{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3349", "width": "2212", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS", "height": "3540", "width": "2349", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3540", "width": "2349", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "AN\\nELEMENTARY HISTORY\\nOF THE\\nUNITED STATES\\nBY\\nALLEN C. THOMAS, A.M.\\nPROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN HAVERFORD COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA\\nAUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC.\\nBOSTON, U.S.A.\\nD. C. HEATH CO., PUBLISHERS\\n1900", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "32665\\nLibrary of CojK ess\\nT\\\\wu Copies HEcfi^ eo\\nAUG 9 1900\\nSECOND COPY.\\nDelivered to\\nORDER DIVISION,\\nI SEP 11 1900\\n69703\\nCopyright, 1900\\nBy D. C. Heath Co.\\nTViT", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nIt is the aim of this work to set forth the main facts of\\nAmerican History, particularly the earlier periods, in such\\na way as to attract and interest pupils of the earlier gram-\\nmar grades.\\nIt is now very generally acknowledged that history is\\nbest approached through biography. Personal incident\\nis more attractive to every one, and especially to children,\\nthan any narrative of events can possibly be. Most of the\\nbook, therefore, has been given to biographical sketches of\\nrepresentative makers of the nation.\\nEffort has been made to choose those men who would\\nbest illustrate the most important phases of national growth.\\nSome of these phases are the difficulties and dangers of\\nexploration, and how they were overcome by earnestness\\nand perseverance the risks and hardships of settlement,\\nand how they were met and conquered the independence\\nand patriotism of the colonists, and how they triumphed\\nthe effect of environment upon character the develop-\\nment of the people in politics and government and in\\nsocial life; and the progress of invention and its effect\\nupon national development.\\nIt has not been thought advisable to break the conti-\\nnuity of the narrative by dividing the text into sections, or\\nto insert many dates or foot-notes, or to add analyses and\\nappendices. At the end of each chapter an OutHne is\\ngiven to summarize what has been said, and a few ques-", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "iv Preface.\\ntions added in the line of suggestion. Each teacher will\\nuse questions adapted to the age of the pupils and the\\ncircumstances of the occasion.\\nThe main idea in illustrating the book has been to give\\nthe most authentic representations possible of the man,\\nthe place, or the thing described, so as to round out and\\ncomplete the mental impression gained from the text. A\\nfew illustrations which may be called imaginative have\\nbeen admitted these are chiefly after paintings, based\\nupon authentic knowledge and information, or which are\\namong our national heirlooms.\\nThe maps have been made as simple as possible, and\\nsometimes purely diagrammatic in character and, for the\\nsake of clearness, only such details given in them as are\\ncalled for by the story.\\nHaverford, Pa.,\\nJuly, 1900.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER\\nI.\\nII.\\nIII.\\nIV.\\nV.\\nVI.\\nVII.\\nVIII.\\nIX.\\nX.\\nXI.\\nXII.\\nXIII.\\nXIV.\\nXV.\\nXVI.\\nXVII.\\nXVIII.\\nXIX.\\nXX.\\nOld-Time Ideas\\nColumbus\\nThe Cabots\\nDe Soto and Other Explorers\\nDrake and Raleigh\\nVniGiNiA AND Captain John Smith\\nHenry Hudson\\nThe Pilgrims\\nThe Puritans\\nLord Baltimore and Maryland\\nKing Philip s War\\nPeter Stuyvesant and New Netherland\\nFather Marquette and La Salle\\nNathaniel Bacon\\nWilliam Penn\\nOglethorpe and Georgia\\nLife in New England and Middle Colonies\\nbefore the revolution\\nBenjamin Franklin\\nGeorge Washington. The French and Indian\\nWar\\nThe Revolution\\nPAGE\\nI\\n7\\n26\\n40\\n50\\n62\\n67\\n85\\n92\\n95\\n102\\nIII\\n117\\n123\\n^33\\n139\\n150\\n168\\n187", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "VI\\nContents.\\nCHAPTER PAGE\\nXXI. Daniel Boone 219\\nXXII. ThoxMAS Jefferson 232\\nXXIII. Lewis and Clark 241\\nXXIV. Zebulon M. Pike 248\\nXXV. Early Inventors (Fitch, Fulton, Whitney) 253\\nXXVI. Andrew Jackson. Tecumseh. TheWar of 1812 265\\nXXVII. Canals, Railroads, Telegraphs, and Other In-\\nventions 277\\nXXVIII. Oregon. Whitman s Ride 290\\nXXIX. Texas. Mexican War. California 299\\nXXX. Abraham Lincoln 306\\nXXXI. The Civil War 318\\nXXXII. The United States in Recent Years 329", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPAGE\\nGeorge Washington Fi-ontispiece\\nAfter the portrait by Gilbert Stuart\\nCARA^ AN CROSSING THE DeSERT 3\\nPrince Henry the Navigator 4\\nFrom a contemporary Ms. in the National Library at Paris.\\nChristopher Columbus 7\\nFrom the bust in the Capitol at Rome\\nColumbus explaining his Plan jo the Monks of Burgos 11\\nAfter the picture by F. M. Dumond.\\nColumbus asking the Aid of Queen Isabella -13\\nAfter the picture of the Bohemian artist, Vaczlav Brozik.\\nColumbus parting from Ferdinand and Isabella -15\\nCopied from De Bry s Voyages, a book of the sixteenth century.\\nColumbus on Board his Ship 17\\nCopied from De Bry s Voyages, a book of the sixteenth century.\\nLanding of Columbus. Early Morning, Oct. 12, 1492 20\\nAfter the picture by Dioscora Puebla, the Spanish artist.\\nA Caravel of Columbus 23\\nAfter the reconstructed model exhibited at the Columbian Exhibition.\\nSebastian Cabot 26\\nAfter the picture ascribed to Holbein.\\nThe Coast of Newfoundland in Winter 300 Years ago 28\\nAfter a drawing from nature by Lieut. A. Thompson in Bonnicastle s\\nNewfoundland.\\nAmericus Vespucius 29\\nAfter the picture attributed to Bronzino in the Massachusetts Historical\\nSociety s gallery.\\nFacsimile from the CosmographL E Introductio (1507) 30\\nVasco da Gama 32\\nPonce de Leon 32\\nAfter an engraving in Herrera Edition of 1728.\\nPonce de Leon and his Men in Florida ZZ\\nBy D. Munro. The scenery is from nature.\\nHernando de Soto 34\\nA Scene on De Soto s Route 35\\nFrom Charnay s Ancient Cities of the New World.\\nvii", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "viii Illustrations.\\nPAGE\\nDe Soto s Discovery of the Mississippi 36\\nAfter the picture by W. H. Powell in the Capitol at Washington.\\nSir Francis Drake 41\\nFrom an original oil painting at Buckland Abbey, England.\\nIn the Straits of Magellan 42\\nAfter the drawing by E. Whymper in Crawford s Across the Pampas.\\nSpanish Treasure Ship 44\\nAfter drawings in the English state papers sent home by an English spy.\\nSir Walter Raleigh 45\\nAfter the picture in the collection of the Duchess of Dorset.\\nJamestown 52\\nAfter the sketch made by Miss C. C. Hopley about 1857, showing the\\nruined church.\\nCaptain John Smith 53\\nFrom his Description of New England.\\nPalisaded Indian Village 55\\nAlgonkin Village of Pomeiock in 1585, after John Wyeth.\\nP(_)CAHONTAs 57\\nFrom the famous portrait in Booton Hall, Norfolk, England, painted\\nshortly before she died.\\nShores of the Sound, Roanoke Island 59\\nAfter a sketch from nature.\\nThe Half Moon at the Highlands 65\\nAfter the painting by T. Moran.\\nA House in Leyden 69\\nAs it was in 1620.\\nLeyden 70\\nFrom a bird s-eye view dated 1670.\\nModel of the Mayflower 72\\nIn the National Museum at Washington.\\nPlymouth Bay in Midwinter 280 Years acjo 73\\nAutographs of the Mayflower Pilgrims 74\\nPlymouth Rock 76\\nFrom a photograph.\\nPilgrim Fort and Meeting-house 77\\nPeregrine White s Inlaid Cabinet 78\\nIn Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth.\\nBrewster s Sea Chest and Standish s Iron Pot 78\\nIn possession of the Connecticut Historical Society at Hartford.\\nPlatter and Kettle of Myles Siandish 79\\nThe Sword of Myles Standish ,80\\nIn Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "Illustrations. ix\\nPAGE\\nGovernor Carver s Chair 8i\\nIn Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth.\\nThe Chair of John Eliot 8i\\nPilgrim Monument at Plymouth 82\\nFrom a photograph.\\nThe Myles Standish House at Duxbury 83\\nBuilt in 1666, by his oldest son.\\nJohn Winthrop 86\\nAfter the original in the Massachusetts Senate Chamber.\\nPine Tree Shilling 87\\nCradle and Chair of the Time of the Puritans 90\\nOld House in Salem, Mass 90\\nCecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore 93\\nAfter a portrait preserved in the British Public Record Office.\\nKing Philip 95\\nIndian Weapons 96\\nAfter Catlin.\\nThe Junkers Garrison House 97\\nAfter a painting by Susan Minot Lane.\\nJohn Eliot 99\\nFrom a portrait in possession of the family of the late William Whiting.\\nTitle-page of Eliot s Bible 100\\nReduced facsimile.\\nDutch Pleasure Wagon of the Olden Time 103\\nEarly Dutch Costumes 104\\nPeter Stuyvesant 105\\nAfter the portrait in possession of the New York Historical Society.\\nThe Stadthuys, New York, 1679 108\\nAfter Brevoort s drawing.\\nJames Marquetpe in\\nFrom the statue by G. Trentenove in the Capitol, Washington.\\nRobert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle 114\\nAfter Margry s portrait.\\nBacon and Berkelev .118\\nBacon s Quarter Branch 120\\nWilliam Penn 123\\nAt the age of 22. After the portrait ascribed to Sir Peter Lely.\\nFacsimile of Part of the Royal Deed given to Penn 124. 125\\nFacsimile of the Title-page of A Brief Account of the Prov-\\nince OF Pennsylvania 126\\nSeal and Signatures to The Frame of Government 127", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "Illustrations.\\nPAGE\\nThe Treaty Elm, Philadelphia 129\\nFrom an old print.\\nWampum Belt 130\\nThe First Town Hall and Court House, Philadelphia -131\\nFrom an old print.\\nJames Edward Oglethori e 133\\nAfter the painting by Ravenet.\\nA View of Savannah, Georcja 135\\nFrom a print published in London in 1741, and humbly inscribed to\\nGeneral Oglethorpe.\\nFemale Costumes of 1776 140\\nA Dame School 141\\nFacsimile from the New En(;lani) Primer 142\\nTinder Box, P\\\\int, and Steel 143\\nA New England Kitchen 144\\nA Spinning Wheel 145\\nCoNESTOGA Wagon 146\\nFacsimile of Flyin(; Machine Advertisement .148\\nFranklin s Birthplace 150\\nBenjamin Franklin 151\\nAfter the portrait by Duplessis, painted in 1783.\\nFranklin s Printing Press 157\\nIn the custody of the Smithsonian Institution.\\nFranklin s Old Book Shop in Philadelpiija 158\\nFranklin s Model of the Pennsylvania Fireplace .160\\nNow owned by the American Philosophical Society.\\nFranklin s Grave 165\\nBirthplace of Washington 168\\nA Southern Homestead 170\\nFrom a photograph.\\nMount Vernon 173\\nBritish Foot Guard. 1745 179\\nFrom Grant s British Battles.\\nFrench Soldier 179\\nAfter a sketch in the Massachusetts Archives.\\nBraddock s Field 181\\nGeneral James Wolfe 182\\nAfter the print in Entick s General History of the Late War.\\nQuebec in the Eighteenth Century 183\\nFrom an old print.\\nStamps used in 1765 r 188", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "Illustrations. xi\\nPAGE\\nA Colonial Newspaper 189\\nReduced facsimile.\\nThe Boston Tea Party 190\\nFrom an old print.\\nCharleston in 1780 191\\nAfter a drawing by Leitch.\\nSamuel Adams 193\\nAfter the portrait by Copley, in Boston Museum of Fine Arts.\\nJohn Hancock 194\\nAfter the portrait by Copley, in 1744, in Boston Museum of Fine Arts.\\nThe Minute Man 195\\nFrom the statue at Concord, Mass.\\nPaul Revere 196\\nAfter the picture by Gilbert Stuart.\\nThe Declar.\\\\tion of Independence 199\\nAfter the painting by Trumbull.\\nFacslmile of the First two PAR^vciRAPiis of the Declaration\\nof Independence 200\\nTable and Chair used at the Sioning of the Declaration of\\nIndependence 201\\nIn Independence Hall, Philadelphia.\\nValley Forge 202\\nAfter the painting by A. Gibert.\\nPaul Jones 206\\nAfter the etching of A. V aren.\\nJoin or Die 206\\nDevice printed in Franklin s Pcunsylvavia Gazette, 1754.\\nGeneral Nathaniel Greene 208\\nFrom the painting by C. Wollson Peale in 1783.\\nThe Surrender of Cornwallis, October 19, 1781 209\\nFrom the painting by Trumbull in the Capitol at \\\\Vashington.\\nThe State House, Annapolis 210\\nFrom Scharf s History of Maryland.\\nA Facsimile of Washington s Accounts kept dukinc; the\\nRevolution 212, 213\\nFrom Monuments of Washington s Patriotism.\\nWashington taking the Oath as President, April 30, 17S9 215\\nDaniel Boone 220\\nAfter the painting by C. Harding.\\nBoone s Fort 226\\nFrom Collins s Historical Collections of Kentucky.\\nA Pioneer Home in Kentucky 2^0", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "xii Illustrations.\\nPAGE\\nThomas Jefferson 233\\nAfter the painting by Gilbert Stuart.\\nPatrick Henry addressing the Virginia Assembly 234\\nAfter the painting by A. Chappel.\\nMonticello the North Front 239\\nMeriwether Lewis 241\\nAfter the drawing by St. Memin.\\nWilliam Clarke 242\\nFrom Lewis and Clarke s Travels.\\nZebulon M. Pike 248\\nAfter an engraving by Gimbrede in the Analectic Magazine.\\nPike s Peak from the Garden of the Gods 249\\nRobert Fulton 254\\nFrom D. C. Colden s Life of Fulton.\\nPerseverance 255\\nJohn Fitch s first steamboat in 1787.\\nThe Clermont 258\\nFrom Rergart s Life of Fulton.\\nJohn Ericsson in 1S61 260\\nFrom W. C. Church s Life of Ericsson.\\nEli Whitney 261\\nWhitney s Cotton Gin 263\\nAfter the original model.\\nAndrew Jackson in 1830 265\\nAfter the portrait by R. W. Earl.\\nGold Medal presented by Congress to Andrew Jackson 272\\nDe Witt Clinton 278\\nAfter the portrait by C. Ingham.\\nLocks on the Erie Canal 279\\nAs first constructed.\\nEntrance to the Erie Canal at Troy 280\\nFrom an old print.\\nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1830 282\\nFrom an old print.\\nFirst Train on the Camden and Amboy Railroad 283\\nLetter Carrier of the Olden Time 283\\nSamuel F. B. Morse 284\\nFrom the last approved photograph.\\nThe Great Eastern picking up the Cable of 1865 289\\nWhitman Station 297\\nScene of the massacre.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "Illustrations. xiii\\nPAGE\\nChicago in 1820 299\\nFrom an old print.\\nThe Overland Route 302\\nA Californian Wagon Train 302\\nFrom an old print.\\nView of San Francisco in 1847 303\\nAfter a lithograph.\\nAbraham Lincoln 307\\nFrom a photograph taken in i860.\\nHouse in which Lincoln was born 308\\nFrom a photograph of the reconstructed log-cabin.\\nLog-Cabin Furniture 309\\nA Mississippi Flatboat 311\\nA Worm Fence 312\\nThe Capitol at Richmond 320\\nFort Sumter before the Bombardment 321\\nMonitor and Merrimac 322\\nAn incident of the Civil War,\\nFarragut on the Main Shrouds 323\\nAfter the picture by W. Page.\\nUlysses S. Grant 324\\nFrom a photograph.\\nMcLean House, in which General Lee Surrendered 325\\nFrom a photograph.\\nThe Grant Monument, New York 326\\nFrom a photograph.\\nRobert E. Lee 327\\nFrom a photograph in 1862.\\nView on the Union Pacific Railroad 332\\nFrom a photograph.\\nWilliam McKinlky, President of thk United States, 1896 333\\nFrom a portrait by Rockwood, New York.\\nGeorge Dewey 335\\nFrom a photograph taken in 1899.\\nMorro Castle, opposite Havana, Cuba 336\\nFrom a photograph.\\nSenate and Legislative Buildings, Honolulu, Hawaii 337\\nFrom a photograph.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "LIST OF MAPS.\\nThe World, showing the Possessions of the United States\\nPage 2 of Cover\\nToscanelli s Map, 1474\\nTrade Routes to the East\\nThe World as known to Columbus\\nColumbus s Route to the Wes!\\nThe Globe of Ulpius, 1542\\nSpanish Explorations\\nCoast of Virginia in the Time of Ralekjh\\nVirginia in Early Days\\nHenry Hudson s Voyac;es\\nThe Land of the Pilgrims and Puritans\\nFrench Explorations\\nRoute of Braddock s Expedition\\nThe Colonies in 1776: Northern Section\\nThe Colonies in 1776: Southern Section\\nThe United States after the Revolution\\nBoone s Trail\\nLewis and Clarke s Route\\nPike s Route\\nWhitman s Ride\\nThe Territorial Growth of the United States\\nThe United States, 1900\\nPage 3 of\\n5\\n6\\n14\\n31\\n38\\n40\\n50\\n63\\n84\\n112\\n177\\n197\\n203\\n217\\n224\\n244\\n251\\n293\\n330\\nCover", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "TOSCANELLI S MAP, I474.\\nAn old-time idea of the sea route to the East.\\nAn Elementary History of the\\nUnited States.\\nOLD-TIME IDEAS.\\nThere were many wise men and famous scholars\\nin Europe four hundred and fifty years ago. But\\neven the wisest of them did not know that beyond\\nthe Atlantic Ocean the Sea of Darkness, as it was\\ncalled lay avast continent in which not one white\\nman lived.\\nMany strange stories were told of wonders far\\naway; tales of beautiful islands, and of enchanted\\nfountains that would bring back youth to the\\naged; of seas which were always covered with", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "2 History of the United States.\\nmists and darkness or in which horrible monsters\\nlived. No one had ever seen any of these things,\\nbut many believed that the stories were true.\\nQuite as wonderful were the books which had\\nbeen written and the tales which had been told by\\noverland travellers to the East. Men knew so little\\nabout distant lands and seas that they were ready\\nto believe almost any strange story. When Marco\\nPolo wrote in his book of travels that one of the\\npalaces in Cipango^ was roofed with fine gold,\\nand that all the pavements of the palace and the\\nfloors of its chambers were entirely of gold, in\\nplates like slabs of stone, a good two fingers thick,\\nand that the windows were also of gold, men\\nwere very ready to believe him.\\nBut when another traveller, Sir John Mandeville,\\nsaid that in his opinion the world was round and\\nnot flat, men laughed at the idea. Such a notion\\nmight do very well, they said, for some foolish\\ngeographer or map designer, but any practical man\\nmight know that the people on the other side of\\nthe world would surely fall off if it were round.\\nSir John Mandeville certainly told some incredible\\nstories, but this true thing which he did say was\\nthought to be the most incredible of all.\\nSpices and jewels, silks and rich goods, came in\\nthose days from India, but the journey then was\\nmuch longer and far more dangerous than it is now\\nCipango was the old name for Japan.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "Old-Time Ideas.\\n3\\nCaravans crossed the deserts to the Mediterranean\\nSea, bringing goods to be sent over the water in\\nships, or carried over the mountains to the countries\\nof Europe.\\nCaravan crossing the Desert.\\nTo go by land was a journey of several months,\\nand traders were likely to meet robbers and ene-\\nmies on the way. Of these robbers and enemies\\nnone were feared so much as the rough and lawless\\nTurks. So when the Turks captured the great", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "History of the United States,\\ncommercial city of Constantinople, in 1453, trade\\nwith India was brought almost to a standstill, and\\nthe European nations became very eager to find a\\nnew way to the East.\\nHow to get to India was a question discussed in\\nevery seaport of Europe. We, of course, should\\nthink at once of sailing\\nround Africa but at that\\ntime men thought that\\nAfrica stretched so far to\\nthe south that they could\\nnot pass it.\\nThere was one man,\\nPrince Henry of Portu-\\ngal, who thought differ-\\nentlv. He was a learned\\nman and a good sailor.\\nHe fitted out some ships,\\nand sent them south to\\ntry to find India in that\\nway. But his sailors\\nwere afraid to sail far\\nenough. Though they came very near what is now\\nthe Cape of Good Hope, they did not quite reach\\nit so Prince Henry never knew that his views\\nwere correct.\\nOne of the chief seaports in Europe was Genoa,\\nin Italy. Here came ships from all the countries\\non the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In its\\nPrince Henry the Navigator.\\nFrom a contemporary manuscript in the\\nNational Library at Paris. It represents\\nhim in mourning for his brother.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Old-Time Ideas.\\nstreets were seen men of every nation, and strange\\nlanguages were heard on every side.\\nPirates, or corsairs, might be seen talking with\\nmerchants and scholars for in those days it was not\\nthought wrong for private citizens to attack and to\\nseize the ships of another country, and corsairs\\nEXPLANATION:\\nTrade Route controlled by Venice\\nTrade Route controlled by Genoa\\nMiddle Route\\nDe Gama s Route\\nTrade Routes to the East,\\nwere not ashamed of their calling. Many of the\\npirates were very rich; all of them could relate\\nmarvellous adventures, and we may fancy how eager\\nthe Genoese boys were to hear these tales of hair-\\nbreadth escapes, of sea-fights, and of great prizes\\ncaptured.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "History of the United States.\\nOUTLINE.\\nFour hundred years ago no one knew of America.\\nMonsters were thought to hve in the far-off seas, and\\nenchanted islands were beyond the mists. Men laughed\\nat the idea that the world was round. Rich goods from\\nIndia were brought overland. The Turks interfered with\\nthis trade. How to get to India by sea was the great\\nquestion.\\nWhat did the men of old times think of the ocean and its\\nislands\\nTell what Marco Polo wrote in his book.\\nWhat were some of the stories that Sir John Mandeville told\\nWhat kind of goods came from India?\\nHow were they brought?\\nWhat is said of Prince Henry?\\nMAP OF THE WORLD AS KNOWN TO COLUMBUS\\nUNKNOWN I ~1 KNOWN", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "COLUMBUS.\\nFrom the bust in the Capitol at Rome.\\nAbout the mid-\\ndle of the fifteenth\\ncentury, a bright, in-\\ndustrious boy named\\nChristopher Colum-\\nbus was living in\\nGenoa. His father\\nwas a woolcomber,\\nand it is likely that\\nhe was poor.\\nColumbus went to\\nsea w^hen he was\\nabout fourteen years\\nold, for the sea tales\\nthat he heard, and\\nthe ships which he\\nsaw, made him want\\nto be a sailor.\\nA sailors life is a rough one at any time, but it\\nwas a very rough life four hundred years ago.\\nColumbus probably sailed with some of the pirates,\\nand we suspect that he went at least once to the\\ncoast of Guinea in Africa, to get negro slaves.\\nIt is not at all unlikely that he also sailed far\\n7", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "8 History of the United States.\\nnorth to Iceland. If he did, he heard the Norse\\nsailors tell of a far-off land which some of their\\nforefathers had visited many years before. This land\\nthey called Vinland, on account of the quantity of\\ngrapes found there. We do not know where this\\nland was, but it may have been our New England.\\nWhen Columbus was about twenty-six years old,\\nhe went to live at Lisbon, in Portugal, where his\\nyounger brother, Bartholomew, was engaged in the\\nbusiness of making and selling maps. When on\\nshore Columbus also drew maps, and in this work\\nhe was very skilful.\\nFor some years he had been studying books which\\ntold about the shape of the earth, and of the far-off\\nlands which Marco Polo, and Mandeville, and others\\nhad visited.\\nIn the library at Seville, in Spain, there is now a\\nbook, on the pages of which are notes, in the hand-\\nwriting of Columbus, which show how carefully he\\nhe read and studied.\\nWhen still quite young he had come to the con-\\nclusion that the earth is not flat, but shaped like an\\norange, so that to reach China and the island of\\nCipango it was only necessary to sail directly west\\nfrom Spain. He was not the first man who believed\\nthe earth to be round, for some of the old Greeks\\nand Romans as well as Sir John Mandeville had\\nthought so and, in one of the geographies which\\nColumbus had studied, the same view was taught.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "Columbus. 9\\nNow, there was living in Italy a great astronomer\\nnamed Toscanelli. He had been convinced by\\nwhat Marco Polo had written about the shape of\\nthe earth, and he had drawn a map to show the\\nearth as he imagined it. He had sent this map to\\nKing John of Portugal, at the same time urging\\nhim to send an expedition westward. Hearing that\\nColumbus wished to visit the land of spices, Tos-\\ncanelli wrote to him also. Columbus, thinking that\\nthis would be a good time to carry out his plan,\\nasked King John for ships to sail westward across\\nthe sea to seek for India and the east. He assured\\nthe king that great riches and glory would come\\nto Portugal if this should be done.\\nKing John hesitated, for Portugal was at war,\\nand the cost of such an undertaking would be great.\\nHowever, he called his council together, and asked\\ntheir advice. It is said that one of his council\\nadvised that Columbus should be asked for the\\nplans of his proposed voyage, and that then the\\nking should secretly send a ship to follow the course\\nthus marked out.\\nThe king seems to have followed this advice,\\nfor he sent out a vessel, giving orders to the captain\\nto sail along the route Columbus had laid down.\\nThe vessel had been at sea but a few days when\\na great storm arose, and the sailors were so fright-\\nened that they refused to go any further. The\\ncaptain ordered the ship to be turned back and", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "lo History of the United States.\\nthe seamen laughed at the idea that the East could\\nbe reached by saihng west.\\nWhen Columbus found out how baselv the kinof\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0J o\\nhad treated him, he was very angry, and left Por-\\ntugal. He turned his steps toward Spain but it\\nwas a poor time to seek help from Spain. The\\nplague, a terrible disease, had visited the country,\\nand thousands of persons had died from it. The\\ntimes were hard, and, above all, Ferdinand and Isa-\\nbella, the king and queen, for more than three\\nyears had been at war with the Moors, trying to\\ndrive them out of the country.\\nIt is no wonder that but little attention was paid\\nto Columbus. He was put off again and again, but\\nstill he followed the court as it was moved with the\\narmy from place to place. He persevered for two\\nyears then, weary of the long delay, he wrote to\\nthe king of Portugal, asking leave to return.\\nNow that Columbus was thinking of going away,\\nthe king and queen of Spain ordered a company\\nof learned men to be called together to hear what\\nhe had to say for himself. But this meeting was\\ndelayed, and Columbus was much cast down.\\nFor two years Columbus lived as the guest of a\\nkind-hearted nobleman then he told his benefac-\\ntor that, sick of waiting, he was going to P ance,\\nto seek aid from the French king. His friend did\\nnot wish Spain to lose the chance of gaining wealth\\nand glory, so he wrote to Queen Isabella in favor\\nof Columbus.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Columbus.\\n1 1\\nThe war against the Moors went on, and nearly\\ntwo years more passed by before Columbus could\\nget a hearing. At last his plans were laid before\\nsome learned men. Most of these men ridi-\\nculed his ideas. But one Diego, a friar and the\\nColumbus explaining his Plan to the Monks of Burgos.\\nAfter the picture by F. M. Dumond.\\ntutor of one of the royal princes, believed that\\nColumbus was right, and persuaded the king and\\nqueen not to refuse him, but to say that when the\\nwar with the Moors was over they would see what\\nthey could do for him.\\nThe patience of Columbus was by this time quite", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "12 History of the United States.\\nexhausted he had waited six long years, and yet\\nhe seemed no nearer success than when he had\\nfirst come to Spain. He now made plans to go to\\nFrance. He was very poor; he had to travel on\\nfoot, and to beg bread for himself and his little son\\nwho was with him.\\nJust before he reached the port of Palos, where\\nhe hoped to find a ship that would take him to\\nFrance, he called at a convent to ask for food. The\\nprior at the head of this convent was a learned man,\\nand much interested in geography. He was much\\nimpressed by Columbus and he invited him to stay\\nat the convent and rest.\\nNow it happened that this monk had been the\\nconfessor of Queen Isabella, and he determined to\\ntry to induce her to aid Columbus. But first he\\ninvited some of his friends to come and talk over\\nthese new plans with the Italian stranger. One of\\nthese men was a rich seaman and merchant, who\\nwas so greatly moved by what Columbus said that\\nhe offered to help fit out ships for such a voyage\\nas was proposed.\\nThis was the best news that Columbus had heard\\nfor many a day. The prior went to see the queen,\\nand succeeded in gaining her good-will she not\\nonly sent for Columbus, but also furnished him with\\nmoney, in order that he might return to the court.\\nColumbus reached the court in the midst of rejoic-\\nings at the great victory over the Moors, and no", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "Col\\numous.\\n13\\none cared to listen to the wild stories of a foreign\\nseaman. He began to think that he was to fail\\nagain but this time he was to have his chance,\\nfor, as soon as the festivities were over, he was\\nbrought into the presence of the queen.\\nColumbus asking the Aid of Queen Isabella.\\nAfter the picture of the Bohemian artist, Vaczlav Brozik.\\nColumbus was so sure of ihe riches he was to\\nfind that he asked great rewards. He said that he\\nmust be admiral and viceroy of the lands he should\\ndiscover, and also that he must have one tenth of all\\nthe gold and silver that should be found.\\nThis was a great deal to ask, and we need not\\nwonder that the queen hesitated but Columbus was\\nfirm, and said he would leave Spain rather than yieldc", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "H\\nHistory of the United States.\\nIn fact, he mounted a mule and started off once\\nmore for France. When his friends found that he\\nwas determined to go, they were very sorry. They\\ntold the queen that if he failed to find the Indies\\nthe loss would not be very great, while if he found\\nthem the gain would be vast.\\nSo earnestly did they plead, that the queen con-\\nsented. A\\nmessenger\\novertook Columbus as he\\nK Til rJf v^,\\nA M I-: K I C; A V AZORES.^ Lisbon^\\nPalosT*\\nATLANTIC OCEAN\\nFirst Voyage of COLUMBUS\\nColumbus s Route to the West.\\nwas riding sadly away. At last the time had come\\nfor which he had been waiting all these weary years.\\nIt was ten weeks before three small vessels could\\nbe made ready for the great experiment. It was\\nhard to find sailors who were willing to go on such\\na dangerous voyage, for all were afraid of the un-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "Columbus,\\nIS\\nknown seas. But on Friday, August 3, 1492, a little\\nbefore sunrise, the three small ships, or caravels,\\nas they were called, started from the port of Palos\\nin southern Spain.\\nThe names of the caravels were Santa Maria,\\nPinta, and Nina. Of these, the first was the larg-\\nCOLUMBUS PARTING FROM FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.\\nCopied from De Bry s Voyages, a book of the i6th century.\\nest it was about sixty-five or seventy feet long, and\\nwas the only one that had a full deck. The Santa\\nMaria was commanded by Columbus himself.\\nJust before sailing, Columbus and all his men\\nwent to a church and asked the blessing of God", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "1 6 History of the United States.\\non their voyage. The vessels sailed first to the\\nCanary Islands, where it was found necessary to\\nrefit the Pint a, as the vessel proved to be leaky.\\nIt was the 6th of September before the little\\nfleet started again. The course chosen was due\\nwest. Head winds at first kept the vessels back,\\nand the story goes that the sailors, like those of the\\nPortuguese ships sent out by King John, rebelled,\\nsaying that it was of no use to try to go any farther.\\nBut Columbus was a very different man from the\\nPortuguese captain he would not turn back. Soon\\na fair wind sprang up, and the ships went on.\\nIt was not long before the sailors saw objects\\nwhich caused them to think that land could not be\\nvery far off. They saw land birds and then great\\nquantities of seaweed, which usually is not found\\nexcept near some coast then a live crab was seen\\nthen a piece of wood which had been carved, show-\\ning man s work. But still the days went by and\\nthey saw no land.\\nAll this time the wind had been blowing steadily\\nfrom the east, and the sailors began to think that\\nthey never should have a chance to get back.\\nFortunately, just as they were about to rebel again,\\nthe wind suddenly shifted now their fears were\\ndispelled, for they saw that the wind did sometimes\\nchange.\\nOne day a sailor called out Land We may\\nbe sure that there was great excitement on the ves-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "Columbus.\\n17\\nsels when a gray shape was seen on the horizon\\nbut the next day it proved to have been a cloud,\\nColumbus on Board his Ship.\\nCopied from De Bry s Voyages, a book of the i6th century,\\nC", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "1 8 History of the United States.\\nand the disappointment was very great. Though\\nthey still saw many birds and quantities of seaweed,\\nand on one day some grass with roots, yet no land\\nwas seen. In spite of the murmurs of the sailors,\\nColumbus kept his vessels headed due west.\\nAs they anxiously watched the birds, it was\\nnoticed that their flight was toward the southwest,\\nand after much persuasion the captain of the Pmta\\nprevailed upon Columbus to change his course so\\nas to follow the birds. Had he not done this the\\nlittle fleet would have come to the coast of what\\nis now the United States, and North America might\\nhave become Spanish instead of English.\\nIt came to be the thirty-fourth day since the\\nsailors had seen land, and that is a long time to\\nsee nothing but sea and sky. Perhaps not one of\\nthem had ever had such a long voyage before, and\\nwe can well imagine that they were frightened.\\nBut Columbus encouraged them, telling them what\\nriches would be theirs when India was reached.\\nOn the evening of the very next day, Columbus\\nthought he saw a light moving in the distance.\\nThat nio^ht all was excitement on board the vessels.\\nEarly the next day, Friday, October 12, 1492,\\nabout two o clock in the morning, Rodrigo de\\nTriana, a sailor on the Pmta, shouted Land\\nThis time there was no mistake about it. It was\\nland indeed, and it seemed to be about six miles\\naway.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Columbus.\\n19\\nWhen daylight came, boats were made ready, and\\nColumbus, the captains of the Pinta and the Nina,\\nand some of the sailors, with the royal standard of\\nSpain flung to the breeze, started for the shore of\\nwhat now was seen to be a small island.\\nWhen Columbus landed, he took possession of\\nthe country in the name of Ferdinand and Isabella\\nof Spain, and all the little company fell on their\\nknees and gave thanks that they had been brought\\nsafely over the sea to this beautiful land.\\nAs they stood upon the shore, copper-colored\\nmen and women met them. These people thought\\nthat Columbus and his companions were gods, and\\nthat the ships with their great white sails were huge\\nbirds. As offerings to the strangers, the natives\\nbrought fruits, balls of a kind of cotton thread,\\nbright colored parrots, javelins, and, among other\\nthings, a few gold ornaments. Nothing, not even\\nthe curious fruits and dark-skinned men, charmed\\nthe Spaniards so much as the gold; for it was\\nchiefly in hope of finding gold that they had braved\\nthe ocean s perils and crossed the unknown seas.\\nThe natives gladly gave what they had brought,\\nin exchange for beads, red caps, little bells, and\\ncheap ornaments. They wore no clothes, but their\\nfaces and bodies were painted with black, blue, red,\\nor such colors as they were able to get.\\nThe men and women were excellent swimmers,\\nand while the ships remained near the island they", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "20\\nHistory of the United States.\\nwould swim out to the vessels, bringing in their\\nhands various articles, which they hoped to ex-\\nchange for beads or trinkets. The Spaniards could\\nnot understand the language of the natives, but\\nmanaged to get a good deal of information by\\nmeans of signs.\\nLanding of Columbus, early Morning, October 12, 1492.\\nAfter the picture by Dioscora Puebla, the Spanish artist.\\nColumbus called the island San Salvador. It\\nwas one of the islands now known as the Bahamas,\\nbut which one of the group nobody is quite certain.\\nMany believe it to be that one which is called\\nWatling s Island.\\nColumbus was so sure that he had reached India", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "Columbus. 21\\nthat he called the people Indians, and though it\\nwas soon known that he was wrong, they are still\\ncalled Indians, and the islands are known as the\\nWest Indies.\\nHe did not stay very long at San Salvador, for\\nthe natives had not much gold, and they told him\\nby signs that it came from a land still farther west.\\nMoreover, he had not seen any precious stones, nor\\nhad he reached the cities about which Marco Polo\\nhad written. So he continued his search.\\nFor three months he sailed among the islands,\\nseeing never a town, but still believing that he had\\ncome to India.\\nWhen he reached the coast of Cuba, he thought\\nfirst that it was the mainland, and then that it must\\nbe the island of Cipango. He was also greatly dis-\\nappointed in the quantity of gold that he found\\namong the natives.\\nHe was so much pleased with the island of Haiti,\\nhowever, that he determined to build a city there.\\nThrough the carelessness of the pilot, the Santa\\nMaria was wrecked, but out of its timbers a fort\\nwas built, to protect the little party of men that\\nwas to remain.\\nOn Friday, the 4th of January, 1493, the two\\nlittle vessels sailed for Spain. They met with terrible\\nstorms, and more than once Columbus and his\\nmen in the Nina despaired of seeing their homes\\nagain. The ships were separated, and Columbus,", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "22 History of the United States.\\nfearing that the knowledge of his discovery would\\nbe lost, wrote out an account of what he had seen,\\nwrapped in waxed cloth the sheets on which it was\\nwritten, and put the package into a barrel, which\\nwas thrown overboard. If the ships were lost, there\\nwould still be a chance for his discovery to become\\nknown.\\nAbout the middle of February, the Nina reached\\nthe Azores. These islands belonged to the Portu-\\nguese, and the officials took some of Columbus s\\nmen as prisoners, and threatened Columbus him-\\nself. At length the men were set at liberty, and\\nthe Nina was left to continue her voyage. After\\ntouching at Lisbon, the ship entered the harbor of\\nPalos on F riday, the 15th of March, 1493.\\nAs soon as it was known that Columbus had\\ncome back, the bells were rung, the shops were\\nshut up, and a great procession went to the church,\\nto give public thanks for the success of the admiral.\\nIn the midst of these rejoicings, the Pi^ita came\\ninto the harbor. The captain of this ship was\\ngreatly taken aback to find that Columbus was\\nahead of him; for he felt sure that the Nina had\\ngone down in some great storm, and he was about\\nto claim for himself the glory of having discovered\\nthe new lands.\\nWhen the ship arrived, the king and queen were\\nat Barcelona, far away on the other side of their\\nkingdom and they sent for Columbus to come to", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "Columbus.\\n23\\nthem. The long journey was Hke a triumphal\\nmarch the people everywhere turned out to see\\nthe hero pass, and to gaze at the Indians and the\\nstrange things which he had brought with him.\\nA Caravel of Columbus.\\nAfter the reconstructed model exhibited at the Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893.\\nHe had a truly royal welcome from the king and\\nqueen. They raised him up when he would have\\nkneeled, and made him sit down and tell them\\nwhat he had seen and done. He showed them the\\nnatives and the curiosities and the gold.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "24 History of the United States.\\nThere was not much gold, but Columbus assured\\ntheir Majesties that, as the rich mines of Cathay and\\nCipango could not be far from the islands, wealth\\nin abundance was within reach.\\nColumbus soon made ready to go on another\\nvoyage, for he wished to see how the litde colony\\nhe had left was getting on, and he longed to sail\\nstill farther, until he should come to Cathay and\\nCipango.\\nColumbus made four voyages to the New World,\\nand passed through many hardships: he was ship-\\nwrecked; his men mutinied; he suffered much.\\nHe sailed about the Caribbean Sea and discovered\\nSouth America and Central America but he never\\nsaw the mainland of North America, or knew that\\nhe had discovered a new world.\\nThe Spanish colonists that came to the New World\\nwere a rough set they did not want to work, for\\nwhen they left Spain they thought that gold and\\nsilver could be had for the picking up.\\nColumbus was not a wise ruler, and his officers\\nwere jealous of him. Complaints of his severity\\nand bad rule were brought back to Spain, and\\nthe king and queen sent a man to see how true\\nthese reports were. This man ordered Columbus\\nto be seized, and sent back to Spain in chains.\\nThe chains were taken off as soon as he reached\\nSpain, and the man who had treated him so harshly\\nwas punished; but Columbus was not restored to", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Columbus. 25\\nhis old rank. He made his fourth voyage after this,\\nbut died a poor man, and neglected by those for\\nwhom he had done so much.\\nHe was buried in Spain, but about forty years\\nlater his body was carried to Haiti and interred in\\nthe cathedral there. When, about two hundred\\nyears later, that island was transferred to France, his\\nbones were taken up and carried in state to Havana\\nin Cuba. In 1898, when Spain was forced by the\\nUnited States to give up Cuba, the bones of the\\ngreat discoverer were carried back to Spain, and\\nplaced in the cathedral at Seville, January, 1899.^\\nOUTLINE.\\nIn 1492, after many difficulties, Columbus set sail from\\nPalos, Spain, to find a direct way across the Atlantic Ocean\\nto India. After a voyage of more than a month he reached,\\nnot India, but America. He never, knew he had found a\\nnew world. He died poor and neglected.\\nTell the story of Columbus as a boy and as a sailor.\\nTell what happened to him in Portugal in Spain.\\nHow many ships did he have, and from what port did he start?\\nTell the story of the voyage the landing.\\nWhat did the Spaniards wish to find more than anything else?\\nTell the story of the return voyage how Columbus was received\\nin Spain of his latter years and death.\\nIt is not at all unlikely that, through an error, the bones taken\\nto Cuba were those of Diego, the son of Columbus. So it may be that\\nthe ashes of the great explorer still rest in Haiti.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "THE CABOTS.\\nThe news of the discoveries by Columbus quickly\\nspread through Europe. John Cabot and his son\\nSebastian, natives of Ven-\\nice, Italy, were then living\\nin Bristol, England. They\\nwere great sailors so, as\\nsoon as they heard what\\nColumbus had done, they\\nalso were eager to go on\\na voyage of discovery, and\\nthey fitted out a vessel in\\nwhich to sail to the west.\\nIt was needful, in those\\ndays, to get leave of the\\nking to go on such a voy-\\nage, for, unless a ship was under the protection of\\na king, it might be treated as a pirate. Henry VII.,\\nking of England, gladly gave them leave to go, and\\nto have the use of any lands they might find, pro-\\nvided he should be the acknowledged owner of the\\nlands. The king might very well do this, for the\\nexpedition did not cost him a penny.\\nThe Cabots set out in 1497 from Bristol, and were\\ngone about three months. Like Columbus they did\\n26\\nSebastian Cabot.\\nAfter the picture ascribed to Holbein.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "The Cabots. 27\\nnot find India, but, unlike him, they did find the\\ncontinent of North America,\\nIt is thought that they reached the coast of Nova\\nScotia and the island of Cape Breton. They went\\non shore and took possession of the land in the\\nname of Henry VII. of England, and of Venice.\\nThey saw no inhabitants, but found some snares\\nset for catching game, and a needle for making\\nnets these they carried off.\\nTheir arrival in England caused great excite-\\nment. John Cabot dressed himself in silk, says\\na man who was in England at that time and the\\nEnglish ran after him like mad, and called him\\nthe great admiral.\\nJohn Cabot longed to make another voyage, and\\nthe king, though he was miserly and disliked\\nto spend any more money than was absolutely\\nnecessary, consented to help him.\\nThis time he had five vessels. He probably\\ntook with him his son Sebastian. So little did\\nmen know about the Atlantic Ocean that the\\nCabots sailed first almost to Iceland, and then\\ntoward Greenland. They went so far north that\\nthey met with many icebergs and much floating\\nice.\\nFeeling sure that India could not be in that\\ndirection, they turned south. When near New-\\nfoundland they saw bears come down to the\\nshore and catch fish with their paws. The sea", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "28 History of the United States.\\n^rV\\nThe Coast of Newfoundland in Winter 300 Years Ago,\\nAfter a drawing from nature by Lieut. A. Thompson, in Bonnicastle s Newfoundland.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "The Cabots.\\n29\\nwas so full of fish that the ships were hindered\\nin sailing at least, this is the story they\\ntold.\\nThe Cabots still kept on, ever sailing south, until,\\nit is supposed, they reached Chesapeake Bay, and\\npossibly the coast of what is now South Carolina.\\nOn this voyage they became satisfied that these\\nshores were not those of India or of Asia, but of\\na new-found land, lying\\nsomewhere between India\\nand Europe. But no gold\\nor silver, or jewels, or\\nsilks, did they find.\\nThe English were dis-\\nappointed, and, other mat-\\nters taking their attention,\\nit was nearly a hundred\\nyears before they thought\\nmuch of what John Cabot\\nand his son Sebastian had\\ndone. Then they claimed\\nthe lands which those\\nbrave sailors had discovered, because the Cabots\\nhad sailed under the English flag, and had taken\\npossession of the country, so many years before, in\\nthe name of an Ens^lish kinsf.\\nAn Italian sailor, Amerigo Vespucci, made several\\nvoyages to the New World. The account which he\\nwrote was the first printed account of the new lands\\nAmericus Vespucius.\\nAfter the picture attributed to Bronzino in\\nthe Massachusetts Historical Society s\\nGallery.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "30 History of the United States.\\nbeyond the sea. From him the New World has been\\ncalled America.^\\nNuncvcro he^ partes funtlatiusIuflTatsc/\\nalia quarta pars per Amcricu Vcfputiumc vt ialc^\\nquentibus audietur)inucnta eftrqua non. video cut\\nAmc^ quis iurc vetet ab Americo inucntote fagads inge\\nrico nfj viro Amcrigen quafi Ameridterram/iiue Amc\\nlicamdicendamtcum 8C Europa Afiaamulicii^\\nbus fuafortita fint nomma.Eius fitu 8C gentis mo*\\nf es eidbisl ims.Ameridnauigaaonibus quf (irqaS\\nturliquideintelligidatun\\nF AC-SI MILE\\nOf that part of the page in the Cosmographiae Introductio (1507), by Martin Waldsee-\\nmiiller, in which the name of America is proposed for the New World.\\nOUTLINE.\\nIn 1497 John Cabot and his son Sebastian set sail from\\nBristol, England, and discovered the continent of North\\nAmerica, and claimed it for England. They made a second\\nvoyage, and sailed along the coast for many hundred miles.\\nThe New World is called America from Amerigo Vespucci,\\nwhose story was the first printed account of it.\\nWho were the Cabots\\nFrom what country did they set sail?\\nTell what they discovered.\\nTell in whose name they took possession of the land.\\nTell the story of the Cabots second voyage.\\nHow did the New World come to be called America?\\n1 The Latin form of his name is Americus Vespucius.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "The Globe of Ulpius, 1542.\\nDE SOTO AND OTHER EXPLORERS.\\nIn 1497, the same year in which the Cabots\\nmade their first voyage, Vasco da Gama, who was\\nin the service of the king of Portugal, sailed along\\nthe coast of Africa until he came to the Cape of\\nGood Hope. He did not stop, as others had done,\\nbut went round it, crossed the Indian Ocean, and\\nreached a land which he found to be the true\\nIndia.\\n31", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "Vasco da Gama.\\n32 History of the United States.\\nThe king of Calicut and other princes gave him\\nrich gifts of gold, jewels,\\nspices, and silks. After\\nnearly two years absence\\nfrom Portugal, he re-\\nturned, bringing with him\\nthese rich goods. It was\\nPortugal, after all, and not\\nSpain, that had discovered\\nthe way to get to India\\nby sea.\\nThe Spaniards con-\\ntinued to send out expedi-\\ntions to the New World.