. Floyd, who states that the year after their\\nelection Preston was requested by the congregation of\\nEpiscopalians of Staunton to procure a carpenter to\\nundertake the building of a church in that town. Francis\\nSmith, who lived near Hanover Courthouse, a rich\\ncarpenter and contractor, was applied to. He had a\\nbeautiful daughter, Susanna, who was educated by the\\nRev. Patrick Henry. She married William Preston the", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "]J8 Historical ^^krt( hcs and\\nITth of July, 1761.* After the birth of their first child,\\nElizabeth (Avho married Mr. William S. Maddison), born\\nolst May, 1762, William Preston removed from t^tannton\\nto Greenfield, about five miles west of Fiucastle, and a\\nmile from Amsterdam, in Botetourt county. This was,\\nand is, a valuable estate, and is still in the possession of\\nhis descendants, the present owner being Alfred Preston.\\nThe next 3 ear (17(53), having some business in\\nAugusta county (I (piote from Mrs. Floyd s letters), in\\nthe month of May he left his family (wife and child) at\\nGreenfield. Early in the morning Mrs. Preston was\\nstartled by the firing of two guns in quick succession at\\na neighbor s house, within a half mile of hers. Very\\nshortly afterwards Mr. Joseph Cloyd rode up on his\\nplough-horse with the gears on, telling her that the\\nIndians had killed his brother John, and had shot at\\nhim, but missed him, although his shirt was powder-\\nburnt. They had gone to the house, and he expected\\nhad killed his mother. ]Mrs. Preston sent a young man\\nliving at her house to Captain Francis Smith, who com-\\nmanded a small fort on Graig creek, to bring his troops\\nto pursue the Indians. She wrote a letter to him which\\nwas free from tremble or trepidation. She then sent a\\nAvhite man and two negro men to Mr. Gloyd s, where\\nthey found Mrs. Cloyd tomahawked in three places, all\\nthe household destroyed, and the money carried off (Mr.\\nThere is a tradition in the family that Preston met Miss Smith\\nwhilst he was a member of the House of Burgesses. If this be so, it\\nexplains why he went so far as Hanover Courthouse to find a carpenter,\\nand also goes to confirm Mrs. Floyd s statement that William Preston\\nand John Buchanan were members of the House before 17G1.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Rciuiiii-scciiccs of an Ocfo(i( ii(iri iii. 119\\nCloyd bad a large sum of money stored away). Mrs.\\nCloyd was perfectly in her senses; told all the cir-\\nenmstances of the savaiie revelry in j;ettin\u00c2\u00ab; dnink\\nand rippinji u]) the feather beds, and one of them,\\ntaking np a cob and wiping off the blood from her\\ntemples, exclaiming, Poor old w^oman! She lied the\\nnext morning.\\nThis acconnt of the mnrder of IMrs. Cloyd is a cine to\\nand explains a fragment of a letter which was probably\\nwritten by Colonel William Preston to his brother-in-\\nlaw, the Rev. John Brown, and preserved by Colonel\\nJohn IMason Brown, of Kentncky, and it throws some\\nlight npon the state of the times. The letter is dated\\nGreenfield, 27th Jnly, 1763. The writer says, Onr\\nsituation at present is very different from what it was\\nwhen we had the pleasure of yonr company. All the\\nvalleys of Roanoke river and the waters of the Mississippi\\nare depopulated, except Captain English (Ingles), and a\\nfew families on New river, who have built a fort, among\\nwhom are JMr. Thompson and his family. They intend to\\nmake a stand till some assistance be sent them. Seventy-\\nfive of the Bedford militia w^ent out in order to pursue\\nthe enemy, but I hear the ofificers and part of the men are\\ngone home, and the rest gone to Reed creek to help in\\nJames Davies and two or three families there that dare\\nnot venture to travel.\\nI have built a little fort in which are eighty-seven\\nMrs. Floyd does not give the date of the massacre of Mrs. Cloyd,\\nbut as no mention of a fort or stockade at Greenfield is made, the pre-\\nsumption is that it occurred in May, 1762.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "120 Hhiorkal ^latches and\\npersons, twenty of whom bear arms. We are in a pretty\\ngood jiosition of defence, and, witli the aid of God, are\\ndetermined t.o make a stand. In five or six other places\\nof this part of the country they liave fallen into the same\\nmethod, and with the same resolution. How long we\\nnmy keep them is uncertain. No enemy has appeared\\nhere as yet. Their guns are frequently heard, and their\\nfooting observed, which makes us believe they will pay\\nus a visit. My two sisters and their families are here,\\nand all in good health. We bear our misfortunes so\\nfar with and are in great hopes of being\\nrelieved. I have a thousand things Captain\\nChristian can t wait. I give you joy.\\nThe asterisks indicate part of the letter torn cmt.\\nFrom this letter some idea of the condition of the\\nAvestern frontier of Virginia is gained, and it shows the\\nintelligent and generous care taken of the people of that\\nsection by William Preston. The fort about his house\\nwas doubtless built at his own expense, and was not only\\nlarge enough to protect his own family, but to shelter\\neightj^-seven persons, twenty of whom bear arms.\\nIt also shows the heroism of that young wife with an\\ninfant not yet two years old. Few women in so exposed\\nand dangerous a situation could have written a letter\\nfree from tremble and trepidation. It may be pre-\\nsumed that she knew of the Indian raid into the settle-\\nment of the James river in 1701, and of the massacres and\\nthe captives they took. Among them was Mrs. Hannah\\nDennis, whose escape and return home is surpassed in", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 121\\nresolution and hardship only by that of Mrs. Draper.\\n(Howe s Hist, of Va., p. 20.)\\nDuring the next five years William Preston, with\\nothers, was fully occupied in protecting the frontier set-\\ntlements.* It has been stated that in the summer of 1767\\nhe was a commissioner to make a treaty with Indians\\nat the mouth of Big vSandy river. In the yeai 1768- 69 he\\nwas elected with John Wilson a member of the House\\nof Burgesses, and there he probably became acquainted\\nwith the leading statesmen of the period.\\nHe had met and become acquainted with General\\nWashington as early as 1755 on the latter s visit to the\\nforts of the west. On the 22d of December, 1769, JNIr.\\nPreston was commissioned colonel by Governor Din-\\nwiddle.\\nBotetourt county was formed from Augusta in 1769,\\nand he was one of the first justices of the county. At the\\nfirst term of the court (February, 1770) he qualified as\\nsurveyor, coroner, excheator and colonel of militia. Fin-\\ncastle county was formed from Botetourt in 1772, and\\nembraced all the country west belonging to, or claimed\\nby, Virginia, which included Kentucky. Colonel Pres-\\nton then decided to move into the new county, and\\ntook possession of Draper s IMeadows, which he named\\nThe sad condition of the Western frontiers of Virginia, the ineffi-\\nciency and insubordination of the militia, and the absence of combi-\\nnation among the settlers are fully and vividly detailed by General\\nWashington m his letters of that period to Governor Dinwiddle, and\\nneed only be referred to.\\ni6", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "122 Historical ^ketchcs and\\nSmithfleld, in compliment to bis wife. On this excursion\\nhe was accompanied by John Floyd.\\nI quote from Mrs. Floyd s letters: During Colonel\\nPreston s residence at Greenfield, in 1770, a young gen-\\ntleman by the name of John Floyd was introduced to j\\nhim by Colonel Joseph Cabell, of Rockingham county,\\nas very well qualified to fill the post of deputy in the\\nsurveyor s office. It was always a rule with Colonel\\nPreston to require every young man who was employed\\nin his office to teach school six months at least, thereby\\nfinding out his temper, diligence and trustworthiness.\\nBreckinridges, Smiths and my sisters and brothers con-\\nstituted Floyd s school.\\nThe pupils of the Eev. John Craig and the Rev. Patrick\\nHenry were too appreciative of the advantages of educa-\\ntion not to use every available means of imparting it to\\ntheir children and inculcating in them a love of reading\\nand intellectual cultivation.\\nI quote again from Mrs. Floyd s letters: Colonel\\nPreston, Colonel Thomas Lewis of Rockingham, Gen-\\neral Andrew Lewis of Botetourt, Mr. John Madison,\\nand Colonel Fleming of Augusta, engaged a Mr. Gabriel\\nJones, an Englishman, to select for them libraries in\\nLondon. This Mr. Jones was Mr. Jefferson s first part-\\nner in the practice of law. A good selection of the\\nclassics, ancient history, the distinguished poets of\\nEngland, the dictionary of arts and sciences a sort of\\nencyclopedia constituted the libraries. I would ob-\\nserve that the use of these books gave to each family\\npossessing them a station which outranked very many\\nwealthier families than the above named.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "Reminiscenc\u00e2\u0082\u00ac8 of an Octoycnarkin. 123\\nIn the autumn of that year (1773) Colonel Preston and\\nColonel Nathaniel Gist were appointed to make a treaty\\nwith the Cherokees, and, I think, the Chickamaugas, at\\nLong Island on the Holston river, in the State of Ten-\\nnessee. The treaty was made, and the southern Indians\\nwere perfectly quiet. In the March of 1774 Colonel Pres-\\nton removed my mother and her children to Smithfleld.\\nThere was a fort or stockade around the house. Several\\nof the neighbors families came into it for safety because\\nthe northwestern Indians made constant attempts on the\\nsettlements. John Taylor, who had married a niece of\\nColonel Buchanan, brought his family. Mr. Robert Pres-\\nton,* Captain James Charlton, his brother Wash., and\\nCaptain John Lucas were mainly the persons who de-\\nfended the fort.\\nI make these extracts from Mrs. Floyd s letter to show\\nthe authority for the facts stated. She wrote from\\nmemory, tis true, and sometimes made mistakes in dates,\\nbut her recollection of family incidents and history was\\nclear and vivid. After her marriage she lived within a\\nmile of Smithfleld at Solitude (now a property of\\nBlacksburg College), and by this proximity to her mother,\\nlearned more of the family history than the other mem-\\nbers of the family.\\nIn the summer and autumn of 1774 there was serious\\ntroublec with the Indians northwest of the mountains\\nof Virginia and along the Ohio river, and war was\\nThis Robert Preston was the father of John Preston, of Washington\\nCounty, who married the youngest daughter of Colonel Preston. They\\nleft a large family; the Sheffeys of Smythe are descendants of one\\nof the daughters.