{"1": {"fulltext": "SF 465\\n.T97\\nCopy 1\\ncsc8XiC8:xs:^ BxcB Ks:xs:iKfc^\\nmiuetratet).\\nPUBLISHED BY\\nC. E. TWOMBLY,\\nBOSTON.", "height": "3491", "width": "2213", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3418", "width": "2162", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "The\\nPigeon\\nStandard\\nc^B c^\\nILLUSTRATED\\nPRICE, 50 CENTS\\nJJ; Ipubliebcr, JJJ\\n36oslon, \\\\ii\\nma,.. J.\\nu", "height": "3481", "width": "2245", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "SECOND COPY,\\nTWO COPIES RECEIVED,\\nLibrary of C\u00c2\u00abiigre\u00c2\u00ab%\\nOffice of tiii\\nAPR 12 1800\\nBtgltUr 6f Copyrtghtst\\nNOV 3 1900\\nCopyrighted, lf)Of\\nC. E. TVVOMBLY, rtOSTOlV,\\ntJ. S. A,", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "flntro uction^\\nEALIZING the urgont need in the American\\nJ Y^ Pigeon Fancy of a book containing a stand-\\nard for all varieties, I shall endeavor herein\\nto give all the vei-y latest and best standards in use\\nat the present time. A large majority of these\\nstandards have been carefully studied and adopted by\\ncommittees from the leading specialty clubs of Eng-\\nland and America.\\nC. E. J \\\\V( MnLY.", "height": "3481", "width": "2245", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "1\\nJ\\nI-\\nJ\\nm\\nd\\n^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^^i\\nW\\n4\\nm\\nr\\nm\\nm\\ni\\ni\\nm\\nC ROPrER. PIGMY POUTER. POUTER.\\n(The Feathered Worhl.)", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nPOUTER STANDARD.\\nHead^Fine, small ard narrow in proportion to the size of\\nthe bird, formino- an elongated arch from the base of\\nthe beak and measuring If inch from tip of beak to\\ncentre of eye.\\nBeak\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fine, mandible straight, upper slightly curved at tip.\\nBeak Wattle\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small and fine in texture.\\nEye Full and of mild expression.\\nEye Cere\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Yery fine and threadlike.\\nNeck Long and furnished with a large glo bular crop, for-\\nward in position.\\nBody (1) Shoulders\u00e2\u0080\u0094 small and flat or wall-shouldered,\\nand tight to the body. (2) Back narrow and long\\nwith a grooved line from base ot neck towards rump.\\n(3) Rump\u00e2\u0080\u0094 narrow, shallow, straight and smooth.\\n(4) Breast narrow, long and convex, showing very\\nlittle keel. (5) Belly narrow and tapering to the\\nvent.\\nWings Long and shallow, close to body showing waist and\\nupper part of thigh, tapering to flights, which should\\nbe long, broad in web of feather, and tapering to end\\nof tail, upon which they should rest.\\nTail\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Long, narrow, straight with body, round ended, nearly\\ntouching the ground and with the wings presenting\\na wedge-shaped appearance from shoulders to tip of\\ntail.\\nCarriage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Upright.\\nAction\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Free, lively and graceful.\\nLength \u00e2\u0080\u0094From 18 inches in hens to 21 inches in cocks, meas-\\nured from tip of beak to end of tail.", "height": "3481", "width": "2245", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "6 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nLimbs On a scale at the rate of f iuch in limb to 1 inch in\\nfeather, measured from thigh joint to tip of toe nail.\\n(1) Front View Placed well back from crop, insertion\\nclose, thigh and hock joint straight, inclining in-\\nwards, from thence to foot inclining outwards very\\nslightly. (2) Side View Following the line of body\\nwith convex line on fore side of thigh to hock, slight-\\nly concave on the opposite side, and straight from\\nhock to foot. (3) Generally lengthy both in thigh\\nand shank, long and in proportion, feathered closely\\nand evenly, presenting a stocking-like appearpiice.\\nToes Well feathered to tip, and not cramped.\\nColors Yellow, red, black, blue, (standard pieds) and white.\\nMarkings The above colors cover the bird with the excep-\\ntion (1) of a white crescent on crop, the horns of\\nwhich reach to about an inch from each eye (2) of a\\nfew white feathers, about a dozen, on the shoulders\\n(in the shape of a rose) and white primary flights (3)\\nof white on all the body behind a line encircling the\\ncentre of the waist.\\nIn the case of blacks and blues, color of the tail\\nsame as body color, and blues must have black bars\\non tlae wings.\\nIn yellows and reds, a colored tail is i)referred if of\\nas good color as the body.\\nWhites have no marking.\\nColor of Eye In pied birds red or orange, and in whites a\\nbull eye.\\nColor of Beak In blacks and blues, black, and in other col-\\nors flesh colored.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STxYXDATtD.\\nTHE PIGMY POUTER.\\nThe above standard a])plies iu every respect to the Pigmy\\nPouter with tlie exception of size, which should be as small\\nas possible, some of the best specimens standing scarcely six\\ninches from the ground. The Pigmy is, in fact, a miniature\\nPouter from tip to toe, the flight and tail feathers should\\nbe rather short than the reverse.\\nTHE BRUNER POUTER.\\nThe Cruner Pouter i, very similar to the Pigmy, but should\\nbe clean limbed, i. e. free from feathers below the knee joint.\\nThe Bruncr is seldom seen as slim in girth as the Pigmy, and\\nare mostly bhown in self colors, white being the most pop-\\nular.\\nTHE NORWICH CROPPER.\\nCroppers resemble Pouters in many points, while in some\\nthey differ completely. In color, markings, action and crop\\ninflation there is little dift erence, the limbs a,re shorter and\\nfree from feathering; the body is siiortj and shoulders com-\\nparitively broad. In other words the Cropper is a jilumpy\\nPouter with clean li:ubs.\\n7A^", "height": "3481", "width": "2245", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nJACOBIN STANDARD.\\nBeak Short and thick, well curved downwards forming- a\\ncontinuation of curve of skull, and flesh color.\\nHead Small, flat between the eyes, with full appearance in\\nfront.\\nEyes Centre black, surrounded by pearl or light gray.\\nHood Long, fitting well down on the head, even at edge,\\ncrossing the head in a line with the front of the eyes.\\nChain Fitting close and even from back to breast, standing\\nwell out, giving a curved line from hood to breast.\\nMane\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Full, being well filled out at back, even at edge, and\\nfitting in evenly with the hood.\\nRose Shape, oval, in a line slanting acrohS bottom of neck.\\nSize and Shape of Body Breast full, long and slender; the\\nback narrow, fiat and straight.\\nWings Hather low at buts, fiights resting on tail.\\nCarriage Sprightly, the head carried about eight inches\\nfrom the ground.\\nLegs and Feet Short and free from feathers below the\\nhock, color red, feet small and fine, with claws same\\ncolor as beak.\\nRump Smooth, flat and narrow.\\nTail Narrow and straight in line with the back.\\nColor Pteds, blacks and yellows, sound, lustrous and even,\\nfrom lower mandible to vent, with rump, tail, ten\\nflights and head, white. Whites pure throughout.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "IDEAL MAGPIE. Feathered World.)", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STAXDAliD. 11\\nTHE MAGPIE.\\n5ize~-Small, from actual measurements, good average spec-\\nimens in good condition, weight for cocks from 9 J to\\n10^ ounces, hens from 82^ to 9^ ounces; and when\\nstanding in a natural position measure from sole of\\nfoot to top of head from 8 to 9^ inches in height, the\\nlength from tip of beak to end of tail, without\\nstretching, from 12^ to 14 inches.\\nShape Apparently long, slender and snake-like, chest full\\nand round, but not broad, the body round, thin and\\ngracefully tapering from front to vent, with no ap-\\nproach to Owl or Tumbler form, shoulders well\\ndefined, but not carried prominently as in the Dra-\\ngoon, legs set well back to show breast.\\nCarriage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Is a very imi^ortant characteristic of the Magpie,\\nbut if the shape be good and true, the proper cariiage\\nis almost sure to follow it sLould.be smart, spright-\\nly. The body well poised on the graceful and slender\\nlimbs, the neck and body forming a continuous easy\\ncurve, but the neck must not incline backwards,\\nhead and beak carried horizontally, flights and tail\\nneatly folded.\\nHead Must be long and thin, round on top of skull, showing\\na soft easy curve in every direction the term snake-\\nheaded is often used, but does not apply as many\\nsnakes are flat-headed, which is quite a reverse of\\nwhat is wanted in the Magpie as nearly even in\\nsubstance throughout as possible, not wedge-headed,\\nno stop at junction of head and beak, but rising with\\na gradual curve from front to back, fine and neat at\\nback of skull, lean face, with no approach to Owl or\\nshort-faced Tumbler form. Junction of head with\\nneck to be neat and almost imperceptible without\\nthroatinegs.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "12 THE riGEOX STANDARD.\\nBeak Should be long, thin and nearly equal in substanc\\nthroughout, with slight hook at end of mandible,\\nbut no dip in lower mandible, free from coarseness,\\nfurnished with slight wattle of fine texture, pale in\\ncolor approaching to white, free from stain or mark-\\ning except in blacks, blues and duns, in which colors\\na very slight Vandyke mark on tip of upper man-\\ndible is admissable.\\nNeck Long, thin, quite free from gullet or fullness of the\\nthroat, thinnest at the point of junction with tbe\\nhead, swelling gently towards the shoulders, which\\nit should join wilh a graceful and gentle curve.\\nEye and Eye Cere Eye white or pearl color, pupil intensely\\nblack and clearly defined, what is commonly known\\nas a iish eye, the eye cere is seen in various tints,\\nfrom nearly white to a coral red. In blacks tbe\\ndeeper the red the better, and a ghade of pink in\\nother colors, but do not put much stress on this\\npoint. The cere should be small and fiiiC in texture,\\nno ai)proacb to a Barb eye is admissible, but just\\nenough to show a delicate and even border to the\\neye, and no more. The general effect of the eye,\\nalthough prominent, is mild in expression.\\nLegs and Feet Legs rather long than otherwise, straight\\nnot knock-kneed or cow-hocked. Shanks thin, lean\\nand free from feathering, covered with fine scales.\\nToes long, thin, and well separated, also free from\\nfeathering. Toenails white, both legs and feet bright\\nred in color.\\nTail and Flights Tail rather long, the feathers narrow and\\nclosely folded, containing not m.ore than twelve\\nfeathers. Not swallow-ti^iled or divided in centre,\\nthe tail should be carried in a line with the back,\\njust clear of the ground, but not cocked up at all.\\nFlights rather narrow, closely folded, carried close\\nto the side, tips resting on top of tail, about half an\\niiicli from side, not crossed.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "THE PKJEOX STAXDAUD. 13\\nColor The whole of the body except head, neck and breast,\\nback, saddle and tail pure white, the color on the\\ncolored portions to be bright, deep and lustrous as\\npossible; in blacks the irridescent colors and metal-\\nlic sheen are most important; wherever the color\\nextends it must be of one rich, even depth, extending\\neven to the shafts of the tail feathers. Many other-\\nwise good birds often lun chequery or ashy about\\nthe top of rump and root of tail, which is very objec-\\ntionable. Blues and silvers should have black tail\\nbars.\\nMarkings Cut on breast. Sharp and evenly defined, without\\nartificial assistance, the color extending downwards\\nto about the tip of the breast bone, or a very little\\nbelow, running across the breast, either in a straight\\nline or slightly curving upwards towards shoulders,\\nshowing a slightly convex form. It is advisable to\\nraise the wings, and if many foul feathers are dis-\\ncovered between breast and vent markings, the\\nbreast should be carefully examined for foul feathers\\nor tiimming.\\nCut on shoulders Color extending across the\\nbroadest j^ait of the back at the shoulders, from side\\nto side at intersection of the wing with body, taper-\\ning evenly and smoothly towards the tail, and form-\\ning an elongated heart or V shaped saddle, showing\\nno ragged edges on shoulders.\\nCut at vent Even and extending only a very short\\ndistance from beneath root of tail, no foul or colored\\nfeathers extending towards thighs or belly.\\nPlumage Close and comijact, but not hard feathered.\\nDisqualifications Trimming or plucking of foul feathers,\\ndyeing or oiling, dark or gravel eyes, heavy mark-\\nings on back, feathered legs or feet. Tumbler form of\\nhead or body, chequered or ashy back or rump, want\\nof condition.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "THE riGEON STANDARD. 15\\nTHE SHORT-FACE TUMBLER.\\nCarriage and Shape. Erect and sprightly, jauuty when in\\nmotion. 1. Neck broad at base and very slender at\\nthe throat, short in length, arched in shape, with\\nhead well thrown back when viewed sideways, the\\nhead and feet to appear in the perpendicular line.\\n2. Chest broad and very prominent, but not flat.\\n3. Wing Coverts rather spreading. 4. Back slightly\\nand rump more decidedly raised. 5. Attitude ob-\\nservant and standing almost on the tip of the toes,\\nwith the sole of the feet slightly raised from the\\nground. 6. Legs short and elegant, devoid of all\\nfeathering below the knee-joints.\\nHead. 1. Large and round, but withal when measured, short\\nfrom the front to the back of the skull. 2. Frontal\\nbroad, prominent and lofty, slightly bulging forward\\n3. Crown well raised above the eyes, and convex.\\n4. Back of skull falling in rather shortened slope\\nbut withal decidedly convex and porportionate.\\n5. Jaw and cheeks wide and abundantly feathered;\\nthe muffs full and blending upwards.\\nBeak. 1. Short, straight, and as fine as possible in both\\nmandibles; the one closely fitting to the other and\\npointed at the tip. 2. Color, in Almonds, Kites and\\nwhole colors, of dark shade horn colored streaked\\nwith deep brown in Agates; yellows and whites i)ale\\nflesh color.\\nWattle and Cere. Small and very fine in texture, the cere\\nbeing moderately fine.\\nSize. Small, compact and plump.