\\nOne of the most famous of these was the enter-\\nprise of Ponce de Leon.\\nHe had sailed once\\nwith Columbus he had\\npassed through many\\nhardships in various coun-\\ntries\\nbe young and\\nagain. He believed in the\\nfabled fountains of youth,\\none of which was sup-\\nposed to be situated not\\nfar to the west of Cuba,\\nand he resolved to seek\\nAfter an engraving in Herrara. Edition\\nand he longed to\\nstrong\\nPonce de Leon.\\nIt\\nof 1728.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "De Soto and Other Explorers. 33\\nHe left Cuba in 1 5 1 3, and soon came to a land\\nwhich he named Florida. He found there beauti-\\nPoNCE DE Leon and his men in\\nFlorida.\\nBy D. Munro. The sceneiy is from nature\\nful trees and flowers, and rivers and streams,\\nl3ut no fountain of health, though he searched far\\nand wide. Before long he left Florida. After", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "34\\nHistory of the United States,\\nsome years he came back, intending to estabHsh\\na colony.\\nSoon after landing, his party was attacked by\\nIndians, and many of the Spaniards were killed,\\nDe Leon himself receiving a wound from an arrow,\\nfrom which he died within a few weeks.\\nAnother brave Spaniard was Hernando de Soto.\\nHe, like so many others of his nation, set out in\\nsearch of gold and adven-\\nture. He had been in\\nSouth America, but had\\ncome back to Spain. Hear-\\ning of the lands to the\\nnorth, which seemed to\\npromise so much, he sailed\\nagain for the New World,\\ntaking with him about six\\nhundred men. This was in\\n1538.\\nDe Soto went first to\\nFlorida, and, on landing,\\nbegan at once to seek for gold. Whenever the\\nSpaniards asked where gold could be found, the\\nIndians always pointed toward the west there,\\nthey said, was a land where it was summer most of\\nthe year, and there, too, were great quantities of\\ngold so plenty was it that men even wore golden\\nshoes.\\nSuch a land was just the place for which De Soto\\nHernando de Soto", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "De Soto and Other Explorers.\\n35\\nand his companions were searching, and, with hearts\\nfull of hope, they set out to find this land of sum-\\nmer and of gold.\\nThey wandered about in Florida for months now\\npushing through forests and swamps, now crossing\\nrivers, and now getting lost in wildernesses of vines\\nand tangled thickets. Still the Indians pointed\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^/f ^^1\\nA Scene on De Soto s Route.\\nFrom Charnay s Ancient Cities of the New World.\\nwest. Once De Soto s little army attacked an\\nIndian village, seized a hundred men and women,\\nand carried them off. The poor captives were\\nmade slaves iron collars were clasped around their\\nnecks, and all the work of grinding maize and carry-\\ning the baggage was forced upon them.\\nDe Soto and his companions were not discouraged\\nby their failure to find gold in Florida. On and on", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "36\\nHistory of the United States.\\nthey went into the wilderness. They were hungry\\nand thirsty many were taken sick and died some-\\ntimes bands of Indians made fierce attacks upon\\nthem but nothing coukl turn De Soto back.\\nFor three years they wandered on, until they came\\nto a large stream, which the Indians called The\\nDe Soto s Discovery of the Mississippi.\\nAfter the picture by W. H. Powell, in the Capitol at Washington.\\nGreat River, but which is now known as the\\nMississippi. The water was muddy in the stream\\nwere many trees and branches carried down by\\nthe force of the current. It took the Spaniards\\nthirty days to build two barges on which to cross\\nthe river. Still they went westward.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "De Soto and Other Explorers. 37\\nDe Soto sickened and died. His illness and\\ndeath were kept secret, through fear that the Indians,\\nhearing of his death, would attack the little army.\\nFinding that the Indians suspected what had hap-\\npened, and fearing that they would steal De Soto s\\nbody, the Spaniards wrapped it in blankets weighted\\nwith sand, and at midnight carried it in a canoe to\\nthe middle of the great river, and sunk it in the\\nstream.\\nDe Soto s followers had now utterly lost heart,\\nand longed to get back to their homes in Spain.\\nThey dared not attempt to return by the path along\\nwhich they had come, but tried to find the nearest\\nway to Mexico. After going some distance they\\nlost all hope of being able to reach that country\\noverland, and returned to the Mississippi.\\nThere they spent the winter. They determined\\nto build boats in which to float down the river to\\nits mouth, wherever that might be. There was only\\none ship-carpenter to direct the work. They cut\\ndown trees for the timbers they made nails out of\\nthe chains with which they had bound the poor\\nIndian slaves they made sails out of some rude\\ncloth which they obtained from the Indians, and,\\nafter weeks of hard work, they were ready to start\\non their almost desperate voyage.\\nMore than five years had gone by since they\\nhad left Spain and now about three hundred, all\\nthat remained of that brave band of six hundred", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "38\\nHistory of the United States.\\nSpanish adventurers, were embarking in these rude\\nboats and in a few small canoes. It was a sad,\\nweary, famishing company.\\nTheir troubles were not ended, for on their voyage\\nthey were attacked by hostile Indians, who sunk some\\nof their canoes, drownino: twelve of their number.\\nTHE TVZOS R\\nIN I T I]/d ^S\\ni N T 1 C\\nE A N\\nS iVV T H\\nA .^I K K I C A\\nMAP ILLUSTRATING SPANISH EXPLORATIONS.\\nIn fifty-two days they reached the Gulf of Mexico,\\nand learned that there was a Spanish settlement\\nnot far off. When they reached the place they went\\non shore, and, falling down, kissed the ground and\\ngave thanks to God for their deliverance.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "De Soto and Other Explorers. 39\\nOUTLINE.\\nVasco da Gama, in 1497, sailed round the Cape of Good\\nHope to India. Ponce de Leon sought the fountain of\\nyouth in Florida. De Soto searched for gold in Florida\\nand the western wilderness. He discovered the Mississippi\\nRiver, died, and was buried in its stream. His followers\\nsuffered great hardships.\\nTell who found out the way by sea to India.\\nTell the story of Ponce de Leon.\\nTell the story of De Soto.\\nDescribe his death and the hardships of his followers.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "DRAKE AND RALEIGH.\\nThe English did not begin to think much about\\nthe New World until some years after the great\\nElizabeth came to the throne.\\nEno-land had fought with Spain, and had been\\nvictorious on land and sea. She had grown to be\\nCOAST OF VIRGINIA IN THE TIME OF RALEIGH\\na great seafaring nation. Her captains had sailed\\nto the West Indies and to South America, and had\\ncaptured many Spanish treasure ships.\\nThe most daring of these captains was Erancis\\nDrake. On one of his expeditions he landed on\\nthe Isthmus of Panama, where from a tree-top he\\nsaw, for the first time, the Pacific. He was filled\\nwith longing to sail upon that ocean which no\\nEnglishman had yet visited. He returned to Eng-\\n40", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "Drake and Raleigh.\\n41\\nland, however, and it was not until four years later,\\nin 1577, that he set sail from Plymouth on his famous\\nvoyage. He started with\\nfive small vessels, well\\narmed and fitted out for a\\nlong voyage. His chief\\naim was plunder. He\\nsailed for the west coast\\nof South America, where\\nhe hoped to get booty\\nfrom the Spanish settle-\\nments, and to capture the\\nSpanish ships laden with\\ntreasure from Peru. Queen\\nElizabeth herself was a\\npartner in the venture.\\nHis own vessel, the Pelican, passed safely through\\nthe Strait of Magellan the other vessels either were\\nlost or deserted him, and he searched for them\\nin vain. He met severe storms, which drove him\\nfar out of his course. When fine weather came, he\\nsailed to the north, touching at various places to\\nget supplies and plunder.\\nAt Valparaiso, he and his men surprised and cap-\\ntured a Spanish ship, the Captain of the Soictk, and\\nsecured great booty. At another place they landed\\nand found a Spaniard sleeping with fourteen bars of\\nsilver near him they seized the silver and left the\\nman asleep.\\nSir Francis Drake.\\nFrom the original oil painting at Buckland\\nAbbey, England.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "42 History of the United States.\\nIn the Straits of Magellan.\\nAfter the drawing by E. Whymper in Crawford s Across the Pampas.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "Drake and Raleigh. 43\\nThus they went on, capturing vessels and secur-\\ning treasure. Hearing that a richly laden ship had\\nrecently sailed for Spain, they pursued and captured\\nit with little difficulty, as the captain had no idea\\nthat an English ship was in the Pacific. On board\\nthis vessel were many jewels and precious stones,\\nthirteen chests of silver coins, eighty pounds weight\\nof gold, and twenty-six tons of uncoined silver. It\\nwas one of the richest prizes that had ever fallen\\ninto the hands of a freebooter.\\nAfter this, Drake visited the coast of what is now\\nCalifornia and Oregon, calling it New Albion. He\\nthen crossed the Pacific, rounded the Cape of Good\\nHope, and, after three years absence, reached Eng-\\nland safely with all his plunder, being the first Eng-\\nlishman to sail around the world. Queen Elizabeth\\nreceived him with great favor, dined on board the\\nPelican, and made Drake a knight.\\nSir Walter Raleigh was at this time one of the\\nmost noted men in England, and a great favorite\\nwith tlTe queen. He was indeed a gallant gentle-\\nman, a brave soldier, and a daring sailor. The\\nstory goes that once, when he was a young man, he\\nhad spread his richly embroidered cloak over a\\nmuddy place in the road, so that Elizabeth might\\nnot wet her royal feet, and that this act of gallantry\\ngreatly pleased the queen.\\nIt was not hard for Raleigh to gain the queen s\\npermission to send out two ships, chiefly at his own", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "44\\nHistory of the United States.\\ncost. The vessels reached what Is now Roanoke\\nIsland, off the coast of North Carolina. This was\\nabout ninety years after the voyage of the Cabots.\\nThe explorers found a number of Indians who\\nwere very friendly. When some of the men landed,\\nSpanish Treasure Ship.\\nAfter drawings in the English State papers sent home by an English spy.\\nthe Indian chief sent them every day deer, fish,\\nmelons, and the corn of the country, w^hich the\\nEnglish said was very fair, white, and well tasted.\\nAs Raleigh had sent out the ships only to explore,\\nit was soon time to return. The explorers brought", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "Drake and Raleigh,\\n45\\nback with them, among other things, buffalo and\\ndeer skins, a bracelet of pearls as big as peas, and\\ntwo of the natives.\\nWhen Raleigh heard the report of this expedition,\\nhe named the land Virginia, in honor of EHzabeth,\\nwho liked to be\\nknown as the\\nVirgin Queen.\\nAfter this voyage\\nhe styled himself\\nWalter Raleigh,\\nsoldier, lord, and\\ngovernor of Vir-\\nginia.\\nRaleigh sent\\nout, the next\\nyear, 1585, about\\none hundred col-\\nonists to settle\\non Roanoke Isl-\\nand. These colo-\\nnists had a hard\\ntime. Like so\\nmany others of the early days, they had gone out to\\nthe new country in the expectation of having an\\neasier life than they had led at home; but they knew\\nneither how to work nor how to adapt themselves\\nto their surroundings.\\nWhen the great captain, Sir Francis Drake,\\nSir Walter Raleigh.\\nAfter the picture in the collection of the Duchess of\\nDorset.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "46 History of the United States.\\nstopped at the island on his way home from the\\nWest Indies, though it was only about a year since\\nRaleigh s colonists had left England, they were eager\\nto go back with him. Drake tried to persuade them\\nto remain, but a great storm arose, and leaving\\neverything they hurried on board Drake s ships,\\nwhich set sail for home.\\nOnly a few days after they had gone, a ship,\\nloaded with supplies which Raleigh had sent for\\nhis infant colony, arrived and found no one. Two\\nweeks later, three more ships came, but of course\\nno trace could be found of the colonists. Sir Rich-\\nard Grenville, the commander, wishing to hold the\\nplace for the English, left fifteen men, with provi-\\nsions enough to last them two years.\\nAbout a year later, a ship with more colonists\\ncame to look after the little band Grenville had\\nleft. When they landed they found no living per-\\nson, but only some human bones lying on the\\nground. The houses which the first party had\\nbuilt were still standing, but in the roofless huts,\\nmelons were growing and wild deer were feeding.\\nGrenville had treated the natives with much harsh-\\nness and there could be little doubt that the miss-\\ning colonists had been murdered by the Indians,\\nwhose first kindly welcome had been met so ungra-\\nciously.\\nSoon after the arrival of this new band, a little\\ngirl was born on Roanoke Island, the first child", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "Drake and Raleigh. 47\\nborn in America of English parents. Her name was\\nVirginia Dare. Shortly after, the ships returned to\\nEngland, leaving the little colony to itself.\\nEngland was at war with Spain, who was mak-\\ning every effort to crush her rival. Spain gathered\\ntogether a great fleet, which she was so sure could\\nnever be beaten that she called it the Invincible\\nArmada.\\nRaleigh, in common with all other Englishmen,\\nwas now thinking of the defence of his country, and\\ncould not send out any aid to the colony. But soon\\nthe Armada was scattered by a great storm, and the\\ngreat danger to England and English ships had\\npassed away. Vessels were again allowed by the\\ngovernment to sail, and an expedition set out for\\nRoanoke Island.\\nThree years had passed since anything had been\\nheard from the settlers. When the vessels reached\\nthe place, the sailors blew with a trumpet and sang\\nsome English songs, but they received no answer.\\nNot one of the colonists could be found. The\\nhouses had been taken down, and the whole place\\nwas desolate.\\nAt last, on the trunk of a tree, the bark of which\\nhad been stripped off, they saw carved, in clear, well-\\nformed letters, the word Croatoan that was the\\nonly trace that was found of the former colonists.\\nAll had disappeared, including the little Virginia\\nDare, and to this day no one knows certainly what", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "48 History of the United States.\\nbecame of them. It is most Hkely that for some\\nreason they moved to another island, called Croa-\\ntoan. Here they doubtless had been attacked by the\\nIndians, when some were killed and the others taken\\ninto captivity; for, many years after, stories were\\ntold of pale-faced persons living among the Indians.\\nIt was a hundred years after the discovery of the\\nNew World, and still England had no permanent\\ncolony in America. Raleigh had spent a large for-\\ntune in trying to settle colonies, only to be sadly\\ndisappointed. But he was a man who put before\\nhimself the motto, Do all things with thy might,\\nso he tried again.\\nThis time he sent out Bartholomew Gosnold to\\nseek for Nurembega, as New England was called.\\nGosnold sailed northward, and landed on one of the\\nislands near the mouth of Buzzards Bay. Here, in\\n1602, he built a fort, but it was soon abandoned.\\nThe name Elizabeth, which Gosnold gave to the\\nisland in honor of the queen, a name now borne by\\nthe whole group, is all that remains to tell of this\\neffort of Sir Walter Raleigh.\\nSir Walter Raleigh s plans failed, but he was\\nafter all the pioneer in English settlement. He is\\nremembered not only for his great perseverance,\\nbut also because to him, more than to any other\\nperson, Europe owes the early introduction of\\npotatoes and tobacco.\\n1 The island is now called Cuttyhunk.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "Drake and Raleigh. 40\\nRaleigh took the potatoes which one of his ves-\\nsels brought, and planted them in the fields of his\\nestate in Ireland. This was many years before the\\nefforts of a French king succeeded in making the\\nvegetable a popular one in Europe.\\nRaleigh, moreover, was the first to show Eng-\\nlishmen how the strange Indian plant tobacco was\\nused. It is said that his servant found him one day\\nsmoking in his room, and threw a bucket of water\\nover him, thinking him to be on fire.\\nOUTLINE.\\nEngland paid little attention to the New World for nearly\\na century. In 1577 Drake started on his voyage to seek\\nplunder in the Pacific. He passed through the Straits of\\nMagellan. He had great success. Was the first English-\\nman to sail round the world. Sir Walter Raleigh s* attempts\\nto colonize. Failed twice at Roanoke Island, at Elizabeth\\nIslands. Introduced potatoes and tobacco.\\nTell the story of Drake s voyage its chief object.\\nTell how far he sailed and how successful he was.\\nTell the story of Raleigh s expeditions.\\nFor whom did he name Virginia?\\nWhat plants did he introduce into Europe", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "VIRGINIA AND CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.\\nAnglo-Saxons are not easily discouraged, and the\\nfailures of some did not keep others from trying\\ntheir fortunes in the New World. There were\\nmany things to attract boundless forests of fine\\ntrees; beautiful rivers and streams; wild animals\\nwithout number, some of them good for food,\\nothers whose skins were valuable for their fur.\\nVIRGINIA IN EARLY DAYS\\nThere were fertile fields, many wild fruits, and rivers\\nand seas abounding with fish. Moreover, almost\\nevery one felt sure that somewhere in this wonder-\\nful country there must be an abundance of gold and\\nsilver.\\nThe hope of finding these precious metals was\\n50", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "Virginia and Captain John Smith. 51\\nenough to make many wiUing to cross the ocean.\\nCrossing the ocean in those days meant more\\nthan it does now, for the largest ships were small\\ncompared with those of our day. The cabins were\\nsmall, close, and unhealthy the rigging and sails\\nwere clumsy. There were no charts to guide the\\ncaptains, no lighthouses to warn of dangerous\\nshores, and no buoys to mark the rocks and shoals.\\nMen felt that they were taking their lives in their\\nhands when they started to cross the seas.\\nIn the year 1606, two English companies w^ere\\nformed, for the double purpose of trading with the\\nNew World and of planting colonies in it. One was\\ncalled the London Company, because most of those\\nwho belonged to it lived in or near London, and the\\nother was called the Plymouth Company, because\\nmany of its members lived in or near Plymouth.\\nEfforts at settlement were now begun in earnest,\\nand, in the same year, the London Company sent\\nout three vessels with men who expected to stay in\\nthe New World. Strange to say, they took no women\\nwith them, just as if men could be contented to live\\nany length of time without wives, or could have real\\nhomes without women.\\nIt was a strange company. Of the one hundred\\nand five men, only twelve called themselves labor-\\ners; about half said they were gentlemen, which\\nmeant that they neither knew how to work nor\\nwished to learn. There were four carpenters, only", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "52 History of the United States.\\none blacksmith, one bricklayer, one tailor, one mason,\\nand two doctors.\\nThe vessels left England in December, and it\\nwas May, 1607, before they reached Chesapeake\\nBay. The capes at its mouth they named Cape\\nCharles and Cape Henry, for two sons of the\\nking, and a point of land opposite the mouth of the\\nJamestown.\\nAfter the sketch made by Miss C. C. Hopley about 1857, showing the ruined church.\\nbay seemed so cheering after their long voyage that\\nthey called it Point Comfort. A beautiful river they\\ncalled the James, after the king, and on its banks\\nthey began to build a town which they named\\nJamestown.\\nAmong the colonists there was a young man\\nwho was called Captain John Smith. So many", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "Virginia and Captain John Smith. 53\\nstories have been told about him that one hardly\\nknows what to believe. What we really know about\\nhim shows that he was no common man, and, if\\nhalf that he says of himself is true, few men ever\\nhad more surprising adventures. Many of his\\nstories are quite as strange as those of Sir John\\nMandeville and Marco Polo.\\nCaptain Smith tells us that he ran away from\\nhome when he was a mere boy, that he became a\\nsoldier, and afterward a sailor. He was ship-\\nwrecked he was\\nrobbed at one\\ntime he was\\nthrown into the\\nsea, because\\nthose on board\\nthe ship thought\\nthat he had been\\nthe cause of a\\ngreat storm. He\\nsays that he\\nfought, single\\nhanded, three in-\\nfidels, and cut\\noff their heads.\\nAt another\\ntime, he was\\ntaken prisoner by the Turks, and sold as a slave.\\nHe was then sent as a gift to a young Turkish lady,\\nCaptain John Smith.\\nFrom the map in his Description of New England.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "54 History of the United States.\\nwho was attracted by his inteUigence, and much\\nmoved by his misfortunes. Dreading lest her mother\\nshould see that she was getting fond of her slave,\\nand fearful that he might be sold, she sent him to\\nher brother, who proved to be a very hard master.\\nHe treated Smith cruelly, put an iron collar round\\nhis neck, and set him to work beating out grain with\\na club instead of a flail.\\nOne day his master came along and struck him.\\nThis made Smith so angry that he raised the club\\nhe was using, and killed his master with it. Smith\\nknew that there was nothing to do but try to es-\\ncape, so he dressed himself in his master s clothes,\\nleaped on a horse, and rode off as fast as possible.\\nHe managed to rid himself of his iron collar and to\\nreach Russia; and, after many wonderful adventures,\\nhe came to England.\\nWhen Smith heard of the expedition about to\\nstart for Virginia, he thought that this was just\\nthe thing for him, so he joined the company that\\nwas soino: out. But his adventures were not ended,\\nfor on the voyage he was accused of mutiny, and\\nwas put in irons until the vessel reached America.\\nAs soon as the company landed. Smith claimed\\nthe right to be tried a trial was granted, and he\\nwas found innocent. No matter what happened\\nto him, Smith never seemed to be cast down his\\nenergy and self-reliance were equal to every occa-\\nsion.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "Virginia and Captain John Smith. 55\\nThough he was only twenty-eight years old, fond\\nof telling marvellous stories, and certainly a good\\ndeal of a boaster, he appears to have had more\\ncommon-sense than any one else in the company.\\nWhen the colonists arrived m America the\\nweather was pleasant, and they were in no hurry\\nto build houses, especially as that would be hard\\nwork, which they did not like. When the summer\\ncame, with its heat, so much greater than that of\\nEngland, many were taken sick and died; the\\nwhole settlement, in _ ._\\nfact, was like a hos-\\npital. When this\\ntrouble was over, a\\nnumber of men con-\\ncluded to go back to\\nEngland, but, by en-\\ncouraging some of\\nthem and threatening\\nothers, Smith man-\\naged to quiet their\\ndiscontent.\\nFood was scarce,\\nso Smith, with six or\\nseven others, set out\\nto try to get some\\ncorn from the Indians. At first the Indians, know-\\ning that the white men were hungry, offered only\\na handful or so of the grain in exchange for the\\nPalisaded Indian Village.\\nAlgonkin village of Pomeiock, on Albemarle\\nSound, in 1585. After John Wyth, copied in\\nMorgan.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "56 History of the United States.\\narticles which had been brought. Smith soon saw\\nthat there was httle prospect of doing anything in\\nthe way of trade, and told his men to fire their guns.\\nThe noise and smoke frightened the Indians so\\nthat they ran off as fast as they could.\\nAfter a while the Indians returned, and with\\nsome difficulty an arrangement was made with\\nthem by which, in exchange for beads, copper, and\\nhatchets, they brought the Englishmen venison, tur-\\nkeys, wild fowl, and other articles of food. It was\\nlong since the settlers had had such a feast.\\nMen still thought that America was a narrow\\ncountry from east to west, and that there must be\\nsomewhere a strait, or river, through which ships\\nmight sail to India. Captain John Smith hoped\\nto find such a passage, and several times made\\nexcursions around Chesapeake Bay in search of it.\\nAt one time, with a party he explored the Chicka-\\nhominy River. He had some surprising adventures,\\nand was captured by the Indians. He should have\\nbeen killed, he says, had he not thought of his\\npocket compass. The moving needle which the\\nIndians saw but could not touch, because of the\\nglass cover, astonished them so much that they\\nspared his life. But they did not let him go. He\\nwas led to a village where many Indians, who\\nwere gayly painted and strangely ornamented with\\nskins and feathers, danced around him, yelling and\\nscreeching.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Virginia and Captain John Smith. 57\\nHe was then taken to a long hut and closely\\nwatched. He was given plenty of food, but he was\\nafraid to eat much, for he thought that they were\\ntrying to make him fat before the time came to\\nkill and eat him. At last the principal chief de-\\ncided to put Smith to death.\\nAs Smith tells the story in one of his books,\\nhe was brought into a large hut, his head was\\nplaced on two great stones,\\nand the Indians had their\\nclubs raised to beat out his\\nbrains, when the daughter of\\nthe chief, a girl ten or twelve\\nyears old, rushed out of the\\ncrowd, took Smith s head in\\nher arms, laid her own upon\\nit, and thus saved his life.\\nThis is Smith s own story,\\nbut, as he said nothing about\\nthis incident until several\\nPocahontas.\\nyears afterward, many think Zi J::^:^ ^X^\\nin Booton\\npainted\\nshortly before she died.\\nthat it is one of the marvel-\\nlous tales that he was so fond of telling. There is\\nno doubt, however, that Powhatan and Pocahontas\\nwere real persons. Powhatan soon sent Smith back\\nto Jamestown. He found the colonists in a bad way,\\nand, had it not been for the corn which they got\\nfrom the Indians, much of which Smith says was\\nbrought by Pocahontas, many must have starved.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "58 History of the United States.\\nPocahontas was not only the means of supplying\\nthe Enghsh with food, but more than once, when the\\nIndians were about to make attacks, she gave warn-\\ning, and thus put the colonists on their guard.\\nPocahontas afterward married John Rolfe, one\\nof the Englishmen. She visited England with her\\nhusband, and, after being made much of, was about\\nto start on her return to America when she was\\nseized with smallpox and died. She left a little boy,\\nfrom whom several well-known Virginia families are\\nproud to trace their descent.\\nThe settlers were by this time almost completely\\ndiscouraged, but soon more men arrived. These,\\nhowever, were of the same sort as the first ship-load.\\nSmith was now chosen president of the colony.\\nHe made a rule that nobody should eat who did not\\nwork. The so-called gentlemen did not like this\\nrule at all, but they were forced by the others to obey,\\nand, as long as Smith was at the head, affairs were\\nin better condition. He was almost the only one\\nof the early explorers who wasted no time in search-\\ning for gold and silver, and who saw the necessity\\nof steady work.\\nIn the spring of 1609, five hundred emigrants\\nfrom England arrived, among them some women\\nand children. Smith s rule seemed harsh, and he\\nbecame unpopular. He claimed to have suffered\\nsome bodily injury; at any rate, he said he must\\nreturn to England to have his wound properly", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "Virginia and Captain John Smith.\\n59\\ndressed. It is more likely that he was dissatisfied\\nwith the condition of affairs in the colony, and took\\nadvantage of a good excuse to get away.\\nAfter he left, affairs went on from bad to worse.\\nThere was no one to take Smith s place in dealing\\nwith the Indians, and they became very hostile.\\nNo food could be had. Fishes abounded in the\\nShores of the Sound, Roanoke Island.\\nAfter a sketch from nature.\\nrivers and bay, but only one man seems to have\\nthought it worth while to catch any.\\nIn their desperation, the colonists ate all the\\nanimals they had brought with them, not only their\\ndogs but also their horses. Then they ate rats,\\nmice, and snakes. By June, 1610, there were only\\nsixty men left of the five hundred of the year before.", "height": "3509", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "6o History of the United States.\\nJust when there seemed to be no hope, two Httle\\nvessels made their appearance. They were vessels\\nwhich had been built at the Bermuda Islands by a\\ncrew shipwrecked on the way to Virginia. They\\nhad plenty of provisions, which they had collected\\non the islands, and so the lives of the colonists were\\nsaved.\\nThe settlers, however, thoroughly disheartened,\\ndetermined to leave Virginia, and try to reach New-\\nfoundland, or some place where they might find a\\nway to get back to England. All had embarked in\\nthe little vessels, and were actually sailing for the\\nmouth of the bay, when they met a ship bringing a\\nnew governor for Virginia, and more colonists. So\\nthey decided to turn back and begin life over again\\nin America.\\nThe London Company s Virginia business was\\npoorly managed in England. Many persons had\\ninvested money, and complained that it was bring-\\ning no return. As the lands and goods were held\\nin common by the colony, it soon came to pass that\\nthe lazy ones left all the work for the industrious to\\ndo, and many complaints came from the overworked\\ncolonists. The governor was harsh, and very likely\\nunjust. In the colony there were few women and\\nreal homes, without which a settlement cannot\\nbecome a permanent success, were unknown.\\nMany young women were persuaded to go out to\\nVirginia, the colonists paying their passage and", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Virginia and Captain John Smith. 6i\\nother expenses, and taking them for wives. As the\\nnumber of men was far greater than that of the\\nyoung women, the latter could do much as they\\npleased. For thirteen years, this way of supplying\\nwives was kept up.\\nWhen there were homes in Virginia there was\\nno more talk of returning to England and as the\\ncolonists, meantime, found a very profitable crop in\\ntobacco, they were more than willing to remain.\\nThen, too, children and young persons were grow-\\ning up who had never known England, and who\\nloved the free life of the new country.\\nOUTLINE.\\nThe hope of finding gold and silver made many cross\\nthe ocean. In 1606 two English companies were formed\\nfor trading and colonizing. The colonists were ill-fitted\\nfor their Hfe. They reached Virginia in 1607 and founded\\nJamestown. Captain John Smith, the clearest-headed man.\\nHis life. Story of the sufferings of the colonists, and what\\nhe did to help them. Powhatan and Pocahontas. Further\\nhistory of the colony.\\nTell what two companies were formed for colonizing America\\nthe kind of men who went out.\\nWhen did the ships reach Virginia, and what town did they\\nestablish\\nGive the story of Captain John Smith s life.\\nWhat did he do for the colony\\nTell the story of Pocahontas of the colonists after Smith left.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "HENRY HUDSON.\\nThe Dutch, at the beginning of the seventeenth\\ncentury, were great sailors and traders. No country\\nin the world owned more ships than did Holland.\\nThe Dutch had a large trade with the East Indies,\\nand lonofed for a shorter route to these reo-ions.\\nThey were of the opinion that such a route could\\nbe discovered, either by sailing to the north of\\nEurope, or else by finding a passage through the\\ncontinent of North America.\\nThey wanted a sea captain to take charge of an\\nexploring expedition, and they looked about for one\\nwho had sailed in the northern and western seas.\\nHearing of Henry Hudson, an English sailor who\\nhad made some daring voyages, they sent for him.\\nSatisfied that he was the kind of man they wanted,\\nthey gave him the command of a small ship called\\nthe Half Moon, in which to search for the desired\\nNorthwest Passage, or some other short route to\\nIndia.\\nHenry Hudson first sailed along the coast of\\nNorway, passing North Cape but he met with so\\nmuch ice that he had to turn back. This did not\\ndiscourage him. He had received from his friend,\\n62", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "H\\nenry\\nHudson.\\nCaptain John Smith, a letter which said that there\\nwas a strait north of Virginia which would lead to\\nthe south seas.\\nHudson turned his vessel westward across the\\nAtlantic, and, passing near Greenland, reached\\nthe shores of Newfoundland. He then sailed to\\nrhr..,-,prak,- Bav\\nMap to illustrate Henry Hudson s Voyages.\\nthe south as far as Chesapeake Bay, but he saw\\nno strait. Turning north, he came to Delaware\\nBay, but finding that this was not the passage of\\nwhich he was in search, he pushed on still further\\nnorth, scanning the shores very closely as he went.\\nAt last he came to an opening in the coast, which\\nhe thought must be the long-sought passage to\\nIndia. The waters of the stream were salt. Con-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "64 History of the United States.\\nvinced that this was the strait of which Captain\\nJohn Smith had written, Hudson, for a hundred\\nmiles or more, sailed up the beautiful river which\\nnow bears his name.\\nThe Half Moon was often visited by Indians.\\nAround New York Bay and the lower part of the\\nriver most of them were unfriendly, but there were\\nsome who came in canoes to exchange tobacco and\\nmaize for knives and beads. At one time, twenty-\\neieht canoes full of men, women, and children were\\naround the Half Moon.\\nHudson seized two Indians, intending to keep\\nthem, but one day they slipped quietly out of one\\nof the port-holes of the vessel, dropped into the\\nwater, and swam off. When they had gone some\\ndistance they scornfully hailed the ship, making\\nfun of the sailors.\\nFarther up the river the natives w^ere very\\nfriendly, and brought tobacco, venison, and skins\\nto the strangers. Hudson went on shore and\\nvisited an Indian chief, who made for him a great\\nfeast of roast pigeons and roast dog. The chief\\ninvited Hudson to stay all night, and broke his\\narrows to show that he meant no harm to his vis-\\nitors. But Hudson thought that the cabin of the\\nHalf Moon was a safer place in which to sleep\\nthan the hut of an Indian chief.\\nGreatly to Hudson s disappointment, the river\\nnow proved to be too shallow for his vessel, and he", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "Henry Hudson. 65\\nwas forced to give up all hope of reaching India\\nin that way. He returned to England in Novem-\\nber, 1609, and went thence to Holland to report\\nhis failure.\\nHe gave, however, such attractive accounts of\\nwhat he had seen, and especially of the furs which\\nU^^ d\\n,;xf ^^^%xi^^r^\\nThe Half Moon at the Highlands.\\nAfter the painting by T. Moran.\\ncould be obtained from the Indians in exchange\\nfor mere trifles, that the Dutch sent out men to\\ntrade with the Indians.\\nHudson now started on another voyage in search\\nof a northwest passage to India. He went far to\\nthe north, and discovered the great bay which has\\nbeen named for him. He spent three months in\\nexploring the shores of this bay, and then, before", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "66 History of the United States.\\nhe could get away, his vessel was caught in the\\nice, and was held fast for more than seven months.\\nSoon after the ice broke up, Hudson s men muti-\\nnied, and seizing him and his son and six other\\nmen, who were sick or unfit to work, put them\\ninto an open boat. They were given a little food,\\nsome powder and shot, and then set adrift. One\\nother man joined the castaways of his own accord.\\nThe little boat soon disappeared among the floating-\\nice.\\nThe mutinous crew suffered extreme privations,\\nand many of them died. The survivors made their\\nway out of the ice after a time, and, having met a\\nship which came to their assistance, finally reached^\\nIreland. As for Hudson and his eight companions,\\nnothing more was ever heard of them.\\nOUTLINE.\\nThe Dutch wished to find a passage to India and em-\\nployed Henry Hudson. He sailed to Newfoundland, and\\nalong the coast to Chesapeake Bay turned back and\\ndiscovered New York Bay and Hudson River; returned\\nto Europe started on another voyage and discovered\\nHudson s Bay, where he met his death.\\nWhy did the Dutch employ Hudson?\\nTell the story of his first voyage of his discoveries\u00c2\u00ab\\nHow did he meet his death?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "THE PILGRIMS.\\nThree hundred years ago it was commonly\\nthought that men and women should worship God\\nin the way that the government of their country\\nthought best. If any one refused to do this, he was\\npunished he might be made to pay a fine, his goods\\nmight be taken away from him he might be sent\\nout of the country away from his home and friends,\\nand forbidden to come back he might even be sold\\ninto slavery, or something very much like it.\\nIt may be hard to believe that England treated\\nher own people thus, but even the great Queen\\nElizabeth held that all men should conform; that is\\nto say, they should act alike in religious matters.\\nNow in England there were good men and\\nwomen who believed that there were many things\\nin the church services which ought to be given up,\\nin order that the worship of God might be more\\nsimple, or pure, as they liked to say. Because these\\npeople wished to purify the church service, they\\ncame to be called Puritans.\\nOthers thought that the only thing to do was to\\nleave the church or separate from it, so that they\\ncould worship as they thought right. Neither the\\nPuritans nor the Separatists, as these latter\\n67", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "68 History of the United States.\\nwere called, believed that the king of the country\\nshould be the head of the church.\\nA little band of Separatists was accustomed to\\nmeet at a small village, not far from the centre of\\nEngland, called Scrooby. They were watched day\\nand night, and some were seized and put into prison.\\nSadly they came to see that, if they wished to\\nkeep on in their w^ay of worship and belief, they\\nshould have to leave their homes and seek another\\ncountry in which to live. Hearing that in Holland\\nthere was freedom of worship for all men, they\\nresolved to go there.\\nThe very same year in which Captain John Smith\\nwent to Virginia with the Jamestown colony, this\\nlittle band of men and women began their journey\\nto Holland. They hired a captain to take them in\\nhis vessel across the North Sea. They were to\\nstart from old Boston in Lincolnshire.\\nThe captain did not meet them as he had prom-\\nised, but kept them waiting a long time in uncer-\\ntainty. When he did come, he took them on board\\nthe ship at night. Now they thought they were off\\nat last, but the captain had told the king s officers\\nall about them, and before the ship put to sea, the\\nofhcers came on board, seized the would-be emi-\\ngrants, put them into an open boat, and there\\nsearched them in a very rough manner, to see if\\nthey had any money.\\nDeprived of their money, books, and other goods,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "The Pilgrims.\\n69\\nthe poor emigrants were then cast into prison.\\nAfter a month or so, most of them were set free,\\nthouo^h others were detained still lono^er.\\nThe next spring some of these Separatists\\ntried again to get away. This time they engaged a\\nDutch captain to carry them to Holland. All was\\n|k__j im Ft iji- 1 i-\\nA House in Leyden.\\nAs it was in 1620.\\ngoing on well, a number of men were already on\\nboard and hope was high in their hearts, when\\nsome armed men were seen approaching the water-\\nside. As soon as the Dutch captain saw them, he\\nhoisted his sails and went off, parting husbands and\\nwives, parents and children.\\nIt was a sad company on board the ship, but it\\nwas a sadder company on the shore. Most of\\nthose who were left were women and children, for", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "70\\nHistory of the United States.\\nthe husbands and fathers had reached the shore first,\\nand many of them had gone on board the ship.\\nThe EngHsh magistrates did not know what to\\ndo with the women and children. These people\\nhad no homes to w^iich they could return they\\ncould not well be sent to prison for wishing to\\naccompany their husbands and fathers and so\\nafter they had\\nbeen sent from\\nplace to place,\\nthe m a 2: i s-\\nstrates were\\nglad to get rid\\nof them, and\\nallowed them\\nto go to Hol-\\nLeyden.\\nland\\nas\\nbest\\nFrom a bird s-eye view dated 1670. The bell tower marks the spot f ]-j^p y YTi i O ll t\\nwhere John Robinson, the pilgrim s pastor, was buried.\\nHere, some at\\none time and some at another, they met with their\\nfriends and loved ones.\\nThe emigrants went first to Amsterdam, and then\\nto Leyden. After staying in Holland eleven or\\ntwelve years, they began to talk of removing to\\nanother country. The dreary life they led kept\\nothers from joining them and many were growing\\nold.\\nIt was bad for their children because of the\\ntemptations which surrounded th em, and because", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "The Pilgrims. 71\\nthey could not be educated as their parents had\\nbeen. The people among whom they lived spoke\\na different language, and it was not to be expected\\nthat boys and girls would grow up English boys\\nand girls in Holland. Lastly, these earnest exiles\\nlonged to spread the Gospel in the far-off parts of\\nthe world.\\nNo country seemed to offer so many advantages\\nas did that part of America known as Virginia.\\nThere they would be under the English rule there\\nonly the English language would be spoken; and in\\nan English colony their children could grow up to\\nmanhood and womanhood, knowing only English\\ncustoms and English home life.\\nIt was true that their little flock had been com-\\npelled to leave England, but they had some reason\\nfor thinking that King James would grant them\\nliberty and freedom of religion in that far-off land.\\nIt was a long time before anything could be ar-\\nranged, but at length leave to plant a colony in\\nAmerica was obtained from the London Company.\\nWhen the time came to go, only about one-third\\nof the members of the church at Leyden started,\\nfor sufficient money could not be raised to take\\nthem all.\\nThe Pilgrims, for such they felt themselves to be,\\nwent first to Delfthaven, where their honored pas-\\ntor, John Robinson, took leave of them with a loving\\nfarewell. They sailed to Southampton, and from", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "72\\nHistory of the United States.\\nthat place, August 5, 1620, two small vessels, the\\nMayfloiver and the Speedwell, set sail with the little\\nband of emigrants.\\nWell might these men and women be called Pil-\\ngrims. They had gone from England to Amster-\\n^7i^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0w^\\nModel of the Mayflower.\\nIn the National Museum at Washington.\\ndam, from Amsterdam to Leyden, and now they\\nwere on their w^ay to wild and unknown lands\\nbeyond the great ocean, hoping to find a place\\nwhere they might worship God as they thought\\nright, and where they might bring up their children\\nin His fear.\\nThe two ships had not gone far, when the Speed-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "The Pilgrims.\\n73\\nwell was found to be leaking so badly that both\\nvessels put back to Plymouth. The Speedwell was\\nleit behindhand many of her passengers were crowded\\ninto the Mayflower, which set sail September 6.\\nIt was a long and stormy voyage nevertheless\\nthey held on their way. The Mayfloiver got far\\n7^/r/\\nPlymouth Bay in Midwinter 280 Yf:ars ago.\\nout of her course. The Pilgrims had expected to\\nland near the Hudson River, but the first land they\\nsaw was Cape Cod. They went southward, but in\\na few hours met with so many shoals and breakers\\nthat they turned back, and took refuge near the end\\nof Cape Cod, in what is now known as Province-\\ntown harbor. Here they cast anchor, November\\nII, 1620.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "74\\nHistory of the United States\\nThere were one hundred and two passengers In\\nall. One had died on the voyage, but a child was\\nborn before they landed, so the number was just\\nthe same as when they started.\\nWhile the Mayflower was in the harbor and\\nJ{s^^\\nAutographs of the Mayflower Ph.grims.\\nbefore any one went on shore, the Pilgrims drew\\nup some rules by which to govern themselves.\\nThis paper, called the Mayflower Compact, they\\nall signed, and then they chose John Carver to be\\ntheir governor for the first year. Here, then, in\\nthe little cabin of the Mayflowei^, in the harbor of\\nCape Cod, was government of the people, by the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "The Pilgrims. 75\\npeople, for the people, begun in America. It is\\nnot Hkely that the Pilgrims at the time thought of\\nanything more than making rules to keep good\\norder among themselves.\\nIt was clear that the sandy shore of a narrow\\ntongue of land was not the place on which to make\\na settlement, and several small parties were sent out\\nto seek for some good landing-place. Meanwhile\\nmany went on shore, the women to wash the clothes,\\nand the others to walk about on the solid ground.\\nA little exploring party set out in a boat under\\nthe lead of Captain Myles Standish, a stout-hearted\\nsoldier who had joined the Pilgrims because he\\nliked their ways, though he was not a church\\nmember. After sailing some distance along the\\ncoast, they came opposite a place which seemed to\\nbe just what they wanted. As it was Sunday, they\\nrested all that day on an island. The next day,\\nDecember 21,^ 1620, they went across the harbor\\nand landed on a rock, now so well known as Plym-\\nouth Rock.\\nThey found cleared land which had been used by\\nthe Indians as corn-fields, a brook running at the\\nfoot of the hill, and many springs of water. Very\\nnear the shore were hills from the tops of which\\nthey could see a great distance, and on which they\\ncould plant cannon for their protection.\\n1 December 21 is the correct date through an error December 22 is\\nusually celebrated as the anniversary.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "76\\nHistory of the United States.\\nCaptain John Smith had once visited the place\\non his map of New England he called it Plymouth,\\nand as old Plymouth was the port in England from\\nwhich they had sailed, the Pilgrims kept the name.\\nMyles S t a n d i s h\\nand his party went\\nback with the good\\nnews, and before long\\nthe Mayflower had\\ncast her anchor in\\nthe harbor. The Pil-\\ngrims chose a spot\\nunder a high hill,\\nclose to the shore,\\nfor the site of their\\nvillage, and set to\\nwork at once to build\\nsmall houses.\\nMany of the Pil-\\nQ:rims were sick,\\n,,vr chiefly from the bad\\nfood they were forced\\nPLYMOUTH ROCK. to cat ou thc voyagc,\\nFrom a photograph. The monument covers the spot anCl alSO irOm tUC WCt\\non which tradition says the Pilgrims landed. i i r\\\\\\nand the exposure they\\nhad experienced after reaching Cape Cod. Not-\\nwithstanding the mild weather, about half of their\\nnumber died during the winter, and their bodies\\nwere buried on the hill just above the rock on", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "The Pilgrims. yj\\nwhich they had landed. The graves were levelled,\\nso that the Indians might not see how many had\\ndied.\\nPart of the time there were only six or seven well\\npersons, but these spared no pains to help those who\\nwere in need. William Brewster, their revered elder,\\n;^^:|iR/^ ^3\\nPilgrim Fort and Meeting-house.\\nand Myles Standish, their captain, were two of the\\nmost active. They attended to the sick, prepared\\ntheir food, washed their clothes, cut their firewood,\\nand performed cheerfully and willingly the most\\nhumble services.\\nAt length spring came. Early in March the\\nbirds sang in the woods, the trees and shrubs began\\nto bud, and the poor Pilgrims felt that the worst of", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "78\\nHistory of the United States.