{"1": {"fulltext": "JHH\\nin\\nmm", "height": "3385", "width": "2512", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "z\\na\\nH\\na:", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "THE\\nGOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nA WINTER VISIT TO\\nTHE REPUBLICS OF COLOMBIA, COSTA\\nRICA, SPANISH HONDURAS, BELIZE\\nAND THE SPANISH MAIN\\nVIA BOSTON AND NEW ORLEANS\\nWRITTEN AND ILLUSTRATED BY\\nHENRY R. BLANEY\\nAUTHOR OF OLD BOSTON, PHOTOGRAVURE, ETC.\\nBOSTON\\nLEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS\\nMCM", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "49411\\n\\\\kl Cunts* Ktct^tD\\nSEP 19 1900\\nSECCHD COPY.\\nOetiwratfto\\n0\u00c2\u00ab0t\u00c2\u00ab DIVISION,\\nSEP 24 I90U\\nr2/7/\\nCopyright, 1900, by The United Fruit Company.\\nAll rights reserved.\\nThe Golden Caribbean.\\nColor Reproductions by Osgood Art Colortype Co.\\nNew York\\nNorwood Press\\nJ. S. Cushing Co. Berwick Smith\\nNorwood, Mass., U.S.A.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS\\nCHAPTER I\\nPAGE\\nThe Golden Caribbean i\\nCHAPTER II\\nRepublic of Colombia, S.A 7\\nCHAPTER III\\nHistorical Notes 13\\nCHAPTER IV\\nCartagena 19\\nCHAPTER V\\nColombia and the Colombians 27\\nCHAPTER VI\\nBOCAS DEL TORO, REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA, S.A. 33\\nCHAPTER VII\\nFolk-lore of Colombia 4*\\nCHAPTER VIII\\nCosta Rica, C.A. 4^", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "vi CONTENTS\\nCHAPTER IX\\nPAGE\\nBanana Culture in Costa Rica 68\\nCHAPTER X\\nEl Salvador 73\\nCHAPTER XI\\nThe Republic of Honduras 87\\nCHAPTER XII\\nThe Republic of Guatemala 99\\nCHAPTER XIII\\nBritish Honduras 102\\nCHAPTER XIV\\nFrom New Orleans to Port Limon, Costa Rica 113", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "LIST OF COLOR REPRODUCTIONS\\nCartagena\\nShaddock, Tangerine, Orange\\nMarket Cart. Cartagena\\nCartagena Bird Seller\\nEscape of the Buccaneers\\nBoca Chica (Cartagena)\\nMacaw\\nChurch of San Juan de Dios, Cartagena\\nHibiscus Grandiflora\\nMain Street of Bocas del Toro\\nIndian Woman of Talamanca, Costa Rica\\nIndian Woman and Children, Costa Rica\\nIn the Forest of Costa Rica\\nBridge in the Suburbs of Cartago\\nSan Jose (Peon Market Cart)\\nThe Plain of San Jose\\nAntique Indian Costa Rican Pottery\\nFresh from the Plantation\\nRuins of Church at Orosl Costa Rica\\nFrontispiece\\nFACING PAGE\\n4\\n12\\n18\\n20\\n26\\n3\u00c2\u00b0\\n34\\n40\\n44\\n48\\n54\\n56\\n58\\n62\\n66\\n72\\n76", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "LIST OF COLOR REPRODUCTIONS\\nIndian Woman, Costa Rica\\nA Plantation Laborer\\nThe Honduras Coast\\nSan Pedro Sula\\nCentral Park (Tegucigalpa, Honduras)\\nCargo Boats\\nBelize (Old Gate)\\nStreet in Belize (British Honduras)\\nMaya Monolith (Belize)\\nBelize (Washerwoman)\\nBlack Pine, Cherrimoyer, Avacado Pear, etc\\nFACII\\nIG PAGE\\n80\\n84\\n88\\n92\\n94\\n98\\n102\\n106\\nno\\n112\\nETC\\n1 116", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nCHAPTER I\\nTl?e Qold ?i? Qaribbeai}\\nROM the deck of one of the admirals of the\\nUnited Fruit Company s line of steamers, we bid\\ngood-by for a season to the wintry blasts of New\\nEngland, with the snow and chilly east winds inherent to\\nthe capital of Massachusetts the steamer, heading for the\\nopen sea, soon drops the sandy shores of Cape Cod and\\nthe sparkling gleam of Highland Light far astern. We\\nturn with a grateful sense of comfort to the warmth of the\\ncosey receptiqn saloon of the steamer, leaving the deck to\\nthe hardy sailormen who are inured to changes in the\\nweather.\\nIn two days we are in another clime all feeling of\\nfrost has disappeared, and the officers of the ship put on\\ntheir white duck suits and a tropical smile, and talk enter-\\ntainingly of mermaids and such things to the lady pas-\\nsengers.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "2 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nYou see (speaking confidentially, as if we were in the\\nsmoking room of the steamer with a chosen listener), you\\nhave done well to cast in your lot with us here you have\\nall that heart could wish, for a touch on the electric button\\nbrings a steward from the little room around the corner,\\nwho will see that the Apollinaris is correctly chilled,\\nand other concomitants added. If my language is getting\\nsomewhat unusual and slightly mixed (along with the\\nliquids), you may lay it all to old Noah Webster, who\\nsays, A concomitant is a person or thing that accompanies\\nanother, or is collaterally connected. Eleven hundred and\\ntwenty miles of ocean has been swiftly left behind at a\\nfourteen-mile gait the steamer passing Watling s Island\\nLight during the night, twenty-four hours more must be given\\nbefore we pass Bird Rocks and Castle Island, and greet,\\nan hour after sunset, the fixed white light of Cape May si\\n(Cuba), seventy-three miles from Port Antonio, Jamaica.\\nThe next morning at 9 a.m. the blue mountains of\\nJamaica gradually appear, at first as a cloud, then ravines\\n,and cliffs paint delicately the distant sky, and the most\\nbeautiful of all the islands of the Golden Caribbean\\nbursts grandly out, wreathed in mist.\\nThe valleys remain awhile clouded, but the projecting\\nmasses of cliff and slope swiftly change their delicate\\ngreen to a brighter hue as the steamer approaches Port", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN 3\\nAntonio. The entrance to the harbor of Port Antonio is\\ncertainly as tropical in appearance as one could desire or\\ndream of. The breeze from the shore wafts sweet scents\\nof flowers to the ship, and the atmosphere is charged with\\nthe moisture of wet earth the heat increases as the\\nsteamer passes the lighthouse at Folly Point, and a stento-\\nrian call from a megaphone at the Titchfield House, desir-\\ning information as to how cold it was in Boston, assures the\\nvoyager that frost is indeed a stranger here. The traveller\\nwho desires to proceed to Central and South America\\nlands in Port Antonio and goes overland by train to\\nKingston, where he trans-ships for Cartagena and Port\\nLimon.\\nIt would be well, however, to stop some time in Port\\nAntonio (staying at the Titchfield House, which is owned\\nand managed by the United Fruit Company), as the scen-\\nery about Port Antonio, especially on the Golden Vale\\nroad, is famous for its loveliness.\\nIt is hardly necessary to mention at this time the mani-\\nfold beauties and remarkable sights witnessed in Jamaica,\\nas it would require a separate volume to detail them. Full\\ntechnical information for tourists and business men is given\\nin a booklet published by the United Fruit Company, and\\nthere are numerous books written by English and American\\nauthors which cover the whole ground.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "4 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nUpon leaving Kingston, Jamaica, the steamer heads south,\\ncrossing the Caribbean Sea, the cool northeast trade winds\\npouring across the decks in an ever increasing deluge,\\nthe intense blue of this protected sea sparkling and seething\\nunder a tropical sun. The farther one goes south upon\\nthe Caribbean the more tender becomes the lovely sunset\\nsky effects of color are noticed which one never sees else-\\nwhere the vessel heels to the breeze and cleaves with a\\nregular motion the broad expanse of sea. The thermometer\\nmarks an easy 8o\u00c2\u00b0, and we lounge about in a dreamy\\necstasy, getting acclimated with rapidity. After two days,\\na part of the Andean mountain system raise their majestic\\nheads above the horizon, and the long pier at Sabanilla\\ncomes into sight, as the picturesque shore of South America\\nlies before us. The Andean plateau, the main axis of the\\ncontinent, extends along the entire western coast it sup-\\nports parallel ranges, which constitute the Andean system.\\nThe high peaks of one of these parallel ranges can be seen\\nat sunrise from Sabanilla, the tops covered with snow but\\none has to look for them before sunrise, as the mountains\\ndisappear under the direct rays of the sun.\\nTravellers land at the Great Pier (four thousand feet\\nlong), at the station Puerto Colombia, in Sabanilla Bay.\\nThe steamer stops here usually thirty-six hours or more,\\ngiving the tourist or business man time to take the Barran-", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "o\\nC\\nZ\\nUJ\\na\\na\\nx:", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN 5\\nquilla Railway and visit the interesting town of Barranquilla,\\neighteen miles from the sea. The time taken in reaching\\nthe town by the railroad is one hour and fifteen minutes\\nfare, $4.05 (first class) Colombian currency; the money\\nexchange usually standing at about $5.00 paper for $1.00\\ngold. Return tickets (good for two days), $4.80 paper.\\nOnly handbags will be allowed to pass with first-class\\npassengers at time of disembarking.\\nBarranquilla covers a large area of territory, and has a\\npopulation of forty thousand. It is a very healthful town,\\nthe thermometer ranging from 85 to 95 normally; the\\nlowest mark noticed was about 72 The water supply is\\nfrom the Magdalena River, and when filtered is excellent,\\nand newcomers can drink it with safety. There are\\nseveral good hotels in Barranquilla; prices range from\\n$4.00, paper, to $6.00 per day.\\nBarranquilla has three Catholic churches and a Prot-\\nestant chapel under the Presbyterian Board of Missions.\\nThe steamship lines whose steamers touch at Sabanilla are\\nthe United Fruit Company, Royal Mail, French Line,\\nHamburg Line, Atlas Line, and others. Sabanilla is left\\nbehind during the night we proceed to Cartagena through\\npitchy darkness and a gloom of thunder-storm the steamer\\nplunges forward into a sable curtain, as lightning flashes\\nvividly and torrents of tropical rain are driven across the", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "6 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\ndeck by the northeast trades. The Boca Chica at sunrise\\nThe narrow and deep entrance of the harbor of Cartagena\\nis very interesting and absorbing in its characteristic charm\\nand novelty, for the steamer makes a complete circle on\\nits course from Sabanilla before it reaches the wharf. To\\nthe left, one sees a low-lying, green, white-edged shore,\\nsparsely settled; and in a retired cove, cut off from all con-\\ntact with humanity, a leper settlement of about twenty\\nhouses lies forgotten beneath the palms, and lines the white\\nwinding thread of beach with its wretched hovels. Ahead\\nrises the hill of La Popa with its white-walled convent on\\nthe extreme end, forming a landmark seen for miles at sea,\\nand covered with a luxuriant tropical vegetation.\\nThe city of Cartagena, reflected in the clear waters of\\nthe harbor, is seen (from the deck of the steamer as it\\nreaches the wharf) spread out along the shore, a city full\\nof color, with its red tiled roofs and multi-tinted balconies\\nglowing in the beams of the rising sun.\\nPORT ANTONIO.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER II\\nI^epublk of Colombia, 5-\\nl ARTAGENA is more Spanish than Spain itself.\\nThe quaint and rich architecture of the earliest\\nperiod is here held in suspension, as a fly in amber.\\nWhole streets blaze in tropical colors of blue, pink, and\\nyellow; rare and curious balconies clog the sky line as one\\npasses from square to square, the carving rather of a rough\\nand cumbrous order, rarely, if ever, delicate.\\nCertain streets, however, remind one of Malaga, others\\nof Algiers or Tunis. The old city sleeps under a moist\\nand torrid climate, slowly decaying, the energy of its citi-\\nzens being expended in seeking the nearest refreshment\\nsaloon, and excitedly discussing the latest news of the\\nmoney exchange. The experienced traveller, in sympathy\\nwith tropical conditions, lands in Cartagena eager for the\\nrenewal of old associations and sensations acquired in\\nother countries about the equator, and they rush upon him\\nwith a vengeance. Every sensation is accentuated and\\nenlarged abnormally the street cries are tropically Span-\\nish, negro, and Indian razorback pigs squeal on every\\n7", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "8 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\ncorner though the streets are badly paved, yet there are\\nno bad smells, the copious rains that wash the streets at\\nregular intervals are antiseptic, and the city is healthful\\nfor a foreigner of any nation. The citizens are civil and\\ncourteous, English being spoken on every hand, and the\\nAmerican and Englishman is welcomed with open arms,\\nespecially if the rate of exchange is advancing\\nFrom the wharf of the Cartagena Terminal and Improve-\\nment Company Ld. (where the steamer lands the traveller)\\nit is only a short ride of five minutes by rail to the city,\\nthe Cartagena-Magdalena Railway continuing for sixty-\\nfive miles to Calamar on the Magdalena River, both\\nrailway and terminal wharf being under the same Boston\\nownership and efficient management. An easy entrance\\nto the country, through the custom-house, assisted by cour-\\nteous employees, a mad ride through the multi-colored\\nstreets to the American Hotel, and then quiet and rest\\nin the cool and spacious rooms and corridors, which the\\nSpaniard, inured to tropical conditions, knows how to rear\\nso well. The weather conditions to an unacclimatized\\nNortherner are rather trying at first, though the humid\\nheat is steady and regular something -that one can count\\non from day to day then the evenings are delicious, and\\nthe early morning a revelation for freshness.\\nThe northeast trade winds blow regularly every day", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "Market Cart\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cartagena.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA 9\\nfrom ten o clock until midnight, tempering the heat and\\nmaking Cartagena a paradise for invalids. One of the\\nmost interesting and enjoyable jaunts out of Cartagena is\\nthe railroad journey of about four hours on the Cartagena-\\nMagdalena Railway. The cars are comfortable, and the\\nconductors, who speak English, arrange everything for\\nthe comfort of the passengers. The train glides smoothly\\nalong through the suburbs of Cartagena, mounting rapidly\\ntoward the higher hills surrounding the city from these\\nterraces, several hundred feet above the sea level, occa-\\nsional glimpses are seen of Cartagena, glistening in the\\nsun, the yellow walls of the fortifications lying mellow\\nagainst the deep blue sea. The vegetation along the track,\\nwet with dew, sparkles in the early morning sunlight. At\\nSanta Isabel (the first station on the road) broad savannas,\\naffording fine grazing fields for sleek cattle, spread out and\\nmelt into blue haze in the distance.\\nThe railroad company own a large plantation here, and\\nmaintain fine water rights, which serve to supply Cartagena\\nwith water huge iron tanks, mounted on railway trucks,\\ntransport the water on the railway daily to the city. Cala-\\nmar (the terminal of the railway on the Magdalena River)\\nis a small town with very wide streets, the houses of one\\nstory and built of adobe. Travellers will find a small\\nhotel in Calamar, managed by a Frenchman, where break-", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "io THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nfast may be obtained. There is time enough after break-\\nfast to walk about the town and inspect the Magdalena\\nRiver, also the handsome steamers, of the Compania Flu-\\nvial de Cartagena, before taking the return train to Car-\\ntagena. The hotel gives a fair Spanish breakfast, and as an\\nextra a good bottle of French claret. The brown flood of\\nthe noble Magdalena River rushes by Calamar to the sea,\\nspreading out to over half a mile in width opposite the\\nwharf. The banks are low, resembling the shores of the\\nMississippi River below New Orleans. On the return trip\\nto the Most noble and most loyal city, one notices at\\nTurbaco how cool and fresh the air becomes. Turbaco is\\nquite a health resort for the inhabitants of Cartagena\\nmany business men own summer houses, and arrange to\\nhave their families live there during a portion of the year.\\nA carriage ride to La Papa, or a walk along the enor-\\nmous walls (which surround Cartagena) in the cool of\\nthe evening, will give one a good idea of the city. Sea\\nbathing is very enjoyable on the northern shore below the\\ncity wall, where a bathhouse, or shed, has been erected\\nfor the protection of bathers. It is perfectly safe to bathe\\nhere, and one should make it a point to visit the beach\\nonce a day to keep down the temperature of the body.\\nThere is something about Cartagena which causes one\\nto depart reluctantly for after you have been at the hotel", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA\\nii\\nfor a few days an acquaintance is made with the other\\nguests, who keep you informed as to the news and local\\ngossip of the town. In two rows of rocking-chairs, facing\\neach other in the wide entrance door leading to the patio,\\nthe guests of the hotel and their visiting friends sit by\\nthe hour in the evening, smoking and chatting, and one\\nstudies them with interest. There is the slim and dapper\\nbook-keeper of a local German commission house, who\\nA TROPICA I. HOME.\\nspeaks English, Spanish, German, Russian, and Dutch; a\\ntravelling man who engages in the risky business of sell-\\ning dynamite throughout Colombia, and who rejoices in\\nthe unique name of Apple; a department manager of a\\ncertain railroad occasionally puts in his appearance and", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "12 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nattempts to sell, broken-down boilers at high prices to\\nexasperated chums the dynamite salesman declaims with\\nfervor about backwoods travel to an admiring audience\\nlittle black boys of the town dodge about the door of the\\nhotel and beg for coin, and, when ignored, claim an easy-\\nlooking bachelor as Papa, amid quizzing remarks from\\nfriends of the victim.\\nThey are interesting men to meet, these fun-loving\\nand genial members of the local foreign colony, and in\\nafter years we will recall with enjoyment the many pleasant\\nmoments passed in their society.