{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4751", "width": "3027", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.\\nChap. Copyright No.\\nShelf.___w-ri.^\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "CREEDS\\nAND\\nRELIGIOUS BELIEFS\\nAS THEY APPEAR TO\\nA PLAIN BUSINESS MAN\\nBY\\nJOHN S. HAWLEY\\nNEW YORK\\nWILBUR B. KETCHAM\\n7 AND 9 West Eighteenth Street", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "^5599\\nLibrary of Congress\\nTwo Copies Received\\nNOV 141900\\nCopyrigrit ntry\\nSECOND COPY\\nDei ;vr-rc d to\\nORDER DIVISION\\nNOV 19 1900\\nNo\\nCopyright, 1900,\\nBy WILBUR B. KETCHAM", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "To my old Friend, School-fellow, and Townsman,\\nDr. James T. Sweetman, of Chariton, Saratoga\\nCounty, N. Y., this book is dedicated, as an expres-\\nsion of my appreciation of his invaluable work in\\naid of the Charlton Industrial Farm School.\\nJOHN S. HAWLEY.\\nYoNKBRS, N. Y., September i, 190a", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nPAGK\\nIntroduction 7\\nWhat do Christians think of One Another ii\\nThe Apostle*s Creed 14\\nBrahmanism and Buddhism 21\\nConfucianism 23\\nMohammedanism 26\\nHebraism 31\\nChristianity 35\\n\u00c2\u00bb^Roman Catholicism 50\\nThe Greek Church 71\\nvLrUtheranism 72\\nEpiscopalianism 80\\nPresbyterianism no\\nMethodism 116\\nThe Baptist Faith 117\\nCongregationalism 119\\nUnitarianism 119\\nUniversalism 1 23\\nChristian Science and Mental Science 127\\nAgnosticism 135\\nConclusion and Summary 138\\nAppendix i6i", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Work and despair not bring thy mite,\\nNor care how small it be\\nGod is with all that love the right,\\nThe truthful and the free.\\nNo act falls fruitless none can tell\\nHow vast its power may be\\nNor what results enfolded dwell\\nWithin it silently.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION.\\nMy friends and acquaintances will be surprised\\nindeed, to learn that I have attempted to write a\\nbook, but not more so than the writer. I have\\nmuch to ask of their indulgence for the lack of\\nfinish or completeness in both sentences and chap-\\nters, and no one will be better aware of the crude-\\nness of this little volume than myself.\\nThe subjects under consideration have usually\\nbeen treated by theological scholars, who brought\\nto their work exhaustive study and investigation.*\\nThis work will not for a moment compare with\\ntheirs, except that it has the merit of brevity.\\nIt is written, however, by one who is in a per-\\nfectly independent position, not influenced by\\nfear or favor, unhampered by church tenets or\\necclesiastical inventions. It purposes merely to\\ngive in as few words as possible a few points of\\ngeneral information on Religious Beliefs to per-\\nsons who will not be likely to take the time to\\nTheir great mistake, however, is that they study only from\\none point of view like a democrat who never examines a re-\\npul^lican newspaper and vice versa looking for politics rather\\nthan facts.\\n7", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "8 INTRODUCTION,\\nstudy such subjects, except in a superficial man-\\nner. I have only attempted to write as one busi-\\nness man would speak to another, calling things\\nby their right names and wasting no time in\\nwords.\\nSome one (perhaps more) of my friends will be\\nlikely to anxiously ask, Does John Hawley\\nbelieve in the Bible\\nI will answer, **Yes, I believe in everything\\ngood in the Bible/*\\nAh But do you not believe that it is the in-\\nspired word of God, written by men who were\\ndivinely and specially inspired, and therefore\\nwriters only of explicit truth\\nI will answer frankly, No writers were no\\nmore inspired two or three thousand years age\\nthan they are to-day, or than they will be in the\\nfuture. How absurd it would be for us to insist\\nthat our descendants two or three thousand\\nyears hence should believe exactly as we do, re-\\ngardless of developments that will then have be-\\ncome history For aught we know, men of this\\nopening century may be the authors of what will\\nbe embodied in the Bible of two thousand years\\nhence.\\nBut what a grand thing it is that we have the\\nBible with its history of the development of re-\\nligion, which commenced when man began to\\nthink\\nAnd has enlightened religion improved Com-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTION, 9\\npare the sacrifice laws of the ancients, the cruel-\\nties of Moses and Joshua, with the humanities of\\nto-day and realize that it is progressive religious\\nthought that has brought about the improve-\\nment.\\nIf we judge the future by the past, is it not\\nprobable that higher beliefs and higher morality\\nwill develop a grander civilization And ought\\nwe to claim the right to make laws or rules for\\ncontrolling the spiritual thought of the people of\\nthose coming days Clearly it is most just and\\nproper for the people of all ages to adapt their\\nbeliefs to the lights they have.\\nTheologians may perhaps inquire what right I\\nhave to discuss their specialty I reply that they\\noften criticise the methods and doings of business\\nmen (often with propriety), and for a plain busi-\\nness man to express his opinions of Creeds and\\nBeliefs seems only a matter of reciprocity.\\nIt seems to me that preachers and teachers of\\ndogmatic religion, begin with two serious mistakes,\\nviz. First, they force a belief upon themselves\\nthough it is often lacking in that absolute essen-\\ntial, perfect sincerity. Second, they endeavor to\\nforce these same beliefs upon others, and thereby\\nwould stop all effort of earnest men, who are en-\\ndeavoring to ascertain truth.\\nAs for the first, I think it wrong to compel our-\\nselves to believe anything. As for the second, I\\nclaim the inalienable right to investigate as I", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "10 INTRODUCTION.\\nplease, to choose my own teachers, and to decide\\nfor myself. I cannot honestly do otherwise. I\\nintend to say what I think, and I believe that he\\nwho sows a seed, from which springs even the\\nsmallest advance in liberal Christian Faith, is a\\ndoer of good.\\nTheology in effect is often simply a system for\\nthe retarding of progressive religious thought. It\\nhas always placed a higher value upon its own\\ndoctrines and theories than upon facts.\\nMany of these doctrines are without foun-\\ndations. Like houses built upon the unstable\\nsand, they are propped up by superstition, tradi-\\ntion, and legend, but they must inevitably fall\\nbefore science, intelligence, and reason. And the\\nsooner they do, the better. Real and enduring\\ntheology must be founded upon the rock of truth", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nWHAT DO CHRISTIANS THINK OF ONE\\nANOTHER?\\nIf you ask a dozen members of various Christian\\nchurches what the beliefs are of those that belong\\nto churches other than their own, it is surprising\\nto note the answers you receive.\\nIn a general way they will tell you that the\\nCatholic believes in the power of the priest or\\nbishop to save or to condemn him, that he worships\\nthe virgin Mary and innumerable saints, and that\\nhe believes that when the priest has forgiven his\\nsins he starts off with a clean record, no matter\\nwhat may have been his former life. They will\\nprobably agree that the Baptist believes that\\nimmersion is the essential form of baptism. The\\nEpiscopalian will be considered a believer in\\nforms and ceremonies. They will gravely tell you\\nthat the Unitarian does not believe in Jesus Christ,\\nand are not quite sure whether the Universalists\\nburn a Bible every Sunday in their churches or\\nII", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "12 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nnot, but they have heard so. The Presbyterians\\nare supposed to be followers of John Calvin, while\\nthe Lutherans are Catholics who do not acknowl-\\nedge the Pope.\\nNot only are members of churches uninformed\\nas to the beliefs of their sister churches, but many\\nof them are not clear as to the beliefs of their own\\ndenominations. Ask an Episcopalian, for example,\\nif he believes in foreordination, and he will usually\\nsay, no suggest to him that such a doctrine is to\\nbe found in his prayer-book, and he will say,\\nOh no/* and perhaps rather indignantly ask\\nyou where it is to be found?** Quote to him\\nNo. 17 of the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion and\\nhe will be surprised, and admit he never read it\\nbefore. Ask him if he believes his minister is\\nempowered to say when his sins are forgiven, and\\nhe will reply Certainly not/* Yet he says Amen\\nto this sentiment every time he attends church.\\n(From the Prayer for the Absolution or\\nRemission of sins.**)\\nHe hath given power and commandment\\nto His Ministers to declare and pronounce to\\nHis people, being penitent^ the absolution and\\nremission of their sins.**\\nIn like manner the Presbyterian knows but little\\nof the Westminster Confession of Faith, and the\\nMethodist has read only a part of his Church\\nDiscipline.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 3\\nARTICLE XVII. OF PREDESTINATION AND\\nELECTION.\\nPredestination to Life is the everlasting pur-\\npose of God, whereby (before the foundations\\nof the world were laid) He hath constantly\\ndecreed by His counsel secret to us, to deliver\\nfrom curse and damnation those whom He hath\\nchosen in Christ out of mankind, and to bring\\nthem by Christ to everlasting salvation, as\\nvessels made to honour/*", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "THE APOSTLES CREED.\\nPerhaps no better beginning of this Chapter can\\nbe made than by quoting the two following letters,\\nwhich will explain themselves.\\nNew Yo^BMi^June 13, 1899.\\nTo the Editor of Th^ Outlook.\\nIn your number of June 3d, is an editorial which I read with\\nsurprise and not a little regret. It is entitled, Unity in Wor-\\nship, and is in the main a plea for the adoption by Protestant\\nChurches generally, of a liturgy similar to that of the Episcopal\\nChurch. It also especially advocates the (so-called) Apostles,\\nCreed as a basis of Church Unity, though it scores the Nicene\\nCreed as not very intelligible philosophy.\\nOf the Apostle s Creed, the Article says it was not constructed\\nat all, but grew.\\nIt also says the Apostle s Creed is fact.\\nIt is beyond my understanding how such a liberal and progres-\\nsive teacher as The Outlook can voice these sentiments.\\nMy father was a strict Presbyterian and I was bred in that\\nfaith.\\nLater in life, for many years, I attended the Episcopal Church.\\nI used to read the Creed mechanically (the usual way), and\\nthought little about it. So, for the time, all went well, for my\\nmentality quietly rested in the supposition that what I had been\\ntaught must be correct.\\nBut after a time I began to think of this Creed and to wonder\\nupon what authority it was based.\\nFrom that time I could read only the first few Unes of the\\nCreed, for I could not conscientiously say I believed most of it.\\nWhy is it called the Apostles Creed, when there is absolutely\\n14", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 5\\nno evidence that the Apostles ever used or ever even heard of it\\nHow misleading is this\\nWhere is the authority for saying Jesus was the only Son of\\nGod when he repeatedly called his Apostles his brethren When\\nor where did he call himself God s only Son\\nWhy should such emphasis be given to Conceived of the\\nHoly Ghost Born of the Virgin Mary Of how much\\nsignificance are these details\\nYet they seem by the Creed to be of more importance than the\\nteachings of our Great Master\\nSuffered under Pontius Pilate. Would it not be nearer the\\nfact to say, Suffered under the Theology of his time For\\nPilate wished to save His life, but the Chief Priests sought to\\nkill Him.\\nHe descended into Hell. Where is Hell\\nHe ascended into Heaven and sitteth on the right hand of\\nGod.