\\ntheir troubles were over. The Mayflower set sail\\non her return voyage in April, 1621; but though\\nthey had suffered so much, not one of the Pilgrims\\nwished to go back on her.\\nThe Pilo^rims had been\\nafraid of attacks by the Ind-\\nians. The smoke of Indian\\nfires had been seen, and once\\nthe tools of Myles Standish\\nand another man who had\\nPEREGR1M-. W Hues Inlaid bcCU WOrkiug in the WOOds\\nwere stolen in their absence\\nIn Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth.\\nbut no attack had been made.\\nOne day in March an Indian walked boldly into\\nthe village, greatly alarming the colonists but they\\nwere glad to hear him say in English, Welcome\\nHe said his name was\\nSamoset, and that he had\\nlearned a few words from\\nsome English fishermen\\nwhom he had met farther\\nnorth. He also told them\\nthat a great pestilence had\\nraged among the Indians in possession of the Connecticut His-\\n1 r 1 torical Society at Hartford.\\nabout four years before, and\\nthat most of those who had lived near the place\\nwhere the Pilgrims had landed were dead.\\nA few days later Samoset came again and\\nbrought with him an Indian named Squanto, who,\\nBrewster s Sea Chest and\\nStandish s Iron Pot.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "The Pilgrims. 79\\nhe said, was now the only survivor of the tribe\\nwhich once had lived near Plymouth. He had been\\ncarried away captive by some sailors, had been in\\nLondon, and had learned to speak EngHsh. He\\ncame back to America, joining a tribe of Indians\\nwho lived thirty or forty miles west of Plymouth.\\nMassasoit, the chief of this tribe, Squanto said, was\\nnear by with sixty men, and would soon visit the\\nEnglish. In about an hour Massasoit and his war-\\nriors showed themselves on the top\\nof a hill not far off.\\nAt first the English were afraid\\nof the Indians, and the Indians\\nwere afraid of the English but by\\nthe help of Squanto the parties\\ncame together, and a treaty of\\npeace and friendship was made platter and kettle\\n1 r^ r^ J j-i OF Myles Standish.\\nbetween Governor Carver and the\\nchief, Massasoit, which was kept for more than fifty\\nyears.\\nThe Indians had their faces colored black, red,\\nand yellow. Some were ornamented with crosses\\nor other signs. Some were clothed in skins, and\\nsome were without clothing. Massasoit s face was\\npainted red, and was well greased. He had a great\\nchain of white bone beads around his neck. Tied\\nto this chain was a bag of tobacco which he smoked\\nhimself and offered to the English.\\nSquanto was much pleased with the Pilgrims,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "8o\\nHistory of the United States.\\nand after a while came to Hve with them. He\\nshowed them where fish and clams were plentiful,\\nand taught them to plant corn with two or three\\ndead fish in every hill to make the ground rich.\\nHe also acted as their interpreter and guide. He\\nliked to make himself important; to frighten the\\nIndians he used to tell them that the English kept\\nthe plague buried in their storehouse, and that\\nthey could send it out against any one without\\nThe Sword of Myles Standish.\\nIn Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth.\\nstirrins: from their houses. On the whole, he was\\na good friend to the Pilgrims, and when, after living\\nwith them a little over a year, he died, there was\\nreal sorrow in the colony. Before his death he\\nasked Governor Bradford to pray that he might go\\nto the Eno-lishman s heaven.\\nAfter the first year s crops had been gathered in,\\nGovernor Bradford and the Pilgrims had a public\\nThanksgiving, the first in America. Massasoit,\\nwho visited them at this time, joined them with his", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "The Pilgrims.\\n8i\\nmen, who brought five deer, and these with wild\\nturkeys, which the Pilgrims had already shot, made\\na grand feast. For three days they feasted together;\\nthe Pilgrims rejoiced over their harvest, thanked\\nGod, and took courage.\\nWhen the hunting season had passed, want again\\nThirty-five settlers\\nstared the Pilgrims in the face\\nGovernor Carver s Chair,\\nIn Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth.\\nThe Chair of John Eliot, the\\nApostle to the Indians.\\nhad come from England, but had brought no sup-\\nplies with them. These newcomers nearly doubled\\nthe number of the little band, which was now far\\ntoo large for the small stock of provisions laid by\\nfor the winter.\\nIt was impossible to get much from the friendly\\nIndians. Each person, therefore, was given only\\nhalf the usual amount of food. The Indians, finding\\nout their weak condition, began to threaten them.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "82\\nHistory of the United States.\\nCanonicus, the chief of the Narragansetts, sent a\\nmessenger with a bundle of arrows tied about\\nwith a snakeskin, which their interpreter told\\nthem was a threatening and a challenge.\\nThe governor was not\\nfrightened, but sent back\\nthe snakeskin full of bul-\\nlets, telling the Indians\\nthat if they would rather\\nhave war than peace, they\\nmight begin when they\\nwould. Canonicus, the\\nchief, was so afraid of the\\nbullets that he sent them\\nback to Plymouth, and\\nmade no attack.\\nThere was abundance\\nof fish in the streams and\\nin the sea, but for lack of\\nnets and fishing tackle\\nfew were caught. The\\nstrongest men of the col-\\nony were weak from hun-\\nger, and were hardly able\\nto plant the crops. All through the springtime\\nand early summer the Pilgrims were almost starv-\\ning, and it was not until the harvest came that they\\nwere free from want.\\nMyles Standish was a brave man, ready to fight,\\nPilgrim Monument at Plymouth.\\nNational Monument to the Forefathers.\\nErected by a grateful people in remem-\\nbrance of their labors, sacrifices, and\\nsufferings for the cause of civil and reli-\\ngious liberty.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "The Pilgrims,\\n83\\nready to go on dangerous journeys, and ready to\\nsail the stormy seas. He was, indeed, a most use-\\nful man to the little community, for he not only\\nhelped to protect the Pilgrims at Plymouth, but he\\nalso went on trading expeditions to various parts\\nof the coast for furs\\nand even crossed the\\nocean to buy supplies\\nfor the colony, and to\\nlook after its inter-\\nests.\\nHe lived to be an\\nold man and to have\\nthe satisfaction of see-\\ning the colony grow and flourish. For many years\\nhis home was at Duxbury, on the opposite side of\\nthe bay from Plymouth a hill which he owned is\\nstill called The Captain s Hill, and on it is a tall\\nmonument in honor of the brave man.\\n^J.^ Vfff^ 1\\nThe Myles Standish House at\\nDuxbury.\\nBuilt in 1666 by Alexander, Myles Standish s\\neldest son.\\nOUTLINE.\\nIn order to gain liberty of worship, a band of Sepa-\\nratists left England and went to Holland. After about\\ntwelve years they concluded to go to America. They\\nsailed in the Mayflower and reached Cape Cod December,\\n1620. They settled at Plymouth They suffered greatly\\nduring the first winter, and more than half their number\\ndied. Their captain was Myles Standish, a brave man.\\nThey had Httle trouble from the Indians.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "84\\nHistory of the United States.\\nWho were the Puritans the Separatists\\nTell the story of the Separatists in England how they went to\\nHolland.\\nWhy did they wish to go to America?\\nTell the story of the voyage to America in the Mayflower.\\nWhy were they called Pilgrims?\\nWhere did they land?\\nTell the story of their first winter in America.\\nDescribe Myles Standish, and tell what he did.\\nTell the story of Squanto of the first Thanksgiving.\\n4^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0p--^\\nThe Land of ihk Pilgrims and Purmans.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "THE PURITANS.\\nIn 1630, just about ten years after the Pilgrims\\nhad come to Plymouth, five or six ships sailed into\\nthe harbor of Naumkeag, afterward known as\\nSalem. They brought two hundred Puritan colo-\\nnists. Everything was as different as possible from\\nthe landing *of the Pilgrims at Plymouth.\\nIt was in early summer. Every hill and dale\\nand every island was full of gay woods and high\\ntrees, and flowers were blossoming in abundance.\\nThe very land seemed to welcome them. It was\\nthe strongest company of emigrants that had yet\\ncome to the New World. In the next year eight\\nhundred more arrived.\\nThese men and women crossed the sea to make\\nfor themselves homes they were willing to work,\\nand expected to work hard. Their purpose in com-\\ning was to find a place where they could worship\\nGod in the way which they thought right where\\nthey could manage their affairs to suit themselves;\\nwhere they could have their own laws where in new\\nhomes it would be possible for every one to better\\nhis condition.\\nMore Puritans kept coming over to Salem, and\\nthe surrounding country began to be settled. Some\\n85", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "86\\nHistory of the United States.\\nof the immigrants were not satisfied with Salem,\\nand looked about for a more attractive place. This\\nthey found in Massachusetts Bay, on a peninsula\\ncalled by the Indians Shawmut, and by the Eng-\\nlishmen Tri-mountain, from the three hills upon it.\\nThere was plenty of fresh water, and pasturage for\\nthe cattle and, as it was connected with the main-\\nland by a narrow neck, it could easily be defended\\nin case of danger.\\nThe settlers always retained a warm affection for\\ntheir old homes in England, and gave the names of\\nmany English towns to\\nthe new villages in Amer-\\nica. So this new settle-\\nment was soon named\\nBoston, after old Boston\\nin England, from which\\nplace or its neighborhood\\nmany of the colonists had\\ncome.\\nThe Puritan colony\\nwas known as that of\\nMassachusetts Bay. Its\\nfirst resident governor\\nwas John Winthrop, a\\nhighly educated, wealthy gentleman, who emigrated\\nwith his family from England to seek a home in the\\nNew World.\\nThe Puritans were a band of hard-working, God-\\nJoHN Winthrop.\\nAfter the original in the Massachusetts\\nSenate Chamber.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "The Puritans.\\n87\\nfearing folk. All worked those who were rich be-\\ncause they thought it was right, and those who were\\npoor because they did not wish to be dependent, and\\nbecause work was necessary for their support. They\\nbegan at once to lay out farms, and to plant the seed\\nwhich they had brought with them from England.\\nGovernor Winthrop set a noble example. Re-\\nligion was interwoven with his whole life. He\\nPine Tree Shilliing,\\nplanted and traded, sowed and built, governed and\\nfought, loved wife and children and neighbors in\\nthe fear of the Lord. He was sometimes narrow-\\nminded, and even bigoted, but this was due rather\\nto the nature of the times than to his own character,\\nwhich was better and broader than that of most pub-\\nlic men of his day.\\nHe built and launched the first sea-going vessel\\nin New England. She w^as named the Blessing of\\nthe Bay, and was the forerunner of the great fleet of\\nvessels which has done so much to make New Eng-\\nland rich and prosperous.\\nIt seems very strange to us that the Puritans who", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "88 History of the United States.\\nhad left England to find a place where they might\\nhave freedom for themselves were not willins^ to\\ngive freedom to others. They wished to be let\\nalone by those who did not think as they did, but\\nthey had no intention of letting others alone on the\\nsame conditions. They were determined to have\\nthe whole colony, as far as was possible, think in the\\nsame way in religious and church matters.\\nRoger Williams, a young Englishman, arrived in\\nMassachusetts during the winter of 1631. After a\\nwhile he was chosen to be minister of the church at\\nSalem. Roger Williams believed in religious liberty\\nfor every one. The Puritans believed in religious\\nliberty for themselves. Roger Williams believed\\nthat laws should relate to a man s actions, and that\\nhe should be free to think as he liked. The Puri-\\ntans believed that laws should be framed to punish\\na man for thinking, or saying, as well as for doing\\nanything of which the colony disapproved.\\nWilliams refused to agree with the Massachusetts\\nPuritans that religion was the chief business of the\\ncivil magistrate. He refused to uphold a law com-\\npelling every one to go to church. Soon he came\\nto be regarded as a very dangerous person, and was\\ntold that it would be better for him to leave Salem.\\nStill he kept on boldly denouncing the colony.\\nWhen he said that the king of England had no\\nright to give the land of the Indians to the colo-\\nnists, the leading men of Boston and of the neigh-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "The Puritans. 89\\nboring towns thought it was high time to arrest him\\nand send him out of the country, as had been done\\nwith other troublesome persons.\\nHearing of this, Williams made his escape into\\nthe forest. The snow was on the ground, and it\\nwas bitterly cold, but he pushed on until he reached\\nthe home of Massasoit, the friend of the Pilgrims.\\nThis chief received him very kindly and took care\\nof him for the rest of the winter.\\nIn the spring, Williams began a settlement at\\nSeekonk, just within the territory of the Plymouth\\nColony. Later, with five other men, he went farther\\ndown the river; as they rowed along, some Indians\\ncalled out, What cheer, ne-top How are you,\\nfriend Encouraged by this welcome the little\\ncompany turned the boat toward the shore and\\nlanded on what is known as Slate Rock. But\\nthey embarked again, and rowed on until they\\nfound an attractive place where there was a good\\nspring of water.\\nWilliams determined to begin a settlement here.\\nHe bought land of the friendly Indians, and dis-\\ntributed it among the settlers. He named the new\\nsettlement Providence, on account, as he said, of\\nGod s providence to him in his distresses.\\nHere, for the first time in the world s history, was\\nthere perfect liberty of thought. Roman Catholics\\nand Protestants, infidels and atheists, were all pro-\\ntected, and no man suffered for his opinions.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "90\\nHistory of the United States.\\nCradle and Chair of the Time of the\\nPuritans.\\nSettlers soon came and established themselves on\\nthe island of Rhode Island, and the whole colony\\nwas later known as Rhode Island\\nand Providence Plantations. The\\nPuritans looked upon it as a danger-\\nous place, where heretics and lawless\\npersons took refuge but notwith-\\nstanding this the colony flourished.\\nRoger Will-\\niams, though\\nhe had been\\nbanished from\\nMassachusetts,\\ndid not cher-\\nish ill feeling\\ntoward those who had caused him to leave his home\\nand seek another in the wilderness. Once he learned\\nthat the Pequods, an\\nIndian tribe in what\\nfl is now Connecticut,\\nI w^ere doing their best\\nto persuade the Nar-\\nragansett Indians to\\njoin them in an at-\\ntack upon the white\\nsettlers in Massachu-\\nsetts. At the risk of his life, he w^ent to the council\\nof the Narragansetts, prevailed upon them to refuse\\nto join the Pequods, and thus saved Massachusetts\\nfrom the horrors of an Indian attack.\\nAn Old House in Salem, Mass.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "The Puritans. 9 i\\nRoger Williams was a robust and vigorous man\\nwhen he was seventy- three years old, he rowed him-\\nself in an open boat over thirty miles on Narragan-\\nsett Bay to hold a discussion with some Quakers at\\nNewport. He was a man of very decided opinions\\nand sometimes used strong language, but he never\\npersecuted any one. He was perhaps the first man\\nto proclaim entire civil and religious liberty.\\nOUTLINE.\\nIn 1630 two hundred Puritan colonists landed at Salem,\\nMassachusetts. They came to find homes and 3. place\\nwhere they could worship God as they wished. They were\\nhard-working, God-fearing people. The Puritans wished\\neverybody to think and act alike in religious matters.\\nRoger Williams believed that church and state should not\\nbe joined together. He was threatened with arrest. He\\nfled into the wilderness, and founded Providence, where he\\ngave perfect liberty to thought and action.\\nWhere did the Puritans land?\\nHow many came the first year?\\nWhy did they come\\nDescribe the Puritans.\\nDescribe John Winthrop.\\nTell the story of Roger Williams.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "LORD BALTIMORE AND MARYLAND.\\nThe Pilgrims and the Puritans were not the only\\npersons who wished to find a land where they could\\nworship God as they pleased. The Roman Catho-\\nlics were not allowed to have churches in England,\\nand were persecuted in various ways.\\nAmong the wealthy English Roman Catholics\\nwas Sir George Calvert, better known as Lord\\nBaltimore, the latter name coming from a small\\ntown in southern Ireland. He was brought up a Pro-\\ntestant, but became a Roman Catholic. He wished\\nto found a colony where his Catholic brethren would\\nbe secure from interference.\\nIn 162 1, Lord Baltimore, ignorant of the length\\nand coldness of the winters, founded a colony in\\nNewfoundland. Later he himself went out intend-\\ning to remain, but the severity of the climate con-\\nvinced him that he must seek some warmer country\\nif his plans were to succeed. He went to Virginia\\nto see what could be done there but, as he was a\\nCatholic, the Virmnians did not welcome him. He\\nnext applied to the king, Charles L, who willingly\\ngranted him lands on Chesapeake Bay north of the\\nriver Potomac. The king named the colony Mary-\\nland after his queen, Henrietta Maria.\\n92", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "Lord Baltimore and Maryland.\\n93\\nSir George Calvert died before his charter was\\nready, and the king gave it to Sir George s son,\\nCecilius or Cecil, who became the second Lord\\nBaltimore. No one in the colonies had been given\\nsuch extensive powers. He was almost a monarch,\\nfor he was required only to give the king two\\nIndian arrows every year, and one-fifth of any gold\\nand silver that might be\\nfound, and to make no\\nlaws contrary to the laws\\nof England.\\nThe first band of colo-\\nnists, about two hundred\\nin number, under the lead-\\nership of Leonard Cal-\\nvert, a younger brother of\\nLord Baltimore, sailed\\nfrom England in two ves-\\nsels named the Ark and\\nthe Dove. The company\\nreached the mouth of the\\nPotomac River in March,\\n1634, and landed on a small island. There they\\ncut down a tree, and made a cross which they set\\nup then they kneeled before it, and gave thanks\\nfor having been brought safely to their new home.\\nThe colonists soon went over to the mainland.\\nThey treated the Indians justly, buying land of\\nthem and paying for it with axes, knives, and other\\nCecilius Calvert, Lord\\nBaltimore.\\nAfter a portrait preserved in the British\\nPublic Record Office.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "94 History of the United States.\\narticles pleasing to the natives. The Indians gave\\nup part of their village to the strangers and fur-\\nnished them with corn to plant. The colonists built\\na little town which they called St. Mary s, because\\nthey had landed on the day named in honor of the\\nVirgin Mary.\\nThe laws made in Maryland w^ere liberal, and for\\nyears that colony was one of the freest places in the\\nworld. Puritans and Episcopalians, Catholics and\\nQuakers, came to Maryland to find peaceful homes.\\nBut even there infidels and Unitarians were alike\\nunwelcome, and could have no privileges.\\nOUTLINE.\\nLord Baltimore wished to found a colony for Roman\\nCatholics. He tried Newfoundland the climate was too\\ncold. King Charles granted him lands on Chesapeake\\nBay. He named the colony Maryland. He died, but his\\nson Cecil carried out his plans. His laws were liberal, and,\\nexcept Rhode Island, Maryland was the freest of the early\\ncolonies.\\nTell how Lord Baltimore came to found a colony.\\nAfter whom was the colony named\\nHow much power did Lord Baltimore have\\nTell the story of the first band of colonists.\\nWas there perfect freedom for religion in Maryland?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "KING PHILIP S WAR.\\nMassasoit, the friend of the Pilgrims and of\\nRoger WiUiams, had two sons, Wamsutta, who\\nwas called by the colonists\\nAlexander, and Metacomet,\\nwho was called Philip or King\\nPhilip. When Massasoit died,\\nWamsutta became chief of the\\ntribe. The governor of Plym-\\nouth sent some soldiers to\\nbring Wamsutta to Plymouth\\nbecause it was reported that he\\nwas thinking of making an at-\\ntack upon the English. Wam-\\nsutta was unfortunately taken\\nsick while at Plymouth. The\\nIndians thought that he had\\nbeen poisoned by the English, and as he died shortly\\nafter his return, they became convinced that foul\\nwork had been done.\\nFrom various causes the neiohborincr Indians\\ngrew more and more hostile. They claimed with\\nsome justice that the English made them drunk\\nand cheated them of land. They tried to arouse\\nother tribes to join them in attacking the English.\\n95\\nKing Philip.\\nBelt and ornaments correctly-\\nshown.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "96\\nHistory of the United States.\\nAt one time they found some Indians who had\\nwarned their own English friends of the danger,\\nand they seized the traitors, as they called them, and\\nput them to death.\\nIt was not long before there\\nwas a war from which only a\\nfew tribes held aloof. The\\nIndians fought after their own\\nfashion. An Indian would\\ncreep from tree to tree until\\nhe came within gunshot of a\\nwhite man, and then he would\\n-^Hli^SsW^ l| t shoot at him. When his vic-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2nlf f Ir fili f Indian would rush\\ni !M--^i Wilis up to him, scalp him, and sud-\\ndenly disappear.\\nOften the Indians would\\nattack the log-cabins of the\\nsettlers at night, set them on\\nfire, and shoot or tomahawk\\nthe inmates as they ran from\\nthe burning houses. No one\\nwho lived on the outskirts of\\nthe settlements felt safe, night\\nor day.\\nThe Indians frequently chose Sunday for their\\nattacks. Once the settlers of Hadley, Massachu-\\nsetts, who were in their meeting-house, were startled\\nby an alarm of Indians. The men rushed out of\\nIndian Weapons.\\nAfter Catlin.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "King Philip s War.\\n97\\nthe house, when a tall man with long gray hair and\\nbeard made his appearance, and shouting to the\\ncolonists, led them on against the foe.\\nThe Indians were repulsed, and the old man van-\\nished as suddenly as he had come. Many thought\\nhe was sent from heaven to deliver them. He was\\nGeneral Goffe, one of Oliver Cromwell s soldiers,\\nwho had voted to condemn Kins^ Charles I. of Eno:-\\nland to death,\\nand upon whose\\nhead a price\\nwas fixed. He\\nhad taken ref-\\nuge in Amer-\\nica with some\\nfriends, and was\\nliving: in con-\\nThe Junkins Garrison House.\\nCfalinpTit I If\\nBuilt against Indian attacks in 1675. Formerly on a hilltop\\nsaw the Indians Scotland Parish, near Newburyport, Mass. It was stand-\\ning until 1875. After a painting by Susan Minot Lane.\\ncoming, gave\\nthe alarm, and led the defence with his old fire and\\ncourage.\\nThere were about a hundred towns in New Ene-\\nland at this time. Of these, forty were attacked by\\nthe Indians, and twelve were completely destroyed.\\nIt was not until the colonists adopted the Indian\\nmode of fighting that they were successful.\\nWe can hardly believe the stories of the cruelties\\npractised in this war, both by the Indians and by the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "98 History of the United States.\\nEnglish. The colonists at one time attacked a fort\\non Narragansett Bay. It was a log fort in the\\nmidst of an almost impassable cedar swamp, and\\nthe Indians had brought there a large number of\\nold men, women, and children. The English sur-\\nprised the fort, but the Indians made a brave de-\\nfence. More than tw^o hundred of the whites were\\nkilled, and about five times as many of the natives.\\nThe colonists were so inflamed against the Indians\\nthat they set fire to the wigwams, and many old\\nmen, women, and children were burned to death.\\nCanonchet, the chief, was taken. He was offered his\\nlife if he would make peace, but he refused, saying\\nw^hen he was about to be put to death, I like it\\nwell I wish to die before my heart is soft or I say\\nanything unworthy of myself.\\nWhen the Indians attacked a settler s house or a\\nvillage, they would often carry off the women and\\nchildren captives, and many stories of hairbreadth\\nescapes and of dreadful cruelties were long told to\\nthe New England boys and girls.\\nPhilip found that, with all his efforts, the Indians\\nwere steadily losing ground, and that his cause was\\nhopeless. He wandered from place to place, and\\nhid in swamps and forests. His wife and his young\\nson were captured and sold as slaves to the Bermuda\\nIslands for death or slavery was the punishment\\nfor Indians who had fought or had even taken\\nsides against the English.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "King Philip s War.\\n99\\nPhilip wandered back to the neighborhood of his\\nold home near Mt. Hope on Narragansett Bay. He\\nwas traced to a swamp, and was shot by an Indian\\nwhose brother he had killed.\\nThe hands and head of the great Indian warrior\\nwere cut off; his head was sent to Plymouth, and\\nplaced on a high pole where it remained exposed to\\nview for about twenty years.\\nIt seems very strange to us\\nthat the Pilgrims and Puri-\\ntans should have been so\\nharsh, but even in England\\nat that time the heads of\\ntraitors and rebels were ex-\\nposed on Temple Bar, a\\ngate in London.\\nThe power of the Ind-\\nians was now broken, for\\ntheir best warriors had\\nbeen either killed or taken\\nprisoners, and King Philip s\\nWar was the last great struggle with the natives in\\nNew England.\\nMany of the colonists desired to civilize the red\\nmen, and to convert them to the Christian religion.\\nOne of the objects of the founding of Harvard Col-\\nlege was to educate Indian youth for the ministry.\\nJohn Eliot, a minister at Roxbury, near Boston,\\nwas the most unwearied worker in this good cause.\\nJohn Eliot.\\nFrom a portrait in the family of the late\\nWilliam Whiting.\\n4^C", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "UPBIBLUM GOD\\nNUKKONE TESTAMENT\\nWUSKU TESTAMENT.\\nloo History of the United States.\\nHe learned the language of some of the tribes in\\norder to teach them in their own tongue. He was\\nconstant in visiting the Indian villages and preach-\\ning to the natives. He once said, I have not been\\ndry, night or day, from the third day of the week to\\nthe sixth but so travel, at nioht\\nI pull off my boots, wring my stock-\\nI ings, and so continue.\\nI Eliot was very successful in his\\nI work, and is said to have persuaded\\nI more than three thousand Indians\\nI to become Christians. But this was\\nnot all. He translated the Bible into\\nthe Indian language and had it\\nprinted. Indian boys learned to\\nread in it, and were taught its\\nlessons.\\nThese Indians are gone, their language has been\\nforgotten, and probably not more than one or two\\npersons are now able to read Eliot s Indian Bible.\\nThe book itself is rarely met with, but copies may\\nbe seen in some of the great public libraries.\\nJOHN ELIOT\\ni.\\nTmmmwmmmwtmmimmvi\\nTitle Page ok\\nEliot s Bible.\\nReduced fac-siinile.\\nOUTLINE.\\nThe Indians in New England, from various causes, be-\\ncame hostile to the English. A terrible war followed\\nthere were many atrocities. Philip, a son of Massasoit,\\nwas the leader. He united the tribes against the English.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "King Philip s War. loi\\nHe was at last shot, and the war came to an end. John\\nEHot labored to convert the Indian^ to Christianity, and\\ntranslated the Bible into their language.\\nTell who Alexander and Philip were.\\nDescribe the Indian methods of warfare.\\nTell the story of the attack on Hadley.\\nTell the story of King Philip.\\nWhat did John l^liot do for the Indians?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "PETER STUYVESANT AND NEW NETHER-\\nLAND.\\nThe first vessels sent to the river that Henry\\nHudson had discovered brought back such good\\nreports of the country that the Dutch sent out more\\nships, for they were very quick to seize any chance\\nfor trade. Three vessels were sent in 1613. One\\nof them, having taken fire at Manhattan Island, was\\nburnt. Captain Adrien Block, her commander, at\\nonce set his men to work to put up some log huts\\nin which to spend the winter. These were the\\nfirst houses built by Europeans where New York\\nCity now stands.\\nWhile at Manhattan Island, Captain Block built\\na small vessel, sailed through East River into\\nLong Island Sound, and discovered the island now\\ncalled by his name. Another captain sailed up the\\nHudson River and established Fort Orange, a trad-\\ning post near the place where Albany is now.\\nTen years later, the Dutch West India Company\\nsent out a number of families to settle at Manhat-\\ntan, at Fort Orange, on Long Island, and even as\\nfar as the Delaware River. The next year, 1624,\\nPeter Minuit, the director-general of the colony,\\nbought Manhattan Island from the Indians for", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Peter Stuyvesant and New Netherland. 103\\nabout twenty-four dollars, and built Fort Amster-\\ndam this was the beginning of New Amsterdam,\\nafterward New York City.\\nSoon after this, some of the directors of the com-\\npany bought large tracts of land along the Hudson\\nRiver, and sent out colonists as tenants. These\\nlarge landowners, who called themselves patroons,\\nbecame very wealthy and powerful. They lived on\\ntheir great es-\\ntates very much\\nas the old lords\\nused to do in\\nfeudal times in\\nthe Middle\\nAges. In 1633,\\nthe first school-\\nmaster came to\\nthe colony, and the school of which he w^as the\\nfirst teacher is still flourishinor, the oldest school\\nin the United States.\\nThe colony was managed, however, not for the\\ngood of the settlers, but for the benefit of the\\nDutch Company. Among other things, the farm-\\ners were not allowed to buy any furs from the\\nIndians, and the company tried to keep even the\\npatroons out of this profitable trade, but with small\\nsuccess.\\nFor a few years the Dutch treated the Indians\\n^The Collegiate School of the Dutch Church, New York City.\\nDutch Pleasure Wagon of the Olden Time.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "I04 History of the United States.\\nwell. It is true that some of the settlers sold them\\nguns and rum, and that the fur-traders cheated\\nthem but, on the whole, the Indians were not\\ndissatisfied. Unfortunately, in 1637, the company\\nsent out William Kieft, as director. He had been\\na merchant, and knew little or nothing about ruling\\nEarly Dutch Costumes.\\nmen. He could not be depended upon, for he did\\nnot keep his word. He was obstinate, cruel, and\\ngreedy of gain he treated the Indians very badly,\\nand in this way provoked them to make savage\\nattacks upon the settlers.\\nFor two years there was a war in which the colo-\\nnists suffered greatly. The Indians would fire on\\nthe boats passing by on the river they would attack", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "Peter Stuyvesant and New Netherland. 105\\nmen and women travelling on the roads they would\\nshoot the farmers as they worked in the fields. In-\\ndeed, the farmers hardly dared to do the necessary\\nwork for fear of being shot. Trade and commerce\\ncame almost to a standstill, and the colony began to\\nsuffer from hunger. Kieft now saw his mistake, and\\nwas only too glad to make peace with the Indians.\\nAfter ten years of misrule, Kieft was remioved.\\nThe ship in which he was\\nreturning to Holland was\\nwrecked in the English\\nChannel he was drowned,\\nand the fortune he was tak-\\ning back went down with\\nhim.\\nThe Dutch Company\\nnow chose Peter Stuyve-\\nsant to succeed Kieft as\\ndirector- general of New\\nNetherland. Stuyvesant\\nhad been governor of Cura-\\n90a, in the West Indies,\\nand had lost one of his\\nlegs from a wound in battle. He now stumped\\naround on a wooden leg, bound with silver bands.\\nHe was hot-headed and easily made angry he\\nwas headstrong and used very hard words, but\\nhad not a bad heart. He was brave, full of cour-\\nage, honest, and devoted to the interests of the com-\\nPeter Stuyvesant.\\nAfter the portrait from life in the pos-\\nsession of the New York Historical\\nSociety.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "io6 History of the United States.\\npany which employed him. He had a high idea of\\nthe position of a governor, and beHeved that he\\nought to have all the power in his own hands.\\nOnce, when some one threatened to appeal to the\\ncompany, he said, If he does, I will make him a\\nfoot shorter, and send the pieces to Holland. But\\nhe really had the good of the colony at heart, and,\\nwhen the colonists came to know him, there was\\nnot much trouble.\\nThe Swedes wished to have a share in America,\\nand had sent out a colony (1638) under Peter\\nMinuit, the same man who had bought Manhat-\\ntan Island for the Dutch. Minuit sailed up the\\nDelaware River, bought land from the Indians,\\nand, near the place where Wilmington, Delaw^are,\\nnow stands, he built a fort, naming it Christina, after\\nthe queen of Sweden.\\nThe Dutch objected strongly to this, but Stuyve-\\nsant was too weak to prevent it. A few years\\nlater, however, Stuyvesant built a fort on the Dela-\\nware, very near the Swedish settlement. This fort\\nthe Swedes attacked and took. Stuyvesant, the\\npeople of New Amsterdam, and the Dutch Com-\\npany, were very angry when this news reached\\nthem. As soon as possible Stuyvesant made an\\nattack upon the Swedes, and was successful in tak-\\ning all their forts. This brought Swedish rule to\\nan end in America.\\nThe Swedes were not the only enemies of the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "Peter Stuyvesant and New Netherland. 107\\nDutch. The Eno^lish settlers were increasino- north\\nand south of New Netherland, and paid little atten-\\ntion to the Dutch boundaries. Stuyvesant made\\nseveral journeys to New England to defend his\\nrights, and secured as o^ood terms as he could. But\\nthe English settlers kept coming upon Dutch terri-\\ntory, and claimed nearly the whole of what is to-day\\nthe state of New York. Many of them had come\\nto Long Island, and they disliked the Dutch rule.\\nStuyvesant saw the danger to the colony, but could\\ndo nothing, as the English outnumbered his men\\nso greatly.\\nOne day in August, 1664, some English ships\\ncame sailing into the bay. Troops were landed,\\nwho took possession of Staten Island. Director\\nStuyvesant put all able-bodied men to work to\\nrepair the battery and to throw up fortifications\\nbut the stock of powder was small, and the people\\nwere not hearty in their support, for they preferred\\nto go under English rule rather than have the town\\nfired on and their property destroyed. In fact, not\\na few were quite ready to change rulers.\\nNicolls, the English commander, sent a letter\\nsaying that, if the Dutch gave up, no one should\\nbe hurt and that everything could go on as before,\\nexcept that the English flag must fly over the town\\nand the English rule be acknowledged. The coun-\\ncil insisted that this letter should be read before the\\npeople, but Stuyvesant refused, for he was sure that", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "io8 History of the United States.\\nthe people would wish to accept these terms. A\\nsharp dispute followed, and Stuyvesant, in a rage,\\ntore up the letter and threw the pieces on the floor.\\nThe council broke up, but the members told the\\npeople what terms the English had offered. Finally\\nStuyvesant was forced to yield. The English landed.\\nThe Stadthuys, New York, 1679.\\nAfter Brevoort s drawing. Stadthuys is Dutch for statehouse.\\nhoisted their flag, and New Netherland became New\\nYork.\\nThe Dutch Company sent for Stuyvesant to\\ncome to Holland and explain why he had given up\\ntheir colony. He was able to do this satisfactorily,\\nfor every one who had been on the spot knew that\\nhe had held out until resistance was useless. When", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "Peter Stuyvesant and New Netherland. 109\\npeace was made between England and Holland,\\nthe English kept New York.\\nNine years later (1673) there was another war\\nbetween England and Holland. One day some\\nDutch ships sailed into the harbor, just as the\\nEnglish ships had done, and found New York just\\nas unprepared as before. The fort and town sur-\\nrendered, and New York became Dutch again.\\nBut the very next year peace was made, and New\\nYork was Qiiven back to the Ens^lish.\\nPeter Stuyvesant, after his return from Holland,\\nlived in peace and plenty at his bowery, as the\\nDutch called a farm; he died in 1682, when he\\nwas about eighty years old. He was fond of fruit\\nand fiowers one of the pear trees which he planted\\nstood over two hundred years, until 1867, when it\\nwas blown down in a storm.\\nOUTLINE.\\nThe Dutch settled on Manhattan Island, 161 3. Peter\\nMinuit bought the island from the Indians for twenty-four\\ndollars. Patroons settled along the Hudson River, had\\nlarge estates, and became wealthy. Governor Kieft was a\\nvery unwise ruler he brought on an Indian war. Peter\\nStuyvesant, a hot-headed but brave man, succeeded Kieft.\\nHe was the last Dutch governor of New Netherland. The\\nSwedes settled on the Delaware River. The Dutch claimed\\nthe land, and after a time conquered the Swedes. The\\nEnglish, in 1664, took New Amsterdam without a struggle.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "iio History of the United States.\\nThe Dutch retook the town in 1673. When peace was\\nmade, 1674, New Netherland was given to the EngUsh.\\nGive an account of Captain Block and his discoveries.\\nTell the story of the founding of New Amsterdam.\\nWho were the patroons\\nTell about Governor Kieft Peter Stuyvesant.\\nTell about the Swedes.\\nTell how New Netherland became New York.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "FATHER MARQUETTE AND LA SALLE.\\nFor the most part, the English came to find\\nhomes in the New World, and so did not go far\\naway from the Atlantic coast, though they claimed\\nall the country to the South\\nSea, as the Pacific Ocean was\\nthen called. The French, on the\\nother hand, were great explorers.\\nBefore the English settled\\nPlymouth or Salem, and before\\nRoger Williams, founded Prov-\\nidence, or Lord Baltimore sent\\nout the Ark and the Dove,\\nFrench explorers, traders, and\\nJesuit priests had followed the\\ncourse of the St. Lawrence\\nRiver while Champlain had\\nchosen the site of Quebec, and\\nhad discovered the beautiful\\nlake which bears his name.\\nAbout the time the English\\ncolonists were fiQ:htino^ Kino:\\nPhilip, Father Marquette, a\\nFrench Jesuit priest, in com-\\npany with Joliet, a fur trader,\\nIII\\nJames Makqueitk.\\nWho with Louis Joliet dis-\\ncovered the Mississippi River\\nat Prairie du Chien, June 17,\\n1673. From the statue by\\nG. Trentenove, in the Rotunda\\nof the Capitol, Washington.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "I 2 History of the United States.\\nwas pushing his way along the Great Lakes, and\\nsearching for a great river, of which the Indians\\nhad told him.\\nMap to illustrate French Exi-lorations.\\nMarquette and Joliet took with them smoked\\nmeat and Indian corn to eat; and beads, watches,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "Father Marquette and La Salle. 1 1 3\\nand many other articles to exchange with the\\nnatives for food. They had five men to paddle\\ntheir canoes, but they carried no warlike weapons,\\nfor their errand was a peaceful one Father Mar-\\nquette was a true missionary.\\nThey launched their canoes on the Wisconsin\\nRiver, and after a week floated into the river of\\nwhich they had heard, and which they so greatly\\ndesired to see.\\nNow and then, as they floated down the stream,\\nthey saw many buffaloes on the banks, but it was\\nlong before they saw any traces of Indians. After a\\njourney of hundreds of miles, they saw some foot-\\nprints in the mud, and, landing, followed the tracks\\nuntil they reached an Indian village, where the\\npeople proved to be friendly.\\nThe Frenchmen began their journey again, but\\nwhen they reached the mouth of the Arkansas\\nRiver, hearing from friendly Indians that there\\nwere hostile tribes farther on, they turned back\\nyet they had gone far enough to be sure that the\\ngreat stream must empty into the Gulf of Mexico.\\nFather Marquette, worn out by his long journeys\\nand the exposure, died on the shores of Lake\\nMichigan, where the town of Marquette now stands.\\nAnother Frenchman, Robert Cavalier de La\\nSalle, was so moved by the accounts of Joliet and\\nothers, and by the desire to increase the empire of\\nFrance, that he resolved to go on with the explo-\\nI", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "IT4 History of the United States.\\nrations which Father Marquette and JoHet had\\nbegun. He started in 1679, but was delayed by so\\nmany mishaps that he did not reach the Mississippi\\nRiver for about two years. He took with him a\\nparty of Indians and\\nFrenchmen, and marked\\nhis course by building little\\nforts.\\nThese men suffered from\\nhunger they slept on the\\nopen ground they would\\nwatch by night and march\\nby day, loaded with bag-\\ngage, such as blankets,\\nclothing, kettles, hatchets,\\nguns, powder, lead, and\\nskins. Sometimes they\\nthrust their way through\\nthickets, sometimes climbed rocks covered with ice\\nand snow, sometimes waded w^hole days through\\nmarshes where the water was waist deep, but they\\nkept on, and at last reached the Mississippi.\\nThey continued their journey down the great\\nstream, until, early in April, 1682, they reached its\\nmouth. They were the first Europeans who had\\nmade a continuous voyage from the upper part of\\nthe mighty stream to its m.outh.\\nEverywhere La Salle had claimed possession of\\nthe land in the name of the French king.\\nRuUKkl C-WALIKR SlKUK DE LA\\nSalle.\\nAfter Margry s portrait.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "Father Marquette and La Salle, i i 5\\nLouis XIV., in honor of whom he called the\\ncountry Louisiana. Not far frorh the mouth of\\nthe river he set up a column and a cross. On\\nthe cokmin he painted the nam,e of France and\\nthis inscription, Louis the Great, King of France\\nand Navarre, reigns, April 9th, 1682.\\nLa Salle returned to France two years later he\\ntook part in an expedition to found a colony at the\\nmouth of the Mississippi. The captain of the ves-\\nsel went too far to the west, and then refused to sail\\nback in search of the river. He landed La Salle\\nand his companions on the coast of what is now\\nTexas, and left them to their fate.\\nLa Salle encouraged his companions, and did all\\nthat was possible to establish them securely. He\\nsearched for the Mississippi River, but could not\\nfind it. About two years had gone by, and nothing\\nhad been heard from France. He now determined\\nto go overland to Canada and get help.\\nWith one-half of the company, twenty in number,\\nhe set out on his difficult and perilous journey\\nof two thousand miles. The men were poorly pro-\\nvided with clothing. They had to depend for food\\nupon what game they could find. There were no\\nroads, and their progress was very slow. Some of his\\nmen rebelled. At length, at some unknown spot in\\nthe vast wilderness of eastern Texas, this brave\\nand patriotic Frenchman was treacherously killed\\nby one of his followers.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "ii6 History of the United States.\\nOUTLINE.\\nFather Marquette and Joliet explored the Mississippi\\nRiver as far as the Arkansas River. La Salle explored the\\nGreat West. He and his party suffered great privations.\\nThey sailed down the river to its mouth, claimed the great\\nterritory for the French king, and called it Louisiana.\\nLa Salle made a second expedition to the Mississippi.\\nHe and his party suffered great hardships. He was killed\\nby one of his followers.\\nTell the story of Marquette and Joliet.\\nTell the story of La Salle s expedition.\\nWhat did he name the territory?\\nTell the story of his second expedition of his death.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "NATHANIEL BACON.\\nWhile the New England colonies were fighting\\nwith King Philip, the Virginians were compelled\\nto defend themselves against the southern Indians\\nThe orovernor of Viroinia at this time was Sir\\nWilliam Berkeley. He was a harsh, severe ruler,\\nand had little sympathy with the people. He said\\nof Virginia, I am thankful that there are no free\\nschools or printing-offices, and 1 hope that we shall\\nnot have them these hundred years.\\nA traveller in Virginia, who went to see him in\\n1672, was asked by a Virginian if the governor had\\ncalled him dog or rogue, and when the trav-\\neller said No, the Virginian returned, Then you\\nfound him in his best humor, for those are his usual\\nterms.\\nVirginia was suffering from severe laws and\\nheavy taxes imposed by the royal government.\\nBerkeley would do nothing to help the people, and\\nthey were ready to rebel. When the Indians\\nattacked the frontier, the people appealed to the\\ngovernor for aid, but he refused.\\nIt is said that he was making much money\\nfrom the fur trade with the Indians, and knew that if\\nhe sent forces against them he should lose this prof-\\n117", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "ii8 History of the United States.\\ni table business. Perhaps he was afraid that if the\\npeople were armed they would turn against him, as\\nsoon as the Indian troubles were settled.\\nWhen they found that the governor would not\\naid them, the people themselves raised a force of\\nBacon and Berkeley.\\nvolunteers. They chose Nathaniel Bacon, a liberal\\nyoung Englishman, to be their leader, and marched\\nagainst the savages. Governor Berkeley proclaimed\\nBacon and all who were with him rebels and trai-\\ntors but Bacon was so popular that the governor s\\nthreats did not amount to much.\\nWhen Bacon returned from the frontier he found\\nhimself the idol of the colony he had also been", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "Nathaniel Bacon. i i 9\\nelected a member of the legislature, which the\\ngovernor had been forced to call. The governor\\narrested him, but was compelled to set him free.\\nIn this legislature, through Bacon s influence, good\\nlaws were passed, and for years afterward they were\\nknown as Bacon s Laws.\\nAgain the governor planned to arrest Bacon, but\\nhe escaped, and gathering a force of several hundred\\nmen, marched on Jamestown again the governor\\nyielded, and Bacon was appointed general against\\nthe Indians.\\nTwo months later he was once more proclaimed\\na rebel. Berkeley, finding that his course was not\\napproved by many of the Virginians, took refuge\\nin what he supposed was the most loyal part\\nof the colony, but, to his disappointment, the people\\nwould hear nothing against Bacon. He then fled\\nto the eastern shore of Virginia, across Chesapeake\\nBay. Here the governor was able to collect a force\\nof a few hundred men and some vessels, and, com-\\ning back, took possession of Jamestown.\\nBacon was returnincr from a successful Indian\\ncampaign, and had discharged most of his men\\nbut when he heard that Berkeley held Jamestown,\\nhe decided to attack him. Men and women along\\nthe road brought food and drink to refresh his little\\narmy, and the women cried out, (icneral, if you\\nneed help, send for us\\nBacon very soon did find a way to make women", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "I 20\\nHistory of the United States.\\ny^\\nhelpful. The peninsula on which Jamestown was\\nbuilt was connected with the mainland by a very\\nnarrow isthmus. Bacon occupied this neck of land,\\nand in order to fortify it in safety, seized the wives\\nand daughters of some of Berkeley s men, and sent\\none of them into Jamestown to inform her own\\nand other husbands that he meant to place their\\nwives in the fore\\n^^^fe^ front of his men\\nwho were to throw\\nup the earth-\\nworks.\\nNotwithstand-\\ning this warning,\\nBerkeley ordered\\nan attack. His\\nmen were re-\\npulsed, and then,\\nsure enough, the women were exhibited to the view\\nof their husbands and friends in the town, upon the\\ntop of the small work, where Bacon caused them to\\ntarry till he had finished his defence. Of course\\nthey proved to be an ample protection.\\nThe governor now gave up the town and retreated\\nwith his men to the vessels. When it was learned\\nthat Berkeley had stolen away in the night, Bacon\\nmarched into the town and ordered the place to\\nbe burnt, so that the rogues should harbor there\\nno more. His orders were obeyed. Nothing\\nV 5?