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "12^1 Historical ^^kctchcs and\\nimminent. Governor Diuwiddie and General Andrew\\nLewis were with tlieir resx: eetive commands marching\\ntowards the Ohio river. Colonel Preston was detained at\\nhome by the dangerous illness of his wife, but there was\\nAvork for him in his official capacity to do at home, as is\\nevidenced by the following letter, dated only twelve days\\nbefore the battle of Point Pleasant. It is to be regretted\\nthat the entire letter was not given\\nExtract from American Archives (4 Series IV., page\\n808) of a letter from Colonel William Preston, dated Fin-\\ncastle, September 28, 1774:\\nThat part of the army under the command of Colonel\\nLewis which is to meet Lord Dunmore at the mouth of\\nthe Great Kanhawa or New river, assembled at the Great\\nLevels of Greenbrier to the amount of above fifteen hun-\\ndred rank and file. Colonel Charles Lewis marched with\\nsix hundred men on the 6th instant for the mouth of Elk,\\na branch of New river, which empties some distance\\nbelow the falls, there to build a small fort and prepare\\ncanoes. Colonel Andrew Lewis marched with another\\nlarge party the 12th instant for the same place, and\\nColonel Christian was to march yesterday with the re-\\nmainder, being about four hundred, and the last supply\\nof provisions. This body of militia being mostly armed\\nwith rifle-guns and a great part of them good woodsmen,\\nare looked upon to be at least equal to any troops for\\nthe number that have been raised in America. It is\\nearnestly hoped that they will, in conjunction with the\\nother party, be able to chastise the Ohio Indians for the\\nmany murders and robberies they have committed on the\\nfrontiers for many years past.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octof/enarian. 125\\nOn the 8tli instant, one Jolm Henry was dangerously\\nwounded and his wife and three children taken prisoners\\non the head of Clinch river. The man at that time made\\nhis escape, but is since dead of wounds. The same day\\na man was taken prisoner by another party of the enemy\\non the north fork of Holston. On the 13th a soldier was\\nfired upon by three Indians on Clinch river, but as he\\nreceived no hurt, he returned the fire, and it is believed\\nkilled an Indian, as much blood was found where he fell,\\nand one of the plugs which burst out of the wound was\\nalso found. The soldier was supported by some men who\\nwere near, and gave the two Indians a chase, who, it is\\nsupposed, threw the wounded one into a deep pit which\\nwas near. The parties of the enemy were pursued several\\ndays by Captain Daniel Smith, who could not overtake\\nthem, they having stolen horses to carry them off.\\nOn the 23d two negroes were taken prisoners at Black-\\nmore s Fort, on C linch river, and a good many horses and\\ncattle shot down. On the 24th a family was killed and\\ntaken on IJeedy creek, a branch of Holston, near the\\nCherokee line, and on Sunday morning, the 25th, hal-\\nlooing and the report of many guns were heard at several\\nhouses, but the damage done was not known when the\\nexpress came away. These last murders are believed to\\nbe perpetrated by the Cherokees, as two men lately re-\\nturned from that country and made oath that two parties\\nhad left the towns, either to join the Shawanees or fall\\nupon some of our settlements; and that the Cherokees in\\ngeneral appeared in a very bad temper, which greatly\\nalarmed the traders.\\nIt is imjjossible to conceive the consternation into", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "126 Historical l^ketches and\\nwhich this hist stroke has put the inhabitants on Holston\\nand Clinch rivers, and that rather as many of their choice\\nmen are on the expedition, and they have no ammuni-\\ntion. Two of these people were at my house this day, and,\\nafter traveling above an hundred miles, offered ten shill-\\nings a pound for powder; but there is none to be had for\\nany money. Indeed, it is very alarming, for should the\\nCherokees engage in a war at this time it would ruin us,\\nas so many men are out, and ammunition so scarce. Add\\nto this the strength of these people, and their towns being\\nso near our settlements on Holston.\\nFrom its contents it may be inferred that his letter\\nwas an official rejjort either to the Executive or some\\nsuperior officer. The account given of the condition of\\nthe country confirms the inference as to the consequences\\nto Virginia had General Lewis s army been defeated.\\nThe suspicion of Governor Dunmore s treachery and\\ncovert x^urpose to allow General Lew^is s command to be\\ndefeated, not only pervaded the officers, but men under\\nhis command, as is manifest from their declaration at the\\nmouth of Hockhocking on the 5th of November, 1774,\\nthat as the love of liberty and attachment to the real\\ninterests and just rights of America outweigh every\\nother consideration we resolve that we will exert every\\npower within us for the defence of American liberty and\\nfor the support of her just rights and privileges.\\nThis declaration, it may fairly be i)resumed, was\\nintended not only as a rebuke to Governor Dunmore, but\\na warning of what were the sentiments of the people west\\nof the mountains.*\\nJohn E. Cook refers to Colonel Stewart s journal of record in", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "RciHinisrrnccs of an Octoi/cnariait. 121\\nAltlionj^li Colonel Preston was much occupied by\\norganizing- defences of the western frontier against the\\nIndians, he did not fail to inform himself about the con-\\ndition of eastern Virginia and the other colonies of\\nAmerica. The air was resonant with angry rumors of\\nBritish oppression from every quarter. Congress was in\\nsession at Philadelphia, and had distributed its cele-\\nbrated resolutions throughout the Colonies, sending them\\nto the leading men of the counties of Virginia. It may\\nbe assumed from his acquaintance with General Wash-\\nington and the prominent members of Congress, as well\\nas from his official position colonel of Fincastle\\ncount}^ that a copy was sent to Colonel Preston. He\\nwas a man of purpose and prompt action, and, with other\\nprominent and influential gentlemen, soon called a meet-\\ning of the Freeholders of Fincastle county on the 20th\\nof January, 1775, for which was drafted the proceedings\\ngiven in the Historical Sketches and Reminiscences.\\nBefore this event, or soon after, he sent John Floyd\\nas his deputy surveyor to locate and survey lands on the\\nOhio river for Colonel Preston and himself. Floyd went\\nto Point Pleasant, had a boat made and with his assist-\\nants descended the river as far as the falls. Near these,\\nat the mouth of Bear Grass creek, he surveyed a tract\\nof land (now within the corporation of Louisville), some\\nportion of which is still owned by the descendants of\\nColonel Preston. Floyd was so long absent and unheard\\nGiles County (and I have been told in Greenbrier also) in which Colonel\\nStewart states that General Lewis was credibly informed of Goveronr\\nDunmore s intention to sacrifice his command. I have failed to get a\\ncopy of this journal. T. L. P.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "128 Historical Hl-iivhvs and\\nfrom that it was coneliuled he had been killed. But after\\nencountering many dangers and hardships that few could\\nhave endured, he made his way home by Guyandotte and\\nup New river.\\nAs soon as the Declaration of Independence was pro-\\nmulgated, Colonel Preston, as colonel of the county, acted\\nas the military commandant, and no longer as colonel in\\nhis Majesty s service. His position exposed him to covert\\nand open attacks from the Tories, who infested the moun-\\ntains of Virginia and North Carolina. They were, in the\\nbeginning of the war, bold and aggressive, and often\\nthreatened the lives of the Whig military officers, espe-\\ncially those of the zealous Whigs, such as Colonel Preston\\nand William Campbell.\\nTheir raids upon the settlements were dreaded almost\\nas much as those of the Indians, for they were led by\\nand composed of the lowest and most vicious class of\\nsociety. To defend himself, his family, and his AThig\\nneighbors against these, and to guard the frontiers\\nagainst the Indians required all the energy and intelli-\\ngence of such an officer as Colonel Preston. How well\\nhe discharged those arduous duties history has not re-\\ncorded, and probably never will do so, as most of his\\npapers have been destroyed, and he had no Homer to\\nsing his praise. They were appreciated at the time by\\na grateful people, and spoken of with praise by their de-\\nscendants for more than one generation.\\nThe lead mines in Wythe county were much coveted by\\nthe Tories, for the principal supply of lead for that sec-\\ntion of country was obtained from there. Frequent\\nattempts were made by the Tories to get possession of", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "Rcmliiisvciices of ait OcfoyciiariaiL 129\\nthem, one of which was by so formidable a body of men\\nthat Colonel Preston called upon Colonel William Camp-\\nbell for assistance, and, in conjnnction with Colonel\\nCrockett, they defeated the Tories, dispersing and\\ndriving- them into North Carolina. The Cherokees and\\nother tribes of southern Indians, tampered with by the\\nEnglish, continued to threaten and make inroads upon\\nthe frontiers, and gave Colonel Preston and the other\\nofficers of that section full employment from 1776 to the\\nclose of the war. When the expedition against Colonel\\nFurgerson was urged by Colonels Shelby and Sevier,\\nColonel William Campbell hesitated to join it, because\\nhis own home was threatened by Tories. As soon, how-\\never, as Colonel Preston s approval of it was known and\\nconcurred in by Colonel Arthur Campbell, Colonel Wil-\\nliam Campbell acquiesced, and was given command of\\nthe troops raised in Washington county.\\nThe victory at King s Mountain so discouraged the\\nTories of the mountains on the borders of Virginia and\\nNorth Carolina, that both Colonel Preston and Colonel\\nCampbell promptly responded to the request of General\\nGreen to recruit his army with militia riflemen of West-\\nern Virginia. Their gallantry and efficiency at King s\\nMountain established their reputation. Colonel Preston\\nbeing nearest, responded first to General Green with a\\nforce of over 300 men. Colonel Campbell soon followed\\nwith about sixty men.* These riflemen were sent for-\\nGeneral Henry Lee (Lighthorse Harry) gives to Colonel William\\nCampbell this number. He may have had a reason for it. (See Rev.\\nDavid Schenck s North Carolina, 1780-81, account of the battle of\\nGuilford Courthouse and p. 301. He, also, gives to Campbell s contin-\\ngent 60 men.)\\n17", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "130 Histork ul Sketches and\\nward as skirmishers before the battle of Guilford Court-\\nhouse (March 15, 1781). They met the advance of Coru-\\nwallis s army at Whitsell s Mills, a short distance from\\nGeneral Green s position. Colonel Preston was riding\\na large, fiery horse that took fright at the report of the\\nguns, dashed through the mill pond, threw Colonel\\nPreston off, who was likely to be cut down by the\\nBritish Light Horse. At this critical moment, Colonel\\nJoseph Cloyd dismounted, put Colonel Preston on his\\nhorse, and thereby saved his friend and officer s life.\\nCloyd was the young man who escaped when his\\nbrother and mother were killed near Greenfield.- (See\\nMrs. Floyd s letters to her son.)