\\nfi", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Q\\nOS\\n32\\nz\\nUJ\\nu\\nH\\nOS\\nU", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III\\nj-listorieal |fot ?5\\n^HE discoverer of the coast of Cartagena was\\nRodrigo de Bastidas, a native of Seville, Spain,\\nwho started from Cadiz in the year 1500, accom-\\npanied by the famous navigator Juan de la Casa, who\\ndirected his course toward the coasts of Venezuela, touching\\nat Rio de Hacha and Santa Marta, exchanging the gold\\nand pearls which he found, but acting with great prudence\\nand moderation rare qualities amongst the adventurers of\\nthose times. In 1501 he pursued his course, passing by\\nthe mouth of the river which he named Magdalena and\\nthen, continuing on, passed by Galera, Zamba, Cartagena,\\nthe islands of Baru, San Bernando, and Isla Furte. He\\nentered the bay of Cispata and the river Sinu, the gulf\\nof Darien, and ended at the Isthmus, where Columbus had\\nbeen just before him on this voyage. Several years passed\\nbefore any thoughts were entertained of making settle-\\nments in this vicinity, and it was not until 1508 that Alonzo\\nde Ojeda (who had already visited these coasts with other\\nfamous navigators) came, accompanied by the pilot Juan\\n13", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "i 4 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nde la Casa and Diego Nicuesa, a rich merchant of the\\nisland of Sto. Domingo, to establish a colony. Ojeda con-\\ntracted to construct four forts in the country under his\\njurisdiction, and to pay to the king of Spain one-fifth of\\nthe profits derived from those regions, with liberty to\\nreturn to Spain and enjoy the fortune that he might\\nacquire.\\nThe conquest and government of this territory were con-\\nferred by the king to Ojeda, who arrived at Calamar (now\\nCartagena) in 1509. He anchored off the island of Tierra\\nBomba, then called Codego. He suggested to the Indians\\nthat they submit to the king of Spain, and as these alleged\\nfor their refusal the violence and cruelty of previous adven-\\nturers, he determined to reduce them by. force. He dis-\\nembarked with his men and attacked the Indians, capturing\\nsixty of them and burning eight who defended themselves\\nin their dwellings he followed them up to the village of\\nTurbaco, where the natives made a vigorous resistance,\\nand finally routed him completely and killed his great\\nfriend and protector, Juan de la Casa. He was obliged to\\nreturn to Calamar without a single soldier. Finding there\\nhis old enemy Diego de Nicuesa, who was on his way to\\nVeraguas, he asked and obtained from him sufficient forces\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2to attack the natives of Turbaco, who, on this occasion,\\nwere vanquished and cruelly chastised for their valorous", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL NOTES 15\\nconduct, the Spaniards sparing neither age nor sex. After\\nsearching among the smoking ruins for gold, of which\\nthey found a small quantity, they returned to their vessels\\nand continued their voyage to the coast of Darien, where,\\nafter suffering many encounters with the tribes, Ojeda\\nserved under Hernan Cortes and went to the island of\\nSto. Domingo.\\nThe successor of Ojeda, in the conquest of this region,\\nwas Don Pedro de Heredia, a native of Madrid. He was\\nappointed by Charles I. of Spain and V. of Austria, in\\nJanuary, 1533. He changed the Indian name of Calamar\\n(which means crab) for that of Cartagena, which it still\\nhas, and which he gave on account of the resemblance\\nwhich he found between the handsome bay before him and\\nthat of Cartagena in Spain.\\nThe founding of the city took place on the first of\\nJanuary, 1533. Cartagena is the third important city\\nfounded in America by the Spaniards. Heredia met with\\nresistance from most of the tribes, especially those of Cana-\\npote, Tezca, and Turbaco, the latter burning their dwell-\\nings before submitting to the conqueror, even the women\\nand children and their old men fighting with as much\\nvalor as the young braves, in just defence of their rights.\\nThe abundant fishery and its handsome and commodious\\nharbor brought to the vicinity of Calamar several tribes,", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "16 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nwho lived in complete harmony with each other. Carex\\nwas the name of the chief that governed the adjacent\\nisland of Codego (now Tierra Bomba), and its principal\\nvillage was situated at the entrance of Boca CJiica. On\\nthe opposite side of the bay were Cospique, Matarapa, and\\nCocon, and farther inland was Bohaire. With few excep-\\ntions almost every village bore the name of its cacique,\\nor chief, and often several small villages were subject to\\na single cacique to whom they must render tribute.\\nAmongst the most important caciques at the time of\\nthe conquest were Camlayo, a great cacique of Mahates\\nCarex, chief of Codego, Coco, and Caspique Malambo,\\ncacique of Malambo Piohon, chief of Piojo, Canapote, and\\nTezca Morotoara, of Tubara Guaspates, of Zamba, and\\nothers.\\nHeredia was informed concerning the condition of these\\nneighboring tribes by an old Indian named Corinche, whom\\nhe had long used as a guide, and a faithful Indian girl\\nnamed Catalina, who was his interpreter. He then deter-\\nmined to send Corinche in a canoe to the Cacique Carex\\nof Codego, to request him to submit to the king of Spain,\\noffering him good treatment and friendship, and at the\\nsame time asking for provisions, of which he was in great\\nneed.\\nCorinche faithfully fulfilled his mission and made every", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL NOTES\\n17\\neffort to persuade Carex cf the good intentions of the\\nSpaniards but the haughty cacique answered that it was\\nall a lie, that the strangers only came to rob them of their\\nlands and their liberty, and that he was decided to fight\\nuntil his last breath in defence of his possessions.\\nUpon receiving this answer, Heredia embarked- at once\\nwith all his troops, and crossing the bay attacked Carex\\nwho made all possible resistance, losing many of his tribe\\nA STEAMER OF THE UNITED FRUIT COMPANY.\\nand several important chiefs, whilst he fell a prisoner, and\\nthe Spaniards seized about $100,000 gold, in possession of\\nthe tribe.\\nAn expedition was sent to the coast, guided by the\\nCacique Caron, to make a treaty of peace with the Cacique\\nDulio, the most powerful of the neighboring chiefs, and\\nthe Spaniards were so successful that they returned with", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "i8 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\n),ooo gold, and accompanied by other chiefs who came\\nto make their offers of peace.\\nSeveral other excursions were made to the nearest tribes,\\nfrom whom the Spaniards derived not less than a million\\nand a half ducats of gold, amongst which was a gold por-\\ncupine, which weighed seventy-five pounds and was wor-\\nshipped by the Indians of Canapote.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IV\\nCartage 7a\\nMERICANS are probably familiar with the stories\\nof tne old voyagers of the conquest who followed\\nso closely in the wake of Columbus, and know\\nthat it was Columbus himself who in September, 1502,\\ndiscovered Cabo Gracias a Dios on the Colombian coast,\\nand in October of the same year what is now Bocas del\\nToro. Later, he touched at other points on the coast.\\nThe small specimens of fine gold taken home by Colum-\\nbus from this voyage were the beginning of that steady\\ngolden current which for many years filled the Spanish\\ncoffers, the getting of which gold, and the attendant cruel-\\nties and atrocities inflicted on the mild-mannered Indians,\\nhas been so graphically described by Kingsley in West-\\nward Ho. In those clays of conquests, when freebooters\\nand buccaneers were more plentiful than peaceful vessels\\non the Caribbean Sea, a safe storehouse for treasure and\\na rendezvous for the ships of Spain were a necessity, and\\nthe town of Cartagena was selected for this purpose\\nand founded on the beautiful and land-locked bay of that\\n19", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "2 o THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nname about 1533. By the subsequent closing with a line\\nof heavy boulders of the large entrance, Boca Grande, this\\nlast body of water, practically everywhere a safe anchorage\\nfor the boats of that day, could be approached by the nar-\\nrow channel of Boca Chica only, itself soon protected by\\ntwo massive stone forts. With the natural conditions so^\\nfavorable, and with no lack of gold nor of Indian slave labor,\\nit is small wonder that the Spaniards built of Cartagena\\na city almost but, as Sir Francis Drake proved later, not\\nquite impregnable.\\nThe marvel and the wonder is, however, and it throws\\ngreat credit on those early Spanish conquistadores, that\\nconsumed as they were with thirst for gold and plunder,\\nthey should have built walls and forts which stand to-day,\\nfor the most part, as firm and good as when they were\\nfinally completed 300 years ago.\\nTo better appreciate the magnitude and costliness of the\\nwork undertaken and carried out for the defence of Carta-\\ngena, you should study a plan of the city, showing the\\ndouble walls, the various bastions, and the system of\\nmoats or canals protecting the city -by surprise from land\\nattacks.\\nThe walls were begun toward the close of the sixteenth\\ncentury, and were finished just before the close of the\\nseventeenth, and cost $59,000,000 gold.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "O\\nc\\nu\\nu\\nx\\nU\\nu\\no", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "CARTAGENA 21\\nBefore these defences were completed, however, and\\nbefore the construction of the forts commanding Carta-\\ngena both on the land and sea side, the building of the\\ncity itself had made noteworthy .progress. The Cathedral,\\nthe construction of which was begun in 1538, was finished\\nabout 50 years later, and to-day carries its three and a\\nhalf centuries as lightly as many more recent but frailer\\nstructures carry a tenth of the period. The hard, unfor-\\ngiving lines of this old Catholic stronghold have a certain\\nconsistent relation to our impressions of the influences\\nwhich were potent in the days when this symbol of Chris-\\ntianity was first built by toiling slaves. The square tower,\\nhowever, has a certain dignity when seen over the bright\\nforeground of the Parque Bolivar, which compensates\\nsomewhat for the grim impression given by the contem-\\nplation of one of the old windows of the Cathedral now\\nfilled by a grill constructed from one of the old torture\\nbeds of the Inquisition at Cartagena.\\nTo those of us who are heretics and now visit Cartagena\\nthere are compensations in the lessened greatness of the\\nplace, in the fact that the danger of reposing on the\\nsharpened arrows of this grill, while glowing coals under-\\nneath are fanned to greater heat, is no longer one of the\\nlocal possibilities. The Inquisition Building itself, on one\\nside of the Parque Bolivar, is now occupied as a private", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "22 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nresidence but its exterior looks little different from what\\nit did in the old days. To-day it is used as a store for\\nmerchandise, and through this very door might have been\\nheard the cries wrung from the victims of the Inquisi-\\ntion by the crudest tortures. Over the outer entrance\\nis still sharp and clear the graven arms of the Church of\\nRome, and in Colombia to-day that church is still a part\\nof the state; but the inquisitors have given place to edu-\\ncated priests and unselfish hospital sisters, working alike\\nin the modernized cities and the Indian villages.\\nThe convent of Sto. Domingo was built in 1559, anc\\nis peculiarly interesting in design, and is still in a perfect\\nstate of preservation. The convent of the Franciscan\\nFathers, built in 1575, though in less perfect state, is\\npicturesque and quaint as seen across the broad Plaza de\\nla Independencia.\\nIn 1585 Philip II. granted to Cartagena its shield and\\narms, and a year later the title of Most noble and most\\nloyal city. The arms and title, however, were not suf-\\nficient to keep that brave old corsair admiral, Sir Francis\\nDrake, from capturing the place in 1586. The entrance\\nto the harbor through Boca Grande was not then made\\nimpossible, nor were the walls completed. Drake obtained\\nfull possession of the place, and demanded a ransom of\\n),ooo in gold, but afterward accepted all that could", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "CARTAGENA 23\\nbe gathered and offered him, and receipted on April 2,\\n1586, for $107,000. He also took the bells from the con-\\nvent of San Francisco, and then with his 19 vessels, more\\nor less, sailed away.\\nBefore the end of the seventeenth century the Boca\\nGrande was closed, and the forts at/ Boca Ckica built.\\nThe story, one of heroism and rorr/ance, connected with\\nthe defence of the fort (San Fernando) at Boca Ckica,\\nduring the attack by the French fleet in 1677, is one of\\nmost absorbing interest, and one of the many connected\\nwith the great days of the Heroic City, as it was later\\ncalled. At this time were also built the monastery of La\\nPopa and the fort of San Felipe.\\nThat part of Cartagena s past which most directly con-\\ncerns the New Englander is, however, the taking of the\\nplace in 1741 by a British fleet under Admiral Vernon.\\nWith this fleet, which consisted of 26 line-of-battle ships,\\n29 frigates, and 64 other craft, were 3600 American\\ntroops, of which five companies were from Massachusetts.\\nCartagena was defended by 2000 men, one-half of whom\\nwere Spanish troops. Although the place was taken, the\\ndefence was so formidable that the British losses were\\nvery serious, and the victory a discouraging one. The\\nfort of San Felipe, or San Lasaro as part of it is called,\\nwas never taken, although one of the bravest and bloodi-", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "24 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nest battles in history was fought there. The British and\\nColonial troops, numbering 1200 men, attacked at night,\\nand engaged the Spanish until well into the next day,\\nand until 600 men (half of their number) lay dead at the\\nfoot of those fatal walls.\\nLawrence Washington, as a lieutenant, commanded a\\ncompany under Lord Vernon in 1741 at the siege of\\nCartagena.\\nThis is a historical fact not generally known that Law-\\nrence Washington, brother of George Washington, first\\nPresident of the United States, was a lieutenant com-\\nmanding a company of men under Lord Vernon, who\\nbesieged Cartagena in 1741. A picture of the siege of\\nCartagena hung on the walls at Mt. Vernon, also named\\nafter the above General Lord Vernon. There were\\n600 Hessians never accounted for many were killed\\nat the assault of the forts, others wandered away into\\nthe interior and were lost sight of, having joined the\\nnatives or starved to death.\\nTo briefly summarize the later history of Colombia, it\\nobtained its freedom from Spain about 18 19, through the\\nleadership of the great Bolivar, the country then compris-\\ning, under the name of the Republic of Colombia, what\\nis now Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. Cartagena was\\ntwice besieged during the wars of independence. Within", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "CARTAGENA 25\\na few years, however, both Venezuela and Ecuador were\\nseparated from the union and separately organized,\\nColombia v taking the name of the Republic of New\\nGranada. In 1861, after a civil war, it became the\\nUnited States of Colombia, and then, after another civil\\nwar in 1885, again became the Republic of Colombia.\\nUp to this last date insurrections were of almost yearly\\noccurrence, and were a serious drawback to agricultural\\nand trade developments. Since 1885, with the exception\\nof a few months in 1894 and 1899 of revolutionary excite-\\nment, and insurrections of a guerilla nature, the country\\nhas enjoyed complete peace.\\nFrom the period of its supremacy to its desolation, the\\nfall of Cartagena kept pace with the falling of the other\\nSpanish possessions, whose existence depended on plunder\\nand theft but the peaceful agricultural development of the\\ncountry has been building up for the Most noble and\\nmost loyal city an important position, justified by its\\ncommanding situation and its magnificent harbor. The\\nrich products of the interior, coffee, tobacco, chocolate,\\nrubber, hides, etc., shipped to all parts of the world,\\nmake its wharves busy and its warehouses and shops\\nresonant with the hum of trade instead of the rattle of\\nmusketry and the grinding of steel.\\nWhere once a path, worn by the painful tramp of the", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "26 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\ntreasure-laden, whip-driven Indians, connected Cartagena\\nwith the Magdalena River, a substantial American railway\\nnow carries goods and passengers in a few hours over the\\ndifficult three days foot journey.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Macaw", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "K\\nCHAPTER V\\nQolombia ar)d tl? QoIom,biai}s\\nN 1893 there was completed and opened to public\\nservice, under a 50-year contract with the government,\\na magnificent new wharf at the head of the bay,\\nand large and commodious warehouses not excelled, and\\nperhaps not equalled, for solidity and convenience of con-\\nstruction by any in the West Indies or on the Spanish\\nMain.\\nThe bay of Cartagena is perfectly protected. Here\\nships may lie in absolute security with fires out and steam\\ndown, which cannot be said of any other port on the\\nAtlantic coast of Colombia.\\nThe Cartagena-Magdalena Railway, after leaving Carta-\\ngena, passes through the towns of Turbaco, Arjona, La\\nViuda, San Estanislao, Soplaviento, Hatoviejo, and Calamar\\n(65 miles) to the river terminus.\\nThe town of Calamar is on the bank of the Magdalena\\nRiver, 70 miles above its mouth, and is the starting-point\\nfor an interesting river voyage of from 500 to 600 miles\\ninto the interior on the rapid and comfortable boats of\\n27", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "28 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nthe Compania Fluvial de Cartagena, a new steamboat\\ncompany operating on the Magdalena River and its tribu-\\ntaries in connection with the Cartagena-Magdalena Rail-\\nway Company.