{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3533", "width": "2221", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Book- M y^\\nCopight]^\u00c2\u00b0_/.$i2^\\ncu\\nCOPYRIGHT DEPOSIT", "height": "3419", "width": "2117", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2117", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2117", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3434", "width": "2091", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3429", "width": "2076", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "c", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "JOSEPH ADDISON.\\nAfter the painting by Godfrey Kneller.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Bngltsb Classics\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Star Series\\nTHE\\nSIR ROGER BE COVERLET PAPERS\\nFROM\\nTHE SPECTATOR\\nEDITED FOR SCHOOL USE\\nBY\\nLAURA JOHNSON WYLIE, Ph. D., (Yale)\\nPROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN VASSAR COLLEGE\\nGLOBE SCHOOL BOOK COMPANY\\nNEW YORK AND CHICAGO\\n1", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "G2258\\nILiorte.j y of Conoreesj\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\\\AL lv f\u00c2\u00bbU KfcCEUEO\\nOCT 17 1900\\nCopyright \u00c2\u00abntry\\nScCf^NP COPY,\\nU\u00c2\u00ab Uv* \u00c2\u00abl to\\n1 OKOta Ua IStON,\\nL0CJ_24j^C!ii.\\nv^\\na-^\\nCopyright, 1900, by\\nGlobe School Book Company.\\nM. p. L\\nMANHATTAN PRESS\\n474 W. BROADWAY\\nNEW YORK", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "PREFACE\\nPartly from the abundance of material open to the\\neditor of The Sir Roger de Coverley Papers, partly from\\nthe requirements of younger students, it has been deemed\\nwise in tliis edition to concentrate attention on those\\naspects of the papers that are of most fundamental in-\\nterest, merely suggesting secondary lines of study to be\\nfollowed out or not at will. Thus in tlie chronological\\ntable, only dates bearing on tlie social or intellectual\\nhistory of the time are given, and in the bibliography\\nthere are mentioned only books of great or special in-\\nterest in the introductory essays every effort is bent\\ntowards giving the student a central point of view, and\\nthus enabling liim to get at the heart of his subject by\\nunderstanding the social and moral conditions that made\\nTlie Spectator possible.\\nA chief aim of this book is, through its suggestions for\\nstudy, to relate the reading of a great masterpiece to the\\nstudent s everyday exjjerience and to his practice as a\\nwriter of English. For the most valuable of lessons in\\nwriting, for the admirable doing of what we all constantly\\ntry to do, there could be nothing better than the Sir\\nRoger de Coverley Papers. Their wide range of interest\\nand vivid portrayal of everyday life make them at once\\nstimulus and example to the appreciative student and a\\nwise use of them in the classroom should leave him not\\nonly with a deepened love of literature but with a fair\\nworking knowledge of the principles of prose composition.\\nThe time limit is the chief obstacle to such a result.\\niii", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "iy PREFACE\\nIn tlie introduction and notes abundant opportunity is\\ngiven for the student s outside research while the facts\\nessential to an understanding of the essays have been\\nfully told, the constant use of a good dictionary and en-\\ncyclopaedia has been assumed, and many suggestions for\\nfurther independent investigation have been given. For\\nthis latter purpose a small school library is almost a neces-\\nsity. It should contain, besides the standard works of\\nreference and a good history of the period, as many as\\npossible of the books mentioned in the bibliography.\\nA brief survey of the suggestions for study will show\\nthat the psychological method is followed throughout\\nthat the student s experience is taken as the starting\\npoint for his later progress, and that in its light is inter-\\npreted what is unreal or unknown to him in literature.\\nThe study of the whole book should be based on the same\\nprinciple. A sympathetic reading of the text will provoke\\nthe questions to which the introductory essays are an\\nanswer, as well as those others that will lead the student\\nto an investigation of the notes or of books of reference.\\nThe text is based on Morley s edition of Tlie Spectator.\\nIt has been modernized, when necessary, in spelling and\\npunctuation, and changed in a very few unimportant\\nparticulars.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS\\nIntroduction\\nI. The Periodical Essay in the Age of Anne vii\\nII. The Authors of Tlie Sir Roger cle Coverley Papers\\nJoseph Addison xxiii\\nRichard Steele xxxii\\nEustace Budgell xli\\nIII. Chronological Table xlii\\nTHE SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY PAPERS.\\nCHAPTER\\nI. The Spectator Addison. 1\\nII. The Club Steele. 6\\nIII. Sir Roger on Men of Fine Parts Steele. 12\\nIV. The Spectator at his Club Addison. 17\\nV. A Lady s Library Addison. 22\\nVI. Sir Roger at Home^ Addison.,,^-^\\nVII. The Coverley Household Steele. 31\\nVIII. Will Wimble .v: Addison.\\nIX. The Coverley Portraits Steele. 39\\nX. The Coverley Ghost Addison. 44\\nXI. ASuNDAY AT Sir Roger s Addison. 49\\nXII. Sir Roger in Love Steele. 53\\nXIII. Economy in Affairs Steele. 59\\nXIV. Bodily Exercise Addison. 63\\nXV. The Coverley Hunt Budgell. 67\\nXVI. The Coverley Witch Addison. 73\\nY", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "vi CONTENTS\\nCHAPTER PAGE\\nXVII. Sir Roger on the Widow Steele, 77\\nXVIII. Town and Country Manners Addison. 83\\nXIX. Instinct in Animals Addison. 86\\nXX. Instinct in Animals Addison. 91\\nXXI. Sir Roger at the Assizes Addison. 97\\nXXII. The Education of an Heir Addison. 103\\nXXIII. The Mischiefs of Party Spirit Addison. 108\\nXXIV. The Mischiefs of Party Spirit Addison. 113\\nXXV. Sir Roger and the Gypsies Addison. 118\\nXXVI. The Spectator decides to retire to\\nthe Town Addison. 122\\nXXVII. The Spectator s Journey to London Steele. 126\\nXXVIII. Sir Roger and Sir Andrew Freeport Steele. 130\\nXXIX. The Cries of London Addison. 135\\nXXX. Sir Roger comes to Town Addison. 140\\nXXXI. Sir Roger IN Westminster Abbey Addison. 144\\nXXXII. Sir Roger upon Beards Budgell. 149\\nXXXIII. Sir Roger at the Play Addison. 153\\nXXXIV. Will Honeycomb on Love Budgell. 157\\nXXXV. Sir Roger at Vauxhall Addison. 161\\nXXXVI. Death OF Sir Roger DE Coverley Addison. 165\\nFacsimile Reprint of Spectator, No. 544 Steele. 169\\nNotes 175\\nAppendices\\nI. Translation of the Mottoes 189\\nII. Suggestions for Study 193\\nIII. College Entrance Examination Questions 203\\nIV. Bibliography 206", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION\\nTHE PERIODICAL ESSAY IN THE AGE OF\\nANNE.\\nThe age of Anne is perhaps the best known of the great\\nperiods of English literary history. Its fashions and man-\\nners are hardly less vivid to the student of literature than\\nthose of his own age, while the personalities of its great\\nmen stand out with singular distinctness. Its thoughts\\nare even more familiar than its manners and characters\\nthey have in great part entered into our experience, and\\nlive in the commonplace of our daily judgments or in the\\ncommon sense of our familiar proverbs.\\nIt is possible for us to understand the age of Queen\\nAnne because it lies at the threshold of modern England\\nin other words, it begins to treat all questions of human\\nconcern in that rational and tolerant spirit which distinct-\\nively marks the modern thinker. With the Revolution of\\n1688 the forces that had been gradually gaining strength\\nsince the accomplishment of the Reformation suddenly be-\\ncame the dominant influences in English life and history.\\nThe position of science as the central interest in the new\\nera had been assured since the time of Bacon, but with\\nthe incorporation of the Royal Society in 1602 came the\\npopular recognition of the greatness of the newflgiovement.\\nMen of all ranks turned enthusiastically to the study of\\nscience. Dryden and Boyle, Denham and Cowley, were\\namong the early members of the Royal Society, and even\\nCharles II., given over to frivolity as he was, found means\\nvii", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "yiii INTRODUCTION\\nto equip a chemical laboratory and time to work in it. The\\nstudy of the natural sciences was, however, only one of the\\nways in which the new scientific impulse found expression.\\nAn even greater achievement was the application of scien-\\ntific methoj to subjects liitherto lying in whole or in part\\nwithout its pale. Thus from Dry den to Addison literary\\ncriticism, purely empirical in the hand even of a master\\nlike Ben Jonson, grows more and more scientific in char-\\nacter. With Locke the scientific, or experimental,\\nmethod Avas applied more perfectly to metaphysics, to\\npolitics and to education. In a host of lesser writers\\nappears the same effort to reduce to order the phenomena\\nwith which they were concerned.\\nThe Revolution of 1688, with its appeal to principles\\nand its demand for a rational scheme of government,\\nstimulated and defined discussion by forcing it to an im-\\nmediate application. J. R. Green calls this period the\\nage of law, and, rightly interpreted, no single phrase can\\nbetter describe the common character of its manifold ac-\\ntivities. In the world of thought there was everywhere\\nthe attempt to discover law in the world of practice, to\\nenforce it. In politics, superficial as was the statesman-\\nship of the day, there Avas for the first time a consistent\\nappeal to reason, and an endeavor to represent in the\\ngovernment the various forces of the state. In morals\\nand manners the same tendency was evident. Social law\\nbecame the great guide to conduct laws of taste were\\nmore and more applied to questions of etiquette and form.\\nThe underlying principles of the age were thus the same\\nas those to which we appeal to-day. The special questions\\nthen discussed have long been outgrown or tlieir nomen-\\nclature has been entirely changed but in a common\\ndesire to treat all questions rationally and to refer them\\nconsistently to the test of experience, the thinkers of the\\neighteenth century and of the nineteenth are at one.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION\\nOur knowledge of the age of Anne, made possible by\\nthe modernness of its thought, is directly due to the vivid\\nportrayal of their time by its men of letters. They\\nformed, indeed, an essential part of the society that they\\nrepresented. Brought by temporary political conditions\\ninto places of power and influence, they met on equal\\nterms lords and men of the Avorld. Swift, after his youth\\nof poverty and chagrin, dined with the ministers that he\\nhad helped, or was helping, to great place. Pope s familiar\\nfriends were Bolingbroke, Peterborough, and Bathurst.\\nAddison and Steele were the companions of their political\\npatrons. The social life of tliese men, which seems at\\nfirst sight to narrow tlieir work, in reality gave unity and\\nforce to the cause for which they stood. They were bent,\\nas truly as their more purely political friends, on a reor-\\nganization of society, though for both the word included\\nno more than the upper and upper-middle classes. Yet,\\nlimited as w^as their idea of society when compared with\\nours, it was far broader than any previous conception; and\\nby its very restrictions allowed for a more perfect unifica-\\ntion of purpose and effort than has been possible in after\\ntimes. To enlarge the world of the bigot, to deepen the\\nworld of the trifler, by bringing home to both what to the\\nthinker made life worth living, was the aim of the best men\\nof the age in their best endeavors. In such an effort they\\nwere singularly happy in holding a position that enabled\\nthem to preach in tlie language of the men of the world.\\nThe greatness of literature in the early eighteenth cen-\\ntury, though largely due to temporary political conditions,\\nwas made possible by the growth of a reading public that\\ntowards the end of the seventeenth century began to be\\na powerful factor in the development of literature proper.\\nIn the age of Elizabeth the great means of reaching the\\npeople had been the stage, though sermons and pamphlets\\nwere even then widely read. Puritan England had, how-", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "X INTRODUCTION\\never, been too deeply absorbed in political and religious\\nquestions to care for any literature besides the theological\\nand political discussions in Avhich it abounded. After the\\nreturn of Charles II. the mass of the nation seems to have\\ngone on its way, reading sermons and pamphlets, if read-\\ning at all, while literature and the stage found their\\naudience in the court and in the small fraction of the\\nwealthy London society that followed its fashion. The\\nliterature written to so small and select a circle has natu-\\nrally a certain society tone its appeals to ladies and\\ngentlemen, its urbanity and freedom from pedantry, prove\\nhow really the writers of the day were appropriating the\\ncourtly manners of speech and thought. Had Charles\\nbeen as generous to letters as he was appreciative of\\nthem, and had constitutional questions remained in the\\nbackground during his reign, it is possible that Eng-\\nland might have developed a court literature as distinc-\\ntive, if neither so artistic nor so lofty, as that of France.\\nActually, however, events took a different course. The\\nthreatening of Protestant interests and constitutional\\ngovernment, whether real or supposed, called the Puri-\\ntan middle class from its isolation and forced even Charles\\nand James to recognize its political power. It was to reach\\nthis already influential public thatDryden s Absalom and\\nAchitophel was written in 1681. The unparalleled success\\nof the satire not only proved the strength of this public and\\nshowed its interest in practical questions of religion and\\ngovernment it marked the passage of literature from the\\nservice of the court to the service of the government and\\nof the people, and so connects its future with that of the\\nlarger world of readers which was then beginning to\\nturn to letters for amusement and information. For\\npolitics was but one, though at the time undoubtedly the\\nfirst, among the interests of English middle-class readers.\\nWith their growth in wealth and power and their reaction", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xi\\nagainst the religious enthusiasm of the generation before,\\nthere had come a keen scientific interest in the world\\naround them, a moral fervor for right living and a desire\\nfor things comely and of good report in daily life. With\\nsuch a public sentiment, tlie development of literature\\nwas assured the task of writers was only to get into\\ntouch with the many waiting and eager for their teaching.\\nThe bringing together of writers and the reading public\\nwas, as we have seen in the case of Dryden, precipitated\\nby the political conditions of the years about the Revolu-\\ntion. In the burst of loyalty that welcomed Charles II. to\\nthe throne reason was forgotten, and for a time the king^s\\nwill was supreme. But the opposition aroused by his\\nfrivolity and misgovernment forced Charles to support his\\ncause by an appeal to men of letters. Beyond an occa-\\nsional and grudging reward for the greatest service, his\\nappreciation never went. Dryden, for su^^porting,, per-\\nhaps saving, the government in a great crisis, was given,\\nso far as we can tell by documentary evidence, an unlu-\\ncrative post in the customs. But Cowley, who had been a\\ndevoted follower of the royal fortunes, was wholly neg-\\nlected, and Butler, whose Hudihras had given a telling\\nblow to the Puritans, died in misery and want. Under\\nthe successor of Charles men of letters fared even worse\\nfor James was utterly lacking in literary appreciation,\\nand substituted for Charles s superficial generosity of man-\\nner a grudging acknowledgment as well as a grudging\\npayment of his debts to literature. Indeed, as far as he\\ncould, he repressed the activities and discouraged the\\ndevelopment of the writers of his reign.\\nWith the Revolution of 1688 came an almost immediate\\nchange in the position of men of letters their power,\\ngained in spite of the policy of the Stuart kings, became\\nsuddenly necessary to the new government. The estab-\\nlishment of a constitutional monarchy, with a king at its", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "xii INTRODUCTION\\nhead whose power could be supported by no aj^peal to loy-\\nalty or tradition, demanded clear understanding between\\ngovernment and people an understanding tliat could be\\nbest reached through the intervention of men of letters.\\nThe need of their suj^port was indeed manifest. William s\\nclaim to the throne rested nominally on the choice of his\\nsubjects, in reality on the intrigue and chicanery of poli-\\nticians. Alien to England, his interests and ambitions\\ncould appeal but little to his new people, while his cold-\\nness of nature made him slow to win their affection. He\\nhad no love of letters, and especially no love of English\\nletters. But in his endeavor to gain the ear of his people,\\nhe could not afford to leave unused the power that litera-\\nture offered him. Among his ministers themselves were\\nwriters who had borne no small part in forming the taste\\nof their time. Thus Lord Somers, solicitor-general, had\\nurged Tonson to a second edition of Paradise Lost, and\\nhad labored at a translation of Plutarch s Lives. Dorset\\nwas an intelligent and aj^preciative patron of letters.\\nCharles Montague, afterwards Earl of Halifax, joined with\\nPrior in 1687 in writing The Country Alouse and the City\\nMouse. These men, who had helped to defeat the Stuarts\\nby venomous attacks on their policy, naturally valued to\\nthe full the new power of literature. Writers of ability\\nwere at once called to positions of influence, and for the\\nnext quarter-century, men of letters were the well paid,\\nbecause the valued, servants of the state. Dryden, from\\nhis past career and his religion, Pope for his religion\\nalone, was excluded from a share in public affairs. But\\nexcept for some such evident reason, men of letters\\nwere sure of employment under government. Swift,\\nin spite of his supposed attacks on orthodoxy, was\\ngiven a deanery, Addison was without office for only\\na few months of his life, and hosts of lesser writers,\\nShadwell and Tate, Ambrose Philips and Parnell,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xiii\\nBudgell and Walsh, held positions more or less respon-\\nsible and lucrative.\\nThe press, Avhich for the last three-quarters of a century\\nhad been trying itself in the varying political conditions of\\nEngland, offered men of letters, thus called to the support\\nof government, a ready means of reaching the people. The\\nhistory of English journalism is usually dated from the\\nearliest years of the seventeenth century, but up to 1619\\nthe so-called newspapers were issued irregularly, and were\\nin fact a sort of official bulletins, ordinarily published by\\nthe king s printer and preceded by notices that they were\\n*^Set forth by Authority or commanded by his\\nMajesty to be published in Print. After 1619, however,\\nthere were regularly published small, badly printed sheets\\nchiefly devoted to foreign news. The title of the first of\\nthese journals that appeared regularly is characteristic\\nof the class Weekly Keivs from Italy, Ger mania, Hun-\\ngaria, Bohemia, the Palatinate, France and the Low\\nCountries. In spite of many changes of name and form\\nthe Weekly Xeivs was regularly published from 1623 to\\n1640, when, with the meeting of the Long Parliament,\\ndomestic affairs became the centre of interest. The in-\\ntensity of this interest appears in the fact, that from 1640\\nto 1649, the year in which Charles I. was executed, more\\nthan a hundred political journals were published under\\nvarious names, and from 1649 to the Eestoration more\\nthan eighty others were added to the number.\\nThese publications, while containing in germ the later\\nnewspaper, yet resembled it but slightly. The news in\\nthem, meagre in itself, was usually confined to a single\\nsubject or phase of a subject, and what comment there\\nwas allied itself with the bitter invectives that filled the\\npamphlets of the age. Freedom of discussion, never ab-\\nsolute, was limited by an act of the Long Parliament in\\n1647, and further restricted after the Eestoration by the", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "xiv INTRODUCTION\\npolicy of Charles. The king not only saw that the cen-\\nsorship of the press was more rigorously enforced, but\\nestablished organs of his own from which alone authori-\\ntative news could be obtained. Even when the Licensing\\nAct expired in 1679 the new freedom was of little benefit\\nto the papers, since judges and juries declared that the\\nroyal authority was still necessary to the publication of\\npolitical news. Tlie Gazette of London, established in\\n1666, after the failure of several short-lived papers, re-\\nmained the court organ for some years. In the stormy\\ndays of the Exclusion Bill and the Popish Plot, the gov-\\nernment, hard pressed by the unscrupulous but popular\\nGrub Street writers, supplemented this official bulletin\\nwith a new journal, the famous Ohservator, which was\\nentrusted to the stanch royalist Roger lyEstrange. This\\npaper, designed to allow freer comment and fuller argu-\\nment, was written in question and answer, and, while as\\nrigidly edited as The Gazette, marks a gain in force and\\nvariety of treatment and in its attempt to appeal to the\\nreason and interest of its readers.\\nThese official organs of the government were undoubt-\\nedly the first means of its iournalistic communications with\\nthe reading public but neither their dry and one-sided\\nannouncements, nor the scurrilous attacks of the Grub\\nStreet writers, could account for the swift growth of\\nthe press. The real centres of discussion from the\\nbeginning of the reign of Charles were in the London\\ncoffee-houses, the first of which was established in 1652.\\nHere men of similar interests and tastes met to hear the\\nnews and talk over affairs, political or literary, financial\\nor social, as the case might be. In the discussions of\\nthese groups of familiar friends there was a freedom and\\nvitality lacking to the formal utterances of such a press\\nas then existed. It was in them that the public opinion\\nof the capital formed itself, and it was to bring the", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION XV\\ncurious news-lovers of the country into touch with these\\ncentres of thought that the news-letters originated. The\\nwriters of these letters, often employed by some provincial\\ngreat person a lord, a county magistrate, an ambitious\\nclergyman are the true ancestors of our reporters. Free\\nfrom censorship they were able to roam from coffee-house\\nto coffee-house, to follow the busy activities of the city\\nand to pick up stories of court doings or choice bits of\\ngossip. In them we find journalism, under the^ double\\nstimulus of freedom and appreciation, taking a long step\\ntoward that impartial discussion of morals and manners\\nwhich was so soon to make of periodical literature the\\ngreatest power of the age.\\nFor the creation of the modern journal there was but a\\nsingle step to be taken the thought of club and coffee-\\nhouse, the gossip of the news-letter, were to be made ac-\\ncessible through the newspaper to the general public. In\\nthis development the work of two men is of particular\\ninterest. In 1690 John Dunton, a bookseller of London,\\nbegan the publication of The Athenian Gazette, changed\\nafter a few numbers, out of deference to the authorities,\\nto The Athenian Mercury. Dunton, who seems to have\\nbeen of an inventive and ingenious turn of mind, had the\\nidea, so popular in his time, of mingling amusement and\\ninstruction in a paper composed of questions and answers\\nand conducted by a club of four men known as the Athe-\\nnian Society. The questions and answers given in the\\npaper, singularly interesting as showing the condition\\nof the public mind twenty years before Addison began to\\nwrite, should convince the most skeptical how necessary\\nwas that plain teaching of plain morals that was to be his\\ngreat work. However, The Athenian Mercury did its\\nbest service in suggesting to Defoe that he should add to\\nthe political discussions of his Revieio, begun in 1704 and\\ncontinued to 1713, some treatment of social and literary", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "^y{ INTRODUCTION\\nquestions. Defoe, a violent politician and a stringent mor-\\nalist, undertook, in the reports of the famous Scandalous\\nClub, to comment on the vices and frailties of his time.\\nThough his Puritanism shut him out from the sympathy\\nof the polite world, and though his style was that of the\\npamphleteer, his work marks the final advance to the treat-\\nment of moral and social questions which was to be the\\nspecial distinction ot The Tatler and Tlie Spectator.\\nThe discovery of a public waiting to be amused and\\ninstructed and the indication of the best way to reach\\nit was the task of Dunton and Defoe. To Steele,\\nand later to Addison, it was left to raise the periodical\\nessay to a first place in literature. In this work, as\\nin so much else, the part of Steele was that of pioneer.\\nMoved almost equally by a desire to better his ever\\nuncertain fortunes and to benefit the society in which\\nhe lived, he saw, with the quick eye of the journalist,\\nthe new literary opportunity open to him. With the\\nsame journalistic instinct he took advantage of a chance\\ncircumstance to bring himself at once into public notice.\\nSwift, under the name of Isaac Bickerstaff, had in 1708\\nissued a pamphlet satirizing especially the prophecies of\\na shoemaker astrologer, John Partridge, who, besides other\\nwritings, had for several years edited an astrological alma-\\nnac very popular with the middle and lower classes of Lon-\\ndon readers. After an introduction so absolute in its irony\\nas to convince many among others the Inquisition at\\nPortugal, which burnt it for heresy of the sincerity of his\\nwork, Isaac Bickerstaif foretold the death of Partridge on\\nthe 29th of the following March. After the appointed date\\nthere appeared another letter, stating that Partridge had\\ndied within about four hours of the time prophesied. In\\nthe violent discussion that followed. Partridge protesting\\nthat he was still alive, Swift elaborately proving that he\\nwas dead, the name of Bickerstaff was in everybody s", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xvii\\nmouth, and Steele, taking it as the pseudonym for his\\nessays in The Tatler, assured for his new paper an intro-\\nduction to many readers.\\nThe purpose and aim of The Tatler ally it witli the\\nsoundest and best forces of the time. The general pur-\\npose of this Paper/ says Steele in his dedication to Arthur\\nMaynwaring of the first collected edition of the essays\\nof Tlie Tatler, is to expose the false Arts of Life, to pull\\noff the Disguises of Cunning, Vanity, and Affectation,\\nand to recommend a general Simplicity in our Dress, our\\nDiscourse, and our Behaviour. While the general aim of\\nthe paper is thus the same as that of Defoe s Scandalous\\nClub, which set out as directly in The Review to chas-\\ntise vice and recommend virtue, the spirit in which the\\nreform is carried on is distinctly different. Steele is a\\nman of the world as well as a moralist, and, however\\nlightly we interpret his strictures on his own conduct, he\\nwas thoroughly at home in the social life of those whom\\nhe set out to reform. His interpretation of morality is at\\none with the best thought of his age, which was finding\\nin its new enthusiasm for conduct an ideal no less strenu-\\nous than the religious zeal of Puritanism. The motto of\\nthe early TatJers\\nQuidquid agunt homines\\nnostri est farrago libelli,\\nsuggests the work of the reporter rather than of the\\nteacher. But the variety and.scope of the subject-matter\\nof the new periodical were no less conspicuous than the\\nunity of its spirit and teaching. Steele the journalist\\nwas morally as much in earnest as Steele the author of\\nThe Christian Hero or The Funeral. AVhether he speaks\\nof duelling or the last new play, of drunkenness or some\\nfeminine folly of the time, he treats his subject with sound\\nsense and a genuine love of goodness and decorum.\\nIn range of subject-matter The Tatler equals Tlie Spec-", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "xviii INTRODUCTION\\ntator, while in its art we note as the numbers go on a\\nsteady advance toward the unity and perfection of its suc-\\ncessor. The earlier papers discuss a variety of themes,\\neach dated from its appropriate coffee-house. All Ac-\\ncounts of Gallantry, Pleasure and Entertainment, says\\nSteele in the first number of The Tatler, shall be under\\nthe Article of White s Chocolate-house Poetry, under\\nthat of Will s Coffee-house Learning, under the Title of\\nGrecian Foreign and Domestic News, you will have from\\nSt. James s Coffee-house and what else I have to offer on\\nany other Subject, shall be dated from my own Apartment.\\nThe filling of the small single sheet of which The Tatler\\nwas composed with several distinct letters gradually gave\\nway to the publishing of a single essay, better wrought\\nand giving a fuller treatment of its subject. In this ar-\\ntistic growth Addison had undoubtedly a great influence,\\nthough he became a regular contributor to The Tatler\\nonly after its eightieth number, and wrote for it in all\\nonly about forty-two of its two hundred and seventy-one\\nnumbers. But in spite of its growing excellence and\\nprosperity it was only two years till, for some reason not\\nyet understood. The Tatler ceased to be. Its last number\\nwas issued in January, 1711. The first number of The\\nSpectator appeared in the following March. Addison\\nand Steele were from the first united in its management,\\nand it had besides the inestimable advantage of succeed-\\ning The Tatler. Before it began, the experimental stage\\nof the new form of literature was past, and from the first\\nwe find in it a certainty of touch and an artistic excel-\\nlence that assure its place in literature.\\nThe peculiar character of The S])ectator is chiefly due\\nto the place that Addison took in the conduct of the new\\npaper. In speaking of Addison s contributions to TJie\\nTatler, Steele tells us in an oft quoted speech that he\\nfared like a distressed Prince, who calls in a powerful", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xix\\nNeighbour to his Aid I was undone by my Auxiliary\\nwhen I had once called him in, I could not subsist without\\nDependence on him. By this and his other generous trib-\\nutes to his friend, Steele has exposed himself to the fate\\nof the over-modest man for all the world has been only\\ntoo ready to take him at his own estimate. To him\\nundoubtedly belongs the merit of discovery and initiative\\njust as truly as The Tatler prepared the way for The\\nSpectator did Steele s co-operation make possible the\\nwork of Addison. Yet, in spite of Steele s journalistic\\ngreatness, it is undoubtedly Addison who, in both art\\nand character, most truly represents the movement in lite-\\nrature for which both The Tatler smcl The Sjyectator stand.\\nThe superiority of The Spectator is due both to its gain\\nin elegance, purity, and correctness of style, and to its\\nlarger, saner, and nobler conception of life. In devotion\\nto the public good, in genuine humanity and in devout\\nreligious faith the great friends were at one. With these\\nqualities Addison combined fine scholarship, a Shake-\\nspearian exquisiteness of humor, and an artistic power\\nhardly excelled in our literature. He thus stands as the\\nbest single exponent of the great social revolution in litera-\\nture with which modern England begins.\\nThe direct appeal of The Tatler and The Spectator to\\ntheir public was the sign that the social revolution in\\nliterature had been as completely accomplished as the\\npolitical revolution of 1688. From the early days of Dry-\\nden, when literature had exchanged its Latin pedantries\\nfor the elegance of the courtier, the advance toward this\\nend had been inevitable with the publication of Absalom\\nand Achitophel the barriers separating court and city\\nreaders had been once and for all broken down. But be-\\nfore the publication of The Spectator the new public had\\nnot only been definitely recognized, but was powerful\\nenough to insure the financial independence of its favorite", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "XX INTRODUCTION\\nwriters. Steele had in this, as in so much else, been quick\\nto take advantage of the new conditions. He is, indeed,\\nno more backward in expressing his desire for support from\\nTlie Tatler than in declaring his intent to improve, in how-\\never humble a way, the society in which he lived. In its\\nfourth number, under cover of the editorial we, he\\ntells us that he had ^^all along informed the Public, that\\nwe intend to give them our Advices for our own Sakes,\\nand are labouring to make our Lucubrations come to\\nsome Price in Money for our more convenient Support\\nin the Service of the Public. The fact that he and\\nAddison bettered their fortunes in this journalistic ven-\\nture in the days when writers still played for great stakes\\nin the service of government, is almost as significant in\\nthe history of men of letters as Pope s achievement of a\\ncompetence from his writings alone. In the evil days of\\nWalpole s ministry there was still to be a long struggle\\nbefore the relation of writers to their constituency was in\\nany sense defined but from the time of Addison and\\nSteele there could be no real doubt as to its issue.\\nMen of letters had now come to rely on the readers of\\nthe middle class, and the taste of these readers was in turn\\nimpressing itself deeply on literature. The world into\\nwhich literature had passed from the study and the draw-\\ning-room seems narrow in comparison with the world of\\nto-day the democracy of club man and squire is almost\\naristocratic to the reader of the nineteenth century. The\\npublic for whom The Spectator was written was the city\\nworld of society and trade, with such country readers as\\naspired to connection with the intellectual or social life\\nof the capital. Within these limits, however, no human\\ninterest or ambition was left untouched and all subjects\\nwere discussed with a view alike to the trained thinker\\nand the reader beginning to seek his way through library\\nshelves. Kindliness and integrity were now seriously", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xxi\\ntreated for the benefit of the sober-minded, now playfully\\ninsinuated in the satire that would catch the ear of the men\\nabout town fashions in clothes or etiquette, in novel or\\ndrama, were considered in their turn, and in each was some\\ntouch that universalized and humanized it into a subject\\nof general interest. The urbanity that in the best and\\nbroadest sense characterizes this new literature has been\\nascribed, naturally enough, to the influence of the French\\ncourt and literature but, though there were many points\\nof likeness between the writers of the age of Queen Anne\\nand their French contemporaries, the Englishmen were\\nessentially national and original in their work. Another\\nexplanation of it, and perhaps a truer one, traces it to\\nthe influence of women, now becoming so large a part of\\nthe reading public. Yet these forces, each in its own way\\nso potent, were operative because of the general desire for\\ncivility and decorum, characteristic of the best men of the\\nage, and shared in a degree by even the more frivolous of\\nthe readers of The Sjjectator.\\nThe reforming impulse of the age of Anne is perhaps its\\nnoblest characteristic, but its great writers were too great\\nartists to be content with a wearisome didacticism. The\\ncritics of the day were thinking much about the function\\nof literature, and were well of accord that its purpose was\\nto instruct and to amuse. To amuse by teaching, to teach\\nby amusing, was the double aim of the two greatest of the\\ncontributors to The Spectator. The ideal of social life for\\nwhich they stood combined the charms of grace and good-\\nness, of strength and culture, in a way that was wholly new.\\nSidney, Spenser, and Milton had, it is true, made this ideal\\nof individual character familiar to the reader of English\\nliterature. But the attempt to imbue society with some-\\nthing akin to the enthusiasm of these great men for moral\\nand artistic beauty, to combine in social life the grace of\\nthe Cavalier with something of the moral loftiness of the", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "xxii INTRODUCTION\\nPuritan, was a distinctly new movement, and the glory\\nof leading it belongs pre-eminently to Steele and Addison,\\nthe two men who most clearly expressed the desire of their\\nage for a life intellectual without pedantry, decorous with-\\nout austerity, upright without hypocrisy, spiritual without\\nbigotry. The method of their teaching was as varied as\\nits aim was single. Sermons for the grave, satire for the\\nwitty, fill their papers. Now they speak in allegory, now\\ntalk simply of the simplest affairs of life. Again we have\\nsuch a series of observations and reflections as the Sir\\nRoger cle Coverley Papers, the best known and the most\\ncharacteristic essays of The Spectator. Long comment on\\nthese papers is unnecessary, since in studying them we best\\ncome to understand their value as reflecting with singular\\nveracity the world of which they once formed a part, and\\nas representing the most characteristic works of Addi-\\nson and Steele, artists wide in human sympathy, and ex-\\nquisite in kindly humor,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xxiii\\nTHE AUTHORS OF THE SIR ROGER DE\\nCOVERLEY PAPERS.\\nJOSEPH ADDISON\\nJ osEPH Addison was born on the first of May, 1672, in\\n^ilston. a small town near Amesbnry in Wiltshire. Of\\nKife mother we know little but his father, the Rev.\\nLancelot Addison, was a man of much originality and\\nindependence of character. The son of a clergyman and\\nhimself destined for the Church, he was a student at Ox-\\nford during the stormy days of the Puritan Visitation. It\\nseems to have been due largely to the tyranny of the ruling\\npower that he became so staunch and outspoken a Royalist\\nthat he was forced to leave the university. For a time he\\nsupported himself by acting as Chaplain to Royalist\\nfamilies, and after the Restoration, as a small reward for\\nhis loyalty, was appointed Chaplain to the garrison at Dun-\\nkirk and later to the army in Tangier. The latter position\\nhe lost on his return to England for a visit in 1670, but\\nthrough the influence of a friend he soon obtained the\\nsmall living at Milston, and after several less important\\nappointments was, in 1683, made Dean of Lichfield. He\\ncould, in all probability, have been made a bishop had not\\nhis Royalist opinions, after the Revolution of 1688, barred\\nthe way to preferment.\\nLancelot Addison was as remarkable for gifts of mind\\nand amiability of manner as for his independence of char-\\nacter. He was in his own day an author of considerable\\nrepute. Though his most popular books seem to have", "height": "3419", "width": "2034", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "xxiv INTRODUCTION\\nbeen those on theological and devotional subjects, t?ie works\\nembodying his observations on Tangier are peculiarly char-\\nacteristic. They show their author to have been a man\\nof lively curiosity, keen perception, and a power of ex-\\npression that give tliem, forgotten as they are, a touch of\\ngenuine interest. But the family life of Lancelot Addi-\\nson was even more influential in the later development\\nof his children than his intellectual power. Our scant\\nknowledge of fact here rests chiefly on the friendly\\ntestimony of Richard Steele, who, while at the Charter-\\nhouse and Oxford, spent some of his vacations at his\\nfriend s home in Lichfield. It may be tliat Steele s praise\\nwas partial, and it was certainly used to point a moral but\\nat least he describes a home that must often have been\\npresent to tlie memory of the great friends in their life-\\nlong efforts to elevate the home life of their countrymen.\\nMr. Addison, says Steele in the 235th Tatler, was the one\\nman he knew who lived with his children with equa-\\nnimity and a good grace and then he goes on to sketch\\nthe results of his wise justice in the mutual courtesy of\\nthe children and in the kindliness that refined their inter-\\ncourse with each other.\\nBefore Addison was sent to the Charterhouse he had\\nalready attended school in Salisbury and Lichfield. Of\\nhis life there, little is known. At Lichfield he is said\\nto have been the leader of a barring out. Still earlier\\nhe was the hero of a more characteristic story. Hav-\\ning committed some childish naughtiness, his terror over-\\ncame him and he took to the fields, making his home\\nin a hollow tree till discovered and restored to his\\nparents. Of his studies we know even less than of these\\nescapades. It was probably at the Charterhouse, then\\none of the best and best known of the great English\\nschools, that he laid the foundation of that classical\\nscholarship which was the basis of all his culture. There", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION XXV\\nhe certainly began his friendship with Eichard Steele.\\nBut though this is one of the most memorable friendships\\nof our literary history, though it was destined to last almost\\ntill the end of Addison s life and to stimulate his mind to\\nits best and happiest activity, we know little more of it\\nduring his school years than the mere fact of its exist-\\nence.\\nIn 1687 Addison went to Queen s College, Oxford, and\\ntwo years later was appointed demy at Magdalen. In\\n1693 he took his master s degree, in 1697 was elected pro-\\nbationary, and in 1698 actual fellow. During the ten\\nyears of his residence he did some tutoring, having a\\nstudent put under his care when he was himself only nine-\\nteen years old but he seems to have devoted himself\\nchiefly to study, and it was during this time that he began\\nto make his mark in London as a young man of rare\\nscholarly promise. Perhaps the most important circum-\\nstance in these years of quiet study was his development\\nfrom the narrow critical judgments of his school days\\ntoward the more liberal views of his manhood. In his\\nversified Account of the Greatest English Poets the\\nmuse-possest, as he calls them Addison is at his worst\\nand callowest as a critic, showing neither sympathy with\\nthe great traditions of English poetry nor any worthy\\nknowledge of them. Shakespeare is unnamed the one\\ndramatist he mentions is Congreve Milton is recognized\\nas the follower of antiquity rather than as one of the great-\\nest of English poets. Even his occasionally just appreci-\\nations lose their value from his exaggerated estimate of\\nthe virtues of inferior poets. As he advanced in his uni-\\nversity life we find that he attained to better standards of\\ncriticism, and that his taste grew constantly severer and\\nmore refined. His preface to Dryden s translation of The\\nGeorgics and his notes on a projected translation of Ovid\\nshow us the great critic of later days in the making. It ia", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "xxvi INTRODUCTION\\ninteresting to note that, so far as this change is a matter\\nof record, it was brought about by his more and more in-\\ntelligent study of the classics.\\nAddison had long had it in mind, though perhaps\\nrather from deference to his father s desire than from any\\nwish of his own, to enter the Church. When the time for\\nfinal decision came, he was, according to Tickell, withheld\\nby his own shyness from becoming a clergyman. Steele,\\nhowever, undoubtedly a better authority, lays the deci-\\nsion to the intervention of Lord Halifax, then known as\\nCharles Montague, who urged that Mr. Addison turn\\nhis thoughts to the civil world. Halifax, at that time\\none of the great Whig leaders, was on the watch for men of\\npower who would support his. party. Addison s Address\\nto King WilUatn, a poem written in 1G95, had already sug-\\ngested his connection with politics, and the Latin poem\\non the Peace of Rysioich had procured him a high reputa-\\ntion. The arguments of Halifax, as presented by Steele,\\nwere peculiarly fitted to appeal to a moralist like Addison\\nand when to his portrayal of the pravity and corruption\\nof men of business, who wanted liberal education and\\nthe need in public affairs of integrity and ability was\\nadded the solid inducement of a pension of \u00c2\u00a3300 a year\\nfrom the Crown, there was no reason why Addison should\\nhesitate to fit himself by travel and further study for a\\npolitical career.\\nAddison thus set out on his tour of Europe in the\\ndouble character of scholar and future statesman. His\\nLatin verse opened the way for his acquaintance with\\nmen of letters, while his introduction from Lord Halifax\\ninsured his entrance into diplomatic circles. It is worth\\nnoting in relation to the manners of the day that, of his\\nfour years abroad, he spent nearly eighteen months in\\nstudying the French language. Europe was still in great\\npart the Europe of the Latin poets, and he saw it so", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION XXvii\\nwholly with their eyes that some critics say The Remarks\\non Italy might as well have been written at home. But\\nhis observations of manners and scenery show plainly the\\nkeen interest in men and things that was in after years\\nthe especial endowment of the Spectator.\\nIn 1701 Addison was chosen to attend Prince Euo-ene\\nas secretary of the King, but his hopes of political ad-\\nvancement were in the following year cut short by the\\n^ath of William. He lost by this not only his position\\nas secretary and the pension he had held for foreign study,\\nbut the patronage of Lord Halifax, who on the accession of\\nAnne was dropped from the Privy Council. In the follow-\\ning year Addison s father died, and when he returned to\\nLondon in 1703 he seemed farther than ever before from\\npreferment or success. If we may believe the rumors con-\\ncerning his life at this time, he lived in the utmost sim-\\nplicity, barely escaping the hardships of a Grub Street\\nlife. However, even then, his acquirements must have\\nmade him a person of some distinction. The Kit-Kat\\nClub, made up of thirty-nine of the leading Whigs, was\\none of the centres of party interest in London. Tonson,\\nthe first of the great English publishers, had been one of\\nits founders, and by his influence and that of Lord Hali-\\nfax, Addison, soon after his return to England, was\\nelected one of its members. Excepting his election to the\\nClub and the general fact of his straitened circumstances,\\nwe know few particulars of Addison s life for the year or\\nmore after his return from his travels. He was probably\\nbusy, as eldest son, in settling his father s estate, and he\\nmust have prepared for the press Remarks on Several\\nParts of Italy, which he published in 1705.\\nThe respect paid him is curiously illustrated by the cir-\\ncumstances in which he emerged from this period of ob-\\nscurity. When, after the victory of Blenheim, Godolphin,\\nthen lord-treasurer, asked Halifax whom he could find to", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "xxviii INTRODUCTION\\ncelebrate it worthily, Halifax recommended Addison, but\\ninsisted that he be treated with proper dignity, and urged\\nin his behalf that, while many fools and blockheads were\\nmaintained in their pride and luxury at the public expense,\\nsuch men as were really an honor to their age and country\\nwere shamefully suffered to languish in obscurity. Godol-\\nphin seems to have applied to him in fitting manner, and,\\nas a result of the negotiation, Addison wrote The Campaign,\\nand was at once made commissioner of appeal in the\\nexcise, as an earnest of greater favors to follow. Dull as\\nThe Campaign undoubtedly is a gazette in rhyme ac-\\ncording to Warton it admirably fulfilled the political\\npurpose for which it was written. Addison reaped his\\ndue reward when, in 1706, he was made under secretar3^of\\nstate. On the loss of this office in 1708 he was almost\\nimmediately made secretary to the lord lieutenant of\\nIreland, and in the same year he was elected to Parliament.\\nWhen in 1710 he was deprived of his secretaryship he could\\nsay that within the twelvemonth he had ^lost a place\\nof \u00c2\u00a32,000 per annum, and an estate in the Indies of \u00c2\u00a314,-\\n000. As before the end of 1711 he was able to pay \u00c2\u00a310,000\\nfor the estate of Bilton there is no doubt that the fruits of\\nhis political toils had been far from contemptible.\\nDuring the years between his return to England and his\\nfall from political power, Addison had written little that is\\nnoteworthy. Besides The Campaign and his Remarks on\\nSeveral Parts of Italy, he had helped Steele with The\\nTender Husband. In 1706 he had brought out Rosamond,\\nan unsuccessful opera, and in 1710 had started the Whig\\nExaminer in defence of the government. From May, 1709,\\nwhen he began his contributions to The Taller, he had been\\na somewhat regular contributor, writing in all forty-two of\\nits two hundred and seventy-one papers. After his fall\\nfrom power he united with Steele to plan a new paper,\\nThe Spectator, to be published daily instead of three times", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xxix\\na week as its predecessor had been. It is in The Spectator\\nthat we for the first time find the Addison whom we know\\nto-day. Circumstances were indeed singularly propitious\\nfor the work of the great moralist and man of letters. The\\nperiodical essay offered him the best possible means of\\nreaching his audience, and he was also working directly\\nwith Steele, the friend whose mind and methods most\\nhappily inspired and utilized his power.\\nBut tliough Addison s ultimate claim to greatness un-\\ndoubtedly rests on Tlie Spectator, perhaps the highest point\\nof his success with his contemporaries was marked by the\\nacting of Cato in April of 1713. In dramatic criticism\\nAddison is a classicist of classicists and he aimed in Cato\\nto produce a play true to his theories. Though many in\\nhis own day saw its dramatic weakness, its regularity of\\nconstruction and elegance of diction were universally\\napplauded. Those who, like Voltaire, believed in the\\ndramatic theory of Addison considered it one of the great\\nmasterpieces of the modern drama. Its temporary suc-\\ncess on the stage was, however, much less due to any in-\\nherent quality of the play than to the part it bore in the\\npolitical history of the time. Brought out at the instiga-\\ntion of his Whig friends, its lofty, if somewhat stilted,\\npatriotism was eagerly claimed by both Whigs and Tories,\\nwho vied with each other in praising and rewarding the\\nactors who declaimed such patriotic sentiments.\\nIn the years 1713 and 1714 Addison withdrew somewhat\\nfrom party struggles, beginning a book which he was\\nnever to finish on the Evidences of Christianity^ and\\nadding another volume to The Spectator. On the ac-\\ncession of George I. he was given a position under the\\ngovernment, and after a brief service as secretary of\\nthe lord justice, was appointed once more chief secretary\\nof the lord lieutenant of Ireland. While here he prob-\\nably wrote The Drummer, a play acted in 1715 and long", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "XXX INTRODUCTION\\nattributed to Steele. In the same year he came to the\\nrescue of the government, harassed by the rising in behalf\\nof the Pretender, as the supporter, in The Freeholder, of\\nconstitutional liberty. The social and political philosophy\\nof the Revolution of 1688 and of The Spectator are nowhere\\nmore clearly expressed than in the first number of The\\nFreeholder. At the same time he says that I de-\\nclare I am a Free-holder, I do not exclude myself from any\\nother Title. A Free-holder may be either a Voter, or a\\nKniglit of the Shire a Wit, or a Fox-hunter a Scholar,\\nor a Soldier an Alderman, or a Courtier a Patriot, or a\\nStock-jobber. But I choose to be distinguished by this\\nD ^nomination, as the Free-holder is the Basis of all other\\nTitles. Dignities may be grafted upon it but this is the\\nsubstantial Stock, that conveys to them their Life, Taste,\\nand Beauty and without which they are Blossoms, that\\nwould fall away with every Shake of Wind. On this\\nbasis Addison works out his philosophy of government in\\nthe fifty-five papers of The Freeholder, giving us essays on\\ngovernment in general modified by distinctively English\\nideas, and thus well representing the Complexion of the\\nTimes in which they were written.\\nAlmost immediately after the publication of Tlie Free-\\nholder, Addison was made one of the commissioners for\\ntrade and colonies, and soon afterwards he married the\\nCountess of Warwick, to whom according to common re-\\nport he had for many years been attached. In 1717 he was\\nappoi^^ted secretary of state, but after eleven months, prob-\\nably owing to ill-health, he resigned his office, with the\\nevident intention of devoting himself to literature. Once\\nmore, however, the government demanded his help, and\\nhis answer, in The Old Whig, to Steele s opposition to the\\nPeerage Bill, was the final cause of an estrangement be-\\ntween the life-long friends, which lasted till Addison s\\ndeath on the seventeenth of June, 1719.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xxxi\\nAddison s fortunes take us into the very neart of his\\nage, but of Addison the man we know curiously little.\\nThe anecdotes and reports about his private life are sin-\\ngularly untrustworthy. We are told that he drank to\\nexcess and that his marriage was unhappy but the most\\ncompetent testimony flatly contradicts these statements.\\nIn an age when the quarrels of men of letters were aggra-\\nvated by the quarrels of party there was more than the\\nusual likelihood of prejudice and misrepresentation. In\\nsome of these quarrels Addison was deeply involved, and,\\nthough their causes are but imperfectly understood, the\\nresulting acrimony has done much to obscure our knowl-\\nedge of his real character. The attack of Pope, whose\\nvenomed lines live in the memory of all who have\\nheard of Addison, was the bitterest of these. Yet,\\nPeace to all such but were there one wliose fires\\nTrue genius kindles, and fair fame inspires\\nBlest with each talent and each art to please,\\nAnd born to write, converse, and live with ease\\nShould such a man, too fond to rule alone,\\nBear, like the Turk, no brother near the throne,\\nView him with scornful, yet with jealous eyes,\\nAnd hate for arts that caused himself to rise\\nDamn with faint praise, assent with civil leer,\\nAnd, without sneering, teach the rest to sneer\\nWilling to wound, and yet afraid to strike,\\nJust hint a fault, and hesitate dislike\\nAlike reserved to blame, or to commend,\\nA timorous foe, and a suspicious friend\\nDreading e en fools, by flatterers besieg d,\\nAnd so obliging, that he ne er obliged\\nLike Cato, give his little senate laws.\\nAnd sit attentive to his own applause\\nWhile wits and Templars every sentence raise,\\nAnd wonder with a foolish face of praise\\nWho but must kiugh, if such a man there be\\nWho would not weep, if Atticus were he\\nEpistle to Dr. Arbuthnot, lines 193-214.