\\nColonel Preston s health had been precarious, and he\\nwas so exhausted by this accident that he was carried\\nfrom the field, and his men were assigned to the command\\nof Colonel William Campbell. For an account of how\\ngallantly they fought, under the most difficult and\\ntrying circumstances, reference is again made to David\\nSchenck s North Carolina, 1780- 81, and the account he\\ngives of the battle of Guilford Courthouse.\\nAfter Colonel Preston s return from North Carolina\\nhis health continued to decline. In the month of July,\\n1781, he spent the evening with his intimate friend,\\nGeneral Evan Shelby (the father of Governor Isaac\\nShelby), and on the morning following (the 28th) he\\nprepared to attend a regimental muster at Michael\\nPrice s, three miles from Smithfield. His eldest son,\\nGeneral John Preston, then a youth, accompanied him,\\nMrs. Floyd s letters to her son.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 131\\nas did General Shelby. The day was exceedingly hot.\\nAfter being on the field a few hours, he beckoned to\\nhis son John to come to him, complained of pain in the\\nhead, and desired to lie down on Price s bed. A short\\ntime afterwards he requested his son to help him on\\nhis horse he wanted to go home. When the horse was\\nbrought to the door he made an attempt to put his foot\\nin the stirrup, sank down, was caught by his son, and\\nlaid on the bed again. By this time he had lost his\\nspeech, but took his son s hand, rolled up his shirt-\\nsleeve, and made a sign to his son to bleed him. This\\nhis son could not do. Mrs. Preston was sent for, who\\nimmediately reached the place. Colonel Preston s\\nreason had not been staggered in this conflict. He\\ncaught his wife s hand, kissed it, shed tears and made a\\nmotion to be bled. This could not be done from con-\\nsteruation and ignorance. Soon afterwards the sterto-\\nrous breathing of apoplexy came on, and about mid-\\nnight he breathed his last. Thus the life of this Chris-\\ntian gentleman and patriot ended.\\nColonel Floyd was killed on the 12th of April, 1781.\\nWhen the news reached Colonel Preston such were the\\nfeelings produced by it that he was never seen to smile\\nafterwards.\\nColonel Preston was above the ordinary height five\\nfeet eleven inches; he was large, inclined to corpulency,\\nruddy, and had fair hair and hazel eyes. His manners\\nwere easy and graceful. He had a well cultivated in-\\ntellect, and a fine taste for poetry. I remember reading\\nseveral beautiful productions of his addressed to my\\nmother in praise of her domestic virtues. On the 18th", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "132 Historical Slrtchcs and\\nof June, 1823, this excellent lady expired, after having\\nlived a widow forty years. She desired to be buried in\\nthe same grave with her husband; this was done. A\\ntombstone was placed over the grave by their second\\nson. General Francis Preston. No portrait of either\\nwas ever taken.\\nBesides his widow, Colonel Preston left ten children\\nand many friends to mourn his death.\\nColonel Preston exerted a more benign influence upon\\nthe people of his section of country than any of his con-\\ntemporaries. The cardinal virtues of integrity, truth,\\nand courage were attributes of his character, and com-\\nmanded the respect of all who knew him. These manly\\nattributes were softened and made beautiful by his piety.\\nHe was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and went\\non horseback from his mountain home to Staunton once\\nevery year (and oftener, when not prevented by other\\nduties,) to commune with his brethren, as there was no\\nchurch nearer. Exemplary in all the relations of life,\\nas father, husband, son, brother and friend, .he left an\\nunspotted reputation as an inheritance to his children,\\nand an example of unselfish and devoted patriotism to be\\nfollowed by his countr3anen.\\nJohn Preston, son of Archibald, was of the Yorkshire\\nbranch of the Prestons of England, as is established by\\nthe crest preserved by his descendants. This crest\\nis a tower with an eagle rising from its summit, and the\\nmotto is Si Dieu Yeult c, When we leave the\\ntowers of earth (D. V.) we soar to Heaven.\\nBurke General Armory gives, Preston (Preston\\nRichard, Preston Patrick, and Nether Levens, co. West-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 133\\nmoreland; seated here from time immemorial the parent\\nstock from which sprang the extinct Baronets, the Pres-\\ntons of the Manor and Abbey of Furness, the Prestons of\\nHolker and of Ellel in Cockerham, co. Palatine Lancas-\\nter). Ar. two bars gn. on a canton of the last a cinquefoil\\nor. Crests First, on a ruined tower ar. a falcon volant of\\nthe same, beaked, legged and belled or; second, on a\\nchapeau gu. turned up erm. a wolf or. Motto Si Dieu\\nYeult.\\nHe came with his wife (who was the sister of Colonel\\nJames Patton) and children from Donegal, Ireland, and\\nsettled in Augusta County, Va., near Staunton, in 1737.\\nHe was industrious, manly and pious. In 1747 he died\\nand was buried at Tinkling Spring, Augusta County,\\nwhere a monument to his memory has been erected by\\nhis descendants. He left a widow, four daughters and\\none son.\\nWilliam, born December 25, 1729, died July 28, 1781,*\\nthe subject of the preceding sketch. He left a nume-\\nrous family. His second son, Francis, was born at Green-\\nfield, near Amsterdam, Botetourt county, Virginia,\\nAugust 2, 1765, was educated at William and Mary Col-\\nlege, Virginia; studied law under Judge George Wythe,\\nand practiced with success in Montgomery, Washington\\nThis date is given by General Francis Preston, his son and executor.\\nThe old Bible at Smithfield gives the date of his death on June 22,\\n1782. I am inclined to believe that the date given by General F. Preston\\nis the correct one from an expression in Mrs. Letitia Floyd s lettei s\\nto her son, Ben. Rush Floyd. She says his health continued to decline\\nafter his return from the battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Caro-\\nlina. But says that he died on the 28th of June of that year.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "IS Hisioriccd Sketches and\\nand other counties. He married Sarah Buchanan Camp-\\nbell, daughter of General William Campbell (hero of\\nKing s Mountain), and Elizabeth Henry, sister of Patrick\\nHenry, on the 10th of January, 1793; was elected to Con-\\ngress that year from the Montgomery District, which\\nincluded Washington county, and served with distinction\\ntwo terms 1793- 9T. His private business then requiring\\nhis undivided attention, he declined a re-election. He was\\ncommissioned colonel in 1812, and marched with his\\nregiment to Norfolk, but was not engaged in any active\\ncampaigns. Subsequently he was commissioned briga-\\ndier-general and promoted to major-general of militia;\\nwas repeatedly elected to the House of Delegates and\\nSenate of Virginia, where his impressive style of speaking\\nand ability in debate placed him in the front rank among\\nhis contemporaries. He was remarkable for his physical\\nstrength and manly beauty; was courteous and graceful\\nin manners, chivalrous in spirit, scrupulously truthful\\nand conscientious and exact in business. United with\\nthese masculine attributes was a heart as warm and full\\nof tender sympathies as a woman s. Hence the friend-\\nship of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe. Marshall and others\\nwith whom he corresponded.\\nMy earliest recollection of him is that of a man in the\\nfull prime of life, and as fine a specimen of manhood as\\nI ever looked upon. Just six feet high and of a full, not\\nfleshy figure, with the erect bearing of a soldier and\\nmoving with the firm, elastic step so characteristic of\\nthe men who in their youth wore moccasins whilst hunt-\\ning in the mountains. He had the courtly manners of the\\nday and court of Washington. On his arrival in Phila-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "Rcniinisccucvs of (ui Octogvnurluu. 135\\ndelpliia as a member of Coiigres^s from the Montgomery\\nDistrict, in wliieli AVasliini^ton county was iucUuled, he\\nwas recognized and received by General Washington,\\nthen President, as the son of an old friend, and treated\\nwith courteous attention and consideration.\\nGeneral Preston died at the house of his son, William\\nCampbell Preston, in Columbia, South Carolina, May 26,\\n1835. His remains were subsequently removed to the\\nfamily grave-yard at Aspinvale, Smythe county, Virginia.\\nA monument to his memory was erected by his three sons.\\nWilliam Campbell Preston was the oldest son of Gen-\\neral Francis and Sarah Buchanan Preston, and was born\\non December 27, 1794, in south Fourth street, Philadel-\\nphia, Pennsylvania. His father was at the time a mem-\\nber of Congress, which then held its sessions in that city.\\nMrs. Dorothea Madison, wife of President James Madi-\\nson, and a relation of INlrs. Preston, always claimed that\\nshe was the first person that held him in her arms, and\\nthrough life spoke of him as her boy.\\nThe following memoir was written by ^Irs. Virginia P.\\nCarrington, niece and adopted daughter of William C.\\nPreston, and published in the Sunny South, August\\n20, 1887, and signed A. M.\\nHis early home was at the Salt-Works, Smythe county,\\nVirginia. This, to the day of his death, he thought the\\nmost beautiful spot on earth, and, next to it, the Cove of\\nCork. The Salt-Works was not then enriched and dis-\\nfigured by the numerous salt-houses, plaster-banks, small\\nstores and dwellings, which are seen in what is now\\ncalled Saltville. A few white dwellings, a few long sheds\\nfor salt, emphasized the beautiful green of the meadows;", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "136 Hisfork-al ^^Jx-clvhcs and\\nfine forests clothed the hills which prefaced the moun-\\ntains surrounding- the valley; now, the hills and moun-\\ntains are bare, and the iron horse shrieks through the\\nmeadows where vet the finest cattle graze in the richest\\nfields, undisturbed by the new inventions of the century.\\nHe was descended of illustrious parentage. His mother s\\nfather was General William Campbell, of King s ^NFoun-\\ntain fame; her mother was Elizabeth Henr}^, who was\\nsaid to be as eloquent as her brother, Patrick Henry. His\\npaternal grandfather, William Preston, was one of the\\nsurveyors Avho accompanied Washington in his early\\nexaminations of Virginia in the valley and beyond the\\nAlleghanies. He was afterwards greatly distinguished\\nin the Indian wars. When absent from the fort which\\nhe commanded his wife took his place, and defended it\\nsuccessfuly against the Indians.\\nThe subject of this memoir was well instructed by pri-\\nvate tutors until of an age to enter college. He attended\\nfor a while Washington College, now Washington and\\nLee University. Afterwards, his lungs appearing weak,\\nhe was sent to South Carolina College, at Columbia; he\\nwas so charmed with the climate, the beauty of the city\\nand the elegance of the people that he determined to\\nmake it his home. He chose the profession of the laAv,\\nand was early admitted to the bar. In the practice of his\\nprofession he was eminently successful, and made for-\\ntune after fortune, which he spent with equal celerity.