\\nFlights and Tail. Long and wide in web, rather spreading,\\nthe flights carried below the tail, but showing no\\nopening between the one and the other.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "THE I KiEON STANDAKI).\\nEyes. Silvery and bright in iris, witli jet black clearly de-\\nfined pupil, large, prominent and very round in shape\\nsituated rather to the back of the skull and appear-\\ning, owing to the lofty frontal, centred low in the\\nhead.\\nStandard Colors.\\nAlmonds. 1. Ground color, rich, sound and even; in tint\\nthat of the inside of the shell of the almond nut.\\n2. Markings. Head, neck, chest, back of rump, and\\nwing coverts evenly spangled with rich black splash-\\nes. Flights and tail showing in uneven patches three\\ndistinct colors, viz., almond, black and white.\\nKites. Black or dun ground, the former showing a golden\\nbrown shading all over the body, especially under\\nthe flight and tail web feathering; the latter a\\nyellowish golden shade on some parts.\\nAgates. Red or yellow ground color, sound and lustrous,\\nbroken by white feathers on the hackle, shoulders\\nand back, the major feathers being dark.\\nMottles. Lustrous, metallic, green black ground from head\\nto tail, the mottling consisting of from ten to twenty\\nfeathers evenly distributed in the form of a rose at\\nthe pinions of the shoulders, and an equal number\\nof white feathers evenly distributed in Y shape on\\nthe scapular plumage covering the upper j)art of the\\nback.\\nSelf Colors. Sound lustrous red, deep rich yellow and\\nebony metallic lustred black the beaks of the latter\\nshould be of the deepest coal black reds and yellows\\n])ale flesh colored.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "KLACK IJALDHEAD TUMBLER. (Feathered World.)", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "MUFFED MOTTLE,\\nCLEAN LEG MOTTLE, CLEAN LEG WHITESIDE.\\n(Featliered World.)", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "THE riGEOX STANDARD. 19\\nTHE LONQ-FACE CLEAN LEG TUMBLER.\\nBeak Close littiug, straight set, and of medium thickness.\\nWattle Xcat, fine in texture.\\nSkull\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Round, with wide frontage, showing no flatness or\\nindentation.\\nEye Pearl or white, centrally placed.\\nCere Small as possible, fine in texture. (See also separate\\nvarieties.)\\nNeck Medium length, broad at base, tapering gradually to\\nthroat, slightly arched.\\nBody Short, stout and wedge-shaped, prominent and wide\\nin chest.\\nFlights Tails\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Flights closely set, broad, short and carried\\non tail. Tail closely folded and wedge shape.\\nLegs Stout, and well set, and of medium length.\\nCarriage Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty.\\nFeather Clean, close, and tight fitting.\\nriottles Color sound and even throughout. The pinion\\nmottlings should be white, and nearly circular, even-\\nly distributed, butts free from white. The back\\nmarking should be Y shaped, well and evenly mottled\\nBeak as in Selfs.\\nRosewings Same as Mottles excepting back marking.\\nBeards The Bearding or Chuck should be small, and not\\nextending beyond the centre of the eyes, of semi-\\ncircular shape, and in line with centre of beak.\\nPrimary flights 10 x 10, tail and stockings white; the\\nrest of the body to be of a sound even color through-\\nout.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "20 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nBeak In blues, blacks and chequers, the upper mandible\\nshould be dark, and the lower flesh colored, while in\\nother varieties both mandibles should be flesh colored.\\nBald Heads The Head, primary flights 10 x 10, tail and\\nbody color downwards from the breast bone, white.\\nThe line of demarcation should extend from slightly\\nunder the lower mandible, following close to the eye\\nand gradually and evenly rising to the back of the\\nskull. Beak Cere, flesh colored in all varieties.\\nWhitesides The whole of the body, including tail and\\nprimary flights 10 x 10, should be sound colored\\nthroughout, with solid colored backs. The shoulders,\\nwing coverts, and secondary flights, pure white.\\nBeak Flesh colored, excepting blacks, which should\\nbe black.\\nAlmonds Sub Varieties\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Same as in the Short-Face.\\nSelf Colors. BLACKS. Color, deep and sound, showing\\na green metallic lustre. Beak Toe-nails\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Black.\\nKEDS. Kich color, sound and even throughout, with\\na lustrous golden bronzy hackle showing free from\\ngreen. Beak Flesh colored.\\nWHITES should posses-s a satin silvery like appearance\\nwith Beak, Toe-nails, Eye Cere, wklte.\\nYELLOWS. Color, rich golden, even throughout,\\nhackle showing a pink lustre free from green. Beak\\nFlesh colortd.\\nBarred Varieties -BLUES. Color, clear, bright and sound,\\nwith broad even black bars. Beak Black.\\nCHEQUERS, Color and iiKirkhifj.s, distinctly and evenly\\nmarked throughout, in two shades according to\\ncolor. Beak Black.\\nSILVERS. Very light and silvery in color, with black\\nbars. Beak Horn color.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD. 21\\nTHE MUFFED TUMBLER.\\nBeak Close fitting, straight set and of medium thickness.\\nWattle\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Neat, fine in texture.\\nSkull Round, showing no flatness or indentations.\\nEye Pearl, or sometimes called white; centrally placed.\\nCere Small as possible, fine in texture, flesh colored.\\nNeck Medium length, inclined to shortness, broad at shoul-\\nders, tapering gradually to throat; sliglitly arched.\\nBody Short, stout and wedge-shaped, prominent and wide\\nin chest.\\nFlights Tails\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Flights close set and broad. Tail closely\\nfolded.\\nLegs Stout, well set, and of medium length.\\nfluff Profuse, and the outer edge forming a half circle com-\\ning in to hock without break if possible.\\nCarriage Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty.\\nFeather\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Clean, close, short and tight fitting.\\nriottles C\u00c2\u00ab)lor sound and even throughout, the wing marks\\nare white and circular, evenly distributed, butts free\\nas possible from white, the back markings should\\nbe V shaped, well and evenly mottled.\\nRosewings Same as Mottles exrepting back marking.\\nBeards\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The beard should be small, crescent-shaped, and\\nnot extending beyond the centre of the eye, and in\\nline with centre of beak. Primaiy flights and muffs\\nwhite; the rest of the body to be of a sound, even\\ncolor throughout. Beak should be flesh color in all\\nvarieties.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "c", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD. 23\\nWhitesides\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tlie whole of the body including Uiil and pri-\\nmary Hights should be sound color thioughout. The\\nshoulders, wiug coverts and secondary flights pure\\nwhite. Beak\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Flesh color, except in blacks.\\nSelf Colors\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Red, yellow, black and white, sound, rich and\\neven color throughout, black showing a green metal-\\nlic lustre. Beaks\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Flesh color, except in blacks.\\nBarred Varieties Blues, silvers and chequers to possess\\nbroad, even black bars, and free from ticking or kite\\ncolor. Beak In blues and chequers very dark, and\\nin silvers horn color.\\nSaddles Black, blue, red and yellow. The two former to be\\ndark tailed; the two latter to be dark or light tailed.\\nIlead markings A snip or blaze up front of face,\\nwith a full white beard extending from back of eye\\nto back of eye under beak, forming a bib with the\\ndark patches running pear shaped into it from the\\ncentre of lower mandible, the latter called whiskers.\\nIn addition, a dot over each eye about the size of a\\nhemp seed, with a white band extending around,\\nwith the exception of a heart shape on the back,\\nwhich is dark, giving the bird the name.\\nBadges Same as Saddles except body color, which should\\nbe dark except foot feathering and ten lower flights\\nwhich should be white. Head marks same as Saddle.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "TIPPLER, Light Print.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDAiiD. 25\\nTHE TIPPLER.\\nDARK MOTTLE.\\nHead Round skull (uot too full iu front) medium faced,\\npearl eyes with dark ceres and a dark beak.\\nNeck Short, stout at shoulders, tapering well up to the\\nhead.\\nSize and Shape\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Medium in size, broad client and shoulders,\\nstrong- wing butts, body well tapering, wedge shape\\nto tip of tail.\\nFlights\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Short and broad, well overlapping each other when\\nexpanded, Lound in color throughout.\\nLegs and Feet Short legs, small feet, blight red in appear-\\nance, and free from feathers below the hocks.\\nCarriage Sprightly and erect; hard, short, close and perfect\\nin feather, flights of tail feathers being out and not\\nwell through the pin, should put a bird back as if it\\nwere a foul feather; the whole possessing a rich\\nmetallic sheen; tail feathers should be twelve in\\nnumber.\\nColor and Markings\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bronze brown, leaning tow;nds a rich\\nchocolate brown, with white markings; solid coloied\\nhead, neck and chest, well and evenly marked on\\nback and wings; flights and tail must be sound in\\ncolor.\\nLIGHT nOTTLE.\\nHead\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Same as dark mottles.\\nf\\\\eck\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Same as dark mottles.\\nSize and Shape\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Same as dark mottles.\\nFlights Samt; as dark mottles.\\nLegs and Feet Same as dark mottles.\\nCarriage Same as dark mottles.\\nColor and Markings\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Light ground, with bronze and rich\\nbronze markings, evenly mottled or i^rinted throtigh-\\nout; flights and tail sound in color.\\nLIGHT.\\nHead Same as dark mottles.\\nNeck Same as dark mottles.\\nSize and Shape\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Same as dark mottles.\\nFlights Same as daik mottles.\\nLegs and Feet Same as dark mottles.\\nCarriage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Same as dark mottles.\\nColor and Markings Simply a colored cheek, primary\\nflights and tail fpatheis, rich brown or bronze to\\ntake the lead: remainder of bird, viz., head, neck,\\nbody, wings. Including secondaries, i. e., short flight\\nfeathers, back and rumj), white or clear as possible.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "FAXTAILS.\\nBlue, White,\\nSaddle, Black.\\nFeathered World.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STAN DA UD. 27\\nTHK WHITE FANTAIL.\\nHead.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.\\nBeak. Thin, tiesli color and of medium length, the upper\\nmandible slightly curved at the tip.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small and fine in texture.\\nEye.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dark Hazel or Bull, with very fine flesh-colored cere.\\nNeck. Thin, nicely curved and tapering well oft as it ap-\\nproaches the head.\\nLength of Neck. Corresponding with length of back, so as\\nto enable the head to rest closely at the base of the\\ncushion.\\nBody. Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in\\ncenire; length of back, in proportion to length of\\nneck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with\\nease; rump, (jf sufficient size and strength to balance\\nthe tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.\\nCushion. Full and massive, the feathers of the front and\\nback overlapping each other and extending well up\\nthe tail feathers.\\nTail. Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long\\nbroad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each\\nother.\\nLegs. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers\\nbelow the hocks.\\nFeet. Small, fine and neat.\\nColor of Legs and Feet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bright red.\\nCarriage. The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a\\njaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful\\nmanner resting closely on the cushion; chest, uj)-\\nright in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on\\nfairly low and closely braced: flights, just clearing\\nthe lowest tail feathers and almosi^^ meeting at the\\ntips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to droj)\\nor incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being-\\nforced forward by the action of the body.\\nMotion. Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and\\napparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming\\nto bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with\\nconstant tremulous quivering of the body.\\nPlumage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Pino White, hard and tight fitting.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "28 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nTHE BLUE FANTAIL.\\nHead.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.\\nBeak. Thin, black and of medium, length, the upjjer\\nmandible slightly curved at ihe tip.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small and fine in texture.\\nEye. Pearl or Orange, with very fine dark-colored cere.\\nNeck. Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-\\nproaches the head.\\nLength of Neck. Corresponding with length of back, so as\\nto enable the head to rest closely at the base of the\\ncushion.\\nBody. Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in\\ncentre; length of back, in proportion to length of\\nneck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with\\nease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance\\nthe tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.\\nCushion. Full and massive, the feathers of the front and\\nback oveilapping each other and extending well up\\nthe tail feathers.\\nTaiL Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long-\\nbroad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each\\nother.\\nLegs. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers\\nbelow the hocks.