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "xxxii INTRODUCTION\\nafter all, it is in his own character that the chief obstacle\\nto knowing him lies. Shy, reserved, never fully him-\\nself save in the society of a chosen few, he has left the\\n)rd of his personality only in his works. Pope and\\nSwift, the only men of his generation who could be\\ncompared with him, have bared their souls to our knowl-\\nedge and, though the mystery of human nature still eludes\\nus, we know them as we know our neighbors and ourselves.\\nOf direct self-revelation Addison gives us little or nothing.\\nObserver and humorist, he treats himself lightly, if he\\nVtpuches on himself at all. It is his art to show us the\\nvaried and many-sided life of his time, to shed on its\\npathos and meanness and vulgarity the light of a kindly\\nand irradiating humor. And so it is that by understand-\\ning his work we best come to understand the man, who,\\nreserved and unapproachable in his private life, revealed\\nin his writings the whole compass of his soul.\\nRICHARD STEELE.\\nOf the family of Richard Steele and of the circum-\\nstances of his early life we know comparatively little.\\nThe date of his birth was long uncertain, and only by the\\ncareful sifting of seemingly contradictory facts has it been\\nfixed as the twelfth of March, 1672. Steele tells us himself\\nthat he was an Englishman born in the city of Dublin,\\nbut we know nothing of his mother, and of his father no\\nmore than that he was an attorney, and died when Steele was\\nless than five years old. It is characteristic that Steele tells\\nus the effect produced on him by the circumstances of his\\nchildhood rather than the facts themselves. In a number\\nof The Tatler, written on a day dedicated to the Memory\\nof such in another Life as I much delighted in when liv-\\ning, Steele tells us that his father s death caused him the", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "RICHARD STEELE.\\nAfter the painting by J. Richardson.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xxxiii\\nfirst sense of sorrow he ever knew. The picture of his\\nmother, a very beautiful Woman of a noble Spirit, keep-\\ning a Dignity in her Grief amidst all the Wilclness of her\\nTransport, is perhaps touched by the idealization of the\\nmemories of childhood, but we may well believe that the\\natmosphere of sorrow in which he lived unduly stimulated\\nand developed his natural sensibility. His own judgment\\nof its influence is characteristic and interesting. Living\\nin the midst of a grief that he did not understand, he im-\\nbibed, he says, Commiseration, Eemorse, and an un-\\nmanly Gentleness of Mind, which has since insnared me\\ninto Ten Thousand Calamities, and from whence I can\\nreap no Advantage, except it be, that in such an Humour\\nas I am now in, I can the better indulge myself in the\\nSoftnesses of Humanity, and enjoy that sweet Anxiety\\nwhich arises from the Memory of past Afflictions.\\nSteele s mother did not long survive his father, and the\\nchild fell to the charge of his uncle, Henry Gascoigne,\\nprivate secretary and confidential adviser to the Duke of\\nOrmond. This uncle was a faithful guardian, and Steele s\\nletters to him written from the Charterhouse and Oxford\\nindicate the kindliest of relations between him and his\\nward. In 1684, probably on the recommendation of the\\nDuke of Ormond, then one of the governors of the Charter-\\nhouse, Steele was nominated to the school. The most\\nsignificant event of his life there was the beginning of his\\nfriendship with Addison, who entered the Charterhouse\\nas a private pupil in 1686. The fatherless Steele visited\\nhis friend in the Lichfield deanery during his vacations,\\nand perhaps there found the ideal of that domestic purity\\nand happiness of which he was so strenuous an upholder.\\nThat his work was as fruitful as his play we may infer\\nfrom his fair classical scholarship and from his creditable\\nrecord at Christ Church, to which in 1689 he was elected\\nscholar. A letter to his uncle dated May 14, 1690, concern-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "xxxiv INTRODUCTION\\ning the getting of a scholarship, or studentship, says\\nthat he is satisfied he stands fair in the favor of the dean,\\nand that he has been highly recommended by Dr. Ellis,\\nthe Ever-Honour d Tutor/ of whom he later speaks.\\nThe studentship was not obtained, but it was probably\\nthrough his uncle s influence with his great friends that\\nSteele was given the postmastership of Merton. Beyond\\nthis piece of seventeenth century university politics there\\nare few records of Steele s academic career. His friend-\\nship with Addison undoubtedly continued, though our\\nknowledge of it rests wholly on Steele s later statement.\\nThere is also what Mr. Dobson calls a scant chronicle of\\nhis academic life to the effect that another friend, Mr.\\nParker of Merton, condemned a comedy written by him to\\nthe flames. The best authenticated and the pleasantest\\nrecord of his Oxford life is the much quoted statement\\nthat when he left the university he took with him the\\nlove of the whole society,\\nWhile Steele and Addison were living in the academic\\nseclusion of Oxford the country was stirred to the depths\\nby war. It was therefore natural that Steele, active in\\ntemperament and heartily in sympathy with revolutionary\\nprinciples, should respond to the call to arms. The\\ndetails of his entering the army and of his early life in it\\nare unknown. But the period of our ignorance is brief.\\nIn 1694 his name still appears in the college records. In\\nMarch, 1695, he wrote The Procession, whose title-page tells\\nus that its author was a gentleman of the army. This\\nelegy, which could do little for Steele s literary fame, seems\\nto have advanced his temporal interests Lord Cutts, to\\nwhom it was dedicated, at once became his friend, before\\nthe end of the year obtaining for him a commission in the\\nColdstream Guards and soon after making him his con-\\nfidential secretary. Besides this moderate success in his\\nprofession we find that Steele was a frequenter of AVill s", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION XXXY\\nCoffee-house and already prominent among the wits of the\\ntown.\\nEven in these years when politics, literature, and society\\nmust have absorbed the great part of his energy, Steele s\\nmoral bent clearly showed itself. Its first noteworthy mani-\\nfestation was the publication of a much derided, little read\\nbook, The Christian Hero. He clearly stated his motive\\nfor writing it in tlie famous Apology for Himself and His\\nWritings. Exposed to the irregularities of a soldier s life,\\nand feeling himself unable to live up to his virtuous resolu-\\ntions, \\\\\\\\Q writ, for his own private Use, a little Book\\ncalled The Christian Hero, with a Design principally to\\nfix upon his own Mind a strong Impression of Virtue and\\nKeligion, in Opposition to a stronger Propensity towards\\nunwarrantable Pleasures. But the writing of the book\\nwas not enough, and he therefore published it *Mn hopes\\nthat a standing Testimony against himself, and the Eyes\\nof the World (that is to say of his Acquaintance) upon\\nhim in a new Light, might curb his Desires, and make him\\nashamed of understanding and seeming to feel what was\\nVirtuous, and living so quite contrary a Life.\\nWith this little book of Steele s, now forgotten and de-\\nservedly forgotten, we see coming to the front that spirit\\nof practical religion which was the inspiration of the\\nbest men of the age of Anne. But Steele s champion-\\nship of so good a cause did little more at the time than\\nmake him ridiculous in the eyes of his companions, who,\\nnot unnaturally, soon came to reckon as a disagreeable\\nFellow the professed preacher whom they had before in\\nSteele s modest phrase regarded as no undelightful\\nCompanion. The worldly wisdom with which he so often\\nacted is curiously shown in his next literary venture.\\nThe Funeral or Grief a la Mode, a comedy written with\\nthe double purpose of making virtue attractive and re-\\ntrieving his reputation as a wit. In this attempt after a", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "xxxvi INTRODUCTION\\npurer drama than the licentious Restoration plays, Steele\\nwas at one with the best sentiment of his time. Jeremy\\nCollier s 81iort Vieio of the Immorality and Profanity of the\\nEnglish Stage had expressed the conviction of the better\\npart of the community in its arraignment of the theatre as\\na chief means of public corruption. Even the offending\\ndramatists admitted the truth of his indictment Dryden\\npublicly acknowledged the error of his ways, and a young\\nwriter of Steele s moral earnestness was inevitably borne\\nalong with the current setting toward reform. His later\\ncomedies, The Lying Lover (1703) and The Tender Hus-\\nland (1705) are so weighted with sentiment and instruc-\\ntion that they fail as plays, but The Fimeraly in spite of its\\ndirect moral purpose, shows Steele s power as an observer\\nand critic of the social life of his day. It had the fortune\\nof a successful presentation, while its two successors were\\nplayed but six nights each. It is worth noticing that\\nThe Tender Husband received, according to Steele, many\\napplauded strokes from Addison, who also contributed a\\nprologue to it.\\nBetween 1705 and 1722 Steele wrote no plays. There\\nwere many reasons why he could not at that time devote\\nhimself to the drama. One of the popular wits of the day\\nand known as an author of repute, he was yet deeply em-\\nbarrassed in his financial affairs. His marriage in 1705 to\\nMargaret Ford Stretch, whether a marriage of love or\\nof ambition, widened his financial outlook, while involving\\nhim in endless entanglements and disappointments. The\\nyear after his marriage he left the army, and soon after\\nhis wife died. Within a twelvemonth he had married\\nMary Scurlock, a young woman of much apparent\\ncharm and of fair expectations. Of her character we know\\nlittle. She seems to have been a woman of noble nature\\nand impulses, though not without the unreasonableness and\\ncaprice of the spoiled beauty. At all events, Steele s", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xxxvii\\ndevotion knew no check and the letters to his Dear\\nPrue/ begun in the days of their courtship and continued\\ntill Mrs. Steele s death, prove not only his fidelity through\\ngood and evil days, but the essential kindliness and\\nlovableness of his often erring nature.\\nIn the various and absorbing activities that filled Steele s\\nlife from 1705 to 1707 there stands out one fact of great busi-\\nness significance. In 1707 Steele obtained a government\\nposition as gazetteer with a salary of \u00c2\u00a3300 a year. Tlie\\neditor of TJie Gazette had the most thankless of tasks. As\\nthe official organ of the government the paper had to be\\nkept very innocent and very insipid, yet, however in-\\nnocuous, it failed to please a portion of its readers. The\\nchief importance of Steele s new work was the turn it\\ngave to his literary labors. With the example of such jour-\\nnals as Defoe s Revieiu and Dunton s Athenian Mercury y\\nhe quickly saw the advantage of his position for the edit-\\ning of an independent newspaper. It was thus that The\\nTatler came into existence. Even in its early numbers, as\\nMr. Dobson has shown by an analysis of its table of con-\\ntents, it laid down the programme for the essay-periodical\\ninto which it later developed and Avhich was best rep-\\nresented by The Spectator. Steele s character and experi-\\nence inevitably made him the pioneer in this new depar-\\nture of journalism. The embarrassment of his finances\\nurged him to undertake so promising a financial venture\\nhis experience as a man of the world gave his work the\\npolite tone that assured popularity his kindly humanity\\nbrought him into touch with all sorts and conditions of\\nthe men of his day. The range of his interests, the\\nrichness of his subject-matter, show conclusively how\\nvarious was his sympathy, and how constantly it was\\ndirected toward the improvement of the age in which he\\nlived.\\nSteele s work in The Tatler and Tlie Spectator marks", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "xxxviii INTRODUCTION\\nthe climax of his greatness as a man of letters. Hereafter\\nhis activity knew no abatement^ but it was directed almost\\nwholly toward affairs of state. The political interests\\nthat had colored his papers in The TatleVy and perhaps\\nled to its discontinuance, were scarcely held in check\\nduring the years when he worked for The Spectator and\\nno sooner had it ceased than he appeared under the\\ncharacter of The Guardian^ a paper in which politics\\nbore an important part. But the possibilities of The\\nGuardian could not satisfy Steele s political ardor. With\\nthe failing health of Queen Anne, party spirit ran higher\\nand higher, and even the calmer of the Whigs believed\\nthe Protestant succession and constitutional government\\nin grave peril. Steele, who had in 1710 lost his gazetteer-\\nship and been appointed commissioner of stamps, re-\\nsigned tlie latter position in 1713, and at the same time\\ngave up his pension as Prince George s gentleman-in-\\nwaiting, which position he had held since 1706. Freed\\nfrom dependence on the government, he entered Parlia-\\nment and edited such political journals as The English-\\nman, wrote his famous pamphlet Ttie Crisis, and founded\\nthe semi-political Lover and Reader. Of the political\\npamphlets by far the most universally interesting is the\\none entitled Mr. Steele s Apologt/ for Hiinself and His\\nWintings Occasioned hy His Expulsion from the House of\\nCommons. The circumstances that called it forth demand-\\ned some account of his political career, but it states as well\\nthe purpose and scope of his life-work and is perhaps the\\nmost valuable of his autobiographical writings.\\nThe landing of George I., with its practical solution of\\nthe unsettled political questions, turned the tide of Steele s\\nfortunes. Restored to power with his party and again\\nelected to Parliament, he at the same time received the\\nmore satisfactory and substantial favor of being made, on\\nthe petition of its managers, one of the patentees of Drury", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION XXXix\\nLane Theatre. This office was doubly grateful to Steele,\\nas given in recognition of his earlier services to the stage\\nand as assuring him an income of from \u00c2\u00a3700 to \u00c2\u00a31000.\\nThe closing years of Steele s life were comparatively\\nuneventful. In 1716 he acted as commissioner of for-\\nfeited estates for Scotland, but the accounts of his trip\\nare on the whole meagre.. He issued several short-lived\\nsuccessors of the journals of his greater age Town-Talk,\\nTea-TaMe, and Chit-Cliat and in 1716 published Ad-\\ndison s comedy of The Drummer, long attributed to\\nSteele himself. In 1718 Lady Steele died, and in 1722\\nwas produced his last play, llie Conscious Lovers, which\\nwas successful enough to encourage Steele to work once\\nmore for the stage. His health was, however, failing, and\\nthe few remaining years of his life were spent in retire-\\nment. It is pleasant to know that, though his money\\naffairs still dragged on their obscure and involved history,\\nSteele probably died free of debt and of the most harass-\\ning financial embarrassments.\\nSteele s character has suffered greatly at the hands of his\\nbiographers. His own modesty in speaking of his relations\\nwith Addison has given occasion for the unfavorable con-\\ntrasts of Macaulay and for Thackeray s pitying treatment\\nof poor Dick Steele. Yet in spite of the wrongs done\\nby friend and foe, Steele lives ip literary history as one of\\nthe most vivid and engaging of its personalities. He was\\nthe man of affairs rather than the man of letters. In\\nhis literary ventures he showed himself the moralist or\\neditor rather than the literary artist. It is for this\\nreason that our interest centres in him rather than in his\\nworks, and that he is, after Swift, the best known and\\nmost fascinating of the individualities of his time. There\\nis, indeed, as in the case of his greater contemporary,\\nmuch to condemn. Impulsive and tender-hearted, he\\nlacks the virtues of the stoic, and leads the life of his", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "Xl INTRODUCTION\\nchoice after a precarious and somewhat undignified\\nfashion. Yet it is well to remember that even in a\\nmaterial way his life was not a failure, while many of his\\nmoral and intellectual qualities are the sure passport to\\nour love and admiration. He was severe in self-judgment\\nand kindly to the faults of others, strenuous in pursuit of\\nhigh moral ideals, urbane and courteous in intercourse\\nwith his fellows. To these virtues he added a vigor of\\ninitiative that made him a power in his own generation.\\nHis influence on his time can hardly be expressed better\\nthan in the words of his contemporary and friend, John\\nGay, who, in The Present State of Wit, gives the follow-\\ning account of Steele s work in Tlie Tatler\\nIt is incredible to conceive the effect his writings\\nhave had upon the Town how many thousand follies\\nthey have either quite banished or given a very great\\ncheck to how much countenance they have added to\\nVirtue and Religion how many people they have rendered\\nhappy, by showing them it was their own fault if they\\nwere not so and, lastly, how entirely they have convinced\\nour young fops and young fellows of the value and ad-\\nvantages of Learning\\nHe has indeed rescued it out of the hands of pedants,\\nand fools, and discovered the true method of making it\\namiable and lovely to all mankind. In the dress he gives\\nit, it is a most welcome guest at tea-tables and assemblies,\\nand is relished and caressed by the merchants on the\\nChange. Accordingly there is not a Lady at Court, nor\\na Banker in Lombard Street, who is not verily persuaded\\nthat Captain Steele is the greatest Scholar and best Casuist\\nof any man in England.\\nLastly, his writings have set all our Wits and Men\\nof Letters on a new way of Thinking, of which they had\\nlittle or no notion before and, although we cannot say\\nthat any of them have come up to the beauties of the", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION xli\\noriginal, I think we may venture to affirm, that every one\\nof them writes and thinks much more justly than they did\\nsome time since.\\nEUSTACE BUDGELL.\\nEustace Budgell, the son of a clergyman and a first\\ncousin of Addison, was born in 1686. He attended\\nTrinity College, Oxford, entered the Inner Temj^le, and\\nwas called to the bar, but, probably through the influence\\nof Addison, turned from his profession to literature and\\npolitics. When secretary in Ireland, Addison made him a\\nclerk in his office, and in 1717 secured for him the place\\nof accountant-general. He was one of the writers for\\nThe Spectator J contributing in all thirty-seven papers to\\nit. He is usually regarded as a successful imitator of\\nAddison, but Boswell repeats a current rumor when he\\nsays that Addison mended so much [of Budgell s papers]\\nthat they were almost his own.\\nBudgell s success was of short duration. He lost his\\nposition in Ireland through a quarrel with the lord\\nlieutenant. Twenty thousand pounds, the greater part\\nof his fortune, vanished in the South Sea Bubble, and\\nhe spent \u00c2\u00a35000 more in a futile attempt to enter Par-\\nliament. He not only fell into extreme misery, but was\\naccused of doubtful financial transactions, and especially\\nof forging a will of Matthew Tindal in his own favor.\\nFinally he committed suicide in 1637. Of his writings,\\nbesides his contributions to The Spectator and to The Bee\\n(1733-35), the most important were the translation of The\\nCharacters of Theophrastus (1714) and Some Memoirs of\\nthe Life and Character of the Late Earl of Orrery and the\\nFamily of the Boyles,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "xlii\\nINTRODUCTION\\na;\\na\\nMi\\nO.S2\\nPs CO\\nn\\nHO\\n2 s\\n03\\nfl|\\n3\\nO\\n05\\nO O\\na\\nv\\nbe\\nb PI\\n=1-1\\n0) o\\nd\\nQ,\\n_1. -w\\noj a\\n03\\n(V\\nmo\\nr- S t^ r^ 03 _\\nS [a S 3\\nS-i C^ kC^\\nc3\\n.2 T) 3\\na o\\no.\\nc8\\nu\\nho\\no\\na\\ne3\\nce s\\nGO (-i\\nSo\\no\\na^\\nl 03 fc\\no3^\\naPnlJ\\na Ph Pm\\n3 c5 a a g\\nh !D 0)\\na..\\n03 u\\napLi\\nP3\\nj^\\na\\nQ\\na\\n111\\no\\n,a v\\n11\\nt) Q\\n2\\nOS\\noO\\no\\n0*\\n22 o\\ngo\\n\u00c2\u00a9a\\nU Ih?\\n(1) 0) S-i\\n+3 -ti O\\na a\\na t*\\no\\nafl\\nO\\nj j i~-\\nc\u00c2\u00a9\\nto\\n00 GO\\nO CD\\nto CO", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION\\nxliii\\n02\\nce\\n(Do\\nO (D^j\\ntj M bc-ri\\na\\no\\nO\\ng\\ncya\\n0 i-i\\ncS CI\\nP5\\n!35\\nrr^\\nO\\nCo\\nP y\\n0)\\nC.H o\\na\\n03 h-\\n5(-l rH CD\\nO 0)\\n-a\\n1\u00c2\u00a7\\nC O\\nM\\nCO\\no\\no\\nD 0)\\ne\\nOv-i\\n\u00c2\u00abt-l TT\\nO 0)\\n.2\\nCO o\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a22 =8\\n0) M\\nJ\\ng CO\\nOh C^\\nr.-. o\\nH fiO\\nc8 3\\nSo\\nV.\\neS V ;g\\n03 _^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0.Si\\no\\nQ,CO-Ti\\niS-coS^S\\nO V\\n6\u00c2\u00a3 O V\\na\\no\\nu-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a01, o\\n03\\nCO Ci. Q CO Ss CO\\nS IS 5\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a05 ce 1^ Jo 3\\n^8\\nSi\\no o\\na\\np 9\\nJ- 03\\n00\\n:6\\n?S t *3 CO\\noj^ at-\\na o^\\n03 0) ij\\n;gSg\u00c2\u00a7\\nO H\\n0-1 (D\\no a\\n0) 0)\\no\\n0) 3\\nCO ^1\\nO) o\\n.S tD\\no a\\n3 O 03\\nrJ CO\\n.112\\ne a+^\\nso-\\nOtH", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "xliv\\nINTRODUCTION\\nK\\nS S\\nH\\nCM\\no\\no a\\n0)\\nu\\n03\\nS O\\nO ft\\n03\\na\\na\\no-\\nS\\no\\n:=:o\\n(V\\nCD C3\\nU\\nODCQ\\n1-1 O 1^\\nm\\nw O\\n1^\\na c8\\nc3\\nO\\no\\nft\\nc\u00c2\u00ab\\nu\\nbD\\nO\\nm\\na\\nc8\\ncc\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a25 S^r^\\n8\\n8\\nJ3 8\\n5* S\\n8\\n8 5\\no 5\\n43 _0\\n8 8^0 3 S *3\\n2 8^^^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0g an\\nc\\no\\nJ=i 8\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0g gSQ\\n8\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a22^\\n-S .2\\n0^8 8\\nS\\no o\\nU\\n8\\nO a\\nTO _c:\u00c2\u00bb\\n03 a\\nio\\n03\\na\\n-73 i^ a fcl\\nSi\\nV\\n-4-3\\n\u00c2\u00abM\\nO N\\nUt\\noi bo\\nS to\\nO eg\\na\\nS M\\nu ft\\nes o\\n0)\\n05 r\\n8j\\ngo\\n8-^\\nI?\\n\u00c2\u00ab2 CQ\\nu u\\nO D\\ni=i S^\\noiJO\\nc 5 ft\\nJ a 0)\\n(D OD\\nu\\no\\nPS-^\\n2^\\nS 5? 9 a\\no fto ce\\n8 O.-\\no o C O\\n05 1\\n03 1.1\\no a\\nt- s a o\\nT O\\nJ- W\\n\u00c2\u00bb5\\nI bD\\no-\\nO^ft\\n8 S cc\\nO bD", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION\\nxlv\\na\\neS\\na a g\\no u\\nOJ t\u00c2\u00bb\\nci bo\\na) CO 1^\\nQ\\nK* to\\n3 D\\nO o -i\\nS a\\n-11 Ph\\n1) c\\nlis\\nCS 5 M\\n0:1\\n9 u\\n:a ce a\\no\\nUcffi\\naM 03 \u00c2\u00abj^\\nlu a\\nD O\\nS\\npq 5\\ntw\\nCo\\n0 O c8\\nf^\\nw O\\n-s\\naaj-jj\\nS a;a\\n.0 c8 I-\\nrK s a C4J CO\\ns c6 !r o)\\nW-iS W-4J ?^\u00e2\u0080\u009e+3\\n5\\nSo\\nc3=*-i CO\\na\\no\\n6 =0 o\\ng, ;s :0 -g t:\\na\\no\\n0)\\nc2\\no\\n=1-1\\na\\nO-\\n^8\\n2!\u00c2\u00bb\\nOi\\n3-2 fl\\nso^aS\\n3 a\\nI--\\n2^ S\\no r^\\nti) S S\\nCO _c^ -r^ 1^ WW L- OJl M\\n-\u00c2\u00abs-\\nc3H taca.\\ng;\\ncS\\nP-,\\nT a\\na\u00c2\u00ab\\npq\\nli\\nf\u00c2\u00ab\\nbo\\nTS\\n::2\\na\\ne\\nope Windsor Forest\\nPrologue to Cato.\\nOde for St. Cecilia^ s Day.\\nwift Importance of\\nGuardian considered.\\na\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2si\\na\\nS3\\n0,\\n0(-H\\n1\\na?\\n.2\\nft Si\\n0\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nay Trivia.\\nope Transla\\nIliad. Vol. I.\\nBooks L-IV.).\\nro a\\nc8\\nOi\\n4;\\n0^\\nP-i w\\np^\\nOd^\\nQ\\nP.\\nce\\nhi w\\ng3\\n0) *-i\\nA go\\no S\\nu 1-1 a\\n+i o\\nM^ c8 O\\n1/3 +a J\\nO*^ 3 d\\n+e r/) D a\\na-;^ \u00c2\u00abj cs\\no in\\n1 o\\na ij\\nJ- .a\\nw a\\nr P\\nlO to\\nth a; c3\\n+J T\\n05 iJ CO O\\n5 0 tD\\n4J a tM\\no o\\n8l\\nla\\na^\\no.a\\nr2\\nsa\\n^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0S ^2^S\u00c2\u00a3 B^w\\n1; W) u cS w\\ncs CO\\n55 o o\\nP3\\n05\\n^S\\no\\n-(J S- -u\\naj\\n^jTJ\\nj3 03 PI\\n5 hca\\nn\\nO co.S\\ny-t P\u00c2\u00ab", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "xlvi\\nINTRODUCTION\\nW\\nu\\no\\n0)\\nO\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a273\\nd\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2d\\na be\\nc3 a\\no fe\\nI\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I t, IS\\nO _\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2o\\na\\no\\na; Oi 1)\\no aj\\nSa o\\ne3\\nO\\nE3\\no\\n3\\n?!J\\ntl5\\nO 0)\\no\\nOP\\nc^ a s\\nOSPiP-i\\ns\\ns\\nO fl o\\nM o M\\ns|a\\nO P o\\ne S. s\\ns\\n8\\n05^\\ng +3 O 5\\n.Si s\\n2 \u00c2\u00abc S\\nJ o\\no s ^--s\\n5 o\\n10 50\\n?i", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY\\nI. THE SPECTATOR.\\nNo. 1.] Thursday, March 1, 1711. [Addison.\\nNonfumum ex fidgore, sed ex fumo dare lucein\\nCogitat, ut speciosa dehinc miracida prornat.\\nHorace, Ars Poetica, 143.\\nI HAVE observed that a reader seldom peruses a book\\nwith pleasure till he knows whether the writer of it be a\\nblack or a fair man, of a mild or choleric disposition,\\nmarried or a bachelor, with other particulars of the like\\n5 nature, that conduce very much to the right understand-\\ning of an author. To gratify this curiosity, which is so\\nnatural to a reader, I design this paper and my next as\\nprefatory discourses to my following writings, and shall\\ngive some account in them of the several persons that are\\n10 engaged in this work. As the chief trouble of compiling,\\ndigesting, and correcting, will fall to my share, I must\\ndo myself the justice to open the work with my own\\nhistory.\\nI was born to a small hereditary estate, which, accord-\\n15ing to the tradition of the village where it lies, was\\nbounded by the same hedges and ditches in William the\\nConqueror s time that it is at present, and has been de-\\nlivered down from father to son whole and entire, with-\\nout the loss or acquisition of a single field or meadow,\\n20 during the space of six hundred years. There runs a", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "2 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 1.\\nstory in the family, that, before my birth, my mother\\ndreamt that she was delivered of a judge. Whether this\\nmight proceed from a lawsuit which was then depending\\nin the family, or my father s being a justice of the peace,\\n25 I cannot determine for I am not so vain as to think it\\npresaged any dignity that I should arrive at in my future\\nlife, though that was the interpretation which the neigh-\\nbourhood put upon it. The gravity of my behaviour at\\nmy very first appearance in the world and during my baby-\\n30 hood, seemed to favour my mother s dream for, as she\\nhas often told me, I threw aAvay my rattle before I was\\ntwo months old, and would not make use of my coral till\\nthey had taken away the bells from it.\\nAs for the rest of my infancy, there being nothing in\\n35 it remarkable, I shall pass it over in silence. I find, that,\\nduring my nonage, I had the reputation of a very sullen\\nyouth, but was always a favourite of my schoolmaster, who\\nused to say, that my parts were solid, and would wear\\nwell. I had not been long at the University, before I\\n40 distinguished myself by a most profound silence .for,\\nduring the space of eight years, excepting in the public\\nexercises of the college, I scarce uttered the quantity of\\nan hundred words and indeed do not remember that I\\never spoke three sentences together in my v/hole life.\\n45 Whilst I was in this learned body, I applied myself with\\nso much diligence to my studies, that there are very few\\ncelebrated books, either in the learned or the modern\\ntongues, which I am not acquainted with.\\nUpon the death of my father, I was resolved to travel\\n50 into foreign countries, and therefore left the University\\nwith the character of an odd unaccountable fellow, that\\nhad a great deal of learning, if I would but show it. An\\ninsatiable thirst after knowledge carried me into all the\\ncountries of Europe in which there was anything new or\\n55 strange to be seen nay, to such a degree was my curiosity^", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "No. 1.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLET 3\\nraised, that having read the controversies of some great\\nmen concerning the antiquities of Egypt, I made a\\nvoyage to Grand Cairo, on purpose to take the measure\\nof a pyramid and, as soon as I had set myself right in\\n60 that particuhar, returned to my native country with great\\nsatisfaction.\\nI have passed my latter years in this city, where I am\\nfrequently seen in most public places, though there are\\nnot above half a dozen of my select friends that know\\n65 me of whom my next paper shall give a more particular\\naccount. There is no place of general resort wherein I\\ndo not often make my appearance sometimes I am seen\\nthrusting my head into a round of politicians at Will s,\\nand listening with great attention to the narratives that\\n70 are made in those little circular audiences. Sometimes I\\nsmoke a pipe at Child s, and, while I seem attentive to\\nnothing but The Postman, overhear the conversation of\\nevery table in the room. I appear on Sunday nights at\\nSt. James s coHee-house, and sometimes join the little\\n75 committee of politics in the inner room, as one who\\ncomes there to hear and improve. My face is likewise\\nvery well known at the Grecian, the Cocoa Tree, and in\\nthe theatres both of Drury Lane and the Hay Market. I\\nhave been taken for a merchant upon the Exchange for\\n80 above these ten years, and sometimes pass for a Jew in\\nthe assembly of stock-jobbers at Jonathan s. In short,\\nwherever I see a cluster of people, I always mix with\\nthem, though I never open my lips but in my own club.\\nThus I live in the world rather as a spectator of man-\\n85 kind than as one of the species by which means I have\\nmade myself a speculative statesman, soldier, merchant,\\nand artisan, without ever meddling with any practical part\\nin life. I am very well versed in the theory of an husband\\nor a father, and can discern the errors in the economy,\\nSObusiness^ and diversion of others, better than those who", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "4 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 1.\\nare engaged in them as standers-by discover blots, which\\nare apt to escape those who are in the game. I never es-\\npoused any party with violence, and am resolved to ob-\\nserve an exact neutrality between the AVhigs and Tories,\\n95 unless I shall be forced to declare myself by the hostilities\\nof either side. In short, I have acted in all the parts of\\nmy life as a looker-on, which is the character I intend to\\npreserve in this paper.\\nI have given the reader just so much of my history and\\n100 character, as to let him see I am not altogether unqualified\\nfor the business I have undertaken. As for other partic-\\nulars in my life and adventures, I shall insert them in\\nfollowing papers, as I shall see occasion. In the mean\\ntime, when I consider how much I have seen, read, and\\n105 heard, I begin to blame my own taciturnity and since\\nI have neither time nor inclination to communicate the\\nfulness of my heart in speech, I am resolved to do it in\\nwriting, and to print myself out, if possible, before I die.\\nI have been often told by my friends, that it is pity so\\n110 many useful discoveries which I have made should be in\\nthe possession of a silent man. For this reason, there-\\nfore, I shall publish a sheet full of thoi^hts every morn-\\ning, for the benefit of my contemporaries and if I can\\nany way contribute to the diversion or improvement of\\n115 the country in which I live, I shall leave it when I am\\nsummoned out of it, with the secret satisfaction of think-\\ning that I have not lived in vain.\\nThere are three very material points which I have not\\nspoken to in this paper, and which, for several important\\n120 reasons, I must keep to myself, at least for some time\\nI mean, an account of my name, my age, and my lodg-\\nings. I must confess I would gratify my reader in any-\\nthing that is reasonable but as for these three partic-\\nulars, though I am sensible they might tend very much\\n125 to the embellishment of my paper, I cannot yet come to", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "No. 1.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 5\\na resolution of communicating them to the i3ublic. They\\nwould indeed draw me out of that obscurity which I have\\nenjoyed for many years, and expose me in public places\\nto several salutes and civilities, which have been always\\n130 very disagreeable to me; for the greatest pain I can\\nsuffer is the being talked to, and being stared at. It is\\nfor this reason likewise that I keep my complexion and\\ndress as very great secrets though it is not impossible\\nbut I may make discoveries of both in the progress of\\n135 the work I have undertaken.\\nAfter having been thus particular upon myself, I shall\\nin to-morrow s paper give an account of those gentlemen\\nwho are concerned with me in this work for, as I have\\nbefore intimated, a plan of it is laid and concerted (as all\\n140 other matters of importance are) in a club. However, as\\nmy friends have engaged me to stand in the front, those\\nwho have a mind to correspond with me may direct their\\nletters to Tlie Spectator, at Mr. Buckley s in Little Britain.\\nFor I must further acquaint the reader, that though our\\n145 club meets only on Tuesdays and Thursdays, we have ap-\\npointed a committee to sit every night, for the inspection\\nof all such papers as may contribute to the advancement\\nof the public weal.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "Q SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 3.\\nII. THE CLUB.\\nNo. 2.] Friday, March 2, 1711. [Steele.\\nAst alii sex,\\nEt plures, uno conclamant ore.\\nJuvenal, Satire vii. 167.\\nThe first of our society is a gentleman of Worcester-\\nshire, of ancient descent, a baronet, his name Sir Roger\\nde Coverley. His great-grandfather was inventor of that\\nfamous country dance which is called after him. All\\n5 who know that shire are very well acquainted with the\\nparts and merits of Sir Roger. He is a gentleman that\\nis very singular in his behaviour, but his singularities\\nproceed from his good sense, and are contradictions to\\nthe manners of the world only as he thinks the world\\n10 is in the wTong. However, this humour creates him no\\nenemies, for he does nothing with sourness or obstinacy\\nand his being unconfined to modes and forms makes him\\nbut the readier and more capable to please and oblige all\\nwho know him. When he is in town, he lives in Soho\\n15 Square. It is said he keeps himself a bachelor by reason\\nhe was crossed in love by a perverse beautiful widow of\\nthe next county to him. Before this disappointment.\\nSir Roger was what you call a fine gentleman, had often\\nsupped with my Lord Rochester and Sir George Etherege,\\n20 fought a duel upon his first coming to town, and kicked\\nBully Dawson in a public coffee-house for calling him\\nyoungster. But being ill-used by the above mentioned\\nwidow, he was very serious for a year and a half and\\nthough, his temper being naturally jovial, he at last got\\n25 over it, he grew careless of himself, and never dressed\\nafterwards. He continues to wear a coat and doublet of", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "No. 2.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY\\nthe same cut that were in fashion at the time of his re-\\npulse, which, in his merry humours, he tells us, has been\\nin and out twelve times since he first wore it. He is now\\n30 in his fifty-sixth year, cheerful, gay, and hearty keeps\\na good house in both town and counti*y a great lover of\\nmankind but there is such a mirthful cast in his beha-\\nviour, that he is rather beloved than esteemed. His ten-\\nants grow rich, his servants look satisfied, all the young\\n35 women profess love to him, and the young men are glad\\nof his company when he comes into the house he calls\\nthe servants by their names, and talks all the way upstairs\\nto a visit. I must not omit that Sir Eoger is a justice\\nof the quorum that he fills the chair at a quarter-session\\n40 with great abilities, and, three months ago, gained univer-\\nsal applause by explaining a passage in the Game Act.\\nThe gentleman next in esteem and authority among us\\nis another bachelor, who is a member of the Inner Temple,\\na man of great probity, wit, and understanding but he\\n45 has chosen his place of residence rather to obey the\\ndirection of an old humoursome father, than in pursuit of\\nhis own inclinations. He was placed there to study the\\nlaws of the land, and is the most learned of any of the\\nhouse in those of the stage. Aristotle and Longinus are\\n50 much better understood by him than Littleton or Coke.\\nThe father sends up every post questions relating to\\nmarriage-articles, leases, and tenures, in the neighbour-\\nhood all which questions he agrees with an attorney to\\nanswer and take care of in the lump. He is studying the\\n55 passions themselves, when he should be inquiring into the\\ndebates among men which arise from them. He knows\\nthe argument of each of the orations of Demosthenes and\\nTully, but not one case in the reports of our own courts.\\nNo one ever took him for a fool, but none, except his\\n60 intimate friends, know he has a great deal of wit. This\\nturn makes him at once both disinterested and agreeable", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "8 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY No. 2.]\\nas few of his thoughts are drawn from business, they are\\nmost of them fit for conversation. His taste of books is\\na little too just for the age he lives in he has read all,\\n65 but approves of very few. His familiarity with the\\ncustoms, manners, actions, and writings of the ancients\\nmakes him a very delicate observer of what occurs to him\\nin the present world. He is an excellent critic, and the\\ntime of the play is his hour of business exactly at five he\\n70 passes through New Inn, crosses through Russell Court,\\nand takes a turn at Will s till the play begins he has his\\nshoes rubbed and his periwig powdered at the barber s as\\nyou go into the Rose. It is for the good of the audience\\nwhen he is at a play, for the actors have an ambition to\\n75 please him.\\nThe person of next consideration is Sir Andrew Free-\\nport, a merchant of great eminence in the city of London,\\na person of indefatigable industry, strong reason, and great\\nexperience. His notions of trade are noble and generous,\\n80 and (as every rich man has usually some sly way of jest-\\ning, which would make no great figure were he not a rich\\nman) he calls the sea the British Common. He is ac-\\nquainted with commerce in all its jDarts, and will tell you\\nthat it is a stupid and barbarous way to extend dominion\\n85 by arms for true power is to be got by arts and in-\\ndustry. He will often argue that if this part of our trade\\nwere well cultivated, we should gain from one nation\\nand if another, from another. I have heard him jorove\\nthat diligence makes more lasting acquisitions than valour,\\n90 and that sloth has ruined more nations than the sword.\\nHe abounds in several frugal maxims, amongst which the\\ngreatest favourite is, A penny saved is a penny got. A\\ngeneral trader of good sense is pleasanter company than\\na general scholar and Sir Andrew having a natural un-^\\n95 affected eloquence, the perspicuity of his discourse gives\\nthe same pleasure that wit would in another man. He", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "No. 2.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 9\\nhas made his fortunes himself, and says that England\\nmay be richer than other kingdoms by as plain methods\\nas he himself is richer than other men though at the\\n100 same time I can say this of him, that there is not a point\\nin the compass but blows home a ship in which he is\\nan owner.\\nXext to Sir Andrew in the club-room sits Captain\\nSentry, a gentleman of great courage, good understand-\\n105 ing, but invincible modesty. He is one of those that\\ndeserve very well, but are very awkward at putting their\\ntalents within the observation of such as should take\\nnotice of them. He was some years a captain, and be-\\nhaved himself with great gallantry in several engagements\\n110 and at several sieges but having a small estate of his\\nown, and being next heir to Sir Roger, he has quitted a\\nway of life in which no man can rise suitably to his\\nmerit Avho is not something of a courtier as well as a\\nsoldier. I have heard him often lament that in a pro-\\n115 fession where merit is placed in so conspicuous a view,\\nimpudence should get the better of modesty. When\\nhe has talked to this purpose I never heard him make\\na sour expression, but frankly confess that he left the\\nworld because he was not fit for it. A strict honesty and\\n120 an even, regular behaviour are in themselves obstacles to\\nhim that must press through crowds, who endeavour at\\nthe same end with himself, the favour of a commander.\\nHe will, however, in this way of talk excuse generals for\\nnot disposing according to men s desert, or inquiring into\\n125 it ^^for, says he, that great man who has a mind to\\nhelp me, has as many to break through to come at me,\\nas I have to come at him therefore he will conclude,\\nthat the man who would make a figure, especially in a\\nmilitary way, must get over all false modesty, and assist\\n130 his patron against the importunity of other pretenders\\nby a proper assurance in his own vindication. He says", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "10 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 2.\\nit is a civil cowardice to be backward in asserting what\\nyou ought to expect, as it is a military fear to be slow in\\nattacking when it is your duty. AVitli this candour does\\n135 the gentleman speak of himself and others. The same\\nfrankness runs through all his conversation. The military\\npart of his life has furnished him with many adventures,\\nin the relation of which he is very agreeable to the com-\\npany for he is never overbearing, though accustomed\\n140 to command men in tlie utmost degree below him nor\\never too obsequious from a habit of obeying men highly\\nabove him.\\nBut that our society may not appear a set of humourists\\nunacquainted with the gallantries and pleasures of the\\n145 age, we have among us the gallant Will Honeycomb, a\\ngentleman who according to his years should be in the\\ndecline of his life, but having ever been very careful of\\nhis person, and always had a very easy fortune, time has\\nmade but very little impression either by wrinkles on his\\n150 forehead, or traces in his brain. His person is well turned,\\nand of good height. He is very ready at that sort of dis-\\ncourse with which men usually entertain women. He\\nhas all his life dressed very well, and remembers habits\\nas others do men. He can smile when one speaks to him,\\n155 and laughs easily. He knows the history of every mode,\\nand can inform you from whom our wives and daughters\\nhad this manner of curling their hair, that way of\\nplacing their hoods, or that sort of petticoat, and\\nwhose vanity to show her foot made that part of the dress\\n160 so short in such a year. In a word, all his conversation\\nand knowledge has been in the female world. As other\\nmen of his age will take notice to you what such a min-\\nister said upon such and such an occasion, he will tell\\nyou when the Duke of Monmouth danced at court such\\n165 a woman was then smitten, another was taken with him\\nat the head of his troop in tlie Park. In all these ii\u00c2\u00bb-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "No. 2.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY H\\nportant relations, he has ever about the same time re-\\nceived a kind glance or a blow of a fan from some\\ncelebrated beauty, mother of the present Lord Such-a-\\n170 one. If you speak of a young commoner that said a\\nlively thing in the House, he starts up ^^He has good\\nblood in his veins Tom Mirabell begot him the rogue\\ncheated me in that affair that young fellow s mother\\nused me more like a dog than any woman I ever made\\n175 advances to. This way of talking of his very much en-\\nlivens the conversation among us of a more sedate turn\\nand I find there is not one of the company, but myself,\\nwho rarely speak at all, but speaks of him as of that sort\\nof man who is usually called a well-bred fine gentleman.\\n180 To conclude his character, where women are not con-\\ncerned, he is an honest worthy man.\\nI cannot tell whether I am to account him whom I am\\nnext to sj^eak of as one of our company, for he visits us\\nbut seldom but when he does, it adds to every man else\\n185 a new enjoyment of himself. He is a clergyman, a very\\nphilosophic man, of general learning, great sanctity of\\nlife, and the most exact good breeding. He has the mis-\\nfortune to be of a very weak constitution, and consequently\\ncannot accept of such cares and business as preferments\\n190 in his function would oblige him to; he is therefore\\namong divines what a chamber-counsellor is among law-\\nyers. The probity of his mind, and the integrity of his\\nlife, create him followers, as being eloquent or loud\\nadvances others. He seldom introduces the subject he\\n195 speaks upon; but we are so far gone in years, that he\\nobserves, when he is among us, an earnestness to have\\nhim fall on some divine topic, which he always treats\\nwith much authority, as one who has no interests in\\nthis world, as one who is hastening to the object of all\\n200 his wishes, and conceives hope from his decays and\\ninfirmities. These are my ordinary companions.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "12 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 6.\\nIII. SIR ROGER ON MEN OF FINE PARTS.\\nNo. 6.] Wednesday, March 7, 1711. [Steele.\\nCredebant hoc grande nefas, et morte piandum,\\nSijuvenis vetulo non assurrexerat\\nJuvenal, Satire xiii. 54.\\nI KKOW no evil under the sun so great as the abuse of\\nthe understanding, and yet there is no one vice more\\ncommon. It has diffused itself through both sexes, and\\nall qualities of mankind and there is hardly that person\\n5 to be found, Avho is not more concerned for the reputa-\\ntion of wit and sense, than honesty and virtue. But this\\nunhappy affectation of being wise rather than honest,\\nwitty than good-natured, is the source of most of the ill\\nhabits of life. Such false impressions are owing to the\\n10 abandoned writings of men of wit, and the awkward\\nimitation of the rest of mankind.\\nFor this reason Sir Roger was saying last night, that\\nhe was of opinion that none but men of fine parts deserve\\nto be hanged. The reflections of such men are so delicate\\n15 upon all occurrences which they are concerned in, that\\nthey should be exposed to more than ordinary infamy and\\npunisliment, for offending against such quick admoni-\\ntions as tlieir own souls give them, and blunting the fine\\nedge of their minds in such a manner, that they are no\\n20 more shocked at vice and folly than men of slower capaci-\\nties. There is no greater monster in being than a very\\nill man of great parts he lives like a man in a palsy,\\nwith one side of him dead. While perhaps he enjoys the\\nsatisfaction of luxury, of wealth, of ambition, he has", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "No. 6.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 13\\n35 lost the taste of good-will, of friendship, of innocence.\\nScarecrow, the beggar, in Lincoln s-inn-fields, who dis-\\nabled himself in his right leg, and asks alms all day to\\nget himself a warm supper and a bed at night, is not\\nhalf so despicable a wretch, as such a man of sense. The\\n30 beggar has no relish above sensations he finds rest more\\nagreeable than motion and while he has a warm fire and\\nhis doxy, never reflects that he deserves to be whipped.\\nEvery man who terminates his satisfaction and enjoy-\\nments within the supply of his own necessities and pas-\\n35sions is, says Sir Roger, in my eye, as poor a rogue as\\nScarecrow. But, continued he, ^^for the loss of public\\nand private virtue, we are beholden to your men of parts\\nforsooth it is with them no matter what is done, so it is\\ndone with an air. But to me, who am so Avhimsical in a\\n40 corrupt age as to act according to nature and reason, a\\nselfish man, in the most shining circumstance and equi-\\npage, appears in the same condition with the fellow above-\\nmentioned, but more contemptible in proportion to what\\nmore he robs the public of, and enjoys above him. I lay\\n45 it down therefore for a rule, that the whole man is to\\nmove together that every action of any importance is to\\nhave a prospect of public good and that the general\\ntendency of our indifferent actions ought to be agreeable\\nto the dictates of reason, of religion, of good-breeding\\n50 without this, a man, as I have before hinted, is hopping\\ninstead of walking, he is not in his entire and proper\\nmotion.\\nWhile the honest Knight was thus bewildering himself\\nin good starts, I looked intentively upon him, which\\n55 made him, T thought, collect his mind a little. What\\nI aim at, says he, is to represent that I am of opinion,\\nto polish our understandings, and neglect our man-\\nners, is of all things the most inexcusable. Reason\\nshould govern passion, but instead of that, you see, it is", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "14 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 6.\\n60 often subservient to it; and, as unaccountable as one\\nwould think it, a wise man is not always a good man.\\nThis degeneracy is not only the guilt of particular per-\\nsons, but also, at some times, of a whole people and\\nperhaps it may ap^jear upon examination, that the most\\n65 polite ages are the least virtuous. This may be attributed\\nto the folly of admitting wit and learning as merit in them-\\nselves, without considering the application of them. By\\ntliis means it becomes a rule, not so much to regard what\\nwe do, as how we do it. But this false beauty will not pass\\n70 upon men of honest minds and true taste. Sir Richard\\nBlackmore says, with as much good sense as virtue, ^It\\nis a mighty dishonour and shame to employ excellent\\nfaculties and abundance of wit, to humour and please men\\nin their vices and follies. The great enemy of mankind,\\n75 notwithstanding his wit and angelic faculties, is the most\\nodious being in the whole creation. He goes on soon\\nafter to say, very generously, that he undertook the\\nwriting of his poem ^to rescue the Muses out of the\\nhands of ravishers, to restore them to their sweet and\\n80 chaste mansions, and to engage them in an employment\\nsuitable to their dignity. This certainly ought to be\\nthe purpose of every man who appears in public, and\\nwhoever does not proceed upon that foundation injures\\nhis country as fast as he succeeds in his studies. When\\n85 modesty ceases to be the chief ornament of one sex, and\\nintegrity of the other, society is upon a wrong basis, and\\nwe shall be ever after without rules to guide our judg-\\nment in what is really becoming and ornamental. !N ature\\nand reason direct one thing, passion and humour another.\\n90 To follow the dictates of the two latter is going into a\\nroad that is both endless and intricate when Ave pursue\\nthe other, our passage is delightful, and what we aim at\\neasily attainable.\\nI do not doubt but England is at present as polite, a", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "No. 6.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 15\\n95 nation as any in the world but any man who thinks can\\neasily see, that the affectation of being gay and in fashion\\nhas very near eaten up our good sense and our religion.\\nIs there anything so just as that mode and gallantry\\nshould be built upon exerting ourselves in what is proper\\n100 and agreeable to the institutions of justice and piety\\namong us And yet is there anything more common\\nthan that we run in perfect contradiction to them All\\nwhich is supported by no other pretension than that it is\\ndone with what we call a good grace.\\n105 Nothing ought to be held laudable or becoming, but\\nwhat nature itself should prompt us to think so. Resj^ect\\nto all kinds of superiors is founded methinks upon in-\\nstinct and yet what is so ridiculous as age I make\\nthis abrupt transition to the mention of this vice, more\\n110 than any other, in order to introduce a little story, which\\nI think a pretty instance that the most polite age is in\\ndanger of being the most vicious.\\nIt happened at Athens, during a public representation\\nof some play exhibited, in honour of the commonwealth,\\n115 that an old gentleman came too late for a place suitable\\nto his age and quality. Many of the young gentlemen,\\nwho observed the difficulty and confusion lie was in,\\nmade signs to him that they would accommodate him if\\nlie came where they sat. The good man bustled through\\n120 the crowd accordingly; but when he came to the seats\\nto which he was invited, the jest was to sit close and ex-\\npose him, as he stood, out of countenance, to the whole\\naudience. The frolic went round all the Athenian\\nbenches. But on those occasions there were also par-\\n125ticular places assigned for foreigners. When the good\\nman skulked towards the boxes appointed for the Lace-\\ndaemonians, that honest people, more virtuous than\\npolite, rose up all to a man, and with the greatest re-\\nspect received him among them. The Athenians being", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "16 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 6.\\n130 suddenly touched with a sense of the Spartan virtue and\\ntheir own degeneracy, gave a thunder of applause and\\nthe old man cried out, The Athenians understand what\\nis good, but the LacedaBmonians practise it/", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "No. 34.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 17\\nIV. THE SPECTATOR AT HIS CLUB.\\nNo. 84.] Monday, April 9, 1711. [Addison.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094parcit\\nCognatis maculis similis fera\\nJuvenal, Satire xv. 159.\\nThe club of wliicli I am a member is very lucliily com-\\nposed of such persons as are engaged in different ways of\\nlife, and deputed as it were out of the most conspicuous\\nclasses of mankind by this means I am furnished with\\n5 the greatest variety of hints and materials, and know\\neverything that passes in the different quarters and\\ndivisions, not only of this great city, but of the whole\\nkingdom. My readers, too, have the satisfaction to find,\\nthat there is no rank or degree among them who have\\n10 not their representative in this club, and that there is\\nalways somebody present who will take care of their\\nrespective interests, that nothing may be written or\\npublished to the prejudice or infringement of their\\njust rights and privileges.\\n15 I last night sat very late in company with this select\\nbody of friends, who entertained me with several re-\\nmarks which they and others had made upon these my\\nspeculations, as also with the various success, which\\nthey had met with among their several ranks and de-\\n20grees of readers. AVill Honeycomb told me, in the soft-\\nest manner he could, that there were some ladies (but\\nfor your comfort, says Will, they are not those of the\\nmost wit) that were offended at the liberties I had taken\\nwith the opera and the puppet-show that some of them\\n2", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "18 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 34.