\\nWhere is Pleaven Does God live in a certain place and\\ndoes He sit upon a throne as the King of an earthly nation sits\\nupon his throne\\nThat is the teaching of the Creed, but I cannot find it in the\\nteachings of Jesus.\\nI believe in the Holy Ghost. Is this meant to refer to the\\ninspiration of a Holy Spirit that speaks to us all Why should\\nthis inward voice this Comforter be referred to as a person\\nThe Communion of Saints seems to me to be only mystify-\\ning. Who are the Saints How do they commune How is\\nit with those other than Saints Do they also commune\\nThe resurrection of the body Possibly we shall be told\\nthat this means the resurrection of the Spiritual body. But is it\\nnot plainly apparent that it was intended to refer to the physical\\nbody Besides, if the Spirit does not die, how could it be res-\\nurrected\\nTo me the so-called Apostles Creed is an indorsement of the\\nbeliefs that were held by Christians through the dark ages. All\\nhonor to them for their beliefs under the lights they had But\\nit was after all a two-story and basement theology. They be-\\nlieved this Earth to be the center of the universe, the main floor", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "l6 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nof the structure. God lived in Heaven, which embraced the up-\\nper story, while Hell was in the basement The good at death\\nwent to the upper story, while the wicked were sent to the base-\\nment to suffer forever, with no pitying hand held toward them\\nand no voice to instruct or lead them\\nTo believe all this in ancient days was natural to truly believe\\nit to-day is impossible\\nWhat shall be said of those who each week solemnly say they\\nbelieve the Creed, and then endeavor to explain it away\\nThere is no satisfaction and absolutely no value in a half-be-\\nlieved Creed.\\nThe Master never uttered more remarkable words than when\\nhe said, God is Spirit and they who worship him, must wor-\\nship him in spirit and in truth.\\nThe chief excuse for clinging to this Creed seems to be its\\nantiquity. How^ old is it I am told by the most able student\\nI know, that it cannot be traced to a time prior to the fifth\\ncentury. The writer can remember men who were bom 140\\nyears ago, one-tenth as far back as the age of the Apostles\\nCreed, fourteen hundred years Geologists go back more than\\nfourteen hundred millions of years and find no trace of a be-\\nginning\\nIs the antiquity of theories that were believed fourteen hundred\\nyears ago so great, as to make it a theological necessity that\\nthey should still be indorsed by people who live in the light of\\nmodern science\\nIs it inconsistent with true reverence for the highest form of\\nreligion, that we believe in the discoveries of Copernicus and\\nNewton\\nAre we given our powers of reason and understanding for no\\npurpose so far as religious belief is effected\\nIn science, in business, in all the practical affairs of life, we\\ncorrect errors as we find them. Is it not of far greater importance\\nthat errors in our highest beliefs should be corrected, whenever\\nand wherever they are demonstrated to be such\\nReasoning men can only accept the i^postles Creed by putting\\naside their mentality, and this most of them are loth to do, and\\nmany will not do.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. Ij\\nIn a certain church in New York City, there is read each Sun-\\nday the following Creed\\nWe believe in the Fatherhood of God, the brotherhood of\\nman, the spiritual leadership of Jesus Christ, and the immortality\\nof the Soul.\\nWe believe that goodness is the eternal law of God and will\\nfinally overcome all evil, and that only as we accept and practise\\nthis law, can we find peace in this World or in the World to\\ncome.\\nGoodness I How grand is the word when we think of it 1\\nPlace in one scale all the religious doctrines and dogmas that\\nwere ever invented, and in the opposite scale a few grains of\\nGoodness, and compare their weight\\nWhy cannot Christian Unity be accomplished upon the basis\\nof a statement of belief like the above To me it seems impos-\\nsible that it can ever come when it involves a belief or professed\\nbelief in the Apostles Creed.\\nJohn S. Hawley,\\nYonkers, N. Y.\\nThe manuscript was returned on June 30th\\nwith the following letter from the editor, Dr.\\nAbbott,\\nTHE OUTLOOK,\\n287 Fourth Avenue,\\nNew York.\\nJune 30, 1899.\\nMy Dear Sir:\\nWe return this manuscript to you, which we are not able to\\nuse. It asks many questions which I think, from my point of\\nview, might be answered, but the answering of them would in-\\nvolve repeating again what we are constantly repeating in The\\nOutlook, the reasons for our faith in the essential facts of his-\\ntorical Christianity. It is possible that those facts are not stated\\nin this creed in their best proportion, but they state what is the\\n2", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "l8 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ngeneral belief of Christians, and state that belief in a form\\nwith which the great majority of Christians are familiar, and\\nstate it freed from mataphysical subtleties and refinements. This\\nis the ground on which it seems to me useful to retain that creed\\nas an expression of the historic faith of the Christian Church, al-\\nthough in some respects in forms which the Church of to-day\\nwould not use, if it were creating a new statement of its present\\nbelief.\\nYours sincerely,\\nLyman Abbott.\\n(W.)\\nMr. John S. Hawley.\\nWhen we consider the position which Dr.\\nAbbott holds in the Christian world, through his\\nfine talents, his opportunities, his great experience,\\nand his acknowledged ability, it is easy to under-\\nstand that his views and expressions deservedly\\ncarry unusual weight. It is therefore to be re-\\ngretted that his response was not more complete.\\nWhatever may be said of the first of these let-\\nters, it is certain that Dr. Abbott s reply is not re-\\nmarkable for its clearness or directness. On the\\ncontrary, it is distinctly evasive. It says the\\nquestions asked might be answered, but the\\nanswering of them would involve repeating again\\nwhat we are constantly repeating in The OUT-\\nLOOK.\\nThough the writer has read The Outlook and\\nits predecessor, the Christian Union, for many\\nyears, he has no recollection of having seen the\\nanswers referred to.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. I9\\nConcerning the Apostles* Creed, Dr. Abbott\\ntwice expresses disapproval i. e., he says It is\\npossible those facts are not stated in this creed in\\ntheir best proportion.* It might be interesting to\\nknow what changes he would make to state them\\nin their best proportion/ whatever may be the\\nintended meaning of that phrase.\\nAgain he says of this creed that it is in some\\nrespects in forms which the Church of to-day\\nwould not use, if it were creating a new statement\\nof its present belief.\\nThough both of these quotations are obscure\\nand incomplete, they seem to show that Dr. Ab-\\nbott, while desiring to indorse the creed, is not\\nentirely satisfied with it.\\nWhy is this Why is it that thousands of\\nministers and millions of religious people who use\\nthis creed do not give it their entire approval\\nThere is but one answer and that is They do not\\nsincerely believe it\\nIt is a hopeful sign in the march of progressive\\nthought when religious teachers will make such\\nadmissions as those referred to.\\nThe historical value of the Apostles* Creed is\\nvery properly spoken of, for that appears to be its\\nchief virtue. In most of its averments it has be-\\ncome obsolete. It seems to me that when a\\ndeclaration of belief is found to be defective and\\nincorrect, it has survived its real purpose and\\nought to be replaced.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "20\\nCREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS,\\nThere was a time when men were persecuted\\nfor expressing the smallest doubt as to the entire\\nliteral correctness of this creed. They were infi-\\ndels, and it became the duty of the church to visit\\nGod s wrath upon them. To-day they are only\\naccused of heresy, now scarcly recognized as being\\na punishable offense, except by excommunication,\\nwhich is not often resorted to, and which has also\\nbecome quite harmless.\\nTo the consistent Catholic all Protestants are\\nheretics to the orthodox Protestant all who do\\nnot believe in the multitudinous doctrines of some\\nof the various denominations, are heretics. Be-\\ntween the two the heretics have increased until\\ntheir numbers alone make them quite respectable,\\naside from the fact that they include thousands\\nof the most eminent scholars, the highest moral-\\nists, and the best thinkers of the Christian world.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "BELIEFS OF THE MOST PROMINENT\\nRELIGIONS OF TO-DAY.\\nBRAHMANISM AND BUDDHISM.\\nThe people of the East claim that their religious\\nhistory extends back to a period far more remote\\nthan that claimed by either Christians or Jews.\\nThe Chinese have dates extending back more than\\ntwenty thousand years, the Hindoo also gives\\ndates of great antiquity, but they are so obscured\\nin tradition and legend, myth and doubt, as not\\nto be reliable.\\nThe Brahman Religion is of great antiquity.\\nIts oldest books are known as the Vedas. The\\nword, Veda, means a breath from the Divine/*\\nTo this day Brahmans believe that this Divine\\nbreath inspired the writers of their Vedas, and\\nthat therefore they are and always must be abso-\\nlutely infallible.\\nThey believe in innumerable gods, gods for\\neverything in nature, as the god of the sky, god\\nof the wind, god of the sun, god of fire, of the\\nfields, of the trees and the flowers, etc., etc. God-\\ndesses are also numerous, as the goddess of the\\ndawn, etc., etc.\\n21", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "22 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nAll the moral virtues are taught in the Vedas.\\nVice, dishonesty, untruthfulness, and all immor-\\nality are forbidden and condemned and are pun-\\nished by the gods.\\nBuddha came into the Hindoo world many cen-\\nturies after Brahma. He was a reformer, and his\\nteachings were largely against what might have\\nbeen called the ecclesiasticism of his day and sur-\\nroundings. For a time Buddhism was the chief\\nreligion of India but later Brahmanism regained\\nthe ascendency, though its old caste restrictions\\nand priestly rule were modified by the influence\\nof Buddhism.\\nThe Hindoos believe not only in many gods,\\nbut also in many devils, who bring into the world\\nall diseases, sins, and evils that afflict humanity.\\nThey have great reverence for certain animals,\\nplants, and stones, and have numerous sacred\\nplaces to which they make pilgrimages on certain\\noccasions by thousands.\\nThis people may fairly be said to be afflicted\\nwith excessive religion. To them their religious\\nbelief is far more important than knowledge, or\\neven truth. By nature they are an intelligent\\nrace. Had their diligence in the pursuit of knowl-\\nedge and truth been equal to the persistence with\\nwhich they have clung to their mythical beliefs,\\nwho can say but that to-day they might have been\\namong the foremost of the earth s nations\\nGreat efforts have been made and are being", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 23\\nmade to convert the Brahmans to Christianity, but\\nwith comparatively small results. They cling to\\ntheir idols, to their dogmas and doctrines Can\\nthey consistently be blamed for this by Christians\\nwho with equal persistency cling to man-made\\ndogmas and doctrines which are generally un-\\nscriptural, not provable, sometimes absolutely\\nunreasonable, and often impossible\\nCONFUCIANISM, THE RELIGION OF THE CHINESE.\\nConfucius was born about 550 years before the\\nChristian era, in the Lu country of China. He\\nwas studious in his boyhood and a scholar while\\nhe was still a youth. At an early age he became,\\nlike his father, an officer of the government and\\nwas soon advanced to one of the highest positions\\nin his state, distinguishing himself for great abil-\\nity.