\\nFeet. Small, fine and neat.\\nColor of Legs and Feet. Bright red.\\nCarriage. The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a\\njaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful\\nmanner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-\\nright in a istraight line with the legs; wings, set on\\nfairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing\\nthe lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the\\ntips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to droi\\nor incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being\\nforced forward by ihe action of the body.\\nMotion. Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and\\napparent, upheaving of the chest, the head seeming\\nto bounce gently up M,nd down on the cushion, with\\nconstant tremulous quivering of the body.\\nColor. Clear sound lavender blue. Free from sootiness or\\nbronzi4^g, and with no inclination to run light on llu-\\nrump. The feathers upon the neck and tliroiit\\nshould be covered with an iredescent metallic sheen.\\nThe wing and tail bars should be black and well\\ndefined. The tail feathers .should be edged all\\naround with the same tint as the body coloro\\nPlumage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hard and tight fitting.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "THE riGKOX STANDAia). 29\\nTHB BLACK FANTAIL.\\nHead.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.\\nBeak. Thin, black and of medium lengtli, the upper\\nmandible slightly curved at the tip.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small and fine in texture.\\nEye.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Pearl or Orange, with very fine dark-colored cere.\\nNeck. Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-\\nproaches the head.\\nLength of Neck. Corresponding with length of back, so as\\nto enable the head to rest closely at the base of the\\ncushion.*\\nBody. Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in\\ncentre; length of back, in proportion to length of\\nneck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with\\nease; rumi of sufficient size and strength to balance\\nthe tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.\\nCushion.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Full and massive, the feathers of the front and\\nback overlapping each other and extending well up\\nthe tail feathers.\\nTail. Slightly concave and circular, closely filled wtth long\\nbroad evenly set feathers, well overlapping eacii\\nother.\\nLegs. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers\\nbelow the hocks.\\nFeet. Small, fine and neat.\\nColor of Legs and Feet. Bright red.\\nCarriage. Tho bird should stand on lip-toes and walk in a\\njaunty manner. Head, throv u back in a graceful\\nmanner resting closely on the cushion; chest, uj)-\\nright in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on\\nfairly low and closely braced flights, just clearing\\nthe lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the\\ntips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop\\nor incline forw:nd legs, well apart, the hocks being-\\nforced forward by the action of the body.\\nMotion. Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and\\napparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming\\nto bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with\\nconstant tremulous quivering of the body.\\nColor. Jet black throughout, free from rustiness or a che(i-\\nuery npi earanco, and covered with a rich beetle green\\nlustre.\\nPlumage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hard and tight fitting.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD. 31\\nTHB RED FANTAIL.\\nHead. Small line and snakey, free from peak or shell.\\nBeak. Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper\\nmandible slightly curved at the tip.\\nBeak Wattle. Small and fine in texture.\\nEye. Orange, with very fine flesh-colored cere.\\nNeck. Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-\\nproaches the head.\\nLength of Neck. Corresponding with length of back, so as\\nto enable the head to rest closely at the base of the\\ncushion.\\nBody. Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in\\ncentre; length of back, in proportion to length of\\nneck, enabling tho head to rest on the cushion with\\nease rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance\\nthe tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.\\nCushion. Full and massive, the feathers of the front and\\nback overlapping each other and extending well up\\nthe tail feathers.\\nTail. Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long\\nbroad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each\\nother.\\nLegs. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers\\nbelow the hocks.\\nFeet. Small, fine and neat.\\nColor of Legs and Feet. Bright red.\\nCarriage. The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a\\njaauty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful\\nmawner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-\\nright in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on\\nfairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing\\nthe lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the\\ntips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop\\nor incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being\\nforced forward by the action of the body.\\nMotion. Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and\\napparent upheaving of the chest, the head seemit.g\\nto bounce gently up and down on the cushion, witli\\nconstant tremulous quivering of the body.\\nColor.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Clear, rich, bright golden chestnut, free from sooti-\\nness or any tendency to a bluish tint. The feathers\\nupon the neck and throat should be covertiU witli a,u\\niridescent metallic sheen.\\nPlumage\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hard and tight fitting.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "B2 THE TTGEOX STANDARD.\\nTHK YELLOW FANTAIL.\\nHead.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small fine and snakey. free from peak or shell.\\nBeak. Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper\\nmandible slightly curved at the tip.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small and fine in texture.\\nEye.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Orange, with very fine flesh-colored cere.\\nNeck. Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-\\nproaches the head.\\nLength of Neck. Corresponding with length of back, so as\\nto enable the head to rest closely at the base of the\\ncushion.\\nBody. Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in\\ncentre; length of back, in proportion to length of\\nneck, enabling tlio head to rest on the cushion with\\nease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance\\nthe tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.\\nCushion. Full and massive, the feathers of the front and\\nback overlapping each other and extending well up\\nthe tail feathers.\\nTail. Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long-\\nbroad evenly set feathers, well overlapping eacli\\nother.\\nLegs. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers\\nbelow the hocks.\\nFeet. SiiKill, fine and neat.\\nColor of Legs and Feet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bright red.\\nCarriage. The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a\\njaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful\\nmanner resting closely on the cushion; chest, uj)-\\nright in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on\\nfairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing\\nthe lowest tail feathers and almost meeiing at the\\ntips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop\\nor incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being\\nforced forward by the action of the body.\\nMotion. Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and\\napparent upheaving of the chest, the head steming\\nto bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with\\nconstant tremulous quivering of the body.\\nColor. Rich, bright golden yellow, with no tendency to run\\nlight on rump. The feathers upon the neck and\\nthroat should be covered with an iridescent metallic\\nsheen.\\nPlumage.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Hard and tight fitting.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "r\\nTHE PIGEON STANDARD. 33\\nTHK SILVER FANTAIL.\\nHead.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.\\nBeak.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tliiu, black and of medium length, the upper\\nmandible slightly curved at the tip.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small and fine in texture.\\nEye. Pearl, with very fine drab-colored cere.\\nNeck. Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-\\nproaches the head.\\nLength of Neck. Corresponding with length of back, so as\\nto enable the head to rest closely at the base of the\\ncushion.\\nBody. Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in\\ncentre; length of back, in proportion to length of\\nneck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion witli\\nease rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance\\nthe tail evenly chest, round like a ball.\\nCushion.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Full and massive, the feathers of the front and\\nback oveilapi)ing each other and extending well up\\nthe tail feaihers.\\nTail. Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long\\nbroad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each\\nother.\\nLegs. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers\\nbelow the lijcks.\\nFeet. Small, fine and neat.\\nColor of Legs and Feet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bright red.\\nCarriage. The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a\\njaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful\\nmanner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-\\nright in a straight line with the legs wings, set on\\nfairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing\\nthe lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the\\ntips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop\\nor incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being-\\nforced forward by the action of the body.\\nMotion. Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and\\napparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming\\nto bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with\\nconstant tremulous (luiveiing of the body.\\nC jlor.-A soft even shade of a very light silvery grey tint,\\nwith no tendency lo a cieamy color. The feathers\\nupon the neck and throat should be covered with\\nan iridescent metallic she( n. The wing and tail bars\\nshould be black and well defined. The tail feathers\\nshould be edged all round with the same tint as the\\nbody color.\\nPluina2:e\u00e2\u0080\u0094 flard and tight iittinu-.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "34 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nTHK SADDLEBACK FANTAIL.\\nHead. Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell.\\nBeak. Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper\\nmandible slightly curved at the tip.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small and fine in texture.\\nEye.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dark Hazel or Bull, with very fine flesh-colored cere.\\nNeck. Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap-\\nproaches the head.\\nLength of Neck. Corresponding with length of back, so as\\nto enable the head to rest closely at the base of the\\ncushion.\\nBody. Shape, small and round back, slightly hollowed in\\ncentre; length of back, in proportion to length of\\nneck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with\\nease; rumv), of sufficient size and strength to balance\\nthe tail evenly; chest, round like a ball.\\nCushion.^Full and massive, the feathers of the front and\\nback overlapping each other and extending well up\\nthe tail feathers.\\nTail. Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long-\\nbroad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each\\nother.\\nLegs. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers\\nbelow the hocks.\\nFeet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small, fine and neat.\\nColor of Legs and Feet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bright red.\\nCarriage. The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a\\njaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful\\nmanner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up-\\nright in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on\\nfairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing\\nthe lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the\\ntips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop\\nor incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being-\\nforced forward by the action of the body.\\nMotion. Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and\\napparent upheaving of the chest, the head seemii.g\\nto bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with\\nconstant tremulous quivering of the body.\\nMarkings. The wings should be marked evenly, the ten\\noutside feathers being white, the rest, including the\\ncovert or scapular feathers, to be colored; the body,\\nexcepting the back, to be white, in the barred varie-\\nties the wing bars to be clear and distinct.\\nColor. To be clear and rich throughout, with tight hard-\\nfitting ])lumage.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD. 35\\nTHE ENGLISH CARRIER.\\nHead Long and narrow, running on as straight a level as\\npossible from the ba.se or: the wattle to the back of\\nthe skull, yet displaying the slightest indentation in\\nits centre in its longitudinal exienssion. (1) Length\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094From the tip of the beak to the back of the skull,\\n2| inches at least. (2) Width\u00e2\u0080\u0094 From inside fold of\\neye-cere to eye-cere i inch\u00e2\u0080\u0094 being equal in measure-\\nment at front and back of cere.