{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3174", "width": "2345", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "V i^\\n^CP\\nQd/-o\\n_\\nvs. N.^\\nJb\\n.V\\nf\\nV\\nZ V cV\\\\\\\\\\\\^Fr7// -^fri Z", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": ",\\\\C -vo\\nW^^\\\\)^ J^\\n~^0 o\\n.V o-wjia,\\\\F- (J\\n..i\\ns-^\\n.\u00e2\u0096\u00a0==iiiiiiii\\n1\\nex\\nj X \\\\V v^\\nO-^ fl.\\nO\\ntp\\n^^^^^^s o\\n^^d*\\nA^\\nJ^ c^ *v r o-v o. cu\\nV", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "I\\nALTEA\\\\US YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY\\nHISTORY\\nor\\nMARIA ANTOINETTE\\nBY\\nJOHN 5. C ABBOTT\\nWITH rORTY-ONE ILLUSTRATIONS\\nCopyright 1900 by Hen ry Altemus^jZompany\\nPHILADELPHIA\\nHENRY ALTEA\\\\US COMPANY\\nII\\nM^", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "53128\\nI Wi.: tomb KtCtUEO\\nSEP 28 1900\\nCopyright entry\\nSICOND COPY.\\nUv ^ve^tsrl to\\nOt^Ot\u00c2\u00ab OWISION,\\niJDC T 18 1900", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nc\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCHAPTER T. PAGE\\nParentage and Childhood 1\\nCHAPTER 11.\\nBridal Days o 23\\nCHAPTER m.\\nMaria Antoinette Enthroned 53\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nThe Diamond Necklace 76\\nCHAPTER V.\\nThe Mob at Versailles 99\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nThe Palace a Prison 121\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nThe Flight 142\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nThe Return to Paris 162\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nImprisonment in the Temple 182\\nCHAPTER X.\\nExecution of the King 209\\nCHAPTER XI.\\nTrial and Execution of Maria Antoinette 226\\nCHAPTER Xll.\\nThe Princess Elizabeth, the Dauphin, and the Princess\\nRoyal 237\\nV", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Maria Antoinette, vi\\nThe Royal Family Entering the Hall. {Se^\\nep. 190.", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nArrest of the Royal Family at Varennes,\\nThe Royal Family Entering the Hall\\nTailpiece\\nMaria Antoinette, Queen of France\\nHeadpiece, Chapter I.\\nThe Empress Maria Theresa\\nMaria Antoinette Leaving Schoenbruu\\nRoom in the Palace of Schcenbrun\\nHeadpiece, Chapter II.\\nLouis XVL, King of France\\nThe Prison of the Bastile\\nLouis and Maria at Little Trianon\\nHeadpiece, Chapter III.\\nThe Attack on the Bastile\\nFestivities at Versailles\\nHeadpiece, Chapter TV.\\nThe Bread Riots\\nLaFayette protecting the\\nHeadpiece, Chapter V.\\nThe Royal Family in Despair\\nHeadpiece, Chapter VI.\\nLouis XVI. and the Mob\\nThe Mob Marching to Versailles\\nHeadpiece, Chapter VII.\\nThe Royal Family Entering the Temple,\\nHeadpiece, Chapter VIII.\\nOiieen\\nFrontispiece.\\npage vi\\nviii\\nX\\nI\\nfacing\\n8\\n24\\n22\\n23\\nfacing\\n32\\n40\\n52\\n53\\nfacing\\n5^\\n75\\n76\\nfacing\\n64\\nu\\n72\\n99\\nfacing\\n88\\n121\\nfacing\\n96\\n141\\n142\\nfacing\\n128\\n162\\n(vii)", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "VIU\\nILLUSTRATIONS.\\nThe Princess Lamballe at the Tribunal, facing page\\nThe Last Farewell\\nHeadpiece, Chapter IX.\\nLouis XVI. before the Convention, facing\\nMaria Antoinette in Prison\\nHeadpiece, Chapter X.\\nThe Execution of Louis XYI. facino-\\nMaria Antoinette Leaving the Tribunal,\\nChurch of the Madeleine\\nHeadpiece, Chapter XI.\\nThe Queen Summoned to Execution, facins;\\nHeadpiece, Chapter XII.\\nMaria Antoinette Going to Execution, facin\\nHolyrood Castle\\n136\\n152\\n182\\n160\\n208\\n209\\n192\\n200\\n225\\n226\\n216\\n237\\n2.^2\\nyfartct Antomett\\nThe Temple Prison. {Seep. 197.)", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "RMM\\n|ra\\ntM\\nMa yl\\n^5\\nMARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nCHAPTEE I.\\nPABENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD.\\nIn the year 1740, Charles VI., Emperor of\\nAustria, died. He left a daughter twenty\\nthree years of age, Maria Theresa, to inherit\\nthe crown of that powerful empire. She had\\nbeen married about four years to Franeis, Duke\\nof Lorraine. The day after the death of\\nCharles, Maria Theresa ascended the throne.\\nThe treasury of Austria was empty. A general\\nfeeling of discontent pervaded the kingdom.\\nSeveral claimants to the throne rose to dispute\\nthe succession with Maria; and France, Spain,\\nPrussia, and Bavaria took advantage of the new\\nreign, and of the embarrassments which sur-\\nrounded the youthful queen, to enlarge their\\nown borders by wresting territory from Austria.\\nThe young queen, harassed by dissensions\\nat home and by the combined armies of her\\npowerful foes, beheld with anguish which her\\n1", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "2 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nproud and imperious spirit could hardly en-\\ndure, her troops defeated and scattered in every\\ndirection, and the victorious armies of her\\nenemies marching almost unimpeded toward\\nher capital. The exulting invaders, intoxicated\\nwith unanticipated success, now contemplated\\nthe entire division of the spoil. They decided\\nto blot Austria from the map of Europe, and to\\npartition out the conglomerated nations com-\\nposing the empire among the conquerors.\\nMaria Theresa retired from her capital as\\nthe bayonets of France and Bavaria gleamed\\nfrom the hillsides which environed the city.\\nHer retreat with a few disheartened followers,\\nin the gloom of night, was illumined by the\\nflames of the bivouacs of hostile armies, with\\nwhich the horizon seemed to be girdled. The\\ninvaders had possession of every strong post in\\nthe empire. The beleaguered city was sum-\\nmoned to surrender. Eesistance was unavail-\\ning. All Europe felt that Austria was hope-\\nlessly undone. Maria fled from the dangers of\\ncaptivity into the wilds of Hungary. But in\\nthis dark hour, when the clouds of adversity\\nseemed to be settling in blackest masses over\\nher whole realm, when hope had abandoned\\nevery bosom but her own, the spirit of Maria\\nremained as firm and inflexible as if victory\\nwere perched upon her standards, and her ene-\\nmies were flying in dismay before her. She\\nwould not listen to one word of compromise.", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 6\\nBhe would not admit the thought of surrender-\\niDg one acre of the dominions she had inherited\\nfrom her fathers. Calm, unagitated, and de-\\ntermined, she summoned around her, from their\\nfeudal castles, the wild and warlike barons of\\nHungary. With neighing steeds, and flaunt-\\ning banners, and steel-clad retainers, and all\\nthe paraphernalia of barbaric pomp, these\\nchieftains, delighting in the excitements of\\nwar, gathered around the heroic queen. The\\nspirit of ancient chivalry still glowed in these\\nfierce hearts, and they gazed with a species of\\nreligious homage upon the young queen, who,\\nin distress, had fled to their wilds to invoke\\nthe aid of their strong arms.\\nMaria met them in council. They assmbled\\naround her by thousands in all the imposing\\nsplendor of the garniture of war. Maria ap-\\npeared before these stern chieftains dressed in\\nthe garb of the deepest mourning, with the\\ncrown of her ancestors upon her brow, her\\nright hand resting upon the hilt of the sword\\nof the Austrian kings, and leading by her left\\nhand her little daughter Maria Antoinette.\\nThe pale and pensive features of the queen at-\\ntested the resolute soul which no disasters\\ncould subdue. Her imperial spirit entranced\\nand overawed the bold knights, who had ever\\nlived in the realms of romance. Maria ad-\\ndressed the Hungarian barons in an impressive\\nspeech in Latin, the language then in use in", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "4 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe diets of Hungary, faithfully describing the\\ndesperate state of her affairs. She committed\\nherself and her children to their protection,\\nand urged them to drive the invaders from the\\nland or to perish in the attempt. It was just\\nthe appeal to rouse such hearts to a frenzy\\nof enthusiasm. The youth, the beauty, the\\ncalamities of the queen roused to the utmost\\nintensity the chivalric devotion of these war-\\nlike magnates, and grasping their swords and\\nwaving them above their heads, they shouted\\nsimultaneously, Moriamur pro rege nosh^o,\\nMaria Theresa*^ Let us die for our king,\\nMaria Theresa.\\nUntil now, the queen had preserved a de-\\nmeanor perfectly tranquil and majestic. But\\nthis affectionate enthusiasm of her subjects en-\\ntirely overcame her imperious spirit, and she\\nburst into a flood of tears. But, apparently\\nashamed of this exhibition of womanly feeling,\\nshe almost immediately regained her com-\\nposure, and resumed the air of the indomitable\\nsovereign. The war-cry immediately resounded\\nthroughout Hungary. Chieftains and vassals\\nrallied around the banner of Maria. In per-\\nson she inspected and headed the gathering\\narmy, and her spirit inspired them. With the\\nferocity of despair, these new recruits hurled\\nthemselves upon the invaders. A few battles,\\ndesperate and sanguinary, were fought, and\\nthe army of Maria was victorious. England", "height": "3000", "width": "2122", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 5\\nand Holland, apprehensive that the destruction\\nof the Austrian empire would destroy the\\nbalance of power in Europe, and encouraged\\nby the successful resistance which the Austrians\\nwere now making, came to the rescue of the\\nheroic queen. The tide of battle was turned.\\nThe armies of France, Germany, and Spain\\nwere driven from the territory which they had\\noverrun. Maria, with untiring energy, fol-\\nlowed up her successes. She pursued her re-\\ntreating foes into their own country, and finally\\ngranted peace to her enemies only by wresting\\nfrom them large portions of their territory.\\nThe renown of these exploits resounded through\\nEurope. The name of Maria Theresa was em-\\nbalmed throughout the civilized world. Under\\nher vigorous sway Austria, from the very brink\\nof ruin, was elevated to a degree of splendor\\nand power it had never attained before.\\nThese conflicts and victories inspired Maria\\nwith a haughty and imperious spirit, and the\\nloveliness of the female character was lost amid\\nthe pomp of martial achievements. The proud\\nsovereign eclipsed the woman.\\nIt is not to be supi^osed that such a bosom\\ncould be the shrine of tenderness and affec-\\ntion. Maria s virtues were all of the mascu-\\nline gender. She really loved, or, rather,\\nliked her husband but it was with the same\\nkind of emotion with which an energetic and\\nambitious man loves his wife. She cherished", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "6 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nbim, protected him, watched over him, and\\nloaded him with honors. He was of a mild,\\ngentle, confiding spirit, and would have made\\na lovely wife. She was ambitious, fearless,\\nand commanding, and would have made a\\nnoble husband. In fact, this was essentially\\nthe relation which existed between them.\\nMaria Theresa governed the empire, while\\nFrancis loved and caressed the children.\\nThe queen, by her armies and her political\\ninfluence, had succeeded in having Francis\\ncrowned Emperor of Germany. She stood\\nupon the balcony as the imposing ceremony\\nwas performed, and was the first to shout,\\nLong live the Emperor Francis I. Like\\nNapoleon, she had become the creator of kings.\\nAustria was now in the greatest prosperity,\\nand Maria Theresa the most illustrious queen\\nin Europe. Her renown filled the civilized\\nworld. Through her whole reign, though she\\nbecame the mother of sixteen children, she de-\\nvoted herself with untiring energy to the ag-\\ngrandizement of her empire. She united with\\nKussia and Prussia in the infamous partition\\nof Poland, and in the banditti division of the\\nspoil she annexed to her own dominions twenty-\\nseven thousand square miles and two million\\nfive hundred thousand inhabitants.\\nFrom this exhibition of the character of\\nMaria Theresa, the mother of Maria Antoinette,\\nthe reader will not be surprised that she should", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 7\\nhave inspired her children with awe rather\\nthan with affection. In truth, their imperial\\nmother was so devoted to the cares of the em-\\npire that she was almost a stranger to her\\nchildren, and could have known herself but few\\nof the emotions of maternal love. Her chil-\\ndren were placed under the care of nurses and\\ngovernesses from their birth. Once in every\\neight or ten days the queen appropriated an\\nhour for the inspection of the nursery and the\\napartments appropriated to the children and\\nshe performed this duty with the same fidelity\\nwith which she examined the wards of the state\\nhospitals and the military schools.\\nThe following anecdote strikingly illustrates\\nthe austere and inflexible character of the em-\\npress. The wife of her son Joseph died of\\nthe confluent smallpox, and her body had been\\nconsigned to the vaults of the royal tomb.\\nSoon after this event, Josepha, one of the\\ndaughters of the empress, was to be married\\nto the King of Naples. The arrangements\\nhad all been made for their approaching nup-\\ntials, and she was just on the point of leaving\\nVienna to ascend the Neapolitan throne, when\\nshe received an order from her mother that she\\nmust not depart from the empire until she had,\\nin accordance with the established custom, de-\\nscended into the tomb of her ancestors and\\noffered her parting prayer. The young prin-\\ncess, in an agony of consternation, received", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "8 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe cruel requisition. Yet she dared not dis-\\nobey her mother. She took her little sister,\\nMaria Antoinette, whom she loved most ten-\\nderly, upon her knee, and, weeping bitterly,\\nbade her farewell, saying that she was sure she\\nshould take the dreadful disease and die.\\nTrembling in every fiber, the unhappy princess\\ndescended into the gloomy sepulcher, where\\nthe bodies of generations of kings were molder-\\ning. She hurried through her short prayer,\\nand in the deepest agitation returned to the\\npalace, and threw herself in despair upon her\\nbed.\\nHer worst apprehensions were realized. The\\nfatal disease had penetrated her veins. Soon\\nit manifested itself in its utmost virulence.\\nAfter lingering a few days and nights in dread-\\nful suffering, she breathed her last, and her\\nown loathsome remains were consigned to the\\nsame silent chambers of the dead. Maria\\nTheresa commanded her child to do no more\\nthan she would have insisted upon doing her-\\nself under similar circumstances. And when\\nshe followed her daughter to the tomb, she\\nprobably allowed herself to indulge in no re-\\ngrets in view of the course she had pursued,\\nbut consoled herself with the reflection that she\\nhad done her duty.\\nThe Emperor Francis died, 1765, leaving\\nMaria Theresa still in the vigor of life, and\\nquite beautiful. Three of her counselors of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "Maria AHtuinetf^,\\nThe Empress Maria Theresa.", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 9\\nstate, ambitious of sharing the throne with\\nthe illustrious queen, entered into a compact,\\nby which they were all to endeavor to obtain\\nher hand in marriage, agreeing that the suc-\\ncessful one should devote the power thus ob-\\ntained to the aggrandizement of the other two.\\nThe empress was informed of this arrangement,\\nand, at the close of a cabinet council, took oc-\\ncasion, with great dignity and composure, to\\ninform them that she did not intend ever again\\nto enter into the marriage state, but that,\\nshould she hereafter change her mind, it would\\nonly be in favor of one who had no ambitious\\ndesires, and who would have no inclination to\\nintermeddle with the affairs of state and that,\\nshould she ever marry one of her ministers,\\nshe should immediately remove him from all\\noffice. Her counselors, loving power more\\nthan all things else, immediately abandoned\\nevery thought of obtaining the hand of Maria\\nat such a sacrifice.\\nMaria Antoinette, the subject of this biog-\\nraphy, was born on the 2d of November, 1755.\\nFew of the inhabitants of this world have com-\\nmenced life under circumstances of greater\\nsplendor, or with more brilliant prospects of a\\nlife replete with happiness. She was a child\\nof great vivacity and beauty, full of light-heart-\\nedness, and ever prone to look upon the sunny\\nside of every prospect. Her disposition was\\nfrank, cordial, and affectionate. Her mental\\nZ Antoinette", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "10 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nendowments were by nature of a very superior\\norder. Laughing at the restraints of royal eti-\\nquette, she, by her generous and confiding\\nspirit, won the love of all hearts. Maria An-\\ntoinette was but slightly acquainted with her\\nimperial mother, and could regard her with no\\nother emotions than those of respect and awe\\nbut the mild and gentle spirit of her father\\ntook in her heart a mother s place, and she\\nclung to him with the most ardent affection.\\nWhen she was but ten years of age, her\\nfather was one day going to Inspruck upon\\nsome business. The royal cavalcade was drawn\\nup in the courtyard of the palace. The em-\\nperor had entered his carriage, surrounded by\\nhis retinue, and was just on the point of leav-\\ning, when he ordered the postillions to delay,\\nand requested an attendant to bring to him his\\nlittle daughter Maria Antoinette. The bloom-\\ning child was brought from the nursery, with\\nher flaxen hair in ringlets clustered around her\\nshoulders, and presented to her father. As\\nshe entwined her arms around his neck and\\nclung to his embrace, he pressed her most ten-\\nderly to his bosom, saying, Adieu, my dear\\nlittle daughter. Father wished once more to\\npress you to his heart. The emperor and his\\nchild never met again. At Inspruck Francis\\nwas taken suddenly ill, and, after a few days\\nsickness, died. The grief of Maria Antoinette\\nknew no bounds. But the tears of childhood", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 11\\nsoon dried up. The parting scene, however,\\nproduced an impression upon Maria which was\\nnever effaced, and she ever spoke of her father\\nin terms of the warmest affection.\\nMaria Theresa, half-conscious of the imper-\\nfect manner in which she performed her mater-\\nnal duties, was very solicitous to have it under-\\nstood that she did not neglect her children;\\nthat she was the best mother in the world as\\nwell as the most illustrious sovereign. When\\nany distinguished stranger from the other\\ncourts of Europe visited Vienna, she arranged\\nher sixteen children around the dinner table,\\ntowering above them in queenly majesty, and\\nendeavored to convey the impression that they\\nwere the especial objects of her motherly care.\\nIt was not, however, the generous warmth of\\nlove, -but the cold sense of duty, which alone\\nregulated her conduct in reference to them, and\\nshe had probably convinced herself that she\\ndischarged her maternal obligations with the\\nmost exemplary fidelity.\\nThe family physician every morning visited\\neach one of the children, and then briefly re-\\nported to the empress the health of the arch-\\ndukes and the archduchesses. This report\\nfully satisfied all the yearnings of maternal\\nlove in the bosom of Maria Theresa; though\\nshe still, that she might not fail in the least\\ndegree in motherly affection, endeavored to see\\nthem with her own eyes, and to speak to them", "height": "2984", "width": "2181", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "13 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwith her own lips, as often as once in a week\\nor ten days. The preceptors and governesses\\nof the royal household, being thus left very\\nmuch to themselves, were far more anxious to\\ngratify the immediate wishes of the children,\\nand thus to secure their love, than to urge\\nthem to efforts for intellectual improvement.\\nMaria Antoinette, in subsequent life, related\\nmany amusing anecdotes illustrative of the\\npetty artifices by which the scrutiny of the em-\\npress was eluded. The copies which were pre-\\nsented to the queen in evidence of the progress\\nthe children were making in handwriting were\\nall traced first in pencil by the governess.\\nThe children then followed with the pen over\\nthe penciled lines. Drawings were exhibited,\\nbeautifully executed, to show the skill Maria\\nAntoinette had attained in that delightful ac-\\ncomplishment, which drawings the pencil of\\nMaria had not even touched. She was also\\niaught to address strangers of distinction in\\nshort Latin phrases, when she did not under-\\nstand the meaning of one single word of the\\nlanguage. Her teacher of Italian, the Abbe\\nMetastasio, was the only one who was faithful\\nin his duties, and Maria made very great pro-\\nficiency in that language. French being the\\nlanguage of the nursery, Maria necessarily ac-\\nquired the power of speaking it with great\\nfluency, though she was quite unable to write\\nit correctly, In the acquisition of French, her", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 13\\nown mother tongue, the German, was so totally\\nneglected, that, incredible as it may seem, she\\nactually lost the power either of speaking or of\\nunderstanding it. In after years, chagrined at\\nsuch unutterable folly, she sat down with great\\nresolution to the study of her own native tongue,\\nand encountered all the difficulties which\\nwould tax the patience of any foreigner in the\\nattempt. She persevered for about six weeks,\\nand then relinquished the enterprise in despair.\\nThe young princess was extremely fond of\\nmusic, and yet she was not taught to play well\\nupon any instrument. This became subse-\\nquently a source of great mortification to her,\\nfor she was ashamed to confess her ignorance\\nof an accomplishment deemed, in the courts of\\nEurope, so essential to a polished education,\\nand yet she dared not sit down to any instru-\\nment in the presence of others. When she\\nfirst arrived at Versailles as the bride of the\\nheir to the throne of France, she was so deeply\\nmortified at this defect in her education, that\\nshe immediately employed a teacher to give\\nher lessons secretly for three months. During\\nthis time she applied herself to her task with\\nthe utmost assiduity, and at the end of the\\ntime gave surprising proof of the skill she had\\nso rapidly attained. Upon all the subjects of\\nhistory, science, and general literature, the\\nprincess was left entirely uninformed. The\\nactivity and energy of her mind only led her", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "14 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe more poignantly to feel the mortification to\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2which this ignorance often exposed her. When\\nsurrounded by the splendors of royalty, she\\nfrequently retired to weep over deficiencies\\nwhich it was too late to repair. The wits of\\nParis seized upon these occasional develop-\\nments of the want of mental culture as the in-\\ndication of a weak mind, and the daughter of\\nMaria Theresa, the descendant of the Csesars,\\nwas the butt, in salon and caf6, of merriment\\nand song. Maria was beautiful and graceful,\\nand winning in all her ways. But this imper-\\nfect education, exposing her to contempt and\\nridicule in the society of intellectual men and\\nwomen, was not among the unimportant ele-\\nments which conduced to her own ruin, to the\\noverthrow of the French throne, and to that\\ndeluge of blood which for many years rolled\\nits billows incarnadine over Europe.\\nMaria Theresa had sent to Paris for two\\nteachers of French to instruct her daughter in\\nthe literature of that country over which she\\nwas destined to reign. From that pleasure-\\nloving metropolis two play actors were sent to\\ntake charge of her education, one of whom was\\na man of notoriously dissolute character. As\\nthe connection between Maria Antoinette and\\nLouis, the heir apparent to the throne of\\nFrance, was already contemplated, some soli-\\ncitude was felt by members of the court of Yer-\\nsailles in reference to the impropriety of this", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 15\\nselection, and the French ambassador at Yienna\\nwas requested to urge the empress to dismiss\\nthe obnoxious teachers, and make a different\\nchoice. She immediately complied with the\\nrequest, and sent to the Duke de Choiseul, the\\nminister of state of Louis XV., to send a pre-\\nceptor such as would be acceptable to the court\\nof Versailles. After no little difficulty in find-\\ning one in whom all parties could unite, the\\nAbbe de Vermond was selected a vain, ambi-\\ntious, weak-minded man, who, by the most\\nstudied artifice, insinuated himself into the\\ngood graces of Maria Theresa, and gained a\\ngreat but pernicious influence over the mind of\\nhis youthful pupil. The cabinets of France\\nand Austria having decided the question that\\nMaria Antoinette was to be the bride of Louis,\\nwho was soon to ascend the throne of France,\\nthe Abbe de Vermond, proud of his position\\nas the intellectual and moral guide of the des-\\ntined Queen of France, shamefully abused\\nhis trust, and sought only to obtain an abiding\\ninfluence, which he might use for the promo-\\ntion of his own ambition. He carefully kept\\nher in ignorance, to render himself more nec-\\nessary to her; and he was never unwilling to\\ninvolve her in difficulties, that she might be\\nunder the necessity of appealing to him for\\nextrication.\\nInstead of endeavoring to prepare her for\\nthe situation she was destined to fill, it seemed", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "16 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nto be his aim to train her to snch habits of\\nthought and feeling as would totally incapaci-\\ntate her to be happy, or to acquire an influence\\nover the gay but ceremony-loving assemblages\\nof the Tuileries, Versailles, and St. Cloud. At\\nthis time, the fashion of the French court led\\nto extreme attention to all the punctilios of\\netiquette. Every word, every gesture, was\\nregulated by inflexible rule. Every garment\\nworn, and every act of life, was regulated by\\nthe requisitions of the code ceremonial. Vir-\\ntue was concealed and vice garnished by the\\ninflexible observance of stately forms. An in-\\nfringement of the laws of etiquette was deemed\\na far greater crime than the most serious vio-\\nlation of the laws of morality. In the court\\nof Vienna, on the other hand, fashion ran to\\njust the other extreme. It was fashionable to\\ndespise fashion. It was etiquette to pay no\\nregard to etiquette. The haughty Austrian\\nnoble prided himself in dressing as he pleased,\\nand looked with contempt upon the studied at-\\ntitudes and foppish attire of the French. The\\nParisian courtier, on the other hand, rejoicing\\nin his ruffles, and ribbons, and practiced move-\\nments, despised the boorish manners, as he\\ndeemed them, of the Austrian.\\nThe Abbe de Vermond, to ingratiate himself\\nwith the Austrian court, did all in his power\\nto inspire Maria Antoinette with contempt of\\nParisian manners. He zealously conformed", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 17\\nto the customs prevailing in Vienna, and, like\\nall new converts to prove the sincerity of his\\nconversion, went far in advance of his sect in\\nintemperate zeal. Maria Antoinette was but\\na child, mirthful, beautiful, open hearted, and,\\nlike all other children, loving freedom from\\nrestraint. Her preceptor ridiculed inces-\\nsantly, mercilessly, the manners of the French\\ncourt, where she was soon to reign as queen,\\nand influenced her to despise that salutary re-\\ngard to appearances so essential in all refined\\nlife. Under this tutelage, Maria became as\\nnatural, unguarded, and free as a mountain\\nmaid. She smiled or wept, as the mood was\\nupon her. She was cordial toward those she\\nloved, and distant and reserved toward those\\nshe despised. She cared not to repress her\\nemotions of sadness or mirthfulness as occa-\\nsions arose to excite them. She was conscien-\\ntious, and unwilling to do that which she\\nthought to be wrong, and still she was impru-\\ndent, and troubled not herself with the inter-\\npretation which others might put upon her\\nconduct. She prided herself a little upon her\\nindependence and recklessness of the opinions\\nof others, and thus she was ever incurring un-\\ndeserved censure, and becoming involved in\\nunmerited difficulties. She was, in heart,\\ntruly a noble girl. Her faults were the ex-\\ncesses of a generous and magnanimous spirit.\\nThough she inherited much of the imperial", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "IS MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nenergy of her mother, it was tempered and\\nadorned with the mildness and affectionateness\\nof her father. Her education had necessarily\\ntended to induce her to look down with aris-\\ntocratic pride upon those beneath her in rank\\nin life, and to dream that the world and all it\\ninherits was intended for the exclusive benefit\\nof kings and queens. Still, the natural good-\\nness of her heart ever led her to acts of kind-\\nness and generosity. She thus won the love,\\nalmost without seeking it, of all who knew her\\nwell. Her faults were the unavoidable effect\\nof her birth, her education, and all those\\nnameless but untoward influences which sur-\\nrounded her from the cradle to the grave.\\nHer virtues were all her own, the instinctive\\nemotions of a frank, confiding, and magnani-\\nmous spirit.\\nThe childhood of Maria Antoinette was prob-\\nably, on the whole, as happy as often falls to\\nthe lot of humanity. As she had never known\\na mother s love, she never felt its loss. There\\nare few more enchanting abodes upon the sur-\\nface of the globe than the pleasure palaces of\\nthe Austrian kings. Forest and grove, garden\\nand wild, rivulet and lake, combine all their\\ncharms to lend fascination to those haunts of\\nregal festivity. In the palace of Schoenbrun\\nand in the embowered gardens which surround\\nthat world-renowned habitation of princely\\ngrandeur, Maria passed many of the years of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. 19\\nher childhood. Now she trod the graveled\\nwalk, pursuing the butterfly, and gathering the\\nflowers, with brothers and sisters joining in the\\nrecreation. Now the feet of her pony scattered\\nthe pebbles of the path, as the little troop of\\nequestrians cantered beneath the shade of ma-\\njestic elms. Now the prancing steeds draw\\nthem in the chariot, through the infinitely\\ndiversified drives, and the golden leaves of\\nautumn float gracefully through the still air\\nupon their heads. The boat, with damask\\ncushions and silken awning, invites them upon\\nthe lake. The strong arms of the rowers bear\\nthem with fairy motion to sandy beach and\\njutting headland, to island, and rivulet, and\\nbay, while swans and waterfowl, of every va-\\nriety of plumage, sport before them and around\\nthem. Such were the scenes in which Maria\\nAntoinette passed the first fourteen years of\\nher life. Every want which wealth could\\nsupply was gratified What a destiny! ex-\\nclaimed a Frenchman, as he looked upon one\\nsimilarly situated, what a destiny! young,\\nrich, beautiful, and an archduchess! Ma foil\\nquel destinSr\\nThe personal appearance of Maria Antoin-\\nette, as she bloomed into womanhood, is thus\\ndescribed by Lamartine. Her beauty daz-\\nzled the whole kingdom. She was of a tall,\\ngraceful figure, a true daughter of the Tyrol.\\nThe natural majesty of her carriage destroyed", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "20 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nnone of the graces of her movements; her\\nneck, rising elegantly and distinctly from her\\nshoulders, gave expression to every attitude.\\nThe woman was perceptible beneath the queen,\\nthe tenderness of heart was not lost in the\\nelevation of her destiny. Her light brown hair\\nwas long and silky; her forehead, high and\\nrather projecting, was united to her temples by\\nthose fine curves which give so much delicacy\\nand expression to that seat of thought, or the\\nsoul in woman her eyes, of that clear blue\\nwhich recall the skies of the north or the\\nwaters of the Danube; an aquiline nose, the\\nnostrils open and slightly projecting, where\\nemotions palpitate and courage is evidenced\\na large mouth, Austrian lips, that is, project-\\ning and well defined an oval countenance, an-\\nimated, varying, impassioned, and the ensem-\\nble of these features, replete with that expres-\\nsion, impossible to describe, which emanates\\nfrom the look, the shades, the reflections of\\nthe face, which encompasses it with an iris\\nlike that of the warm and tinted vapor, which\\nbathes objects in full sunlight the extreme\\nloveliness which the ideal conveys, and which,\\nby giving it life, increases its attraction.\\nWith all these charms, a soul yearning to at-\\ntach itself, a heart easily moved, but yet earn-\\nest in desire to fix itself; a pensive and intelli-\\ngent smile, with nothing of vacuity in it, be-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "PARENTAGE AND CHILDHOOD. ^1\\ncause it felt itself worthy of friendships. Such\\nwas Maria Antoinette as a woraan.\\nWhen but fourteen years of age she was\\naffianced as the bride of young Louis, the\\ngrandson of Louis XV., and heir apparent to\\nthe throne of France. Neither of the youthful\\ncouple had ever seen each other, and neither of\\nthem had anything to do in forming the con-\\nnection. It was deemed expedient by the\\ncabinets of Versailles and Vienna that the two\\nshould be united, in order to promote friendly\\nalliance between France and Austria. Maria\\nAntoinette had never dreamed even of question-\\ning any of her mother s arrangements, and\\nconsquently she had no temptation to consider\\nwhether she liked or disliked the plan. She\\nhad been trained to the most unhesitating sub-\\nmission to maternal authority. The childish\\nheart of the mirth-loving princess was doubt-\\nless dazzled with the anticipations of the splen-\\ndors which awaited her at Versailles and St.\\nCloud. But when she bade adieu to the gar-\\ndens of Schoenbrun, and left the scenes of her\\nchildhood, she entered upon one of the wildest\\ncareers of terror and of suffering which mortal\\nfootsteps have ever trod. The parting from\\nher mother gave her no especial pain, for she\\nhad ever looked up to her as to a superior\\nbeing, to whom she was bound to render hom-\\nage and obedience; rather than as to a mother\\naround whom the affections of her heart were", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "22\\nMARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nentwined. But she loved her brothers and\\nsisters most tenderly. She was extremely at-\\ntached to the happy home where her childish\\nRoom in the Palace of Schoenbrun.\\nheart had basked in all childish pleasures, and\\nmany were the tears she shed when she looked\\nback from the eminences which surround\\nVienna upon those haunts to which she was\\ndestined never again to return.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEK n.\\nBKIDAL DAYS.\\nWhen Maria Antoinette was fifteen years of\\nage, a light-hearted, blooming, beautiful girl,\\nhardly yet emerging from the period of child-\\nhood, all Austria, indeed all Europe, was in-\\nterested in the preparations for her nuptials\\nwith the destined King of France. Louis XV.\\nstill sat upon the throne of Charlemagne. His\\neldest son had died about ten years before,\\nleaving a little boy, some twelve years of age,\\nto inherit the crown his father -had lost by\\ndeath. The young Louis, grandchild of the\\nreigning king, was mild, inoffensive, and bash-\\nful, with but little energy of mind, with no\\nardor of feeling, and singularly destitute of all\\npassion. He was perfectly exemplary in his\\nconduct, perhaps not so much from inherent\\nstrength of principle as from possessing that\\npeculiarity of temperament, cold and phleg-\\nmatic, which feels not the power of tempta-\\ntion. He submitted passively to the arrange-\\nments for his marriage, never manifesting the\\n3\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "24 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nslightest emotion of pleasure or repugnance in\\nview of his approaching alliance with one of\\nthe roost beautiful and fascinating princesses\\nof Europe. Louis was entirely insensible to all\\nthe charms of female beauty, and seemed in-\\ncapable of feeling the emotion of love.\\nLouis XY., a pleasure-loving, dissolute\\nman, had surrounded his throne with all the\\nattractions of fashionable indulgence and dis-\\nsipation. There was one woman in his court,\\nMadame du Barri, celebrated in the annals of\\nprofligacy, who had acquired an entire ascend-\\nency over the mind of the king. The disrep-\\nutable connection existing between her and the\\nmonarch excluded her from respect, and yet\\nthe king loaded her with honors, received her\\nat his table, and forced her society upon all\\nthe inmates of the palace. The court was full\\nof jealousies and bickerings; and while one\\nparty were disposed to welcome Maria Antoin-\\nette, hoping that she would espouse and\\nstrengthen their cause, the other party looked\\nupon her with suspicion and hostility, and\\nprepared to meet her with all the weapons of\\nannoyance.\\nNeither morals nor religion were then of any\\nrepute in the court of France. Vice did not\\neven affect concealment. The children of\\nLouis XY. were educated, or rather not edu-\\ncated, in a nunnery. The Princess Louisa,\\nwhen twelve years of age, knew not the letters", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Maria Antomett\\nMaria Antoinette Leaving Schoenbrun.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 25\\nof her alphabet. When the children did\\nwrong, the sacred sisters sent them, for pen-\\nance, into the dark, damp, and gloomy sepul-\\ncher of the convent, where the remains of the\\ndeparted nuns were moldering to decay. Here\\nthe timid and superstitious girls, in an agony\\nof terror, were sent alone, to make expiation\\nfor some childish offense. The little Princess\\nVictoire, who was of a very nervous tempera-\\nment, was thrown into convulsions by this\\nharsh treatment, and the injury to her nerv-\\nous system was so irreparable, that during her\\nwhole life she was exposed to periodical parox-\\nysms of panic terror.\\nOne day the king, when sitting with Madame\\ndu Barri, received a package of letters. The\\npetted favorite, suspecting that one of them\\nwas from an enemy of hers, snatched the\\npacket from the king s hand. As he en-\\ndeavored to regain it, she resisted, and ran\\ntwo or three times around the table, which was\\nin the center of the room, eagerly pursued by\\nthe irritated monarch. At length, in the ex-\\ncitement of this most strange conflict, she\\nthrew the letters into the glowing fire of the\\ngrate, where they were all consumed. The\\nking, enraged beyond endurance, seized her by\\nthe shoulders, and thrust her violently out of\\nthe room. After a few hours, however, the\\nweak-minded monarch called upon her. The\\ncountess, trembling in view of her dismissal,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "26 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwith its dreadful consequences of disgrace and\\nbeggary, threw herself at his feet, bathed in\\ntears, and they were reconciled.\\nThe remaining history of this celebrated\\nwoman is so remarkable that we cannot refrain\\nfrom briefly recording it. Her marvelous\\nbeauty had inflamed the passions of the king,\\nand she had obtained so entire an ascendency\\nover his mind that she was literally the mon-\\narch of France. The treasures of the empire\\nwere emptied into her lap. Notwithstanding\\nthe stigma attached to her position, the nation,\\naccustomed to this laxity of morals, submitted\\nto the yoke. As the idol of the king, and the\\ndiapenser of honors and powers, the clergy,\\nthe nobility, the philosophers, all did her\\nhomage. She was still young, and in all the\\nsplendor of her ravishing beauty, when the\\nking died. For the sake of appearances, she\\nretired for a few months into a nunnery.\\nSoon, however, she emerged again into the\\ngay world. Her limitless power over the\\nvoluptuous old monarch had enabled her to\\namass an enormous fortune. With this she\\nreared and embellished for herself a magnifi-\\ncent retreat, adorned with more than regal\\nsplendor, in the vicinity of Paris the Pavil-\\nion de Luciennes, on the borders of the forest\\nof St. Germain. The old Duke de Brissac,\\nwho had long been an admirer of her charms,\\nhere lived with her in unsanctified union.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 27\\nAlmost universal corruption at that time per-\\nvaded the nobility of France one of the excit-\\ning causes of the Revolution. Though ex-\\ncluded from appearing at the court of Louis\\nXVI. and Maria Antoinette, her magnificent\\nsalons were crowded by those ever ready to\\nworship at the shrine of wealth, and rank, and\\npower. But, as the stormy days of the Revo-\\nlution shed their gloom over France, and an\\ninfuriated populace were wreaking their venge-\\nance upon the throne and the nobles, Madame\\ndu Barri, terrified by the scenes of violence\\ndaily occurring, prepared to fly from France.\\nShe invested enormous funds in England, and\\none dark night went out with the Duke de\\nBrissac alone, and, by the dim light of a lan-\\ntern they dug a hole under the foot of a tree in\\nthe park, and buried much of the treasure\\nwhich she was unable to take away with her.\\nIn disguise, she reached the coast of France,\\nand escaped across the Channel to England.\\nHere she devoted her immense revenue to the\\nrelief of the emigrants who were every day fly-\\ning in dismay from the horrors with which\\nthey were surrounded. The Duke de Brissac,\\nwho was commander of the constitutional guard\\nof the king, appeared at Versailles in an hour\\nof great excitement. The mob attacked him.\\nHe was instantly assassinated. His head,\\ncovered with the white locks of age, was cut\\noff, and planted ujDon one of the palisades of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "28 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe palace gates, a fearful warning to all who\\nwere suspected of advocating the cause of tlie\\nking.\\nAnd now no one knew of the buried treasure\\nbut Madame du Barri herself. She, anxious\\nto regain them, ventured, in disguise, to return\\nto France to disinter her diamonds, and take\\nthem with her to England. A young negro\\nservant, whom she had pamiDered with every\\nindulgence, and had caressed with the fond-\\nness with which a mother fondles her child,\\nwhom she had caused to be painted by her\\nside in her portraits, saw his mistress and be-\\ntrayed her. She was immediately seized by\\nthe mob, and dragged before the revolutionary\\ntribunal of Luciennes. She was condemned\\nas a Eoyalist, and was hurried along in the\\ncart of the condemned, amid the execrations\\nand jeers of the delirious mob, to the guillo-\\ntine. Her long hair was shorn, that the action\\nof the knife might be unimpeded; but the\\nclustering ringlets, in beautiful profusion, fell\\nover her brow and temples, and veiled her vo-\\nluptuous features and bare bosom, from which\\nthe executioner had torn the veil. The yells\\nof the infuriated and deriding populace filled\\nthe air, as they danced exultingly around the\\naristocratic courtesan. But the shrieks of the\\nunhappy victim pierced shrilly through them\\nall. She was frantic with terror. Her whole\\nsoul was unnerved, and not one emotion of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 20\\nfortitude remained to sustain the woman of\\npleasure through her dreadful doom. With\\nfloods of tears, and gestures of despair, and\\nbeseeching, heart-rending cries, she incessantly\\nexclaimed, Life life life! Oh, save me!\\nsave me! The mob jeered, and derided, and\\ninsulted her in every conceivable way. They\\nmade themselves merry with her anguish and\\nterror. They shouted witticisms in her ear\\nrespecting the pillow of the guillotine upon\\nwhich she was to repose her head. Struggling\\nand shrieking, she was bound to the plank.\\nSuddenly her voice was hushed. The dis-\\nsevered head, dripping with blood, fell into the\\nbasket, and her soul was in eternity. Poor\\nwoman It is easy to condemn. It is better\\nfor the heart to pity. Endowed with almost\\ncelestial beauty, living in a corrupt age, and\\nlured, when a child, by a monarch s love, she\\nfell. It is well to weep over her sad fate, and to\\nremember the prayer, **Lead us not into temp-\\ntation.\\nSuch were the characters and such the state\\nof morals of the court into which this beauti-\\nful and artless princess, Maria Antoinette, but\\nfifteen years of age, was to be introduced. As\\nshe- left the palaces of Vienna to encounter the\\ntemptations of the Tuileries and Versailles,\\nMaria Theresa wrote the following characteris-\\ntic letter to the future iusband of her daugh-\\nter.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "30 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\n**Youf bride, dear dauphin, is separated\\nfrom me. As she has ever been my delight, so\\nwill she be your happiness. For this purpose\\nhave I educated her; for I have long been\\naware that she was to be the companion of\\nyour life. I have enjoined upon her, as among\\nher highest duties, the most tender attachment\\nto your person, the greatest attention to every-\\nthing that can please or make you happy.\\nAbove all, I have recommended to her humility\\ntoward God, because I am convinced that it is\\nimpossible for us to contribute to the happi-\\nness of the subjects confided to us without love\\nto Him who breaks the scepters and crushes\\nthe thrones of kings according to His will.\\nThe great mass of the Austrian population,\\nhating the French, with whom they had long\\nbeen at war, were exceedingly averse to this\\nmarriage. As the train of royal carriages was\\ndrawn up, on the morning of her departure, to\\nconvey the bride to Paris, an immense assem-\\nblage of the populace of Vienna men, wom-\\nen, and children surnjunded the corUge with\\nweeping and lamentation. Loyalty was then\\nan emotion existing in the popular mind with\\nan intensity which now can hardly be con-\\nceived. At length, in the excitement of their\\nfeelings, to save the beloved princess from a\\ndoom which they deemed dreadful, they made\\na rush toward the carriages to cut the traces\\nand thus to prevent the departure. The guard", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 31\\nwas compelled to interfere, and repel, with\\nviolence, the affectionate mob. As the long an^\\nsplendid train, preceded and followed by\\nsquadrons of horse, disappeared through the\\ngate of th6 city, a universal feeling of sadness\\noppressed the capital. The people returned\\nto their homes silent and dejected, as if they\\nhad been witnessing the obsequies rather than\\nthe nuptials of the beloved princess.\\nThe gorgeous cavalcade proceeded to Kell, on\\nthe frontiers of Austria and France. There a\\nmagnificent pavilion had been erected, consist-\\ning of a vast salon, with an apartment at\\neither end. One of these apartments was as-\\nsigned to the lords and ladies of the court of\\nVienna; the other was appropriated to the\\nbrilliant train which had come from Paris to\\nreceive the bride. The two courts vied with\\neach other in the exhibition of wealth and\\nmagnificence. It was an established law of\\nFrench etiquette, always observed on such oc-\\ncasions, that the royal bride should receive her\\nwedding dress from France, and should retain\\nabsolutely nothing belonging to a foreign\\ncourt. The princess was, consequently, in the\\npavilion appropriated to the Austrian suite,\\nTinrobed of all her garments, excepting her\\nbody linen and stockings. The door was then\\nthrown open, and in this plight the beautiful\\nand blushing child advanced into the salon.\\nThe French ladies rushed to meet her. Maria", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "32 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthrew herself iDtotbe arms of the Countess de\\nNgailles and wept convulsively. The French\\nwere perfectly enchanted with her beauty and\\nthe proud position of her head and shoulders\\nbetrayed to their eyes the daughter of the\\nCaesars. She was immediately conducted to\\nthe apartment appropriated to the French\\ncourt. Here the few remaining articles of\\nclothing were removed from her person, and\\nshe was redressed in the most brilliant attire\\nwhich the wealth of the French monarchy could\\nfurnish.\\nAnd now, charioted in splendor, surrounded\\nby the homage of lords and ladies, accom-\\npanied by all the pomp of civic and military\\nparade, and enlivened by the most exultant\\nstrains of martial bands, Maria was conducted\\ntoward Paris, while her Austrian friends bade\\nher adieu and returned to Vienna. The hori-\\nzon, by night, was illumined by bonfires, flam-\\ning upon every hill; the church bells rang\\ntheir merriest peals cities blazed with illumi-\\nnations and fireworks; and files of maidens\\nlined her way, singing their songs of welcome,\\nand carpeting her path with roses. It was a\\nscene to dazzle the most firm and contempla-\\ntive. No dream of romance could have been\\nmore bewildering to the ardent and romantic\\nprincess, just emerging from the cloistered se-\\nclusion of the palace nursery.