\\nNot satisfied with this, he resigned his office,\\nand for thirteen years devoted himself to study\\nand observation, traveling over various parts of\\nthe Kingdom. He returned to Lu, and spent the\\nremainder of his life in study, teaching, and revis-\\ning and improving the Kings, or Sacred Books\\nof China.\\nSo far as numbers are concerned, Confucius has\\nhad an influence over a greater number of human\\nbeings than any man of whom we have any ac-\\ncount, and at the present time his religious and", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "24 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nmoral teachings are embraced by probably thirty\\nper cent, of the world s inhabitants.\\nPrior to the time of Confucius, the Chinese be-\\nlieved in one personal God whom they called\\nShang-te. He was believed to be the everlasting\\nruler of Heaven and Earth, controlling nations\\nand individuals. By his command the good were\\nrewarded and the wicked were punished. Al-\\nthough this deity is still worshipped by the\\nChinese, and their emperor in the name of the\\ntrue believers makes solemn sacrifices to him, he\\nis not considered essentially as a person, but rather\\nas a condition or Heaven. The writings of Con-\\nfucius do not embrace a belief in a personal\\nGod.\\nThe Chinese have great regard for the spirits of\\nthe departed, especially the spirits of their ances-\\ntors, who, they believe, are continually watching\\nover those they left behind, giving them good or\\nevil fortune. They consult these spirits in all\\ntheir affairs. Even in matters of State, confer-\\nences are supposed to be held with the spirits\\nof deceased emperors, lawgivers, and wise men,\\nabove all with the spirit of Confucius.\\nFilial and brotherly love are distinguishing char-\\nacteristics of the Chinese, and both these virtues\\nare inculcated through their religious teaching.\\nChinese women occupy a subordinate and even\\na degraded position. To obey seems to be theirs\\nonly, a women is required to obey her parents and", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 2$\\nthe parents of her husband, her husband, and, if\\nshe is a widow, she must obey her eldest son.\\nEducation is greatly respected and revered in\\nChina, and only from the educated can officials be\\nchosen.\\nThe following from the teachings of Confucius\\nmay well be studied and copied by those who lay\\nclaim to the highest civilization. The superior\\nman strives after nine things\\n1st. In seeing to see clearly.\\n2d. In hearing to hear distinctly.\\n3d. In expression to be benign.\\n4th. In his demeanor to be decorous.\\n5th. In speaking to be sincere.\\n6th. In his duties to be respectful.\\n7th. In doubt to inquire.\\n8th. In resentment to think of difficulties.\\n9th. And when he sees an opportunity for gain\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094to think of right.\\nJesus gave to Christians the Golden Rule. In\\nlike manner Confucius gave to his followers a\\nsimilar general rule of life as follows What ye\\nwould not that men should do to you, do not ye\\ndo it to them.*\\nThough stated in different words, in substance\\nthey are equal.\\nConfucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are the\\nthree legal religions of China. Japan has two\\ngreat religions, Shintoism and Buddhism, to one\\nof which nearly all of its people belong. To", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "26 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ndescribe all the teachings, doctrines, dogmas and\\nreligious customs of the people of the East, would\\nrequire volumes of research and study, and would\\nbe far beyond the scope of this little book.\\nMOHAMMEDANISM.\\nAnother great teacher of the half-civilized people\\nof our little globe, was Mahomet or Mohammed.\\nThis man was born at Mecca, Arabia, A. D.\\n571. He was of poor parentage, though of a\\nnoble branch of his tribe. In youth he was of a\\nserious, meditative, and religious temperament.\\nEarly in life he claimed to have been visited by\\nthe Angel Gabriel, who commanded him to preach\\nand instruct the people. The Angel took him\\nfrom his house in Mecca to Jerusalem and thence\\nto Heaven, where he received his revelations from\\nGod himself. The more ignorant of the Moham-\\nmedans believe that the prophet went to Heaven\\nin his physical body, while others say it was in\\nspirit.\\nMost of the Koran, or Bible of the Moham-\\nmedans, was written by men under the teaching\\nof Mahomet, but much of it is from ancient tradi-\\ntions of the Arabs and from the Bible.\\nThe Koran contains 114 Suras, or Chapters.\\nThey were written by various men and at different\\ntimes and contain much that is contradictory and\\ninconsistent, but these contradictions and incon-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 2/\\nsistencies are deftly harmonized by Mohammedan\\ntheologians, who teach that every word of the\\nKoran is divinely inspired.\\nThere is no God but Allah, and Mohammed\\nis his prophet,** is the continuous exclamation of\\nthe good Moslem.\\nThey believe in one God, the Eternal One, the\\nCreator and Ruler of everything that he is at-\\ntended by pure angels and that there will be a\\nfinal resurrection of the dead.\\nThey believe in a hell to which the wicked will\\nbe condemned, while the good will be rewarded\\nin paradise.\\nJesus is recognized in the Koran as divine, but\\nnot as a deity not as the Son of God.\\nThe Koran commands Mohammedans to pray.\\nOne of their prayers corresponds with the Lord s\\nPrayer. It is as follows\\nIn the name of the Most Merciful God.\\nPraise be to God, the Lord of all creatures, the\\nmost merciful, the King of the day of judgment.\\nThee do we worship, and of Thee do we beg as-\\nsistance. Direct us in the right way, in the way\\nof those to whom Thou hast been gracious, not of\\nthose against whom Thou art incensed, nor of\\nthose who go astray.**\\nAll Mohammedans believe in God s absolute\\nforeknowledge and predestination.\\nFeasts, fasts, and pilgrimages innumerable, are\\namong their religious duties. In these feasts,", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "28 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nanimals are sacrificed as in the days of Mosaic\\nlaw. Camels, sheep, and goats are used for this\\npurpose.\\nThere are many different sects among the Mo-\\nhammedans, who argue and dispute one with an-\\nother on minor points of belief. Some of the\\nmore rude tribes practise Devil worship. They\\nregard diseases as manifestations of an evil spirit\\nhaving control of the sick.\\nBrahmanism, Confucianism, and Mohammed-\\nanism, here so hastily and imperfectly sketched,\\nform, with Christianity, the four great religions\\nof the world, and embrace probably nine-tenths\\nof its inhabitants.\\nWe have very briefly outlined the beliefs of the\\npeople of the East.\\nWhat, do Christians say of them? That they\\nare merely delusions, errors, falsities, foundation-\\nless inventions of man, and the believers in such\\nreligions are only heathen\\nIn this connection it maybe interesting to con-\\nsider what may be the impressions of the more\\nintelligent of these same people concerning us.\\nHere is an example in the comments of Aral\\nHakuseki, a very intelligent Japanese gentleman,\\nas given in the Boston Transcript (Aug. 4, 1899)\\ntranslated from the German of Dr. L. Lonholm,\\nprofessor in the university of Tokio.\\nThe teaching of the West (Europe) says that\\nheaven and earth and all things could not have", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 29\\ncome into existence of themselves, but that there\\nnecessarily must have been in existence a Being\\nwho created them. If, however, the idea that\\nnothing can come into existence of itself be cor-\\nrect, the question naturally arises. Who created\\nGod If, however, God came into existence of\\nHimself, why could not earth and heaven have\\ncome into existence of themselves?\\nIt sounds like childish talk when the fol-\\nlowers of the foreign teaching say that the break-\\ning of God*s command by Adam and Eve was\\nsuch a great sin that they themselves could not\\nexpiate it, but that three thousand years afterward\\nGod was obliged to appear upon earth in the\\nperson of Jesus Christ and expiate the sin Him-\\nself. Whoever gives a command, has also the\\npower to forgive the breaking of that command.\\nWhat then stood in the way of His pardoning its\\ninfraction, especially as the whole misdeed con-\\nsisted merely in the eating of an apple Was it\\nnecessary for God to become man in connection\\nwith so insignificant an affair?\\nThe teaching of the West also says that God\\nsent a great flood upon the earth and therein were\\nall mankind drowned, v/ith the exception of Noah\\nand his family. But if God is the creator of all\\nthings and their great Prince and Father, what\\nreason had He for destroying His own creation\\nWhy did He not make man in the beginning good\\nand obedient to his teaching? If He did not", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "30 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nhave the power to do this, how came it that He\\nhad the power to create the world And if man-\\nkind, on the other hand, was created so stupid as\\n,not to understand the teaching of God, was this\\nso great a sin on his part that God, the Creator\\nand Father of all things, should have destroyed\\nmankind\\nSidotti, having described to Aral the European\\ncustom of crossing one s self when meeting\\nanother person, and having explained that the\\npurpose of this custom was to protect the individ-\\nual against lightning, the devil, and other like\\nthings, Arai remarked It is very wonderful\\nthat God, the Christian God, should first have\\ncreated lightning, the devil, and similar bad\\nthings, and then have taught mankind how to\\nprotect themselves against these things. It would\\nhave been much simpler and surer not to have\\ncreated lightning and the devil at all. In regard\\nto the supernatural, the Christians appear to be\\nupon the same low level as the common people\\nherein Japan.*\\nPossibly one-tenth of the world s inhabitants is\\nmade up of the savages of Africa, North and\\nSouth America, and the Islands of the Sea.*\\nEven in the most benighted of these, there is\\nimplanted a belief in God and a future life, a belief\\nas strong as is found among the most intelligent.\\nI", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 3 1\\nIs not this almost universal belief as much a\\ncreation as is the physical body or the mind?\\nHEBRAISM.\\nThe Jews number about ten millions of souls\\nand are distributed throughout the whole inhab-\\nited globe. They reject the New Testament and\\nfound their beliefs upon the Old, though greatly\\nmodified from what was their faith in the ancient\\ndays, as shown, for example, in the fact that the\\nsacrifices commanded in the Mosaic Law are no\\nlonger practised.\\nA full account of the Jews would be one of the\\nmost interesting of histories, for they have been,\\nin very important respects, the leaders of the\\nworld.\\nTo-day they are distinguished for their chari-\\nties, their devotion to their homes and families,\\nand their attachment to their friends. They are\\nexcellent, law-abiding citizens. Not often do\\nyou see a Jew drunkard or beggar or burglar or\\nmurderer.\\nThey are especially talented in driving a bar-\\ngain, and this accounts for much of the unreason-\\nable prejudice that exists against them. At the\\nsame time those who condemn them most for this\\nare the very ones that would imitate them in dick-\\nering, if they could\\nAnother cause of the prejudice that exists", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "32 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nagainst the Jew is illustrated in the anecdote of\\nthe Irishman who had whipped a Jew.\\nWhy did you do it he was asked.\\n**That man is a Jew, replied Pat.\\n*^Well, what of it?\\nThe Jews killed Christ, was the reply.\\nYes, but that was more than eighteen hun-\\ndred years ago.**\\nNever mind,** said Pat, I only heard it to-\\nday.