\\nAn instance of his good memory and his knowledge of\\nthe English classics occurred at his entrance into South\\nCarolina College. A portion of Homer was given him to\\ntranslate. He asked if a ueneral, instead of a literal", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 1S7\\ntranslation, would do. Upon receiving an affirmative\\nanswer he gave page after page of Pope s grand para-\\nphrase. His father, who was wealthj^, offered him the\\nopportunity of travel and study in Europe, but insisted\\nhe should see something of the wilds of his own country\\nfirst. So he sent him to the far, far West, where the fron-\\ntiersman and Indian could be seen in all their pristine\\nglory even to Missouri He travelled on horseback with\\na servant carrying his portmanteau. He was, the next\\nwinter, sent to see the highest social circle of America\\nto Washington. There he was received with the utmost\\ncordiality by his kinswoman, Mrs. Madison, who insisted\\nthat he should stay at the White House, which was more\\ndelightful from the presence of several charming young\\nladies, conspicuous among whom was the great belle and\\nbeauty, Miss INIaria Mayo, who afterwards became Mrs.\\n(leneral Winfield Scott.\\nHis voyage to Europe was slow and tedious, so that\\n^Yhen he stopped off the Cove of Cork, he was so weary\\nof the sight of the waste of waters and the beauty of the\\nland was so tempting, that, with his usual impetuosity,\\nhe jumped into one of the little boats which had come\\nout to traffic with the passengers and went ashore, send-\\ning his luggage on by the ship. He traveled in Ireland\\nuntil his financial condition compelled him to follow his\\nletters of credit. When he landed in England he had\\nonly money enough to take an outside place on the stage,\\nwhich then carried passengers from the mouth of the\\nriver to Liverpool. It was raining, and the wetting he\\ngot, together with the fatigue, brought on a fever and\\nconsequent delirium, in which state he was taken into\\ni8", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "138 Historical Sketches and\\nthe inn. The landlord, on examining his papers, found\\nletters to the American Consul, who was then, and for\\nmany years after, ]Mr. James INIaury, but he being- absent,\\nhis place was sui)plied by ]Mr. Haggarty, of Virginia.\\nHe, with the assistance of his friend, Washington Irving,\\nnursed him back to health. Thus, with Washington\\nIrving, began one of his most valued friendships, and one\\nwhich ended only with death. One of the last things\\nwhich I read to Mr. Preston, as he lay on his death-bed,\\nwas an account of the first celebration of the anniversary\\nof Irving s death, ^fr. Irving was already a man of dis-\\ntinction in the world of letters. When ]Mr. Preston went\\nto London he gave him letters of introduction to Lord\\nBrougham, Lord John Russell and others. Through the\\nletter to Lord John Eussell he had an invitation to spend\\nthe Christmas at the country house of the Duke of Red-\\nford, where he met many people of distinction. There\\nwere some trouble to know how to place the untitled\\nAmerican gentleman. Finally he was consigned to the\\ncare of one of the younger sons of the house and went\\ninto dinner under his care. Lord Brougham spoke of the\\nrelationship between their families. Lord Brougham,\\nLord Erskine and Patrick Henry were cousins, and all of\\nthem nephews of Robertson, the historian.* Sidney\\nSmith asked to be introduced to him, as he said an Ameri-\\ncan gentleman was quite a curiosity. When he went to\\nEdinborough to enter the TTniversity, Mr. Irving gave him\\na letter of introduction to Sir Walter Scott. Scott was\\npartial to Americans, and paid them much attention.\\n*This has been questioned.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octoi/enarian. 139\\nThere was a remarkable set of students at that time in\\nEdinborough. Mr. Cogswell, at the Astor Library; J.\\nFenimore Cooper, Mr. Hugh S. Legare, Mr. Govau, Mr.\\nEverett, and Mr. Ticknor were in Europe at the time and\\ntraveled with Mr. Preston on the Continent, but I aiu not\\nsure they studied together. Sir Walter Scott took a\\nspecial fancy to Mr. Preston, and he was consequently\\nmuch at Abbotsford. Mr. Preston asked Sir Walter s\\nadvice as to whether it was well for him to accept the\\ninvitations to Abbotsford to the house of Mrs. Grant of\\nLaggan (author of Roy s Wife of Aldervalock and\\nother places where literature was a topic of chief interest.\\nSir W^alter said he would scarcely ever meet with such\\nsociety as was then in and around Edinborough, and he\\nshould by all means take advantage of it; he should be\\ndiligent also in attending all the lectures at the Univer-\\nsity, for there was a remarkable set of professors, but\\nhis books he could carrj^ with him anywhere. When,\\nyears afterwards, he was elected to the Senate, a friend\\nhastened to Laggan to tell Mrs. Grant of the honor be-\\nstowed, Pshaw! she said; if those Americans had any\\nsense they w^ould have made him President long ago.\\nDuring the vacations he made several pedestrian tours\\nwith Mr. Irving; they rambled through Scotland, North-\\nern England and Wales. Many of the scenes of the\\nSketch Book were witnessed together. Mr. Irving\\nwrote to Mr. Preston: Your allusions to Jones of\\nBrienne and Loch Katrine brought up a host of recollec-\\ntions of pleasant scenes and pleasant adventures, which\\nwe enjoyed together in our peregrinations through Scot-\\nland and England in our younger days. I often recur in", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "IJfO Historical Sketches and\\nthought to those ramblings, which present some of the\\nmost agreeable day-dreams of past times; and if I dared\\nindulge my pen, could call up many an amusing incident\\nin which you figured conspicuously.\\nSoon after his return from Europe he married Aliss\\nMaria Eliza Coalter, daughter of Judge John Coalter,\\nformerly of Virginia, then of Missouri. Judge Coalter\\nhad several beautiful daughters, all of whom married\\ndistinguished men. One married Judge William Harper,\\nwhom Mr. Preston considered the finest intellect South\\nCarolina ever produced. Another, Judge St. George\\nTucker, one of Virginia s finest jurists; one Judge Ed-\\nward Bates, who was afterwards a member of President\\nLincoln s Cabinet; the youngest married Mr. David\\nMeans, an eminent Presbyterian divine.\\nMr. Preston became as conspicuous in politics as in\\nlaw, and for many years represented South Carolina in\\nthe Senate, where he ranked with Webster, Clay, Cal-\\nhoun, and Benton. On his resignation from the Senate\\nMr. Webster wrote:\\nDear Sir, Your resignation gives me pain, although\\n3 ou had prepared us to expect it. In the political and\\nsocial circles here it causes a void not easily to be filled.\\nYour career in the Senate has been long, useful, and\\nsplendid; and I believe you leave Congress wirh the re-\\nspect and good wishes of all its members. Since I have\\nbeen in my present situation, I have derived important\\naid from your advice and occasional suggestions an\\nobligation I most cheerfully acknowledge, but I owe you\\na much greater debt, for your constant personal kindness,", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. I4I\\nfrom the social happiness derived from your conversa-\\ntiou, aud for the gratilication aud instruction derived\\nfrom your efforts in debate. This, my dear sir, is entirely\\nhonest and sincere. I am melancholy at your leaving\\nthe Senate, and could not forego this occasion to signify\\nto you my ardent feelings of attachment and regard.\\nKind remembrances to Mrs. Preston; there again I have\\nheavy losses. With whom shall I now converse on Bibli-\\ncal criticism, old English style and other kindred sub-\\njects. I salute, also. Miss Preston, with very sincere re-\\ngards; aud wish for you all true and everlasting happi-\\nness. Daniel Webster.\\nMrs. Preston here alluded to was Senator Preston s\\nsecond wife, who had been Miss Louisa Penelope Davis,\\nthe daughter of an eminent physician of Columbia, South\\nCarolina. She was a lady of great beauty of person and\\nremarkable literary attainments. Although much\\nyounger than Mr. Preston, he outlived her thirteen years,\\nand he always said his heart died with her; but he was\\nmuch revived in his last years by the love of an adopted\\ndaughter. Miss Preston, of whom Mr. Webster speaks,\\nwas the only child who attained maturity; her father s\\ntender, loving heart was crushed by her death.\\nMr. Preston was a great patron of the arts. He was\\nthe means of sending the sculptor, Hiram Powers, to\\nItaly; that is, he recognized his genius, and called the\\nattention of his brother, Mr. John S. Preston, to him, and\\nhe supplied most of the means which enabled Mr. Powers\\nto prosecute the studies which have placed him first\\namong American artists. Mr. Powers has shown his", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "1^2 Historical Slxeiches and\\ngratitude in many ways by bestowino- the name of\\nPreston on bis son, wlio is now eminent among sculptors;\\nby gifts of his works; several portrait busts were pre-\\nsented to the family. His Eve, Proserpine, and Genevia\\nwere made for Mr. John S. Preston. Mr. W. C. Preston\\nalso assisted Mr. Chapman to go to Italy to study paint-\\ning. Shortly before Mr. Preston s death, Mr. Chapman\\nsent him several etchings and some photographs of his\\nlarge paintings.\\nMr. Preston was made president of South Carolina Col-\\nlege, in which capacity he served for many years, to the\\ngreat advantage of the institution and of the young men\\nunder him. In general, he enjoyed it, but I heard him\\nsay once, when the boys were rather unruly, that he\\nwould rather drive an earthquake with a team of\\nvolcanoes than a set of wild boys. He was a man of\\npowerful influence in the politics of his State. He was\\nbeloved by the least child and the greatest intellects. He\\nhonored and admired woman to such a degree that he\\nhabitually said no man was worthy of any woman. He\\nwas very active in nullification. When the secession in\\nthe Democratic party took place in Charleston, in 1860,\\nhis heart broke, for he had studied the relations between\\nthe States and the strength and purpose of each and all,\\nso that he knew what a fearful struggle was impending.\\nAs he lay dying Mr. Petigru, the great Charleston lawyer\\nand his contemporary, came to see him, and they wept\\ntogether over the coming strife. Mr. Petigru said: I\\nenvy you, Preston. You are leaving us, and I will\\nhave to stay and see it all. And so he gladly bade fare-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "Remimsccnccs of an Octoi/enarian. I lS\\nwell to earth on May 22d, rejoicinj^- in hope of the world\\nto come. A. M.\\nTo this j^raceful and graphic sketch the following\\nsequel is appended:\\nNo report nor synopsis of his greatest efforts as an\\norator have been preserved. Among the first was his\\nspeech before the Legislature of South Carolina in de-\\nfence of Judge James, who was impeached for drunken-\\nness. In preparing this speech, Avhich was done with\\nelaborate care, the pathetic portion of it rose so palpably\\nbefore him that he rested his head upon the desk and\\nwept like a child.