\\n25 were likewise very much surprised, that I should think\\nsuch serious points as the dress and equipage of persons\\nof quality proper subjects for raillery.\\nHe was going on, when Sir Andrew Freeport took him\\nup short, and told him, that the papers he hinted at had\\n30 done great good in the city, and that all their wives and\\ndaughters were the better for them and further added,\\nthat the whole city thought themselves very much obliged\\nto me for declaring my generous intentions to scourge\\nvice and folly as they appear in a multitude, without con-\\n35 descending to be a publisher of particular intrigues and\\ncuckoldoms. In short, says Sir Andrew, if you avoid that\\nfoolish beaten road of falling upon aldermen and citizens,\\nand employ your pen upon the vanity and luxury of\\ncourts, your paj^er must needs be of general use.\\n40 Upon this my friend the Templar told Sir Andrew,\\nthat he wondered to hear a man of his sense talk after\\nthat manner that the city had always been the province\\nfor satire and that the wits of King Charles s time jested\\nupon nothing else during his whole reign. He then\\n45 showed, by the examples of Horace, Juvenal, Boileau,\\nand the best writers of every age, that the follies of the\\nstage and court had never been accounted too sacred for\\nridicule, how great soever the persons might be that pa-\\ntronized them. But after all, says he, I think your raillery\\n50 has made too great an excursion, in attacking several\\npersons of the inns of court and I do not believe you\\ncan show me any precedent for your behaviour in that\\nparticular.\\nMy good friend Sir Koger de Coverley, who had said\\n55 nothing all this while, began his speech with a Pish and\\ntold us, that he wondered to see so many men of sense so\\nvery serious upon fooleries. Let our good friend,\\nsays he, attack every one that deserves it I would only\\nadvise you, Mr. Spectator, applying himself to me, to", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "No. 34.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 19\\n60 take care how you meddle with country squires they are\\nthe ornaments of the English nation men of good heads\\nand sound bodies and let me tell you, some of them take\\nit ill of you, that you mention fox hunters with so little\\nrespect.\\n65 Captain Sentry spoke very sparingly on this occasion.\\nAVliat he said was only to commend my prudence in not\\ntouching upon the army, and advised me to continue to\\nact discreetly in that point.\\nBy this time I found every subject of my speculations\\n70 was taken away from me, by one or other of the club\\nand began to think to myself in the condition of the good\\nman that had one wife who took a dislike to his gray hairs,\\nand another to his black, till by their picking out what\\neach of them had an aversion to, they left his head alto-\\n75gether bald and naked.\\nWhile I was thus musing with myself, my worthy friend\\nthe clergyman, who, very luckily for me, was at the club\\nthat night, undertook my cause. He told us, that he\\nwondered any order of persons sliould think themselves\\n80 too considerable to be advised that it was not quality,\\nbut innocence, which exempted men frouL reproof that\\nvice and folly ought to be attacked wherever they could\\nbe met with, and especially when they were placed in\\nhigh and conspicuous stations of life. He further added,\\n85 tluit my paper would only serve to aggravate the pains\\nof poverty, if it chiefly exposed those who are already de-\\npressed, and in some measure turned into ridicule, by\\nthe meanness of their conditions and circumstances. He\\nafterwards proceeded to take notice of the great use this\\n90 paper might be of to the public, by reprehending those\\nvices which are too trivial for the chastisement of the law,\\nand too fantastical for the cognisance of the pulpit. He\\nthen advised me to prosecute my undertaking with cheer-\\nfulness, and assured me, that whoever might be dis-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "20 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 34.\\n95 pleased with me, I should be approved by all those whose\\npraises do honour to the persons on whom they are be-\\nstowed.\\nThe whole club pays a particular deference to the dis-\\ncourse of this gentleman, and are drawn into what he says,\\n100 as much by the candid and ingenuous manner with which\\nhe delivers himself, as by the strength of argument and\\nforce of reason which he makes use of. Will Honeycomb\\nimmediately agreed that what he had said was right\\nand that for his part, he would not insist upon the quarter\\n105 which he had demanded for the ladies. Sir x\\\\ndrew\\ngave up the city with the same frankness. The Templar\\nwould not stand out, and was followed by Sir Roger\\nand the Captain, who all agreed that I should be at\\nliberty to carry the war into what quarter I pleased,\\n110 provided I continued to combat with criminals in a body,\\nand to assault the vice without hurting the person.\\nThis debate, which Avas held for the good of mankind,\\nput me in mind of that which the Roman triumvirate\\nwere formerly engaged in, for their destruction. Every\\n115 man at first stood hard for his friend, till they found\\nthat by this means they should spoil their proscription\\nand at length, making a sacrifice of all their acquaintance\\nand relations, furnished out a very decent execution.\\nHaving thus taken my resolution to march on boldly\\n120 in the cause of virtue and good sense, and to annoy their\\nadversaries in whatever degree or rank of men they may\\nbe found, I shall be deaf for the future to all the remon-\\nstrances that shall be made to me on this account. If\\nPunch grow extravagant, I shall reprimand him very\\n125 freely if the stage becomes a nursery of folly and im-\\npertinence, 1 shall not be afraid to animadvert upon it.\\nIn short, if I meet with anything in city, court, or country,\\nthat shocks modesty or good manners, I shall use my\\nutmost endeavours to make an example of it. I must,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "No. 34.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 21\\n130 however, intreat every particular person, who does me\\nthe honour to be a reader of this paper, never to think\\nhimself, or any one of his friends or enemies, aimed at\\nin what is said for I promise him never to draw a faulty\\ncharacter which does not fit at least a thousand people,\\n135 or to publish a single paper that is not written in the\\nspirit of benevolence, and with a love to mankind.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "22 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 37\\nV. A LADY S LIBRARY.\\nNo. 37.] Thursday, April 12, ITIL [Addison.\\nNon ilia colo calathisve Minervcc\\nFoemineas assueta manus.\\nVirgil, JEneid, vii. 805.\\nSome months ago, my friend Sir Roger, being in the\\ncountry, enclosed a letter to me, directed to a certain\\nlady, whom I shall here call by tlie name of Leonora,\\nand, as. it contained matters of consequence, desired me\\n5 to deliver it to lier with my own hand. Accordingly!\\nwaited upon her ladyship pretty early in the morning,\\nand was desired by her woman to walk into her lady s\\nlibrary, till such time as she was in a readiness to receive\\nme. The very sound of a lady s library gave me a\\n10 great curiosity to see it and, as it was some time before\\nthe lady came to me, I had an opportunity of turning over\\na great many of her books, whicli were ranged togethei in\\na very beautiful order. At the end of the folios (which\\nwere finely bound and gilt) were great jars of china\\n15 placed one above another in a very noble jnece of archi-\\ntecture. The quartos were separated from the octavos\\nby a 2)ile of smaller vessels, which rose in a delightful\\npyramid. The octavos were bounded by tea-dishes of all\\nshapes, colours, and sizes, which were so disposed on a\\n20 wooden frame that they looked like one continued pillar\\nindented with the finest strokes of sculpture, and stained\\nwith the greatest variety of dyes. That part of the\\nlibrary which was designed for the recej^tion of plays and\\npamphlets, and other loose papers, was enclosed in a kind", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "No. 37.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 23\\n25 of square, consisting of one of the prettiest grotesque\\nworks tluit ever I saw, and made up of scaramouebee,\\nlions, monkeys, mandarins, trees, shells, and a thousand\\nother odd figures in chinaware. In the midst of tlie\\nroom was a little japan table, with a quire of gilt paper\\n30 upon it, and on tlie paper a silver snuff-box made in the\\nshape of a little book. I found there Avere several other\\ncounterfeit books upon the upper shelves, which were\\ncarved in wood, and served only to fill up the number,\\nlike fagots in the muster of a regiment. I was wonder-\\n35 fully pleased with such a mixed kind of furniture, as seemed\\nvery suitable both to the lady and the scholar, and did not\\nknow at first whether I should fancy myself in a grotto,\\nor in a library.\\nUpon my looking into the books, I found there were\\n40 some few which tlie lady had bought for her own use,\\nbut that most of them had been got together, either be-\\ncause she had heard tliem praised, or because she had\\nseen the authors of them. Among several that I examined\\nI very well remember these that follow.\\n45 Ogilby s Virgil.\\nDryden s Juvenal.\\nCassandra.\\nCleopatra.\\nAstrcea.\\n50 Sir Isaac Xewton s works.\\nThe Grand Cyrus, with a pin stuck in one of the mid-\\ndle leaves.\\nPembroke s Arcadia.\\nLocke of Human Understanding, with a paper of patches\\n55 in it.\\nA spelling-book.\\nA dictionary for the explanation of hard words.\\nSherlock upon Death\\nThe Fifteen Comforts of Jlatrimong.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "24 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 37.\\n60 Sir William Temple s Essays.\\nFather Malbrauclie s Search after Truth, translated\\ninto English.\\nA book of novels.\\nThe Academy of Co7n])Uments.\\n65 Culpepper s Miihvifery.\\nThe Ladies^ Calling.\\nTales in Verse, by Mr. Durfey, bound in red leather,\\ngilt on the back, and doubled down in several places.\\nAll the classic authors in wood.\\n70 A set of Elzevirs by the same hand.\\nClelia, which opened of itself in the place that de-\\nscribes two lovers in a bower.\\nBaker s Chronicle.\\nAdvice to a Dcnigliter.\\n75 The New Atlantis, with a key to it.\\nMr. Steele s Christian Hero.\\nA prayer-book with a bottle of Hungary water by the\\nside of it.\\nDr. Sacheverell s Speech,\\n80 Fielding s Trial.\\nSeneca s Morals.\\nTaylor s Holy Living and Dying.\\nLa Ferte s Listrnctions for Country Dances.\\nI was taking a catalogue in my pocket-book of these,\\n85 and several other authors, when Leonora entered, and,\\nupon my presenting her with the letter from the Knight,\\ntold me, Avith an unspeakable grace, that she hoped Sir\\nRoger was in good health. I answered Yes, for I hate\\nlong speeches, and after a boAV or two retired.\\n90 Leonora was formerly a celebrated beauty, and is still\\na very lovely woman. She has been a widow for two or\\nthree years, and being unfortunate in her first marriage,\\nhas taken a resolution never to venture upon a second.\\nShe has no children to take care of, and leaves the man-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "No. 37.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 25\\n95 agement of her estate to my good friend Sir Eoger. But\\nas the mind naturally sinks into a kind of lethargy, and\\nfalls asleep, that is not agitated by some favourite pleas-\\nures and pursuits, Leonora has turned all the passions\\nof her sex into a love of books and retirement. She con-\\n100 verses chiefly with men, (as she has often said herself,)\\nbut it is only in their writings and she admits of very few\\nmale visitants, except my friend Sir Roger, whom she\\nhears with great pleasure, and without scandal. As her\\nreading has lain very much among romances, it has given\\n105 her a very particular turn of thinking, and discovers it-\\nself even in her house, her gardens, and her furniture.\\nSir Roger has entertained me an hour together with a\\ndescription of her country-seat, which is situated in a\\nkind of wilderness, about an hundred miles distant from\\n110 London, and looks like a little enchanted palace. The\\nrocks about her are shaped into artificial grottoes,\\ncovered with woodbines and jessamines. The woods are\\ncut into shady walks, twisted into bowers, and filled\\nwith cages of turtles. The springs are made to run\\n115 among pebbles, and by that means taught to murmur\\nvery agreeably. They are likewise collected into a\\nbeautiful lake, that is inhabited by a couple of swans,\\nand empties itself by a little rivulet which runs through\\na green meadow, and is known in the family by the\\n120 name of ^^The Purling Stream. The Knight likewise\\ntells me, that this lady preserves her game better than\\nany of the gentlemen in the country. ^Xot,^ says Sir\\nRoger, ^^that she sets so great a value upon her par-\\ntridges and pheasants, as upon her larks and nightingales.\\n125 For she says that every bird which is killed in her\\nground will spoil a consort, and that she shall certainly\\nmiss him the next year.\\nWhen I think how oddly this lady is improved by learn-\\ning, I look upon her with a mixture of admiration and", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "26 SIR ROGER DE COVERLET [No. 37.\\n130 pity. Amidst tliese innocent entertainments which slie\\nhas formed to herself, how much more vahuible does she\\nappear tluin those of her sex, who employ themselves\\nin diversions that are less reasonable, though more in\\nfashion What improvements would a woman have\\n135 made, who is so susceptible of impressions from what she\\nreads, had she been guided to such books as have a\\ntendency to enlighten the understanding and rectify the\\npassions, as well as to those which arc of little more use\\nthan to divert the imagination\\n140 But the manner of a lady s employing herself usefully\\nin reading shall be the subject of another paper, in Avhich\\nI design to recommend such particular books as may be\\nproper for the improvement of the sex. And as this is a\\nsubject of a very nice nature, I shall desire my corre-\\n145spondents to give me their thoughts upon it.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "No. 106.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 27\\nVI. SIR ROGER AT HOME.\\nNo. 106.] Monday, July 2, 1711. [Addison.\\nHinc tibi copia\\nMandbit ad plenum, benigno\\nRuris honornm opulenfa cornu.\\nHorace, Odes, I. xvii. 14.\\nHavixg often received an invitation from my friend\\nSir Roger de Coverley to pass away a month with him in\\nthe country, I last week accompanied liim thither, and\\nam settled witli him for some time at his country house,\\n5 where I intend to form several of my ensuing specula-\\ntions. Sir Roger, wlio is very well acquainted with my\\nhumour, lets me rise and go to bed when I please, dine at\\nhis own table or in my chamber as I think fit, sit still\\nand say nothing without bidding me be merry. When\\n10 the gentlemen of the country come to see him, he only\\nshows me at a distance. As I have been walking in his\\nfields I have observed them stealing a sight of me over an\\nhedge, and have heard the Knight desiring them not to\\nlet me see them, for that I hated to be stared at.\\n15 I am the more at ease in Sir Eoger^s family, because\\nit consists of sober and staid persons for, as the Knight\\nis the best master in the world, he seldom changes his\\nservants and as he is beloved by all about him, his\\nservants never care for leaving him Ijy this means his\\n20 domestics are all in years, and grown old witli their\\nmaster. You would take his valet de chamhre for his\\nbrother, his butler is gray-headed, his groom is one of\\nthe gravest men that I have ever seen, and his coach-\\nman has the looks of a privy counsellor. You see the", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "28 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 106.\\n25 goodness of the master even in the old house-dog, and in\\na gray pad that is kept in the stable with great care and\\ntenderness, out of regard to his past services, though he\\nhas been useless for several years.\\nI could not but observe with a great deal of jdeasure,\\n30 the joy that aj^peared in the countenances of these\\nancient domestics upon my friend s arrival at his coun-\\ntry-seat. Some of them could not refrain from tears at\\nthe sight of their old master every one of them pressed\\nforward to do something for him, and seemed discouraged\\n35 if they were not employed. At the same time the good\\nold Knight, with a mixture of the father and the master\\nof the family, tempered the inquiries after his own\\naffairs with several kind questions relating to themselves.\\nThis humanity and good-nature engages everybody to\\n40 him, so that when he is pleasant upon any of them, all\\nhis family are in good humour, and none so much as the\\nperson whom he diverts himself with on the contrary,\\nif he coughs, or betrays any infirmity of old age, it is\\neasy for a stander-by to observe a secret concern in the\\n45 looks of all his servants.\\nMy worthy friend has put me under the j)articular\\ncare of his butler, who is a very prudent man, and, as\\nwell as the rest of his fellow-servants, wonderfully desir-\\nous of pleasing me, because they have often heard their\\n50 master talk of me as of his particular f^ iend.\\nMy chief companion, when Sir Roger is diverting him-\\nself in the woods or the fields, is a very venerable man\\nwho is ever with Sir Roger, and has lived at his house in\\nthe nature of a chaplain above thirty years. This gen-\\n55tleman is a person of good sense and some learning, of a\\nvery regular life and obliging conversation: he heartily\\nloves Sir Roger, and knows tliat he is very much in the\\nold Knight s esteem, so that he lives in the family rather\\nas a relation than a dependent.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "No. 106.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 29\\n60 I have observed in several of my j)apers that my friend\\nSir Roger, amidst all his good qualities, is something of\\nan humourist and that his virtues as well as imperfec-\\ntions are, as it were, tinged by a certain extravagance,\\nwhich makes them i^articularly his, and distinguishes\\n65 them from those of other men. This cast of mind, as it\\nis generally very innocent m itself, so it renders his con-\\nversation highly agreeable, and more delightful than the\\nsame degree of sense and virtue would appear in their\\ncommon and ordinary colours. As I was walking with\\n70 him last night, he asked me how I liked the good man\\nwhom I have just now mentioned, and witliout staying\\nfor my answer told me, that he was afraid of being insulted\\nwith Latin and Greek at his own table, for which reason\\nhe desired a particular friend of his at the University to\\n75 find him out a clergyman rather of plain sense than much\\nlearning, of a good aspect, a clear voice, a sociable temper,\\nand, if i^ossible, a man that understood a little of back-\\ngammon. My friend, says Sir Roger, found me\\nout this gentleman, who, besides the endowments re-\\nSoqi^ired of him, is, they tell me, a good scholar, though\\nhe does not show it. I have given him the parsonage of\\nthe parish and, because I know his value, have settled\\nupon him a good annuity for life. If he outlives me, he\\nshall find that he was higher in my esteem than perhaps\\n85 he thinks he is. He has now been with me thirty years,\\nand, though he does not know I have taken notice of it,\\nhas never in all that time asked anything of me for him-\\nself, though he is every day soliciting me for something\\nin behalf of one or other of my tenants his parishioners.\\n90 There has not been a lawsuit in the parish since he has\\nlived among them if any dispute arises they apply them-\\nselves to him for the decision if they do not acquiesce\\nin his judgment, which I think never happened above\\nonce or twice at most, they ap23eal to me. At his first", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "30 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 106.\\n95 settling with me I made him a present of all the good\\nsermons which have been printed in English, and only\\nbegged of him that every Sunday he would pronounce\\none of them in the pulpit. Accordingly he has digested\\nthem into such a series, that they follow one another\\n100 naturally, and make a continued system of practical\\ndivinity.\\nAs Sir Roger was going on in liis story, the gentleman\\nwe were talking of came up to us and upon the Knight s\\nasking him who preached to-morrow (for it was Saturday\\n105 night) told us the Bishop of St. Asaph in the morning,\\nand Dr. South in the afternoon. He then showed us his\\nlist of preachers for the whole year, where I saw with\\na great deal of pleasure Archbishop Tillotson, Bishop\\nSaunderson, Dr. Barrow, Dr. Calamy, with several liv-\\n110 ing authors who have published discourses of practical\\ndivinity. I no sooner saw this venerable man in the\\npulpit, but I very much approved of my friend s insisting\\nupon tlie qualifications of a good aspect and a clear voice\\nfor I was so charmed with the gracefulness of his figure\\n115 and delivery, as well as with the discourses he pronounced,\\nthat I think I never passed anytime more to my satisfac-\\ntion. A sermon repeated after this manner is like the\\ncomposition of a poet in the mouth of a graceful actor.\\nI could heartily wish that more of our country clergy\\n120 would follow this example and, instead of wasting their\\nspirits in laborious compositions of their own, would en-\\ndeavour after a handsome elocution, and all those other\\ntalents that are proper to enforce what has been penned\\nby greater masters. This would not only be more easy\\n125 to themselves, but more edifying to the people.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "No. 107.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 31\\nVII. THE COVERLEY HOUSEHOLD.\\nNo. 107.] Tuesday, Julys, 1711. [Steele\\nu^sopo itigenteni statiiain jwsuere Attici,\\nServuiiique coUocdriuit cetenia in basi,\\nPatere honoris scirent ut ciincti viam.\\nPh^drus, Ejnlog. i. 2.\\nThe reception, manner of attendance, undisturbed\\nfreedom, and quiet, wliicli I meet with here in the\\ncountry, has confirmed me in tlie oj^inion I always had,\\nthat the general corrujjtion of manners in servants is\\n5 owing to tlie conduct of masters. The aspect of every\\none in the family carries so much satisfaction that it\\nappears he knows the happy lot Avhicli has befallen him\\nin being a member of it There is one joarticular which\\nI have seldom seen but at Sir Roger s it is usual in all\\n10 other places, that servants fly from the parts of the house\\nthrough which their master is passing on the contrary,\\nhere they industriously place themselves in his way and\\nit is on both sides, as it were, understood as a visit, when\\nthe servants appear without calling. This proceeds from\\n15 the humane and eqnal temper of the man of the house,\\nwho also perfectly well knows how to enjoy a great estate\\nwith such economy as ever to be much beforehand. This\\nmakes his own mind untroubled, and consequently unapt\\nto vent peevish expressions, or give passionate or incon-\\n20 sistent orders to those about him. Thus respect and love\\ngo together, and a certain cheerfulness in ])erform-\\nance of their duty is the particular distinction of the\\nlower part of this family. When a servant is called\\nbefore his master, he does not come with an expectation", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "32 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 107.\\n25 to hear himself rated for some trivial fault, threatened to\\nbe stripped, or used with any other unbecoming language,\\nwhich mean masters often give to worthy servants but\\nit is often to know what road he took that he came so\\nreadily back according to order whether he passed by\\n80 such a ground; if the old man who rents it is in good\\nhealth or whether he gave Sir Roger^s love to him, or\\nthe like.\\nA man who preserves a respect founded on his benev-\\nolence to his dependents lives rather like a prince than\\n35 a master in his family his orders are received as favours,\\nrather than duties and the distinction of approaching\\nhim is part of the reward for executing what is com-\\nmanded by him.\\nThere is another circumstance in which my friend ex-\\n40 eels in his management, which is the manner of reward-\\ning his servants he has ever been of opinion that giving\\nhis cast clothes to be worn by valets has a very ill effect\\nupon little minds, and creates a silly sense of equality\\nbetween the parties, in persons affected only with out-\\n45 ward things. I have heard him often pleasant on this\\noccasion, and describe a young gentleman abusing his\\nman in that coat which a month or two before was the\\nmost pleasing distinction he was conscious of in himself.\\nHe would turn his discourse still more pleasantly upon\\n50 the ladies bounties of this kind and I have heard him\\nsay he knew a fine woman, who distributed rewards and\\npunishments in giving becoming or unbecoming dresses\\nto her maids.\\nBut my good friend is above these little instances of\\n55 good-will, in bestowing only trifles on his servants; a\\ngood servant to him is sure of having it in his choice very\\nsoon of being no servant at all. As I before observed,\\nhe is so good an husband, and knows so thoroughly that\\nthe skill of the purse is the cardinal virtue of this life,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "No. 107.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 33\\n60 I say, he knows so well that frugality is the support of\\ngenerosity, that he can often spare a large fine when a\\ntenement falls, and give that settlement to a good ser-\\nvant who has a mind to go into the world, or make a\\nstranger pay the fine to that servant, for his more com-\\n65fortable maintenance, if he stays in his service.\\nA man of honour and generosity considers it would be\\nmiserable to himself to have no will but that of another,\\nthough it were of the best person breathing, and for that\\nreason goes on as fast as he is able to put his servants\\n70 into independent livelihoods. Tlie greatest part of Sir\\nEoger s estate is tenanted by persons who have served\\nhimself or his ancestors. It was to me extremely pleas-\\nant to observe the visitants from several parts to welcome\\nhis arrival into the country and all the difference that\\n75 1 could take notice of between the late servants who\\ncame to see him, and those who stayed, in the family, was\\nthat these latter were looked upon as finer gentlemen and\\nbetter courtiers.\\nThis manumission and placing them in a way of liveli-\\n80 hood I look upon as only what is due to a good servant,\\nwhich encouragement will make his successor be as dili-\\ngent, as humble, and as ready as he was. There is some-\\nthing wonderful in the narrowness of those minds which\\ncan be pleased and be barren of bounty to those who\\n85 please them.\\nOne might, on this occasion, recount the sense that\\ngreat persons in all ages have had of the merit of their\\ndependents, and the heroic services which men have\\ndone their masters in the extremity of their fortunes\\n90 and shown to their undone patrons that fortune was all\\nthe difference between them but as I design this my\\nspeculation only as a gentle admonition to thankless\\nmasters, I shall not go out of the occurrences of common\\nlife, but assert it as a general observation, that I never\\n3", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "34 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 107.\\n95 saw, but in Sir Roger s family, and one or two more,\\ngood servants treated as they ought to be. Sir Roger s\\nkindness extends to their children s children, and this\\nvery morning he sen his coachman s grandson to j^r en-\\ntice. I shall conclude this paper with an account of a\\n100 picture in his gallery, where there are many which will\\ndeserve my future observation.\\nAt the very upper end of this handsome structure I\\nsaw the portraiture of two young men standing in a river,\\nthe one naked, the other in a livery. The person sup-\\n105 ported seemed half dead, but still so much alive as to\\nshow in his face exquisite joy and love towards the otiier.\\nI thought tht fainting figure resembled my friend Sir\\nRoger and looking at the butler, who stood by me, for\\nan account of it, he informed me that the person in the\\n110 livery was a servant of Sir Roger s, who stood on the\\nshore while his master was swimming, and observing him\\ntaken with some sudden illness, and sink under water,\\njumped in and saved him. Tie told me Sir Roger took\\noff the dress he was in as soon as ho came home, and by\\n115 a great bounty at that time, followed by his favour ever\\nsince, had made him master of that pretty seat which\\nwe saw at a distance as we came to this house. I re-\\nmembered indeed Sir Roger said there lived a very worthy\\ngentleman, to whom he was highly obliged, without\\n120 mentioning anything further. Upon my looking a little\\ndissatisfied at some part of the picture, my attendant\\ninformed me that it was against Sir Roger s will, and at\\nthe earnest request of the gentleman himself, that he\\nwas drawn in the habit in which he had saved his\\n125 master.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": ".:^^4Ml\\nWill Wimble.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "No. 108.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 35\\nVIII. WILL WIMBLE.\\nNo. 108.] Wednesday, July 4, ITU. [Addison.\\nGratis anhelans, multa agendo nihil agens.\\nPh.edrus, Fab. v. 3.\\nAs I was yesterday morning walking with Sir Roger\\nbefore his house, a country fellow brought him a huge\\nfish, which, he told him, Mr. AVilliam Wimble had caught\\ntliat very morning and that he presented it, with his\\n5 service to him, and intended to come and dine with him.\\nAt the same time he delivered a letter, which my friend\\nread to me as soon as the messenger left him.\\nSir Roger, I desire you to accept of a jack, which\\nis the best I have caught this season. I intend to come\\niOand stay Avith you a week, and see how the perch bite in\\nthe Black River. I observed with some concern, the last\\ntime I saw you upon the bowling-green, that your whip\\nwanted a lash to it I Avill bring half a dozen with me\\nthat I twisted last week, whicli I liope will serve you all\\n15 the time you are in the country. I liave not been out of\\nthe saddle for six days last past, having been at Eton\\nwith Sir John s eldest son. He takes to his learning\\nhugely.\\nI am, sir, your humble servant,\\n20 AVill Wimble.\\nThis extraordinary letter, and message that accom-\\npanied it, made me very curious to know the character\\nand quality of tlie gentleman who sent them, which I\\nfound to be as follows. Will Wimble is youno^er brother", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "36 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 108.\\n25 to a baronet, and descended of tlie ancient family of the\\nWimbles. He is now between forty and fifty but, being\\nbred to no business and born to no estate, he generally\\nlives with his elder brother as superintendent of his\\ngame. He hunts a pack of dogs better than any man in\\n30 the country, and is very famous for finding out a hare.\\nHe is extremely well versed in all the little handicrafts\\nof an idle man he makes a may-fly to a miracle, and\\nfurnishes the whole country with angle-rods. As he is\\na good-natured officious fellow, and very much esteemed\\n35 upon account of his family, he is a welcome guest at\\nevery house, and keeps up a good correspondence among\\nall the gentlemen about him. He carries a tulip-root in\\nhis pocket from one to another, or exchanges a puppy\\nbetween a couple of friends that live perhaps in the o^f-\\n40posite sides of the county. AVill is a j^articular favourite\\nof all the young heirs, whom he frequently obliges with\\na net that he has weaved, or a setting-dog that he has\\nmade himself. He now and then presents a pair of gar-\\nters of his own knitting to their mothers or sisters and\\n45 raises a great deal of mirth among them, by inquiring as\\noften as he meets them how they wear. These gentle-\\nman-like manufactures and obliging little humours make\\nAVill the darling of the country.\\nSir Roger was proceeding in the character of him,\\n50 when we saw him make up to us witii two or three hazel-\\ntwigs in his hand, that he had cut in Sir Roger s woods,\\nas he came through them, in his way to the house. I\\nwas very much pleased to observe on one side the hearty\\nand sincere welcome with which Sir Roger received him,\\n55 and, on the other, the secret joy which his guest dis-\\ncovered at sight of the good old Knight. After the first\\nsalutes were over, Will desired Sir Roger to lend him one\\nof his servants to carry a set of shuttlecocks he had with\\nhim in a little box to a lady that lived about a mile off,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "No. 108.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 37\\n60 to whom it seems he had promised such a present for\\nabove this half-year. Sir Roger s back was no sooner\\nturned but honest Will began to tell me of a large cock-\\nplieasant that he had sprung in one of the neighbouring\\nwoods, with two or three other adventures of the same\\n65 nature. Odd and uncommon characters are the game\\nthat I look for and most delight in for which reason I\\nwas as much pleased with the novelty of the person that\\ntalked to me, as he could be for his life with the spring-\\ning of a pheasant, and therefore listened to him with\\n70 more than ordinary attention.\\nIn the midst of his discourse the bell rung to dinner,\\nwhere the gentleman I have been speaking of had the\\npleasure of seeing the huge jack he had caught served\\nup for the first dish in a most sumptuous manner. Uj^on\\n75 our sitting down to it he gave us a long account how he\\nhad hooked it, played with it, foiled it, and at length\\ndrew it out upon the bank, with several other particulars\\nthat lasted all the first course. A dish of wild fowl that\\ncame afterwards furnished conversation for the rest of\\n80 the dinner, which concluded with a late invention of\\nWill s for improving the quail-pipe.\\nUpon withdrawing into my room after dinner, I was\\nsecretly touched with compassion towards the honest\\ngentleman that had dined with us, and could not but\\n85 consider, with a great deal of concern, how so good an\\nheart and such busy hands were wholly employed in\\ntrifles that so much humanity should be so little bene-\\nficial to others, and so much industry so little advanta-\\ngeous to himself. The same temper of mind and applica-\\nOOtion to affairs might have recommended him to the public\\nesteem, and have raised his fortune in another station of\\nlife. What good to his country or himself might not a\\ntrader or merchant have done with such useful though\\nordinary qualifications", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "38 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 108.\\n95 Will Wimble s is the case of many a younger brother\\nof a great family, who had rather see their children starve\\nlike gentlemen than thrive in a trade or ^^rofession that\\nis beneath their quality. This humour fills several parts\\nof Europe with pride and beggary. It is the happiness\\n100 of a trading nation, like ours, that the younger sons,\\nthough incapable of any liberal art or profession, may\\nbe placed in such a way of life as may perhaps enable\\nthem to vie with the best of their family. x\\\\.ccordingly,\\nwe find several citizens that were launched into the world\\n105 with narrow fortunes, rising by an honest industry to\\ngreater estates than those of their elder brothers. It is\\nnot improbable but Will was formerly tried at divinity,\\nlaw, or physic and that, finding his genius did not lie\\nthat way, his parents gave him up at length to his own\\n110 inventions. But certainly, however improper he might\\nhave been for studies of a higher nature, he was perfectly\\nwell turned for the occupations of trade and commerce.\\nAs I think this is a point which cannot be too much in-\\nculcated, I shall desire my reader to compare what I have\\n115 here written with what I have said in my twenty-first\\nspeculation.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "No. 109.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLET 39\\nIX. THE COVERLET PORTRAITS.\\nNo. 109.] Thursday, July 5, 1711. [Steele.\\nAbnormis sqpiens\\nHorace, Satires, II. ii. 3.\\nI WAS this morning walking in the gallery, when Sir\\nRoger entered at the end opposite to me, and, advancing\\ntowards me, said he was glad to meet me among his rela-\\ntions the De Coverleys, and hoped I liked tiie conversa-\\nstionof so mncli good company, who were as silent as\\nmyself. I knew he allnded to the pictures and, as he\\nis a gentleman who does not a little value himself upon\\nhis ancient descent, I expected he would give me some ac-\\ncount of them. We were now arrived at the upper end\\n10 of the gallery, when the Knight faced towards one of\\nthe pictures, and, as we stood before it, he entered into\\nthe matter, after liis blunt way of saying things as they\\noccur to his imagination without regular introduction or\\ncare to preserve the appearance of chain of thought.\\n15 It is, said he, worth while to consider tlie force of\\ndress, and how the persons of one age differ from those\\nof another merely by that only. One may observe, also,\\nthat the general fashion of one age has been followed by\\none particular set of people in another, and by them pre-\\nQo served from one generation to another. Thus the vast\\njetting coat and small bonnet, which was the habit in\\nHarry the Seventh s time, is kept on in the yeomen of\\nthe guard not without a good and politic view, be-\\ncause they look a foot taller, and a foot and an half\\n25 broader besides that the cap leaves the face expanded.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "40 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 109.\\nand consequently more terrible, and fitter to stand at the\\nentrance of palaces.\\nThis predecessor of ours, you see, is dressed after\\nthis manner, and his cheeks would be no larger than\\n30 mine were he in a hat as I am. He was the last man that\\nwon a prize in the Tilt Yard (which is now a common\\nstreet before Whitehall). Y^ou see the broken lance that\\nlies there by his right foot he shivered that lance of his\\nadversary all to pieces and, bearing himself, look you,\\n35 sir, in this manner, at the same time he came within the\\ntarget of the gentleman who rode against him, and taking\\nhim with incredible force before him on the pommel of\\nhis saddle, he in that manner rid the tournament over,\\nwith an air that showed he did it rather to perform the\\n40 rule of the lists than expose his enemy however, it ap-\\npeared he knew how to make use of a victory, and, with\\na gentle trot, he marched up to a gallery where their\\nmistress sat (for they were rivals) and let him down with\\nlaudable courtesy and pardonable insolence. I don t\\n45 know but it might be exactly where the coffee-house is\\nnow.\\nYou are to know this my ancestor was not only of a\\nmilitary genius, but fit also for tlie arts of peace, for he\\nplayed on the bass-viol as well as any gentlemen at court\\n50 you see where his viol hangs by his basket-liilt sword.\\nThe action at the Tilt Yard you may be sure won the fair\\nlady, who was a maid of honour, and the greatest beauty\\nof her time here she stands, the next picture. Y ou see,\\nsir, my great-great-great-grandmother has on the new-\\n55 fashioned petticoat, except that the modern is gathered\\nat the waist my grandmother appears as if she stood in\\na large drum, wliereas the ladies now Avalk as if they were\\nin a go-cart. For all this lady was bred at court, she\\nbecame an excellent country wife, she brought ten\\n60 children, and, when I show you the library, you shall see.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "No. 109.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 41\\nin her own hand (allowing for the difference of the lan-\\nguage), the best receipt now in England both for an hasty-\\npudding and a white-pot.\\n^*If you please to fall back a little, because tis neces-\\n65 sary to look at the three next pictures at one view l-hese\\nare three sisters. She on the right hand, who is so very\\nbeautiful, died a maid the iiext to her, still handsomer,\\nhad the same fate, against her will; this homely thing in the\\nmiddle had both their portions added to her own, and\\n70 was stolen by a neighbouring gentleman, a man of stratagem\\nand resolution, for he poisoned three mastiffs to come at\\nher, and knocked down two deer-stealers in carrying her\\noff. Misfortunes happen in all families the theft of\\nthis romp and so much money was no great matter to our\\n75 estate. But the next heir that possessed it was this soft\\ngentleman, whom you see there observe the small buttons,\\nthe little boots, the laces, the slashes about his clothes,\\nand, above all, the posture he is drawn in (which to be\\nsure was his own choosing) you see he sits with one\\n80 hand on a desk, writing and looking as it were another\\nway, like an easy writer, or a sonneteer. He was one of\\nthose that had too much wit to know how to live in the\\nworld he was a man of no justice, but great good man-\\nners he ruined everybody that had anything to do with\\n85 him, but never said a rude thing in his life; the most\\nindolent person in the world, he would sign a deed that\\npassed away half his estate with his gloves on, but would\\nnot put on his hat before a lady if it were to save his\\ncountry. He is said to be the first that made love by\\n90 squeezing the hand. He left the estate with ten thousand\\npounds debt upon it but, however, by all hands I have\\nbeen informed that he was every way the finest gentleman\\nin the world. That debt lay heavy on our house for one\\ngeneration but it was retrieved by a gift from that honest\\n95 man you see there, a citizen of our name, but nothing at", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "42 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 109.\\nall akin to us. I know Sir Andrew Freeport has said\\nbehind my back that this man was descended from one of\\nthe ten children of the maid of honour I showed you above\\nbut it was never made out. AVe winked at the thing,\\n100 indeed, because money was wanting at that time.\\nHere I saw my friend a little embarrassed, and turned\\nmy face to the next portraiture.\\nSir Koger went on with his account of the gallery in\\nthe following manner. This man (pointing to him I\\n105 looked at) I take to be the honour of our house, Sir\\nHumphrey de Coverley he was in liis dealings as punc-\\ntual as a tradesman, and as generous as a gentleman.\\nHe would have thought himself as much undone by break-\\ning liis word, as if it were to be followed by bankruptcy.\\nnolle served liis country as knight of this shire to his dying\\nday. He found it no easy matter to maintain an in-\\ntegrity in his words and actions, even in things that\\nregarded tlie offices which were incumbent upon him, in\\nthe care of his own affairs and relations of life, and there-\\n115 fore dreaded (though he had great talents) to go into\\nemployments of state, where he must be exposed to the\\nsnares of ambition. Innocence of life and great ability\\nwere the distinguishing parts of his character the\\nlatter, he had often observed, liad led to tlie destruction\\n120 of the former, and used frequently to himont that great\\nand good had not the same signification. He was an\\nexcellent husbandman, but had resolved not to exceed\\nsuch a degree of Avealth all above it he bestowed in\\nsecret bounties many years after the sum he aimed at for\\n125 his own use was attained. Yet he did not slacken his in-\\ndustry, but to a decent old age spent tlie life and fortune\\nwhich was superfluous to himself in the service of his\\nfriends and neighbours.\\nHere we were called to dinner, and Sir Roger ended\\n130 the discourse of this gentleman by telling me, as we", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "No. 109.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 43\\nfollowed the servant, that this his ancestor was a\\nbrave man, and narrowly escaped being killed in the\\nCivil Wars; for, said he, he was sent out of the\\nfield upon a private message the day before the battle of\\n135 Worcester.\\nThe whim of narrowly escaping by having been within\\na day of danger, with other matters above mentioned,\\nmixed with good sense, left me at a loss whether I was\\nmore delighted with my friend s wisdom or simplicity.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "44: SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY fNo. 110.\\nX. THE COVERLEY GHOST.\\nNo. 110.] Friday, July 6, 1711. [Addison.\\nHoi^or uhique anivios, simul ipsa silentia ter-rent.\\nVirgil, u^neid, ii. 755.\\nAt a little distance from Sir Soger s house, among the\\nruins of an old abbey, there is a long walk of aged elms,\\nwhich are shot up so very high, that, when one passes\\nunder them, tlie rooks and crows that rest upon the tops\\n5 of them seem to be cawing in another region. lam very\\nmuch delighted with this sort of noise, which I consider\\nas a kind of natural prayer to tliat Being who supplies\\nthe wants of his whole creation, and who, in the beauti-\\nful language of the Psalms, feedeth the young ravens\\n10 that call upon Him. I like this retirement the better,\\nbecause of an ill report it lies under of being haunted\\nfor which reason (as I have been told in the family) no\\nliving creature ever walks in it besides the chaplain.\\nMy good friend the butler desired me, with a very grave\\n15 face, not to venture myself in it after sunset, for that one\\nof the footmen had been almost frighted out of his wits\\nby a spirit that appeared to him in the shape of a black\\nhorse without an head to which he added, that about a\\nmonth ago one of the maids coming home late that way\\n20 with a pail of milk upon her head, heard such a rustling\\namong the bushes that she let it fall.\\nI was taking a walk in this place last night between\\nthe hours of nine and ten, and could not but fancy it one\\nof the most proper scenes in the world for a ghost to ap-\\n25 pear in. The ruins of the abbey are scattered up and\\ndown on every side, and half covered with ivy and elder", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "No. 110.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 45\\nbushes, the harbours of several solitary birds, which seldom\\nmake their aj)pearance till the dusk of the evening. The\\nplace was formerly a churchyard, and has still several\\n.30 marks in it of graves and burying-places. Tliere is such\\nan echo among the old ruins and vaults, tliat if you stamp\\nbut a little louder than ordinary you hear the sound\\nrepeated. At the same time the walk of elms, with the\\ncroaking of the ravens, which from time to time are\\n35 heard from the tops of them, looks exceeding solemn and\\nvenerable. These objects naturally raise seriousness and\\nattention and when night heightens the awf ulness of the\\nplace, and pours out her supernumerary horrors upon\\neverything in it, I do not at all wonder that weak minds\\n40 fill it with spectres and apparitions.\\nMr. Locke, in his chapter of the Association of Ideas,\\nhas very curious remarks to show how, by the prejudice\\nof education, one idea often introduces into the mind a\\nwhole set that bear no resemblance to one another in the\\n45 nature of things. Among several examples of tliis kind,\\nhe produces the following instance The ideas of\\ngoblins and sprites have really no more to do with dark-\\nness than liglit yet, let but a foolish maid inculcate\\nthese often on the mind of a child, and raise them there\\n50 together, possibly he shall never be able to separate them\\nagain so long as he lives, but darkness shall ever after-\\nwards bring with it those frightful ideas, and they shall\\nbe so joined that he can no more bear the one than the\\nother.\\n55 As I was walking in this solitude, where the dusk of\\nthe evening conspired with so many other occasions of\\nterror, I observed a cow grazing not far from me, which\\nan imagination that is apt to startle might easily have\\nconstrued into a black horse without an head and I dare\\n60 say the poor footman lost his wits upon some such trivial\\noccasion.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "46 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. [No. 110.\\nMy friend Sir Roger has often told me with a great\\ndeal of mirth, tliat at his first coming to his estate, he\\nfound three parts of his house altogether useless that\\n65 the best room in it had the reputation of being haunted,\\nand by that means was locked up that noises had been\\nheard in his long gallery, so that he could not get a\\nservant to enter it after eight o^clock at night that the\\ndoor of one of his chambers was nailed up, because there\\n70 went a story in the family that a butler had formerly\\nhanged himself in it and that liis mother, Avho lived to\\na great age, had shut up half the rooms in the house, in\\nwhich either her husband, a son, or daughter had died.\\nThe Knight, seeing his habitation reduced to so small a\\n75 compass, and himself in a manner shut out of his own\\nhouse, upon the death of his mother ordered all the apart-\\nments to be flung open and exorcised by his chaplain, who\\nlay in every room one after another, and by that means\\ndissipated the fears whicli had so long reigned in the\\n80 family.\\nI should not have been thus particular upon these\\nridiculous horrors, did I not find them so very much\\nprevail in all parts of the country. At the same time,\\nI think a person who is thus terrified with the imagina-\\n85 tion of ghosts and spectres much more reasonable than\\none, who, contrary to tlie reports of all historians, sacred\\nand profane, ancient and modern, and to the traditions of\\nall nations, thinks the appearance of spirits fabulous and\\ngroundless could not I give myself up to this general\\n90 testimony of mankind, I should to the relatious of particu-\\nlar persons who are now living, and whom I cannot dis-\\ntrust in other matters of fact. I might here add, that not\\nonly the historians, to whom we may join the poets, but\\nlikewise the ]3hilosophers of antiquity have favoured this\\n95 opinion. Lucretius himself, though by the course of his\\nphilosophy lie was obliged to maintain that the soul did", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "No. 110.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 47\\nnot exist separate from the body, makes no doubt of the\\nreality of apparitions, and that men have often appeared\\nafter their death. This I think very remarkable he was\\n100 so pressed with tlie matter of fact, which he could not have\\nthe confidence to deny, that he was forced to account for\\nit by one of the most absurd unpliilosophical notions that\\nwas ever started. He tells us that the surfaces of all\\nbodies are per^^etually flying off from their respective\\n105 bodies, one after another and that these surfaces or thin\\ncases that included each other whilst they were joined in\\nthe body, like the coats of an onion, are sometimes seen\\nentire when they are separated from it by which means\\nwe often behold the shapes and shadows of persons who\\n110 are either dead or absent.\\nI shall dismiss this paj^er with a story out of Josephus,\\nnot so much for the sake of the story itself as for the\\nmoral reflections with which the author concludes it, and\\nwhich I shall here set down in his own words. Glaphyra,\\n115 the daughter of king Archelaus, after the death of her two\\nfirst husbands (being married to a third, who was brother\\nto her first husband, and so passionately in love with lier,\\nthat he turned off his former wife to make room for this\\nmarriage), had a very odd kind of dream. She fancied\\n120 that she saw her fii st husband coming towards her, and\\nthat she embraced him with great tenderness when in\\nthe midst of the pleasure which she expressed at the sight\\nof him, he reproached her after the following manner\\nGlaphyra,^ says he, thou hast made good the old say-\\n125 ing, that Avomen are not to be trusted. Was not I the\\nhusband of thy virginity Have I not children by thee\\nHow couldst thou forget our loves so far as to enter into\\na second marriage, and after that into a third, nay to\\ntake for thy husband a man who has so shamelessly crept\\n130 into the bed of his brother? However, for the sake of\\nour past loves, I shall free thee from thy present reproach,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "48 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 110.\\nand make thee mine forever/ Glaphyra told this dream\\nto several women of her acquaintance, and died soon after.\\nI thought this story might not be impertinent in this\\n135 place, wherein I speak of those kings. Besides that, the\\nexample deserves to be taken notice of, as it contains a\\nmost certain proof of the immortality of the soul, and of\\nDivine Providence. If any man thinks these facts incred-\\nible, let him enjoy his own opinion to himself, but let him\\n140 not endeavour to disturb the belief of others, who by in-\\nstances of this nature are excited to the study of virtue/", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "A\\nNo, 112.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLET 4,9\\nXI. A SUNDAY AT SIR ROGER S.\\nNo. 112.] Monday, July 9, 1711. [Addison.\\n^Adavdrov^ jLi^v Trpcjra Heohg v6jHf wf (hciKtirai,\\nPythagoras, Carmina Aurea, 1-2.\\nI AM always very well pleased with a country Sunday,\\nand think, if keeping holy the seventh day were only a\\nhuman institution, it would be the best method that\\ncould have been thought of for the polishing and civilis-\\n5 ing of mankind. It is certain the country people would\\nsoon degenerate into a kind of savages and barbarians,\\nwere there not such frequent returns of a stated time, in\\nwhich the whole village meet together with their best\\nfaces, and in their cleanliest habits, to converse with one\\n10 another upon indifferent subjects, hear their duties ex-\\nplained to them, and join together in adoration of the\\nSupreme Being. Sunday clears away the rust of the\\nwhole week, not only as it refreshes in their minds the\\nnotions of religion, but as it puts both the sexes upon\\n15 appearing in their most agreeable forms, and exerting all\\nsuch qualities as are apt to give them a figure in the eye\\nof the village. A country fellow distinguishes himself\\nas much in the churchyard, as a citizen does upon the\\n^Change, the whole parish politics being generally dis-\\n20 cussed in that place, either after sermon or before the\\nbell rings.\\nMy friend Sir Roger, being a good churchman, has\\nbeautified the inside of his church with several texts of\\nhis own choosing he has likewise given a handsome\\n25 pulpit cloth, and railed in the communion table at his\\n4", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "50 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 112.\\nown expense. He has often told me that, at liis coming\\nto his estate, he found hi\u00c2\u00a7 parishioners very irreguhir\\nand that in order to make them kneel and join in the\\nresponses, he gave every one of them a hassock and a\\n30 Common Prayer Book and at the same time employed\\nan itinerant singing master, who goes about the country\\nfor that purpose, to instruct them rightly in tlie tunes of\\nthe Psalms upon which they now very much value them-\\nselves, and indeed outdo most of the country churches\\n35 that I have ever heard.