\\nSteamers of from 50 to 200 tons burden have plied\\nregularly since 1833 between Honda and Calamar. The\\nHonda rapids can be surmounted by haulage, and steamers\\ndescend them in safety, though there is a fall of 20 feet\\nin two miles. Above this point the channel is clear\\nabout halfway to the source. The country is among the\\nmost mountainous in the world. All communications are\\nmost difficult and expensive. All freight must be trans-\\nported by mule as soon as it leaves the rivers. Goods\\narrive at the head of navigation at Las Yegues, unloaded\\nto storehouse then railroad to Arranca-Plumas, unloaded\\nand carried to river bank by men ferry barge here\\nacross the Magdalena River, unloaded and carried up the\\nsteep river bank and again placed in the storehouse\\nthen by mule trains to Bogota about 80 miles time for\\nfreight about five to ten days.\\nAs a general rule, the country at the higher elevation is\\ncertainly of a healthy character, while the mean annual tem-\\nperature at Bogota (8300 feet above the sea) is between\\n62\u00c2\u00b0-63\u00c2\u00b0 F. Bogota has a National Library with 40,000\\nvolumes, and a Museum of Curiosities and Antiquities.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "COLOMBIA AND THE COLOMBIANS 29\\nThe journey to Bogota is partly by the steamers of the\\nCompania Fluvial de Cartagena on the Magdalena River,\\npartly by railroad, and the balance by mule back, about\\nnine days in all being necessary to reach the capital.\\nFrom Honda, 600 miles above Calamar, there are three\\nridges or mountain passes to cross on mule back, two\\nabout 3000 feet each and one of 6000 feet or more.\\nBogota, the capital of the republic of Colombia, was\\nfounded by Gonzalo Jimenez de Ouesada, August 6, 1536,\\nand was constituted a city by the Emperor Charles V. of\\nSpain.\\nThe city contains about 120,000 inhabitants, also as an\\nArchiepiscopal See it contains ,30 edifices dedicated to\\nthe Roman Catholic faith.\\nIn 1893, the population of Colombia was variously esti-\\nmated at from 3,000,000 to 4,000,000. Near Bogota are\\nthe noted falls of Tequendama, with a height of 600 feet.\\nThe capital also boasts of an Astronomical Observatory,\\na National Theatre, and the San Juan de Dios Hos-\\npital.\\nThe city of Bogota, the capital of the republic, is said\\nto contain 120,000 inhabitants; while that of Medellin, the\\nsecond largest in Colombia and the capital of Antioquia,\\nis credited with 50,000. Cartagena, Panama, and Bucara-\\nmangar, the three cities next in importance, 20,000 inhabit-", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "30 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nants (these figures are only approximate). Among the\\neducated Colombians the traits of their Spanish ancestors\\nare strongly reproduced, this feature being doubtless the\\nmore marked in consequence of the isolation of the prin-\\ncipal towns of the interior, and on account of the difficulty\\nof transport and travel.\\nFrom these causes contact with foreigners is extremely\\nlimited, and Spanish customs and habits retained to a\\ngreater degree than _ generally found to be the case in\\nSouth America. Probably these circumstances also explain\\nto some extent the fact that the Spanish spoken by Colom-\\nbians has preserved a greater purity than is usually met\\nwith among the Spanish descendants in the New World.\\nAs a rule, the people are courteous and hospitable to their\\nown people and strangers alike a condition no doubt ren-\\ndered necessary by the long journeys on mule back always\\nrequired to be made by travellers through the departments\\nof the interior. Of Indian blood there is, of course, a\\nlarge admixture among the inhabitants, although the older\\nfamilies of Bogota show less of this strain than might be\\nexpected. On the plains, the bulk of the population is\\ncopper-colored. Roads for wagons are almost unknown.\\nSome 7000 miles of telegraph lines have been erected\\nin different parts of the republic, and Bogota is connected\\nby telegraph with nearly all the important cities of the", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "Church of San Juan de Dios Cartagena.", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "COLOMBIA AND THE COLOMBIANS 31\\nvarious departments. In principal towns telephone systems\\nhave been established.\\nColombia is in touch with the rest of the world through\\no\\nthe cable of the Central and South American Cable Com-\\npany. Regular steamer communication is maintained with\\nforeign countries by United States, British, German, Span-\\nish, Italian, and Chilian steamships.\\nThe mining industry of Colombia has shown little activity\\nof recent years, and mining enterprise has been principally\\ndevoted to the extraction of gold and the search for\\nemeralds. Silver mining has occupied public attention\\nfrom time to time, but has not been an important factor\\nin the situation during the last quarter of a century. Some\\nidea of the natural mineral wealth of the republic may be\\nformed from the values of the precious metals obtained dur-\\ning the 300 years of Spanish occupation, which were alleged\\nto be worth a sum exceeding $300,000,000. From the\\ndepartment of Antioquia gold to the value of $200,000 is\\nexported annually at the present time, and the total annua*\\noutput of all minerals has during the last few years averaged\\nabout $4,000,000.\\nThe copper industry is capable of great development if\\nonce the difficulty of transportation can be overcome. In\\nJuly, 1899, an outburst of speculation occurred in the\\nemerald market, and in the course of a few weeks gems", "height": "3292", "width": "2400", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "32 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nto the value of 4,000,000 pesos changed hands, often at\\nprices greater than the quotations given in foreign markets\\nfor similar stones.\\nThe emerald, which is green, is really a form of silicon\\nin combination with aluminium and another very rare\\nmetal. The Hebrews believed that a serpent on fixing\\nits eyes on an emerald became blind.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI\\nBoeas d ?l 5oro, republic, of Colombia, 5. f\\\\.\\nEGROES from the West Indies squatted on the\\nplace now occupied by the town of Bocas del\\nToro about 1824. The Mosquito Indians then\\nmade trips on foot all the way from the Mosquito coast\\nto points about midway from Bocas del Toro to Colon.\\nNo one seems to know just what the object of these trips\\nwere, but the negroes who settled here understood from\\nthe Indians that this was the territory of the Mosquito\\nIndians. They therefore asked of the chief permission to\\nform a colony or settlement here, which the chief gave\\nthem, and charged a canoe tax which they paid, and con-\\nsidered themselves under his protection. A man named\\nNathaniel Humphries was recognized by the Mosquito\\nking and by the settlers as the head of the colony. On\\nAugust 6, 1836, a man named Galindo came from Costa\\nRica and made a stay of some little time; he was expect-\\ning soldiers from Costa Rica, who would take possession of\\nthe place in the name of the Republic of Costa Rica. To\\nthis idea the people seemed to have no objection, but Ga-\\n33", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "34 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nlindo, on hearing that an armed insurrection had broken\\nout in Costa Rica, hurried back there. In December, 1836,\\na man named Paredes came to Bocas from somewhere in\\nColombia (the people thought from Bogota), with two small\\nschooners, the Calamar and the Tolima. He saw each one of\\nthe inhabitants and told them that he had come with instruc-\\ntions from the Colombian government to take possession\\nof this place as Colombian territory, not by force, but with\\nthe consent of the people living here. He urged the peo-\\nple to plant fruit trees and make plantations, and promised\\nthem titles to their lands from the Colombian government.\\nThe people were peaceable and simple and agreed with\\nall he said, and on December 8, 1836, the Colombian flag\\nwas raised at this place, and has been in full peaceable\\npossession of Colombia ever since.\\nBocas del Toro holds and exercises jurisdiction, and has\\ndone so for many years, over the territory as far as the\\nSixaula River on the Atlantic coast and to the Gulf of\\nDulce on the Pacific. All American maps show the Costa\\nRica limit far to the eastward of this line, but every man\\non the right bank of the Sixaula River considers himself\\nand is considered by Colombia a Colombian, and is un-\\nquestionably within the jurisdiction of Colombian laws,\\nofficials, and courts. Colombia has for many years main-\\ntained a Commissary of Police on the right bank of the", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "4t\\nn\\nHibiscus Grandiflora.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "BOCAS DEL TORO\\n35\\nSixaula, and Costa Rica has done the same thing on the\\nleft bank. Smugglers and fugitives from justice have con-\\nsidered the river the dividing line between the two repub-\\nlics, and the officials of both governments have done and\\ndo the same.\\nIn the year 1824, a few Jamaicans drifted down to this\\ncoast, and gradually a settlement of five or six families\\nwas made where Bocas del Toro now stands. The Repub-\\nlic of Colombia annexed it in 1836, the central authority\\nbeing in Panama. Bocas del Toro now (1900) numbers\\n3000 inhabitants, mostly negroes from Jamaica there are\\nalso about 50 Chinamen, small shop-keepers for the most\\npart. In the district there are about 13,000 people\\nscattered about the islands, who purchase their supplies\\nin Bocas del Toro.\\nIn Almirante Bay, opposite Bocas del Toro (where the\\nsteamers of the United Fruit Company anchor), there is\\n30 feet of water. On Columbus Island (Bocas) there\\nare many white-faced baboons which inhabit the jungle\\nback of the town.\\nThe town of Bocas depends for its water supply upon\\nrain-water, which is stored in large tanks, each house\\nhaving its own reservoir. The money in Bocas del Toro\\nconsists of 50, 25, and 10 cent silver pieces there is no\\npaper money, exchange being $2.50 for $1.00 gold.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "36\\nTHE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nThe American Consular Agent is Mr. Hand British\\nVice-Consul Mr. F. Jackson. Captain Barnet, of the Eng-\\nlish Navy, first explored the Chiriqui lagoon in 1839, and\\nreported very favorably to the Admiralty. The plantations\\nof the United Fruit Company (at the foot of the moun-\\ntains bordering on the Chiriqui lagoon, and 25 miles\\nfrom Bocas) number some 2000 manzanas (a manzana is\\n1.73 acres). A railroad eight miles in length passes\\nBOCAS DEL TURO\\nthrough the plantations, serving to carry the bananas to\\nthe shore, where they are loaded on scows and towed by\\nnaphtha launches (of which the United Fruit Company own\\na dozen) to Bocas del Toro.\\nChiriqui Plantation\\nChiriqui Plantation consists of 650 manzanas, all planted\\nwith bananas, the cutting of the bananas being done", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "BOCAS DEL TORO 37\\ntwice a week. A short railroad with one engine here\\nassists the laborers.\\nChiriquicito Plantations\\n(Eureka and Guarumo)\\nTHE UNITED FRUIT COMPANY\\nChiriquicito Plantations cut some 30,000 bunches of\\nbananas a month. Each subdivision of this plantation\\nemploys 300 laborers. There are two engines on this\\n11-mile railroad of Chiriquicito. A few rubber trees are\\ngrowing here. There is no cultivation between the rows\\nof banana plants this is found unnecessary, the land at\\nthe present time being so very rich. Mr. Victor Georget,\\nmanager.\\nEUREKA\\nA new plantation, lately laid out, has not yet (January,\\n1900) begun to bear. It consists of 1300 manzanas.\\nOne hundred laborers are told off for work at this spot.\\nA short railroad with one engine assists the workmen\\nhere. Mr. Widgren, manager.\\nGUARUMO\\nThis plantation has 500 manzanas of bananas and\\n30 laborers. It is under the efficient management of\\nMr. Westmoreland. No railroad has been finished as yet.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "38 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nROBALO\\nRobalo Plantation, of 550 manzanas of bananas, is about\\n20 miles from Bocas. Mr. Wyman has charge here.\\nMonkey Key\\nMonkey Key Plantation, lately started, supplies ground\\nprovisions to the other plantations of the United Fruit\\nCompany. This thriving plantation has some young cacao\\ntrees (chocolate) now started. Mr. Harland has control of\\nthe management.\\nRio Caucho\\nRio Caucho Plantation, near Monkey Key, about 16\\nmiles from Bocas, has a railroad of three and a half\\nmiles in length, and employs 40 laborers, who keep in\\ncondition and cut the fruit from 250 manzanas of\\nbananas, under the management of Mr. Brown. There\\nare also about five other plantations scattered through\\nthe lagoons about Bocas, all the property of the United\\nFruit Company. The United Fruit Company own 12\\nnaphtha launches and 75 lighters in Bocas del\\nToro, which serve to load the steamers which run to\\nNew Orleans and Mobile twice or three times a week.\\nTwo million bunches of bananas are exported from Bocas\\ndel Toro each year to New Orleans and Mobile by this-\\ncompany.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "BOCAS DEL TORO\\n39\\nThe plantation of Mr. Theo. Gambee (late of Norwalk,\\nOhio) is situated on the mainland nine miles from Bocas\\ndel Toro. The house faces the east about 300 feet above\\nthe sea. The plantation is near to the locality called\\nShark s Hole there are about 80 manzanas of bananas\\nunder cultivation, and the writer remarked some 5000\\nBOCAS DEL TORO\\npineapples growing luxuriantly. Mr. Gambee is a noted\\nnaturalist and collector of orchids and plants. Poco\\nMonte, on an island 10 miles from Bocas, is a new plan-\\ntation started in 1889 by the firm of Messrs. Byrd and\\nWithroe. They have under cultivation 250 manzanas of\\nbananas, also a number of rubber and cacao trees. A", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "4 o THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nwell-stocked general store is open, and the firm are in\\nclose touch with the town of Bocas by means of their\\nlaunches and lighters.\\nThe situation of Poco Monte is ideal, and in a few\\nyears this valuable property will be an earthly paradise.\\nBocas del Toro offers especial inducements to planters\\nwith moderate capital. There are no large tracts of land\\nleft, but there are a few choice locations of about ioo\\nto 200 acres still unclaimed.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "o\\nOS\\nO\\nE-\\n8\\n2", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VII\\nFolklore of Colombia\\nN indication of early visits of white men to Central\\nand South America is found in a legend told\\namong the Indians of Colombia, to the effect that\\nBohica, a bearded white man, appeared to the Moscas on the\\nBogota plains, and taught them farming, building, draining,\\nand civil government before he retired to a hermitage for\\ntwo thousand years. When the Spaniards invested Bogota,\\nthey guarded the roads, so as to cut off the chance of\\nescape and intercept any approach of reinforcements.\\nThe Spanish men-at-arms soon had the city in their\\npower, the natives having been awed by the thunder and\\nslaughter caused by their guns into the belief that the\\nSpaniards were invincible. The invaders, as they entered,\\nfound the people either attempting flight or extended along\\nthe streets in supplication but, paying little attention to\\nthem, save when it was necessary to beat back a threat-\\nening band, they pressed on toward the centre of the town,\\nfrom which a great smoke was rising, for here, they knew,\\nwas the Temple, and here they hoped to find treasure.\\n41", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "42 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nThe sound of a solemn chant arose within, and, as they\\nGame clattering and shouting to the door, the people, in a\\nfrenzy at their intended sacrilege, made one last and vain\\nattempt to stay them.\\nBenalcazas and his men rushed in. Before the statue\\nof a grim god a funeral pyre had been reared, and the\\nflames were snapping over it. Gums and spices had\\nbeen thrown upon the logs, and the smoke was choking in\\nits fragrance. Vessels of gold had been heaped in a corner,\\nready to carry away and hide, and the eyes of the Spaniards\\nfastened on them greedily but as the smoke blew aside the\\nleader saw what made him pause. Three white men, not\\nSpaniards, nor like them, stepped upon the fire, still chant-\\ning, their look turned skyward, their hands, raised high.\\nLong beards flowed upon their breasts, and their rich\\ngowns were heavy with gems and gold. Without look or\\nword for the intruders, these men of a race unknown went\\ncalmly to their death.\\nThe Legend of El Dorado\\nThis legend relates to a Chibcha chief, who anointed his\\nbody with gum, and over which his priests twice a day blew\\ngold-dust. In 1536 a. d., three expeditions of Spaniards,\\nhearing of this fable, set out to conquer Colombia. El", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "FOLK-LORE OF COLOMBIA 43\\nDorado ruled in Manoa, which may have been the prede-\\ncessor of Bogota.\\nThe Foundation of a Fortune\\nThe old city of Medellin lay steeped in mist and wet, the\\ntropical rains lashed and splashed and tinkled over the\\ntiled roofs, and seemed to especially vent their fury on a worn\\nold house, called in mild sarcasm by his neighbors The\\nCastle in Spain, of Ramon Julia y Vega B. Senorita Con-\\ncepcion Vega, only daughter of Ramon Julia y Vega B,\\nsought to while away the long afternoons of the rainy season.\\nIt was not a success so she declared, as she pulled out the\\nlong tail of Pietro El Rosa, the old macaw, which had\\nhung and circled on his perch for as many years as she\\nherself possessed. It was well known that Senor Vega\\nboasted of a clear, unmixed descent from one of Pizarro s\\nlieutenants, with no addition of Indian blood, and that it\\nwas his dearest wish to have his daughter well and happily\\nand richly married, and his old age provided for. All this,\\nas you may say, was reasonable and just but the extreme\\npoverty which had afflicted this fine old stock had con-\\ntinued for generations, and Fortune, turning her rapid\\nwheel, had only passed in the night, and left no message\\nof hope. This good year of 18\u00e2\u0080\u0094 had nearly come to\\na close the feast of La Asuncion was about to open", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "44 i THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nthe country groaned under the tax and extortionate demands\\nof the Spanish governor-general, and finally, unable to with-\\nstand the crushing cruelties of the mother country, the\\npatriotic army of Bolivar rushed to arms, and, as this story\\nopens, had all but wrenched the sceptre of power from\\nunwilling, but nerveless, hands.