\\nBeak. Long and stout in both mandibles, shooting straight\\naway from their juncture up the gape and propor-\\ntionately thick to the very tip, the mandibles closing\\ntightly. Color, of a light fleshy hue with darii lon-\\ngitudinal streaks in blacks and blues, the streaks\\nbeing light horn color in duns; in whites, of a pale\\nfleshy color, devoid of any streaking. Measure-\\nments of face and beak, 1|^ inch in hens and not less\\nthan 2 inches in cocks, from the pupil of the eye to\\nthe tip of the beak.\\nWattle. Kather round than oval in shape. Size, as large\\nas possible, even in surface rooring, and proportion-\\nately balanced from side to side; that on the under\\nmandible scarcely showing any separation from that\\non the upper one when they are closed; the upper\\nsection lilted slightly forward from the front of the\\nskull, the lower section very gradually bulging away\\nfrom the jaw. The circumference of the wattle\\nshould be greatest at its centre, from whence it\\nshould gradually and imperceptibly blend with the\\nbeak at its inner extremity. The color of a wattle\\nshould be a powdery white tint.\\nEyes.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Deep red in iris, except whites, which should be\\nblack or bull-eyed.\\nEye-Cere. Circular and wide, evenly radiating at an equal\\ndistance from the eye. Fine, well laced, but firm in\\ntexture, rising slightly above the level of the head\\nand quite parallel in structure bolli at the front and\\nback of the skull. The color of a pale, leather-like\\ntinge, displaying but little of the powdery tint visi-\\nble on the wattle. The dimensions should be, pro-\\nportionate to sex and age in adult cocks, as wide\\nand circular as a florin; in adult hens a degree less;\\nin young birds not less than a shilling, increasing\\nwith age.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "Neck.\\nBody.\\nLegs\\nFligt\\nSize,-\\nto shu.\\nCarriage.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Erect, u^\\ntu(ie.\\nPlumage.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 With the except. v..^\\nall the plumai;e should be V\\nvery close and compactly to lu.\\nthe neck, head and shoulder cove-\\nColors.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (i) Blacks \u00e2\u0080\u0094Ebouy shade with defc^*\\n(2) Duns Of one shade all through ivj.\\ntail. Bluks Sound but clear tint; da.\\nrump, showing;- distinct wino and tail, black b.\\n(4) Wii[TEs Milk-w^hite, disi la\\\\in\u00c2\u00ab a satin like\\nlustre on the hackle and breast.\\nNote.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In estimating the value to be allotted to the beak\\nwattle and the eye cere, age and sex must be taken\\niuto account. As a general rule, the Carrier pigeon\\nis at its best between 3 and 4 years of age.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON kSTANDAKD. 39\\nTHE BARB.\\nHead. (1) Skull Large, broad and square; level and equal-\\nly wide at front and back; but dissplayinj; an indented\\nridge running froni ilie front of cacU cyo aloi.g the\\nedging of tiie skull. (2) Fokeiiead\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Wide and\\nchubby, measuring one inch and iliroe-rixtecnths\\nfrom centre of eye to tip of beak. {6) liKAK Siout,\\nand blunt at its end in color ratl)er ]\u00c2\u00bbale, siieuked\\nwith black, except pale tlcbh color in while. (4)\\nMouth Wide in gape; when closed, mandibles lif-\\nting tiglitly. (5) Wattle\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Full in front, but not\\nbulgy; line in texture, showing but a slight central\\ndivision, displaying a white ])owdery surface. ((5)\\nUndeu-Wattle or Jewing ConsiMing oi three\\ndistinctly divided, roundish waity deveh.pnu nts, one\\nat either side of the gape, and the third exactly at\\nthe centre of the base of the under-mandiblc. (7)\\nCere Circular, i. e., radiating at an equal distjini e\\nfrom the eye on all sides, rising up well above the\\nskull; equally thick and even in texture all round,\\nand rich coral red in color. (8) Eve In whites,\\nwholly black; in all other colors the iris bright sil-\\nvery white, with a clearly defined black pujiil.\\nBody. Xeck Short and thick, but displaying no gullet;\\ngracefully t;ii)ering in widening i)roporiion from the\\nthroat to the shoulders. (2) Back Kaiiuu- wide a:id\\nflat. Iji:e.\\\\st Wide, full and prominent. (4)\\nSiiouli)e:is\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Closely adhering to the botly. the wing\\nbutts not i)rojectinu- beyond the breast. Li;(;s-\\nShort, stout and firm; free from all feathers l\u00c2\u00bbil..\\\\v\\nthe hock joint. (G) Feet Claws well part* d iind\\nspreading outwardly, with nails same color as beak.\\nPlumage. (1) Flights Primaries, long and model ately\\nwide; secondaries, rather prominent at .siibs ijut\\nresting well over the longer ones. (2) Tail liaiher\\nshort, wide in web and not closely folded.\\nShape \u00e2\u0080\u0094Cobby in build and erect in carriage.\\nColors.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (1) Black\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Kaven black, displayinu a metallic\\ngreen lustre. (2) Reds- Rich chestnut color, dev(\u00c2\u00bbid\\nof dunnish or ashy shades on the rum|) and belly.\\n(3) Duxs Sound and equally even in shade ri ;lit\\nthrough, whether dark or li-iht. (4) Whites\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Very\\npure and displaying a satin-like lustre on hackle and\\nchest.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "DRACrOON. (Feathered World.)", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEOX STANDAllD. 41\\nTHE DRAGOON.\\nHead, Wedge-shaped and broad, yet proportiouate to the\\nstoutness and length of the beak, slightly curved\\nwhen viewed from the side or front, thus showing no\\nangle or extended flat surface.\\nBeak. Thick, measuring from the termination of the beak\\nhorn to the anterior corner of the eye, about IJ inch-\\nes. The lower mandible stout, stiaight and close\\nfitting the upper also stout and terminating in a\\nslight curve.\\nWattle. Peg shaped, c, broad and perpendicular at its\\nba?e, narrowing with even sides and longitudinal\\nfurrows towards the point of the upper mandible,\\nbut not intruding on the lower.\\nEye Cere. Small, line in texture, nearly circular, slightly\\npinched at the back.\\nEye. Prominent and watchful. In blues, silvers, chequers\\nand grizzles, the iris of a deej) rich red color. In\\nother varieties, an approximation to this color ex-\\ncept in whites, in which the iris is dark colored.\\nNeck. Short and thick without (jnllet, and widening boldly\\nfrom head t-^ shoulders.\\nBreast.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Broad and full.\\nBack. Broad and as Hat as possible; shoulders prominent.\\nWings. Strong, the tiights carried above the tail.\\nTail. Short and running in a line with the back, carried\\nclear of the ground, and extending quite half-an-iiich\\nbeyond the tips of the wings.\\nLegs. Short. The thighs stout and muscular. The whole\\nlength of the body, from the point of the beak to the\\nextremity of the tail, about 1 inches.\\nColor. In blues. The neck dark and lustrous; the body,\\nrump and thighs, a leaden blue of uniform shade.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "42 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nMarkings. A broad black bar across the end of the tail.\\nTwo black bars, about f of an inch, wide, even and\\ndistinct, running transversely from top to bottom of\\neach wing, in the form of the letter V inverted.\\nColor of beak in blues, black. Color of Eye Cere, a\\ndark grey.\\nColor of Grizzles and Chequers.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Each feather distinctly\\ngrizzled or chequered. The marking, color of beaks\\nand eye cere, same as in blues.\\nColor of Silvers. A uniform and light silver tint. Neck a\\ndeeper shade. Bars as black as possible. Beak,\\nhorn color.\\nYellows and Reds. Color uniform and bright. Beak of an\\neven flesh color. Eye Cere, hard and white.\\nWhites. Beak, pale tlesh color. Eye Cere same as in yel-\\nlows and red*.\\n4V^\\n7(^", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD. ^3\\nTHE SWALLOW.\\nShell. Erect at base, with the top of the shell slightly cur-\\nving forward, extending well round the head, the\\nbase of shell to be the same distance from the centre\\nof eye as from centre of eye to the joints of mandi-\\nbles.\\nCap. Extending from the wattle to the back of the head at\\na clean line to be drawn from the joints of the man-\\ndibles straight through the eyes to the base of the\\n.\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-kull just fringing but not intruding into the white\\nlining of the shell.\\nSkull. Narrow in front and wide behind that is to say,\\nwedge shape.\\nMandibles. In blacks, blues, silvers, spangles a)id chequers\\nthe upper mandible dark, the under one light in\\ncolor. In reds and yellows both mandibles to be\\nlight in color, the beak rather long, straight and\\nslender.\\nWattle. Very small and smooth.\\nEye Cere.^ Very fine in texture.\\nEyes.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dark.\\nNeck.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Short and rather cobby in aj^pearance, but showing\\nno sign of gullet.\\nShoulder. Broad and rather full set, the back wide and flat.\\nSaddle. Heart shape, showing a nice even line of marking.\\nFoot-Feather.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Length about 2ir or inches on shank, with\\nthe toes well covered, buck feathers white, all feath-\\ners below hock colored.\\nLegs. Short and rather wide apart; the shortness of lejjs\\nshould be from liock to body.\\nCarriage. Rather squatty.\\nCondition. Very lustrous in the colored parts of the plu-\\nmage.\\nMarkings. -The whole of the body white with the exception\\nof the cap, wings, foot and leg feathering below the\\nhock.\\nPoints.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Shell, 25; cap, 15; skull, 15; condition, 15; foot-\\nfeather, 10; saddle, 10; wattle, eye and eye cere, 5;\\nmandibles 5. Total, 100.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "THE PUJEOX STAXDARD. 45\\nTHE FAIRY SWALLOW.\\nShell. Erect at base, coming high up, extending well round\\nthe head.\\nSkull. Narrow in front and wide behind, showing an even\\ncurve from top of skull to front of shell.\\nMandibles.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rather long, in blacks, upper half dark, the\\nlower half light; reds, yellows and silvers, light\\nupper and lower.\\nEye Cere. Light and fine in texture.\\nEyes. Dark, hazel and well defined.\\nFrontal.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Spot, oval, extending from the nostrils; in looking\\nat the bird from the front, it should appear slightly\\ndown-faced.\\nNeck. Short and thick, but showing no sign of gullet.\\nShoulders. Broad and full set; the back broad and fiat.\\nCarriage.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Squatty.\\nLegs. Short and rather wide apart.\\nSaddle. Heart shape, clean cut, not to be long.\\nFoot Feather. Very long, and well spread in front, coming\\nnicely round to hock\\nCondition. Very lustrous in color, and free from blue-black.\\nMarkings. \u00e2\u0080\u0094The whole of the bird should be white with the\\nexception of head spot, wings excepting two .well\\ndefined white bars, and foot feathering below the\\nhocks.\\nPoints.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Shell, 15; foot feather, 20; spot, 15; skull, 10; sad-\\ndle, 10; legs, 5; neck, 5; eye and eye cere, 5; con-\\ndition, iO; mandible and wattle, 5. Total, 100.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "TURBIT.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD. 47\\nTHE TURBIT.\\nSize.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small, very full in breast. Flights short and resting\\nabove the tail; the latter short and tij^htly folded.\\nCarriage erect and graceful.\\nPeak. Springing from mane, quite unbroken and ending in\\na line jniint a little above the head.\\nHead. Large and broad, forehead high and round, full\\nabove the wattle and i)roniinent over the eyes, being\\nwell bulged so as to l)re^ent a down-faced appear-\\nance.\\nBeak. Short and thick, the upper mandible having a down-\\nward tendency. The lower mandible should be\\nstraight and lit tightly into the upper.\\nMouth. Wide with full cheeks below the eyes, the space\\nbetween the juncture of the mandibles and the eyes\\nto be well tilled out.\\nKyes.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Large and prominent, and situated comparatively\\nnear the top of the head, but with good distance to\\nthe frontal bulge. Color, bull, i. e. dark hazel, large\\nand full. Eye cere, pale flesh color.\\nWattle. Fair amount, but in no way raising out of the curve\\nof the profile.\\nCiullet. As much as possible, quite filling up the hollow in\\nthe throat.\\nFrill. As much as possible, long in feather and lirm in tex-\\nture turning both ways, and extending from the\\ngullet well down into the breast.\\nNeck. Broad from front to back.\\nLegs. Short, showing but little of the thigh. Color bright\\nred.\\nMarkings. White with colored wings, each having ten white\\nHi gilt feathers.\\nColor.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Yellow, red, black and blue, as rich and glossy as\\npossible, the bars of blues to be broad, even and\\ndistinct.\\nDisqualifications.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Trimming, plucking, coloring or aitifi-\\ncial alteration in any way. Appearance of feathers\\non the legs or feet. Out of condition from disease\\nor any decided deformity.\\nNote. It should be observed that ticked blues, chequery or\\nsmokey blacks, reds ;ind yellows, must be entered in\\nthe classes for standard colors and are not elUjihh for\\nthe Any Oilier Color clasn.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "THE P1(4E()X STANDARD. 49\\nTHE ENGLISH OWL.\\nHead. Large, massive, round, foimino a bold and regular\\narch from front and side view, well filled in between\\neye and beak.\\nBeak. short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards\\nforming continuation of curve of the skull, lowei\\nmandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the\\nupper; color in blues and powdered blues as neur\\nblack as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a\\nlight horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, i)ale\\nflesh color.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped.\\nEye and Eye Cere.