\\nLouis, then a youiig jaan about twenty years", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "Maria Antoinette\\nLouis XVI., King of France.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 33\\nof age, came from Paris with his grandfather,\\nKing Louis XY., and a splendid retinue of\\ncourtiers, as far as Compiegne, to meet his\\nbride. Uninfluenced by any emotions of ten-\\nderness, apparently entirely unconscious of all\\nthose mysterious emotions which bind loving\\nhearts, he saluted the stranger with cold and\\ndistant respect. He thought not of wounding\\nher feelings; he had no aversion to the con-\\nnection, but he seemed not even to think of\\nany more intimacy with Maria than with any\\nother lady who adorned the court. The ardent\\nand warm-hearted princess was deeply hurt at\\nthis indifference but instinctive pride forbade\\nits manifestation, except in bosom converse to\\na few confiding friends.\\nThe bride and her passive and unimpas-\\nsioned bridegroom were conducted to Yersailles.\\nIt was the 16th of May, 1770, when the\\nmarriage ceremony was performed, with all the\\nsplendor with which it could be invested.\\nThe gorgeous palaces of Versailles were\\nthronged with the nobility of Europe, and\\nfilled with rejoicing. The old king was\\ncharmed with the beauty and affability of the\\nyoung bride. All hearts were filled with hap-\\npiness, except those of the newly married\\ncouple. Louis was tranquil and contented.\\nHe was neither allured nor repelled by his\\nbride. He never sought her society alone, and\\never approached her with the same distance", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "34 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nand reserve with which he would approach any-\\nother young lady who was a visitor at the\\npalace. He never intruded upon the privacy\\nof her apartments, and she was his wife but in\\nname. While all France was filled with the\\npraises of her beauty, and all eyes were en-\\nchanted by her graceful demeanor, her husband\\nalone was insensible to her charms. After a\\nfew days spent with the rejoicing court, amid\\nthe bowers and fountains of Versailles, the\\nnuptial party departed for Paris, and entered\\nthe palace of the Tuileries, the scene of future\\nsorrows such as few on earth have ever experi-\\nenced.\\nAs Maria, in dazzling beauty, entered Paris,\\nthe whole city was in a delirium of pleasure.\\nTriumphal arches greeted her progress. The\\nacclamations of hundreds of thousands filled\\nthe air. The journals exhausted the French\\nlanguage in extolling her loveliness. Poets\\nsang her charms, and painters vied with each\\nother in transferring her features to canvas.\\nAs Maria sat in the dining salon of the Tuil-\\neries at the marriage entertainment, the shouts\\nof the immense assemblage thronging the gar-\\ndens rendered it necessary for her to present\\nherself to them upon the balcony. She\\nstepped from the window, and looked out upon\\nthe vast sea of heads which filled the garden\\nand the Place Louis XV. All eyes were\\nriveted upon her as she stood before the throng", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 35\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2upon the balcony in dazzling beauty, and the\\nair resounded with applauses. She exclaimed,\\nwith astonishment, What a concourse!\\nMadame, said the governor of Paris, I\\nmay tell you, without fear of offending the\\ndauphin, that they are so many lovers. The\\nheir apparent to the throne of France is called\\nthe dauphin; and, until the death of Louis\\nXV., Louis and Maria Antoinette were called\\nthe dauphin and dauphiness. Louis seemed\\nneither pleased nor displeased with the accla-\\nmations and homage which his bride received.\\nHis singularly passionless nature led him to\\nretirement and his books, and he hardly heard\\neven the acclamations with which Paris was\\nfilled.\\nArrangements had been made for a very bril-\\nliant display of fireworks, in celebration of the\\nmarriage, at the Place Louis XV. The hun-\\ndreds of thousands of that pleasure-loving\\nmetropolis thronged the Place and all its\\navenues. The dense mass was wedged as com-\\npactly as it was possible to crowd human\\nbeings together. Not a spot of ground was\\nleft vacant upon which a human foot could be\\nplanted. Every house top, every balcony,\\nevery embrasure of a window swarmed with the\\nmultitude. Long lines of omnibuses, coaches,\\nand carriages of every description, filled with\\ngroups of young and old, were intermingled\\nwith the countless multitude men and horses", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "36 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nSO crowded into contact that neither could\\nmove. It was an impervious ocean of throb-\\nbing life. In the ceEter of this Place, the\\npride of Paris, the scene of its most trium-\\nphant festivities and its most unutterable woe,\\nvast scaffolds had been reared, and they were\\nburdened with fireworks, intended to surpass\\nin brilliancy and sublimity any spectacle of\\nthe kind earth had ever before witnessed.\\nSuddenly a bright flame was seen, a shriek\\nwas heard, and the whole scaffolding, by some\\naccidental spark, was enveloped in a sheet of\\nfire. Then ensued such a scene as no pen can\\ndescribe and no imagination paint. The awful\\nconflagration converted all the ministers of\\npleasure into messengers of death. Thou-\\nsands of rockets filled the air, and, with almost\\nthe velocity of lightning, pierced their way\\nthrough the shrieking, struggling, terror-\\nstricken crowd. Fiery serpents, more terri-\\nble, more deadly than the fabled dragons of old,\\nhissed through the air, clung to the dresses of\\nthe ladies, enveloping them in flames, and\\nmercilessly burning the flesh to the bone.\\nMines exploded under the hoofs of the horses,\\nscattering destruction and death on every side.\\nEvery species of fire was rained down, a horri-\\nble tempest, upon the immovable mass.\\nShrieks from the wounded and the dying filled\\nthe air; and the mighty multitude swayed to\\nand fro, in herculean, yet unavailing efforts", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 37\\nto escape. The horses, maddened with terror,\\nreared and plunged, crushing indiscriminately\\nbeneath their tread the limbs of the fallen.\\nThe young bride, in her carriage, with a bril-\\nliant retinue, and eager to witness the splen-\\ndor of the anticipated /e^e, had just ap-\\nproached the Place, when she was struck with\\nconsternation at the shrieks of death which\\nfilled the air, and at the scene of tumult and\\nterror which surrounded her. The horses\\nwere immediately turned, and driven back\\nagain with the utmost speed to the palace.\\nBut the awful cries of the dying followed her;\\nand it was long ere she could efface from her\\ndistracted imagination the impression of that\\nhour of horror. Fifty- three persons were\\nkilled outright by this sad casualty, and more\\nthan three hundred were dangerously wounded.\\nThe dauphin and dauphiness immediately sent\\ntheir whole income for the year to the unfor-\\ntunate relatives of those who had perished on\\nthat disastrous day.\\nThe old king was exceedingly i^leased with\\nthe beauty and fascinating frankness and cor-\\ndiality of Maria. He made her many magnifi-\\ncent presents, and, among others, with a mag-\\nnificent collar of pearls, the smallest of which\\nwas nearly as large as a walnut, which had\\nbeen brought into France by Anne of Austria.\\nThese praises and attentions on the part of the\\nking excited the jealousy of the petted favorite,\\n4 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "38 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nMadame du Barri. She consequents^ became,\\nwith the party under her influence, the relent-\\nless and unprincipled enemy of Maria. She\\nlost no opportunity to traduce her character.\\nShe spread reports everywhere that Maria\\nhated the French that she was an Austrian in\\nheart; that her frankness and freedom from\\nthe restraints of etiquette were the result of\\nan immoral and depraved mind. She exagger-\\nated her extravagance, and accused her, by\\nwhispers and insinuations spread far and near,\\nof the most ignoble crimes of which woman\\ncan be guilty. The young and inexperienced\\ndauphiness soon found herself involved in\\nmost embarrassing difficulties. She had no\\nkind friend to counsel her. Louis still re-\\nmained cold, distant, and reserved. Thus,\\nweek after week, month after month, year after\\nyear passed on, and for eight years Louis\\nnever approached his youthful spouse with any\\nmanifestation of confidence and affection but\\nthose with which he would regard a mother or\\na sister. Maria was a wife but in name. She\\ndid. not share his apartment or his couch.\\nThough deeply wounded by this inexplicable\\nneglect, she seldom spoke of it even to her\\nmost intimate friends. The involuntary sigh,\\nand the tear which often moistened her cheek,\\nproclaimed her inward sufferings.\\nWhen Maria first arrived in France, the\\nCountess de Noailles was assigned to her as", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 39\\nher lady of honor. She was somewhat ad-\\nvaDced in life, haughty aiad ceremonious, a\\nperfect mistress of that art of etiquette so\\nrigidly observed in the French court. Upon\\nher devolved the duty of instructing the dau-\\nphiness in all the punctilios of form, then\\ndeemed far more important than the requisi-\\ntions of morality. The following anecdote,\\nrelated by Madame Campan, illustrates the\\nridiculous excess to which these points of eti-\\nquette were carried. One winter s day, it\\nhappened that Maria Antoinette, who was en-\\ntirely disrobed in her dressing-room, was just\\ngoing to put on her body linen. Madame, the\\nlady in attendance, held it ready unfolded for\\nher. The dame d Jionneur came in. As she\\nwas of superior rank, etiquette required that\\nshe should enjoy the privilege of presenting\\nthe robe. She hastily slipped off her gloves,\\ntook the garment, and at that moment a rust-\\nling was heard at the door. It was opened,\\nand in came the Duchess d Orleans. She now\\nmust be the bearer of the garment. But the\\nlaws of etiquette would not allow the dame\\nd Tionneur to hand the linen directly to the\\nDuchess d Orleans. It must pass down the\\nvarious grades of rank to the lowest, and be\\npresented by her to the highest. The linen\\nwas consequently passed back again from one\\nto another, till it was placed in the hands of\\nthe duchess. She was just on the point of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "40 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nconveying ifc to its proper destination, when\\nsuddenly the door opened, and the Countess of\\nProvence entered. Again the linen passed\\nfrom hand to hand, till it reached the hands of\\nthe countess. She, perceiving the uncomfort-\\nable position of Maria, who sat shivering with\\ncold, with her hands crossed upon her bosom,\\nwithout stopping to remove her gloves,\\nplaced the linen upon the shoulders of the\\ndauphiness. She, however, was quite unable\\nto restrain her impatience, and exclaimed,\\nHow disagreeable, how tiresome!\\nAnother anecdote illustrates the character of\\nMadame de Noailles, who exerted so powerful\\nan influence upon the destiny of Maria\\nAntoinette. She was a woman of severe man-\\nners, but etiquette was the very atmosphere\\nshe breathed it was the soul of her existence.\\nThe slightest infringement of the rules of eti-\\nquette annoyed her almost beyond endurance.\\nOne day, says Madame Campan, I unin-\\ntentionally threw the poor lady into a terrible\\nagony. The queen was receiving, I know not\\nwhom some persons just presented, I believe.\\nThe ladies of the bedchamber were behind\\nthe queen. I was near the throne, with the\\ntwo ladies on duty. All was right; at least I\\nthought so. Suddenly I perceived the eyes of\\nMadame de Noailles fixed on mine. She made\\na sign with her head, and then raised her eye-\\nbrows to the top of her forehead, lowered", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 41\\nthem, raised them again, and then began to\\nmake little signs with her hand. From all\\nthis pantomime, I could easily perceive that\\nsomething was not as it should be ana as I\\nlooked about on all sides to lind oat what it\\nwas, the agitation of the countess kept in-\\ncreasing. Maria Antoinette, who perceived\\nall this, looked at me with a smile. I found\\nmeans to approach her, and she said to me, in\\na whisper, *Let down your lappets, or the\\ncountess will expire. All this bustle rose\\nfrom two unlucky pins, which fastened up my\\nlappets, while the etiquette of costume said\\nlappets hanging down.\\nOne can easily imagine the contempt with\\nwhich Maria, reared in the freedom of the\\nAustrian court, would regard these punctilios.\\nShe did not refrain from treating them with\\ngood-natured but unsparing ridicule, and thus\\nshe often deeply offended those stiff elderly\\nladies, who regarded these trifles, which they\\nhad been studying all their lives, with almost\\nreligious awe. She gave Madame de Noailles\\nthe nickname of Madame Etiquette, to the\\ngreat merriment of some of the courtiers and\\nthe great indignation of others. The more\\ngrave and stately matrons were greatly shocked\\nby these indiscretions on the part of the mirth-\\nloving queen.\\nOn one occasion, when a number of noble\\nladies were presented to Maria, the ludicrous", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "42 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nappearance of the venerable dowagers, with\\ntheir little black bonnets with great wings, and\\nthe entire of their grotesque dress and evolu-\\ntions, appealed so impressively to Maria s\\nsense of the ridiculous, that she, with the\\nutmost difficulty, refrained from open laughter.\\nBut when a young marchioness, full of fun\\nand frolic, whose office required that she\\nshould continue standing behind the queen,\\nbeing tired of the ceremony, seated herself\\nupon the floor, and, concealed behind the fence\\nof the enormous hoops of the attendant ladies,\\nbegan to play off all imaginable pranks with\\nthe ladies hoops, and with the muscles of her\\nown face, the contrast between these childish\\nfrolics and the stately dignity of the old dow-\\nagers so disconcerted the fun-loving Maria,\\nthat, notwithstanding all her efforts at self-\\ncontrol, she could not conceal an occasional\\nsmile. The old ladies were shocked and en-\\nraged. They declared that she had treated\\nthem with derision, that she had no sense of\\ndecorum, and that not one of them would ever\\nattend her court again. The next morning a\\nsong appeared, full of bitterness which was\\nspread through Paris. The following was the\\nchorus\\nLittle queen! you must not be\\nSo saucy with your twenty years;\\nYour ill-used courtiers soon will see\\nYou pass once Ddore the barriers.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 43\\nWhile Madame de Noailles was tlmg tortur-\\ning Maria Antoinette with her exactions, the\\nAbbe de Yermond, on the contrary, was exert-\\ning all the strong influence he had acquired\\nover her mind to induce her to despise these\\nrequirements of etiquette, and to treat them\\nwith open contempt. Maria Theresa, in the\\nspiritof independence which ever characterizes\\na strong mind, ordinarily lived like any other\\nlady, attending energetically to her duties\\nwithout any ostentation. She would ride\\nthrough the streets of Vienna unaccompanied\\nby any retinue; and the other members of the\\nroyal family, on all ordinary occasions, dis-\\npensed with the pomp and splendors of\\nroyalty. Maria Antoinette s education and\\nnatural disposition led her to adhere to the\\ncustoms of the court of her ancestors. Thus\\nwas she incessantly annoyed by the diverse in-\\nfluences crowding upon her. Following, how-\\never, the bent of her own inclinations, she\\ndaily made herself more and more unpopular\\nwith the haughty dames who surrounded her.\\nIt was a very great annoyance to Maria that\\nshe was compelled to dine every day as a public\\nspectacle. It must seem almost incredible to\\nan American eader that such a custom could\\never have existc i in France. The arrangement\\nwas this The cifferent members of the royal\\nfamily dined in different apartments: the\\nking and queen, with such as were admitted", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "44 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nto their table, in one room, the dauphin and\\ndauphiness in another, and other members of\\nthe royal family in another. Portions of\\nthese rooms were railed off, as in courthouses,\\npolice rooms, and menageries, for spectators.\\nThe good, honest people from the country,\\nafter visiting the menageries to see the lions,\\ntigers, and monkeys fed, hastened to the palace\\nto see the king and queen take their soup.\\nThey were always especially delighted with the\\nskill with which Louis XV. would strike off\\nthe top of his egg with one blow of his fork.\\nThis was the most valuable accomplishment the\\nmonarch over thirty millions of people pos-\\nsessed, and the one in which he chiefly gloried.\\nThe spectators entered at one door and passed\\nout at another. No respectably dressed person\\nAvas refused admission. The consequence was,\\nthat during the dining hour an interminable\\nthrong was pouring through the apartment\\nthose in the advance crowded slowly along by\\nthose in the rear, and all eyes riveted upon the\\nroyal feeders. The members of the royal\\nfamily of France, accustomed to this practice\\nfrom infancy, did not regard it at all. To\\nMaria Antoinette it was, however, excessively\\nannoying and though she submitted to it\\nwhile she was dauphiness, as soon as she\\nascended the throne she discontinued the prac-\\ntice. The people felt that they v/ere thus\\ndeprived of one of their inalienable privileges,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 45\\nand murmurs loud and angry rose against the\\ninnovating Austrian.\\nMuch of the time of Louis and his bride was\\npassed at the palaces of Versailles. This\\nrenowned residence of the royal family of\\nFrance is situated about ten miles from Paris,\\nin the midst of an extensive plain. Until the\\nmiddle of the seventeenth century it was only\\na small village. At this time Louis XIY. de-\\ntermined to erect upon this solitary spot a resi-\\ndence worthy of the grandeur of his throne.\\nSeven years were employed in completing the\\npalace, garden, and park. No expense was\\nspared by him or his successors to render it\\nthe most magnificent residence in Europe. No\\nregal mansion or city can boast a greater dis-\\nplay of reservoirs, fountains, gardens, groves,\\ncascades, and the various other embellishments\\nand appliances of pleasure. The situation of\\nthe principal palace is on a gentle elevation.\\nIts front and wings are of polished stone, or-\\nnamented with statues, and a colonnade of the\\nDoric order is in the center. The grand hall\\nis about two hundred and twenty feet in length,\\nwith costly decorations in marble, paintings,\\nand gilding. The other apartments are of\\ncorresponding size and elegance. This beauti-\\nful structure is approached by three magnifi-\\ncent avenues, shaded by stately trees, leading\\nrespectively from Paris, St. Cloud, and Yer-\\nsailles.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "46 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nThis gorgeous mansion of the monarchs of\\nFrance presents a front eight hundred feet in\\nlength, and has connected with it fifteen pro-\\njecting buildings of spacious dimensions, dec-\\norated with Ionic columns and pilasters, con-\\nstituting almost a city in itself. One great\\ngallery, adorned with statuary, paintings, and\\narchitectural embellishments is two hundred\\nand thirty-two feet long thirty broad and\\nthirty-seven high and lighted by seventeen\\nlarge windows. Many gorgeous salons, fur-\\nnished with the most costly splendor, a ban-\\nqueting room of the most spacious dimensions\\nwhere luxurious kings have long rioted in mid-\\nnight revels, an opera house and a chapel, whose\\nbeautifully fluted pillars support a dome which\\nis the admiration of all who look up upon its\\ngraceful beauty, combine to lend attractions to\\nthese royal abodes such as few other earthly\\nmansions can rival and none perhaps eclipse.\\nThe gardens in the midst of which this volup-\\ntuous residence reposes are equal in splendor\\nto the palace they are intended to adorn. Here\\nthe kings of France had rioted in boundless\\nprofusion, and every conceivable appliance of\\npleasure was collected in these abodes, from\\nwhich all thoughts of retribution were stu-\\ndiously excluded. The expense incurred in\\nrearing and embellishing this princely struc-\\nture has amounted to uncounted millions. But\\nwe must not forget that these millions were", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "M.ai Hi j\\\\.ii,toin,i,i,i,a. Fi ontupn ce\\nThe Arrest of the Royal Family at A^arennes. iSee p. 158.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 47\\nwrested from the toiling multitude, who dwelt\\nin mud hovels, and ate the coarsest food, that\\ntheir proud and licentious rulers might be\\nclothed in purple and fine linen, and fare\\nsumptuously every day. Such was the home\\nto which the beautiful Maria Antoinette, the\\nbride of fifteen, was introduced and in the\\nmidst of temptations to which such volup-\\ntuousness exposed her, she entered upon her\\ndark and gloomy career. This, however, was\\nbut one of her abodes. It was but one even of\\nher country seats. At Versailles there were\\nother palaces, in the construction and the em-\\nbellishment of which the revenues of the king-\\ndom had been lavished, and in whose luxurious\\nchambers all the laws of God had been openly\\nset at defiance by those earthly kings who ever\\nforgot that there was one enthroned above\\nthem as the King of kings.\\nWithin the circuit of the park are two\\nsmaller palaces, called the Great and the Little\\nTrianon. These may be called royal resi-\\ndences in miniature; seats to which the king\\nand queen retired when desirous of laying\\naside their rank and state. The Little Trianon\\nwas a beautiful palace, about eighty feet\\nsquare. It was built by Louis XY. for\\nMadame du Barri. Its architectural style was\\nthat of a Koman pavilion, and it was sur-\\nrounded with gardens ornamented in the high-\\nest attainments of French and English art,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "48 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ndiversified with temples, cottages, and cas-\\ncades. This was the favorite retreat of Maria\\nAntoinette. This she regarded as peculiarly her\\nhome. Here she was for a time comparatively\\nhappy. Though living in the midst of all the\\njealousies, and intrigues, and bickerings of a\\ncourt, and though in heart deeply pained by\\nthe strange indifference and neglect which her\\nhusband manifested toward her person, the\\nbuoyancy of her youthful spirit enabled her to\\ntriumph, in a manner, over those influences of\\ndepression, and she was the life and the orna-\\nment of every gay scene. As her mind had\\nbeen but little cultivated, she had but few re-\\nsources within herself to dispel that ennui\\nwhich is the great foe of the votaries of fash-\\nion and, unconscious of any other sources of\\nenjoyment, she plunged with all the zest of\\nnovelty into an incessant round of balls,\\noperas, theaters, and masquerades. Her\\nmind, by nature, was one of the noblest texture,\\nand by suitable culture might have exulted\\nin the appreciation of all that is beautiful and\\nsublime in the world of nature and in the\\nrealms of thought. She loved the retirement\\nof the Little Trianon. She loved, in the com-\\nparative quietude of that miniature palace, of\\nthat royal home, to shake off all the restraints\\nof regal state, and to live with a few choice\\nfriends in the freedom of a private lady. Un-\\nattended she rambled among the flowers of the", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 49\\ngarden; and in the bright moonlight, leaning\\nupon the arm of a female friend, she forgot,\\nas she gazed upon the moon, and the stars,\\nand all the somber glories of the night, that\\nshe was a queen, and rejoiced in those emotions\\ncommon to every ennobled spirit. Here she\\noften lingered in the midst of congenial joys,\\ntill the murmurs of courtiers drew her away to\\nthe more exciting, but far less satisfying scenes\\nof fashionable pleasure. She often lamented\\nbitterly, and even with tears, her want of in-\\ntellectual cultivation, and so painfully felt\\nhr inferiority when in the society of ladies of\\nintelligence and highly-disciplined minds,\\nthat she sought to surround herself with those\\nwhose tastes were no more intellectual than\\nher own. What a resource, she once ex-\\nclaimed, amid the casualties of life, is a well-\\ncultivated mind One can then be one s own\\ncompanion, and find society in one s own\\nthoughts. Here, in her Little Trianon, she\\nmade several unavailing attempts to retrieve,\\nby study, those hours of childhood which had\\nbeen lost. But it was too late. For a few\\ndays, with great zeal and self-denial, she would\\npersevere in secluding herself in the library\\nwith her books. But it was in vain for the\\nQueen of France to strive again to become a\\nschoolgirl. Those days had passed forever.\\nThe innumerable interruptions of her station\\nfrustrated all her endeavors, and she was com-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "50 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\npelled to abandon the attempt in sorrow and\\ndespair. We know not upon how trivial events\\nthe great destinies of the world are suspended;\\nand had the Queen of France possessed a\\nhighly-disciplined mind had she been familiar\\nwith the teachings of history, and been capable\\nof inspiring respect by her intellectual attain-\\nments, it is far from impossible that she might\\nhave lived and died in peace. But almost the\\nonly hours of enjoyment which shone upon\\nMaria while Queen of France, was when she\\nforgot that she was a queen, and, like a village\\nmaiden, loitered through the gardens and the\\ngroves in the midst of which the Little Trianon\\nwas embowered.\\nThe enemies of Maria had sedulously en-\\ndeavored to spread the report through France\\nthat she was still in heart an Austrian that\\nshe loved only the country she had left, and\\nthat she had no affection for the country over\\nwhich she was to reign as queen. They falsely\\nand malignantly spread the report that she had\\nchanged the name of Little Trianon into Little\\nVienna. The rumor spread rapidly. It ex-\\ncited great displeasure. The indignant denials\\nof Maria were disregarded. Thus the number\\nof her enemies was steadily increasing.\\nAnother unfortunate occurrence took place,\\nwhich rendered her still more unpopular at\\ncourt. Her brother Maximilian, a vain and\\nfoolish young man, made a visit to his sister", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "BRIDAL DAYS. 51\\nat the court of Yersailles, not traveling in his\\nown proper rank, but under an assumed name.\\nIt was quite common with princes of the\\nblood-rojal, for various reasons, thus to travel.\\nThe young Austrian prince insisted that the\\nfirst visit was due to him from the princes of\\nthe royal family in France. They, on the\\ncontrary, insisted that, as he was not traveling\\nin his own name, and in the recognition of his\\nown proper rank, it was their duty to regard\\nhim as of the character lie had assumed, and\\nas this was of a rank inferior to that of a royal\\nprince, it could not be their duty to pay the\\nfirst visit. The dispute ran high. Maria,\\nseconded by the Abbe Yermond, took the part\\nof her brother. This greatly offended many\\nof the highest nobility of the realm. It be-\\ncame a family quarrel of great bitterness. A\\nthousand tongues were busy whispering mali-\\ncious accusations against Maria. Eibald\\nsongs to sully her name were hawked through\\nthe streets. Care began to press heavily upon\\nthe brow of the dauphiness, and sorrow to\\nspread its pallor over her cheeks. Her high\\nspirit could not brook the humility of en-\\ndeavoring the refutation of the calumnies urged\\nagainst her. Still, she was too sensitive not to\\nfeel them often with the intensest anguish.\\nHer husband was comparatively a stranger to\\nher. He bowed to her with much civility\\nwhen they met, but never addressed her with a\\n5\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "52 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nword or gesture of tenderness, or manifested\\nthe least desire to see her alone. One even-\\nLouis and Maria at Little Trianon.\\ning, when walking in the garden of Little\\nTrianon, he astonished the courtiers, and\\nalmost overpowered Maria with delightful\\nemotions, by offering her his arm.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER in.\\nMAKIA ANTOINETTE ENTHEONED.\\nIn the year 1774, about four years after the\\nmarriage of Maria Antoinette and Louis, the\\ndissolute old king, Louis XY., in his palace at\\nVersailles, surrounded by his courtiers and his\\nlawless pleasures, was taken sick. The dis-\\nease soon developed itself as the smallpox in\\nits most virulent form. The physicians,\\nknowing the terror with which the conscience-\\nsmitten monarch regarded death, feared to in-\\nform him of the nature of his disease.\\nWhat are these pimples, inquired the\\nking, which are breaking out all over my\\nbody?\\nThey are little pustules, was the reply,\\nwhich require three days in forming, three in\\nsuppurating, and three in drying.\\nThe dreadful malady which had seized upon\\nthe king was soon, however, known throughout\\nthe court, and all fled from the infection. The\\nmiserable monarch, hated by his subjects, de-\\nspised by his courtiers, and writhing under\\n53", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "54 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe scorpion lash of his own conscience, was\\nleft to groan and die alone. It was a horrible\\ntermination of a most loathsome life.\\nThe vices of Louis XY. sowed the seeds of\\nthe French Eevolution. Two dissolute\\nwomen, notorious on the page of history, each,\\nin their turn, governed him and France. The\\nMarchioness du Pompadour was his first favor-\\nite. Ambitious, shrewd, unprincipled, and\\navaricious, she held the weak-minded king en-\\ntirely under her control, and spread throughout\\nthe court an influence so contaminating that\\nthe whole empire was infected with the demor-\\nalization. Upon this woman he squandered\\nalmost the revenues of the kingdom. The cel-\\nebrated Pare au Cerf, the scene of almost un-\\nparalleled voluptuousness, was reared for her\\nat an expense of twenty millions of dollars.\\nAfter her charms had faded, she still contrived\\nto retain her political influence over the pliant\\nmonarch, until she died, at the age of forty-\\nfour, universally detested.\\nMadame du Barri, of whom we have before\\nspoken, succeeded the Marchioness du Pompa-\\ndour in this post of infamy. The king lav-\\nished upon her, in the short space of eight\\nyears, more than ten millions of dollars. For\\nher he erected the Little Trianon, with its gar-\\ndens, parks, and fountains, a temple of pleas-\\nure dedicated to lawless passion. The king\\nhad totally neglected the interests of his ma-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. 55\\njestic empire, consecrating every moment of\\ntime to his own sensual gratification. The\\nrevenues of the realm yvere squandered in the\\nprofligacy and carousings of his court. The\\npeople were regarded merely as servants who\\nwere to toil to minister to the voluptuous in-\\ndulgence of their masters. They lived in pen-\\nury, that kings and queens, and courtiers\\nmight revel in all imaginable magnificence and\\nluxury. This was the ultimate cause of that\\nterrible outbreak which eventually crushed\\nMaria Antoinette beneath the ruins of the\\nFrench monarchy. Louis XY., in his shame-\\nless debaucheries, not only expended every\\ndollar upon which he could lay his hands,\\nbut at his death left the kingdom involved\\nin a debt of four hundred millions of dollars,\\nwhich was to be paid from the scanty earnings\\nof peasants and artisans whose condition was\\nhardly superior to that of the enslaved labor-\\ners on the plantations of Carolina and Louis-\\niana. But I am wandering from my story.\\nIn a chamber of the palace of the Little\\nTrianon we left the king dying of the con-\\nfluent smallpox. The courtiers have fled in\\nconsternation. It is the hour of midnight, the\\n10th of May, 1774. The monarch of France\\nis alone as he struggles with the king of\\nterrors. No attendants linger around him.\\nTwo old women, in an adjoining apartment,\\noccasionally look in upon the mass of corrup-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "56 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ntion upon the royal couch, which had already\\nlost every semblance of hunaanity. The eye is\\nblinded. The swollen tongue cannot articulate.\\nWhat thought of remorse or terror may be riot-\\ning through the soul of the dying king no one\\nknows, and no one cares. A lamp flickers\\nat the window, which is a signal to those at a\\nsafe distance that the king still lives. Its\\nfeeble flame is to be extinguished the moment\\nlife departs. The courtiers, from the windows\\nof the distant palace, watch with the most in-\\ntense solicitude the glimmering of that mid-\\nnight taper. Should the king recover, they\\ndreaded the reproach of having deserted him in\\nthe hour of his extremity. They hope, so earn-\\nestly, that he may not live. Should he die,\\nthey are anxious to be the first in their con-\\ngratulations to the new king and queen. The\\nhours of the night linger wearily away as ex-\\npectant courtiers gaze impatiently through the\\ngloom upon that dim torch. The horses are\\nharnessed in the carriages, and waiting at the\\ndoors, that the courtiers, without the loss of a\\nmoment, may rush to do homage to the new\\nsovereign.\\nThe clock was tolling the hour of 12 at\\nnight when the lamp was extinguished. The\\nmiserable king had ceased to breathe. The\\nensuing scene no pen can delineate or pencil\\npaint. The courtiers, totally forgetful of\\nFrench etiquette, rushed down the stairs,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "Maria Antoinette-\\nThe Attack on the Bastile. {See p. 101.)\\n6\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. 57\\ncrowded into their carriages, and the silence\\nof night was disturbed by the clattering of the\\nhorses hoofs, as they were urged, at their ut-\\nmost speed, to the apartments of the dauphin.\\nThere Maria Antoinette and Louis, with a\\nfew fami]y friends, were awaiting the antici-\\npated intelligence of the death of their grand-\\nfather the king. Though neither of them\\ncould have cherished any feelings of affection\\nfor the dissolute old monarch, it was an hour\\nto awaken in the soul emotions of the deepest\\nmelancholy. Death had approached, in the\\nmost frightful form, the spot on earth where,\\nprobably, of all others, he was most dreaded.\\nSuddenly a noise was heard, as of thunder, in\\nthe antechamber of the dauphin. It was the\\nrush of the courtiers from the dead monarch to\\nbow at the shrine of the new dispensers of\\nwealth and power. This extraordinary tumult,\\nin the silence of midnight, conveyed to Maria\\nand Louis the first intelligence that the crown\\nof France had fallen upon their brows. Louis\\nwas then twenty-four years of age, modest,\\ntimid, and conscientious. Maria was twenty,\\nmirthful, thoughtless, and shrinking from re-\\nsponsibility. They were both overwhelmed,\\nand, falling upon their knees, exclaimed, with\\ngushing tears, 0 God! guide us, protect us;\\nwe are too young to govern.\\nThe Countess de Noailles was the first to\\nsalute Maria Antoinette as Queen of France.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "58 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nShe entered the private salon in which they\\nwere sitting, and requested their majesties to\\nenter the grand audience hall, where the\\nprinces and all the great officers of state were\\nanxious to do homage to their new sovereigns.\\nMaria Antoinette, leaning upon her husband s\\narm, and with her handkerchief held to her\\neyes, which were bathed in tears, received\\nthese first expressions of loyalty. There was,\\nhowever, not an individual found to mourn for\\nthe departed king. No one was willing to en-\\ndanger his safety by any act of respect toward\\nhis remains. The laws of France required that\\nthe chief surgeon should open the body of the\\ndeparted monarch and embalm it, and that the\\nfirst gentleman of the bedchamber should hold\\nthe head while the operation was performed.\\nYou will see the body properly embalmed\\nsaid the gentleman of the bedchamber to the\\nsurgeon.\\nCertainly, was the reply; *and you will\\nhold the head?\\nEach bowed politely to the other, without\\nthe exchange of another word. The body, un-\\nopened and unembalmed, was placed by a few\\nunder servants in a coffin, which was filled with\\nthe spirts of wine, and hurried, without an at-\\ntendant mourner, to the tomb. Such was the\\nearthly end of Louis XV. In an hour he was\\nforgotten, or remembered but to be despised.\\nAt 4 o clock of that same morning, the", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. t)9\\nyoung king and queen, with the ^vhols court\\nin retinue, left Versailles, in their carriages,\\nfor Ghoisy. The morning was cold, dark, and\\ncheerless. The awful death of the king, and the\\nsucceeding excitements, had impressed the com-\\npany with gloom. Maria Antoinette rode in\\nthe carriage with her husband, and with one\\nor two other members of the royal family.\\nFor some time they rode in silence, Maria, a\\nchild of impulse, weeping profusely from the\\nemotions which moved her soul. But, ere\\nlong, the morning dawned. The sun rose\\nbright and clear over the hills of France, and\\nthe whole beautiful landscape glittered in the\\nlight of the most lovely of spring mornings.\\nInsensibly the gloom of the mind departed with\\nthe gloom of night. Conversation commenced.\\nThe mournful past was forgotten in anticipa-\\ntion of the bright future. Some jocular\\nremark of the young king s sister elicited a gen-\\neral burst of laughter, when, by common con-\\nsent, they wiped away their tears, banished\\nall funereal looks, and, a merry party, rode\\nmerrily along, over hill and dale, to a crown\\nand a throne. Little did they dream that\\nthese sunny hours and this flowery path but\\nconducted them to a dungeon and the guillo-\\ntine.\\nThe coronation soon took place at Eheims,\\nwith the greatest disply of festive magnificence.\\nThe novelty of a new reign, with a youthful", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "60 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nking and queen, elated the versatile French,\\nand loud and enthusiastic were the acclamations\\nwith which Louis and Maria Antoinette were\\ngreeted whenever they appeared. They were\\nboth, for a time, very popular with the nation\\nat large, though there was in the court a party\\nhostile to the queen, who took advantage of\\nevery act of indiscretion to traduce her char-\\nacter and to expose her to ignominy. In these\\nefforts they succeeded so effectually as to over-\\nwhelm themselves in the same ruin which they\\nhad brought upon their victim. A deep-seated\\nbut secret grief still preyed upon the heart of\\nMaria. Though four years since her marriage\\nhad now passed away, she was still compara-\\ntively, a stranger to her husband. He treated\\nher with respect, with politeness, but with\\ncold reserve, never approaching her as his\\nwife. The queen, possessing naturally a very\\naffectionate disposition, was extremely fond of\\nchildren. Despairing of ever becoming a\\nmother herself, she thought of adopting some\\npleasant child to be her playmate and friend.\\nOne day, as she was riding in her carriage, a\\nbeautiful little peasant boy, about five years\\nof age, with large blue eyes and flaxen hair,\\ngot under the feet of the horses, though he\\nwas extricated without having received any\\ninjury. As the grandmother rushed from the\\ncottage door to take the child, the queen,\\nstanding up in her carriage, extended her arms\\nto the old woman, and said", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. 01\\nThe child is mine. God has giveia it to\\nme to rear and to cherish. Is his mother\\nalive?\\nNo, madame! was the reply of the old\\nwoman. My daughter died last winter, and\\nleft five small children upon my hands.\\nI will take this one, said the queen, and\\nwill also provide for all the rest. Will you\\nconsent?\\nIndeed, madame, exclaimed the cottager,\\nthey are too fortunate. But I fear Jemmie\\nwill not stay with you. He is very wayward.\\nThe postilion handed Jemmie to the queen\\nin the carriage, and she, taking him upon her\\nknee, ordered the coachman to drive imme-\\ndiately to the palace. The ride, however, was\\nanything but a pleasant one, for the un-\\ngoverned boy screamed and kicked with the\\nutmost violence- during the whole of the way.\\nThe queen was quite elated with her treasure\\nfor the boy was extremely beautiful, and he\\nwas soon seen frolicking around her in a white\\nfrock trimmed with lace, a rose-colored sash,\\nwith silver fringe, and a hat decorated with\\nfeathers. I may here mention that the petted\\nfavorite grew up into a monster of ingratitude,\\nand became one of the most sanguinary actors\\nin the scenes of terror which subsequently\\nensued.\\nOne would think that the enemies of Maria\\nAntoinette could hardly take advantage of this", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "62 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ncircumstance to her injury but they atro-\\nciously affirmed that this child was her own\\nunacknowledged offspring, whose ignominious\\nbirth she had concealed. They represented\\nthe whole adventure but a piece of trickery on\\nher jjart, to obtain, without suspicion, posses-\\nsion of her own child. Such accusations were\\nborne upon the wings of every wind throughout\\nEurope, and the deeply-injured queen could\\nonly submit in silence.\\nAnother little incident, equally trivial, was\\nmagnified into the grossest of crimes. The\\nDuke de Lauzun appeared one evening at an\\nentertainment with a very magnificent plume\\nof white heron s feathers. The queen casually\\nexpressed her admiration of its beauty. A\\nlady immediately reported to the duke the re-\\nmarks of the queen, and assured him that it\\nwould be a great gratification to her majesty\\nto receive a present of the plume. He, the\\nnext morning, sent the plume to the queen.\\nShe was quite embarrassed, being unwilling\\nto accept the plume, and yet fearing to wound\\nthe feelings of the duke by refusing the pres-\\nent. She, on the whole, however, concluded\\nto retain it, and wore it 07ice, that she might\\nnot seem to scorn the present, and then laid\\nit aside. It is difficult to conceive how the\\nqueen could have conducted more discreetly in\\nthe affair. Such was the story of **The\\nHeron s Plume. It was, however, mali-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. 63\\nciously reported through Paris that the queen\\nwas indecently receiving presents from gentle-\\nmen as her lovers. The Heron s Plume\\nfigured conspicuously in many a satire in\\nprose and verse. These shafts, thrown from a\\nthousand unseen hands, pierced Maria Antoin-\\nette to the heart. This same Duke de Lauzun,\\na man of noted profligacy, subsequently be-\\ncame one of the most uorelenting foes of the\\nqueen. He followed La Fayette to America,\\nand then returned to Paris, to plunge, with\\nthe most reckless gayety, into the whirlpool\\nof human passions boiling and whirling there.\\nIn the conflict of parties he became a victim.\\nCondemned to death, he was imprisoned in the\\nConciergerie. Imbruted by atheism, he en-\\ntered his cell with a merry song and a joke.\\nHe furnished a sumptuous repast for the\\nprisoners at the hour appointed for his execu-\\ntion, and invited the jailers for his guests.\\nWhen the executioners arrived, he smilingly\\naccosted them. Gentlemen, I am very\\nhappy to see you just allow me to finish these\\nnice oysters. Then, very politely taking a\\ndecanter of wine, he said, Your duties will\\nbe quite arduous to-day, gentlemen allow me\\nthe pleasure of taking a glass of wine with\\nyou. Thus merrily he ascended the cart,\\nand beguiled the ride from the prison to the\\nguillotine with the most careless pleasantries.\\nGayly tripping up the steps, he placed him*", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "64 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nself in the fatal instrument, and a smile was\\nupon his lips, and mirthful words were falling\\nupon the ears of the executioners, when the\\nslide fell, and he was silent in death. That\\nsoul must indeed be ignoble which can thus\\nenter the dread unseen of futurity.\\nThere is no end to these acts of injustice in-\\nflicted upon the queen. The influences which\\nhad ever surrounded her had made her very\\nfond of dress and gayety. She was devoted to\\na life of pleasure, and was hardly conscious\\nthat there was anything else to live for. In\\nfetes, balls, theaters, operas, and masquerades,\\nshe passed night after night. Such was the\\nonly occupation of her life. The king, on the\\ncontrary, had no taste for any of these amuse-\\nments. Uncompanionable and retiring, he\\nlived with his books, and in his workshop\\nmaking trinkets for children. Always retiring\\nto rest at the early hour of 11 o clock pre-\\ncisely, he left the queen to pursue her pleas-\\nures until the dawn of the morning, unat-\\ntended by him. It was very imprudent in\\nMaria Antoinette thus to expose herself to the\\nwhispers of calumny. She was young, inexpe-\\nrienced, and had no judicious advisers.\\nOne evening she had been out in her car-\\nriage, and was returning at rather a late hour,\\nthe lady of the palace being with her, when\\nher carriage broke down at her entrance into\\nParis. The queen and the duchess were both", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Maria Antoinette,\\nThe Bread Riots. {See}). 107.)", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. 65\\nmasked, and, stepping into an adjoining shop,\\nas they were unknown, the queen ordered one\\nof the footmen to call a common hackney-\\ncoach, and they, both entering, drove to the\\nopera house, with very much the same sense\\nof the ludicrous in being found in so plebeian\\na vehicle, as a New York lady would feel on\\npassing through Broadway in a handcart or\\non a wheelbarrow. The fun-loving queen was\\nso entertained with the whimsical adventure\\nthat she could not refrain from exclaiming, as\\nsoon as she entered the opera house, to the\\nintimate friends she met there, Only think!\\nI came to the opera in a hackney-coach! Was\\nit not droll? was it not droll? The news of\\nthe indiscretion spread. All Paris was full of\\nthe adventure. Eumor, with her thousand\\ntongues, added innumerable embellishments.\\nNeither the delicacy nor the dignity of the\\nqueen would allow her seriously to attempt\\nthe refutation of the calumny that, neglected\\nby her husband, she had been out in disguise\\nto meet a nobleman renowned for his gallant-\\nries.\\nNothing can be more irksome than the fri-\\nvolities of fashionable lifa. To spend night\\nafter night, of months and years, in an inces-\\nsant round of the same trivial gayeties, so ex-\\nhausts all the susceptibilities of enjoyment\\nthat life itself becomes a burden. Louis XIV.\\nhad created for himself a sort of elysium of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "66 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nvoluptuousness in the celebrated gardens of\\nMarly. Spread out upon the gentle declivity\\nof an extended hill were grounds embellished\\nin the highest style of art, and intended to\\nrival the garden of Eden itself in every con-\\nceivable attraction. Pavilions of gorgeous\\narchitecture crowned the summit of the hill.\\nElowers, groves, enchanting walks, and stat-\\nues of most voluptuous beauty, fountains,\\nlakes, cascades foaming over channels of\\nwhitest marble all the attractions of nature\\nand art were combined to realize the most\\nfanciful dreams of splendor and luxury.\\nPleasure was the only god here adored but,\\nlike all false gods, he but rewarded his vota-\\nries with satiety and disgust.\\nThe queen, with her brilliant retinue, made\\na monthly visit to these palaces and pleasure-\\ngrounds, and with music, illumination, and\\ndances, endeavored to beguile life of its cares.