**\\nAre we really much in advance of Pat\\nBut perhaps I am leaving my subject.\\nThe Jew has given to the world the Bible\\nWho can say what the world would have been\\nwithout it? Bible nations are unquestionably\\nleaders in all that is progressive. Where it is\\nmost read and studied, there is the greatest con-\\ndition of intelligence and wherever it is not read\\nand studied ignorance prevails. In countries\\nwhere it is unknown you will find barbarism, or\\nat best a half-civilization. The best laws, the best\\nliberty, the best intelligence is found in Bible-\\nreading countries.\\nLet me quote a few lines from Rabbi Edward\\nN. Kalisch The Bible above all things is for\\nhuman guidance, human help and assistance. Its\\nlessons are the lessons of human life, and its\\nheroes, therefore, are human. The presence of\\nthe faults and the follies of its great men is doubly\\ncreditable to the writers of the Scriptures. It shows", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 33\\nthe absolute fidelity and accuracy with which they\\nchronicled events. Naught was set down in\\nmalice, naught glossed over, naught extenuated.\\nWhen a sin was committed, it was not hidden or\\ncondoned. Often its punishment was given by\\nits side. Noah is rebuked by the conduct of his\\nsons. Jacob feels the humiliation of his acts,\\nwhen, twenty years later, he meets Esau again.\\nMiriam was struck with leprosy the great law-\\ngiver and leader was not permitted to cross the\\nJordan. The intrepid Nathan stood before the\\nmonarch who had sinned, and flung the reproach\\ninto his face.\\nBy these very things does the Bible press\\nhome to us the lesson of our human and our God-\\nlike being. These men were heroes and leaders.\\nThey sinned, yes and by the very reason that\\nthey rose superior to their sins are they strong.\\nThe true strength lies not in never having fallen,\\nbut in rising after one has given way. Though\\na righteous man falls seven times, yet will he rise\\nagain. Had the heroes of the Bible been flawless,\\nstainless, immaculate, perfect, they would not ap-\\npeal to us as they do. That they were weak, we\\nknow them to be our brothers, fighting the same\\nbattles of lust, passion, temptation and allure-\\nment that they conquered their weaknesses and\\nrose to the sublime heights of moral truth, aye,\\nto the very summit and acme of spiritual life and\\nconception, teaches us that we too have these God", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "34 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nlike possibilities within us we too can and will\\nclimb the Moriah of obedience, the Sinai of a\\nsteadfast loyalty, the Nebo of sublime resignation,\\nand by our moral strength defeat and destroy the\\nweaknesses of our moral garments.\\nFor this reason, too, let us be wary in stern\\njudgment. The human being is compassed by\\ntoo many limitations to be perfect. Perfection is\\nonly of God. Indefectibility can only be of that\\nomniscient One whose power permeates the\\nworlds, whose mercy is as fathomless as His wis-\\ndom. Striving to be, if to an infinitesimal degree,\\nlike Him, in purity of thought and deed, let us,\\nlike Him, also remember the weakness of men,\\nand be generous in thought, kindly in speech, slow\\nin condemnation, but swift to approve where ap-\\nproval may be had. As the best tempered metal\\nis flexible, so the true story of human endeavor\\nis not that of rigid and inflexible indefectibility,\\nbut in the recuperative power of the soul that\\nsaves and raises us, though we have fallen seven\\ntimes. There can be no greater weakness than\\nthat which denies all weakness. It is folly for us\\nto consider ourselves flawless. We know our\\nweaknesses. We cannot hide them by, ostrich-\\nlike, hiding our heads in the sand heaps of self-in-\\nterested flattery. There is no man who may not\\nsin,* and no people for a people is but a number\\nof men. We know our faults and sins as a peo-\\nple, our cruel coldness to our faith, our heartless", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 35\\nindifference to its needs, our deafness to its calls,\\nour shamefacedness in acknowledgment of it, our\\navoidance of its duties and obligations our self-\\nish, cruelly selfish, disregard of all that crosses our\\nconvenience or our pleasures.\\nThere is greater crime in knowing and con-\\ntinuing these faults than in the faults themselves.\\nYou have fallen. Raise yourselves up. The\\nheroes of the Bible have shown the pathway. Be\\nye heroes, not in never having fallen, but, fallen,\\nin raising yourselves up for the righteous man is\\nnot he who has never fallen, but he who has risen\\nup, though fallen seven times.\\nThe charitable works of the Jews are among\\nthe grandest in the world. There is no limit to\\nwhat more might be said of the Jews, but this\\nlittle book has not the required space. Are they\\njustly to be blamed to-day, because their ances-\\ntors eighteen hundred years ago, put to death one\\nwhom they regarded as a heretic Not more so\\nthan Christians of to-day should be blamed be-\\ncause in the dark ages Christian Theology, for the\\nsame cause, burned thousands at the stake. Crimes\\nlike these are things of the unenlightened past,\\nthank God To-day, educated and intelligent\\nJews are, in every essential, the equals of educated\\nand intelligent Christians\\nCHRISTIANITY\\nIn a work so brief as this, it is impossible to", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "36 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ngive a history of Christianity that would do the\\nsubject justice, or be of any substantial value to\\nany of our readers. There are numerous works\\non this great subject that may easily be obtained\\nby all who wish to inform themselves. We shall\\nsay but a few words.\\nThe Acts tell us that the disciples of Jesus were\\nfirst called Christians in the City of Antioch,\\nwhere Paul and Barnabas passed a whole year\\nteaching the people. But little is known of Chris-\\ntian organization or work during the early centu-\\nries of the Christian era. It is believed that, at\\nfirst, only the simplest and plainest precepts of\\nJesus were accepted or taught. Later came doc-\\ntrines, theories, and dogmas, such as the dogma\\nof the Trinity, the doctrines of the fall of man,\\nthe Atonement, the Incarnation, the w^orship of\\nthe Virgin Mary and of the Saints, and the infal-\\nlibity of the Pope. Still later sprang up innumer-\\nable doctrines, such as purgatory, adoption, sanc-\\ntification, justification, saving faith, effectual call-\\nling, election, etc., etc. All of which are the in-\\nventions of men and rest upon foundations that\\nare chiefly guess-work.\\nCouncils and conferences assembled, com^posed\\nof the Fathers,** which comprised the bishops\\nand priests of the dark ages. Each brought in\\nhis especial scheme. Many were adopted and\\nmore were rejected, for which last the Christian\\nworld cannot be too thankful.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 37\\nThe doctrine of the Trinity was first proclaimed\\nby the Councils of Nice (A. D. 325) and at Con-\\nstantinople (a. D. 381), which declared that the\\nSon and Spirit are co-equal with the Father, the\\nSon begotten by the Father and the Spirit pro-\\nceeding from the Father.\\nAt Toledo, however (a. D. 589), it was declared\\nthat the Holy Ghost proceeded also from the\\nSon.\\nThe word Trinity, or its equivalent, is not found\\nin the Bible, and texts that are relied upon in\\nsupport of the dogma are susceptible of various\\nmeanings.\\nUntil the fourth century the books which com-\\npose the Bible, were known as Scripture or\\nScriptures (writings).\\nChrysostom first gave these writings the name,\\nBible. Historically speaking, the origin of the\\nbooks comprising the Old Testament are as\\nobscure as the Vedas of the Hindoos or the\\nKings, or sacred books, of the Chinese.\\nMoses is, of course, the chief character of the\\nOld Testament. He is said to have been the\\nauthor of the first five books though this is\\nplainly impossible, as they contain the account of\\nhis death, and naturally he could not himself have\\nwritten this. The other books of the Old Testa-\\nment are ascribed with more or less correctness to\\nvarious authors. Inspiration is claimed for all of\\nthese authors. But no man can explain how an", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "38 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nAll Wise and All Loving Father could have\\ninspired Moses to write the 31st Chapter of Num-\\nbers or David to write the 109th Psalm\\nRead these chapters^ and then endeavor to har-\\nmonize them with the spirit of true Religion. Any\\nhonest or fair man must pronounce the task\\nutterly and entirely impossible\\nNumbers, Chapter XXXI.\\nAnd the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,\\nAvenge the children of Israel of the Midianites,\\nafterward shalt thou be gathered unto thy people.\\nAnd Moses spake unto the people, saying,\\nArm some of yourselves unto the war, and let\\nthem go against the Midianites, and avenge the\\nLord of Midian.\\nOf every tribe a thousand, throughout all the\\ntribes of Israel, shall ye send to the war.\\nSo there were delivered out of the thousands\\nof Israel, a thousand of every tribe, twelve thou-\\nsand armed for war.\\nAnd Moses sent them to the war, a thousand\\nof every tribe, them and Phinehas the son of\\nEleazar, the priest, to the war, with the holy in-\\nstruments, and the trumpets to blow in his hand.\\nAnd they warred against the Midianites, as the\\nLord commanded Moses and they slew all the\\nmales.\\nAnd they slew the kings of Midian, beside\\nthe rest of them that were slain namely, Evi, and\\nRekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, five kings\\nof Midian Balaam also the son of Beor they slew\\nwith the sword.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 39\\nAnd the children of Israel took all the women\\nof Midian captives, and their little ones, and took\\nthe spoil of all their cattle, and all their flocks, and\\nall their goods.\\nAnd they burnt all their cities wherein they\\ndwelt, and all their goodly castles with fire.\\nAnd they took all the spoil, and all the prey,\\nboth of men and of beasts.\\nAnd they brought the captives, and the prey,\\nand the spoil unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest,\\nand unto the congregation of the children of Israel,\\nunto the camp at the plains of Moab, which are\\nby Jordan near Jericho.\\nAnd Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and all the\\nprinces of the congregation, went forth to meet\\nthem without the camp.\\nAnd Moses was wroth with the officers of the\\nhost, with the captains over thousands, and cap-\\ntains over hundreds, which came from the battle.\\nAnd Moses said unto them. Have ye saved all\\nthe women alive\\nBehold, these caused the children of Israel,\\nthrough the counsel of Balaam, to commit tres-\\npass against the Lord in the matter of Peor, and\\nthere was a plague among the congregation of\\nthe Lord.\\nNow therefore kill every male among the lit-\\ntle ones, and kill every woman that hath known\\nman by lying with hirn.\\nBut all the women children, that have not\\nknown a man by lying with him, keep alive for\\nyourselves.\\nJust at this time the Boers, overcome in war, are at the mercy\\nof the English.\\nSuppose that the British commander (claiming to act under\\ndivine inspiration), treated those poor people as Moses treated", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "40 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nAnd the booty, being the rest of the prey\\nwhich the men of war had caught, was six hundred\\nthousand and seventy thousand and five thousand\\nsheep.\\nAnd threescore and twelve thousand beeves.\\nAnd threescore and one thousand asses.\\nAnd thirty and two thousand persons, in all,\\nof women that had not known man by lying with\\nhim.\\nPsalms CIX.\\nHold not thy peace, O God of my praise\\nFor the mouth of the wicked and the mouth\\nof the deceitful are opened against me they have\\nspoken against me with a lying tongue.