\\nWhen the House was called to order every seat was\\noccupied, and the aisles and galleries crammed. As he\\nrose there was a hush that made breathing audible. His\\nmanner was grave and dignified as became the occasion,\\nand the opening sentences caught and fixed the atten-\\ntion of the assembly. The argumentative portion w^as\\nclear, spirited and able, and when he felt that his\\naudience was in full sympathy with him he drew a pic-\\nture of this pure and able judge, bowed and humiliated\\nby a single infirmity, so pathetic that the whole assem-\\nbly was moved to tears, and senators sobbed aloud. This\\neffort confirmed his reputation as the first orator of the\\nSouth.\\nAt the bar he ranked among the ablest and most\\nlearned lawyers of his day, and was as successful in the\\nmanagement and preparation of civil as criminal cases.\\nThe latter, however, offered oi)portunities for the display\\nof his peculiar gifts. The trial of Mr. for murder", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "i//.} Historical Sketches and\\nwas one in which his tact, ability and eloquence were\\nconspicuous. The evidence was strong against his client,\\nand the only plea upon which any hope of acquittal could\\nbe founded was that of self-defence. His quick and re-\\ntentive memory recalled a very similar case in which\\nCicero had succeeded upon the same plea. In his speech\\nhe not only availed himself of the ingenious defence of\\nthe Koman orator, but captivated the jury and the\\naudience by a paraphrase of his glowing and most im-\\npassioned eloquence. Indeed, so full was his mind of\\nclassic and modern instances, that often in the familiarity\\nof the home circle his conversation was interspersed with\\napt quotations in prose and poetry from the best authors.\\nFew were as familiar with the English classics as he\\nwas, and for the edification of the younger members of\\nhis family he would recite scenes from Shakespeare or\\npassages from Milton, Scott, or some other standard\\nauthor.\\nAs a popular orator he was fully the peer of his mater-\\nnal uncle, Patrick Henry. ^lany instances could be given\\nof his absolute sway over the emotions of large assem-\\nblies, and his power of rousing them to the most tumult-\\nuous enthusiasm, or melting them to tears, or convulsing\\nthem with laughter. The memory of one such instance\\nstill lingers in Southwest Virginia after the lapse of half\\na century. It was during a canvass for Congress between\\nMr. Draper and Mr. Charles C. Johnston. Mr. Preston\\nwas staying with his family at Chilhowie Springs. The\\nmass-meeting was at Meek s Store-house, about five miles\\ndistant. Mr. Draper was represented by John N. Humes,\\na young lawyer recently from Tennessee. By some acci-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octof/enarian. IJ/S\\ndent, neither Mr. Johnston nor any speaker authorized\\nto represent him could be present. In this extremity his\\npartisans sent a delegation in haste to Mr. Preston to\\nurge him to come to their assistance, and to give him\\nsome idea of the attack that would be made upon an inti-\\nmate friend and relation. Their representations roused\\nMr. Preston, and he hastened to the rendezvous. His\\narrival Avas kept a secret, and, unobserved, he entered\\nthe rear of the house from the piazza from which the\\nspeakers were to address the crowd. Mr. Humes, all\\nunconscious of his presence, and thinking he had the field\\nto himself, indulged in unguarded assertions and bitter\\ndenunciations of IMr. Johnston. When he closed, Mr.\\nPreston presented himself before the audience, and,\\nstraightening up to his full height (six feet two inches),\\nstood, the impersonation of the champion that he was.\\nThe effect was electric. Mr. Humes ventured to suggest\\nthat Mr. Preston had no right to speak in a Virginia can-\\nvass, as he was a South Carolinian. His friends took it\\nup, and for a few moments the crowd was agitated. Then\\nMr. Preston s voice, like a clarion, thrilled through it as\\nhe said My foot is on my native heath and my name\\nis William Campbell Preston. Instantly every murmur\\nwas represj-ed, and the whole assembly settled into the\\nattitude of fixed attention. He alluded to the fact that\\nalmost within the sound of his voice rested the bones of\\nfour generations of his people, and named the com-\\npanions of his boyhood with whom he had roamed over\\nhill and dale of that neighborhood, and these companions\\nwere sons of that gallant band of heroes whom his grand-\\nfather had led in the battle of King s ^fountain. The\\n19", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "1/^6 Historical Sketches and\\nchord of sympathy was struck and vibrated in harmony\\nto every touch he gave. The crowd was roused to the\\nwildest enthusiasm. It was an easy task to vindicate\\nMr. Johnston before such an audience, and this was done\\nso fully and effectually that every imputation was\\nsilenced forever. Mr. Preston then turned his batteries\\nupon Mr. Humes, and, pointing at him as the recent im-\\nportation from Tennessee, held him up before the crowd\\nin every aspect of ridicule and scorn that his excited feel-\\nings suggested. Passages of this speech were remem-\\nbered and quoted as long as those who heard it lived.\\nOf Mr. Preston s speeches in the Senate of the United\\nStates, one of the most carefully prepared and effective,\\nwas upon the French spoliation claims. He had been\\nexamining into the subject for some time and collecting\\ninformation from every source. The discussion of the\\nquestion was interrupted for a day by other business, and\\nhe went to the Senate that morning expecting some other\\nsenator would resume it and occupy the morning session.\\nNo one did, however, and unexpectedly the duty devolved\\nupon him. As soon as it was known in the House of\\nEepresentatives that Mr. Preston was speaking there was\\na rush for the Senate Chamber, and in a very little while\\nevery seat was occupied, and the gallery crowded. For\\ntwo hours he held the audience spellbound; and not even\\nthe rustling of a lady s garments broke the silent and\\nabsorbed attention of senators and the mixed audience of\\nthe galleries. Details and facts, which would in other\\nhands have been tedious and dry, sparkled with interest\\nand were inspired with life. The style and manner of\\nhis delivery were in harmony with the highest ideals of", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. l.^il\\nsenatorial dignity, and elicited enoominms and praise\\nfrom Clay, Webster and others of the brightest intellects\\nof the period.\\nMr. Preston s vocabulary was singularly voluminous,\\nand both in conversation and speaking, his choice of\\nwords was felicitous and exact. Hence the grace and\\nbeauty, as well as lucidness, of his sentences. His voice\\nwas clear and melodious and capable of great modulation.\\nElocution was a natural endowment, but was so culti-\\nvated and trained that in the most impassioned passages\\nof his speeches he neither strained his voice to an unna-\\ntural pitch nor mouthed his words. He was, therefore,dis-\\ntinctly heard by the most remote of the largest audiences\\nhe addressed. His gestures were so natural and graceful\\nthat they were observed only when they gave point or\\nemphasis to the idea expressed.\\nIn short, to use the language of a competent and\\nlearned critic, he was the most finished orator America\\nhas produced.\\nJohn S., son of Francis and Sarah B. Preston, was born\\nat the Salt-Works, Virginia, April 20, 1809: died in\\nColumbia, South Carolina, May 1, 1881; graduated at\\nHampden-Sidney College; attended lectures at the Uni-\\nversity of Virginia 1825- 6; then went to Cambridge,\\nMassachusetts, and began the study of law.\\nHe married Caroline M. Hampton, daughter of General\\nWade Hampton, April 28, 1830, and first settled in Abing-\\ndon. After the death of General Hampton he moved to\\nColumbia, South Carolina. For some years he w^as largely\\nengaged in sugar-planting in Louisiana, but was never", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "1J[8 Historira] i^hichcf; and\\nso absorbed by business that much of his time was not\\ndevoted to literary pursuits. He retired early and rose\\nbetween 3 and 5 A. M., that the quiet of the morning-\\nhours might be given to intellectual occupations. The\\naid he liberally gave struggling artists of America, nota-\\nbly to the sculptor Hiram Powers, whose genius was\\nrecognized and brought to his notice by his brother, Wil-\\nliam C. Preston, is only one of many instances and acts\\nof his generosity, and also indicates his love of the fine\\narts. In part acknowledgment of this timely assistance,\\njNlr, Powers presented him with the first replica of the\\nGreek Slave. He also became widely known as an orator,\\ndelivering among other famous addresses the speech of\\nwelcome to the Palmetto Regiment on its return from the\\nMexican War, in 1848, which gave him a national repu-\\ntation. This was increased by subsequent orations before\\nthe 76 Association of Charleston; the literary societies\\nof South Carolina College, and that at the seventy-fifth\\nanniversary of the battle of King s Mountain, and at\\nlaying the corner-stone of the University of the South at\\nSewanee, Tennessee. These orations were of absorbing\\ninterest and force, and of themselves entitled General\\nPreston to the first rank among southern orators. He\\nwas an ardent secessionist, and in May, 1860, was chair-\\nman of the South Carolina delegation to the Democratic\\nConvention at Charleston.\\nAfter the election of President Lincoln, he was ap-\\npointed commissioner to Virginia, and in February, 1861,\\nmade an elaborate plea in favor of the withdrawal of\\nthe State from the Union. This was regarded as the", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "Reniiniscoicrs of an Ocloj/cnariaii. Uji)\\ncrowniiiii- effort of his oratory, and was spoken of in terms\\nof the highest eulogy by all who heard it.\\nHe was on (Jeneral P. G. T. Beauregard s staff in 1861,\\nand acted as one of the aides de-camp in the first battle\\nof Manassas or Bull Bun. Subsequently he was trans-\\nferred to the Conscript Department, with the rank of\\nBrigadier-General. Not long after the surrender he left\\nthis country for England, and remained abroad two or\\nmore years. Some time after his return he was asked\\nto deliver an address at the commencement of the Uni-\\nversity of Virginia. The character and sentiments of this\\nspeech have been misunderstood and misrepresented. It\\nwas a fervid and bold expression of opinions formed from\\na southern view of history, and which alone justify the\\naction of the Southern States.\\nSubjugation may repress, but does not change convic-\\ntions, and southern leaders, whilst they acquiesce in the\\narbitrament of war, honestl} believed the cause they\\nmaintained with their fortunes and their lives was just\\nin the sight of God. General Preston voiced this con-\\nviction, and remitted its vindication to posterity. Such\\nutterances may have been imprudent at the time and\\nunder the circumstances, but they were not treasonable;\\nnor were they intended to repress the spirit of reconcilia-\\ntion, so carefully fostered by true patriots, provided the\\nfaith that animated and sustained the entire South in\\nthat sad conflict was not denounced and characterized as\\nwilful and wicked rebellion.