\\nA noisy concourse, glittering with diamonds\\nand all the embellishments of wealth, thronged\\nthe embowered avenues and the sumptuous\\nhalls. And while the young, in the mazes of\\nthe dance, and in the uneasy witchery of win-\\nning and losing hearts, were all engrossed, the\\nold, in the still deeper but ignoble passion of\\ndeoperate gaming, forgot gliding time and ap-\\nproaching eternity. But the spirit of Maria\\nwas soon weary of this heartless gayety. Each\\nsucceeding visit became more irksome, \u00c2\u00a3knd at", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. 67\\nlast, in inexpressible disgust with the weary\\nmonotony of fashionable dissipation, she de-\\nclared that she would never enter the gardens of\\nMarly again. But she must have some occupa-\\ntion. What shall she do to give wings to the\\nlagging hours?\\nHas your majesty, timidly suggests a\\nlady of the court, **ever seen the sun rise?\\nThe sun rise! exclaimed the queen; **no,\\nnever! What a beautiful sight it must be!\\nWhat a romantic adventure! we will go to-\\nmorrow morning.\\nThe plan was immediately arranged. The\\nprosaic king would take no part in it. He pre-\\nferred quietly to slumber upon his pillow. A\\nfew hours after midnight, the queen, with\\nseveral gentlemen, and her attendant ladies,\\nall in high glee, left the palace in their car-\\nriages to ascend the lofty eminence of the gar-\\ndens of Marly to witness the sublime spectacle.\\nThousands of the humbler classes had already\\nleft their beds and commenced their daily toil,\\nas the brilliant cavalcade swept by them on\\nthis novel excursion. It was, however, a freak\\nso strange, so unaccountable, so contrary to\\nanything ever known before, that this nocturnal\\nparty became the theme of universal conversa-\\ntion. It was whispered that there must have\\nbeen some mysterious wickedness connected\\nwith an adventure so marvelous. Groups upon\\nthe Boulevards inquired, *Why is the queen", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "68 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthus frolicking at midnight without her hus-\\nband? In a few days a ballad appeared,\\nwhich was sung by the vilest lips in the ware-\\nhouses of infamy, full of the most malignant\\ncharges against the queen. Maria Antoinette\\nwas imprudent, very imprudent, and that was\\nher only crime.\\nStill, the young queen must have amuse-\\nments. She is weary of parade and splendor,\\nand seeks in simplicity the novelty of enjoy-\\nment. Dressed in white muslin, with a plain\\nstraw hat, and a little switch in her hand, she\\nmight often be seen walking on foot, followed\\nby a single servant, through the embowered\\npaths which surrounded the Petit Trianon.\\nThrough lanes and byways she would chase\\nthe butterfly, and pick flowers free as a peasant\\ngirl, and lean over the fences to chat with the\\ncountry maids as they milked the cows. This\\nentire freedom from restraint was etiquette in\\nthe court of Vienna it was regarded as bar-\\nbarism in the court of Versailles. The cour-\\ntiers were amazed at conduct so unqueenly.\\nThe ceremony-stricken dowagers were shocked.\\nPairs, France, Europe, were filled with stories\\n^of the waywardness, and eccentricities, and\\nimproprieties of the young queen. The loud\\ncomplaints were poured so incessantly in the\\near of Maria Theresa that at last she sent a\\nspecial ambassador to Versailles, in disguise,\\nas a spy upon her daughter. He reported,\\nThe queen is imprudent, that is all.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. 69\\nThere happened, in a winter of unusual in-\\nclemency, a heavy fall of snow. It was a rare\\nsight at Versailles. Maria Antoinette, re-\\nminded of the merry sleigh rides she had en-\\njoyed in the more northern home of her child-\\nhood, was eager to renew the pleasure. Some\\nantiquated sledges were found in the stables.\\nNew ones, gay and graceful, were constructed.\\nThe horses, with nodding plumes, and gor-\\ngeous caparisons, and tinkling bells, dazzled\\nthe eyes of the Parisians as they swept through\\nthe Champs Elysees, drawing their loads of\\nlords and ladies enveloped in furs. It was a\\nnew amusement an innovation. Envious and\\nangry lips declared that the Austrian, with\\nan Austrian heart, was intruding the customs\\nof Vienna upon Paris.* These ungenerous\\ncomplaints reached the ear of the queen, and\\nshe instantly relinquished the amusement.\\nStill the queen is weary. Time hangs\\nheavily upon her hands. All the pleasures of\\nthe court have palled upon her appetite, and\\nshe seeks novelty. She introduces into the\\nretired apartments of the Little Trianon,\\n^blindman s buff, *fox and geese, and\\nother similar games, and joins heartily in the\\nfun and the frolic. A queen playing blind-\\nman s buff! Simpletons and the world is\\nfull of simpletons raised their hands and\\neyes in affected horror. Private dramatic en-\\ntertainments were got up to relieve the tedium", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "70 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nof unemployed time. The queen learns her\\npart, and appears in the character and costume\\nof a peasant girl. Her genius excites much\\nadmiration, and. intoxicated with this new\\npleasure, she repeats the entertainment, and\\nalike excels in all characters, whether comic or\\ntragic. The number of spectators is gradually\\nincreased. Louis is not exactly pleased to see\\nhis queen transformed into an actress, even in\\nthe presence only of the most intimate friends\\nof the court. Half jocosely, half seriously,\\namid the rounds of applause with which the\\nroyal actress is greeted, he hisses. It was\\ndeemed extremely derogatory to the dignity of\\nthe queen that she should indulge in such\\namusements, and every gossiping tongue in\\nParis was soon magnifying her indiscretions.\\nEight years had now passed away since the\\nmarriage of Maria Antoinette, and still she\\nwas in name only the wife of Louis. She was\\nstill a young lady, for he had never yet ap-\\nproached her with any familiarity with which\\nhe would not approach any young lady of his\\ncourt. But about this time the king gradually\\nmanifested more tenderness toward her. He\\nbegan really and tenderly to love her. With\\ntears of joy, she confided to her friends the\\ngreat change which had taken place in his con-\\nduct. The various troubles and embarrass-\\nments which began now to lower about the\\nthrone and to darken their path, bound their", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. 71\\nsympathies more strongly together. Stren-\\nuous efforts were made to alienate the king\\nfrom the queen by exciting his jealousy.\\nMaria was accused of the grossest immoralities,\\nand insinuations to her injury were ever whis-\\npered into the ear of the kiog.\\nOne morning Madame Campan entered the\\nqueen s chamber when she was in bod. Several\\nletters were lying upon the bed by her side, and\\nshe was weeping as though her heart would\\nbreak. She immediately exclaimed, covering\\nher swollen eyes with her hands, Oh! I wish\\nthat I were dead I wish that I were dead\\nThe wretches the monsters what have I done\\nthat they should treat me thus it would be better\\nto kill me at once. Then, throwing her arms\\naround the neck of Madame Campan, she burst\\nmore passionately into tears. All attempts to\\nconsole her were unavailing. Neither was she\\nwilling to confide the cause of her heart-rend-\\ning grief. After some time she regained her\\nusual serenity, and said, with an attempted\\nsmile, I know that I have made you very un-\\ncomfortable this morning, and I must set your\\npoor heart at ease. You must have seen, on\\nsome fine summer s day, a black cloud sud-\\ndenly appear, and threaten to pour down upon\\nthe country and lay it in waste. The lightest\\nwind drives it away, and the blue sky and\\nserene weather are restored. This is just the\\nimage of what has happened to me this morn-\\ning.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "72 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nNotwithstanding, however, these efforts of\\nthe malignant, the king became daily more\\nand more strongly attached to the queen. In\\nthe embarrassments which were gathering\\naround him, he felt the support of her ener-\\ngetic mind, and looked to her counsel with\\ncontinually increasing confidence. It was\\nabout nine years after their marriage when\\ntheir first child was born. Three others were\\nsubsequently added to their family. Two,\\nhowever, of the children, a son and a daughter,\\ndied in early childhood, leaving two others,\\nMaria Theresa and Louis Charles, to share and\\nto magnify those woes which subsequently\\noverwhelmed the whole royal family.\\nDuring all these early years of their reign,\\nVersailles was their favorite and almost con-\\nstant abode. They were visited occasionally\\nby monarchs from the other courts of Europe,\\nwhom they entertained with the utmost dis-\\nplay of royal grandeur. Bonfires and illumi-\\nnations turned night into day in the groves and\\ngardens of those gorgeous palaces. Thousands\\nwere feasted in boundless profusion. Millions\\nof money were expended in the costly amuse-\\nments of kings, and queens, and haughty\\nnobles. The people, by whose toil the reve-\\nnues of the kingdom were furnished, looked\\nfrom a humble distance upon the glittering\\nthrong, gliding through the avenues, charioted\\nin splendor, and now and then a deep thinker,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "Mai la into nettt\\nLa Fayette Reassuring the Queen. {Seep. 108)", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED. TS\\nstruggling against poverty and want, would\\nthus soliloquize: Why do we thus toil to\\nminister to the useless luxury of these our im-\\nperious masters? Why must I eat black\\nbread, and be clothed in the coarsest garments,\\nthat these lords and ladies may glitter in\\njewelry and revel in luxury Why must my\\nchildren toil like bond slaves through life,\\nthat the children of these nobles may be\\nclothed in purple and fine linen, and fare\\nsumptuously every day? The multitude\\nwere bewildered by the glare of royalty. But\\nhere and there a sullen fishwoman, leading her\\nragged, half-starved children, would mumble\\nand mutter, and curse the Austrian, as the\\nbeautiful queen swept by in her gorgeous\\nequipage. These discontents and portentous\\nmarmurswere spreading rapidly, when neither\\nking, queen, nor courtiers dreamed of their\\nexistence.\\nA few had heard of America, its freedom,\\nits equality, its fame even for the poorest, its\\ncompetence. La Fayette had gone to help the\\nRepublicans crush the crown and the throne.\\nFranklin was in Paris, the ambassador from\\nAmerica, in garb and demeanor as simple and\\nfrugal as the humblest citizen, and all Paris\\ngazed upon him with wonder and admiration.\\nA few bold spirits began to whisper, Let us\\nalso have no king. The fires of a volcano\\nwere kindling under the whole structure of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "74 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nFrench society. It was time that the mighty\\nfabric of corruption should be tumbled into\\nthe dust. The splendor and the extravagance\\nof these royal festivities added but fuel to the\\nflame. The people began to compute the ex-\\npense of bonfires, palaces, equipages, crown\\njewels, and courtiers. It is extremely imper-\\ntinent, Maria thought and said, for the people\\nto meddle in matters with which they have no\\nconcern. Slaves have no right to question the\\nconduct of their masters. It was the misfor-\\ntune of her education, and of the influences\\nwhich ever surrounded her, that she never\\nimagined that kings and queens were created\\nfor any other purpose than to live in luxury.\\nThe Empress Catharine II. of Eussia, as these\\ndiscontents were loud and threatening, wrote\\nto Maria Antoinette a letter, in which she\\nsays, Kings and queens ought to proceed in\\ntheir career undisturbed by the cries of the\\npeople, as the moon pursues her course unim-\\npeded by the howling of dogs. This was\\nthen the spirit of the throne.\\nAnd now the davs of calamity began to grow\\ndarker. Intrigues were multiplied, involving\\nMaria in interminable difficulties. There\\nwere instinctive presentiments of an approach-\\ning storm. Death came into the royal palace,\\nand distorted the form of her eldest son,\\nand by lingering tortures dragged him to the\\ngrave. And then her little daughter was taken", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "ENTHRONED.\\n75\\nfrom her. Maria watched at the couch of\\nsuffering and death with maternal anguish.\\nThe glowing heart of a mother throbbed within\\nthe bosom of Maria. The heartlessness and\\nFestivities at Versailles.\\nemptiness of all other pursuits had but given\\nintensity to the fervor of a mother s love.\\nThough but twenty -three years of age, she had\\ndrained every cup of pleasure to its dregs.\\nAnd now she began to enter upon a path every\\nyear more dark, dreary, and desolate.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEB IV.\\nTHE DIAMOND NECKLACE.\\nAbout this time there occurred an event\\nwhich, though apparently trivial, involved\\nconsequences of the most momentous impor-\\ntance. It was merely the fraudulent purchase\\nof a necklace, by a profligate woman, in the\\nname of the queen. The circumstances were\\nsuch as to throw all France into agitation, and\\nEurope was full of the story. ^Mind that\\nmiserable affair of the necklace, said Talley-\\nrand; **I should be nowise surprised if it\\nshould overturn the French monarchy. To\\nunderstand this mysterious occurrence, we\\nmust first allude to two very important char-\\nacters implicated in the conspiracy.\\nThe Cardinal de Eohan, though one of the\\nhighest dignitaries of the church, and of the\\nmost illustrious rank, was a young man of\\nvain and shallow mind, of great profligacy of\\ncharacter, and perfectly prodigal in squander-\\ning, in ostentatious pomp, all the revenues\\nwithin his reach. He had been sent an am-\\nbassador to the court of Vienna. Surrounding\\nhimself with a retinue of spendthrift gentle-\\n76", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 77\\nmen, he endeavored to dazzle the Austrian\\ncapital with more than regal magnificence.\\nExpending six or seven hundred thousand dol-\\nlars in the course of a few months, he soon be-\\ncame involved in inextricable embarrassments.\\nIn the extremity of his distress, he took ad-\\nvantage of his official station, and engaged in\\nsmuggling with so much effrontery that he\\nalmost inundated the Austrian capital with\\nFrench goods. Maria Theresa was extremely\\ndispleased, and, without reserve, expressed\\nher strong disapproval of his conduct, both as\\na bishop and as an ambassador. The cardinal\\nwas consequently recalled, and, disappointed\\nand mortified, he hovered around the court of\\nVersailles, where he was treated with the ut-\\nmost coldness. He was extremely anxious\\nagain to bask in the beams of royal favor.\\nBut the queen indignantly repelled all his ad-\\nvances. His proud spirit was nettled to the\\nquick by his disgrace, and he was ripe for any\\ndesperate adventure to retrieve his ruined for-\\ntunes.\\nThere was, at the same time, at Versailles,\\na very beautiful woman, the Countess Lamotte.\\nShe traced her lineage to the kings of\\nFrance, and, by her vices, struggled to sustain\\na style of ostentatious gentility. She was\\nconsumed by an insatiable thirst for recog-\\nnizer!, rank and wealth, and she had no con-\\nscience to interfere, in the slightest degree,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "78 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwith any means which might lead to those re-\\nsults. Though somewhat notorious, as a\\nwoman of pleasure, to the courtiers who flitted\\naround the throne, the queen had never seen\\nher face, and had seldom heard even her name.\\nVersailles was too much thronged with such\\ncharacters for any one to attract any special\\nattention.\\nMaria Antoinette, in her earlier days, had\\nbeen extremely fond of dress, and particularly\\nof rich jewelry. She brought with her from\\nVienna a large number of pearls and diamonds.\\nUpon her accession to the throne, she received,\\nof course, all the crown jewels. Louis XV.\\nhad also presented her with all the jewels be-\\nlonging to his daughter, the dauphiness, who\\nhad recently died, and also with a very mag-\\nnificent collar of pearls, of a single row, the\\nsmallest of which was as large as a filbert.\\nThe king, her husband, had, not long before,\\npresented her with a set of rubies and diamonds\\nof a fine water, and with a pair of bracelets\\nwhich cost forty thousand dollars. Boehmer,\\nthe crown jeweler, had collected, at a great ex-\\npense, six pear-formed diamonds, of prodi-\\ngious size. They were perfectly matched, and\\nof the finest water. They were arranged as\\nearrings. He offered them to the queen for\\neighty thousand dollars. The young and\\nroyal bride could not resist the desire of adding\\nthem, costly as they were, to her casket of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. ?9\\ngems. She, however, economically removed\\ntwo of the diamonds which formed the tops of\\nthe clusters, and replaced them by two of her\\nown. The jeweler consented to this arrange-\\nment, and received the reduced price of\\nseventy-two thousand dollars, to be paid in\\nequal installments for five years, from the\\nprivate purse of the queen. Still the queen\\nfelt rather uneasy in view of her unnecessary\\npurchase. Murmurs of her extravagance began\\nto reach her ears. Satiated with gayety and\\nweary of jewels, as a child throws aside its\\nplaythings, Maria Antoinette lost all fondness\\nfor her costly treasures, and began to seek\\nnovelty in the utmost simplicity of attire, and\\nin the most artless joys of rural life. Her\\ngorgeous dresses hung neglected in their ward-\\nrobes. Her gems, of purest ray serene,\\nslept in the darkness of the unopened casket.\\nThe queen had become a mother, and all those\\nwarm and noble affections which had been\\ndiffused and wasted upon frivolities, were now\\nconcentrated with intensest ardor upon her\\nchildren. A new era had dawned upon Maria\\nAntoinette. Her soul, by nature exalted, was\\nbeginning to find objects worthy of its ener-\\ngies. Eapidly she was groping her way from\\nthe gloom of the most wretched of all lives a\\nlife of pleasure and of self-indulgence to the\\ntrue and ennobling happiness of benevolence\\nand self-sacrifice.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "80 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nBcehraer, the jeweler, unaware of the great\\nchange which had taken place in the character\\nof the queen, resolved to form for her the most\\nmagnificent necklace which was ever seen in\\nEurope. He busied himself for several years\\nin collecting the most valuable diamonds cir-\\nculating in commerce, and thus composed a\\nnecklace of several rows, whose attractions, he\\nhoped, would be irresistible to the queen. In\\nthe purchase of these brilliant gems the\\njeweler had expended far more than his own\\nfortune. For many of them he owed large\\nsums, and his only hope of paying these debts\\nwas in effecting a sale to the queen.\\nBoehmer requested Madame Campan to in-\\nform the queen what a beautiful necklace he\\nhad arranged, hoping that she might express\\na desire to see it. This, however, Madame\\nCampan declined doing, as she did not wish to\\ntempt the queen to incur the expense of three\\nhundred and twenty thousand dollars, the\\nprice of the glittering bauble. Boehmer,\\nafter endeavoring for some time in vain to get\\nthe gems exposed to the eye of the queen, in-\\nduced a courtier high in rank to show the\\nsuperb necklace to his majesty. The king,\\nnow loving the queen most tenderly, wished to\\nsee her adorned with this unparalleled orna-\\nment, and sent the case to the queen for her\\ninspection. Maria Antoinette replied that\\nshe had already as many beautiful diamonds", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 81\\nas she desired that jewels were now worn but\\nseldom at court; that she could not think it\\nright to encourage so great an expense for such\\nornaments; and that the money they would\\ncost would be much better expended in build-\\ning a man-of-war. The king concurred in this\\nprudent decision, and the diamonds were\\nreturned to the jeweler from their majesties\\nwith this answer: We have more need of\\nships than of diamonds.\\nBoehmer was in great trouble, and knew not\\nwhat to do. He spent a year in visiting the\\nother courts of Europe, hoping to induce some\\nof the sovereigns to purchase his necklace, but\\nin vain. Almost in despair, he returned again\\nto Versailles, and proposed the king should\\ntake it, and pay for it partly in instalments\\nand partly in life annuities. The king men-\\ntioned it again to the queen. She replied,\\nthat if his majesty wished to purchase the\\nnecklace, and keep it for their daughter, he\\nmight do so. But she declared that she her-\\nself should never be willing to wear it, for she\\ncould not expose herself to those censures for\\nextravagance which she knew would be lavished\\nupon her.\\nThe jeweler complained loudly and bitterly\\nof his misfortune. The necklace having been\\nexhibited all over Europe, his troubles were a\\nmatter of general conversation. After several\\nmonths of great perplexity and anxiety, Boeh-\\nI Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "82 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nmer succeeded in gaining an audience of the\\nqueen. Passionately throwing himself upon\\nhis knees before her, clasping his hands and\\nbursting into tears, he exclaimed\\nMadame, I am disgraced and ruined if jou\\ndo not purchase my necklace. I cannot outlive\\nmy misfortunes. When I go hence I shall\\nthrow myself into the river.\\nThe queen, extremely displeased, said\\nEise, Boehmer! I do not like these rhap-\\nsodies honest men have no occasion to fall\\nupon their knees to make known their requests.\\nIf you were to destroy yourself, I should re-\\ngret you as a madman in whom I had taken an\\ninterest, but I should not be responsible for\\nthat misfortune. I not only never ordered the\\narticle which causes your present despair, but,\\nwhenever you have talked to me about fine col-\\nlections of jewels, I have told you that I\\nshould not add four diamonds -to those I\\naready possessed. I told you myself that I de-\\nclined taking the necklace The king wished\\nto give it to me; I refused him in the same\\nmanner. Then never mention it to me again.\\nDivide it, and endeavor to sell it piecemeal,\\nand do not drown yourself. I am very angry\\nwith you for acting this scene of despair in my\\npresence, and before this child. Let me never\\nsee you behave thus again. Go!\\nBoehmer, overwhelmed with confusion, re-\\ntired, and the queen, oppressed with a multi-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 83\\ntude of gathering cares, for some months\\nthought no more of him or of his jewels. One\\nday the queen was reposing listlessly upon her\\ncouch with Madame Campan and other ladies\\nof honor about her, when, suddenly addressing\\nMadame Campan, she iaquired\\nHave you ever heard what poor Boehmer\\ndid with his unfortunate necklace?\\nI have heard nothing of it since he left\\nyou, was the reply, though I often meet\\nhim.\\n**I should really like to know how the un-\\nfortunate man got extricated from his embar-\\nrassments, rejoined the queen; and, when\\nyou next see him, I wish you would inquire,\\nas if from your own interest in the aifair,\\nwithout any allusion to me, how he disposed\\nof the article.\\nIn a few days Madame Campan met Boeh-\\nmer, and, in reply to her interrogatories, he\\ninformed her that the sultan at Constantinople\\nhad purchased it for the favorite sultana.\\nThe queen was highly gratified with the good\\nfortune of the jeweler, and yet thought it very\\nstrange how the grand seignior should have\\npurchased his diamonds at Paris. Matters\\ncontinued in this state for some time, until the\\nbaptism of the Duke d Angouleme, Maria\\nAntoinette s infant son. The king made his\\nidolized boy a baptismal present of a diamond\\nepaulette and buckles, which he purchased of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "84 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nBoehmer, and directed him to deliver to the\\nqueen. As the jeweler presented them, he\\nslipped into the queen s hand a letter, in the\\nform of a petition, containing the following\\nexpression\\n**I am happy to see your majesty in the pos-\\nsession of the finest diamonds in Europe and I\\nentreat your majesty not to forget me.\\nThe queen read this strange note aloud,\\nagain and again exclaiming What does the\\nman mean? He must be insane! She\\nquietly lighted the note at a wax taper which\\nwas standing near her, and burned it, remark-\\ning that it was not worth keeping. Afterward,\\nas she reflected more upon the enigmatical\\nnature of the communication, she deeply re-\\ngretted that she had not preserved the note.\\nShe pondered the matter deeply and anxiously,\\nand at last said to Madame Campan\\nThe next time you see that man, I wish\\nthat you would tell him that I have lost all\\ntaste for diamonds that I never shall buy\\nanother as long as I live and that, if I had\\nany money to spare, I should expend it in\\npurchasing lands to enlarge the grounds at St.\\nCloud.\\nA few days after this, Boehmer called upon\\nMadame Campan at her country house, ex-\\ntremely uneasy at not having received any an-\\nswer from the queen, and anxiously inquired\\nif Madame Campan had no commission to him", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 85\\nfrom her majesty. Madame Campan faith-\\nfully repeated to him all that the queen had\\nrequested her to say.\\nBut, rejoined Boehmer, *Hhe answer to\\nthe letter I presented to her To whom must\\nI apply for that?\\nTo no one, was the reply; her majesty\\nburned your memorial, without even compre-\\nhending its meaning.\\n**Ah, madame! exclaimed the man, trem-\\nbling with agitation, that is impossible; the\\nqueen knows that she has money to pay me.\\nMoney, M. Boehmer! replied the lady,\\nyour last accounts against the queen were\\ndischarged long ago.\\nAnd are you not in the secret? he re-\\njoined. The queen owes me three hundred\\nthousand dollars, and I am ruined by her neg-\\nlect to pay me.\\nThree hundred thousand dollars! ex-\\nclaimed Madame Campan, in amazement;\\nman, you have lost your senses! For what\\ndoes she owe you that enormous sum?\\nFor the necklace, madame, replied the\\njeweler, now pale and trembling with the ap-\\nprehension that he had been deceived.\\nThe necklace again! said Madame Cam-\\npan. How long is the queen to be teased\\nabout that necklace? Did not you yourself\\ntell me that you had sold it at Constantino-\\nple?", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "86 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nThe queen, added Boehmer, ^requested\\nme to make that reply to all who inquired\\nupon the subject, for she was not willing to\\nhave it known that she had made the purchase.\\nShe, however, had determined to have the\\nnecklace, and sent the Cardinal de Kohan to\\nme to take it in her name.\\n*^You are utterly deceived, Boehmer,\\nMadame Campan replied; the queen knows\\nnothing about your necklace. She never\\nspeaks even to the Cardinal de Eohan, and\\nthere is no man at court more strongly disliked\\nby her.\\n**Tou may depend upon it, madame, that\\nyou are deceived yourself, rejoined the\\njeweler. She must hold private interviews\\nwith the cardinal, for she gave to the cardial\\nsix thousand dollars, which he paid me on\\naccount, and which he assured me he saw her\\ntake from the little porcelain secretary next\\nthe fireplace in her boudoir.\\nDid the cardinal himself assure you of\\nthis? inquired Madame Campan.\\nYes, madame, was the reply.\\nWhat a detestable plot! There is not one\\nword of truth in it; and you have been mis-\\nerably deceived,\\nI confess, Boehmer rejoined, now trem-\\nbling in every joint, that I have felt very anx-\\nious about it for some time; for the cardinal\\nassured me that the queen would wear the", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 87\\nnecklace on Whitsunday. I was, however,\\nalarmed in seeing that she did not wear it, and\\nthat induced me to write the letter to her\\nmajesty. But what shall I do?\\n**Go immediately to Versailles, and lay the\\nwhole matter before the king. But you have\\nbeen extremely culpable, as crown jeweler, in\\nacting in a matter of such great importance\\nwithout direct orders from the king or queen,\\nor their accredited minister.\\nI have not acted, the unhappy man re-\\nplied, without direct orders. I have now in\\nmy possession all the promissory notes, signed\\nby the queen herself and I have been obliged\\nto show those notes to several bankers, my\\ncreditors, to induce them to extend the time\\nof my payments.\\nInstead, however, of following Madame\\nCampan s judicious advice, Boehmer, half de-\\nlirious with solicitude, went directly to the\\ncardinal, and informed him of all that had\\ntranspired. The cardinal appeared very much\\nembarrassed, asked a few questions, and said\\nbut little. He, however, wrote in his diary\\nthe following memorandum: 0n this day,\\nAugust 3, Boehmer went to Madame Campan s\\ncountry house, and she told him that the queen\\nhad never had his necklace, and that he had\\nbeen cheated.\\nBoehmer was almost frantic with terror, for\\nthe lorn of the necklace was his utter and irre-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "88 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nmediable ruin. Finding no relief in his intei\\nview with the cardinal, he hastened to Little\\nTrianon, and sent a message to the queen that\\nMadame Campan wished him to see her imme-\\ndiately. The queen, who knew nothing of the\\noccurrences we have just related, exclaimed\\nThat man is surely mad. I have nothing to\\nsay to him, and 1 will not see him. Ma-\\ndame Campan, however, immediately called\\nupon the queen, for she was very much alarmed\\nby what she had heard, and related to her the\\nwhole occurrence. The queen was exceedingly\\namazed and perplexed, and feared that it was\\nsome deep-laid plot to involve her in difficul-\\nties. She questioned Madame Campan very\\nminutely in reference to every particular of\\nthe interview, and insisted upon her repeating\\nthe conversation over and over again. They\\nthen went immediately to the king, and narrated\\nto him the whole affair. He, aware of the\\nmany efforts which had been made to traduce\\nthe character of Maria Antoinette, and to ex-\\npose her to public contumely, was at once con-\\nvinced that it was a treacherous plot of the\\ncardinal in revenge for his neglect at court.\\nThe king instantly sent a command for the\\ncardinal to meet him and the queen in the\\nking s closet. He was, apparently, anticipat-\\ning the summons, for he, without delay, ap-\\npeared before them in all the pomp of his pon-\\ntifical robes, but was nevertheless so embar-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "Maria Antoinette,\\nThe Royal Family in Despair. {See p. 170.)", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 89\\nrassed that he could with difficulty articulate\\na sentence.\\nYou have purchased diamonds of Boeh-\\nmer? inquired the king.\\nYes, sire, was the trembling reply.\\nWhat have you done with them? the king\\nadded.\\nI thought, said the cardinal, that they\\nhad been delivered to the queen.\\nWho commissioned you to make this pur-\\nchase?\\nThe Countess Lamotte, was the reply.\\nShe handed me a letter from the queen re-\\nquesting me to obtain the necklace for her. I\\ntruly thought that I was obeying her majesty s\\nwishes, and doing her a favor, by taking this\\nbusiness upon myself.\\nHow could you imagine, sir, indignantly\\ninterrupted the queen, that I should have\\nselected you for such a purpose, when I have\\nnot even spoken to you for eight years? and\\nhow could you suppose that I should have\\nacted through the mediation of such a char-\\nacter as the Countess Lamotte?\\nThe cardinal was in the most violent agita-\\ntion, and, apparently hardly knowing what he\\nsaid, replied: I see plainly that I have been\\nduped. I will pay for the necklace myself.\\nI suspected no trick in the affair, and am ex-\\ntremely sorry that I have had anything to do\\nwith it.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "90 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nHe then took a letter from his pocket\\ndirected to the Countess Lamotte, and signed\\nwith the queen s name, requesting her to\\nsecure the purchase of the necklace. The king\\nand queen looked at the letter, and instantly\\npronounced it a forgery. The king then took\\nfrom his own pocket a letter addressed to the\\njeweler Boehmer, and^ handing it to De\\nEohan, said\\nAre you the author of that letter?\\nThe cardinal turned pale, and, leaning upon\\nhis hand, appeared as though he would fall to\\nthe floor.\\nI have no wish, cardinal, the king kindly\\nreplied, to find you guilty. Explain to me\\nthis enigma. Account for all these maneuvers\\nwith Boehmer. Where did you obtain these\\nsecurities and these promissory notes, signed\\nin the queen s name, which have been given to\\nBoehmer?\\nThe cardinal, trembling in every nerve,\\nfaintly replied, Sire, I am too much agitated\\nnow to answer your majesty. Give me a little\\ntime to collect my thoughts.\\nCompose yourself, then, cardinal, the\\nking added. Go into my cabinet. You will\\nthere find papers, pens, and ink. At your\\nleisure write what you have to say to me.\\nIn about half an hour the cardinal returned\\nwith a paper, covered with erasures, and\\nalterations, and blottings, as confused and un-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 91\\nsatisfactory as his verbal statements had been.\\nAn officer was then summoned into the royal\\npresence, and commanded to take the cardinal\\ninto custody and conduct him to the Bastile.\\nHe was, however, permitted to visit his home.\\nThe cardinal, contrived, by the way, to scribble\\na line upon a scrap of paper, and, catching\\nthe eye of a trusty servant, he, unobserved,\\nslipped it into his hand. It was a direction\\nto the servant to hasten to the palace, with the\\nutmost possible speed and commit to the flames\\nall of his private papers. The king had also\\nsent officers to the cardinal s palace to seize his\\npapers and seal them for examination. By\\nalmost superhuman exertions the cardinal s\\nservant first arrived at the palace, which was\\nat the distance of several miles. His horse\\ndropped dead in the courtyard. The import-\\nant documents, which might, perhaps, have\\nshed light upon this mysterious affair, were\\nall consumed.\\nThe Countess Lamotte was also arrested, and\\nheld in close confinement to await her trial.\\nShe had just commenced living in a style of\\nextraordinary splendor, and had vast sums at\\nher disposal, acquired no one knew how. It\\nis difficult to imagine the excitement which\\nthis story produced all over Europe. It was\\nrepresented that the queen was found engaged\\nin a swindling transaction with a profligate\\nwoman to cheat the crown jeweler out of gems", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "92 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nof inestimable value, and that, being detected,\\nshe was employing all the influence of the crown\\nto shield her own reputation by consigning the\\ninnocent cardinal to infamy. The enemies of\\nthe queen, sustained by the ecclesiastics gen-\\nerally, rallied around the cardinal. The king\\nand queen, feeling that his acquittal would be\\nthe virtual condemnation of Maria Antoinette,\\nand firmly convinced of his guilt, exerted their\\nutmost influence in self-defense to bring him\\nto punishment. Rumors and counter rumors\\nfloated through Yersailles, Paris, and all the\\ncourts of the continent. The tale was rehearsed\\nin salon and cafe with every conceivable addi-\\ntion and exaggeration, and the queen hardly\\nknew which way to turn from the invectives\\nwhich were so mercilessly showered upon her.\\nHer lofty spirit, conscious of rectitude, sustained\\nher in public, and there she nerved herself to\\nappear with firmness and equanimity. But in\\nthe retirement of her boudoir she was unable\\nto repel the most melancholy imaginings, and\\noften wept with almost the anguish of a burst-\\ning heart. The sunshine of her life had now\\ndisappeared. Each succeeding day grew\\ndarker and darker with enveloping glooms.\\nThe trial of the cardinal continued, with\\nvarious interruptions, for more than a year.\\nYery powerful parties were formed for and\\nagainst him. All France was agitated by the\\nprotracted contest. The cardinal appeared", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 93\\nbefore his judges in mourning robes, but with\\nall the pageantry of tbe most imposing eccles-\\niastical costume. He was conducted into court\\nwith much ceremony, and treated with the\\ngreatest deference. In the trying moment in\\nwhich he first appeared before his judges, his\\ncourage seemed utterly to fail him. Pale and\\ntrembling with emotion, his knees bent under\\nhim, and he had to cling to a support to pre-\\nvent himself from falling to the floor. Five\\nor six voices immediately addressed him in-\\ntones of sympathy, and the president said:\\nHis eminence the cardinal is at liberty to sit\\ndown, if he wishes it. The distinguished\\nprisoner immediately took his seat with the\\nmembers of the court. Having soon recovered\\nin some degree his composure, he arose, and\\nfor half an hour addressed his judges, with\\nmuch feeling and dignity, repeating his pro-\\ntestations of entire innocence in the whole\\naffair.\\nAt the close of this protracted trial, the car-\\ndinal was fully acquitted of all guilt by a\\nmajority of three voices. The king and queen\\nwere extremely chagrined at this result. Dur-\\ning the trial, many insulting insinuations were\\nthrown out against the queen which could not\\neasily be repelled. A friend who called upon\\nher immediately after the decision, found her\\nin her closet weeping bitterly. Come, said\\nMaria, come and weep for your queen, in-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "94 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nsuited and sacrificed by cabal and injustice.\\nThe king came in at the same moment, and\\nsaid: You find the queen much afiiicted; sho\\nhas great reason to be so. They were determ^\\nined throughout this affair to see only an\\necclesiastical prince, a Prince de Eohan, while\\nhe is, in fact, a needy fellow, and all this was\\nbut a scheme to put money into his pockets.\\nIt is not necessary to be an Alexander to cut\\nthis Gordian knot. The cardinal subse-\\nquently emigrated to Germany, where he lived\\nin comparative obscurity till 1803, when he\\ndied.\\nThe Countess Lamotte was brought to trial,\\nbut with a painfuUy different result. Dressed\\nin the richest and most costlj robes, the dis-\\nsolute beauty appeared before her judges, and\\nastonished them all by her imperturbable self-\\npossession, her talents, and her cool effrontery.\\nIt was clearly proved that she had received the\\nnecklace that she had sold here and there the\\ndiamonds of which it was composed, and had\\nthus come into possession of large sums of\\nmoney. She told all kinds of stories, contra-\\ndicting herself in a thousand ways, accusing\\nnow one and again another as an accomplice,\\nand unblushingly declaring that she had no\\nintention to tell the truth, for that neither she\\nnor the cardinal had uttered one single word\\nbefore the court which had not been false.\\nShe was found guilty, and the following horri-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 95\\nble sentence was pronounced against her that\\nshe should be whipped upon the bare back in\\nthe courtyard of the prison that the letter V\\nshould be burned into the flesh on each shoul-\\nder with a hot iron and that nhe should be\\nimprisoned for life. The king and queen\\nwere as much displeased with the terrible bar-\\nbarity of the punishment of the countess as\\nthey were chagrined at the acquittal of the car-\\ndinal. As the countess was a descendant of\\nthe royal family, they felt that the ignomin-\\nious character of the punishment was intended\\nas a stigma upon them.\\nAs the countess was sitting one morning in\\nthe spacious room provided for her in the\\nprison, in a loose robe, conversing gayly with\\nsome friends, and surrounded by all the appli-\\nances of wealth, an attendant appeared to con-\\nduct her into the presence of the judges.\\nTotally unprepared for the awful doom im-\\npending over her, she rose with careless alac-\\nrity and entered the court. The terrible sen-\\ntence was pronounced. Immediately terror,\\nrage, and despair seized upon her, and a scene\\nof horror ensued which no pen can describe.\\nBefore the sentence was finished, she threw\\nherself upon the floor, and uttered the most\\npiercing shrieks and screams. The tumult of\\nagitation into which she was thrown, dreadful\\nas it was, relaxed not the stern rigor of the\\nlaw. The executioner immediately seized her,\\n8 Antoinetta", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "96 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nand dragged her, shrieking and struggling in\\na delirium of frenzy, into the courtyard of\\nthe prison. As her eye fell upon the instru-\\nroents of her ignominious and brutal punish-\\nment, she seized upon one of her executioners\\nwith her teeth, and tore a mouthful of flesh\\nfrom his arm. She was thrown upon the\\nground, her garments, with relentless violence,\\nwere stripped from her back, and the lash\\nmercilessly cut its way into her quivering\\nnerves, while her awful screams pierced the\\ndamp, chill air of the morning. The hot irons\\nwere brought, and simmered upon her recoil-\\ning flesh. The unhappy creature was then\\ncarried, mangled and bleeding, and half-dead\\nwith torture, and terror, and madness, to the\\nprison hospital. After nine months of im-\\nprisonment she was permitted to escape. She\\nfled to England, and was found one morning\\ndead upon the pavements of London, having\\nbeen thrown from a third story window in a\\nmidnight carousal.\\nSuch was the story of the Diamond Necklace.\\nThough no one can now doubt that Maria An-\\ntoinette was perfectly innocent in the whole\\naffair, it, at the time, furnished her enemies\\nwith weapons against her, which they used\\nwith fatal efficiency. It was then represented\\nthat the Countess Lamotte was an accomplice\\nof the queen in the fraudulent acquisition of\\nthe necklace, and that the Cardinal de Kohan", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "Maria Antoinette\\nLouis XVI, and the Mob. {Seep. 175.)", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "THE DIAMOND NECKLACE. 97\\nwas their deluded but innocent victim. The\\nhorrible punishment of Madame Lamotte, who\\nboasted that royal blood circulated in her\\nveins, was understood to be in contempt of\\nroyalty, and as the expression of venomous\\nfeeling toward the queen. Both Maria An-\\ntoinette and Louis felt it as such, and were\\naggrieved by the acquittal of the cardinal and\\nthe barbarous punishment of the countess.\\nWhether the cardinal was a victim or an ac-\\ncomplice is a question which never has been,\\nand now never can be, decided. The mystery\\nin which the affair is involved must remain a\\nmystery until the secrets of all hearts are re-\\nvealed at the great day of judgment. If he\\nwas the guilty instigator, and the poor countess\\nbut his tool and victim, how much has he yet\\nto be accountable for in the just retributions\\nof eternity There were three suppositions\\nadopted by the community in the attempt to\\nsolve the mystery of this transaction\\n1. The first was, that the queen had really\\nemployed the Countess Lamotte to obtain the\\nnecklace by deceiving the cardinal. That it\\nwas a trick by which the queen and the count-\\ness were to obtain the necklace, and, by selling\\nit piecemeal, to share the spoil, leaving the\\ncardinal responsible for the payment. This\\nwas the view the enemies of Maria Antoinette,\\nalmost without exception, took of the case;\\nand the sentence of acquittal of the cardinal^", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "98 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nand the horrible condemnation of the countess,\\nwere intended to sustain this view. This\\nopinion, spread through Paris and France, was\\nvery influential in rousing that animosity\\nwhich conducted Maria Antoinette to sufferings\\nmore poignant and to a doom more awful than\\nthe Countess Lamotte could possibly endure.\\n2. The second supposition was that the car-\\ndinal and the countess forged the signature of\\nthe queen to defraud the jeweler that they\\nthus obtained the rich prize of three hundred\\nand twenty thousand dollars, intending to\\ndivide the spoil between them, and throw the\\nobloquy of the transaction upon the queen.\\nThe king and queen were both fully convinced\\nthat this was the true explanation of the fraud,\\nand they retained this belief undoubted until\\nthey died.\\n3. The third supposition, and that which\\nnow is almost universally entertained, was,\\nthat the crafty woman Lamotte, by forgery,\\nand by means of an accomplice, who very\\nmuch, in figure, resembled Maria Antoinette,\\ncompletely duped the cardinal. His anxiety\\nwas such to be restored to the royal favor, that\\nhe eagerly caught at the bait which the wily\\ncountess presented to him. But, whoever may\\nhave been the guilty ones, no one now doubts\\nthat Maria Antoinette was entirely innocent.\\nShe, however, experienced all the ignominy\\nshe could have encountered had sh^ beeu ja-\\nvolved in the deepest guilt.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEK Y.\\nTHE MOB AT VEBSAILLES.\\nThe year 1789 opened upon France lower-\\ning with darkness and portentous storms. The\\nevents to which we have alluded in the preced-\\ning chapters, and various others of a similar\\nnature, conspired to foment troubles between\\nthe French monarch and his subjects, which\\nwere steadily and irresistibly increasing. The\\ngreat mass of the people, ignorant, degraded,\\nand maddened by centuries of oppression, were\\nrising, with delirious energy, to batter down a\\ncorrupt church and a despotic throne, and to\\noverwhelm the guilty and the innocent alike\\nin indiscriminate ruin. The storm had been\\ngathering for ages, but those who had been\\nmainly instrumental in raising it were now\\nslumbering in their graves. Mobs began to\\nsweep the streets of Paris, frenzied with rum\\nand rage, and all law was set at defiance. The\\nking, mild in temperament, and with no force\\nof character, was extremely averse to any\\nmeasures o\u00c2\u00a3 violence. The queen, far more\\nfc^fVf 99", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "100 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nenergetic, with the spirit of her heroic mother,\\nwould have quelled these insurrections with\\nthe strong arm of military power.\\nThe king at last was compelled, in order to\\nprotect the royal family from insult, to encamp\\nhis army around his palaces; and long trains\\nof artillery and of cavalry incessantly traversed\\nthe streets of Versailles, to prop the tottering\\nmonarchy. As Maria Antoinette, from the\\nwindows, looked down upon these formidable\\nbands, and saw the crowd of generals and col-\\nonels who filled the salons of the palace, her\\nfainting courage was revived. The sight of\\nthese soldiers, called to quell the insurgent\\npeople, roused the Parisians to the intensest\\nfury. Toarms! to arms! the king s troops\\nare coming to massacre us, resounded through\\nthe streets of Paris in the gloom of night, in\\ntones which caused the heart of every peaceful\\ncitizen to quake with terror. The infuriated\\npopulace hurled themselves upon the few\\ntroops who were in Paris. Many of the sol-\\ndiers of the king threw down their arms and\\nfraternized with the people. Others were\\nwithdrawn, by order of Louis, to add to the\\nforces which were surrounding his person at\\nVersailles. Paris was thus left at the mercy\\nof the mob. The arsenals were ransacked, the\\npowder magazines were broken open, pikes\\nwere forged, and in a day, as it were, all Paris\\nwas in arms. Thousands of the noble and the", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. 101\\nwealthy fled in consternation from these scenes\\nof ever-accumulating peril, and bands of fero-\\ncious men and women, from all the abodes of\\ninfamy, with the aspect and the energy of\\ndemons, ravaged the streets.\\nWhen the morning of the 14th of March,\\n1789, dawned upon the city, a scene of terror\\nand confusion was witnessed which baffles all\\ndescription. In the heart of Paris there was\\na prison of terrible celebrity, in whose dark\\ndungeons many victims of oppression and\\ncrime had perished. The Bastile, in its\\ngloomy strength of rock and iron, was the\\ngreat instrument of terror with which the kings\\nof France had, for centuries, held all restless\\nspirits in subjection. Now, the whole popu-\\nlation of Paris seemed to be rolling like an\\ninundation toward this apparently impreg-\\nnable fortress, resolved to batter down its exe-\\ncrated walls. **To the Bastile! to the Bas-\\ntile! was the cry which resounded along the\\nbanks of the Seine, and through every street\\nof the insurgent metropolis and men, women,\\nand boys poured on and poured on, an inter-\\nminable host, choking every avenue with the\\nagitated mass, armed with guns, knives,\\nswords, pikes dragging artillery bestrode by\\namazons, and filling the air with the clamor of\\nPandemonium. A conflict, fierce, short, bloody,\\nensued, and the exasperated multitude, many\\nof them bleeding and maddened by wounds.