\\nThe rare old senor, rich indeed in warm and generous\\ninstincts, irascible at times under the rubs that wayward\\nFortune gave him, mighty in his majesty and strength, was\\nroaring out his orders in the patio of the house which was\\nbordered by the stables, where were cared for the twelve\\nmules which constituted the only source of income of Senor\\nVega. Hombre, hombre, how often, O Manuelo, thou\\nlazy peon, pursued Senor Vega, have I .cautioned thee\\nthat also La Chiquita must be looked to already have we\\nlost one ear from the Wise One by the unmitigated false\\nand hardened wretches that crawl in the grass and imbed\\ntheir claws in my most valuable property a blister has\\nappeared on the near fore hock of this my pearl Bonita,\\nsputtered the careful owner. How, then, can I be prepared\\nto carry on short notice the rice of Senor Domingo Martino,\\nor the firewood for Senora Carmen from the Magdalena,\\nso many miles away from this city of love and order?\\nMerciful saints, hear the senor, audibly grumbled\\nManuelo. Cannot the most illustrious and gentle-blooded", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "Indian Woman of Talamanca Costa Rica,", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "FOLK-LORE OF COLOMBIA 45\\none remember that all care has been taken, have not these\\nuseful hands tenderly cared for those precious lives All\\nconversation was here ended by the illustrious twelve lifting\\nup their voices at one and the same time, inquiring for their\\nsugar-cane and corn. Upon this family signal the senor s\\ndaughter began laying the table for the evening repast,\\nwhile their only servant girl soon brought the soup to\\nthe table.\\nAt this point, according to all rules for the winning\\nof a pretty girl, a young man should now appear who would\\nserenade, make love, and be refused by the obdurate father\\nbut Concepcion found young men scarce on account of the\\nrevolution. Driven to despair by lack of homage, she\\nquarrelled with her father at dinner because he would not\\nallow her to go to the next fiesta. So, upon the retiring\\nto bed of Senor Vega, Concepcion (knowing that the Spanish\\ntroops held the pass in the mountains near by, the entrance\\nto which opened out near the house) stole out late that\\nnight to the stables. She bound to the back of each mule\\nall the broken pots and pans, sticks and stones, that were\\nabout the house, and drove the entire twelve toward the\\nentrance of the pass.\\nConcepcion was an ardent revolutionist, and hoped for\\nthe deliverance of her country from the bonds of Spain.\\nThe Spanish guard of nearly 200 men rolled sleepily", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "46 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nabout before their camp-fires, moodily considering their\\nlack of entertainment for the evening and while they\\nwere trying to while the time away with games of chance\\nand other innocent amusements, the night was slowly\\npassing, the canon above them dark and gloomy and filled\\nwith the smoke of their fires and the mist from the rain-\\nsoaked ground, when suddenly a fearful din arose in the\\npass, the rolling sound of pounding hoofs and rattle of\\niron was borne toward the guard, carried down the rocky\\nway by a fierce wind, ever increasing in a stupendous and\\nominous roar. A panic now seized the guard, and they\\nran toward the main camp, spreading consternation among\\ntheir comrades. Gloriously charged the mule brigade, add-\\ning their brays of irritation and defiance to the clamor, their\\ninterest in the proceedings being enhanced by a piece of\\ncactus placed under the root of each one s tail by the\\nsagacious sefiorita.\\nAfter a while the soldiers recovered from their panic,\\ndiscovered the cause of it, and seized the mutinous twelve;\\nand, as several of their wagons had broken down, utilized\\nthe animals by packing a part of the treasure they were\\nconvoying upon the property of Sefior Vega.\\nThe next night the Spanish convoy was attacked by the\\nrevolutionists and cut to pieces but, as the attack was a\\nconfusing and sudden one, part of the convoy was separated", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "FOLK-LORE OF COLOMBIA 47\\nfrom the main force and abandoned by their guards the\\nmules, still laden with their golden treasure, wandered away\\nand were lost in the defiles of the mountains.\\nSome days after, when all political troubles and disturb-\\nances had drifted away from this district, one quiet night\\nthe sorrowing owner of the immortal twelve heard snuffing\\nand stamping outside his gate, and behold most wonderful\\nthe saints be praised at last the prodigal sons return\\nminus eight of their number, but still heavily loaded with\\nthe rich treasure of the Spaniards, who had fled the country.\\nTo the rare intelligence of the tough and hardy mules,\\nand the love displayed for their former home and owner,\\nis ascribed the successful founding of one of the greatest\\nand wealthiest families of the Colombia of to-day.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VIII\\nQosta I^iea, Q. j\\\\.\\nNOTHER short sea voyage of a day and a half is\\nbefore the traveller before he reaches Port Limon\\nin Costa Rica, the next port of call in the circle\\nof the Golden Caribbean. As the land draws near, the\\nearly morning light reveals an extraordinary tropical appear-\\nance, the outlines of enormous trees draped with straggling\\nvines shoot up above a lesser vegetation still shrouded in\\na blue mist, suggesting powder smoke. Farther back the\\nhills rise ever higher and higher, and distant peaks meet\\nthese lower ranges and collect in long, curving outlines,\\ndisappearing in an undulating chain to the south. The\\nchill of the night is still in the air, and you are surprised\\nto find that Port Limon (though in the same latitude)\\nis much cooler than Cartagena.\\nThen, as the sun rises higher, the outlines of the town\\nbecome sharper, the colors of the background of tropical\\nhills and valleys change to more pronounced hues of\\nbrilliant green, and glisten, like the feathers on the breast\\nof a humming-bird, in the rays of a dazzling sun. A\\n48", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Indian Woman and Children Costa Rica.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 49\\nbeautiful park opposite the bank, decorated with over 40\\nvarieties of crotons and many willow trees, arrests the eye\\nas we land and proceed to the hotel.\\nThe members of the Limon Improvement Committee\\nare to be congratulated upon the taste displayed in the\\narrangement and massing of these multi-colored trees. The\\nCentral Hotel, on the main street of Port Limon, is large\\nand clean, and the table d hote is excellent. After a rest\\nof a day or two at the hotel, with new anticipations of\\nother sensations of tropical novelties, we walk leisurely to\\nthe railway station and engage our passage to San Jose,\\nthe capital of Costa Rica. We draw out of the station,\\namid the farewells of hosts of Jamaicans, who chatter and\\ngrin and husk their ivories with delight at the sight of\\nunfamiliar faces, and rattle off through miles of plantations\\nand swamp. Running parallel to the sea beach the railroad\\npasses through little villages of Jamaica negroes placed\\nat intervals along the line, each little house surrounded\\nwith a few well-chosen decorative trees and shrubs. Every\\nowner has his own vine and fig tree and the family rocking-\\nchair on each veranda is usually occupied by some girl or\\nold woman, her head bound around with a scarlet turban.\\nToward noon the train pulls up at Siquirries for breakfast.\\nA little primitive lunch room, providing a rather limited\\nSpanish breakfast, is met with at this station. The food is", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "5\u00c2\u00b0\\nTHE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\ndistinctly not so good as the breakfast one gets on the\\ndown trip from San Jose but it is hoped that there will\\nbe an improvement as soon as the estimable proprietress\\nrecovers from her unfortunate accident of last winter.\\nThe train proceeds through the dense tropical forest\\nbordering on the Reventazon River, the air heavy with\\nunfamiliar odors, the moist humid atmosphere redolent\\nI\\nREVENTAZON RIVER\\nwith the aromatic scent of trees and shrubs. Tremendous\\nguava trees rear their heads high above the denser foliage,\\nand spread out their immense crests, from which long,\\ncreeping vines hang down like cordage on a ship.\\nThe Reventazon River roars and plunges through a\\nnarrow canon, along the border of which the train creeps\\nslowly, mounting, ever mounting, toward cooler valleys and\\na climate of perpetual June. As we approach Turialba the", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 51\\ntemperature gradually falls, and soon all is changed\\nthe tropical foliage of papavv and banana gives place to\\nthe plantain and coffee plant, and a delicious breeze flows\\nthrough the car fresh off the mountain sides. The hot belt\\nis left behind, the air is crisp and free from malarial influ-\\nences and though it is in the month of December or\\nJanuary, and we are at the elevation of 3000 feet above\\nthe sea, the effect is that of June in Virginia. Here and\\nthere on the mountain side the hacienda of some coffee\\nestate peeps out with its red-tiled roof, marking the site\\nof a happy home.\\nTo some, the crossing of the great bridge high above\\nthe valley of the Reventazon is the greatest novelty on the\\nrailroad journey to San Jose to others the gradual change\\nof the temperature then again a study of the changes\\nof race from black to brown to white, marking the different\\npoints where the negro falls back before the increased\\nenergy of the dominant race, give to many people subjects\\nfor interesting comparisons and speculation.\\nCosta Rica, the southernmost republic of Central Amer-\\nica, lies between 8\u00c2\u00b0 and n\u00c2\u00b0 16 N. latitude, and 8i\u00c2\u00b0 35\\nand 85 40 W. longitude from Greenwich. Its area is\\nabout 23,000 square miles. Until 1540, Spain reserved for\\nthe Crown that part of the territory of Veragua lying west\\nof the portion which had been granted to the heirs of", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "52 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nColumbus, but in that year it was erected into a province\\ncalled Costa Rica. Up to 1622, 15 governors succeeded\\nDon Juan Vasquez de Coronado.\\nIn 1622, Costa Rica had but 50 Spanish families. Fifty-\\neight governors followed from 1563 to 1797. On Septem-\\nber 15, 1 82 1, Costa Rica proclaimed independence from\\nSpain; in 1824, Costa Rica declared herself a republic,,\\nand elected Juan Mora as president.\\nSenor Don Rafael Iglesias (1894) is the present (1900).\\npresident of the republic.\\nPort Limon\\nPort Limon is the only port of entry of Costa Rica on\\nthe Caribbean Sea. The first house was built there in 1871.\\nThe harbor faces the south, and is formed by a little\\npeninsula on which Limon is situated Limon has 4000-\\npopulation. A small island, called Uvita, lies east at a\\ndistance of three-quarters of a mile from the town. Port\\nLimon has a wooden pier, 930 feet long, but a fine iron\\npier is now ready to replace it.\\nThe Atlantic Railroad goes from Port Limon west to\\nAlajuela, a distance of 117 miles from Limon. The train\\nleaves for San Jose, from the bank in Limon, at 8.30 a.m.,\\narriving at San Jose (103 miles) about 5 p.m. English", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 53\\nis spoken on all the trains breakfast may be taken at\\nSiquirries at 10.30 a.m.\\nAt Peralta (1400 feet) the traveller first notices the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2change to a cooler temperature, and at the station of\\nTurialba it is decidedly marked.\\nA branch of this road runs from La Junta to Guapiles,\\non the plains of Santa Clara. Another branch goes from\\nLimon to the Banana River.\\nAbout 2.30 p.m. the train passes over the Pirriz bridge,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0on the way to San Jose. This magnificent engineering work\\nis 620 feet long and 220 feet above the bed of the river.\\nThe traveller should seek the left-hand windows. The\\neye plunges into the gorge of the Reventazon River as it\\nwinds to the sea, coffee plantations start into view across\\nthe gorge, and the river surges and flashes in the sun far\\nbelow. As the train approaches Paraiso station, the vol-\\ncano of Irazu (11,200 feet above the sea) can be seen on\\nthe right, rising in terraces to the clouds. The volcano\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2can be seen best from the train upon leaving San Jose\\n(as Cartago is reached at 9 a.m.); at that time of the day\\nthe peak is free from clouds. The mountains of Costa\\nRica extend from the frontier of Colombia to within a\\nfew miles of Brito the northern central plateau does not\\nshow the regular conical form which usually characterizes\\na volcano. Thg general line of the southern slopes ascends", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "54 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nin an imperceptible manner toward the summit, in a succes-\\nsion of terraces. On the Irazu volcano eight such ter-\\nraces are observable from Cartago to the summit. The\\nIrazu has various craters, formed successively, each con-\\ntributing to the gradual rising of the mass. The Irazu\\nvolcano, which had eruptions in 1723, 1726, 1821, and\\n1847, has an altitude (according to Niederlein) of 11,200\\nfeet, and from its summit both oceans are visible.\\nThe forests of Costa Rica abound in rich and valuable\\ntrees, among which are mahogany and cedar. Probably no\\nequal area of the New World possesses such a diversity of\\nfloral forms. According to Professor Pittier, the flora of\\nCosta Rica is not similar to Nicaragua. Many varieties of\\nparrots enliven the forests. The jaguar, puma, ocelot, coy-\\note, otter, wild boar, tapir, armadillo, etc., roam through the\\nmountains, also a migratory bat of enormous size. The\\nvampire bat at times invades the southeast coast of Costa\\nRica.\\nSearching for the Art Treasures of Costa Rica\\nUp a mountain trail, on the flanks of the Irazu vol-\\ncano, lie countless Indian graves, arranged (in a hidden\\nvalley) in circles about a central point, marked by low,\\nsquare stones and covered by bushes. The graves are\\nreached by a horseback ride of about seven miles from", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "J\\nt-\\nO\\nu\\nOS\\nc", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 55\\nCartago, rather a rough road and steep. About a two\\nhours ride brings one to a gate on the left, where the\\nhorses are tied a short walk across the field, and the\\nexcavations are reached. Piles of black loam on all sides,\\nbroken pottery, and human bones mark the location of\\none of Costa Rica s most interesting historical sites.\\nMr. R. Le Croix, of Cartago, has the concession from\\nthe government of Costa Rica to excavate here. Mr.\\nLe Croix speaks English and French, and is a noted\\nexpert in this field of operations. His collections of rare\\npottery have been admired by all the Italian minister to\\nCosta Rica, an amateur collector, and the Costa Rica gov-\\nernment and others purchase the largest part of his rarest\\ndiscoveries.\\nCartago\\nCartago (until 1823), the former capital of Costa Rica,\\nwas founded in 1563 by Don Juan Vasquez de Coronado.\\nThe apparition of the Virgin of the Angels occurred\\nAugust 2, 1643. The tradition relates that a little image\\nwas found on a rock from beneath which a spring gushed\\nforth. A native woman found this image, which she took\\nhome with her. Returning next clay to the spring she\\nfound another image, which she took home to compare\\nwith the first. To her surprise the first had vanished\\nthe third day the second image had disappeared mysteri-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "S 6 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nously. A priest was made acquainted with the facts, and\\nhe repaired with various citizens to the fountain where a\\nthird time the image was discovered. It was declared to\\nbe a miraculous manifestation of the Virgin of the Angels,\\nand construed as a sign that a church be erected upon\\nthe spot, which was afterward done.\\nCartago is well worth visiting, especially on a Thursday\\nor Sunday, as at that time the weekly market opens and\\nthere can be seen the country people flocking to the city\\nto display their Sunday finery and to make their weekly\\npurchases. The hotel of Madame Jokes is the best in the\\ncity; German and Spanish cooking. The hotel accom-\\nmodates about ten guests. For those visitors who desire\\nto ascend the volcano of Irazu, it would be well to allow\\ntwo or three days for the trip. Mf. R. Le Croix will act\\nas guide and supply horses for any one wishing to attempt\\nthe ascent.\\nSan Jose, Costa Rica\\nIn the year 1738, a few people came together and\\nformed a settlement under the name of Boca del\\nMonte, or San Jose. There were some few sugar plan-\\ntations here at the time and twenty-one inhabitants. In\\n175 1 there was a population of about 2330 souls. The\\ncivil government was under a lieutenant-governor and\\n157 soldiers and a company of cavalry.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "CQ\\nas\\nm\\no\\nQ\\n5\\nCQ", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 57\\nThese are the earliest data to be had as to the found-\\ning of San Jose. The Court of Spain granted San Jose\\nthe title of City on October 16, 1813.\\nUpon arriving at the railway station at San Jose, the\\ntourist will find the English-speaking manager of the\\nImperial Hotel in waiting he can be found in the crowd\\nby the kind assistance of Mr. Woodruff, the conductor of\\nthe train. The Imperial Hotel and the Hotel de France\\nare both under the experienced management of Senor\\nG. de Benedictis. It is a matter of taste as to which\\nhotel you choose; and everything, from Apollinaris to\\nquail on toast, can be found at the well-served table d hdte.\\nOn December 29 and 30 occur the yearly fiesta. At\\nthis time the Costa Rica peon lets himself loose, confetti\\nis thrown, and carnival reigns supreme all business\\nceases, and the town is wide open, with bull fights, cock\\nfights, merry-go-rounds, foot-ball, etc. At the National\\nTheatre the regular New Year s ball is given, with the\\npresident of the republic in attendance. The weather at\\nthis time is magnificent, the thermometer standing about\\n65\u00c2\u00b0 to 70 F. The nights are cool; in the evening\\none requires a light overcoat. In fact, San Jose has a\\nclimate of perpetual spring.