\\nWhen General Preston surrendered and gave his\\nallegiance to the United States he had no reserved\\nthoughts, and was as loyal a citizen as could be found\\nbetween the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "Koiiijiiscou Cfi of an Octoc/cnariaii. 151\\nPATTON S CLAIM TO PRIORITY.\\nlu the Filson Club Publications, No. 13, entitled\\nFirst Exploration of Kentucky, by Colonel J. Stoddard\\nJohnston, there is this note on page 42:\\nFrom the fact that Dr. Walker was here (on the Hol-\\nston river) in 1748, historians have fallen into the error\\nof stating that it was in this year that he went to Cum-\\nberland Gap in company with Colonel James Patton,\\nMajor Charles Campbell and others, but there is nothing\\nupon which the assertion rests except a misty tradition.\\nIt is doubtless based upon the fact that these gentle-\\nmen, in 1749, Dr. Walker being one of the number, made\\nan exploration with a view to taking up land, as some\\nof them did on the Holston in East Tennessee.\\nAs I was one of these historians who have fallen\\ninto the error (if error it be), I may be pardoned for\\ngiving the authorities upon which I based the account\\nof Colonel Patton s exploring expedition in 1748, and\\nwhich was published in the American Monthly Magazine\\nof January, 1897.\\nFirst. As to the line through which this alleged\\nmisty tradition is traced.\\nMy father, General Francis Preston, was a son of Col-\\nonel William Preston, who was the nephew, private\\nsecretary, and executor of Colonel James Patton; Mrs.\\nLetitia Flovd, wife of Governor John Flovd, was his sis-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "152 Historical Shivhcs and\\nter, and (Tovernor Floyd was the .i Tandson of Colonel\\nJohn Buchanan, who was the son-in-law of Colonel James\\nPatton. and was one of the surveyors who accompanied\\nhim upon this and other expeditions. ^Ix mother was the\\ndaughter of General William Campbell, only sou of Major\\nCharles Campbell, the other surveyor. Major Charles\\nCampbell s wife vras the sister of John Buchanan, and\\ngrandmother of my mother.\\nIf tradition transmitted through such closely-allied\\nfamilies be \u00c2\u00bb//.s///, then it would be difficult to say by\\nwhat combination of circumstances and family alliances\\na tradition could be relied upon as free from mists.\\nSecond. Joseph A. Waddell, in his Annals of Augusta\\nCounty, on page 38, says: It is stated that as early as\\n1748, Colonels Patton and Buchanan and others, with a\\nnumber of hunters, made an exploring tour to the Scmth-\\nwest. They discovered and named the Cumberland\\nMountain and river, so called in honor of the Duke of\\nCumberland, who had recently gained the battle of Cul-\\nloden in Scotland.\\nIn Virginia, ]Mr. Waddell is accepted as reliable\\nauthority for every statement of fact that he makes.\\nEven where he does not give his authority for his asser-\\ntions, it is assumed that they are supported by and based\\nupon ascertained facts, derived from reliable sources.\\nI felt warranted by this statement, sustaining the\\nfamily tradition, in giving to Colonel Pattou the credit\\nof discovering and naming Cumberland ^louutain and\\nCumberland river, and suggested the influence which\\nprompted him so to name them.\\nIt mav also be noted that ^Ir. Waddell does not men-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "Rcminiscoiccfi of an Octofienariaii. 153\\ntion Dr. Walker as of the party. Had he occupied the\\nmost prominent position it is fair to presume that he\\nwould have been named.\\nThird. Lyman C Draper, in his King s Mountain and\\nIts Heroes, page 379, says: Charles Campbell was not\\nonly an enterprising farmer of Augusta, but early en-\\ngaged in Avesteru explorations and in the acquisition of\\nthe rich Avild lands of the country. In April, 1748, he\\nmade an exploring tour down the Holston in company\\nwith Dr. Thomas AValker, Colonel James Patton, James\\nWood and John Buchanan, together with a number of\\nhuntsmen and woodsmen.\\nIn this extract the names of the principal parties are\\ngiven, and the date of the expedition.\\nKnowing the relation of these parties to each other,\\ntheir relative positions can be assigned.\\nThe organization indicates Colonel Patton as its author\\nand leader. Of the two surveyors, John Buchanan was\\nhis son-in-law, and Charles Campbell, the brother-in-law\\nof John Buchanan, making a famil}^ party.\\nDr. Walker and James Wood were honored but invited\\nassociates, as may be inferred from the sequel. The\\nhunters and woodsmen were, in all probability, from the\\nvicinity and selected by Colonel Patton, from his knowl-\\nedge of their fitness for the service for which they were\\nemployed.\\nAt the date of this expedition. Colonel Patton was\\nabout fifty-eight years of age, in the full vigor of robust\\nmanhood, and had won influence and distinction in\\nAugusta county, and was regarded as one of the wealth-\\niest men of that community. He was able, therefore, to\\n20", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "i5-^ Historical Sketches and\\nequip and support the party that he organized for such\\nan extended and perhaps perilous expedition.\\nDr. Walker was also in the prime of life thirty-three\\nyears old, and, by right of his wife, owner of 15,000 acres\\nof land in Piedmont Virginia. He was a worthy associate\\nand friend of Colonel Patton.\\nIt was on this expedition that Reedy Creek, Walker s\\nMountain, and Walker s Creek, in Wythe county, were\\nnamed. The Holston river was called Indian river,\\nas is proved by the earliest surveys. (See patents to\\nCharles Campbell.) Why and when the name was\\nchanged, first to Holstein, then to Holston, I have not\\nbeen able to ascertain. Dr. Walker calls it Holston river\\nas early as March 23, 1750. The changes of name must\\nhave been rapid.\\nColonel J. Stoddard Johnston has traced with great\\nlabor and research the course of Dr. Walker s expedition\\nin 1750. But I can see nothing in it contradicting the\\nassumption and proof of a previous expedition in 1748\\nwith Colonel Patton and his party. The organization of\\nthe two parties are widely different. The companions of\\nDr. Walker are named in his diary, and were his personal\\nfriends, for whom he named many of the streams he\\nreached and partly explored, beginning with Powell s\\nriver that flows through Lee county, Virginia.\\nHis statement that in 1750 he had met Samuel Stal-\\nnaker on the Holston is conclusive evidence that he him-\\nself was there at that time, and the only tradition or\\nmention of an earlier exploring expedition to the waters\\nof the Holston, is that of Colonel James Patton, in 1748.\\nWith all due deference to Colonel Johnston s opinions", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Octogenarian. 155\\nand inferences, I am constrained to differ with him in\\nregard to Stalnaker. Dr. Walker says only that when\\nhe first met Stalnaker, he (Stalnaker) was on his way to\\nthe Cherokee Indians and expected him to pilot me as\\nfar as he knew, but his affairs would not permit him to\\ngo with me (on this expedition of 1750).\\nNo hint is given that Stalnaker was anything more\\nthan a trader with the Cherokee Indians, and they lived\\non the borders of Tennessee and Georgia, south of Dr.\\nWalker s projected route.\\nI do not think it i)robable (as Colonel Johnston seems\\nto do) that Stalnaker gave the information as to certain\\nlocalities that he (Dr. W^alker) contemplated visiting\\nsuch as the valley of the Clinch river, the region north\\nand west of Clinch Mountain, and Cumberland Mountain,\\nto the head-waters of Kentucky and Cumberland rivers,\\nof which previous information he (Dr. Walker) gave\\nevidence as he advanced into Kentucky. It is more\\nprobable (in my opinion) that this previous informa-\\ntion was obtained from a more intelligent source\\nColonel James Patton as will appear from the sequel.\\nIn John P. Hale s Trans- Alleghany Pioneers (page\\n102), he states: This way (by luglis Ferry on New\\nriver) passed Dr. Thomas Walker and his first party of\\nexplorers in 17J/8, and also his second expedition in 1750.\\nAgain, on page 108, he says: On the return of the\\nexpedition of Dr. Walker, Patton and others, in 17^8,\\nthey organized the Loyal Land Company, based on a\\ngrant of 800,000 acres of land, to lie north of the North\\nCarolina line, and west of the mountains, and incorpor-\\nated their company in June, 1749.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "136 Historical Si-etciies and\\nAgain, on page 250: 1748. Dr. Thomas Walker and\\nparty crossed New river westward, and were the first\\nfrom this direction to penetrate into Kentucky. {Italics\\nmine. T. L. P.) It has been previously stated how this\\nparty of Dr. Walker and others of 1748 was organized\\nand commanded. (See page 9.)\\nThe extracts from Hale are given as proof that there\\nwere tico expeditions in which Dr. Walker was a party,\\nand that the first in /7-JS, was the first from this (New\\nriver, west) direction to penetrate into Kentucky. Mr.\\nHale repeats on page 109 the statement of the tiro trips\\nof the exi^loring parties of Dr. Walker, and mentions\\nsome of the streams traveled up and down which empty\\ninto New river.\\nThe fact of two trips west of New river being estab-\\nlished by proof that cannot be gainsaid, it may be well\\nto examine from whom Dr. Walker obtained information\\nabout the country he explored in 1750.\\nIt is stated, or rather intimated, by Colonel J. S. John-\\nston, that Dr. Walker went on this expedition in the\\ninterest of, if not employment of, other parties or persons.\\nThis intimation is confirmed by the opening para-\\ngraph of Dr. Walker s journal, as published by the Filson\\nClub. Itis\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nHaving on the 12th of December last been employed\\nfor a certain consideration to go to the westward in\\norder to discover a proper place for a settlement, I left\\nmy house on the Gth day of March at 10 o clock, 1749- 50,\\nin company with Ambrose Powell, William Tomlinson,\\nColby Chew, Henry Lawless and John Hughes. (Note\\nhow entirely different this company is from that organ-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an Oclof/enarian. 151\\nized by Colonel Patton.) They reached Euglish s\\n(Inglis on the IGth of March. (See Diary, page 1.)\\nBut the question is, who employed Dr. Walker to go\\nwestward in order to discover a proper place for a set-\\ntlement? There can be but oue answer, the Loyal Com-\\npany. As Colonel Patton was at the head of that organ-\\nization, it could only have been chiefly, if not exclusively,\\nthrough his influence that Dr. Walker Avas sent on this\\ntour of discovery of a proper place for a settlement. This\\ncompany, as stated by Mr. Hale (pages 108 and 250) was\\norganized in June 1749, ufier their return from the ex-\\npedition in 1718, by Walker, Patton, and others (William\\nInglis was one of the others with a grant of 800,000\\nacres of land. The Holston Valley into Tennessee had\\nbeen previously explored. Colonel Patton and William\\nInglis had crossed Clinch Mountain into Tazewell county\\nthrough Burk s Garden, and it may be as far north as\\nthe headwaters of Clinch river. The country to be ex-\\nplored, therefore, was the Clinch Valley and the region\\nnorth and west of Clinch and Cumberland mountains.