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Eye large, bold, color reddish gravel\\nfor blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other\\ncolors except whites, in which it should be bull or\\nclaret, set in centre of side of head. Ceie tine and\\nneat.\\nGullet. Well developed, commencing at tip of lower man-\\ndible and terminating- in the rosette or frill.\\nNeck. Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from ;houlder to\\njunction with head, full under the jowl.\\nRosette or Frill. As ample and well developed as jiossible,\\neither admissible, rosette preferred.\\nFlights and Tail. Short and carried compactly.\\nLegs and Feet. Legs short, free from feathering below the\\nhock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red\\nin color.\\nWeight and Length.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 About 12 oz., not exceeding 14 oz. for\\ncocks, an ounce or two less for hens lejigth, from\\ntip of beak to end of tail, not to exceed 13^ in.\\nShape.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Comi)act and vigorous, chest and breast broad,\\njjrominent and muscular, rather short than other-\\nwise.\\nCarriage. Bold and active.\\nColor. Blues, sound and even Ihroughout, including rump\\nand th.ighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade\\nthroughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as pos-\\nsible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with\\nwhite; other colors as sound and clear as possible,\\nexcept chequers which should be as evenly chequeied\\non the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the\\nthighs so much the better.\\nDisqualifications. Trimming, plucking, coloring or any\\nother avtiticial alteration whatever, out of condition\\nfrom disease or any decided deformity.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "50 THE PIGEON .STANDARD.\\nTHE AFRICAN OR FOREIGN OWL.\\nHead. Round, formiug a bold and regular arch from front\\nand side view, well filled in between eye and beak.\\nBeak. Short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards\\nforming continuation of curve of the skull, lower\\nmandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the\\nupper; color in blues and powdered blues as near\\nblack as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a\\nlight horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, pale\\nflesh color.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped.\\nEye and Eye Cere. Eye large, bold, color reddish gravel\\nfor blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other\\ncolors except whites, in which it should be bull or\\nclaret, set in centre of side of head. Cere fine and\\nneat.\\nGullet. Well developed, commencing at tip of lower man-\\ndible and terminating in the rosette or frill.\\nNeck. Short, lather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder Uj\\njunction with head, full under the jowl.\\nRosette or Frill. As ample and well developed as jxissible,\\neither admissible, rosette preferred.\\nFlights and Tail. Short and carried compactly.\\nLegs and Feet. Legs short, free fiom feathering below the\\nhock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red\\nin color.\\nWeight. Not over 10 oz. for cocks, an oz. or two less for\\nhens.\\nShape.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Comi)act and vigorous, chest and breast broad,\\n]n ominent and muscular, rather short than othei-\\nwise.\\nCarriage. Hold and active.\\nColor. Blues, sound and even throughout, including vuiuj)\\nand thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade-\\nthroughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as o\\nsible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with\\nwhite; otlier colors as sound and clear as possible,\\nexcept chequers which should be as evenly chequered\\non the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the\\nthighs so much the better.\\nDisqualifications. Trimming, plucking, coloring or any\\nother artificial alteration whatever, out of condition\\nfrom disease or anv decided deformity.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "THE ]M(rE()X STAXDAin). 51\\nTHE CHINESE OR WHISKERED OWL.\\nHead.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Round, formino- a bold and reoular arch from Iror.t\\nand side view, well tilled in between eye and beak.\\nBeak.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Short, thick, upper mandible well curved dowuward:s\\nformino continuation of curve of the bkull, luwci\\nmandible stout, nieeting- and fittinj;- well into the\\nupper; color in blues and powdered blues as nenr\\nblack as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a\\nlight horn color; in reds, yellows and whiles, ale\\ntiesh color.\\nBeak Wattle Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shajjed.\\nEye and Eye Cere.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Eye laroe. bold, color reddish gravel\\nfor blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other\\ncolors except whites, in which it should be bull or\\nclaret, set in centre of side of head. Cere fine and\\nneat.\\nGullet. Well developed, commencing- at tip of lower man-\\ndible and terminating in the rosette or frill.\\nNeck. Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder to\\njunction with head, full under the jowl.\\nFrill. As aniple and well develoi)ed as possible, extending\\nin rufHe fashion right uj) to the back of the ear. This\\nis its only difference from the African Owl.\\nFlights and Tail. Short and carried compactly.\\nLegs and Feet. Legs short, free from feathering below tlx!\\nhock, feet strong and toes we:ll divided, brilliant red\\nin color.\\nWeight. Not over 10 oz. for cocks, an oz. or two less for\\nhens.\\nShape. ^Compact and vigorous, chest and breast broad.\\nprominent and muscular, rather short than othei-\\nwise.\\nCarriage.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Bold and active.\\nColor. Blues, sound and even throughout, including rump\\nand thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade\\nthroughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as i)os-\\nsible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with\\nwhite; other colors as sound and clear as possible,\\nexcept chequers which should be as evenly cheijuercd\\non the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on tlu\\nthighs so much the better.\\nDisqualifications. Trimming, plucking, coloring or any\\nother aititicial alteration whatever, out of condition\\nfrom disease or anv decided deformity.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STAXBARD. 53\\nORIENTAL FRILLS.\\nGENERAL FORMATION FOR ALL VARIETIES.\\nHead, Large, round, high, broad and well arched forming\\na continuous curve from neck to tip of beak, well\\nfilled in between eye and beak.\\nCheeks.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Full and chubby.\\nBeak. Short, thick and close fitting.\\nBeak Wattle.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small and of fine texture.\\nEye. Large, bright and prominent.\\nCere. Small and smooth.\\nCrest. (1) Needle-pointed, upright and central. (2) Shell\\ncrest, even ridge and wide spread. (3) Plain head.\\nGullet. Full and well developed, falling from near tip of\\nunder mandible to start of frill.\\nNeck. Thick, broad at base, well arched and full under\\njowl.\\nFrill. As much as possible, well covering the breast.\\nFlights and Tail. Proportionate and well set; former car-\\nried close up to body.\\nLegs. Moderate length, grouse muffed, the feathers con-\\ntinuing to toe-nails, completely covering shanks and\\nfeet.\\nForm. Compact, round and i^lumj).\\nCarriage. Erect, active, dignified.\\nThe Satinctte.\\nBeak.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Pale flesh color.\\nEye. Very dark brown.\\nCere. Flesh color. Head, neck and body underparts white.\\nShoulders.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tri-color, e., ground tint, almost colorless\\nwith fine lines of chestnut brown and purple, black\\nedging at lower extremity. It is immaterial whether\\nmarkings are laced, arrow-pointed, spangled or\\ntipped, or whether heavy, medium (\u00c2\u00bbr fine markings.\\nIt is in clearness, evenness, regularity and accuracy\\nof feather markings that jierfection is attained, and\\nthis is generally found in the lighter or palest\\ngrounded biids, where the beauty and clear contrast\\nis most obvious.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "54 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nThighs. Are more or less colored, the less the better, white\\npreferred.\\nFlights. White, and seven to ten a side.\\nTail. Dark purple, blue downwards from line across rump,\\nthe usual black band at lower extremity, u])on which\\nshould be on each and every feather a large, round,\\nwhite spot Peacock s eye clearly delined. In the\\nlighter colored biids, however, this white takes the\\nform of a band, and if well and clearly delined is of\\nequal value. Shafts of feather dark.\\nFeet. Bright red but not visible.\\nBlack Satinettes are of the veiy palest shade (almost white)\\nwith a fair lacing all over shoulders. Tail white\\nwith black edging.\\nSulphurettes\\nAre same as above, showing pale sulphur ground color\\ninstead of pale i)ink, brown on shoulders.\\nThe Brunette.\\nIs similar to the above, only differing in shade of color,\\nhaving a silver-grey tint the pencillings being of a very\\ndark red-brown, fawn, or French grey with tail of same\\nshade.\\nThe Bluette.\\nClear blue shoulders, with white bars edged with black.\\nDark blue tail, with white spots edged with black.\\nThe Silverette.\\nPale grey shoulders, with white bars edged with the dark (!r\\nshade. Grey tail, with white spots edged with dark grey.\\nThe Vizor.\\nDiffers only from the Satinette in that the head should be\\ndark bronzy purple clear cut to a well detined line running\\nacross the neck, from bottom of gullet to back of crest, divid-\\ning the dark colored head from the white. Body, frill, rump\\nand legs should be pure white and free from foul feathers\\nthighs as little dark as possible. The dark tail clearly shown\\nat rump, and white primary flights seven to ten.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "THE DOMINO. (Feathered World.)", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "56 THE PIGEON STAXDARD.\\nThe Domino.\\nColors. Black, blue, silver and dun, \\\\vith and without bars*\\nand chequers of same shades.\\nBeak.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Black or dark.\\nEye. lied and yellow gravel.\\nCere. Flesh color; white body and thi ^hs.\\nHead. Colored, which should extend low down in front of\\nneck, forming a bit), as in a Nun. Shoulders and\\ntail of same sound color all through.\\nFlights. White, seven to ten to a side.\\nLegs. Clean, free from feathers.\\nBlondinettes.\\nLike Satinettes are of various patterns of markings, viz.\\nlaced. arkow-pointed, spangled and tipi ed,\\nand of various shades and degrees of these from light to dai k,\\nand from fine to heavy. The varieties are Blue, silver, red,\\nyellow, black, dun and sulphur. These are of Ihe variegated\\nor laced kinds; the beaks of which should be black, floh\\nand horn to harmonize with each color. Eyes should be led\\nor yellow, i. e., a colored eye. The head, neck, trills and\\ntail of a darker shade. Whatever the color of each, it must\\nbe of the richest and purest of shade red, yellow, blue, sil-\\nver or sulphur, and the markings clearly defined. The blue\\nlaced being especially beautiful about the head aiid neck,\\nwith a rich and brilliant bronzy hue, which sometimes ter-\\nminates at junction line of neck and back, and in others a\\ndark head, as the veil of a Nun. These latter sort are inva-\\nriably very clear, light and attractive in variegation, the\\ncompleteness of which is exemplified all over, even to neck,\\nbreast, back, belly and thighs. In a thoroughly good laced\\nBlondinette the bronzy color should permeate the whole\\nplumage, flights and tail; the latter of which should have\\nthe large round white spot or band clearly defined upon every\\nfeather, while the former also should have an oblong white\\nspot at each extremity of flight feather. Legs and Feet\\ngrouse feathered to tips of toes.\\nBarred Blondinettes\\nAre of plain, clear blue or silver; each sort with clear\\nwhite bars, with a fine line of black upon lower edge of each.\\nTail and flights with well defined and clear large white spot\\non and near to extremity of each.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STAXDAUl). 57\\nBlack and Dun Laced Blondinettes.\\nThese are two sub-varieties, in which the lacing proper\\nis more pronounced and conspicuous. In these, each feather\\n5s evenly edf^ed with its respective colors, varyin;;- from heavy\\nto line, and from dark to light lacing. Tail and flights fairly\\nedged throughout, and neck also fairly variegated. Breast,\\nback, belly, thighs and muffs also edged.\\nThe Turbiteen.\\nColors. Black, dun, red, yellow, blue with black bars,\\nsilver with black and brown bars, blue chequered,\\nsilver chequered, red chequered, red barred and yel-\\nlow barred, all the self colors of the very deepest\\nlustre.\\nBeak. The upper mandible black and very dark horn, the\\nlower mandible white.\\nEye. Dark brown, dark ruby and orange.\\nCere. Pale flesh color.\\nMarkings.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Body, tail, flights and legs white. Colored\\nhead markings and shoulders. They are usually\\nfoujid very foul thighed, but this should be con-\\nsidered an imperfection.\\nHead. The markings should consist of three equal sized\\nspots, the frontal one commencing at tlie cattle and\\ncovering the forehead, heart shaped; the cheek\\nspots should extend fiom the base of the lower man-\\ndible, under the eye to the ear, forming a crescent\\nshaped oval. There should be a distinct white line\\nrunning from beak to eye, dividing the frontal and\\ncheek spots. Birds with front spot only are admis-\\nsible.\\nGullet. Should be white, dividing the cheek marks.\\nOriental Turbits.\\nBlacks, blues, silvers, reds, yellows, duns, chequers and\\ncreamies. Each sort sliould have the sides and idioulders\\nmarked in jjerfect elliptical form, with their res])ective colors\\nleep, rich and pure. All else should be wliite, as in the\\nEnglish Tiirbit. There are, however, tw j kinds (both admis-\\nsible as show birds) viz., white tailed and dark tailed, the\\nlatter sort being the more numorou but the white tails are\\nsupposed to have been the original.