\\nAs Sir Roger is landlord to the whole congregation, lie\\nkeeps them in very good order, and will suffer nobody to\\nsleep in it besides himself for if by chance he has been\\nsurprised into a short nap at sermon, upon recovering\\n40 out of it he stands up and looks about him, and, if lie\\nsees anybody else nodding, either wakes them himself, or\\nsends his servant to them. Several other of the old\\nKnight s particularities break out upon these occasions\\nsometimes he will be lengthening out a verse in the sing-\\n43ing Psalms half a minute after the rest of the congrega-\\ntion have done with it sometimes, when he is pleased\\nwith the matter of his devotion, he pronounces Amen\\nthree or four times to the same prayer and sometimes\\nstands up when everybody else is upon their knees, to\\n50 count the congregation, or see if any of his tenants are\\nmissing.\\nI was yesterday very much surprised to hear my old\\nfriend, in the midst of the service, calling out to one\\nJohn Matthews to mind what he was about, and not dis-\\n55turb the congregation. This John Matthews it seems is\\nremarkable for being an idle fellow, and at that time was\\nkicking his heels for his diversion. This authority of\\nthe Knight, though exerted in that odd manner which\\naccompanies him in all circumstances of life, has a very\\n60 good effect upon the parish, who are not polite enough to", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "Sir Roger and his Tenants", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "No. 112.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 51\\nsee anything ridiculous in his behaviour besides that the\\ngeneral good sense and worthiness of his character makes\\nhis friends observe tliese little singularities as foils that\\nrather set off than blemish his good qualities.\\n65 As soon as the sermon is finished, nobody presumes\\nto stir till Sir Roger is gone out of tlie church. The\\nKnio-lit walks down from his seat in the chancel between\\na double row of liis tenants, that stand bowing to him\\non each side, and every now and then inquires how such\\n70 ah one s wife, or mother, or son, or father do, whom he\\ndoes not see at church, which is understood as a secret\\nreprimand to the person that is absent.\\nThe chaplain has often told me, that upon a catechis-\\ning day, when Sir Roger has been pleased with a boy\\n75 that answers well, he has ordered a Bible to be given him\\nnext day for his encouragement and sometimes accom-\\npanies it with a flitch of bacon J;o his mother. Sir Roger\\nhas likewise added five pounds a year to the clerk s place\\nand that he may encourage the young fellows to make\\n80 themselves perfect in the church service, has promised,\\nupon the death of the present incumbent, who is very\\nold, to bestow it according to merit.\\nThe fair understanding between Sir Roger and his\\nchaplain, and their mutual concurrence in doing good,\\n85 is the more remarkable, because the very next village is\\nfamous for the differences and contentions that rise be-\\ntween the parson and the squire, who live in a perpetual\\nstate of war. The parson is always preaching at the\\nsquire, and the squire, to be revenged on the parson,\\n90 never comes to church. The squire has made all his\\ntenants atheists and tithe-stealers while the parson\\ninstructs them every Sunday in the dignity of his order,\\nand insinuates to them in almost every sermon that he is\\na better man than his patron. In short, matters are\\n95 come to such an extremity, that the squire has not said", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "52 SIR ROGER DE COVERLET [No. 112.\\nhis prayers either in public or private this half-year and\\nthat the parson threatens him, if he does not mend his\\nmanners, to pray for him in the face of the whole con-\\ngregation.\\n100 Feuds of this nature, though too frequent in the coun-\\ntry, are very fatal to the ordinary people who are so\\nused to be dazzled with riches, that they pay as much\\ndeference to the understanding of a man of an estate as\\nof a man of learning and are very hardly brought to\\n105 regard any truth, how important soever it may be, that\\nis preached to them, when they know there are several\\nmen of five hundred a year who do not believe it.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "No. 113.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 53\\nXII. SIR ROGER IN LOVE.\\nNo. 113.] Tuesday, July 10, 1711. [Steele.\\nHcerent infixi pectore vultus.\\nVirgil, ^neid, iv. 4.\\nIk my first description of the company in which I pass\\nmost of my time it may be remembered that I mentioned\\na great affliction which my friend Sir Roger had met\\nwith in his youth which was no less than a disappoint-\\n5 ment in love. It happened this evening that we fell into a\\nvery pleasing walk at a distance from his house as soon as\\nwe came into it, ^It is, quoth the good old man, look-\\ning round him with a smile, very hard, that any part\\nof my land shoukl be settled upon one who has used me\\n10 so ill as the perverse Widow did and yet I am sure I\\ncould not see a sprig of any bough of this whole walk of\\ntrees, but I should reflect upon her and her severity.\\nShe has certainly the finest hand of any woman in the\\nworld. You are to know this was the place wherein I\\n15 used to muse upon her and by that custom I can never\\ncome into it, but the same tender sentiments revive in\\nmy mind as if I had actually walked with that beautiful\\ncreature under these shades. I have been fool enough\\nto carve her name on the bark of several of these trees\\n20 so unhappy is the condition of men in love to attempt\\nthe removing of their passion by the methods which serve\\nonly to imprint it deeper. She has certainly the finest\\nhand of any woman in the world.\\nHere followed a profound silence and I was not dis-\\n25 pleased to observe my friend falling so naturally into a\\ndiscourse which I had ever before taken notice he indus*", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "54 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 113.\\ntriously avoided. After a very long pause he entered\\nupon an account of this great circumstance in his life,\\nwith an air which I tliought raised my idea of him above\\n30 what I had ever had before and gave me tlie picture of\\nthat cheerful mind of his, before it received that stroke\\nwhich has ever since affected his words and actions. But\\nhe went on as follows\\nI came to my estate in my twenty-second year, and\\n35 resolved to follow the steps of the most worthy of my an-\\ncestors who have inhabited this spot of earth before me,\\nin all the methods of hospitality and good neighbourhood,\\nfor the sake of my fame, and in country sports and recrea-\\ntions, for the sake of my healtli. In my twenty-third\\n40 year I was obliged to serve as sheriff of the county and\\nin my servants, officers, and whole equipage, indulged\\nthe pleasure of a young man (who did not think ill of his\\nown person) in taking that public occasion of showing\\nmy figure and behaviour to advantage. You may easily\\n45 imagine to yourself what appearance I made, who am\\npretty tall, rid well, and was very well dressed, at the\\nhead of a whole county, with music before me, a feather\\nin my hat, and my horse well bitted. I can assure you I\\nwas not a little pleased with the kind looks and glances\\n50 1 had from all the balconies and windows as I rode\\nto the hall where the assizes were held. But when 1\\ncame there, a beautiful creature in a widow s habit sat\\nin court, to hear the event of a cause concerning her\\ndower. This commanding creature (wlio was born for\\n55 destruction of all who behold her) put on such a resigna-\\ntion in lier countenance, and bore the whispers of all\\naround the court, with such a pretty uneasiness, I war-\\nrant you, and then recovered herself from one eye to\\nanother, till she was perfectly confused by meeting some-\\n60 thing so wistful in all she encountered, that at last, with\\na murrain to her, she cast her bewitching eye upon me.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "No. 113.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 55\\nI no sooner met it but I bowed like a great surprised\\nbooby and knowing her cause to be the first which\\ncame on, I cried, like a captivated calf as I was, Make\\n65 way for the defendant s witnesses. This sudden par-\\ntiality made all the county immediately see the sheriff\\nalso was become a slave to the fine Widow. During the\\ntime her cause was upon trial, she behaved herself, I\\nwarrant you, Avith such a deep attention to her business,\\n70 took opportunities to have little billets handed to her\\ncounsel, then would be in such a pretty confusion, occa-\\nsioned, you must know, by acting before so much com-\\npany, that not only I but the whole court was prejudiced\\nin her favour and all that the next heir to her husband\\n75 had to urge was thought so groundless and frivolous,\\nthat wlien it came to her counsel to reply, there was not\\nhalf so much said as every one besides in the court\\nthought he could have urged to her advantage. You\\nmust understand, sir, this perverse woman is one of those\\n80 unaccountable creatures, that secretly rejoice in the ad-\\nmiration of men, but indulge tliemselves in no further\\nconsequences. Hence it is that she has ever had a train\\nof admirers, and she removes from her slaves in town to\\nthose in the country, according to the seasons of the year.\\n85 She is a reading lady, and far gone in the 2:)leasures of\\nfriendship she is always accompanied by a confidante,\\nwho is witness to her daily protestations against our sex,\\nand consequently a bar to her first steps towards love,\\nupon the strength of her own maxims and declarations.\\n90 However, I must needs say this accomplished mis-\\ntress of mine has distinguished me above the rest, and\\nhas been known to declare Sir Roger de Coverley was the\\ntamest and most human of all the brutes in the country.\\nI was told she said so by one who thought he rallied me\\n95 but upon the strength of this slender encouragement of\\nbeing thought least detestable, I made new liveries, new", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "56 SIR RO(jfER DE COVERLEY [No. 113.\\npaired my coach-horses, sent them all to town to be\\nbitted, and taiiglit to throw their legs well, and move all\\ntogether, before I pretended to cross the country and\\n100 wait upon her. As soon as I thought my retinue suit-\\nable to the character of my fortune and youtii, I set out\\nfrom hence to make my addresses. The particular skill\\nof this lady has ever been to inflame your wishes, and yet\\ncommand respect. To make her mistress of this art, she\\n105 has a greater share of knowledge, wit, and good sense\\nthan is usual even among men of merit. Then she is\\nbeautiful beyond the race of women. If you won t let\\nher go on with a certain artifice with her eyes, and tlie\\nskill of beauty, she Avill arm herself with her real charms,\\n110 and strike you with admiration. It is certain that if you\\nwere to behold the whole woman, there is that dignity in\\nher aspect, tliat composure in her motion, that com-\\nplacency in her manner, that if lier form makes you hope,\\nher merit makes you fear. But then again, she is such\\n115 a desperate scholar, tliat no country gentleman can ap-\\nproach her without being a jest. As I was going to tell\\nyou, when 1 came to her house I was admitted to her\\npresence with great civility at the same time she placed\\nherself to be first seen by me in such an attitude, as I\\n120 think you call the posture of a picture, that she dis-\\ncovered new charms, and I at last came towards her with\\nsuch an awe as made me speechless. This she no sooner ob-\\nserved but she made her advantage of it, and began a\\ndiscourse to me concerning love and honour, as they both\\n125 are followed by pretenders, and the real votaries to them.\\nWhen she had discussed these points in a discourse, which\\nI verily believe was as learned as the best philosopher in\\nEurope could possibly make, she asked me whether she\\nwas so happy as to fall in witli my sentiments on these\\n130 important particulars. Her confidante sat by her, and\\nupon my being in the last confusion and silence, this", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "No. 113.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 57\\nmalicious aid of hers turning to her says, I am very glud\\nto observe Sir Roger pauses upon this subject, and seems\\nresolved to deliver all his sentiments upon the matter\\n135 when he pleases to speak. They both kept their coun-\\ntenances, and after I had sat half an hour meditating\\nhow to behave before such profound casuists, I rose up\\nand took my leave. Chance has since that time thrown\\nme very often in her way, and she as often has directed\\n140 a discourse to me which I do not understand. This bar-\\nbarity has kept me ever at a distance from the most\\nbeautiful object my eyes ever beheld. It is thus also she\\ndeals with all mankind, and you must make love to her,\\nas you would conquer the sphinx, by posing her. But Avere\\n145 she like other women, and that there were any talking\\nto her, how constant must the pleasure of that man be,\\nwho could converse with a creature But, after all,\\nyou may be sure her heart is fixed 021 some one or other\\nand yet I have been credibly informed but who can be-\\n150 lieve half that is said After she had done speaking to\\nme, she put her hand to lier bosom and adjusted her\\ntucker. Then she cast her eyes a little down, upon my\\nbeholding her too earnestly. They say she sings excel-\\nlently her voice in her ordinary speech has something\\n155 in it inexpressibly sweet. You must know I dined with\\nher at a public table the day after I first saw her, and\\nshe helped me to some tansy in the eye of all the gen-\\ntlemen in the country she has certainly the finest hand\\nof any woman in the world. I can assure you, sir, were\\n160 you to behold her, you would be in the same condition\\nfor as her speech is music, her form is angelic. But I\\nfind I grow irregular while I am talking of her but in-\\ndeed it would be stupidity to be unconcerned at such\\nperfection. Oh the excellent creature she is as in-\\n165imitable to all women as she is inaccessible to all men.^\\nI found my friend begin to rave, and insensibly led", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "58 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 113.\\nhim towards tlie house, that we miglit be joined by some\\nother company and am convinced that the Widow is\\nthe secret cause of all that inconsistency which appears\\n170 in some parts of my friend s discourse though he has\\nso much command of himself as not directly to mention\\nher, yet according to that [passage] of Martial, which\\none knows not how to render in English, Dum facet\\nhanc loquitur. I shall end this paper with that whole\\n175 epigram, which represents with much humour my honest\\nfriend s condition.\\nQuicquid agit Rufus nihil est nisi Ntevia Rufo,\\nSi gaudet, si flet, si tacet, lianc loquitur\\nCoenat, propinat, poscit, negat, annuit, una est\\n180 Nt^via si non sit Nee via niutus erit.\\nScriberet liesteriia patri cum kice saluteni,\\nNsevia lux, inquit, Nsevia lumen, ave.\\nLet Rufus weep, rejoice, stand, sit, or walk,\\nStill he can notliing but of Na?via talk\\n185 Let him eat, drink, ask questions, or dispute,\\nStill he must speak of Naevia, or be mute\\nHe writ to his father, ending with this line,\\nI am, my lovely Nee via, ever thine.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "No. 114.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 59\\nXIII. ECONOMY IN AFFAIRS.\\nNo. 114.J Wednesday, July 11, 1711. [Steele.\\nPaupertatis pudor et fiiga\\nHorace, Epistles, I. xA-iii. 24.\\nEconomy in our affairs has the same effect iqjoii our\\nfortunes which good breeding has upon our conversa-\\ntions. There is a pretending behaviour in both cases,\\nwhich, instead of making men esteemed, renders them\\n5 both miserable and contemptibre. We had yesterday at\\nSir Eoger s a set of country gentlemen who dined with\\nhim and after dinner the glass w\\\\as taken, by those who\\npleased, pretty plentifully. Among others I observed a\\nperson of a tolerable good aspect, who seemed to be more\\n10 greedy of liquor than any of the company, and yet, me-\\nthought, he did not taste it with delight. As he grew\\nwarm, he was suspicious of everything that was said\\nand as he advanced towards being fuddled, his humour\\ngrew worse. At the same time his bitterness seemed to\\n15 be rather an inward dissatisfaction in his own mind than\\nany dislike he had taken at the company. Upon hear-\\ning his name, I knew him to be a gentleman of a con-\\nsiderable fortune in this county, but greatly in debt.\\nWhat gives the unhappy man this peevishness of spirit,\\n20 is, that his estate is dipped, and is eating out with usuiy\\nand yet he has not the heart to sell any part of it. His\\nproud stomach, at the cost of restless nights, constant\\ninquietudes, danger of affronts, and a thousand nameless\\ninconveniences, preserves this canker in his fortune,\\n25 rather than it shall be said he is a man of fewer hun-\\ndreds a year than he has been commonly reputed. Thus\\nhe endures the torment of poverty, to avoid the name of", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "60 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 114.\\nbeing less rich. If you go to his house you see great\\nplenty, but served in a manner that shows it is all un-\\n30 natural, and that the master s mind is not at home. There\\nis a certain waste and carelessness in the air of every-\\nthing, and the whole appears but a covered indigence, a\\nmagnificent poverty. That neatness and cheerfulness\\nwhich attends the table of him who lives within compass\\n35 is wanting, and exchanged for a libertine way of service\\nin all about him.\\nThis gentleman s conduct, though a very common way\\nof management, is as ridiculous as that officer s would be,\\nwho had but few men under his command, and should\\n40 take the charge of an extent of country rather than of a\\nsmall pass. To pay for, personate, and keep in a man s\\nhands a greater estate than he really has, is of all others\\nthe most unpardonable vanity, and must in the end\\nreduce the man who is guilty of it to dishonour. Yet if\\n45 we look round us in any county of Great Britain, we shall\\nsee many in this fatal error if that may be called by so\\nsoft a name which proceeds from a false shame of ap-\\npearing what they really are, when the contrary behavioui\\nwould in a short time advance them to the condition\\n50 which tliey pretend to.\\nLaertes has fifteen hundred pounds a year, which is\\nmortgaged for six thousand pounds but it is impossible\\nto convince him that if he sold as much as would pay off\\nthat debt he would save four shillings in the pound,\\n55 which he gives for the vanity of being the reputed master\\nof it. Yet if Laertes did this, he would perhaps be\\neasier in his own fortune but then Irus, a fellow of yes-\\nterday, who has but twelve hundred a year, would be his\\nequal. Rather than this shall be, Laertes goes on to\\n60 bring well-born beggars into the world, and every twelve-\\nmonth charges his estate with at least one year s rentv*\\nmore by the birth of a child.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "No. 114.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. gj\\nLaertes and Iriis are neighbours, whose way of living\\nare an abomination to each other. Irus is moved by the\\n65 fear of poverty, and Laertes by the shame of it. Tliough\\nthe motive of action is of so near affinity in both, and\\nmay be resolved into this, tliat to each of them poverty\\nis the greatest of all evils, yet are their manners very\\nwidely different. Shame of poverty makes Laertes launch\\n70 into unnecessary equipage, vain expense, and lavish en-\\ntertainments fear of poverty makes Irus allow himself\\nonly plain necessaries, appear without a servant, sell his\\nown corn, attend his labourers, and be himself a labourer.\\nShame of poverty makes Laertes go every day a step\\n75 nearer to it, and fear of poverty stirs up Irus to make\\nevery day some further progress from it.\\nThese different motives produce the excesses which\\nmen are guilty of in the negligence of an provision for\\nthemselves. Usury, stock-jobbing, extortion, and oppres-\\n80 sion have their seed in the dread of want and vanity,\\nriot, and prodigality, from the shame of it but both\\nthese excesses are infinitely below the pursuit of a rea-\\nsonable creature. After we have taken care to command\\nso much as is necessary for maintaining ourselves in the\\n85 order of men suitable to our character, the care of super-\\nfluities is a vice no less extravagant than the neglect of\\nnecessaries would have been before.\\nCertain it is, tliat they are both out of nature, when\\nshe is followed with reason and good sense. It is from\\n90 this reflection that I always read Mr. Cowley with the\\ngreatest pleasure. His magnanimity is as much above\\nthat of other considerable men as his understanding\\nand it is a true distinguishing spirit in the elegant author\\nwho published his works, to dwell so much upon the\\n95 temper of his mind and the moderation of his desires.\\nBy this means he has rendered his friend as amiable as\\nfamous. That state of life which bears the face of", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "02 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 114.\\npoverty with Mr. Cowley s great vulgar is admirably\\ndescribed and it is no small satisfaction to those of the\\n100 same turn of desire, that he produces the authority of\\nthe wisest men of the best age of the world to strengthen\\nhis opinion of the ordinary pursuits of mankind.\\nIt would, methinks, be no ill maxim of life, if according\\nto that ancestor of Sir Roger whom I lately mentioned,\\n105 every man would point to himself what sum he would\\nresolve not to exceed. He might by this means cheat\\nhimself into a tranquillity on this side of that expecta-\\ntion, or convert what he should get above it to nobler\\nuses than his own pleasures or necessities. This temper\\n110 of mind would exempt a man from an ignorant envy of\\nrestless men above him, and a more inexcusable contempt\\nof happy men below him. This would be sailing by some\\ncompass, living with some design but to be eternally\\nbewildered in prospects of future gain, and j)utting on\\n115 unnecessary armour against improbable blows of fortune,\\nis a mechanic being which has not good sense for its\\ndirection, but is carried on by a sort of acquired instinct\\ntowards things below our consideration, and unworthy\\nour esteem.\\n130 It is possible that the tranquillity I now enjoy at\\nSir Roger s may have created in me this way of think-\\ning, which is so abstracted from the common relish of\\nthe world but as I am now in a pleasing arbour, sur-\\nrounded with a beautiful landscape, I find no inclination\\n125 so strong as to continue in these mansions, so remote\\nfrom the ostentatious scenes of life and am at this pres-\\nent writing philosopher enough to conclude with Mr.\\nCowley,\\nIf e er ambition did my fancy cheat,\\n130 With any wish so mean as to be great,\\nContinue, Heav n, still from me to remove\\nThe humble blessings of that life I love.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "No. 113.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 68\\nXIV. BODILY EXERCISE.\\nNo. 115.] Thursday, July 12, 1711. [Addison.\\nUt sit mens sana in corpore sano.\\nJuvenal, Satire x. 356.\\nBodily labour is of two kinds, either that which a man\\nsubmits to for his livelihood, or that which he undergoes\\nfor his pleasure. The latter of them generally changes\\nthe name of labour for that of exercise, but differs only\\n5 from ordinary labour as it rises from another motive.\\nA countrv life abounds in both these kinds of labour,\\nand for that reason gives a man a greater stock of health,\\nand consequently a more perfect enjoyment of himself,\\nthan any other way of life. I consider the body as a\\n10 system of tubes and glands, or, to use a more rustic\\nphrase, a bundle of pipes and strainers, fitted to one\\nanother after so wonderful a manner as to make a proper\\nengine for the soul to work with. This description does\\nnot only comprehend the bowels, bones, tendons, veins,\\n15 nerves, and arteries, but every muscle and every ligature,\\nwhich is a composition of fibres, that are so many im-\\nperceptible tubes or pipes interwoven on all sides with\\ninvisible glands or strainers.\\nThis general idea of a human body, without consider-\\n20 ing it in its niceties of anatomy, lets us see how abso-\\nlutely necessary labour is for the right preservation of it.\\nThere must be frequent motions and agitations, to mix,\\ndigest, and sej)arate the juices contained in it, as well as\\nto clear and cleanse that infinitude of pipes and strainers,\\n25 of which it is composed, and to give their solid parts a\\nmore firm and lasting tone. Labour or exercise ferments", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "64 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 115.\\nthe humours, casts them into their proper channels,\\nthrows off redundancies, and helps nature in those secret\\ndistributions, without which the body cannot subsist in\\n30 its vigour, nor the soul act with cheerfulness.\\nI might here mention the effects which this has upon\\nall the faculties of the mind, by keeping the understand-\\ning clear, the imagination untroubled, and refining tliose\\nspirits that are necessary for the proper exertion of our\\n35 intellectual faculties, during the present laws of union\\nbetween soul and body. It is to a neglect in this partic-\\nular that we must ascribe the spleen which is so frequent\\nin men of studious and sedentary tempers, as well as the\\nvapours to which those of the other sex are so often\\n40 subject.\\nHad not exercise been absolutely necessary lor our well-\\nbeing, nature would not have made the body so proper for\\nit, by giving such an activity to the limbs, and such a\\npliancy to every part as necessarily produce those compres-\\n45sions, extensions, contortions, dilatations, and all other\\nkinds of motions that are necessary for the preservation\\nof such a system of tubes and glands as has been before\\nmentioned. And that we might not want inducements\\nto engage us in such an exercise of the body as is proper\\n50 for its welfare, it is so ordered that nothing valuable can\\nbe procured without it. Not to mention riches and honour,\\neven food and raiment are not to be come at without the\\ntoil of the hands and sweat of the brows. Providence\\nfurnishes materials but expects that we should work them\\n55 uj) ourselves. The earth must be laboured before it gives\\nits increase, and when it is forced into its several products,\\nhow many hands must they pass through before they are\\nfit for use Manufactures, tfade, and agriculture natu-\\nrally employ more than nineteen parts of the species in\\n60 twenty and as for those who are not obliged to labour, by\\nthe condition in which they are born, they are more", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "No. 115.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 65\\nmiserable than the rest of mankind nnless they inclnlge\\nthemselves in that voluntary labour whicli goes by the\\nname of exercise.\\n65 My friend Sir Eoger has been an indefatigable man in\\nbusiness of this kind, and has hung several parts of his\\nhouse with the trophies of his former labours. The walls\\nof his great hall are covered witli the horns of several\\nkinds of deer that he has killed in the chase, which he\\n70 thinks the most valuable furniture of his house, as they\\nafford him frequent topics of discourse, and show that he\\nhas not been idle. At the lower end of the hall is a large\\notter^s skin stuff eel with hay, which his mother ordered to\\nbe hung up in that manner, and the Knight looks upon\\n75 with great satisfaction, because it seems he was but nine\\nyears old when his dog killed him. A little room ad-\\njoining to the hall is a kind of arsenal filled with guns of\\nseveral sizes and inventions, with which the Knight has\\nmade great havoc in the woods, and destroyed many\\n80 thousands of pheasants, partridges, and woodcocks. His\\nstable doors are patched with noses that belonged to foxes\\nof the Knight s own hunting down. Sir Roger showed\\nme one of them that for distinction sake has a brass\\nnail struck through it, which cost him about fifteen\\n85 hours riding, carried him through half a dozen counties,\\nkilled him a brace of geldings, and lost above half his\\ndogs. This the Knight looks upon as one of the greatest\\nexploits of his life. The perverse Widow, wliom I have\\ngiven some account of, was the death of several foxes\\n90 for Sir Roger has told me tliat in the course of his amours\\nhe patched the western door of his stable. AVhenever\\nthe Widow was cruel, the foxes were sure to pay for it.\\nIn proportion as his passion for the WidoAV abated and old\\nage came on, he left off foxhunting but a hare is not\\n95 yet safe that sits within ten miles of his house.\\nThere is no kind of exercise which I would so recom-\\nS", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "QQ SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 115.\\nmend to my readers of both sexes as this of riding, as tliere\\nis none which so mnch conduces to health, and is every\\nway accommodated to the body, according to the idea\\n100 which I have given of it. Doctor Sydenham is very lavish\\nin its praises and if the English reader will see the\\nmechanical effects of it described at length, he may find\\nthem in a book published not many years since under the\\ntitle of Medicina Gymnastica. For my own part, when I\\n105 am in town, for want of these opportunities, I exercise\\nmyself an hour every morning upon a dumb-bell that is\\nplaced in a corner of my room, and pleases me the more\\nbecause it does everything I require of it in the most\\nprofound silence. My landlady and her daughters are so\\n110 well acquainted with my hours of exercise, that they never\\ncome into my room to disturb me whilst I am ringing.\\nWhen I was some years younger than I am at present,\\nI used to employ myself in a more laborious diversion,\\nwhich I learned from a Latin treatise of exercises that is\\n115 written Avith great erudition it is there called the n/.to-\\n!J.ayia, or tlic fighting with a man s own shadow, and con-\\nsists in the brandishing of two short sticks grasped in\\neach hand, and loaded with plugs of lead at either end.\\nThis opens the chest, exercises the limbs, and gives a\\n120 man all the pleasure of boxing, without the blows. I\\ncould wish that several learned men would lay out that\\ntime which they employ in controversies and disputes\\nabout nothing, in this method of fighting with their own\\nshadows. It might conduce very much to evaporate the\\n125 spleen, which makes them uneasy to the public as well as\\nto themselves.\\nTo conclude, as I am a compound of soul and body, I\\nconsider myself as obliged to a double scheme of duties\\nand I think I have not fulfilled the business of the day\\n130 when I do not thus employ the one in labour and exercise,\\nas well as the other in study and contemplation.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "No. 116. J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 67\\nXV. THE COVERLEY HUNT.\\nNo. 116.] Friday, July 13, 1711. [Budgell.\\nVocat ingenti clamor e Cithaeron,\\nTaygetique canes\\nVirgil, Georgics, iii. 43.\\nThose who have searclied into human nature observe\\nthat nothing so much shoAVS the nobleness of the soul, as\\nthat its felicity consists in action. Every man has such\\nan active principle in him, that he will find out something\\n5 to employ himself upon, in whatever place or state of life\\nhe is posted. I have heard of a gentleman who was under\\nclose confinement in the Bastile seven years during\\nwhich time he amused himself in scattering a few small\\npins about Jiis chamber, gathering them up again, and\\n10 placing them in different figures on the arm of a great\\nchair. He often told his friends afterwards, that unless\\nhe had found out this piece of exercise, he verily believed\\nhe should have lost his senses.\\nAfter what has been said, I need not inform my readers,\\n15 that Sir Roger, with whose character I hope they are at\\npresent pretty well acquainted, has in his youth gone\\nthrough the whole course of those rural diversions which\\nthe country abounds in and which seem to be extremely\\nwell suited to that laborious industry a man may observe\\n20 here in a far greater degree than in towns and cities. I\\nhave before hinted at some of my friend s exploits he\\nhas in his youthful days taken forty coveys of jjartridges\\nin a season and tired many a salmon with a line consist-\\ning but of a single hair. The constant thanks and good\\n25 wishes of the neighbourhood always attended him on", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "68 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 116.\\naccount of his remarkable enmity towards foxes having\\ndestroyed more of those vermin in one year than it was\\nthought the whole country could have produced. Indeed,\\nthe Knight does not scruple to own among his most in-\\n30timate friends, that in order to establish his reputation\\nthis way, he has secretly sent for great numbers of them\\nout of other counties, which he used to turn loose about\\nthe country by night, tliat he might the better signalize\\nhimself in their destruction tlie next day. His hunting\\n35 horses were the finest and best managed in all these\\nparts his tenants are still full of tlie praises of a gray\\nstone horse that unhappily staked himself several years\\nsince, and was buried with great solemnity in the orchard.\\nSir Eoger, being at present too old for foxhunting, to\\n40 keep himself in action, has disposed of his beagles and\\ngot a pack of stop-hounds. What these want in speed he\\nendeavours to make amends for by the deepness of their\\nmouths and the variety of their notes, which are suited\\nin such manner to each other that the whole cry makes\\n45 up a complete concert. He is so nice in this particular,\\nthat a gentleman having made him a present of a very\\nfine hound the other day, the Knight returned it by the\\nservant with a great many expressions of civility but\\ndesired him to tell his master that the dog he had sent was\\n50 indeed a most excellent bass, but that at present he\\nonly wanted a counter-tenor. Could I believe my friend\\nhad ever read Shakespeare, I should certainly conclude\\nhe had taken the hint from Theseus in The Midsummer\\nNighfs Dream\\n55 My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind,\\nSo flew d, so sanded and their heads are hung\\nWith ears that sweep away the morning dew\\nCrook-knee d and dew-lapp d like Thessalian bulls\\nSlow in pursuit, but niatch d in mouths like bells,\\n60 Each under each a cry more tuneable\\nWas never holla d to, nor cheer d with horn.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "happy if they could open a gate.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "No. 116.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 69\\nSir Roger is so keen at this sport that he has been out\\nalmost every day since I came down and upon the chap-\\nlain s offering to lend me his easy pad, I was prevailed on\\n65 yesterday morning to make one of the company. I was\\nextremely pleased, as we rid along, to observe the gen-\\neral benevolence of all the neighbourhood towards my\\nfriend. The farmers sons thought themselves happy if\\nthey could open a gate for the good old Knight as he\\n70 passed by which he generally requited with a nod or a\\nsmile, and a kind inquiry after their fathers and uncles.\\nAfter we had rid about a mile from home, we came\\nupon a large heath, and the sportsmen began to beat.\\nThey had done so for sometime, when, as I was at a little\\n75 distance from the rest of the company, I saw a hare pop\\nout from a small furze-brake almost under my horse s\\nfeet. I marked the way she took, which I endeavoured to\\nmake the company sensible of by extending my arm but\\nto no purpose, till Sir Eoger, who knows that none of my\\n80 extraordinary motions are insignificant, rode up to me,\\nand asked me if puss was gone that way. Upon my\\nanswering Yes, he immediately called in the dogs and\\n23ut them upon the scent. As tliey were going oif, I heard\\none of the country fellows muttering to his companion\\n85 that twas a wonder they had not lost all their S2)ort, for\\nwant of the silent gentleman s crying Stole away\\nThis, with my aversion to leaping hedges, made me\\nwithdraw to a rising ground, from whence I could have\\nthe picture of the whole chase, without the fatigue of\\n90 keeping in with the hounds. The hare immediately\\nthrew them above a mile behind her but I was pleased\\nto find that instead of running straight forwards, or in\\nhunter s language, flying the country, as I was afraid\\nshe might have done, she wheeled about, and described a\\n95 sort of circle round the hill where I had taken my station,\\nin such manner as gave me a very distinct view of the", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "70 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 116.\\nsport. I could see her first pass by, and the dogs some\\ntime afterwards unravelling the whole track she had\\nmade, and following her through all her doubles. I was\\n100 at the same time delighted in observing that deference\\nwhich the rest of the pack paid to each particular hound,\\naccording to the character he had acquired amongst them\\nif they were at fault, and an old hound of reputation\\nopened but once, he was immediately followed by the\\n105 whole cry while a raw dog, or one who was a noted liar,\\nmight have yelped his heart out, without being taken\\nnotice of.\\nThe hare now, after having squatted two or three times,\\nand been put up again as often, came still nearer to the\\n110 place where she was at first started. The dogs pursued\\nher, and these -were followed by the jolly Knight, who\\nrode upon a white gelding, encompassed by his tenants\\nand servants, and cheering his hounds Avith all the gaiety\\nof five-and-twenty. One of the sportsmen rode up to\\n115 me, and told me that|he was sure the chase was almost at\\nan end, because the old dogs, which had hitherto lain\\nbehind, now headed the pack. The fellow was in the\\nright. Our hare took a large field just under us, followed\\nby the full cry In view. I must confess the bright-\\n120 ness of the weather, the cheerfulness of everything around\\nme, the chiding of the hounds, which was returned upon\\nus in a double echo from two neighbouring hills, wdth the\\nholloaing of the sportsmen, and the sounding of the horn,\\nlifted my spirits into a most lively pleasure, which I\\n125 freely indulged because I w^as sure it was innocent. If I\\nwas under any concern, it was on the account of the poor\\nhare, that was now quite spent, and almost within the\\nreach of her enemies when the huntsman, getting for-\\nward, threw down his pole before the dogs. They w^cre\\n130 now within eight yards of that game which they had been\\npursuing for almost as many hours yet on the signal", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "No. 116. J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 71\\nbefore-mentioned they all made a sudden stand, and\\nthough they contmued opening as much as before, durst\\nnot once attempt to pass beyond the pole. At the same\\n135 time Sir Roger rode forward, and alighting, took up the\\nhare in his arms which he soon delivered u]^ to one of\\nhis servants with an order, if she could be kept alive, to\\nlet her go in liis great orchard where it seems he has\\nseveral of these prisoners of war, wlio live together in a\\n140 very comfortable captivity. I was highly pleased to see\\nthe discipline of the pack, and the good-nature of the\\nKnight, who could not find in his heart to murder a\\ncreature that had given him so much diversion.\\nAs we were returning home, I remembered that Mon-\\n145sieur Pascal, in his most excellent discourse on The\\nMisery of Midi, tells us, that all our endeavours after\\ngreatness proceed from nothing but a desire of being\\nsurrounded by a multitude of 23ersons and affairs tliat\\nmay hinder us from looking into ourselves, which is a\\n150 view we cannot bear. He afterwards goes on to sliow\\nthat our love of sports comes from the same reason, and\\nis particularly severe upon hunting. What, says he,\\nunless it be to drown thought, can make men throw\\naway so much time and pains upon a silly animal, which\\n155 they might buy cheaper in the market? The fore-\\ngoing reflection is certainly just, when a man suffers his\\nwhole mind to be drawn into his sports, and altogether\\nloses himself in the woods but does not affect those\\nwho propose a far more laudable end from this exercise,\\n160 1 mean the preservation of health, and keeping all the\\norgans of the soul in a condition to execute her orders.\\nHad that incomparable person, whom I last quoted, been\\na little more indulgent to himself in this point, the\\nworld might probably have enjoyed him much longer\\n165 whereas through too great an application to his studies\\nin his youtli, he contracted that ill habit of body, which,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "72 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 116.\\nafter a tedious sickness, carried him off in the fortieth\\nyear of his age and the whole history we have of his\\nlife till that time is but one continued account of the\\n170 behaviour of a noble soul struggling under innumerable\\npains and distempers.\\nFor my own part I intend to hunt twice a week during\\nmy stay with Sir Eoger and shall prescribe the moderate\\nuse of tliis exercise to all my country friends, as the\\n175 best kind of physic for mending a bad constitution, and\\npreserving a good one.\\nI cannot do this better, than in the following lines out\\nof Mr. Dryden\\nThe first physicians by debauch were made\\n180 Excess began, and sloth sustains the trade.\\nBy chase our long-lived fathers earned their food\\nToil strung the nerves, and purified the blood\\nBut we their sons, a pamper d race of men.\\nAre dwindled down to threescore years and ten.\\n185 Better to hunt in fields for liealtn unbought\\nThan fee the doctor for a nauseous draught.\\nThe wise for cure on exercise depend\\nGod never made His work for man to mend.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "No. 117.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 73\\nXVI. THE COVERLEY WITCH.\\nNo. 117.] Saturday, July 14, 1711. [Addison.\\nIpsi sibi somnia jingunt.\\nVirgil, Eclogues, viii. 108.\\nThere are some opinions in wliicli a man slionld stand\\nneuter, without engaging his assent to one side or the\\nother. Such a liovering faith as this, wliich refuses to\\nsettle upon any determination, is absolutely necessary to\\n5 a mind that is careful to avoid errors and prepossessions.\\nWhen the arguments press equally on both sides in mat-\\nters that are indifferent to us, the safest method is to\\ngive up ourselves to neither.\\nIt is with this temper of mind that I consider the sub-\\n10 ject of witchcraft. AVhen I hear the relations that are\\nmade from all parts of the world, not only from Norway\\nand Lapland, from the East and West Indies, but from\\nevery particular nation in Europe, I cannot forbear\\nthinking that there is such an intercourse and commerce\\n15 witli evil spirits as that which we express by the name of\\nwitchcraft. But when I consider that the ignorant and\\ncredulous parts of the world abound most in these rela-\\ntions, and that the persons among us who are supposed to\\nengage in such an infernal commerce are people of a weak\\n20 understanding and a crazed imagination, and at the same\\ntime reflect upon the many impostures and delusions of\\nthis nature that have been detected in all ages, I endeavour\\nto suspend my belief till I hear more certain accounts\\nthan any which have yet come to my knowledge. In\\n25 short, when I consider the question, whether there are\\nsuch persons in the world as those we call witches, my", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "74 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 117.\\nmind is divided between the two opposite opinions or\\nrather (to speak my thoughts freely) I believe in general\\nthat there is, and has been, such a thing as witchcraft\\n30 but at the same time can give no credit to any particular\\ninstance of it.\\nI am engaged in this specuhition by some occurrences\\nthat I met with yesterday, which I shall give my reader\\nan account of at large. As I was walking with my friend\\n35 Sir Roger by the side of one of liis woods, an ohl woman\\napplied herself to me for my charity. Her dress and\\nfigure put me in mind of the following description in\\nOtway\\nIn a close lane as I pursued my journey,\\n40 I spied a wrinkled hag, with age grown double.\\nPicking dry sticks, and mumbling to herself.\\nHer eyes with scalding rheum were gall d and red\\nCold palsy shook her head her hands seem d wither d\\nAnd on her crooked shoulders had she wrapp d\\n45 The tatter d remnants of an old striped hanging,\\nWhich served to keep her carcase from the cold\\nSo there was nothing of a piece about her.\\nHer lower weeds were all o er coarsely patch d\\nWith diff rent colour d rags, black, red, white, yellow,\\n50 And seem d to speak variety of wretchedness.\\nAs I was musing on this description, and comparing it\\nwith the object before me, the Knight told me that this\\nvery old woman had the reputation of a witch all over the\\ncountry, that her lips were observed to be always in mo-\\n55 tion, and that there was not a switch about her house\\nwhich her neiglibours did not believe had carried her sev-\\neral hundreds of miles. If she chanced to stumble, they\\nalways found sticks or straws that lay in the figure of a\\ncross before her. If she made any mistake at church, and\\n60 cried Amen in a wrong place, they never failed to con-\\nclude that she was saying her prayers backwards. There", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "No. 117.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 75\\nwas not a maid in the parish that wonlcl take a pin of\\nher, though she would offer a bag of money with it.\\nShe goes by the name of Moll White, and has made the\\n65 country ring Avith several imaginary exploits which are\\npalmed upon her. If the dairy maid does not make her\\nbutter come so soon as slie should have it, Moll White is\\nat the bottom of tlie churn. If a horse sweats in the\\nstable, Moll White has been upon his back. If a hare\\n70 makes an unexpected escape from the hounds, the hunts-\\nman curses Moll White. Xay, says Sir Roger, I\\nhave known the master of the pack, upon such an occa-\\nsion, send one of his servants to see if Moll White had\\nbeen out that morning.^\\n75 Tliis account raised my curiosity so far, that I begged\\nmy friend Sir Roger to go with me into her hovel, which\\nstood in a solitary corner under the side of the wood.\\nUpon our first entering Sir Roger winked to me, and\\npointed at sometliing that stood behind the door, which,\\n80 upon looking that way, I found to be an old broomstaif.\\nAt the same time he whispered me in tlie ear to take\\nnotice of a tabby cat that sat in the chimney corner, which,\\nas the old Knight told me, lay under as bad a report as\\nMoll White herself for besides that Moll is said often\\n85 to accompany her in the same shape, the cat is re2:)orted\\nto have spoken twice or thrice in her life, and to have\\nplayed several pranks above the capacity of an ordinary\\ncat.\\nI was secretly concerned to see human nature in so\\n90 much wretchedness and disgrace, but at the same time\\ncould not forbear smiling to hear Sir Roger, who is a\\nlittle puzzled about the old woman, advising her as a\\njustice of peace to avoid all communication with the devil,\\nand never to hurt any of her neighbours cattle. We con-\\n95 eluded our visit with a bounty, which was very acceptable.\\nIn our return home, Sir Roger told me that old Moll", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "76 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 117.\\nhad been often brought before him for making children\\nspit pins, and giving maids the nightmare and that the\\ncountry people would be tossing her into a pond and try-\\n100 ing experiments with her every day, if it was not for him\\nand his chaplain.\\nI have since found uj)on inquiry that Sir Roger was\\nseveral times staggered with the reports that had been\\nbrought him concerning this old woman, and would fre-\\n105 quently have bound her over to the county sessions had\\nnot his chaplain with much ado persuaded him to the\\ncontrary.\\nI have been the more particular in this account, be-\\ncause I hear there is scarce a village in England that has\\n110 not a Moll White in it. When an old woman begins to\\ndote, and grow chargeable to a parish, she is generally\\nturned into a witch, and fills the whole country with\\nextravagant fancies, imaginary distempers and terrifying\\ndreams. In the mean time, the poor wretch that is the\\n115 innocent occasion of so many evils begins to be frighted\\nat herself, and sometimes confesses secret commerce and\\nfamiliarities that her imagination forms in a delirious old\\nage. This frequently cuts off charity from the greatest\\nobjects of compassion, and inspires people with a malevo-\\n120 lence towards those poor decrepit parts of our species in\\nwhom human nature is defaced by infirmity and dotage.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "No. 118.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 77\\nXVII. SIR ROGER ON THE WIDOW.\\nNo. 118.] Monday, July 16, 1711. [Steele.\\nHceret lateri lethalis ariindo.\\nVirgil, ^neid, iv. 73.\\nThis agreeable seat is surrounded with so many pleas-\\ning walks which are struck out of a wood in the midst of\\nwhich the house stands, that one can hardly ever be\\nweary of rambling from one labyrinth of delight to an-\\n5 other. To one used to live in a city the charms of the\\ncountry are so exquisite that the mind is lost in a certain\\ntransport which raises us above ordinary life, and is yet\\nnot strong enough to be inconsistent with tranquillity.\\nThis, stateof mind was I in, ravished with the murmur\\n10 of waters, the whisper of breezes, the singing of birds;\\nand Avhether I looked up to the heavens, down on the\\nearth, or turned to the prospects around me, still struck\\nwith new sense of pleasure when I found by the voice\\nof my friend, who walked by me, that we had insensibly\\n15 strolled into the grove sacred to the Widow. This\\nwoman, says he, ^^is of all others the most unintelli-\\ngible she either designs to marry, or she does not.\\nAYhat is the most perplexing of all is, that she doth not\\neither say to her lovers she has any resolution against\\n20 that condition of life in general, or that she banishes\\nthem but conscious of her own merit, she permits their\\naddresses without fear of any ill consequence, or want of\\nrespect, from their rage or despair. She has that in her\\naspect against which it is impossible to offend. A man\\n35 whose thoughts are constantly bent upon so agreeable an\\nobject must be excused if the ordinary occurrences in", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "78 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 118.\\nconversation are below his attention. I call her indeed\\nperverse^ but, alas why do I call her so Because her\\nsuperior merit is such, that I cannot approach her with-\\n30 out awe, that my heart is checked by too much esteem\\nI am angry that her charms are not more accessible, that\\nI am more inclined to worship than salute her. How\\noften have I wished her unhappy that I might have an\\nopportunity of serving her and how often troubled in\\n35 that very imagination, at giving her the pain of being\\nobliged AYell, I have led a miserable life in secret upon\\nher account but fancy she would have condescended to\\nhave some regard for me, if it had not been for that\\nwatchful animal her confidante.\\n40 ^^Of all persons under the sun, continued he, calling\\nme by my name, be sure to set a mark upon confi-\\ndantes they are of all people the most impertinent.\\nWhat is most pleasant to observe in them is that they\\nassume to themselves the merit of the persons whom they\\n45 have in their custody. Orestilla is a great fortune, and\\nin wonderful danger of surprises, therefore full of sus-\\npicions of tlie least indifferent thing, particularly careful\\nof new acquaintance, and of growing too familiar with\\nthe old. Themista, her favourite woman, is every whit as\\n50 careful of whom she speaks to, and what she says. Let\\nthe ward be a beauty, her confidante shall treat you witli\\nan air of distance let her be a fortune, and she assumes\\nthe suspicious behaviour of her friend and patroness.\\nThus it is that very many of our unmarried women of\\n55 distinction are to all intents and purposes married, except\\nthe consideration of different sexes. They are directly\\nunder the conduct of their -whisperer and think they\\nare in a state of freedom, while they can prate with one\\nof these attendants of all men in general and still avoid\\n60 the man they most like. You do not see one heiress in\\nan hundred whose fate does not turn upon this circum-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "No. 118.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEf f^\\nstance of choosing a confidante. Thus it is that the lady\\nis addressed to, presented and flattered, only by proxy,\\nin her woman. In my case, how is it possible that\\n35 Sir Roger Avas proceeding in his harangue, when we\\nheard the voice of one speaking very importunately, and\\nrepeating these words, What, not one smile? AYe\\n.followed the sound till we came to a close thicket, on the\\nother side of which we saw a young woman sitting as it\\n70 were in a personated sullenness just over a transparent\\nfountain. Opposite to her stood Mr. William, Sir\\nRoger s master of the game. The Knight whispered me,\\n^^Hist, these are lovers. The huntsman looking ear-\\nnestly at the shadow of the young maiden in the stream,\\n75 O thou dear picture, if thou couldst remain there in\\nthe absence of that fair creature, whom you represent in\\nthe water, how willingly could I stand here satisfied\\nfor ever, without troubling my dear Betty herself with\\nany mention of lier unfortunate William, whom she is\\n80 angry with but alas when she pleases to be gone, thou\\nwilt also vanish yet let me talk to thee while thou dost\\nstay. Tell my dearest Betty thou dost not more depend\\nupon her than does her William her absence will make\\naway with me as well as thee. If she offers to remove\\n85 thee. Til jump into these waves to lay hold on thee her-\\nself, her own dear person, I must never embrace again.\\nStill do you hear me without one smile it is too much\\nto bear. He had no sooner spoke these words but he\\nmade an offer of throwing himself into the water at\\n90 which his mistress started up, and at the next instant he\\njumped across the fountain and met her in an embrace.\\nShe, half recovering from her fright, said in tlie most\\ncharming voice imaginable, and with a tone of complaint,\\nI thought how well you would drown yourself. Xo,\\n95 no, you w^on t drowni yourself till you have taken your\\nleave of Susan HoUiday. The huntsman, with a tender-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "go SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 118.