\\nThis hypothesis explains the route taken by Dr. Walker,\\nand his deflection from the Holston Valley at Abingdon\\nto the Northwest, and crossing Clinch Mountain, perhaps\\nat Moccasin Gap, and so through Scott to Powell s Valley,\\nin Lee, naming the river that flows through it after his\\nfriend, Ambrose Powell, and thence over Cumberland\\nMountain to the head waters of the Kentucky and Cum-\\nberland rivers.\\nIt is remarkable that Dr. Walker does not give the\\nname to any mountain that he crossed, but does give\\nnames to every stream of any magnitude and to many", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "158 Historical Sl-etches and\\nsmaller branches. I do not, and cannot, concur in\\nColonel J. Stoddard Johnston s inference, for it is only\\nan inference, and not an assertion of Dr. Walker s, that\\nhe (Dr. Walker) aftericard named Cave Gap Cum-\\nberland Gap.\\nJf, as I maintain. Colonel Patton s party penetrated\\ninto Kentncl-y, as John Hale says they did; and named\\nCumberland Mountain and Cumberland Gap, as Joseph\\nA. Waddell says they did, and the pioneer expedition\\nwas organized April, 1748, as Lyman C. Draper states\\n(supplemented by Waddell), then the misiy traditioii,^\\nexamined by the light of investigation, like some cloud-\\ncapped pinnacle when lighted by the sun is seen to stand\\nupon a sure foundation the foundation of historical truth.\\nThos. L. Pkeston.\\nUniversity of yirginia, April, 1899.\\nNote 1. Colonel Patton and John Buchanan in 1749 went as far\\nwest as Bristol, Tennessee (how much fuilher is not known), for in\\nthat year Colonel Patton bought the settlers right of one Taylor,\\nand gave it to his son-in-law, John Buchanan, who surveyed it that\\nyear. The patent for it^ however, was not issued until after General\\nFrancis Preston became the executor of Colonel William Preston and\\nGeneral William Campbell, who certified the survey to the court, and\\nthe patent was issued by Mr. Jefferson, then Governor of Virginia.\\nT. L. P.\\nNote 2. William Inglis purchased the land at and about Inglis\\nFerry from the Loyal Land Company, Dr. Thomas Walker agent.\\nDr. John P. Hale, Trans-Alleghany Pioneer, p. 109.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "Reminiscences of an ()clo(/enarian. JoO\\nSKETCH OF WILLIAM KING.\\nWilliam King was born iu Ireland, 17G9, and came to\\nAmerica a lad of fifteen, landing at Newcastle, Dela-\\nware, August 17, 1784. He went to Philadelphia and\\nentered into an engagement for five years with a mer-\\nchant of that city.\\nHe did not know where his father, Thomas King, had\\nsettled, and his father Avas not informed of the arrival\\nin America and employment of his son. As soon, how-\\never, as he ascertained that the son was in Philadelphia\\nhe started from Fincastle (where he was engaged in busi-\\nness) on horseback, leading a pony to bring his son to\\nhis home.\\nBut the young man would not yield even to a father s\\npersuasion, and refused to violate his contract with the\\nmerchant and return with his father. He remained,\\ntherefore, in Philadelphia until 1791, when he joined his\\nfather at Fincastle. Not long afterward his father sent\\nhim to Ireland for his stepmother, his brother and sister.\\nThe only members of the family that did not return\\nwith him were Connally Find lay and his family. They\\ncame five years afterwards, in 1796. Whilst in Ireland\\nWilliam King received a legacy of \u00c2\u00a3100 left him by his\\ngrandmother, Elizabeth Davis. With this capital he\\nstarted as a peddler to make his fortune, and the success\\nhe attained shows what intellect and energy can accom-", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "160 Historical Sketches and\\nplish. He soon established stores (as they were called)\\nor mercantile houses along his line of travel, and stocked\\nthem with such merchandise as best suited the people of\\nthe country. By his repeated trips he acquainted himself\\nwith the people and learned their wants.\\nWonderfully endowed by nature with quick discrimi-\\nnation, observation and sagacity, his business prospered\\nwith phenomenal rapidity, and he soon acquired the\\nposition of an influential member of the community. His\\neducation and his courteous manners gave him access to\\nevery social circle, and he won the confidence of his con-\\ntemporaries by his integrity and manliness. One of his\\ngifts was rapidity and accuracy in calculation. His ac-\\ncounts were kept in pounds, shillings and pence, and, it\\nis said, he added up the long columns of the old account\\nbooks by a succession of spans or hand-breadths. In 1799\\nhe married IMiss Mary Trigg, one of the handsomest and\\nmost elegant daughters of that old family, and built the\\nfirst brick residence in Abingdon. There he made his\\nhome, and there it stands diagonally across the street\\nnorth of the court-house.\\nMr. King, as most English-born subjects, wished to\\nentail his estate, and as he had no children, he decided\\nto make such dispositions that some branch of his family\\nshould inherit the bulk of it. The acquisition of his\\nvaluable property at the Salt-Works and the conditions\\nof the will by which he attempted to dispose of it have\\nbeen referred to in the Reminiscences.\\nWilliam King died in 1808. Am I not justified in say-\\ning that the crowning act of his life was the bequest of", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "Ixcininiscoiccs of an Octof/cnariaii. 161\\n110,000 to The Academy as a school for boys? No\\nmemorial shaft or proud mausoleum could so enduringly\\nperpetuate his wisdom and beneficence. These may\\ncrumble and mingle with the dust, but so long as that\\nhill stands, crowned by the academy, the name of Wil-\\nliam King will be gratefully recalled by successive gen-\\nerations. His widow married Captain Francis Smith,\\nand their descendants are among tl\\ncultivated of the present generation.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nAbbottsford\\nAbingdon, 11, 19, 29, 59, 63, 86\\n93, 94, 9 96, 97, 98, 99,\\n101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,\\n109, 110. 157, 160.\\nAcademy 101,\\nAcademy Hill\\nAcklin, Chris\\nAdams, Geo\\nAlbemarle Co\\nAlkaline Works\\nAlleghany Mountains, 9, 16, 34,\\nAmsterdam 13, 14, 15, 118,\\nAnchor and Hope 14,\\nAnderson, Jno 51,\\nArmstrong, Jas 99,\\nAspinvale. .14, 15, 18, 38, 54, 63,\\nAstor Library\\nAugusta Co., 9, 10, 17, 19, 38,\\n121, 122, 133, 153.\\nBailey, Thos\\nBaker, Thos\\nBaltimore\\nBancroft, Geo 28,\\nBates, Judge Edw\\nBates, Wm\\nBear Grass Creek\\nBeaty, David\\nBeaty, Jno\\nBeauregard, P. G. T\\nBeckam, Miss Sallie\\nBedford, Duke of\\nBedford Militia\\nBell, Samuel\\nBenton, T. H\\nPage. Page.\\n139 Berry, Jas 20\\n89, Berry, Jno 20\\n100, Berry, Thos 21\\n108, Berry, Wm 20, 22\\nBerrys 18\\n161 Beverley, Manor 17\\n19 Beverley, Wm 10\\n20 Big Sandy River. 11, 77, 116, 117, 121\\n20 Black, Jos 21, 22, 92, 94\\n9 Blackburn, Arthur 21\\n14 Blackburn, Geo 21, 51, 92\\n36 Blackburn, Wm 21\\n133 Blackmore s Fort 125\\n15 Blacksburg 15, 116\\n92 Black s Fort 51, 91, 109\\n100 Bland, Richd 25\\n135 Blanton, Wm 20\\n139 Blue Ridge 51\\n51, Borden 17\\nBotetourt Co., 12, 13, 14, 15, 118,\\n121, 122, 133.\\n20 Botetourt, Lord 22\\n20 Boyd, Jno 20\\n59 Bradley, Jas 109\\n29 Breckenridge, Alex 20\\n140 Briggs, Saml 19, 92, 94\\n20 Bristol 13, 18, 41\\n127 Brobston, Nicholas 20\\n21 Brock, Dr. R. A 24, 28, 117\\n21 Broddy, Jno 58\\n149 Broughham, Lord 138\\n97 Brown, Col. J. Mason 119\\n138 Brown, Judge Jas. E 65\\n119 Brown, Rev. Jno 119\\n19 Buchanan, Alex 92\\n140 Buchanan, Benj 43, 75, 86\\n(163)", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "16A\\nIndex,\\nPage.\\nBuchanan, Geo 20\\nBuchanan, Jno., 9, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19,\\n41, 50, 115, 117, 152, 153.\\nBuchanan, Moses 20\\nBuchanan, Robt 20\\nBuchanan, Robt, Jr 20\\nBuchanan, Saml 19\\nBuena Vista 45, 46\\nBull Run 149\\nBunker s Hill 23\\nBurk s Garden 15, 16, 157\\nByars, Jas 16\\nByars, Miss Mary 96\\nByrd, Col. Wm 22\\nCabell, Col. Jos 122\\nCalhoun, Jno 140\\nCall 22\\nCambridge 147\\nCampbell, Ann 41\\nCampbell, Arthur, 23, 25, 37, 38, 41,\\n53, 57, 91, 129.\\nCampbell, Chas., 9, 13, 14, 15, 37,\\n38, 41, 42, 50, 53, 57, 58, 151, 152,\\n153, 154.\\nCampbell David.... 19, 37, 101, 107\\nCampbell, Eliza 41\\nCampbell, Jane 41\\nCampbell, Jno. 19, 21, 37, 38, 91, 92\\nCampbell, Margaret 37, 41\\nCampbell, Robt 99\\nCampbell, Sarah B 53, 54, 134\\nCampbell, Wm., 13, 23, 25, 37, 38,\\n41, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 91, 93, 128,\\n129, 130, 134, 136, 152.\\nCarrington, Miss V. P 135\\nCarson, Chas. S 61\\nCarson, David 20\\nCatawba 14, 15\\nCave Gap 158\\nCawood, Stephen 21\\nCay wood, Ben 86, 87, 88\\nCay wood, Mrs 82, 86, 87\\nCay wood s Gap 43, 86\\nCay wood, Stephen 22\\nPage.\\nCay wood, Thos 86, 87\\nCedar Branch 43\\nChapman, N. W 142\\nCharleston 148\\nCharlton, Capt. Jno 120\\nCharlton, Washington 120\\nChatham, Lord 29\\nCherokee Line 125\\nCherokees 17, 126, 129, 155\\nChestnut Ridge 15\\nChew Colby 156\\nChicamaugas 123\\nChilhowie 15, 64, 96\\nChilhowie Springs 144\\nChiswell, Col. Jno 22\\nChristian, Wm 21, 23, 120, 124\\nClaiborne, Thos 62\\nClarke, Geo 20, 21\\nClay, Henry 140, 147\\nClinch Mts.,44, 46, 80, 81, 82, 155,\\n157.\\nClinch River 125, 126, 155, 157\\nClinch Valley 157\\nCloyd, Geo 118\\nCloyd, Joseph 118, 130\\nCoalter, Judge Jno 140\\nCoalter, Maria E 140\\nCogswell, Mr 139\\nColonies 23\\nColumbia 135, 136, 147\\nColvill, Andrew 21\\nCooper, J. F 139\\nCornstalk 77\\nCove of Cork 137\\nCrabtree, Jas 42, 56\\nCrabtrees 18\\nCraig 21\\nCraig, David 19\\nCraig, Jas 20, 21, 115, 122\\nCraig Robert 21, 51, 93, 99, 100\\nCresswell 109\\nCreswell, Henry 20\\nCrockett, Capt. Walter 25\\nCrockett, Col 129\\nCulloden 12, 152", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "Index,\\n165\\nPage.\\nCulpeper Co 54\\nCumberland, Duke of 12, 152\\nCumberland Gap.... 11, 12, 151, 158\\nCumberland Mts., 11, 152, 155, 157,\\n158.\\nCumberland River 155, 157\\nCummings, David C 112\\nCummings, Rev. Chas., 19, 23, 25,\\n53, 109.\\nCusick, Jno 22\\nCyrus 54\\nDavidson, Wm 19\\nDavis Bottom 17\\nDavis, Eliza 159\\nDavis, James 119\\nDavis, Jno 21\\nDavis, Miss L. P 141\\nDavis, Nathan 21\\nDeckard, Michael 101\\nDelawares 77, 117\\nDeniston, Robt 21\\nDennis, Mrs. Hannah 120\\nDentons 18\\nDinwiddle, Gov., 38, 41, 77, 116, 121,\\n124.\\nDoach, Robt 93\\nDorchester, Jas 19\\nDouglass Jonathan 22\\nDover, Jno 21\\nDraper, Lyman C, 12, 23, 117, 153,\\n158.\\nDraper, Mrs 120\\nDraper s Meadows 121\\nDrydon, David 21\\nDungan, Jesse 55\\nDungans 18\\nDunmore, Gov 26, 52, 124, 126\\nDysart, Jas 20, 21, 92\\nEbbing and Sinking Spg 19, 22\\nEdmiston, Jno 20\\nEdmiston, Margaret 20\\nEdmiston, Robt 21\\nEdmiston, Saml 21\\nPage.