\\nThey compassed me about also with words of\\nhatred and fought against me without a cause.\\nFor my love they are my adversaries but I\\ngive myself unto prayer.\\nAnd they have rewarded me evil for good, and\\nhatred for my love.\\nSet thou a wicked man over him and let\\nSatan stand at his right hand.\\nWhen he shall be judged, let him be con-\\ndemned and let his prayer become sin.\\nLet his days be few and let another take his\\noffice.\\nLet his children be fatherless, and his wife a\\nwidow.\\nLet his children be continually vagabonds,\\nand beg let them seek their bread also out of\\ntheir desolate places.\\nthe Midianites what would Christendom and Humanity say\\nto it?\\nYet it is said that Moses acted by the direct command of God I\\nWhat a libel on the Eternal Goodness.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 41\\nLet the extortioner catch all that he hath\\nand let the strangers spoil his labor.\\nLet there be none to extend mercy unto him\\nneither let there be any to favor his fatherless\\nchildren.\\nLet his posterity be cut off and in the gen-\\neration following let their name be blotted\\nout.\\nLet the iniquity of his fathers be remembered\\nwith the Lord and let not the sin of his mother\\nbe blotted out.\\nLet them be before the Lord continually,\\nthat he may cut off the memory of them from the\\nearth.\\nBecause that he remembered not to show\\nmercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man,\\nthat he might even slay the broken in heart.\\nAs he loved cursing, so let it come unto him\\nas he delighted not in blessing, so let it be far\\nfrom him.\\nAs he clothed himself with cursing like as\\nwith his garment, so let it come into his bowels\\nlike water, and like oil into his bones.\\nLet it be unto him as the garment which cov-\\nereth him, and for a girdle wherewith he is girded\\ncontinually.\\nLet this be the reward of mine adversaries\\nfrom the Lord, and of them that speak evil\\nagainst my soul.\\nBut do thou for me, O God the Lord, for thy\\nname s sake because thy mercy is good, deliver\\nthou me.\\nFor I am poor and needy, and my heart is\\nwounded within me.\\nI am gone like the shadow when it declineth\\nI am tossed up and down as the locust.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "42 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nMy knees are weak through fasting and my\\nflesh faileth of fatness.\\nI became also a reproach unto them when\\nthey looked upon me they shaked their heads.\\nHelp me, O Lord my God O save me accord-\\ning to thy mercy\\nThat they may know that this is thy hand\\nthat thou, Lord, hast done it.\\nLet them curse, but bless thou when they\\narise, let them be ashamed but let thy servant\\nrejoice.\\nLet mine adversaries be clothed. with shame,\\nand let them cover themselves with their own\\nconfusion, as with a mantle.\\nI will greatly praise the Lord with my mouth\\nyea, I will praise him among the multitude.\\nFor he shall stand at the right hand of the\\npoor, to save him from those thrt condemn his\\nsoul/\\nThere is no consistency between the barbarity\\nand the savage hatred set forth in these chapters,\\nand the true theory of an All Wise, All Seeing, All\\nMerciful, and All Powerful God One need not\\nbe a theologian to exclaim, NEVER\\nFar be it from me to acclaim against the higher\\nteachings of that grand old book, the Bible. But\\nwe cannot, nor need not, shut our eyes to the fact,\\nthat, strangely mingled with these higher teachings,\\nthere is much that is the work of unlettered\\nsavagery. The two chapters to which I have\\ncalled attention are but samples of many more\\nthat might be referred to.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, 43\\nDavid is said to be the author of one of them.\\nIf so, it hardly marks him as divinely inspired\\nabove other historical characters. It proves him\\nto have been like other men, a mixture of good\\nand evil. Though there was much of good in\\nDavid, there was also much of evil, for the Bible\\ntells us he was an adulterer and a murderer I\\ndo not write this from choice, but because we are\\ndealing in facts.\\nIt cannot injure you to see the truth. Men of\\nDavid s time were not inspired above men who\\nhave lived and are living in the nineteenth century.\\nLet the literal believer in the absolute infalli-\\nbility and inerrancy of the Bible, re-read these\\nchapters before he again proclaims his perfect\\nfaith in the inspired truth, justice, wisdom, and\\nbeauty of everything contained in the Book\\nClearly they teach vindictiveness, revenge, and\\nbarbaric cruelty Is it justice or even fairness\\ntoward our Heavenly Father, to believe that He\\never authorized such infamous teachings? No!\\nNo! No!\\nThe Bible has been translated and re-translated\\nmany times. Necessarily from this cause passages\\nhave many times been differently rendered and,\\nin some instances, meanings changed. The version\\nnow most generally used in England and the\\nUnited States is known as the King James version.\\nIt was the work of forty-seven English divines\\nbetween the years 1606 and 1611.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "44 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nThis was revised about twenty years ago, by\\nthe labor of over one hundred of the most\\neminent scholars, about two-thirds of whom were\\nEnglish and the remaining third American.\\nThese learned men found in the King James\\nversion thousands of errors, most of them involving\\nlittle change in meaning, but, on the other hand,\\nsome of great importance. In one instance a\\nwhole verse was interpolated. It is this: ist\\nJohn, 5th Chapter, 7th verse. For there are three\\nthat bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word,\\nand the Holy Ghost and these three are one.*\\nModern scholars find no authority for this verse.\\nIt is clearly an insertion the work of translators,\\nwho took this method of placing a support under\\nthe top-heavy doctrine of the Trinity.\\nWhile we are writing of this subject, let us say\\nthere are three distinct objections to the doctrine\\nof the Trinity.\\n1st. It is unreasonable,\\n2nd. It is unscriptural\\n3rd. It is impossible\\nThe claim that there are three persons in the\\nGodhead is the invention of men whose aim was\\nonly to make religion complex, intricate, and\\nmysterious. Jesus never said anything about\\nthree persons in the Godhead. If it were true.\\nHe was one of the persons and must have known\\nit. He was silent as to the composition of the\\nGodhead. Every text that might be said to", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 45\\nsupport such a teaching is ambiguous, while there\\nare numerous texts to prove that He believed in\\none Heavenly Father, one only God\\nAs my Father hath taught me, I speak these\\nthings/\\nMy Father is greater than I/\\nThe words that I speak unto you, I speak not\\nof myself but the Father that dwelleth in me,\\nHe doeth the works/\\nAnd He taught us to pray to our Father/\\nThe doctrine of the Trinity invites the ridicule\\nof many earnest, thinking men. Here is a speci-\\nmen of this from the pen of a man alike distin-\\nguished for intelligence, honesty, and wit. Ac-\\ncording to the faith, each of these three persons\\nis God. Christ is his own Father and his own son.\\nThe Holy Ghost is neither father nor son, but\\nboth. The son was begotten by the father, but\\nexisted before he was begotten, just the same\\nbefore as after. Christ is just as old as his father\\nand the father is just as young as the son. The\\nHoly Ghost proceeded from the Father and the\\nSon, but was equal to the Father and Son before\\nhe proceeded, that is to say before he existed, but\\nhe is of the same age of the other two, and is\\ntheir equal in power and glory. So it is declared\\nthat the Father is God, and the Son is God, and\\nthe Holy Ghost is God, and that these three Gods\\nmake one God.\\nAccording to the celestial multiplication table,", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "46 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nonce one is three, and three times one is one,\\nand according to theological subtraction, if we\\ntake two from three, three are left. The addi-\\ntion is equally peculiar, if we add two to one, we\\nhave but one. Each one is equal to himself and\\nthe other two. Nothing ever was, nothing ever\\ncan be, more perfectly idiotic or absurd than the\\ndogma of the Trinity.\\nHow is it possible to prove the existence of\\nthe Trinity\\nIs it possible for a human being who has been\\nborn but once, to comprehend, or to imagine the\\nexistence of three beings, each of whom is equal\\nto the three\\nThink of one of these beings as the father of\\none, and think of that one as half human and all\\nGod, and think of the third as having proceeded\\nfrom the other two and then think of all three as\\none, think that after the father begot the son the\\nfather was still alone, and after the Holy Ghost\\nproceeded from the father and the son, the father\\nwas still alone, because there never was and never\\nwill be but one God.\\nAt this point absurdity has reached its limit.*\\n(See Athanasian Creed in chapter on Episco-\\npalianism.)\\nTrinity is inevitably a target for just such de-\\nrision and the great trouble is, people are apt to\\ninfer that this is ridiculing religion, when in fact\\nit only applies to an absurd dogma.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 47\\nIf the doctrine of the Trinity belonged to the\\nChinese or the Hindoos, we should consider this\\nquotation as droll and amusing, but, at the same\\ntime, logical and correct. But, as it is the prop-\\nerty of Christian theology, it will be character-\\nized as sacrilege, or blasphemy, or infidelity, or\\nall three together, according to the bias of the\\nreader.\\nTheology, however, does not appraise Trinity\\nquite as highly as an asset, as it did twenty-five\\nyears ago. It is steadily decreasing in value and\\nbefore many more years have passed, it will be\\nplaced in the divinity museum, along with ghosts\\nand goblins, witchcraft and mythology.\\nA word as to inspiration, which is claimed by\\neach of the four great religions of the world, and\\nas belonging exclusively to their own system of\\nfaith. Proof is as abundant and as deficient, as\\napplied to either. The teachings of Brahma, Con-\\nfucius, and Buddha are superior to the teachings of\\nMoses. All who study them without prejudice,\\nmust admit this.\\nPerhaps the truth is all mankind is inspired\\nthe difference being only in degree. There is as\\nmuch reason to believe that Luther and Milton\\nand Shakespeare and Macaulay were inspired, as\\nto believe that inspiration belonged to Moses or\\nEzekiel or David. God is no respecter of\\npersons.\\nWhy should we not read the Bible as we read", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "48 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nany other book, as history, or as poetry, or as a\\nwork on any branch of science\\nHas not our Creator given us reason and the\\ncapacity to judge for ourselves? Are we not to\\nmake use of these God-given powers Where is\\nthe command that we should not use these facul-\\nties as well in spiritual as in secular things? Is it\\nnot even more important? The command is,\\nSearch the Scriptures. What is the use of\\nsearching^ if we are not to come to conclusions\\nthrough our examinations Where is the pro-\\npriety in our being compelled to accept doc-\\ntrines that were formulated by the ignorance\\nand superstition of the Fathers Why should\\nthe car of human progress be stopped or stayed\\nin spiritual things more than in matters of discov-\\nery or science\\nThese are all questions for our readers to con-\\nsider fairly and seriously. They should never be\\nignored or set aside.\\nRead, study, and reflect on the Bible. Draw\\nfrom it that which is good. In your examinations,\\nyou will certainly find many contradictions, much\\nthat is pernicious and false. Crimes and savage\\ncruelties are commanded and indorsed by God\\nhimself, and barbarous sins and atrocities are ac-\\ncounted as righteousness.