\\nness that spoke the most passionate love, and with his\\ncheek close to hers, whispered the softest vows of fidelity\\nin her ear, and cried, Don t, my dear, believe a word\\n100 Kate Willow says she is spiteful and makes stories,\\nbecause she loves to hear me talk to herself for your\\nsake. Look you there, quoth Sir Roger, do you\\nsee there, all mischief comes from confidantes But let\\nus not interrupt them the maid is honest, and the man\\n105 dares not be otherwise, for he knows I loved her father\\nI will interpose in this matter, and hasten the wedding.\\nKate Willow is a witty mischievous wench in the neigh-\\nbourhood, who was a beauty and makes me hope I shall\\nsee the perverse Widow in her condition. She was so\\n110 flippant with her answers to all the honest fellows that\\ncame near her, and so very vain of her beauty, that she\\nhas valued herself upon her charms till they are ceased.\\nShe therefore now makes it her business to prevent other\\nyoung women from being more discreet than she was\\n115 herself however, the saucy thing said the other day\\nwell enough, Sir Roger and I must make a match, for\\nwe are both despised by those we loved. The hussy has\\na great deal of power wherever she comes, and has her\\nshare of cunning.\\n130 However, when I reflect uj^on this woman, I do not.\\nknow whether in the main I am the worse for having\\nloved her whenever she is recalled to my imagination my\\nyouth returns and I feel a forgotten warmth in my veins.\\nThis affliction in my life has streaked all my conduct with\\n125 a softness of which I should otherwise have been incapable.\\nIt is, perhaps, to this dear image in my heart owing, that\\nI am apt to relent, that I easily forgive, and that many\\ndesirable things are grown into my temper, which I should\\nnot have arrived at by better motives than the thought of\\n130 being one day hers. I am pretty well satisfied such a pas-\\nsion as I have had is never well cured and between you", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "No. 118.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 81\\nand me, I am often apt to imagine it has had some whim-\\nsical effect upon my brain. For I frequently find, that\\nin my most serious discourse I let fall some comical famili-\\n135arity of speech or odd phrase that makes the company\\nlaugli however, I cannot but allow she is a most excellent\\nwoman. When she is in the country, I warrant she does\\nnot run into dairies, but reads upon the nature of plants\\nbut has a glass hive, and comes into the garden out of\\n140 books to see them work, and observe the policies of their\\ncommonwealth. She understands everything. Td give\\nten pounds to hear her argue with my friend Sir Andrew\\nFreeport about trade. No, no, for all she looks so inno-\\ncent as it were, take my word for it she is no fool.\\n6", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "32 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 119.\\nXVIII. TOWN AND COUNTRY MANNERS.\\nNo. 119.] Tuesday, July 17, 1711. [Addison.\\nZJrhein qiiam cUcunt Romam, Meliboee, putavi\\nStultus ego huic nostrce siiiiilem\\nVirgil, Eclogues, i. 20.\\nThe first and most obvious reflections which arise in a\\nman who changes the city for tlie country are uj^on the.\\ndifterent manners of the j^eople whom he meets with in\\nthose two different scenes of life. By manners I do not\\n5 mean morals, but behaviour and good breeding as they show\\nthemselves in the town and in the country.\\nAnd here, in the first place, I must observe a very great\\nrevolution that has hapiDened in this article of good breed-\\ning. Several obliging deferences, condescensions, and\\n10 submissions, with many outward forms and ceremonies\\nthat accompany them, were first of all brought np among\\nthe politer part of mankind, who lived in courts and\\ncities, and distinguished themselves from the rustic part\\nof the species (who on all occasions acted bluntly and\\n15 naturally) by such a mutual complaisance and intercourse\\nof civilities. These forms of conversation by degrees\\nmultiplied and grew troublesome the modish world found\\ntoo great a constraint in them, and have therefore thrown\\nmost of them aside. Conversation, like the Romish re-\\n20ligion, was so encumbered with show and ceremony, that\\nit stood in need of a reformation to retrench its super-\\nfluities, and restore it to its natural good sense and beauty.\\nAt present therefore an unconstrained carriage, and a\\ncertain openness of behaviour, are the height of good\\n25 breeding. The fashionable world is grown free and easy\\nour manners sit more loose ui^on us. Nothing is so", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "No. 119.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 83\\nmodish as an agreeable negligence. In a word, good\\nbreeding shows itself most, where to an ordinary eye it\\nappears the least.\\n30 If after this we look on the people of mode in the\\ncountry, we find in them the manners of the last age.\\nThey have no sooner fetched themselves np to the fashion\\nof the polite world, but the town has dro2)ped them, and\\nare nearer to the first state of nature than to those refine-\\n35 ments which formerly reigned in the court, and still pre-\\nvail in the country. One may now Iviiow a man that never\\nconversed in the world by his excess of good breeding. A\\npolite country squire shall make you as man}^ bows in half\\nan hour as would serve a courtier for a week. There is infi-\\n40nitely more to do about place and jirecedency in a meeting\\nof justices wives than in an assembly of duchesses.\\nThis rural politeness is very troublesome to a man of\\nmy temiDcr, who generally take the chair that is next me,\\nand walk first or last, in the front or in tlie rear, as\\n45 chance directs. I have known my friend Sir Roger s din-\\nner almost cold before the company could adjust the\\nceremonial, and be prevailed upon to sit down and have\\nheartily pitied my old friend, wdien I have seen him\\nforced to pick and cull his guests, as tliey sat at the\\n50 several parts of his table, that he might drink their\\nhealths according to their respective ranks and qualities.\\nHonest Will Wimble, who I should have tl] ought had\\nbeen altogether uninfected with ceremony, gives me\\nabundance of trouble in this particular. Though he has\\n55 been fisliing all the morning, he Avill not help himself at\\ndinner till I am served. When we are going out of the\\nhall, he runs behind me and last night, as we were\\nwalking in the fields, stopped short at a stile till I came\\nup to it, and upon my making signs to him to get over,\\n60 told me, with a serious smile, sure I believed they\\nhad no manners in the countrv.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "84 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 119.\\nThere has happened another revolution in the point\\nof good breeding, which relates to the conversation among\\nmen of mode, and which I cannot but look upon as very\\n65 extraordinary. It was certainly one of the first dis-\\ntinctions of a well-bred man, to express everything that\\nhad the most remote appearance of being obscene in\\nmodest terms and distant phrases whilst the clown, who\\nhad no such delicacy of conception and expression, clothed\\n70 his ideas in those plain, homely terms that are the most\\nobvious and natural. This kind of good manners was\\nperhaps carried to an excess, so as to make conversation\\ntoo stiff, formal, and precise for which reason (as hypoc-\\nrisy in one age is generally succeeded by atheism in\\n75 another) conversation is in a great measure relapsed into\\nthe first extreme so that at present several of our men\\nof the town, and particularly those who have been polished\\nin France, make use of the most coarse uncivilized words\\nin our language, and utter themselves often in such a\\n80 manner as a clown would blush to hear.\\nThis infamous piece of good breeding, which reigns\\namong the coxcombs of the town, has not yet made its\\nway into the country and as it is impossible for such an\\nirrational way of conversation to last long among a people\\n85 that make any profession of religion, or show of modesty,\\nif the country gentlemen get into it they will certainly\\nbe left in the lurch. Their good breeding will come too\\nlate to them, and they will be thought a parcel of lewd\\nclowns, while they fancy themselves talking together like\\n90 men of wit and pleasure.\\nAs the two points of good breeding which I have\\nhitherto insisted upon regard behaviour and conversation,\\nthere is a third, which turns upon dress. In this, too,\\nthe country are very much behindhand. The rural\\n95 beans are not yet got out of the fashion that took place\\nat the time of the Revolution, but ride about the country", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "No. 119.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 85\\nin red coats and laced hats, while the women in many\\nparts are still trying to ontvie one another in the height\\nof their head-dresses.\\n100 But a friend of mine, who is now upon the western\\ncircuit, having promised to give me an account of the\\nseveral modes and fashions that prevail in the different\\nparts of the nation through whicli he passes, I shall defer\\nthe enlarging upon this last topic till I have received a\\n105 letter from him, which I expect every post.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "86 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 120.\\nXIX. INSTINCT IN ANIMALS.\\nNo, 120.] Wednesday, July 18, 1711. [Addison.\\n-Equidem credo, quia sit divinitus illis\\nIngenium\\nVirgil, Georgics, i. 451.\\nMy friend Sir Roger is very often merry witli me upon\\nmy passing so mneli of my time among his poultry. He\\nhas caught me twice or thrice looking after a bird s nest,\\nand several times sitting an hour or two together near an\\n5 hen and chickens. He tells me he believes I am person-\\nally acquainted with every fowl about his house calls such\\na particular cock my favourite, and frequently complains\\nthat his ducks and geese have more of my company than\\nhimself.\\n10 I must confess I am infinitely delighted with those spec-\\nulations of nature which are to be made in a country\\nlife and as my reading has very much lain among books\\nof natural history, I cannot forbear recollecting upon this\\noccasion the several remarks which I have met with in\\n15 authors, and comparing them with what falls under my\\nown observation the arguments for Providence drawn\\nfrom the natural history of animals being in my opinion\\ndemonstrative.\\nThe make of every kind of animal is different from\\n20 that of every other kind and yet there is not the least\\nturn in the muscles or twist in the fibres of any one, which\\ndoes not render them more proper for that particular\\nanimal s way of life than any other cast or texture of them\\nwould have been.\\n25 The most violent appetites in all creatures are lust and", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "No. 120.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 87\\nhunger. The first is a perpetual call upon them to prop-\\nagate their kind the latter to preserve themselves.\\nIt is astonishing to consider tlie different degrees of\\ncare that descend from the parent to the young, so far as\\n30 is absolutely necessary for the leaving a posterity. Some\\njcreatures cast their eggs as chance directs them, and think\\nof them no farther, as insects and several kinds of fish\\nothers, of a nicer frame, find out proper beds to deposit\\nthem in, and there leave them, as the serpent, the croco-\\n35dile, and ostrich others hatch tlieir eggs and tend the\\nbirth, till it is able to sliift for itself.\\nWhat can we call the principle which directs every difl er-\\nent kind of bird to observe a particular plan in the struc-\\nture of its nest, and directs all of the same species to work\\n40 after the same model It cannot be imitation for though\\nyou hatch a crow under a hen, and never let it see any of\\nthe works of its own kind, the nest it makes shall be the\\nsame, to the laying of a stick, with all the other nests of\\nthe same species. It cannot be reason for were animals\\n45 indued with it to as great a degree as man, their buildings\\nwould be as different as ours, according to the different\\nconveniences that they would propose to themselves.\\nIs it not remarkable, that the same temper of wea-\\nther, which raises this genial warmth in animals, should\\n50 cover the trees with leaves, and the fields with grass, for\\ntheir security and concealment, and produce such infi-\\nnite swarms of insects for the support and sustenance of\\ntheir respective broods\\nIs it not wonderful that the love of the parent should\\n55 be so violent while it lasts, and that it should last no\\nlonger than is necessary for the preservation of the\\nyoung\\nBut notwithstanding this natural love in brutes is much\\nmore violent and intense than in rational creatures, Prov-\\n60 idence has taken care that it should be no longer trouble-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "88 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 130.\\nsome to the parent than it is useful to the young for so\\nsoon as the wants of the latter cease, the mother with-\\ndraws her fondness, and leaves them to provide for them-\\nselves and what is a very remarkable circumstance in\\n65 this part of instinct, we find that the love of the parent\\nmay be lengtliened out beyond its usual time, if the pres-\\nervation of the species requires it as we may see in\\nbirds that drive away their young as soon as they are able\\nto get their livelihood, but continue to feed them if they\\n70 are tied to the nest, or confined within a cage, or by any\\nother means apjoear to be out of a condition of supplying\\ntheir own necessities.\\nThis natural love is not observed in animals to ascend\\nfrom the young to tlie parent, wliich is not at all necessary\\n75 for the continuance of the species nor indeed in reason-\\nable creatures does it rise in any proj^ortion, as it spreads\\nitself downwards for in all family affection, we find\\nprotection granted and favours bestowed are greater\\nmotives to love and tenderness than safety, benefits, or\\n80 life received.\\nOne would wonder to hear skeptical men disputing for\\nthe reason of animals, and telling us it is only our pride\\nand prejudices that will not allow them tlie use of tluit\\nfaculty.\\n85 Eeason shows itself in all occurrences of life whereas\\nthe brute makes no discovery of such a talent, but in what\\nimmediately regards his own preservation or the continu-\\nance of his species. Animals in their generation are\\nwiser than the sons of men but their wisdom is confined\\n90 to a few particulars, and lies in a very narrow compass.\\nTake a brute out of liis instinct, and you find him wholly\\ndeprived of understanding. To use an instance that\\ncomes often under observation\\nWith what caution does the hen provide lierself a nest\\n95 in places unfrequented, and free from ngise and disturb-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "No. 120.] SIR ROGER JDE COVERLEY 89\\nance When she lias laid Tier eggs in such a manner that\\nshe can cover them, what care does she take in turning\\nthem frequently, tliat all parts may partake of the vital\\nwarmth When she leaves them, to provide for her neces-\\nlOOsary sustenance, how punctually does she return before\\nthey have time to cool, and become incapable of produ-\\ncing an animal In the summer you see her giving her-\\nself greater freedoms, and quitting her care for above\\ntwo hours together but in winter, when the rigour of the\\n105 season would chill the principles of life, and destroy the\\nyoung one, she grows more assiduous in her attendance,\\nand stays aAvay bub lialf the time. AYhen the birth ap-\\nproaches, with how much nicety and attention does she\\nhelp the chick to break its prison not to take notice of\\n110 her covering it from the injuries of the weather, provid-\\ning it proper nourishment, and teaching it to help itself\\nnor to mention her forsaking the nest, if after the usual\\ntime of reckoning the young one does not make its ap-\\npearance. A chemical operation could not be followed\\n115 with greater art or diligence than is seen in the hatching\\nof a chick though there are many other birds tliat show\\nan infinitely greater sagacity in all the forementioned\\nparticulars.\\nBut at the same time the hen, that has all this seeminsf\\n120 ingenuity (which is indeed absolutely necessary for the\\npropagation of the species), considered in other respects,\\nis without the least glimmerings of thought or common\\nsense. She mistakes a piece of chalk for an egg, and\\nsits upon it in the same manner slie is insensible of any\\n125 increase or diminution in the number of those she lays\\nshe does not distinguish between her own and those of\\nanother species and when the birth appears of pever so\\ndifferent a bird, will cherish it for her own. In all these\\ncircumstances which do not carry an immediate regard to\\n130 tlie subsistence of herself or her species, she is a very idiot.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "90 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 120.\\nThere is not, in my opinion, anything more mysterious\\nin nature than this instinct in animals, which thus rises\\nabove reason, and falls infinitely sliort of it. It cannot\\nbe accounted for by any properties in matter, and at the\\n135 same time works after so odd a manner, that one cannot\\nthink it the faculty of an intellectual being. For my\\nown part, I look upon it as upon the principle of grav-\\nitation in bodies, which is not to be explained by any\\nknown qualities inherent in the bodies themselves, nor\\n140 from any laws of mechanism, but according to the best\\nnotions of the greatest philosophers is an immediate im-\\njiression from the first Mover, and the Divine energy\\nacting in the creatures.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "No. 121.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 91\\nXX. INSTINCT IN ANIMALS.\\nNo. 121.] Thursday, July 19, 1711. [Addison.\\nJovis omnia plena.\\nVirgil Eclogues, iii. 60.\\nAs I was walking this morning in the great yard that\\nbelongs to my frieiid^s country honse, I was wonderfully\\npleased to see the different workings of instinct in a hen\\nfollowed by a brood of ducks. The young, upon the sight\\n5 of a pond, immediately ran into it while the stepmother,\\nwith all imaginable anxiety, hovered about the borders of\\nit, to call them out of an element that appeared to her\\nso dangerous and destructive. As the different principle\\nwhich acted in these different animals cannot be termed\\n10 reason, so, when we call it instinct, we mean something\\nwe have no knowledge of. To me, as I hinted in my last\\npaper, it seems the immediate direction of Providence,\\nand such an operation of the Supreme Being, as that\\nwhich determines all the portions of matter to their prop-\\n15 er centres. A modern pliilosopher, quoted by Monsieur\\nBayle in his learned Dissertation o)i the Souls of Brutes,\\ndelivers the same opinion, though in a bolder form of\\nwords, where he says, Beus est anima Irutorum, God\\nhimself is the soul of brutes. Who can tell what to call\\n20 that seeming sagacity in animals, which directs them to\\nsuch food as is proper for them, and makes them naturally\\navoid whatever is noxious or unwholesome Tully has\\nobserved that a lamb no sooner falls from its mother, but\\nimmediately and of his own accord applies itself to the\\n25 teat. Dampier, in his Travels, tells us that, when seamen\\nare thrown upon any of the unknown coasts of America,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "02 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 121.\\nthey never venture upon the fruit of any tree, how tempt-\\ning soever it may appear, unless they observe that it is\\nmarked with the pecking of birds but fall on without\\n30 any fear or aj)prehension where the birds have been\\nbefore them.\\nBut notwithstanding animals have nothing like the use of\\nreason, we find in them all the lower parts of our nature,\\nthe passions and senses, in their greatest strength and\\n35 perfection. And here it is worth our observation, that\\nall beasts and birds of prey are wonderfully subject to\\nanger, malice, revenge, and all the other violent passions\\nthat may animate them in search of their proper food\\nas those that are incapable of defending themselves, or\\n40 annoying others, or whose safety lies chiefly in their\\nflight, are suspicious, fearful and apprehensive of every-\\nthing they see or hear whilst others that are of assist-\\nance and use to man, have their natures softened with\\nsomething mild and tractable, and by that means are\\n45 qualified for a domestic life. In this case the passions\\ngenerally corresjjond with the make of the body. We do\\nnot find the fury of a lion in so weak and defenceless an\\nanimal as a lamb, nor the meekness of a lamb in a crea-\\nture so armed for battle and assault as the lion. In the\\n50 same manner, we find that particular animals have a more\\nor less exquisite sharpness and sagacity in those particu-\\nlar senses which most turn to their advantage, and in\\nwhich their safety and welfare is the most concerned.\\nNor must we here omit that great variety of arms with\\n55 which nature has differently fortified the bodies of several\\nkinds of animals, such as claws, hoofs and horns, teeth\\nand tusks, a tail, a sting, a trunk, or a proboscis. It is like-\\nwise observed by naturalists, that it must be some hidden\\nprinciple, distinct from what we call reason, which in-\\n60 structs animals in the use of these their arms, and teaches\\nthem to manage them to the best advantage because", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "No. 121.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 93\\nthey naturally defend themselves with that part in which\\ntheir strength lies, before the wea23on be formed in it as\\nis remarkable in lambs, whicli, though they are bred\\n65 within doors, and never saw the actions of iheir own\\nsj^ecies, push at those who approach them with their\\nforeheads, before the first budding of a liorn appears.\\nI shall add to these general observations an instance,\\nwhich Mr. Locke has given us, of Providence even in the\\n70 imperfections of a creature which seems tlie meanest and\\nthe most despicable in the whole animal world. We\\nmay,^^ says he, from the make of an oyster or cockle, con-\\nclude that it has not so many nor so quick senses as a man,\\nor several other animals nor if it had, would it, in that\\n75 state and incapacity of transferring itself from one place to\\nanother, be bettered by them. What good would sight and\\nhearing do to a creature, that cannot move itself to or\\nfrom the object, wherein at a distance it perceives good or\\nevil And would not quickness of sensation be an in-\\n80 convenience to an animal that must be still where chance\\nhas once placed it, and there receive the afflux of colder\\nor warmer, clean or foul water, as it happens to come to\\nit?\\nI shall add to this instance out of Mr. Locke another\\n85 out of the learned Dr. More, who cites it from Cardan,\\nin relation to another animal Avhich Providence has left\\ndefective, but at the same time has shown its wisdom in\\nthe formation of that organ in which it seems chiefly to\\nhave failed. What is more obvious and ordinary than\\n90 a mole and yet what more palpable argument of Provi-\\ndence than she The members of her body are so\\nexactly fitted to her nature and manner of life for her\\ndwelling being under ground, where nothing is to be seen,\\nnature has so obscurely fitted her with eyes, that natural-\\n95ists can hardly agree whether she have any sight at all\\nor no. But for amends, what she is capable of for her", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "94 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 121.\\ndefence and warning of danger, she has very eminently\\nconferred npon her for she is exceeding quick of hear-\\ning. And tlien her short tail and short legs, but broad\\n100 fore-feet armed with sharp claws, we see by tlie event to\\nwhat purpose they are, she so swiftly working herself\\nunder ground, and making her way so fast in the earth,\\nas they that behold it cannot but admire it. Her legs\\ntherefore are short, tliat she need dig no more than will\\n105 serve the mere thickness of her body and her fore-feet\\nare broad, that she may scoop away much earth at a time\\nand little or no tail slie has, because she courses it not\\non the ground like the rat or mouse, of whose kindred she\\nis, but lives nnder the earth, and is fain to dig herself a\\n110 dwelling there. And she making her way through so\\nthick an element, which will not yield easily, as the air or\\nthe water, it had been dangerous to have drawn so long a\\ntrain behind her for her enemy might fall upon her\\nrear, and fetch her out before she had completed or got\\n115 full possession of her works.\\nI cannot forbear mentioning Mr. Boyle s remark upon\\nthis last creature, who I remember somewhere in his\\nworks observes, that though the mole be not totally blind\\n(as it is commonly thought) she has not sight enough to\\n130 distinguish particular objects. Her eye is said to have\\nbut one humour in it, which is supposed to give her the\\nidea of light, but of nothing else, and is so formed that\\nthis idea is probably painful to the animal. Whenever\\nshe comes up into broad day she might be in danger of\\n125 being taken, unless she were thus affected by a light\\nstriking upon her eye, and immediately warning her to\\nbury herself in her proper element. More sight would\\nbe useless to her, as none at all might be fatal.\\nI have only instanced such animals as seem the most\\n130 imperfect works of nature and if Providence shows itself\\neven in the blemishes of these creatures, how much more", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "No. 121. J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 95\\ndoes it discover itself in the several endowments which it\\nhas variously bestowed upon such creatures as are more or\\nless finished and completed in their several faculties,\\n135 according to the condition of life in which they are\\nposted.\\nI could wish our Eoyal Society would compile a body\\nof natural history, the best that could be gathered to-\\ngether from books and observations. If the several\\n140 writers among them took each his particular species, and\\ngave us a distinct account of its original, birth, and edu-\\ncation, its policies, hostilities, and alliances, with the\\nframe and texture of its inward and outward parts, and\\nparticularly those that distinguish it from all other\\n145 animals, witli their peculiar aptitudes for the state of\\nbeing in which Providence has placed them, it would be\\none of the best services their studies could do mankind,\\nand not a little redound to the glory of the all-wise Con-\\ntriver.\\n150 It is true such a natural history, after all the disqui-\\nsitions of the learned, would be infinitely short and defect-\\nive. Seas and deserts hide millions of animals from our\\nobservation. Innumerable artifices and stratagems are\\nacted in the howling wilderness and in the great\\n155 deep, that can never come to our knowledge. Besides\\nthat there are infinitely more species of creatures which\\nare not to be seen without nor indeed Avitli the helji of\\nthe finest glasses, than of such as are bulky enough for\\nthe naked eye to take hold of. However, from the con-\\n160 sideration of such animals as lie within the compass of\\ncur knowledge, we might easily form a conclusion of tlie\\nrest, that the same variety of wisdom and goodness runs\\nthrough the whole creation and puts every creature in a\\ncondition to provide for its safety and subsistence in its\\n165 proper station.\\nTully has given us an admirable sketch of natural", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "^Q SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 121.\\nhistory in bis second book concerning The Nature of\\nthe Gods and tbat in a style so raised by metaphors\\nand descriptions, that it lifts the subject above raillery\\n170 and ridicule, which frequently fall on such nice observa-\\ntions when they pass through the hands of an ordinary\\nwriter.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "No. 122.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 97\\nXXI. SIR ROGER AT THE ASSIZES,\\nNo. 122.] Friday, July 20, 1711. [Addison.\\nComes jucundus in via pro vehiciilo est.\\nPUBLILTS Syrus, Fragments.\\nA majn^ s first care should be to avoid the reproaches\\nof his own heart his next to escape the censures of the\\nworld. If the last interferes with the former, it ought\\nto be entirely neglected but otherwise there cannot be\\n5 a greater satisfaction to an honest mind than to see those\\napprobations which it gives itself seconded by the ap-\\nplauses of the public. A man is more sure of his con-\\nduct when the verdict which he passes upon his own\\nbehaviour is thus warranted and confirmed by the opinion\\n10 of all that know him.\\nMy worthy friend Sir Roger is one of those who is not\\nonly at peace within himself, but beloved and esteemed by\\nall about him. He receives a suitable tribute for his uni-\\nversal benevolence to mankind in the returns of affection\\n15 and good-will which are paid him by every one that lives\\nwithin his neighbourhood. I lately met with two or three\\nodd instances of that general respect which is shown\\nto the good old Knight. He would needs carry Will\\nWimble and myself with him to the county assizes. As\\n20 we were upon the road, Will Wimble joined a couple of\\nplain men who rid before us, and conversed with them\\nfor some time during which my friend Sir Roger ac-\\nquainted me with their characters.\\nThe first of them, says he, that has a spaniel by\\n25 his side, is a yeoman of about an hundred pounds a year,\\nan honest man. He is just within tlie Game Act, and\\n7", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "98 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 122.\\nqualified to kill an hare or a pheasant. He knocks down\\na dinner with his gun twice or thrice a week and hy\\nthat means lives much cheaper than those who have not\\n30 so good an estate as himself. He would be a good\\nneighbour if he did not destroy so many partridges in\\nshort, lie is a very sensible man, shoots flying, and has\\nbeen several times foreman of the petty jury.\\nThe other that rides along with him is Tom Touchy,\\n35 a fellow famous for taking the law of everybody. There\\nis not one in the town where he lives that he has not sued\\nat a quarter sessions. The rogue had once the impudence\\nto go to law with the Widow. His head is full of costs,\\ndamages, and ejectments he plagued a couple of honest\\n40 gentlemen so long for a trespass in breaking one of his\\nhedges, till he was forced to sell the ground it enclosed\\nto defray the charges of the prosecution. His father left\\nhim fourscore j^ounds a year, but he has cast and been\\ncast so often that he is not now worth tJiirty. I suppose\\n45 he is going upon the old business of the willow tree.\\nAs Sir Roger was giving me tliis account of Tom\\nTouchy, Will Wimble and his two companions stopped\\nshort till we came up to them. After having paid their\\nrespects to Sir Roger, AYill told him that Mr. Touchy and\\n50 he must appeal to him upon a dispute that arose between\\nthem. Will, it seems, had been giving his fellow-traveller\\nan account of his angling one day in such a hole when\\nTom Toucliy, instead of hearing out his story, told him\\nthat Mr. Such-an-one, if he pleased, miglit take the law\\n55 of him for fishing in that part of the river. My friend\\nSir Roger heard them both, u2)on a round trot and\\nafter having paused some time, told them, with the air\\nof a man wlio would not give his judgment rashly, that\\nmuch might be said on both sides. They were neither\\n60 of them dissatisfied with the Knight s determination,\\nbecause neither of them found himself in the wrong by", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "No. 122.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 99\\nit. Upon which Ave made the best of our way to the\\nassizes.\\nThe court was sat before Sir Eoger came but iiot-\\n65 withstanding all the justices had taken their places upon\\nthe bench, they made room for the old Knight at the\\nhead of them who, for his reputation in the country,\\ntook occasion to whisper in the judge^s ear, that he was\\nglad his lordship had met with so much good weather\\n70 in his circuit. I was listening to the proceeding of the\\ncourt with much attention, and infinitely pleased with\\nthat great appearance and solemnity which so properly\\naccompanies such a public administration of our laws\\nwhen, after about an hour s sitting, I observed, to my\\n75 great surprise, in the midst of atrial, that my friend\\nSir Roger was getting up to speak. I was in some pain\\nfor him, till I found he had acquitted himself of two or\\nthree sentences, with a look of much business and great\\nintrepidity.\\n80 Upon his first rising the court was hushed, and a gen-\\neral whisper ran among the country people that Sir Roger\\nwas up. The speech he made was so little to the purpose,\\nthat I shall not trouble my readers with an account of it\\nand I believe was not so much designed by the Knight\\n85 himself to inform the court, as to give him a figure in my\\neye, and keep up his credit in the country.\\nI was highly delighted, when the court rose, to see the\\ngentlemen of the country gathering about my old friend\\nand striving who should complimeiit him most at the\\n90 same time that the ordinary jieojole gazed upon him at a\\ndistance, not a little admiring his courage, that was not\\nafraid to speak to the judge.\\nIn our return home we met with a very odd accident,\\nwhich I cannot forbear relating, because it shows how\\n95 desirous all who know Sir Roger are of giving him marks\\nof their esteem. When we were arrived upon the verge", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "100 SIR ROGER DE COVERLET [No. 122.\\nof liis estate, we stopped at a little inn to rest ourselves\\nand our horses. The man of tlie house had, it seems,\\nbeen formerly a servant in the Knight s family and to\\n100 do honour to his old master, had some time since, unknown\\nto Sir Roger, put him up in a sign-post before the door\\nso that the Knight s head had hung out upon the road\\nabout a week before lie himself knew anything of the\\nmatter. As soon as Sir Roger was acquainted with it,\\n105 finding that his servant s indiscretion proceeded wholly\\nfrom affection and good- will, he only told him that he\\nhad made him too liigh a compliment and when the\\nfellow seemed to think that could hardly be, added, with\\na more decisive look, that it was too great an honour for\\n110 any man under a duke but told him at the same time\\nthat it might be altered with a very few touches, and that\\nhe himself would be at the charge of it. Accordingly\\nthey got a painter, by tlie Knight s directions, to add a\\npair of whiskers to the face, and by a little aggravation\\n115 of the features to change it into the Saracen s Head. I\\nshould not have known this story had not the innkeeper,\\nupon Sir Roger s alighting, told him in my hearing, that\\nhis honour s head was brought back last niglit with the\\nalterations that he had ordered to be made in it. Upon\\n120 this my friend, with his usual cheerfulness, related the\\nparticulars above mentioned, and ordered the head to be\\nbrought into the room. I could not forbear discovering\\ngreater expressions of mirth than ordinary upon the\\nappearance of tliis monstrous face, under which, not-\\n125 withstanding it was made to frown and stare in a most\\nextraordinary manner, I could still discover a distant\\nresemblance of my old friend. Sir Roger, upon seeing\\nme laugh, desired me to tell him truly if I thought it\\npossible for people to know him in that disguise. I at\\n130 first kept my usual silence but upon the Knight s con-\\njuring me to tell him whether it was not still more like", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "No. 122.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY lOl\\nhimself than a Saracen, I composed my countenance in\\nthe best manner I could, and replied that much might be\\nsaid on both sides.\\n135 These several adventures, with the Knight s behaviour\\nin them, gave me as pleasant a day as ever I met with in\\nany of my travels.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "102 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 123.\\nXXII. THE EDUCATION OF AN HEIR.\\nNo. 123.] Saturday, July 21, 1711. [Addison.\\nDoctrina sed vim promovet insitam\\nRectique cultus pectora roborant\\nUtcunque defecere mores,\\nDedecorant bene nata culpoe.\\nHorace, Ode iv. 4. 33.\\nAs I was yesterday taking the air with my friend Sir\\nRoger, we were met by afresh-coloured, ruddy young man,\\nwho rid by us full speed, with a couple of servants be-\\nhind him. Upon my inquiry who he was, Sir Roger told\\n5 me that he was a young gentleman of a considerable\\nestate, who had been educated by a tender mother, that\\nlives not many miles from the place where we were. She\\nis a very good lady, says my friend, but took so much\\ncare of her son s health, that she has made him good for\\nlOnothiug. She quickly found that reading was bad for\\nhis eyes, and that writing made his head ache. He was\\nlet loose among tlie woods as soon as he was able to ride\\non horseback, or to carry a gun upon his shoulder. To\\nbe brief, I found by my friend s account of him, that he\\n15 had got a great stock of health, but nothing else and\\nthat if it were a man s business only to live, there would\\nnot be a more accomplished young fellow in the whole\\ncountry.\\nThe truth of it is, since my residing in these parts I\\n20 have seen and heard innumerable instances of young heirs\\nand elder brothers, who either from their own reflecting\\nupon the estates they are born to, and therefore thinking\\nall other accomplishments unnecessary, or from hearing", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "No. 123.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 103\\nthese notions frequently inculcated to them by the flattery\\n25 of their servants and domestics, or from the same foolish\\nthought prevailing in those wlio have the care of their\\neducation, are of no manner of use but to keep up their\\nfamilies, and transmit their lands and houses in a line to\\nposterity.\\n30 This makes me often think on a story I have heard of\\ntwo friends, which I shall give my reader at large, under\\nfeigned names. The moral of it may, I hope,, be useful,\\ntliough there are some circumstances which make it\\nrather appear like a novel than a true story.\\n35 Eudoxus and Leontine began the world with small\\nestates. They were botli of them men of good sense and\\ngreat virtue. They prosecuted their studies together in\\ntheir earlier years, and entered into such a friendship as\\nlasted to the end of their lives. Eudoxus, at his first\\n40 setting out in the world, threw himself into a court, where\\nby his natural endowments and his acquired abilities he\\nmade his way from one post to another, till at length he\\nhad raised a very considerable fortune. Leontine, on the\\ncontrary, sought all opportunities of improving his mind\\n45 by study, conversation, and travel. He was not only\\nacquainted with all the sciences, but with the most\\neminent professors of tliem throughout Europe. lie\\nknew perfectly well the interests of its princes, with\\nthe customs and fasliions of their courts, and could scarce\\n50 meet with the name of an extraordinary person in The\\nGazette whom he had not either talked to or seen. In\\nshort, he had so well mixed and digested his knowledge\\nof men and books, that he made one of the most accom-\\nplished persons of his age. During the whole course of\\n55 his studies and travels he kept up a punctual correspond-\\nence with Eudoxus, who often made himself acceptable to\\nthe principal men about court by the intelligence which\\nhe received from Leontine. When they were both turned", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "104 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 123.\\nof forty (an age in which, according to Mr. Cowley,\\n60 there is no dallying with life they determined, pur-\\nsuant to the resolution they had taken in the beginning\\nof their lives, to retire, and pass the remainder of tlieir\\ndays in the country. In order to tliis, they both of them\\nmarried much about the same time. Leontine, with his\\n65 own and his wife s fortune, bought a farm of three hun-\\ndred a year, which lay within the neighbourhood of his\\nfriend Eudoxus, who had purchased an estate of as many\\ntiiousands. They were both of them fathers about the same\\ntime, Eudoxus having a son born to liim, and Leontine a\\n70 daughter but to the unspeakable grief of the latter, his\\nyoung wife, in whom all his happiness was wrapt up,\\ndied in a few days after the birth of her daughter. Ilis\\naffliction would have been insupportable, had not lie been\\ncomforted by the daily visits and conversations of his\\n75 friend. As they Avere one day talking together with their\\nusual intimacy, Leontine considering how incapable he\\nwas of giving his daughter a proper education in his own\\nhouse, and Eudoxus reflecting on the ordinary behaviour\\nof a son who knows himself to be the heir of a great\\n80 estate, they both agreed upon an exchange of children\\nnamely, that the boy sliould be bred up with Leontine as\\nhis son, and that the girl should live with Eudoxus as his\\ndaughter, till they were each of them arrived at years of\\ndiscretion. The wife of Eudoxus, knowing that her son\\n85 could not be so advantageously brought up as under the\\ncare of Leontine, and considering at the same time that\\nhe would be perpetually under her own eye, was by\\ndegrees prevailed upon to fall in with the project. She\\ntherefore took Leonilla, for that was the name of the girl,\\n90 and educated her as her own daughter. The two friends\\non each side had wrouglit themselves to such an habitual\\ntenderness for the children who were under their direc-\\ntion, that each of them had tlie real passion of a father", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "No. 123. J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 105\\nwhere the title was but imaginary. Florio, the name of\\n95 the young heir that lived with Leontine, though he had\\nall tlie duty and affection imaginable for his supposed\\nparent, was taught to rejoice at the sight of Eudoxus,\\nwho visited his friend very frequently, and was dictated\\nby his natural affection, as well as by the rules of pru-\\n100 dence, to make himself esteemed and beloved by Florio.\\nThe boy was now old enough to know his supposed father s\\ncircumstances, and that therefore lie was to make his\\nway in the world by his own industry. This consider-\\nation grew stronger in him every day, and produced so\\n105 good an effect, that he applied himself with more than\\nordinary attention to the pursuit of everything which\\nLeontine recommended to him. His natural abilities,\\nwhich were very good, assisted by the directions of so\\nexcellent a counsellor, enabled him to make a quicker\\n110 progress than ordinary through all the parts of his educa-\\ntion. Before he was twenty years of age, having finished\\nhis studies and exercises with great applause, he was re-\\nmoved from the university to the Inns of Court, where\\nthere are very few that make themselves considerable\\n115 proficients in the studies of the place who know they\\nshall arrive at great estates without them. This was not\\nFlorio s case he found that three hundred a year was\\nbut a poor estate for Leontine and himself to live uj^on,\\nso that he studied without intermission till he gained a\\n120 very good insight into the constitution and laws of his\\ncountry.\\nI should have told my reader that whilst Florio lived\\nat the house of his foster-father he was always an accept-\\nable guest in the family of Eudoxus, where he became\\n125 acquainted with Leonilla from her infancy. His acquaint-\\nance with her by degrees grew into love, which in a mind\\ntrained up in all the sentiments of honour and virtue\\nbecame a very uneasy passion. He despaired of gaining", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "106 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 123.\\nau heiress of so great a fortune, and would rather have\\n130 died than attempted it by any indirect methods. Leo-\\nnilhi, who was a woman of the greatest beauty joined with\\nthe greatest modesty, entertained at the same time a secret\\npassion for Florio, but conducted herself with so much\\nprudence that she never gave him the least intimation of\\n135 it. Florio Avas now engaged in all those arts and improve-\\nments that are proper to raise a man s private fortune,\\nand give him a figure in his country, but secretly tor-\\nmented with that passion which burns with the greatest\\nfury in a virtuous and noble heart, when he received a\\n140 sudden summons from Leontine to repair to him into the\\ncountry the next day. For it seems Eudoxus was so\\nfilled Avith the report of his son s reputation, that he\\ncould no longer withhold making himself known to him.\\nThe morning after his arrival at the house of his sup-\\n145 posed father, Leontine told him that Eudoxus had some-\\nthing of great importance to communicate to him upon\\nwhich the good man embraced him and wept. Florio\\nwas no sooner arrived at the great house that stood in his\\nneighbourhood, but Eudoxus took him by the hand, after\\n150 the first salutes were over, and conducted him into his\\ncloset. He tliere opened to him the whole secret of his\\nparentage and education, concluding after this manner\\nI have no other way left of acknowledging my gratitude\\nto Leontine, than by marrying you to his daughter. He\\n155 shall not lose tlie pleasure of being your father by the\\ndiscovery I have made to you. Leonilla, too, shall be\\nstill my daughter her filial piety, though misplaced, has\\nbeen so exemplary that it deserves the greatest reward I\\ncan confer upon it. You shall have the pleasure of see-\\n160 ing a great estate fall to you, wliicli you would have lost\\nthe relish of had you known yourself born to it. Con-\\ntinue only to deserve it in tlie same manner you did\\nbefore you were possessed of it. I have left your mother", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "No. 123.] SIR HOGER DE COVERLEY 107\\nin the next room. Her heart yearns toward you. She is\\n165 making the same discoveries to Leonilla which I have\\nmade to yourself. Florio was so overwhelmed with this\\nprofusion of happiness, that he was not able to make a\\nreply, but threw himself down at his father s feet, and\\namidst a flood of tears kissed and embraced his knees,\\n170 asking his blessing, and expressing in dumb show those\\nsentiments of love, duty, and gratitude that were too big\\nfor utterance. To conclude, the happy pair were mar-\\nried, and half Eudoxus s estate settled upon them.\\nJjeontine and Eudoxus passed the remainder of their\\n175 lives tosfether and received in the dutiful and affec-\\ntionate behaviour of Florio and Leonilla the just recom-\\npense, as well as the natural effects, of that care which\\nthey had bestowed upon them in their education.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "108 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 125.\\nXXIII. THE MISCHIEFS OF PARTY SPIRIT.\\nNo. 125.] Tuesday, July 24, 1711. [Addison.\\nNepueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella\\nNeu patriae validas in viscera vertite vires.\\nVirgil, ^neid, vi. 832.\\nMy worthy friend Sir Roger, when we are talking of\\nthe malice of parties, very frequently tells us an accident\\nthat happened to him when he was a schoolboy, which\\nwas at a time when the feuds ran high between the\\n5 Roundheads and Cavaliers. This worthy Knight, being\\nthen but a stripling, had occasion to inquire which was\\nthe way to St. Anne s Lane, upon which the person whom\\nhe spoke to, instead of answering his question, called him\\na young Popish cur, and asked him who had made Anne\\n10 a saint. The boy, being in some confusion, inquired of\\nthe next he met, which was the Avay to Anne s Lane but\\nwas called a prick-eared cur for his pains, and instead of\\nbeing shown the way, was told that she had been a saint\\nbefore he was born, and would be one after he was\\n15 hanged. ^^Upon this, says Sir Roger, I did not think\\nfit to repeat the former question, but going into every\\nlane of the neighbourhood, asked what they called the\\nname of that lane. By which ingenious artifice he\\nfound out the ^^lace he inquired after, without giving\\n20 offence to any party. Sir Roger generally closes this nar-\\nrative with reflections on the mischief that parties do in\\nthe country how they spoil good neighbourhood, and make\\nhonest gentlemen hate one another besides that they\\nmanifestly tend to the prejudice of the land tax, and the\\n25 destruction of the game.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "No. 125.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 109\\nThere cannot a greater judgment befall a country than\\nsuch a dreadful spirit of division as rends a government\\ninto two distinct people, and makes them greater strangers\\nand more averse to one another, than if they were actually\\n30 two diiferent nations. The effects of such a division are\\npernicious to the last degree, not only with regard to\\nthose advantages which they give the common enemy, but\\nto those private evils which they produce in the heart of\\nalmost every particular person. This influence is very\\n35 fatal both to men s morals and their understandings it\\nsinks the virtue of a nation, and not only so, but destroys\\neven common sense.\\nA furious party spirit, when it rages in its full violence,\\nexerts itself in civil war and bloodshed and when it\\n40 is under its greatest restraints naturally breaks out in\\nfalsehood, detraction, calumny, and a partial administra-\\ntion of justice. In a word, it fills a nation with spleen\\nand rancour, and extinguishes all the seeds of good-\\nnature, compassion, and humanity.\\n45 Plutarch says very finely, that a man should not allow\\nhimself to hate even his enemies, because, says he, if you\\nindulge this passion in some occasions, it will rise of\\nitself in others if you hate your enemies, you will con-\\ntract such a vicious habit of mind, as by degrees will\\n50 break out upon those who are your friends, or those who\\nare indifferent to you. I might here observe how admi-\\nrably this precept of morality (which derives the malig-\\nnity of hatred from the passion itself, and not from its ob-\\nject) answers to that great rule which was dictated to the\\n55 world about an hundred years before this philosopher\\nwrote but instead of that, I shall only take notice, with\\na real grief of heart, that the minds of many good men\\namong us appear soured with party principles, and alien-\\nated from one another in such a manner, as seems to\\n60 me altogether inconsistent with the dictates either of rea-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "110 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 125.\\nson or religion. Zeal for a public cause is apt to breed\\npassions in the hearts of virtuous persons^ to wliich the\\nregard of their own private interest would never have\\nbetrayed them.\\n65 If this party spirit has so ill an effect on our morals, it\\nhas likewise a very great one upon our judgments. We\\noften hear a poor insipid paper or pamphlet cried up,\\nand sometimes a noble piece depreciated, by those who\\nare of a different principle from the author. One who is\\n70 actuated by this sj)irit is almost under an incapacity of\\ndiscerning either real blemishes or beauties. A man of\\nmerit in a different princijDle is like an object seen in two\\ndifferent mediums, that appears crooked or broken, how-\\never straight and entire it may be in itself. For this rea-\\n75 son there is scarce a person of any figure in England who\\ndoes not go by two contrary characters, as opposite to one\\nanother as light and darkness. Knowledge and learning\\nsuffer in a particular manner from this strange prejudice,\\nwhich at present prevails amongst all ranks and degrees\\n80 in the British nation. As men formerly became eminent in\\nlearned societies by their parts and acquisitions, they now\\ndistinguish themselves by the warmth and violence with\\nwhich they espouse their respective parties. Books are\\nvalued upon the like considerations. An abusive, scur-\\n85rilous style passes for satire, and a dull scheme of party\\nnotions is called fine writing.\\nThere is one piece of sophistry practised by both sides,\\nand that is the taking any scandalous story that has been\\never whispered or invented of a private man, for a known\\n90 undoubted truth, and raising suitable speculations upon\\nit. Calumnies that have been never proved, or have been\\noften refuted, are the ordinary postulatums of these in-\\nfamous scribblers, upon which they proceed as upon first\\nprinciples granted by all men, though in their hearts\\n95 they know they are false, or at best verv doubtful- When", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "No. 135.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY HI\\nthey have laid these foundations of scurrility, it is no\\nwonder that their snj^erstructure is every way answerable\\nto them. If this shameless practice of the present age\\nendures much longer, praise and reproach will cease to\\n100 be motives of action in good men.\\nThere are certain periods of time in all governments\\nwhen this inhuman spirit prevails. Italy was long torn\\nin pieces by the Cluelphs and Ghibellines, and France by\\nthose who were for and against the League but it is very\\n105 unhappy for a man to be born in such a stormy and\\ntempestuous season. It is the restless ambition of artful\\nmen that thus breaks a j)eople into factions, and drav/s\\nseveral well-meaning persons to their interest by a spe-\\ncious concern for their country. How many honest minds\\n110 are filled with uncharitable and barbarous notions, out of\\ntheir zeal for the public good What cruelties and out-\\nrages would they not commit against men of an adverse\\nparty, whom they would honour and esteem, if instead of\\nconsidering them as they are represented, they knew\\n115 them as they are Thus are persons of the greatest\\nprobity seduced into sliameful errors and prejudices, and\\nmade bad men even by that noblest of principles, the\\nlove of their country. I cannot here forbear mentioning\\nthe famous Spanish proverb, If there were neither fools\\n120 nor knaves in the world, all people would be of one\\nmind.\\nFor my own part I could heartily wish that all honest\\nmen would enter into an association for the support of\\none another against tlie endeavours of those whom they\\n125 0i^ght to look upon as their common enemies, whatsoever\\nside they may belong to. Were there such an honest\\nbody of neutral forces, we should never see the worst of\\nmen in great figures of life, because they are useful to a\\nparty nor the best unregarded, because they are above\\n130 practising those methods which would be grateful to", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "112 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 125.\\ntheir faction. We should then single every criminal out\\nof the herd, and hunt him down, however formidable and\\novergrown he might appear on the contrary, we should\\nshelter distressed innocence, and defend virtue, however\\n135 beset with contempt or ridicule, envy or defamation. In\\nshort, we should not any longer regard our fellow sub-\\njects as Whigs or Tories, but should make the man of\\nmerit our friend, and the villain our enemy.