\\nAbout the year 1890 some 30 Talamanca Indians\\nvisited San Jose. They were all (both men and women)", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "58 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nnaked, except a breech-cloth they came through by way\\nof Alajuela. They were entertained by the citizens for a\\nshort time and returned home after being photographed.\\nThe Monkey God\\n(A Legend of Costa Rica)\\nMany years ago the Spanish conquerors, seeking gold\\nin the country now forming Costa Rica, found an Indian\\nchief who worshipped a golden image formed in shape of\\na monkey seated. The Spaniards desired to find where\\nthe gold came from which formed this image. The chief\\nasked the Spaniards to worship the monkey god the\\nexplorers agreed to this, but insisted that they should be\\ninformed where the mine was situated from which this\\nimage was made. To this the chief agreed. While being\\ntaken to the mine by the chief the Spaniards attempted\\nto steal the monkey god, which so enraged the Indian\\nchief that the Spaniards were surrounded and killed.\\nThe Enchanted Lake\\n(A Folk-lore Tale of Costa Rica)\\nIn the south of Costa Rica the native Costa Rican\\nplaces the enchanted lake. Travelling through the moun-\\ntains, the explorer comes toward evening to a defile in\\nthe mountains. Exhausted with fatigue, and seeking a", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "H\\nu\\nCO", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 59\\npleasant camp to rest for the night, he approaches a\\nbeautiful valley. Through the dusk of advancing night he\\ndiscerns a lovely lake surrounded with flowers. Rushing\\nforward, overjoyed at his discovery, suddenly terrific\\ndischarges of thunder occur, and the lake disappears,\\ncompletely ingulfed in the darkness of a raging storm.\\nAt daybreak no lake is to be found, and the superstitious\\ntraveller is again reminded of the agencies at work of\\nthe ancient Aztec gods, who still retain control of the\\nremote parts of Costa Rica.\\nTo thoroughly appreciate San Jose, one should take\\nan electric car, carriage, or horseback ride about the\\nsuburbs of the city the delicious air of these high alti-\\ntudes is invigorating and healthful. During January and\\nFebruary roses bloom in the open air, and in the market\\nfresh strawberries are for sale.\\nThe old market is well worth visiting any day, espe-\\ncially on a Saturday, where every commodity suitable for\\nthe welfare of the Costa Rican peon is on sale. The\\nfine showing of vegetables and dulce sugar is notable, and\\nsome excellent samples of native weaving in silken scarfs\\nfor the peasant women can be seen waving in the wind\\nbefore the booths.\\nThe streets surrounding the market are constantly\\nchoked with the wagons of the farmers from near and", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "60 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\ndistant towns, the patient oxen laboriously dragging about\\nfull-laden carts and wincing under the goad. The peon\\nwalks in front of the oxen (seldom on the side, as is\\ndone in the States), resting his goad on the yoke. Here\\nand there you will observe little horses fastened to rings\\nin the wall, a case hanging from the saddle-bow for an\\numbrella, and bound over the crupper a pair of saddle-\\nbags. Planters from the other provinces about San ]os6\\nride these little ponies into town, purchase their supplies,\\nstuff the packages into the plethoric saddle-bags, and are\\noff at a gallop. In the centre of the market-house are\\nthe stalls of the smaller traders, some selling rope bridles\\nand bags, others red pottery and cheap food cooked over\\na charcoal brazier. These people are under good disci-\\npline there is nothing to keep the most refined person\\nfrom enjoying the amusing sight. The peon women have\\ngowns of muslin or calico, and wear petticoats, rebozos,\\nand very often Panama hats. The men of this class are\\nmostly hard-working farmers, owners of small coffee plan-\\ntations or oxen and ox-carts.\\nAmericans are popular in Costa Rica, and the native\\npeon and city man will always put himself out to make\\nthe visitor have a good time. The salesmen do not\\nimportune you or get in the way, as they do in Tunis\\nor Algiers, but with a certain kind of decent reserve", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 61\\nawait your favorable notice. They are used to the sight\\nof passing strangers, and one is not stared at or made\\nuncomfortable. This is a very noticeable trait in the\\nCosta Rican, and cannot be too highly commended.\\nThe little popular theatre, patronized by the lower\\nand middle class people of San Jose, is an interesting-\\nplace to visit of an evening. Seating about five hundred\\npeople, it assumes to give twice a week a zarzula\\nand comic opera. The actors and actresses (all Span-\\nish) are usually recruited from some travelling company\\nfrom Spain, who regularly visit San Jose on the circuit\\nof the South and Central American republics. They do\\nsome very good work, and the Spanish national dances\\nare given with spirit and truth.\\nOn Sunday, and other days during the week, the regi-\\nmental band of the guard discourses sweet music in the\\nprincipal parks. The citizens of San Jose, with their\\nwives and daughters, usually attend these concerts in large\\nnumbers, walking along the shaded paths in an endless\\nprocession, and greeting their friends and acquaintances,\\nthe ladies wearing white dresses and the popular silk\\nshawls thrown over the head, each shawl of a different\\ncolor scarlet, black, white, yellow, pink, light blue,\\norange, and purple seeming to be the favorite colors.\\nOnce a month, at the principal band stand in the park,", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "62 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nthe state lottery is drawn for the benefit of the local\\nhospital. Often one hears of a morning the band crash\\nout the beautiful national air, and on hunting up the\\nsound you find the city guard of regular troops parading\\nat guard mount in the central park. Sunday morning we\\nvisited the Cathedral, and heard the solemn and high mass\\nof the Roman Catholic Church in the evening (when\\nthere is given a processional, which escorts the Host\\nthrough the aisles of the Cathedral), the lighted candles\\ncarried by the devotees, the clouds of rising incense,\\nblurring and joining in a mass of brilliant color the\\ndresses of the kneeling women, recalled, in a measure,\\nthe majestic ceremonials seen some thirty years ago by\\nthe author at St. Peter s in Rome.\\nThe National Theatre, San Jose, Costa\\nRica, C. A.\\nThis noble building, erected in 1890- 1897, at the cost\\nof $1,200,000 gold, outshines any other theatre in the\\nWestern hemisphere. For perfection of detail and wealth\\nof decorations, there is not a building of any description\\nexcept, possibly, the Boston Public Library and the Con-\\ngressional Library in Washington, D. C, that can even\\napproach it. This is claiming a great deal, but the\\nunassailable preeminence of this building is admitted with-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "CO\\no\\na.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 63\\nout question as one ascends to the majestic foyer. Very\\nfew palaces in France or Italy can vie with the beautiful\\nharmony and delicate gray, gold, and white marble effect\\ndisplayed in the foyer of the theatre. The ceiling of the\\nfoyer is decorated by Signor Professor V. Bignami of\\nMilan, Italy, with three designs, \u00e2\u0080\u0094the centre, Music; on\\neach side, the Dance and Poetry. This room is lighted\\nby 15 windows.; the length of the foyer is 22 metres\\nlong, 12 metres wide, and 9 metres high.\\nOpening from the foyer is the private reception room\\nof the president of the republic of Costa Rica, magnifi-\\ncently decorated and kept in most perfect condition, with\\ncovers over the gold and velvet brocaded chairs. The\\nceiling of the president s room is decorated by Signor\\nFerrareo of Milan, Italy, the subject being Comedy.\\nIt is hardly necessary to state that the building is\\nlighted throughout by electricity, two dynamos being held\\nin readiness in an adjoining building. The stage is a\\nmarvel of perfection, the massive walls and iron girders\\nare a surprise to the Northern eye. A large pipe organ,\\ntwo small organs, and a piano are for use behind the cur-\\ntain. Leaving the foyer reluctantly, one passes on to\\nthe boxes, and the president s box is in the centre, deco-\\nrated and furnished in red brocaded silk velvet; over the\\nseat of the president, upon the ceiling of the box, there", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "64 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nis a fine fresco of Justice. On the ground floor the vesti-\\nbule opens out on both sides from the entrance doors\\nthere are placed here the ladies and gentlemen s res-\\ntaurants, one on the left, the other on the right, each\\ndecorated and gilded in a most fascinating manner, solid\\nmahogany carving being in evidence on all sides. The\\nmarble statues of Comedy and Tragedy are placed on\\neach side of the entrance to the stairs leading to the\\nfoyer. In the gentlemen s restaurant the ceiling is deco-\\nrated by a fresco of Apollo and the Muses. The theatre\\nseats iooo persons with 250 orchestra seats. Though\\nthe officials of the theatre report a seating capacity of\\n1000, still there is much space that could be utilized to\\nswell the audience to fully 2000 but good taste prevails\\nhere, as in all things, and the seats are well arranged\\nwith plenty of space for comfort. There are three\\ngalleries, each tier with a different set of decorations\\nin white and gold. The general effect of the whole\\nbuilding is white and gold Italian marble is used in\\nevery case. The floor of the auditorium can be lifted\\nto the level of the stage by hydraulic pressure\\nthis is often done, notably at the grand ball celebrating\\nthe anniversary of the independence of Costa Rica, which\\nwas held the 15th day of September some years ago.\\nThe ceiling of the auditorium, surrounding a central crys-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 65\\ntal cluster of electric lights, is decorated in fresco by\\nSignor Fontana, an Italian artist. It was painted in 1897,\\nand represents an allegory of Comedy, Tragedy, and\\nMusic. The subtile taste displayed in restraining from\\nany too elaborate decoration of the auditorium is the key-\\nnote of the building, and cannot be too highly praised.\\nThe National Theatre is under the distinguished man-\\nagement and expert direction of Signor Christoforo Moli-\\nnari, to whose taste was referred much of the decision\\nas to the final decoration of the building\\nThe National Museum\\nThe National Museum of San Jose has a magnificent\\ncollection of antiquities and examples of the fauna, flora,\\ninsects, molluscs, etc., of Costa Rica displayed in a build-\\ny\\ning hardly suitable to the collection or creditable to the\\nstate.\\nUnder the distinguished direction and management of\\nSenor Don Juan F. Ferraz, the National Museum has\\ntaken on a new life, and the publications of the museum\\nhave been received and noted by all the national museums\\nand societies the world over. The University of Penn-\\nsylvania, U. S. A., has lately received from the National\\nMuseum of Costa Rica 93 pieces of pottery, stone idols,\\nbows, spears, etc.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "66 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nThe National Museum publishes (in Spanish) annually-\\nmany pamphlets and books upon the antiquities and fauna\\nof Costa Rica, notably: The Molluscs of Costa Rica,\\nby Senor Don P. Biolley The Flora of Costa Rica,\\nby Senor Don Adolfe Tenduz, 1897; The Fauna of\\nCosta Rica, by C. F. Underwood, Esq., 1897; The Antiq-\\nuities of Costa Rica, by Senor Don Anastasio Alfaro,\\n1896; and The Insects of Costa Rica, by Senor Don\\nJ. Fid. Tristan, 1897. The reports of the director of the\\nmuseum are published annually.\\nOn the ground floor of the National Museum will be\\nfound rare examples of the pottery of Costa Rica in splen-\\ndid preservation, largely excavated about the Irazu volcano,\\nprovince of Cartago. In the corridor at the southern end\\nof the building a full collection of sections of the valuable\\nwoods of Costa Rica is arranged with taste. On the walls\\nof these rooms hang some well-executed portraits of the\\nnatives of Costa Rica. Continuing on to the end of the\\ngarden, in the rear of the museum, we come to a collection\\nof wild animals and birds of Costa Rica, alive in their\\ncaces. Ascending a staircase on the right of the main\\nentrance door, we find grouped on the upper floor all the\\nbeautiful specimens of the fauna of the country encased\\nand mounted by the taxidermist of the museum, Mr. C. F.\\nUnderwood. The jaguar, coyote, iguana, etc., were originally", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "as\\nUJ\\nH\\nH\\no\\nZ\\nu\\nE-\\noo\\nO\\nU\\nz\\nQ\\nZ\\n3\\nc\\nz", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "COSTA RICA, C. A. 67\\narranged by Mr. Underwood for the Guatemalan Exposi-\\ntion in 1897. In the other rooms, on the ground floor,\\nare placed huge monoliths and tables of stone found at\\nEl Guayabo, Turialba.\\nThe stone table is a fine specimen of the carving of the\\nancient inhabitants of Costa Rica; the edges are orna-\\nmented by carved tiger heads arranged in groups of three,\\nand it is 75 centimetres in diameter and 40 centimetres\\nhigh. In cases under glass may be studied knives of\\nstone, found in Santa Cruz in the province of Guanacaste.\\nSome of these stone knives are made of jade, others\\nof greenstone. There are some delicate-pointed stones,\\nwhich look like obsidian and were probably used for\\nengraving purposes.\\nThe director, Sefior Ferraz, will be glad to show to\\nvisitors the valuable and artistic collection of gold orna-\\nments discovered in the province of Cartago and elsewhere.\\nThe writer noted an ornament of gold representing an\\neagle with outstretched wings, the neck articulated this\\npiece is by far the finest example of prehistoric Indian\\njewellery in the world. The collection is very large and\\ncomplete.\\nAdios, San Jose, hermosa ciudad,\\nsimpatica y bella Que Dios\\nbendiga tu suerte y haga tu felicidad", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX\\nBatya^a Qultun? ir? Co$ta I^ica\\nCCORDING to the report (1895) upon banana cul-\\nture in Costa Rica by the statistical department\\nof Costa Rica, the exportation to the United States,\\nthrough Port Limon, of green bananas (between the\\nyears 1886 and 1895) amounted to nearly 10,000,000\\nbunches. In the year 1896, 1,692,102 bunches were ex-\\nported, or 56,000 tons. At the present time (1900), over\\n3,000,000 bunches of bananas are exported each year\\nfrom Port Limon alone to New Orleans and New York\\nby the United Fruit Company. From Jamaica, in 1893-\\n1894, there were exported 5,162,000 bunches of bananas\\nby the predecessors of the United Fruit Company (now\\nconsolidated with them). The whole export trade in\\nbananas from the coasts of Central and South America,\\nCuba, San Domingo, Hayti, and Jamaica is controlled by\\nthe United Fruit Company, with the company owning\\nthe majority of the banana plantations in these countries.\\nThe 36 steamers of the New Orleans division, and the\\n68", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "BANANA CULTURE IN COSTA RICA 69\\n29 steamers of the northern division of this company,\\nconvey the fruit to the United States.\\nThe cultivation of bananas in Costa Rica was begun\\non the Atlantic coast in 1879. The first 360 bunches\\nof bananas which were exported to the United States\\non February 7, 1880, by the steamer Earnholm from Port\\nLimon to New York, proved that bananas would become\\na new source of wealth to the country, and the govern-\\nment promptly ceded liberal grants of land to those who\\nwere willing to develop the industry.\\nIn 1888 there were 61 banana plantations and a large\\nnumber of smaller ones.\\nThere are 30 or more varieties of the banana, and being\\nof the lily family there are many other plants resem-\\nbling it. The plantain, or platano, should not be con-\\nfounded with the banana although of more value than\\nthe banana, it has never been exported. Plantains\\nserve as national bread, even where flour and tortillas\\nare in use. This fruit will fatten hogs and make hens\\nproduce eggs, while the banana would only keep pigs\\nand poultry from starving. The plantain resembles the\\nbanana somewhat in color and shape, but is much larger\\nthe plant also is very similar. The plantain is not eaten\\nraw like the banana, but is always cooked.\\nA regular banana steamer, of 1000 tons dead weight", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "70 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\ncapacity, will carry anywhere from 13,000 to 19,000 bunches\\nof bananas. The bananas are assorted into three classes.\\nThe No. 1 bunch counts from 9 hands upward, each hand\\ncounts from 15 to 20 fingers, or separate fruits, making\\na No. 1 bunch count about 175 to 300 bananas. The\\nbananas are loaded on the steamers, usually at night,\\nthough the hour of arrival of the steamer usually settles\\nthe matter, the bunches being taken from the cars on\\nthe wharf and placed on a steam loader, which has an\\nendless chain covered with canvas. The loading is done\\nvery quickly, a checker and assistant on the wharf noting\\nthe passing bunches in groups of ten. The steam neces-\\nsary for running the steam loaders (of which there are two)\\nis supplied by each steamer from its own boiler.\\nThe plantations of the United Fruit Company are\\nlocated near the railroad lines running to Guapiles, Banana\\nRiver, and Zent River, thus saving labor and expense\\nfor transportation and too much handling of the fruit.\\nThe lands chosen for the production of the banana are\\nthose that contain extensive alluvial deposits, and rich\\nin decomposed vegetable matter; but the best lands are\\nthose on the margins of the rivers, or river bottom\\nlands which have been formed from the rich silt brought\\ndown by the floods. The plantations are inundated two\\nor three times a year from the overflow of the rivers,.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "BANANA CULTURE IN COSTA RICA\\n7i\\nwhich deposit five or six inches of new silt, and the earth\\nis therefore continually fertilized. These lands have a\\ngravel foundation, and are thus well drained and acceptable\\nfor the cultivation of the banana.