-:7\\nBacon Quarter Branch.\\nWhere Bacon had a plantation near the falls of the James.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "Nathaniel Bacon 121\\nremains of this earliest English town in America\\nexcept the ruined tower of the old brick church.\\nBacon was now in control of Virginia, but he was\\nworn out by excitement, fatigue, and exposure in\\nthe swamps before long he fell sick and died.\\nSome of his friends, fearful that his body might be\\ntaken up and hung in chains, either buried it in some\\nplace still unknown, or sunk it in the river. With\\nBacon s death the rebellion ended.\\nBerkeley regained power, and hanged twenty-\\nthree of Bacon s followers as rebels. King Charles,\\nwhen he heard of this, said, That old fool has\\nhanged more men in that naked country than I\\nhave done for the murder of my father.*\\nBacon had not lived in vain. Berkeley was re-\\nmoved by the king, and sailed for England amid\\nthe rejoicings of the people, who celebrated his\\ndeparture with firing of cannon and blazing of bon-\\nfires. The king for whom he had done so much\\nrefused to see him, and he died in diso race in less\\nthan a year after Bacon s death. No royal governor\\ndared again to oppress the Virginians as Berkeley\\nhad done.\\nOUTLINE.\\nSir William Berkeley, the governor of Virginia, was a\\nharsh man and a severe ruler. The people chose Nathaniel\\nBacon to lead them against the Indians. Bacon was very\\npopular. Through his influence good laws were passed.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "122 History of the United States.\\nBacon was the leader of a rebellion against the governor.\\nHe was successful, but died of disease. Berkeley was at\\nlast removed by the king.\\nDescribe Sir William Berkeley.\\nTell about Nathaniel Bacon, and how the governor treated him.\\nTell how Bacon attacked Jamestown his death.\\nWhat was done to Berkeley?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "WILLIAM PENN.\\nAbout the time that La Salle set out for Canada\\n(1682) on his journey to explore the Mississippi\\nRiver, and secure a great empire for France, a very\\ndifferent plan was being arranged in England. It\\nwas for the settlement of a new English colony,\\nwhere there should be no war, where the people\\nshould make their own laws, where there should be\\npolitical and religious\\nliberty, and where the\\nIndians should be treated\\njustly. llie man who\\ndevised this plan and\\nwished to carry it out was\\nWilliam Penn. He was\\nat this time about thirty-\\nseven years old. His\\nfather had been a very\\nsuccessful captain in the\\nEnglish navy, and had\\nbeen rewarded by being At the age of 22. After the portrait attrlb-\\n1 1*1 T T uted to Sir Peter Lelv.\\nmade an admiral. He\\nhad been on terms of friendship with King\\nCharles II. and with his brother James, the Duke of\\nYork.\\nJ\\n1\\nJ\\n3^\\n1\\ni\\nJ\\nWilliam Pk.\\\\n.\\n123", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "124 History of the United States.\\nFac-simile of Part\\nOF THE Royal\\nDeed given to\\nPenn.\\nAdmiral Penn was a rich man,\\nand had educated his son as other\\nwealthy young Englishmen were\\neducated that is to say, to be skil-\\nful in athletic games, to fence well,\\nand to be a fine and courtly gentle-\\nman. To finish his education, Will-\\niam had been sent to Oxford.\\nWe can imagine the fathers dis-\\npleasure when he heard that his\\nson was thinkino^ of becominof a\\nQuaker. The admiral was of such\\nhasty temper that, when he found\\nhis son would not change his views,\\nhe flogged the young man and\\nturned him out of doors.\\nAfter a while, at the entreaty of\\nPenn s mother, the young man was\\nallowed to come back. For more", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "William Penn.\\n125\\nIWHll II\\nthan two years, Admiral Penn tried in\\nevery possible way to make his son\\nleave the Quakers. He floQ^Qred h\\nmi\\nagain, he sent him away on a foreign\\ntour, he reasoned with him, he threat-\\nened him, but in vain a Quaker young\\nPenn would be. It is pleasant to know\\nthat Admiral Penn, at last, became\\nreconciled to his son.\\nAdmiral Penn left to his son a large\\nestate and a claim on the EnoHsh\\ncrown for money lent to the king,\\namounting to about sixteen thousand\\npounds sterling. Penn begged the\\nking to give him lands in America in\\npayment of this debt. Charles II.,\\nwho was always short of money, gladly consented to\\npay his debt in this way. He granted to Penn a\\nlarge tract west of the Delaware River and north", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "126 History of the United States.\\nA brief Account of the\\n^^otjime of ^ettnfplbattia.\\nLately Granted by the\\nKING,\\nUnder the GREAT\\nSeal of England,\\nTO\\nWILLIAM PENN\\nAND HIS\\nHeirs and Affigns.\\nSince (by the good Providence ol Cod, and the Favour of the King) a\\nCountry in Amtric4 is fallen to my Lot, 1 thought it not lefs my\\nDuty, then my Honeft InterefV, to give fomc publick notice of J: to\\nthe World, that thofe of our own or other Nations, that arc inclin d\\ntoTranfport Themfelves or Families beyond the Seas, may find ano-\\nther Country added to their Choice that if they fhall hapicn to like\\nthe Place, Conditions, and Government, (fo far as the prcfent Infancy of things\\nwill allow US any profpeO^ ihey may, if they plcafe, fix with me in the Pro-\\nvince, hereafter defcrilxd.\\nI. Ti e KING S t^ to thU CoumrybefonhtgranteA tt.\\nIt is the Jm Ctnttum, or Law of Nations, that what ever Wafte, or uncuf-\\ntcd Country, is the Difcovcry of any Princ^ it is the right of that Prince, that\\nwas at the Charge of the Difcovery Now this frovinu is a Member of that\\npart of AmricAy which the King of ^\u00c2\u00a3/\u00c2\u00bb^/4w^i Anccftors have been at the Charge\\nof Difcovering, and vhich they aod he have taken great care to prcferve ani\\nf U. William", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "William Penii,\\nI 27\\nof Maryland, and insisted on calling it Pennsylvania,\\nafter Admiral Penn.\\nWilliam Penn at once began to prepare a form\\nof government for his new province. He wished\\nthe people of Pennsylvania to be a free, sober,\\nand industrious people, and to be governed by\\nlaws of their own makino-.\\nri S icrjofve^^ fcaitoV\\nSeal and Signature to the Frame of Government.\\nSo anxious was he to do what w^as best for all,\\nthat he called his plan, An holy experiment. He\\nwished his province to be a place of refuge for the\\npersecuted, and especially for the Quakers, who had\\nsuffered very much. At one time, several thousand\\nQuakers in England, were in prison simply because\\nthey insisted on worshipping God as they thought\\nright.\\nBefore his plans were completed Penn sent a letter", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "128 History of the United States.\\nto the Indians to let them know his kindly feeling\\ntoward them. Though the king had given him all\\nthe country, yet Penn would allow no land to be\\nsettled until it had been bought from the natives.\\nHe made just laws, in which the rights of the\\nIndians were carefully looked after.\\nIn 1682, Penn himself came over with a number\\nof emigrants, in the ship Welcome. On the voy-\\nage, smallpox broke out among the passengers\\nand the wealthy proprietor of Pennsylvania himself\\nhelped to nurse the sick.\\nHe was received with great rejoicing by the colo-\\nnists. He had already directed that a city should\\nbe begun, which he called Philadelphia, the City\\nof Brotherly Love. Some of the settlers came to\\nPhiladelphia before their homes were ready for\\nthem and while the houses were building, they\\nlived in caves along the banks of the Delaware\\nRiver.\\nOne of Penn s first acts was to meet the Indians\\nand assure them of his love and regard for them, and\\nhis desire that they and the people of Pennsylvania\\nshould always live together as neighbors and friends.\\nOn his visits to the tribes they would give him\\na warm welcome. Once he found the Indians en-\\ngaged in running, jumping, and other sports. He\\nhad been very fond of such games in his youth, and\\nthough he was now nearly forty years old, he was\\nlithe and active so he ran and jumped with the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "William Penn.\\nI 29\\nrest, and actually beat them all, to the great delight\\nof the Indians.\\nHe often met the Indians, and made treaties with\\nthem. Some of these were to show good-will, and\\nsome for the purchase of land. One of these meet-\\nThe Treaty Elm, Philadelphia.\\nrom an old print.\\nings was held under a great elm tree liear Phila-\\ndelphia. William Penn wore a sky-blue sash tied\\naround his waist, but he had no sword or gun, or any-\\nthing more war-like in his hand than a roll of paper.\\nThe Indians, seeing that he was unarmed, threw\\ndown their bows and arrows, and seated themselves\\nK", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "I 30 History of the United States.\\non the ground. Penn then told them that he and his\\nfriends wished to Hve in peace and friendship with\\nthe Indians, that it was not their custom to fight,\\nand so they had come unarmed.\\nThe principal chief of the Indians replied that the\\nIndians and the Ens^lish must live in love as lono- as\\nthe sun and moon should endure. It is said that\\nthe Indians gave Penn a belt of wampum as a mark\\nof friendship. There is a wampum belt in Phila-\\n\\\\\\\\\\\\A.MPUM Belt.\\ndelphia, having on it the figures of two men\\nshaking hands, which was given to Penn on this or a\\nsimilar occasion. Of this treaty, Voltaire, the great\\nFrenchman, said It was never sworn to and\\nnever broken.\\nThere was no trouble between the Indians and\\nthe Pennsylvanians, and not a drop of Quaker blood\\nwas knowingly shed by an Indian. For many years\\nthere was no war of any kind in Pennsylvania.\\nPenn went back to England after two or three\\nyears; in 1699, he returned to Pennsylvania expect-\\ning to end his days in America, but he was forced to\\ngo again to England to protect his rights. He was\\narrested on a false charge of debt, brought by his", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "William Penn.\\nI ^i\\nagent who had cheated him shamefully. Penn, rather\\nthan pay what he knew was unjust, went to prison.\\nHis friends, after a time, secured his release, but his\\nhealth was broken down, and he died in 1718, leav-\\ning a name greatly renowned and respected.\\nThe First Town Hall and Court House, Philadelphla..\\nPennsylvania was so free, and its soil so fertile,\\nthat large numbers of colonists were attracted to it.\\nIt soon became one of the richest and most popu-\\nlous of the colonies.\\nOUTLINE.\\nWilliam Penn, a wealthy young Englishman, joined the\\nQuakers. His father was greatly displeased. William", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "132 History of the United States.\\nPenn inherited large property. To pay him a debt King\\nCharles gave him Pennsylvania. Penn founded a colony\\nwhere justice was to be the law. The colony was to be a\\nrefuge for all the oppressed, but especially for the Quakers.\\nPenn bought land of the Indians, treated them justly, and\\nfor years there was no trouble with the Indians. Penn\\nreturned to England. Pennsylvania became one of the\\nrichest of the colonies.\\nTell the story of William Penn as a young man.\\nHow did he get Pennsylvania\\nWhat did he call his plan of government?\\nWhat great city did he found\\nHow did he treat the Indians?\\nTell the story of the treaty.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "OGLETHORPE AND GEORGIA.\\nThe Cabots had claimed the Atlantic coast of\\nNorth America for England in 1497, but it was not\\nuntil 1607, more than a hundred years later, that\\nJamestown, the first successful English colony, was\\nsettled. It was another\\nhundred years and more,\\nbefore Georgia, the thir-\\nteenth and last English\\ncolony, was established in\\n1733-\\nThe story of this colony\\nis different from that of\\nany of the others. The\\nsettlement was due entirely\\nto one man, General James\\nEdward Oglethorpe. He\\nwas an Englishman who\\nhad seen much of life. He had fouo^ht under the\\ngreat Duke of Marlborough against Louis XIV. of\\nFrance, and had fought against the Turks in his\\nyounger days, he had seen many wonderful adven-\\ntures, but unlike Captain John Smith, he never\\nwished to talk about them.\\nA hundred and fifty years ago it was a very com-\\n^33\\nJames Edward Oglethorpe.\\nAfter the painting by Ravenet.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "1 34 History of the United States.\\nmen thing, both in England and elsewhere, to send\\nto prison one who could not pay his debts. A man\\nmight be imprisoned for owing even a shilling.\\nAnd sometimes a debtor would spend years in prison\\nbecause he could not pay a small sum. There was\\nmuch suffering on account of this hard law.\\nIt happened that one of Oglethorpe s friends was\\nsent to prison for debt, and suffered so much while\\nthere from the poor food, bad air, and hard treat-\\nment, that he died. This called Oglethorpe s\\nattention to the sfreat number of men in debtor s\\nprisons. He found also that those in prison were not\\nthe only sufferers, for their families were deprived\\nof support.\\nHe bes^an to exert himself on behalf of the suffer-\\ners, and after much labor succeeded in getting Par-\\nliament to modify the laws. He was also able to\\nsecure liberty for several hundred debtors. But\\nthis was not all. He knew that many of these\\nunfortunate persons, even if set free, could get no\\nwork in England and the idea came into his mind\\nthat in the New World they could start afresh with\\nsome hope of success.\\nAfter careful thought, he applied to King George\\nfor some land in America to found a colony. The\\nkins granted him a tract of land south of the\\nSavannah River.\\nOglethorpe named the colony Georgia, in honor\\nof the king. It was intended not only for those", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "Oglethorpe and Georgia. 13^\\nwho were unable to pay their debts, but also for\\nthose who were oppressed, and especially for perse-\\ncuted Protestants. Oglethorpe would not take the\\nrule himself, but all power was given to a board of\\ntrustees.\\nMany persons in England were interested in the\\nplan, and gave money to carry it into effect. Ogle-\\nit\\nA View of Savannah, Georgia.\\nFrom a print published in London in 1741, and humbly inscribed to\\nGeneral Oglethorpe.\\nthorpe himself took out over one hundred emi-\\ngrants, who reached Georgia in 1733. Oglethorpe\\nchose the site of the city of Savannah, and laid out\\nIts plan. Like William Penn, he bought the land\\nfrom the Indians, who for a long time remained\\nvery friendly. Once some of the Indians gave\\nOglethorpe a buffalo skin, on the inside of which", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "136 History of the United States.\\nwere painted an eagle s head and some feathers.\\nThe feathers, they said, are soft, and stand for\\nlove and the skin is warm, and means protection\\nso love and protect us.\\nOglethorpe lived a whole year in a tent, doing all\\nthat he could to help the colonists. He would not\\nallow any rum in the colony, nor would he have\\nany slaves.\\nHe knew that industry is necessary for success,\\nand, finding that mulberry trees would grow in\\nGeorgia, he sent to Europe for silk worms, which\\nfeed upon mulberry leaves, hoping that Georgia\\nwould become a great silk-producing country but\\nthe business did not pay very well, and after some\\nyears it was given up.\\nThe Spaniards in Florida were angry because of\\nthe settlement of Georgia, claiming that the colony\\nwas upon Spanish territory and they prepared for\\nwar. Oglethorpe, who was an old soldier, was not\\nafraid of the Spaniards, and defeated them so com-\\npletely that there was no trouble for a long time.\\nThe news that Georgia was a place for the op-\\npressed soon spread over Europe, and Moravians\\nand Lutherans from the Continent, and Highland-\\ners from Scotland, came over to the settlement. The\\ncolony promised well, but some of the laws which\\nOglethorpe and the trustees had made for the bene-\\nfit of the colonists were not popular.\\nTheir neighbors in the Carolinas and in the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "Oglethorpe and Georgia. 137\\nother colonies had slaves, and these colonists wished\\nto have slaves the rum trade also was very profita-\\nble, and they longed for a share in the business.\\nThey did not like the restrictions thrown around\\nthem, and one by one these had to be given up.\\nSlaves were introduced before many years, and the\\nrum trade was beo-un.\\nOne great reason why the colony did not at first\\nprosper was that the colonists were not enterprising\\nmen. Many of them had fallen into trouble in Eng-\\nland and had become debtors because they had not\\nthe knack of getting on in the \\\\vorld and moving\\nto Georgia had not changed their characters.\\nThe trustees, after t\\\\venty years trial, gave up\\ntheir charter to the king, and Georgia became a\\nroyal colony, in its law^s and form of government\\nresembling the other colonies. More emigrants\\ncame, and gradually Georgia entered on a prosper-\\nous career.\\nOglethorpe spent ten years or more in the col-\\nony, and then went back to England. He lived to\\nsee the independence of the United States. Some\\none who saw him in 1784 wrote, Even then he\\nwas the finest figure of a man you ever saw but\\nvery, very old the flesh on his face Hke parchment.\\nHe died the next year, 1785, the last of the original\\nEnglish colonizers and one of the best.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "138 History of the United States.\\nOUTLINE.\\nGeneral Oglethorpe, moved by the hardships of pris-\\noners for debt, founded Georgia. This was the last of the\\nEnglish colonies to be established. He invited the op-\\npressed of all nations. He gained no profit for himself.\\nLaws were made for the good of the people, but they did\\nnot like them. The colony was not prosperous for a long\\ntime.\\nTell the story of Oglethorpe.\\nWhat suggested to him the founding of a colony?\\nWhom did he invite to his colony?\\nWhat was it called?\\nWhy was it not successful?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "LIFE IN NEW ENGLAND AND THE MIDDLE\\nCOLONIES BEFORE THE REVOLUTION.\\nThe colonists in New England had come from\\nEngland expecting to work, and they brought up\\ntheir children in the same way of thinking. No\\nidle persons were tolerated.\\nIn the early days, there was continual fear of the\\nIndians in many parts of the country, and constant\\nwatch had to be kept for these dreaded foes. This\\nfear led the people to live very much in villages,\\nrather than on plantations as in Virginia, or on large\\nfarms as in Pennsylvania.\\nThe attention of the colonists was early turned\\nto the sea, as the soil of New England is rocky and\\nnot very fertile. Soon there were no better sailors\\nin the world than those of New England. Their\\nvessels went to the banks of Newfoundland for\\ncodfish, and, besides this, a large and very profit-\\nable trade sprang up with the West Indies. The\\nvessels took fish, lumber, and flour, and brought\\nback sugar, and especially molasses, out of which\\nrum was made.\\nThe life of the people was simple and often severe.\\nThis was shown most in their reliction. We have\\nseen how the old Puritans were unwilling for others\\n139", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "140 History of the United States.\\nto act or even to think differently from them in re-\\ngard to reHgious matters. This led the ministers\\nand the magistrates to persecute the Quakers and\\nothers. Rhode Island alone of the New England\\ncolonies never persecuted men on account of their\\nreligion.\\nFemale Costumes of 1776.\\nThe minister, particularly in the earlier days, was\\nthe most important man in the community. The\\nchurches, or meeting-houses, as they called them,\\nwere built usually of wood, with lofty pulpits and\\nhigh-back pews. The meeting-house was not heated\\nin winter, and to keep warm the church-goers carried\\nfrom home hot stones or bricks, and, in later times,\\nsmall foot-stoves. Sermons were often two hours\\nlong. The hymns and psalms were given out by the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "Life in New England,\\n141\\nminister or clerk, line by line, and sung by the whole\\ncongregation. It was the duty of the tithing-man\\nto keep order in the meeting-house, and if boys and\\ngirls went to sleep or misbehaved in meeting, they\\nwould feel the rap of his stick on their heads. Men\\nA Dame School.\\nand women, if they fell asleep, were also waked up;\\nthe men, by the tap of one end of the stick, and the\\nwomen, by the tickling of their faces with a fox-\\ntail, which hung from the other end of the stick.\\nFines for misconduct in church were common, and", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "142 History of the United States.\\nYale College in\\nwe are told of one girl who was fined five shillings\\nfor laughing in meeting.\\nThe value in which education was held is shown\\nby the founding of Harvard College in 1636 and\\n1 701. In most of the colonies\\nchildren were\\nTimetixi^^om^U compelled to go\\nBoth great and fmail; to school. The\\nearly school-\\nITfitfi^ jbcautcousVyife house, however,\\nMade D ivrrf feck ms ^^5 ^^^^_\\nLife.\\nWjahf in the Sea\\nGod s Voice obey.\\nent from most of\\nthose of to-day.\\nThere were no\\ndesks, and low\\nbacks were the\\ndie,\\nAnd to mutt you 8^ Ir\\nonly seats oiled\\npaper was used\\nin the windows\\ninstead of glass,\\nand everything\\nwas of the rud-\\nest description.\\nAny noise or\\ndisorder was\\nseverely punished, and the schoolmaster was almost\\nas much feared as the minister. The school books\\nwere few the master or mistress set copies to teach\\nTouib forward IlJps\\nDeath loonell -Dips.\\nZacbeus he\\nDid climb tfic Tree\\nHi^^ Lord to fee.\\nFac-simile of a Page from the New\\nEngland Primer.\\nBy permission of Dodd, Mead Co.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "Life in New England.\\nH3\\nwriting, and examples in arithmetic to be worked out.\\nFor about a hundred years, the New England\\nPrimer was the chief text-book. From this little\\nbook the boys and girls were taught their letters and\\nhow to spell and from it they learned Bible texts\\nand hymns to repeat aloud. It had queer pictures,\\nwith verses intended to teach some useful lesson.\\nLitde besides reading, writing, and arithmetic was\\ntaught. It was another duty of the tithing-man to\\nhunt up truants and bring them to school.\\nThe dwelling-houses were generally built of wood.\\nThe most important room was the kitchen in\\nwinter this was the only warm room in the house.\\nIn the kitchen was a yawning fireplace, large enough\\nto take in logs four\\nor five feet long. In\\nthe fireplace was the\\ncrane, from which\\nhung pot-hooks and\\nhangers to support the\\npots and kettles over\\nthe fire. Around the\\nhearth, during the long\\nwinter evenings, was\\ngathered the family, the women spinning or weaving\\nor knitting, while the men rested after the day s work.\\nOne or two tallow-dip candles gave all the light\\nexcept that which came from the fire. A tall clock\\nticked in one corner; by it was a brass warming-pan\\nTinder Box, Flint, and Steel.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "144 History of the United States.\\nwith a long handle a weatherwise almanac hung\\nfrom a peg; bunches of herbs, to be used in times\\nof sickness, and strings of dried apples, dangled from\\nthe ceiling; a tall dresser, with rows of plates and\\npewter platters, was on one side of the room, while\\nwooden-seated chairs, a settle in the corner, and one\\nA New England Kitchen.\\nor two tables completed the furniture. There were\\nno matches instead of them, a tinder-box, flint, and\\nsteel were used to strike a liorht.\\nLife was not without amusement, for there were\\napple-paring and quilting bees, corn-huskings,\\nhouse and barn raisings, and various gatherings", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "Life in New England.\\n145\\nat which the young men and young women and\\nthe boys and girls had much fun. The great day\\nof the year was Thanksgiving Day, for Christmas\\nwas not then observed in New England. Wed-\\ndings and funerals were very great occasions, and\\nold and young from all the country round would\\ncome to attend them.\\nThere were, of course, many fine mansions in\\nNew England, and many persons lived in hand-\\nsome style, but\\nthe general way\\nof living was\\nmuch simpler\\nthan in the other\\ncolonies.\\nIn New York\\nthere were many\\nthings w h i c h\\nshowed the influ-\\nence of the\\nDutch. The pa-\\ntroons along the\\nHudson River,\\nwith their\\nmanor-houses and their extensive farms, lived like\\nnoblemen. Their houses were large and finely orna-\\nmented the mantelpieces were carved and the fire-\\nplaces surrounded with tiles. There was usually a\\nlarge garden, carefully laid out with edges of box,\\nA Spinning Wheel.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "146 History of the United States.\\nand beds full of bright flowers. The lands of these\\npatroons were well cultivated, large herds of cattle\\nwere in the fields, and great crops of hay, straw,\\nand other produce filled their barns.\\nThe smaller Dutch farmers and their descendants\\nwere industrious and thrifty their houses were\\nmodels of neatness, and there were no better cooks\\nCoNESTOGA Wagon.\\nin America. They took life more easily than the New\\nEnglanders, and gave more time to amusements.\\nPennsylvania, settled by the Quakers and Ger-\\nmans, was perhaps the most prosperous of the\\ncolonies. Here were large farms of fertile and well-\\ncultivated land. The establishments of the Friends\\nwere neat and well taken care of; the farms of the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "Life in New England. 147\\nGermans were easily recognized by the huge, well-\\nappointed barns and the small farm-houses. The\\nthrifty German knew that well-housed and well-\\nfed cattle give more milk, weigh heavier, and are\\nmore profitable in every way. Wheat and corn,\\nstraw and hay, went further and sold better when\\nkept from the weather so the barns were large,\\nwell built, and kept in good repair. Here, too,\\ncould be seen the Conestoga wagon, with its large\\nbody shaped somewhat like a boat, the back\\nand front rising far above the axles, while the\\nwhole wagon was covered with coarse cotton cloth\\nstretched over bent supports and gathered together\\nat each end.\\nThe roads in all the colonies were bad. It took\\na long time to go from place to place so every-\\nthing possible was made at home. Each village\\nhad its blacksmith and its wheelwright, and mills\\nfor grinding grain were placed on the nearest\\nstream which had fall enough to give the necessary\\npower. Where there were no suitable streams, as\\non Cape Cod, the island of Nantucket, and else-\\nwhere, quaint windmills were built, some of which\\nare still standing.\\nWhen possible, travellers went by water or on\\nhorseback. Those who went by coach frequently\\nhad to get down and drag the coach out of some\\nquagmire. In many places a ride of thirty miles was\\nconsidered a good day s journey. The fast coach,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "148 History of the United States.\\nknown as the Flying Machine, was advertised to\\nmake the journey of ninety miles between New\\nYork and Philadelphia in two days while it took\\nfive days to go the hundred miles between Phila-\\ndelphia and Baltimore, and six days to go from\\nBoston to New York.\\nIn many parts of\\nthe country there was\\nno mail at all, and the\\nfew letters which were\\nwritten were sent by\\nprivate hands. In\\n1775, it was thought\\na ereat convenience\\nTo the PUBLIC.\\nTHE FLYING MACHINE, kept Dy\\nJohn Mercereau, at the New Blazing-Star-Feny,\\nnear New- York, fets off from Powles Hook every Mon-\\nday, Wednefday, and Friday Mornings, for Philadelphia,\\nand performs the Journey in a Day and a Half, for the\\nSummer Seafon, till the iflof November from that Time\\nto go twice a Week till the firft of May, when they\\nagain perform it three Times a Week. When the Stages\\nJhe Price foreach Ps^enger i Twenfy Shillings, Proc and\\noods as ufual. PafTengers going P rt of the Way to pay\\nin Proportion.\\nAs the Propnetor has made fuch Improvements upon\\nthe Machines, one of which is in Imitation oF aCoach,\\nhe hopes to merit the Favour of the Publick.\\nJOHN MERCEREAV.\\nFlying Machine\\nAdvertisement.\\n00 only twice aWeek, they fet off Mondays and Thurf- i_1_ 11 !1\\ndays. The Waggons in Philadelphia fet o\u00c2\u00abt from the tO liaVC a WCeKly ITiail\\nSign of the George, in Second ftreet, the fame Morning. t-\u00c2\u00bb i\\nThePafTengersaredenredtocrorsthe Ferry (he Evening hPtwPPn HostOH TWXH\\nbefore, as the Stages mu ft fet off early the next Morning. UCLV\\\\CC11 JJU:5UU11 clllH\\nPhiladelphia, and to\\nreceive answers to\\nletters from either city\\nwithin three weeks.\\nLife in the southern\\ncolonies was quite different from that farther north.\\nThis was due partly to the character of the country,\\npartly to the people, and partly to the number of\\nnegro slaves. Some of the more prominent cir-\\ncumstances of southern life are noted in the chapter\\non Washington.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "Life in New England. 149\\nOUTLINE.\\nThe colonists in New England came to make homes.\\nThere was great dread of the Indians. The soil being\\npoor, many of the colonists became seamen, and commerce\\nsprang up. The life of the people was simple, and often\\nsevere. The minister was the most important man. Church\\nservices were held in high esteem. Education was valued.\\nHarvard College was founded 1636, and Yale College 1701.\\nOnly the elements of learning were taught in the schools.\\nDwelling-houses were usually built of wood.\\nIn New York the influence of the Dutch was seen. The\\npatroons lived hke noblemen. The Dutch were good\\nfarmers, and were very industrious and thrifty.\\nPennsylvania was perhaps the most prosperous of all\\nthe colonies. Roads in all the colonies were bad. It took\\na long time to go from place to place. In many parts of\\nthe country there were no mails.\\nWhy did many of the New England colonists become sailors?\\nDescribe the meeting-houses and the services.\\nWhat was done if any one misbehaved\\nDescribe the schools.\\nTell about the dwelling-houses and their furniture.\\nTell about life in New York in Pennsylvania.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "BENJAMIN FRANKLIN.\\nFranklin s Birthplace.\\nBenjamin Franklin, the youngest son of his\\nparents, and of seventeen children the fifteenth, was\\nborn in Boston, Massachusetts,\\nJanuary 17, 1706. Josiah\\nFrankHn, his father, was stern,\\nand very independent and un-\\nvieldino: in his character.\\nWhen Benjamin was ten\\nvears old, he was taken from\\nschool, and put to work in his\\nfather s shop, where soap and\\ntallow candles were made. It\\nwas the boy s business to help in the boiling of the\\nsoap, to put the wicks in the candle-moulds, and to\\ntrim them. When not at work he used to play\\nabout the wharves of Boston, which were near his\\nfather s house, and he early learned to swim like\\na duck and to row a boat, and he came to think\\nit would be a fine thinor to q^o to sea.\\nBenjamin disliked his work so much that his\\nfather, fearing his son would run away, looked\\naround to find some other trade for him. Taking\\nhis son to walk with him, he visited joiners, braziers,\\n150", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "Benjamin Franklin.\\n151\\nbricklayers, and turners at their work, to see if\\nBenjamin would be attracted to one of these trades.\\nBut the boy did not like any of them.\\nFrom the time he could read, young Benjamin\\nliad been very fond of books, and his father thought\\nBenjamin Franklin.\\nAfter the portrait by Duplessis, painted in 1783.\\nthat he might make a good printer. Now James\\nFranklin, one of Benjamin s older brothers, had a\\nprinting-office, and to his brother James, one of the\\nfirst printers in America, the lad was apprenticed.\\nSo the boy had left school, had tried one trade,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "152 History of the United States.\\nand had started in another, before he was thirteen\\nyears old. Benjamin Hked his new business very\\nmuch, and soon became an expert printer.\\nHe now could see much of books, for his brother\\ndealt with booksellers, and Benjamin was able to\\nborrow many volumes, all of which he read eagerly,\\nsometimes sitting up most of the night in order to\\nfinish one. All the money he was able to spare he\\nspent on books.\\nHe begged his brother to give him half of what\\nhis board cost, and to let him board himself. His\\nbrother agreed to this. Benjamin now lived on the\\nsimplest diet, eating no meat at all. While the\\nother printers were taking their time over their\\ndinner, he was reading.\\nHe secretly wrote articles for the newspaper\\nprinted by his brother, and slipped his essays, writ-\\nten in a disguised hand, under the door of the shop.\\nNobody suspected that the boy had written these\\nessays, but they were good enough to print, and\\nthey were printed.\\nHe was greatly amused to hear his brother talk-\\ning about these articles, and wondering who could\\nhave written them. When James Franklin found\\nout who was the author, he was both angry and\\njealous. Benjamin was now and then flogged by\\nhis brother, for a master had great power over his\\napprentices in those days.\\nOne day James Franklin published something in", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "Benjamin Franklin. 153\\nhis paper which displeased the government so much\\nthat he was put into prison. Now, no apprentice\\nwas allowed to carry on a business, and yet James\\nFranklin wished Benjamin to carry on the paper,\\nfor otherwise it would be stopped. So Benjamin\\nwas released from his apprenticeship, and the paper\\nwas published in his name. The youth of sixteen\\nhad actually become a newspaper publisher.\\nWhen James Franklin was released from prison\\nhe took up his business again, but the brothers did\\nnot get on together any better than before, and Ben-\\njamin determined to leave his brother s employ.\\nFinding that he could not get any work in Bos-\\nton, Benjamin made up his mind to run away. He\\nwent on board a sloop bound for New York, where\\nhe hoped to find employment. After a voyage of\\nthree days he reached that town, but was unsuccess-\\nful in finding work, and was advised to go on to\\nPhiladelphia.\\nHe took passage on a sloop to Amboy. The\\nweather was very stormy, and Franklin got thoroughly\\nwet. On reaching Amboy he started to walk across\\nNew Jersey. It was raining, and soon his clo.thes\\nwere spattered over with mud, so that he was a\\nmost sorry-looking figure. But he persevered, and\\non the third day reached Burlington. Here he\\nsecured a place on a boat going to Philadelphia.\\nIt was night before that town was reached, and\\nthere were so few lights that the crew rowed past it", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "154 History of the United States.\\nbefore they were aware. They went ashore, and\\nmaking a fire of some fence rails, spent the night on\\nthe ground.\\nIn the morning they rowed back to Philadelphia,\\nand landed at the foot of Market Street. Franklin\\nwas without luggage, and he set foot in Phila-\\ndelphia in muddy clothes and with his pockets\\nstuffed out with stockings and shirts.\\nHe inquired for a baker s shop. When he found\\none, he asked for three pennyworth of bread. He\\ngave me, says Franklin, three great puffy rolls. I\\nwas surprised at the quantity, but took it, and, having\\nno room in my pockets, walked off with a roll under\\neach arm and eating the other. Thus I went up\\nMarket Street as far as Fourth Street, passing by\\nthe door of Mr. Read, my future wife s father when\\nshe, standing at the door, saw me, and thought I\\nmade, as I certainly did, a most awkward, ridiculous\\nappearance.\\nAfter eating his roll, he washed it down with a\\ndraught of water from the river. The other two\\nrolls he gave to a woman.\\nHe was tired and sleepy, and followed a number\\nof persons into what proved to be a Quaker meet-\\ning-house, for it was Sunday morning. It happened\\nthat no one preached that day, and Franklin, soothed\\nby the quiet, went to sleep, and w^as wakened only\\nby the Friends going out. This, he says, was\\nthe first house I was in, or slept in, in Philadelphia.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "Benjamin Franklin. 155\\nFranklin soon found employment with a printer\\nnamed Keimer. There were only two printers in\\nPhiladelphia in 1723, the year of Franklin s arrival,\\nand neither was a good workman. Franklin s superior\\nskill soon attracted notice, for Philadelphia was then\\na small place.\\nOne day Keimer was greatly surprised and\\npleased to see Sir William Keith, the governor of\\nPennsylvania, come into his office. However, it\\nwas not Keimer but young Franklin that the gov-\\nernor wished to see.\\nThe governor was much pleased with Franklin,\\nand took him home to dinner; he even proposed\\nthat the young man should set up in business for\\nhimself, promising to give him the government\\nprinting. But Franklin had no money to buy type\\nand presses, and he did not believe that his father\\nwould help him. The governor said He wall, if I\\nwrite him a letter. It seemed too good a chance\\nto throw away, so Benjamin went back to Boston\\nto see his father.\\nFranklin had been remarkably successful. He\\nhad been frugal and industrious, and he presented\\na very different appearance from that of the runaway\\nyouth of the previous year. I had on, he says, a\\ngenteel new suit from head to foot, a watch, and\\nmy pockets lined with near five pounds sterling in\\nSliver.\\nThe old Puritan father had no confidence in the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "156 History of the United States.\\npromises of the governor, nor did he think well of\\nsetting a boy up in business, who wanted yet\\nthree years of being at man s estate. So Benja-\\nmin got little besides good advice.\\nOn his return to Philadelphia, the governor said,\\nSince your father will not set you up, I will do it\\nmyself. He advised Franklin to go to London\\nto buy his types and press, and promised to give\\nhim letters of introduction and money drafts.\\nBut the governor put off giving the letters and\\ndrafts from day to day, until the very day of sail-\\ning came then he promised that he would send\\nthem on board at Newcastle. At the last moment,\\na messenger from the governor did come with a\\npackage, and the vessel set sail. When the pack-\\nage was opened on the voyage, nothing was found\\nfor Franklin. Governor Keith had cheated the\\nyoung man.\\nFranklin found employment in London, at wages\\nmore than enough to support him. His fellow-\\nprinters were great beer drinkers. Franklin drank\\nnothing but water, and though he was ridiculed and\\ncalled the water American, he persevered in his\\npractice, and proved that he was stronger than\\nthose who drank so much beer.\\nHis fondness for reading did not lessen, and he\\nnow paid a second-hand bookseller for the privi-\\nlege of reading books from his stall.\\nFranklin did not like England very much so", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "Benjamin Franklin.\\n157\\nwhen, after a stay of eighteen months, he had an\\nopportunity to return, he gladly came back to Amer-\\nica. He reached Philadelphia in October, 1756, and\\nfound work with his old employer, Keimer. After\\na while, the father of one of his companions in the\\nprinting-office set up his son and Franklin in busi-\\nness together.\\nFranklin was skilful,\\nindustrious, and a good\\nmanager; but his partner\\ntook to drinking, and\\nsoon the business fell\\nlargely into Franklin s\\nhands. Some of his\\nfriends, seeing his thrift\\nand industry, lent him\\nmoney to buy out his\\npartner, and Franklin\\nhad now a printing-house\\nof his own.\\nBefore this, the young\\nmen had bought a news-\\npaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette, Franklin im-\\nproved the paper so much that its circulation was\\ngreatly increased. He was one of the first pub-\\nlishers to encourage frequent advertising.\\nHe was shrewd as well as industrious. He says:\\nFranklin s Printing Press.\\nIn the custody of the Smithsonian Institute.\\nThis paper still exists it is now called the Saturday Evening\\nPost.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "158 History of the United States.\\nanaHSf\\nIn order to secure my credit and character as a\\ntradesman, I took care not only to be in reahty\\nindustrious and frugal, but to avoid all appearances\\nto the contrary. I dressed plainly I was seen at\\nno places of idle diversion I never went out a-fish-\\ning or shooting and, to show that I was not above\\nmy business, I sometimes brought home the paper\\nI purchased at the stores,\\nthrough the streets on a\\nwheelbarrow.\\nHe paid all his bills\\npromptly, a practice which\\ngained for him a well-\\ndeserved reputation for in-\\ndustry and frugality. He\\ndid his work well, and he\\nsoon had all the business\\nhe could attend to.\\nIn 1730, he married Deb-\\norah Read, the young\\nlady who had laughed at him on his first entrance\\ninto Philadelphia. The marriage was a congenial\\none, and they lived together more than forty years.\\nDeborah Franklin was a true helper to her hus-\\nband. She folded and stitched the pamphlets,\\nattended to the stationery shop, and did all the\\nhousework.\\nFranklin s marriage steadied him, for, notwith-\\nstanding his good sense and general industry, he\\nmir\\nF RANKLiN s Old Book Shop in\\nPhiladelphia.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "Benjamin Franklin. 159\\nwould now and then give way to temptations of\\nvarious kinds. But he was continually trying to\\nimprove, and was always ready to help other per-\\nsons by giving good advice, if he could do no\\nmore.\\nHe knew that every household had an almanac,\\nand he resolved to publish one better than any\\nthat had appeared. In 1732, when he was twenty-\\nsix years old, he issued the first copy of Poor\\nRichard s Almanac, which continued to be pub-\\nlished annually for twenty-five years.\\nThe almanac professed to be edited by one Rich-\\nard Saunders, but every one knew that Benjamin\\nFranklin was the real editor. It did not differ\\nmuch in plan from other almanacs except that every\\nnumber had wise sayings scattered throughout the\\ncalendar.\\nThese sayings were full of homely wisdom, and\\nwere such as to encourage thrift and industry.\\nMany of them have become proverbs, and it is\\nimpossible to tell how much influence they have had\\nupon the American people.\\nHere are some of these wise and witty sayings\\nIt is hard for an empty bag to stand upright.\\nGod helps them that help themselves. Three\\nremoves are as bad as a fire. One to-day is\\nworth two to-morrows.\\nEarly to bed and early to rise\\nMakes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "i6o History of the United States.\\nAs Franklin continued to prosper in his own\\naffairs he began to think of the pubHc welfare^\\nand the improvements he suggested or set on foot\\nare ahiiost numberless. He succeeded in having\\nthe streets of Philadelphia paved he organized the\\nfirst fire company to put out fires he started the\\nPhiladelphia Library, the first public library in\\nAmerica, and it is still\\nflourishing he started\\nalso the American Philo-\\nsophical Society.\\nWood was the fuel in\\ngeneral use in Franklin s\\ntime and there was great\\nwaste in burning it in\\nthe wide, open fireplaces\\nthen common in the\\nhouses. To lessen this\\nwaste, Franklin invented\\nwhat he called the Pennsylvania Fireplace. This\\ninvention was a successful one, and the Franklin\\nfireplace, as it is now called, is still used.\\nTo show the benefit of mineral fertilizers, he\\nwrote in a field on the roadside, in large, broad\\nletters, with powdered plaster of Paris, This has\\nbeen plastered, and soon the brilliant green of the\\nletters carried the lesson to every passer-by.\\nThe scientific world was much interested in elec-\\ntricity, but nobody knew very much about it. A\\nFranklin s Model of the Pennsyl-\\nvania Fireplace.\\nNow owned by the American Philosophical\\nSociety.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "Benjamin Franklin. i6i\\nfriend in London sent Franklin some apparatus,\\nwith which he experimented a great deal and, as\\nhis custom was, he carefully noted down everything\\nhe observed.\\nHe became sure that lightning and electricity\\nare similar, and that thunder clouds are full of elec-\\ntricity. To prove that his opinion was correct, he\\nmade a kite out of a silk handkerchief, and put a\\npiece of sharpened wire on the top of the kite.\\nThe string of the kite was hemp, except where he\\nheld it, and that part was silk. At the end of the\\nstring was an iron key.\\nHe felt sure that, if lightning and electricity were\\nthe same thing, the iron wire would attract the elec-\\ntricity, which would then come down the string, and\\nif he touched the key there would be a spark, and\\na shock of electricity.\\nHe was so fearful that his experiment would fail,\\nthat he took with him only his son, a young man\\nof twenty-two, and chose the night-time for his\\nexperiment. He flew the kite, some thunder\\nclouds passed over it, and he touched the key, but\\nthere was no spark. Just as he was beginning to\\ndoubt his success, he saw the fibres of the string\\nrise up again he touched the key with his hand\\nhe now saw a spark and received a shock. He\\npresently drew in his kite and went into the house,\\nsatisfied that he had proved his case.\\nFranklin^gained world-wide fame as a philosopher.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "1 62 History of the United States.\\nYale and Harvard gave him the degree of master\\nof arts he was elected a member of the Royal\\nSociety in London, and later, three universities in\\nGreat Britain gave him the honorary degree of doc-\\ntor of laws, so that he was thenceforth known as\\nDr. Franklin.\\nHe had been so successful in his business that\\nhe practically retired at the age of forty-two, in-\\ntending to devote himself to study and research\\nbut he was so useful a man that his fellow-citizens\\nwould not allow him to remain in retirement. For\\nmore than forty years longer, until old age pre-\\nvented, he was continuously in the service of his\\ncountry.\\nHe was a member of the leo^islature he was\\nsent to treat with the Indians he was made post-\\nmaster-general of the colonies. When trouble\\nbegan between France and England, he was sent\\nto a convention at Albany, in 1754, and there pro-\\nposed a plan for the union of all the colonies in\\nAmerica.\\nWhen the province of Pennsylvania needed\\nsomebody to look after her interests in England,\\nFranklin was selected, and remained in England\\nfive years. He had been at home scarcely two years\\nwhen he was sent a second time, and remained\\nnearly seven years.\\nEngland had fought with France in the New\\nWorld and had conquered, gaining all Canada. Eng-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "Benjamin Franklin. 163\\nland having found out during the conflict how rich\\nand how strong the colonies had become, resolved\\nto tax them. The money raised by taxation was\\nto be spent in America for the benefit of the colonies,\\nbut the Americans objected to paying taxes which\\nthey had no voice in imposing.\\nFranklin did all that he could to prevent the pas-\\nsage of the Stamp Act, in 1765. After it was\\npassed, he hastened its repeal by testifying to the\\ndetermination of his countrymen never to pay the\\ntax.\\nFranklin returned home; and the day after his\\narrival he was unanimously elected a member of\\nthe Continental Congress. He was on all the im-\\nportant committees. He helped to draw up the\\nDeclaration of Independence, and signed it.\\nThe United States greatly desired to get some of\\nthe European countries to help them in their strug-\\ngle against England. What one of these would be\\nmore likely to give aid than France, England s tra-\\nditional enemy, that had so lately been compelled\\nto surrender Canada?\\nWho could be more suitable to send than Dr.\\nFranklin? Everybody had heard of him; he had\\nlived a number of years in England, and knew\\nthe English well, while no one knew the Americans\\nbetter. Few could speak more intelligently on\\nthe subject than he. So, at the age of seventy, a\\nperiod of life when many men would have excused", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "J 64 History of the United States.\\nthemselves, he went abroad again in behalf of his\\ncountry.\\nIn nothing did Franklin show his good sense\\nmore than in the simplicity of his dress and man-\\nners. It was the fashion to wear very showy clothes\\nhe wore a brown suit, simply made it was the cus-\\ntom for gentlemen to wear wigs Franklin wore no\\nwig, but appeared in his own gray hair most gen-\\ntlemen wore swords Franklin wore no sword, and\\nhis only weapon was a walking-stick.