\\nIt will not hurt you, nor need it disturb your\\nfaith if you read aright, it will confirm and", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 49\\nstrengthen it. TRUTH injures no one. It looks\\nserenely down upon doctrines and dogmas.\\nA grand Bible is being written to-day. It is\\nall about us. It is in the invisible air we breathe.\\nIt shines from the sun and stars. It looks down\\nupon us from the mountain top. It is developed\\nin the budding leaf and in the opening flower.\\nNot a blade of grass, but that has its lesson for\\nus to read. All nature is ever telling us of the\\nwisdom, power, and grandeur of the great\\nCreator in whom we live and move and have\\nour being.\\nThe Bible of Nature is, always has been, and\\nalways will be open to all. It admits of no error,\\nmisinterpretation, or misunderstanding. In it,\\nwe read of and see God s power, without having\\nto depend on what was said or written by men\\nhundreds or thousands of years ago.\\nWe may indeed take our lessons from the\\nnatural. If we depend upon the supernatural, we\\nshall be, as man always has been, disappointed.\\nThere is absolutely no substantial evidence that\\nanything supernatural ever happened. Theology\\nasserts it, but never has and never will be able to\\nprove or demonstrate it.\\nWas there ever such a thing as a miracle, as\\ncommonly taught and believed\\nWere miracles necessary in the ancient times\\nAre they not equally necessary at the beginning\\nof the twentieth century.\\n4", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "50 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nAre many people still looking for them\\nDoes science or intelligence expect them\\nIt seems unfortunate that among Christians,\\nthere should be so much divergence of belief. If\\nCatholicism is true and right, then, in some re-\\nspects, Protestantism must be false and wrong\\nand vice versa.\\nIn like manner, among Protestants if one de-\\nnomination or sect is correct, it follows necessarily\\nthat the others are in error. Think of an Episco-\\npalian missionary and a Presbyterian missionary,\\neach calling to a poor heathen Come in here\\nThis is the place We will teach you the truth\\nThe confused heathen stares first at one and then\\nat the other decides perhaps that both are luna-\\ntics, and goes about his business.\\nComplex and inharmonious dogmas, doctrines\\nand small theories, are only stumbling-blocks to\\nthe heathen, and obstacles to the spread of Chris-\\ntianity. The pure, simple, unembellished teachings\\nof Jesus-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 goodness, kindness, and love would be\\nfar betfer.\\nROMAN CATHOLICISM.\\nIn many respects the history of the Catholic\\nChurch down to the time of the Reformation is\\nthe history of Christianity.\\nIt is not within the sphere of this small book to\\ntake up such a history. Libraries are filled with", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. $1\\nvolumes on this subject. It will only be noticed\\nthat for the first three centuries Christian teaching\\nwas simple and wonderfully progressive. Then\\ncame extended organization, and this involved\\nthe invention of all manner of dogma and doctrine,\\ngood, indifferent, and bad but mostly bad.\\nPriests, Bishops, and Popes became in too many\\ninstances debased and corrupt. Especially was\\nthis true of many of the Popes, who often de-\\nthroned, imprisoned, tortured, starved, and mur-\\ndered each other, and all in the professed name of\\nChristianity\\nUnder some of the Popes, the papal palace was\\nlittle better than a brothel. And yet it was, and\\nis claimed and believed, that the Popes were, and\\nare, the successors of St. Peter and the vicars of\\nChrist\\nUndoubtedly there were among them many\\ngood men but not one reformer, nor one pro-\\ngressive man Their tendency seemed to be from\\nbad to worse until the year 1520, when Martin\\nLuther, unable longer to bear their iniquities\\n(principally the sale of indulgences, that gave the\\nbuyer immunity from crime), began that glorious\\nmovement, the Reformation.\\nFor accounts and descriptions of the character\\nof the Popes during the dark ages, see Gibbon s\\nRome, or Draper s History of the Intellectual\\nDevelopment of Europe.\\nLest some may think our estimate of the Popes", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "52 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nwho ruled the Church during the dark ages, is un-\\njust or unfair we will quote a few sentences from\\nthe last mentioned authority.\\nFrom 896 to 900, five Popes were consecrated.\\nLeo v., who succeeded in 904, in less than two\\nmonths after he became Pope, was cast into prison\\nby Christopher, one of his chaplains. This Chris-\\ntopher usurped his place and in a little while was\\nexpelled from Rome by Sergius III., who became\\nPope in 905. This Pope lived in criminal inter-\\ncourse with the celebrated Theodora, who with\\nher daughters, Marozia and Theodora, both pros-\\ntitutes, exercised an extraordinary control over\\nhim. The love of Theodora was also shared by\\nJohn X. She gave him first the Archbishopric\\nof Ravenna, and made him Pope in 915. The\\ndaughter of Theodora overthrew this Pope. She\\nsurprised him in the Lateran Palace. His brother\\nPeter was killed and the Pope was thrown into\\nprison, where he was afterward murdered. After-\\nward, this Marozia, daughter of Theodora, made\\nher own son. Pope John XI. Many affirmed that\\nPope Sergius was his father, diif his mother m-\\ndined to attribute him to lier husband, Alberie,\\nwhose brother Guido, she afterward married.\\nAnother of her sons, Alberic, jealous of his\\nbrother John, the Pope, cast him and their\\nmother into prison. Alberic^s son was then\\nelected Pope as John XII.\\nJohn was nineteen years old when he became", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 53\\nthe Vicar of Christ.* His reign was character-\\nized by the most shocking immoralities, so that\\nthe Emperor, Otho L, was compelled by the Ger-\\nman clergy to interfere. He was tried. It ap-\\npeared that John had received bribes for the con-\\nsecration of bishops that he had ordained one\\nwho was only ten years old that he was charged\\nwith incest, and with so many adulteries that the\\nLateran Palace had become a brothel. He put\\nout the eyes of one ecclesiastic he maimed an-\\nother both dying in consequence of their injuries.\\nHe was deposed at last and Leo VIH. elected in\\nhis stead. Subsequently he got the upper hand.\\nHe seized his antagonists he cut off the hand of\\none, the nose, the finger, and the tongue of others.\\nHis life was eventually brought to an end, by the\\nvengeance of a man whose wife he had seduced.\\nJohn Xni. (the next Pope) was strangled in\\nprison. Boniface VH. imprisoned Benedict VH.\\nand starved him to death. John XIV. was se-\\ncretly put to death in the dungeons of the castle\\nof St. Angelo. The corpse of Boniface was\\ndragged through the streets by the populace.\\nPope John XVI. was seized his eyes put out,\\nhis nose cut off, his tongue torn from his mouth,\\nand he was sent through the streets mounted on\\nan ass, with his face to the tail. Benedict IX., a\\nboy of less than twelve years of age, was raised to\\nthe apostolic throne. One of his successors, Vic-\\ntor III., declared that \\\\he life of Benedict was so", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "54 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nshameful, so foul, so execrable, that he shuddered\\nto describe it. He ruled like a captain of ban-\\nditti. The people, unable to bear longer his adul-\\nteries his homicides, and his abominations, rose\\nagainst him, and in despair of maintaining his\\nposition, he put the papacy up at auction and it\\nwas bought by a Presbyter named John, who be-\\ncame Gregory VI. in the year of grace 1045/\\nGoing back a little in the same history, we find\\nthis Formosus, who had been excommunicated\\nas a conspirator for the murder of Pope John,\\nwas himself elected Pope in 891. Boniface was\\nhis successor. He had been deposed from the\\ndiaconate and from the priesthood for his immoral\\nand lewd life. Stephen VH. was the next Pope,\\nand he had the dead body of Formosus taken\\nfrom the grave, clothed in papal habiliments,\\npropped up in a chair and tried before a Council\\nThe corpse was found guilty, three fingers were\\ncut off, and the body cast into the Tiber. After-\\nward, Stephen VII. was himself thrown into prison\\nand strangled.*\\nCan the imagination conceive of anything more\\nungodly, more un-Christlike, more immoral, more\\nfiendish, or more utterly barbarous than the fore-\\ngoing? And yet the Catholic Church modestly\\nputs forth the claim that the Pontiffs are the\\ngreatest statesmen and rulers that the world has\\never seen\\nLet our readers draw their own conclusions, we", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 55\\nsimply give the facts. It would certainly be un-\\njust to condemn all the Popes, because some of\\nthem were vicious, and most certainly it would be\\nunfair to censure the Catholic Church, because it\\nhas been wronged by some of its leaders leaders\\nwhose savage acts no good Catholic of to-day\\nwould for an instant endorse. On the contrary,\\nno man or body of men would repudiate them\\nmore earnestly, nor condemn them with greater\\nseverity.\\nWhat we have said and quoted is simply to\\nshow those, who claim and believe that everything\\nin the Catholic Church is good and perfect, that\\nthey mistake. No church that has ever existed\\ncan substantiate such a claim.\\nTurning from the Popes, we may refer to the\\ncruelties that were perpetrated during the Cru-\\nsades the Mohammedans and Christians vieing\\nwith each other in all that was barbarous and\\nsavage.\\nIn the first of the Crusades, a great rabble was\\nassembled under ignorant leaders, like Peter the\\nHermit, and Walter the Penniless. It was called\\nan army, but was really a great mob of fanatics,\\nto whom the clergy had promised the divine pro-\\ntection. Hideous failure was the result, scores of\\nthousands perishing by sickness, starvation, and\\nthe sword of the Mohammedans. In the First\\nCrusade more than half a million of men died, but\\nit never even approached the city it expected to\\ncapture.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "56 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nSubsequently Jerusalem was taken by a some-\\nwhat better organized expedition. This was at-\\ntended with atrocities almost incredible, too hor-\\nrible to describe, in which nearly 70,000 persons,\\nmen, women, and children, were massacred, the\\nchurch authorities partaking in the triumph\\nThere were in all eight crusades, all of which\\nwere stimulated and encouraged by the Church.\\nMillions of lives were sacrificed, under conditions\\nand circumstances that were barbarous and savage\\nbeyond description. And yet these Crusades were\\ncalled holy wars/ The ignorant fanatics who\\nformed the armies were promised heavenly re-\\nwards, and the greatest criminals looked upon the\\nservice as an expiation for all their crimes.\\nThe Inquisition was established during the time\\nof Pope Gregory IX. (1227 to 1241.) He placed\\nit in charge of the Dominicans, an order espe-\\ncially founded for the punishment of the crime of\\nheresy. In 1229 the Council of Toulouse adopted\\na number of canons for the purpose of giving per-\\nmanence to the Inquisition. It was ordained that\\nin every parish, a priest and three laymen should\\nbe appointed to search out heretics. Any person\\nwho in any manner shielded a heretic, was to be\\npunished by forfeiture of land, personal property,\\nand official position. Houses in which heretics\\nwere found were to be destroyed. Those accused\\nor suspected of heresy were to be excluded from\\nmedical attendance. Men from the age of four-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 5/\\nteen and women from the age of twelve were to\\nmake oath (and renew it every two years), that\\nthey would inform on heretics. The laity were\\nstrictly prohibited from having the Holy Scrip-\\ntures.