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0m,^m\\nARCHAXGKl", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "THE PLdEON STANDAIID. 59\\nTHE ARCHANGEL.\\nHead. Long and narrow, with gradual curve from front to\\nback; round skull, .showing an easy curve in all\\ndirections; lean face, junction with head to neck\\nalmost imperceptible.\\nCrest. Central, needle-pointed, one-fourth to one-half inch\\nin length, and slightly inclined forward, showing no\\nmane behind or beneath it.\\nBeak.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ^Dove shaped, light brown color, slightly curved at\\nend with black marking on top of upper mandible\\nextending from wattle to end of beak, lower man-\\ndible straight.\\nWattle. Fine in texture and small, showing very little or\\nno white surface.\\nEye and Cere. Deep orange red; pupil large and clearly\\ndetlmd, prominent, yet of a rather mild expression,\\neye cere very small and iiue in texture.\\nNeck.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Long, slender, graceful, and slenderest at point of\\njunction with head, gently widening toward the\\nshoulders, joining the latter with a giadual curve.\\nBreast. ISlightly i;romincnt, plain and neat.\\nWings. Long, close to body, and tapering to flights, which\\nshould be narrow in web of feather, extending to\\nwithin half an inch of the end of the tail and meet-\\ning tip to tip, gently resting on the tail.\\nLegs and Feet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Firm and of good length, shank free from\\nfeathers and covered with tine scales; toes well\\nseparated and long, claws black, legs and feet crimson\\nin color.\\nBody. Rather small in size, narrow and slender, and grace-\\nfully tapering from front to vent, with shoulders well\\ndefined and close to the body.\\nColor. Wings, rump and tail rich bronzed black; around\\nends of wings and rumj) feathers are arranged bril-\\nliant metallic colors, changing in hue with every\\nchange of position: tail feathers black, having a\\nrounded appearance at end; head, neck, belly and\\nthighs an even, deep, rich copper.\\nPlumage. Close and compact.\\nNature.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rather wild, yet graceful.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "THE PIOEOX STAXDARD. 61\\nTHE NUN.\\nCrest. Shell shaped, wide from side to side and thick from\\nfront to back, that is from the inner lining to the\\nouter edge, with curls at its extremities just behind\\nthe ears; high and erect, with full cushion at base\\ntowards the mane, and entire absence of any dark\\nfeathers.\\nMarkings. Head and Bib to consist of a clean-cut line of\\ndistinction between the dark feathers of the skull at\\nthe back of the crown, as near as can be at the centre\\nof the curve whence the shell rises, neither extending\\ninto the rise nor being intruded upon either wholly\\nor in jagged patches towards the crown of the head;\\nthis line of demarcation between the dark head\\nfeathers and the white hood or shell should just pass\\nbelow the side curls, and from these proceed boldly\\ndownwards at the front sides of the neck to the ex-\\ntent of about IJ in., at which point the black feath-\\ners covering the whole of the space from one side of\\nthe throat to the opposite side, viewed frontways,\\nblend inwardly in a convex form, coUvStituting a\\nshaded fall of feathers below the under mandible\\ntermed the bib. This skull and bib marking of\\ndark feathers should be of the richest depth and\\nluhtrc of plumage, either black, red, yellow, dun,\\nblue or silver, in accordance with the color of the\\nm:ijor flight and tail feathers.\\nFlights and Tail. The ten flight feathers in each wing\\nshould be dark, as should also be the twelve tail\\nleathers with the leading coverts above and below\\nthe tail itself.\\nskull. Full in frontal, rivsing boldly from a Tumbler stop at\\nthe end of the wattle on to the crown of the head,\\nwhich should present a convex appearance both when\\nviewed from the front and sides. The space between\\nthe juncture of the mandibles and eye should be full,\\nbut below the under mandible, downwards, towards", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "62 THE PIGEON STANDAKD.\\nthe neck, there should be no appearance of a gullet.\\nEye and Cere. The eyes should be of the most silvery white,\\nthe eye ceres very fine in texture, and black or deep\\ndamson colored.\\nWattle. Small, fine and possesses a delicate white bloom.\\nBeak. Of medium length and thickness,, and of the blackest\\nebony tint and polish in blacks and blues, dark brown\\nin reds and duns, and pale pink in yellows and fc il-\\nvers. The claw nails should matcli in color with the\\nbeak of each specimen.\\nLegs and Feet. Darker in coral or purple shades than in\\nany other fancy pigeon, and free from feathers\\nbelow the knee joints, foul hocks or thighs being\\ndiscountenanced.\\nShape and Size. Medium structure and proportions rather\\nlarger than the Turbit aiid smaller than the Enulish\\nOwl. The neck is long but not slender, the head\\nbeing carried very upright; the chest is f till and\\nwide, the shoulders are broad, and the keel is full\\nbut not projecting; the back is straight and sloping\\nfrom shoulders to the rump the pinions aie strong\\nbut closely tucked in lo the body; the flight and\\ntail feathers are broad and jn-oporliouately long, the\\nformer resting on the latter at the tips. The whole\\nshape of the body is of a muscular, wedge-formed\\nstructure.\\n7f^", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "I", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "04 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nTHE RUSSIAN TRUMPETER.\\nSize. Large, about tlie size of a middling Runt.\\nCarriage. Rather the reverse of being upright.\\nBody Feathering. The feathers of the body profuse in\\nquantity and proportion, and rather the reverse of\\ntight fitting.\\nFlights. Long and broad, reaching to the tip of the tail.\\nTail. Long and quite broad.\\nMocks. Heavy, long and extending to the ground.\\nFoot Feathering. Not only do the foot feathers cover com-\\npletely from view^ the claws and nails of the feet, but\\nthey are so long as almost to justify the title of leg\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2flights being bestow^ed on them; they should\\ngradually and evenly overlap each other, and when\\nthe bird is standing on the floor should present an\\nabsolute right-angle projection on either side of the\\nbody to the fiont view, gracefully tapering off at the\\nback till the extremities of the feathers rest closely\\nto the tail.\\nRose. Exactly at the centre of the crown of the head should\\nai)pear a ])rofuse tuft of feather, falling like a veil\\nall over the head towards front, back and sides, the\\nextreme limit of each and all the feathers forming\\nan unbroken and regular circle extending to the tip\\nof the beak, to the back of the crown just to the bend\\nof the shell feather^- and all round the head, barely\\nleaving a chance glance of the eyes visible. It is\\nmost essential that there .should be no jagged iireg-\\nulariiy in the fringe of this rose-like feather display.\\nShell or Crest.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 From ear to ear at the back of the skull,\\nthere should extend a massive, lengthy, well slinped\\nrever;-al of feathers in the form of a beautiful shell\\nor crest, and the larger and fuller this head covei ing\\nis, the higher it should be prized.\\nEyes. Either bright silver or rich orange.\\nBeak. Moderately long.\\nWattle and Cere. Small and fine in texture.\\nPlumage. Colors vary from whole whites to whole blacks,\\nsome of the best specimens being rose, saddle and\\nl)iniou marked, mottles. There are albo grizzles,\\nblues, reds and yellows.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "SHOW HOMER.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "66 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nTHE SHOW HOMER.\\nSkull. Compared with the size of the body, the skull should\\npresent neither an appearance of largeness nor\\nsmallness, it should be rRther 2^roportionaie, and that\\nwithout any angle, depression or flatness in any one\\npoint, from whichever aspect il is viewed.\\nHead.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lencth from the tip of the beak to the outer ridge of\\nthe back of the skull should as nearly as possible\\ncompass 2| in. this space should be sub-divided as\\nfollows: (1) From the tip of the beak to the root of\\nthe wattle a trifle over one quarter of an inch (2)\\nfrom thence on to the juncture of the mandibles (a\\nspace covered by the nasal organ, itself covered by\\nthe wattle) the measurement should be about three-\\nquarters ot an inch, so that the whole beak and\\nmouth con-jointly should measure as nearly as pos-\\nsible one inch (3) the space between the junction of\\nthe mandibles and the front edging of the eye cere;\\nthis space should not be less than three-eighths of an\\ninch. If anything, the head should be rather narrow\\nthan wide. If viewed from above, it should present\\nan oval or egg formation, the greatest width being\\njust at the back of the eye, where it should measure\\nabout one inch across the skull, gradually rounding\\noft at the back of the cranium. In shape it should\\nhere be like the wider end of a hen s egg.\\nEyes. Pearl or silvery white and placed as near as possible\\non a line with the beak in the head, the space be-\\ntween it and the crown of the skull being, if anything,\\nrather shallow than the reverse.\\nEye Cere. Cannot be too fine and as dark as possible.\\nWattle. Small and fine in texture and nicely heart-shaped,\\nnot bulging over at the sides or rising out of the\\neven sweep of the slightly convex line from the tip\\nof the beak to the feathered frontal bone.\\nBeak. Not thick, but rather of medium substance, both", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON ST AN I) A HI). 67\\nmandibles being as nearly as possible of equal thick-\\nness and leno-th, the upper one slightly bending\\ndownwards, but the under one very straight, and\\nshowing neither any bend nor appearance of jewing.\\nNeck. While rather narrow at its meeting with the head, it\\nshould gracefully widen out all round, as it tends\\ndown to the shoulders. Clean cut at throat with no\\nsign of gullet.\\nShoulders.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Broad.\\nBack. Broad, rather straight than rounded, slightly sloping\\ndownwards from base of neck to tip of tail.\\nChest. Moderately prominent.\\nShape of Body. Of a wedge formation from the chest to the\\ntip of the tail.\\nWing Butts.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Should, like the rest of the wing, fit closely\\nto the body, not projecting beyond the chest or hang-\\ning down below and away from the sides of the truck.\\nKeel. The keel or breast bone should be very deep, straight\\nand of proportionate length.\\nLegs. Medium length, the thighs are very muscular and\\nclose set to the body, the shank-bone cs])ecially being-\\nmuscular, but wilhal sj iirsely and clo.vely feathered,\\nso that no featliers should extend below the hock\\njoint. The leg joints from the hock bones to the\\ninstep and the claws, and thence onward to the black\\ntoe-nails, should be ruby-red and lirnily set, showing\\nnot the remotest tendency to either lanky, bowed or\\ncontracted appearances.\\nFlights.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Broad, short, tightly fitting to each other, and\\ncarried well over the rump lowanls the tip of tl.e tail.\\nTail. Short, firm in web, and feathers very tightly closed\\nover each other.\\nColor. Of all chequered and barred tints.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "68 THE PKiEON STANDARD.\\nTHE FLYING HOMER.\\nChest.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Deep, broad, muscular breast bone, fairly long and\\nperfectly shaped.\\nWings. Not too long, broad, well covered, thick quilL^?\\nsound, no signs of feather rot, uo ill-nourished flight\\nfeathers.\\nHead. Broad, ample room for brains.\\nBeak.-- Medium in length, fairly stout and strong, but not\\ntoo much wattle.\\nEyes. Any bright color, but must have large, prominent\\npupils.\\nCere. Darkish tinted and hard.\\nLegs. Sturdy, not too long, well feathered down to joints.\\nTail. Not too long and tapering, the wings reaching to\\nwithin about half a:i inch from end of tail. Tail.\\nbody and wings all to beautifully ta) er off together.\\nColor. Any color, but must be bright and shiny, like steel,\\nespecially the flights.\\nSize. Rather above the average.\\nCondition. Hard, tight fitting plumage; perfectly solid\\nmu cles, not too fat, but hard and heavy feeling\\nwhen compressed in the hands.\\nTHE ANTWERP.\\nShort-faces. Require a good unbroken rise of frontaP\\nfrom the beak and beak wattle to the crown of the\\nskull.\\nMedium -faces. Should be barrel headed, the formation\\nof the skull between the wattle over the crown of the\\nhead to the back of the eye being similar in rise and\\nelongation to the shape of an ordinary beer barrel,\\nthe distance of measurement from the centre of the\\neye to the juncture of tlu; mandibles to the front, aiitl\\nfrom the same si)ot t the outer ridge of the b:icK\\nskull, being absolutely equal. This midway position\\nof the eye is the essential feature of a true medium-\\nfaced Antwerp.\\nLong-faces. Of a totally different formation. The rise of\\nthe face from the spot where it joins the nasal wattle\\nshould be very gradual, showing an even long sweep\\nfrom the tip of the beak, over the surface of the\\nwattle along the muzzle, on to the crown of the skull,\\nthence gradually slo] ing olf at the back to the head\\ntowards the neck.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDARD. 09\\nSkull. Short-faced should be broad medium-faced of even\\nmedium barrel-like proportion; long-face compara-\\ntively narrow.\\nNeck. Immediately under the jawbone should be well caved\\nin, showing not the remotest appearance of a gullet\\nor throatiuess.\\nBeak. In short-faces should be as stout, short and as wide\\nat mouth end as possible; in mediums the thickness\\nshould be, if anything, even greater, litting well to a\\nwide, mug-shaped mouth showing a good depth from\\nthe wattle rise to the jawbone. In long-faces, the\\nbeak cannot be too long or proportionately thick,\\nbut withal of a graceful hhape (not downward bent)\\nwell shooting away as far as the under mandible is\\nconcerned from the jawbone on a line with the eye.