\\nHe was enthusiastically received by the French\\npeople, and, later, by the French government, in\\ntime he was able to persuade France to send money\\nto America. He helped to make a treaty in which\\nFrance recognized the United States as an inde-\\npendent power, and promised to send men and ships\\nto aid the new nation.\\nIt is impossible to over-estimate the services of\\nFranklin to the United States at this period. When\\nthe war came to an end, he was one of the three\\nmen who arranged the treaty with England in which\\nthe independence of the colonies was acknowl-\\nedged.\\nAt last Franklin, now an old man in his eightieth\\nyear, was released from public service. He suffered\\nmuch from gout and other ailments. When the\\nking of France learned that it was painful to Frank-\\nlin to ride in a carriage, the monarch sent one of the\\nqueen s litters, in which the old doctor was carried,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "Beniamin Franklin.\\n65\\nby easy stages, to the seaport where he was to em-\\nbark. The king gave him his miniature portrait,\\nsurrounded with four hundred diamonds.\\nFranklin s Grave.\\nA great crowd welcomed Franklin on his return\\nto Philadelphia. His health was much improved by\\nthe sea voyage and now the citizens of Pennsylvania", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "1 66 History of the United States.\\nelected him president of the state. He was re-\\nelected twice, and he would have been chosen for\\nthe office a fourth time had he not positively refused\\nto be a candidate.\\nHis last public service was as a member of the\\nconvention which prepared the Constitution of the\\nUnited States. He lived to see Washinoton Presi-\\ndent, and the new government in successful opera-\\ntion. He died in 1790, and it is said that twenty\\nthousand persons were at his funeral. He is buried,\\nby the side of his wife, in the old churchyard, on\\nthe corner of Fifth and Arch streets, Philadelphia.\\nA simple, flat stone marks their resting-place.\\nOUTLINE.\\nBenjamin Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts,\\n1706. He was taken from school when he was ten years\\nold and put in his father s soap and candle shop. He was\\napprenticed to his brother, a printer, and became an excel-\\nlent printer. He ran away and went to Philadelphia. He\\nentered a printing-office. Went to London. Returned to\\nPhiladelphia. Was thrifty and industrious. Did much\\nfor the public welfare. Became one of the foremost\\ncitizens of America. Helped to draw up the Declara-\\ntion of Independence. Was sent to represent the\\nUnited States at Paris. Discovered that electricity and\\nlightning were the same. He was of great service to his\\ncountry.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "Benjamin Franklin. 167\\nTell the story of Franklin s youth; how he ran away from\\nBoston.\\nTell the story of his journey to Philadelphia, and his arrival.\\nTell the story of his early years in Philadelphia.\\nTell how he gained a reputation for industry.\\nDescribe Poor Richard s Almanac.\\nWhat did he do for Philadelphia?\\nTell the story of his kite experiment.\\nTell how he served his state and country.\\nTell about his service in France.\\nGive an account of his later years.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "GEORGE WASHINGTON. THE FRENCH AND\\nINDIAN WAR.\\nGeorge Washington was born at Bridge s Creek,\\nin Westmoreland County, Virginia, on the 2 2d\\nof February, 1732. Augustine Washington, his\\nfather, was an old-time Virginia planter, and Hved\\nin an old-time Virginia house. The house was a\\nBirthplace of Washington.\\nThe house is no longer standing; its site is marked by a monument.\\nwooden one. It had four rooms on the ground\\nfloor, and an attic with a long, sloping roof; and\\nthere was a huge brick chimney at each end.\\nThis house was burned down when George was\\nabout three years old, and the family moved to\\n168", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "George Washington. 169\\nanother plantation on the Rappahannock River,\\nnearly opposite Fredericksburg. Here the youth-\\nful days of Washington were passed, and here, when\\nhe was about eleven years old, the father died, leav-\\ning his young family to the care of his widow,\\nMary Washington. She was an able, sensible, strong-\\nwilled woman, and admirably fulfilled her trust.\\nIn the Virginia of those days, the roads w^ere few\\nand bad. Most of the inhabitants lived near the\\nrivers, and for travelling used boats, or rode horse-\\nback.\\nThere were no stage-coaches or other means for\\npublic travel. The inns were few and uncomforta-\\nble, but the planters were so hospitable that a\\nrespectable traveller could always count on a warm\\nwelcome in some private house in return for his\\nentertainment, the hosts would count themselves\\nfavored in being able to learn the news.\\nSuch visitors were all the more welcome because\\nthe mail came only once in two weeks from the\\nNorth, and was sent but once a month to the South.\\nThere was no newspaper published in Virginia till\\nfour years after Washington was born.\\nThe life of a Virginia planter was, in many ways,\\nthe life of an English nobleman. He was lord of\\nlarge estates in the centre, or perhaps near the\\nriver, was his mansion. Close by it were the various\\nout-buildings, the stables, and the negro quarters,\\nwhich looked like a little village. Surrounding this", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "170 History of the United States.\\ngroup of buildings were broad acres of grain, pas-\\ntures, meadow lands, and large fields of tobacco.\\nAlmost every plantation bordered on a river and\\nhad a landing or wharf. Here the vessels from\\nother parts of the colony and from different places\\nin America, but more often from England, would\\ncome for tobacco, the great staple export of Vir-\\n-m^\\nrii( yif^^^i. T\\\\^^\u00e2\u0082\u00ac(^ ^^fcl\\nA Southern Homestead.\\nFrom a photograph.\\nginia. These vessels would bring for exchange\\nhousehold goods and supplies of all kinds. The\\narrival of such a vessel was a great event to those\\nwho lived on a plantation.\\nThe negro slaves formed fully half the popula-\\ntion, and were, on the whole, kindly treated there\\nwere white servants also, who, in order to come to\\nthe New World, had sold themselves for a term of\\nyears. Others among the white servants were con-\\nvicts, banished from England by the authorities.\\nThere were in the colony a few traders, as well", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "George Washington. 171\\nas some small farmers, whose great ambition was\\nto become large planters. The economical working-\\nman of New England and the thrifty mechanic of\\nthe Middle Colonies were almost unknown in Vir-\\nginia, and in the other southern colonies. Each\\nlarge planter had his own mechanics, the most intel-\\nligent negro men being trained as blacksmiths, car-\\npenters, masons, etc. There were very few schools,\\nhardly any, in fact, deserving the name, and the Col-\\nlege of William and Mary at Williamsburg, founded\\nin 1692, had not prospered. The sons of the rich\\nplanters were taught by the clergymen of the par-\\nish, or by a tutor in the family, and were often sent\\nto England and educated at the great schools and\\nuniversities there.\\nIndeed, with almost no commerce, little trade\\nexcept in tobacco, and little legal business, there\\nwas not much demand for education knowledge\\nof men and things was considered of more value\\nthan knowledge of books. The Virginian of the\\nupper class was a hearty, athletic, independent\\nman.\\nSuch a man, of course, could have no spur to lit-\\nerary ambition the distinction he sought was that\\nwhich came from serving in war or in politics.\\nThe rich planters had much time on their hands,\\nand many of them devoted their leisure to fishing,\\nfox-hunting, horse-racing, and cock-fighting.\\nIt was fortunate for Washington that he w^as a", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "172 History of the United States.\\nyounger son, and that he was in moderate circum-\\nstances during the early years of his hfe.\\nHe early went to an old-field school, taught by\\nthe sexton of the parish, a man by the name of\\nHobby. Washington, after his father s death, went\\nto live with his half-brother, Augustine, so that he\\nmight go to a better school. He was taught no\\nother language than English, but his instruction in\\narithmetic, geometry, and surveying was excellent.\\nHe was a good student, and at the same time an\\nactive, strong boy, fond of athletic games and very\\nsuccessful in them.\\nWhile at school he had a great longing to go to\\nsea. He had often seen the ships with their cargoes\\nof foreign goods at the riverside, and had watched\\nthem while they were being loaded with tobacco for\\nEngland, and he thought that life on shipboard\\nwould be a fine thino-. His mother had almost\\no\\nyielded to his wish, but her brother advised so\\nstrongly against the plan that it was given up, and\\nGeorge returned to school.\\nHe was a thoughtful lad. Before he was fifteen\\nyears old he had copied out, in round and boyish\\nbut beautifully regular handwriting, over one hun-\\ndred rules in regard to behavior and good morals.\\nThere is no doubt that he tried to follow many of\\nthem. The chief thought that runs through all\\n1 Schoolhouses were often built in fields which were so worn out by\\ncontinual crops that nothing could be grown in them.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "George Washington.\\n173\\nthese rules is to practise self-control, and, from what\\nwe know of the boy and man, few have been more\\nsuccessful in the practice of this virtue.\\nHe left school at fifteen, and went to live with\\nhis eldest half-brother, Lawrence, who had built a\\nfine house on high ground overlooking the Potomac\\nRiver. Lawrence had named the estate Mount\\nMount Vernon,\\nVernon, after the English admiral under whom\\nhe had served in Europe.\\nLawrence Washington, the elder by fourteen\\nyears, became warmly attached to his young brother.\\nLawrence had married into the Fairfax family.\\nLord Fairfax, who had inherited immense estates\\nin Virginia, came to live in the colony. He was\\nnow about sixty years old. He w^as a w^ell-educated\\nman, had seen much of the world, was a keen ob-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "174 History of the United States.\\nserver, and altogether was a fine specimen of an\\nEnglish nobleman. He, too, became very fond of\\nthe earnest, active, thoughtful boy, and soon had\\nthe opportunity to be of great service to him.\\nNothino- shows us the real Geors^e Washine-\\nton so well as the fact that two men, who were\\nexperienced in the world, enjoyed the companion-\\nsliip of this youth of sixteen, and loved and trusted\\nhim.\\nLord Fairfax had vast estates in an almost untrod-\\nden wilderness beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains.\\nThese lands had never been surveyed. To Wash-\\nington Lord Fairfax intrusted the task of surveying\\nthese estates and fixino- their boundaries.\\nThe lad of sixteen, in company with a brother-in-\\nlaw of Lawrence Washington and a few attendants,\\nstarted in the early spring of 1748 on a trip up the\\nShenandoah Valley.\\nThey slept in tents, or in settlers hutSj or on the\\nground under the open sky. They swam the rivers,\\npushed through the forests, and climbed the moun-\\ntains. At one time they came upon a band of\\nIndians on the war-path, and watched one of their\\nwild war-dances around the camp-fire.\\nWhen Washino-ton returned and showed his sur-\\nveys. Lord Fairfax was greatly pleased with the\\nClearness and accuracy with which the work had\\nbeen done, and secured for his young friend the\\nposition of public surveyor. This was of great ad-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "George Washington. 175\\nvantage to Washington, for it gave him regular\\nwork.\\nHe followed this business for three years. It was\\na rough life. He spent much time on the frontier,\\nwhere there were few settlements, and where the\\ndanger from wild animals and unfriendly Indians was\\ngreat. The young man gained experience, and be-\\ncame hardy, self-reliant, and able to foresee dangers\\nand to meet them.\\nYoung as he was, he did his work well. His sur-\\nveys were accepted without hesitation, and were\\nnever questioned afterward.\\nHe thus describes his life in a letter to a friend\\nSince you have received my letter of October last,\\nI have not slept above three or four times in a bed,\\nbut, after walking a good way all the day, I have\\nlain down before the fire upon a little hay, straw,\\nfodder, or a bearskin, whichever was to be had, with\\nman, wife, and children, like dogs and cats and\\nhappy is he who gets the berth nearest the fire.\\nThe health of Lawrence Washington having\\nfailed, he went to Barbados, in the West Indies,\\nin the hope of being benefited, and took his brother\\nGeorge with him. While on the trip George had\\na serious attack of smallpox. On his recovery\\nthe brothers returned to Viro^inia. Less than six\\nmonths later Lawrence Washington died, leaving\\nhis brother George the guardian of his daughter,\\nand, in the event of her death, heir to his estates.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "1/6 History of the United States.\\nEngland and France were now beginning to\\nstruggle for the possession of the New World.\\nThe French, following the St. Lawrence River\\nand the Great Lakes, had claimed for France all\\nthe country south of those waters and west of the\\nAlleghanies. They had found how rich the Ohio\\ncountry was, and by making friends with the\\nIndians, and by building a chain of forts, they\\nexpected to make good their claim. Virginia, also,\\nclaimed most of this territory, saying that her\\ncharter gave her all the country as far as the\\nPacific Ocean. Pennsylvania claimed part of it as\\na gift of King Charles to William Penn. Massa-\\nchusetts, Connecticut, and New York, also had\\nclaims under their charters.\\nEnglish settlers had made homes near the Alle-\\nghanies; others had gone around the mountains\\nby passing through western New York. These\\nEnglish settlers had no intention of living under\\nFrench rule on land which they believed to be\\nEnglish by right.\\nGovernor Dinwiddle of Virginia sent a mes-\\nsenger to the French to warn them not to trespass\\non Virginia land but the messenger was afraid\\nnot only of the French but also of the Indians,\\nand turned back before he had come within a\\nhundred miles of the French forts.\\nThe governor had to look for some bolder man.\\nHe chose George Washington, who had lately been", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "George Washington,\\n177\\nappointed a major in the mihtia. The governor\\nmay have asked advice of Lord Fairfax, but it was\\nthe faithfuhiess and energy of the young surveyor\\nthat caused him to be chosen for this important\\nservice.\\nWashington was not\\nquite twenty-two when\\nhe set out on this peril-\\nous journey. He had\\nas companions a skilled\\nbackwoodsman, an old\\nDutch soldier, and some\\nattendants. It was nec-\\nessary to go about five\\nhundred miles through\\nforests, over mountains,\\nand across rivers and\\nstreams, for there were\\nno roads, except narrow\\nIndian trails which often\\nwere lost in the wilder-\\nness.\\nIn due time the letter of the governor was deliv-\\nered to the French commander. Of course the\\nFrenchman had no intention of giving up his forts or\\nthe country to the English. But he wrote a polite\\nreply, and, while he was doing this, Washington\\nsketched the fort, and learned all he could about its\\nstrength, its supplies, and the number of soldiers in it.\\nRoute of Braddock s Expedition.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "178 History of the United States.\\nThe journey back was more exciting than the\\njourney out. Washington and Gist, one of his\\ncompanions, went on ahead of the rest with an\\nIndian guide. The guide proved treacherous. They\\ncaught him in the act of firing on them, and Gist\\nwould have shot him, but Washington would not\\nconsent, and he was allowed to escape.\\nTheir horses gave out and w^ere left behind, and\\nWashington and Gist went on afoot. The weather\\nwas bitterly cold, for it was now the middle of a\\nstormy December. When they reached the Alle-\\nghany River they had to make a raft in order to\\nget across. As Washington was trying to push the\\nraft through the water his pole was struck by a cake\\nof ice and he fell into the river, which w^as full of\\nfloating ice. The water was deep, but the two men\\nmanaged to reach an island, on which they spent the\\nnight with their clothes frozen stiff.\\nIn the morning they walked to the shore on the\\nice. They reached the settlements in safety, told\\ntheir story, and delivered the French commander s\\nletter.\\nIt was now clear that the French intended to\\nstay where they were. In^the following spring, the\\ngovernor sent out a small force, over which Wash-\\nington was second in command. On this expedi-\\ntion, a few French soldiers were surprised, and some\\nof them were taken prisoners. By the death of his\\nsuperior officer, Washington came to be in com-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "George Washington\\n179\\nmand, and built a small fort, which he named Fort\\nNecessity.\\nHere he was compelled to await an attack by the\\nFrench. His force was largely outnumbered by\\nthe attacking party, his supply of powder and shot\\nBritish Footguard, 1745.\\nFrom Grant s British Battles.\\nFrench Soldier.\\nAfter a watercolor sketch in the Mas-\\nsachusetts Archives. Coat red, faced\\nblue, breeches blue\\nwas nearly gone, and when the French offered to\\nmake terms he felt obliged to yield. The French\\nsaid that if the English would leave the country\\nand promise not to come back for a year they\\nmight go. Washington was only too glad to accept\\nthese honorable terms.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "i8o History of the United States.\\nBy the next year England had conchided to\\nattack the French in earnest, and sent out forces\\nto join with the colonial troops in making a grand\\neffort to conquer the French.\\nA part of the plan was to attack the French\\nforts in the Ohio country. The oihcer in com-\\nmand of this expedition was General Edward Brad-\\ndock. He was a brave man, but he knew nothing\\nabout fighting in the forests of America. He\\nthought that the French and Indians should be\\nfought as men fought in Europe. Franklin, in\\nPhiladelphia, warned him against surprises and\\nthe Indian s way of fighting, but Braddock said\\nto himself What can a plain citizen like Frank-\\nlin tell an old soldier like me about fighting\\nBraddock heard of Washington s skill and experi-\\nence, and offered him a position on his staff, which\\nwas gladly accepted. The march was made slowly,\\nbut with safety, until the troops came within a few\\nmiles of Fort Duquesne, which the French had\\nbuilt. Suddenly, musket shots were heard in front,\\nand yells and Indian war-whoops startled the British\\ntroops.\\nWashington begged Braddock to order his sol-\\ndiers into the woods, so that each man might get\\nbehind a tree, and thus fight the Indians in their\\nown fashion. Braddock refused, for that was not,\\nin his opinion, the right way to fight.\\nThe troops were soon panic-stricken by the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "George Washington.\\ni8\\nshots and yells of an almost unseen foe Brad-\\ndock was mortally wounded, and his men fled in\\nthe wildest confusion. If it had not been for Wash-\\nington and the Virginia militia, which the British\\ngeneral had thought almost beneath contempt, the\\nrout would have been still worse.\\nWashinoton, durinor the fio^ht, did his best to\\nrally the troops; he aimed and fired a cannon\\n-^:t:?P\\nBraddock s Field.\\nhimself; he was everywhere on the fatal field, ex-\\nposing himself regardless of danger. He had two\\nhorses shot under him, and four bullets passed harm-\\nlessly through his clothes. The Indians thought\\nthat he bore a charmed life.\\nHe it was who 2:athered tos^ether what was left of\\nthe army and conducted the retreat. Though this\\nexpedition was such a failure, Washington came out", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "1\u00c2\u00ab2\\nHistory of the United States.\\nof it with a higher reputation than ever. He was\\nmade commander of the Virginia forces, and for\\nthree years guarded the frontier of the colony.\\nThis expedition was only one incident of the war.\\nThe conflict was also carried on in other parts of the\\ncountry. At last England appointed General James\\nWolfe, a brave man and a skilful officer, to lead an\\nexpedition against Quebec, the great stronghold of\\nthe French.\\nQuebec was commanded\\nby the Marquis Montcalm,\\none of the ablest of the\\nFrench officers. The town\\nstands on a high cliff; it is\\nprotected on three sides\\nby water on one side are\\nhigh rocks which seem well-\\nnigh inaccessible.\\nWolfe almost despaired\\nof taking the town, but,\\nhearing of a path which\\nled up the cliff, he deter-\\nmined to make an attempt to scale the heights.\\nOne dark night, he and his troops floated down\\nthe river with the tide, and landed at the foot of\\nthe cliffs. A few soldiers climbed the path they\\nsurprised and captured the French sentinel at the\\ntop before he could give the alarm. Soon Wolfe s\\nforces were on the heights, ready for the attack.\\nGeneral James Wolfe.\\nAfter the print in Entick s General\\nHistory of the Late War.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "George Washington,\\n83\\nMontcalm was amazed when he learned of Wolfe s\\nfeat. In the battle which followed, both generals\\nwere mortally wounded. As Wolfe fell, pierced by\\na shot in his breast, he heard a cry They run\\nthey run Who run he asked. The French,\\nwas the reply. Now God be praised, I die in\\npeace, he said, and died. Montcalm, struck down\\nQuebec in the Eighteenth Century.\\nFrom an old print.\\nby a bullet, said to the surgeon How long shall\\nI survive Ten or twelve hours, perhaps less,\\nwas the reply. So much the better I shall not\\nlive to see the surrender of Quebec. In five days\\nthe town surrendered. The war dragged on, but\\nFrance was conquered.\\nIn the treaty of peace (1763), France gave up", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "184 History of the United States.\\nto England all her possessions in America as far\\nas the Mississippi, except two small islands near\\nNewfoundland, to be used as fishing stations. All\\nthe rest of the lands which she had claimed she\\ngave to Spain.\\nThe English colonists now could settle where\\nthey pleased in the Ohio country, without fear of\\nan enemy except the Indians.\\nWhen the French withdrew from the Ohio coun-\\ntry, Washington had the pleasure of being with\\nthe British forces when they took possession of\\nthe smoking ruins of Fort Duquesne, which now\\nbecame Fort Pitt, and later, Pittsburg.\\nBefore the close of the war, Washington was\\nmarried to a charming, wealthy young widow,\\nMartha Custis. His niece died, and he came into\\npossession of his brother s large estates, including\\nMount Vernon, which was henceforth his home.\\nHe was only twenty-seven years old, and yet he\\nwas one of the foremost men of Virginia, admired\\nas her best soldier, and respected by all.\\nWhatever Washington did he did well. He\\nbecame the most successful planter in Virginia.\\nOf course, like all other rich men in the colony, he\\nhad slaves, but they were contented, and he never\\nsold one of them.\\nAs his surveys made in his youth were unques-\\ntioned, so now, when his name was seen on a barrel\\nor a bag of flour or on a hogshead of tobacco, every-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "George Washington. 185\\nbody knew that the flour or tobacco was exactly\\nwhat it should be.\\nHe was fond of outdoor exercise, and he often\\nwent fox-hunting with his neighbors. For this\\nrecreation he would dress in a blue coat, scarlet\\nwaistcoat, buckskin breeches, and a velvet cap.\\nWhen a youth he is said to have thrown a stone\\nacross the Rappahannock River, where nobody had\\ndone it before and nobody has done it since. He\\nwas six feet two inches tall, wore a number eleven\\nshoe, and his gloves had to be made especially for\\nhim, his hands were so large. He kept his strength,\\nfor, when he was forty, he threw an iron bar to an\\nalmost incredible distance and when he was in the\\nRevolutionary Army he once picked up the poles\\nand canvas of his tent, and threw them into the\\ncamp wagon with ease. This was usually the work\\nof two men.\\nOUTLINE.\\nGeorge Washington was the son of a Virginia planter.\\nHe received a limited education. Became a skilled sur-\\nveyor. Was sent on important missions to the French.\\nWas aide to General Braddock during the French and\\nIndian War. The French were defeated, and England\\ngained the vast western country to the Mississippi River.\\nWhatever Washington did he did well. He was strong\\nand athletic.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "1 86 History of the United States.\\nWhen and where was George Washington born?\\nDescribe the Virginia of those days.\\nTell the story of Washington s school days.\\nTell the story of his surveying trip in the Shenandoah Valley.\\nDescribe the beginning of the conflict between England and\\nFrance in the New World.\\nTell the story of Washington s expedition to the French fort.\\nTell the story of Braddock s defeat.\\nTell the story of the capture of Quebec.\\nDescribe Washington s marriage, his personal character, his\\nbodily strength, and personal appearance.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "THE REVOLUTION.\\nDuring the French and Indian War the colonists\\nlearned how strong they were. The war also made\\nthem better acquainted with each other, because\\nthe men of the middle and eastern colonies had\\nstood side by side in battle. Moreover it made\\nthem feel that the French territory could not have\\nbeen won without their aid. It helped to unite the\\ncolonies as nothing else had been able to do. It\\nshowed them that they had common interests, and\\neven made some of them think that they could\\nget along without England.\\nThey laid heavy taxes upon themselves, to pay the\\nexpenses of their own troops, and did it willingly;\\nbut when England began to tax them they objected.\\nThey claimed that, as they were not represented\\nin the English Parliament, that body had no right\\nto tax them. Many of the people of England could\\nhave made a similar claim, for Parliament was\\nelected by a small number of voters, and many\\nlarge towns were unrepresented. But the Ameri-\\ncans felt that, if their money was to be spent, they\\nshould have some voice in deciding what should be\\ndone with it.\\n187", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "I 88 History of the United States.\\nThere were many Englishmen who thought that\\nthe Americans were riorht. The EnHish grovern-\\nment, however, thought differently, and in 1765\\nPadiament passed the Stamp Act, a law which\\nrequired all law papers, all agreements, all marriage\\ncertificates, and many other papers, in order to be of\\nany use, to be written on paper which had a certain\\nvalue stamped upon it. These sheets of stamped\\n8\\nOf\\\\e\\nPenny\\nStamps used in 1765.\\npaper varied in value from one cent to sixty dollars,\\nor even more.\\nWhen the Americans heard of this plan of taxa-\\ntion they were very indignant. They refused to\\nbuy any of the stamped paper, and no one dared to\\nkeep it for sale. The English government could\\nnot force the people to buy what they did not want,\\nand so the plan failed. Parliament now thought it\\nwise to repeal the law, but declared at the same\\ntime that it was right to tax the colonies. There\\nwas great joy in America and in England when the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n189\\nrepeal of the Stamp Act was known. The joy did\\nnot last long, for Parliament soon found another\\nway to tax the colonists. It was said The Ameri-\\ncans are very fond of tea. They cannot grow it in\\nAmerica, and they will have to pay any tax wq\\nTtur.a.,, OQci^.j!. 1165 THE NUMB ug;\\nPENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL;\\nAN D\\nWEEKLY ADVEKTISER.\\nEXP IRING: In Hopes of a RatittrectiontoLiTE again.\\nam foriy to be\\nobliged to ac-\\nquaint my read-\\ners that as the\\nStamp Act is\\nfeared to be obligatory\\nupon us after theJirjY of\\nNovember ensumg (Tlie\\nFatal To-morrow), The\\npublifherofthis paper, un-\\nable to bear the Burthen,\\nhas thought it expedient\\nto ftop awhile, m order to\\ndeliberate, whether any\\nmethods can be found to\\nelude the chams forged for\\nus, and efcape the infup-\\nportable flavery, which it\\nis hoped, froiu the laft\\nreprefeiitation now made\\nagain ft that act, may be\\neffected. Mean while I\\nmuft earneftly Requeft\\nevery individual of my\\nSubfcribers, many of\\nwhom have been long be-\\nhind Hand, that they\\nwould unmediately dif-\\ncharge their refpective\\nArrears, that I may be\\nable, not only to fupport\\nmyfelf during the Inter-\\nval, but be better prepar-\\ned to proceed again with\\nthis Paper whenever an\\nopening for that purpofe\\nappears, which I hope\\nwill be foon.\\nWILLIAM BRADFORD.\\nA Colonial Newspaper.\\nA fac-simile about one-third the size of the original.\\nchoose to put upon it. So a tax of threepence,\\nabout six cents, was laid upon every pound of tea\\nthat should be brought into America.\\nAs soon as the Americans heard of this, they said,\\nWe will not drink any tea that comes from Eng-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "190 History of the United States.\\nland into America. When vessels havinof tea on\\nboard reached Boston they were ordered back, but\\nthe British officers refused to let them sail. Then\\none night a party of men, dressed as Indians, went\\non board the ships, hoisted up from the holds of the\\nvessels more than three hundred chests of tea, broke\\nthem open, and emptied the tea over the sides of the\\nThe Boston Tea-party.\\nFrom an old print.\\nships into the water. This performance was called\\nThe Boston Tea-party.\\nWhen tea ships went to Philadelphia and New\\nYork, the captains were not allowed to put the tea on\\nshore. At Charleston, South Carolina, the tea was\\nlanded, but was stored in damp cellars, so that it soon\\nspoiled. At Annapolis, Maryland, the tea was burned.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n191\\nWhen the king and his ministers heard of these\\nacts of violence they were very angry. There were\\nonly two courses for them to follow, either to\\nrepeal the law or to try to enforce obedience.\\nNaturally the government decided upon the latter.\\nMassachusetts was the most unruly colony, and\\nParliament passed several laws to punish her.\\nOne of the laws provided that no ships should\\nCharleston in 1780,\\nAfter a drawing by Leitch.\\nenter or leave Boston Harbor until the town should\\nmake good the loss of the tea, and agree to obey\\nthe laws. Another law took away several of the\\nprivileges which had been giv^en to Massachusetts\\nin her charter. This law was the worst of all, for,\\nif Parliament could change the charter of one\\ncolony, it could change the charters of all, and the\\nliberty which had been given them would be at the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "192 History of the United States.\\nmercy of a government in which the colonists had\\nno representation. Another law gave the British\\ngovernment the right to quarter troops on the\\ncolonists.^\\nWhen the news of these and other laws reached\\nAmerica, the whole country was stirred up. Meet-\\nings were held everywhere to protest against them.\\nMeanwhile the people of Boston began to suffer\\nfrom the closing of their port. Help came from all\\nover the countryo Charleston, South Carolina, sent\\nrice, New York sent wheat, and from other places\\ncame various kinds of provisions and also money.\\nOn the day on which the law was to go into effect\\nthe bells were tolled and the houses were hung with\\nblack.\\nIn Virginia, Washington presided at a meeting\\nwhere it was resolved not to use anything British\\nuntil the rights of the colonists were restored. In\\nevery one of the colonies such meetings were held,\\nand similar resolutions were passed.\\nMen and women wore homespun clothes, and\\nrather than use anything imported from England,\\ndrank tea made of the leaves of raspberry or other\\nplants, such as sassafras or sage.\\nThe British government had sent troops to Bos-\\nton, and had placed them under the command of\\nGeneral Gage, the military governor of Massachu-\\n1 To quarter troops is to force the inhabitants to board soldiers in\\ntheir families.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n193\\nsetts. Already the colonies felt that the cause of\\nMassachusetts was the cause of all, and that it\\nwould be well to consult together as to what was\\nbest to be done.\\nAll the colonies, except Georgia, whose governor\\nmanaged to prevent it, chose men to go to Phila-\\ndelphia to meet and con-\\nsider the whole question.\\nThis body was called the\\nContinental Congress.\\nIt met in Carpenters\\nHall, September 5, 1774.\\nEach colony had\\nchosen some of its best\\nmen. Massachusetts sent\\nJohn Adams and Samuel\\nAdams Virginia, George\\nWashington and Patrick\\nHenry; New York, John\\nJay; Pennsylvania, John Dickinson; South Caro-\\nlina, John Rutledge.\\nThe Congress prepared addresses setting forth\\nclearly the position of the colonies, and threatening\\nresistance if Parliament and the king did not yield.\\nIt also advised that no British goods should be\\nimported or used.\\nAll this had little or no effect on the king and his\\nministers. They resolved to force the Americans\\nto submit. More British troops had been sent to\\nSamuel Adams.\\nAfter the portrait by Copley, in Boston\\nMuseum of Fine Arts.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "194 History of the United States.\\nBoston, and it needed only some slight trouble to\\nbring on war.\\nThe course followed by the king and the major-\\nity in Parliament was opposed by some of the\\nablest English legislators, such as Edmund Burke\\nand William Pitt, and also\\nmany English citizens, but\\nwithout avail.\\nGeneral Gage in Boston,\\nhearing that the Ameri-\\ncans had been collecting\\npowder, shot, and muskets\\nat Concord, about twenty\\nmiles away, sent out se-\\ncretly a force of eight\\nhundred men to seize\\nthe supplies. The Ameri-\\ncans decided to send Paul\\nRevere to warn the two\\npatriots, Samuel Adams and John Hancock, of the\\ndanger.\\nSignal lanterns were hung out from the tower of\\nthe old North Church in Boston, to show that the\\nsoldiers were to cross the harbor, and soon alarm\\nbells and swift riders were waking the farmers and\\nminute-men.^\\nAs Paul Revere galloped along the road to Con-\\nMinute-men so-called because they were to be ready at a minute s\\nnotice.\\nJohn Hancock.\\nAfter the portrait by Copley painted in 1774,\\nin Boston Museum of Fine Arts.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "The Revolution,\\n195\\nthe regulars are coming out.\\ncord, some one called to him, You are making too\\nmuch noise. You ll have noise enough before long,\\nhe shouted back\\nThe reQ:ulars did come\\nout, and they found the\\nwhole country roused and\\nready for them. But noth-\\nins: was done until Lex-\\nington was reached. There\\nthe soldiers found a body of\\nminute-men drawn up on the\\ngreen before the meeting-\\nhouse. The British officer\\ncommanded the Americans\\nto disperse, but they stood\\nstill. Then the officer ordered\\nhis men to fire, and several\\nof the Americans were killed,\\nand others wounded.\\nThe soldiers marched on to\\nConcord, where more Ameri-\\ncans were drawn up at a\\nbridge. Again there was fir-\\ning. Then the British, hav-\\ning destroyed some stores,\\nstarted on their return, and\\nall along the road from Concord to Boston they\\nwere fired upon by the farmers and minute-men,\\nwho were behind barns and houses and stone walls.\\nThe Minute Man.\\nFrom the statue at Concord, Mass.\\nThe inscription on the pedestal\\nreads:\\nHere on the 19th of April, 1775, was\\nmade the first forcible resistance to\\nBritish aggression. On the opposite\\nbank stood the American militia,\\nhere stood the invading army, and\\non this spot the first of the enemy\\nfell in the War of the Revolution,\\nwhich gave independence to these\\nUnited States. In gratitude to God\\nand in the love of freedom this\\nmonument was erected a.d. 1836.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "196 History of the United States,\\nThe battles of Lexington and Concord took place\\non the 19th of April, 1775. This was the beginning\\nof the war between the colonies and the mother\\ncountry.\\nThe Americans soon had an army encamped\\nbefore Boston, shutting General Gage and his sol-\\ndiers within the city. He was not alarmed, for he\\ndid not think that the\\nYankee farmers would\\nreally fight but he soon\\nsaw his mistake.\\nThe Americans heard\\nthat he intended to take\\nCharlestown, a village\\nacross the river from Bos-\\nton, and they resolved to\\nprevent it. They left Cam-\\nbridge in the evening of\\nPaul Revere.\\nAfter the picture by Gilbert Stuart.\\nthe 1 6th of June, marched\\nto Charlestown, and began\\nat once to throw up fortifications of earth.\\nEarly the next morning the British were amazed\\nto find a wall of earth on the hill. Twice they tried\\nto capture the works twice they were driven back\\nwith great loss of life a third time they were suc-\\ncessful, for the powder of the Americans had given\\nout, and they were forced to retire. This battle is\\nknown as the battle of Bunker Hill. Though the\\nAmericans were defeated, it showed that the colo-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n197\\nnists could stand up against the regular British\\ntroops. The news of what had been done inspired\\nhope throughout the land. When Washington\\nheard of it he said The liberties of the country\\nare safe.\\nL /^-^^Jl-^^\\nThe Colonies in 1776: Northern Section.\\nMeanwhile a second congress at Philadelphia had\\nseen that there must be war, and with one voice\\nappointed George Washington Commander-in-Chief\\nof the army. He accepted the difficult trust. Under\\na great elm tree at Cambridge, Massachusetts, July\\n3, 1775, he formally took command. His head-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "198 History of the United States.\\nquarters were in the house so well known since as\\nthe home of the poet Longfellow.\\nIt was a strange looking army that Washington\\nfound. Supplies were scarce, most of the men were\\nwithout uniforms, and they were wholly unused to\\nmilitary order and discipline, and were for a long\\ntime very unwilling to submit to necessary rules.\\nThey were, however, intelligent men and brave\\npatriots. Out of such material as this was Wash-\\nington s army made up, but with it he forced the\\nBritish, in March, 1776, to leave Boston.\\nWashington did not rest, but marched his army\\nto New York, where he knew an attack would be\\nmade. He reached New York in time, but was\\ncompelled to leave the city, as the British w^ere\\ngreatly superior in numbers to his forces. The\\nAmericans were defeated on Long Island, and\\nWashington was forced to retreat across New Jersey\\ntoward Philadelphia.\\nThe retreating army was pursued by Lord Corn-\\nwallis, the British general, and had not Washing-\\nton, with wise foresight, secured all the boats on\\nthe Delaware River for miles above and below\\nTrenton, the British would have followed the\\nAmericans into Pennsylvania.\\nIn the meantime the Congress in Philadelphia\\nhad decided that the colonies should declare their\\nindependence of the mother country. On the 4th\\nof July, 1776, the delegates in Congress adopted", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "The Revolution,\\n199", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "200 History of the United States.\\nthe Declaration of Independence, proclaiming the\\nthirteen colonies free and independent. The name\\nchosen for the new nation was the United States\\nof America.\\nWashington s retreat from New York, which\\ntook place about six months after independence\\nhad been declared, was most discouraging to the\\n^MiU \u00e2\u0096\u00a0a.^ma.^^tma^.\\n\\\\JKUA. /tr nfy*X. Hu^ns. to m% lit 1^1 -/\u00c2\u00ab/\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00ab^\u00c2\u00abL;dt;irrv.\\nFac-simile of the First Two Paragraphs of the\\nDeclaration of Independence.\\narmy and to the whole country. Washington saw\\nthat something must be done. He did not dare to\\nattack the whole British army, for it was very much\\nlarger than his own. He resolved to attack part of\\nit. Trenton was held by Hessians, German troops\\nwhom the En^ lish had hired to fiorht for them.\\nThey were having a good time on Christmas night,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n20I\\n1776. It was stormy, but that was just what Wash-\\nington wished for. He had secretly collected a\\nnumber of boats, and before the Hessians dreamed\\nof what was coming, he crossed the river, seized\\nthe town, took a thousand prisoners, and returned\\nto Pennsylvania.\\nA few days later, he again crossed the river, and\\nhad a skirmish with Cornwallis, who had been\\nTable and Chair used at the signing of the Declaration of\\nIndependence.\\nIn Independence Hall, Philadelphia.\\nsent to attack him. The night following, Wash-\\nington left his camp-fires burning, slipped past Corn-\\nwallis, and hastily marched upon Princeton. The\\nfirst that Cornwallis knew of Washington s where-\\nabouts was the booming of cannon behind him.\\nOf course, Cornwallis had to follow to protect his\\nsupplies, and soon most of New Jersey was regained\\nby the Americans.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "20 2 History of the United States.\\nThis was Washington s great campaign. It was\\nfought against great odds, and had it not been\\nsuccessful, there is every reason to beheve that the\\nRevolution would have failed.\\nThe British next cast their eyes upon Philadel-\\nphia, but, being unwilling to meet Washington in\\nNew Jersey, they sent their army ar\u00c2\u00aeund by sea to\\nValley Forge.\\nWashington and Lafayette visiting the suffering army. After the painting by A. Gibert.\\nChesapeake Bay. The troops were disembarked at\\nElkton, near the head of the bay, and marched\\ntoward Philadelphia.\\nWashington fought two battles to keep the city\\nfrom falling into the enemy s hands, but was de-\\nfeated, and Philadelphia was taken.\\nThe winter of 1777-78, a bitterly cold one, was", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n203\\nspent by Washington s army at Valley Forge on\\nthe Schuylkill River, about twenty miles from Phil-\\nadelphia. The army suffered terribly from cold,\\nhunger, and want of supplies, but Washington did\\nnot despair.\\nCharlntt,.svine*,Montioellr,V\\\\o7 r\\nThe Colonies in 1776: Southern Section.\\nWhile he had been fiohtino: one armv near Phila-\\ndelphia, another British army under Burgoyne was\\nmarching down from Canada. At Saratoga it was\\nbeaten by the Americans under General Gates, and\\nBurgoyne and his army were made prisoners of war.\\nThis great victory made the European nations", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "204 History of the United States.\\nbelieve that the colonists were going to succeed after\\nall. Benjamin Franklin, before this, had been sent\\nto France to try to get the French king to help the\\nUnited States. French money had already been\\nsent secretly, but it was not until after the victory at\\nSaratoga that the French government made a treaty\\nwith the new nation, and agreed openly to help the\\nUnited States in the struggle against England.\\nThe British army soon left Philadelphia, for it was\\nfeared that a French fleet might take New York,\\nwhich, as a better seaport, was of great value to the\\nEnglish. The winter spent in Philadelphia had not\\nmade the troops better soldiers, for, while the poor\\nfellows in the American army at Valley Forge had\\nbeen suffering from hunger and cold, the British\\nofficers had been having a round of balls and amuse-\\nments, and the soldiers, for the most part, had had\\nlittle fio-htino- to do. Dr. Franklin said, The British\\nhave not taken Philadelphia, but the Philadelphians\\nhave taken the British. Washington quickly fol-\\nlowed the enemy, and the armies were soon very\\nnearly in the positions they had held two years\\nbefore.\\nThe United States had a very small navy, but the\\nofificers and crews were brave and skilful. John Paul\\nJones was the most celebrated of these officers. On\\none expedition he sailed through the Irish Channel,\\nand in less than a month, destroyed four vessels,\\nseized a fort at Whitehaven, and burned the ship-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n205\\nping in the harbor. He also captured a prize, and\\ntook it with him to France.\\nAt another time, off Flamborough Head, on the\\neastern coast of England, his ship Lc Bonhomine\\nRichard, fought the British ship Serapis. The two\\nvessels came so close to each other, that Jones\\nlashed them together. A desperate conflict took\\nplace. The Richard was so\\nmuch injured that the Eng-\\nlish captain called out Have\\nyou struck? Jones shouted\\nback, I have not yet begun\\nto fight. The Serapis sur-\\nrendered, but Jones s vessel\\nwas so injured that he trans-\\nferred to the prize everything\\nthat was possible. He had\\nhardly done this when the\\nBonhomme Richard sank.\\nThese are only some of the\\nexploits of John Paul Jones.\\nMost of the naval warfare was carried on by priv-\\nateers, that is to say, private vessels licensed to\\nmake war on an enemy. There were several hun-\\ndred of these American privateers, and the damage\\nthat they inflicted on British commerce was very\\ngreat.\\nThe war dragged on. The English nation was\\ngetting tired of a war of which so many of their\\n1^\\nPaul Jones.\\nAfter the etching by A. Varen.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "2o6 History of the United States.\\npeople disapproved, and in which there seemed Uttle\\nprospect of final success. On the other hand, the\\nAmerican army was so poorly supplied with food,\\nclothing, and arms, that Washington had a hard\\ntime to keep his men together.\\nCongress failed to provide money with which to\\nbuy supplies. Robert Morris, a patriotic citizen of\\nPennsylvania, and a few others, helped greatly in\\nthis trying time, by borrowing money to support the\\nstarving troops. But for\\nthis and the personal influ-\\nence of Washincjton over\\nhis army and oflicers, the\\nAmerican army might have\\ndisbanded.\\nAbout this time came an\\nevent which caused much\\nuneasiness among the Amer-\\nicans. This was the treason of Benedict Arnold.\\nArnold had taken an active and helpful part in an\\nexpedition against Canada, and had fought bravely\\nat Saratoga, where he was severely wounded. In\\n1778 he was placed in command at Philadelphia.\\nWhile in that city he married the daughter of a\\nTory, as those who sympathized with England were\\ncalled. He lived extravagantly and ran into debt;\\nhe was accused of using the funds of the army.\\nHe was tried and sentenced to be reprimanded by\\nWashington. Washington did this as mildly as\\nDevice printed in Franklin s Pennsyl\\nvania Gazette, 1754.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "The Revolution. 207\\npossible, and afterward gave him the command of\\nWest Point, a fort which controlled the Hudson.\\nBut Arnold s pride was touched. He opened corre-\\nspondence with Clinton, the British general in New\\nYork, and agreed to surrender the fort to the\\nBritish. Major Andre, Clinton s agent in this\\nbusiness, was captured while on his way back to\\nNew York, and papers in Arnold s handwriting\\nwere found upon his person. The plot was dis-\\ncovered Andre was tried by courtmartial, and was\\nhanged as a spy. Arnold heard of Andre s capture\\nin time to escape. He was rewarded by the British\\nwith money and the rank of brigadier-general. He\\nfought against his countrymen, and at the end of\\nthe war went to England, but was everywhere re-\\ngarded with contempt.\\nIn the south, the English had an army so much\\nstronger than the American forces, that, notwith-\\nstanding the skill and bravery of such ofhcers as\\nFrancis Marion, Thomas Sumter, Andrew Pick-\\nens, and William Washington, the Carolinas fell\\nunder British control. Aorainst WashiuQ^ton s\\nadvice. Congress sent General Gates to command\\nthe American army. Gates met Cornwallis at Cam-\\nden, South Carolina, and was very badly defeated.\\nThinking all was lost, he jumped on his horse, and\\nnever stopped in his flight until he had left the\\nbattle-field seventy miles behind him.\\nCongress now was willing to take the advice of", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "2o8 History of the United States.