\\nIn 1252 Pope Innocent IV. sanctioned the use\\nof torture against heresy. Burning alive was the\\nusual form of capital punishment, though in some\\nmitigated cases the condemned were strangled\\nbefore burning.\\nThe Inquisition was used in Germany for a brief\\ntime only, and its power was destroyed by the\\nReformation. In Italy, it was somewhat more\\nsevere, until it was abolished by Napoleon in 1808.\\nPope Pius VII. restored it in 1814, and it existed\\nuntil 1870 and was only extinguished when Italy\\nwas ruled by a king instead of a pope.\\nIn Spain and the Netherlands, however, its\\nsavage barbarities were practised to the fullest\\nextent. In the first named country four days\\nafter the first edict, six condemned heretics were\\nburned. The nobility were threatened with de-\\nprivation of title and property if they failed to\\nobey the orders of the Inquisition The dead\\nwere accused and convicted, and their bodies were\\ndug up and burned. The tyrannical rulers worked\\nin harmony with the Inquisition, for both felt\\nthemselves in danger from the spread of intel-\\nligence.\\nThomas Torquemada was appointed to the holy", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "58 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\noffice of Inquisitor-General of Spain and under\\nhis administration it is said that 9,000 heretics\\nwere burned alive Many times this number\\nwere imprisoned, tortured, and punished in other\\nw^ays.\\nThe Inquisition continued in Spain until 1808,\\nwhen it was abolished by Napoleon. Slovente\\nestimated that there had been burned alive 31,912\\npersons, and that severe punishments of other\\nkinds had been inflicted upon 291,456 others, in-\\ncluding all of the most savage tortures that human\\ningenuity could invent. These estimates may be\\nsomewhat extreme. Roman Catholic authorities\\nclaim that not more than 4,000 were burned alive.\\nThe Church party claimed that the Inquisition\\nwas necessary for the preservation of religion\\nThey succeeded in again establishing it in 1826,\\nbut it was finally abolished in 1834.\\nIn the Netherlands, the cruelties practised were\\neven worse than in Spain. Motley says The\\nnumber of Netherlanders burned, strangled, be-\\nheaded, or buried alive, in obedience to the edict\\nof Charles V., has been placed as high as 100,000\\nby distinguished authorities, and has never been\\nput at a lower mark than 50,000.\\nIt is proper to say that in this terrible slaughter,\\npolitics went hand in hand with the Inquisition,\\nthe despotic Charles doing, in the name of the\\nChurch, what he dared not do from mere motives\\nof political hatred. Nor was he alone in this.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, 59\\nOther tyrants of those times, used the name of\\nreHgion as an instrument of revenge upon their\\nfoes.\\nI have spoken of the baseness of some of the\\nPopes of the middle ages, of the fanaticism and\\nunreasoning folly which inaugurated and carried\\non the Crusades, and of the indescribable cruelties\\nof the Inquisition but I have only done so be-\\ncause they are historic facts, and should be taken\\ninto consideration in our estimates of the value of\\nhistoric Christianity.\\nThere are those who are inclined to hold Cath-\\nolics of the present day responsible for their\\nchurch evils of past ages. This is unjust and\\nwrong, and Catholics naturally and very properly\\nresent it. We must remember that in the be-\\nnighted times, during which these dismal atrocities\\nwere enacted, the standards of morality and reli-\\ngion were entirely different from those of the\\npresent day.\\nIn England and Ireland, during the reign of\\nQueen Elizabeth, the Catholics were outrageously\\npersecuted by the Protestants. But Englishmen\\nof the present day cannot justly be held respon-\\nsible for the cruel acts of their ancestors genera-\\ntions ago.\\nJohn Calvin instigated the burning of Servetus\\nfor his opinions Presbyterians cannot be held\\nresponsible for this.\\nLikewise it should be remembered that in those", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "6o CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ndays, trivial offenses were often punished with\\ngreat severity. Until about a hundred years ago\\nmen were hung in England for stealing sheep\\nTwo or three centuries ago, thousands and\\nthousands of women in Germany were burned for\\nthe crime of witchcraft Men were also burned\\nfor this crime, and, in a few cases, children of\\nseven years and upward\\nIn Scotland similar barbarities occurred. To\\ncome nearer home, under the same accusations,\\nwomen were burned alive for witchcraft at Salem,\\nin the State of Massachusetts, in 1791 and 1792!\\nBut while Catholics of the present day are\\nblameless for the occurrences of the dark ages,\\nthey, together with Protestants, both orthodox\\nand liberal, may look back with wonder that such\\natrocities were sanctioned or even permitted by a\\nChurch that had its foundations in the teachings\\nof Jesus, and whose power practically controlled\\nall the nations of Europe\\nWhy did she permit this condition of barbarity\\nWhy had she not developed in virtue, in justice,\\nin morality, and in intelligence as she had in\\ninfluence and power\\nThe answer is clear and plain. She suffered\\nthen from the same cause that hampers and retards\\nher to-day, tJie spirit of improgressiveness The\\nChurch has in almost everything opposed prog-\\nress. She is and has been the opponent of dis-\\ncovery, of science, of liberty, and of intelligence", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 6l\\nShe has always turned a deaf ear to reason and\\nargument and, as far as possible, closed her eyes\\nto the developments that were going on around\\nher All that she has permitted of progress,\\nhas come to her from without nothing from\\nwithin.\\nSo with the people she most closely controls,\\nas for example, Italy and Spain The Church\\ndoes not help them toward intelligence and prog-\\nress what they gain in these things, comes from\\noutside sources.\\nNo one owes more to Luther and the Reforma-\\ntion, than the Catholic Church, It was a prod\\nfrom the outside, that woke her up and forced\\nupon her the realization that she must discontinue\\nsome, at least, of her vile practises.\\nWith her hide-bound conservatism, the Church\\nwould have been burning her opponents and\\nthe Pope would have been selling indulgences\\nto-day had it not been for the Reformation\\nMy Catholic friends, wake up to an appreciation\\nof the value of progressive thought Go forward\\nwith the intelligence of the world Let progress\\nand improvement come from your center, rather\\nthan have it forced upon you from the circumfer\\nence Investigate and discover the cause of the\\nnon-progressiveness of your people, and when you\\nhave detected it, remove it. Adopt advanced\\nthought as it shall prove its truth What is the\\nvalue of conservatism, of tradition, doctrine, dogma,", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "62 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nof historical Christianity, when compared with\\ntruth\\nIn a recent number of the North American\\nReview (Dec, 1899), is an article on the confes-\\nsional in the Catholic Church, written by a priest.\\nIt is a very careful and able presentation of the\\nsubject from the Churches point of view. Its\\nwhole tone of earnestness bears evidence of the\\nhonesty of its author, and I do not for one moment\\nquestion his perfect sincerity. But I differ en-\\ntirely from him in his deductions and conclusions.\\nThe average Catholic seems to believe that\\nwhen he or she has been to confession and received\\nfrom the priest what they are pleased to call ab-\\nsolution, his or her score is wiped off the slate\\nthey now begin with a new record. How easy it\\nwas after all Not half as bad as a call upon the\\ndentist and the extraction of an offending molar\\nA fortnight later, they call again and get a\\nsimilar relief.\\nAh by what authority can any man say to an-\\nother directly or indirectly thy sins are for-\\ngiven\\nThere is no such power in priest or bishops car-\\ndinal or pope\\nOur friend, the author of the article referred\\nto, says I have myself often heard, from the\\nlips of those who had told me some sad tale of\\nwilful and long continued sin, the joyful exclama-\\ntion, Now father, I begin to feel better. The", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 63\\ninexpressible relief was due, in great measure, to\\nthe mere outpouring of their sad story/\\nThey were also, it should be remembered,\\ngreatly encouraged toward again committing the\\nsame sin, and coming again, outpouring their\\nsad story/ That is the logical and natural result.\\nFar better than relief through confession teach\\nthem the immutable truth, that neither through\\nthe confession, the priest, nor the Church, can man\\never escape or evade the just consequences of his\\nwrong-doing The kingdom of God is within\\nyou, and through that kingdom alone, can your\\nforgiveness, your reconciliation come.\\nHere is another example of the working of the\\nconfessional, told to me by my niece, who was born\\nin Guatemala. A poor native there had stolen a\\nchicken. He confessed this, and the priest rep-\\nrimanded him for his sin and charged him that\\nhe must say the pater-noster five times as penance.\\nThis he did, and felt entirely relieved. Subse-\\nquently he stole two chickens, and then repeated\\nthe pater-noster ten times, feeling that he had the\\nauthority of the priest, for concluding, that if one\\nchicken equaled five pater-nosters, clearly two\\nchickens equaled ten\\nSuperstition is still a dark spot on the Catholic\\nChurch. It always has been and still is taught to\\nher people, a deception upon the ignorant.\\nDuring the dark ages, all unusual phenomena\\nin the heavens, such as eclipses, comets, and fall-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "64 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ning stars, were accounted for by superstition.\\nThose days have passed, and superstition feeds\\non something less lofty. Catholics are taught to\\nrevere a bone, or a tooth, from the body of a\\nmartyr, as possessing some divine power of heal-\\ning or of grace. The picture or statue of a\\nsaint is claimed to be endowed with the\\npower of working wonders or even miracles\\nOld sandals, holy hair^ even ancient rags are\\namulets or charms supposed to be possessed of\\ndivine virtue Incredible as it may seem, there\\nare to-day millions among the illiterate Catholics,\\nwho reverently believe in these superstitions\\nIt is time the clergy of the Church set about\\neradicating this condition of ignorance. All be-\\nlief in the supernatural should have been banished\\nages ago, outgrown by the calm, steady develop-\\nment of progressive knowledge.\\nBut above all things, it is time that Catholic\\nteachers infused into their people an appreciation\\nof their individuality, their personality. It is\\nnothing less than a crime to rob them of this by\\nteaching them to place their dependence upon the\\npriest or the Church, the saints or the Virgin.\\nSuch beliefs narrow their personality and make\\nthem mere machines. They are practically for-\\nbidden from obeying the Master s injunction,\\nSeek and ye shall find, knock and it shall be\\nopened unto you Was this command uttered\\nonly to the priests Not so. Jesus chose his dis-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 65\\nciples from among the unlettered, and his ministry\\nwas principally among the poor and the ignorant.\\nCatholics are, it is believed, invariably trinita-\\nrians. The (so-called) Apostles Creed, as given\\nbelow, embodies their main faith.\\nI believe in God, the Father Almighty, Crea-\\ntor of heaven and earth and in Jesus Christ, His\\nonly Son, our Lord, Who was conceived by the\\nHoly Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered\\nunder Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was\\nburied. He descended into hell; the third day\\nHe rose again from the dead He ascended into\\nheaven, sitteth at the right hand of God, the\\nFather Almighty from thence he shall come to\\njudge the living and the dead. I believe in the\\nHoly Ghost, the Holy Catholic Church, the com-\\nmunion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the res-\\nurrection of the body and the life everlasting.