\\nA BANANA PLANTATION\\nThe trees, or, strictly speaking, plants, are planted from\\n20 to 30 feet apart, in the form of squares when 20 feet,\\nand when 30 feet the rows are 15 feet apart.\\nIt is generally at the end of nine months that the\\nplants mature, and after that time the fruit can be gath-\\nered every week in the year but a new proportion of\\nvirgin land must be brought under cultivation to keep\\nup to the average the regular production of fruit. The", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "72 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nweight of a No. i bunch of bananas from Banana River\\nor Bocas del Toro is sometimes over ioo pounds. The\\naverage weight is about 55 pounds. A horse will (ac-\\ncording to weight) carry on each trip from four to six\\nbunches.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X\\nEl Salvador\\nT the head of the Old Line of the Costa Rica rail-\\nroad, which has been built for 20 years, one leaves\\nthe railroad station at Guapiles and approaches the\\nhacienda of El Salvador (property of the United Fruit\\nCompany), through a beautiful avenue of royal palms and\\ncocoanut trees, enriched with the scarlet leaves of\\ncrotons, and shaded by orange and lemon trees. From\\nthe piazza of the house an uninterrupted view of broad\\npastures opens out toward the north, the distant hills\\nlost in purple mist. The United Fruit Company employ a\\nfirst-class butter-maker at this pen, as it would be called\\nin Jamaica. The writer noticed the enormous quantity of\\nmanure going to waste. Of course the land is exceed-\\ningly rich, needing no manure to give good results but\\nthere are many uses that this rich fertilizer can be put\\nto. A practical market gardener would see unlimited\\nprofit and opportunity in Costa Rican markets for high-\\nclass vegetables, the gardens being enriched with refuse\\nbananas rejected at the track benches and added to by\\n73", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "74 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nthe manure of the stables. Lettuce, beets, melons, rad-\\nishes, cucumbers, etc., would grow luxuriantly here. The\\nmost of these vegetables, with few exceptions, at present\\nare of an inferior quality in local markets.\\nEl Salvador is a plantation of 3000 acres (1800 man-\\nzanas), with 100 manzanas given over to the cultivation\\nGRAZING IN THE TROPICS\\nof bananas by 26 laborers and ploughmen. The planta-\\ntion holds 3000 head of cattle, in three divisions.\\nThe semi-annual stock taking, or rather the counting,\\nsorting, and inspection of the bulls, cows, steers, calves,\\nand horse kind of the farm, had just commenced at El\\nSalvador upon the arrival of the writer. Under the\\nsuperintendence of Mr. Thomas Kissock, the manager,\\nthe three different herds, each in turn, were driven\\nthrough various gates, by three expert Costa Rican cow-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "EL SALVADOR 75\\nboys toward the principal pen, the bulls bellowing and\\nthe cows lowing in defence of their young sucking calves.\\nThe cowboys dashed recklessly, but with fine precision,\\nabout the broad fields, calling, cursing, and expostulating\\nwith backward cow or stubborn heifer. The horses the\\ncowboys rode were under splendid training and discipline,\\ninclining here and there with marvellous swiftness and\\nsure-footedness over the broken ground, fording brooks\\nin a burst of spray, and spattering the mud in every\\ndirection, the cowboys giving their peculiar cry of Vaca,\\nvaca and with much waving of hats, hot expostula-\\ntions, and deep guttural exclamations the bewildered herds\\nwere soon driven on, one by one, past the vigilant eye of\\nthe manager; sick or diseased animals few in number,\\nby the bye were cut out from the crowd, thrown by a\\ntwist of the neck to the ground, and an examination of\\nthe ills that cow flesh is heir to occupying but a few\\nmoments in each case. About six fine saddle-horses are\\nin constant use, and, as is usual with all Costa Rican\\nhorses, are guided by the reins pressed against the neck\\nthey change their easy running gait to the gallop, the trot,\\nand the lope as required. A commissary house near the\\nrailroad station, well stocked and ably managed, forms one\\nof the many sources of revenue of the plantation. Here\\nthe Jamaican laborer buys his machete, boots, lanterns,", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "76 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nsaddles, cotton goods, groceries, liquid goods, etc., at rea-\\nsonable prices, principally paid for by the men in checks\\non their monthly account.\\nA large bath-house, through which dashes a cool and\\nagreeable stream of water, is one of the many comforts of\\nthe hacienda El Salvador.\\nLa Emilia\\nThe plantation of La Emilia, now the property of the\\nUnited Fruit Company, was formerly owned by Mr. Minor\\nC. Keith for 14 years it is within one and a half\\nmiles from El Salvador, and has about the same number\\nof acres. Manager Kissock finishes most of his fat cattle\\nand breeding stock here. Over these broad acres, with\\ngood horses, we went, fording two streams flocks of\\nscreaming green parrots cross our path, huge guava\\ntrees draped with Spanish moss and hanging vines grace\\nthe landscape. We find a pleasant situation for the\\nhouse of the manager, who sometimes resides here, and\\nhas a liking for rare orchids, which flower on the veranda.\\nThe Turialba volcano is in sight from the house, and\\nthe prevailing winds are mostly from the southeast the\\nrain in the afternoon comes from the mountains, in\\nthe morning: from the eastward.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "Ruins of Church at Orosi Costa Rica.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "EL SALVADOR 77\\nThe Banana River Plantation\\nthe united fruit company\\nA branch railroad runs about 14 miles through the cocoa-\\nnut trees and banana plants, and as the train skirts the beach\\nthe roar of the breakers pounding on the yellow sand fills\\none s ears. There are about 50,000 cocoanut trees along this\\nshore. Just beyond Westfalia station commences the Banana\\nRiver Plantation there are at least 1200 acres of bananas,\\nand between the rows there are many cacao trees (chocolate),\\nthe land being peculiarly suitable for cacao. The railroad is\\nshortly to be extended through the property at present\\nthere is about 12 miles of a 3 ft. 6 in. gauge track running\\nclose to the sea, about halfway it branches inland and\\nextends toward the distant range of Talamanca, which rises\\nto the south. There is good hunting in the season deer,\\nalligators, monkeys, and ducks, and farther back, near the\\nmountains, jaguars or spotted tigers, also the puma (Ameri-\\ncan lion) and panthers can be shot there is occasionally a\\nfine skin that can be purchased at some of the stores on\\nthe line. The tigers are shot by the Indians on the Banana\\nRiver about 15 miles from the terminal of the railroad, and\\nthey bring the skins to the shopkeepers who sell supplies.\\nThe Costa Rica government allows one shot-gun or rifle to\\neach traveller entering Costa Rica, but the rifle must be", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "78\\nTHE-GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\na sporting rifle, and not a Mauser. The ride on the railroad\\nis a very interesting one from the car platform as the train\\nproceeds numerous chances can be had to practise with\\nrevolvers on hawks, alligators, and monkeys. The country\\nthat the railroad passes through is about the wildest on the\\ncoast and gives the traveller the best idea of tropical nature\\nin its most retiring- moods.\\nBANANA TRAIN\\nZent Farm and Plantations\\nFrom the junction of the railroad at La Junta, a branch\\nline extends for eight miles to the Zent Plantations of\\nthe United Fruit Company, consisting of\\nChiripo\\niooo manzanas\\nBoston\\n1 200 manzanas\\nSterling\\n250 manzanas\\nVictoria\\n500 manzanas\\nZent\\n1000 manzanas", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "EL SALVADOR 79\\nZent is very valuable and extensive property there are\\n700 to 800 men employed in the cultivation of the finest\\nbanana lands that are owned by the United Fruit Company.\\nZent has the reputation of being very unhealthy, but in only\\nisolated instances did the writer note any signs of malarial\\nsickness this is now being counteracted by changes in the\\nsituation of the homes of the employees.\\nThe plantations are 50 feet above the sea, and certainly\\nthose farms on the banks of the river could not be in a more\\nbeautiful and healthy situation. There is now under con-\\nstruction 20 miles of railroad called the Limon extension,\\ndestined to open the plantations and make them more in\\ndirect touch with the steamers. The railroad has two\\nengines and many cars to assist the rapid transit of the fruit.\\nMr. William. H. Kyes, the manager, considers that plough-\\ning is a waste of time here, the ground being so rich, and\\ncleaning and cutting away the stumps is all that is neces-\\nsary for good results the managers of the plantations on the\\nOld Line are of a different mind, however.\\nThe 50 horse kind on the plantation are not eating their\\nheads off by any means in the stables. Toward the west\\nthe Turialba volcano looms up, forming a purple shadow at\\nevening the plantations resting at the base of the range of\\nmountains which extend to the sea.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "80 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nCOLOMBIANA\\nTHE UNITED FRUIT COMPANY\\nThis plantation, consisting of iooo acres, is situated on\\nthe old line of railroad about halfway to Guapiles.\\nUnder the efficient management of Mr. Arthur, the\\nbanana cultivation is carried to its highest point thorough\\ncultivation between rows by eight teams of mules with\\nploughs render the fruit taken from this plantation hard to\\nequal. One meets old-fashioned Southern hospitality here\\nupon visiting this beautiful and interesting spot planta-\\ntion life is seen in all its charm. Mr. Arthur has two\\nfine turkey-cocks, great pets of the family, who are trained\\nto cheer for Admiral Schley and General Wheeler. Mr.\\nArthur calls the turkeys to him and says, Now, boys,\\ncheer for Schley. Gobble, gobble, gobble, call the\\nturkeys. Now for General Wheeler. Gobble, gobble,\\ngobble, repeat the prize birds, and they strut about in\\nconscious knowledge of their beauty and intelligence.\\nThe hacienda of Mrs. Arnold is situated on a command-\\ning eminence 350 feet above Por-t Limon and about one\\nmile from the market-place. The farm contains about\\n1000 manzanas 250 manzanas in bananas, 100 manzanas in\\ncacao (chocolate), the balance consisting of primeval woods\\nand undeveloped land. A few hundred feet from the", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "AV TVC^A cvVVt^\\nIndian Woman Costa Rica.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "EL SALVADOR Si\\nhouse is an elevation looking out over Limon and the\\ndistant sea. Here is an ideal situation for a first-class\\nhotel. The air is pure and fresh, the grounds and gar-\\ndens already prepared at the expense of thousands of\\ndollars. Every variety of croton, beautiful specimens of\\ncocoanuts, cacao, rubber trees, cactus, oranges, and limes\\nsurely here is a fine investment for Northern capitalists.\\nA first-class hotel, similar to the Titchfield House, Port\\nAntonio, Jamaica, would undoubtedly succeed here. The\\ncacao, or chocolate, tree flourishes on this plantation\\nunder the very best of conditions, the color of the pod\\nwhen ripe being a brilliant orange-yellow; heaps of cacao\\nin the pod may be seen in the season lying by the road,,\\nready to be transported to the house. The plantation, in\\naddition, has some 7000 young cocoanut trees. The cacao\\n(chocolate) harvest gives two crops a year, and in the one\\nmonth of November the plantation clears 40 cwt. of cacao.\\nThe beans are in a compact form, 36 to 40 to the pod,\\nand surrounded by a white and acid-tasting jelly which\\nmakes the far-famed cacao butter. The crop of cacao from\\nMrs. Arnold s plantation is sent exclusively to England.\\nThe cacao takes six years to mature, but bears at three\\nyears old. The average crop is quoted at two pounds per\\ntree. Costa Rica cacao cannot be purchased under 40\\ncents gold per pound, being of such excellent quality..", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "82\\nTHE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nThe cacao bean (theobroma) contains the following con-\\nstituents\\nCacao butter 50 parts.\\nAlbuminoid substances 20 parts.\\nStarch sugar, etc. 13 parts.\\nSalts 4 parts.\\nOther substances 13 parts.\\nA most enjoyable and novel horseback ride can be taken\\nthrough this property, which extends from two to four miles\\nalong the edge of the sea. As one rides through several\\nmiles of bananas and cacao, gradually the bananas are left\\nbehind and you enter the primeval tropical forest, dense,\\ngloomy, shot with bars of vivid sunlight occasionally the\\nbark of a distant baboon or the shriek of an angry parrot\\nis the only sound which breaks the silence of nature. The\\nenormous trees towering to the sky, covered with vines\\nand orchids, shut out the sun, and this part of the ride\\nwill be thoroughly appreciated, as the trees act as an\\nenormous umbrella.\\nAn hour s ride brings the party to the edge of the sea,\\nwhere a small but safe harbor has been planned, the\\nentrance and harbor being masked by a small island which\\nforms an excellent breakwater. A beautiful sandy beach\\nhalf a mile long should be mentioned, as it constitutes a\\nvaluable addition to the property and a practicable road", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "EL SALVADOR 83\\nfrom Port Limon to this harbor would go far toward\\ndeveloping this gem of Costa Rica.\\nThe Las Mesas Coffee Estates, Ld.\\nThe Las Mesas Coffee Plantation is situated about 3600\\nfeet above the sea, and is a flag station on the Costa Rica\\nrailroad. There are about 250 manzanas in coffee, and\\nsome 50 manzanas in sugar for the manufacture of dulce.\\nThe company have a grand situation south of Turialba,\\n250 feet above the railroad.\\nThe works for preparing the coffee for shipment is\\nwithin 100 yards of the railroad below these buildings\\ncan be seen other broad vistas of coffee belonging to the\\ncompany, which, by the way, is a close corporation of a\\nlimited number of stockholders, principally Canadian capi-\\ntalists.\\nFrom the station of the railroad a winding road passes\\nup the cliff, which is 250 feet high, connecting the\\nhacienda and northern half of the estate with the south-\\nern half. Coffee is seen here in different stages of\\ngrowth from the little tender shoot just budding from\\nthe ground, to grand masses of the trees 12 to 14 feet\\nhigh, and from a few days old to four years of age. The\\nlower portion of the estate below the drying patios is in\\nthe shape of an oval, acres in extent, and surrounded by", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "8 4 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nthe great purple ridges of the mountains, marking the\\ncourse of the Reventazon River.\\nAll the processes of preparing the coffee for the mar-\\nket can be seen here to perfection with the most modern\\nmachinery, consisting of pulpers and dryers, and washing-\\ntanks for separating the berries from the husk all\\narranged with the idea for economizing labor, the berry\\nnot being touched by the hand after it has been stripped\\nfrom the tree until it is bagged ready for the American\\nmarket. A visit to this interesting property, via San\\nJose, will well repay the visitor to Costa Rica.\\nPlantation Life\\nMany of the plantations are widely separated from the\\ncentre of law and order, lost in the dense forests of the\\nhot belt, and far from fresh supplies of food. Naturally,\\nthere is little central authority it is usually vested in the\\nmandador, or manager of the property, who is some-\\ntimes a local judge of the district.\\nThe Jamaican negro seldom gives any trouble he is\\nusually respectful and reasonable if rightly managed.\\nThere are, of course, exceptions usually these are men\\nwho have a little smattering of law, and stand strictly on\\ntheir rights (as they conceive them) as British subjects,\\nand bluster at any opening given them.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "A Plantation Laborer.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "EL SALVADOR 85\\nAt the hacienda, the managers of the different divisions\\nof the plantation meet at meals and dine together in com-\\npany, the food consisting of canned goods, hot bread, fresh\\nmilk, yams, eggs, plantains, and occasionally venison, the\\nconversation at table consisting of jokes at one another s\\nexpense, the victim bearing it with commendable patience,\\nand retorting with fluency. The rooms in which the men\\nsleep, on the second floor (usually with a chum), are com-\\nfortable, clean, and homelike. The veranda on the ground\\nfloor is large and spacious, littered with saddles, riding;\\nleggins, boots, and spurs, or packages of goods.\\nIn the evening, when there may be ladies present, the\\nmusical genius brings out his guitar and keeps his audi-\\nence enthralled for hours. Spanish songs, negro ragtime,\\nlatest operas, soar out into the tropical night and cause the\\ncrowd of humble retainers in the yard to chuckle in sym-\\npathy and delight. Early every morning, by 6 a.m. at least,\\neach overseer departs on his little high-spirited horse to\\nmake his rounds, looking up the different gangs of work-\\nmen, directing their work, and taking stock of the planta-\\ntion on the hoof. To accompany any one of the managers\\non their inspection tour is an experience in itself. They\\nare tireless and exact in the fulfilment of their duties, and\\nreceive with complacency any praises from the Northern\\nvisitor as to the fine condition of their division.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "86 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nThese men are of a simple and steady habit (as they\\nhave to be, or die of fever), warm-hearted, canny, like a\\nScotchman, some of them, and quick to perceive and\\nappreciate a genuine liking for themselves and their style\\nof life. Then there are the clerks, book-keepers, and\\nmanagers of the commissary (connected with each plan-\\ntation), tall, likely young fellows from the Southern part\\nof the United States mostly, now and then a bean-eater\\nfrom Boston, all wearing a light-weight, mouse-colored\\nStetson sombrero, well slouched down over the eyes,\\ncotton shirts, and riding trousers of linen or wool, with\\nleather riding leggins. They take life jovially, these\\nyoungsters, and look forward to a plantation of their own\\nsome day.