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "102 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nclambered over the walls and rushed through\\nthe shattered gateways, and, with yells of\\ntriumph, became masters of the Bastile. The\\nheads of its defenders were stuck upon poles\\nupon the battlements, and the mob, intoxicated\\nwith the discovery of their resistless power,\\nwere beginning to inquire in what scenes of\\nviolence they should next engage. At mid-\\nnight, couriers arrived at Versailles, informing\\nthe king and queen of the terrible insurrections\\ntriumphant in the capital, and that the royal\\ntroops everywhere, instead of being enthusias-\\ntic for the defense of the king, manifested the\\nstrongest disposition to fraternize with the\\npopulace. The tumult in Paris that night was\\nawful. The rumor had entered every ear that\\nthe king was coming with forty thousand\\ntroops to take dreadful vengeance in the indis-\\ncriminate massacre of the populace. It was a\\nnight of sleeplessness and terror the carnival\\nof all the monsters of crime who thronged that\\ndepraved metropolis. The streets were filled\\nwith intoxication and blasphemy. No dwell-\\ning was secure from pillage. The streets were\\nbarricaded, pavements torn up, and the roofs\\nof houses loaded with the stones.\\nAll the energies of the queen were aroused\\nfor a vigorous and heroic resistance. She\\nstrove to inspire the king with firmness and\\ncourage. He, however, thought only of con-\\ncessions. He wished to win back the love of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. 103\\nhis people by favors. He declared openly that\\nnever should one drop of blood be shed at his\\ncommand and, with the heroism of endur-\\nance, which he abundantly possessed, and to\\nprove that he had been grossly calumniated, he\\nleft Versailles in his carriage to go unprotected\\nto Paris, into the midst of the infuriated pop-\\nulace. Just as he was entering his carriage on\\nthis dangerous expedition, he received intelli-\\ngence that a plot was formed to assassinate him\\non the way. This, however, did not in the\\nslightest degree shake his resolution. The\\nagony of the queen was irrepressible as she\\nbade him adieu, never expecting to see him\\nagain.\\nThe National Assembly, consisting of nearly\\ntwelve hundred persons, was then in session at\\nVersailles, the great majority of them sym-\\npathizing with the populace, and yet were\\nalarmed in view of the lawless violence which\\ntheir own acts had awakened, and which was\\neverywhere desolating the land. As, on the\\nmorning of the 17th of July, the king entered\\nhis carriage with a slender retinue, and with\\nno military protection, to expose himself to\\nthe dangers of his tumultuous capital, this\\nwhole body formed in procession on foot and\\nfolloweVi- him. A countless throng of artisans\\nand peasants flocked from all the streets of\\nVersailles, and poured in from the surround-\\ning country, armed with scythes and blud-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "104 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ngeons, and joined the strange cavalcade.\\nEvery moment the multitude increased, and\\nthe road, both before and behind the king, was\\nso clogged with ihe accumulating mass, that\\nseven hours passed before the king arrived at\\nthe gates of the city. During all this time he\\nwas exposed to every conceivable insult. As\\nLouis was conducted to the Hotel de Ville, a\\nhundred thousand armed men lined the way,\\nand he passed along under the arch of their\\nsabers crossed over his head. The cup of deg-\\nradation he was compelled to drain to its\\ndregs.\\nWhile the king was absent from Versailles\\non this dreadful visit, silence and the deepest\\ngloom pervaded the palace. The queen, ap-\\nprehensive that the king would be either mas-\\nsacred or retained a prisoner in Paris, was\\noverwhelmed with the anguish of suspense.\\nShe retired to her chamber, and, with con-\\ntinually gushing tears prepared an appeal to\\nthe National Assembly commencing with these\\nwords: Gentlemn I come to place in your\\nhands the wife and family of your sovereign.\\nDo not suffer those who have been united in\\nheaven to be put asunder on earth. Late in\\nthe evening the king returned to the inexpres-\\nsible joy of his household. But the narrative\\nhe gave of the day s adventure plunged them\\nall again into the most profound grief.\\nThe visit of the king had no influence in", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. 105\\ndiminishing tho horrors of the scenes now\\nhourly enacted in the French capital. His\\nfriends were openly massacred in tho streets,\\nhung up at the lampposts, and roasted at slow\\nfires, while their dying agonies were but the\\nsubjects of derision. The contagion of crime\\nand cruelty spread to every other city in the\\nempire. The higher nobility and the more\\nwealthy citizens began very generally to aban-\\ndon their homes, seeing no escape from these\\ndangers but by x)recipitate flight to foreign\\nlands. Such was the state of affairs, when the\\nofficers of some of the regiments assembled at\\nVersailles for the i)rotection of the king had a\\npublic banquet in the salon of the opera.\\nAll the rank and elegance which had ventured\\nyet to linger around the court graced tho feast\\nwith their presence in tho surrounding boxes.\\nIn the midst of their festivities their chival-\\nrous enthusiasm was excited in behalf of the\\nking and queen. They drank their health\\nthey vowed to defend them even unto death.\\nWine had given fervor to their loyalty. The\\nladies showered upon them bouquets, waved\\ntheir handkerchiefs, and tossed to them white\\ncockades, tho emblem of Bourbon x^ower. And\\nnow the cry arose, loud, and long, and enthu-\\nsiastic, for the king and queen to come and\\nshow themselves to their defenders. The door\\nsuddenly opened, and the king and queen ap-\\npeared. Enthusiasm injiiiodiatQly rose almost", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "106 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nto frenzy. The hall resounded with accla-\\nmations, and the king, entirely unmanned by\\nthese expressions of attachment, burst into\\ntears. The band struck up the pathetic air,\\nO Kichard! O my king! the world abandons\\nyou. There was no longer any bounds to the\\ntransport. The officers and the ladies mingled\\ntogether in a scene of indescribable enthusiasm.\\nThe tidings of this banquet spread like wild-\\nfire through Paris, magnified by the grossest\\nexaggerations. It was universally believed\\nthat the officers had contemptuously trampled\\nthe tricolored cockade, the adopted emblem of\\npopular power, under their feet; that they had\\nsharpened their sabers, and sworn to extermi-\\nnate the National Assembly and the people of\\nParis. All business was at a stand. No\\nlaborer was employed. The provisions in the\\ncity were nearly all consumed. No baker\\ndared to appear with his cart, or farmer to\\nsend in his corn, for pillage was the order of\\nthe day. The exasperated and starving people\\nhung a few bakers before their own ovens, but\\nthat did not make bread any more plenty-\\nThe populace of Paris were now starving, liter-\\nally and truly starving. A gaunt and haggard\\nwoman seized a drum and strode through the\\nstreets, beating it violently, and mingling with\\nits din her shrieks of Bread! bread! A\\nfew boys follow her then a score of female\\nfuriea and then thousands of desperate n^ea,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. lOl\\nThe swelling inundation rolls from street to\\nstreet; the alarm bells are rung; all Paris com-\\nposes one mighty, resistless mob, motiveless,\\naimless, but ripe for any deed of desperation.\\nThe cry goes from mouth to mouth. To Yer-\\nsailles! to Versailles! Why, no one knows,\\nonl^^ that the king and queen are there. Im-\\npetuously as by a blind instinct the monster\\nmass moves on. La Fayette at the head of\\nthe National Guard knows not what to do, for\\nall the troops under his command sympathize\\nAvith the people and will obey no orders to re-\\nsist them. He therefore merely follows on\\nwith his thirty-five thousand troops to watch\\nthe issue of events. The king and queen are\\nwarned of the approaching danger, and Louis\\nentreats Maria Antoinette to take the children\\nin the carriages and flee to some distant place\\nof safety. Others join most earnestly in the\\nentreaty. Nothing, replies the queen,\\nshall induce me, in such an extremity, to be\\nseparated from my husband. I know that they\\nseek my life. But I am the daughter of Maria\\nTheresa, and have learned not to fear death.\\nFrom the windows of their mansion the dis-\\norderly multitude were soon described, in a\\ndense and apparently interminable mass, pour-\\ning along through the broad avenues toward\\nthe palaces of Versailles. It was in the even-\\ning twilight of a dark and rainy day. Like\\nocean tides, the frantic mob rolled in from", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "108 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nevery direction. Their shouts and revels\\nswelled upon the night air. The rain began\\nto fall in torrents. They broke into the\\nhouses for shelter; insulted maids and matrons;\\ntore down everything combustible for their\\nwatch fires massacred a few of the bodyguard\\nof the queen, and, with bacchanalian songs,\\nroasted their horses for food. And thus\\npassed the hours of this long and dreary night,\\nin hideous outrages for which one can hardly\\nfind a parallel in the annals of New Zealand\\ncannibalism. The immense gardens of Ver-\\nsailles were filled with a tumultuous ocean of\\nhalf-frantic men and women, tossed to and fro\\nin the wildest and most reckless excitement.\\nToward morning, the queen, worn out with\\nexcitement and sleeplessness, having received\\nfrom La Fayette the assurance that he had so\\nposted the guard that she need be in no appre-\\nhension of personal danger, had retired to her\\nchamber for rest. The king had also retired\\nto his apartment, which was connected with\\nthat of the queen by a hall, through which\\nthey could mutually pass. Two faithful sol-\\ndiers were stationed at the door of the queen s\\nchamber for her defense. Hardly had the\\nqueen placed her head upon her pillow before\\nshe heard a dreadful clamor upon the stairs\\nthe discharge of firearms, the clashing of\\nswords, and the shouts of the mob rushing\\nupon her door. The faithful guard, bleeding", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. 109\\nbeneath the blows of the assailants, had only\\ntime to cry to the queen, Fly fly for your\\nlife! when they were stricken down. The\\nqueen sprang from her bed, rushed to the door\\nleading to the king s apartments, when, to her\\ndismay, she found that it was locked, and that\\nthe key was upon the other side. With the\\nenergy of despair, she knocked and called for\\nhelp. Fortunately, some one rushed to her\\nrescue from the king s chamber and opened\\nthe door. The queen had just time to slip\\nthrough and again turn the key, when the\\nwhole raging mob, with oaths and impreca-\\ntions, burst into the room, and pierced her bed\\nthrough and through with their sabers and\\nbayonets. Happy would it have been for\\nMaria if in that short agony she might have\\ndied. But she was reserved by a mysterious\\nProvidence for more prolonged tortures and\\nfor a more dreadful doom.\\nA few of the National Guard, faithful to the\\nking, rallied around the royal family, and La\\nFayette soon appeared, and was barely able to\\nprotect the king and queen from massacre.\\nHe had no power to effectually resist the tem-\\npest of human jjassion which was raging, but\\nwas swept along by its violence. Nearly all\\nof the interior of the palace was ransacked and\\ndefiled by the mob. The bloody heads of the\\nmassacred guards, stuck upon pikes, were\\nraised up to the windows of the king, to insult\\n9 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "110 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nand to terrify the royal family with these\\nhideous trophies of the triumph of their foes.\\nAt length the morning succeeding this dread-\\nful night dawned lurid and cheerless. It was\\nthe 8th of October, 1789. Dark clouds over-\\nshadowed the sky, showers of mist were driven\\nthrough the air, and the branches of the trees\\nswayed to and fro before the driving storm.\\nPools of water filled the streets, and a count-\\nless multitude of drunken vagabonds, in a mass\\nso dense as to be almost impervious, besieged\\nthe palace, having no definite plan or desire,\\nonly furious with the thought that now was\\nthe hour in which they could wreak vengeance\\nupon aristocrats for ages of oppression.\\nMuskets were continually discharged by the\\nmore desperate, and bullets passed through the\\nwindows of the palace. Maria Antoinette, in\\nthese trying scenes, indeed appeared queenly.\\nHer conduct was heroic in the extreme. Her\\nsoul was nerved to the very highest acts of\\nfearlessness and magnanimity. Seeing the\\nmob in the courtyard below ready to tear in\\npieces some of her faithful guard whom they\\nhad captured, regardless of the shots which\\nwere whistling by her, she persisted in expos-\\ning herself at the open window to beg for their\\nlives; and when a friend, M. Luzerne, placed\\nhimself before her, that his body might be her\\nshield from the bullets, she gently, but firmly,\\nwith her hand, pressed him away, saying:", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. Ill\\nThG king cannot afford to lose so faithful a\\nservant as you are.\\nAt length the crowd began vigorously to\\nshout: The queen! the queen! demanding\\nthat she should appear upon the balcony.\\nShe immediately came forth, with her children\\nat her side, that, as a mother, she might ap-\\npeal to their hearts. The sight moved the\\nsympathies of the multitude; and execrating,\\nas they did, Maria Antoinette, whom they had\\nlong been taught to hate, they could not have\\nthe heart, in cold blood, to massacre these in-\\nnocent children. Thousands of voices simul-\\ntaneously shouted Away with the children\\nMaria, apparently without the tremor of a\\nnerve, led back her children, and again appear-\\ning upon the balcony alone, folded her aims,\\nand, raising her eyes to heaven, stood before\\nthem, a self-devoted victim. The heroism of\\nthe act changed for a moment hatred to admi-\\nration. Not a gun was fired; there was a\\nmoment of silence, and then one spontaneous\\nburst of applause rose apparently from every\\nlip, and shouts of Vive la reine! vive la\\nreine! pierced the skies.\\nAnd now the universal cry ascends: To\\nParis! to Paris! La Fayette, with the deep-\\nest mortification, was compelled to inform the\\nking that he had no force at his disposal suffi-\\ncient to enable him to resist the demands of\\nthe mob. The king, seeing that he was en-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "il2 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ntirely at the mercy of his foes, who were acting\\nwithout leaders and without plan, as the ca-\\nprice of each passing moment instigated, said:\\n**You wish, my children, that I should accom-\\npany you to Paris. I cannot go but on condi-\\ntion that I shall not be separated from my wife\\nand family. To this proposal there was a\\ntumultuous assent. At 1 o clock, the king\\nand queen, with their two children, entered\\nthe royal carriage to be escorted by the trium-\\nphant mob as captives to Paris. Behind\\nthem, in a long train, followed the carriages\\nof the king s suite and servants. Then fol-\\nlowed twenty-five carriages filled with the\\nmembers of the National Assembly. After\\nthem came the thirty-five thousand troops of\\nthe National Guard; and before, behind, and\\naround them all, a hideous concourse of vaga-\\nbonds, male and female, in uncounted thou-\\nsands, armed with every conceivable weapon,\\nyelling, blaspheming, and crowding against\\nthe carriages so that they surged to and fro\\nlike ships in a storm. This motley multitude\\nkept up an incessant discharge of firearms\\nloaded with bullets, and the balls often struck\\nthe ornaments of the carriages, and the king\\nand queen were often almost suffocated with\\nthe smoke of powder.\\nThe two bodyguard, who had been massa-\\ncred while so faithfully defending the queen at\\nthe door of her chamber, were beheaded, and,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. ilo\\ntheir gory heads affixed to pikes, were carried\\nby the windows of the carriage, and pressed\\nupon the view of the wretched captives with\\nevery species of insult and derision. La\\nFayette was powerless. He was borne along\\nresistlessly by this whirlwind of human pas-\\nsions. None were so malignant, so ferocious,\\nso merciless, as the degraded women who\\nmingled with the throng. They bestrode the\\ncannon singing the most indecent and insulting\\nsongs. We shall now have bread, they ex-\\nclaimed; for we have with us the baker, and\\nthe baker s wife, and the baker s boy. Dur-\\ning seven long hours of agony were the royal\\nfamily exposed to these insults, before the un-\\nwieldly mass had urged its slow way to Paris.\\nThe darkness of night was settling down\\naround the city as the royal captives were led\\ninto the Hotel de Yille. No one seemed then\\nto know what to do, or why the king and queen\\nhad been brought from Versailles. The mayor\\nof the city received them there with the exter-\\nnal mockery of respect and homage. He had\\nthem then conducted to the Tuileries, the gor-\\ngeous city palace of the kings of France, now\\nthe prison of the royal family. Soldiers were\\nstationed at all the avenues to the palace,\\nostensibly to preserve the royal family from\\ndanger, but, in reality, to guard them from\\nescape.\\nA moment before the queen entered her car-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "114 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nriage for this march of humiliation, she hastily\\nretired to her private apartment, and, bursting\\ninto tears, surrendered herself to the most un-\\ncontrollable emotion. Then immediately, as\\nif relieved and strengthened by this flood of\\ntears, she summoned all her energies, and ap-\\npeared as she had ever appeared the invincible\\nsovereign. Indeed, through all these dreadful\\nscenes she never seemed to have a thought for\\nherself. It was for her husband and her chil-\\ndren alone that she wept and suffered. Through\\nall the long hours of the night succeeding this\\nday of horror, Paris was one boiling caldron\\nof tumult and passion. Eioting and violence\\nfilled all its streets, and the clamor of madness\\nand inebriation drove sleep from every pillow.\\nThe excitement of the day had been too terrible\\nto allow either the king or the queen to attempt\\nrepose. The two children, in utter exhaustion,\\nfound a few hours of agitated slumber from the\\nterror with which they had so long been ap-\\npalled. But in the morning, when the dau-\\nphin awoke, being but six or eight years of\\nage, hearing the report of musketry and the\\nturmoil still resounding in the streets, he threw\\nhis arms around his mother s neck, and, as he\\nclung trembling to her bosom, exclaimed: 0h,\\nmother! mother! is to-day yesterday again?\\nSoon after, his father came into the room.\\nThe little prince, to whom sorrow had given a\\nmaturity above his years, contemplated his", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. 115\\nfather for a moment with a pensive air, went\\nup to him and said: Dear father, why are\\nyour people, who formerly loved you so well,\\nnow, all of a sudden, so angry with you? And\\nwhat have you done to irritate them so much?\\nThe king thus replied: I wished, my dear\\nchild, to render the people still happier than\\nthey were. I wanted money to pay the ex-\\npenses occasioned by wars. I asked the parlia-\\nment for money, as my predecessors have\\nalways done. Magistrates composing the par-\\nliament opposed it, and said that the people\\nalone had a right to consent to it. I assembled\\nthe principal inhabitants of every town,\\nwhether distinguished by birth, fortune, or\\ntalents, at Versailles. That is what is called\\nthe States- General, When they were assem-\\nbled, they required concessions of me which I\\ncould not make, either with due respect for\\nmyself or with justice to you, who will be my\\nsuccessor. Wicked men, inducing the people\\nto rise, have occasioned the excesses of the\\nlast few days. The ^eqp^e must not be blamed\\nfor them.\\nWhile these terrific scenes were passing in\\nParis and in France, the majority of the\\nnobility were rapidly emigrating to find refuge\\nin other lands. Every night the horizon was\\nillumined by the conflagration of their chateaus\\nburned down by mobs. Many of them were\\nmercilessly tortured to death. Large numbers,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "116 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nhowever, gathering around them such treasures\\nas could easily be carried away, escaped to\\nGermany on the frontiers of France. Some\\nfifteen hundred of these emigrants were at\\nCoblentz, organizing themselves into a military\\nband, seeking assistance from the Austrian\\nmonarchy, and threatening, with an over-\\nwhelming force of invasion, to recover their\\nhomes and their confiscated estates, and to\\nrescue the royal family. The populace in\\nParis were continually agitated with the rumors\\nof this gathering army at Goblentz. As Maria\\nwas an Austrian, she was accused of being in\\ncorrespondence with the emigrants, and of\\nstriving to rouse the Austrian monarchy to\\nmake war upon France, and to deluge Paris\\nwith the blood of its citizens. Most inflamma-\\ntory placards were posted in the streets.\\nSpeeches full of rancor and falsehood were\\nmade to exasperate the populace. And when\\nthe fishwomen wished to cast upon the queen\\nsome epithet of peculiar bitterness, they called\\nher The Austrian.\\nIt is confidently asserted that the mob was\\ninstigated to the march to Versailles by the\\nemissaries of the Duke of Orleans, the father\\nof Louis Philippe. The duke hoped that the\\nroyal family, terrified by the approach of the\\ninfuriated multitude, would enter their car-\\nriages and flee to join the emigrants at Cob-\\nlentz. The throne would then be vacant, and", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. lit\\nthe people woul^ make tbe Duke of Orleans,\\nwho, to secure this result, had become one of\\nthe most violent of the Democrats, their king.\\nIt was a deeply-laid plot and a very plausible\\nenterprise.\\nBut the king understood the plan, and re-\\nfused thus to be driven from the throne of his\\nfathers. He, however, entreated the queen to\\ntake the children and escape. She resolutely\\ndeclared that no peril should induce her to for-\\nsake her husband, but that she would live or\\ndie by his side. During all the horrors of\\nthat dreadful night, when the palace at Ver-\\nsailles was sacked, the duke, in disguise, with\\nhis adherents, was endeavoring to direct the\\nfury of the storm for the accomplishment of\\nthis purpose. But his plans were entirely\\nfrustrated. The caprice seized the mob to\\ncarry the king to Paris. This the Duke of\\nOrleans of all things dreaded but matters had\\nnow passed entirely beyond his control.\\nRumors of the approaching invasion were fill-\\ning the kingdom with alarm. There was a\\nlarge minority, consisting of the most intelli-\\ngent and wealthy, who were in favor of the\\nking, and who would eagerly join an army\\ncoming for his rescue. Should the king escape\\nand head that army, it would give the invaders\\na vast accession of moral strength, and the in-\\nsurgent people feared a dreadful vengeance.\\nConsequently, there were great apprehensions", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "118 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nentertained that the king migjit escape. The\\nleaders of the populace were not yet prepared\\nto plunge him into prison or to load him with\\nchains. In fact, they had no definite plan be-\\nfore them. He was still their recognized\\nking. They even pretended that he was not\\ntheir captive that they iiad politely, affection-\\nately invited him, escorted hini on a visit to\\nhis capital. They entreated the king and\\nqueen to show that they had no desire to\\nescape, but were contented and happy, by en-\\ntering into all the amusements of operas, and\\ntheaters, and balls. But in the meantime\\nthey doubled the guards around them, and\\ndrove away their faithful servants, to place\\nothers at their tables and in their chambers\\nwho should be their s]3ies.\\nBut two days after these horrid outrages, in\\nthe midst of which the king and queen were\\ndragged as captives to Paris, the city sent a\\ndeputation to request the queen to appear at\\nthe theater, and thus to prove, by participating\\nin those gay festivities, that it was with pleas-\\nure that she resided in her capital. With\\nmuch dignity the queen replied I should,\\nwith great pleasure, accede to the invitation of\\nthe people of Paris but time must be allowed\\nme to soften the recollection of the distressing\\nevents which have recently occurred, and from\\nwhich I have suffered so severely. Having\\ncome to Paris preceded by the heads of my", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "THE MOB AT VERSAILLES. 119\\nfaithful guards, who perished before the door\\nof their sovereign, I cannot think that such an\\nentry into the capital ought to be followed by\\nrejoicings. But the happiness I have always\\nfelt in appearing in the midst of the inhabi-\\ntants of Paris is not effaced from my memory\\nand I hope to enjoy that happiness again, so\\nsoon as I shall find myself able to do so.\\nThe queen was, however, increasingly the\\nobject of especial obloquy. She was accused\\nof urging the king to bombard the city, and to\\nadopt other most vigorous measures of resist-\\nance. It was affirmed that she held continual\\ncorrespondence with the emigrants at Coblentz,\\nand was doing all in her power to rouse Austria\\nto come to the rescue of the king. Maria\\nwould have been less than the noble woman she\\nwas if she had not done all this, and more, for\\nthe protection of her husband, her child, and\\nherself. She inherited her mother s superior-\\nity of mind and mental energy. Had Louis\\npossessed her spirit he might have perished\\nmore heroically, but probably none the less\\nsurely, Maria did, unquestionably, do every-\\nthing in her power to rouse her husband to a\\nmore energetic and manly defense. Genera-\\ntions of kings, by licentiousness, luxury, and\\noppression by total disregard of the rights of\\nthe people, and by the haughty contempt of\\ntheir sufferings and complaints, had kindled\\nflames of implacable hatred against ail kingly", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "120 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\npower. Circumstances, over which neither\\nLouis nor Maria had any control, caused these\\nflames to burst out with resistless fury around\\nthe throne of France, at the time in which\\nthey happened to be seated upon it. Though\\nthere never had been seated upon that throne\\nmore upright, benevolent, and conscientious\\nmonarchs, they were compelled to drain to the\\ndregs the poisoned chalice which their ances-\\ntors had mingled. Perhaps this world pre-\\nsents no more affecting illustration of that mys-\\nterious principle of the divine government, by\\nwhich the transgressions of the parents are\\nvisited upon the children. Louis XIY., as\\nhaughty and oppressive a monarch as ever trod\\nan enslaved people into the dust, died peace-\\nfully in his luxurious bed. His descendant,\\nLouis XYL, as mild and benignant a sovereign\\nas ever sat upon an earthly throne, received\\nupon his unresisting brow the doom from\\nwhich his unprincipled ancestors had escaped.\\nIt is difficult for us, in the sympathy which is\\nexcited for the comparatively innocent Maria\\nAntoinette and Louis, to remember the ages of\\nwrong and outrage by which the popular exas-\\nperation had been raised to wreak itself in in-\\ndiscriminating atrocities. There is but one\\nsolution to these mysteries: After death\\ncomes the judgment.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEE VI.\\nTHE PALACE A PRISON.\\nThe king and queen now found themselves\\nin the gorgeous apartments of the Tuileries,\\nsurrounded with all the mockery of external\\nhomage, but incessantly exposed to^ the most\\nignominious insults, and guarded with sleep-\\nless vigilance from the possibility of escape.\\nThe name of the queen was the watchword of\\npopular execration and rage. In the pride of\\nher lofty spirit, she spurned all apologies, ex-\\nplanations, or attempts at conciliation. In-\\nclosing herself in the recesses of her palace,\\nshe heard with terror and resentment, but with\\nan unyielding soul, the daily acts of violence\\nperpetrated against royalty and all of its\\nfriends. All her trusty servants were removed,\\nand spies in their stead occupied her parlors\\nand her chambers. Trembling far more for\\nher husband and her children than for herself,\\nevery noise in the streets aroused her appre-\\nhensions of a new insurrection. And thus, for\\nnearly two years of melancholy days and sor-\\nrowful nights, the very nobleness of her nature,\\nglowing with heroic love, magnified her an-\\n121", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "122 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ngtiish. The terror of the times had driven\\nnearly all the nobility from the realm. The\\ncourt was forsaken, or attended only by the\\ndetested few who were forced as ministers\\nupon the royal family by the implacable popu-\\nlace. Every word and every action of Maria\\nAntoinette were watched, and reported by the\\nspies who surrounded her in the guise of serv-\\nants. To obtain a private interview with any\\nof her few remaining friends, or even with her\\nhusband, it was necessary to avail herself of\\nprivate staircases, and dark corridors, and the\\ndisguise of night. The queen regretted ex-\\ntremely that the nobles, and others friendly to\\nroyalty, should, in these hours of gathering\\ndanger, have fled from France. When urged\\nto fly herself from the dangers darkening\\naround her, she resolutely refused, declaring\\nthat she would never leave her husband and\\nchildren, but that she would live or die with\\nthem. The queen, convinced of the impolicy\\nof emigration, did everything in her power to\\ninduce the emigrants to return. Urgent letters\\nwore sent to them, to one of which the queen\\nadded the following postcript with her own\\nhand: If you love your king, your religion,\\nyour government, and your country, return!\\nreturn return Maria Antoinette. The emi-\\ngrants were severely censured by many for\\nabandoning their king and country in such a\\ncrisis. But when all law was overthrown, and", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON. 1 23\\nthe raging mob swayed hither and thither at\\nits will, and nobles were murdered on the high-\\nway or hung at lamp posts in the street, and\\neach night the horizon was illumined by the\\nconflagation of their chateaus, a husband and\\nfather can hardly be severely censured for en-\\ndeavoring to escape with his wife and children\\nfrom such scenes of horror.\\nA year of gloom now slowly passed away,\\nalmost every moment of which was imbittered\\nby disappointed hopes and gathering fears.\\nThe emigrants, who were assembled at Cob-\\nlentz, on the frontiers of Germany, were organ-\\nizing an army for the invasion of France and\\nthe restoration of the regal power. The\\npeople were very fearful that the king and\\nqueen might escape, and, joining the emigrants,\\nadd immeasurably to their moral strength.\\nThere were thousands in France, overawed by\\nthe terrors of the mob, who would most\\neagerly have rallied around the banners of such\\nan invading army, headed by their own king.\\nLouis, however, with his characteristic want of\\nenergy, was very unwilling to assume a hostile\\nattitude toward his subjects, and still vainly\\nhoped, by concessions and by the exhibition\\nof a forgiving spirit, to reconcile his disaffected\\npeople.\\nOn the morning after the arrival of the king\\nand queen at the Tuileries, an occurrence took\\nplace highly characteristic of the times. A\\n10 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "124 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ncrowd of profligate women, the same who be-\\nstrode the cannon the day before, insulting the\\nqueen with the most abusive language, col-\\nlected under the queen s windows, upon the\\nterrace of the palace. Maria, hearing their\\noutcries, came to the window. A furious ter-\\nmagant addressed her, telling her that she\\nmust dismiss all such courtiers as ruin kings,\\nand that she must love the inhabitants of her\\ngood city. The queen replied\\nI have loved them at Versailles, and will\\nalso love them at Paris.\\nTes! yes! answered another. Butyou\\nwanted to besiege the city and have it bom-\\nbarded. And you wanted to fly to the fron-\\ntiers and join the emigrants.\\nThe queen mildly replied: You have been\\ntold so, my friends, and have believed it, and\\nthat is the cause of the unhappiness of the\\npeople and of the best of kings.\\nAnother addressed her in German, to which\\nthe queen answered: I do not understand\\nyou. I have become so entirely French as\\neven to have forgotten my mother tongue.\\nAt this they all clapped their hands, and\\nshouted: Bravo! bravo! They then asked\\nfor the ribbons and flowers out of her hat.\\nHer majesty unfastened them herself, and then\\ntossed the-iQ out of the window to the women.\\nThey were received with great eagerness, and\\ndivided among the party and for half an hour", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON. 125\\nihey kept up the incessant shout: Maria\\nAntoinette forever Our good queen forever\\nIn the course of a few weeks some of the de-\\nvoted friends of the queen had matured a plan\\nby which her escape could be, without difficulty,\\neffected. The queen, whose penetrating mind\\nfully comprehended the peril of her situation,\\nreplied, while expressing the deepest gratitude\\nto her friends for their kindness **I will never\\nleave either the king or my children. If I\\nthought that I alone were obnoxious to public\\nhatred, I would instantly offer my life as a\\nsacrilice. But it is the throne which is aimed\\nat. In abandoning the king, no other advan-\\ntage can be obtained than merely saving my\\nlife; and I will never be guilty of such an act\\nof cowardice.\\nThe following letter, which she wrote at this\\ntime to a friend, in reply to a letter of sym-\\npathy in reference to the outrage which had\\ntorn her from Versailles, will enable one to\\nform a judgment of her situation and state of\\nmind at that time. I shed tears of affection\\non reading your sympathizing letter. You\\ntalk of my courage it required much less to\\ngo through the dreadful crisis of that day than\\nis now daily necessary to endure our situa-\\ntion, our own griefs, those of our friends, and\\nthose of the persons who surround us. This\\nis a heavy weight to sustain and but for the\\nstrong ties by which my heart is bound to my", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "126 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nhusband, ray children, and my friends, I\\nshould wish to sink under it. But you bear\\nme up. I ought to sacrifice such feelings to\\nyour friendship. But it is I who bring mis-\\nfortune on you all, and all your troubles are\\non my account.\\nThe queen now lived for some time in much\\nretirement. She employed the mornings in\\nsuperintending the education of her son and\\ndaughter, both of whom received all their les-\\nsons in her presence, and she endeavored to\\noccupy her mind, continually agitated as it\\nwas by ever-recurring scenes of outrage and of\\ndanger, by working large pieces of tapestry.\\nShe could not sufficiently recall her thoughts\\nfrom the anxieties which continually engrossed\\nthem to engage in reading. The king was\\nextremely unwilling to seek protection in\\nflight, lest the throne should be declared\\nvacant, and he should thus lose his crown.\\nHe was ever hoping that affairs would take\\nsuch a turn that harmony would be restored to\\nhis distracted kingdom. Maria Antoinette,\\nhowever, who had a much more clear discern-\\nment of the true state of affairs, soon felt con-\\nvinced that reconciliation, unless effected by\\nthe arm of power, was hopeless, and she ex-\\nerted all her influence to rouse the king to vig-\\norous measures for escape. While firmly re-\\nsolved never to abandon her husband and her\\nfamily to save her own life, she still became", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON. 127\\nvery anxious that all should endeavor to escape\\ntogether.\\nAbout this time the Marquis of Favras was\\naccused of having formed a plan for the rescue\\nof the royal family. He was very hastily\\ntried, the mob surrounding the tribunal and\\nthreatening the judges with instant death un-\\nless they should condemn him. He was sen-\\ntenced to be hung, and was executed, sur-\\nrounded by the insults and execrations of the\\npopulace of Paris. The marquis left a wife\\nand a little boy overwhelmed with grief and in\\nhopeless poverty. On the following Sunday\\nmorning, some extremely injudicious friends\\nof the queen, moved with sympathy for the\\ndesolated family, without consulting the queen\\nupon the subject, presented the widow and the\\norphan in deepest mourning at court. The\\nhusband and father had fallen a sacrifice to his\\nlove for the queen and her family. The queen\\nwas extremely embarrassed. What course\\ncould she with safety pursue? If she should\\nyield to the dictates of her own heart, and give\\nexpression to her emotions of sympathy and\\ngratitude, she would rouse to still greater fury\\nthe indignation of the populace who were\\naccusing her of the desire to escape, and who\\nconsidered this desire as one of the greatest of\\ncrimes. Should she, on the other hand, sur-\\nrender herself to the dictates of prudence, and\\naeglect openly to manifest any special interest", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "128 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nin their behalf, how severely must she be cen-\\nsured by the Loyalists for her ingratitude to-\\nward those who had been irretrievably ruined\\nthrough their love for her.\\nThe queen was extremely pained by this un-\\nexpected and impolitic presentation; for the\\nfate of others, far dearer to her than her own\\nlife, were involved in her conduct. She with-\\ndrew from the painful scene to her private\\napartment, threw herself into a chair, and,\\nweeping bitterly, said to an intimate friend\\nWe must perish! We are assailed by men\\nwho possess extraordinary talent, and who\\nshrink from no crime. We are defended by\\nthose who have the kindest intention, but who\\nhave no adequate idea of our situation. They\\nhave exposed me to the animosity of both\\nparties by presenting to me the widow and the\\nson of the Marquis of Favras. Were I free to\\nact as my heart impels me, I should take the\\nchild of the man who has so nobly sacrificed\\nhimself for us, and adopt him as my own, and\\nplace him at the table between the king and\\nmyself. But, surrounded by the assassins\\nwho have destroyed his father, I did not dare\\neven to cast my eyes upon him. The Eoyal-\\nists will blame me for not having appeared in-\\nterested in this poor child. The Eevolutionists\\nwill be enraged at the idea that his presenta-\\ntion should have been thought agreeable to\\nme. The nest day the queen sent, by a con-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON. 1^9\\nfidential friend, a purse of gold to Madame\\nFavras, and assured her that she would ever\\nwatch, with the deepest interest, over her for-\\ntune and that of her son.\\nInnumerable plans were now formed for the\\nrescue of the royal family, and abandoned.\\nThe king could not be roused to energetic\\naction. His passive courage was indomitable,\\nbut he could not be induced to act on the\\noffensive, and, still hoping that by a spirit of\\nconciliation he might win back the affections of\\nhis people, he was extremely reluctant to take\\nany measures by which he should be arrayed\\nin hostility against them. Maria, on the con-\\ntrary, knew that decisive action alone could be\\nof any avail. One night, about 10 o clock,\\nthe king and queen were sitting in their private\\napartment of the Tuileries, endeavoring to be-\\nguile the melancholy hours by a game of cards.\\nThe sister of the king, Madame Elizabeth,\\nwith a very pensive countenance, was kneeling\\nupon a stool, by the side of the table, over-\\nlooking the game. A nobleman. Count d lnis-\\ndal, devotedly attached to the fortunes of the\\nroyal family, entered, and, in a low tone of\\nvoice, informed the king and queen that a plan\\nwas already matured to rescue them that very\\nnight that a section of the National Guard\\nwas gained over, that sets of fleet horses were\\nplaced in relays at suitable distances, that car-\\nriages were ready, and that now they only", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "130 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwanted the king s consent, and the scheme, at\\nmidnight, would be carried into execution.\\nThe king listened to every word without the\\nmovement of a muscle of his countenance, and,\\nfixing his eyes upon the cards in his hand, as\\nif paying no attention to what had been said,\\nuttered not a syllable. For some time there\\nwas perfect silence. At last Maria Antoinette,\\nwho was extremely anxious- that the king\\nshould avail himself of this opportunity for\\nescape, broke the embarrassing silence by say-\\ning: **Do you hear, sir, what is said to us?\\nYes, replied the king, calmly, I hear,\\nand he continued his game. Again there was\\na long silence. The queen, extremely anxious\\nand impatient, for the hour of midnight was\\ndrawing near, again interrupted the silence\\nby saying earnestly: But, sir, some reply\\nmust be made to this communication. The\\nking paused for a momeot, and then, still look-\\ning upon the cards in his hand, said: TAe\\nking cannot consent to he carried off. Maria\\nAntoinette was greatly disappointed at the\\nwant of decision and of magnanimity implied\\nin this answer. She, however, said to the\\nnobleman very eagerly Be careful and report\\nthis answer correctly, the king cannot consent\\nto be carried off. The king s answer was\\ndoubtless intended as a tacit consent, while he\\nwished to avoid the responsibility of partici-\\npating in the design. The count, however.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "THE t^ALACEl A PRISON. 131\\nwas greatly displeased at this answer, and\\nsaid to his associates: I understand it per-\\nfectly. He is willing that we should seize\\nand carry him, as if by violence, but wishes,\\nin case of failure, to throw all the blame upon\\nthose who are periling their lives to save\\nhim. The queen hoped earnestly that the\\nenterprise would not be abandoned, and sat up\\ntill after midnight preparing her cases of valua-\\nbles, and anxiously watching for the coming of\\ntheir deliverers. But the hours lingered\\naway, and the morning dawned, and the\\npalace was still their prison. The queen,\\nshortly after, remarking upon this indecision\\nof the king, said: ^*We must seek safety in\\nflight. Our peril increases every day. No\\none can tell to what extremities these disturb-\\nances will lead.\\nLa Fayette had informed the king, that,\\nshould he see any alarming movement among\\nthe disaffected, threatening the exposure of\\nthe royal family to new acts of violence, he\\nwould give them an intimation of their danger\\nby the discharge of a few cannon from the\\nbattery upon the Pont Neuf. One night the\\nreport of guns from some casual discharge was\\nheard, and the king, regarding it as the warn-\\ning, in great alarm flew to the apartments of\\nthe queen. She was not there. He passed\\nhastily from room to room, and at last found\\nher in the chamber of the dauphin, with her", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "13^ MARIA ANtOtNETTEi\\ntwo children in her arms. Madame, said\\nthe king to her, I have been seeking you. I\\nwas very anxious about you.\\nYou find me, replied the queen, pointing\\nto her children, at my station.\\nSeveral unavailing attempts were made at\\nthis time to assassinate the queen. These dis-\\ncoveries, however, seemed to cause Maria no\\nalarm, and she could not be induced to adopt\\nany precautions for her personal safety.\\nEarely did a day pass in which she did not\\nencounter, in some form, ignominy or insult.\\nAs the heat of summer came on, the royal\\nfamily removed to the palace of St. Cloud\\nwithout any opposition, though the National\\nGuard followed them, professedly for their\\nprotection, but, in reality, to guard against\\ntheir escape. Here another plan was formed\\nfor flight. The different members of the royal\\nfamily, in disguise, were to meet in a wood\\nfour leagues from St. Cloud. Some friends\\nof the royal family, who could be perfectly re-\\nlied upon, were there to join them. A large\\ncarriage was to be in attendance, sufficient to\\nconduct the whole family. The attendants at\\nthe palace would have no suspicion of their\\nescape until 9 o clock in the evening, as the\\nroyal carriages were frequently out until that\\nhour, and it would then take some time to\\nsend to Paris to call together the National\\nAssembly at midnight, and to send couriers to", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON. 133\\novertake the fugitives. Thus, with fleet\\nhorses and fresh relays, and having six or\\nseven hours the start, the king and queen\\nmight hope to escape apprehension. The\\nqueen very highly approved of this plan, and\\nv^^as very anxious to have it carried into execu-\\ntion. But, for some unknown reason, the at-\\ntempt was relinquished.\\nThere were occasional exhibitions of strong\\nindividual attachment for the king and queen,\\nwhich would, for a moment, create the illusion\\nthat a reaction had commenced in the public\\nmind. One day the queen was sitting in her\\napartment at St. Cloud, in the deepest dejec-\\ntion of spirits, mechanically working upon\\nsome tapestry to occupy the joyless and linger-\\ning hours. It was 4 o clock in the afternoon.\\nThe palace was deserted and silent. The very\\nearth and sky seemed mourning in sympathy\\nwith the mourning queen. Suddenly, an un-\\nusual noise, as of many persons conversing in\\nan undertone, was heard beneath the window.\\nThe queen immediately rose and went to the\\nwindow for every unaccustomed sound was,\\nin such perilous times, an occasion of alarm.\\nBelow the balcony, she saw a group of some\\nfifty persons, men and women, from the coun-\\ntry, apparently anxious to catch a glimpse of\\nher. They were evidently humble people,\\ndressed in the costume of peasants. As soon\\nas they saw the queen, they gave utterance to", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "134 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe most passionate expressions of attachment\\nand devotion. The queen, who had long been\\naccustomed only to looks and words of defiance\\nand insult, was entirely overpowered by these\\nkind words, and could not refrain from burst-\\ning into tears. The sight of the weeping\\nqueen redoubled the affectionate emotions of\\nthe loyal group, and, with the utmost enthus-\\niasm, they reiterated their assurances of love\\nand their prayers for her safety. A lady of\\nthe queen s household, apprehensive that the\\nscene might arrest the attention of the numer-\\nous spies who surrounded them, led her from\\nthe window. The affectionate group, appre-\\nciating the prudence of the measure, with\\ntears of sympathy expressed their assent, and\\nwith prayers, tears, and benedictions, retired.\\nMaria was deeply touched by these unwonted\\ntones of kindness, and, throwing herself into\\nher chair, sobbed with uncontrollable emotion.\\nIt was long before she could regain her ac-\\ncustomed composure.\\nMany unsuccessful attempts were made at\\nthis time to assassinate the queen. A wretch\\nby the name of Kotondo succeeded one day in\\nscaling the walls of the garden, and hid him-\\nself in the shrubberj^ intending to stab the\\nqueen as she passed in her usual solitary\\npromenade. A shower prevented the queen\\nfrom going into the garden, and thus her life\\nwas saved. And yet, though the assassin was", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON. 135\\ndiscovered and arrested, the hostility of the\\npublic toward the royal family was such that he\\nwas shielded from punishment.