\\nBeak wattle. Even and well developed, but not bulging\\nover the sides of the mouth, the toi) of the beak, or\\ntoo high on its approach to the frontal bone.\\nEye cere. Small, evenly laced, and rather line in texture,\\nof a sound, deep grey color, showing a little bloom,\\nbut not of a red tint.\\nEye. Should in all colors be of a deep gravel-red color.\\nBody. The Antwerp is the largest pigeon existing, the Runt\\nonly excepted.\\nCarriage. Bold and upright.\\nChest. Wide, fully expau led in the front, well supported\\nby massive broad shoulders.\\nBack.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Long and well developed, not absolutely flat, and yet\\nvery far from hog shaped. The depth from the\\nback to the edge of the keel or breast-bone should\\nbe great and proportionate.\\nFlights and Tail. Long and broad, the former being well\\ntucked in and resting at their tips on the latter at a\\ndistance of not less than half an inch fioni the ex-\\ntremity of the tail.\\nLegs. Very muscular from thighs down to the hocks: from\\nthe hocks to the ball of the feet they are massive,\\nvery straight, and free from all feathers.\\nColors. Silver duns, mealies, red chequers, blues, and blue\\nand black chequers.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "70 THE PIGEOX STANDAKD.\\nTHE PARLOR TUMBLER.\\nVarieties.\\nSingle, Double and Roller.\\nPerformance.\\nThe Single performer should make but one turn, consisting\\nof a straight backward somersault, (similar to the human\\nacrobat.) The turn should be on a straight line backward\\n(not sideways) and at each turn the bird should laud square\\non its feet. Performance should be noiseless and free from\\nfluttering of wings. The Single performer should clear the\\nfloor at each turn, but the closer the better.\\nThe Double performer should make two successive turns\\nand as noiseless and free from fluttering of wings as possible.\\nThe turns should be straight backward (not sideways.) The\\nbird should clear the floor, but the closer the better, and land\\nsquare on its feet.\\nThe Roller performer should make a series or number of\\nstraight backward turns. These turns or somersaults to be\\non a straight line backward (not sideways) and as free from\\nflutter of wings as possible. The performance of the Roller\\nshould be down on the floor, and at no time should the bird\\nrise high enough to clear the floor while turning. Perform-\\nance should be an actual roll on the floor.\\nColors. Selfs; black, yellow, dun and white. Mottles;\\nred, black, yellow, dun and white. Splashes; red,\\nblack, yellow, dun and white. Black Self Coloi\\ndeep and sound showing a green metallic lustre.\\nBeak black. Red Self Color deej). sound and even\\nthroughout, with a lustrous, red bronzy hackle show-\\ning free from green. Beak flesh color. Yellow\\nSelf Color rich yellow, even throughout, pinkihh\\nbronze hackle showing free from green. Beak flebh\\ncolor. Dun Self Vary in shade, but must be clear\\nand even throughout, either light, dark or medium.\\nBeak horn color. Mottles Color sound and even\\nthroughout. The pinion mottlings to be white and\\nneavlv circular, evenlv distributed. Butts free from", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON S J\\\\VM)Ai;i). 71\\nwhile. The back markings BhouUl in: V shaped, well\\nand evenly mottled. Beak as in solids. JSplasiiks\\nWell spangled with white, and color of the variety\\nall over the body. Wing primaries and tail solid.\\nBeak as in solids.\\nBeak. Close fitting, straight, of medium length.\\nWattle. Neat, fine in texture.\\nSkull. Round, rather high in front.\\nEye. Pearl, centrally placed.\\nCere.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Small, fine in texture.\\nNeck. Medium length, broad at base, tapering to throat.\\nBody. Short, stout and wedge shaped, prominent and wide\\niji chest.\\nFlights. Closely set, short and cairied on the tail.\\nTail. Closely folded and wedge shape.\\nLegs. Stout and well set, medium length.\\nCarriage. Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty.\\nFeather. Clean, close and tight fitting.\\nDisqualifications.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dark or broken eyes, or feathers below\\nthe hock.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "SCAXDAROOX.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDAHl).\\nTHE SCANDAROON.\\nSize. Decidedly large.\\nSkull.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Should be loiij]^, narrow and very arched from tlie\\nwattle to the back of the crauium. This arched\\npeculiarity is continued all along the surface of a\\nlong, rather roovy wattle, and stout, long, beu: beak\\nboth mandibles of which should curve well down-\\nwards, and be very close fitting; from the tip of the\\nbeak to the back of the head at its juncture with the\\nneck it should present an elongated semi-circular\\noutline.\\nEye.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The eye is surrounded by a fleshy, ruby-red cere; in\\nall whole or self colors, except whites, the iris should\\nbe either pearl or orange in color; in whites and pied\\nspecimens it should be black or bull-eyed.\\nWattle. Long and full, but not coarse or projecting beyond\\nthe sweep of profile appertaining to the whole head-\\npiece.\\nNeck. Long and slender, well scooped out at the throat and\\nrather arched or swan-like in carriage.\\nShoulders.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Broad and flat.\\nChest. Wide and full but not prominent, the breast bone\\nstraight and well developed.\\nBack.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Flat, slightly sloping downwards to the rump and\\ntail.\\nWing Butts. Very stout, projecting beyond the chest,\\ncoverts close set to the sides of the body.\\nFlights. Rather short, stiong in shafts, tightly folded and\\nCarrie 1 up over rump, resting on extremities of tail.\\nTail. Rather short, narrow and carried well clear of the\\nflooi.\\nLegs. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Long and very muscular, the lower joints of the thigh\\nbeing distinctly visible when the bird is standing\\nupright.\\nFeathering. On the neck, shoulders and thighs the feath-\\ners should be close fitting, even to scantiness.\\nColors. All solid colors and pied.\\nMarkings. In p ed varieties the lower part of the neck, the\\nbreast, back, rump and tail, as also a saddle cut on\\nthe top of the back across the shoulders, are all of\\ndark tints, the rest of the plumage being white in\\nMagpie fashion. The head and upper part of the\\nneck are also white, with the exception of two\\nalmond-shaped patches extending from the root\\nof the under mandible, widening lengthways below\\nthe eye to the ear-holes.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "74 THE 1*IGE()N STANDAKl).\\nTHE RUNT.\\nSize. Should not measure less than twenty inches from the\\ntip of the beak to the end of the tail. A long, narrow\\nbird is most objectionable width and compass of\\ngirth must be accompanying points. A Runt twenty\\ninches in length should measure in girth, i. e., around\\nthe upper part of the body, at least fourteen inches.\\nWings. When stretched out to their full limit, should meas-\\nure from tip to tip not less than thirty-six inches.\\nHead. Of a very massive, dove-shaped character, with a\\nthick beak of proportionate length, rather downward\\nin tendency.\\nWattle. Almond-shaped, and, though full, not rough in\\ntexture.\\nEye Cere. Fine and plum-colored, showing a healthy whit-\\nish bloom.\\nEye. Rather sunken in the head, the iris should be either\\nsilvery or golden red.\\nNeck. Medium length, of cobby formation, well cut away\\nat the throat no display of anything tending to a\\ngullet. A wide, but not too prominent, chest is a\\ngreat feature of excellence.\\nBack. Broad, rather hog shaped at the upper part, but\\nvery flat as it approaches the rump.\\nLegs.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rather short than long, in proportion to the size of\\nthe bird, and be widely set apart.\\nCarriage. Upright, not horizontal or boaty.\\nColors. Blacks, reds, mealies, chequers, blues and silvers.\\nTHE ENGLISH TRUMPETER.\\nThe English Trumpeter is generally a pigeon of whole\\ncolor, whites, reds and yellows being the most found. They\\nhave an upright carriage; the head is rather coarse Dove-\\nshaped; the eyes are black, bright orange qt pearl. At the\\nback of the head they have a beak crest, and just above the\\nwattle the feathers are reversed, bending towards the beak\\nthis is called the tuft; the feet are heavily feathered, and the\\nhocks considerably booted.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "THE I lGEOX STANDARD. 75\\nTHE SUABIAN.\\nThe :^round color of its plumage is of a dark slate-like hue,\\nbut each of the lesser soft feathers has a i roj)ortiouately\\nlarge or small spot of silvery satiu-like tiuge at its edging,\\ngiving to the whole body plumage a laced and watered-satiu\\nlustre. The minor flights should have a light satin oval\\nmark in the centre the major flight feathers are each tipped\\nwith a white satin marking, being distinctly and separately\\nobservable, even when the wing is closed. The tail is slate\\ncolored, and has a distinct black bar at its tip. Some Suab-\\nians are crested their feet antl legs are clear of all feathers\\nbelow the hocks. Carriage rather erect; neck slender.\\nTHE HYACINTH.\\nMuch resembles the Suabian in the ground color of its\\nplumage, but is rather spangled in arrow fashion than laced\\non the shoulders; the spangling itself is of a bluish shade\\nsome specimens have an almond-yellow ground plumage on\\nthe shoulders; the flights and tail are of a dark slate color;\\ntlie size of the Hyacinth is rather above the medium propor-\\ntion the legs are free from all feathering, and of a rich coral\\ncolor. Carriage rather erect; neck slender.\\nTHE PORCELAIN.\\nClosely resembles the Hyacinth the neck, breast, rump,\\nand tail and flight feathers are rather darker, while the\\nshoulders, and especially the wing bars, are very much light-\\ner in ground; the bars are almost white, delicately edged\\nwith a bluish-black fringe; the feet and legs are bright red\\nand free from all feathering. Carriage rather erect; neck\\nslender.\\nTHE STARLING.\\nVery lustrous, almost black-bodied. A half moon-shaped\\ncrescent marking en the breast of a light whitish-grey tinge,\\nvery lightly spangled or flaked with reddish-black streaks.\\nThe crown of the head and also the sides of the face are very\\nevenly streaked with brownish splash marks. The bars on\\nthe vrings should be clear white, not at all broken or jagged\\nin edging the whole of the plumage should reflect a brilliant\\nlustre. The legs and feet are coral-color, and devoid of\\nfeather.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "76 THE PIGEON STANDARD.\\nTHE CRESCENT OR SWISS.\\nClosely resembles the Starling in shape and marking, with\\nthe exception that the body ground is of a very pale ashy-\\ngrey color; on the chest it has a rich brovm-red crescent, the\\nwing bars being of the same rich color, standing out very\\ndistinctly from the ground color. Crescents are either plain\\nleg or booted. The beak is slender and of a pale brown color.\\nTHE BLAZEFACE.\\nOf all colors, rich in lustre and generally clean legged; the\\ntail feathers from the rump downwards to the tips are snow\\nwhite, as are also the two wing bars; the rump and the\\nwhole of the rest of the body are dark in color.\\nThe blaze mark from v- hich they derive their name consists\\nof a wtiU defined white oblong si)ot of feathers just over the\\nwattle, extending about a quarter of an inch in length, and\\nabout one-eighth of an inch in width, exactly in the centre\\nof the forehead the beak is slender and dark in color.\\nTHE FIRE PIGEON.\\nThe Fire Pigeon much resembles the Blazeface in that it\\nhas a similar white tail, and occasionally has also a like\\nwhite spot over the wattle. The whole of the body })lumage\\nis a spangled mixture of grizzled and laced dazzling rich red\\nspangling on a lustrous black underground; either grouse\\nmuffed or feather legged.\\nTHE HELMET.\\nThe whole of the body coloring is white, with the exception\\nof the lower part of the rump and tail, and particularly the\\ncrown of the head, which, at a direct line from the juncture\\nof the mandibles to the back of the skull drawn just across\\nthe lower eyelid, should be dark in color, forming a helmet-\\nlike covering to the head. These helmet and tail markings\\nare of all colors and shades. The Helmet is a clean-legged\\npigeon. The under mandible of the beak should be white\\nlike the body color, the upi)er mandible should be dark in\\nshade according to the color of the helmet marking; eyes\\nshould be silvery white.\\nTHE SPOT.\\nThe Spot resembles the Helmet in all points but two the\\neyes of Spots are generally bull or black the head, or rather\\nface marking, should not in size, extending from the wattle,\\nbe much larger than a large pea; it should also be as round\\nas possible. Si)Ots are generally clean legged, but, if foot\\nfeathered, the latter should be of the same color as the tail\\nand spot marking.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEON STANDAKD.\\nTHe ICE PIGHON.\\nSome are K])angled on a very pale bine gronnd, others are\\nlaced, some neither the one nor tlie (^thor; but in all ca^-es\\nthe wing bars are very gracefully edged wiih a black or blue\\ntrimming. The Hight and tail feathers arc more or less dark,\\nwith a dark bar across the tip of the tail. The eyes are liery\\nred, surrounded by the thlniust of eye ceres: the beak is\\nslender and jet black. The Ice pigeon is sr-ometimes clean\\nlegged, sometimes heavily foot fcaihered.\\nTHE PRIEST.\\nIn plumage the ground color i^ of all f-hades, the blue be-\\ning most common, but redf, blacks, yellows and silvers are\\nfrequently met with, and now and again very prettily spangled\\nand chequer-shoulder specimens are seen. The markings\\nconsist of white skulls or pales; the line of separation\\nbetween the body color and the crown of the head is from a\\npoint where the mandibles meet, passing in clean-cut fashion\\non a line with the lower part of the eye cere, and rising to\\nthe base of the crown of the head at the back. The ujiper\\nmandible is white, the under one of a dark color. The wing-\\nbars in all colors are snow white, in some specimens the bar\\nacroi-s the tip of the tail is also white. The Priest is shell-\\ncrested, the shell extending from ear to ear; the eyes are\\nblack or bull eyed; it is grouse muffed on the legs to the\\ninstep of the foot. The principal feature of the Priest is,\\nhowever, its nayal iiifi this is a cluster of feathers just over\\nthe wattle, growing the reverse way to those of any other\\nvariety of pigeons: these feathers are long, very soft, and\\ncurl close and tightly above each other.