\\nWashington, and, in accordance with his sugges-\\ntion, General Nathanael Greene was sent to take\\nthe place of Gates. Greene was the best officer,\\nnext to Washington, in the Continental army.\\nGreene did not fight much, for his forces were weak,\\nbut he managed to get the British army into such\\nan awkward situation that Cornwallis found it best\\nto leave the Carolinas;\\nso he marched into Vir-\\nginia, and encamped on\\nthe peninsula of York-\\ntown.\\nWashington now saw\\nthat the time had come\\nto make a great effort.\\nHe therefore left the\\nneighborhood of New\\nYork, with all the troops\\nGeneral Nathanael Greene. that he COuld mustcr\\nFrom the painting by Charles WiUson Peale, aud SCCrCtly aud haStlly\\nmarched across New Jer-\\nsey, Pennsylvania, and Delaw^are, to Elkton, Mary-\\nland. From this place he sent the greater part of\\nhis troops by water to York River, Virginia. He\\nhimself hurried thither by land, halting for two days\\nat his beloved Mount Vernon, which he had not\\nseen for six years.\\nWashington had persuaded the commander of\\nthe French fleet to help the American army. Thus,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n209", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "21 o History of the United States.\\nshut in by sea and by land, CornwaUis was com-\\npelled to surrender to the combined French and\\nAmerican forces. It was a great victory, and every\\none felt that it decided the war.\\nThough it was two years before peace was\\ndeclared, no battle of importance was fought after\\nYork town. The thirteen colonies had won their\\nThe State-house. Annapolis.\\nFrom Scharf s History of Maryland.\\nindependence, and were recognized by the mother\\ncountry as the United States of America.\\nOn the 20th of December, 1783, Washington\\nwent to Annapolis, Maryland, where the Continen-\\ntal Congress was in session, to resign his commis-\\nsion as Commander-in-Chief of the American army.\\nThere, in the hall of the old state-house, a building\\nwhich is still standing, he laid down the charge\\nhe had accepted more than eight years before at\\nPhiladelphia.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "The Revolution. 2 1 i\\nHe said in his short address, Having finished\\nthe work assigned me, and bidding an affection-\\nate farewell to this august body, under whose order\\nI have acted, I here offer my commission and take\\nleave of all employments of public life. He has-\\ntened to Mount Vernon, and again became a Virginia\\nplanter. But his fellow-citizens did not let him\\nremain long in the quiet of home life.\\nShortly before the end of the Revolutionary War\\nthe states of the Union entered into an agreement\\nand adopted a set of rules known as the Articles\\nof Confederation. These rules were intended to\\ngovern the country, but they were faulty because\\nthey did not give Congress any power to enforce\\nthe laws. As Congress could not make people\\npay their taxes, it soon had no money to pay the\\ndebts of the nation, or even the regular expenses of\\nthe government. It could not make treaties with\\nforeign nations, because it could not carry them out\\nafter they were made. It could not keep up an\\narmy or a navy, for it could not raise money to pay\\nthe men, or to build vessels.\\nEach of the states wished to do as it pleased\\nwithout regard to the others, and there was but\\nlittle national feeling. Congress could only ask\\nthe states to supply money, and if any state did not\\nwish to do so. Congress was helpless. The nation\\nwas in danger of being despised at home and ridi-\\nculed abroad. It was clear that something must be", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^V^ ^^^^^^^Jti? ,^tca^\\nc^x,\u00c2\u00a3^c.j^\\n^779\\n^-f^ci^^i^.\\n6 ^i^t^^ 6\\n-J ^.^Z^\\n^a^ c^.2^;\\n^t^^ c:^aCc^\\n9a^ .^c2^dr\\ny^^ j^\\n__ -few^ j^f _\\n/r\\n^cO^\\nW\\n3ooo\\n_ ^O CO\\n/oo\\n-4.300\\nf^^j-ot^T^C^.\\n^5//\\nZ,^ ac?c7\\nUL/^\\n/Z\\n3^ /S\\n^S^yTyx^ ^h r? \\\\^Ci^ iJ3\\n-J^Z cyC\\n.S oCc\\nf^/Z^^\\n42\\ny2\\n/s\\niljl;^3 3\\nA Facsimile of Washington s Accounts kept during the Revolution\\nFrom Monuments of Washington s Patriotism.\\n212", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "o^^^_._^^^;^.^^^^7^^...(Sr\\n(34-\\n0Z^tyt.\\n9.\\n/C\\n^^5 -__\\n^cZ^-^\\n.\u00c2\u00a3^a^ ^c^-\\n__^^^ ^c2^-\\n^.^a^ ^oi^-~\\n.^^,2^\\n/3y ^:3^^-\\n-^.^^:^r\\n/^^.0c^^ ^,^___\\nc^.^^ ^^^^__-\\nAy\\nc^\\nOO/T^yf, ^^-7-\\n^at^\\n3^Z^\\nt/S^J^\\n.a^^-e-t^j?^-^\\n./^J^/\\n^^^if-/^ f/^,f^^3\\nA Facsimile of Washington s Accounts kept durinc; the Rex olutio.n\\nFrom Monuments of Washington s Patriotism.\\n213", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "2 14 History of the United States.\\ndone if the United States was to become a strone\\nnation or even to keep its independence.\\nAt length, in 1787, the states chose a number of\\ntheir wisest men, among them George Washington,\\nBenjamin FrankHn, Alexander Hamilton, and James\\nMadison, to frame some better form of government\\nwhich could enforce its laws and be truly national.\\nAfter four months, they drew up the Constitution\\nof the United States of America. In the course of\\na year, eleven of the states had adopted it, and it\\nbecame necessary to choose a President. There\\nwas one man to whom all eyes turned, George Wash-\\nington, and he was chosen unanimously. John\\nAdams was chosen Vice-President.\\nNew York City was the place at which Congress\\nwas sitting, and as there were no railroads or steam-\\nboats or telegraph in those days, a special mes-\\nsenger was sent to tell Washington that he had been\\nelected the first President of the United States.\\nAll the way from Mount Vernon, the roads along\\nwhich Washington travelled were lined with people\\nto see him and to cheer him as he passed. In\\nevery village, men and women from the farms and\\nworkshops crowded the streets to watch for his car-\\nriage and the ringing of bells and firing of guns\\nmarked his comino^ and Qroine.\\nCitizens of Baltimore went out to meet him and\\nescort him into the city, while booming of cannon\\nwelcomed him. The governor of Pennsylvania,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "The Revolution.\\n215\\nwith soldiers and citizens, met him at the state Hne\\nand escorted him to Philadelphia.\\nAt Trenton, there was a grand arch of triumph,\\n^Y\\n1\\n,i,\\nSteuben. Gov. A. St. Clair. Sec y S. A. Otis. Roger Slierinaii. Gov. E. Clinton.\\nChancellor R. R, Livingston. John Adams Gen. Henry Knox\\nGeorge Washington.\\nWashington taking the Oath as Preshjent, April 30, 1789.\\nand young girls went before him, strewing flowers in\\nhis path, and singing songs of welcome. When he\\nreached Elizabethtown, he embarked in a barge\\nmanned by thirteen master-pilots dressed in white,\\nand was rowed by them to New York. He entered", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "21 6 History of the United States.\\nthe city to the sound of music, sakites of artillery,\\nand ten thousand shouts of welcome.\\nOn the 30th of April, 1789, he took the oath of\\noffice on the balcony of Federal Hall, in the pres-\\nence of a great multitude. The new government\\nhad begun.\\nWashington was reelected in 1792. He died in\\n1799; it was well said of him that he was first in\\nwar, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his fel-\\nlow-countrymen.\\nOUTLINE.\\nThe English colonists learned their own strength dur-\\ning the French and Indian War. They were not repre-\\nsented in the Enghsh Parliament, and objected to taxation\\nwithout representation. ParUament passed in 1765 the\\nStamp Act. But it could not be enforced. The act was\\nrepealed and a tax on tea imposed. Colonists refused to\\nreceive tea or to pay the tax. Parliament passed several\\nacts to punish Massachusetts. The people all over the\\ncountry sided with Massachusetts.\\nThe action of the British brought on an appeal to\\narms. Washington was appointed Commander-in-Chief.\\nThe Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of In-\\ndependence, July 4, 1776. After eight years of warfare,\\nthe British acknowledged the independence of the colonies.\\nWashington resigned his commission 1783. The states\\nhad adopted an agreement by which the country was to\\nbe ruled, but it gave Congress no power to enforce its laws.\\nA convention drew up the Constitution which was adopted.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "The United States after the Revolution.\\n217", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "21 8 History of the United States.\\nGeorge Washington was unanimously chosen the first\\npresident. The new government began on the 30th of\\nApril, 1789. Washington died 1799.\\nWhat did the colonists learn from the French and Indian War?\\nWhy did they claim that Parliament had no right to tax them?\\nWhat was the Stamp Act?\\nTell the story of the attempt to collect a tax upon tea.\\nTell the story of Paul Revere, and of Concord and Lexington.\\nDescribe the battle of Bunker Hill.\\nDescribe Washington s campaign in the neighborhood of Bos-\\nton New York.\\nTell about the Declaration of Independence.\\nTell the story of the surprise of Trenton of the New Jersey\\ncampaign.\\nDescribe the winter at Valley Forge.\\nWhat induced France to help the Americans?\\nTell the story of John Paul Jones.\\nDescribe the treachery of Arnold.\\nTell the story of the war in the south of the surrender of\\nCornwallis.\\nWhy were the Articles of Confederation unsatisfactory?\\nHow was the Constitution framed?\\nWho was the first president\\nTell the story of Washington s journey to New York.\\nWhen did he take the oath of office?\\nWhen did he die", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "DANIEL BOONE.\\nThe English had gained Canada and all the\\ncountry between the Alleghanies and the Missis-\\nsippi River as a result of the great war with the\\nFrench. It was a wild country. Numerous bands\\nof Indians roamed from place to place in search of\\ngame. There were buffaloes, elks, deer, and wild\\nturkeys. Among the wild animals to be dreaded\\nwere bears, wolves, panthers, rattlesnakes, and cop-\\nperheads.\\nThere were vast forests tano-led with underbrush\\nand thickets. The Indians claimed the land, but\\nthe greater part of it was used as hunting grounds\\nby several tribes, and no one tribe could properly\\nsay that the land was its own.\\nUp to 1763, the year in which peace was made\\nbetween England and France, very few Englishmen\\nhad been in this western country. The land south\\nof the Ohio River was almost an unknown wilder-\\nness. One of the first to cross the mountain rido^es\\nwhich were the western boundary of the Atlantic\\nsettlements was Daniel Boone.\\nDaniel Boone was born in Bucks County, Penn-\\nsylvania, in 1734. His parents lived on the bank\\n219", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "2 20 History of th:^ United States.\\nof the Delaware River, in that part of Pennsylvania\\nwhich was still a wilderness. When the country\\nbecame more settled, and while Daniel was a small\\nboy, they moved to the valley of the Yadkin River in\\nNorth Carolina, on the outer edge of the settlements.\\nDaniel grew up to be a thorough backwoods-\\nman. He became skilful with his rifie he learned\\nthe secrets of backwoods life,\\nand, with a wonderful accur-\\nacy, he could follow the trail\\nof man or animal. No one\\ncould plough, hoe, or chop\\ndown trees better than he;\\nand, like almost every active,\\nable frontiersman, he could\\nsurvey.\\nFor more than sixty years\\nhe was almost continually on\\nthe frontier. He had very\\nlittle school-education, and\\nhe never learned to spell.\\nPart of an old beech tree was shown at the Columbian\\nExposition, in 1893, on which could still be traced\\nD. Boon cilled a bar on tree in the\\nLike many others at that time, he\\ndid not spell even his own name always in the\\nsame way.\\nThere were many backwoodsmen as skilful as\\nD. Boon killed a bear on (this) tree in the year 1760.\\nDaniel Boone.\\nAfter the painting by C. Harding.\\nthe words\\nyear 1760.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "Daniel Boone. 221\\nBoone there were many who passed through as\\nsurprising adventures but, among men who often\\ngave way to intemperance, he was always sober; he\\nwas patient, enduring, brave, daring when occasion\\ncalled for it, but prudent, and always modest. He\\ninspired confidence, and for this reason he was\\nemployed on many enterprises.\\nHe was able to make his skill and knowledge of\\nadvantage to others. He said he was an instru-\\nment ordained of God to settle the wilderness. He\\nhad made a number of excursions into the lands\\nwest of North Carolina, and had been greatly pleased\\nby the beautiful country and by the abundance of\\ngame.\\nOn the 1st of May, 176Q, Boone, with five com-\\npanions, started from the Yadkin valley to wander\\nthrough the wilderness of America in quest of the\\ncountry of Kentucky.\\nIn about six weeks they reached the place for\\nwhich they had set out. It more than satisfied\\ntheir hopes. The country was full of game, and for\\nsix months they enjoyed such hunting as they never\\nhad known before.\\nIn December they were attacked by Indians, and\\nBoone and one of his companions, named Stewart,\\nwere captured. Showing as little anxiety or fear as\\npossible, they watched for a chance to escape, and\\none night, after a feast, when the Indians were\\nasleep, Boone and Stewart succeeded in getting", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "222 History of the United States.\\naway. When they reached their old camp they\\nfound it deserted, and with no trace of their former\\ncompanions.\\nFortunately they soon fell in with two men who\\nhad come from North Carolina, partly to search for\\nthem, and partly to explore on their own account.\\nOne of these men was Squire Boone, Daniel s\\nbrother. Stewart was surprised and shot by an\\nIndian, and the comrade of Squire Boone became\\nso frightened that he returned home, leaving the\\ntwo brothers. They spent the winter in a wilder-\\nness where there was no other white man, and\\nthen Squire Boone went back to the settled\\ncountry for supplies.\\nFor several months Daniel Boone was entirely\\nalone in the great forest. He lived as the Indian\\nhunters lived. Day after day he carefully went\\nover the country, exploring it and gaining much\\nknowledge which served him well afterward.\\nAll the time he had to keep the closest watch for\\nthe Indians. Once he happened to look back, and\\nwas startled to see some Indians following him.\\nHe soon perceived that they had not seen him, but\\nwere only following his trail.\\nHe kept on, but though he went first this way\\nand then that way, hoping to deceive them, he\\nfound that they were still on the trail.\\nJust as he was wondering what was best to do,\\nhe came across a huge grape-vine hanging from the", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "Daniel Boone. 223\\nhio^her branches of a tree. Boone had often swuns^\\nin grape-vines when a boy, and a bright thought\\nstruck him. He quickly cut off the vine not far\\nfrom the ground, and then grasping it firmly\\ngave himself a good swing and jumped into the\\nair. As soon as he came to the ground he ran\\noff in a direction quite different from that in which\\nhe had been going. When the Indians came up\\nthey could find no trace of his footsteps, and after\\na while they gave up the search.\\nThe Indians wore soft moccasins, which made no\\nnoise they could go through the forest without a\\nsound and would slip from tree to tree until they\\nwere near enough to shoot their unsuspecting\\nenemy. They would imitate the cries of animals,\\nand particularly the gobble of the wild turkey. The\\nunwary hunter, who longed for a good supper or\\nbreakfast, would follow the noise until he was\\nwdthin reach of the Indian s rifle, w^hen he would\\nbe shot dow^n.\\nBoone and many of his later companions soon\\nlearned to know the cries of the animals so w^ell\\nthat they could not be deceived. They also learned\\nto surpass the Indian in his own woodcraft; the In-\\ndians feared them as much as they feared the Indians.\\nOthers had been in Kentucky before, but to\\nDaniel Boone must be given the credit of leading\\nthe first band of permanent settlers into that beau-\\ntiful country.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "2 24 History of the United States.\\nThis undertaking was full of risk. It was very\\ndifferent from the settlement of the Atlantic colo-\\nnies, which were gradually pushed farther and\\nfarther into the wilderness. Kentucky was in the\\nmidst of the forests, and two hundred miles from\\nthe nearest settlements.\\nBoone s Trail,\\nThe Indian title to the country between the\\nKentucky and Cumberland rivers was bought of\\nthe Indians, in 1775, by a land company, and\\nDaniel Boone was chosen to begin a settlement.\\nWith thirty men he started, March 10, 1775,\\nfrom a point in East Tennessee near the present\\nboundary of North Carolina. For two hundred\\nmiles they cut a path through the woods. It went\\nthrough the Cumberland Gap, across rivers and\\nstreams which had to be forded, as there were no", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "Daniel Boone. 225\\nbridges. This path was known as Boone s Trail,\\nand as the Wilderness Road. Later, tens of\\nthousands of emigrants passed over this road on\\ntheir way to the West.\\nEarly one morning, when Boone and his com-\\npany had almost reached the end of their journey,\\nand were gathered around their camp-fires, they\\nwere attacked by the Indians, and two of the thirty\\nwere killed. The rest sprang up, seized their rifles,\\nand stood ready to defend themselves. The Indians\\nhowever, vanished as swiftly and as steathily as\\nthey had appeared, leaving the rest of the party\\nunhurt.\\nIn April the party reached the Kentucky River,\\nand began to build a little town or settlement,\\nwhich they called Boonesborough. Again they were\\nattacked by Indians. This time several of the set-\\ntlers were killed and scalped, and some of the sur-\\nvivors were so frightened that they returned to\\nCarolina. But others came to take their places.\\nThe log cabins were built in straight lines with\\nthe backs of the cabins toward the forest. The\\nspaces between the cabins were filled with high\\nstockades that is to say, high fences or palisades\\nmade of heavy timbers driven into the ground.\\nThere were strong wooden gates which were shut\\nat night or in time of danger.\\nThe houses were built of logs, and had steep\\nroofs made of great clapboards. Wooden pins", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "226\\nHistory of the United States,\\nserved for nails. There were loopholes through\\nwhich to watch the Indians and to fire upon them.\\nThe settlers cleared some land for farms, but for\\nseveral years they lived in the stockade. It was a\\nbrave and hardy race that peopled the western and\\nsouthern country.\\nWhen the danger from the Indians became less,\\nthe settlers lived on their own land. The pioneer\\nfarmer first built\\nM. his loo: cabin, and\\nthen made his\\nclearing in the\\nforest by burning\\nthe brush, cutting-\\ndown the small\\ntrees, and girdling\\nthe large ones.^\\nCorn was plant-\\ned among the\\nstumps and dead\\ntrees, and it was\\na time of rejoicing when the ears were old enough\\nfor roasting. When the corn was harvested, the\\ngrains were broken into hominy, Indian fashion,\\nby being pounded in a hollow, wooden block. Wild\\nBoone s Fori-.\\nFrom a drawing by Colonel Henderson in Collins s\\nHistorical Collections of Kentucky.\\nTo girdle a tree is to cut a groove around the trunk quite through\\nthe bark. This prevents the sap from ascending, and the tree soon\\ndies. The absence of foUage on the dead trees allows the sun to reach\\nthe corn and ripen it.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "Daniel Boone. 227\\nturkeys, venison, and bear meat made a change of\\ndiet. In almost every home there was a spinning-\\nwheel, and instead of flax the women used the beaten\\nstalks of nettles.\\nIn 1776 and 1777 the settlers were attacked again\\nand again by the Indians. One day Boone s daugh-\\nter and two other girls went in a canoe on the river;\\nsuddenly five Indians seized them and carried them\\noff. As soon as Boone heard of this misfortune, he\\nand seven men went in pursuit.\\nThe girls were badly frightened when captured,\\nand two, including Boone s daughter, gave up to\\ndespair. The eldest of the three girls was sure that\\ntheir absence would soon be noticed and their trail\\nfollowed. So, to guide their rescuers, she broke off\\ntwigs as they went along. The Indians saw her\\ndoing this, and threatened to tomahawk her if she\\ndid it again. Then she tore off little bits of her\\ndress and dropped them when she thought she\\ncould do it without beino- seen.\\no\\nThe Indians kept the girls apart from each other,\\nand now and then made them walk in the brooks\\nto hide all marks of their path.\\nBoone started the very evening of the day they\\nwere captured, and followed their trail so accurately\\nthat he came up with the Indians in thirty-six\\nhours.\\nThe Indians thought they were safe, and hav-\\ning killed a young buffalo were about to cook it.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "2 28 History of the United States.\\nBoone gave no sign of his approach, but when near\\nenough he and a companion levelled their rifles and\\nkilled two of the Indians. The three others sprang\\nup and ran off, leaving guns, tomahawks, scalping\\nknives, and their captives. The girls were unhurt,\\nand were escorted back in safety to their homes.\\nDaniel Boone himself did not always escape. At\\none time he went with some companions to get salt\\nfrom a salt spring, or salt-lick, as it was called,\\nand while he was out hunting, alone, a party of\\nabout a hundred Indians came upon him, and\\nthough he attempted to escape by running, he was\\novertaken and captured. His captors did not hurt\\nhim, but adopted him into their tribe, for the\\nIndians greatly admired his skill.\\nBoone quietly accepted his fate, and was appar-\\nently cheerful and happy. He took part in the\\ngames he shot at a mark with the Indians, but\\nwas careful not to shoot so well as to excite their\\nenvy. He showed no anxiety to be released lest he\\nmight cause them to watch him more closely, for\\nthe Indians did not quite trust him.\\nEvery time he went out hunting they counted\\nhis balls, and when he came back they looked to\\nsee how much powder he had used. On one excur-\\nsion he found a body of warriors plotting to attack\\nBoonesborough. He now felt that he must attempt\\nto escape in order to warn his friends. One day he\\nwent out on his morning s hunt as usual, but as soon", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "Daniel Boone. 229\\nas he was out of si^ht of the Indians he started off\\nrapidly for Boonesborough, a hundred and sixty\\nmiles away.\\nHis path lay through forests and swamps, and\\nacross many rivers, among them the Ohio, which he\\ncrossed by means of an old canoe he found among\\nthe bushes on the banks. He lived upon a little\\ndried venison which he had managed to hide, for\\nuntil he crossed the Ohio he did not dare to shoot\\nany game or light a fire.\\nIn less than five days he presented himself before\\nhis friends at Boonesborough. They could hardly\\nbelieve their eyes, for all had given him up as dead.\\nEven his wife believed that he must have been killed,\\nand she had gone back to North Carolina.\\nSome weeks afterward, a force of over four hun-\\ndred Indians and a few Canadians appeared. There\\nwere but fifty fighting men in the stockade. After\\nmany attempts to get the little garrison to surren-\\nder, an attack was begun it was kept up for nine\\ndays. The assailants tried to set fire to the fort\\nthey dug a mine, hoping to get under the stockade,\\nbut the fort was near a river, and the muddy water\\nbetrayed them.\\nThe Indians did not dare at any time to come\\nvery near, for the Kentuckians with their rifles\\nwould shoot any one who came within range. The\\nwomen moulded the bullets, provided food, and\\nhelped to keep watch.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "230\\nHistory of the United States.\\nAfter twelve days the attacking party went away.\\nThe Kentuckians had two men killed, and four\\nwounded, while the Indians lost ten times as\\nmany.\\nThe little party of defenders had been sparing of\\ntheir powder and shot, but the besiegers had been\\nwasteful of theirs, for Boone says, We picked up\\nExterior. Interior.\\nA Pioneer Home in Kentucky.\\none hundred and twenty-five pounds of bullets,\\nbesides what stuck in the logs of our fort.\\nAfter this, Boone went to North Carolina and\\nbrought back his wife and those of their children\\nshe had taken with her.\\nDaniel Boone had many other adventures and\\nhairbreadth escapes. When the population in-\\ncreased, he moved to Missouri, about fifty miles\\nwest of St. Louis. This he did not only because\\ngame was scarce, but because he loved the freedom\\nof frontier life, and wished, as he said, more elbow-\\nroom. There he lived the rest of his life, dying in\\nhis eighty-sixth year.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "Daniel Boone.\\nOUTLINE.\\n231\\nUp to 1763 the country west of the Alleghanies was\\nalmost unknown to the English settlers. Daniel Boone\\nwas one of the first to explore it. His first visit to Ken-\\ntucky was in 1764. He found the country even more attrac-\\ntive than he had expected. In 1775 he began to make a\\nsettlement. The settlers had much trouble from the\\nIndians. Boone himself was captured, but succeeded in\\nescaping. Boone was an ideal backwoodsman. He died\\nin his eighty-sixth year.\\nTell the story of Daniel Boone s early life.\\nTell the story of Boone s first visit to Kentucky.\\nTell how the Indians attacked their foes.\\nTell the story of how Boone led a party of settlers into Ken-\\ntucky.\\nDescribe how the settlers built their huts for defence.\\nDescribe the settlers manner of life.\\nTell the story of the capture of Boone s daughter and her com-\\npanions.\\nTell the story of Boone s own capture, and his escape of the\\nIndian attack on the fort.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "THOMAS JEFFERSON.\\nThomas Jefferson was born in Virginia in 1743.\\nHis father, Peter Jefferson, had been one of the first\\nsettlers of that part of the country. He was a rich\\nplanter, and, like Washington, a land surveyor.\\nPeter Jefferson was a man of great force of charac-\\nter. He was remarkable for his physical strength.\\nIt was said that he could stand between two hogs-\\nheads of tobacco, each weighing about a thousand\\npounds, and set them both upon end at once.\\nThomas Jefferson inherited not only his father s\\nheight and physical strength, but also his spirit of\\nsturdy self-reliance. He was an earnest and ener-\\ngetic boy, putting his whole heart into whatever he\\ndid. Above all things he hated sham and pretence.\\nAt school he was so industrious that he was able\\nto enter an advanced class at William and Mary\\nCollege when he was only seventeen years old. At\\ncollege he is said to have studied from twelve to\\nfifteen hours a day.\\nHe was graduated at the age of nineteen he was\\nfamiliar with Latin and Greek, knew some French\\nand Spanish, and was skilled in mathematics. He\\nwas also able to write and speak clear, forcible, and\\nelegant English.\\nBut with all his devotion to study, young Jeffer-\\n232", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "Thomas Jefferson.\\n233\\nson did not neglect his physical education. He\\nexcelled in every manly exercise, was a good dancer,\\nand a famous rider. While at college his study\\nhours gave him little time for exercise, but every\\nThomas jkfff.rson.\\nAfter the painting by Gilbert Stuart.\\nevening, at twilight, he used to run to a certain\\nstone and back again, a distance of two miles.\\nAfter he left college he kept up his habit of hard\\nwork, rising at five o clock in the morning in winter,\\nand earlier in summer, so that he might have time\\nfor study.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "2 34 History of the United States.\\nHe was then six feet two inches tall straight as\\nan arrow, with sharp features, a ruddy complexion,\\na deHcate skin, red hair and large, deep-set, hazel\\neyes. His manner was frank and cordial, full of\\nsympathy and confidence. Much of his success\\nPatrick Henry addressing the Virginia Assembly.\\nAfter the painting by A. Chappel.\\nwas due to the buoyant, hopeful disposition which\\nwas his throuo h life.\\nHe studied law and became a successful lawyer,\\nthough he was never a good speaker. In 1 765, while\\na law student at Williamsburg, then the capital of\\nVirginia, he went to hear a debate on the Stamp\\nAct, in the House of Burgesses. It was the day\\nthat Patrick Henry made his famous speech against", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "Thomas Jefferson. 235\\nthe Act, in which he said, Caesar had his Brutus\\nCharles the First his Cromwell and George the\\nThird Here, thinkins: that the orator was\\nabout to suggest the death of the king, the Speaker\\nof the House and others cried out, Treason, trea-\\nson As soon as there was a pause, Patrick\\nHenry, fixing his eyes upon the Speaker, added,\\nAnd George the Third may profit by their exam-\\nple.\\nTen years later, Jefferson was a member of the\\nVirginia convention. It was just before the battle\\nof Lexington. Patrick Henry now made another\\nfamous speech, in which he said We must fight\\nI repeat it, sir, we must fight and ending, As\\nfor me, give me liberty or give me death Jeffer-\\nson never forgot these scenes.\\nAt the age of thirty-two, Jefferson was sent as a\\ndeleo-ate to the Continental Cons^ress at Philadel-\\nphia. A year later he was on the committee to\\ndraw up the Declaration of Independence, and\\nthat document is almost wholly his work.\\nFrom this time until he was an old man, Jeffer-\\nson was constantly in the public service. He was\\nthe means of putting an end to a law in Virginia\\nwhich provided that land should be inherited only\\nby the eldest son of a family. The new law allowed\\nland to be divided among a man s children.\\nIn man}^ of the colonies there was a state church\\nthat is, a church which everybody was taxed to sup-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "236 History of the United States.\\nport. Jefferson thought it very unjust that those\\nwho were not members of that church or of any\\nchurch should be thus taxed. He persuaded the\\nlegislature of Virginia to repeal this law, so that all\\ndenominations should be treated alike. No state\\nnow taxes for church support.\\nWhen Dr. Franklin asked to be allowed to\\nreturn home from France, Jefferson was appointed\\nhis successor. You replace Dr. Franklin, I hear,\\nsaid the French minister to him. I succeed\\nhim, replied Jefferson. No one can replace\\nhim.\\nJefferson was five years in France then, while\\non his way back to America, he was appointed\\nsecretary of state by President Washington.\\nOn his return to his home in Virginia, his negro\\nslaves were so glad to see him that they lifted him\\nout of his carriage, put him on their shoulders, and\\ncarried him up the hill to his house.\\nJefferson was chosen Vice-President in 1796, and\\nPresident in 1801. He was reelected in 1804, ^.nd\\nso was President eight years. In 1800 the seat of\\ngovernment was changed from Philadelphia to\\nWashington.\\nThough Jefferson s home life was famous for its\\ngenerous hospitality, he believed in simplicity of\\nmanner rather than in luxury and display. Wash-\\nington and John Adams had thought that, as the\\nPresident was the highest officer in the land, he", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "Thomas Jefferson. 237\\nshould observe the strictest formaHty. Wash-\\nington had driven about in a fine cream-colored\\ncoach, with four and sometimes six horses. No\\nvisitor could approach him without much ceremony.\\nWhen Congress met, Washington drove to the Cap-\\nitol with a great deal of pomp and parade, and read\\nhis message in person. John Adams did the same.\\nJefferson at his inauguration changed all this.\\nHe came to the Capitol on foot, in his ordinary\\ndress, escorted by a body of militia artillery, and\\naccompanied by a few of his political friends.\\nHe read his speech in the Senate chamber with\\nlittle or no ceremony. When the time came for an\\nannual message, he sent by a messenger a written\\ncopy to Congress. This example has been followed\\never since\\nAt the White House, the official residence of the\\nPresident, almost any one could see and converse\\nwith Jefferson. On one occasion, a foreign minister\\nwas received by Jefferson in a dressing-gown, and\\na pair of old slippers. Since Jefferson s day, no\\nPresident has ventured to appear in anything but\\ncitizen s dress, or to introduce very much formality\\nat the White House.\\nWhen Jefferson became President in 1801, the\\nwestern boundary of the United States was the\\nMississippi River. Spain owned Florida, the land\\naround the mouth of the Mississippi, and all west of\\nthe river. Citizens of what was then the western", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "238 History of the United States.\\npart of the United States could not ship goods to\\nEurope, or receive them from Europe, except\\nthrough Spanish territory.\\nWhile the Americans were thinkino; what was\\nthe best thing to do to get free navigation of the\\nMississippi, Spain transferred Louisiana, as all\\nthe land west of the river was called, to France.\\nJefferson desired to buy from France a tract of\\nland at the mouth of the Mississippi, so that goods\\nfor the United States could be landed. To accom-\\nplish this purpose, he sent envoys to France.\\nTo the surprise of the American envoys, Na-\\npoleon, the ruler of France, offered to sell the whole\\nof Louisiana. They accepted his offer, and secured\\nthe vast territory for the United States in 1803.\\nThis purchase doubled the national possessions,\\nfor it must be remembered that Louisiana then in-\\ncluded all the country between the Mississippi River\\nand the Rocky Mountains. The inhabitants of the\\nUnited States could now spread westward without\\nfear of a foreign enemy.\\nThe purchase of Louisiana was the most impor-\\ntant event of Jefferson s term as President. It was\\none of the most important events in American his-\\ntory. It was the first annexation to the territory of\\nthe United States.\\nJefferson s home was at Monticello, on the plan-\\ntation which he had inherited from his father.\\nHere he lived after his retirement from public life,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "Thomas JefFerson.\\n239\\nan object of affection to his household and to his\\nneighbors, and of interest to his countrymen and\\nto foreigners. Here he passed his dechning years,\\nand welcomed with lavish hospitality the many who\\ncame to see him.\\nHe was a kind and considerate master to his\\nslaves. He did not believe in slavery, and would\\ngladly have seen it banished from the country.\\nMONTICELLO.\\nThe North Front.\\nHe was much interested in education, and was\\nthe founder of the University of Virginia, near Char-\\nlottesville.\\nJefferson was much more of a politician than\\nWashington or Adams had been he was a good\\nparty manager, and was the first President who\\nrewarded his political friends w4th public office.\\nHe lived to be an old man dying on the 4th", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "240 History of the United States.\\nof July, 1826, just fifty years after the Declaration\\nof Independence was proclaimed. John Adams,\\nthe second President of the United States, died on\\nthe same day. These two men had done very\\nmuch to bring about the independence of the\\nUnited States, and they lived to see their country\\nbecome one of the great nations of the world.\\nOUTLINE.\\nThomas Jefferson was the son of a Virginia planter.\\nHe was born in 1743. He received a good education. He\\ngraduated at WiUiam and Mary College. He was a law-\\nyer. He was sent to the Continental Congress and drafted\\nthe Declaration of Independence. He was constantly in\\npublic life. He was chosen Vice-President in 1796, and\\nPresident in 1801. He believed in Democratic simpHcity.\\nDuring his term of office Louisiana was bought from\\nFrance.\\nWhen and where was Thomas Jefiferson born\\nTell the story of his college Hfe.\\nDescribe his personal appearance.\\nWhat celebrated document did he draw up?\\nWhat ideas did he have in regard to luxury and display?\\nWhat was the most important event of his term as President?\\nName some of his personal characteristics.\\nWhen did he die", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "LEWIS AND CLARK.\\nVery soon after the Louisiana territory was\\nturned over to the United States, President Jeffer-\\nson sent out an expedition\\nto explore the country, for\\nit was almost unknown to\\nwhite men.\\nThe party consisted of\\nthirty-four men, under the\\nlead of two captains, Meri-\\nwether Lewis and William\\nClark. Both were from\\nVirginia, and familiar with\\nbackwoods life.\\nThey set out from St.\\nLouis in May, 1804. In\\norder to secure the good-\\nwill of the Indians, they car-\\nried with them, among\\nother thino^s, beads, coats,\\nblankets, knives, and toma-\\nhawks.\\nThey expected to live by hunting. Their orders\\nwere to follow the Missouri River to its source; to\\nR 241\\nMeriwether Lewis.\\nAfter the drawing by St. Memin\\ngraved by Strickland.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "242 History of the United States.\\ncross the Rocky Mountains, and follow the Columbia\\nRiver to its mouth. This river had been first seen\\nby Captain Robert Gray, of the American ship\\nColumbia in 1791.^ It was explored by him for\\nseveral miles, in the following year, and was named\\nafter his ship, the Columbia.\\nIt was a beautiful time of the year to start on\\nsuch a journey. All vegetation was fresh and green.\\nThe explorers were much pleased with the country.\\nThere were groves of hickory, walnut and cotton-\\nwood trees along the river,\\nand there was an abundance\\nof wild fruit.\\nIt took them all the sum-\\nmer to reach the Platte\\nRiver. Here on the bluffs,\\nover the river, they held a\\ngreat council with Indians,\\nand named the place Coun-\\ncil Bluffs.\\nThe Indians were friendly,\\nand there was little trouble\\nin dealing with them, be-\\ncause they were treated\\nfairly. They were greatly pleased with the presents\\ngiven them.\\nThe party of explorers went on, following the\\nWilliam Clark.\\nFrom Lewis and Clark s Travels\\nSome authorities state that it had been previously discovered by the\\nSpaniards, in 1592.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "Lewis and Clark. 243\\nMissouri River until late in the autumn. Then,\\nhaving found a place where there was plenty of tim-\\nber, they encamped and began to cut down trees\\nwith which to build huts for their winter quarters.\\nAs soon as the spring opened, they started again,\\nand by the latter part of April reached the mouth\\nof the Yellowstone River. They climbed some\\nbluffs, and saw spread before them the wide plains\\nwatered by the Missouri and Yellowstone. Herds\\nof buffalo, deer, elk, and antelope could be seen,\\nand the wooded banks and irregular windings of the\\nrivers gave a pleasing variety to the picture.\\nThe men resumed their march, and in a few weeks\\nsaw a snow-covered range of mountains, stretching\\nnorth and south as far as the eye could see. These\\nthey knew must be the Rocky Mountains.\\nOne day Captain Lewis saw a mist in the distance.\\nWhen he came nearer he found it to be caused by\\ngreat falls in the river. For several miles the\\nMissouri rushes along over rocks and precipices,\\nthrough canons and narrow ways, now almost lost\\nto view, now coming into sight again. The boats\\nhad to be drawn over the ground for miles, before\\nthey could be launched again. Soon the explorers\\nfound that these boats were not at all suited for the\\nstream in which they were to be used, and so others\\nwere built out of trees which were cut down along\\nthe banks of the river.\\nBefore many days, the bed of the river became so", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "244 History of the United States.\\nrocky and its current so swift that the men could\\nnot use the boats. To add to their discouragement,\\nno Indian ofuide could be found, and it seemed im-\\npossible to go on through the trackless wilderness.\\nAt last Captain Lewis set out alone, saying that\\nhe would not return until he found a guide. He\\nkept on his solitary way until he came to a small\\ngap in the mountains, where there was just room\\nLewis and Clark s Route.\\nenough between the river and the cliff for an Indian\\ntrail. This he followed.\\nAfter suffering many hardships. Captain Lewis\\nreached an Indian village. The inhabitants could\\nnot believe that he had crossed the mountains alone.\\nAt length some of the Indians went back with him,\\nand, finding his story true, furnished guides and\\nhorses for his party.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "Lewis and Clark. 245\\nThe march was a difficult one sometimes the\\nlittle company could go only five miles in a whole\\nday. The path was often stony sometimes it led\\nalong steep precipices sometimes through wild\\ncanons. It was so difficult to find food that they\\nate their broken-down horses.\\nThough the men were ragged, weary, footsore,\\nand half-starved, they kept on. After a while they\\nreached a river on which, their guides told them,\\nit would be safe to embark. So they built new\\ncanoes, and began to descend the stream. As they\\njourneyed they came to a larger river, which they\\ncalled the Lewis and another river which joined\\nfarther on, they called the Clark. Then they floated\\ninto the Columbia itself.\\nThey were delighted with the beautiful scenery and\\nthe charming country through which they passed. It\\ntook them a long time to descend the great river, but\\nthe day of success came to them at last.\\nIt was a rainy, foggy morning in the autumn\\nthey could see only a short distance around them\\nonce they stopped to get some food at an Indian\\nvillage on an island in the river. They started\\nagain, and had not gone far from this village when\\nthe fog lifted, and they enjoyed the delightful\\nprospect of the ocean that ocean, the object of all\\ntheir labors, the reward of all their anxieties. Soon\\nthey heard the roaring of the breakers, and their\\njoy was complete.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "246 History of the United States.\\nIt was now November, and far too late in the\\nseason for them to think of crossing the mountains\\nagain. So they chose a place in which to spend the\\nwinter, and made ready for their stay.\\nDuring the winter they learned all that they\\ncould about the country its minerals, trees, shrubs,\\nflowers, fruits, animals, fishes, birds, and even its\\ninsects.\\nThey found out how the Indians lived, what fish\\nand animals they caught, and what furs they had to\\nexchange. They wrote in a journal their adven-\\ntures and what they had learned, and it has made a\\nvery interesting book.\\nThey began their return journey in March, 1806,\\nand in the following September, two years and\\nfour months after they had set out, they reached\\nSt. Louis.\\nThey had explored a large part of the Louisiana\\nterritory, and had also discovered and explored a\\ngreat region beyond the Rocky Mountains. In\\ndoing this they had helped the United States to\\ngain a title to a vast territory.\\nWhat they had to tell and what they had to show\\ncreated great wonder and interest. The knowledge\\nof their discovery spread over the land, and it was\\nsoon understood that Louisiana was a far greater\\nacquisition than any one had ever imagined.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "Lewis and Clark. 247\\nOUTLINE.\\nPresident Jefferson, in 1804, sent Captains Lewis and\\nClark to explore the territory of the Louisiana purchase.\\nThey had many adventures. They discovered the Colum-\\nbia River and followed it to its mouth. The whole journey\\ntook nearly two years and a half.\\nFor what purpose did President Jefferson send out Lewis and\\nClark\\nTell the story of their journey to the Yellowstone River.\\nTell the story of their journey to the Columbia River.\\nDescribe their first sight of the Pacific.\\nOf what value was their journey?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "ZEBULON M. PIKE.\\nWhile Lewis and Clark were exploring the coun-\\ntry to the north, President Jefferson sent Lieuten-\\nant Zebulon Pike to find out\\nthe direction, the extent, and\\nthe character of the Red\\nRiver and the Arkansas.\\nHe was also, if possible, to\\nestablish friendly relations\\nwith the Indians.\\nLieutenant Pike and his\\nparty of twenty-four men\\nset out from St. Louis in\\nJuly, 1806. They went in\\nboats up the Osage River to\\nsome Indian villages, where\\nthey secured horses, and\\nthen began their long overland journey.\\nOn reaching the Arkansas River, the company\\ndivided, part following down the river to the Mis-\\nsissippi, w^iile Pike and the others went up the\\nstream to discover its source.\\nFor about a month they ascended the river.\\nNow they found the stream very small, and Pike,\\nto gain some idea of the country, climbed a high\\n248\\nZ. M. Pike.\\nFrom an engraving by Gimbrede, in\\nThe Analectic Magazine.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "Zebulon M. Pike.\\n249\\nPike s Peak.\\nFrom the Garden of the Gods.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "250 History of the United States.\\nmountain which has since fitly borne his name,\\nPike s Peak.\\nLike every one who has since stood on that peak,\\nhe was deeply impressed with the wonderful pros-\\npect spread out before him. There was the river\\nwinding along until it was lost in the horizon.\\nThere were the great plains, where thousands of\\nbuffaloes were roving. The air was so clear that\\nhe could see a great distance in every direction.\\nWinter now came on, the streams were all frozen,\\nand the trails were covered with snow. Pike and\\nhis companions went hither and thither, not know-\\ning which way to tarn; but, in spite of being almost\\nstarved and half-frozen, they never lost heart. At\\nlast Pike thought that they could not be very far\\nfrom the Spanish town of Santa Fe. One of the\\ncompany volunteered to try to find it, and started\\noff. The others awaited the result.\\nOne day, while Pike was out hunting for game,\\nhe was greatly surprised to see two Spaniards come\\nriding up to him. They told him that he was\\nwithin two days journey of Santa Fe, where his\\ncomrade had already arrived.\\nPike took the Spaniards to his camp without\\nany distrust, and treated them kindly. A few days\\nlater a body of Spanish cavalry rode up, and took\\nPike and his companions prisoners, informing them\\nthat they were on Spanish territory, and would have\\nto explain their presence.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "Zebulon M. Pike.\\n251\\nThe little body of Americans presented a sorry\\nappearance. Pike was wearing blue trousers, moc-\\ncasins, a blanket coat, and a scarlet cap lined with\\na fox skin. There was not a hat in the whole com-\\npany, and the men had on well-worn shabby leather\\nleggins, coats, and breech-cloths.\\nThe Spaniards finally became satisfied that Pike\\nhad no wish to injure Spain, or to trespass on her\\nPike s Route.\\nterritory, and said that he and his men might return\\nto the United States. They were, however, for-\\nbidden to go back the way that they had come, and\\nwere sent home throuo-h Texas.\\nWhile they were at Santa Fe, Pike was told by an\\nAmerican who was living there that he had found\\ngold along the Platte River. This was then thought\\nto be an idle story, but many years after, gold was\\ndiscovered where the old hunter said he had found it.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "252 History of the United States.\\nOUTLINE.\\nWhile Lewis and Clark were to explore the north,\\nLieutenant Pike and his party were sent to explore the\\nsouth. He discovered Pike s Peak. They were captured\\nby the Spaniards, but finally released.\\nFor what purpose was Lieutenant Pike sent out?\\nTell the story of his journey.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "EARLY INVENTORS, JOHN FITCH, ROBERT\\nFULTON, ELI WHITNEY.\\nLong before a successful steamboat was built,\\nmen had thought that steam could be used to pro-\\npel boats through water.\\nOne man proposed that steam should be used to\\nmove a paddle, shaped somewhat like a duck s foot,\\nwhich would send the boat forward.\\nTwo men, about the same time, one in France,\\nand James Rumsey in Virginia, thought that if\\nwater was sucked in from the bow of a vessel, and\\nforced out at the stern, the boat would be pushed\\nforward. Rumsey tried this plan, and succeeded in\\nmaking a boat go at the rate of four miles an hour.\\nNeither the duck s foot nor the suction plan, how-\\never, worked well enough to come into practical use.