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "No. 126.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 113\\nXXIV. THE MISCHIEFS OF PARTY SPIRIT.\\nNo. 126.] Wednesday, July 25, 1711. [Addison.\\nTroa Rutulusve fiiat, nullo discrimine hobeho.\\nVirgil, u^neid, x. 108.\\nIn my yesterday s paper I proposed that the honest\\nmen of all parties should enter into a kind of association\\nfor the defence of one another, and the confusion of their\\ncommon enemies. As it is designed this neutral body\\n5 should act with a regard to nothing but truth and equity,\\nand divest themselves of the little heats and preposses-\\nsions that cleave to parties of all kinds, I have prepared\\nfor them ihe following form of an association, which may\\nexpress their intentions in the most plain and simj)le\\n10 manner\\nWe tvhose names are hereunto suhscrihed do solemnly\\ndeclare, that toe do in our consciences believe two and two\\nmahe four and that we shall adjudge any man whatsoever\\nto he our enemy who endeavoiirs to i^ersuade us to the con-\\n15 trary. We are likewise ready to maintain, with the\\nhazard of all that is near and dear to its, that six is less\\nthan seven in all times and all places, and that ten will not\\nhe more three years hence than it is at present. We do\\nalso firmly declare, that it is our resolution as long as we\\n20 live to call hlach hlach, and ivhite ichite. And we shall\\nupon all occasions oppose such persons that upon any day\\nof the year shall call hlach white, or tuhite hlack, with the\\nutmost peril of our lives and fortunes.\\nWere there such a combination of honest men, who\\n25 without any regard to places would endeavour to ex-\\ntirpate all such furious zealots as would sacrifice one half\\n8", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "114 SIR ROGER DE COVERLET [No. 126.\\nof their country to the ^^assion and interest of the other\\nas also such infamous hypocrites, that are for promoting\\ntheir own advantage under colour of the public good\\n30 with all the profligate immoral retainers to each side, that\\nhave nothing to recommend them but an implicit sub-\\nmission to their leaders we should soon see that furious\\nparty s^iirit extinguished, which may in time expose us\\nto the derision and contempt of all the nations about us.\\n35 A member of this society, that would thus carefully\\nemploy himself in making room for merit, by throwing\\ndown the worthless and depraved part of mankind from\\nthose conspicuous stations of life to which they have\\nbeen sometimes advanced, and all this without any re-\\n40 gard to his private interest, would be no small benefactor\\nto his country.\\nI remember to have read in Diodorus Siculus an account\\nof a very active little animal, which I think he calls the\\nichneumon, that makes it the whole business of his life\\n45 to break the eggs of the crocodile, which he is always\\nin search after. This instinct is the more remarkable,\\nbecause the ichneumon never feeds upon the eggs he has\\nbroken, nor in any other way finds his account in them.\\nWere it not for the incessant labours of this industrious\\n50 animal, Egypt, says the historian, would be overrun with\\ncrocodiles for the Egyptians are so far from destroying\\nthose pernicious creatures, that they worship them as\\ngods.\\nIf we look into the behaviour of ordinary partisans, we\\n55 shall find them far from resembling this disinterested\\nanimal and rather acting after the example of the wild\\nTartars, who are ambitious of destroying a man of the\\nmost extraordinary parts and accomplishments, as think-\\ning that upon his decease the same talents, whatever post\\n60 they qualified him for, enter of course into his destroyer.\\nAs in the whole train of my speculations I have en-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "No. 126.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 115\\ndeavoiired, as much as I am able, to extinguish that perni-\\ncious spirit of passion and prejudice which rages with the\\nsame violence in all parties, I am still the more desirous\\n65 of doing some good in this particuhir, because I observe\\nthat the spirit of party reigns more in the country than\\nin the town. It here contracts a kind of brutality and\\nrustic fierceness, to which men of a politer conversation\\nare wholly strangers. It extends itself even to the return\\n70 of the bow and the liat and at the same time that the\\nheads of parties preserve toward one another an outward\\nshow of good breeding, and keep uj) a perpetual inter-\\ncourse of civilities, their tools that are dispersed in these\\noutlying parts will not so much as mingle together at a\\n75 cock-match. This humour fills the country with several\\nperiodical meetings of Whig jockeys and Tory foxhunters,\\nnot to mention the innumerable curses, frowns, and\\nwhispers it produces at a quarter sessions.\\nI do not know whether I have observed in any of my\\n80 former ^^apers, that my friends Sir Roger de Coverleyand\\nSir Andrew Freeport are of different principles, the first\\nof them inclined to the landed and the other to the\\nmoneyed interest. This humour is so moderate in each of\\nthem, that it proceeds no farther than to an agreeable\\n85 raillery, which very often diverts the rest of the Club. I\\nfind, however, that the Knight is a much stronger Tory\\nin the country than in town, which, as he has told me in\\nmy ear, is absolutely necessary for the keeping up his\\ninterest. In all our journey from London to his house\\n90 we did not so much as bait at a AVhig inn or if by\\nchance the coachman stopjoed at a wrong place, one of Sir\\nRoger s servants would ride up to his master full speed,\\nand whisper to him that the master of the house was\\nagainst such an one in the last election. This often be-\\n95trayed us into hard beds and bad cheer for we were not\\nso inquisitive about the inn as the innkeeper and, pro-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "116 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 126.\\nvided our landlord s principles were sound, did not take\\nany notice of the staleness of his j^rovisions. This I\\nfound still the more inconvenient, because the better the\\n100 host was, the worse generally were his accommodations\\nthe fellow knowing very well that those who were his\\nfriends would take up with coarse diet and a hard lodg-\\ning. For these reasons, all the Avhile I was upon the\\nroad I dreaded entering into an house of any one that\\n105 Sir Roger had applauded for an honest man.\\nSince my stay at Sir Roger s in the country, I daily find\\nmore instances of this narrow party-humour. Being upon\\na bowling-green at a neighbouring market-town the other\\nday (for that is the place where the gentlemen of one\\n110 side meet once a week), I observed a stranger among\\nthem of a better presence and genteeler behaviour than\\nordinary but was much surprised, that, notwithstanding\\nhe was a very fair better, nobody would take him up. But\\nupon inquiry I found that he was one who had given a\\n115 disagreeable vote in a former parliament, for which rea-\\nson there was not a man upon that bowling-green who\\nwould have so much correspondence with him as to win\\nhis money of him.\\nAmong otlier instances of this nature, I must not omit\\n120 one which concerns myself. Will Wimble was the other\\nday relating several strange stories that he had picked up,\\nnobody knows where, of a certain great man and U23on\\nmy staring at him, as one that was surprised to hear such\\nthings in the country, which had never been so much as\\n125 whispered in the town. Will stopped short in the thread\\nof his discourse, and after dinner asked my friend Sir\\nRoger in his ear if he was sure that I was not a fanatic.\\nIt gives me a serious concern to see such a spirit of dis-\\nsension in the country not only as it destroys virtue\\n130 and common sense, and renders us in a manner barbarians\\ntowards one another, but as it perpetuates our animosi-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "No. 126.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 117\\nties, widens our breaches, and transmits our present pas-\\nsions and prejudices to our posterity. For my own part,\\nI am sometimes afraid that I discover the seeds of a civil\\n135 war in these our divisions and therefore cannot but be-\\nwail, as in their first principles, the miseries and calam-\\nities of our children.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "Sir Roger and the gypsies.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "No. 130.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 119\\nto lose a knife, a fork, or a spoon every time liis fortune\\nis told him, generally shuts himself uj) in the pantry\\nwith an old gypsy for above half an hour once in a twelve-\\nmonth. Sweetrliearts are the things tiiey live upon,\\n30 which they bestow very plentifully upon all those that\\napply themselves to them. You see now and then some\\nhandsome young jades among them they have very often\\nwhite teeth and black eyes.\\nSir Roger, observing that I listened with great atten-\\n35 tion to his account of a people who were so entirely new\\nto me, told me that if I would they should tell us our\\nfortunes. As I was very well pleased with the Knight s\\nproposal, we rid up and communicated our hands to\\nthem. A Cassandra of the crew, after having examined\\n40 my lines very diligently, told me that I loved a pretty\\nmaid in a corner, that I was a good woman s man, with\\nsome other particulars which I do not think proper to\\nrelate. My friend Sir Roger alighted from his horse,\\nand exposing his palm to two or three that stood by liim,\\n45 they crumpled it into all shapes, and diligently scanned\\nevery wrinkle that could be made in it when one of\\nthem, who was older and more sunburnt than the rest,\\ntold him that he had a widow in his line of life upon\\nwhich the Knight cried, Go, go, you are an idle bag-\\n50 gage, and at the same time smiled upon me. The\\ngypsy, finding he was not displeased in his heart, told\\nhim, after a farther inquiry into his hand, that his true\\nlove was constant, and that she should dream of him to-\\nnight my old friend cried Pish and bid her go on.\\n55 The gypsy told him that he was a bachelor, but would not\\nbe so long and that he was dearer to somebody than he\\nthought. The Knight still repeated she was an idle bag-\\ngage, and bid her go on. Ah, master, says the gypsy,\\nthat roguish leer of yours makes a pretty woman s heart\\n60 ache you ha n t that simper about the mouth for noth-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "120 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 130.\\ning The uncouth gibberish with which all this\\nwas uttered, like the darkness of an oracle, made us the\\nmore attentive to it. To be short, the Knight left the\\nmoney with her that he had crossed her hand with, and\\n65 got up again on his horse.\\nAs we were riding away, Sir Roger told me that he\\nknew several sensible people who believed these gypsies\\nnow and then foretold very strange things and for half\\nan hour together appeared more jocund than ordinary.\\n70 In the height of his good humour, meeting a common\\nbeggar upon the road, who was no conjurer, as he went\\nto relieve him he found his pocket was picked, that\\nbeing a kind of palmistry at which this race of vermin are\\nvery dexterous.\\n75 I might here entertain my reader with historical re-\\nmarks on this idle profligate people, who infest all the\\ncountries of Europe, and live in the midst of governments\\nin a kind of commonwealth by themselves. But instead\\nof entering into observations of this nature, I shall fill\\n80 the remaining part of my paper with a story which is still\\nfresh in Holland, and was printed in one of our monthly\\naccounts about twenty years ago. As the treksclmyt, or\\nhackney-boat, which carries passengers from Leyden to\\nAmsterdam, was putting off, a boy running along the\\n85 side of the canal desired to be taken in which the\\nmaster of the boat refused, because the lad had not quite\\nmoney enough to pay the usual fare. An eminent mer-\\nchant being pleased with the looks of the boy, and se-\\ncretly touched with compassion towards him, paid the\\n90 money for him, and ordered him to be taken onboard.\\nUpon talking with him afterwards, he found that he\\ncould speak readily in three or four languages, and\\nlearned upon farther examination that he had been stolen\\naway when he was a child by a gypsy, and had rambled\\n95 ever since with a gang of those strollers up and down", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "No. 130.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 121\\nseveral parts of Europe. It happened that the merchant,\\nwhose heart seems to have inclined towards the boy by a\\nsecret kind of instinct, had himself lost a child some\\nyears before. The parents, after a long search for him,\\n100 gave him for drowned in one of the canals with which\\nthat country abounds and the mother was so afflicted at\\nthe loss of a fine boy, who was her only son, that she died\\nfor grief of it. Upon laying together all particulars, and\\nexamining the several moles and marks by which the\\n105 mother used to describe the child when he was first miss-\\ning, tlie boy proved to be the son of the merchant, whose\\nheart had so unaccountably melted at the sight of him.\\nThe lad was very well pleased to find a father who was\\nso rich, and likely to leave him a good estate the father\\n110 on the other hand was not a little delighted to see a son\\nreturn to him, whom he had given for lost, with such a\\nstrength of constitution, sharpness of understanding, and\\nskill in languages.^ Here the printed story leaves off;\\nbut if I may give credit to reports, our linguist having\\n115 received such extraordinary rudiments towards a good\\neducation, was afterwards trained up in everything that\\nbecomes a gentleman wearing off by little and little\\nall the vicious habits and practices that he had been\\nused to in the course of his peregrinations. ISTay, it is\\n120 said that he has since been employed in foreign courts\\nupon national business, with great reputation to himself\\nand honour to those who sent him, and that he has visited\\nseveral countries as a public minister, in which he formerly\\nwandered as a gypsy.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "122 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 131.\\nXXVI. THE SPECTATOR DECIDES TO RETIRE TO\\nTHE TOWN.\\nNo. 131.] Tuesday, July 31, 1711. [Addison.\\nlj)sai riirsum concedite sylvce.\\nVirgil, Eclogues, x. 03.\\nIt is usual for a man who loves country sports to pre-\\nserve the game in his own grounds, and divert himself\\nupon those that belong to his neighbour. My friend Sir\\nRoger generally goes two or three miles from his house.\\nSand gets into the frontiers of his estate, before he beats\\nabout in search of a hare or partridge, on 23urpose to\\nspare his own fields, Avhere he is always sure of finding\\ndiversion when the worst comes to the worst. By this\\nmeans the breed about his house has time to increase and\\n10 multiply; besides that the sport is the more agreeable\\nwhere the game is tlie harder to come at, and where it\\ndoes not lie so thick as to produce any perplexity or con-\\nfusion in the pursuit. For these reasons the country\\ngentleman, like the fox, seldoms j^reys near liis own\\n15 home.\\nIn the same manner I have made a month s excursion out\\nof the town, which is the great field of game for sports-\\nmen of my species, to try my fortune in the country,\\nwhere I have started several subjects, and hunted them\\n20 down, with some pleasure to myself, and I hope to others.\\nI am here forced to use a great deal of diligence before I\\ncan spring anything to my mind whereas in town,\\nwhilst I am following one character, it is ten to one but I\\nam crossed in my way by another, and put up such a", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "No. 131.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 123\\n25 variety of odd creatures in both sexes, that they foil the\\nscent of one another, and puzzle the chase. My greatest\\ndifficulty in the country is to find sport, and, in town, to\\nchoose it. In the mean time, as I have given a whole\\nmontli s rest to the cities of London and Westminster, I\\n30 promise myself abundance of new game upon my return\\nthither.\\nIt is indeed high time for me to leave the country, since I\\nfind the whole neighbourhood begin to grow very inquisi-\\ntive after my name and character my love of solitude,\\n35 taciturnity, and particular way of life having raised a\\ngreat curiosity in all these parts.\\nThe notions which have been framed of me are various\\nsome look upon me as very proud, some as very modest,\\nand some as very melancholy. Will Wimble, as my\\n40 friend the butler tells me, observing me very much alone,\\nand extremely silent when I am in company, is afraid I\\nhave killed a man. The country people seem to suspect\\nme for a conjurer and, some of them hearing of the\\nvisit which I made to Moll White, will needs have it that\\n45 Sir Eoger has brought down a cunning man with him, to\\ncure the old woman, and free the country from her\\ncharms. So that the character which I go under in part\\nof the neighbourhood is what they here call a white\\nwitch.\\n50 A justice of peace, who lives about five miles off, and\\nis not of Sir Koger s party, has, it seems, said twice or\\nthrice at his table, that he wishes Sir Eoger does not\\nharbour a Jesuit in his house, and that he thinks the\\ngentlemen of the country would do very well to make me\\n55 give some account of myself.\\nOn the other side, some of Sir Roger s friends are\\nafraid the old Knight is imposed upon by a designing fel-\\nlow, and as they have heard that he converses very pro-\\nmiscuously when he is in town, do not know but he has", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "124 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 131.\\n60 brought down with him some discarded Whig, that is\\nsullen and says nothing because he is out of place.\\nSuch is the variety of opinions which are here enter-\\ntained of me, so that I pass among some for a disaffected\\nperson, and among others for a Popish priest among\\n65 some for a wizard, and among others for a murderer;\\nand all this for no other reason, that I can imagine, but\\nbecause I do not hoot and halloa and make a noise. It is\\ntrue my friend Sir Roger tells them that it is my way,\\nand that I am only a philosopher but this will not satisfy\\n70 them. They think there is more in me than he discovers,\\nand that I do not hold my tongue for nothing.\\nFor these and other reasons I shall set out for London\\nto-morrow, having found by experience that the country\\nis not a place for a person of my temper, who does not\\n75 love jollity, and what they call good neighbourhood. A\\nman that is out of humour when an unexpected guest\\nbreaks in upon him, and does not care for sacrificing an\\nafternoon to every chance-comer, that will be tlie master\\nof his own time, and the pursuer of his own inclinations,\\n80 makes but a very unsociable figure in this kind of life. I\\nshall therefore retire into the town, if I may make use of\\nthat phrase, and get into the crowd again as fast as I\\ncan, in order to be alone. I can there raise what specula-\\ntions I please upon others without being observed myself,\\n85 and at the same time enjoy all the advantages of company\\nwith all the privileges of solitude. In the meanwhile, to\\nfinish the month, and conclude these my rural specula-\\ntions, I shall here insert a letter from my friend Will\\nHoneycomb, who has not lived a month for these forty\\n90 years out of the smoke of London, and rallies me after\\nhis way upon my country life.\\nDear Spec,\\nI suppose this letter will find thee picking of daisies,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "No. 131.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 126\\nor smelling to a lock of hay, or passing a\\\\yay thy time in\\n95 some innocent country diversion of the like nature. I\\nhave, however, orders from the Club to summon thee up\\nto town, being all of us cursedly afraid thou wilt not be\\nable to relish our company, after thy conversations with\\nMoll White and Will Wimble. Pr ythee don t send us up\\n100 any more stories of a cock and a bull, nor frighten the\\ntown with spirits and witches. Thy speculations begin to\\nsmell confoundedly of woods and meadoAVS. If thou dost\\nnot come up quickly, we shall conclude that thou art in\\nlove with one of Sir Koger s dairy-maids. Service to the\\n105 Knight. Sir Andrew is grown the cock of the Club since\\nhe left us, and if he does not return quickly will make\\nevery mother s son of us Commonwealth s men.\\nDear Spec,\\nThine eternally,\\nWill Honeycomb.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "126 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 132.\\nXXVII. THE SPECTATOR S JOURNEY TO LONDON.\\nNo. 132.] Wednesday, August 1, 1711. [Steele.\\nQui, aut tempus quid j^ostulet non videt, aut x lura loquitur,\\naut se ostentat, aut eorum quibuscum est, rationem non liabet\\nis ineptus esse dicitur.\\nCicero, De Oratore, ii. 4.\\nHaving notified to my good friend Sir Roger that I\\nshould set out for London the next day, his horses were\\nready at the appointed hour in the evening and attended\\nby one of his grooms, I arrived at the county town at\\n5 twilight, in order to be ready for the stage-coach the day\\nfollowing. As soon as Ave arrived at the inn, tlie servant\\nwho waited upon me inquired of the chamberlain, in my\\nhearing, what company he had for the coach. The fel-\\nlow answered, Mrs. Betty Arable, the great fortune, and\\n10 the widow her motlier a recruiting officer (who took a\\nplace because they were to go) young Squire Quickset,\\nher cousin (that her mother wished her to be married to);\\nEphraim the Quaker, her guardian and a gentleman\\nthat had studied himself dumb, from Sir Roger de Cover-\\n15 ley s. I observed by what he said of myself, that accord-\\ning to his office, he dealt much in intelligence and\\ndoubted not but there was some foundation for his re-\\nports of the rest of the company, as well as for the whim-\\nsical account he gave of me. The next morning at day-\\n20 break we were all called; and I, who know my own\\nnatural shyness, and endeavour to be as little liable to be\\ndisputed with as possible, dressed immediately, that I\\nmight make no one wait. The first preparation for our\\nsetting out was, that the captain s half pike was placed\\n25 near the coachman, and a drum behind the coach. In", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "You see me, Madam, young, sound and impudent.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "No. 132.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 127\\nthe mean time the drummer, the captain s eqnipage, was\\nvery lond that none of the captain s things should be\\nplaced so as to be spoiled upon whicii his cloak-bag was\\nfixed in the seat of the coach and the captain himself,\\n30 according to a frequent, though invidious behaviour of\\nmilitary men, ordered his man to look sharp, that none\\nbut one of the ladies should have the place he had taken\\nfronting to the coach-box.\\nWe were in some little time fixed in our seats and sat\\n35 with that dislike which people not too good-natured\\nusually conceive of each other at first sight. The\\ncoach jumbled us insensibly into some sort of famil-\\niarity, and we had not moved above two miles, when the\\nwidow asked the captain what success he had in his re-\\n40 cruiting. The officer, with a frankness he believed very\\ngraceful, told her that indeed he had but very little luck,\\nand had suffered much by desertion, therefore should be\\nglad to end his warfare in the service of her or her fair\\ndaughter. ^^In a word, continued he, ^I am a soldier,\\n45 and to be plain is my character you see me, madam,\\nyoung, sound, and impudent take me yourself, Avidow,\\nor give me to her, I will be wholly at your disposal. I\\nam a soldier of fortune, ha This was followed by a\\nvain laugh of his own and a deep silence of all the rest\\n50 of the company. I had nothing left for it but to fall\\nfast asleep, which I did with all speed. Come, said\\nhe, resolve upon it, we will make a wedding at the next\\ntown we will wake this pleasant companion who has\\nfallen asleep, to be the brideman, and. giving the\\n55 Quaker a clap on the knee) he concluded, this sly saint,\\nwho, ril warrant, understands what s what as well as you\\nor I, widow, shall give the bride as father.\\nThe Quaker, who happened to be a man of smartness,\\nanswered, Friend, I take it in good part that thou hast\\n60 given me the authority of a father over this comely and", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "128 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 132.\\nvirtuous child and I must assure thee, that if I have the\\ngiving her, I shall not bestow her on thee. Thy mirth,\\nfriend, savoureth of folly thou art a person of a light\\nmind thy drum is a type of thee, it soundeth because it\\n65 is empty. Verily it is not from thy fulness, but thy\\nemptiness, that thou hast spoken this day. Friend,\\nfriend, we have hired this coach in partnership with thee\\nto carry us to the great city we cannot go any other way.\\nThis worthy mother must hear thee if thou wilt needs\\n70 utter thy follies we cannot help it, friend, I say if thou\\nwilt, we must hear thee but if thou wert a man of\\nunderstanding, thou wouldst not take advantage of thy\\ncourageous countenance to abash us children of peace.\\nThou art, thou sayest, a soldier give quarter to us, who\\n75 cannot resist thee. Why didst thou fleer at our friend,\\nwho feigned himself asleep He said nothing, but how\\ndost thou know what he containeth If thou speakest\\nimproper things in the hearing of this virtuous young vir-\\ngin, consider it is an outrage against a distressed person\\n80 that cannot get from thee to speak indiscreetly what we\\nare obliged to hear, by being hasped up with thee in this\\npublic vehicle, is in some degree assaulting on the high\\nroad.^\\nHere Ephraim paused, and the captain with an happy\\n85 and uncommon impudence (which can be convicted and\\nsupport itself at the same time) cries, Faith, friend, I\\nthank thee I should have been a little impertinent if thou\\nhadst not reprimanded me. Come, thou art, I see, a\\nsmoky old fellow, and I ll be very orderly the ensuing part\\n90 of the journey. I was going to give myself airs, but, ladies,\\nI beg pardon.\\nThe captain was so little out of humour, and our com-\\npany was so far from being soured by this little ruffle, that\\nEphraim and he took a particular delight in being agree-\\n95 able to each other for the future and assumed their differ-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "No. 132.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 129\\neiit provinces in the condnct of the company. Our reckon-\\ning, apartments, and accommodation fell under Ephraim\\nand the captain looked to all disputes on the road, as the\\ngood behaviour of our coachman, and the right we had of\\n100 taking place as going to London of all vehicles coming\\nfrom thence. The occurrences we met with were ordinary,\\nand very little happened which could entertain by the\\nrelation of them but when I considered the company we\\nwere in, I took it for no small good fortune that the whole\\n105 journey was not spent in impertinences, which to one part\\nof us might be an entertainment, to the other a suffering.\\nWhat, therefore, Ephraim said when we were almost\\narrived at London, had to me an air not only of good\\nunderstanding but good breeding. Upon the young lady s\\n110 expressing her satisfaction in the journey, and declaring\\nhow delightful it had been to her, Ephraim declared him-\\nself as follows There is no ordinary part of human life\\nAvhich expresseth so much a good mind, and a right inward\\nman, as his behaviour uj^on meeting with strangers, espe-\\n115 cially such as may seem the most unsuitable companions to\\nhim such a man, when he falleth in the way with persons\\nvt simplicity and innocence, however knowing he may be\\nin the ways of men, will not vaunt himself thereof but\\nwill the rather hide his superiority to them, that he may\\n120 not be painful unto them. My good friend, (continued\\nhe, turning to the officer), thee and I are to part by and\\nby, and peradventure we may never meet again but be\\nadvised by a j^lain man modes and apparel are but trifles\\nto the real man, therefore do not think such a man as thy-\\n125 self terrible for thy garb, nor such a one as me contemp-\\ntible for mine. When two such as thee and I meet, with\\naffections as we ought to have towards each other, thou\\nshouldst rejoice to see my ^Dcaceable demeanour, and I\\nshould be glad to see thy strength and ability to protect\\n130 me in it.\\n9", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "130 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 174.\\nXXVIII. SIR ROGER AND SIR ANDREW FREEPORT.\\nNo. 174.] Wednesday, September 19, 1711. [Steele.\\nHcec memiiii et victumfrustra contendere Tliyrsin.\\nVirgil, Eclogues, vii. 69.\\nThere is scarce anything more common than animosi-\\nties between parties that cannot subsist but by their agree-\\nment this was well represented in the sedition of the\\nmembers of the human body in the old Roman fable. It\\nsis often the case of lesser confederate states against a\\nsuperior power, which are hardly held together, though\\ntheir unanimity is necessary for their common safety\\nand this is always the case of the landed and trading inter-\\nest of Great Britain the trader is fed by the product of\\n10 the land, and the landed man cannot be clothed but by\\nthe skill of the trader and yet those interests are ever\\njarring.\\nWe had last winter an instance of this at our club, in\\nSir Roger de Coverley and Sir Andrew Freeport, between\\n15 whom there is generally a constant, though friendly, op-\\nposition of opinions. It happened that one of the com-\\npany, in an historical discourse, was observing, that Car-\\nthaginian faith was a proverbial phrase to intimate breach\\nof leagues. Sir Roger said it could hardly be otherwise\\n20 that the Carthaginians were the greatest traders in the\\nworld and as gain is the chief end of such a people, they\\nnever pursue any other the means to it are never regarded.\\nThey will, if it comes easily, get money honestly but if\\nnot, they will not scruple to attain it by fraud, or cozen-\\n25 age. And indeed, what is the whole business of the trader s\\naccount, but to overreach him who trusts to his memory", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "No. 174.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 131\\nBut were that not so, what can there great and noble be\\nexpected from him whose attention is forever fixed upon\\nbalancing his books, and watching over his expenses\\n30 And at best, let frugality and parsimony be the virtues of\\nthe merchant, how much is his punctual dealing below a\\ngentleman s charity to the poor, or hospitality among his\\nneighbours I\\nCaptain Sentry observed Sir Andrew very diligent in\\n35 hearing Sir Roger, and had a mind to turn the discourse,\\nby taking notice in general, from the highest to the lowest\\nparts of human society, there was a secret, though unjust,\\nway among men, of indulging the seeds of ill-nature and\\nenvy, by comparing their own state of life to that of\\n40 another, and grudging the approach of their neighbour to\\ntheir own happiness and on the other side, he who is the\\nless at his ease, repines at the other, who he thinks has\\nunjustly the advantage over him. Thus the civil and\\nmilitary lists look upon each other with much ill-nature\\n45 the soldier repines at the courtier s power, and the cour-\\ntier rallies the soldier s honour or, to come to lower in-\\nstances, the private men in the horse and foot of an army,\\nthe carmen and coachmen in the city streets, mutually\\nlook upon each other with ill-will, when they are in com-\\n50 petition for quarters or the way, in their respective\\nmotions.\\nIt is very well, good Captain, interrupted Sir Andrew,\\nyou may attempt to turn the discourse if you think fit\\nbut I must however have a word or two with Sir Roger,\\n55 who, I see, thinks he has paid me off, and been very\\nsevere upon the merchant. I shall not, continued he,\\nat this time remind Sir Roger of the great and noble\\nmonuments of charity and jDublic spirit, which have been\\nerected by merchants since the Reformation, but at present\\n60 content myself with what he allows us, parsimony and\\nfrugality. If it were consistent with the quality of so", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "132 ^IR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 174.\\nancient a baronet as Sir Roger, to keep an account, or\\nmeasure things by the most infallible way, that of num-\\nbers, he would prefer our parsimony to his hospitality.\\n65 If to drink so many hogsheads is to be hospitable, we do\\nnot contend for the fame of that virtue but it would be\\nworth while to consider, whether so many artificers at work\\nten days together by my appointment, or so many peasants\\nmade merry on Sir Roger s charge, are the men more\\n70 obliged I believe the families of the artificers will thank\\nme more than the households of the peasants shall Sir\\nRoger. Sir Roger gives to his men, but I place mine\\nabove the necessity or obligation of my bounty. I am in\\nvery little pain for the Roman proverb upon the Cartha-\\n75 ginian traders the Romans were their professed enemies.\\nI am only sorry no Carthaginian histories have come to\\nour hands we might have been taught perhaps by them\\nsome proverbs against the Roman generosity, in fighting\\nfor and bestowing other people s goods. But since Sir\\n80 Roger has taken occasion from an old proverb to be out of\\nhumour with merchants, it should be no offence to offer\\none not quite so old, in their defence. When a man hap-\\npens to break in Holland, they say of him that he has\\nnot kept true accounts. This phrase, perhaps, among\\n85 us, would appear a soft or humorous Avay of speaking, but\\nwith that exact nation it bears the highest reproach. For\\na man to be mistaken in the calculation of his expense, in\\nhis ability to answer future demands, or to be imperti-\\nnently sanguine in putting his credit to too great adven-\\n90 ture, are all instances of as much infamy as with gayer\\nnations to be failing in courage or common honesty.\\nNumbers are so much the measure of everything that\\nis valuable, that it is not possible to demonstrate the suc-\\ncess of any action, or the prudence of any undertaking,\\n95 without them. I say this in answer to what Sir Roger is\\npleased to say, that little that is truly noble can be ex-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "No. 174.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 133\\npected from one who is ever poring on his cash-book,\\nor balancing his accounts/ When I have my returns\\nfrom abroad, I can tell to a shilling, by the help of num-\\n100 bers, the profit or loss by my adventure but I ought\\nalso to be able to show that I had reason for making it,\\neither from my own experience or that of other people, or\\nfrom a reasonable presum2:)tion that my returns will be\\nsujSicient to answer my expense and hazard and this is\\n105 never to be done without the skill of numbers. For in-\\nstance, if I am to trade to Turkey, I ought beforehand to\\nknow the demand of our manufactures there as well as of\\ntheir silks in England, and the customary prices that are\\ngiven for both in each country. I ought to have a clear\\n110 knowledge of these matters beforehand, that I may pre-\\nsume upon sufficient returns to answer the charge of the\\ncargo I have fitted out, the freight and assurance out and\\nhome, the custom to the Queen, and the interest of my\\nown money, and besides all these ex^^enses a reasonable\\n115 profit to myself. Now what is there of scandal in this\\nskill What has the merchant done, that he should be\\nso little in the good graces of Sir Eoger He throws\\ndown no man s enclosures, and tramples upon no man s\\ncorn he takes nothing from the industrious labourer he\\n120 pays the poor man for his work; he communicates his\\nprofit with mankind by the preparation of his cargo, and\\nthe manufacture of his returns, he furnishes employment\\nand subsistence to greater numbers than the richest no-\\nbleman and even the nobleman is obliged to him for\\n125 finding out foreign markets for the produce of his estate,\\nand for making a great addition to his rents and 3^et tis\\ncertain that none of all these things could be done by\\nhim without the exercise of his skill in numbers.\\nThis is the economy of the merchant and the con-\\n130 duct of the gentleman must be the same, unless by scorn-\\ning to be the steward, he resolves the steward shall be the", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "134 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 174.\\ngentleman. The gentleman, no more than the merchant,\\nis able, without the help of numbers, to account for the\\nsuccess of any action, or the prudence of any adventure.\\n135 If, for instance, the chase is his whole adventure, his only\\nreturns must be the stag s horns in the great hall, and\\nthe fox s nose upon the stable door. Without doubt Sir\\nRoger knows the full value of these returns and if be-\\nforehand he had computed the charges of the chase, a\\n140 gentleman of his discretion would certainly have hanged\\nnp all his dogs he would never have brought back so\\nmany fine horses to the kennel he Avould never have gone\\nso often, like a blast, over fields of corn. If such, too,\\nhad been the conduct of all his ancestors, he might truly\\n145 have boasted at this day, that the antiquity of his family\\nhad never been sullied by a trade; a merchant had never\\nbeen permitted with his whole estate to purchase a room\\nfor his picture in the gallery of the Coverleys, or to claim\\nhis descent from tlie maid of honour. But tis very happy\\n150 for Sir Koger that the merchant paid so dear for his am-\\nbition. Tis the misfortune of many other gentlemen to\\nturn out of the seats of their ancestors, to make way for\\nsuch new masters as have been more exact in their ac-\\ncounts than themselves and certainly he deserves the\\n155 estate a great deal better who has got it by his industry\\nthan he who has lost it by his negligence.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "No. 251.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLET 135\\nXXIX. THE CRIES OF LONDON.\\nNo. 251.] Tuesday, December 18, 1711. [Addison.\\nLingiice centum siint, oraque centum.\\nFerrea vox\\nVirgil, JEneid, vi. 625.\\nThere is notliing which more astonishes a foreigner,\\nand frights a country squire, than the cries of London.\\nMy good friend Sir Roger often declares that he cannot\\nget them out of his head, or go to sleep for them, the first\\n5 week that he is in town. On the contrary, AVill Honey-\\ncomb calls them the ramage cle la ville, and prefers them\\nto the sounds of larks and nightingales, with all the music\\nof the fields and woods. I have lately received a letter\\nfrom some very odd fellow upon this subject, which I\\n10 shall leave with my reader, without saying anything fur-\\nther of it.\\n^SlR,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nI am a man of all business, and would willingly turn\\nmy head to anything for an honest livelihood. I have in-\\n15 vented several projects for raising many millions of money\\nwithout burthening the subject, but I cannot get the par-\\nliament to listen to me, who look upon me, forsooth, as a\\ncrack and a projector so that despairing to enrich either\\nmyself or my country by this public-spiritedness, I would\\n20 make some proposals to you relating to a design which I\\nhave very much at heart, and which may procure me a\\nhandsome subsistence, if you will be pleased to recommend\\nit to the cities of London and Westminster.\\nThe post I would aim at is to be Comptroller General\\n25 of the London Cries, which are at present under no man-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "136 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 251.\\nner of rules or discipline. I tliink I am pretty well quali-\\nfied for this place, as being a man of very strong lungs, of\\ngreat insight into all the branches of our British trades\\nand manufactures, and of a competent skill in music.\\n30 The cries of London may be divided into vocal and\\ninstrumental. As for the latter, they are at present under\\na very great disorder. A freeman of London has the\\nprivilege of disturbing a whole street for an hour together,\\nwith the twanking of a brass kettle or a frying-pan. The\\n35 watchman^s thump at midnight startles us in our beds, as\\nmuch as the breaking in of a thief. The sowgelder s horn\\nhas indeed something musical in it, but this is seldom\\nheard within the liberties. I would therefore propose,\\nthat no instrument of this nature should be made use of,\\n40 which I have not tuned and licensed, after having care-\\nfully examhied in what manner it may affect the ears of\\nher Majesty s liege subjects.\\nVocal cries are of a much larger extent, and, indeed,\\nso full of incongruities and barbarisms, that we appear a\\n45 distracted city to foreigners, who do not comprehend the\\nmeaning of such enormous outcries. Milk is generally\\nsold in a note above ela, and in sounds so exceeding shrill,\\nthat it often sets our teeth on edge. The chimney-\\nsweeper is confined to no certain pitch he sometimes ut-\\n50 ters himself in the deepest bass, and sometimes in the\\nsharpest treble, sometimes in the highest, and sometimes\\nin the lowest note of the gamut. The same observation\\nmight be made on the retailers of small coal, not to men-\\ntion broken glasses or brick-dust. In these, therefore,\\n55 and the like cases, it should be my care to sweeten and\\nmellow the voices of these itinerant tradesmen, before\\nthey make their appearance in our streets, as also to ac-\\ncommodate their cries to their respective wares and to\\ntake care in particular that those may not make the most\\n60 noise who have the least to sell, which is very observable", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "No. 251.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 137\\niu the venders of card-matches, to whom I cannot but ap-\\nply that old proverb of Much cry, but little wool.\\nSome of these last mentioned musicians are so very\\nloud in the sale of these trifling manufactures, that an\\n65 honest splenetic gentleman of my acquaintance bargained\\nwith one of them never to come into the street where he\\nlived. But what was the effect of this contract Why, the\\nwhole tribe of card-match-makers which frequent that\\nquarter passed by his door the very next day, in hopes of\\n70 being bought off after the same manner.\\nIt is another great imperfection in our London cries,\\nthat there is no just time nor measure observed in them.\\nOur news should, indeed, be published in a very quick\\ntime, because it is a commodity that will not keep cold.\\n75 It should not, however, be cried with the same precipita-\\ntion as fire yet this is generally the case. A bloody bat-\\ntle alarms the town from one end to another in an instant.\\nEvery motion of the French is published in so great a\\nhurry, that one would tliink the enemy were at our gates.\\n80 This likewise I would take upon me to regulate in such a\\nmanner, that there should be some distinction made be-\\ntween the spreading of a victory, a march, or an encamp-\\nment, a Dutch, a Portugal, or a Spanish mail. Nor must\\nI omit, under this head, those excessive alarms with which\\n85 several boisterous rustics infest our streets in turnip sea-\\nson and which are more inexcusable, because these are\\nwares which are in no danger of cooling upon their hands.\\nThere are others who affect a very slow time, and are,\\nin my opinion, much more tunable than the former the\\n90 cooper, in particular, swells his last note in a hollow voice,\\nthat is not without its harmony nor can I forbear being\\ninspired with a most agreeable melancholy, when I hear\\nthat sad and solemn air with which the public are very\\noften asked if they have any chairs to mend. Your own\\n95 memory may suggest to you many other lamentable ditties", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "138 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 251.\\nof the same nature, in which the music is wonderfully lan-\\nguishing and melodious.\\nI am always pleased with that particular time of the\\nyear which is proper for the pickling of dill and cucum-\\nlOObers but, alas, this cry, like the song of the nightingale,\\nis not heard above two months. It would therefore be\\nworth while to consider whether the same air might not\\nin some cases be adapted to other words.\\nIt might likewise deserve our most serious considera-\\n105 tion, how far, in a well-regulated city, those humourists\\nare to be tolerated, who, not contented with the tradi-\\ntional cries of their forefathers, have invented particular\\nsongs and tunes of their own such as was, not many\\nyears since, the pastry-man, commonly known by the name\\n110 of the colly-molly-puff and such as is at this day the ven-\\nder of powder and wash-balls, who, if I am rightly in-\\nformed, goes under the name of Powder Watt.\\n^I must not here omit one particular absurdity which\\nruns through this whole vociferous generation, and which\\n115 renders their cries very of ten not only incommodious, but\\naltogether useless to the public I mean that idle accom-\\nplishment, which they all of them aim at, of crying so as\\nnot to be understood. Whether or no they have learned\\nthis from several of our aifected singers, I will not take\\n120 upon me to say but most certain it is, that people know\\nthe wares they deal in rather by their tunes than by their\\nwords insomuch, that I have sometimes seen a country\\nboy run out to buy apples of a bellows-mender, and ginger-\\nbread from a grinder of knives and scissors. Nay, so\\n125 strangely infatuated are some very eminent artists of this\\nparticular grace in a cry, that none but their acquaintance\\nare able to guess at their profession for who else can\\nknow that Work if I had it should be the signification\\nof a corn-cutter\\n130 Forasmuch therefore, as persons of this rank are", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "No. 251.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 139\\nseldom men of genius or capacitjj I think it would be\\nvery proper, that some man of good sense and sound\\njudgment should preside over these public cries, who\\nshould permit none to lift up their voices in our streets,\\n135 that have not tunable throats, and are not only able to\\novercome the noise of the crowd, and the rattling of coaches,\\nbut also to vend their respective merchandises in apt\\nphrases, and in the most distinct and agreeable sounds.\\nI do therefore humbly recommend myself as a person\\n140 rightly qualified for this post and if I meet with fitting\\nencouragement, shall communicate some other projects\\nwhich I have by me, that may no less conduce to the\\nemolument of the public.\\nI am. Sir, c.\\nEalph Crotchet.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "140 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 269.\\nXXX. SIR ROGER COMES TO TOWN.\\nNo. 269.] Tuesday, January 8, 1712. [Addison.\\n^vo rarissima nostra\\nSimplicitas\\nOvid, Ars Amatoria, i. 241.\\nI WAS this morning surprised with a great knocking at\\nthe door, when my landlady s daughter came up to me,\\nand told me that there was a man below desired to speak\\nwith me. Upon my asking her who it was, she told me it\\n5 was a very grave, elderly person, but that she did not\\nknow his name. I immediately went down to him, and\\nfound him to be the coachman of my worthy friend Sir\\nRoger de Coverley. He told me that his master came to\\ntown last night, and would be glad to take a turn with me\\n10 in Gray s Inn Walks. As I was wondering in myself what\\nhad brought Sir Roger to town, not having lately received\\nany letter from him, he told me that his master was come\\nup to get a sight of Prince Eugene, and that he desired I\\nwould immediately meet him.\\n15 I was not a little pleased with the curiosity of the old\\nKnight, though I did not much wonder at it, having\\nheard him say more than once in j^rivate discourse, that\\nhe looked upon Prince Eugenic (for so the Knight always\\ncalls him) to be a greater man than Scanderbeg.\\n20 I was no sooner come into Gray s Inn AValks, but I\\nheard my friend upon the terrace hemming twice or thrice\\nto himself with great vigour, for he loves to clear his pipes\\nin good air (to make use of his own phrase), and ia not a\\nlittle pleased with any one who takes notice of the strength\\n25 which he still exerts in his morning hems.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "No. 269. J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 141\\nI was touched with a secret joy at the sight of the good\\nold man, who before lie saw me was engaged in conversa-\\ntion with a beggar-man that had asked an alms of him. I\\ncould hear my friend chide him for not finding out some\\n30 work but at the same time saw him put his hand in his\\npocket and give him sixpence.\\nOur salutations were very hearty on both sides, con-\\nsisting of many kind shakes of the hand, and several\\naffectionate looks which we cast upon one another. After\\n35 which the Knight told me my good friend his chaplain was\\nvery well, and much at my service, and that the Sunday\\nbefore he had made a most incomparable sermon out of\\nDoctor Barrow. I have left, says he, all my affairs\\nin his hands, and being willing to lay an obligation upon\\n40 him, have deposited with him thirty marks, to be distrib-\\nuted among his poor parishioners.\\nHe then proceeded to acquaint me with the welfare of\\nWill Wimble. Upon which he put his hand into his fob\\nand presented me in his name with a tobacco-stopper,\\n45 telling me that Will had been busy all the beginning of\\nthe winter, in turning great quantities of them and that\\nhe made a present of one to every gentleman in the\\ncountry who has good principles and smokes. He added\\nthat poor Will was at present under great tribulation, for\\n50 that Tom Touchy had taken the law of him for cutting\\nsome hazel sticks out of one of his hedges.\\nAmong other pieces of news which the Knight brought\\nfrom his country seat, he informed me that Moll White\\nwas dead and that about a month after her death the\\n55 wind was so very high that it blew down the end of one of\\nhis barns. But for my own part, says Sir Eoger, ^1\\ndo not think that the old woman had any hand in it.\\nHe afterwards fell into an account of the diversions\\nwhich had passed in his house during the holidays for\\n60 Sir Roger, after the laudable custom of his ancestors,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "142 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 269.\\nalways keeps open house at Christmas. I learned from\\nhim that he had killed eight fat hogs for the season, that\\nhe had dealt about his chines very liberally amongst his\\nneighbours, and that in particular he had sent a string of\\n65 hogs-puddings with a pack of cards to every poor family\\nin the parish. I have often thought, says Sir Roger,\\nit happens very well that Christmas should fall ont in the\\nmiddle of the winter. It is the most dead uncomfortable\\ntime of the year, when the poor people would suffer very\\n70 much from their poverty and cold, if they had not good\\ncheer, warm fires, and Christmas gambols to support them.\\nI love to rejoice their poor hearts at this season, and to see\\nthe whole village merry in my great hall. I allow a double\\nquantity of malt to my small beer, and set it a-running for\\n75 twelve days to every one that calls for it. I have always\\na piece of cold beef and a mince-pie uj^on the table, and\\nam wonderfully pleased to see my tenants pass away a\\nwhole evening in playing their innocent tricks, and\\nsmutting one another. Our friend Will Wimble is as\\n80 merry as any of them, and shows a thousand roguish\\ntricks upon these occasions.\\nI was very much delighted with the reflection of my old\\nfriend, which carried so much goodness in it. He then\\nlaunched out into the praise of the late Act of Parliament\\n85 for securing the Church of England, and told me, with\\ngreat satisfaction, that he believed it already began to\\ntake effect, for that a rigid Dissenter, who chanced to dine\\nat his house on Christmas day, had been observed to eat\\nvery plentifully of his plum-porridge.\\n90 After having dispatched all our country matters. Sir\\nRoger made several inquiries concerning the Club, and\\nparticularly of his old antagonist Sir Andrew Freeport.\\nHe asked me with a kind of smile whether Sir Andrew\\nhad not taken advantage of his absence, to vent among\\n95 them some of his republican doctrines but soon after.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "No. 269.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 143\\ngathering np ]iis countenance into a more than ordinary\\nseriousness, Tell me truly, says he, don t you think\\nSir Andrew had a hand in the Pope s Procession\\nbut without giving me time to answer him, Well, well,\\n100 says he, I know you are a wary man, and do not care to\\ntalk of public matters.\\nThe Knight then asked me if I had seen Prince Eu-\\ngenic, and made me promise to get him a stand in some\\nconvenient place where he might have a full sight of that\\n105 extraordinary man, whose presence does so much honour\\nto the British nation. He dwelt very long on the praises\\nof this great general, and I fonnd that, since I was with\\nhim in the country, he had drawn many observations to-\\ngether out of his reading in Baker s Chronicle, and other\\n110 authors, who always lie in his hall window, which very\\nmuch redound to the honour of this prince.\\nHaving passed away the greatest part of the morning\\nin hearing the Knight s reflections, which were partly pri-\\nvate, and partly political, he asked me if I would smoke\\n115 a pipe with him over a dish of coif ee at Squire s. As I\\nlove the old man, I take delight in complying with every-\\nthing that is agreeable to him, and accordingly waited\\non him to the coffee-house, where his venerable figure\\ndrew upon us the eyes of the whole room. He had no\\n120 sooner seated himself at the upper end of the high table,\\nbut he called for a clean pipe, a paper of tobacco, a dish\\nof coffee, a wax candle, and Tlie Supplement, with such\\nan air of cheerfulness and good-humour, that all the boys\\nin the coffee-room (who seemed to take pleasure in serv-\\n125 ing him) were at once employed on his several errands,\\ninsomuch that nobody else could come at a dish of tea,\\ntill the Knight had got all his conveniences about him.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "144 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 329.\\nXXXI. SIR ROGER IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.\\nNo. 329. Tuesday, March 18, 1712. [Addison.\\nIre tamen restat, Numa quo clevenit, et Ancus.\\nHorace, Epistles, I. vi. 27.