\\nTHE LATZ.\\nThe I.atz has a shell crest; it is white in body plumage,\\nwith the exception of the head, bib, chest and tail, which,\\nare black, red or yellow, etc. The most remarknble feature\\nof the Latz is the possession of a long chain of loose reveised\\nfeathers extending from the crest down each side of the neck;\\nthe eyes are pearl colored, and the feet free from feathering.\\nTHE TIGER.\\nThe reason for its ferocious name is its striped plumage\\n30vering. Foot feathering is very profuse, some of the longer\\nfeathers measuring fully live inches, and evenly overla])])iiig\\neach other. Lines of dark feathers should spread in niure or\\nless regular formation all over the white ground color; the\\ntiijiht feathers, both lesser and major, as well as those of the\\ntaU, should be alternately white and dark in shade, tliis\\narrangement of color extending especially to the foot feath-\\nering. Tigers are shell crested.\\nUrf4", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "78 THE PIGEON .STANDAJ J).\\nTHE FRILLBACK.\\nIt is dove headed, thin iu eye cere aud wattle, slender in\\nbeak, cobby in build; but very evenly grouse muffed on the\\nlegs, aud ])ossesses a most remarkable arrangement of evenly\\nreversed feathers all over the wing covering and saddle of\\nthe back; these feathers increase in the amount of frilling\\nfrom the shoulders to the coverts of the lesser flights, in the\\nformer evenly arranged curls falling one over the other in\\nmost symmetrical fashion. Frillbacks are of all colors, from\\npure whites to jet blacks.\\nTHE SPOT SWALLOW.\\nSimilarly marked on the wings and flights to the Swallow*\\nbut no dark feathers covering the crown of the head. It has\\na spot or snip of black or dark shaded feathers over the\\nwaitle on the front of the face, instead of the cap covering\\nthe head. In addition to the shoulders being of dark color,\\nthe whole of the lengthy foot feathering should also be of the\\nsiune color as the shoulder marking. Of whatever shoulder\\ncolor Spot Swallows may be, the wing bars, excejjting those\\nwith spangled shoulders, must be snow white and very clearly\\ndefined in bar edging. Some are spangled or laced on the\\nwing coverts if so, the flight feathers should each be tip])ed\\nwith an oval white spot. The eyes are daik in color, and\\nthe upper mandible either black or horn color, according to\\nthe lighter or darker shade of the wing color plumage.\\nTHE SHIELD.\\nIts shoulder covering should be dark in color, on an other-\\nwise completely white-feathered body. The Shield is shell\\ncrested and possesses a wonderful amount of foot feathering,\\nwhite in color, very lengthy in i)roportion, and regularly\\noverlapping one feather over the other.\\nTHE FLO:^ENTINE.\\nVery long in legs, short in toes, long and swan-like even\\nto excess in neck, and short and cocked in tail, like Jcni;y\\nWren, short and roundish in body, and very prominent iu\\nchest, rather coarse shaped and long in head and beak the\\nflight feathers are short and carried well over the rump to-\\nwards the uprising tail; in plumage it is of all colors, though\\nwhole whites, blacks and mottled blacks are the most com-\\nmon. They sometimes have a peculiar distorted and tremu-\\nous action.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "THE PIGEOX STANDARD. 79\\nTHE SWIFT.\\nHead is rather round and full; the beak short and stout;\\nthe eyes of a deep red color; the throat is devoid of all\\nappearance of a gullet; the neck is thick and cobby, supjjurt-\\ned by broad shoulders and a prominent, full chest; the back\\nis long and flat; the space from the surface of the back to\\nthe front end of the breast-bone or keel shows a considerable\\ndepth, the breast-bone being rather long and very straight.\\nThe thighs are strong and muscular. In color, Swifts are of\\nan ashy powdery shade from the base of the neck downwards;\\nthe neck itself is very lustrous, and varies in richness of color\\nfrom almond to dun tints, in proportion as the body is of\\ndark ashy htie or of pale silvery dun tint.\\nTHE DAMASCENE.\\nIn size and structure it greatly resembles the English Owl.\\nIts head is round, rather short and full in front; the beak is\\nshort, thick and black; the upper mandible being slightly\\ncurved; the eye is rather centrally placed, and is of a deei)\\ngravel coU\u00c2\u00bbr. surrounded by a thin very dark eye cere, even\\nof a dark daiusou tinge. In plumage, the outer surface pre-\\nsents a clear, light, silvery-blue shade, extending from the\\nhead all over the neck, back, shoulder.-, chest, belly, thi|)hs\\nand rump, the tail having a deep black bar at its tip, and the\\nshoulders having two very distinct ebony bars, the flights\\nbeing also as nearly black as possible. The flight feathers\\nare moderately long, as is also the tail. The Damascene has\\na gullet but no frill.\\nTHE DEWLAP.\\nIt is generally of blue ground color; black barred on wings\\nand tail; in build rather cobby, like the English Owl, but\\nsomewhat larger in size; it should have rather a stout, short\\nbeak and gravel colored eyes. Its most striking point is its\\nenormous gullet, which extends from the immediate base ot\\nthe under mandible fully one inch in length down towards\\nthe breast; it is also much deeper than that of ordinary\\ngulleted pigeons. The markings consist of a white narrow\\nsnip of feathers like that of the Blazeface, just over the\\nwattle, and of two triangular white patches on either side ot\\nthe neck, about three-quarters of an inch below the eyes.\\nThe ten major flight feathers are also white. The whole of\\nthe rest of the body plumage is of one color excepting the\\nbars in blues and silvers. The upper mandible should be ati\\nnear white as possible, the under one black. The legs arc\\ndevoid of all feathers below the hock joints, and should l i;\\nverv coral-red in color.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "80 L UK PUiKoN STANDAKl).\\nTHE CAPUCHIN.\\nllather small iu bodily proportions, erect and sprightly in\\ncarriage. Broad shell crest at the back of the head extend-\\ning from ear to ear, but fitting very closely, compactly and\\nevenly to the skull. The head is round and full ni the front;\\nthe beak short and of moderate substance, and bhick in col-\\nor; the wattle is white and line in texture the eye cere is\\nthin and dark in color; the iris of the eye is of the most\\nsilvery white. The whole of the body plumage is of the must\\nlustrous dark shade, generally of ebony black, with the ex-\\nception of the tail and tail coverts, from a line clean cut at\\nthe base of the rump, which to the tip of the feathers should\\nbe of the purest white. Besides all whole colors there are\\nalso barred blues and silvers.\\nTHK MOOKEE.\\nIs a pigeon of peculiar bodily action the head and neck\\nare in constant motion. With the excepcion of the crown of\\nthe head, extending from tlie juncture of the maiKlibles in a\\nstraight line wiih the eyes to the back of the cranium, which\\nis white, and the tw() or three extreme flight feathers, which\\nare also white, the whole body of the Muokee is generally of\\nlustrous black or red ground color; the carriage is erect, the\\nback of the head ornamented with a very close fitting pointed\\npeak; the eyes arc black, the upper mandible of the beak\\nshould be white, the lower one black.\\nTHE ANCIENT.\\nIn flight it has the action of the Tumbler; in motion it has\\na slight vibration of the neck, as the Fantail in skull forma-\\ntion it has the frontal of the Turbit; in beak it has an ap-\\nproach to the substance of the Owl; in eye cere it has the\\nred fleshy substance of the Barb; in iris it equals the bright-\\nness of the Cumulet; in foot feathering it vies with tln^\\nchoicest of Oriental Frills; in marking it is as evenly pied\\nand cut as the Magpie; in bib or crescent it is as distinctly\\noval marked as the Pouter is crescent shaped; iu depth and\\nlustre of neck, chest, saddle, rump and tail color it ai)proaches\\nthe Archangel; in body structure and uprightness of carriage\\nit is as compact as the Homer; in hardness and closeness of\\nfeather second not even to the choicest Dragoon iu constitu-\\ntion as hardy as a Rock in disposition as merry as a Cropper.\\nIt is found in all colors.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "1ln^cI.\\nAfrican Owl,\\nArchangel,\\nAntwerp,\\nAncient,\\nBarb,\\nBrunette,\\nBluette,\\nBlondinette,\\nBlazeface,\\nCropper. Norwich\\nClean Leg; Tumbler,\\nCarrier,\\nChinese Owl,\\nCrescent,\\nCapuchin,\\nDragoon,\\nDomino,\\nDamascene,\\nDewlap,\\nEnglish Carrier,\\nEnglish Owl,\\nFantail,\\nFairy Swallow,\\nFlying Homer,\\nFire Pigeon,\\nFrillback,\\nFlorentine,\\nHomer, Flying\\nHomer, Show\\nHyacinth,\\nHelmet,\\nIce Pigeon,\\nJacobin,\\nliatz.\\nMagpie,\\nMufeed Tumbler,\\nMookee,\\nPage.\\n50\\n59\\n68\\n80\\n39\\n54\\n54\\n5()-57\\n76\\n7\\n19\\n35\\n51\\n76\\n80\\n41\\n56\\n79\\n79\\n35\\n49\\n27-34\\n45\\n68\\n7()\\n7s\\n7^\\n58\\n66\\n75\\n76\\n77\\n9\\n77\\n11\\n21\\n.SO", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "lln ei:.\\nNorwich Cropper,\\nNun,\\nOwl, Engli h\\nOwl. African\\nOwl, Chinese\\nOriental Frills,\\nOriental Turbits,\\nPouter,\\nPigmy Pouter,\\nPouter, Bruner\\nParlor Tumbler,\\nPorcelain,\\nPriest,\\nRunt,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00baShort Face Tumbler,\\nSwallow,\\nSatinette,\\nSulphurette,\\nSilverette,\\nShow Homer,\\nScandaroon,\\nSuabian,\\nStarling,\\nSwiss.\\nSpot,\\nSpot Swallow,\\nShield,\\nSwift,\\nTumbler, Short Face\\nTumbler, Clean Leg\\nTumbler, Muffed\\nTumbler, Parlor\\nTippler,\\nTurbiteen,\\nTrumpeter, Russian\\nTrumpeter, English\\nTiger,\\nVizor,", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "The Latest\\nDiseases of Pigeons.\\nBY J. A. SUMMERS.\\nThis work treats on every disease that Pigeons are heir to,\\ngiving an exhaustive description of symptoms\\nand the best treatment for each.\\nThis is the Most Reliable and Only Work of\\nthe Kind ever Published in America.\\nB\\nEVER hefore has so much vahiable information\\non this subject, been published in book form.\\nEvery Fancier, Old or Young, Should Have a Copy of this Booi^.\\nPrice 50 Cts. By Mail.\\n^yr\u00c2\u00bb)\\nPUBLISHED BY\\nC. E. TWOMBLY, BOSTON, MASS.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "Pedigree Book\\n...FOR FANCY AND\\nHOMING PI EONS.\\ni^ Fanciers Loft Register.\\nPublished by C. E. TWOMBLY.\\nSomething to keep n lifetime, and tlie most practical and\\ncomplete book of the kind ever published. Registers the\\nyoung from 100 pair and kee|)s correct pedigree of every bird\\nin the loft. Hundreds of fanciers now using this Loft Reg-\\nister would not be without one.\\nRead What Two Well Known Fanciers Say Of It.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2I havs received a copy of The Pigeon Fanciers Rkotstki:\\npublished by C. E. TwoMBT.Y. It is gotten up in such good\\nshape that it explains itself, and I cheerfully recommend it\\nto all pigeon fanciers. F. M. Gilf ert, EvansviUe, Iwl.\\nI have used the Pigeon Fancieks Loft Register, and\\nthink it is the best book of the kind I have ever seen. It is\\ngotten up in such a way as to enable me to register all my\\nyoung birds, and gives me more pleasure than trouble to keep\\nit. Every one keeping Fancy Pigeons should have one.\\nJofteph Gavin, Maiden, Mass.\\nPRICE 50 CTS. POST PAID.\\nPOR SALY BV\\nThe Pigeon News,\\nBOSTON.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "NEW BOOK ON PIGEONS\\nPublished by C. E. TWOMBLY, BOSTON.\\nENTITLED\\nPIGEONS\\nAND\\nAIX ABOUT THEM.\\nBy F. M. GILBERT.\\nThis is the most complete Pigeon Book\\never published at the price, it contains full\\ndescription of every known variety, tells all\\nabout how to manage your birds in sick-\\nness and in health, and is the\\nLATEST PIGEON STANDARD.\\nProfusely illustrated with half-tone repro-\\nductions of the most up-to-date drawings.\\nThe work contains 264 pages, is handsome-\\nly bound and every fancier should read it.\\n$1.00 PER COPY BY MAIL.\\nFor Sale By\\nC. E. TWOMBLY, P ^.!:.!i!?fl:\\nBOSTON, MASS.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "All\\nPigeon Fanciers\\nSubscribe\\n..FOR THE.\\nThe Best\\nExclusive\\nPigeon Paper\\nin....\\nthe World.\\nI Pioreon\\nI\\nI News\\n1 16 to 20 Pages, Illustrated,\\nSeini Monthly,\\nI Only $1.00 per Year.\\nTwo Months on Trial for 25 cents.\\nSample Copy Free.\\nC. E. TWOMBLY, ^^Mh^:\\nBOSTON, MASS.", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "Fine Printing;.\\nw w vjp 1\\nNote Heads,\\nLetter Heads,\\nEnvelopes,\\nTags, Circulars,\\nCards,\\nLabels,\\nPedigree Blanks,\\nPedigree Cards.\\nPigeon Cuts,\\nPoultry Cuts,\\nRubber Stamps,\\nSEND FOR CATALOGUE.\\nC. E. TWOMBLY, gHJJ ^^en\\nBOSTON, MASS.", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "PIGEON AND\\nPoultry Supplies.\\nEARTHEN NEST PANS\\nEvery Pigeon Fancier\\nNeeds These Nests.\\nMade of red clay, meas-\\nures about nine inches\\nacross the top, with heavy\\nbottom, therefore not easily\\nupset.\\nThese are the Only Practical Pigfeon Nests on the Market.\\nPrice .15 each, 2 for .25. 6 for ,50, 12 for $1.00.\\nLEO BANDS, Seamless Aluminum and German Silver, for\\nall breeds of Pigeons.\\nMessage Holders and Blanks for Homers.\\nDr. WENDEL S PILLS for Goiii- Light, Canker, etc.,\\n25 cents per box, post pjiid.\\nBANNER EGG FOOD and TONIC is the best Condition\\nPowder for Chickens. It keeps the flock healthy, and\\ngreatly increases the egg yield, price 1-lb Can 25c., by\\nmail 40c., 5 Cans $1.00, on board express in N. Y.\\nOur Immense Illustrated Catalogue, describing over 1000\\ndifferent articles. Free. Send for one.\\nExcelsior Wire Poultry Supply Co.\\n28 Vesey Street, New York City,", "height": "3459", "width": "2150", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3481", "width": "2142", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRES\\n002 864 450 4", "height": "3500", "width": "2191", "jp2-path": "pigeonstandard00twm_0092.jp2"}}