\\nMeanwhile there was a man who thouoht of a\\nstill better plan this was John Fitch. He was\\nborn in Connecticut in 1743; he was fond of books\\nwhen a boy, but had little chance to study, for he\\nwas allowed to attend school only a few weeks in\\nthe year. When eleven years old he wished very\\nmuch to have a geography. His father would not give\\nhim one, but allowed him to raise enough potatoes\\nto pay for the book.\\n253", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "254 History of the United States.\\nWhen he was older, he became a watch and clock-\\nmaker; then a button-maker; then a silversmith.\\nHe was in the Revolutionary army at V^alley Forge.\\nHe afterward went to Kentucky and became a land\\nsurveyor.\\nOnce he started from Pittsburg on a flat-boat to\\ngo to New Orleans but, before he had reached the\\nMississippi, he and most of his companions were\\ncaptured by the Indians. The prisoners were\\nforced to carry their own cargo to the Indian villages,\\nFitch was compelled to run the gantlet, and was\\nused cruelly in other ways.\\nHis skill in making ornaments soon procured for\\nhim kindly treatment; after some months, he was\\nransomed by a British officer at Detroit. By indus-\\ntry he earned enough to pay for his ransom from the\\nIndians and after a long time he was exchanged as\\na prisoner of war.\\nThere came into his mind the idea of a boat that\\ncould be moved by steam, and from that time until\\nhis death, he had this subject almost continually in\\nhis thoughts.\\nAfter many difficulties, he had a boat built on\\nthe Delaware River. Instead of paddle-wheels, there\\nwere, on each side of the boat, six oars which were\\nmoved by a small engine.\\nThis steamboat he called the Perseverance.\\nIt went at the rate of about seven miles an hour.\\nOn the twelfth of October, 1788, it steamed from", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "Early Inventors.\\n25s\\nPhiladelphia to Burlington, twenty miles, in three\\nhours. This short voyage by steamer was the first\\nin history. The\\nworking of this P^^i\\nboat was so ex-\\npensive that the\\nPerseverance\\nfailed to make\\ngood her name.\\nFitch visited\\nEurope to see what he could do there, but was\\nunsuccessful in accomplishing anything. He re-\\nturned to America, and went to Kentucky, where\\nhe died in 1796. He\\nused to say that the time\\nPerseverance.\\nJohn Fitch s first steamboat, as seen on the Delaware in\\n1787; speed seven miles an hour.\\nwould come when steam-\\nboats would sail reor-\\nularly on the rivers, and\\nwould cross the Atlantic\\nOcean, but he was laus^hed\\nat and thought to be an\\nidle dreamer.\\nAnother American was\\nmore fortunate than Fitch\\nhad been. This was Robert\\nFulton, the son of an Irish\\ntailor, who Hved near Lancaster, Pennsylvania.\\nRobert Fulton was born in 1765. He was not\\nfond of study when a boy, but he had a very in-\\nRoBERT Fulton.\\nFrom D. C. Colden s Life of Fulton.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "256 History of the United States.\\nventive mind and was continually making experi-\\nments. When he wished to have a pencil, he ham-\\nmered one out of lead w^ien he wanted fireworks,\\nhe made rockets of his own. He invented an air\\ngun he was fond of fishing, but did not like to\\nrow the boat, so he invented a boat to be rowed by\\npaddles.\\nHe was so skilful with his brush that he decided\\nto become an artist. When he was only seventeen,\\nhe went to Philadelphia, and supported himself by\\npainting landscapes and portraits, and making draw-\\nings of machinery. He saved enough money to buy\\na farm for his mother, and then, when he was about\\ntwenty-one, went to study art in Europe.\\nHe remained in Europe many years. While\\nthere his mind was turned to practical thino^s. He\\nbecame skilled in engineering he designed aque-\\nducts, bridges, canals, and other works.\\nHe invented a boat that would move under water\\nand carry torpedoes to blow up war vessels. At\\nthis time he was thinking of moving vessels by\\nsteam.\\nWhile in France he built a boat to be moved by\\nsteam, and everything was ready for the trial, when\\nthe weight of the machinery broke the boat in two,\\nand it sank. Fulton had the machinery raised out\\nof the water, and resolved to try again. He soon\\nhad another boat made laro^er and stronger than the\\nfirst; and using the same machinery as before, he", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "Early Inventors. 257\\nmade another trial which was successful. But this\\nboat was only an experiment.\\nFulton was so sure of success with larger vessels,\\nthat he ordered the various parts of a steam engine\\nto be made. This work had to be done in Eng-\\nland, for at that time there w^re no manufactories in\\nAmerica where they could be made. He shipped\\nthe engine to America, for he intended his next\\ntrial to be made in his ow^n country.\\nWhile in Paris Fulton had formed a close friend-\\nship with Robert R. Livingston, the American minis-\\nter to France, a man of means and influence. It\\nwas by Livingston s help that Fulton was enabled\\nto carry out his plan.\\nAs soon as Fulton arrived in the United States,\\nhe set about building a very much larger vessel\\nthan he had yet attempted. He w^as laughed at\\nand ridiculed. His vessel was nicknamed Ficl-\\ntojis Folly, and almost every one prophesied that\\nit would be a failure.\\nThe vessel was finished in August, 1807. The\\nEnglish engines had been put together and placed\\nin position. All was ready for the trial. A large\\ncrowd gathered on the wharves in New York to\\nsee what was going on, and to make sport of Fulton s\\nFolly. Black smoke came out of the smoke-pipe,\\nthe wheels turned and then stopped. The crowd\\nbegan to jeer, but the trouble with the engine w^as\\nremedied, the wheels again revolved, the vessel kept", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "258 History of the United States.\\non, and the scoffing of the lookers-on was soon\\nchanged to hurrahs.\\nThe Clermont, as the little vessel was called in\\nhonor of Livingston s home, soon went up the river\\nto Albany. The dense black smoke pouring out of\\nher smoke-pipe, the noise of her machinery, her\\nmoving against wind, tide, and current, filled all\\nThe Clermont.\\nFrom Rergart s Life of Fulton.\\nthose who saw her with wonder. On her return\\nvoyage, one man shouted, See the sawmill going\\ndown the river, working as it goes. Some were so\\nterrified when she passed them that they fell on\\ntheir knees, or ran away from the dreadful sight.\\nThe Clermont made only five miles an hour, a\\nspeed much less than that of Fitch s Persever-\\nance but Fulton s paddle-wheels were far better\\nthan Fitch s oars, and the boat could be run at", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "Early Inventors. 259\\nmuch less cost. To Fulton belongs the credit of\\ninventing the first practical steamboat.\\nFulton did not get much money for his great\\ninvention, and died, in 18 15, a poor man. He is\\nburied in Trinity churchyard. New York City.\\nBefore Fulton s death many steamboats were in\\nuse. As early as iSii, the Nezv Orleans, was\\nlaunched at Pittsburg, and after a voyage of three\\ndays reached Louisville. She went on to New\\nOrleans and in a few years many steamers were\\nplying upon the Mississippi and its tributaries.\\nIn 18 1 9, the first steamer crossed the Atlantic\\nOcean. This was the Savannah, which sailed\\nfrom Savannah, Georgia, for England.\\nFrom England she went to St. Petersburg, Rus-\\nsia, stopping at ports in Denmark and Sweden on\\nthe way.\\nIt should be stated, however, that she did not\\nsteam all the time, but depended to a great extent\\non her sails. In fact, her wheels were so arranged\\nthat they could be unshipped and taken on board,\\nwhen not in use.\\nFor a long time only paddle-wheels were used\\nas a means of helping the sails. The screw-pro-\\npeller, invented by John Ericsson, has taken the\\nplace of side-wheels for ocean steamers, and now\\nthe great ocean liners depend upon steam alone.\\nCotton is one of the greatest crops now raised\\nin the United States; but in 1784 eight bags of", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "26o History of the United States.\\ncotton, taken to Liverpool in an American ship,\\nwere seized, because it was thought impossible\\nfor America to raise so much.^\\nAt the present time, millions of bales of cot-\\nton are raised in America every year. This enor-\\nmous increase in the size of the crop is, to a great\\nextent, due to\\na single\\nEli\\ninvention that of\\nWhitney.\\nWhitney was born in\\nWestboro, Massachu-\\nsetts, in 1765. His\\nfather was a farmer, and\\nmore or less of a me-\\nchanic as well. As soon\\nas the son could handle\\ntools, he was always try-\\ning to make something.\\nHe made a very good\\nfiddle when he was only\\ntwelve years old. When\\nhis father, who was away\\nfrom home at the time, came back, he was not very\\nwell pleased, and said, Ah, I fear Eli will have to\\ntake his portion in fiddles.\\nOne Sunday morning, while the rest of the family\\nwere at church, Eli took his father s watch to\\nPI\\nI\\nX\\n9\\nK^^m\\nL\\nJ\\n^m.\\n1\\n^hi\\ntV^ilLlilJ./u\\nAi^.iJM^I mm\\nJ. Ericsson in 1861.\\nAt the time he built the Monitor. From\\nW. C. Church s Life of Ericsson.\\n1 By the English law, at that time, ships were allowed to bring\\nin only such articles as were raised in the country to which the ship\\nbelonged.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "Early Inventors.\\n261\\npieces, and managed to get it together again\\nbefore the family returned.\\nIn the time of the Revolutionary War, nails v^ere\\nscarce and costly. Whitney asked his father to\\ngive him some tools with which to make nails. He\\nmade them by hammering them one by one out of\\na bar of red-hot iron. These sold well until the\\nwar came to an end, when it was no longer profit-\\nable to make nails in that\\nway.\\nAll this time he was\\nworking on the farm, and\\nalso mending everything\\nthat was brought to him\\nfor repair, for he soon\\ngained the reputation of\\nbeing able to mend any-\\nthing. He did not neg-\\nlect study. As soon as\\nhe was old enough, he\\ntaught in the village\\nschool, and partly by his teaching and partly by\\nhis mechanical work, he earned enough money to\\ngo to Yale College, which he entered when he\\nwas twenty-four. He studied well and took his\\ndegree in 1792.\\nHe engaged himself as tutor in a family in\\nGeorgia. The citizens of the state of Georgia\\nwere so grateful to General Nathanael Greene for\\nEli WiiJTNEV.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "262 History of the United States.\\nwhat he had done during the Revolution, in driving\\nthe British from the South, that they gave him a\\ntract of land, not far from the city of Savannah.\\nWhen Whitney reached Georgia, he visited the\\nhome of the Greenes, and while there he mended\\nan embroidery frame for Mrs. Greene so skilfully\\nthat she was greatly pleased and much impressed\\nwith his ability.\\nOne day, when there was a company of gentlemen\\npresent, the conversation turned upon cotton and\\nthe difficulty of separating the cotton fibre from\\nthe seeds. The wish was expressed that some\\nbetter and quicker way of accomplishing this hard\\ntask could be discovered. Mrs. Greene, hearing\\nwhat was said, exclaimed, Gentlemen, apply to\\nmy young friend here, Mr. Whitney; he can do\\nanything\\nWhitney thought much about the matter, and\\nbefore very long he had invented what is called a\\ncotton gin.\\nHe worked under great difficulties, for he had to\\nmake his own tools, and draw his own wire. His\\nsimple and ingenious machine, by means of teeth\\nand wires, separated the cotton fibre from the seeds.\\nIt had taken one person a day to clean with the\\nfingers one or two pounds of cotton, while with the\\naid of Whitney s gin the same person could clean\\na hundred pounds.\\n1 Gin, the same as eno;ine, a machine,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "Early Inventors.\\n26\\nThe difficulty and expense of ridding cotton of\\nthe numerous little seeds entangled in it had dis-\\ncouraged planters from the general cultivation of\\nthe cotton plant. Now that the fibre could be\\nseparated cheaply, the plant began to be raised\\nextensively, and there was a great demand for negro\\nslaves to labor in the cotton fields.\\nThe lower price of cotton led to the establish-\\nment of many mills for the purpose of weaving the\\nfibre into cloth, the\\nprice of which soon\\nfell so much that many\\nmore persons could\\nbuy it, and the demand\\nfor cotton cloth be-\\ncame very great. The\\nlarger crops demanded\\na larger number of\\nvessels to carry the\\ncotton to the Eastern\\nstates and to Europe.\\nWhitney s Cotton Gin.\\nAfter the original model.\\nThere are few inventions\\nof man which have had more far-reaching effects\\nthan this one of a Yankee schoolmaster.\\nEli Whitney s invention was stolen from him\\nwhile he was trying to secure a patent, and though\\nhe received a good deal of money, it was all spent\\nin trying to defend his rights. He afterward\\nsettled near New Haven, Connecticut, and manu-\\nfactured\\nfirearms for the government, inventing", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "264 History of the United States.\\nhis own tools and machinery. In this undertaking\\nhe was very successful, and he died a wealthy man.\\nOUTLINE.\\nVarious plans for propelling vessels through the water\\nby steam were proposed at different times. John Fitch\\nwas the first who proposed a practicable steamboat, but\\nthe cost of running it was too great. Robert Fulton de-\\nsigned the first profitable steamboat. The Clermont went\\nfrom New York to Albany in 1807. The SavaniiaJi, in\\n1 8 19, was the first steamer to cross the Atlantic. The\\ninvention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney increased enor-\\nmously the growth of cotton in the United States, and\\naffected many other interests.\\nDescribe Rumsey s plan for a steamboat.\\nTell the story of John Fitch and his experiments.\\nTell the story of Robert Fulton s early life of his experiments\\nin Paris.\\nTell the story of the Cle7 m.ont.\\nWhat steamer first crossed the Atlantic? When was it?\\nWho invented the propeller?\\nTell the story of Whitney s early life.\\nTell the story of the invention of the cotton gin.\\nWhat effect did the invention have upon the raising of cotton?\\nManufactures? Commerce?\\nDid Whitney profit much by his great invention?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "ANDREW JACKSON.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 TECUMSEH.\\nOF 1812.\\nTHE WAR\\nAndrew Jackson was born in 1767. He was the\\nson of an Irish immigrant, who settled in North\\nCarolina, and who died before he had been in his\\nnew home a year, leav-\\ning a widow and two\\nsons.\\nAndrew s mother was\\nvery poor, and her two\\nboys passed their early\\nyears in poverty. Like\\nmany other backwoods\\nboys, they went to a\\nschool kept in a log-\\ncabin in the pine woods.\\nAndrew was not long Andrew Jackson.\\nat school, for those were in 1830. Age 63. After the portrait by R. W.\\ny J Earl in the U. S. National Museum.\\nstu-rmg tmies. He was\\nnine years old at the time of the Declaration of\\nIndependence.\\nThe home of the family was just in the line\\nof march of the British army. Andrew and his\\nbrother Robert, young as they were, took their\\n265", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "266 History of the United States.\\npart in fighting the enemy and once, when Andrew\\nwas about thirteen, they were both captured.\\nThe troops had been marching in the mud, and\\nwhen the prisoners were brought to camp, a British\\nofficer pulled off his boots, and, throwing them to\\nAndrew, ordered him in very rough language to\\nclean them. The boy refused, and the angry officer\\nstruck him so sharply with his sword that he bore\\nthe scars for the rest of his life.\\nAndrew s brother was treated in like manner,\\nand then the boys were put in prison. Later they\\nfell ill with small-pox; their mother managed to get\\nthem exchanged but Robert died soon after being\\nreleased.\\nMrs. Jackson was full of pity for the American\\nprisoners confined at Charleston, more than a hun-\\ndred miles away. She went on horseback to visit\\nand help them. While at Charleston she con-\\ntracted the prison fever and died. Andrew, now\\nabout fourteen years old, was left alone.\\nHe made up his mind to learn a trade, choosing\\nthat of a saddler but he soon found that it was\\nnot suited to his active disposition, and gave it up.\\nHe next tried keeping a country store, but he did\\nnot like this much better then he studied law and\\ntaught school. His law studies were not very deep\\nor extensive, but he was admitted to the bar.\\nThinking that he should have more chance of suc-\\ncess in a new country, he went to what was then", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "Andrew Jackson. 267\\nthe frontier settlement of Tennessee. Here, before\\nlong, he was made a judge. He was well acquainted\\nwith the life and character of the people among\\nwhom he lived, and dispensed justice in a rough\\nand ready fashion that was well suited to them.\\nHe had a mind and a will of his own, and said\\nand did pretty much what he pleased. Everybody\\nknew that he meant exactly what he said, that he\\nwas afraid of nobody, and that he would fight with\\nany one who dared to dispute with him.\\nIn course of time, he was elected a member of\\nthe House of Representatives at Washington. He\\nis described at this time as being tall and thin, hav-\\ning long hair which often used to fall over his face,\\nand was worn behind in a cue tied up in an eelskin.\\nLater still he was sent to the Senate. He was so\\naccustomed to the rough ways of the backwoods\\nthat the sober and sedate habits of the Senate were\\nvery irksome to him. At times when something was\\nsaid that he did not like, he would get so angry that,\\nwhen he rose to reply, he would choke with rage\\nand have to sit down without saying anything.\\nHe was glad to return to Tennessee, when the\\ntime came for him to do so.\\nWhen the Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, and\\nIllinois regions became settled by the whites, the\\nIndians were forced to remove farther and farther\\nwest. The more intelligent Indians saw that the\\ntime would soon come when they would be driven", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "268 History of the United States.\\nout of their lands. Most of the white men seemed\\nto think that the country belonged to them, and\\nthat the Indians were intruders.\\nThe settlers wdshed to own all the land. They\\nwere willing to pay the Indians something for any\\nclaim they might have but the Indian was com-\\npelled to accept the white man s offer. It was\\nbetter that the white man should have the country;\\nbut too often he treated the Indian unjustly and\\ntook advantage of his ignorance.\\nTecumseh, an able Indian, and his brother,\\ncalled the Prophet, resolved, as King Philip had\\ndone, to try to band together all the Indians, and\\ndrive the white men back. Governor William Henry\\nHarrison, of Indiana territory, heard of this plan of\\nthe Indians, and did his best to persuade them not\\nto o-Q to war. Tecumseh, however, came with four\\nhundred Indian warriors to see Governor Harrison.\\nHe recounted to the governor the wrongs of the\\nIndians, and told him that these wrongs would be\\nborne no longer.\\nWhen he had finished his speech, one of the\\nofficers, pointing to the governor, said, Your\\nfather asks you to sit by him. Tecumseh replied\\nwith disdain: My father The sun is my father,\\nand the earth my mother on her bosom will I\\nrepose. He then seated himself on the ground.\\nThe conference was of no avail. Tecumseh now\\nwent to induce the southern Indians to join with", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "Andrew Jackson. 269\\nhim. He succeeded in persuading them to do so.\\nBefore he returned to his own tribe, he gave his\\naUies a bundle of sticks, telling them to throw away\\none stick each day. When all were gone, it would\\nbe time for them to attack the settlers, for by that\\ntime he would have attacked the northern whites.\\nWhile Tecumseh was in the south, his brother,\\nthe Prophet, gathered his forces and proposed to\\nfall upon the whites. General Harrison was familiar\\nwith Indian customs, and learned what the Prophet\\nhad in mind. He determined that, if there was to\\nbe a war, he, and not the Indians, should choose\\nthe time for beginning it.\\nHe therefore collected some troops and marched\\ntoward Tippecanoe, an Indian village, where many\\nw^arriors had gathered.\\nWhen the Prophet found out that troops were\\nnear, he sent to Harrison, offering to make peace.\\nThis was only to put the general off his guard.\\nThe very next morning, about four o clock, while it\\nwas yet dark, the Indians attacked Harrison s men.\\nThe first thing the sentinels heard was a terrible\\nwar-whoop. The troops sprang to arms, and a\\nsharp battle was fought in the darkness. The\\nIndians w^ere defeated, and their village was burned.\\nThis battle was fought November 7, 181 1. General\\nHarrison after this was called Tippecanoe.\\nTecumseh was bitterly disappointed and cha-\\nTippecanoe was where Lafayette, Indiana, is now.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "270 History of the United States.\\ngrined when he reached his old home and found\\nout what had happened. The War of 181 2 with\\nEngland soon began. He joined the British, and\\nwas killed in battle.\\nEngland had been at war with France for a num-\\nber of years. France, under Napoleon, had secured\\ncontrol of a large part of Europe. England, in\\norder to injure France, proclaimed that no vessels\\nof any nation should trade with France or any\\ncountry ruled by France. Napoleon retorted by\\nissuine a decree that no vessel should trade with\\nEngland. As the United States had a good trade\\nwith Europe, these laws hurt American commerce\\nvery much.\\nThe United States government tried in various\\nways to induce England and France to change\\nthese laws, but without success.\\nThese were not the only grievances. England\\nhad a large navy and needed many sailors. In\\norder to secure them, when a war vessel was in an\\nEnglish port, naval officers would send men on\\nshore to seize any able-bodied men they could find,\\nand force them on board their vessel. This was\\ncalled impressing sailors.\\nOf course it was much better to get men who\\nwere already sailors. The British naval officers,\\ntherefore, made it a practice to stop American\\nmerchant ships when they met them, and seize\\nsome of their men. They always claimed that such", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "Andrew Jackson. 271\\nmen were British citizens and could be rightfully-\\nseized.\\nThese officers were not at all careful to find out\\nwhether a man had been born in England or not.\\nIf they saw a fine-looking seaman, they would say,\\nYou must be an Englishman, we will take you.\\nThe captains and crews of the merchant vessels\\ncould do nothing but protest.\\nThousands of Americans were thus seized. The\\nUnited States government would complain to the\\nBritish government but there the matter usually\\nwould end, for the British ministry thought that\\nthe United States would not dare to do anything\\nmore than complain.\\nAt last, in 181 2, the United States declared war\\nagainst England. A great many persons in America\\nthought it very unwise to go to w^ar. England had\\nabout a thousand war vessels, while the United\\nStates had but ten or twelve first-class vessels.\\nEngland s troops were numerous, well drilled, and\\nhad had much experience. The troops of the\\nUnited States were few, poorly disciplined, and\\nunused to w^ar.\\nThose who were for peace not only pointed\\nout these facts, but claimed that all matters in\\ndispute could be satisfactorily arranged without\\nAt that time all European nations held that a man was always a\\ncitizen of the country in which he was born, no matter where he might\\nbe, or to what country he might have emigrated.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "2/2 History of the United States,\\nfighting. It has since been seen that they were\\nright.\\nThough the American war-ships were few, they\\nwere the very best of their class, and were manned\\nby the best sailors in the world. When a report\\nreached England that the Constitution, an American\\nfrigate, had captured the Guei^riere, a British frigate,\\nthe English newspapers said that it could not be\\ntrue, for such a thing was impossible. But it was\\ntrue, nevertheless, and there were other American\\nvictories as well.\\nOn land the British were generally victorious,\\nthough after a while the Americans were able to\\nhold their own on the Canadian border.\\nThe Americans had such a long coast line, and\\nso few vessels to defend it, that the British had\\nmany opportunities to land a force in an unexpected\\nplace. The British made several attacks on the\\ncoast, the most important of which was on the\\nshores of Chesapeake Bay.\\nThey captured Washington, and burnt the Capi-\\ntol, as well as other public buildings. During the\\nBritish bombardment of Fort Mc Henry, near Balti-\\nmore, Francis Scott Key, a young American patriot,\\nwas detained on one of their vessels. He was full\\nof fear lest the fort might be taken, and, while\\nwatching the shot and shell through the long hours\\nof the night, he wrote, on the back of an old\\nletter, the poem The Star-Spangled Banner, which", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "Andrew Jackson.\\n273\\nafterward became a national sone. The British were\\ncompelled to retire without accomplishing their\\nobject.\\nBefore this time the Creek Indians in the south,\\nwho had been excited by Tecumseh, had attacked\\nthe whites. They seized Fort Mims, in which\\nfour hundred men, women, and children had taken\\nrefuge, and cruelly massacred all these captives,\\neven burnino- some of them to death.\\nGold Medal presented by Congress to Andrew Jackson.\\nAndrew Jackson had been a general of militia,\\nand he now marched against these Indians and\\ndefeated them. It was a w^ar of extermination the\\nwhites gave no quarter, but killed every prisoner.\\nThis victory and other successes gave Andrew\\nJackson a great reputation, and he was, in conse-\\nquence, placed in command of the southern army.\\nJackson expected that the British would attack\\nNew Orleans. He was rioht. Twelve thousand or\\nmore English soldiers, the best in the English army,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "274 History of the United States.\\nhad been sent to take this important place. Jack-\\nson made every effort to defend it. He released\\nthe prisoners from the jails, and armed them he\\nalso armed the free negroes he made defences and\\nthrew up earthworks then he waited for the attack.\\nThe British made their assault, January i8, 1815.\\nA terrible battle followed. The British were\\ndriven back, with their general killed, and a loss of\\nabout two thousand men. The Americans lost less\\nthan one hundred.\\nAll this bravery on both sides and this loss of life\\nwere for nothing, because a treaty of peace had al-\\nready been signed in Europe. But there was no\\ntelegraph, no railroad, no ocean steamship in those\\ndays, and it was a long time before the sailing\\nvessels brought the news.\\nStrange to say, the impressment of sailors and\\nthe restrictions on trade were not even named in\\nthe treaty. France had been conquered. Eng-\\nland was at peace with European nations, and no\\nlono-er needed sailors. She had also learned that it\\nwould not be wise to try to take them by force.\\nShe had repealed the old laws restricting trade.\\nHer people were tired of war, and were eager for\\npeace. The people of the United States were also\\nquite ready to stop fighting, and welcomed the\\nnews of the treaty with enthusiasm.\\nThey now devoted themselves to the arts of\\npeace. Canals were constructed, roads were made,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "Andrew Jackson. 275\\nsteamboats built, manufactures established, and\\nthousands of new fields planted with various crops.\\nFor thirty years, with the exception of occasional\\ntroubles with the Indians, the country was at peace\\nand prospered greatly.\\nAndrew Jackson was elected President of the\\nUnited States in 1828. He was the first man who\\nhad risen from the poorest in the land to that high\\noffice. He thought, and very many of his country-\\nmen thought with him, that he represented the whole\\npeople better than had any former President.\\nJackson had been hot-tempered and self-willed as\\na boy, and his disposition was not changed when\\nhe became a man. He was honest in his inten-\\ntions, though often at fault in his judgment.\\nHe thought that all his political friends should\\nbe rewarded. Accordingly, he turned hundreds of\\nmen out of the public offices, and replaced them\\nwith those who had supported him in his campaign\\nfor the presidency.\\nFor about sixty years nearly every President fol-\\nlowed his example. Now, under what are called\\nthe Civil Service Rules, most of those who hold\\noffice are kept in their positions as long as they do\\ntheir work well.\\nAndrew Jackson was elected President a second\\ntime. He died in 1845.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "276 History of the United States.\\nOUTLINE.\\nAndrew Jackson was born in 1767. His parents were\\nvery poor. He took part in fhe Revolutionary War. He\\nremoved to Tennessee, and became a prominent citizen.\\nWas sent to Congress. Was appointed general of militia,\\nand was actively engaged in the Indian wars, in which\\nTecumseh, an Indian chief, was leader. Tecumseh was\\none of the ablest of the Indians. The Indians were de-\\nfeated at Tippecanoe by General WilHam Henry Harrison.\\nThe British impressed American sailors, passed severe\\nlaws restricting trading, and refused to grant American\\nrequests. War broke out between Great Britain and the\\nUnited States. The Americans were remarkably successful\\nin naval warfare, but suffered many reverses on land. Peace\\nwas made, but before news of it reached America, General\\nJackson repulsed a British attack upon New Orleans, and\\nwon a great victory. Jackson was elected President in\\n1828, and reelected in 1832. He was honest, but prejudiced\\nand self-willed. He was a great believer in rewarding his\\nfriends with public office.\\nTell the story of Andrew Jackson s youth.\\nDescribe his life in Tennessee.\\nTell an anecdote to show his quickness of temper.\\nWhat led to a war with the Indians\\nTell the story of Tecumseh.\\nWhat led to the War of 18 12 with Great Britain?\\nGive some account of the war.\\nTell about the batUe of New Orleans.\\nWhat kind of a man did Andrew Jackson make\\nWhat rule did he follow in making appointments to public\\noffice?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "CANALS, RAILROADS, TELEGRAPHS, AND\\nOTHER INVENTIONS.\\nThe people of the United States learned from\\nthe War of 1812 the necessity of better means of\\ntravelling and of conveying goods from one part of\\nthe country to another.\\nExcept near the sea, or where there were bays,\\nrivers, or lakes, there was no better way to trans-\\nport goods than in wagons or on the backs of\\nhorses or mules. For months in the year, the\\nroads throughout the country were so bad that it\\nwas almost impossible to use them for hauling.\\nEven in summer, hauling was slow and costly.\\nWhile Jefferson was President, Congress appro-\\npriated money toward building a great national\\nroad from Cumberland, Maryland, to the W^est.\\nThis road benefited only a part of the country,\\nhelping chiefly the trade of Philadelphia and\\nBaltimore.\\nNew York had a large trade along the coast and\\non the Hudson River, but not with the interior\\ncountry. She wished to secure a part of this\\ninland trade. It was believed that a canal from\\nLake Erie to the Hudson River would accomplish\\nthis.\\n277", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "278 History of the United States.\\nMany men, on the other hand, thought this proj-\\nect a wild one. Even President Jefferson said\\nYou talk of making a canal three hundred and fifty\\nmiles long through the wilderness. It is a little\\nshort of madness to think of it at this day.\\nThose men, however, who had the matter at\\nheart, persevered, and in 181 7 the canal was begun.\\nDe Witt Clinton, a\\nprominent citizen of\\nthe State of New\\nYork, was greatly in-\\nterested in having\\nthis canal made, and\\nperhaps it is not too\\nmuch to say that had\\nit not been for him\\nit mieht never have\\nbeen finished.\\nLike so many other\\nmen who have made\\ngreat plans, Clinton was ridiculed, and the canal\\nwas called Clinton s Big Ditch.\\nThe canal was, indeed, a stupendous work for the\\ntimes. It had to be carried by bridges over streams\\nledges of rock had to be cut through, and where\\nthere were long hills, or rapid descents, locks were\\n1 A canal lock is a part of the canal, confined within walls, and\\nhaving gates at each end. By means of these gates the level of the\\nwater in the locks can be raised or lowered, and the boat rises or falls\\nwith the water.\\nDe Witt Clinton.\\nAfter the portrait by C. Ingham.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "Inventions.\\n279\\nnecessary, by means of which canal boats could be\\nraised and lowered.\\nIt took eight years to finish the great work. The\\nwater was to be let in from Lake Erie on the\\n25th of October, 1825. To give notice to those\\nLocks on the Erie Canal.\\nAs first constructed.\\nwho lived along the banks of the canal and the\\nHudson River, cannon were placed every five miles\\nfrom Buffalo to New York City.\\nWhen the gates were opened the first gun was\\nfired, then that at the next station, and so on. The\\nfirst one sounded at ten o clock in the morning, and", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "2\u00c2\u00ab0\\nHistory of the United States.\\none hour and a half later the last gun was fired five\\nhundred miles away, at New York.\\nAs the first canal boat passed, gayly decorated\\nwith flags and streamers, there was great rejoicing.\\nThe travellers on it were received with cheers and\\nsalutes, and when they reached New York City\\nthere was a great celebration.\\nEntrance to the Erie Canal at Tkoy.\\nFrom an old print.\\nGovernor Clinton emptied a cask, which had been\\nfilled at Buffalo with the water of Lake Erie, into\\nNew York Bay, thus representing the meeting of\\nthe sea and the lakes throuQ^h the Erie Canal.\\nThe canal more than fulfilled the hopes of those\\nwho planned it. It offered such an easy way to go\\nto the West that it helped wonderfully in develop-\\ning that vast region. It brought so much grain and", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "Inventions. 281\\nproduce to New York that the trade of that city was\\ngreatly increased, and it became the largest city in\\nAmerica. Before the Erie Canal was constructed,\\nPhiladelphia was larger than New York.\\nOther states built canals, but none was so success-\\nful or so important as the Erie Canal. This want\\nof success was due partly to the character of the\\ncountry through which they passed, and partly to\\nthe introduction of railroads.\\nLess than one hundred years ago the speediest\\nmeans of getting from place to place was by horses,\\njust as it was in the time of the Greeks and\\nRomans.\\nAs soon as it was found that steam could be used\\nas a power for moving machinery, men at once\\nbegan to think about some way to make machinery\\nmove ships, wagons, and carriages.\\nThe steamboat has already been described. About\\ntwenty years after Fulton s trial of the Clermont on\\nthe Hudson River, George Stephenson, at Darling-\\nton, England, made the first successful railroad loco-\\nmotive. Stephenson had formerly been a laborer in\\nan English coal mine.\\nThe first passenger railroad in America was the\\nBaltimore and Ohio, which was beo un in 1828.\\nSoon there were others built in all parts of the\\ncountry, except the extreme w^est.\\nThe railroad could be built almost anywhere. If\\nthe hills were too high to be crossed, they could be", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "282 History of the United States.\\ntunnelled, or if tunnelling was too costly, the rails\\ncould be laid around the hills; streams could be\\nbridged, or passengers could be ferried over them.\\nEven swamps could be crossed by driving in piles\\nand building trestle work on which to lay the track.\\nThis seems a matter of course to us now, but every-\\nthing was very\\ndifferent seventy\\nyears ago it is\\nhard to imag-\\nine what a vast\\nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1830.\\nFrom an old print.\\nchange the rail-\\nroad has made\\nin the condition\\nof the country.\\nTowns and vil-\\nlages sprang up\\nalong the rail-\\nway, as they had formerly along the rivers. New\\nstates were rapidly settled. The wheat, corn, oats,\\nand other crops of the farmer were easily and safely\\ncarried to market, and woollen and cotton cloth,\\nmanufactured articles generally, and all needed sup-\\nplies were brought back to him.\\nRailroads and canals are among the most impor-\\ntant bands which hold the country together. If it\\nwere not for the easy means of communication\\nwhich they afford, the country would, doubtless,\\nlong ago have been divided into two or more\\nindependent nations.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "Inventions.\\n283\\nThe telegraph is an invention which followed not\\nmany years after the railroad. It had long been\\nThe First Train on the Camden and Amboy Railroad.\\nknown that electricity could be carried along vari-\\nous substances, and scientific men had thought that\\nmessages might be conveyed by electricity but no\\none had found a satis-\\nfactory way of doing it.\\nSamuel F. B. Morse,\\nan American artist, be-\\ncame much interested\\nin electricity and\\nmagnetism. He had\\nheard of various at-\\ntempts to convey in-\\ntelligence by means of\\nelectricity, and while\\non a voyage from\\nEurope to America, in 1832, he thought much about\\nthe matter. Before he had reached America he\\nhad made a drawing of an instrument which, with\\nLetter-carrier of the Olden Time.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "284 History of the United States.\\nthe aid of wires, he thought would accompHsh the\\ndesired end.\\nFive years later he constructed an instrument with\\nwhich he was able by means of wires to send a mes-\\nsage for a short distance. Morse at once saw that\\nmessages could be sent a great distance if wires\\nwere properly arranged.\\nHis invention was very\\nsimple, and there was very\\nlittle about it that was origi-\\nnal. After it was described,\\nit seemed strange that\\nscientific men had not\\nthought of his method\\nbefore.\\nMorse, like almost all\\ninventors, had much to\\ncontend with. He was\\npoor, and had it not been\\nfor a young man, named\\nAlfred Vail, who persuaded his father to lend Morse\\nsome money, it is quite possible that there would\\nhave been failure after all.\\nVail was an excellent mechanic, and helped very\\nmuch in the construction of the instruments. He\\nalso secured for Morse a patent for the invention.\\nIn order to bring his invention before the public,\\nMorse asked Congress, at Washington, to give thirty\\nthousand dollars, to be used in constructing a tele-\\nSamuel F. B. Morse.\\nFrom the last approved photograph.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "Inventions. 285\\ngraph line between Baltimore and Washington, a\\ndistance of forty miles. Some of the members of\\nCongress made all manner of sport of Morse s\\nproject. One member proposed that the money\\nshould be spent in making a railroad to the moon.\\nThere seemed little prospect that the bill grant-\\ning the money would be passed. The story is told\\nthat Morse, weary and heart-sick, sat hour after\\nhour in the gallery of the Senate Chamber, waiting\\nfor his bill to come up before Congress adjourned.\\nWhen evening came, and there seemed no chance\\nfor its passage, he went to his hotel utterly dis-\\ncouraged, and prepared to leave for New York\\nearly the next day, as his money was exhausted.\\nThe next morning, while he was at breakfast, a\\nyoung lady came in and said, I congratulate you.\\nUpon what.^ said Morse, who was feeling very\\nblue. On the passage of your bill. Impossible.\\nNo, said she, it was passed five minutes before\\nthe adjournment. Well, said Morse, you shall\\nsend the first messao^e over the lines.\\nThe line was constructed with the money thus\\nsecured. When all was ready Morse kept his prom-\\nise, and Miss Annie G. Ellsworth sent, at the sug-\\ngestion of her mother, the words, What hath God\\nwrought! This was on May 25, 1844. It was\\nnot many years before there were telegraphs over\\nall civilized lands.\\nNumbers xxiii. 23.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "286 History of the United States.\\nMorse and others showed very soon that wires, if\\nproperly protected, could be laid under water, and\\nso rivers and streams proved no barrier. But this\\nwas not all telegraph lines were to encircle the\\nearth the ocean must be crossed.\\nCyrus W. Field, a wealthy New Yorker, was sure\\nthat a cable of telegraph wires could be laid from\\nshore to shore of the Atlantic. Such an under-\\ntaking would be very costly, and it was a long time\\nbefore a sufficient number of persons in Europe and\\nin America could be induced to subscribe to an\\nenterprise apparently so foolish.\\nTwo attempts to lay a cable on the bottom of\\nthe ocean were failures. But in 1858 a cable was\\nsuccessfully laid, through which Queen Victoria and\\nPresident Buchanan exchanged messages of con-\\ngratulation. A number of other messages were also\\nsent, but, in less than a month, the wires ceased\\nto work.\\nIt was harder than ever to get subscriptions for\\na new cable but Mr. Field was indefatigable, and\\ncrossed the Atlantic very many times in the inter-\\nest of the cable company. Finally he succeeded in\\nhis efforts.\\nA new cable was made, and the Great Eastern\\nthe largest vessel afloat, was chartered to lay it.\\nMore than half had been laid when the cable\\nbroke, and the end fell into the sea and was lost.\\nThis was a very great disappointment.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "Inventions.\\n287\\nEven now Mr. Field and his companions were\\nnot cast down. The next year a new cable was\\nsuccessfully laid. Not only was this done, but the\\nlost cable was picked up from the bottom of the\\nocean, another cable was spliced to it, and this one\\nalso worked. This was in 1866.\\nMany other cables have been laid, connecting\\nAmerica, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceanica. Men\\nhave become so accustomed to hearing the news of\\nThe Great Eastern picking up the Cable of 1865.\\nthe world every day, that it is hard to realize that\\nthis great invention is so recent.\\nIt is largely by means of steamboats, railroads,\\nand telegraphs that our great Union is made possi-\\nble the whole world, also, is bound closer together,\\nfor through them men of different countries learn\\nto know each other better, and to see that all\\nnations have many interests in common. These\\nimproved means of communication tend to make", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "288 History of the United States.\\nmen value peace more highly. More than this, for\\nwhen difficulties arise between nations, it is much\\neasier to arrange matters now than when it took\\nthree months, and sometimes longer, to get an\\nanswer to a question. Had there been a cable\\nto England in 1812, very probably there would\\nhave been no war at that time.\\nSo we see that steamboats, railroads, and tele-\\ngraphs are great helps in increasing civilization and\\nin making men wiser and better.\\nOUTLINE.\\nAfter the War of 181 2 the people of the United States\\nturned their attention to domestic matters. Means of com-\\nmunication between different parts of the country were\\npoor. Roads and canals were planned. The Erie Canal\\nwas constructed and became a great benefit to New York.\\nMany other canals were planned. Railroads were intro-\\nduced about 1830. These greatly increased the develop-\\nment of the country and helped to bind different parts of\\nthe Union together. The first practical telegraph was\\ninvented by Morse. From a telegraph on land it was not\\na long step to telegraphs under water called cables. These\\nnow circle the globe. Steamboats, railroads, and telegraphs\\nare great helps in civilization.\\nHow was trade carried on with the western country in early\\ndays?\\nTell the story of the building of the Erie Canal. Tell the story\\nof the opening of the Canal.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "Inventions. 289\\nWhen were railroads introduced into America?\\nWhat effect did canals and railroads have on the settlement of\\nthe country?\\nTell the story of the invention of the telegraph.\\nTell the story of the first messages.\\nTell the story of laying telegraphic cables under the ocean.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "OREGON. \u00e2\u0080\u0094WHITMAN S RIDE.\\nWhen the treaty of peace was made between the\\nUnited States and Great Britain, in 1783, it was\\nfound very hard to agree upon the dividing line\\nbetween Canada and the United States.\\nThe great West, particularly the Oregon country,\\nwas thought by many able men in the United\\nStates to be of little value. This opinion was held\\nfor many years even Daniel Webster said What\\ndo we want with the vast, worthless area, this\\nregion of savages and wild beasts, of deserts, of\\nshiftino^ sands and whirlwinds of dust, of cactus and\\nprairie dogs What can we hope to do with the\\nwestern coast rockbound, cheerless, and unin-\\nviting, and not a harbor on it Other men spoke\\nquite as strongly.\\nA few settlers from the Eastern states, attracted\\nby the reports of Lewis and Clark, had gone to\\nOregon and some of the churches had become\\ninterested in the Indians, and had sent out mis-\\nsionaries in 1834 and 1836. One of these mission-\\naries was Dr. Marcus Whitman, of th*e State of New\\nYork; it was he who, in 1836, took the first wagon\\nacross the Rocky Mountains an undertaking\\nwhich had been said to be impossible.\\n290", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "Oregon. 291\\nDr. Whitman and his fellow-missionaries were\\ncharmed with the beautiful forests, the fertile fields,\\nthe mountains, and the rivers of that far western\\nland. They found that the English already had\\nfur-trading stations and some settlements in Ore-\\ngon and Dr. Whitman became sure that it was\\ntheir purpose to gain possession of the land by\\nbringing as many settlers as possible into the coun-\\ntry. He believed that the only way for the Ameri-\\ncans to keep Oregon was to bring in more settlers\\nthan the English had done.\\nOne day, while dining at an English station, he\\nwitnessed the arrival of a messenger with the news\\nthat a large colony of English settlers were coming.\\nA young Englishman in the company was so pleased\\nthat he sprang to his feet, crying, Hurrah for\\nOregon America is too late. We have got the\\ncountry\\nDr. Whitman was convinced that his view was\\ncorrect. He saw also how important it was that\\nthe English plan should be known to the govern-\\nment at Washington before any treaty should be\\nmade with England, and that the urgent need of\\ninducing more American settlers to emigrate to\\nOregon should be brought home to the American\\npeople.\\nDr. Whitman said nothing, but within twenty-four\\nhours he had left the station, and in less than three\\ndays was on his way to the East. His journey and", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "292 History of the United States.\\nits purpose were kept a profound secret. He\\nstarted on his long horseback ride, October 3,\\n1842. He was accompanied by a fellow-settler,\\nAmos L. Lovejoy, and by a guide. They had\\nthree pack-mules.\\nBy making a great effort, they reached Fort Hall\\nin eleven days, a ride of six hundred and forty\\nmiles. This was an English fort, and was situated\\nin what is now the southeastern corner of Idaho.\\nThe commander of the fort did all he could to\\npersuade Dr. Whitman to give up his purpose of\\nriding to St. Louis. He said that the snow was\\ntwenty feet deep among the mountains that the\\nrivers could not be crossed that the Pawnee and\\nSioux Indians were at war with each other, and that\\nit would be almost certain death to enter their\\ncountry.\\nThe only effect that these words had upon Whit-\\nman was to make him follow a different route to the\\nEast.\\nThe little party found heavy snowdrifts and en-\\ncountered terrible snowstorms. At one time the\\nguide refused to go any farther, and confessed that\\nhe had lost his way. They sought to retrace their\\nsteps to their last camp, but the snow had covered\\ntheir path. They had given themselves up for lost,\\nwhen one of the mules was seen to bend his ears\\nforward. The guide at once cried out, This mule\\nwill find the camp if he can live to reach it! The", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "Oregon.