\\nThe king and queen occasionally h eld priv-\\nate interviews at midnight, with chosen\\nfriends, secretly introduced to the palace, in\\nthe apartment of the queen. And there, in\\nlow tones of voice, and fearful of detection by\\nthe numerous spies which infested the palace,\\nthey would deliberate upon their peril, and\\nupon the innumerable plans suggested for their\\nextrication. Some recommended the resort to\\nviolence that the king should gather around\\nhim as many of his faithful subjects as possi-\\nble, and settle the difficulties by an immediate\\nappeal to arms. Others urged further com-\\npromise, and the spirit of conciliation, hoping\\nthat the king might thus regain his lost popu-\\nlarity, and re-establish his tottering throne.\\nOthers urged, and Maria coincided most cor-\\ndially in this opinion, that it was necessary\\nfor the royal family to escape from Paris im-\\nmediately, which was the focus of disaffection,\\nand at a safe distance, surrounded by their\\narmed friends, to treat with their enemies and\\nto compel them to reasonable terms. The in-\\ndecision of the king, however, appeared to be\\nan insuperable obstacle in the way of any de-\\ncisive action.\\nOne day a delegation appeared before the\\nroyal family from the Conquerors of the Bas-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "136 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ntile, with a new year s gift for the young dau-\\nphin. The present consisted of a box of domi-\\nnoes curiously wrought from the stone of which\\nthat celebrated state prison was built. It was\\nan ingenious plan to insult the royal family\\nunder the pretense of respect and affection, for\\non the lid of the box there was engraved the fol-\\nlowing sentiment These stones, from the\\nwalls which inclosed the innocent victims of arbi-\\ntrary power, have been converted into a toy, to be\\npresented to you, monseigneur, as an homage of the\\npeople s love, and to teach you the extent of their\\npower.\\nAbout this time, the two aunts of the king\\nleft France, ostensibly for the purpose of\\ntraveling, but, in reality, as an experiment, to\\nsee what opposition would be made to prevent\\nmembers of the royal family from leaving the\\nkingdom. As soon as their intention was\\nknown, it excited the greatest popular ferment.\\nA vast crowd of men and women assembled at\\nthe palace, to prevent, if possible, with law-\\nless violence, their departure. It was merely\\ntwo elderly ladies who wished to leave France,\\nbut the excitement pervaded even the army,\\nand many of the soldiers joined the mob in the\\ndetermination that they should not be per-\\nmitted to depart. The traces of the carriages\\nwere cut, and the oflQcers, who tried to protect\\nthe princesses, were nearly murdered. The\\nwhole nation was agitated by the attempts of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "Maria A it int,li\\nThe Princess Lamballe Bstore the Tribunal. {See p. 202.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON. 137\\nthese two peaceful ladies to visit Eome.\\nWhen at some distance from Paris, they were\\narrested, and the report of their arrest was sent\\nto the National Assembly. The king found\\nthe excitement so great, that he wrote a letter\\nto the Assembly, informing them that his\\naunts wished to leave France to visit other\\ncountries, and that, though he witnessed their\\nseparation from him and his family with much\\nregret, he did not feel that he had any right to\\ndeprive them of the privilege which the hum-\\nblest citizens enjoyed, of going whenever and\\nwherever they pleased. The question of their\\ndetention was for a long time debated in the\\nAssembly. *What right, said one, **have\\nwe to prohibit these ladies from traveling.\\nWe have a law, another indignantly re-\\nplied, paramount to all others the law\\nwhich commands us to take care of the public\\nsafety. The debate was finally terminated\\nby the caustic remark of a member who\\nwas ashamed of the protracted discussion.\\nEurope, said he, will be greatly aston-\\nished, no doubt, on hearing that the National\\nAssembly spent four hours in deliberating upon\\nthe departure of two ladies who preferred hear-\\ning mass at Eome rather than at Paris. The\\ndebate was thus terminated, and the ladies\\nwere permitted to depart.\\nEarly in the spring of 1791, the king and\\nqueen, who had been passing some time in\\n11 Antoinetts", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "138 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nParis at the Tuileries, wished to return to their\\ncountry seat at St. Cloud. Many members of\\nthe household had already gone there, and din-\\nner was prepared for the royal family at the\\npalace for their reception. The carriages\\nwere at the door, a^nd, as the king and queen\\nwere descending, a great tumult in the yard\\narrested their attention. They found that the\\nguard, fearful that they might escape, had\\nmutinied, and closed the door of the palace,\\ndeclaring that they would not let them pass.\\nSome of the personal friends of the king inter-\\nposed in favor of the insulted captives, and en-\\ndeavored to secure for them more respectful\\ntreatment. They were, however, seized by the\\ninfuriated soldiers, and narrowly escaped with\\ntheir lives. The king and queen returned in\\nhumiliation to their apartments, feeling that\\ntheir palace was indeed a prison. They, how-\\never, secretly did not regret the occurrence, as\\nit made more public the indignities to which\\nthey were exposed, and would aid in justifying\\nbefore the community any attempts they might\\nhereafter make to escape.\\nThe king had at length become thoroughly\\naroused to a sense of the desperate position of\\nhis affairs. But the royal family was watched\\nso narrowly that it was now extremely difficult\\nto make any preparations for departure and\\nthe king and queen, both having been brought\\nup surrounded by the luxuries and restraints", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON. 13\u00c2\u00a7\\nof a palace, knew so little of the world, and\\nyet were so accustomed to have their own way,\\nthat they were entirely incapable of forming\\nany judicious plan for themselves, and, at the\\nsame time, they were quite unwilling to adopt\\nthe views of their more intelligent friends.\\nThey began, however, notwithstanding the most\\nearnest remonstrances, to make preparations\\nfor flight by providing themselves with Qvery\\nconceivable comfort for their exile. In vain\\ndid their friends assure them that they could\\npurchase anything they desired in any part of\\nEurope; that such quantities of luggage\\nwould be only an incumbrance that it was\\ndangerous, under the eyes of their vigilant\\nenemies, to be making such extensive prepara-\\ntions. Neither the king nor queen would heed\\nsuch monitions. The queen persisted in her\\nresolution to send to Brussels, piece by piece,\\nall the articles of a complete and extensive\\nwardrobe for herself and her children, to be\\nready for them there upon their arrival. Ma-\\ndame Campan, the intimate friend and com-\\npanion of the queen, was extremely uneasy in\\nview of this imprudence; but, as she could not\\ndissuade the queen, she went out again and\\nagain, in the evening and in disguise, to pur-\\nchase the necessary articles and have them\\nmade up. She adopted the precaution of pur-\\nchasing but few articles at any one shop, and\\nof employing various seamstresses, lest sus-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "140 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\npicion should be excited. She had the gar-\\nments made for the daughter of the queen, cut\\nby the measure of another young lady who\\nexactly resembled her in size. Gradually they\\nthus filled one large trunk with clothing, which\\nwas sent to the dwelling of a lady, one of the\\nfriends of the queen, who was to convey it to\\nBrussels.\\nThe queen had a very magnificent dressing-\\ncase, which cost twelve hundred dollars. This\\nshe also determined that she could not leave\\nbehind. It could not be taken from the palace,\\nand sent away out of the country, without at-\\ntracting attention, and leading at once to the\\nconviction that the queen was to follow it. The\\nqueen, in her innocent simplicity of mankind,\\nthought that the people could be blinded like\\nchildren, by telling them that she intended to\\nsend it as a present to the Archduchess Chris-\\ntina. However, by the most earnest remon-\\nstrances of her friends, she was induced only\\nso far to change her plan as to consent that the\\ncharge d affaires from Vienna should ask her\\nat her toilet, and in the presence of all around\\nher, to have just such a dressing-case made for\\nthe archduchess. This plan was carried into\\nexecution, and the dressing-case was thus\\npublicly made but, as it could not be finished\\nin season, the queen sent her own dressing-\\ncase, saying that she would keep the new one\\nherself. It, however, did not deceive the spies", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "THE PALACE A PRISON.\\n141\\nwho surrounded the queen. They noticed all\\nthese preparations, and communicated them to\\nthe authorities. She also very deliberately\\ncollected all her diamonds and jewels in her\\nprivate boudoir, and beguiled the anxious\\nhours in inclosing them in cotton and packing\\nthem away. These diamonds, carefully boxed\\nwere placed in the hands of the queen s hair-\\ndresser, a man in whom she could confide to be\\ncarried by him to Brussels. He faithfully\\nfulfilled his trust. But one of the women of\\nthe queen whom she did not suspect of treach-\\nery, but who was a spy of the Assembly, en-\\ntered her boudoir by false keys when the queen\\nwas absent, and reported all these proceedings.\\nThe hair-dresser perished upon the scaffold\\nfor his fidelity. Let the name of Leonard be\\nhonored. The infamous informer has gone to\\noblivion, and we will not aid even to embalm\\nher name in contempt.\\nThe Mob March inaj to A^ersailles.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "2\\nmm\\nW\\nt^\\n^^^(ff---.\\nS[^S^^55-X\\nCHAPTEK yn.\\nTHE FLIGHT.\\nThe ferment in the National Assembly was\\nsteadily and strongly increasing. Every day\\nbrought new rumors of the preparation of the\\nemigrants to invade France, aided by the\\narmies of monarchical Europe, and to desolate\\nthe rebellious empire with fire and sword.\\nTidings were floating upon every breeze grossly\\nexaggerated of the designs of the king and\\nqueen to escape, to join the avenging army\\nand to wreak a terrible vengeance upon their\\ncountry. Furious speeches were made in the\\nAssembly and in the streets, to rouse to mad-\\nness the people, now destitute of work and of\\nbread. Citizens, ferociously exclaimed\\nMarat, watch, with an eagle eye, that palace,\\nthe impenetrable den where plots are ripening\\nagainst the people. There a perfidious queen\\nlords it over a treacherous king, and rears the\\ncubs of tyranny. Lawless priests there con-\\nsecrate the arms which are to be bathed in the\\nblood of the people. The genius of Austria\\nis there, guided by the Austrian Antoinette.\\nThe emigrants are there stimulated in their\\n142", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 143\\nthirst for vengeance. Every night the nobil-\\nity, with concealed daggers, steal into this\\nden. They are knights of the poniard as-\\nsassins of the people. Why is not the prop-\\nerty of emigrants confiscated their houses\\nburned a price set upon their heads? The\\nking is ready for flight. Watch watch a\\ngreat blow is preparing\u00e2\u0080\u0094 is ready to burst; if\\nyou do not prevent it by a counter blow more\\nsudden, more terrible, the people and liberty\\nare annihilated.\\nThe king and queen, in the apartments where\\nthey were virtually imprisoned, read these\\nangry and inflammatory appeals, and both now\\nfelt that no further time was to be lost in at-\\ntempting to effect their escape. It was known\\nthat the brother of the king, subsequently\\nCharles X., was going from court to court in\\nEurope, soliciting aid for the rescue of the\\nillustrious prisoners. It was known that the\\nKing of Austria, brother of Maria Antoinette,\\nhad promised to send an army of thirty-five\\nthousand men to unite with the emigrants at\\nCoblentz in their march upon Paris. Every\\nmonarch in Europe was alarmed, in view of\\nthe instability of his own throne, should the\\nrebellion of the people against the throne in\\nFrance prove triumphant; and Spain, Prussia,\\nSardinia, Naples, and Switzerland had guar-\\nanteed equal forces to assist in the re-establish-\\nment of the French monarchy. It is not", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "144 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nstrange that the exasperation of the people\\nshould have been aroused by the knowledge\\nof these facts beyond all bounds. And their\\nleaders were aware that they were engaged in\\na conflict in which defeat was inevitable death.\\nThe king had now resolved, if possible, to\\nescape. He. however, declared that it never\\nwas his intention to join the emigrants and in-\\nvade France with a foreign force. That, on\\nthe contrary, he strongly disapproved of the\\nmeasures adopted by the emigrants as calcu-\\nlated only to increase the excitement against\\nthe throne, and to peril his cause. He de-\\nclared that it was only his wish to escape from\\nthe scenes of violence, insult, and danger to\\nwhich he was exposed in Paris, and some-\\nwhere on the frontiers of his kingdom to sur-\\nround himself by his loyal subjects, and there\\nendeavor amicably to adjust the difficulties\\nwhich desolated the empire. The character of\\nthe king renders it most probable that such\\nwas his intention, and such has been the ver-\\ndict of posterity.\\nBut there was another source of embarrass-\\nment which extremely troubled the royal family.\\nThe emigrants were deliberating upon the ex-\\npediency of declaring the throne vacant by de-\\nfault of the king s liberty, and to nominate his\\nbrother M. le Comte d Artois regent in his\\nstead. The king greatly feared this moral for-\\nfeiture of the throne with which he was men-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 145\\naced under the pretense of delivering him.\\nHe was justly apprehensive that the advance\\nof an invading army, under the banners of his\\nbrother, would be the signal for the immediate\\ndestruction of himself and family. Flight,\\nconsequently, had become his only refuge;\\nand flight was encompassed with the most fear-\\nful perils. Long and agonizing were the\\nmonths of deliberation in which the king and\\nqueen saw these dangers hourly accumulating\\naround them, while each day the vigilance of\\ntheir enemies was redoubled, and the chances\\nof escape diminished.\\nThe following plan was at last adopted for\\nthe flight. The royal family were to leave\\nParis at midnight in disguise, in two carriages,\\nfor Montmedy, on the frontiers of France and\\nGermany, about two hundred miles from\\nParis. This town was within the limits of\\nFrance, so that the king could not be said to\\nhave fled from his kingdom. The nearest\\nroad and the great public throughfare led\\nthrough the city of Kheims; but, as the king\\nhad been crowned there, he feared that he\\nmight meet some one by whom he would be\\nrecognized, and he therefore determined to take\\na more circuitous route, by by-roads and\\nthrough small and unfrequented villages.\\nEelays of horses were to be privately conveyed\\nto all these villages, that the carriages might\\nbe drawn on with the greatest rapidity, and", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "110 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nsmall detachments of soldiers were to be\\nstationed at important posts, to resist any\\ninterruption which might possibly be at-\\ntempted by the peasantry. The king also\\nhad a large carriage built privately, expressly\\nfor himself and his family, while certain nec-\\nessary attendants were to follow in another.\\nThe Marquis de Bouille, who commanded a\\nportion of the troops still faithful to the king,\\nwas the prime confidant and helper in this\\nmovement. He earnestly, but in vain, en-\\ndeavored to induce the king to make some\\nalterations in this plan. He entreated him, in\\nthe first place, not to excite suspicion by the\\nuse of a peculiar carriage constructed for his\\nown use, but to make use of common carriages\\nsuch as were daily seen traversing the roads.\\nHe also besought him to travel by the com-\\nmon highway, where relays of horses were at\\nall times ready by night and by day. He\\nrepresented to the king that, should he take\\nthe unfrequented route, it would be necessary\\nto send relays of horses beforehand to all these\\nlittle villages; that so unusual an occurrence\\nwould attract attention and provoke inquiry.\\nHe urged also upon the king that detachments\\nof troops sent along these solitary roads would\\nexcite curiosity, and would inevitably create\\nsuspicion. The king, however, self-willed,\\nrefused to heed these remonstrances, and per-\\nsisted in his own plan. He, however, con-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 147\\nsented to take with him the Marquis d Agoult,\\na man of great firmness and energy, to advise\\nand assist in the unforeseen accidents which\\nmight embarrass the enterprise. He also re-\\nluctantly consented to ask the Emperor of\\nAustria to make a threatening movement to-\\nward the frontier, which would be an excuse\\nfor the movement through these villages of de-\\ntachments of French troops.\\nThese arrangements made, the Marquis de\\nBouille sent a faithful officer to take an accurate\\nsurvey of the road, and present a report to the\\nking. He then, under various pretexts, re-\\nmoved to a distance those troops who were\\nknown to be disaffected to the royal cause, and\\nendeavored to gather along the line of flight\\nthose in whose loyalty he thought he could\\ncon^de.\\n/At the palace of the Tuileries, the secret of\\nthe contemplated flight had been confided only\\nto the king, the queen, the Princess Elizabeth,\\nsister of the king, and two or three faithful\\nattendants. The Count de Fersen, a most\\nnoble-spirited young gentleman from Sweden,\\nmost cheerfully periled his life in undertaking\\nthe exterior arrangements of this hazardous\\nenterprise. He had often been admitted, in\\nthe happy days of Maria Antoinette, to the\\nparties and fetes which lent wings to the hours\\nat the Little Trianon, and chivalrous admira-\\ntion of her person and character induced him", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "148 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nto consecrate himself with the most passionate\\ndevotion to her cause. Three soldiers of the\\nbodyguard, Yalorg, Monstrei, and Maldan,\\nwere also received into confidence, and unhesi-\\ntatingly engaged in an enterprise in which suc-\\ncess was extremely problematical, and failure\\nwas certain death. They, disguised as serv-\\nants, were to mount behind the carriages, and\\nprotect the royal family at all risks.\\nThe night of the 20th of June at length ar-\\nrived, and the hearts of the royal inmates of\\nthe Tuileries throbbed violently as the hour\\napproached which was to decide their destiny.\\nAt the hour of 11, according to their custom,\\nthey took leave of those friends who were in\\nthe habit of paying their respects to them at\\nthat time, and dismissed their attendants as if\\nto retire to their beds. As soon as they were\\nalone, they hastily, and with trembling hands,\\ndressed themselves in the disguises which had\\nbeen prepared for their journey, and by differ-\\nent doors and at different times left the palace.\\nIt was the dark hour of midnight. The\\nlights glimmered feebly from the lamps, but\\nstill there was the bustle of crowds coming and\\ngoing in those ever-busy streets. The queen,\\nin her traveling dress, leaning upon the arm\\nof one of the bodyguard, and leading her little\\ndaughter Maria Theresa by the hand, passed\\nout at a door in the rear of the palace, and\\nhastened through the Place du Carrousel, and,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 149\\nlosing her way, crossed the Seine by the Pont\\nKoyal, and wandered for some time through the\\ndarkest and most obscure streets before she\\nfound the two hackney-coaches which were\\nwaiting for them at the Quai des Theatins.\\nThe king left the palace in a similar manner,\\nleading his son Louis by the hand. He also\\nlost his way in the unfrequented streets through\\nwhich it was necessary for him to pass. The\\nqueen waited for half an hour in the most in-\\ntense anxiety before the king arrived. At last,\\nhowever, all were assembled, and, entering the\\nhackney-coaches, the Count de Fersen, dis-\\nguised as a coachman, leaped up on the box,\\nand the wheels rattled over the pavements of\\nthe city as the royal family fled in this ob-\\nscurity from their palace and their throne.\\nThe emotions excited in the bosoms of the\\nillustrious fugitives were too intense, and the\\nperils to which they were exposed too dreadful,\\nto allow of any conversation. Grasping each\\nother s hands, they sat in silence through the\\ndark hours, with the gloomy remembrance of\\nthe past oppressing their spirits, and with the\\ndread that the light of morning might introduce\\nthem to new disasters. A couple of hours of\\nsilence and gloom passed slowly away, and the\\ncoaches arrived at Bondy, the first stage from\\nParis. The gray dawn of the morning was\\njust appearing in the east as they hurriedly\\nchanged their coaches for the large traveling", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "1^0 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ncarriage the king had ordered and another\\ncoach which there awaited them. Count de\\nFersen kissed the hands of the king and queen,\\nand leaving them, according to previous ar-\\nrangements, with their attendants hastened the\\nsame night by another route to Brussels, in\\norder to rejoin the royal family at a later\\nperiod.\\nThe king s carriages now rolled rapidly on\\ntoward Chalons, an important town on their\\nroute. The queen had assumed the title and\\ncharacter of a German baroness returning to\\nFrankfort with her two children the king was\\nher valet de chambre, the Princess Elizabeth,\\nthe king s sister, was her waiting maid. The\\npassport was made out in the following manner\\n^**Permit to pass Madame the Baroness of\\nKorf, who is returning to Frankfort with her\\ntwo children, her waiting-maid, her valet de\\nchamhre, and three domestics.\\nThe Minister of Foreign Affairs.\\nMONTMORIN. V\\nAt each post-house on the road relays of\\neight horses were waiting for the royal car-\\nriages. When the sun rose over the hills of\\nFrance they were already many leagues from\\nthe capital, and as the carriages rattled furi-\\nously along over hill and dale, the unwonted\\nspectacle on tlitit unfrequented road attracted", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 151\\nmuch attentioD. At every little village where\\nthey stopped fur an exchange of horses, the\\nvillagers gathered in groups around the car-\\nriages, admiring the imposing spectacle. The\\nking was fully aware that the knowledge of his\\nescape could not long be concealed from the\\nauthorities at Paris, and that all the resources\\nof his foes would immediately be put into req-\\nuisition to secure his arrest. They there-\\nfore pressed on with the utmost speed, that\\nthey might get as far as possible on their way\\nbefore the pursuit should commence. The re-\\nmarkable size and structure of the carriage\\nwhich the king had caused to be constructed,\\nthe number of horses drawing the carriages,\\nthe martial figures and commanding features of\\nthe three bodyguard strangely contrasting with\\nthe livery of menials, the portly appearance\\nand kingly countenance of Louis, who sat in a\\ncorner of the carriage in the garh oi a, valet de\\nchamhre, all these circumstances conspired to\\nexcite suspicion and to magnify the dangers of\\nthe royal family. They, however, proceeded\\nwithout interruption until they arrived at the\\nlittle town of Montmirail, near Chalons, where,\\nunfortunately, one of the carriages broke down,\\nand they were detained an hour in making re-\\npairs. It was an hour of intense anxiety, for\\nthey knew that every moment was increasing\\nthe probability of their capture. The carriage,\\nhowever, was repaired, and they started again\\nlZ Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "152 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\non their flight. The sun shone brightly upon\\nthe fields, which were blooming in all the ver-\\ndure of the opening summer. The seclusion\\nof the region through which they were passing\\nwas enchanting to their eyes, weary of looking\\nout upon the tumultuous mobs of Paris. The\\nchildren, worn out by the exhaustion of a sleep-\\nless night, were peacefully slumbering in their\\nparents arms. Each revolution of the wheels\\nwas bringing them nearer to the frontier, where\\ntheir faithful friend, M. de Bouille, was wait-\\ning, with his loyal troops, to receive them. A\\ngleam of hope and joy now rose in their\\nbosoms and, as they entered the town of Cha-\\nlons, at 3 30 o clock in the afternoon, smiles\\nof joy lighted their countenances, and they\\nbegan to congratulate themselves that they were\\nfast approaching the end of their dangers and\\ntheir sufferings. As the horses were chang-\\ning, a group of idlers gathered around the car-\\nriages. The king, emboldened by his dis-\\ntance from the capital, imprudently looked out\\nat the window of the carriage. The post-\\nmaster, who had been in Paris, instantly\\nrecognized the king. He, however, without\\nthe manifestation of the least surprise, aided\\nin harnessing the horses, and ordered the\\npostilion to drive on. He would not be an\\naccomplice in arresting the escape of the king.\\nAt the next relay, at Point Sommeville, quite\\na concourse gathered around the carriages, and", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 153\\nibe populace appeared uneasy and suspicious.\\nThey watched the travelers very narrowly, and\\nwere observed to be whispering with one\\nanother, and making ominous signs. No one,\\nhowever, ventured to make any movement to\\ndetain the carriages, and they proceeded on\\ntheir way. A detachment of fifty hussars had\\nbeen appointed to meet the king at this spot.\\nThey were there at the assigned moment. The\\nbreaking down of the carriage, however, de-\\ntained the king, and the hussars, observing the\\nsuspicions their presence was awaking, de-\\nparted half an hour before the arrival of the\\ncarriages. Had the king arrived but one half\\nhour sooner, the safety of the royal family\\nwould have been secured. The king was sur-\\nprised and alarmed at not meeting the guard he\\nhad anticipated, and drove rapidly on to the\\nnext relay at Sainte Menehould. It was now\\n7 30 o clock of a beautiful summer s evening.\\nThe sun was just sinking below the horizon,\\nbut the broad light still lingered upon the val-\\nleys and the hills. As they were changing the\\nhorses, the king, alarmed at not meeting the\\nfriends he expected, put his head out of the\\nwindow to see if any friend was there who\\ncould inform him why the detachments were\\ndetained. The son of the postmaster instantly\\nrecognized the king by his resemblance to the\\nimprint upon the coins in circulation. The\\nreport was immediately whispered about among", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "154 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe crowd, but there was not sufficient force,\\nupon the spur of the moment, to venture to de-\\ntain the carriages. There was in the town a\\ndetachment of troops, friendly to the king,\\nwho would immediately have come to his\\nrescue had the people attempted to arrest him.\\nIt was whispered among the dragoons that the\\nking was in the carriage, and the commandant\\nimmediately ordered the troops to mount their\\nhorses and follow to protect the royal family\\nbut the National Guard in the place, far more\\nnumerous, surrounded the barracks, closed the\\nstables, and would not allow the soldiers to de-\\npart. The king, entirely unconscious of these\\nmovements, was pursuing his course toward the\\nnext relay. Young Drouet, however, the post-\\nmaster s son, had immediately, upon recogniz-\\ning the king, saddled his fleetest horse, and\\nstarted at his utmost speed for the post-house\\nat Varennes, that he might, before the king s\\narrival, inform the municipal authorities of\\nhis suspicions, and collect a sufficient force to\\ndetain the travelers. One of the dragoons,\\nwitnessing the precipitate departure of Drouet,\\nand suspecting its cause, succeeded in mount-\\ning his horse, and pursued him, resolved to\\novertake him, and either detain him until the\\nking had passed, or take his life. Drouet,\\nhowever, perceiving that he was pursued,\\nplunged into the woods, with every by-path of\\nwhich he was familiar, and, in the darkness of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 155\\nthe night, eluded his pursuer, and arrived at\\nYarennes, by a very much shorter route than\\nthe carriage road, nearly two hours before\\nthe king. He immediately communicated\\nto a band of young men his suspicions,\\nand they, emulous of the glory of arresting\\ntheir sovereign, did not inform the authorities\\nor arouse the populace, but, arming them-\\nselves, they formed an ambush to seize the\\npersons of the travelers. It was 7 30 o clock\\nof a cold, dark, and gloomy night, when the\\nroyal family, exhausted with twenty-four\\nhours of incessant anxiety and fatigue, arrived\\nat the few straggling houses in the outskirts of\\nthe village of Varennes. They there confi-\\ndently expected to find an escort and a relay ol\\nhorses provided by their careful friend, M.\\nBouille,\\nA small river passes through the little town\\nof Varennes, dividing it into two portions, the\\nupper and lower town, which villages are con-\\nnected by a bridge crossing the stream. The\\nking, by some misunderstanding, expected to\\nfind the relay upon the side of the river before\\ncrossing the bridge. But the fresh horses had\\nbeen judiciously placed upon the other side of\\nthe river, so that the carriages, having crossed\\nthe bridge at full speed, could more easily,\\n^ith a change of horses, hasten unmolested on\\ntheir way. The king and queen, greatly\\nalarmed at finding no horses, left the carriage,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "156 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nand wandered about in sad perplexity for half\\nan hour, through the dark, silent, and deserted\\nstreets. In most painful anxiety they returned\\nto their carriages, and decided to cross the\\nriver, hoping to find the horses and their\\nfriends in the upper town. The bridge was a\\nnarrow stone structure with its entrance sur-\\nmounted by a gloomy demilune arch, upon\\nwhich was reared a tower, a relic of the feudal\\nsystem, which had braved the storms of cen-\\nturies. Here, under this dark archway, Drouet\\nand his companions had formed their ambus-\\ncade. The horse had hardly entered the\\ngloomy pass, when they were stopped by a cart\\nwhich had been overturned, and five or six\\narmed men, seizing their heads, ordered the\\ntravelers to alight and exhibit their passports.\\nThe three bodyguard seized their arms, and\\nwere ready to sacrifice their lives in the attempt\\nto force the passage, but the king would allow-\\nno blood to be shed. The horses were turned\\nround by the captors, and the carriages were\\nescorted by Drouet and his comrades to the\\ndoor of a grocer named Sausse, who was the\\nhumble mayor of this obscure town. At the\\nsame time, some of the party rushed to the\\nchurch, mounted the belfry, and rang the alarm\\nbell. The solemn booming of that midnight\\nbell roused the affrighted inhabitants from\\ntheir pillows, and soon the whole population\\nwas gathered around the carriages and about", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 157\\nthe door of the grocer s shop. It was in vain\\nfor the king to deny his rant. His marked\\nfeatures betrayed him. Clamor and confusion\\nfilled the night air. Men, women, and chil-\\ndren were running to and fro the populace were\\narming, to be prepared for any emergency\\nand the royal family were worn out by sleep-\\nlessness and toil. At last Louis made a bold\\nappeal to the magnanimity of his foes. Tak-\\ning the hand of Sauase, he said\\n**Yes! I am your king, and in your hands I\\nplace my destiny, and that of my wife, my sis-\\nter, and my children. Our lives and the fate\\nof the empire depend upon you. Permit me\\nto continue my journey. I have no design of\\nleaving the country. I am but going to the\\nmidst of a part of the army, and in a French\\ntown to regain my real liberty, of which the\\nfactions at Paris deprive me. From thence I\\nwish to make terms with the assembly, who,\\nlike myself, are held in subjection through fear.\\nI am not about to destroy, but to save and to\\nsecure the constitution. If you detain me, I my-\\nself, France, all, are lost. I conjure you, as a\\nfather, as a man, as a citizen, leave the road free\\nto us. In an hour we shall be saved, and with\\nus France is saved. And, if you have any re-\\nspect for one whom you profess to regard as\\nyour master, I command you, as your king,\\nto permit us to depart.\\nThe appeal touched the heart of the grocer", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "158 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nand the captor^ by whom the king was sur*\\nrounded. Tears came into the eyes of many,\\nthey hesitated the expression of their coun-\\ntenances showed that they would willingly, if\\nthey dared to consult the dictates of their own\\nhearts, let the king pass on. A more affecting\\nscene can hardly be imagined. It was mid-\\nnight. Torches and flambeaux were gleaming\\naround. Men, women, and children were\\nhurrying to and fro in the darkness. The\\nalarm bell was pealing out its hurried sounds\\nthrough the still air. A crowd of half -dressed\\npeasants and artisans was rapidly accumulat-\\ning about the inn. The king stood pleading\\nwith his subjects for liberty and life, far more\\nmoved by compassion for his wife and children\\nthan for himself. The children, weary and\\nterrified, and roused suddenly from the sleep\\nin which they had been lost in their parents\\narms, gazed upon the strange scene with unde-\\nfined dread, unconscious of the magnitude of\\ntheir peril. The queen, seated upon a bale of\\ngoods in the shop, with her two children cling-\\ning to her side, plead, at times with the tears\\nof despair, and again with all the majesty of\\nher queenly nature, for pity -or for justice.\\nShe hoped that a woman s heart throbbed be-\\nneath the bosom of the wife of the mayor, and\\nmade an appeal to her which one would think\\nthat, under the circumstances, no human heart\\ncould have resisted.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 159\\n**Tou are a mother, madame/* said the\\nqueen in most imploring accents, you are a\\nwife! the fate of a wife and mother is in your\\nhands. Think what I must suffer for these\\nchildren for my husband. At one word from\\nyou I shall owe them to you. The Queen of\\nFrance will owe you more than her kingdom\\nmore than life.\\nMadame, coldly replied the selfish and\\ncalculating woman, I should be happy to help\\nyou if I could without danger. You are think-\\ning of your husband, 1 am thinking of mine.\\nIt is a wife s first duty to think of her own hus-\\nband.\\nThe queen saw that all appeals to such a\\nspirit must be in vain, and, taking her two\\nchildren by the hand, with Madame Elizabeth\\nascended the stairs which conducted from the\\ngrocer s shop to his rooms above, where she\\nwas shielded from the gaze of the crowd. She\\nthrew herself into a chair, and, overwhelmed\\nwith anguish, burst into a flood of tears. The\\nalarm bell continued to ring; telegraphic dis-\\npatches were sent to Paris, communicating tid-\\nings of the arrest; the neighboring villagers\\nflocked into town; the National Guard, com-\\nposed of people opposed to the king were rapid-\\nly assembled from all quarters, and the streets\\nbarricaded to prevent the possibility of any\\nrescue by the soldiers who advocated the royal\\ncause. Thus the dreadful hours lingered away", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "160 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ntill the morning dawned. The increasing\\ncrowd stimulated one another to ferocity and\\nbarbarity. Insults, oaths, and imprecations\\nincessantly fell upon the ears of the captives.\\nThe queen probably endured as much of mental\\nagony that night as the human mind is capable\\nof enduring. The conflict of indignation, ter-\\nror, and despair was so dreadful, that her hair,\\nwhich the night previous had been auburn, was\\nin the morning white as snow. This extraor-\\ndinary fact is well attested, and indicates an\\nenormity of woe almost incomprehenaible.\\nThere was no knowledge in Paris of the\\nking*8 departure until 7 o clock in the morn-\\ning, when the servants of the palace entered\\nthe apartments of the king and queen, and\\nfound the beds undisturbed and the rooms de-\\nserted. The alarm spread like wildfire through\\nthe palace and through the city. The alarm\\nbells were rung, cannon were fired, and the cry\\nresounded through the streets, The king has\\nfled! the king has fled! The terrified popu-\\nlace were expecting almost at the next moment\\nto see him return with an avenging army to\\nvisit his rebellious subjects with the most\\nterrible retribution. From all parts of the\\ncity, every lane, and street, and alley leading\\nto the Tuileries was thronged with the crowd,\\npouring on, like an inundation, toward the de-\\nserted palace. The doors were forced open,\\nand the interior of the palace was instantly", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "lO Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "THE FLIGHT. 161\\nfilled with the swarming multitudes. The mob\\nfrom the streets polluted the sanctuaries of\\nroyalty with every species of vulgarity and ob-\\nscenity. An amazon market-woman took pos-\\nsession of the queen s bed, and, spreading her\\ncherries upon it, she took her seat upon the\\nroyal couch, exclaiming, To-day it is the\\nnation s turn to take their ease. One of the\\ncaps of the queen was placed in derision upon\\nthe head of a vile girl of the street. She ex-\\nclaimed that it would sully her forehead, and\\ntrampled it under her feet with contempt.\\nEvery conceivable insult was heaped upon the\\nroyal family. Placards posted upon the\\nwalls offered trivial rewards to any one who\\nwould bring back the noxious animals which\\nhad fled from the palace. The metropolis was\\nagitated to its very center, and the most vigor-\\nous measures immediately adopted to arrest the\\nking, if possible, before he should reach the\\nfriends who could afford him protection.\\nThis turmoil continued for many hours, till\\nthe cry passed from mouth to mouth, and filled\\nthe streets, He is arrested! he is arrested!", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER Vin.\\nTHE BETUBN TO PARIS.\\nDuring all the long hours of the night,\\nwhile the king was detained in the grocer s\\nshop at Varennes, he was, with anxiety inde-\\nscribable, looking every moment for soldiers to\\nappear, sent by M. Bouille for his rescue.\\nBut the National Guard, which was composed\\nof those who were in favor of the Revolution,\\nwere soon assembled in such numbers as to\\nrender all idea of rescue hopeless. The sun\\nrose upon Yarennes but to show the king the\\nutter desperation of his condition, and he re-\\nsigned himself to despair. The streets were\\nfilled with an infuriated populace, and from\\nevery direction the people were flocking toward\\nthe focus of excitement. The children of the\\nroyal family, utterly exhausted, had fallen\\nasleep. Madame Elizabeth, one of the most\\nlovely and gentle of earthly beings, the sister\\nof the king, who, through all these trials, and,\\nindeed, through her whols life, manifested\\npeculiarly the spirit of heaven, was, regardless\\nof herself, earnestly praying for support for\\nher brother and sister,\\n162", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "IHE RETURN TO tARIS. 163\\nPreparations were immediately made to for-\\nward the captives to Paris, lest the troops of\\nM. Bouille, informed of their arrest, should\\ncome to their rescue. The king did everything\\nin his power to delay the departure, and one\\nof the women of the queen feigned sudden and\\nalarming illness at the moment all of the rest\\nhad been pressed into the carriages. But the\\nimpatience of the populace could not thus be\\nrestrained. With shouts and threats they com-\\npelled all into the carriages, and the melan-\\ncholy procession, escorted by three or four\\nthousand of the ISational Guaid, and -followed\\nby a numerous and ever-increasing concourse\\nof the people, moved slowly toward Paris.\\nHour after hour dragged heavily along as the\\nfugitives, drinking the very dregs of humilia-\\ntion, were borne hj their triumphant and exas-\\nperated foes back to the horrors from which\\nthey had fled. The road was lined on either\\nside by countless thousands, insulting the\\nagonized victims with derision, menaces, and\\nthe most ferocious gestures. Yarennes is\\ndistant from Paris one hundred and eighty\\nmiles, and for this whole distance, by night\\nand by day, with hardly an hour s delay for\\nfood or repose, the royal family were exposed\\nto the keenest torture of which the spiritual\\nnature is in this world susceptible. Every\\nrevolution of the wheels but brought them into\\ncontact with fresh vociferations of calumny.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "164 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nThe\u00c2\u00abfury of the populace was so greai; tnat it\\nwas with difficulty that the guard could protect\\ntheir captives from the most merciless massa-\\ncre. Again and again there was a rush made\\nat the carriages, and the mob was beaten back\\nby the arms of the soldiers. One old gentle-\\nman, M. Dampierre, ever accustomed to vener-\\nate royalty, stood by the roadside, affected by\\nthe profoundest grief in view of the melancholy\\nspectacle. Uncovering his gray hairs, he\\nbowed respectfully to his royal master, and\\nventured to give utterance to accents of sym-\\npathy. -The infuriated populace fell upon him\\nlike tigers, and tore him to pieces before the\\neyes of the king and queen. The wheels of the\\nroyal carriage came very near running over\\nhis bleeding corpse.\\nThe procession was at length met by com-\\nmissioners sent from the assembly to take\\ncharge of the king. Ashamed of the brutality\\nof the people, Barnave and Petion, the two\\ncommissioners, entered the royal carriage to\\nshare the danger of its inmates. They shielded\\nthe prisoners from death, but they could not\\nshield them from insult and outrage. An\\necclesiastic, venerable in person and in char-\\nacter, approached the carriages as they moved\\nsadly along, and exhibited upon his features\\nsome traces of respect and sorrow for fallen\\nroyalty. It was a mortal offense. The brutal\\nmultitude would not endure a look even of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "THE RETURN TO PARIS. 165\\nsympathy for the descendant of a hundred\\nkings. They rushed upon the defenseless\\nclergyman, and would have killed him instantly\\nhad not Barnave most energetically interfered.\\nFrenchmen! he shouted, from the carriage\\nwindows, will you, a nation of brave men,\\nbecome a people of murderers Barnave was\\na young man of much nobleness of character.\\nHis polished manners, and his sympathy for\\nthe wrecked and ruined family of the king,\\nquite won their gratitude. Petion, on the\\ncontrary, was coarse and brutal. He was a\\nDemocrat in the worst sense of that abused\\nword. He affected rude and rough familiarity\\nwith the royal family, lounged contemptuously\\nupon the cushions, ate apples and melons, and\\nthrew the rind out of the window, careless\\nwhether or not he hit the king in the face. In\\nall his remarks he seemed to take a ferocious\\npleasure in wounding the feelings of his vic-\\ntims.\\nAs the cavalcade drew near to Paris, the\\ncrowds surrounding the carriages became still\\nmore dense, and the fury of the populace more\\nunmeasured.\\nThe leaders of the National Assembly were\\nvery desirous of protecting the royal family\\nfrom the rage of the mob, and to shield the\\nnation from the disgrace of murdering the king,\\nthe queen, and their children in the streets.\\nIt was feared that, when the prisoners should\\nlo Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "166 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nenter the thronged city, where the mob had so\\nlong held undisputed sway, it would be impos-\\nsible to restrain the passions of the multitude,\\nand that the pavements would be defaced with\\nthe blood of the victims. Placards were pasted\\nupon the walls in every part of the city, Who-\\never applauds the king shall be beaten who-\\never insults him shall be hung. As the car-\\nriages approached the suburbs of the metrop-\\nolis, the multitudes which thronged them be-\\ncame still more numerous and tumultuous, and\\nthe exhibitions of violence more appalling.\\nAll the dens of infamy in the city vomited\\ntheir denizens to meet and deride, and, if pos-\\nsible, to destroy the captured monarch. It\\nwas a day of intense and suffocating heat. Ten\\npersons were crowded into the royal carriage.\\nNot a breath of air fanned the fevered cheeks\\nof the sufferers. The heat, reflected from the\\npavements and the bayonets, was almost in-\\nsupportable. Clouds of dust enveloped them,\\nand the sufferings of the children were so great\\nthat the queen was actually apprehensive that\\nthey would die. The queen dropped the win-\\ndow of the carriage, and, in a voice of agony,\\nimplored some one to give her a cup of water\\nfor her fainting child. See, gentlemen, she\\nexclaimed, in what a condition my poor\\nchildren are! one of them is choking.\\nWe will yet choke them and you, was the\\nbrutal reply, in another fashion. Several", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "THE RETURN TO PARIS. 167\\ntimes the mob broke through the line which\\nguarded the carriages, pushed aside the horses,\\nand, mounting the steps, stretched their\\nclinched fists in at the windows. The proces-\\nsion moved perseveringly along in the midst of\\nthe clashing of sabers, the clamor of the blood-\\nthirsty multitude, and the cries of men trampled\\nunder the hoofs of the horses.\\nIt was the 25th of June, 1791, at 7 o clock\\nin the evening, when this dreadful procession,\\npassing through the Barrier de I Etoile, en-\\ntered the city, and traversed the streets,\\nthrough double files of soldiers, to the Tuiler-\\nies. At length they arrived, half-dead with\\nexhaustion and despair, at the palace. The\\ncrowd was so immense that it was with the ut-\\nmost difficulty that an entrance could be\\neffected. At that moment, La Fayette, who\\nhad been adopting the most vigorous measures\\nfor the protection of the persons of the royal\\nfamily, came to meet them. The moment\\nMaria Antoinette saw him, forgetful of her own\\ndanger, and trembling for the bodyguard who\\nhad periled their lives for her family, she ex-\\nclaimed Monsieur La Fayette, save the body-\\nguard. The king and queen alighted from\\nthe carriage. Some of the soldiers took the\\nchildren, and carried them through the crowd\\ninto the palace. A member of the assembly,\\nwho had been inimical to the king, came for-\\nward and offered his arm to the queen for her", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "168 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nprotection. She looked him a moment in the\\nface, and indignantly rejected the proffered\\naid of an enemy. Then, seeing a deputy who\\nhad been their friend, she eagerly accepted his\\narm, and ascended the steps of the palace. A\\nprolonged roar, as of thunder, ascended from\\nthe multitudinous throng which surrounded\\nthe palace when the king and queen had en-\\ntered, and the doors of their prison were again\\nclosed against them.\\nLa Fayette was at the head of the National\\nGuard. He was a strong advocate for the\\nrights of the people. At the same time, he\\nwished to respect the rights of the king, and\\nto sustain a constitutional monarchy. As soon\\nas they had entered the palace, Maria Antoin-\\nette, with that indomitable spirit which ever\\ncharacterized her, approached La Fayette, and\\noffered to him the keys of her casket, as if he\\nwere her jailer. La Fayette, deeply wounded,\\nrefused to receive them. The queen indig-\\nnantly, with her own hands, placed them in\\nhis hat. Your majesty will have the good-\\nness to take them back, said the marquis,\\nfor I certainly shall not touch them.\\nThe position of La Fayette at this time was\\nabout as embarrassing as it could possibly\\nhave been and he was virtually the jailer of\\nthe royal family, answerable with his life for\\ntheir safe keeping. He had always been a\\nfirm friend of civil and religious liberty. He", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "THE RETURN TO PARIS. 