\\nEdmiston, Thos 21\\nEdmiston, Wm... 20, 21, 51, 93, 99\\nEdmonsons 18\\nEdmonson, Wm 23\\nElk River 124\\nEmory and Henry Coll 49\\nEppler, Jno 100\\nErskine, Lord 138\\nEssex Co 10\\nEstell, Benj 88, 89, 101\\nEvans Saml 21\\nEvans, Thos 20\\nEverett, Mr 139\\nFeator, Geo 21\\nFilson Club 151\\nFin Castle 22\\nFincastle 15, 118, 159\\nFincastle Co. .19, 22, 23, 51, 121, 127\\nFincastle Co. Meeting 24\\nFincastle Resolutions 23, 28\\nFindlay, Alex 67\\nFindlay, Connally 159\\nFindlay, Meitchell Co 67\\nFindlay, Mr 99\\nFindlay, Rachael 61\\nFindlay, Thos 67\\nPin s 95\\nFishersville 19\\nFleming, Col 122\\nFlenor, Geo 21\\nFloyd, Benj. R 117\\nFloyd, Col 131\\nFloyd, Gov.... 14, 15, 122, 127, 152\\nFloyd, Mrs. Letitia, 14, 15, 77, 117,\\n122, 123, 151.\\nFoote, Rev. W. H 19\\nFort Chiswell 22, 23, 29, 53\\nFredericksburg 115\\nFrederick s River 11\\nFreeholders of Fincastle 24\\nFrench Claims 146\\nFulkerson, Jas 19\\nFunkhouser, Chris 20\\nFunkhouser, Jno 20", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "166\\nIndex,\\nPage.\\nFunkhouser, Jno., Jr 20\\nFergerson Col 129\\nGamble, Jos 20\\nGamble, Robt 19\\nGarvill, Jas 21\\nGattgood, David 20\\nGeorge II 9. 38\\nGeorge III 26\\nGibboney, Robt 70\\nGilmore, Jas 21\\nGist, Col. Nathan 123\\nGooch, Wm 9\\nGoodpasture, A 100\\nGovan, Mr 139\\nGrahams 18\\nGranger Co 12\\nGrant, Mrs 139\\nGreat Kanawha 124\\nGreavers, Col 64\\nGreenfield 118, 122, 130, 133\\nGreen, Genl is 129\\nGroce, Jno 20\\nGuyandotte 128\\nHaggarty, Mr 138\\nHall, J. P 155, 157, 158\\nHalyacre, Michael 21\\nHamilton, Jacob 121\\nHampden-Sidney College 147\\nHampton, Caroline 147\\nHampton, Frank 49\\nHampton, Wade 49, 147\\nHanover C. H 117\\nHanover Presbytery 19\\nHarper, Judge Wm 140\\nHarrald, Jas 19\\nHarrison, Benj 25\\nHawkins Co 12\\nHenderson, L. L 62\\nHendry, Saml 21\\nHenegar, Mrs 71\\nKenegars 18\\nHenrico Co 10\\nHenritze, Peter 103\\nPage.\\nHenry, Eliz 134, 136\\nHenry, Jno 125\\nHenry, Patrick, 25, 28, 52, 92, 117,\\n122, 134, 136, 138, 144.\\nHiggons Richd 21\\nHist. Soc. of Va 24\\nHockhocking 126\\nHolstein 15\\nHolston 157\\nHolston River, 17, 19, 42, 123, 126,\\n151, 153, 154.\\nHolston Salt Wks 58, 70\\nHolston Settlement 23, 24\\nHolston Valley 17\\nHowe s Hist. Va 38, 39, 91\\nHughes, Jno 156\\nHumes, Jno. W 144, 145, 146\\nHunting Creek 11\\nHuston, Saml 20\\nIndian River 154\\nIngles\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Inglis\u00e2\u0080\u0094 English, 16, 20, 25,\\n116, 119, 157.\\nIrby, Francis 54\\nIreland 17\\nIrving, Washington 138\\nJackson, Andrew 37\\nJail 100\\nJames, Judge 143\\nJames River 14, 52\\nJames River Upper 14, 15\\nJamison, Edw 21\\nJefferson, Thos...l3, 108, 122, 134\\nJob 109\\nJohnson, Hugh 21\\nJohnston, C. C 88, 144, 145\\nJohnston, Col. J. S., 151, 154, 155,\\n158.\\nJohnston, Judge Peter 89\\nJones, Gabriel 122\\nJordan, Stephen 19\\nKelly, Jno 21\\nKeller, Jno 108", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "Index.\\n167\\nPage.\\nKennedy, Jno 20\\nKennedy, Wm 21\\nKentucky Co 22\\nKentucky River 11, 155, 157\\nKey wood Gap 43\\nKincaird, Jno 92\\nKincannon, Andrew 21\\nKincannon, Francis 20\\nKincannon, Jas 20\\nKing and Queen Co 10\\nKing Estate 61,65,66,67, 68\\nKing, Jas 13, 61, 64\\nKing, Mary 61\\nKing, Rachel M. E 62, 64\\nKing, Sarah 62\\nKing s Mt, 108, 129, 134, 136, 145,\\n148.\\nKing, Thos 62, 159\\nKing, Wm., 15, 46, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,\\n60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69,\\n95, 97, 100, 101, 159, 160, 161.\\nKing, Mrs. Wm 65\\nKing s Salines 63, 65, 69\\nKirkham, Robt 20\\nKnobs 11\\nLaggan 139\\nLamb, Robt 20\\nLaughlin, Alex 20\\nLawless, Henry 156\\nLead Mines 63\\nLee, Evan 55\\nLee Co 97, 154\\nLee, Richd H 25\\nLeeper, Andrew 20\\nLegare, Hugh S 139\\nLester, Jas 21, 22\\nLester, Jno 21, 22\\nLester, Wm 19, 22\\nLewesa River 11\\nLewis, Andrew 116, 122, 124, 126\\nLewis, Chas 124\\nLewis, Thos 76, 117, 122\\nLexington, Battle of 23\\nLincoln, A 140, 148\\nLindsey, Aaron 100\\nPage.\\nLittle Bushy Mts 44\\nLloyd, Dr. Thos 76, 77\\nLogan, Benj 21\\nLogtown 15, 115\\nLong Island 120\\nLong, Jno 20\\nLottery 100, 101\\nLouisa River 11\\nLouisville 127\\nLowry, Jno 21\\nLoyal Co 16, 18, 155, 157\\nLucas, Jno 123\\nLynch, Jacob 104, 106, 107\\nLyons 18\\nMcCall, Dr. Alex. .64, 65, 66, 67, 68\\nMcClellan, Jno 101\\nMcClure, Halbert 21\\nMcCormick, Danl 20\\nMcCutchen, Jno 20\\nMcDowell, Gov 33\\nMcFarren, And 21\\nMcGaughey 21\\nMcGavock, Jos 22. 25\\nMcMillin, Wm 20\\nMcNabb, Jno 20\\nMcNabb, Wm 21\\nMcNutt, Alex 20\\nMadame Russell House 44\\nMaddison, Wm. S 118\\nMadison, Jas 48, 134, 135\\nMadison, Jno 122\\nMadison, Mrs. Jas 135, 137\\nMadison, Thos 25, 53, 54, 55\\nMagdalen, Schooner 52\\nManassas 149\\nManor of Beverly 9\\nMarion 37, 38\\nMarlor, Wm 20\\nMarshall, Jno 134\\nMartin, Andrew 19\\nMartin, Jos 92\\nMaury, Jas 138\\nMax Meadows 14\\nMayo, Miss Maria 137", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "168\\nIndex.\\nPage.\\nMeans, David 140\\nMecklenburg 23\\nMeek s Store 144\\nMeitchell, Jno. D 67\\nMexican War 148\\nMiddle Fork 18, 19, 63\\nMiller, And 20\\nMiller s River 11\\nMiller, Wm 20\\nMississippi River 22\\nMitchell, Mrs. Eliza 99\\nMoccasin Gap 157\\nMonroe, Jas 134\\nMontgomery Co 22, 76, 133\\nMontgomery, Jas 20, 92\\nMontgomery, Jno 25\\nMontgomery, Thos 19\\nMoore, Richd 19\\nMusgrove, Jno 55, 56\\nNewcastle 159\\nNewell, Saml 19\\nNew River 124, 128\\nNew River Lead Mines 23\\nNorfolk 134\\nNorth Fork 18, 41\\nNorth Roanoke 15\\nOcanothoto 77\\nOhio 17, 18\\nOhio Indians 124\\nOhio River 22\\nOrange Co 10, 15\\nOrange C. H 50\\nOury, Augustine 104\\nPage, Wm 19\\nPalmer, Geo. W 48\\nPalmetto Regiment 148\\nPatterson, Jno 21\\nPatton, Ann 15\\nPatton, Grant 37, 41\\nPatton, Jas., 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,\\n16, 18, 38, 50, 113, 114, 115, 151,\\n153, 155, 157, 158.\\nPage.\\nPatton, Margaret 14\\nPattonsburg 14, 15\\nPendleton, Edm 25\\nPennsylvania 17, 18\\nPetigru 142\\nPharis, Edw 21\\nPhiladelphia 23, 34, 159\\nPiper, Jas 19, 21, 109\\nPittsburg 15\u00e2\u0080\u009e 115\\nPlum Alley 95\\nPoint Pleasant 124, 127\\nPostan, Richd 41\\nPowell 17\\nPowell, Ambrose 156\\nPowell s River 154\\nPowell s Valley 157\\nPowers, Hiram 141, 148\\nPowers, Preston 142\\nPrather, Miss 86\\nPreston, Alfred 118\\nPreston, C. H. C 38, 66\\nPreston, Eliza 113, 118\\nPreston Estate 58, 65, 66, 67, 68\\nPreston, Francis, 13, 48, 53, 54, 55,\\n56, 59, 60, 66, 71, 75, 80, 81, 87,\\n88, 132, 135, 151.\\nPreston, James. 15, 133, 151, 152, 154\\nPreston, Jno.. 104, 105, 113, 130, 132\\nPreston, Jno. S.66,141,142, 147. 149\\nPreston, Jno. S., Co 66\\nPreston, Mrs. Francis 71\\nPreston, Mrs. Jas 96\\nPreston, Mrs. Wm 118\\nPreston, Robt 99, 123\\nPreston Salines 56, 58\\nPreston, Sarah B., 13,15,50,135, 147\\nPreston, Thos. L., 67, 68, 69, 70, 74,\\n82, 84, 85, 158.\\nPreston, Wm., 13, 14, 15, 23, 25, 33,\\n34, 48, 76, 77, 83, 113, 114, 115,\\n116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122,\\n123, 124, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133,\\n136, 151.\\nPreston, Wm. C, 65, 81, 82, 135.\\n139, 140, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147,\\n148.", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "Index.\\n169\\nPage.\\nPrice, Michael 130\\nPruitt, Martin 20\\nPruitt, Wm 20\\nPulaski Co 12\\nRafferty, Thos 20\\nRamsey, Tlios 19\\nRandolph, Jno 10\\nRandolph, Peyton 25\\nRandolph, Ricnd 10\\nRedemptioners 75\\nRed Rocks 45\\nReed Creek 119\\nReedy Creek 17, 125, 154\\nRichmond 59\\nRich Valley 15, 41\\nRoanoke Co 12\\nRoanoke River 119\\nRobertson, Jos 138\\nRobertson, Wyndham... 49, 61, 68\\nRobinson, Jno 10, 20\\nRockbridge Co 12\\nRockingham Co 117, 122\\nRoyal Oak 37, 38\\nRussell, Andrew... 99, 100, 101, 104\\nRussell Co 89, 97, 105\\nRussell, Lord Jno 138\\nRussell, Madame 49\\nRussell, Madame, House... 49, 69\\nRussell, Robt L 54\\nRussell, Wm 25, 53, 54, 55\\nSt. Clair 14, 18\\nSt. Clair s Choice 14\\nSalt Lick 14, 38, 42, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55\\nSaltville 58, 59, 61, 135\\nSalt Works 18, 61, 135, 147, 160\\nSanders, Jas 63, 64\\nSanders, Jno 62\\nSanders, Misses 96\\nSapling Grove 13,18, 41\\nSaul, Miss Maria 96\\nSaul, Mr 96\\nSaul s Tavern 99\\nSchenck, David 130\\nScotch-Irish 17\\n22\\nrage.\\nScott Co 89, 97, 105, 157\\nScott, Mrs 137\\nScotts 18\\nScott, Sir Walter 138, 139\\nSeven Mile Ford 38\\nSevier, Col 129\\nSewanee 148\\nSharp, Jno 20\\nShaver, M 104, 105, 106\\nShawnees 77, 116, 117, 125\\nShelby, Evan 25, 91, 93, 130\\nShelby, Isaac 130\\nShelby, Jno 51, 129\\nShenendo River 10\\nSinkler 14\\nSinkler s Bottom 14, 18\\nSmith, Daniel 92, 93, 125\\nSmith, Francis, 61, 62, 81, 83, 117,\\n118, 16L\\nSmithfield 15, 116, 122, 123\\nSmith, Jonathan 101\\nSmith, Mrs. Francis 65\\nSmith, Sidney 138\\nSmithsonian Inst 85\\nSmith, Susanna 117\\nSmythe Co 12, 14, 38, 135\\nSmythe, Miss 96\\nSmythe, Pleasant 96\\nSnodgrass, David 20\\nSnodgrass, Jno 20\\nSnody, Jno 92\\nSolitude 123\\nSouthern Hist. Soc 24\\nSouth Fork 14, 18\\nSouthwest Mts 11\\nSpecimen Grant 38\\nSpencer, Ackerman, Co 69\\nSpring Hill 9\\nStalnaker, Saml 17, 154, 155\\nStaunton 10, 15, 51, 118, 132\\nStocks 101\\nStonewall Jackson Inst 99\\nStrother 115\\nStrouble s Creek 15\\nStuart, Palmer Parker 70", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "110\\nIndex.\\nPage\\nSugar Loaf 45, 69\\nSullivaa Co 12\\nTalbot, Chas., 71, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84,\\n85, 88.\\nTalbot, Miss 73, 74, 75\\nTalbots 18\\nTate, Thos 41\\nTaylor 17\\nTaylor, Jno 13, 41, 120\\nTazewell Co 89, 97, 105, 157\\nTennessee 12\\nThomases 18\\nThompson, Jas 21\\nThompson, Wm 15, 115\\nTicknor 139\\nTinkling Springs 19, 133\\nTomlinson, Wm 156\\nTopp, Robt 20\\nTrigg, L. H 110\\nTrigg, Mary 160\\nTrigg, Stephen 25\\nTrigg, Wm 61, 62, 64, 101\\nTrimble, Jas 20\\nTrimble, Robt 21\\nTrooper s Alley 95\\nTucker, St. Geo 140\\nUniversity of South 148\\nUniversity of Va 147\\nValley of Holston 18\\nValley of Va 17, 18\\nVance, Jas 21\\nVance, Jos 19\\nWaddell, J. A 12, 117, 152, 158\\nPage.\\nWalker, Dr. Thos., 9, 10, 11, 16, 17,\\n18, 81, 92, 94, 151, 153, 154, 155,\\n156, 157, 158.\\nWalker s Creek 154\\nWalker s Mt 11, 15, 18, 81, 154\\nWashington and Lee Univ 136\\nWashington College 136\\nWashington Co., 12, 19, 22, 37, 51,\\n60, 89, 91, 92, 94, 99, 105, 129,\\n133.\\nWashington, Geo., 23, 25, 33, 34, 35,\\n93, 121, 127, 134, 135, 136.\\nWaynesborough 9, 11\\nWebb, Augustus 19\\nWebster, Danl 140, 141, 147\\nWest Augusta 23, 24\\nWhite, Jas., 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 98,\\n100, 101.\\nWhite Rocks 44, 47, 82\\nWhite, Saml 21\\nWhitesburg 11\\nWhitsell s Mill 130\\nWilliam Mary Coll 48, 133\\nWilliamsburg 10, 41, 52\\nWilloughby, Andrew 93\\nWilson, David 19\\nWilson, Eliza 63\\nWilson, Jno 121\\nWilson, Saml 19\\nWolf Hills 11\\nWood, Jas 9, 153\\nWyatt 99\\nWythe Co 12, 14, 22, 63, 154\\nWythe, Geo 133\\nYoung, Jas 19\\nYoung, Wm 19\\ny?\\n0966", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3307", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF\\nCONGRESS\\n009 941 637 3", "height": "3473", "width": "1980", "jp2-path": "historicalsketch00press_0182.jp2"}}