\\nHere is to the boys on the Old Line. May they\\nlive long and prosper\\nv W\\nA STEAMER OF THE UNITED FRUIT CO. LOADING BANANAS", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XI\\nTI? republic; of \\\\\\\\0T)duras\\nONDURAS was discovered by Columbus during\\nhis fourth voyage, about ten years after his first\\nexpedition. The locality first seen by him was\\nthe island of Guanaja, the most easterly of the group now\\ncalled the Bay Islands, where he arrived on the 30th of\\nJuly, 1502. He reached the mainland on the 14th of\\nAugust, at a point which he named Punta de Caxinas, a\\ncape stretching out into the sea and forming what was\\nafterward known as the bay of Truxillo. Honduras is\\nnext heard of when Gil Gonzales Davila, while on a voyage\\nfrom Sto. Domingo to Nicaragua in 1524, steering too far\\nto the westward, reached the coast near the bay now called\\nPuerto Cortez.\\nThe principal ports of Honduras on the Atlantic side\\nare Puerto Cortez, Omoa, Ceiba, Truxillo. The beautiful\\nand spacious harbor of Puerto Cortez was discovered in\\n1524. Cortes, in writing to the king of Spain, gave\\nPuerto Cortez high praise. The bay is somewhat in the\\nshape of a horseshoe, with great depth of water close to\\nthe shore.\\n87", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "88 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nAt Puerto Cortez the sea breeze is constant and refresh-\\ning. There is very little to cause one to stay more than\\na week here, though the traveller will be well cared for\\nat Hotel Lefebvre. The principal street of Puerto Cortez\\nis a disgrace to the town, consisting of the railroad track\\nonly the railroad is certainly handy and convenient, for\\nit is constantly in the way.\\nThere was an amusing smuggling case at the Custom\\nHouse last year, a dozen revolvers, several thousand\\ncartridges for them, and some thousand of rifle cartridges\\nwere smuggled in kegs of nails a keg broke in the hand-\\nling at the Custom House (the cartridges and revolvers\\nbeing in a central compartment with nails at both ends),\\nand thus were discovered the party to whom they were\\nconsigned (a respected citizen of San Pedro Sula) dis-\\nclaimed all knowledge of them, and the ammunition was\\nseized by the government.\\nThe authorities of Puerto Cortez have a very laughable\\nmethod of challenging at the guardhouse, in the evening,\\nvisitors and inhabitants when passing from one end of the\\ntown to the other. The passer-by is halted peremptorily at\\nthe cuartel, and made to give an account of himself this\\nsystem of police is very hurtful to the reputation of the\\ntown, and cannot be too greatly condemned.\\nOne of the most interesting things to study in Puerto", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "u\\nQ\\nZ\\nX", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS 89\\nCortez is the exiled Louisiana Lottery Company, which\\nhas its headquarters here under the name of the Hondu-\\nras Lottery Company. On the left-hand side of the rail-\\nroad, and facing it, is the beautiful house owned by this\\ncompany. Should the visitor desire a change from the\\nhotel in the town, he will do well to seek a room here, as\\nthe manager s wife will willingly take him in as a paying\\nguest. For further information regarding the status and\\nstatistics of this remarkable organization, I would refer\\nthe inquiring mind to the article in Harper s Weekly of\\nAugust 3, 1895.\\nThe well-known firm of Messrs. Geo. D. Emery, Boston,\\nMassachusetts (Chelsea), imports into Boston from Puerto\\nCortez 3000 logs of mahogany a month.\\nThe United Fruit Company have regular sailings of their\\nsteamers from New Orleans for this port, sailing every\\nThursday at 9 a.m., and from Mobile trimonthly. The\\nexportation of bananas from Puerto Cortez is at the present\\ntime very large, the steamers of the United Fruit Com-\\npany carrying large cargoes, about 125,000 bunches a month.\\nIn 1 891, the banana trade was only in its infancy, and not\\nmore than 320,000 bunches a year were exported from this\\nport, the statistics of the manager of the railroad at that date\\nbeing very interesting, as showing the difficulties of the plant-\\ners at that time, now happily nearly overcome. From Sep-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "9 o THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\ntember to December, each year, the excessive rains on the\\nrailroad are liable to cause a decrease of shipments the\\nrains sometimes entirely shut off the upper and most pro-\\nductive part of the road, and during this time many thou-\\nsands of bunches are lost to the planters.\\nTo the estimates of shipments made by the railroad to\\nPuerto Cortez will have to be added at least 25 per\\nLOADING BANANAS\\ncent for fruit lost to the fruit growers, caused by the\\nbreaking down of trains, making it impossible to receive\\nfruit for shipment, as the fruit would be too old and from\\n8 to 10 per cent to be added for fruit arriving in Puerto\\nCortez in bad or bruised condition, and thrown away, no\\naccount of which is taken by the railroad.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS 91\\nThere is a very large amount of vacant land along the\\nline of the road, which would all be planted in bananas if\\nthe railroad was kept in any kind of condition.\\nThe Lillian iron mine, at El Pariso, 26 miles on the\\nrailroad from Puerto Cortez (the property is about four\\nmiles square), is managed by Senor A. C. de Leon. It is\\nnow being developed, and is a very valuable property. It\\nhas three shafts the ore assays\\nMagnetic iron 67.30 per cent.\\nSilicon 1.30 per cent.\\nAluminium 2.20 per cent.\\nBlack oxide iron None.\\nThe Inter-oceanic Railroad, from Puerto Cortez to San\\nPedro Sula, is 38 miles in length, fare $3.00 Honduras\\nmoney. At the present time (1900) the railroad is in\\na very inferior condition. The cars are uncomfortable\\nand dirty. There is a hope that the railroad will shortly\\nbe acquired by Northern capitalists, who will give the rail-\\nroad needed attention.\\nSan Pedro Sula has a population of about 3000 inhabit-\\nants, and is situated on the plain of Sula, surrounded\\nby hills, the tops covered by the low clouds. There is a\\nfine Catholic church and a Protestant meeting-house. The\\nRio de Las Piedras flows through the plain. There are\\nthree main streets running the entire length of the town.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "Q2\\nTHE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nThe air and climate of San Pedro is very good, and a\\npleasant change from Puerto Cortez, being at least ten\\ndegrees cooler.\\nThe principal hotel is very poor, but will serve to stay\\nat for at least a day or two. To reach Tegucigalpa, the\\ncapital of Honduras, from San Pedro Sula, mules may be\\nhired at the hotel for the journey of about 250 miles, a\\njourney of a week. The cost of hiring a mule is $15 to\\n$20 gold per week, with like amount for servant and\\nmule cargo mules carry 200 pounds, and the charge for\\nthem is $12 gold for the journey. Cost of provisions $1\\nper day, for servant and mule extra plenty of small\\nchange, and a cloth hammock is recommended, and one\\nshould take his own saddle, as those for hire are not com-\\nfortable.\\nRoute of Travel\\nSan Pedro Sula to Pinto\\nPinto to Santa Cruz\\nSanta Cruz to Miambar\\nMiambar to Cueras\\nCueras to Comayagua\\nComayagua to Proteccion\\nProteccion to Tegucigalpa\\nFirst day.\\nSecond day.\\nThird day.\\nFourth day.\\nFifth day.\\nSixth day.\\nSeventh day.\\nThis road (one can hardly call it a road) is a bad one in\\nthe dry season in the wet season it is impassable. The road\\nfrom Tegucigalpa to the Pacific Ocean is about 75 miles", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "3\\nCO\\nz\\nCO", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS 93\\nand much easier, connecting by steamer on the Pacific\\nwith Panama and San Francisco.\\nTegucigalpa (City of the Silver Hills) is the largest and\\nfinest city of the republic of Honduras. By the census\\nof 1887 it contained 12,587 inhabitants. The exact date\\nof its founding is not known, but it existed as a native\\nsettlement before the Spanish conquest. The city is\\nsituated in a valley 3200 feet above the sea, on the\\neastern bank of the Choluteca River, or Rio Grande\\nthe river at this point is about 200 feet wide. The\\nstreets are narrow, the houses are built of adobe,\\nwhitewashed, and painted in brilliant colors. The central\\npoint of the city is the central park. In the centre is a\\nbronze equestrian statue of Morazan, the hero of Central\\nAmerican independence. On the east side of the plaza\\nis the principal church. It is, with the exception of the\\ncathedral at Comayagua, the largest and handsomest church\\nin Honduras. It was built in 1782. The church is of\\nthe Moorish style, all pure white; it has a clock and bells;\\nthere are no seats. It has two towers and an imposing\\nfacade, the roof terminating in a dome over the altar. The\\nprincipal altar is of carved wood richly gilded. On the\\nwalls are some ancient paintings. The water supply of\\nthe city is very good, brought from the Rio Jutiapa, a\\ndistance of 12 miles.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "94 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nSurrounding the capital is a magnificent mineral region.\\nThe mines of the adjacent territory have yielded immense\\nquantities of gold and silver, but under very crude condi-\\ntions, until of late years new energy and American capital\\nhave rejuvenated this region. Seven miles to the north\\nof Tegucigalpa is the Santa Lucia mine it has 200\\nveins of silver ore. The ore is principally galena and\\nsulphuret. The Rosario mine at San Juancito sends out\\na mule train of 30 mules every month (1899) through\\nTegucigalpa to the Pacific coast, each mule carrying two\\nbars of silver bullion, weighing 125 pounds apiece, 18 per\\ncent of which is gold.\\nThe opal mines of Honduras are near the town of Eran-\\ndique in the department of Gracias. Spanish Honduras\\nlies between 13 and 16 N. latitude. The climate is semi-\\ntropical. The heat of the Pacific coast is not so excessive\\nas the Atlantic side. The population of Honduras is about\\n400,000. The Hondurefios are a peaceful and friendly\\npeople, kind and hospitable to all strangers.\\nThe fruit of Honduras consists of the banana, custard-\\napple, plums, lemons, limes, oranges, pomegranates, papaws,\\nrose-apples, mangoes, guavas, cacao, etc. Vegetable prod-\\nucts tobacco, indigo, sassafras, Peruvian bark, vanilla,\\npimento, ginger, pepper, sarsaparilla, yams, plantains, etc.\\nThe papaya, or papaw, tree is found in the mountains", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "as\\nQ\\nz\\nC\\nX\\nc\\nu\\nu\\nUJ\\nE-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS 95\\nof Honduras and Costa Rica, and is grown near the\\nhouses. The tree is small, reaching three or four yards in\\nheight and less than a foot in diameter. It is straight,\\nand has no branches from the middle of the trunk. The\\nfruit grows to the size of an ordinary melon. The very\\nsweet pulp is rather insipid, but is a useful antiscorbutic.\\nThe Dead City of Copan\\nOne of the remarkable sights in Honduras are the ruins\\nof Copan, now overgrown with a dense and luxuriant tropi-\\ncal vegetation. Diego Garcia Polacio was the first Euro-\\npean to visit them. Stevens has since then investigated\\nthese ruins. They are situated in the mountainous interior\\nof the country, a few miles distant from the Guatemalan\\nfrontier, and about midway between the Pacific and the\\nAtlantic. At the present time, they show only dilapidated\\nfragments covered with sculptured figures and hieroglyph-\\nics. Among the most interesting of the remains are\\nnumerous monoliths scattered about some erect, others\\nfallen and almost buried in the ground. Some of the pil-\\nlars are more than eleven feet in length, width three and\\na half feet, thickness three feet. On the front side is rep-\\nresented the figure of a man with a strange head-dress\\nand breast-plate, the figure deeply cut and surrounded\\nwith elaborate carvings.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "96 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nThe relievos sculpture and graved stones found in the\\nruined cities of Central America have some elements of\\nresemblance to the mythological monuments and designs\\nof the Old World. Some day the origin and histories of\\nthese earthworks and ruins may be discovered but it will\\nprobably be found by searching into the writings of the\\nancient European and Asiatic authors. The materials for\\nthe development of the geography and history of antedi-\\nluvian America lie scattered in the fragmentary traditions\\nof other lands.\\nThe Bay Islands\\nThe Bay Islands are a number of small islands lying\\n30 miles off the coast of Spanish Honduras, southeast\\nof Puerto Cortez they consist of five islands, four days\\nsteamship travel from New Orleans. Ruatan is the prin-\\ncipal island and the most important of the group. It is\\n40 miles long and 3 miles wide. Population 3000, mostly\\nCarib Indians. Their only industry is the handling of\\ncocoanuts, of which there are 8,000,000 shipped in a\\nyear. Cocoanuts form the mainstay of the trade, and\\nthere is nothing easier to grow.\\nTo start a grove, one merely burns off a piece of land\\nand plants the nuts in rows 20 feet apart. In from four\\nto five years time the trees are a dozen feet high and", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS\\n97\\nare beginning to bear, and after that the planter is fixed\\nfor life. The nuts are never picked, but as they mature\\nthey drop off, and this shower of fruit goes on steadily\\nmonth after month all the year around. Some of the trees\\non the island are known to be over 50 years old and are\\nstill in full bearing.\\nA TROPICAL PARADISE\\nThere is an active ship-building industry for small ton-\\nnage, ranging from 15 tons *up to 75. The vessels are\\nrigged as sloops.\\nThe islands are a tropical paradise, overrun with wild\\nroses and every imaginable kind of flower. Bananas,\\noranges, mangoes, plums, and pineapples grow wild in\\nabundance, without cultivation. It is, indeed, a lazy man s\\nparadise.\\nUtilla, with 800 population, is the shipping port of the", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "98 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nislands, several steamers of the United Fruit Company\\ntouching here. Utila, Ruatan, Bonacca, Barbareta, and\\nMorat make up the Bay Islands. Barbareta is three miles\\nlong, and some hundred head of cattle are kept on it.\\nThe climate of the islands is very equal from 66\u00c2\u00b0 to\\n88\u00c2\u00b0 is the regular mark at all times.\\nThe islands are owned by the republic of Honduras,\\nrepresented in the islands by an administrator, a com-\\nmandante, and a governor.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "Cargo Boats.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII\\nP?*? R ?puklk of (juat ?/T\\\\ala\\nTpHE republic of Guatemala faces on the Atlantic\\nand Pacific oceans she has two ports on the\\ne Atlantic and three ports on the Pacific. Her rail-\\nways and iron piers on the Pacific belong to Americans.\\nThe republic has no war vessels the ports on the Pacific\\nare open roadsteads. Livingston, on the Caribbean side, is\\na small picturesque town situated at the mouth of the Rio\\nDulce, and exports many thousand bunches of bananas\\nyearly. Judging from the first-class samples of coffee berry\\nripe on the stalk seen by the writer at the port, the future\\nof Livingston as a coffee centre is very bright. Mr. Frank\\nDennis, United States Consular Agent at Livingston, is a\\nMaine man, and an expert on the coffee plant, and he and\\nMr. W. L. Adams (late of Boston) will be happy to assist\\nany traveller desirous of viewing the magnificent scenery\\nof the Rio Dulce, the outlet to Lake Izabal.\\nThe steamer stops here only on the down trip to Puerto\\nCortez. About ioo miles from Belize we come to Puerto\\nBarrios, another entrance port to the republic of Gua-\\nLrffc", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "ioo THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\ntemala, visited weekly by the steamers* of the United\\nFruit Company. It is the Atlantic terminal of the North-\\nern Railroad, which proceeds some 85 miles toward the\\ncapital, and ends at the station El Rancho, two days\\nmule-back ride from Guatemala City. There is a comfort-\\nable hotel at El Rancho, and the ride of 48 hours to the\\ncapital is comparatively easy. The traveller to Guatemala\\nCity should provide suitable provisions to carry with him,\\nas the chance of finding food on the way is exceedingly\\ndoubtful. Near Guatemala City there are many wonder-\\nful and beautiful antiquities to be seen in Antigua City,\\nespecially the old cathedral and examples of Spanish\\narchitecture of the last two centuries. There is an engrav-\\ning of Guatemala City (Antigua) in Gage s Voyages\\n(Amsterdam), 1720. Antigua had grown to be the city\\nof the most importance after Mexico City in Spanish\\nAmerica and this in spite of the many earthquakes\\nwhich in succession nearly destroyed it, noticeably those\\nof 1 75 1, 1757, 1765, and 1773. These earthquakes induced\\nthe inhabitants to remove to another locality, and thus\\nthe new capital of Guatemala was founded. The present\\npopulation of Antigua is about 20,000, of Guatemala City\\n45,000. The area of Guatemala is 40,620 square miles,\\npopulation 1,800,000 or more, mostly Indians and their\\ndescendants.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE REPUBLIC OF GUATEMALA 101\\nThe regular army of Guatemala consists of about 5000\\nmen. It is well known that Guatemala has a large\\nquantity of war material, including Krupp mountain-guns,\\netc., but lacks trained men in her ranks and among her\\nofficers.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIII\\nBritish jHo^duras\\nIONDURAS was discovered in 1502 by Columbus,,\\nand in 15 18 Grijalra landed on the island of\\nCozumel, and named the country New Spain.