\\n93\\nreins were thrown upon the mule s neck, and he was\\nallowed to do as he pleased.\\nThe mule seemed to understand what was wanted\\nof him, and starting off, went on through snowdrifts,\\ndown precipitous paths, on and on, until he stopped\\nover a piece of ground nearly bare of snow. To\\ntheir amazement the men recognized the place as\\nthe camping ground they had left early in the morn-\\nWhitman s Ride.\\ning. A few embers were still glowing, and they\\nsoon had a roaring fire.\\nTheir guide now refused to stay wath them, and\\nWhitman, in order to secure another one, was forced\\nto return to a trading-post which they had passed\\ndays before.\\nWhen they reached Grand River, they found it\\nfrozen, except in the middle of the stream. The\\nguide said, It cannot be crossed. Dr. Whitman\\nreplied, It must be crossed. He took a pole with", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "294 History of the United States.\\nhim, compelled his horse to swim the open stream,\\nand then breaking the ice on the opposite shore\\nwith his pole, helped his horse to get to the bank.\\nHe soon had a good fire, and the rest of the party\\nalso crossed the stream.\\nWhen their provisions gave out, they killed and\\nate a dosf which had followed them. At another\\ntime they killed one of their mules, the meat of\\nwhich lasted them a number of days.\\nOnce, when the time for camping came, there was\\nno fuel. On the opposite side of a stream near by\\nthere was plenty of wood. The river was covered\\nwith thin ice, hardly strong enough to bear a man.\\nWhitman took an axe, lay down on the ice, and\\nworked himself across. Having cut sufficient wood,\\nhe returned in the same manner, pushing the wood\\nbefore him. In cutting the wood he split the handle\\nof his axe, but bound it together with a piece of deer\\nthong. That very night a thievish wolf, attracted\\nby the deer thong, carried off the axe, handle and\\nall. It was fortunate that this happened near the\\nend of their journey, for had such a loss happened\\nearlier it would have been a very serious matter.\\nWhen they reached Fort Bent, about a thousand\\nmiles from St. Louis, Mr. Lovejoy was so worn out\\nthat he remained behind, while Dr. Whitman went\\non with a party just starting for the East. When\\nhe arrived at St. Louis, in the latter part of Febru-\\nary, he was rejoiced to hear that the Oregon ques-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "Oregon. 295\\ntion was not yet settled. I am still in time, he\\ncried. He hastened on to Washington, which he\\nreached March 3, 1843.\\nNo wonder that men and women stopped to look\\nat him as he walked about the streets. He wore\\ncoarse fur garments, buckskin breeches, a buffalo-\\nskin coat with a hood, fur leggins, and boot moc-\\ncasins- the same suit in which he had crossed the\\nplains.\\nHe saw President Tyler, and Daniel Webster,\\nSecretary of State, and gave them such information\\nthat there was no longer any talk of a boundary for\\nOregon south of the forty-ninth parallel of latitude.\\nHe published a pamphlet setting forth the advan-\\ntages of Oregon, and describing the way to reach it.\\nHis companion in his adventurous ride, who had\\nfollowed him to St. Louis, also spread the notice\\nfar and wide that Dr. Whitman and he would per-\\nsonally conduct a party of emigrants to Oregon.\\nA large number of emigrants started from St.\\nLouis. Dr, Whitman had been delayed, but over-\\ntook them by the time they reached the Platte River.\\nThe company consisted of about a thousand men,\\nwomen, and children, with about a hundred and\\nfifty emigrant wagons, each drawn by twelve oxen.\\nThere were also more than a thousand horses and\\ncattle.\\nDay after day the long caravan toiled along.\\nWhen night came the wagons were ranged in a", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "296 History of the United States.\\ncircle, the teams unyoked and let loose to pasture.\\nFires were lighted by which to cook the supper,\\ntents were pitched, sentinels were posted, and every-\\nthing was made ready for the night.\\nAfter supper the company would gather within the\\ncircle of the waoons, the children would roll and\\ntumble on the ground in sport, some one would bring\\nout a violin or flute, and the young people would en-\\njoy a dance. The older persons would tell stories\\nof adventure, discuss the journey still before them,\\nor plan for their life in the far-away western land\\nfor which they were bound. By ten o clock all was\\nquiet, and nothing was to be heard but the All s\\nwell of the sentinels, as they walked back and forth\\non their night watch.\\nEarly in the morning the caravan was on its way\\nagain. Twenty miles was a good day s journey.\\nLate in September, 1843, the party reached its des-\\ntination on the Columbia River. No such band of\\nemigrants had ever been seen in Oregon before no\\nsuch band had ever crossed the continent.\\nDr. Whitman had done his work well. He had\\ncarried news of the value of Oregon to the govern-\\nment; he had spread truthful reports throughout the\\nland; he had brought back a large number of set-\\ntlers to confirm the claim of the United States: in\\na word, he had saved Oregon for his country. He\\nhad done this without receiving or expecting any\\npecuniary reward. He believed that Oregon right-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "Oregon.\\n297\\nI\\nfully belonged to the United States, and that it\\nwould be more prosperous under American rule.\\nHis motives were patriotic and seem to have been\\nwholly unselfish.\\nWhitman returned to his station, and for the\\nnext four years devoted himself to his missionary\\nA^^ ^^;^^v=*\\nWhitman Siation.\\nScene of the massacre.\\nwork. Then the Indians, who, in some way, had\\nbecome stirred up against the missionaries, murdered\\nhim, his wife, and thirteen others, and carried off\\nforty men, women, and children as captives.\\nOUTLINE.\\nFor many years the Great West was thought to be of\\nlittle value. Dr. Marcus Whitman went to the Oregon coun-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "298 History of the United States.\\ntry as a missionary in 1836. He was greatly pleased with\\nthe country. He feared that the English would gain it,\\nand he resolved that the government and people of the\\nUnited States should be informed of the worth of Oregon.\\nHe rode on horseback to St. Louis on his way to Wash-\\nington. It was a terrible winter ride. He led back a large\\nband of emigrants. He was, a few years later, killed by\\nIndians.\\nWhat was thought of the value of the great West\\nWho was Dr. Whitman?\\nHow did he think Oregon could be kept for the United States?\\nDescribe his ride to St. Louis.\\nHow was he dressed\\nWhat did he accoiui)lish?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "TEXAS. MEXICAN WAR. CALIFORNIA.\\nDuring the time of which we have been reading,\\nthe country was steadily growing in wealth and\\npopulation. The settlement of the United States\\nwas spreading farther and farther west. The\\nprairies were planted with corn and wheat, while\\n-^--f*\\n^^-^^l^S^^-*- -::^^^^^^J\\nChicago in i ji\\nFrom an old print.\\ntowns and cities grew up along the rivers and lakes\\nand on the lines of railways.\\nBy 1846, the original number of states had been\\ndoubled. States were formed west of the Missis-\\nsippi River, and in the North and the South. Such\\nwere Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana.\\n299", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "300 History of the United States.\\nSouthwest of the state of Louisiana there was a\\ngreat country belonging to Mexico, known as Texas.\\nInto this country American settlers began to\\nventure. They found it attractive and fertile, and\\nyear by year more settlers came until there were\\nmany Americans in Texas.\\nIt was not an easy life for them. Some of the\\nIndians were hostile. The Mexicans, who had at\\nfirst invited Americans, became jealous; as descend-\\nants of the Spaniards they were not much pleased\\nto see active Anglo-Saxons taking possession of the\\nbest parts of their country.\\nMany of the Americans were pioneer settlers,\\nlike those of the earher days in Kentucky and\\nTennessee. Others were persons who had not\\nbeen successful at home, and w4io hoped to do better\\nin a new country. Some were men who had found\\nTexas a safe refuge from their creditors, and a\\nfew were fugitives from justice. Texas was in\\nthose days truly a frontier country, resembling many\\nof the more eastern states in their early history.\\nThe Mexican law forbade slavery, but notwith-\\nstanding this, some of the settlers brought slaves\\nwith them, calling them servants.\\nIn 1836, the Americans and some of the Mexicans\\nin Texas, declared their independence of Mexico,\\nand set up the republic of Texas. One of the\\ncauses that led to the revolution was the refusal of\\nMexico to establish free schools.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "Texas. Mexican War. California. 301\\nBefore long Texas asked to be annexed to the\\nAmerican Union as one of the states. This was very\\nnatural, because Americans formed the greater\\npart of her population, and she was hardly strong\\nenough to sustain a government of her own.\\nThere was gred^t difference of opinion among\\nthe people of the United States in regard to this\\nrequest. The Southern states wished to have\\nTexas in the Union, because many of the Texans\\nwere Southerners, and because its admission would\\nincrease the territory where slavery was allowed,\\nand so would increase the influence of slaveholders\\nin Congress. There were, of course, many people\\nin the South and in the North who favored the\\nannexation of Texas, and yet did not believe in\\nslavery. They were of the opinion that the annex-\\nation would greatly benefit the United States.\\nThe Northern states, as a whole, were opposed to\\nthe annexation they did not wish to see the slave\\nterritory of the Union any larger. They believed also\\nthat the annexation would lead to a war with Mex-\\nico, because Mexico had never acknowledged the\\nindependence of Texas.\\nTexas was admitted into the Union in 1845; the\\nexpected war followed, and Mexico was defeated.\\nIn the treaty of peace Mexico ceded to the United\\nStates, in exchanofe for a largre sum of monev, a\\ngreat tract of country, comprising what is now Cali-\\nfornia, Nevada, Utah, most of New Mexico, Ari-\\nzona, and part of Colorado.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "302 History of the United States.\\nIn 1848, almost at the time when the treaty of\\npeace with Mexico was signed, gold was discovered\\nin CaHfornia. As soon as the fact of this discovery\\nbecame known, men from all parts of the United\\n^^-.T\u00e2\u0080\u0094 %w\\nf -T -^^i^mmSmi^^ .;i^.\\nThe Overland Route,\\nStates hastened by sea and by land to the gold\\nfields. Some embarked in ships and went around\\nCape Horn, a voyage of three or four months.\\nSome sailed to the Isthmus of Panama, and then,\\ncrossing the country, took ships on the Pacific\\nA Californian Wagon Train.\\nAfter an old print.\\nOcean. Some took the long journey overland,\\nacross the great plains and over the mountains.\\nThe overland route was the hardest journey of\\nall. The travellers could go only in wagons or on\\nhorseback. They were exposed to hostile Ind-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "Texas. Mexican War. California. 303\\nians and wild animals. They suffered much from\\nfatigue, hunger, and thirst. Long afterward their\\npath could be traced by the abandoned wagons, and\\nthe whitened bones of the horses and cattle which\\nfell by the way, and even by the bones of some of\\nthe poor travellers themselves.\\nView of San Francisco in 1847.\\nAfter a lithograph. With American ships in the harbor.\\nThe recent discoveries of gold in the Klondike\\nregion, and the rush to these new gold fields, have\\nbrought back to many old persons the memory of\\nthe scenes of 1849.\\nBy the end of the year 1849 there were more\\nthan a hundred thousand persons in California.\\nSeldom had there been seen a greater mixture of\\npeoples; by far the greater number were Ameri-", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "304 History of the United States.\\ncans, but there were also Indians, Mexicans, Peru-\\nvians, Europeans, and South Sea Islanders. All\\nthese were working side by side in the search for\\ngold.\\nThe California gold diggings proved to be among\\nthe richest in the world, and many men became\\nvery wealthy; others returned to their homes poorer\\nthan when they left them.\\nCalifornia became a state in 1850. In addition\\nto her mines, she has vast fields of grain, and thou-\\nsands of acres planted with fruit trees of all\\nkinds her fruit orchards and orano^e orroves are\\nunsurpassed.\\nOUTLINE.\\nAmericans began to settle in Texas, which was part of\\nMexico. In 1836 there were many Americans in that\\ncountry, and they declared themselves independent of\\nMexico. Soon Texas asked to be annexed to the Unitexi\\nStates. The North opposed annexation, and the South\\napproved. Texas was admitted to the Union, 1845. War\\nwith Mexico followed. The United States acquired from\\nMexico what is now California, Nevada, Utah, most of\\nNew Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado. Gold was discovered\\nin California 1848. There was a great rush to the gold\\nfields. California became a state, 1850.\\nHow many states were there in the Union in 1846?\\nWhere was Texas\\nWhat sort of men went there to settle?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "Texas. Mexican War. California. 305\\nWhen Texas wished to join the Union how did the people of\\nthe North feel?\\nThose of the South?\\nWhen was Texas admitted to the Union\\nWhat land did the United States acquire\\nWhen was gold discovered in California?\\nTell how the seekers after gold reached California.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "ABRAHAM LINCOLN.\\nAmong the early settlers in Kentucky was a man\\nnamed Abraham Lincoln, who had come there\\nabout 1780. His ancestors were among the colo-\\nnists who settled near Plymouth, Massachusetts.\\nSome members of the family moved to New Jersey,\\nand later to Virginia and Pennsylvania (Berks\\nCounty). This Abraham Lincoln and his family\\nhad long been friends of the Boones it was prob-\\nably due to Daniel Boone that they had moved to\\nthis new home.\\nThey hved in a stockade, like the other settlers,\\nas the Indians were still to be feared. All went\\nwell for eight years. Then, one day, while he and\\nhis three sons were at work in a clearing, the father\\nwas shot and killed by an Indian. This misfortune\\nappears to have broken up the family, and Thomas,\\nthe youngest son, was left to shift for himself.\\nThomas Lincoln was a carpenter, and was suc-\\ncessful enough to secure a farm by the time he was\\ntwenty-five. He married Nancy Hanks in 1806.\\nThe young couple were poor, but so were most\\nof the early settlers in the West. Their life was\\nrough, but it did not differ from that of other pio-\\nneers at the same period. Indeed, the life of the\\n306", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "Abraham Lincoln,\\ni\u00c2\u00b07\\nAisKAHAM Lincoln.\\nFrom a photograph taken in i860.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "308 History of the United States.\\nLincolns can be taken as a fair example of that of\\nhundreds of others in the new settlements.\\nTheir home was a rude log-cabin, containing only\\none room, having but one door and no window. A\\nlarge chimney, made of sticks and clay, leaned\\nagainst the cabin, which, if it was like the ordinary\\ncabin of the early settler, had no floor but the earth.\\nThe scanty furniture was of the rudest kind. The\\ntable and chairs\\nwere of boards, the\\nlegs fastened into\\nauoer holes. The\\nbedstead was of\\npoles, and was sup-\\nported by the logs\\nof the house on one\\nside, and on the\\nother by stakes\\ndriven into the earth floor. Most of the dishes were\\nwooden the spoons, knives, and forks were of iron.\\nIn this cabin, situated in Hardin County, Ken-\\ntucky, Abraham Lincoln, the future President, was\\nborn, February 12, 1809.\\nAbe, as he was called, was seven years old when\\nhis father moved to the southwestern part of Indi-\\nana. The country was thickly wooded, and, in\\norder to get to their new home, it was necessary to\\ncut a roadway through the forest.\\n1 Now La Rue County.\\nHouse in which Abraham Lincoln-\\nwas BORN.\\nFrom a photograph of the reconstructed log-cabin", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "Abraham Lincoln.\\n309\\nWhen they had reached their destination, the\\nfirst thinor to be done was to build a half-faced\\ncamp.\\nThis was a loe hut with but three sides.\\nThere were no doors, no windows, no floor but the\\nearth. It was, indeed, nothing but a shed. All\\nthe cooking was done at a fire in front of the open\\nLOG-CAlilN P^UKM 1 I Kj\\nside of the hut. A buffalo skin was hung across\\nthe front for protection in winter.\\nThe family lived in this half-faced camp for a\\nyear, and then a cabin, very much like the one they\\nhad left in Kentucky, was built. This cabin had\\na loft, and here, on a heap of leaves, young Abe\\nLincoln slept.\\nThe boy went to one of the rude ABC schools\\nwhenever he had a chance but he used to say, in", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "3 1 o History of the United States.\\nafter years, that he was not at school more than a\\nyear all together.\\nHe was eager to learn, and at night would throw\\nbranches of spice-wood bushes on the fire in order\\nto get more light, so that he could read and cipher.\\nHe did his figuring on a wooden shovel, or smooth\\nboard, with a charred stick. When the w^ork was\\ndone, he planed it off, and the board was ready for\\nuse again.\\nYoung Lincoln read every book that he could lay\\nhis hands on. Books were scarce on the frontier,\\nand he had not much choice. Among them were\\nRobinson Crusoe, Weems s Life of Washing-\\nton, a History of the United States, ^sop s\\nFables, Bunyan s Pilgrim s Progress, and the\\nBible. Some of these he had to borrow. Once his\\nborrowed copy of Weems s Washington got wet,\\nand to pay for the book he shucked corn for three\\ndays.\\nWhen he could get paper, he would copy long\\nextracts from what he read, using a pen made from\\nthe feather of a wild fowl, and ink made from the\\nroots of briers.\\nWhen he was ploughing, and it was necessary to\\ngive the horse a rest, he would pull out his book,\\nperch himself on the top of a worm fence, and\\nread. He soon knew more than any of his com-\\npanions, and he learned to write an excellent hand.\\nHis mother died when he was nine years old, and", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "Abraham Lincoln.\\n311\\nher loss was a great one to the little boy. In about\\na year his father married again. Lincoln s step-\\nmother was an able and energetic woman. She\\nencourao^ed him in all his efforts to read and to\\nstudy, and her stepson became very fond of her.\\nShe said of him, many years afterward, Abe was\\na good boy he never gave me a cross word or\\nlook he was a dutiful son to me always.\\nA Mississippi Flat-boat.\\nIf young Lincoln dressed like the boys around\\nhim, he must have worn roughly tanned deerskin\\ntrousers, a linsey-woolsey shirt, moccasins on his\\nfeet, and a coonskin cap on his head.\\nHe was early taught to swing the axe, to handle\\nthe plough, to thresh the wheat with the flail, to carry\\nthe grain to the mill, and to do all kinds of work\\nabout the farm. Besides this, his father taught him\\nhis own trade which was that of a carpenter.\\nHe grew up an able-bodied, active young man.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "312 History of the United States.\\nHe was six feet four inches tall, and of great strength.\\nHe could outwork, outlift, and outwrestle any\\nman he came in contact with. He was good-\\nnatured, obliging, and, in fact, very popular. He\\nwas fond of telling stories, all of which were to the\\npoint and often very amusing.\\nWhen he was nineteen, he went to New Orleans\\non a iiat-boat as a bow-hand. His business was\\nto work at the front oars.\\nThe unwieldy flat-boats were\\npropelled by long sweeps, or\\noars, each of which often re-\\nquired two men to handle\\nit. These boats were loaded\\nwith farm produce, and with\\ntheir cargoes were sold on\\nreachinof New Orleans. This\\nlong voyage took weeks and sometimes months to ac-\\ncomplish. For this work on the flat-boat Lincoln\\nreceived eight dollars a month and his passage\\nback.\\nSoon after his return from New Orleans, his father\\nmoved to Illinois. Young Lincoln drove the ox-\\nwagon in which the household goods were carried.\\nIt was a two weeks journey.\\nThe family settled in central Illinois. Here\\nAbraham Lincoln helped to build the log-cabin\\nwhich was to be the new home, and with the aid of\\na companion he split the rails to fence in the ten\\nA Worm Fence.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "Abraham Lincoln. 3 i 3\\nacres which were to be planted with corn for the\\nfirst year s crop.\\nAfter seeing his father and his family settled, and\\nbeing now twenty-one years old, he struck out\\nfor himself. He had little or no money and one\\nof the first things he did was to spHt rails to pay\\nfor enough brown jeans to make him a pair of\\ntrousers.\\nHe took whatever employment offered. He\\nworked as a farm hand, as a rail-splitter, and as a\\nclerk in a country store. Once, late in the evening,\\na woman came to buy half a pound of tea Lincoln\\nweighed it out correctly, as he thought, and gave it\\nto the woman, who paid him and went off. Next\\nmorning he found that he had put a four-ounce\\nweight on the scales. He closed the shop and went\\nto deliver the amount of tea which was due the\\nwoman.\\nAnother time, in giving change, he made a mistake\\nof six and a quarter cents the same evening, after\\nthe store was closed, he walked three miles to return\\nthe money. Such conduct soon won for him the\\nname of Honest Abe.\\nWhen the trouble with the Indians, known as\\nthe Black Hawk War, arose, Lincoln joined the\\nA coin in common circulation at that time was the Spanish half-\\nreal, worth six and a quarter cents. It bore different names in dif-\\nferent places, as, picayune, fippeny bit, sixpence. It went\\nout of circulation during the Civil War.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "314 History of the United States.\\nvolunteers and was made captain of his company.\\nHe was not called upon to take any very active\\npart, but his chief exploit was to save, at the risk\\nof his own life, an Indian who had wandered into\\nthe soldiers camp.\\nOn his return, in 1832, Lincoln and another\\nyoung man entered into partnership and bought\\nout a country store. Lincoln s main object in life\\nwas studv rather than tradino;, and he trusted too\\nmuch to his partner, whom he supposed to be a\\ngood business man. The young man, however,\\nturned out to be a worthless, dissipated fellow, and\\nit was not long before the business proved a failure.\\nLincoln was now responsible for several hundred\\ndollars, which it took him years to pay.\\nIn the meantime he had begun the study of law,\\nhad mastered surveying, and had been appointed\\nvillage postmaster.\\nWhen he began to practise law, all who knew\\nhim and really wanted justice were glad to employ\\nhim, because they were sure that he was honest.\\nHe never would say anything that he did not believe,\\nand if he was satisfied that a law case was unjust,\\nhe would not defend it.\\nOnce he was called upon to defend a young man\\nwho was charged with committino- murder. A wit-\\nness, who was an enemy of the prisoner, declared\\nupon oath that he saw the murder committed on a\\ncertain night by the light of the moon. Lincoln", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "Abraham Lincoln. 3 i 5\\nasked him to repeat his statement, and after this\\nwas done he pulled an almanac out of his pocket,\\nand showed that there was no moon visible on that\\nnight. The accused was at once acquitted. Lin-\\ncoln refused to take any fee in the case, because,\\nyears before, he had been treated with great kind-\\nness by the young man s mother.\\nIn 1834, Lincoln was elected a member of the\\nstate legislature. In order to take his seat, he\\nwalked the entire distance to Vandalia, then the\\nstate capital, about a hundred miles. In 1846, he\\nwas elected a member of the United States Con-\\ngress in this position he distinguished himself by\\nopposing the Mexican War. A few years later\\n(1850) there were great debates in Congress, and\\ndiscussions over the whole country as to whether\\nslavery should be allowed in the territories. Lincoln\\nspoke boldly against any increase of slave territory.\\nIn 1858, he was a candidate for the position of\\nUnited States Senator, and sustained himself in\\nmany debates in the state of Illinois with his oppo-\\nnent, Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln was not chosen,\\nbut he gained for himself a wide reputation for abil-\\nity, sound sense, and honesty of purpose.\\nIn i860, Lincoln was invited to deliver a speech\\nin the largest hall in the city of New York. The\\nsubject was, Slavery in the United States. Few\\npolitical addresses have had such an effect, so clear,\\nso forcible, so convincing were his words.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "3i6 History of the United States.\\nIt is not strange that when the convention of the\\nRepubhcan party met, soon after, to choose a can-\\ndidate for President, Abraham Lincohi was nomi-\\nnated. He was elected; and the former backwoods\\nboy, rail-splitter, country storekeeper, surveyor, law-\\nyer, became President of the United States.\\nOUTLINE.\\nThe Lincoln family originally came from near Plymouth,\\nMassachusetts. They moved first to New Jersey, then\\nto Virginia, then to Pennsylvania, and then to Kentucky.\\nThomas Lincoln lived in Hardin County, Kentucky. Here\\nAbraham Lincoln, his son, was .born, February 12, 1809.\\nWhen he was seven years old his family moved to Indiana\\nand later to Illinois. They lived in a rude cabin like other\\nfrontier families. Abraham Lincoln learned to cut down\\ntrees, split rails, and to do all kinds of farm work. He\\nwent to New Orleans on a flat-boat. He was a store-\\nkeeper, postmaster, surveyor, and lawyer. He was called\\nHonest Abe. He was chosen a member of the state\\nlegislature, and of Congress. He was elected President\\nof the United States in i860.\\nWhere did the Lincoln family originally come from?\\nDescribe the cabin of Thomas Lincoln.\\nWhere was Abraham Lincoln born?\\nTo what state did the flimily move when he was a little boy?\\nIn what sort of a hut did they live?\\nHow long did he attend school?\\nTell how he taught himself.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "Abraham Lincoln. 317\\nName some of the books he read.\\nTell what his stepmother thought of him.\\nTell how he was dressed what he learned to do how he went\\nto New Orleans.\\nWhat did he do when the family moved to Illinois?\\nTell stories to show his honesty.\\nWhat \\\\vas he called\\n(jive an account of him as a storekeeper; as a lawyer.\\nTo what positions did his fellow-citizens elect him?\\nTo what high position was he chosen by the people of the\\nUnited States?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "THE CIVIL WAR.\\nThe m-eat Civil War between the North and the\\nSouth began in 1861, soon after Abraham Lincohi\\nbecame President. There had been for a long time\\nmuch misunderstanding between the people of the\\nNorth and the people of the South this was partly\\nbecause they had been brought up very differently,\\nand partly because they knew but little of each\\nother. This want of knowledge on the part of\\neach was due to several causes, the most important\\nof which were the following first, the main lines of\\ntravel in the United States have always been east\\nand west men have gone in those directions rather\\nthan north and south secondly, there were few rail-\\nroads in the South; thirdly, the warm climate of the\\nSouth was not attractive to the men of the Middle\\nand Northern states lastly, the Southern system of\\nslavery was disliked by nearly all persons in the\\nfree states, and many thought it sinful.\\nThere were doubtless other reasons for this mis-\\nunderstanding, but these are the easiest to be seen.\\nThe Southern people generally believed that slav-\\nery was right very many of the Northern people,\\non the contrary, thought that it was wrong. The\\nSouthern people also believed that negro slaves\\n318", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "The Civil War. 3 1 9\\nwere necessary for raising cotton and other crops\\nthey wished to take their slaves into the territories,\\nand to increase the number of states in which slav-\\nery was permitted. The free states had become\\nthe most populous and numerous this made the\\nslaveholders feel that it would not be long before\\nthe -Northern states would take some steps to re-\\nstrict, perhaps even to abolish, slavery.\\nIn the North, there was a political party the mem-\\nbers of which were called Abolitionists; they believed\\nthat slavery should be abolished. As this party had\\nsupported Abraham Lincoln, many prominent men\\nin the Southern states feared that Lincoln would\\ninterfere with slavery. When Lincoln was elected,\\nthey thought that the time had come for the slave\\nstates to leave the Union, or to secede as it was\\ncalled. Before he was inaugurated, in 1861, seven\\nstates had thus seceded and claimed to be out of\\nthe Union.^\\nThese states formed themselves into a new gov-\\nernment called The Confederate States of Amer-\\nica. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was chosen\\nPresident, and Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia,\\nVice-President, of this confederation.\\nThe great majority of the people of the Northern\\nstates were of the opinion that no state had the\\nright to withdraw from the Union they did not\\nThese were South Carohna, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Geor-\\ngia, Louisiana, and Texas.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "320 History of the United States.\\nbelieve that the Southern people meant what they\\nsaid, or that they would actually fight against the\\nConstitution and the flag under which they had\\nlived so long.\\nPresident Lincoln was very much misrepresented\\nin the South. He w^as careful to say that he did\\nThe Capitol at Richmonj)\\nnot think that the Constitution allowed him to\\ninterfere with slavery where it was legal, but he\\nwas careful also to say that he did not believe that\\na state could secede from the Union. He would\\nnot recognize the Confederate states as a govern-\\nment.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "The Civil War.\\n321\\nFort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South\\nCarolina, was one of the United States forts; it was\\nshort of supplies, and the Southern authorities\\nrefused to allow any supplies to reach it. In April,\\n1 86 1, the Confederates demanded the surrender of\\nSumter the commander of the fort. Major Robert\\nFort Sumter before the Bo\\nm?ARi\\nAnderson, refused to yield. On the morning of\\nApril 12th, the Confederate batteries began to fire\\non the fort the bombardment lasted thirty-two\\nhours, and ended with the surrender of the fort.\\nThe garrison, about a hundred men all told, was\\nallowed to march out with all the honors of war.\\nOnly one man had been killed, and he by accident.\\nThis attack began the Civil War.\\nAt once there was great excitement. North and\\nSouth. Troops were enlisted on each side, and", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "322 History of the United States.\\nlarge armies were gathered. The Confederate gov-\\nernment expected that all the Southern states\\nwould join the new Confederacy, but only four\\nmore did so, making eleven in all.^\\nThe terrible conflict thus begun lasted four\\nyears. The armies on each side fought bravely.\\nThe people, both North and South, taxed them-\\nMonitor and Merrimac.\\nAn incident of the Civil War.\\nselves heavily to carry on the war, and bore the\\nburden ungrudgingly.\\nThere was great suffering on the battle-fields, in\\nthe hospitals, and, saddest of all, in the military\\nprisons. Great battles were fought, and there were\\nmany notable exploits on sea and land. There\\nwere able generals in the Union army, such as\\n1 These were Arkansas, North CaroUna, Virginia, and Tennessee.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "The Civil War.\\n323\\nUlysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, Philip H.\\nSheridan, and George H. Thomas. In the navy\\nsuch men as David G. F arragut, Andrew H. Foote,\\nand others, more than sustained the reputation of\\nthe American naval officer. In the Confederate\\narmy there were able generals as well Robert E.\\nLee, Joseph E.Johns-\\nton, Thomas J. Jack-\\nson, commonly known\\nas Stonewall Jack-\\nson, and J. E. B.\\nStuart.\\nThe war was prin-\\ncipally carried on in\\nthe Southern states.\\nThe navy of the\\nUnion blockaded 4he\\nports of the Confed-\\neracy, so that very\\nfew ships could bring\\nin supplies or carry\\nout cotton to pay\\nfor the goods which Farragut in the main rigging\\nwere needed.\\nThe armies of the\\nUnion shut in the South on the land side so com-\\npletely that the Southern people could get very few\\nsupplies by land. Being shut in by land and sea,\\nA port is blockaded when no vessel is allowed to go in or come out.\\nAn incident of the Civil War. After the picture by\\nWilliam Page.", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "324 History of the United States.\\nand having very few manufactories of any kind, the\\npeople suffered greatly for many articles. Woollen\\ncloth, shoes, pins, needles, medicines, tea, coffee,\\nsugar, salt, and many other things were almost un-\\nobtainable.\\nUlysses S. Grant.\\nFrom a photograph.\\nDried herbs or leaves of various shrubs were\\nused instead of tea, roasted rye or wheat instead of\\ncoffee. Men and women wore homespun gar-\\nments, thorns served as pins, wall-paper, and indeed\\nevery kind of paper which was blank on one side,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "The Civil War.\\n325\\nwas made use of for writing and printing, and\\nmany other ingenious devices took the place of\\nwhat had been considered necessary. The South-\\nern people bore their privations courageously,\\nbecause they believed that they were right and\\nwere fighting in defence of their homes.\\nMcLean s House. Appomattox Courthouse.\\nIn which General Lee surrendered to General Grant, 9th April, 1865. From a photograph\\nThis system of blockade and of cutting off sup-\\nplies was part of the plan of the Union government\\nto bring the South to terms. Without such meas-\\nures the Union forces could hardly have succeeded.\\nThough the Northern and Western states were\\nalmost wholly free from the presence of contending\\narmies and the ravages of war, thousands of homes\\nwere made desolate by the loss of husbands, sons,", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "326 History of the United States.\\nand brothers, who had patriotically left all to save\\nthe Union.\\nMany terrible battles were fought with an appall-\\nino- loss of life. At last the South became exhausted.\\nThe armies of the Union advanced steadily until at\\nlength Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy,\\nThe Graint Monumeint, New York.\\nFrom a photograph.\\nwas occupied by Union troops. A few days later,\\nGeneral Lee surrendered his army to General Grant\\nat Appomattox, Virginia. The war was over.\\nThis war put an end to slavery in the United\\nStates, and now there is probably no one who would\\nreally wish it back. The war made the people of", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "The Civil War.\\n327\\nthe North and South respect each other. It showed\\nthat the American people are just as brave, just as\\npatriotic, just as self-sacrificing, as they ever were.\\nThe union of the states was preserved, and it was\\nshown that no state could withdraw from the Union.\\nOn April 14, 1865,\\nonly four days after\\nLee s surrender. Pres-\\nident Lincoln was\\nshot by an assassin,\\nand the rejoicing over\\nthe coming of peace\\nwas changed to the\\ndeepest mourning.\\nThe whole coun-\\ntry had come to re-\\ngard Abraham Lin-\\ncoin as worthy of the\\nhio^hest confidence\\nhe had inspired such\\nadmiration and affec-\\ntion as had been given to no one except Washing-\\nton. His loss was mourned over the whole world as\\nthat of a devoted patriot, and a good and great man.\\nRobert E. Lee.\\nFrom a photograph in 1862.\\nOUTLINE.\\nThe great Civil War began in 1861. The people of\\nthe North and the people of the South did not understand\\neach other. The Southern people thought slavery was", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "328 History of the United States.\\nright the Northern people, that it was wrong. The\\nSouthern people thought that a state could leave the\\nUnion if it wished the Northern people did not believe\\nin secession, as it was called. Seven Southern states\\nseceded and formed The Confederate States of America\\nfour other states joined them later. Fort Sumter, in\\nCharleston Harbor, was bombarded. This began the con-\\nflict. The war lasted four years. It was carried on chiefly\\nin the South. The people of the South suffered much\\nfrom the blockade of their ports which cut off all supplies.\\nThere were many terrible battles and great loss of life\\non each side. The South was compelled to give up the\\nstruggle. The war put an end to slavery, and showed\\nthat no state could leave the Union. On April 14, 1865,\\nPresident Lincoln was shot by an assassin. His loss was\\nmourned over the whole world.\\nTell why the people of the North and the people of the South\\ndid not understand each other better.\\nHow did the people of the South look upon slavery?\\nHow did the people of the North look upon it?\\nWhy did the people of the South wish to leave the Union\\nHow many states seceded?\\nWhat name did the seceding states take\\nHow did the people of the North look upon secession?\\nWhat did President Lincoln say\\nTell about the bombardment of Fort Sumter.\\nHow long did the war last\\nName some of the generals and naval officers.\\nTell what effect the blockade had on the people of the South.\\nWhat questions did the war settle\\nWhat sad event took place at the close of the war?\\nHow was President Lincoln regarded by all men?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "THE UNITED STATES IN RECENT YEARS.\\nThe Northern and Western states soon after the\\nCivil War settled back into peaceful life. In the\\nSouth the people had lost nearly everything, and\\nmany of them had to make a fresh start in life.\\nThe state and local governments had to be reorgan-\\nized and many difficult questions settled. But, as the\\nyears went on, the South recovered from her losses\\nand prospered greatly. She has grown larger crops\\nof cotton than ever before many railroads have\\nbeen constructed, many mines have been opened,\\nand many new manufactories have been established.\\nIn Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida\\ngreat quantities of fruits and early vegetables are\\nraised, w^hich, by means of steamers and rapid rail-\\nroad trains, find a ready market in the cities of the\\nNorth and West.\\nThe whole country has steadily increased in popu-\\nlation, wealth, and prosperity, notwithstanding times\\nof depression in business.\\nThe United States bouoht the orreat Louisiana\\nterritory in 1S03; later, in 18 19, she bought Florida;\\nlater still Texas was annexed, the Mexican Cession\\ngained, and Oregon secured. Another large addi-\\ntion of territory was made in 1867, when Alaska was\\n329", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "C i/^/^ c\\n330", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "The United States in Recent Years. 331\\npurchased from Russia. This great territory does\\nnot touch the rest of the United States at any point.\\nIt has a scanty population of Indians. Except\\nalong the coast the winters are very cold, and there\\nis much ice and snow. There are high mountains,\\nand large glaciers, some of which reach to the sea\\nfrom these huge pieces of ice break off and fall into\\nthe sea, forming icebergs. Many fur-bearing ani-\\nmals are still to be found in Alaska, and the islands\\nin Bering Sea have been the resort of thousands of\\nseals, but the rapacity of the seal hunters has nearly\\ndestroyed the herds. Alaska is rich in mineral\\nwealth. Gold was discovered in the Klondike re-\\ngion in 1898. Owing to the long winters and the\\nrigorous climate, it will never be a second California,\\nbut it is already of very much greater value than\\nany one thought possible when it was bought.\\nThe building of railroads has been one of the most\\nstriking features of the development of the United\\nStates. Settlement, of course, came in the East\\nbefore railroads but in the West settlement, as a\\nrule, has gone along with the railroad, without which\\nthe growth of towns and cities would not have been\\nnearly so rapid.\\nMen felt that unless there was some quick and\\neasy way to get from the extreme East to the ex-\\ntreme West, those who lived on the Pacific coast\\nmight think that they could get along very well\\nwithout those on the Atlantic coast, and those on", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "332 History of the United States.\\nthe Atlantic coast might care very Httle for those\\non the Pacific coast. This feehng led to the con-\\nstruction of the Pacific railroads.\\nCongress made liberal grants of land and money,\\nand the work of building the Pacific Railway was\\nbegun during the Civil War. The road was started\\nfrom both the east and the west. On the loth of\\nView on the Union Pacific Railroad, Colorado.\\nFrom a photograph.\\nMay, 1869, the two construction parties met at\\nPromontory Point, Utah. The junction was made\\nwith great ceremony. The last rail was fastened\\nwith a gold spike from California, a silver one from\\nNevada, and an iron one from Arizona. Two en-\\ngines, one from the east and one from the west,\\nblew their whistles loud and long, and touched each\\nother to show that the great roadway from the\\nAtlantic to the Pacific was completed. Other", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "The United States in Recent Years. 333\\nPacific railroads have been constructed since, and\\ncrossing the continent is no longer a journey to be\\ndreaded.\\nWhen men in Europe wish to go to Japan by the\\nquickest route, they cross the Atlantic to America,\\nWilliam McKinlky.\\nElected President of the United States, 1896. Photographed by Rockwood, New York.\\ntake the railroad to the Pacific coast, and embark\\nin an ocean steamer, which brings them to Japan\\nin thirty days or less from England. Columbus\\nwas right when he said that the best way to go to\\nthe east was by going west, but how different the\\njourney to-day from that of which he dreamed", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "334 History of the United States.\\nNo one could have imagined that so great a\\nnation as the United States could have come into\\nexistence in the western hemisphere. The wonder-\\nful prosperity and development of the great republic\\nhave been due in part to great natural advan-\\ntages, but these alone would not have brought suc-\\ncess. Without the earnestness, the frugality, the\\nindependent, self-reliant spirit, and the love of con-\\nquering difficulties, all of which are characteristics\\nof the Anglo-Saxon race, the natural advantages\\nwould have amounted to little.\\nAfter more than thirty years of peace the United\\nStates became involved in a war with Spain in 1898.\\nIt was the first conflict with a European power since\\n181 5. For years Spain had oppressed and misgov-\\nerned Cuba. The Cubans rebelled. Spain made\\nfair promises of better treatment, but they were not\\ncarried out. Again the Cubans rebelled. Accounts\\nof Spanish cruelty came from time to time to Amer-\\nica, causing many Americans to sympathize warmly\\nwith the Cuban insurgents. The large and profit-\\nable trade which had existed between the United\\nStates and Cuba was almost ruined. The condition\\nof the Cubans became worse and worse.\\nThe United States government sent the battle-\\nship Maine to Havana to protect American inter-\\nests. On February 15, 1898, she was blown up and\\nsunk with over two hundred and fifty of her crew.\\nThe feelings of the great body of the American", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "The United States in Recent Years. 335\\npeople were so wrought up that Congress soon\\npassed resokitions declaring that Cuba ought to be\\nfree, and that, if the Spaniards did not withdraw,\\nthe United States should compel them to go. Spain\\nbroke off all relations with the United States. The\\nPresident ordered a blockade of parts of the Cuban\\ncoast, troops were enlisted, and war was begun.\\nThe United States had\\na fleet of war vessels under\\nCommodore George Dewey\\nat Hong-Kong, China. He\\nwas ordered to the Philip-\\npine Islands, a Spanish\\npossession. On the ist of\\nMay he entered the harbor\\nof Manila, and, eno^ao^inQr\\nthe Spanish fleet, captured\\nor destroyed every vessel,\\nwithout the loss of one of\\nhis own men.\\nMeanwhile, the blockade\\nof Cuba was kept up. Spain sent a fleet to Cuba\\nthis fleet w^as blockaded by American vessels in the\\nharbor of Santias^o, and when it ventured out, it\\nwas pursued and totally destroyed by the American\\nvessels, with the loss of but one American killed\\nand two wounded.\\nUnited States forces had been landed to attack\\nthe city of Santiago. After some sharp fighting the\\nGeorge Dewey.\\nFrom a photograph taken in", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "336 History of the United States.\\ncity surrendered. Another expedition was sent to\\nthe island of Porto Rico. With httle difficulty the\\nAmerican troops overran a good part of the island,\\nbut before the capital was reached Spain had sued\\nfor peace.\\nBy the terms of the temporary agreement, Spain\\nwas to give up all claim to Cuba and to cede to the\\nUnited States Porto Rico and the island of Guam\\n(one of the Ladrones in the Pacific Ocean). Manila\\n3j^^s^WW^^S? /\u00c2\u00abv-J!ji^^^\\nMoRRO Castle, opposite Havana, Cuba.\\nFrom a photograph.\\nwas to be held by the United States until a formal\\ntreaty of peace should be made. The war had\\nlasted one hundred and fourteen days.\\nMeanwhile, the Hawaiian Islands had been an-\\nnexed to the United States in July, 1898. In Feb-\\nruary, 1899, the United States Senate ratified the\\ntreaty of peace with Spain by which the United\\nStates, in addition to what had been agreed upon,\\ngained the Philippine Islands.\\nIn less than a year the United States annexed\\nthe Hawaiian Islands, Porto Rico, Guam, and the\\nPhilippines, and assumed temporary control of", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "The United States in Recent Years. 337\\nCuba; in December, 1899, by agreement with Great\\nBritain and Germany, she gained Tutuila and the\\nislands near it of the Samoan group in the South\\nPacific.\\nThe United States has thus been changed\\nSenate and Legislative Buildings, Honolulu, Hawaii.\\nFrom a photograph.\\nfrom a strictly American power to one of world-wide\\nextent. It is not possible to foretell what the result\\nof this change will be upon her people and her\\ninstitutions.\\nOUTLINE.\\nAfter the Civil War the country settled back into peace-\\nful occupations. The South began a new career of pros-\\nperity. Alaska was bought in 1867. It is rich in mineral\\nwealth. The railroad has been of the greatest help in the\\nsettlement of the whole country it has been a means of", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "338 History of the United States.\\nuniting the East and West. Natural advantages joined\\nwith the earnestness and self-reliant spirit of the Anglo-\\nSaxon race have been the means of developing this great\\ncountry. War with Spain broke out in 1898. Spain\\noppressed Cuba. The people of the United States\\nsympathized with the Cubans. The Maine was sent to\\nHavana, and was blown up. After a short war Spain\\nsued for peace. The United States acquired Porto Rico,\\nthe Philippines, Guam, and assumed temporary control of\\nCuba. The United States has thus been changed to a\\nworld-wide power.\\nTell about the prosperity of the South after the Civil War.\\nDescribe Alaska.\\nHow has the railroad helped to develop the country?\\nTell about the Pacific railroads.\\nTell how it is that the United States has been so prosperous.\\nTell about the cause of the war with Spain.\\nWhat did the United States gain as a result of the war?", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a04;:;;; v/^^T r\\nI .^.^XLr ALASKA", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS", "height": "3509", "width": "2275", "jp2-path": "elementaryhistor01thom_0362.jp2"}}