169\\nwas very anxious to see France blessed with\\nthose free institutions and that recognition of\\npopular rights which are the glory of America,\\nbut he also wished to protect the king and\\nqueen from outrage and insult and a storm of\\npopular fury had now risen which he knew not\\nhow to control or to guide. He, however, re-\\nsolved to do all in his power to protect the\\nroyal family, and to watch the progress of\\nevents with the hope of establishing constitu-\\ntional liberty and a constitutional throne over\\nFrance.\\nThe palace was now guarded, by command\\nof the assembly, with a degree of rigor unknown\\nbefore. The iron gates of the courts and garden\\nof the Tuileries were kept locked.\\nA list of the persons who were to be permitted\\nto see the royal family was made out, and none\\nothers were allowed to enter. At every door sen-\\ntinels were placed, and in every passage and in\\nthe corridor which connected the chambers\\nof the king and queen, armed men were sta-\\ntioned. The doors of the sleeping apartments\\nof the king and queen were kept open night and\\nday, and a guard was placed there to keep his eye\\never upon the victims. No respect was paid to\\nfemale modesty, and the queen was compelled\\nto retire to her bed under the watchful eye of\\nan unfeeling soldier. It seems impossible that\\na civilized people could have been guilty of\\nsuch barbarism, But all sentiments of human-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "170 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nity appear to have fled from France. One of\\nthe queen s women, at night, would draw her\\nown bed between that of the queen and the\\nopen door, that she might thus partially- shield\\nthe person of her royal mistress. The king\\nwas so utterly overwhelmed by the magnitude\\nof the calamities in which he was now in-\\nvolved, that his mind, for a season, seemed to\\nbe prostrated and paralyzed by the blow. For\\nten days he did not exchange a single word\\nwith any member of his family, but moved\\nsadly about in the apathy of despair, or sat in\\nmoody silence. At last the queen threw her-\\nself upon her knees before him, and, presenting\\nto him her children, besought him, for her\\nsake and that of their little ones, to rouse his\\nfortitude. We may all perish, she said,\\n**but let us, at least, perish like sovereigns,\\nand not wait to be strangled unresistingly upon\\nthe very floor of our apartments.\\nThe long and dreary months of the autumn,\\nthe winter, and the spring thus passed away,\\nwith occasional gleams of hope visiting their\\nminds, but with the storm of revolution, on\\nthe whole, growing continually more black and\\nterrific. General anarchy rioted throughout\\nFrance. Murders were daily committed with\\nimpunity. There was no law. The mob had\\nall power in their hands. Neither the king\\nnor queen could make their appearance any-\\nwhere without exposure to insult, yiolent", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "THE RETURN TO PARIS. 171\\nharangues in the assembly and in the streets\\nhad at length roused the populace to a new act\\nof outrage. The immediate cause was the\\nrefusal of the king to give his sanction to a\\nbill for the persecution of the priests. It was\\nthe 20th of June, 1792. A tumultuous assem-\\nblage of all the miserable, degraded, and\\nvicious, who thronged the garrets and the\\ncellars of Paris, and who had been gathered\\nfrom all lands by the lawlessness with which\\ncrime could riot in the capital, were seen con-\\nverging, as by a common instinct, toward the\\npalace. They bore banners fearfully expres-\\nsive of their ferocity, and filled the air with\\nthe most savage outcries. Upon the end of a\\npike there was affixed a bleeding heart, with\\nthe inscription: The heart of the aristoc-\\nracy. Another bore a doll, suspended to a\\nframe by the neck, with this inscription: To\\nthe gibbet with the Austrian. With the fero-\\ncity of wolves, they surrounded the palace in a\\nmass impenetrable. The king and queen, as\\nthey looked from their windows upon the mul-\\ntitudinous gathering, swaying to and fro like\\nthe billows of the ocean in a storm, and with\\nthe clamor of human passions, more awful than\\nthe voice of many waters, rending the skies, in-\\nstinctively clung to one another and to their\\nchildren in their powerlessness. Madame\\nElizabeth, with her saint-like spirit and her\\nheaven-directed thoughts, was ever unmindful", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "172 MARIA ANTOINETTE*\\nof her own personal danger in her devotion to\\nher beloved brother. The king hoped that the\\nsoldiers who were stationed as a guard within\\nthe inclosures of the palace would be able to\\nprotect them from violence. The gates leading\\nto the Place du Carrousel were soon shattered\\nbeneath the blows of axes, and the human tor-\\nrent poured in with the resistlessness of a\\nflood. The soldiers very deliberately shook\\nthe priming from their guns, as the emphatic\\nexpression to the mob that they had nothing to\\nfear from them, and the artillerymen coolly\\ndirects their pieces against the palace. Axes\\nand iron bars were immediately leveled at the\\ndoors, and they flew from their hinges; and\\nthe drunken and infuriated rabble, with clubs,\\nand pistols, and daggers, poured, an intermin-\\nable throng, through the halls and apartments\\nwhere kings, for ages, had reigned in inap-\\nproachable pomp and power. The servants of\\nthe king, in terror, fled in every direction.\\nStill the crowd came rushing and roaring on,\\ncrashing the doors before them, till they ap-\\nproached the apartment in which the royal\\nfamily was secluded. The king, who, though\\ndeficient in active energy, possessed passive\\nfearlerssness in the most eminent degree, left\\nhis wife, children, and sister clinging together,\\nand entered the adjoining room to meet his\\nassailants. Just as he entered the room, the\\ndoor, which was bolted^ fell with a crash, and", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "THE RETURN TO PARIS. 17^\\nthe mob was before him. For a moment the\\nwretches were held at bay by the calm dignity\\nof the monarch, as, without the tremor of a\\nnerve, he gazed steadily upon them. The\\ncrowd in the rear pressed on upon those in the\\nadvance, and three friends of the king had just\\ntime to interpose themselves between him and\\nthe mob, when the whole dense throng rushed\\nin and filled the room. A drunken assassin,\\nwith a sharp iron affixed to a long pole, aimed\\na thrust violently at the king s heart. One\\nblow from an heroic citizen laid him prostrate\\non the floor, and he was trampled under the\\nfeet of the throng. Oaths and imprecations\\nfilled the room knives and sabers gleamed,\\nand yet the majesty of royalty, for a few brief\\nmoments, repelled the ferocity of the assassins.\\nA few officers of the National Guard, roused\\nby the peril of the king, succeeded in reaching\\nhim, and, crowding him into the embrasure of\\na window, placed themselves as a shield before\\nhim. The king seemed only anxious to with-\\ndraw the attention of the mob from the room\\nin which his family were clustered, where he\\nsaw his sister, Madame Elizabeth, with ex-\\ntended arms and imploring looks, struggling\\nto come and share his fate. It is the queen\\nwas the cry, and a score of weapons were\\nturned toward her. No! no! exclaimed\\nothers, it is Madame Elizabeth. Her\\ngentle spirit, even in these degraded hearts,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "174 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nhad won admiration, and not a blow fell upon\\nher. **Ah! exclaimed Madame Elizabeth,\\n**why do you undeceive them Gladly would\\nI die in her place, if I might thus save the\\nqueen. By the surging of the crowd she was\\nswept into the embrasure of another window,\\nwhere she was hemmed in without any possi-\\nbility of extrication. By this time the crowds\\nwere like locusts, climbing up the balconies,\\nand pouring in at the windows, and every foot\\nof ground around the palace was filled with the\\nexcited throng. Shouts of derision filled the\\nair, while the mob without were incessantly\\ncrying: Have you killed them yet? Throw\\nus out their heads.\\nAlmost miraculously, the friends surround-\\ning the king succeeded in warding off the blows\\nwhich were aimed at him. One of the mob\\nthrust out to the king, upon the end of a pike,\\na red bonnet^ the badge of the Jacobins, and\\nthere was a general shout: Let him put it\\non! let him put it on! It is a sign of patriot-\\nism. If he is a patriot he will wear it. The\\nking, smiling, took the bonnet and put it upon\\nhis head. Instantly there rose a shout from\\nthe fickle multitude, Vive le roi! The mob\\nhad achieved its victory, and placed the badge\\nof its power upon the brow of the humbled\\nmonarch.\\nThere was at that time standing in the court-\\nyard of the palace a young man, with the blood", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "THE RETURN TO PARIS. 175\\nboiling with indignation in his veins, in view\\nof the atrocities of the mob. The ignominious\\nspectacle of the red bonnet upon the head of\\nthe king, as he stood in the recess of the win-\\ndow, seemed more than this young man could\\nendure, and, turning upon his heel, he hast-\\nened away, exclaiming: The wretches! the\\nwretches! they ought to be mown down by\\ngrape-shot. This is the first glimpse the\\nRevolution presents of Napoleon Bonaparte.\\nBut while the king was enduring their tor-\\ntures in one apartment, the queen was suffering\\nindignities and outrages equally atrocious in\\nanother. Maria Antoinette was, in the eyes\\nof the populace, the personification of every-\\nthing to be hated. They believed her to be\\ninfamous as a wife; proud, tyrannical, and\\ntreacherous; that, as an Austrian, she hated\\nFrance that she was doing all in her power to\\ninduce foreign armies to invade the French\\nempire with fire and sword and that she had\\ninstigated the king to attempt escape, that he\\nmight head the armies. Maria, conscious of\\nthis hatred, was aware that her presence would\\nonly augment the tide of indignation swelling\\nagainst the king, and she therefore remained\\nin the bedchamber with her children. But\\nher sanctuary was instantly invaded. The\\ndoor of her apartment had been, by some\\nfriend, elosed and bolted. Its stout oaken\\npanels were soon dashed in, and the door", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "176 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ndriven from its hinges. A crowd of miserable\\nwomen, abandoned to the lowest depths of\\ndegradation and vulgarity, rushed into the\\napartment, assailing her ears with the most\\nobscene and loathsome epithets the language\\ncould afford. The queen stood in the recess\\nof a window, with queenly pride curbing her\\nmortal apprehension. A few friends had\\ngathered around her, and placed a table before\\nher as a partial protection. Her daughter,\\nan exceedingly beautiful girl of fourteen years\\nof age, with her light brown hair floating in\\nringlets over her fair brow and shoulders,\\nclung to her mother s bosom as if she thought\\nnot of herself, but would only, with her own\\nbody, shield her mother s heart from the\\ndagger of the assassin. Her son, but seven\\nyears old, clung to his mother s hand, gazing\\nwith a bewildered look of terror upon the\\nhideous spectacle. The vociferations of the\\nmob were almost deafening. But the aspect\\nof the group, so lovely and so helpless, seemed\\nto disarm the hand of violence. Now and\\nthen, in the endless crowd defiling through the\\nroom, those in the advance, pressed resistlessly\\non by those in the rear, some one more tender-\\nhearted would speak a word of sympathy. A\\nyoung girl came crowded along, neatly dressed,\\nand with a pleasing countenance. She, how-\\never, immediately began to revile the queen in\\nthe coarsest language of vituperation.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "THE RETURN TO PARIS. 177\\nWhy do you hate me so, my friend? said\\nthe queen kindly have I ever done anything\\nto injure or to offend you?\\n**No! you have never injured me,** was the\\nreply, **but it is you who cause the misery of\\nthe nation.\\nPoor child! rejoined the queen, **you\\nhave been told so, and have been deceived.\\nWhy should I make the people miserable? I\\nam the wife of the king the mother of the\\ndauphin and by all the feelings of my heart,\\nas a wife and mother, I am a Frenchwoman.\\nI shall never see my own country again. lean\\nonly be happy or unhappy in France. I was\\nhappy when you loved me.\\nThe heart of the girl was touched. She\\nburst into tears, and exclaimed Pardon me\\ngood queen, I did not know you but now I see\\nthat I have indeed been deceived, and you are\\ntruly good.\\nHour after hour of humiliation and agony\\nthus rolled away. The National Assembly\\nmet, and in vain the friends of the king urged\\nits action to rescue the royal family from the\\ninsults and perils to which they were exposed.\\nBut these efforts were met by the majority\\nonly with derision. They hoped that the\\nterrors of the mob would compel the king here-\\nafter to give his assent to any law whatever\\nwhich they might frame. At last the shades\\nof night began to add their gloom to this awful", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "178 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nscene, and even the most bitter enemies of the\\nking did not think it safe to leave forty thou-\\nsand men, inflamed with intoxication and rage,\\nto riot, through the hours of the night, in\\nthe parlors, halls, and chambers of the Tuiler-\\nies. The president of the Assembly, at that\\nlate hour, crowded his way into the apartment\\nwhere, for several hours, the king had been ex-\\nposed to every conceivable indignity. The\\nmysterious authority of law opened the way\\nthrough the throng.\\n**I have only just learned, said the presi-\\ndent, **the situation of your majesty.\\n**That is very astonishing, replied the king\\nindignantly, for it is a long time that it has\\nlasted.\\nThe president, mounted upon the shoulders\\nof four grenadiers, addressed the mob and\\nurged them to retire, and they, weary with the\\nlong hours of outrages, slowly sauntered\\nthrough the halls and apartments of the palace,\\nand at 8 o clock silence reigned, with the gloom\\nof night, throughout the Tuileries. The\\nmoment the mob became perceptibly less, the\\nking received his sister into his arms, and\\nthey hastened to the apartment of the queen.\\nDuring all the horrors of this awful day, her\\nheroic soul had never quailed; but, now that\\nthe peril was over, she threw herself upon the\\nbosom of her husband, and wept in all the\\nbitterness of inconsolable grief. As the family", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "THE RETURN TO PARIS. 179\\nwere locked in each other s arms in silent\\ngratitude for their preservation, the king acci-\\ndentally beheld in a mirror the red bonnet,\\nwhich he had forgotten o remove from his\\nhead. He turned red with mortification, and,\\ncasting upon the floor the badge of his degra-\\ndation, turned to the queen, with his eyes filled\\nwith tears, and exclaimed Ah, madame, why\\ndid I take you from your country, to associate\\nyou with the ignominy of such a day as this!\\nAfter the withdrawal of the mob, several of\\nthe deputies of the National Assembly were in\\nthe apartment with the royal family, and, as\\nthe queen recounted the horrors of the last five\\nhours, one of them, though bitterly hostile to\\nthe royal family, could not refrain from tears.\\nYou weep, said she to him, at seeing the\\nking and his family so cruelly treated by a\\npeople whom he always wished to make\\nhappy.\\nTrue, madame, unfeelingly replied the\\ndeputy, I weep for the misfortunes of a beau-\\ntiful and sensitive woman, the mother of a\\nfamily. But do not mistake; not one of my\\ntears falls for either king or queen. I hate\\nkings and queens. It is the only feeling they\\ninspire me with. It is my religion.\\nBut time stops not. The hours of a dark\\nand gloomy night, succeeding this terrible day,\\nlingered slowly along, but no sleep visited the\\neyelids of the inmates of the Tuileries. Scowl-\\n14 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "180 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\niDg guards still eyed them malignantly, and\\nthe royal family could not unbosom to one\\nanother their sorrows but in the presence of\\nthose who were hostile spies upon every word\\nand action. Escape was now apparently hope-\\nless. The events of the past day had taught\\nthem that they had no protection against popu-\\nlar fury. And they were filled with the most\\ngloomy forebodings of woes yet to come.\\nThese scenes occurred on the 20th of June,\\n1792. On the 14th of July of the sarne year\\nthere was to be a magnificent /e^e in the Champ\\nde Mars, as the anniversary of the indepen-\\ndence of the nation. The king and queen were\\ncompelled to be present to grace the triumph\\nof the people, and to give the royal oath. It\\nwas anticipated that there would be many at-\\ntempts on that day to assassinate the king and\\nqueen. Some of the friends of the royal\\nfamily urged that they should each wear a\\nbreastplate yWhich would guard against the first\\nstroke of a dagger, and thus give the king s\\nfriends time to defend him. A breastplate\\nwas secretly made for the king. It consisted\\nof fifteen folds of Italian taffeta, and was\\nformed into an under waistcoat and a wide belt.\\nIts impenetrability was tried, and it resisted\\nall thrusts of the dagger, and several balls\\nwere turned aside by it. Madame Oampan\\nwore it for three days as an under petticoat be-\\nfore an opportunity could be found for the", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "TilE RETURN TO PARIS. ISl\\nking to try it on unperceived. At length, one\\nmorning, in the queen s chamber, a moment s\\nopportunity occurred, and he slipped it on,\\nsaying, at the same time, to Madame Campan:\\n**It is to satisfy the queen that I submit to this\\ninconvenience. They will not assassinate me.\\nTheir scheme is changed. They will put me\\nto death in another way.\\nA dagger-proof corset had also been prepared\\nfor the queen without her knowledge. She,\\nhowever, could not be persuaded to wear it.\\n**If they assassinate TTze, she said, it will\\nbe a most happy event. It will release me\\nfrom the most sorrowful existence, and may\\nsave from a cruel death the rest of the family.\\nThe 14th of July arrived. The king, queen,\\nand dauphin were marched, like captives grac-\\ning an Oriental triumph, at the head of the\\nprocession, from the palace to the Champ de\\nMars. With pensive features and saddened\\nhearts they passed along through the single file\\nof soldiers, who were barely able to keep at\\nbay the raging mob, furious for their blood,\\nand maledictions fell heavily upon their ears\\nfrom a thousand tongues. The fountain of\\ntears was dry, and despair had nerved them\\nwith stoicism. They returned to the palace\\nin the deepest dejection, and never again ap-\\npeared in the streets of Paris till they were\\nborne to their execution.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEK IX.\\nIMPKISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE.\\nEyery day now added to the insults and an-\\nguish the royal family were called to endure.\\nThey were under such apprehension of having\\ntheir food poisoned that all the articles\\nplaced upon the table by the attendants, pro-\\nvided by the assembly, were removed un-\\ntouched, and they ate and drank nothing but\\nwhat was secretly provided by one of the ladies\\nof the be dchamber. One day the queen\\nstood at her window, looking out sadly into\\nthe garden of the Tuileries, when a soldier,\\nstanding under the window, with his bayonet\\nupon his gun, looked up to her and said: I\\nwish, Austrian woman, that I had your head\\nupon my bayonet here, that I might pitch it\\nover the wall to the dogs in the street. And\\nthis man was placed under her window osten-\\nsibly for her protection Whenever the queen\\nmade her appearance in the garden, she en-\\ncountered insults often too outrageous to be\\nrelated. An assassin, one night, with his\\nsharpened dagger, endeavored to penetrate her\\n182", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 183\\nchamber. She was awakened by the noise of\\nthe struggle with the guard at the door. The as-\\nsassin was arrested. What a life! ex-\\nclaimed the queen. Insults by day, and as-\\nsassins by night But let him go. He came\\nto murder me. Had he succeeded, the Jaco-\\nbins would have borne him to-morrow in tri-\\numph through the streets of Paris.\\nThe allied army, united with the emigrants,\\nin a combined force of nearly one hundred and\\nfifty thousand men, now entered the frontiers\\nof France, to rescue, by military power, the\\nroyal family. They issued a proclamation, in\\nwhich it was stated that the allied sovereigns\\nhad taken up arms to stop the anarchy which\\nprevailed in France to give liberty to the\\nking, and restore him to the legitimate author-\\nity of which he had been deprived. The\\nproclamation assured the people of Paris that,\\nif they did not immediately liberate the king\\nand return to their allegiance, the city of Paris\\nshould be totally destroyed, and that the ene-\\nmies of the king should forfeit their heads.\\nThis proclamation, with the invasion of the\\nFrench territory by the allied army, fanned to\\nthe intensest fury the flames of passion already\\nraging in all parts of the empire. Thousands\\nof young men from all the provinces thronged\\ninto the city, breathing vengeance against the\\nroyal family. In vain did the king declare his\\ndisapproval of these violent measuye^ on th^", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "184 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\npart of the allies. In vain did he assert his\\nreadiness to head the armies of France to repel\\ninvasion.\\nThere were now three important parties in\\nFrance struggling for power. The first was\\nthat of the king, and the nobles generally,\\nwishing for the re-establishment of the mon-\\narchy. The second was that of the Girondists,\\nwishing for the dethronement of the king and\\nthe establishment of a republic, with the\\npower in the hands of the most influential\\ncitizens in intelligence and wealth. The third\\nwas that of the ultra Democrats or Jacobins,\\nwho wished to raise the multitude from degra-\\ndation, penury, and infamy, into power, by\\nthe destruction of the throne, and the subjec-\\ntion of the middling classes, and the entire sub-\\nversion of all the distinctions of wealth and\\nrank. The approach of the allies united both\\nof these latter classes against the throne. A\\nmotion was immediately introduced into the\\nassembly that the monarchy be entirely abol-\\nished, and a mob rioting through Paris threat-\\nened the deputies with death unless they de-\\nthroned the king. But an army of one hun-\\ndred and fifty thousand men were marching\\nupon Paris, and the deputies feared a terrible\\nretribution if this new insult were heaped upon\\ntheir sovereign. No person can describe the\\nconfusion and consternation with which the\\nmetropolis of France was filled. The mob", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 185\\ndeclared, on the 9th of August, that, unless\\nthe dethronement were that day pronounced,\\nthey would that night sack the palace, and\\nbear the heads of the royal family through the\\nstreets upon their pikes. The assemby, unde-\\ncided, and trembing between the two opposing\\nperils, separated without the adoption of any\\nresolve. All knew that a night of dreadful\\ntumult and violence must ensue. Some hun-\\ndreds of gentlemen collected around the king\\nand queen, resolved to perish with them.\\nSeveral regiments of soldiers were placed in\\nand around the palace to drive back the mob,\\nbut it was well known that the troops would\\nmore willingly fraternize with the multitude\\nthan oppose them. The sun went down, and\\nthe street lamps feebly glimmered through the\\ndarkness of the night. The palace was filled\\nwith armed men. The gentlemen surrounding\\nthe king were all conscious of their utter in-\\nability to protect him. They had come but to\\nshare the fate of their sovereign. The queen\\nand the Princess Elizabeth ascended to an\\nupper part of the palace, and stepped from a\\nlow window into the dark shadow of a balcony\\nto look out upon the tumultuous city. The\\nsound, as of the gathering of a resistless storm,\\nswept through all the streets, and rose loud\\nand threatening above the usual roar of the\\nvast metropolis. The solemn tones of the\\nalarm bells, pealing through the night air,", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "186, MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nsummoned all the desperadoes of France to\\ntheir several places of rendezvous, to march\\nupon the palace. The rumbling of artillery\\nwheels, and the frequent discharge of mus-\\nketry, proclaimed the determination and the\\ndesperation of the intoxicated mob. In dark-\\nness and silence, the queen and her sister\\nstood listening to these fearful sounds, and\\ntheir hearts throbbed violently in view of the\\nterrible scene through which they knew that\\nthey must pass. The queen, pale but tearless,\\nand nerved to the utmost by queenly pride,\\ndescended to the rooms below. She walked into\\nthe chamber where her beautiful son was\\nsleeping, gazed earnestly upon him for a\\nmoment, bent over him, and imprinted upon\\nhis cheek a mother s kiss and yet without a\\ntear. She entered the apartment of her daugh-\\nter lovely, surpassingly lovely in all the\\nblooming beauty of fifteen. The princess,\\ncomprehending the peril of the hour, could\\nnot sleep. Maria pressed her child to her\\nthrobbing heart, and the pride of the queen\\nwas soon vanquished by the tenderness of the\\nmother, as with convulsive energy she embraced\\nher, and wept in anguish almost unendurable.\\nShouts of unfeeling derision arose from the\\ntroops below, stationed for the protection of\\nthe royal family, and their ears were assailed\\nby remarks of the most brutal barbarity.\\nHour after hour of the night lingered along,", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 187\\nthe clamor without incessantly increasing, and\\nthe crowds surrounding the palace augmenting.\\nThe excitement within the palace was so awful\\nthat no words could give it utterance. The\\nfew hundred gentlemen who had come so hero-\\nically to share the fate of their sovereign were\\naware that no resistance could be made to the\\ntens of thousands who were thirsting for their\\nblood.\\nMidnight came. It was fraught with hor-\\nror. The queen, in utter exhaustion, threw\\nherself upon a sofa. At that moment a mus-\\nket shot was fired in the courtyard. There\\nis the first shot, said the queen, with the\\ncalmness of despair, but it will not be the last.\\nLet us go and be with the king. At length,\\nfrom the windows of their apartment, a few-\\ngleams of light began to redden the eastern sky.\\nCome, said the Princess Elizabeth, and see\\nthe rising sun. Maria went mournfully to\\nthe window, gazed long and steadfastly upon\\nthe rising luminary, feeling that, before that\\nday s sun should go down, she and all whom\\nshe loved would be in another world. It was\\nan awful spectacle which the light of day re-\\nvealed. All the avenues to the palace were\\nchoked with intoxicated thousands. The gar-\\ndens, and the courtyard surrounding the\\npalace, were filled with troops, placed there\\nfor the protection of the sovereign, but evi-\\ndently sympathizing with the mob, with whom", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "188 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthey exchanged badges and friendly greetings.\\nThe queen, apprehensive that the children\\nmight be massacred in their beds, had them\\ndressed, and placed by the side of herself and\\nthe king. It was recommended to the king\\nthat he should go down into the courtyard,\\namong the troops stationed there for his de-\\nfense that his presence might possibly awaken\\nsympathy and enthusiasm in his behalf. The\\nking and queen, with their son and daughter,\\nand Madame Elizabeth, went down with throb-\\nbing hearts to visit the ranks of their defenders.\\nThey were received with derisive insults and\\nhootings. Some of the gunners left their\\nposts, and thrust their fists into the face of the\\nking, insulting him with menaces the most\\nbrutal. They instantly returned to the palace,\\npallid with indignation and despair.\\nSoon an officer came in and informed the\\nking that all resistance was hopeless; that six\\npieces of artillery were already pointed against\\nthe main door of the palace; that a mob of\\ncountless thousands, well armed, and dragging\\nwith them twelve heavy cannon, were rapidly\\napproaching the scene of conflict; that the\\nwhole populace of Paris were up in arms\\nagainst the king, and that no reliance whatever\\ncould be placed in the soldiers stationed for his\\ndefense. There is not, said he, a single\\nmoment to lose. You will all inevitably and\\nimmediately perish, unless you hasten to the", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 189\\nhall where the assembly is in session, and place\\nyourself under the protection of that body.\\nThe pride of the queen was intensely aroused\\nin view of appealing to the assembly, their\\nbitterest enemy, for succor, and she indig-\\nnantly replied **I would rather be nailed to\\nthe walls of the palace than leave it to take\\nrefuge in the assembly. And the heroism of\\nMaria Theresa instinctively inspiring her\\nbosom she seized, from the belt of an officer,\\ntwo pistols, and, presenting them to the king,\\nexclaimed: **Now, sire, is the time to show\\nyourself, and if we must perish, let us perish\\nwith glory. The king calmly received the\\npistols, and silently handed them back to the\\nofficer.\\n**Madame, said the messenger, are you\\nprepared to take upon yourself the responsi-\\nbility of the death of the king, of yourself, of\\nyour children, and of all who are here to de-\\nfend you? All Paris is on the march. Time\\npresses. In a few moments it will be too\\nlate. The queen cast a glance upon her\\ndaughter, and a mother s fears prevailed. The\\ncrimson blood mounted to her temples. Then,\\nagain, she was pale as a corpse. Then, rising\\nfrom her seat, she said: Letus go. It was\\n7 o clock in the morning.\\nThe king and queen, with their two child-\\nren, Madame Elizabeth, and a few personal\\nfrieads, descended the great staircase of the", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "190 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nTuileries, to pass out through the bands of sol-\\ndiers and the tumultuous mob to the hall of the\\nassembly. At the staircase there was a large\\nconcourse of men and women, gesticulating\\nwith fury, who refused to permit the royal\\nfamily to depart. The tumult was such that\\nthe members of the royal family were separ-\\nated from each other; and thus they stood for\\na moment mingled with the crowd, listening\\nto language of menace and insult, when a\\ndeputy assured the mob that an order of the\\nassembly had summoned the royal family to\\nthem. The rioters then gave way, and the\\nmournful group passed out of the door into the\\ngarden. They forced their way along, sur-\\nrounded by a few friends, through impreca-\\ntions, insults, gleaming daggers, and dangers\\ninnumerable, until they arrived at the hall of\\nthe assembly, which the king was with diffi-\\nculty enabled to enter, in consequence of the\\nimmense concourse which crowded him, thirst-\\ning for his blood, and yet held back by an un-\\nseen hand. As the king entered the hall, he\\nsaid, with dignity, to the president: **I have\\ncome here to save the nation from the commis-\\nsion of a great crime. I shall always con-\\nsider myself, with my family, safe in your\\nhands. The royal family sat down upon a\\nbench. Mournful silence pervaded the hall.\\nA more sorrowful, heart-rending sight mortal\\neyes have seldom seen. The father, the", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 191\\nmother, the saint-like sister, the innocent and\\nhelpless children, had found but a momentary\\nrefnge from cannibals, who were roaring like\\nwolves around the hall, and battering at the\\ndoors to break in and slake their vengeance\\nwith blood. It was seriously apprehended\\nthat the mob would make a rush, and sprinkle\\nthe blood of the royal family upon the very\\nfloor of the sanctuary where they had sought\\na refuge.\\nBehind the seat of the president there was a\\nbox about ten feet square, constituting a seat\\nreserved for reporters, guarded by an iron\\nrailing. Into this box the royal family were\\ncrowded for safety. -A few friends of the king\\ngathered around the box. The heat of the\\nday was almost insupportable. Not a breath\\nof air could penetrate the closely -packed\\napartment; and the heat, as of a furnace,\\nglowed in the room. Scarcely had the royal\\nfamily got into this frail retreat, when the\\nnoise without informed them that their friends\\nwere falling before the daggers of assassins,\\nand the greatest alarm was felt lest the doors\\nshould be driven in by the merciless mob. In\\nthis awful hour, the king appeared as calm,\\nserene, and unconcerned as if he were the\\nspectator of a scene in which he had no in-\\nterest. The countenance of the queen exhibited\\nall the unvanquished firmness of her soul, as\\nwith flushed cheek and indignant eye she", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "192 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nlooked upon the drama of terror and confusion\\nwhich was passing. The young princess wept,\\nand her cheeks were marked with the furrows\\nwhich her tears, dried by the heat, had left.\\nThe young dauphin appeared as cool and self-\\npossessed as his father. The rattling fire of\\nartillery, and the report of musketry at the\\npalace, proclaimed to the royal family and the\\naffrighted deputies the horrid conflict, or, rather,\\nmassacre which was raging there. Imme-\\ndiately after the king and queen had left the\\nTuileries, the mob broke in at every avenue.\\nA few hundred Swiss soldiers left there re-\\nmained faithful to the king. The conflict was\\nshort the massacre awful. The infuriated\\nmultitude rushed through the halls and the\\napartments of the spacious palace, murdering,\\nwithout mercy and without distinction of age\\nor sex, all the friends of the king whom they\\nencountered. The mutilated bodies were\\nthrown out of the windows to the mob which\\nfilled the garden and the court. The wretched\\ninmates of the palace fled, pursued in every\\ndirection. But concealment and escape were\\nalike hopeless. Some poor creatures leaped\\nfrom the windows and clambered up the marble\\nmonuments. The wretches refrained from\\nfiring at them, lest they should injure the\\nstatuary, but pricked them with their bayonets\\ntill they compelled them to drop down, and\\nthen murdered them at their feet. A pack of", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "Maria Antoinette\\nThe Execution of Louis XVL (Seep. 222.)", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 193\\nwolves could not have been more merciless.\\nThe populace, now rioting in their resistless\\npower, with no law and no authority to re-\\nstrain them, gave loose rein to vengeance, and,\\nhaving glutted themselves with blood, pro-\\nceeded to sack the palace. Its magnificent\\nfurniture, and splendid mirrors, and costly\\npaintings, were dashed to pieces and thrown\\nfrom the windows, when the fragments were\\neagerly caught by those below and piled up for\\nbonfires. Drunken wretches staggered through\\nall the most private apartments, threw them-\\nselves, with blood-soaked boots, upon the bed\\nof the queen, ransacked her drawers, made\\nthemselves merry over her notes, and letters,\\nand the various articles of her toilet, and pol-\\nluted the very air of the palace by their vulgar\\nand obscene ribaldry. As night approached,\\nhuge fires were built, upon which the dead\\nbodies of the massacred Koyalists were thrown,\\nand all were consumed.\\nDuring all the long hours of that dreadful\\nday, and until 2 o clock the ensuing night,\\nthe royal family remained, almost without a\\nchange of posture, in the narrow seat which\\nhad served them for an asylum. Who can\\nmeasure the amount of their endurance during\\nthese fifteen hours of woe? An act was passed,\\nduring this time, in obedience to the demands\\nof the mob, dethroning the king. The hour\\nof midnight had now come and gone, and still", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "194 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe royal sufferers were in their comfortless\\nimprisonment, half-dead with excitement and\\nexhaustion. The young dauphin had fallen\\nasleep in his mother s arms. Madame Eliza-\\nbeth and the princess, entirely unnerved, were\\nsobbing with uncontrollable grief. The royal\\nfamily were then transferred, for the remainder\\nof the night, to some deserted and unfurnished\\nrooms in the old monastery of the Feuillants.\\nSome beds and mattresses were hastily col-\\nlected, and a few coarse chairs for their accom-\\nmodation. As soon as they had entered these\\ncheerless rooms, and were alone, the king\\nprostrated himself upon his knees, with his\\nfamily clinging around him, and gave utterance\\nto the prayer: Thy trials, O God! are dread-\\nful. Give us courage to bear them. We\\nadore the hand which chastens, as that which\\nhas so often blessed us. Have mercy on those\\nwho have died fighting in our defense.\\nUtter exhaustion enabled the unhappy family\\nto find a few hours of agitated sleep. The\\nsun arose the ensuing morning with burning\\nrays, and as they fell upon the eyelids of the\\nqueen, she looked wildly around her for a\\nmoment upon the cheerless scene, and then,\\nwith a shudder, exclaiming: **0h! I hoped\\nit was all a dream, buried her face again in\\nher pillow. The attendants around her burst\\ninto tears. *You see, my unhappy friends,\\nsaid Maria, a woman even more unhappy", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 19^\\nthan yourselves, for she has caused all your\\nmisfortunes. The queen wept bitterly as\\nshe was informed of the massacre of her friends\\nthe preceding day. Already the royal family\\nfelt the pressure of poverty. They were penni-\\nless, and had to borrow some garments for the\\nchildren. The king and queen could make no\\nchange in their disordered dress.\\nAt 10 o clock in the morning, a guard came\\nand conducted the royal family again to the\\nassembly. Immediately the hall was sur-\\nrounded by a riotous mob, clamoring for their\\nblood. At one moment the outer doors were\\nburst open, and the blood-thirsty wretches\\nmade a rush for the interior. The king, be-\\nlieving that their final hour had come, begged\\nhis friends to seek their own safety, and aban-\\ndon him and his family to their fate. The day\\nof agitation and terror, however, passed away,\\nand, as the gloom of night again darkened the\\ncity, the illustrious sufferers were reconveyed\\nto the Feuillants. All their friends were driven\\nfrom them, and guards were placed over them,\\nwho, by rudeness and insults, did what they\\ncould to add bitterness to their captivity.\\nIt was decided by the assembly that they\\nshould all be removed to the prison of the\\ntemple. At 3 o clock the next day two car-\\nriages were brought to the door, and the royal\\nfamily were conveyed through the thronged\\nstreets and by the most popular thoroughfares", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "196 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nto the prisoD. The eoeniies of royalty ap-\\npeared to court the ostentatious display of its\\ndegradation. As the carriages were slowly\\ndragged along, an immense concourse of spec-\\ntators lined the way, and insults and derision\\nwere heaped upon them at every step. At\\nlast, after two hours, in which they were con-\\nstrained to drain the cup of ignominy to its\\ndregs, the carriages rolled under the gloomy\\narches of the temple, and their prison doors\\nwere closed against them.\\nIn the meantime the allied army was advanc-\\ning with rapid strides toward the city. The\\nmost dreadful consternation reigned in the\\nmetropolis. The populace rose in its rage to\\nmassacre all suspected of being in favor of\\nroyalty. The prisons were crowded with the\\nvictims of suspicion. The rage of the mob\\nwould not wait for trial. The j^rison doors\\nwere burst open, and a general and awful mas-\\nsacre ensued. There was no mercy shown to\\nthe innocence of youth or to female helpless-\\nness. The streets of Paris were red with the\\nblood \u00c2\u00aef its purest citizens, and the spirit of\\nmurder, with unrestrained license, glutted its\\nvengeance. In one awful day and night many\\nthousands perished. The walls of rock and\\niron of the temple alone protected the royal\\nfasaily from a similar fate.\\nThe temple was a dismal fortress which\\nstood in the heart of Paris, a gloomy memorial", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 197\\nof past ages of violence and crime. It was\\nsituated not far from the Bastile, and inclosed\\nwithin its dilapidated yet massive walls a vast\\nspace of silence and desolation. In former\\nages cowled monks had moved with noiseless\\ntread through its spacious corridors, and their\\nmatins and vespers had vibrated along the\\nstone arches of this melancholy pile. But now\\nweeds choked its courtyard, and no sounds\\nwere heard in its deserted apartments but the\\nshrieking of the wind as it rushed through the\\ngrated windows and whistled around the angles\\nof the towers. The shades of night were add-\\ning to the gloom of this wretched abode as the\\ncaptives were led into its deserted and unfur-\\nnished cells. It was after midnight before the\\nrooms for their imprisonment were assigned to\\nthem. It was a night of Egyptian darkness.\\nSoldiers with drawn swords guarded them, as,\\nby the light of a lantern, they picked their\\nway through the rank weeds of the castle gar-\\nden, and over piles of rubbish, to a stone\\ntower, some thirty feet square and sixty feet\\nhigh, to whose damp, cheerless, and dismal\\napartments they were consigned. Where are\\nyou conducting us? inquired a faithful ser-\\nvant who had followed the fortunes of his\\nroyal master. The officer replied Thy mas-\\nter has been used to gilded roofs, but now he\\nwill see how the assassins of the people are\\nlodged.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "198 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nMadame Elizabeth was placed in a kind of\\nkitchen, or washroom, with a truckle bed in\\nit, on the ground floor. The second floor of\\nthe tower was assigned to the attendants of\\nthe household. One common wooden bedstead\\nand a few old chairs were the only furniture of\\nthe room. The third floor was assigned to\\nthe king, and queen, and the two children. A\\nfootman had formerly slept in the room, and\\nhad left suspended upon the walls some coarse\\nand vulgar prints. The king, immediately\\nglancing at them, took them down and turned\\ntheir faces to the wall, exclaiming: *I would\\nnot have my daughter see such things. The\\nking and the children soon fell soundly asleep\\nbut no repose came to the agitated mind of\\nMaria Antoinette. Her lofty and unbending\\nspirit felt these indignities and atrocities too\\nkeenly. She spent the night in silent tears,\\nand indulging in the most gloomy forebodings\\nof the fate which yet awaited them.\\nThe morning sun arose, but to show still\\nmore clearly the dismal aspect of the prison.\\nBut few rays could penetrate the narrow win-\\ndows of the tower, and blinds of oaken plank\\nwere so constructed that the inmates could\\nonly look out upon the sky. A very humble\\nbreakfast was provided for them, and then\\nthey began to look about to see what resources\\ntheir prison afforded to beguile the weary\\nhours. A few books were found, such as an", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 199\\nodd volume of Horace, and a few volumes of\\ndevotional treatises, which had long been\\nslumbering, moth-eaten, in these deserted\\ncells, where, in ages that were past, monks had\\nperformed their severe devotions. The king\\nimmediately systematized the hours, and sat\\ndown to the regular employment of teaching\\nhis children. The son and the daughter, with\\nminds prematurely developed by the agitations\\nand excitements in the midst of which they had\\nbeen cradled, clung to their parents with the\\nmost tender affection, and mitigated the hor-\\nrors of their captivity by manifesting the most\\nengaging sweetness of disposition, and by\\nprosecuting their studies with untiring vigor.\\nThe queen and Madame Elizabeth employed\\nthemselves with their needles. They break-\\nfasted at 9 o clock, and then devoted the fore-\\nnoon to reading and study. At 1 o clock they\\nwere permitted to walk for an hour, for exer-\\ncise, in the courtyard of the prison, which\\nhad long been consigned to the dominion of\\nrubbish and weeds. But in these walks they\\nwere daily exposed to the most cruel insults\\nfrom the guards that were stationed over them.\\nAt 2 o clock they dined. During the long\\nhours of the evening the king Tead aloud. At\\nnight, the queen prepared the children for\\nbed, and heard them repeat their prayers.\\nEvery day, however, more severe restrictions\\nwere imposed upon the captives. They were", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "200 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nsoon deprived of pens and paper; and then\\nscissors, knives, and even needles were taken\\naway, under the pretense that they might be\\nthe instruments of suicide. They were al-\\nlowed no communication of any kind with\\ntheir friends without, and were debarred from\\nall acquaintance with anything transpiring in\\nthe world. In that gloomy tower of stone and\\niron they were buried. A faithful servant,\\nhowever, adroitly opened communication with\\na newsboy, who, under the pretense of selling\\nthe daily papers, recounted under their prison\\nwindows, in as loud a voice as he could, the\\nleading articles of the journals he had for sale.\\nThe servant listened at the window with the\\nutmost care, and then privately communicated\\nthe information to the king and queen.\\nThe fate of the Princess Lamballe, who\\nperished at this time, is highly illustrative of\\nthe horrors in the midst of which all the Eoyal-\\nists lived. This lovely woman, left a widow\\nat eighteen, was attracted to the queen by her\\nmisfortunes, and became her most intimate\\nand devoted friend. She lodged in an apart-\\nment adjoining to the queen s, that she might\\nshare all her perils. Occasionally the prin-\\ncess was absent to watch over and cheer an\\naged friend, the Duke de Penthievre, her\\nfather-in-law, who resided at the Chateau de\\nTernon. She had gone a short time before\\nthe 20th of June to visit the aged duke, and", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "Maria Antoinette\\nMaria Antoinette I.eaving the Tribunal. {See p 231.)", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 201\\nMaria Antoinette, who foresaw the terrible\\nstorm about to burst upon them, wrote the fol-\\nlowing touching letter to her friend, urging\\nher not to return to the sufferings and dangers\\nof the Tuileries. The letter was found in the\\nhair of the Princess de Lamballe after hey\\nassassination.\\nDo not leave Vernon, my dear Lamballe,\\nbefore you are perfectly recovered. The good\\nDuke de Penthievre would be sorry and dis-\\ntressed, and we must all take care of his ad-\\nvanced age and respect his virtues. I have so\\noften told you to take heed of yourself, that,\\nif you love me, you must think of yourself;\\nwe shall require all of our strength in the\\ntimes in which we live. Oh do not return,\\nor return as late as possible. Your heart\\nwould be too deeply wounded you would have\\ntoo many tears to shed over my misfortunes\\nyou, who loved me so tenderly. This race of\\ntigers which infests the kingdom would cruelly\\nenjoy itself if it knew all the sufferings we\\nundergo. Adieu, my dear Lamballe; I am\\nalways thinking of you, and you know I never\\nchange.\\nThe princess, notwithstanding this advice,\\nhastened to join her friend and to share her\\nfate. She stood by the side of the queen dur-\\ning the sleeplessness of the night preceding the", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "302 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\n20th of June, and clung to her during all those\\nlong and terrific hours in which the mob filled\\nher apartment with language of obscenity,\\nmenace, and rage. She accompanied the royal\\nfamily to the assembly, shared with them the\\ncheerless night in the old monastery of the\\nFeuillants, and followed them to the gloomy\\nprison of the temple. The stern decree of the\\nassembly, depriving the royal family of the\\npresence of any of their friends, excluded the\\nprincess from the prison. She still, however,\\nlived but to weep over the sorrows of those\\nwhom she so tenderly loved.