\\nThe country, what now constitutes British Honduras, was\\nceded to Great Britain in July, 1670. Since the invasion\\nof 1798, when the Spaniards were repulsed, the English\\nhave held the territory by right of conquest in addition\\nto claims of occupation. Captain Nathaniel Uring, writing\\nin 1720 a history of his voyages and travels to the bay of\\nHonduras and Belize River, said The country is all a\\nflat, and great part of it a morass, with several large\\nlagoons. In the dry time of the year the logwood cutters\\nsearch for work, that is, where there are a good number\\nof logwood trees, and then build a hut near them, where\\nthey live during the time they are cutting. Some of these\\ntrees grow very tall and straight, though most of them are\\nlow and crooked. The general price of the wood is ^5\\nper ton Jamaica money. The logwood cutters during the\\nfloods dwell some 42 miles up the river at the Barca-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "Belize Old Gate.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "BRITISH HONDURAS\\n103\\ndares, where they have built their huts upon pretty high\\nbanks, which just keep em out of the water in the time\\nof the floods. British Honduras is situated on the eastern\\nslopes of the peninsula of Yucatan, distant from England\\n5700 miles, 900 miles south of New Orleans, 600 miles\\nwest of Jamaica. British Honduras is a tropical country,\\nthe temperature ranging from 56 to 96 and averaging\\n75\u00c2\u00b0 to 8o\u00c2\u00b0. Toledo is a thriving colony of settlers from\\nthe United States, many having become independent.\\nTo reach British Honduras, the United Fruit Company\\n(New Orleans branch) will give all information for intending\\ntourists, immigrants, or settlers. Hurricanes or cyclones\\nnever reach the coast of British Honduras the highest\\nvelocity noted of the wind was 25 miles an hour. August\\nto November are the rainy months February, March,\\nand April the dry months. The rise and progress of\\nthe colony of British Honduras has been continually\\nconnected with the fortunes of its trade in timber and\\ndyewoods.\\nThe chief industry of the colony is wood-cutting, which\\nhas been carried on for over 200 years; as a result,,\\nmuch of the finest timber within reach of the principal\\nrivers has been cut down but there are vast tracts of\\nvirgin forests in the interior, growing some of the finest\\ntimber trees to be found in any part of the world.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "104 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nAmong the woods may be mentioned mahogany, logwood,\\ncedar, sapodilla, rosewood, fustic, ironwood, redwood, cocoa-\\nnut palm, etc.\\nBelize has a seacoast of about 180 miles, and extends\\ninto the interior about 68 miles, with an area of 7562\\nsquare miles, and is about twice the size of Jamaica. The\\nhighest peak in the Cockscomb Mountains is Victoria Peak,\\n3700 feet above the sea level, showing a beautiful and\\npicturesque outline against the sunset. The population of\\nBritish Honduras is about 30,000 (1890).\\nThe name of the capital, Belize, was probably derived\\nfrom the French word baliae, a beacon. The Indian name\\nof Belize is Mopan of Honduras, Zuina. The original\\nsettlement by the British cannot be traced to any date\\nfarther back than the protectorate of Cromwell. Ship-\\nmasters brought logwood to London in 1666, which first\\ndrew the attention of British capitalists to this country.\\nBelize, the capital of British Honduras, is situated on\\none of the mouths of the Old River, near Fort George.\\nThe population in 1881 was 27,452, of which 375 were\\nwhite and 27,077 colored or black.\\nThe town presents a most pleasing aspect from the harbor.\\nThe houses are nearly all built of wood. The chief buildings\\nare the Court House (1880), in the centre of the town, the\\nSt. John s Episcopal Cathedral (18 12), Government House\\n(1814), and the Roman Catholic Convent.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "BRITISH HONDURAS 105\\nThe town is built on the banks of the river for half a\\nmile, and extends along the shore for over two miles. A\\nwooden bridge crosses the river mouth it was opened in\\n1859. Many of the houses are surrounded with gardens\\nplanted with oleanders, cocoanut trees, crotons, and other\\nbright-colored shrubs and trees. It is a very healthful town\\n(though surrounded by swamps) this is due to the sea\\nbreezes and sandy subsoil. Some places Lave been filled\\nwith mahogany chips, but they have been buried deeply\\nin sand.\\nFrom New Orleans, Louisiana, the United Fruit Company\\nsend a fast line of Royal Mail steamers to Belize, sailing\\nevery Thursday at 9 a.m. It is delightful to get away from\\nfrosty lands and breathe the intoxicating air of the Golden", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "106 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nCaribbean, finding the deep blue of the waters of the Gulf\\nof Mexico a great contrast to the muddy yellow ochre color\\nof the Mississippi River. The swift steamers, the Break-\\nwater and the Stillwater., are models of safety and neatness,\\nand the efficient pursers of the steamers see to the comfort\\nof all their passengers. The steamer arrives at Belize (at\\n7 p.m.) in less than four days, and anchors two miles from\\nthe shore, as the harbor is shallow. We go ashore in the\\nsmall local sail-boats, with an exciting race between the\\ndifferent skippers (as to which will reach the Custom House\\nwharf first) to add to the interest of our first approach to\\ntropic shores. The water of the harbor is smooth and glassy,\\nand sometimes one may see the triangular fin of the\\nshark cutting the surface.\\nNicaragua\\nNicaragua, among the Central American republics, holds\\nan important position between the two great oceans. It con-\\ntains about 40,000 square miles. The population of Nica-\\nragua is, according to the census of 1890, 360,000. The\\nboundary between Nicaragua and Costa Rica was long in\\ndispute, but was defined by a treaty between the two repub-\\nlics which was concluded on April 15, 1858. The Caribbean\\ncoast of Nicaragua measures about 300 miles from north to\\nsouth. The ports of entry on the Atlantic side are San", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "Street in Belize British Honduras.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "BRITISH HONDURAS 107\\nJuan del Norte, or Greytown, Cabo de Gracias a Dios, and\\nBluefields. In consequence of the great development of\\nthe trade in bananas and other tropical fruits, and the\\nestablishment of regular lines of steamers from the United\\nStates, Bluefields is assuming a position of importance as a\\nport. The Bluefields River, or the Mico, has its source in\\nthe mountains its general course is from west to east. It\\nis a beautiful river, and for a distance of 65 miles, from\\nBluefields to the Boca de Rama, large steamers running to\\nNew Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, and Boston ascend\\nwithout difficulty.\\nThe banana exportation from the coast of Nicaragua is\\nvery large, principally transported weekly from Bluefields\\nand Rama to New Orleans by the United Fruit Company.\\nThe distance from New Orleans to Bluefields is 1210 miles,\\nand the steamers of the United Fruit Company take five days\\nto make the trip. The service is semi-weekly, the steamers\\ncarrying passengers, freight, and mail from New Orleans,\\nreturning loaded with bananas, gold, rubber, cocoanuts, and\\nother freight, as well as passengers for the States.\\nPrevious to the war between the United States and Spain\\nthe cocoanut trade of Big and Little Corn Islands, off the\\ncoast of Nicaragua, was controlled by small American trad-\\ning vessels. They came with a miscellaneous cargo and\\ntraded it for cocoanuts, at the rate of one cent each, other-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "108 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nwise they paid $10 gold a thousand for them. Now the\\ncocoanuts are sent to New Orleans on the fruit steamers.\\nDuring 1898, 688,711 cocoanuts, valued at $10,196 gold\\nwere shipped from these islands.\\nAmerican capital is interested in improvements along the\\ncoast from Bluefields to Cape Gracias. Lighthouses are to\\nbe erected at suitable points along the coast a line of\\nsteamers will be provided to run between Greytown and\\nCape Gracias, calling at intermediate ports. In order to\\nbring the banana plantations in closer communication with\\nthe shore, the plan is to build a railroad from the Rama\\nRiver to Monkey Point, and then provide suitable harbor\\nfacilities for shipping the fruit on ocean-going steamships\\nto the United States.\\nThe Nicaragua Canal\\nThe question of interoceanic communication across the\\nAmerican isthmus has been continually presented to the\\nattention of the civilized world with more or less persist-\\nency since the days of Columbus.\\nVon Humboldt, in his writings, uses the Nicaraguan\\nroute as the standard of his comparisons of the different\\nroutes under discussion. Though more recent and more\\nexact information has not fully corroborated all of his opin-", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "BRITISH HONDURAS 109\\nions, it has fully confirmed all that he said or implied con-\\ncerning the Nicaraguan route.\\nSan Juan del Norte, or Greytown, and Brito, on the\\nPacific, are the termini of the canal. Its length from port\\nto port is 169^ miles, of which 26| will be excavated chan-\\nnel, and 142I miles lakes, rivers, and basins.\\nThe summit level is necessarily that of Lake Nicaragua,\\nno feet above the sea. This magnificent body of water,\\nin the centre of the country, is the key of the technical\\nproblem and as navigation is possible for some distance\\ndown its outlet, the San Juan, there are in reality two\\ncanals to be constructed, one to join the lake with the\\nPacific, and the other to extend the navigable water of the\\nSan Juan to the Caribbean Sea. There will be three locks\\nnear either end.\\nFor 9^ miles from the inner harbor at San Juan del\\nNorte, the canal extends southwesterly across the lowlands\\nof the coast to the foot-hills of the Cordillera, known as the\\neastern divide, where is located the first of the eastern\\nlocks.\\nThe locks follow in close succession No. 1, at 9^- miles,\\nwith a lift of 31 feet No. 2, 1^ miles farther on, with a lift\\nof 30 feet and No. 3, about 2\\\\ miles beyond, with a lift of\\n45 feet.\\nHere commences the summit level of the canal at an", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "no THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nelevation of 106 feet above the sea, which allows four feet\\nof fall from the lake for flowage.\\nDredging in Lake Nicaragua to an average depth of\\n10 feet in soft mud bottom, width 150 feet, for 14 miles\\nfrom the shore, will secure a navigable channel of 30 feet\\nto deep water.\\nFrom this point the course of the canal is across the\\nlake to the mouth of the Rio Lajas, across the western\\ndivide, which is 43 feet above the canal level, to the\\nvalley of the Rio Grande and the Tola basin for 9\\nmiles from the lake there will be required considerable\\nearth and rock excavation. About 5^ miles farther on,\\nnear La Flor, are located locks Nos. 4 and 5 and a\\nlarge dam which impounds the waters of the Tola basin.\\nThese locks terminate the summit level of the canal.\\nLock No. 6 is the last of the western series, and will\\nlower the canal to the level of the Pacific, with a lift\\nof 21 to 29 feet, varying according to tidal conditions.\\nThe work of construction has progressed slowly, but\\nsystematically, from the year 1889. The breakwater,\\nerected at the entrance of the old harbor of San Juan,\\nis constantly being improved and lengthened, and when\\nthe breakwater had reached the length of 800 feet, it\\ncaused the channel to deepen to 15 feet or more, which\\nwill be increased by dredges to over 30 feet.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "Maya Monolith Belize.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "BRITISH HONDURAS m\\nThe country through which the course of the canal\\nis laid, for the first 10 miles from the coast, is a flat,\\nalluvial formation, with occasional lagoons and swamps\\ncovered with a dense, primeval forest.\\nAbove the San Carlos and at Machuca the forests\\nwhich clothe the banks of the river are tropical in luxu-\\nriance. The lofty trees are draped with vines, which\\ncreep and twine among their branches and droop to the\\nwater s edge in massive walls of verdure.\\nAbove Machuca there are occasional clearings, where\\nthe lands are cultivated, through which the distant hills\\nappear. At other places the hills themselves rise with\\nsteep and almost precipitous slopes directly from the\\nriver.\\nAt Castillo is an old Spanish fort, garrisoned by the\\nNicaraguan government. It was considered impregnable\\nby its builders, but was captured by a British force in\\n1780.\\nThe commercial problem which the opening of a canal\\nacross Nicaragua would solve is the same to-day as that\\nwhich stimulated Columbus and his contemporaries to\\ntheir arduous efforts; the only difference is in the in-\\ncreased magnitude of its advantages. It is still the dis-\\ncovery of a direct east and west route for the commerce\\nof the world. Of all the lines of ocean-sailing steamers", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "ii2 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nwhich focus their routes at Greytown at the present\\ntime, the United Fruit Company possess the greatest\\nadvantage of being well equipped with over 50 steamers,\\nand stand ready for the advance in trade and rush of\\ncompetition which will ensue upon the opening of the\\nNicaraguan Canal.\\nThe United Fruit Company are even now (1900) pre-\\nparing their schedule and placing their steamers on new\\nroutes up and down the Central American coast the\\nnew steamer Sunrise, recently placed in commission by\\nthe company under contract with the government of\\nCosta Rica, will carry the mails and passengers from Port\\nLimon, Costa Rica, to Bocas del Toro and Colon and\\nreturn, and from Port Limon to Greytown and Bluefields.\\nand return.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "UJ\\nCD", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIV\\npro/T) |tf ?u/ Orleans to port Cimor;, QDSta I^iea\\nTHE Anselm and Olympia, crack steamships of the\\nr United Fruit Company, reach Port Limon, Costa\\nt Rica, after a five days run from New Orleans.\\nIn a terrific burst and downpour of rain we left New\\nOrleans in the month of February, chilled to the marrow\\nof our bones by the dampness and the raw wind blowing\\ndown the Mississippi River.\\nTJie city was left behind, lost in mist and smoke, as\\nthe steamer followed the winding banks of the river.\\nWe met occasionally (the sight of all sights to a North-\\nern man) a stern-wheel steamer loaded to the gunwales\\nwith bales of cotton, laboriously puffing its way to the\\ncity. The banks of the river swiftly glided by at times\\nwe could almost throw a potato ashore, at other times\\nthe pilot curved to the middle of the stream, steering\\nfrom point to point.\\nToward sunset the steamer passed out on to the\\nGulf, and to some this was a signal to retire to their\\nstaterooms and seek the aid of the experienced stewards\\nothers were held captive by the attractions of the cosey\\n3", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "ii 4 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nsmoking room but after a few hours even the hardi-\\nest of the travellers sought the seclusion and warmth\\nof their comfortable staterooms. The ensuing days were\\nmarked by calm seas and dazzling sunshine, the steamer\\nlazily rising and falling as she pursued her course over a\\nsummer sea. The familiar (to some) flying-fish now put\\nin their appearance, and the days of frost and rain are\\nforgotten for the time being, in the study of the beauties\\nof nature in her most entrancing effects. The sunsets\\nare glorious, luscious in their dreamy beauty, reminding\\none that soon the blazing tropics are to come with\\ntheir stronger colors and contrasts. After three days\\nvoyage, the temperature increases no more can we bask\\nin the sun rather must we shun it, and seek the shady\\nside of the deck. The heat is humid and tends to loung-\\ning and deliberation, salt sea baths drawn direct from\\nthe sea are now popular, and one seeks to keep down\\nthe heat of the blood.\\nWe soon pass down the coast of Nicaragua the long\\nwhite beach can be seen extending dimly for miles, no\\nmountains or hills to break the low-lying shore and\\nover a glassy sea, reflecting the rays of a torrid sun, the\\nsteamer moves with a stealthy gliding motion, suggesting\\ncaution, for we are approaching Costa Rica with its dan-\\ngerous coral reefs.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "FROM NEW ORLEANS TO PORT LIMON 115\\nIn the far distance, miles yet away, rises a cloud which\\ndarkens and increases in importance until low down, near\\nthe line of the silver streak, appears a little island over-\\ntopped with a white lighthouse.\\nIt s Port Limon, sure enough, said the first officer,\\nas he passed by leisurely, proceeding to the bridge; you\\nPORT LIMON\\ndon t need any passport for that republic, was his last\\nconsoling remark.\\nThe steamer gradually draws near to the pier, and now\\none can see plainly the portly person of Captain Softcote,\\nthe English manager of the wharf, and other representa-\\ntive citizens, all dressed in white duck suits. The pas-\\nsengers (mostly planters and business men returning to\\nCosta Rica) hurried to the rail of the ship, and comments\\nand sallies of wit were passed from shore to ship, and\\nback again, as each known face was discovered:\\nHow many manzanas have you cleaned up lately?\\nThis is a dry day, William.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "n6 THE GOLDEN CARIBBEAN\\nHow are the boys on the Old Line?\\nWhere s the Count? I don t see him.\\nHullo, Norton, what is exchange to-day\\nwere the questions and remarks (quite unintelligible to\\nthe stranger) fired at the appreciative audience, as the\\nsteamer bumped against the wharf.\\nWe now find ourselves renewing our acquaintance with\\nPort Limon, and realize that under a tropical sun we have\\ncircumnavigated (in the steamers of the United Fruit,\\nCompany) the sea made notable in song and story as\\nThe Golden Caribbean.", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "o\\nf-\\ntu\\nOu\\nO\\nQ\\nU\\nQi\\nu\\nz\\nu\\n-J\\nCQ", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "V\\n\\\\W", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3366", "width": "2465", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nllOIlllllllllll\\n015 807 188 5\\n11\\nfiiiir\\n\\\\0cm\\nWW\\nmm\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0L\\niiiii\\nmm\\nTBBP\\nm\\nboSk", "height": "3459", "width": "2567", "jp2-path": "goldencaribbeanw00blan_0192.jp2"}}