\\nMy friend Sir Roger de Coverley told me t other night\\nthat he had been reading my ^oaper upon Westminster\\nAbbey, in which, says he, there are a great many inge-\\nnious fancies. He told me, at the same time, that he ob-\\n5 served I had promised another paper upon the tombs, and\\nthat he should be glad to go and see them with me, not\\nhaving visited them since he had read history. I could\\nnot at first imagine how this came into the Knight s head,\\ntill I recollected that he had been very busy all last sum-\\nlOmer upon Baker s Chronicle, which he has quoted several\\ntimes in his disputes with Sir Andrew Freeport since his\\nlast coming to town. Accordingly, I promised to call\\nupon him the next morning, that we might go together\\nto the Abbey.\\n15 I found the Knight under his butler s hands, who always\\nshaves him. lie was no sooner dressed than he called\\nfor a glass of the Widow Trueby s water, which he told\\nme he always drank before he went abroad. He recom-\\nmended me to a dram of it at the same time with so\\n20 much heartiness, that I could not forbear drinking it.\\nAs soon as I had got it down, I found it very unpalatable\\nupon which the Knight, observing that I had made several\\nwry faces, told me that he knew I should not like it at first,\\nbut that it was the best thing in the world against the\\n25 stone or gravel.\\nT could have Avished, indeed, that he had acquainted", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "No. 339.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 145\\nme with the virtues of it sooner but it was too late to\\ncomplain^ and I knew what he had done was out of good-\\nwilL Sir Roger told me, further, that he looked upon it\\n30 to be very good for a man whilst he stayed in town, to\\nkeep off infection and that he got together a quantity of\\nit upon the first news of the sickness being atDantzic\\nwhen of a sudden, turning short to one of his servants,\\nwho stood behind him, he bade him call a hackney-coach,\\n35 and take care it was an elderly man that drove it.\\nHe then resumed his discourse upon Mrs. Trueby s\\nwater, telling me that the Widow Trueby was one who\\ndid more good than all the doctors and apothecaries in\\nthe county that she distilled every poppy that grew\\n40 within five miles of her that she distributed her water\\ngratis among all sorts of jjeople to which the Knight\\nadded, that she had a very great jointure, and that the\\nwhole country would fain have it a match between him\\nand her And truly,^ says Sir Roger, if I had not\\n45 been engaged, perhajDS I could not have done better.\\nHis discourse was broken off by his man s telling him\\nhe had called a coach. Upon our going to it, after hav-\\ning cast his eye upon the wheels, he asked the coachman\\nif his axletree was good upon the fellow s telling him he\\n50 would warrant it, the Knight turned to me, told me he\\nlooked like an honest man, and went in without further\\nceremony.\\nWe had not gone far, when Sir Roger, popping out his^\\nhead, called the coachman down from his box, and upon\\n55 his presenting himself at the window, asked him if he\\nsmoked as I was considering what this would end in, he\\nbade him stop by the way at any good tobacconist s, and\\ntake in a roll of their best Virginia. Nothing material\\nhappened in the remaining part of our journey till we\\n60 were set down at the west end of the Abbey.\\nAs we went up the body of the church, the Knight\\nlo", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "146 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 329.\\npointed at the trophies upon one of tlie new monuments,\\nand cried out, A brave man, I warrant him Passing\\nafterwards by Sir Cloudesley Shovel, he flung his hand that\\n65 way, and cried, Sir Cloudesley Shovel a very gallant\\nman As we stood before Busby s tomb, the Knight\\nuttered himself again after the same manner Dr.\\nBusby, a great man he whipped my grandfather a very\\ngreat man I should have gone to him myself if I had\\n70 not been a blockhead a very great man\\nWe were immediately conducted into the little chapel on\\nthe right hand. Sir Eoger, planting liimself at our his-\\ntorian s elbow, was very attentive to everything he said,\\nparticularly to the account he gave us of the lord who had\\n75 cut off the King of Morocco s head. Among several other\\nfigures, he was very well pleased to see the statesman\\nCecil upon his knees and, concluding tiiem all to be\\ngreat men, was conducted to the figure which represents\\nthat martyr to good housewifery, who died by the prick\\n80 of a needle. Upon our interpreter s telling us that she\\nwas a maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth, the Knight was\\nvery inquisitive into her name and family and, after\\nhaving regarded her finger for some time, I wonder,\\nsays he, that Sir Eichard Baker has said nothing of her\\n85 in his CJn onide.\\nWe Avere then conveyed to the two coronation chairs,\\nwhere my old friend, after having heard that the stone\\nunderneath the most ancient of them, which was brought\\nfrom Scotland, was called Jacob s Pillar, sat himself down\\n90 in the chair and, looking like the figure of an old Gothic\\nking, asked our interpreter what authority they had to say\\nthat Jacob had ever been in Scotland. The fellow, in-\\nstead of returning him an answer, told him that he hoped\\nhis honour would pay his forfeit. I could observe Sir Roger\\n95 a little ruffled upon being thus trepanned but, our guide\\nnot insisting upon his demand, the Knight soon recover", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "No. 329.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 147\\nhis good humour, and whispered in my ear that if Will\\nWimble were with us, and saw those two chairs, it would\\ngo hard but he would get a tobacco-stopper out of one or\\n100 t other of them.\\nSir Eoger, in the next place, laid his hand upon Edward\\nthe Third s sword, and, leaning upon the pommel of it,\\ngave us the whole history of tlie Black Prince concluding\\nthat, in Sir Richard Baker s opinion, Edward the Third\\n105 was one of the greatest princes that ever sat upon the\\nEnglish throne.\\nWe were then shown Edward the Confessor s tomb, upon\\nwhich Sir Roger acquainted us that he was the first who\\ntouched for the evil and afterwards Henry the Fourth s,\\n110 upon wliich he shook his head, and told us there was fine\\nreading in the casualties in that reign.\\nOur conductor then j)ointed to that monument where\\nthere is the figure of one of our English kings without an\\nhead and upon giving us to know that the head, which\\n115 was of beaten silver, had been stolen away several years\\nsince, Some Whig, I ll warrant you, says Sir Roger\\nyou ought to lock up your kings better they will carry\\noff the body too if you don t take care.\\nThe glorious names of Henry the Fifth and Queen\\n120 Elizabeth gave the Knight great opportunities of shining\\nand of doing justice to Sir Richard Baker, who, as our\\nKnight observed with some surprise, had a great many\\nkings in him whose monuments he had not seen in the\\nAbbey.\\n125 For my own part, I could not but be pleased to see the\\nKnight show such an honest passion for the glory of his\\ncountry, and such a respectful gratitude to the memory\\nof its princes.\\nI must not omit that the benevolence of my good old\\n130 friend, which flows out towards every one he converses\\nwith, made him very kind to our interpreter, whom he", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "148 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 329.\\nlooked upon as an extraordinary man for wliicli reason\\nhe shook him by the hand at parting, telling him that he\\nshould be very glad to see him at his lodgings in Norfolk\\n135 Buildings, and talk over these matters with him more at\\nleisure.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "No. 331.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 149\\nXXXII. SIR ROGER UPON BEARDS.\\nNo. 831.J Thursday, March 20, 1712. [Budgell.\\nStolidaiii prcehet tibi vellere barbavi.\\nPersius, Satires, ii. 28.\\nWhen I was last with my friend Sir Roger in West-\\nminster Abbey, I observed tliat he stood longer than or-\\ndinary before the bust of a venerable old man. I was at a\\nloss to guess the reason of it, when, after some time, he\\n5 pointed to the figure, and asked me if I did not think that\\nour forefathers looked much wiser in their beards than we\\ndo without them For my part, says he, when I am\\nwalking in my gallery in the country, and see my ances-\\ntors, who many of them died before they were of my age,\\n10 I cannot forbear regarding them as so many old patri-\\narchs, and at the same time looking upon myself as an idle\\nsmock-faced young fellow. I love to see your Abrahams,\\nyour Isaacs, and your Jacobs, as we have them in old\\npieces of tapestry, with beards below their girdles, that\\n15 cover half the hangings. The Knight added, if I would\\nrecommend beards in one of my papers, and endeavour to\\nrestore human faces to their ancient dignity, that upon a\\nmonth s warning he would undertake to lead up the fashion\\nhimself in a pair of whiskers.\\n30 I smiled at my friend s fancy but, after we j^ H ted,\\ncould not forbear reflecting on the metamorphoses our\\nfaces have undergone in thj^ particular.\\nThe beard, conformable to the notion of my friend\\nSir Roger, \\\\vas for many ages looked upon as the type of\\n25 wisdom. Lucian more than once rallies the philosophers\\nof his time, who endeavoured to rival one another in beard", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "150 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 331.\\nand represents a learned man who stood for a j)i*of essorship\\nin philosophy as unqualified for it by the shortness of his\\nbeard.\\n30 ^^lian, in his account of Zoilus, the pretended critic,\\nwho wrote against Homer and Plato, and thought himself\\nwiser than all who had gone before him, tells us that this\\nZoilus had a very long beard that hung down upon his\\nbreast, but no hair wpon his head, which he always kept\\n35 close shaved, regarding, it seems, the hairs of his head as\\nso many suckers, Avliioh, if they had been suffered to grow,\\nmight have drawn away the nourishment from his chin,\\nand by that means have starved his beard.\\nI have read somewhere that one of the popes refused to\\n40 accept an edition of a saint s works, which were presented\\nto him, because the saint, in his effigies before the book,\\nwas drawn without a beard.\\nWe see by these instances what homage the world has\\nformerly paid to beards and that a barber was not then\\n45 allowed to make those depredations on the faces of the\\nlearned, which have been permitted him of later years.\\nAccordingly several wise nations have been so extremely\\njealous of the least ruffle offered to their beard that they\\nseem to have fixed the point of honour principally in that\\n50 part. The S^^aniards were wonderfully tender in this j)ar-\\nticular.\\nDon Quevedo, in his third vision on the last judgment,\\nhas carried the humour very far, when he tells us that one\\nof his vain-glorious countrymen, after having received\\n55 sentence, was taken into custody by a couple of evil\\nspirits but that his guides luqipening to disorder his\\nmustachios, they were forced to recompose them with a\\npair of curling-irons, before they could get him to file off.\\nIf we look into the history of our own nation, we shall\\n60 find that the beard flourished in the Saxon heptarchy,\\nbut was very much discouraged under the Norman line.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "No. 331.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 151\\nIt shot out, however, from time to time, in several reigns\\nunder different shapes. The last effort it made seems to\\nhave heen in Queen Mary s days, as the curious reader\\n65 may find if he pleases to peruse the figures of Cardinal\\nPole and Bishop Gardiner though, at the same time, I\\nthink it may be questioned, if zeal against popery has not\\ninduced our Protestant ]3^iiiters to extend the beards of\\nthese two persecutors beyond their natural dimensions, in\\n70 order to make them appear the more terrible.\\n\\\\I find but few beards worth taking notice of)in the\\nreign of King James the First.\\nDuring the civil wars there appeared one, which makes\\ntoo great a figure in story to be passed over in silence I\\n75 mean that of the redoubted Iludibras, an account of Avhich\\nButler has transmitted to posterity in the following lines\\nHis tawny beard was th equal grace\\nBoth of his wisdom and his face\\nIn out and dye so like a tile,\\nA sudden view it would beguile\\nThe upper part thereof was whey,\\nThe nether orange niixt with grey.\\nThe whisker continued for some time among us after\\nthe expiration of beards but this is a subject which I\\n85 shall not here enter upon, having discussed it at large in\\na distinct treatise, which I kee^^ by me in manuscript,\\nupon the mustachio.\\nIf my friend Sir Roger s project of introducing beards\\nshould take effect, I fear the luxury of the 23resent age\\n90 would make it a very expensive fashion. There is no\\nquestion but the beaux would soon j^rovide themselves with\\nfalse ones of the lightest colours and the most immoderate\\nlengths. A fair beard, of the tapestry size Sir Eoger\\nseems to approve, could not come under twenty guineas.\\n95 The famous golden beard of ^sculapius would hardly be", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "152 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 831.\\nmore valuable than one made in the extravagance of the\\nfashion.\\nBesides, we are not certain that the ladies would not\\ncome into the mode, when they take the air on horseback.\\n100 They already appear in hats and feathers, coats and peri-\\nwigs and I see no reason why we should not suppose that\\nthey would have their riding-beards on the same occasion.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "No. 335.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 153\\nXXXIII. SIR ROGER AT THE PLAY.\\nNo. 335.] Tuesday, March 25, 1712. [Addison.\\nRespicere exemplar vitce morumque jubebo\\nDoctum imitatorem, et veras hinc diicere voces.\\nHorace, Ars Poetica, 827.\\nMy friend Sir Roger de Coverley, when we last met to-\\ngether at the Club, told me that he had a great mind to\\nsee the new tragedy with me, assuring me at the same\\ntime that he had not been at a play these twenty years.\\n5 The last I saw, said Sir Roger, Mvas The Committee\\nwhich I should not have gone to neither, had not I been\\ntold beforehand that it was a good Churcli of England\\ncomedy. He then proceeded to inquire of me who this\\ndistressed mother was and, upon hearing that she was\\n10 Hector s widow, he told me that her husband was a brave\\nman, and that when he was a schoolboy, he had read his\\nlife at the end of the dictionary. My friend asked me, in\\nthe next place, if there would not be some danger in com-\\ning home late, in case the Mohocks should be abroad. I\\n15 assure you, says he, I thought I had fallen into their\\nhands last night for I observed two or three lusty black\\nmen that followed me half way up Fleet Street, and\\nmended their pace behind me in proportion as I put on to\\nget away from them. You must know, continued the\\n20 Knight with a smile, I fancied they had a mind to hunt\\nme for I remember an honest gentleman in my neighbour-\\nhood Avho was served such a trick in King Charles the\\nSecond s time for which reason he has not ventured him-\\nself in town ever since. I might have shown them very\\n25 good sport had this been their design for, as I am an old\\nfoxhunter, I should have turned and dodged, and have", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "154 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 335.\\nplayed them a thousand tricks they had never seen in tlieir\\nlives before. Sir Roger added that if these gentlemen\\nhad any such intention they did not succeed very well in\\n30 it: ^^for I threw them out, says he, at the end of\\nNorfolk Street, where I doubled the corner and got shelter\\nin my lodgings before they could imagine what was become\\nof me. However/ says the Knight, if Captain Sentry\\nwill make one with us to-morrow night, and if you will\\n35 both of you call upon me about four o clock, that we may\\nbe at the house before it is full, I will have my own coach\\nin readiness to attend you, for John tells me he has got\\nthe fore wheels mended.\\nThe Captain, who did not fail to meet me there at the\\n40 appointed liour, bid Sir Eoger fear nothing, for that he\\nhad put on the same sword which he made use of at the\\nbattle of Steenkirk. Sir Roger s servants, and among the\\nrest my old friend the butler, had, I found, provided\\nthemselves with good oaken plants to attend their master\\n45 upon this occasion. AVhon he had placed him in his\\ncoach with myself at his left hand, the Captain before him,\\nand his butler at the head of his footmen in the rear, we\\nconvoyed him in safety to the playhouse, where, after\\nhaving marched up the entry in good order, the Captain\\n50 and I went in with him, and seated him betwixt us in the\\npit. As soon as the house was full, and the candles lighted,\\nmy old friend stood up and looked about him with that\\npleasure which a mind seasoned with humanity naturally\\nfeels in itself at the sight of a multitude of people who\\n55 seem j^leased with one another, and partake of the same\\ncommon entertainment. I could not but fancy to myself,\\nas the old man stood up in the middle of the pit, that he\\nmade a very proper centre to a tragic audience. Upon\\nthe entering of Pyrrhus, the Knight told me that he did\\n60 not believe the King of France himself had a better strut.\\nI was, indeed, very attentive to my old friend s remarks,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "No. 335.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 155\\nbecause I looked upon them as a piece of natural criti-\\ncism, and was well pleased to hear him, at the conclusion\\nof almost every scene, telling me that he could not im-\\n65agine how the play would end. One while he appeared\\nmuch concerned for Andromache, and a little while after\\nas much for Hermione, and was extremely puzzled to\\nthink what would become of Pyrrhus.\\nWhen Sir Roger saw Andromache s obstinate refusal to\\n70 her lover s importunities, he wliispered me in the ear that\\nhe was sure she would never have him to which he added,\\nwitli a more than ordinary vehemence, You can t ima-\\ngine, Sir, what tis to have to do with a widow. Upon\\nPyrrhus his threatening afterwards to leave her, the Knight\\n75 shook his head, and muttered to himself, Ay, do if you\\ncan. This part dwelt so much upon my friend s imagirta-\\ntion, that at the close of the third act, as I was thinking\\nof something else, he whispered in my ear, These\\nwidows. Sir, are the most perverse creatures in the world.\\n80 But pray, says he, ^^you that are a critic, is this play\\naccording to your dramatic rules, as you call them\\nShould your people in tragedy always talk, to be under-\\nstood Why, there is not a single sentence in this play\\nthat I do not know tlie meaning of.\\n85 The fourth act very luckily began before I had time to\\ngive the old gentleman an answer. AVell, says the\\nKnight, sitting down with great satisfaction, I suppose\\nwe are now to see Hector s ghost. He then renewed his\\nattention, and, from time to time, fell a-joraising the\\n90 Widow. He made, indeed, a little mistake as to one of her\\npages, whom at his first entering he took for Astyanax\\nbut he quickly set himself right in that particular, though,\\nat the same time, he owned he should have been very glad\\nto have seen tlie little boy, who, says he, must needs\\n95 be a very fine child by the account that is given of him.\\nUpon Hermione s going off with a menace to Pyrrhus, the", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "156 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 335.\\naudience gave a loud clap, to which Sir Roger added,\\nOn my word, a notable young baggage\\nAs there was a very remarkable silence and stillness in\\n100 the audience during the whole action, it was natural for\\nthem to take the opportunity of these intervals between\\nthe acts to express their opinion of the phiyers and of their\\nrespective parts. Sir Roger hearing a cluster of them\\npraise Orestes, struck in with them, and told them that\\n105 he thought liis friend Pylades was a very sensible man\\nas they were afterwards applauding Pyrrhus, Sir Roger\\nput in a second time And let me tell you, says he,\\nthough he speaks but little, I like the old fellow in\\nwhiskers as well as any of them. Captain Sentry seeing\\n110 two or three wags, who sat near us, lean with an attentive\\near towards Sir Roger, and fearing lest they should smoke\\nthe Knight, plucked him by the elbow, and whispered\\nsomething in his ear, that lasted till the opening of the\\nfifth act. The Knight was wonderfully attentive to the\\n115 account which Orestes gives of Pyrrhus his death, and, at\\nthe conclusion of it, told me it was such a bloody piece of\\nwork that he was glad it was not done upon the stage.\\nSeeing afterwards Orestes in his raving fit, he grew more\\nthan ordinary serious, and took occasion to moralize (in\\n120 his way) upon an evil conscience, adding, that Orestes, in\\nhis madness, looked as if he saw something.\\nAs we were the first that came into the house, so we\\nwere the last that went out of it being resolved to have\\na clear passage for our old friend, whom we did not care\\n125 to venture among the jostling of the crowd. Sir Roger\\nwent out fully satisfied with his entertainment, and we\\nguarded him to his lodgings in the same manner that we\\nbrought him to the play-house being highly pleased, for\\nmy own part, not only with the performance of the excel-\\n130 lent piece which had been presented, but with the satis-\\nfaction which it had given to the good old man.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "No. 359.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 157\\nXXXIV. WILL HONEYCOMB ON LOVE.\\nNo. 359.] Tuesday, April 22, 1712. [Budgell.\\nTorva lecena lupum sequitur, lupus ipse capellam\\nFlorentem cytisum sequitur lasciva capella.\\nVirgil, Eclogues, ii. 63.\\nAs we were at the Club last night, I observed that my\\nfriend Sir Roger, contrary to his usual custom, sat very\\nsilent, and, instead of minding what was said by the com-\\npany, was whistling to himself in a very thoughtful mood,\\n5 and playing with a cork. I jogged Sir Andrew Freeport,\\nwho sat between us and as we were both observing him,\\nwe saw the Knight shake his head, and heard him say to\\nhimself, A foolish woman I can t believe it. Sir\\nAndrew gave him a gentle j^at upon the shoulder, and\\nlOoifered to lay him a bottle of wine that he was thinking of\\nthe Widow. My old friend started, and recovering out of\\nhis brown study, told Sir Andrew that once in his life he\\nhad been in the right. In short, after some little hesita-\\ntion. Sir Roger told us in the fulness of his heart, that he\\n15 had just received a letter from his steward, which ac-\\nquainted him that his old rival and antagonist in the\\ncounty. Sir David Dundrum, had been making a visit to\\nthe Widow. However, says Sir Roger, I can never\\nthink that she ll have a man that s half a year older than\\n20 I am, and a noted Republican into the bargain.\\nWill Honeycomb, who looks upon love as his particular\\nprovince, interrupting our friend with a jaunty laugh\\nI thought. Knight, says he, thou hadst lived long\\nenough in the world not to pin thy happiness upon one\\n25 that is a woman and a widow. I think that without", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "158 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 359.\\nvanity I may pretend to know as much of the female\\nworld as any man in Great Britain, though the chief of\\nmy knowledge consists in this, that they are not to he\\nknown. AVill immediately, with his usual fluency, ram-\\nSObledintoan account of his own amours. I am now,\\nsays he, ^upon the verge of fifty (though, by the way, we\\nall knew he was turned of threescore). You may easily\\nguess, continued Will, that I have not lived so long\\nin the world without having had some thoughts of settling\\n35 in it, as the phrase is. To tell you truly, I have several\\ntimes tried my fortune that way, though I can t much\\nboast of my success.\\nI made my first addresses to a young lady in the coun-\\ntry but when I thought things were pretty well drawing\\n40 to a conclusion, her father happening to hear that I had\\nformerly boarded with a surgeon, the old put forbid me\\nhis house, and within a fortnight after married his daugh-\\nter to a foxhunter in the neighbourhood.\\n^^I made my next applications to a widow, and attacked\\n45 her so briskly that I thought myself within a fortnight of\\nher. As I waited upon her one morning, she told me that\\nshe intended to keep her ready money and jointure in her\\nown hand, and desired me to call upon her attorney in\\nLyon s Inn, who would adjust with me what it was proper\\n50 for me to add to it. I was so rebuffed by this overture\\nthat I never inquired either for her or her attorney after-\\nwards.\\nA few months after I addressed myself to a young\\nlady, who was an only daughter, and of a good family. I\\n55 danced with her at several balls, squeezed her by the hand,\\nsaid soft things to her, and, in short, made no doubt of\\nher heart and, though my fortune was not equal to hers, I\\nwas in hopes that her fond father would not deny her the\\nman she had fixed her affections upon. But as I went\\n60 one day to the house in order to break the matter to him,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "No. 359.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 159\\nI found the whole family in confusion, and heard, to my\\nunspeakable surprise, that Miss Jenny was that very morn-\\ning run away with the butler.\\nI then courted a second widow, and am at a loss to\\n65 this day how I came to miss her, for she had often com-\\nmended my 2^erson and behaviour. Her maid, indeed, told\\nme one day, that her mistress had said she never saw a\\ngentleman with such a spindle pair of legs as Mr. Honey-\\ncomb.\\n70 After this I laid siege to four heiresses successively,\\nand being a handsome young dog in those days, quickly\\nmade a breach in their hearts but I don t know how it\\ncame to pass, though 1 seldom failed of getting the daugh-\\nters consent, I could never in my life get the old people\\n75 on my side.\\n1 could give you an account of a thousand other un-\\nsuccessful attempts, particularly of one which I made some\\nyears since upon an old woman, whom I had certainly\\nborne away with flying colours, if her relations had not\\n80 come pouring in to her assistance from all parts of Eng-\\nland nay, I believe I should have got her at last, had\\nnot she been carried off by an hard frost.\\nAs Will s transitions are extremely quick, he turned\\nfrom Sir Roger, and, applying himself to me, told me\\n85 there was a passage in the book I had considered last Sat-\\nurday, which deserved to be writ in letters of gold and\\ntaking out a pocket Milton, read the following lines, which\\nare part of one of Adam s speeches to Eve after the fall\\nOh why did our\\nCreator wise, that peopled highest heav n\\nWith spirits mascuUne, create at last\\nThis novelty on earth, this fair defect\\nOf Nature and not fill the world at once\\nWith men, as angels, without feminine,\\n95 Or find some other way to generate\\nMankind This mischief had not then befall n,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "160 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY fNo. 359.\\nAnd more that shall befall innumerable\\nDisturbances on eartli through female snares,\\nAnd strait conjunction with tliis sex for either\\n100 He never shall find out fit mate, but such\\nAs some misfortune brings him or mistake\\nOr, whom he wishes most shall seldom gain\\nThrough her perverseness but shall see her gain d\\nBy a far worse or if she love, withheld\\n105 By parents or his happiest choice too late\\nShall meet, already link d and wedlock bound\\nTo a fell adversary, his hate or shame\\nWhich infinite calamity shall cause\\nTo human life, and household peace confound.\\n110 Sir Roger listened to this passage with great attention,\\nand desiring Mr. Honeycomb to fold down a leaf at the\\nplace, and lend him his book, the Knight pnt it np in his\\npocket, and told us that he would read over those verses\\nagain before he went to bed.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "No. 383.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 161\\nXXXV. SIR ROGER AT VAUXHALL.\\nNo. 383.] Tuesday, May 20, 1712. [Addison.\\nCriminibiis debent Hortos\\nJuvenal, Satires, i. 75.\\nAs I was sitting in my chamber and thinking on a sub-\\nject for my next Spectator, I heard two or three irregular\\nbounces at my landlady s door, and, upon the opening of\\nit, a loud cheerful voice inquiring whether the philosopher\\n5 was at home. The child who went to the door answered\\nvery innocently, that he did not lodge there. I immedi-\\nately recollected that it was my good friend Sir Rogers\\nvoice and that I had promised to go with him on the\\nwater to Spring Garden, in case it proved a good evening.\\n10 The Knight put me in mind of my promise from the bot-\\ntom of the staircase, but told me that if I was speculat-\\ning he would stay below till I had done. Upon my com-\\ning down, I found all the children of the family got about\\nmy old friend, and my landlady herself, who is a notable\\n15 prating gossip, engaged in a conference with him, being\\nmightily pleased with his stroking her little boy upon the\\nhead, and bidding him be a good child, and mind his\\nbook.\\nWe were no sooner come to the Temple Stairs, but we\\n20 were surrounded with a crowd of watermen, offering us\\ntheir respective services. Sir Roger, after having looked\\nabout him very attentively, spied one with a wooden leg,\\nand immediately gave him orders to get his boat ready.\\nAs we were walking towards it, You must know, says\\n25 Sir Roger, I never make use of anybody to row me that\\nhas not either lost a leg or an arm. I would rather bate\\nII", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "162 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 383.\\nhim a few strokes of his oar iluin not employ an honest\\nman that has been wounded in the Queen s service. If I\\nwas a lord or a bishop, and kept a barge, I would not put\\n30 a fellow in my livery that bad not a wooden leg.\\nMy old friend, after having seated himself, and trimmed\\nthe boat with his coachman, who, being a very sober\\nman, always serves for ballast on these occasions, we made\\nthe best of our way for Yauxhall. Sir Roger obliged the\\n35 waterman to give us the history of his right leg, and bear-\\ning that he had left it atLaHogue, with many particulars\\nwhich passed in that glorious action, the Knight, in the tri-\\numph of bis heart, made several reflections on the greatness\\nof the British nation as, that one Englishman could beat\\n40 three Frenchmen; that we could never be in danger of\\nPopery so long as we took care of our fleet that the Thames\\nwas the noblest river in Europe tbat London Bridge was a\\ngreater piece of work than any of the seven wonders of tbe\\nworld with many other honest prejudices which natu-\\n45 rally cleave to the heart of a true Englishman.\\nAfter some short pause, the old Knight, turning about\\nhis head twice or thrice to take a survey of this great me-\\ntropolis, bid me observe how thick the City was set with\\nchurches, and that there was scarce a single steeple on\\n50 this side Temple Bar. A most heathenish sight I says\\nSir Roger there is no religion at this end of the town.\\nThe fifty new cburches will very much mend the prospect\\nbut church work is slow, church work is slow I\\nI do not remember I have anywhere mentioned, in Sir\\n55 Roger s character, his custom of saluting everybody tliat\\npasses by him with a good-morrow or a good-night. This\\nthe old man does out of the overflowings of his humanity,\\nthough at the same time it renders him so popular among\\nall his country neighbours, tliat it is thought to have gone\\n60 a good way in making him once or twice knight of the\\nshire. He cannot forbear this exercise of benevolence", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "No. 383.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 163\\neven in town, wlien lie meets with any one in his morning\\nor evening walk. It broke from him to several boats that\\npassed by us upon the water but to the Knight s great\\n65 surprise, as he gave the good-night to two or three young\\nfellows a little before our landing, one of them, instead\\nof returning the civility, asked us what queer old put\\nwe had in the boat, with a great deal of the like Thames\\nribaldry. Sir Roger seemed a little shocked at first, but\\n70 at length, assuming a face of magistracy, told us that if\\nhe were a Middlesex justice, he would make such vagrants\\nknow that Her Majesty s subjects were no more to be\\nabused by water than by land.\\nWe were now arrived at Spring Garden, which is ex-\\n75 quisitely pleasant at this time of year. When I considered\\nthe fragrancy of the walks and bowers, with the choirs of\\nbirds that sang upon the trees, and the loose tribe of peo-\\nple that walked under their shades, I could not but look\\nupon the place as a kind of Mahometan paradise. Sir\\n80 Roger told me it put him in mind of a little coppice by\\nhis house in the country, which his chaplain used to call\\nan aviary of nightingales. You must understand, says\\nthe Knight, there is nothing in the world that pleases a\\nman in love so much as your nightingale. Ah, Mr. Spec-\\n85 tator the many moonlight nights that I have walked by\\nmyself, and thought on the Widow by the music of the\\nnightingales He here fetched a deep sigh, and was\\nfalling into a fit of musing, when a mask, who came be-\\nhind him, gave him a gentle tap upon the shoulder, and\\n90 asked him if he would drink a bottle of mead with\\nher. But the Knight being startled at so unexpected a\\nfamiliarity, and displeased to be interrupted in his thoughts\\nof the Widow, told her she was a wanton baggage, and\\nbid her go about her business.\\n95 We concluded our walk with a glass of Burton ale and a\\nslice of hung beef. When we had done e ating ourselves,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "164 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 383.\\nthe Knight called a waiter to him, and bid him carry the\\nremainder to the waterman that had but one leg. I per-\\nceived the fellow stared upon him at the oddiiess of the\\n100 message, and was going to be saucy upon which I rati-\\nfied the Knight s commands with a peremptory look.\\nAs we were going out of the garden, my old friend, think-\\ning himself obliged, as a member of the quorum, to animad-\\nvert upon the morals of the place, told the mistress of the\\n105 house, who sat at the bar, that he should be a better cus-\\ntomer to her garden if there were more nightingales and\\nfewer bad characters.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "No. 517. J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 1^5\\nXXXVI. DEATH OF SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY.\\nNo. 517.] Thursday, October 23, 1713. [Addison^\\nHeu Pietas heu prisca Fides\\nVirgil, ^neid, vi. 878.\\nWe last night received a piece of ill news at our Club,\\nwhich very sensibly afflicted every one of us. I question\\nnot but my readers themselves will be troubled at the hear-\\ning of it. To keep them no longer in suspense, Sir Rog-\\n5 er de Coverley is dead. He departed this life at his house\\nin the country, after a few weeks sickness. Sir Andrew\\nFreeport has a letter from one of his correspondents in\\nthose parts, that informs him the old man caught a cold\\nat the county-sessions, as he was very warmly promoting\\n10 an address of his own penning, in which he succeeded ac-\\ncording to his wishes. But this particular comes from a\\nAVhig justice of peace, who was always Sir Eoger s enemy\\nand antagonist. I have letters both from the chaplain\\nand Captain Sentry which mention nothing of it, but are\\n15 filled with many particulars to the honour of the good old\\nman. I have likewise a letter from the butler, who took\\nso much care of me last summer when I was at the Knight s\\nhouse. As my friend the butler mentions, in the simpli-\\ncity of his heart, several circumstances the others have\\n20 passed over in silence, I shall give my reader a copy of\\nhis letter, without any alteration or diminution.\\nHonoured Sir,\\nKnowing that you was my old master s good friend,\\nI could not forbear sending you the melancholy news of", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "166 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 517.\\n25 his death, which has afflicted the whole country, as well\\nas his poor servants, who loved him, I may say, better\\nthan we did our lives. I am afraid he caught liis death\\nthe last county sessions, where he would go to see justice\\ndone to a poor widow woman, and her fatherless children,\\n30 that had been wronged by a neighbouring gentleman\\nfor you know, sir, my good master was always the poor\\nman s friend. Upon his coming home, the first complaint\\nhe made was that he had lost his roast-beef stomach, not\\nbeing able to touch a sirloin, which was served up accord-\\n35 ing to custom and you know he used to take great delight\\nin it. From that time forward he grew worse and worse,\\nbut still kept a good heart to the last. Indeed we were\\nonce in great hope of his recovery, upon a kind message\\nthat was sent him from the widow lady whom he had\\n40 made love to the forty last years of his life but this only\\nproved a lightening before death. He has bequeathed to\\nthis lady, as a token of his love, a great pearl necklace,\\nand a couple of silver bracelets set with jewels, which be-\\nlonged to my good old lady his mother. He has bequeathed\\n45 the fine white gelding, that he used to ride a-hunting\\nupon, to his chaplain, because he thought he would be\\nkind to him and has left you all his books. He has,\\nmoreover, bequeathed to the chaplain a very prettj\\ntenement with good lands about it. It being a very cold\\nSOtlay when he made his Avill, he left for mourning, to every\\nman in the parish, a great frieze coat, and to every woman\\na black riding-hood. It was a most moving sight to see\\nhim take leave of his poor servants, commending us all for\\nour fidelity, whilst we w^ere not able to speak a word for\\n55 weeping. As we most of us are grown grey-headed in our\\ndear master s service, he has left us pensions and legacies,\\nwhich we may live very comfortably upon the remaining\\npart of our days. He has bequeathed a great deal more\\nin charity, which is not yet come to my knowledge, and", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "No. 517.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 167\\n60 it is peremptorily said in tlie parish, that lie has left\\nmoney to build a steeple to the church for he was heard\\nto sa} some time ago, that if he lived two years longer,\\nCoverley Church should have a stee^^le to it. The chaplain\\ntells everybody that he made a very good end, and never\\nGSSjieaksof him without tears. lie was buried, according\\nto his own directions, among the family of the Coverleys,\\non the left hand of his father Sir Arthur. The coffin was\\ncarried by six of his tenants, and the pall held up by six\\nof the Quorum. The whole parish followed the corpse with\\n70 heavy hearts, and in their mourning suits, the men in\\nfrieze, and the women in riding-hoods. Cajitain Sentry,\\nmy master s nephew, has taken possession of the hall-\\nhouse, and the whole estate. When my old master saw\\nhim a little before his death, he shook him by the\\n75 hand, and wished him joy of the estate Avhicli was falling\\nto him, desiring him only to make good use of it, and to\\npay the several legacies, and the gifts of charity which he\\ntold him he had left as quit-rents upon the estate. The\\nC*aptain truh seems a courteous man, though he says but\\n80 little. lie makes much of those whom my master loved,\\nand shows great kindness to tlie old house-dog, that you\\nknow my poor master was so fond of. It would have\\ngone to your heart to have heard the moans the dumb\\ncreature made on the day of my master s death. He has\\n85 never joyed himself since no more has any of us. Twas\\nthe melancholiest day for the poor people that ever\\nhappened in Worcestershire. This being all from,\\nHonoured Sir,\\nYour most sorrowful servant,\\n90 Edward Biscuit.\\nP.S My master desired, some weeks before he died,\\nthat a book which comes up to you by the carrier should\\nbe given to Sir Andrew Freeport in his name.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "108 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 517.\\nThis letter, notwithstanding the poor butler s manner\\n95 of writing it, gave us such an idea of our good old friend,\\nthat upon the reading of it there was not a dry eye in the\\nClub. Sir Andrew opening the book, found it to be a\\ncollection of Acts of Parliament. There was in particular\\nthe Act of Uniformity, with some passages in it marked\\n100 by Sir Roger s own hand. Sir Andrew found that they\\nrelated to two or three points, which he had disputed with\\nSir Roger the last time he appeared at the Club. Sir\\nAndrew, who would have been merry at such an incident\\non another occasion, at the sight of the old man s hand-\\n105 writing burst into tears, and put the book into his pocket.\\nCaptain Sentry informs me, that the Knight has left rings\\nand mourning for every one in the Club.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "No. 544.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 169\\nNo. 544.] Monday, November 24, 1713. [Steele.\\nNunquam ita quisquam bene suhducta ratione ad vitam fuit\\nQuia res, ^tas usus semper aliquid apportet novi\\nAliquid moneat, ut ilia, quce te scire credas, nescias\\nEt, quae tibi putaris prima, in experiundo ut repudies.\\nTerence, Adelph. Act v. Sc. 4.\\nThere are^ I think, Sentiments in the following Let-\\nter from my Friend Captain Sentry, which discover a\\nrational and equal Frame of Mind, as well prepared for\\nan advantaoreous as an unfortunate Change of Condition.\\n5 Coverley-Hall, Nov. 15, Woixestersliire.\\nSir,\\nI am come to the Succession of the Estate of my\\nhonoured Kinsman Sir Roger de Coverlet and I\\nassure you I find it no easy Task to keep up the Figure\\n10 of Master of the Fortune which was so handsomely\\nenjoyed by that honest plain Man. I cannot (with re-\\nspect to the great Obligations T have, be it spoken) reflect\\nupon his Character, but I am confirmed in the Truth\\nwhich I have, I think, heard spoken at the Club, to wit,\\n15 That a Man of a warm and well-disposed Heart with a\\nvery small Capacity, is highly superior in human Society\\nto him who with the greatest Talents is cold and languid\\nin his Affections. But, alas why do I make a difficulty\\nin speaking of my worthy Ancestor s Failings His\\n20 little Absurdities and Incapacity for the Conversation of\\nthe politest Men are dead with him, and his greater\\nQualities are even now useful to him. I know not\\nwhether by naming those Disabilities I do not enhance\\nhis Merit, since he has left behind him a Reputation in", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "lYO SIR ROGER DE COVERLET [No. 544.\\nhis Country which would be wortli tlie Pains of the\\nwisest Man s whole Life to jirrive at. By the way I must\\nobserve to you, that many of your Headers have mistook\\nthat Passage in your Writings, wherein Sir Roger is\\nreported to have enquired into the private Character of\\nthe young Woman at the Tavern. I know you mentioned,\\nthat Circumstance as an Instance of the Simplicity and\\nInnocence of his Mind, wliicli made him imagine it a\\nvery easy thing to reclaim one of those Criminals, and\\nnot as an Inclination in him to be guilty with her. The\\nless discerning of your Readers cannot enter into that\\nDelicacy of Description in the Character But indeed\\nmy chief Business at this time is to represent to you my\\npresent State of Mind, and the Satisfactions I promise to\\nmy self in the Possession of my new Fortune. I have\\ncontinued all Sir Roger s Servants, except such as it was\\na Relief to dismiss into little Beings Avithin my Manor\\nThose who are in a List of tlie good Knight s own\\nHand to be taken care of by me, I have quartered upon\\nsuch as have taken newLeases of me, and added so many\\nAdvantages during the Lives of the Persons so quartered,\\nthat it is the Interest of those whom they are joined witli,\\nto cherish and befriend them ujion all Occasions. I find\\na considerable Sum of ready Money, which I am laying\\nout among my Dependants at the common Interest, but\\nwith a Design to lend it according to their Merit, rather\\nthan according to their Ability. I shall lay a Tax upon\\nsuch as I have highly obliged, to become Security to me\\nfor such of their own poor Youth, whether Male or\\nFemale, as want Help towards getting into some Being\\nin the World. I hope I shall be able to manage my\\nAffairs so, as to improve my Fortune every Year, by\\ndoing Acts of Kindness. I will lend my Money to the\\nUse of none but indigent Men, secured by such as have\\nceased to be indigent by the Favour of my Family or my", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "No. 544.J SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY lYl\\nself. What makes this the more practicable, is, that if\\nthey will do any one Good with my Money, they are\\nwelcome to it upon their own Security And I make no\\nException against it, because the Persons who enter into\\nthe Obligations, do it for their own Family. 1 have\\nlaid out four thousand Pounds this way, and it is not to\\nbe imagined what a Crowd of People are obliged by it.\\nIn Cases where Sir Roger has recommended, I have lent\\n]\\\\Ioney to put out Children, with a Clause which makes\\nvoid the Obligation, in case the Infant dies before he is\\nout of his Apprenticeship by which means the Kindred\\nand Masters are extremely careful of breeding. him to\\nIndustry, that he may repay it himself by his Labour, in\\nthree Years Journey work after his Time is out, for the\\nUse of his Securities. Opi)ortunities of this kind are\\nall tliat have occurred since I came to my Estate but I\\nassure you I will preserve a constant Disposition to\\ncatch at all the Occasions I can to promote the Good\\nand Happiness of my Neighbourhood.\\nBut give me leave to lay before you a little Estab-\\nlishment wliicli has grown out of my past Life, that I\\ndoubt not, will administer great Satisfaction to me in\\nthat Part of it, whatever that is, wdiich is to come.\\nThere is a Prejudice in favour of the Way of Life to\\nwhich a Man has been educated, which I know not\\nwhether it would not be faulty to overcome It is like a\\nPartiality to the Interest of one s own Country before that\\nof any other Nation. It is from an Habit of Thinking,\\ngrown upon me from my Youth spent in Arms, that I\\nhave ever held Gentlemen, who have preserved Modesty,\\nGood-nature, Justice, and Humanity in a Soldier s Life,\\nto be the most valuable and worthy Persons of the human\\nRace. To pass through imminent Dangers, suffer painful\\nAYatchings, frightful Alarms, and laborious Marches for\\nthe greater part of a Man s Time, and pass the rest in a", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "172 SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY [No. 544.\\nSobriety conformable to the Rules of the most virtuous\\ncivil Life, is a Merit too great to deserve the Treatment it\\nusually meets witii among the other part of the World.\\nBut I assure you, Sir, were there not very many who\\nhave this Worth, we could never have seen the glorious\\nEvents which we have in our Days. I need not say more\\nto illustrate the Character of a Soldier, than to tell you\\nhe is the very contrary to him you observe loud, sawcy,\\nand over-bearing in a red Coat about Town. But I was\\ngoing to tell you, that in Honour of the Profession of\\nArms, I have set apart a certain Sum of Money for a\\nTable for such Gentlemen as have served their Country\\nin the Army, and will please from Time to Time to\\nsojourn all, or any Part of the Year, at Coverley. Such of\\nthem as will do me that Honour, shall find Horses, Ser-\\nvants, and all things necessary for their Accommoda-\\ntion and Enjoyment of all the Conveniences of Life in\\na pleasant various Country. If Colonel Camjjei felt be\\nin Town, and his Abilities are not employ d another way\\nin the Service, there is no Man would be more wel-\\ncome here. That Gentleman^s thorough Knowledge in\\nhis Profession, together with the Simplicity of his Man-\\nners, and Goodness of his Heart, would induce others\\nlike him to honour my Abode and I should be glad\\nmy Acquaintance would take themselves to be invited\\nor not, as their Characters have an Affinity to his.\\nI would have all my Friends know, that they need not\\nfear (though I am become a Country Gentleman) I will\\ntrespass against their Temperance and Sobriety. Xo,\\nSir, I shall retain so much of the good Sentiments for\\nthe Conduct of Life, which we cultivated in each other\\nat our Club, as to contemn all inordinate Pleasures But\\nparticularly remember, with our beloved Tiilly, that the\\nDelight in Food consists in Desire, not Satiety. They\\nwho most passionately pursue Pleasure, seldomest arrive", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "No. 544.] SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY 173\\n130 at it. Now I am writing to a Philosopher, I cannot for-\\nbear mentioning the Satisfaction I took in tlie Passage I\\nread Yesterday in tlie same Tully, A Nobleman of\\nAthens made a Compliment to Plato the Morning after\\nhe had supped at his House, Yonr Entertainments do not\\n135 only please when you give them, hut also the Day after.\\nI am. My worthy Friend,\\nYour most ohedient humble Servant,\\nWilliam Sentky.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "NOTES\\nSPECTATOR, No. 1\\nMotto. See Appendix I.\\n13 own history. Compare the description in Spectator. No. 101.\\n50 foreign countries. Travel on the Continent had for several\\ncenturies been considered essential to the education of a\\ngentleman. For Steele s estimate of its value, see No. 364.\\n56 controversies. This is supposed to refer to the Pyramido-\\ngixtpliia of John Greaves, a Persian scholar, professor of\\ngeometr}^ at Gresham College, London, and afterwards\\nprofessor of astronomy at Oxford. The work had been\\npublished in 1646, but in 1703 there appeared a pamphlet\\nascribed to him, and entitled The On gine and Antiquity\\nof our English Weights and Pleasures discovered by their\\nnear Agreement unth such Standards that are now found\\nin one of the Egyptian Pyramids.\\n68 Will s coffee-house, on Russell Street, Covent Garden, was\\nthe favorite of Dryden, and remained after his death the\\nchief resort of wits and poets. In the days of The Spec-\\ntator its credit was declining, and Addison withdrew, in\\n1712, to Button s, a new house near by. Child s, in St.\\nPaul s Churchyard, was, from its nearness to Doctors\\nCommons, the Royal Society, and the College of Physi-\\ncians, the resort of clergjnnen, physicians, and members\\nof the Royal Society. St. James s coffee-house, in St.\\nJames s Street, Pall Mall, was frequented by Whig states-\\nmen and members of Parliament. The Grecian, named\\nfrom the fact that it was originally kept by a Greek, was\\nin the Strand, close to the Temple, and was the resort\\nchiefly of lawyers and of scholars, who went there\\nto discuss questions of philosophy and learning. See\\n175", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "176 NOTES\\nSpectator, No. 49. The Cocoa-Tree, a chocolate-house, in\\nSt. James s Street, was frequented by the Tories. Jona-\\nthan s, in Change Alley, was the resort of merchants and\\nstock-jobbers.\\nFor a description of the coffee-houses of the day, see\\nSpectator^ No. 49 for Addison s account of a visit to some\\nof the most important of them, Spectator, No. 403 for the\\nrelation of the coffee-houses to the literature of the time.\\nGreen s History of the English People, bk. viii., cli. iv.\\nCompare with Addison s description, Tatler, No. 1.\\n72 The Postman, a penny paper, said, by Dunton the bookseller,\\nto be the best for every thing of the papers of the day.\\nSee Tatler, Nos. 178 and 232.\\n78 The Drury Lane and the Hay-Market were the only two impor-\\ntant theatres of Addison s time. The Hay-Market v.^as\\nused for the then popular Italian opera.\\n117 lived in vain. For the moral purpose of The Spectator, com-\\npare Nos. 34 and 262.\\n143 letters. A large number of letters was sent to The Spec-\\ntator. See Nos. 16, 46, 271, 428,442. Two volumes\\nof Original and Genuine Letters sent to the Tatler and\\nSpectator, were published in 1725 by Lillie, the per-\\nfumer, with Steele s name on the title-page. G. Gre-\\ngory Smith.\\n143 Little Britain, a short street near Bartholomew s Hospital,\\nwas as great a centre for booksellers in the reigns of\\nthe Stuarts as Paternoster Row is now. Hare: Walks\\nin London. See Irving Tlie Sketch-Book, Little Britain.\\nThe Spectator, in its first daily issue, was Printed for\\nSam. Buckley, at the Dolphin in Little Britain and sold\\nby A. Baldwin in Warwick Lane.^ Daily Courant,\\nMarch 11, 1711.\\nAddison signed his papers, C, L. I., or O. Steele, R.\\norT. For Addison s answer to inquisitive gentlemen,\\non the subject of the signature, see Spectator, No. 221.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 2\\n1 society. The Spectator is full of references to the clubs\\nwhich were so marked a feature of the time. See esj)e-\\ncially Nos. 9 and 72.\\n2 Sir Roger de Coverley. The character is said to have been", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "NOTES 177\\ndrawn from a Sir John Pakington of Worcestershire.\\nThe attempt to refer the characters of Tlie Spectator to\\nparticular people is perhaps due chiefly to Johnson s state-\\nment, based on a remark of Budgell s, that they were\\nnot merely ideal they were then known, and conspicuous\\nin various stations. Johnson Lives of the Poets, Addi-\\nson. The effort to find their originals has led to much\\nantiquarian gossip, but the chief result has been to con-\\nvince us of its futility. The real originals of the char-\\nacters of The Spectator are the more lightly sketched\\ncharacters of The Tatler. See Tatler, No. 271.\\n4 Country dance. Tlie tune was at first known as Roger of\\nCaulverley. For another name, see Tatler, No. 34.\\n14 Soho Square, tlien a new and fashionable part of town. See\\nTatler, No. 37.\\n43 Inner Temple, one of the four Inns of Court, Lincoln s Inn,\\nthe Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, and Gray s Inn.\\nThese societies, which originated in the thirteenth cen-\\ntury, had the exclusive right of conferring the degree of\\nbarrister-at-law. They were called inns because they\\noriginally admitted pupils as boarders.\\n71 tiU the play begins. The Daily Courant for October 5, 1703,\\ncontains the following notice And whereas the\\nAudiences have been incommoded by the Plays usually\\nbeginning too late, the Company of the said Tlieatre do\\ntherefore give Notice that they will constantly begin at\\nFive a Clock without fail, and continue the Same Hour\\nall the Winter. Mary E. Litchfield.\\n73 The Rose tavern, later included by Garrick in the Drury\\nLane Theatre, was at this time an actors home, said to\\nbe the resort of the looser sort of play-goers. Henry\\nMORLEY.\\n172 Tom Mirabell. A gallant from Farquhar s Comedy, The\\nInconstant.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 6\\n26 Lincoln s-inn-fields, west of Lincoln s Inn, a square long fre.\\nquented by roughs and beggars.\\n70 Sir Richard Blackmore. Preface to Prince Arthur. Third\\nedition, 1696. The sentences in the first quotation are\\nseparated in the original.