\\nShe was soon arrested as a Loyalist, and\\nplunged, like the vilest criminal, into the\\nprison of La Force. For the crime of loving\\nthe king and queen she was summoned to ap-\\npear before the Revolutionary tribunal. The\\nofficers found her lying upon her pallet in the\\nprison, surrounded by other wretched victims\\nof lawless violence, scarcely able to raise her\\nhead from her pillow. She entreated them to\\nleave her to die where she was. One of the\\nofficers leaned over her bed, and whispered to\\nher that they were her friends, and that her\\nlife depended upon her entire compliance with\\ntheir directions. She immediately arose and\\naccompanied the guard down the prison stairs\\nto the door. There two brutal-looking\\nwretches, covered with blood, stood waiting to\\nreceive her. As they grasped her arms, she", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "iMi RISONMENT IN TME TEMPLE. ^Oi\\nfainted. It was long before she recovered.\\nAs soon as she revived she was led before the\\njudges. Swear, said one of them, that\\nyou love liberty and equality and swear that\\nyou hate all kings and queens.\\nI am willing to swear the first, she re-\\nplied, **but as to hatred of kings and queens,\\nI cannot swear it, for it is not in my heart.\\nAnother judge, moved with pity by her youth\\nand innocence, bent over her and whispered\\n**Swear anything, or you are lost. She still\\nremained silent. Well, said one, you\\nmay go, but when you get into the street,\\nshout Vive la nation! The courtyard was\\nfilled with assassins, who cut down, with pikes\\nand bludgeons, the condemned as they were\\n.led out from the court, and the mutilated and\\ngory bodies of the slain were strewn over the\\npavement. Two soldiers took her by the arm\\nto lead her out. As she passed from the door,\\nthe dreadful sight froze her heart with terror,\\nand she exclaimed, forgetful of the peril:\\nO God how horrible One of the soldiers,\\nby a friendly impulse, immediately covered\\nher mouth with his hand, that her exclamations\\nmight not be heard. She was led into the\\nstreet, filled with assassins thirsting for the\\nblood of the Royalists, and had advanced but\\na few steps, when a journeyman barber, stag-\\ngering with intoxication and infuriated with\\ncarnage, endeavored, in a kind of brutal jest-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "204 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ning, to strike her cap from her head with his\\nlong pike. The blow fell upon her forehead,\\ncutting a deep gash, and the blood gushed out\\nover her face. The assassins around, deeming\\nthis the signal for their onset, fell upon her.\\nA blow from a bludgeon laid her dead upon\\nthe pavement. One, seizing her by the hair,\\nwith a saber cut off her head. Others tore her\\ngarments from her graceful limbs, and, cutting\\nher body into fragments, paraded the mutt-\\nlated remains upon their pikes through the\\nstreets. The dissevered head they bore into an\\nalehouse, and drank and danced around the\\nghastly trophy in horrid carousal. The riot-\\ning multitude then, in the frenzy of intoxi-\\ncation, swarmed through the streets to the\\ntemple, to torture the king and queen with the\\ndreadful spectacle. The king, hearing the\\nshoutings and tumultuous laughter of the\\nmob, went to the window, and recognized, in\\nthe gory head thrust up to him upon the point\\nof a pike, the features of his much-loved\\nfriend. He immediately led the queen to\\nanother part of the room, that she might be\\nshielded from the dreadful spectacle.\\nSuch were the flashes of terror which were\\naver gleaming through the bars of their win-\\ndows. The horrors of each passing moment\\nwere magnified by the apprehension of still\\nmore dreadful evils to come. There was, how-\\never, one consolation yet left them. They", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 205\\nwere permitted to cling together. Locked in\\neach others arms, they could bow in prayer,\\nand by sympathy and love sustain their fainting\\nhearts. It was soon, however, thought that\\nthese indulgences were too great for dethroned\\nroyalty to enjoy. But a few days of their\\ncaptivity had passed away, when, at midnight,\\nthey were aroused by an unusual uproar, and\\na band of brutal soldiers came clattering into\\ntheir room with lanterns, and, in the most\\nharsh and insulting manner, commanded the\\nimmediate expulsion of all the servants and\\nattendants of the royal family. Expostula-\\ntion and entreaty were alike unavailing. The\\ncaptives were stripped of all their friends, and\\npassed the remainder of the night in sleepless-\\nness and in despair. With the light of the\\nmorning they endeavored to nerve themselves\\nto bear with patience this new trial. The\\nking performed the part of a nurse in aiding\\nto wash and dress the children. For the\\nhealth of the children, they went into the\\ncourtyard of the prison before dinner for ex-\\nercise and the fresh air. A soldier, stationed\\nthere to guard them, came up deliberately to\\nthe queen, and amused his companions by\\npuffing tobacco smoke from his pipe into her\\nface. The parents read upon the walls the\\nnames of their children, described as whelps\\nwho ought to be strangled.\\nSis weeks of this almost unendurable agony", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "206 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\npassed away, when, one night, as the unhappy\\ncaptives were clustered together, finding in\\ntheir mutual and increasing affection a solace\\nfor all their woes, six nauncipial officers entered\\nthe tower, and read a decree ordering the en-\\ntire separation of the king from the rest of his\\nfamily. No language can express the conster-\\nnation of the sufferers in view of this cruel\\nmeasure. Without mercy, the officers imme-\\ndiately executed the barbarous command, by\\ntearing the king from the embraces of his\\nagonized wife and his grief-distracted chil-\\ndren. The king, overwhelmed with anguish in\\nview of the sufferings which his wife and\\nchildren must endure, most earnestly implored\\nthem not to separate him from his family.\\nThey were inflexible, and, hardly allowing the\\nroyal family one moment for their parting\\nadieus, hurried the king away. It was the\\ndark hour of a gloomy night. The few rays\\nof light from the lanterns guided them through\\nnarrow passages, and over piles of rubbish to\\na distant angle of the huge and dilapidated\\nfortress, where they thrust the king into an\\nunfurnished cell, and, locking the door upon\\nhim, they left him with one tallow candle to\\nmake visible the gloom and the solitude.\\nThere was, in one corner, a miserable pallet,\\nand heaps of moldering bricks and mortar were\\nscattered over the damp floor. The king\\nthrew himself, in utter despair, upon this", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "IMPRISONMENT IN THE TEMPLE. 207\\nwretched bed, and counted, till the morning\\ndawned, the steps of the sentinel pacing to and\\nfro before his door. At length a small piece\\nof bread and a bottle of water were brought\\nhim for his breakfast.\\nThe anguish of the queen in the endurance\\nof this most cruel separation was apparently\\nas deep as human nature could experience.\\nHer woe amounted to delirium. Pale and\\nhaggard, she walked to and fro, beseeching\\nher jailers that they would restore to her and\\nto her children the husband and the father.\\nHer pathetic entreaties touched even their\\nhearts of stone. I do believe, said one of\\nthem, **that these infernal women will make\\neven me weep. After some time, they con-\\nsented that the king should occasionally be\\npermitted to partake his meals with his family,\\na guard being always present to hear whe-t they\\nshould say. Immediately after the meal, he\\nwas to be taken back to his solitary imprison-\\nment.\\nSuch was the condition of the royal family\\nduring a period of about four months, varied\\nby the capricious mercy or cruelty of the\\ndifferent persons who were placed as guards\\nover them. Their clothes became soiled,\\nthreadbare, and tattered; and they were de-\\nprived of all means of repairing their gar-\\nments, lest they should convert needles and\\nscissors into instruments of suicide. The", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "208 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nking was not allowed the use of a razor to re-\\nmove his beard and the luxury of a barber to\\nperform that essential part of his toilet was an\\nexpense which his foes could not incur. It\\nwas the studied endeavor of those who now\\nMaria Antoinette in Prison.\\nrode upon the crested yet perilous billows of\\npower to degrade royalty to the lowest depths\\nof debasement and contempt that the behead-\\ning of the king and the queen might be re-\\ngarded as merely the execution of a male and a\\nfemale felon dragged from the loathsome dun-\\ngeons of crime.", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEK X.\\nEXECUTION OF THE KENG.\\nOn the 11th of December, 1792, just four\\nmonths after the royal family had been con-\\nsigned to the temple, as the captives were tak-\\ning their breakfast, a great noise of the roll-\\ning of drums, the neighing of horses, and the\\ntramp of a numerous multitude was heard\\naround the prison walls soon some one en-\\ntered, and informed the king that these were\\nthe preparations which were making to escort\\nhim to his trial. The king knew perfectly\\nwell that this was the step which preceded his\\nexecution, and, as he thought of the awful\\nsituation of his family, he threw himself into\\nhis chair and buried his face in his hands,\\nand for two hours remained in that attitude\\nimmovable. He was roused from his painful\\nreverie by the entrance of the officers to con-\\nduct him to the bar of his judges, from whom\\nhe was aware he could expect no mercy. I\\nfollow you, said the king, *not in obedience\\nto the orders of the convention, but because\\nmy enemies are the more powerful. He put\\non his brown greatcoat and hat, and, silently\\n16\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "210 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ndescending the stairs to the door of the tower,\\nentered a carriage which was there awaiting\\nhim. As he had long been deprived of his\\nrazors, his chin and cheeks were covered with\\nmasses of hair. His garments hung loosely\\naround his emaciated frame, and all dignity of\\naspect was lost in the degraded condition to\\nwhich designing cruelty had reduced him.\\nThe captive monarch was escorted through the\\nstreets by regiments of cavalry, infantry, and\\nartillery; every man furnished with fifteen\\nrounds of ammunition to repel any attempts at\\na rescue. A countless throng of people lined\\nthe streets through which the illustrious pris-\\noner was conveyed. The multitude gazed upon\\nthe melancholy procession in profound silence.\\nHe soon stood before the bar of the convention.\\nLouis, said the president, the French\\nnation accuses you. You are about to hear\\nthe charges which are to be preferred. Louis,\\nbe seated. The king listened with perfect\\ntranquillity and self-possession to a long cata-\\nlogue of accusations, in which his efforts to\\nsustain the falling monarchy, and his exertions\\nto protect himself and family from insults and\\ndeath, were construed into crimes against the\\nnation.\\nThe examination of the king was long, mi-\\nnute, and was conducted by those who were im-\\npatient for his blood. At its close, the king,\\nperfectly exhausted by mental excitement and", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "EXECUTION OF THE KING. 211\\nthe want of refreshment, was led back into the\\nwaiting room of the convention. He was\\nscarcely able to stand for faintness. He saw\\na soldier eating a piece of bread. He ap-\\nproached, and, in a whisper, begged him for a\\npiece, and ate it. Here was the monarch of\\nthirty millions of people, in the heart of his\\nproud capital, and with all his palaces around\\nhim, actually begging bread of a poor soldier.\\nThe king was again placed in the carriage, and\\nconveyed back to his prison in the temple.\\nAs the cortege passed slowly by the palace of\\nthe Tuileries, the scene of all his former gran-\\ndeur and happiness, the king gazed long and\\nsadly on the majestic pile so lost in thought\\nthat he heeded not, and apparently heard not,\\nthe insulting cries which were resounding\\naround him. As the king entered the temple,\\nhe raised his eyes most wistfully to the queen s\\napartment but the windows were so barred\\nthat no glances could be interchanged. The\\nking was conducted to his apartment, and was\\ninformed that he could no longer be permitted\\nto hold any communication whatever with the\\nother members of his family. He contrived,\\nhowever, by means of a tangle of thread, in\\nwhich was inclosed a piece of paper, perforated\\nby a needle, to get a note to the queen, and to\\nreceive a few words in return. He, however,\\nfelt that his doom was sealed, and began from\\nthat hour to look forward to his immortality.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "212 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nHe made his will, in which he spoke in most\\naffecting terms of his wife, and his children,\\nand his enemies, commending them all to the\\nprotection of God.\\nAn indescribable gloom now reigned through-\\nout Paris. The allied armies on the frontiers\\nwere gradually advancing. The French troops\\nwere defeated. It was feared that the Eoyal-\\nists would rise, and join the invaders, and res-\\ncue the king. Desperadoes rioted through the\\nstreets, clamoring for the blood of their mon-\\narch. With knives and bludgeons they sur-\\nrounded the convention, threatening the lives\\nof all if they did not consign the king to the\\nguillotine. The day for the final decision came\\nShall the king live or die? On that day the\\nheart of the metropolis throbbed as never be-\\nfore. It was the 20th of January, 1793. The\\nconvention had already been in uninterrupted\\nsession for fifteen hours. The clamor of the\\ntumultuous and threatening mob gave portent-\\nous warning of the doom which awaited the\\nmembers of the assembly should they dare to\\nspare the life of the king. One by one the\\ndeputies mounted the tribune as their names\\nwere called in alphabetical order, and gave\\ntheir vote. For some time death and exile\\nseemed equally balanced. The results of the\\nvote were read. The convention comprised\\nseven hundred and twenty-one voters, three\\nhundred and thirty-four of whom voted for", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "EXECUTION OF THE KING. 213\\nexile, and three hundred and eighty-seven for\\ndeath.\\nLouis sat alone in his prison, calmly await-\\ning the decision. He laid down that night,\\nknowing that his doom was sealed, and yet not\\nknowing what that doom was. Malesherbes,\\nthe venerable friend who had volunteered for\\nhis defense, came to communicate the mourn-\\nful tidings. He fell at the king s feet so\\novercome with emotion that he could not speak.\\nThe king understood the language of his si-\\nlence and his tears, and uttered himself the\\nsentence, Death. But a few moments\\nelapsed before the officers of the convention\\ncame, in all the pomp and parade of the land,\\nto communicate to the king his doom to the\\nguillotine in twenty -four hours. With perfect\\ncalmness, and fixing his eye immovably upon\\nhis judges he heard the reading of the sen-\\ntence. The reading concluded, the king pre-\\nsented a paper to the deputies, which he first\\nread to them in the clear and commanding\\ntones of a monarch upon his throne, demand-\\ning a respite of three days, in order to prepare\\nto appear before God also permission to see\\nhis family, and to converse with a priest. The\\nconvention, angry at these requests, informed\\nthe king that he might see any priest he\\npleased, and that he might see his family, but\\nthat the execution must take place in twenty-\\nfour hours from the time of the sentence.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "^14 MARIA ANTOlNETTiE.\\nDarkness had again fallen upon the city, when\\nthe minister of religion, M. Edgeworth, was\\nled through the gloomy streets, to administer\\nthe consolations of piety to the condemned\\nmonarch. As he entered the apartment of the\\nking, he fell at his feet and burst into tears.\\nLouis for a moment wept, when, recovering\\nhimself, he said: Pardon me this momentary\\nweakness. I have so long lived among ene-\\nmies, that habit has rendered me insensible to\\nhatred. The sight of a faithful friend restores\\nmy sensibility, and moves me to tears in spite\\nof myself. A long conversation ensued, in\\nwhich the king inquired, with the greatest in-\\nterest, respecting the fate of his numerous\\nfriends. He read his will with the utmost de-\\nliberation, his voice faltering only when he\\nalluded to his wife, children, and sister. At\\n7 o clock he was to have his last agonizing in-\\nterview with his beloved family, and the\\nthought of this agitated him far more than the\\nprospect of the scaffold.\\nThe hour for the last sad meeting arrived.\\nThe king, having prepared his heart by prayer\\nfor the occasion, descended into a small un-\\nfurnished room, where he was to meet his\\nfamily. The door opened. The queen, lead-\\ning his son, and Madame Elizabath, leading\\nhis daughter, with trembling, fainting steps,\\nentered the room. Not a word was uttered.\\nThe king threw himself upon a bench, drew", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "EXECUTION OF THE KING. 216\\nthe queen to his right side, his sister to the\\nleft, and their arms encircled his neck, and\\ntheir heads hung upon his breast. The son\\nclimbed upon his father s knee, clinging with\\nhis arms frantically to his bosom and the\\ndaughter, throwing herself at his feet, buried\\nher head in his lap, her beautiful hair, in dis-\\nordered ringlets, falling over her shoulders.\\nA long half-hour thus passed, in which not one\\nsingle articulate word was spoken, but the an-\\nguish of these united hearts was expressed in\\ncries and lamentations which pierced through\\nthe stone walls of their prison, and were heard\\nby passers-by in the streets. But human\\nnature could not long endure this intensity of\\nagony. Total exhaustion ensued. Their tears\\ndried upon their cheeks; embraces, kisses,\\nwhispers of tenderness and love, and woe en-\\nsued, which lasted for two hours.\\nThe king then clasped them each in a long\\nembrace, pressing his lips to their cheeks, and\\nprepared to retire. Clinging to each other in\\nan inseparable group, thej* approached the\\nstaircase which the king was to ascend, when\\ntheir piercing, heart-rending cries were re-\\nnewed. The king, summoning all his forti-\\ntude to his aid, tore himself from them, and,\\nin most tender accents, cried Adieu adieu\\nhastily ascended the stairs and disappeared,\\nhaving partially promised that he would see\\ntbem again in the morning. The princess", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "216 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nroyal fell fainting upon the floor, and was\\nborne insensible to her room. The king,\\nreaching his apartment, threw himself into a\\nchair, and exclaimed: What an interview I\\nLave had Why do I love so fondly Alas\\nwhy am I so fondly loved? But we have now\\ndone with time, let us occupy ourselves with\\neternity.\\nThe hour of midnight had now arrived.\\nThe king threw himself upon his bed, and slept\\nas calmly, as peacefully, as though he had\\nnever krown a sorrow. At 5 o clock he was\\nawakened, and received the sacrament of the\\nLord s Supper. Then, taking a small parcel\\nfrom his bosom, and removing his wedding\\nring from his finger, he said to an attendant:\\nAfter my death, I wish you to give this seal\\nto my son, this ring to the queen. Say to the\\nqueen, my dear children, and my sister, that\\nI had promised to see them this morning, but\\nthat I desired to spare them the agony of this\\nbitter separation twice over. How much it\\nLas cost me to part without receiving their\\nlast embraces! Here his utterance was im-\\npeded by sobs. He then called for some\\nscissors, that he might cut off locks of hair\\nfor his family. As he soon after stood by the\\nstove, warming himself, he exclaimed How\\nLappy am I that I maintained my Christian\\nfaith while on the throne I What would have\\nbeen my condition now, were it not for this", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "Maria Antomett\\nMaria Antoinette Summoned to Execution. {Seep. ^.J^. j", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "EXECUTION OF THE KING. 217\\nhope! Soon faint gleams of the light of day\\nbegan to penetrate through the iron bars and\\nplanks which guarded his windows. It was\\nthe signal for the beating of drums, the tramp\\nof armed men, the rolling of heavy carrages of\\nartillery, and the clattering of horses hoofs.\\nAs the escort were arriving at their stations in\\nthe courtyard of the temple, a great noise was\\nheard upon the staircase. They have come\\nfor me, said the king; and, rising with per-\\nfect calmness and without a tremor, he opened\\nthe door. It was a false summons. Again\\nand again, under various pretexts, the door\\nwas opened, until 9 o clock, when a tumultuous\\nnoise upon the staircase announced the ap-\\nproach of a body of armed men. Twelve\\nmunicipal officers and twelve soldiers entered\\nthe apartment. The soldiers formed in two\\nlines. The king, with a serene air, placed him-\\nself between the double lines, and, looking to\\none of the municipal officers, said, presenting\\nto him a roll of paper, which was his last will\\nand testament, *I beg of you to transmit this\\npaper to the queen. The municipal brutally\\nreplied\\nThat is no alBfair of mine. I am here\\nto conduct you to the scaffold.\\n**True, the king replied, and gave the\\npaper to another, who received it. The king\\nthen, taking his hat and declining his coat,\\nnotwithstanding the severity of the cold, said.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "21B MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwith a dignified gesture and a tone of com-\\nmand: **Let us go. The king led the way,\\nfollowed, rather than conducted, by his escort.\\nDescending the stairs, he met the turnkey,\\nwho had been disrespectful to him the night\\nbefore, and whom the king had reproached\\nfor his insolence. Louis immediately ap-\\nproached the unfeeling jailor, and said to\\nhim, Mathey, I was somewhat warm with\\nyou yesterday; forgive me, for the sake of\\nthis hour. The imbruted monster turned\\nupon his heel without any reply.\\nAs he crossed the courtyard of the temple,\\nhe anxiously gazed upon the windows of the\\napartment where the queen, his sister, and his\\nchildren were imprisoned. The windows were\\nso guarded by plank shutters that no glances\\nfrom the loved ones within could meet his\\neye. As the heart of the king dwelt upon the\\nscenes of anguish which he knew must be pass-\\ning there, it seemed for a moment that his for-\\ntitude would fail him. But, with a violent\\neffort, he recovered his composure and passed\\non. At the entrance of the temple a carriage\\nawaited the king. Two soldiers entered the\\ncarriage, and took seats by his side. The\\nking s confessor also rode in the carriage. It\\nwas the 21st of January, 1793, a gloomy win-\\ntei*s day. Dark clouds lowered in the sky.\\nFog and smoke darkened the city. The at-\\nmosphere was raw, and cold in the extreme.", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "EXECUTION OF THE KING. 219\\nNature seemed in harmony with man s deed of\\ncruelty and crime. The shops were all closed,\\nthe markets were empty. No citizens were\\nallowed to cross the streets en fhe line of\\nmarch, or even to show themselves at the win-\\ndows. Sixty drums kept up a deafening\\nclamor as the vast procession of cavalry, in-\\nfantry, and artillery marched before, behind,\\nand on each side of the carriage. Cannon,\\nloaded with grapeshot, with matches lighted,\\nguarded the main street on the line of march,\\nto prevent the possibility of an attempt even\\nat rescue. The noise of the drums, the clatter\\nof the iron hoofs of the horses, and the rum-\\nbling of the heavy pieces of artillery over the\\npavements prevented all discourse, and the\\nking, leaning back in his carriage, surrendered\\nhimself to such reflections as the awful hour\\nwould naturally suggest. The perfect calm-\\nness of the king excited the admiration of\\nthose who were near his person, and a few\\nhearts in the multitude, touched with pity,\\ngave utterance to the cry of Pardon! par-\\ndon! The sounds, however, died away in\\nthe throng, awakening no sympathetic re-\\nsponse. As the procession moved along, no\\nsound proceeded from human lips. A feeling\\nof awe appeared to have taken possession of the\\nwhole city. The sentiment of loyalty had, for\\nso many centuries, pervaded the bosoms of the\\nFrench people, that they could not conduct", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "220 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ntheir monarch to the scaffold without the deep-\\nest emotions of awe. A feeling of consterna-\\ntion oppressed every heart in view of the deed\\nnow to be perpetrated. But it was too late to\\nretract. Perhaps there was not an individual\\nin that vast throng who did not shudder in\\nview of the crime of that day. At one spot on\\nthe line of march, seven or eight young men,\\nin the spirit of desperate heroism which the\\noccasion excited, hoping that the pity of the\\nmultitude would cause them to rally for their\\naid, broke through the line, sword in hand,\\nand, rushing toward the carriage, shouted,\\nHelp for those who would save the king.\\nThree thousand young men had enrolled them-\\nselves in the conspiracy to respond to this call.\\nBut the preparations to resist such an attempt\\nwere too formidable to allow of any hopes of\\nsuccess. The few who heroically made the\\nmovement were instantly cut down. At the\\nPlace de la Revolution, one hundred thousand\\npeople were gathered in silence around the\\nscaffold. The instrument of death, with its\\nblood-red beams and posts, stood prominent\\nabove the multitudinous assemblage in the\\ndamp, murky air.\\nThe guillotine was erected in the center of\\nthe Place de la Eevolution, directly in the\\nfront of the garden of the Tuileries. This\\ncelebrated instrument of death was invented in\\nItaly by a physician named Guillotin, and", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "EXECUTION OF THE KING. 221\\nfrom him received its name. A heavy ax,\\nraised by machinery between two upright posts,\\nby the touching of a spring fell, gliding down\\nbetween two grooves, and severed the head from\\nthe body with the rapidity of lightning. The\\npalace in which Louis had passed the hours of\\nhis infancy, and his childhood, and the days\\nof his early grandeur; the magnificent gardens\\nof the palace, where he had so often been\\ngreeted with acclamations; the spacious Ely-\\nsian Fields, the pride of Paris, were all spread\\naround, as if in mockery of the sacrifice\\nwhich was there to be offered. This whole\\nspace was crowded with a countless multitude,\\nclustered upon the housetops, darkening the\\nwindows, swinging upon the trees, to witness\\nthe tragic spectacle of the beheading of their\\nking. Arrangements had been made to have\\nthe places immediately around the scaffold filled\\nby the unrelenting foes of the monarch, that\\nno emotions of pity might retard the bloody\\ncatastrophe. As the carriage approached the\\nplace of execution, the hum of the mighty mul-\\ntitude was hushed, and a silence, as of death,\\npervaded the immense throng.\\nAt last the carriage stopped at the foot of\\nthe scaffold. The king raised his eyes, and\\nsaid to his confessor, in a low but calm tone\\nWe have arrived, I think. By a silent ges-\\nture the confessor assented. The king, ever\\nmore mindful of others than of himself, placed\\n17\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "222 MARtA ANTOINETTE.\\nhis hand upon the knee of the confessor, and\\nsaid to the officers and executioners who were\\ncrowded around the coach: Gentlemen, I\\nrecommend to your protection this gentleman.\\nSee that he be not insulted after my death. I\\ncharge you to watch over him. As no one\\nmade any reply, the king repeated the admo-\\nnition in tones still more earnest.\\n**Yes! yes! interrupted one jeeringly,* make\\nyour mind easy about that we will take care of\\nhim. Let us alone for that.\\nThree of the executioners then approached\\nthe king to undress him. He waved them from\\nhim with an authoritative gesture, and himself\\ntook off his coat, his cravat, and turned down\\nhis shirt collar. The executioners then came\\nwith cords to bind him to a plank.\\n**Whatdoyou intend to do? he exclaimed\\nindignantly.\\nWe intend to bind you, they replied, as\\nthey seized his hands. To be bound was an un-\\nexpected indignity, at which the blood of the\\nmonarch recoiled.\\nNo! no! heexclaimed,**! will never submit\\nto that. Do your business, but you shall not\\nbind me. The king resisted. The execu-\\ntioners called for help. A scene of violence\\nwas about to ensue. The king turned his eye\\nto his confessor, as if for counsel.\\n**Sire, said the Abbe Edgeworth, **submit\\nunresistingly to this fresh outrage, as the last", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "EXECUTION OF THE KING. 223\\nresemblance to the Saviour who is about to rec-\\nompense your sufferings. Louis raised his\\neyes to heaven, and said\\nAssuredly there needed nothing less than the\\nexample of the Saviour to induce me to submit to\\nsuch an indignity. He then reached his hands\\nout to the executioners, and said Do as you\\nwill I will drink the cup to the dregs. Lean-\\ning upon the arm of his friend, he ascended the\\nsteep and slippery steps of the guillotine\\nthen, walking across the platform firmly, he\\nlooked for a moment intently upon the sharp\\nblade of the ax, and turning suddenly to the\\npopulace, exclaimed, in a voice clear and dis-\\ntinct, which penetrated to the remotest extrem-\\nities of the square, People, I die innocent of\\nall the crimes laid to my charge. I pardon\\nthe authors of my death, and pray God that\\nthe blood you are about to shed may never fall\\nagain upon France. And you unhapp}- peo-\\nple Here the drums were ordered to beat,\\nand the deafening clamor drowned his words.\\nThe king turned slowly to the guillotine and\\nsurrendered himself to the executioners. He\\nwas bound to the plank. The plank sunk.\\nThe blade glided. The head fell.\\nOne of the executioners seized the severed\\nhead of the monarch by the hair, and, raising\\nthe bloody trophy of their triumph, showed it\\nto the shuddering throng, while the blood\\ndripped from it on the scaffold. A few des-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "224 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nperadoes dipped their sabers and the points of\\ntheir pikes in the blood, and, waving them in\\nthe air, shouted Vive la Eepnblique! The\\nmultitude, however, responded not to the cry.\\nExplosions of artillery announced to the dis-\\ntant parts of the city that the sacrifice was\\nconsummated. The remains of the monarch\\nwere conveyed on a covered cart to the ceme-\\ntery of the Madeleine, and lime was thrown\\ninto the grave, that the body might be speedily\\nand entirely consumed.\\nOver the grave where he was buried Napo-\\nleon subsequently began the splendid temple\\nof glory, in commemoration of the monarch\\nand other victims who fell in the Revolution.\\nThe completion of the edifice was frustrated\\nby the fall of Napoleon. The Bourbons, how-\\never, on their restoration to the throne, fin-\\nished the building, and it is now called the\\nChurch of the Madeleine, and it constitutes\\none of the most beautiful structures of Paris.\\nThe spot on which the monarch fell is now\\nmarked by a colossal obelisk of blood-red\\ngranite, which the French government, in\\n1833, transported from Thebes, in Upper\\nEgypt. Louis was unquestionably one of the\\nmost conscientious and upright sovereigns who\\never sat upon a throne. He loved his people,\\nand earnestly desired to do everything in his\\npower to promote their welfare. And it can\\nhardly be doubted that he was guided through", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "EXECUTION OF THE KING.\\n225\\nlife, and sustained through the awful trial of\\nhis death, by the principle of sincere piety.\\nChurch of the Madeleine.\\nThe tidings of his execution sent a thrill of\\nhorror through Europe, and fastened such a\\nstigma upon republicanism as to pave the way\\nfor the re-erection of the throne.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEE XI.\\nTRIAL AND EXECUTION OF MABIA ANTOINETTE.\\nWhile the king was suffering upon the\\nguillotine, the queen, with Madame Elizabeth\\nand the children, remained in their prison, in\\nthe endurance of anguish as severe as could be\\nlaid upon human hearts. The queen was\\nplunged into a continued succession of swoons,\\nand when she heard the booming of the artil-\\nlery, which announced that the fatal ax had\\nfallen and that her husband was headless, her\\ncompanions feared that her life was also, at the\\nsame moment to be extinguished. Soon the\\nrumbling of wheels, the rolling of heavy pieces\\nof cannon, and the shouts of the multitude\\npenetrating through the bars of her cell, pro-\\nclaimed the return of the procession from the\\nscene of death. The queen was extremely anx-\\nious to be informed of all the details of the\\nlast moments of the king, but her foes refused\\nher even this consolation.\\nDays and nights now lingered slowly along,\\nwhile the captives were perishing in monoto-\\nnous misery. The severity of their imprison-\\nment was continually increased by new depri-\\n226", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "TRIAL AND EXECUTION. 227\\nvations. No comnmnications from the world\\nwithout were permitted to reach their ears.\\nShutters were so arranged that even the sky\\nwas scarcely visible, and no employment what-\\never was allowed them to beguile their hours\\nof woe. About four months after the death of\\nthe king, a loud noise was heard one night at\\nthe door of their chamber, and a band of armed\\nmen came tumultuously in, and read to the\\nqueen an order that her little son should be\\nentirely separated from her, and imprisoned by\\nhimself. The poor child, as he heard this\\ncruel decree, was frantic with terror, and,\\nthrowing himself into his mother s arms,\\nshrieked out: *0h, mother! mother! mother!\\ndo not abandon me to those men. They will\\nkill me as they did papa. The queen was\\nthrown into a perfect delirium of mental agony.\\nShe placed her child upon the bed, and, station-\\ning herself before him, with eyes glaring like\\na tigress, and with almost superhuman energy,\\ndeclared that they should tear her in pieces\\nbefore they should touch her poor boy. The\\nofficers were subdued by this affecting exhibi-\\ntion of maternal love, and forbore violence.\\nFor two hours she thus contended against all\\ntheir solicitations, until, entirely overcome by\\nexhaustion, she fell in a swoon upon the floor.\\nThe child was then hurried^ from the apartment,\\nand placed under the Qfane of a brutal wretch\\nwhose name, Simon, inhumanity has immor-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "228 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\ntalized. The unhappy child threw himself\\nupon the floor of his cell, and for two days\\nremained without any nourishment. The\\nqueen abandoned herself to utter despair.\\nMadame Elizabeth and Maria Theresa per-\\nformed all the service of the chamber, making\\nthe beds, sweeping the room, and attending\\nupon the queen. No importunities on the\\npart of Maria Antoinette could obtain for her\\nthe favor of a single interview with her child.\\nThree more months passed slowly away,\\nwhen early in August, the queen was aroused\\nfrom her sleep at midnight by armed men,\\nwith lanterns, bursting into her room. With\\nunfeeling barbarity, they ordered her to accom-\\npany them to the prison of the Conciergerie,\\nthe most dismal prison in Paris, where those\\ndoomed to die awaited their execution. The\\nqueen listened, unmoved, to the order, for her\\nheart had now become callous even to woe.\\nHer daughter and Madame Elizabeth threw\\nthemselves at the feet of the officers, and most\\npathetically, but unavailingly, implored them\\nnot to deprive them of their only remaining\\nsolace. The queen was compelled to rise and\\ndress in the presence of the wretches who ex-\\nulted over her abasement. She clasped her\\ndaughter for one frantic moment convulsively\\nto her heart, covered her with embraces and\\nkisses, spoke a few words of impassioned ten-\\nderness to her sister, and then, as if striving", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "TRIAL AND EXECUTION. 229\\nby violence to throw herself from the room,\\nshe inadvertently struck her forehead a severe\\nblow against the low portal of the door. Did\\nyou hurt you? inquired one of the men.\\nOh, no! was the despairing reply,\\nnothing now can further harm me.\\nA few lights glimmered dimly from the\\nstreet lamps as the queen entered the carriage,\\nguarded by soldiers, and was conveyed through\\nthe somber streets to her last earthly abode.\\nThe prison of the Conciergerie consists of a\\nseries of subterranean dungeons beneath the\\nfloor of the Palais de Justice. More damp,\\ndark, gloomy dens of stone and iron the imag-\\nination cannot conceive. Down the^ dripping\\nand slippery steps she was led, groping her\\nway by the feeble light of a tallow candle, until\\nshe approached, through a labyrinth of corri-\\ndors, an iron door. It grated upon its hinges,\\nand she was thrust in, two soldiers accom-\\npanying her, and the door was closed. It was\\nmidnight. The lantern gave just light enough\\nto show her the horrors of her cell. The floor\\nwas covered with mud and water, while little\\nstreams trickled down the stonewalls. A mis-\\nerable pallet in one corner, an old pine table\\nand one chair, were all the comforts the king-\\ndom of France could afford its queen.\\nThe heart of the wife of the jailer was\\ntouched with compassion in view of this un-\\nmitigated misery. She did not dare to speak", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "230 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwords of kindDGSs, for they would be reported\\nby the guard. She, however, prepared for her\\nsome food, ventured to loan her some needles,\\nand a ball of worsted, and communicated Intel-\\nligence of her daughter and son. The Com-\\nmittee of Public Safety heard of these acts of\\nmercy, and the jailer and his wife were imme-\\ndiately arrested, and plunged into those dun-\\ngeons into which they would have allowed the\\nspirit of humanity to enter. The shoes of the\\nqueen, saturated with water, soon fell from\\nher feet. Her stockings and her dress, from\\nthe humidity of the air, were in tatters. Two\\nsoldiers, with drawn swords, were stationed\\nby her side night and day, with the command\\nnever, even for one moment, to turn their eyes\\nfrom her. The daughter of the new jailer,\\ntouched with compassion, and regardless of the\\nfate of the predecessors of her parents, entered\\nher cell every morning to dress her whitened\\nlocks, which sorrow had bleached. The queen\\nventured one day to solicit an additional coun-\\nterpane for her bed. How dare you make\\nsuch a request? replied the solicitor general\\nof the commune you deserve to be sent to\\nthe guillotine! The queen succeeded\\nsecretly, by means of a toothpick, which she\\nconverted into a tapestry needle, in plaiting a\\ngarter from thread which she plucked from an\\nold woollen coverlet. This memorial of a\\nmother s love she contrived, by stratagem, to", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "TRIAL AND EXECUTION. 231\\ntransmit to her daughter. This was the rich-\\nest legacj the daughter of Maria Theresa and\\nthe Queen of France could bequeath to her\\nchild. That garter is still preserved as a sacred\\nrelic by those who revere the memory and com-\\nmiserate the misfortunes of Maria Antoinette.\\nTwo months of this all but insupportable\\nimprisonment passed away, when, early in\\nOctober, she was brought from her dungeon\\nbelow to the court room above for her trial.\\nHer accusation was that she abhorred the revo-\\nlution which had beheaded her husband, and\\nplunged her and her whole family into woes,\\nthe remembrance of which it would seem that\\neven eternity could hardly efface. The queen\\ncondescended to no defense. She appeared\\nbefore her accusers in the calm dignity of de-\\nspair, and yet with a spirit as unbroken and\\nqueenly as when she moved in the gilded\\nsalons of Versailles. The queen was called to\\nhear her sentence. It was death within twenty-\\nfour hours. Not the tremor of a muscle\\nshowed the slightest agitation as the mob,\\nwith clappings and shoutings, manifested their\\nhatred for their victim, and their exultation\\nat her doom. Insults and execrations followed\\nher to the staircase as she descended again to\\nher dungeon. It was 4 o clock in the morning.\\nA few rays of the dawning day struggled\\nthrough the bars of her prison window, and\\nshe seemed to smile with a faint expression of", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "232 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\npleasure at the thought that her last day of\\nearthly woe had dawned. She called for pen\\nand ink, and wrote a very affecting letter to\\nher sister and children. Having finished the\\nletter, she repeatedly and passionately kissed\\nit, as if it were the last link which bound her\\nto the loved ones from whom she was so soon\\nto be separated by death. She then, as if\\ndone with earth, kneeled down and prayed, and\\nwith a tranquillized spirit, threw herself upon\\nher bed, and fell into a profound slumber.\\nAn hour or two passed away, when the kind\\ndaughter of the jailer came, with weeping eyes\\nand a throbbing heart, into the cell to dress\\nthe queen for the guillotine. It was the 14th\\nof October, 1793. Maria Antoinette arose\\nwith alacrity, and, laying aside her prison-\\nworn garments of mourning, put on her only\\nremaining dress, a white robe, emblematic of\\nthe joy with which she bade adieu to earth.\\nA white handkerchief was spread over her\\nshoulders, and a white cap, bound to her head\\nby a black ribbon, covered her hair. It was a\\ncold and foggy morning, and the moaning\\nwind drove clouds of mist through the streets.\\nBut the day had hardly dawned before crowds\\nof people thronged the prison, and all Paris\\nseemed in motion to enjoy the spectacle of the\\nsufferings of their queen. At 11 o clock the\\nexecutioners entered her cell, bound her hands\\nbehind her, and led her out from the prison.", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "TRIAL AND EXECUTION. 233\\nThe queen had nerved her heart to die in the\\nspirit of defiance to her foes. She thought,\\nperhaps, too much of man, too little of God.\\nQueenly pride rather than Christian resigna-\\ntion inspired her soul. Expecting to be con-\\nducted to the scaffold, as the king had been,\\nin a close carriage, she, for a moment, recoiled\\nwith horror when she was led to the ignomin-\\nious car of the condemned, and was com-\\nmanded to enter it. This car was much like\\na common hay cart, entirely open, and guarded\\nby a rude but strong railing. The female\\nfuries who surrounded her shouted with laugh-\\nter, and cried out incessantly: Down with\\nthe Austrian Down with the Austrian\\nThe queen was alone in the cart. Her hands\\nwere tied behind her. She could not sit down.\\nShe could not support herself against the jolt-\\ning of the cart upon the rough pavement. The\\ncar started. The queen was thrown from her\\nequilibrium. She fell this way and that way.\\nHer bonnet was crowded over her eyes. Her\\ngray locks floated in the damp morning air.\\nHer coarse dress, disarranged, excited derision.\\nAs she was violently pitched to and fro, not-\\nwithstanding her desperate endeavors to retain\\nthe dignity of her appearance, the wretches\\nshouted: These are not your cushions of\\nTrianon. It was a long ride, through the\\ninfuriated mob, to the scaffold, which was\\nyeared directlj in front of the garden of the", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "234 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nTuileries. As the car arrived at the entrance\\nof the gardens of the palace where Maria had\\npassed through so many vicissitudes of joy\\nand woe, it stopped for a moment, apparently\\nthat the queen might experience a few more\\nemotions of torture as she contemplated the\\nabode of her past grandeur. Maria leaned\\nback upon the railing, utterly regardless of the\\nclamor around her, and fixed her eyes long\\nand steadfastly upon the theater of all her\\nformer happiness. The thought of her hus-\\nband, her children, her home, for a moment\\novercame her, and a few tears trickled down\\nher cheeks and fell upon the floor of the cart.\\nBut, instantly regaining her composure, she\\nlooked around again upon the multitude,\\nwaving like an ocean over the whole amphi-\\ntheater, with an air of majesty expressive of\\nher superiority over all earthly ills. A few\\nturns more of the wheels brought her to the\\nfoot of the guillotine. It was upon the same\\nspot where her husband had fallen. She\\ncalmly, firmly looked at the dreadful instru-\\nment of death, scrutinizing all its arrange-\\nments, and contemplating, almost with an air\\nof satisfaction, the sharp and glittering knife\\nwhich was so soon to terminate all her earthly\\nsufferings. Two of the executioners assisted\\nher by the elbows as she endeavored to descend\\nfrom the cart. She waited for no directions,\\nbut with a firm and yet not hurried tread,", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "TRIAL AND EXECUTION. 235\\nascended the steps of the scaffold. By acci-\\ndent, she trod upon the foot of one of the ex-\\necut-roners.\\nPardon me! she exclaimed with all\\nthe affability and grace with which she\\nwould have apologized to a courtier in the\\nmidst of the social festivities of the Little\\nTrianon. She kneeled down, raised her eyes\\nto heaven, and in a low but heart-rending\\nprayer, all forgetful of herself, implored God\\nto protect her sister and her helpless children.\\nShewasjeaf to ihe clamor of the infuriate-mob\\naroundjier. She was_ iPseD sible_tiO the dis-\\nhono r_of_her_aga-apjifiiarajic\u00c2\u00bb, with disheveled\\nlocks^linding her eyes, and with her faded\\ngarments crumpled and disarranged by the\\nrough jostling of the cart. She forgot the\\nscaffold on which she stood, the cords which\\nbound her hands, the bloodthirsty execution-\\ners by her side, the fatal knife gleaming above\\nher head. Her thoughts, true to the irrepres-\\nsible instincts of maternal love, wandered back\\nto the dungeons from whence she had emerged,\\nand lingered with anguish around the pallets\\nwhere her orphan, friendless, persecuted chil-\\ndren were entombed. Her last prayer was the\\nprayer of agony. She rose from her knees,\\nand, turning her eyes toward the tower of the\\ntemple, and speaking in tones which would\\nhave pierced any hearts but those which sur-\\nrounded her, exclaimed Adieu! adieu! onco\\n18\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "236 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nagain; my dear children. I go to rejoin your\\nfather.\\nShe was bound to the plank. Slowly it de-\\nscended till the neck of the queen was brought\\nunder the groove down which the fatal ax was\\nto glide. The executioner, hardened by deeds\\nof daily butchery, could not look upon this\\nspectacle of the misery of the Queen of France\\nunmoved. His hand trembled as he endeav-\\nored to disengage the ax, and there was a\\nmoment s delay. The ax fell. The dissevered\\nhead dropped into the basket placed to receive\\nit. The executioner seized it by the hair,\\ngushing with blood, raised it high above his\\nhead and walked around the elevated platform\\nof the guillotine, exhibiting the bloody trophy\\nto the assembled multitude. One long shout\\nof Yive la Eepublique! rent the air, and\\nthe long and dreadful tragedy of the life of\\nMaria Antoinette was closed.\\nThe remains of the queen were thrown into a\\npine coffin and hurried to an obscure burial.\\nUpon the records of the Church of La Made-\\nleine we now read the charge, ^^For the coffin\\nof the Widow Cajpetj seven francs,^", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "CHAPTEE XII.\\nTHE PRINCESS ELIZABETH, THE DAUPHIN, AND THE\\nPRINCESS ROYAL.\\nWhen Maria Antoinette was taken from the\\ntemple and consigned to the dungeons of the\\nConciergerie, there to await her trial for her\\nlife, the dauphin was imprisoned by himself,\\nthough but a child seven years of age, in a\\ngloomy cell, where he was entirely excluded\\nfrom any communication with his aunt and\\nsister. The two latter princesses remained in\\nthe room from which the queen had been taken.\\nThey were, however, in the most painful un-\\ncertainty respecting her fate. Their jailers\\nwere commanded to give them no information\\nwhatever respecting the external world. Their\\nprison was a living tomb, in which they were\\nallowed to breathe, and that was all. The\\nPrincess Elizabeth had surmised, from various\\nlittle incidents, what had been the fate of the\\nqueen; but she tried to cheer the young, and\\naffectionate, and still beautiful child with the\\nhope that her mother yet lived, and that they\\nmight meet again. Eight months of the most\\ndreary captivity rolled slowly away. It was\\n237", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "238 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwinter, and yet they were allowed no fire to\\ndispel the gloom and the chill of their cell.\\nThey were deprived of all books. They were\\nnot allowed the use of pens or paper. The\\nlong winter nights came. In their cell there\\nwas but a few hours during which the rays of\\nthe sun struggled faintly through the barred\\nwindows. Nighty long, dismal, impenetrable,\\nlike that of Egypt, enveloped them for fifteen\\nhours. They counted the strokes of the clocks\\nin the distant churches. They listened to the\\nhum of the vast and mighty metropolis like\\nthe roar of the surf upon the shore. Eeflec-\\ntions full of horror crowded upon them. The\\nking was beheaded. The queen was, they knew\\nnot where, either dead or in the endurance of\\nthe most fearful sufferings. The young dau-\\nphin was imprisoned by himself, and they\\nknew only that the gentle, affectionate, idol-\\nized child was exposed to every cruelty which\\nbarbarism could inflict upon him. What was\\nto be their own fate? Were they to linger out\\nthe remnant of their days in this wretched\\ncaptivity? Would their inhuman jailers envy\\nthem the consolation they found in each others\\narms, and separate them? Were they also to\\nperish upon the guillotine, where nearly all\\nwhom they had loved had already perished?\\nWere they ever to be released? If so, what\\njoy could there remain on earth for them after\\ntheir awful sufferings and bereavements", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "THE ROYAL PRINCESSES. 239\\nWoes, such as they had endured, were too deep\\never to be effaced from the mind. Nearly\\neight months thus lingered slowly along, in\\nwhich they saw only brutal and insulting jail-\\ners, ate the coarsest food, and were clothed in\\nthe unwashed and tattered garb of the prison.\\nTime seemed to have stopped its flight, and to\\nhave changed into a weary, woeful eternity.\\nOn the 9th of May, the Princess Elizabeth\\nand her niece, who had received the name of\\nMaria Theresa in memory of her grandmother,\\nwere retiring to bed. They were enveloped in\\nmidnight darkness. With their arms around\\neach other s necks, they were kneeling at the\\nfoot of the bed in prayer. Suddenly a great\\nnoise was heard at the door, accompanied with\\nrepeated and violent blows, almost heavy\\nenough to shiver the door from its hinges.\\nMadame Elizabeth hastened to withdraw a bolt,\\nwhich constituted an inner fastening, when\\nsome soldiers rushed in with their lanterns,\\nand said to Madame Elizabeth: You must\\nimmediately follow us.\\n**And my niece, replied the princess, ever\\nforgetful of herself in her thoughtfulness for\\nothers, can she go too?\\nWe want you only now! was the answer;\\nwe will take care of her by and by. The\\naunt foresaw that the hour for the long-dreaded\\nseparation had come. She threw her arms\\naround the neck of the trembling maiden, and", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "240 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwept in uncontrollable grief. The brutal sol-\\ndiers, unmoved by these tears, loaded them\\nboth with reproaches and insults, as belonging\\nto the detested race of kings, and imperiously\\ncommanded the Princess Elizabeth immediately\\nto depart. She endeavored to whisper a word\\nof hope into the ear of her despairing niece.\\nI shall probably soon return again, my\\ndear Maria.\\nNo, citoyenne, you won t, rudely inter-\\nrupted one of the jailers; *you will never as-\\ncend these stairs again. So take your bonnet\\nand come down. Bathing the face of the\\nyoung girl with her tears, invoking the bless-\\ning of heaven upon her, turning again and\\nagain to enfold her in a last embrace, she was\\nled out by the soldiers, and conducted down\\nthe dark and damp stairs to the gate. Here\\nthe soldiers rudely searched her person anew,\\nand then thrust her into a carriage. It was\\nmidnight. The carriage was driven violently\\nthrough the deserted streets to the Conciergerie.\\nThe tribunal was, even at that hour, in ses-\\nsion, for in those days of blood, when the slide\\nof the guillotine had no reposo from morning\\ntill night, the day did not contain hours enough\\nfor the work of condemnation. The princess\\nwas conducted immediately into the presence\\nof the Revolutionary Tribunal. A few ques-\\ntions were asked her, and then she was led\\ninto a hall, and left to catch such repose as she", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "THE ROYAL PRINCESSES. 241\\ncould upon the bench where Maria Antoinette\\nbut a few months before had awaited her con-\\ndemnation.\\nThe morning had hardly dawned when she\\nwas again conducted to the tribunal, in com-\\npany with twenty-four others, of every age\\nand of both sexes, whose crime was that they\\nwere nobles. Ladies were there, illustrious in\\nvirtue and rank, who had formerly graced the\\nbrilliant assemblies of the Tuileries and of\\nVersailles. Young men whose family names\\nhad been renowed for ages stood there to an-\\nswer for the crime of possessing a distin-\\nguished name. While looking upon this group\\nof nobles, gathered before that merciless tri-\\nbunal, where judgment was almost certain con-\\ndemnation, the public accuser, with cruel\\nirony, remarked: Of what can Madame Eliz-\\nabeth complain, when she sees herself at the\\nfoot of the guillotine, surrounded by her faith-\\nful nobility She can now fancy herself back\\nagain in the gay festivities of Versailles.\\nThe charges against Elizabeth were, that\\nshe was the sister of a tyrant, and that she\\nloved that royal family whom the nation had\\nadjudged not fit to live.\\nIf my brother had been the tyrant you de-\\nclare him to have been, the princess remarked,\\nyou would not be where you now are, nor I be-\\nfore you. But it is vain for the lamb to plead\\nwith the wolf. She was condemned to die. She", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "242 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nlistened to her sentence with the most perfect\\ncomposure, and almost with satisfaction. The\\nonly favor she asked was that she might see a\\npriest, and receive the consolations of religion,\\naccording to the faith she professed. Even this\\nrequest was denied her. The crime of loyalty\\nwas of too deep a dye to allow of any, the slight-\\nest mitigation of punishment. From the judg-\\nment hall she was led down into one of the\\ndungeons of the Conciergerie, where, with the\\nrest of her companions, she awaited the execu-\\ntion of their doom. It was, indeed, a melan-\\ncholy meeting. These illustrious captives had\\nformerly dwelt in the highest splendor which\\nearth allows. They had met in regal palaces,\\nsurrounded by all the pomp and grandeur of\\ncourts. Now, after months of the most cruel\\nimprisonment, after passing through scenes of\\nthe most protracted woe, having been deprived\\nof all their possessions, of all their ancestral\\nhonors having surrendered one after another\\nof those most dear to them to the guillotine,\\nthey were collected in a dark and foul dun-\\ngeon, cold and wet, hungry and exhausted, to\\nbe conveyed in a few hours in the cart of the\\ncondemned to the scaffold. The character of\\nElizabeth was such, her weanedness from the\\nworld, her mild and heavenly spirit, as to have\\nsecured almost the idolatrous veneration of\\nthose who knew her. The companions of her\\nmisfortunes now clustered around her, as the", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "THE ROYAL PRINCESSES. 243\\none to whom they must look for support and\\nstrength in this awful hour. The princess,\\nmore calm and peaceful even than when sur-\\nrounded by all the splendors of royalty, looked\\nforward joyfully to the guillotine as the couch\\nof sweet and lasting repose. Faith enabled\\nher to leave the children, now the only tie\\nwhich bound her to earth, in the hands of God;\\nand, conscious that she had done with all things\\nearthly, her thoughts were directed to those\\nmansions of rest which, she doubted not, were\\nin reserve for her. She bowed her head with\\na smile to the executioner as he cut off her\\nlong tresses in preparation for the knife. The\\nlocks fell at her feet, ana even the executioners\\ndivided them among them as memorials of her\\nloveliness and virtue.\\nHer hands were bound behind her, and she\\nwas placed in the cart with twenty-two com-\\npanions of noble birth, and she was doomed to\\nwait at the foot of the scaffold till all those\\nheads had fallen before her turn could come.\\nThe youth, the beauty, the innocence, the spot-\\nless life of the princess seemed to disarm the\\npopulace of their rage, and they gazed upon\\nher in silence and almost with admiration.\\nHer name had ever been connected with every-\\nthing that was pure and kind. And even a\\nfeeling of remorse seemed to pervade the con-\\ncourse surrounding the scaffold in view of the\\nsacrifice of so blameless a victim.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "244 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nOne by one, as the condemned ascended the\\nsteps of the guillotine to submit to the dread-\\nful execution, they approached Elizabeth and\\nencircled her in an affectionate embrace. At\\nlast every head had fallen beneath the ax but\\nthat of Elizabeth. The mutilated bodies were\\nbefore her. The gory heads of those she loved\\nwere in a pile by her side. It was a sight to\\nshock the stoutest nerves. But the princess,\\nsustained by that Christian faith which had\\nsupported her through her almost unparalleled\\nwoes, apparently without a tremor ascended\\nthe steps, looked calmly and benignantly\\naround upon the vast multitude, as if in her\\nheart she was imploring God s blessing upon\\nthem, and surrendered herself to the execu-\\ntioner. Probably not a purer spirit nor one\\nmore attuned for heaven existed in France than\\nthe one which then ascended from the scaffold,\\nwe trust, to the bosom of God. Maria Antoi-\\nnette died with the pride and the firmness of\\nthe invincible queen. Elizabeth yielded her-\\nself to the spirit of submissive piety, and fell\\nasleep upon the bosom of her Saviour. Our\\nthoughts would more willingly follow her to\\nthose mansions of rest, where faith instructs\\nus that she winged her flight, than turn again\\nto the prison where the orphan children lin-\\ngered in solitude and woe.\\nYoung Louis was left in one of the apart-\\nments of the temple, under the care of the", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "THE Royal princesses. 245\\nbrutal Simon, whose commission it was to get\\nquit of him. To send a child of seven years\\nof age to the guillotine because his father was\\na king, was a step which the Eevolutionary\\nTribunal then was hardly willing to take, out\\nof regard to the opinions of the world. It\\nwould be hardly consistent with the character\\nof the great nation to poison the child and\\nyet, while he lived there was a rallying point\\naround which the sympathies of royalty could\\ncongregate. Louis must die Simon must\\nnot kill him he must not poison him he\\nmust get quit of him. The public safety de-\\nmands it. Patriotism demands it. In the\\naccomplishment of this undertaking, the young\\nprince was shut up alone entirely alone like\\na caged beast, in one of the upper rooms of a\\ntower of the temple. There he was left, day\\nand night, week after week, and month after\\nmonth, with no comijanion, with no employ-\\nment, with no food for thought, with no op-\\nportunity for exercise or to breathe the fresh\\nair. A flagon of water, seldom replenished,\\nwas placed at his bedside. The door was oc-\\ncasionally half-opened, and some coarse food\\nthrown in to the poor child. He never washed\\nhimself. For more than a year, his clothes,\\nhis shirt, and his shoes had never been changed.\\nFor six months his bed was not made, and the\\nunhappy child, consigned to this living burial\\nremained silent and immovable upon the im-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "246 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\npure pallet, breathing his own infection. By\\nlong inactivity his limbs becaroe rigid. His\\nmind, by the dead inaction which succeeded\\nterror, lost its energy and became, not only\\nbrutalized, but depraved. The noble child of\\nwarm affections, polished manners, and active\\nintellect, was thus degraded far below the or-\\ndinary condition of the brute.\\nThus eighteen months rolled away, and the\\npoor boy became insane through mental ex-\\nhaustion and debility. But even then he re-\\ntained a lively sense of gratitude for every\\nword or act of kindness. At one time, the in-\\nhuman wretch who was endeavoring by slow\\ntorture to conduct this child to the grave,\\nseized him by the hair, and threatened to dash\\nout his brains against the wall. A surgeon,\\nM. Naulin, who chanced to be near by, inter-\\nfered in behalf of the unhappy victim, and\\nrescued him from the rage of the tyrant. Two\\npears that evening were given to the half-\\nfamished child for his supper. He hid them\\nunder his pillow, and went supperless to sleep.\\nThe next day he presented the two pears to his\\nbenefactor, very politely expressing his regret\\nthat he had no other means of manifesting his\\ngratitude.\\nTorrents of blood were daily flowing from\\nthe guillotine. Illustrious wealth, or rank\\nor virtue, condemned the possessor to the\\nscaffold. Terror held its reign in every bosom.", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "THE ROYAL PRINCESSES 247\\nNo one was safe. The public became weary\\nof these scenes of horror. A reaction com-\\nmenced. Many of the firmest Kepublicans,\\noverawed by the tyranny of the mob. began\\nsecretly to long for the repose which kingly\\npower had given the nation. Sympathy was\\nexcited for the woes of the imprisoned prince.\\nIt is difficult to record, without pleasure, that\\none of the first acts of this returning sense of\\nhumanity consisted in leading the barbarous\\nSimon to the guillotine. History does not\\ninform us whether he shuddered in view of his\\ncrimes under the ax. But his crimes were\\nalmost too great for humanity to forgive.\\nLouis was placed under the care of more\\nmerciful keepers. His wasted frame and de-\\nlirious mind, generous and affectionate even in\\nits delirium, moved their sympathy and their\\ntears. They washed and dressed their little\\nprisoner; spoke to him in tones of kindness\\nsoothed and comforted him. Louis gazed\\nupon them with a vacant air, hadly knowing,\\nafter more than two years of hatred, execra-\\ntion, and abuse, what to make of expressions\\nof gentleness and mercy. But it was too late.\\nSimon had faithfully executed his task. The\\nconstitution of the young prince was hopelessly\\nundermined. He was seized with a fever.\\nThe convention, ashamed of the past, sent the\\ncelebrated physician Dessault to visit him.\\nThe patient, inured to suffering, with blighted", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "248 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nhopes and a crushed heart, lingered in silence\\nand patience for a few days upon his bed, and\\ndied on the 9th of June, 1795, in the tenth\\nyear of his age.\\nThe change which had commenced in the\\npublic mind, preparing the way for Napoleon\\nto quell these revolutionary horrors, was so\\ngreat, that a very general feeling of sympathy\\nwas awakened by the death of the young\\nprince, and a feeling of remorse pervaded the\\nconscience of the nation. History contains\\nfew stories more sorrowful than the death of\\nthis child. To the limited vision of mortals,\\nit is indeed inexplicable why he should have\\nbeen left by that God, who rules in infinite\\nwisdom and love, to so dreadful a fate. Eor\\nthe solution of this and all other inexplicable\\nmysteries of the divine government, we must\\nlook forward to our immortality.\\nBut we must return to Maria Theresa. We\\nleft her at midnight, delirious with grief and\\nterror, upon the pallet of her cell, her aunt\\nhaving just been torn from her embrace. Even\\nthe ravages of captivity had not destroyed the\\nexceeding beauty of the princess, now sixteen\\nyears of age. The slow hours of that night of\\nanguish lingered away, and the morning,\\ncheerless and companionless, dawned through\\nthe grated window of her prison upon her woe.\\nThus days and nights went and came. She\\nknew not what had been the fate of her mother.", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "OQ\\nO\\nO\\no", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "THE ROYAL PRINCESSES. 249\\nShe knew not what doom awaited her aunt. She\\ncould have no intercourse with her brother,\\nwho she only knew was suffering every con-\\nceivable outrage in another part of the prison.\\nHer food was brought to her by those who\\nloved to show their brutal power over the\\ndaughter of a long line of kings. Weeks and\\nmonths thus rolled on without any alleviation\\nwithout the slightest gleam of joy or hope\\npenetrating the midnight gloom of her cell.\\nIt is impossible for the imagination to paint\\nthe anguish endured by this beautiful, intel-\\nlectual, affectionate, and highly-accomplished\\nprincess during these weary months of solitude\\nand captivity. Every indulgence was withheld\\nfrom her, and conscious existence became the\\nmost weighty woe. Thus a year and a half\\nlingered slowly away, while the reign of terror\\nwas holding its high carnival in the streets of\\nblood-deluged Paris, and every friend of royal-\\nty, of whatever sex or age, all over the empire,\\nwas hunted down without mercy.\\nWhen the reaction awakened by these hor-\\nrors commenced in the public mind, the rigor\\nof her captivity was somewhat abated. The\\ndeath of her brother roused in her behalf, as\\nthe only remaining child of the wrecked and\\nruined family, such a feeling of sympathy,\\nthat the Assembly consented to regard her as a\\nprisoner of war, and to exchange her with the\\nAustrian government for four French officers\\n19\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Antoinette", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "250 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nwhom they held as prisoners. Maria Theresa\\nwas led, pale, pensive, heart-broken, hopeless,\\nfrom her cell, and placed in the hands of the\\nrelatives of her mother. But her griefs had\\nbeen so deep, her bereavements so ntter and\\nheart-rending, that this change seemed to her\\nonly a mitigation of misery, and not an acces-\\nsion of joy. She was informed of the death\\nof her mother and her aunt, and, weeping over\\nher desolation, she emerged from her prison\\ncell and entered the carriage to return to the\\npalaces of Austria, where her unhappy mother\\nhad passed the hours of her childhood. As she\\nrode along through the green fields and looked\\nout upon the blue sky, through which the\\nsummer s sun was shedding its beams as she\\nfelt the pure air, from which she had so long\\nbeen excluded, fanning her cheeks, and realized\\nthat she was safe from insults and once more\\nfree, anguish gave place to a calm and settled\\nmelancholy. She arrived in Vienna. Love\\nand admiration encircled her. Every heart\\nvied in endeavors to lavish soothing words and\\ndelicate attentions upon this stricken child of\\ngrief. She buried her face in the bosoms of\\nthose thus soliciting her love, her eyes were\\nflooded with tears, and she sobbed with almost\\na bursting heart. After her arrival in Vienna,\\none full year passed away before a smile could\\never be won to visit her cheek. Woes such as\\nshe had endured pass not away like the mists", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "THE ROYAL PRINCESSES. 251\\nof the morDing. The hideous dream haunted\\nher by day and by night. The headless\\ntrunks of her father, her mother, and her aunt\\nwere ever before her eyes. Her beloved\\nbrother, suffering and dying upon a beggar s\\nbed, was ever present in her dreams while re-\\nposing under the imperial canopy of the Aus-\\ntrian kings. The past had been so long and\\nso awful that it seemed an ever-living reality.\\nThe sudden change she could hardly credit but\\nas the delirium of a dream.\\nTime, however, will diminish the poignancy\\nof every sorrow save those of remorse. Maria\\nwas now again in a regal palace, surrounded\\nwith every luxury which earth could confer.\\nShe was young and beautiful. She was be-\\nloved, and almost adored. Every monarch,\\nevery prince, every ambassador from a foreign\\ncourt, delighted to pay her especial honor.\\nNo heart throbbed near her but with the desire\\nto render her some compensation for the\\nwrongs and the woes which had fallen upon\\nher youthful and guileless heart. Wherever\\nshe appeared, she was greeted with love and\\nhomage. Those who had never seen her would\\nwillingly peril their lives in any way to serve\\nher. Thus was she raised to consideration,\\nand enshrined in the affections of every soul\\nretaining one spark of noble feeling. The\\npast receded further and further from her view,\\nthe present arose more and more vividly before", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "252 MARIA ANTOINETTE.\\nthe eye. Joy gradually returned to that bosom\\nfrom which it had so long been a stranger.\\nThe flowers bloomed beautifully before her\\neyes, the birds sung melodiously in her ears.\\nThe fair face of creation, with mountain, vale,\\nand river, beguiled her thoughts, and intro-\\nduced images of peace and beauty to dispel the\\nhideous phantoms of dungeons and misery.\\nThe morning drive around the beautiful\\nmetropolis the evening serenade the moon-\\nlight sail; and, above all, the voice of love,\\nreanimated her heart, and roused her affections\\nfrom the tomb in which they so long had\\nslumbered. The smile of youth, though still\\npensive and melancholy, began to illumine her\\nsaddened features. Hope of future joy rose\\nto cheer her. The Due d Angouleme, son of\\nCharles X., sought her as his bride, and she\\nwas led in tranquil happiness to the altar,\\nfeeling as few can feel the luxury of being\\ntenderly beloved.\\nUpon the fall of Napoleon she returned to\\nFrance with the Bourbon family, and again\\nmoved, with smiles of sadness, among the\\nbrilliant throng crowding the palaces of her\\nancestors. The Kevolution of 1830, which\\ndrove the Bourbons again from the throne of\\nFrance, drove Maria Theresa, now Duchesse\\nd Angouleme, again into exile. She resided\\nfor a time with her husband in the Castle of\\nHolyrood, in Scotland, under the name of the", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "THE ROYAL PRINCESSES. 253\\nCount and Countess of Main but the climate\\nbeing too severe for her constitution, she left\\nthat region for Vienna. There she was re-\\nceived with every possible demonstration of\\nrespect and affection.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "ALTEIvIUS\\nYoung People s Library.\\nPrice, 50 Cents Each.\\nROBINSON CRUSOE His Life and Strange Surprising\\nAdventures. With 70 beautiful illustrations by Walter\\nPaget. Arranged for young readers.\\nThere exists no work, either of instruction or entertainment,\\nwhich has been more generally read, and universally admired.\\nJ Falter Scott.\\nALICE S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND. With 42\\nillustrations by John Tenniel.\\nThis is Carroll s immortal story. Athencvuvi.\\nThe most delightful of children s stories. Elegant and deli-\\ncious nonsense. Saturday Review.\\nTHROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS AND WHAT\\nALICE FOUND THERE. (A companion to Alice in\\nWonderland.) With 50 illustrations by John Tenniel.\\nNot a whit inferior to its predecessor in grand extravagance of\\nimagination, and delicious allegorical nonsense. Quarter Iv\\nReviezo.\\nBUNYAN S PILGRIM S PROGRESS. With 50 full-page\\nand text illustrations.\\nPilgrim s Progress is the most popular story book in the\\nworld. With the exception of the Bible it has been translated into\\nmore languages than any other book ever printed.\\nA CHILD S STORY OF THE BIBLE. With 72 full-page\\nillustrations.\\nTells in simple language and in a form fitted for the hands of\\nthe younger members of the Christian flock, the tale of God s\\ndealings with his Chostn People under the Old Dispensation,\\nwith its foreshadowings of the coming of that Messiali who was\\nto make all mankind one fold under one Shepherd.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "ALTEMUS* YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\nA CHILD S LIFE OF CHRIST. With 49 illustrations.\\nGod has implanted in the infant s heart a desire tohear of Jesus,\\nand children are early attracted and sweetly riveted by the won-\\nderful Story of the Master from the Manger to the Throne.\\nIn this little book we have brought together from Scripture every\\nincident, expression and description within the verge of their com-\\nprehension, in the effort to weave them into a memorial garland of\\ntheir Saviour.\\nTHE FABLES OF JESOV. Compiled from the best ac-\\ncepted sources. With 62 illustrations.\\nThe fables of yEsop are among the very earliest compositions of\\nthis kind, and probably have never been surpassed for point and\\nbrevity, as well as for the practical good sense they display. In\\ntheir grotesque grace, in their quaint humor, in their trust in the\\nsimpler virtues, in their insight into the cruder vices, in their inno-\\ncence of the fact of sex, ^sop s Fables are as little children and\\nfor that reason will ever find a home in the heaven of little chil-\\ndren s souls.\\nTHE SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON, or the Adventures of\\na Shipwrecked Family on an Uninhabited Island. With\\n50 illustrations.\\nA remarkable tale of adventure that will interest the boys and\\ngirls. The father of the family tells the tale and the vicissitudes\\nthrough which he and his wife and children pass, the wonderful\\ndiscoveries they make, and the dangers they encounter. It is a\\nstandard work of adventure that has the favor of all who have\\nread it.\\nCHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE DISCOVERY\\nOF AMERICA. With 70 illustrations.\\nIt is the duty of every American lad to know the story of Chris-\\ntopher Columbus. In this book is depicted the story of his life\\nand struggles of his persistent solicitations at the courts of Eu-\\nrope, and his contemptuous receptions by the learned Geographical\\nCouncils, until his final employment by Queen Isabella. Records\\nthe day-by-day journeyings while he was pursuing his aim and his\\nperilous way over the shoreless ocean, until he gave to Spain a\\nNew World. Shows his progress through Spain on the occasion\\nof his first return, when he was received with rapturous demon-\\nstrations and more than regal homage. His displacement by the", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "ALTEMUS* YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\nOdjeas, Ovandos and Bobadilas his last return in chains, and the\\nstory of his death in poverty and neglect.\\nTHE STORY OF EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY\\nIN AFRICA. With 80 illustrations.\\nRecords the adventures, privations, sufferings, trials, dangers\\nand discoveries in developing the Dark Continent, from the\\nearly days of Bruce and Mungo Park down to Livingstone and\\nStanley and the heroes of our own times.\\nThe reader becomes carried away by conflicting emotions of\\nwonder and sympathy, and feels compelled to pursue the st ry,\\nwhich he cannot lay down. No present can be more acceptable\\nthan such a volume as this, where courage, intrepidity, resource\\nand devotion are so pleasantly mingled. It is very fully illustra-\\nte I with pictures worthy of the book.\\nGULLIVER S TRAVELS INTO SOME REMOTE RE-\\nGIONS OF THE WORLD. With 50 illustrations.\\nIn description, even of the most common-place things, bis power\\nis often perfectly marvellous Macau ay says of Swift: Under\\na plain garb and ungainly depjttmtnt were concealed some of the\\nchoicest gifts that ever have been bestowed on any of the children\\nof men rare powers of observation, brilliant art, grotesque inven-\\ntion, humor of the mo^t austere flavor, yet exquisitely delicious,\\neloquence singularly pure, manly and perspicuous.\\nMOTHER GOOSE S RHYMES, JINGLES AND FAIRY\\nTALES. With 300 illustrations.\\nIn this edition an excellent choice has been made from the\\nstandard ficti )n of the little ones. The abundant pictures are well-\\ndrawn and graceful, the effect frequently striking and always deco-\\nrative. Critic.\\nOnly to see the book is to wish to give it to every child one\\nknows. Queen.\\nLIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED\\nSTATES. Compiled frotn authoritative sources. With\\nportraits of the Presidents and also of the unsuccessful\\ncandidates for the office; as well as the ablest of the\\nCabinet officers.\\nThis book should be in every home and school library. It tells,\\nin an impartial way, the story of the political history of the United\\nStates, from the first Consiitutional convention to the last Presi-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "ALTEMUS YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\ndential nominations, it is just the book for intelligent boys, and it\\nwill help to make them intelligent and patriotic citizens.\\nTHE STORY OF ADVENTURE IN THE FROZEN\\nSEA. With 70 illustrations. Compiled from authorized\\nsources.\\nWe here have brought together the records of the attempts to\\nreach the North Pole. Our object being to recall the stories of the\\nearly voyagers, and to narrate the recent efforts of gallant adven-\\nturers of various nationalities to cross the unknown and inacces-\\nible threshold and to show how much can be accomplished by\\nindomitable pluck and steady perseverance. Portraits and numer-\\nous illustrations help the narration.\\nILLUSTRATED NATURAL HISTORY. By the Rev.\\nJ. G. Wood. With 80 illustrations.\\nWood s Natural History needs no commendation. Its author\\nhas done more than any other writer to popularize the study. His\\nwork is known and admired overall the civilized world. The sales\\nof his worl\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00bb; in England and America have been enormous. The\\nillustrations in this edition are entirely new, striking and life-like.\\nA CHILD S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. By Charles\\nDickens. With 50 illustrations.\\nDickens grew tired of listening to his children memorizing the\\nold fashioned twaddle that went under the name of English his-\\ntory. He thereupon wrote a book, in his own peculiarly happy\\nstyle, primarily for the educational advantage of his own children,\\nbut was prevailed upon to publish the work, and make its use gen-\\neral. Its success was instantaneous and abiding.\\nBLACK BEAUTY; The Autobiography of a Horse. By\\nAnna Sewell. With 50 illustrations.\\nThis NEW ILLUSTRATED EDITION is sure to Command attention.\\nWherever children are, whether boys or girls, there this Autobiog-\\nraphy should be. It inculcates habits of kindness to all members\\nof the animal creation. The literary merit of the book is excellent.\\nTHE ARABIAN NIGHTS ENTERTAINMENTS. With\\n50 illustrations. Contains the most favorably known of\\nthe stories.\\nThe text is somewhat abridged and edited for the young. It\\nforms an excellent introduction to those immortal tales which have\\nhelped so long to keep the weary world young.", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "ALTEMUS* YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\nANDERSEN S FAIRY TALES. By Hans Christian An-\\ndersen. With 77 illustrations.\\nThe spirit of high moral teaching, and the delicacy of sentiment,\\nfeeling and expression that pervade these tales make these won-\\nderful creations not only attractive to the young, but equally accept-\\nable to those of mature years, who are able to understand their\\nreal significance and appreciate the depth of their meaning.\\nGRIMM S FAIRY TALES. With 50 illustrations.\\nThese tales of the Brothers Grimm have carried their names into\\nevery household of the civilized world.\\nThe Tales are a wonderful collection, as interesting, from a lit-\\nerary pouit of view, as they are delightful as stories.\\nGRANDFATHER S CHAIR; A History for Youth. By\\nNathaniel Hawthorne. With 60 illustrations.\\nThe story of America from the landing of the Puritans to the\\nacknozvledgment tmthoiit reserve of the Independence of the\\nUnited States, told with all the elegance, simplicity, grace, clear-\\nness and force for which Hawthorne is conspicuously noted.\\nFLOWER FABLES. By Louisa May Alcott. With colored\\nand plain illustrations.\\nA series of very interesting fairy tales by the most charming of\\nAmerican story-tellers.\\nAUNT MARTHA S CORNER CUPBOARD. By Mary\\nand Elizabeth Kirby. With 60 illustrations.\\nStories about Tea, Coffee, Sugar, Rice and Chinaware, and\\nother accessories of the well-kept Cupboard. A book full of in-\\nterest for all the girls and many of the boys.\\nWATER-BABIES; A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby. By\\nCharles Kingsley. With 94 illustrations.\\nCome read me my riddle, each good little man\\nIf you cannot read it, no grown-up folk can.\\nBATTLES OF THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE. By\\nPrescott Holmes. With 70 illustrations.\\nA graphic and full history of the Rebellion of the American Col-\\nonies from the yoke and oppression of England, with the causes", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "ALTEMUS YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\nthat led thereto, and including an account of the second war with\\nGreat Britain, and the War with Mexico.\\nBATTLES OF THE WAR FOR THE UNION. By\\nPrescott Holmes. With 80 illustrations.\\nA correct and impartial account of the greatest civil war in th\\nannals of history. Both of these histories of American wars r\\na necessary part of the education of all intelligent American bo\\\\\\nand girls.\\nYOUNG PEOPLE S HISTORY OF THE WAR WITH\\nSPAIN. By Prescott Holmes. With 89 illustrations.\\nThis history of our war with Spain, in 1898, presents in a plain,\\neasy style the splendid achievements of our army and navy, and\\nthe prominent figures that came into the public view during thut\\nperiod. Its glowing descriptions, wealth of anecdote, accuracy f\\nstatement and profusion of illustration make it a most desirable\\ngift book for young readers.\\nHEROES OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY. By\\nHartwell James. With 65 illustrations.\\nThe story of our navy is one of the most brilliant pages in the\\nw rld s history. The sketches and exploits contained in this vol-\\nume cover our entire naval history from the days of the hone t,\\nrough sailors of Revolutionary times, with their cutlasses and\\nboarding pikes, to the brief war of 1898, when our superbly aji-\\npointed warships destroyed Spain s proud cruisers by the merci\\nIf ss accuracy of their fire.\\nMILITARY HEROES OF THE UNITED STATES.\\nBy Hartwell James. With 97 illustrations.\\nIn this volume the brave lives and heroic deeds of our military\\nheroes, from Paul Revere to I.awton, are told in the most captiva-\\nting manner. The material for the work has been gathered from\\nthe North and the Souih alike. The volume presents all the im-\\nportant f .cts in a manner enabling the young people of our united\\nand prosperous land to easily become familiar with the command-\\ning figures that have arisen in our military history.\\nUNCLE TOM S CABIN; or Life Among the Lowly. By\\nMrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe. With 90 illustrations.", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "ALTEMUS YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\nThe unfailing interest in the famous old stjry suggested the need\\nof an edition specially prepared for young readers, and elaborately\\nillustrated. This edition completely fills that want.\\nSEA KINGS AND NAVAL HEROES. By Hartwell\\nJames. With 50 illustrations.\\nThe mo^t famous sea battles of the world, with sketches of the\\nlives, enterprises and achievements of men who have become fam-\\nous in naval history. They are stories of brave lives in times of\\ntrial and danger, charmingly told for young people.\\nPOOR BOYS CHANCES. By John Habberton. With\\n50 illustrations.\\nThere is a fascination about the. writings of the author of\\nHelen s Babies, from which none can escape. In this charm-\\ning volume, Mr. Habberton tells the boys of America how they\\ncan attain the highest positions in the land, without the struggles\\nand privations endured by poor boys who rose to eminence and\\nfame in former limes.\\nROMULUS, the Founder of Rome. By Jacob Abbott.\\nWith 49 illustrations.\\nIn a plain and connected narrative, the author tells the stories\\nof the founder of Rome and his great ancestor, /Eneas. These\\nare of necessity somewhat legendary in character, but are pre-\\nsented precisely- as they have come down to us from ancient times.\\nThey are prefaced by an account of the life and inventions of Cad-\\nmus, the Father of the Alphabet, as he is often called.\\nCYRUS THE GREAT, the Founder of the Persian Empire.\\nBy Jacob Abbott. With 40 illustrations.\\nFor nineteen hundred years, the story of the founder of the an-\\ncient Persian empire has been read by every generation of man-\\nkind. The story of the life and actions of Cyrus, as told by the\\nauthor, presents vivid pictures of the magnificence of a monarchy\\nthat rose about five hundred years before the Christian era, and\\nrolled on in undistarbj.l magnitude and glory for many centuries.\\nADVENTURES IN TOYLAND. By Edith King Hull.\\nWith 70 illustrations by Alice B. Woodward.\\nThe sayings and doings of the dwellers in toyland, related by\\none of them to a dear little girl. It is a delightful book for chil-\\ndren, and admirably illustrated.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "8 ALTEMUS YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\nDARIUS THE GREAT, King of the Medes and Persians.\\nBy Jacob Abbott. With 34 illustrations.\\nNo great exploits marked the career of this monarch, who was\\nat one time the absolute sovereign of nearly one-half of the world.\\nHe reached his high position by a stratagem, and left behind him\\nno strong impressions of personal character, yet, the history of his\\nlife and reign should be read along with those of Cyrus, Caesar,\\nHannibal and Alexander.\\nXERXES THE GREAT, King of Persia. By Jacob Ab-\\nbott. With 39 illustrations.\\nFor ages the name of Xerxes has been associated in the minds\\nof men with the idea of the highest attainable human magnificence\\nand grandeur. He was the sovereign of the ancient Persian em-\\npire at the height of its prosperity and power. The invasion of\\nGreece by the Persian hordes, the battle of Thermopylae, the burn-\\ning of Athens, and the defeat of the Persian galleys at Salamis are\\nchapters of thrilling interest.\\nTHE ADVENTURES OF A BROWNIE. By Miss\\nMulock, author of John Halifax, Gentleman, etc. With\\n18 illustrations.\\nOne of the best of Miss Murlock s charming stories for children.\\nAll the situations are amusing and are sure to please youthful\\nreaders.\\nALEXANDER THE GREAT, King of Macedon. By\\nJacob Abbott. With 51 illustrations.\\nBorn heir to the throne of Macedon, a country on the confines\\nof Europe and Asia, Alexander crowded into a brief career of\\ntwelve years a brilliant series of exploits. The readers of to-day\\nwill find pleasure and profit in the history of Alexander the Great,\\na potentate before whom ambassadors and princes from nearly all\\nthe nations of the earth bowed in humility.\\nPYRRHUS, King of Epirus. By Jacob Abbott. With 45\\nillustrations.\\nThe story of Pyrrhus is one of the ancient narratives which has\\nbeen told and retold for many centuries in the literature, eloquence\\nand poetry of all civilized nations. While possessed of extraordi-\\nnary ability as a military leader, Pyrrhus actually accomplished\\nnothing, but did mischief on a gigantic scale. He was naturally", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "ALTEMUS YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\nof a noble and generous spirit, but only succeded in perpetrating\\ncrimes against the peace and welfare of mankind.\\nHANNIBAL, the Carthaginian. By Jacob Abbott. With\\n37 illustrations.\\nHannibal s distinction as a warrior was gained during the des-\\nperate contests between Rome and Carthage, known as the Punic\\nwars. Entering the scene when his country was engaged in peace-\\nful traffic with the various countries of the known world, he turned\\nits energies into military aggression, conquest and war, becoming\\nhimself one of the greatest military heroes the world has ever\\nknown.\\nMIXED PICKLES. By Mrs. E. M. Field. With 31 illus-\\ntrations by T. Pym.\\nA remarkably entertaining story for young people. The reader\\nis introduced to a charming little girl whose mishaps while trying\\nto do good are very appropriately termed Mixed Pickles.\\nJULIUS C^SAR, the Roman Conqueror. By Jacob Ab-\\nbott. With 44 illustrations.\\nThe life and actions of Julius C^sar embrace a period in Roman\\nhistory beginning with the civil wars of Marius and Sylla and end-\\ning with the tragic death of Caesar Imperator. The work is an\\naccurate historical account of the life and times of one of the great\\nmilitary figures in history, in fact, it is history itself, and as such is\\nespecially comm.ended to the readers of the present generation.\\nALFRED THE GREAT, of England. By Jacob Abbott.\\nWith 40 illustrations.\\nIn a certain sense, Alfred appears in history as the founder of\\nthe British monarchy his predecessors having governed more like\\nsavage chieftains than English kings. The work has a special\\nvalue for young readers, for the character of Alfred was that of an\\nhonest, conscientious and far-seeing statesman. The romantic\\nstory of Godwin furnishes the concluding chapter of the volume.\\nWILLIAM THE CONQUEROR, of England. By Jacob\\nAbbott. With 43 illustrations.\\nThe life and times of William of Normandy have always been a\\nfruitful theme for the historian. War and pillage and conquest\\nwere at least a part of the everyday business of men in both Eng-", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "lO ALTEMUS YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\nland and France and the story of William as told by the author\\nof this volume makes some of the most fascinating pages in his-\\ntory. It is especially delightful to young reader?.\\nHERNANDO CORTEZ, the Conqueror of Mexico. By\\nJacob Abbott. With 30 illustrations.\\nIn this volume the author gives vivid pictures of the wild and\\nadventurous career of Cortez and his companions in the conquest\\nof Mexico. Many good motives were united with those of ques-\\ntionable character, in the prosecution of his enterprise, but in\\nthose days it was a matter of national ambition to enlarge the\\nboundaries of nations and to extend their commerce at any cost.\\nThe career of Cortez is one of absorbing interest.\\nTHE LITTLE LAME PRINCE. B)^ Miss Mulock. With\\n24 illustrations.\\nThe author styles it x\\\\ Parable for Old and Young. It is in her\\nhappiest vein and delightfully interesting, especially to youthful\\nreaders.\\nMARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS. By Jacob Abbott. With\\n45 illustrations.\\nThe story of Mary Stuart holds a prominent place in the present\\nseries of historical narrations. It has had many tellings, for the\\nmelancholy story of the unfortunate queen has always held a high\\nplaci in the estimation of successive generations of readers. Her\\nstory is full of romance and pathos, and the reader is carried along\\nby conflicting emotions of wonder and sympathy.\\nQUEEN ELIZABETH, of England. By Jacob Abbott.\\nWith 49 illustrations.\\nIn strong contrast to the story of Mary, Queen of Scots, is that\\nof Elizabeth, Queen of England. They were cousins, yet im-\\nplacaMe foes. Elizabeth s reign was in many ways a glorious ore,\\nand her successes gained her the applause of the world. Tlic\\nstirring tales of Drake, Hawkins and other famous mariners of\\nher iime have been incorporated into the story of Elizabeth s life\\nand reign.\\nKING CHARLES THE FIRST, of England. By Jacob\\nAbbott. With 41 illustrations.\\nThe well-known figures in the stormy reign of Charles I. are\\nbrought forward in this narrative of his life and times. It is his-\\ntory lold in the most fascinating manner, and embraces the early", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "ALTEMUS YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY. II\\nlife of Charles the court of James I.; struggles between Charles\\nand the Parliament the Civil war the trial and execution of the\\nking. The narrative is impartial and holds the attention of the\\nreader.\\nKING CHARLES THE SECOND, of England. By Jacob\\nAbbott. With ^S illustrations.\\nBeginning with his infancy, the life of the Merry Monarch\\nis related in the author s inimitable style. His reign was signal-\\nized by many disastrous events, besides those that related to his\\npersonal troubles and embarrassments. There were unfortunate\\nwars naval defeats dangerous and disgraceful plots and con-\\nspiracies. Trobule sat very lightly on the shoulders of Charles II.,\\nhowever, and the cares of state were easily forgotten in the society\\nof his court and dogs.\\nTHE SLEEPY KING. By Aubrey Hopwood and Seymour\\nHicks. With 77 illustrations by Maud Trelawney.\\nA charmingly- told Fairy Tale, full of delight and entertain-\\nment. The illustrations are original and striking, adding greatly\\nto the interest of the text.\\nMARIA ANTOINETTE, Queen of France. By John S. G.\\nAbbott. With 42 illustrations.\\nThe tragedy of Maria Antoinette is one of the most mournful in\\nthe history of the worid. Her beauty dazzled the whole king-\\ndom, says Laraartine. Her lofty and unbendin j; spirit under\\nunspeakable indignities and atrocities, enlists and holds the sympa-\\nthies of the readers of to-day, as it has done in the past.\\nMADAME ROLAND, A Heroine of the French Revolution.\\nBy Jacob Abbott. With 42 illustrations.\\nThe French Revolution developed few, if any characters more\\nworthy of notice than that of Madame Roland. The absence of\\nplaymates, in her youth, inspired her with an insatiate thirst for\\nknowledge, and books became her constant companions in every\\nunoccupied hour. She fell a martyr to the tyrants of the French\\nRevolution, but left behind her a career full of instruction that\\nnever fails to impress itself upon the reader.\\nJOSEPHINE, Empress of France. By Jacob Abbott. With\\n40 illustrations.", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "12 ALTEMUS YOUNG PEOPLE S LIBRARY.\\n_\\nMaria Antoinette beheld the dawn of the French Revoluiion\\nMadame Roland perished under the lurid glare of its high noon\\nJosephine saw it fade into darkness. She has been called the\\nStar of Napoleon and it is certain that she added luster 4:o\\nhis brilliance, and that her persuasive influence was often exerted\\nto win a friend or disarm an adversary. The lives of the Empress\\nJosephine, of Maria Antoinette, and of Madame Roland are\\nespecially commended to young lady readers.\\nTALES FROM SHAKESPEARE. By Charles and Mary\\nLamb. With 80 illustrations.\\nThe text is somewhat abridged and edited for yoimg people, but\\na clear and definite outline of each play is presented. Such episodes\\nor incidental sketches of character as are not absolutely necessaiy\\nto the development of the tales areomitted, while the many moral\\nlessons that lie in Shakespeare s plays and make them valuable in\\nthe training of the young are retained. The book is winning, help-\\nful and an effectual guide to the inner shrine of the great\\ndramatist.\\nMAKERS OF AMERICA. By Hart well James. With 75\\nillustrations.\\nThis volume contains attractive and suggestive ^ketches of the\\nlives and deeds of men who illustrated some special phase in the\\npolitical, religious or social life of our country, from its settlement\\nto the close of the eighteenth century. It affords an opportunity\\nfor young readers to become easily familiar with these characters\\nand their historical relations to the building of our Republic. An\\naccount of the discovery of America prefaces the work.\\nA WONDER BOOK FOR BOYS AND GIRLS. By\\nNathaniel Hawthorne. With 50 illustrations.\\nIn this volume the genius of Hawthorne has shaped anew\\nwonder tales that have been hallowed by an antiquity of two or\\nthree thousand years. Seeming never to have been made they\\nare legitimate subjects for every age to clothe with its own fancy\\nas to manners and sentiment, and its own views of morality. The\\nvolume has a charm for old and young alike, for the author has\\nnot thought it necessary to write downward in order to meet\\nthe comprehension of children.\\nf", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1920", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2914", "width": "1920", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "9?, X 9d, o. K-^ -O,\\nt\\n^^S\\nV ^\\\\\\\\o.^\\ns\\nlI\\nQ^\\n9./-0", "height": "2898", "width": "2148", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "X\\n6^\\nr. r f5 5i", "height": "2957", "width": "2132", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3240", "width": "2354", "jp2-path": "historyofmariaan00abbo_0324.jp2"}}