\\n12", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "178 NOTES\\nSPECTATOR, No. 34\\n24 opera. For references to Italian opera, see Spectator, Nos.\\n5, 13, 14, 18, 22, 29. 31.\\n24 puppet-show. Spectator, Nos. 14 and 31, and Tatler, No. 16.\\n118 Roman triumvirate. See Julius Ccesar, act iv., sc. 1. See also\\nPlutarch, Antony.\\n126 animadvert upon it. It should be remembered that Steele was\\ndeeply interested in the attempt to purify the stage.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 37\\n3 Leonora. Note a letter from Leonora in Spectator, No. 92.\\n9 lady s library. Addison discusses this subject in Spectator,\\nNo. 92. Steele had alreadj^ touched on it in Tatler, No.\\n248, and in 1714 he published a compilation called The\\nLadies Library. See also Spectator, No. 79.\\n11 lady came to me. For the supposed journal of a fashionable\\nlady, see Spectator, No. 323, and The English Lady s\\nCatechis7n, quoted in Ashton, Social Life in the Reign\\nof Queen Anne, ch. viii.\\n14 china. The mania for collecting china is frequently referred\\nto in the literature of the time. See Tatler, No. 23, and\\nSpectator, Nos. 37, 69, 252, 288, 299.\\n47 Cassandra (1642) and Cleopatra (1647) were French ro-\\nmances by the Seigneur de la Calprenede.\\n49 Astrsea, a pastoral romance by Honore D Urfe, bore a strong\\ngeneral resemblance to Sidney s Arcadia.\\n51 The Grand Cyrus. Artamene, or The Grand Cyrus, by IMa-\\ndame de Scudery (1648-1653), remained the most popular\\nof the iieroic romances until superseded by the works of\\nDefoe, Richardson, and Fielding.\\n53 Pembroke. Sir Philip Sidney.\\n57 The dictionary may refer to Glossographia Anglicana\\nNova or a Dictionary interpreting such hard irords of\\nivhatever language as are at present used in the English\\nTongue (Loud., 1707). G. Gregory Smith.\\n59 The Fifteen Comforts of Matrimony (1682) was an English ver-\\nsion of Quinze Joies de niariage.\u00e2\u0080\u0094G. Gregory Smith.\\n61 The Search after Truth, tlie best known work of the then\\nfamous Frenchman, Father Nicolas Malebranche, had\\nbeen translated into English in 1694.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "NOTES I ^g\\n64 The Academy of Compliments (1685). Books on manners and\\nspeech were iiuicli read at this time. Madame de Scudeiy s\\nConversations, translated into English, was exceedingly\\npopular.\\n66 The Ladies Calling. Tlie Ladies Calling, by the Author of\\nthe Whole Duty of Man, was a popular octavo, of which\\nthe seventh edition was published at Oxford in 1700.\\nG. Gregory Smith.\\n67 Tales in Verse. Tales Tragical and Comical (1704).\\n70 The Elzevirs were books printed and published by the Elzevir\\nfamily at Amsterdam and some other places from the\\nend of the sixteenth to the end of the seventeenth centurj-.\\n71 Clelia. A second very popular romance (1654) by Madame\\nde Scudery.\\n73 Baker s Chronicle of the Kings of England. The ninth edition\\nappeared in 1696. See Spectator, No. 269.\\n74 The Advice to a Daughter may be the translation of Fene-\\nlon s Traite de Vediication des Jilles, referred to in No.\\n95. G. Gregory Smith.\\n75 The New Atlantis, by Mary de la Eiviere Man ley.\\n79 The Speech of Henry Sacheverell, D.D., upon his Impeachment.\\n80 Fieldinj s Trial probably refers to one of the several short\\naccounts of the trial for bigamy of a certain Robert\\nFielding.\\n83 La Ferte s Instructions may refer to a Second Part of the\\nDancing Master, or Directions for Country Dances (1696).\\n106 gardens. For a description of the new gardening to which\\nPope and Addison gave their allegiance, see Spectator,\\nNos. 414 and 477.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 106\\n105 The Bishop of St. Asaph was at this time Dr. William Fleet-\\nwood His predecessor, who may be referred to, was Dr.\\nWilliam Beveridge.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 107\\n62 falls, alienates. Another attendant or consequence of\\ntenure by knight-service was that ot fines due to the lord\\nfor every alienation, whenever the tenant had occasion\\nto make over his land to another. Blackstone Com,\\nmentaries, bk. ii., ch. v., 72.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "180 NOTES\\n65 service. For corruption of manners in servants, see Ashton,\\nSocial Life in the Reign of Queen Anne, ch. vi. See\\nalso Spectator, Nos. 88 and 137.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 108\\n3 Mr. William Wimble. For Mr. Thomas Gules of Gule-Hall,\\nthe prototype of Will Wimble, see Tatler, No. 256.\\n16 Eton College, one of the most famous of the great English\\nschools, founded in 1441 by Henry VI., was situated on\\nthe Thames near Windsor.\\n37 tulip-root. A passion for tulips, sometimes called Tulip\\nMania, took possession of Holland in tlie seventeenth\\ncentury, and affected England to some extent at the same\\ntime. Mr. Bickerstaff refers to it in Tatler, No. 218.\\n116 speculation. For discussion of the over-crowding of the pro-\\nfessions and the evils resulting therefrom, see Spectator,\\nNos. 21 and 174.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 109\\n45 coflfee-house. Jenny Mann s Tilt- Yard Coffee-House w^as a\\nmilitary resort. Tlie T ilt-Yard Isiy in front of the old\\nBanqueting-Hall, towards Charing Cross. G. Gregory\\nSmith.\\n55 petticoat. For a discussion of the new fashion of petticoat,\\nsee Spectator, No. 127.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 110\\n10 that call upon Him. Psalm cxlvii., 9, Prayer-book version.\\n41 Association of Ideas. Essay concerning Human Understand-\\ning, bk. ii., ch. xxxiii., par. 10.\\n95 Lucretius. De Rerum Natura, iv., 25.\\nHI Josephtts. Antiquities of the Jews, bk. xvii., ch. xiii., iv.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 112\\nCompare witli this paper the Spectator s remarks on be-\\nhavior in churcii in Spectator, Nos. 50, 158, 282, 380.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 113\\n10 Widow. Those who wish to know more of the lady wdio is\\naccepted as the original of the Widow may consult", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "NOTES 181\\nNichols s Illustrations, iv., 820, W. Henry Wills s Sir\\nRoger de Coverley (1850), and an article in Lougvian s\\nMagazine, April, 1897. G. Gregory Smith.\\n172 epigram. Martial, Epigrams, 1., Ixviii., 1-6.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 114\\n9o elegant author. Dr. Thomas Sprat, the Bishop of Rochester.\\nHe wrote a Life in Latin as a preface to the edition of\\nCowley s Latin poems.\\n98 great vulgar. See Cowley s paraphrase of Horace s ode, Odi\\nProfanum Vidgus\\nHence, ye profane, I hate ye all,\\nBoth the great vulgar and the small.\\nEssays of Greatrtess.\\n132 life I love. Essays of Greatness.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 115\\n100 Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), one of the most eminent\\nphysicians of his time.\\n104 Medicina Gymnastica or, a Treatise concerning the Power\\nof Exercise, with respect to the Animal Economy, by\\nFrancis Fuller (1704).\\n114 exercises. Artio Gymnasticce a pud Antiquos, by Hieronymus\\nMercurialis, published at Venice in 1569.\\n115 GKiouax o. denotes either an exercise for the hands and feet,\\nor a mock fight, fighting with a shadow.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 116\\n41 stop-hounds. Henry H., in his breeding of hounds,\\nis said to have been careful not only that they should\\nbe fleet, but also well-tongued and consonous the\\nsame care in Elizabeth s time is, in the passage quoted\\nby the Spectator, attributed by Shakespeare to Duke\\nTheseus and the paper itself shows that care was\\ntaken to match tlie voices of a pack in the reign also of\\nQueen Anne. Henry IMorley.\\n61 horn. Act iv. sc. i. Note Addison s use of mouths for\\nmouth in tlie Shakespeare text.\\n129 threw down his pole. Only the gentlemen are represented\\nas being on horseback, the huntsmen having leaping-poles.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "182 NOTES\\nThis was better for them than being mounted, for the\\ncountry was nothing like as cultivated as now, and\\nperfectly undrained, so that they could go straighter on\\nfoot, and with these poles leaps could be taken that no\\nhorseman would attemi)t. Ashton Social Life in the\\nReign of Queen Anne, ch. xxiii.\\n145 Misery of Man. Pensees de Pascal, art. 7.\\n178 Epistle xv. to John Dryden, Esq., of Chesterton, 11.73, 74,\\n88-95.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 117\\n10 witchcraft. The law against witchcraft, passed in 1603,\\nremained in force until 1736. In 1712, Jane Wenham\\nof Walkerne was condemned to death for witchcraft, but\\nby the efforts of the judge she was pardoned. In 1712,\\na Mrs. Hicks and her daughter, a child of nine, were\\nhanged on the same charge. The jiersecutions of witches\\nat Salem were at their height in 1692.\\n50 wretchedness. The Orphan, act ii.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 118\\n1 This agreeable seat. Note in this paper the genuine love of\\nnature. Compare Spectator, Nos. 393 and 414. For ob-\\nservation of animals, see Spectator, Nos. 120 and 121.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 119\\n99 head-dresses. For a fuller account of their head-dresses, see\\nSpectator, No. 98. See also Sydney s England in the\\nEighteenth Century, vol. i., ch. iv.\\n105 post. For the letter, see Spectator, No. 129.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 121\\n16 Bayle. Bayle s Dictionary, published in 1695, was trans-\\nlated into English in 1710. Bayle has been called the\\nShakespeare of dictionary-makers. He was perhaps\\nthe most influential of the skeptical thinkers of the eight-\\neenth century.\\n25 Dampier, a noted English navigator and buccaneer, published,\\nin 1697 and later, accounts of his voyages round the world.\\n68 instance. Essay concerning Human Under staiiding, hk. ii.,\\nch. ix. 13.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "NOTES 183\\n85 Henry More s Antidote against Atheisme, bk. ii., ch. 10, 5.\\n116 Mr, Boyle s remark. Disquisitioii about the Final Causes of\\nNatural Things, 3.\\n137 The Royal Society was incorporated in 1662 by Charles II.\\nIt was formed in 1646 in Oxford for the informal discus-\\nsion of questions of natural philosophy, and has since then\\nbeen the most influential scientific body of England.\\n166 Tully. Marcus TuUius Cicero, De Natiira Deorum.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 122\\n26 Game Act. This act, passed in the reign of James I., pro-\\nvided that if anyone whose yearly income from real\\nestate was less than forty pounds a year presumed to\\nshoot game, lie could be deprived of guns, bows, dogs, etc.,\\nby anyone having a year!} income from real estate of a\\nhundred pounds or more, the goods thus taken becoming\\nthe property of the confiscator. This law remained in\\nforce until 1827.\\n101 sign-post. The Saracen s head liad been, from the time of\\nthe Crusades, a favorite sign for inns. It usually repre-\\nsented a man with a very savage countenance.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 128\\n50 The Gazette, the official paper. Steele was appointed gazet-\\nteer in 1707.\\n59 Mr. Cowley. Essays, The Danger of Procrastination.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 125\\n2 Parties. Party spirit was particularly intense and bitter at\\nthis time. For reflections on it, see Spectator, Nos. 57,\\n81, 507, 629, and Tatler, No. 155. For the Spectator s atti-\\ntude, see Spectator, No. 16.\\n7 St. Anne s Lane, near St. Martin s le Grand and Aldersgate\\nStreet. Hare Walks in London. Other authorities\\nmake it St. Anne s Street, Westminster.\\n45 Plutarch says. Moralia, ii. 91, De Inimicorum Utilitate.\\nLife of Pericles (towards the end).\\n54 that great rule. Luke vi. 27-35.\\n104 League. The Holy Catholic League, formed in 1576 to pre^\\nvent the accession of Henry IV., lasted till he became a\\nCatholic in 1593.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "184: NOTES\\nSPECTATOR, No. 126\\n42 Diodorus Siculus. Latin version of Bibliothecce HistoriccBy\\nlib. i., XXXV., Ixxxiii.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 127\\nNo. 127 has little connection with the Sir Roger de Coverley\\nPapers, but the exquisite description with which it begins\\nis here given entire It is our custom at Sir Roger s, upon\\nthe corning in of the post, to sit about a pot of coffee, and\\nhear the old Knight read Dyer s Letter which he does\\nwith his spectacles upon his nose, and in an audible voice,\\nsmiling very often at those little strokes of satire, which\\nare so frequent in the writings of that author. For\\nDyer s Letter, see Spectator, Nos. 127 and 457.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 130\\n73 palmistry. Compare the pun at tlie end of Spectator, No.\\n115, and see Spectator, Nos. 61, 62, 279, 396, 440.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 131\\n29 A city, in English law, is a town which is or has been the\\nsee of a bishop. Thus Westminster, which had been a\\ncathedral diocese in the early part of the sixteenth cen-\\ntury, did not lose its privilege when the bishopric was\\nsuppressed.\\n48 White Witch. According to popular belief, there were\\nthree classes of Witches,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 White, Black, and Gray. The\\nfirst helped, but could not hurt the second the reverse,\\nand the third did both. White Spirits caused stolen\\ngoods to be restored they charmed away diseases, and\\ndid other beneficent acts neither did a little harmless\\nmischief lie wholly ovit of their way Dryden says\\nAt least as little honest as he could,\\nAnd like White Witches mischievously good.\\nW. H. Wills, Sir Roger de Coverley.\\nIn Middleton s Witch, act v., sc. ii., we find reference\\nto even wider range of color in spirits\\nBlack spirits and white, red spirits and gray,\\nMingle, mingle, mingle, you that mingle may", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "NOTES 185\\nSee Macbeth, act iv., sc. i,, M- here Rc.ve prints the\\nwitches song thus\\nBlack Spirits and White,\\nBlue Spirits and Gray.\\n64 Popish priest. Note as illustrating the anti-Catholic prejudice\\nof the time.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 132\\n13 Ephraim. The Quakers received the name of Ephraim from\\nPsalm Ixxviii. 9.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 174\\n4 Roman fable. Livy, History of Rome, bk. ii., ch. xxxii.\\nCoHolamis, act i., sc. i.\\n81 merchants. For the growth of the commercial class, see\\nLeek} History of England in the Eighteenth Century,\\nvol. i., ch. ii. See also Sj^ectator, No. 69.\\nIIM tramples. This undoubtedly refers to the ruthlessness of the\\nhunters of the time, who, from the days of Elizabeth to\\nGeorge III., were allowed to pursue the sport without\\nregard to the losses of the farmers.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 251\\n6 ramage de la ville. The warblers, literally, the warbling, of\\nthe town.\\n61 card-matches were made of card dipped in sulphur.\\n110 colly-molly-puff. This little man was but just able to support\\nthe basket of pastry which he carried on his head, and\\nsung in a very peculiar tone the cant words, which passed\\ninto his name, Coll3 -Molly-Puff Greei^f. Addison s\\nWorks, vol. i., p. 588.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 269\\n10 Gray s Inn Walks were at this time a fashionable resort.\\n13 Prince Eugene, a celebrated Austrian general who had co-\\noperated with the Duke of Marlborough in the wars\\nagainst France and the Netherlands, came to London in\\n1712 upon a mission to regain the friendship of the English\\nfor the allies and to urge the restoration of Marlborough\\nto his command. See Spectator, No. 340.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "186 NOTES\\n19 Scanderbeg. See Spectator, No. 316.\\n98 Pope s Procession. The procession of his Holiness took place\\nannually on the 17th of November, in commemoration\\nof the accession of Queen Elizabeth. It was always an\\noccasion of much party tumult, and that of 1711 was\\nelaborately prepared for. Tlie Tory government seized\\nthe images, and put an end to the j^rocession. See Swift,\\nJournal to Stella, Letter 35.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 329\\n2 Westminster Abbey. Spectator, No. 26.\\n32 at Dantzic. The great plague at Dantzic raged in 1709.\\n71 little chapel. St. Edmund s chapel.\\n76 statesman Cecil. William Cecil, Lord Burleigh,\\n79 prick of a needle. The figure of Elizabeth Russell. The\\ntradition was that she bled to death from the prick of a\\nneedle.\\n86 coronation chairs. The newer of the coronation chairs was\\nmade for Mary, Queen of William III. The other is said\\nto have been the chair of Edward the Confessor. It con-\\ntains the famous stone of Scone, on which the kings of\\nScotland were crowned, and which Edward I. took with\\nhim to England in 1304 as a sign of his absolute con-\\nquest of Scotland. Among the many traditions relating\\nto the stone of Scone is one that Jacob had used it as a\\npillow.\\n109 evil. King s evil, or scrofula, supposed to be curable by the\\ntouch of a king truly anointed.\\n114 head. The head was stolen towards the end of Henry the\\nEighth s reign.\\n133 Norfolk Buildings. In Norfolk Street, Strand. Note Sir\\nRoger s change to a less fashionable neighborhood.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 331\\n75 Hudibras. The hero of a satire of the same name written\\nby Samuel Butler.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 335\\n5 The Committee, by Sir Robert Howard (1626-1698), was writ-\\nten to ridicule the Puritans.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "NOTES 187\\n9 distressed mother. The Distrest Mother, by Ambrose Philips,\\nproduced in 1712.\\n14 Mohocks. Bands of London rowdies, supposed to be of the\\nupper class, who delighted in assaulting and mutilating\\nunprotected passers-by after nightfall. The worst out-\\nbreaks were in 1709 and 1712. For reference to them, see\\nSpectator, Nos. 324, 332, 347, Tatler, No. 77, and Swift s\\nJournal to Stella, Letter 43.\\n35 four o clock. See note on Spectator, No. 2.\\n80 critic. The Spectator s reputation as a critic had been estab-\\nlished by many essays, especially by the papers on Milton,\\nissued on successive Saturdays from January 5 until\\nMay 3, 1712. See Spectator, Nos. 267, 273, etc.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 359\\n49 Lyon s Inn. One of the smaller law societies, called Inns of\\nChancery, whence students could be advanced to Inns\\nof Court.\\n87 pocket Milton. Perhaps a good word for the pocket edition\\nso frequently advertised by Buckley in the Spectator.\\nG. Gregory Smith.\\n87 the following lines. Paradise Lost, bk. x., 11. 888-908.\\nSPECTATOR. No. 383\\n9 Spring Garden, or Vauxhall, was a favorite pleasure-resort of\\nthe eighteenth century. It lay on the south side of the\\nThames, and could be reached by land or water. It was\\nopened immediately after the Restoration, was exceed-\\ningly popular in the second half of the eighteenth cen-\\ntury, and was finally closed in 1859. See The London\\nTimes, July 26, 1859. Eighteenth century literature is\\nfull of references to it. See Austin Dobson s Eighteenth\\nCentury Vignettes, vol. i.\\n19 Temple Stairs. A landing on the Thames near the Temple.\\n43 seven wonders of the world. These were the Egyptian pyra-\\nmids, the mausoleum erected by Artemisia at Halicar-\\nnassus, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the hanging\\ngardens of Babylon, the statue of Zeus by Phidias in the*\\ntemple at Olympia, the Colossus at Rhodes, and the\\nPharos, or lighthouse, at Alexandria.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "188 NOTES\\n50 on this side Temple Bar, on the Westminster side of Temple\\nBar, a gateway formerly dividing Fleet Street from the\\nStrand, and marking the western boundary of the city of\\nLondon.\\n52 fifty new churches. An act of Parliament passed in 1711 had\\ndecreed the building of fifty new churches to accommo-\\ndate the increasing population of London.\\nSPECTATOR, No. 517\\nIn No. 1 of the Bee (for February, 1733) Eustace Budgell,\\nwho set up that publication, and who probabl} was the\\nintimate friend of Addison s to whom he there refers,\\nsaid of Sir Roger de Coverley, Mr. Addison was so fond\\nof this character that a little before he laid down the\\nSpectator (foreseeing that some nimble gentleman would\\ncatch up his pen the moment he quitted it) he said to an\\nintimate friend, with a certain warmth in his expression\\nwhich he was not often guilty of, By God, I ll kill Sir\\nRoger, that nobody else may murder him. Accordingly\\nthe whole Spectator No. 517 consists of nothing but an\\naccount of the old knight s death, and some moving cir\\ncumstances which attended it. Steele had by tliis date re-\\nsolved on bringing his Spectator to a close, and Addison s\\npaper on the death of Sir Roger, the first of several which\\nare to dispose of all members of the Spectator s Club and\\nbreak up the Club itself, was the first clear warning to the\\npublic that he had such an intention. Henry Morley.\\n^QQ Spectator, Nos. 530, 541, 549, 555, for accounts of\\nother members of the club. Other papers in wliicli refer-\\nence is made to Sir Roger are Spectator, Nos. 100, 127,\\n137, 141, 221, 271, 295, 338, 410, 424, 435, 518.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX I 189\\nAPPENDIX I\\nTRANSLATION OF THE MOTTOES\\n[The translations of the mottoes are taken from Henrj^ Morley s\\nedition of The Sj^ectator.]\\nThe following paragraphs are interesting, as illustrating\\nAddison s idea in using the mottoes\\nWhen I have finished any of my Speculations, it is my\\nMethod to consider which of the ancient Authors have touched\\nupon the Subject that I treat of. By this means I meet with\\nsome celebrated Thought upon it, or a Thought of my own\\nexpressed in better Words, or some Similitude for the Illustration\\nof my Subject. This is what gives Birth to the Motto of a Specu-\\nlation, which I rather chuse to take out of the Poets than the\\nProse-writers, as the former generally give a finer Turn to a\\nThought than the latter, and by couching it in few Words, and\\nin harmonious Numbers, make it more portable to the lNIemory.\\nI must confess, the Motto is of little Use to an unlearned\\nReader, for which Reason I consider it only as a Word to the Wise.\\nBut as for my unlearned Friends, if they cannot relish the Motto,\\nI take care to make Provision for them in the Body of m} Paper.\\nIf they do not understand the Sign that is hung out, they know\\nvery well by it, that they may meet with Entertainment in the\\nHouse and I think I was never better pleased than with a plain\\nMan s Compliment, who, upon his Friend s telling him that he\\nwould like the Spectator^ much better if he understood the Motto,\\nreplied. That good Wine needs no Bush. Spectator, No. 221.\\nFor further remarks, read Nos. 271 and 296.\\nNo.\\n1. HoR. Ars Poet. ver. 143.\\nOne with a flash begins and ends in smoke\\nAnother out of smoke brings glorious light,\\nAnd (without raising expectation high)\\nSurprises us with dazzling miracles. Roscommon,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "190 APPENDIX I\\n2. Juv. Sat. vii. 167.\\nSix more, at least, join tlieir consenting voice.\\n6. Juv. Sat. xiii. 54.\\nTwas impious then (so much was age revered)\\nFor youth to keep their seats when an old man appear d.\\n84. Juv. Sat. XV. 159.\\nFrom spotted skins the leopard does refrain. Tate.\\n37. ViRG. uTJn. vii. 805.\\nUnbred to spinning, in the loom unskillM. Dryden.\\n106. HoR. I. Odes, xvii. 14.\\nHere plenty s liberal horn shall pour\\nOf fruits for thee a copious show r,\\nRich honours of the quiet plain.\\n107. PhtEdr. Epilog, i. 2.\\nThe Athenians erected a large statue to ^sop, and placed\\nhim, though a slave, on a lasting pedestal to show that the way\\nto honour lies open indifferently to all.\\n108. Ph^dr. Fah. lib. ii. v. 3.\\nOut of breath to no purpose, and very busy about nothing.\\n109. HoR. II. Sat. ii. 3.\\nOf plain good sense, untutor d in the schools.\\n110. ViRG. ^n. ii. 755.\\nAll things are full of Horror and affright.\\nAnd dreadful ev n the silence of the night. Dryden.\\n112. Pythag. Car mill a Aurea, 1, 2.\\nFirst, in obedience to thy country s rites,\\nWorship th immortal gods.\\n113. ViRG. ^n. iv. 4.\\nHer looks were deep imprinted in his heart.\\n114. HoR. I. Ej). xviii. 24.\\nThe dread of nothing more\\nThan to be thought necessitous and poor. Pooly.\\n115. Juv. Sat. X. 356.\\nPray for a sound mind in a sound body.\\n116. ViRG. Georg. iii. 43.\\nThe echoing hills and chiding hounds invite.\\n117. ViRG. Eel. viii. 108.\\nWith voluntary dreams they cheat their minds.\\n118. ViRG. JEn. iv. 73.\\nThe fatal dart\\nSticks in his side, and rankles in his heart. Dryden,", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX I 191\\n119. ViRG. Ed. i. 20.\\nThe city men call Rome, unskilful clou n,\\nI thought resembled this our humble town. ^Va7 ton.\\n120. YiRG. Georg. i. 415.\\nI deem their breasts inspired\\nWith a divine sagacity.\\n121. ViRG. Ed. iii. 60.\\nAll things are full of Jove.\\n122. PuBL. Syr. Frag.\\nAn agreeable companion upon the road is as good as a coach.\\n123. HOR. iv. Od. iv. 33.\\nYet the best blood by learning is refined,\\nAnd virtue arms the solid mind\\nWhilst vice Avill stain the noblest race,\\nAnd the paternal stamp efface. Oldisworth.\\n125. ViRG. Mn. vi. 832.\\nThis thirst of kindred blood, my sons, detest.\\nNor turn your force against your country s breast. Dryden.\\n126. ViRG. ^n. X. 108.\\nRutulians, Trojans, are the same to me. Dryden.\\n130. ViRG. ^n. vii. 748.\\nA plundering race, still eager to invade,\\nOn spoil they live, and make of theft a trade.\\n131. ViRG. Ed. X. 63.\\nOnce more, ye woods, adieu.\\n132. Cic. De Or at. ii. 4.\\nThat man may be called impertinent, Avho considers not the\\ncircumstances of time, or engrosses the conversation, or makes\\nhimself the subject of his discourse, or pays no regard to the\\ncompany he is in.\\n174. ViRG. Ed. vii. 69.\\nThe whole debate in memory I retain\\nWhen Thyrsis argued warmly, but in vain. P.\\n251. ViRG. ^n. vi. 625.\\nA hundred mouths, a hundred tongues,\\nAnd throats of brass inspired iron lungs. Dryden.\\n269. Ovid, Ars Amat. i. 241.\\nMost rare is now our old simplicity. Dryden.\\n329. HoR. I. Ep. vi. 27.\\nWith Ancus, and with Numa, kings of Rome,\\nWe must descend into the silent tomb.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "192 APPENDIX I\\n331. Pers. Sat. ii. 28.\\nHolds out his foolish beard for thee to pluck.\\n335. HOR. Ars Poet. 327.\\nKeep Nature s great original in view,\\nAnd thence the living images pursue. Francis.\\n359. ViRG. Eel. ii. 63.\\nLions the wolves, and wolves the kids pursue,\\nThe kids sweet thyme, and still I follow you. Wai ion.\\n383. Juv. Sat. i. 75.\\nA beauteous garden, but by vice maintain d.\\n517. ViRG. ^n. vi. 878.\\nMirror of ancient faith\\nUndaunted worth Inviolable truth Dryden.\\n544. Ter. Adelph. act v. sc. 4,\\nNo man was ever so completely skilled in the conduct of life,\\nas not to receive new information from age and experience inso-\\nmuch that we find ourselves really ignorant of what we thought\\nwe understood, and see cause to reject what we fancied our\\ntruest interest.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX II 193\\nAPPENDIX II\\nSUGGESTIONS FOR STUDY\\nThese suggestions are somewhat mechanically divided into two\\nparts, the first adapted for general, the second for more detailed\\nstudy. There is, however, no reason why the two should not be\\nused together. Any question may be regarded as material either\\nfor class discussion or for exercises in writing.\\n1. Compare the Spectator s introduction of himself with that\\nof Irving in the Sketch-Book. Should you say tliat the latter had\\nbeen suggested by the former? [No. 1.]\\n2. Which of the following statements do you incline to believe\\ntrue Give reasons for your opinion.\\nI have observed that a reader seldom peruses a book with\\npleasure till he knows whether the writer of it be a black or fair\\nman, of a mild or choleric disposition, married or a bachelor,\\nwdth other particulars of the like nature. The Spectator, No. 1.\\nNo reader cares about an author s person before reading his\\nbook it is after reading it and supposing tlie book to reveal\\nsomething of the w-riter s moral nature as modifying his intellect,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094it is for his fun, his fancy, his sadness, possibly his craziness,\\nthat any reader cares about seeing the author in person. De\\nQuiNCEY Notes on Walter Savage Landor.\\n3. Describe briefly the personal appearance of the Spectator as\\nyou imagine it from reading his account of himself. [No. 1.]\\n4. Describe some typical scene at one of the places of general\\nresort mentioned by the Spectator, reporting snatches of the\\nconversation heard. [No. 1.]\\n5. Trace the influence of Leonora s romance-reading in the\\nlandscape gardening of her country seat as described by Sir\\nRoger. [No. 37.]\\n6. What characteristics of Sir Roger do you infer from the\\ndescription of Coverley Hall and the Coverley household Com-\\npare the position of Sir Roger in his household with that of the\\nVicar of Wakefield in his. [Nos. 106 and 107.]\\n7. What light is thrown upon Sir Roger s character by the char-\\n13", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "194 APPENDIX II\\nacters of his ancestors and by his own accounts of them [No.\\n109.]\\n8. Compare Addison s notions of pliysiology and hygiene with\\nthe more modern theories on these subjects. How far does the\\ninadequacy or falsity of these notions impair the validity of\\nAddison s conclusions as to the importance of physical exercise\\n[No. 115.]\\n9. Contrast the behavior of the Spectator and Sir Roger at the\\nhunt. [No. 116.]\\n10. Is Addison s semi-belief in witchcraft roal, or is it assumed,\\nto put him in touch with his audience [No. 117,]\\n11. What is Addison s idea of good breeding both in town and\\nin country How far is this conception characteristic of the\\nage of club and coffee-house? [No. 119.]\\n12. Would the unity of the Sir Roger de Coverley Papers gain\\nor lose by the omission of the papers on instinct in animals How\\ncan the insertion of these numbers be justified How does the\\ncharacter and aim of the Spectator limit the scope and method\\nof this scientific discussion? [Nos. 120 and 121,]\\n13. Is the Spectator s account of Sir Roger s speech in court\\nconsistent with j^our idea of the knight s character Defend\\nyour opinion. [No. 122.]\\n14. What reasons were there for the intense party spirit of\\nAddison s time [Nos. 125 and 126.]\\n15. How is the inconsistency between Sir Roger s opinion of\\nthe gypsies and his treatment of them characteristic of him\\n[No. 130.]\\n16. Was Addison more at home in town, or in country? How\\nfar was this preference due to his temperament and training?\\nHow far was it characteristic of the age How do Addison s\\nideas of the pleasures of a sojourn in the country differ from\\nthose of a modern city man [No. 131.]\\n17. Account for the different attitudes of Sir Roger and Will\\nHoneycomb toward the cries of London. [No. 251.]\\n18. Why did the Spectator discuss the cries of London What\\nis gained by the device of the letter? [No. 251.]\\n19. How do Sir Roger s intellectual limitations appear in the\\naccount of his visit to Westminster? [No. 329.]\\n20. What evidence is given, in the Spectator s discourse on\\nbeards, of the writer s familiarity with classic writers and of the\\nrange of his general reading [No. 331.]", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX II 195\\n21. Supplement the paper on Will Honeycomb on Love by the\\nreading of No. 530, and discuss the character of Will Honey-\\ncomb in the light of both papers. [No. 359.]\\n22. Give an imaginary account of Sir Roger s visit to some\\nmodern park, summer-resort, or other place of amusement, such\\nas, in New York City, Central Park, Coney Island, or the Recrea-\\ntion P.iers. [No. 383.]\\nII\\n1. Why should the Spectator s introduction of himself fall into\\njust nine paragraphs State in a single sentence the gist of\\neach paragraph, so that taken together these sentences sum-\\nmarize the paper. Could any one paragraph be combined\\nwith another? Ought any paragraph to be divided into two?\\n[No 1.]\\n2. Read over the Spectator s descriptions of his companions, and\\nnotice the means he has used for making their various person-\\nalities clear to us. Why are we told of Sir Roger s ancestry of\\nhis disappointment in love? of the duel and the encounter with\\nBully Dawson of the prosperity of Sir Roger s tenants and the\\nexpression on the faces of his servants of the attitude of young\\npeople toward him of his manners when on a visit of his\\noffices, and how he performs their duties Re-write the Spec-\\ntator s description of Sir Roger, substituting for these concrete\\ndetails the abstract inferences you draw from them as to the\\ncharacter of Sir Roger. Note and define the resulting difference\\nin the effect of the description. [No. 2.]\\n3. Write a description of some household or circle of friends\\nas you imagine the Spectator would see them. How does the\\ntone of this description differ from that which you would natu-\\nrally employ in writing about these same people from your own\\npoint of view [No. 2.]\\n4. Write a sentence, either original, or quoted from the paper,\\nwhich shall contain the substance of Sir Roger s disquisition on\\nMen of Fine Parts. Sliow precisely what relation everything Sir\\nRoger says in the paper bears to the idea expressed in this\\nsentence. Does the little story quoted in the last paragraph\\nhelp to establish Sir Roger s main idea? [No. 6.]\\n5. Explain as to a child, by using specific illustrations, exactly\\nwhat is meant by the rule which Sir Roger lays down in the\\nsecond paragraph of the discourse on Men of Fine Parts.\\n[No. 6.J", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "196 APPENDIX II\\n6. Prove or disprove, by giving specific instances, the truth of\\nSir Roger s statements, that a wise man is not always a good\\nman and the most polite ages are the least virtuous. If\\ntrue, how would you account for this fact? [No. 6.]\\n7. Re-write No. 34 in the form of direct discourse, being\\nsure that each person speaks in his proper character.\\n8. Write a brief statement of the character of Leonora as indi-\\ncated by the books in her library. [No. 37.]\\n9. Write a description of the library of some acquaintance ii^\\nsuch a way as to suggest his character.\\n[As a test of the success of this description, it may be read by\\nanother member of the class, who shall write out a clear state-\\nment of tlie inferences he draws from it as to the character of\\nthe person indirectly described. This statement may then be\\ncompared with the first writer s idea of the character, and the\\ndescription be revised accordingly.]\\n10. Describe Sir Roger s library as you imagine it.\\n11. Compare the position and character of Sir Roger s chaplain\\nwith that of the Vicar of Wakefield. [No. 106.]\\n12. From Sir Roger s requirements for a chaplain, wliat could\\nyou infer as to religious conditions in the age of Anne [No.\\n106.]\\n13. By what devices does the Spectator make clear tlie char-\\nacter and position of Will Wimble [No. 108.]\\n14. Write an imaginary conversation in which Sir Roger, Sir\\nAndrew^ Freeport, and Will Honeycomb discuss the position of\\nWill Wimble or present in the form of a monologue the views\\nof any one of these characters on the subject. [No. 108.]\\n15. State the theme of each paragraph in No. 108, and show\\nhow it is developed.\\n16. Tell, as to a child, the story of one of your own family\\nportraits or photographs. [No. 109.]\\n17. How do you account for the Spectator s attitude toward\\nghosts? How does it differ from Sir Roger s [No. 110.]\\n18. Describe some house or outdoor situation which has\\nalways seemed to you a good setting for a ghost-story. [No.\\n110.]*\\n19. Write, by way of contrast to the Spectator s description\\nof the Sunday services at Coverley Hall, a short account of those\\nin a modern country church or in a modern city church, or in\\na meeting of the Salvation Army. [No. 112.]", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX II 197\\n20. Describe an interview between the Widow and the Spec-\\ntator, and write such a description of the Widow as the Spec-\\ntator might afterwards give to the club in the absence of Sir\\nRoger. [No. 113.]\\n21. Write some account of the Widow s meditations concerning\\nSir Roger after liis visit to her. (This account may, if desired,\\nbe cast into the form of a conversation between herself and her\\nconfidante.) [No. 113.]\\n22. Write, witliout reference to a dictionary, careful defini-\\ntions of the meaning of each of the following words as you under-\\nstand them (a) Economy, (b) Wealth, (c) A competency, (d)\\nPoverty, (e) Frugality, Parsimony. What new light is\\nthrown upon the meaning of these words by a study of their\\nderivation and history? [No. 114.]\\n23. Are the following words or constructions justified by our\\npresent usage Substitute the present meaning or form. [No.\\n114.]\\n(a) economy has the same effect which, 11. 1, 2.\\n(b) pretending, 1. 3.\\n(c) tolerable good aspect, 1. 9.\\n(d) disHke at, 1. 16.\\n(e) dipped, 1. 20.\\n(f) is eating out, 1. 20.\\n(g) proud stomach, 11. 21, 22.\\n(h) rather than it sliall be said, 1. 25.\\n24. Analj^ze Addison s argument in No. 115, stating clearly\\njust wliat he aims to prove and how eacli point touched upon in\\nthe paper helps to establish this conclusion. By this test could\\nanything be spared from the paper Sliould anything be added\\nCan you suggest a more effective arrangement of the material\\n25. Write a short argument on the necessity of bodil}^ exercise\\nfrom the modern point of view, addressing it to any acquaint-\\nance of yours who seems to you ignorant or unappreciative of\\nthis truth. [No. 115.]\\n26. Is the movement of tlie description in No. 116 rapid\\nenough to represent the progress of the hunt itself Is it accel-\\nerated as the hunt grows warmer How How is tlie descrip-\\ntion furthered by the Spectator s withdrawing to a rise of ground\\njust as the scent is taken Should we have gained so clear a\\npicture of the hunt if Sir Roger had described it Give several\\nreasons for your answer.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "198 APPENDIX II\\n27. Describe a particular game of foot-ball, base-ball, basket-\\nball, golf, tennis, hare and hounds, or any outdoor sport, so that\\nit can be clearly seen by one wholly unfamiliar with the game.\\nTo this end, reduce technical expressions as far as possible, and\\ntry to give a picture of the game which shall convey some notion\\nof the pleasure it gives. [No. 116.]\\n28. Examine carefully the statement in the first paragraph of\\nNo. 116 (that the soul s felicity consists in action), and also\\nthe quotation from Pascal in the eighth paragraph. Decide\\nwhether you believe these assertions to be true, and prove or dis-\\nprove them according to your belief.\\n29. Account for the division of this paper into paragraphs.\\nWhat is the theme of each? Could any two paragraphs be\\nthrown into one? Should any be divided? [No. 116.]\\n30. Compare Addison s attitude toward witchcraft with his\\nattitude toward gliosts. [Nos. 110 and 117.]\\n31. What relation had Addison s attitude toward witchcraft\\nto the popular beliefs of the age on this subject to the opin-\\nions of the best-educated men of the time? [No. 117.]\\n32. Analyze tlie argument against belief in particular instances\\nof witchcraft. Is it conclusive to your mind If not, how\\ncould it be made so [No. 117.]\\n33. Are Addison s two statements, that there is and has been\\nsuch a thing as witchcraft and that he can give no credit to\\nany particular instance of it, logically consistent Defend your\\nanswer. [No. 117.]\\n34. Try to re- write the last aragraph in No. 117 so as to avoid\\nentirely Addison s wording. Does the passage gain, or lose,\\nby the change Why? Point out the peculiar appositeness and\\nforce of such words or phrases as begins to dote, grow\\nchargeable to a parish, begins to be frighted at herself,\\nsecret commerce and familiarities, decrepit parts of our\\nspesies, in whom human nature is defaced.\\n35. Why was there in the age of Anne an essential difference\\nbetween the manners of country and town? Does this differ-\\nence exist to-day What conditions of modern life have tended\\nto lessen it What did the Spectator accomplish toward this\\nend? [No. 119. J\\n36. Write a brief account of the most conspicuous differences\\nyou have noticed between the manners of country and city at\\nthe present time or illustrate these differences by a short narra-", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX II 199\\ntive in which city and country people are brought together,\\n[No. 119.]\\n37. State briefly Addison s argument in Nos. 120 and 121.\\nWhat conclusions could you draw from these papers as to his\\nobservation his reading his reasoning powers\\n38. Compare the diction of Addison s papers on instinct in\\nanimals, Nos. 120 and 121, with that employed in the description\\nof the hunt, No. 116. State clearly all the differences you\\nnotice. Would the diction of the one be equally appropriate for\\nthe other Defend your answer.\\n39. Choose ten words of Latin derivation from any paragraph\\nof No. 120, and trace their history.\\n40. Compare the Spectator s methods of telling a story with\\nthose employed by a modern writer, such as Kipling. Clioosing\\none of Kipling s short stories, note the differences between it and\\nthe story of Eudoxus and Leontine in (a) the explicitness of the\\nmoral, (b) the use of conversation and incident, (c) the vividness\\nof characterization, (d) the concreteness of detail. How do\\ncertain of the stories read for college preparation (as The Vicar\\nof Wakefield, Ivanlioe, and Silas Marner) compare in these re-\\nspects with tlie Spectator s story and with Kipling s? [No. 128.]\\n41. Try to re-write the story of Eudoxus and Leontine some-\\nwhat after the modern fashion, reconstructing the plot, if that\\nseems necessary. [No. 123.]\\n42. Compare the theories as to the education of a young\\ngentleman set forth in Nos. 123 and 108 and the methods by\\nwhich these theories are presented to the reader. Wliich method\\nseems to you the more effective? Embody the teaching of No.\\n108 in an original story that of No. 123 in an expository\\nessay.\\n43. Revise Nos. 125 and 126 as far as seems necessary to\\nmake them applicable to present political conditions in America.\\n44. Summarize Addison s argument against part}^ spirit. Can\\nyou make a counter-argument, defending where he attacks, and\\nproving tliat non-partisanship is detrimental both ro individual\\ncharacter and to public welfare? [No. 126.]\\n45. What value has the illustration of the ichneumon in estab-\\nlishing Addison s jjoint that of the wild Tartars in the follow-\\ning paragraph Recall other illustrations used throughout the\\nSir Roger de Coverley Papers, and generalize from them as to the\\nadvantages gained from the use of illustration in writing upon\\nabstract subjects. [No. 126.]", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "200 APPENDIX II\\n46. By what reasoning do the country people come to their\\nvarious conclusions about the Spectator? What fallacy in their\\nreasoning is pointed out by the Spectator [No. 131. J\\n47. Describe an imaginary visit of Will Honeycomb to the\\ncountry.\\n48. State the theme of No. 131, and trace its development in\\neach paragraph and sentence.\\n49. Write a simple account of travel by stage-coach in England\\nin the eigliteenth century. [No. 132. J\\n50. Illustrate by several instances the truth of the statement\\nmade in the first sentence of No. 174.\\n51. Discuss as fully as possible the moneyed interest of the age\\nof Anne as represented by Sir Andrew Freeport, and the landed\\ninterest as represented by Sir Roger. Why should there be\\nantagonism between them Does such antagonism exist to-\\nday? [No. 174.]\\n52. Write, so far as possible in Sir Roger s phraseology, the\\nanswer you imagine he would make to Sir Andrew Freeport s\\ndefense of merchants in No. 174.\\n58. Write a conversation between a modern farmer and trades-\\nman in which each shall defend his own calling against the\\naspersions of the other. [No. 174.]\\n54. Note and explain all the references to contemporary history\\nin No. 269.\\n55. Compare the description of a country Christmas in No.\\n269 with the more elaborate account of similar festivities in\\nIrving s Sketch-Book.\\n56. Compare Nos. 26 and 329 for the essential differences\\nbetween Sir Roger s and the Spectator s views of the Abbey.\\nRead in connection with these two papers Irving s essay on\\nWestminster Abbey, in the Sketch-Book, and account for the\\ndifferences between Irving s and Addison s treatment of the\\nsubject.\\n57. Bring historic evidence confirmatory of the suggestions in\\nNo. 335 as to the condition of London streets at night during\\nthe reign of Anne.\\n58. Discuss fully the place of the theatre in the social life of\\nQueen Anne s age, comparing its position with that which it\\nheld in the Elizabethan period, and holds at the present time.\\n59. Point out in the butler s letter to the Spectator those\\nelements which contribute to its realistic effect. Why does", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX II 201\\nAddison say, notwithstanding the poor butler s manner of\\nwriting it, the letter caused emotion in the club [No. 517.]\\n60. Are you conscious of any essential difference between\\nAddison s feeling for outdoor life as shown in these papers and\\nthat of some recent writer, as Tennyson in The Princess, or\\nLowell in The Vision of Sir Launfal 9 Define this difference as\\nclearly as possible, and bring data to sliow that it is or is not\\ncharacteristic of the two periods represented.\\n61. Compare the humor of the Sir Roger de Coverley Papers\\nwith that of the Vicar of Wakefield. In what respects are they\\nakin Can you point out any considerable differences Dis-\\ntinguisli the humor of Addison and Goldsmith from that of\\nShakespeare, on the basis of the works of each writer which you\\nhave read.\\n62. How could the Sir Roger de Coverley Papers be turned into\\nthe form of a story or novel? Plan such a novel, using the\\nmaterial given, and supplementing or altering it as seems\\ndesirable.\\n63. How, in general, does the diction of these papers differ\\nfrom that of the present day from that of Shakespeare\\n64. Characterize the vocabulary of Sir Roger. Compare it\\nwdth that of the Spectator himself that of Sir Andrew Freeport,\\nWill Honeycomb, Will Wimble, and the butler, as judged from\\nhis letter in No. 517.\\n65. Contrast Addison s sentence-structure with that of Burke,\\nand account for the effect produced by each. Try to re-write a\\nparagraph of Addison in such sentences as Burke would have\\nused. How is the subject-matter modified by this treatment?\\n66. Collect all the instances you can find, in the Sir Roger de\\nCoverley Papers, of grammatical constructions now unusual or\\nregarded as incorrect. What constructions have displaced them\\nin modern usage Can you see any reason why the earlier form\\nshould have been supplanted by the later", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "202 APPENDIX III\\nAPPENDIX III\\nCOLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS\\n[The following questions have been taken, in part, directly\\nfrom examination papers of the various colleges, in part from\\nthe reprints in the Twentieth Century series of text-books.J\\nAMHERST COLLEGE\\nWrite a composition of two or more paragraphs on each of\\nthree topics taken from the list below\\n1. The Spectator s Account of Himself.\\n3. Sir Roger de Coverley.\\n3. A Sunday at Sir Roger s.\\n4. Will Wimble. (June, 1898.)\\nUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA\\nBroadly compare and contrast the true presentation of char-\\nacter found in Addison s Sir Roger de Coverley and Macaulay s\\nWarren Hastings. Touch upon the following points 1. The\\npersonalities presented. 2. The general method and form.\\n3. Nature of the interest aroused in you. (August, 1898.)\\nUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO\\nWrite a short composition on The Character of Sir Roger de\\nCoverley. (March, 1898.)\\nCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY\\nWrite an essay of two or three paragraphs on one of the follow-\\ning subjects\\n(a) Sir Roger in Town.\\n(b) Sir Roger s Household.\\n(c) Will Wimble. (June, 1898.)\\nWrite an essay of several paragraphs on one of the following\\nsubjects", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX III 203\\n(a) Sir Roger and the People on his Estate.\\n(b) The Spectator and the Other Members of the Club.\\n(June, 1899.)\\n(a) Sir Roger on Witchcraft.\\n(b) One Wa} to choose a Chaplain. (September, 1899.)\\nCORNELL UNIVERSITY\\nWrite a paragraph of about seventy-five words on either (a)\\nor (6):-\\n(a) Sir Roger in Church.\\nThe Coverley Witch. (1898.)\\nJOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY\\nWrite, with due attention to the form of your work, short\\nessays upon either of the following subjects\\n(a) Sir Roger and the Widow.\\n(6) Sir Roger and the Saracen s Head. (June, 1899.)\\nLELAND STANFORD, JR., UNIVERSITY\\nWhat was the purpose of the Spectator? Did it accomplish\\ntliis urpose\\nDescribe very briefly the members of the Spectator Club.\\n(May, 1898.)\\nDescribe Sir Roger de Coverley at Church. (May, 1899.)\\nUNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK\\nGive from the Sir Roger de Coverley Papers an account of\\nA Sunday at Sir Roger s. (January, 1898.)\\nSir Roger at Spring Garden. (June, 1898.)\\nSir Roger de Coverley at Church. (May, 1899.)\\nUNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA\\nWrite a composition of not less than three hundred words\\non\\nSir Roger de Coverley. (June, 1898.)\\nSir Roger de Coverley and his Friends. (September, 1898.)\\nPRINCETON COLLEGE\\nPoint out the leading features in the character of Sir Roger de", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "204 APPENDIX III\\nCoveiley, referring to incidents in the book to illustrate your\\nstatements. (June, 1898.)\\nDescribe Sir Roger de Coverley s household. (June, 1899.)\\nSHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL\\nWrite a short composition on\\nSir Roger de Coverley in Westminster Abbey. (July, 1898.)\\nSir Roger de Coverley s Visit to Vauxhall Gardens.\\n(June, 1899.)\\nSMITH COLLEGE\\nState what impressions of women you have gained from Tlie\\nSir Roger de Coverley Papers, TJie Vicar of Wakefield, The Last\\nof the Mohicans, and The House of The Seven Gables.\\n(June, 1899.)\\nWhat different kinds of interest have jou found in The Sir\\nRoger de Coverley Papers, The Vicar of Wakefield, The Last of\\nthe Mohicans, and The House of the Seven Gables\\n(June, 1899.)\\nVASSAR COLLEGE\\nWhat has made Sir Roger de Coverley an enduring figure in\\nliterature? (September, 1898.)\\nWrite a letter purporting to be written by the Widow to a\\nfriend on hearing of Sir Roger s decease, and characterizing her\\nsuitor.\\nWhat was the aim and what the effect of The Spectator 9\\n(June, 1898.)\\nCompare the characters of Dr. Primrose and Sir Roger de\\nCoverley.\\nWhat was Addison s purpose in writing The Sir Roger de\\nCoverley Papers 9 (September, 1899.)\\nWELLESLBY COLLEGE\\nWrite a composition on one of the subjects suggested below.\\n(It will be helpful to write an outline of the matter for the com-\\nposition before putting it into literary form but the outline is\\noptional.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX III 205\\n1. Give an account of Sir Roger de Coverley s care of his\\ntenants at church.\\n2. Describe Christmas at Sir Roger s.\\n3. Describe Sir Roger going through Westminster Abbey.\\n(June, 1899.)\\nDescribe the character of Sir Roger de Coverley.\\n(September, 1899.)\\nYALE UNIVERSITY\\nWrite not more than three hundred words on either of the\\nfollowing topics\\n(a) Sir Roger at the Play,\\nWill Wimble. (June, 1899.)\\n(a) Sir Roger in Church.\\n(6) The Spectator s Club. (September, 1899.)", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "206 APPENDIX IV\\nAPPENDIX IV\\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\\nIt is assumed that use will be made, without special reference,\\nof all good encyclopaedias and dictionaries of biography, of\\nstandard histories, and histories of literature. For this reason\\nno mention is made of such invaluable reference books as Green s\\nHistory of the English People and Macaulay s History of England.\\nTHE SPECTATOR\\nAitken, George A. Tlie Spectator. Nimmo, London, 1898, 8 vols.\\nMorley, Henry The Spectator. Routledge, New York, 1891,\\n3 vols. Routledge, New York, 1896, 1 vol.\\nSmith, G. Gregorj^ Tlie Spectator. Scribner, New York, 1897-\\n98, 8 vols.\\nWheeler, William A Digest Index to the Spectator. Routledge,\\nNew York, 1893. (Arranged for reference to the 1 vol. edition\\nof Henry Morley s Spectator.)\\nGreen, J. R. Selections from the Essays of Addison. Macmillan,\\nNew York, 1885.\\nTHE TATLER\\nAitken, George A. The Tatler. Duckworth, London, 1898-99,\\n4 vols.\\nTlie Tatler and Guardian. Nimmo, London, 1876.\\nEwald, A. C. Selections from The Tatler and Guardian.\\nWarne, London, 1888.\\nADDISON\\nAikin, Lucy Life of Joseph Addison. Longmans, Brown,\\nGreen and Longmans, London, 1843.\\nBeljame, A. Le Public et les Hommes de Lettres en Angleterre\\nau dix-huitieme Siecle. Joseph Addison. Librairie Hachette\\net Cie., Paris, 1881.\\nCourthope, W; J. Jose})h Addison. In English Men of Letters.\\nHarper, New York, 1899.\\nJohnson, Samuel Addison. Chief Lives of Poets. Edited by\\nMatthew Arnold. Holt, New York, 1880.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX IV 207\\nMacauiay Essay on Addison. Edited by Herbert A. Smith.\\nIn Standard English Classics. Giiin, Boston, 1898.\\nSTEELE\\nAitken, George A. Life of Richai^d Steele. Houghton and\\nMifflin, Boston, 1889, 2 vols.\\nDobson, Austin Richard Steele. English Worthies. Appleton,\\nNew York, 1886.\\nGENERAL BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL REFERENCES\\nGay Trivia. Poetical Works, vol. 1. Scribner, New York,\\n1893, 2 vols.\\nThackeray, W. M. English Humourists of the Eighteenth Cen-\\ntury. The Four Georges. Henry Esmond. Works, Biographi-\\ncal edition. Harper, New York, 1898.\\nHISTORY AND SOCIAL LIFE\\nAdams, W. H. D. Good Queen Anne Men and Manners, Life\\nand Letters in England s Augustan Age. Scribner, New York,\\n1886.\\nA.ndrevvs, William Bygone England. Lippincott, Philadel-\\nphia, 1892.\\nAshton, John Social Life in the Reign of Queen Anne. Scribner,\\nNew York, 1882, 2 vols.\\nBurnet, Bishop Wstory of My Own Time. Oxford University\\nPress, 1833, 6 voib.\\nBurton, J. Hill History of the Reign of Queen Anne. Scribner,\\nNew York, 1880, 3 vols.\\nLecky, William A History ofEnglandin the Eighteenth Century.\\nAppleton, New York, 1893, 7 vols. (Use index for reference.)\\nMorris, Edward Age of Anne. Scribner, New York, 1877.\\nSydney, W. Connor England and the English in the Eighteenth\\nCentury: Chapters in the Social History of the Times. Mac-\\nmillan, New York. 1894, 2 vols.\\nTraill, H. D. Social England a Record of the Progress of the\\nPeople in Religion, Latvs, Learning, etc., from the Earliest Times\\nto the Present Day. Putnam, New York, 1894-97, 6 vols.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "Lbu.", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3419", "width": "2065", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3585", "width": "2231", "jp2-path": "sirrogerdecover100add_0282.jp2"}}