\\nAmen.\\nOlder than this is the Nicene Creed. It is of\\nunknown authorship, but was adopted by the first\\nCouncil of Nice, in the year 325, and amended to\\nabout its present form by the Council of Constan-\\ntinople in 381.\\nIn the Catholic Key of Heaven (or prayer\\nbook) as now in common use, it is rendered as\\nfollows\\nI believe in one God, the Father Almighty,\\nMaker of heaven and earth, and of all things vis-\\nible and invisible.\\n5", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "66 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nAnd in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only be-\\ngotten Son of God, born of the Father, before all\\nages. God of God. Light of light true God of\\ntrue God, begotten not made, consubstantial with\\nthe Father, by whom all things were made. Who\\nfor us men, and for our salvation, came down\\nfrom heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy\\nGhost, of the Virgin Mary and was made man.\\n[Here the people kneel dow?t.) He was crucified\\nalso for us, suffered under Pontius Pilate and was\\nburied. The third day He rose again according\\nto the Scriptures and ascended into heaven, and\\nsitteth at the right hand of the Father and He\\nshall come to judge both the living and the dead\\nof His kingdom there shall be no end. And I\\nbelieve in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and life-giver\\nwho proceedeth from the Father and the Son, who\\ntogether with the Father and the Son is adored\\nand glorified who spake by the prophets and\\none holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. I con-\\nfess one baptism for the remission of sins, and I\\nlook for the resurrection of the dead, and the life\\nof the world to come. Amen.**\\nFormerly this was taught and believed\\nWhosoever will be saved, before all things it\\nis necessary that he hold the Catholic faith.\\nWhich faith, except every one do keep entire\\nand inviolate, without doubt, he shall everlast-\\ningly perish.\\nFor this creed in full see page 82 in Chapter on Episcopal-\\nianism.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 6/\\nIt is not probable that all intelligent Catholics\\nof the present day will insist upon the foregoing.\\nNothing could be more narrow than to believe\\nthat those inhabitants of this globe who lived be-\\nfore the Catholic Church was formed, and the\\ncountless millions since who have never heard of\\nit, are everlastingly damned for their innocent\\nlack of information.\\nThe Catholic Church embraces fully two-thirds\\nof all who call themselves Christians. Notwith-\\nstanding her great opportunities for extending in-\\ntelligence and learning, it cannot be denied that\\nshe does practically but little in this direction.\\nHer great schools, colleges, and convents are more\\nfor inculcating her own religious doctrines than\\nfor the promoting and spreading of enlightenment\\nand intelligence.\\nThe people of the republics of South and Cen-\\ntral America and Mexico are undoubtedly the\\nmost ignorant of all nations known as Christians\\nschools, teachers, and books are few and far be-\\ntween. In all these countries the Catholic re-\\nligion prevails. The poor natives, who compose\\nmost of their population, have rarely any means\\nof obtaining even the smallest rudiments of an\\neducation.\\nSome years ago the writer, while traveling in\\nMexico, was obliged to remain for two or three\\ndays at a small village called Zanapa, while wait-\\ning for horses with which to continue his journey.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "68 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nGoing into the little church near the center of the\\nvillage, he saw a rude wooden image of the patron\\nsaint of the church. He was told with the utmost\\ngravity by the attendant in the church, that on\\nthe evening before, they had a procession (a very\\ncommon custom in such towns), and that they\\ntook out the figure of their saint. This was to\\nmake it rain. Asked if he would make it rain, the\\nman replied, Yes, unless the people were very\\nwicked. Then he would not do it. This man\\nand the simple people of the village believed with-\\nout question, that this clumsily made wooden\\nimage possessed the power to produce rain to\\norder This little single incident is only given as\\nan example of what any traveler in Spanish-\\nAmerican countries may meet in any of the small\\ntowns.\\nBenighted though these people are, they are\\nscarcely more so than the poor peasants of Italy,\\nSpain, or Portugal, countries where intelligence\\ninstead of dense ignorance ought to be the rule.\\nHere the poor people are mostly huddled into\\nsmall villages, every one of which has its church,\\nwith its outfit of priests and attendants. These\\nof course live from the labor of the peasants, and\\nin return, keep them in densest ignorance and\\nmake them believe that their only hope of salva-\\ntion is through church and priest Pitiable indeed\\nis their condition, and there is little or no prospect\\nof improvement.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 69\\nFor this the Catholic Church, through its con-\\ncurrence and its teaching, should be held chiefly\\nresponsible. Contrast the condition of these\\npeople with that of the people of England, Ger-\\nmany, or the United States\\nIf five-sixths of the churches of these countries\\ncould be transformed into schoolhouses, nine-\\ntenths of the priestcraft be turned into progressive\\nand capable teachers, and the value of the jewels,\\nthe gold, and the silver that so uselessly decorate\\nthe images in their cathedrals could be invested\\nin schoolbooks and libraries, in a few generations\\nItaly, Spain, and Portugal would rival the most\\nadvanced nations of Europe. Darkness would\\ngive way to light, midnight to noonday, ignorance\\nand poverty to intelligence and thrift Bandits\\nand bull fights would be as rare as they are in\\nGermany or England.^\\nOf course there is much of good in the Church\\nto these people. The confessional has a great\\nrestraining influence, and amidst the environment\\nof ignorance which prevails it is possibly a neces-\\nsity at present. It is not so with the people of\\nWhat are these said Napoleon, pointing to a dozen silver\\nimages in a Spanish cathedral.\\nStatues of the Twelve Apostles, Sire.\\nMelt them, and turn them into coin\\nBut they were given to the Holy Church by Count Blanki-\\nblanki. Sire\\nTurn them into coin, and let them go about doing good as\\ndid their Master Of what use are they here", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "^o\\nCREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\neducation, for to them the confessional would be\\nonly degrading.\\nThe Catholic Church is noted for its kindness to\\nthe poor, the sick, and the suffering. Many of\\nthe priests are tireless in their labor for these, and\\nnothing could be more self-sacrificing than the\\nwork of the nuns and sisters of charity. Thou-\\nsands of orphans and invalids are supported and\\ncared for in their asylums and hospitals.\\nEvery one knows that the claim of the Church,\\nthat the Protestant movement could not succeed\\nbecause it was unsupported by the power of\\nRome, has been abundantly disproved.\\nNot only did the Reformation succeed, but since\\nthen the nations that came under its influence\\nhave made far greater progress in science, art,\\nintelligence, and morality, than the nations which\\nadhered to the Church of Rome.\\nIf we think of the influence of the Catholic\\nreligion upon its people in the United States, we\\nfind that it affects individuals as it does nations.\\nGo to the prisons, the reformatories, the poor-\\nhouses, the police and other criminal courts, and\\nyou will find the percentage of crime among\\nCatholics (at least claiming to be such) is in far\\ngreater proportion than the average.\\nIt would seem from these conditions, plain and\\nclear, that the restraining influence of the Cath-\\nolic Church IS far less than what it should be.\\nIf this is not so, it would be instructive and", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 71\\ninteresting to hear the proof of a different con-\\nclusion.\\nI have many friends and acquaintances who are\\nmembers of the Catholic Church. One of my\\nneighbors is a priest. He is a man of earnestness\\nand sincerity, and justly commands the respect of\\nall who know him. I am proud to feel that for\\nmany years a friendship has existed between us,\\nthough he looks at me as a dreadful heretic, and I\\nlook at him as a product of heredity and environ-\\nment, born and raised a Catholic. If he had\\nbeen born and raised in Turkey, he would have\\nbeen an excellent Mohammedan, the good would\\nhave come to the surface wherever he came up.\\nTo my Catholic friends I wish to say I have no\\nprejudice whatever against the Church, no wish or\\nwillingness to do them a grain of injustice. The\\nopinions I have expressed in a plain way are\\ngiven from an earnest conviction that the ultra-\\nconservatism of the Church is an injustice both to\\nherself and her people. Changes will come, and\\nshe can no more prevent them, than she could\\nprevent the overthrow of the theory that hell was\\nbeneath the earth, and heaven above the skies.\\nTHE GREEK CHURCH.\\nThis body of Christians, which is correctly\\nknown as the Holy Oriental Orthodox Apos-\\ntolic Church, includes the Christians of Russia", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "72 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nand the East. It separated itself from the Catho-\\nlic Church in the year 1054. Prior to this, the\\nEastern Christians had many disputes with the\\nRoman Church. One subject of contention (and\\nperhaps the main one) was their refusal to accept\\nthe doctrine that the Holy Ghost proceeded from\\nthe Father and tlie Son, This doctrine was in-\\nvented and inserted into the Nicene Creed, at the\\nCouncil of Toledo in the year 589, which added\\nthe words, and the Son. The Eastern churches\\nrefused to accept the addition.\\nThey differ in some other points from the\\nRoman Church, perhaps mainly that they have\\nno vicar of Christ on earth, corresponding to the\\nPope of the Church of Rome.\\nThey are also divided into numerous sects,\\nwhich, like Protestant Christians of orthodox\\nfaith, differ on some points of belief.\\nLUTHERANISM.\\nSome four hundred years ago, there occurred\\nthree great and grand movements in the progress\\nof the world. These were\\n1st. The discovery of the art of printing.\\n2d. The discovery of the American Continent.\\n3d. The Reformation.\\nFor the last of these the world is indebted to\\nthat fearless advocate of truth and right, Martin\\nLuther.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 73\\nThis incomparable man, who was the leader of\\nthe Reformation, was the founder of the Lutheran\\nChurch, which is the established religion of Ger-\\nmany, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.\\nIn these different countries the beliefs of Lu-\\ntherans vary from the severest Calvinism, to the\\nconstantly growing liberality which is found in\\nGermany.\\nIt would be entirely out of place, in speaking\\nof Protestantism, to omit giving at least a brief\\nnotice of the great Reformer, Martin Luther, who,\\nin the grandeur of his character, had the courage\\nof his convictions to stand up against the abuses\\nof the vast power of the Romish Church.\\nLuther was born in the year 1483, at Eisleben,\\nin Saxony. His excellent parents gave him a\\ngood education, and he pursued his studies in his\\nnative town and subsequently at Magdeburg,\\nEisenach, and Erfurt. At the age of fifteen he\\ncomposed verse in Latin, and at twenty he took\\nthe degree of Master of Arts.\\nSoon after this, while walking one day with a\\nfriend, they were overtaken by a thunder-storm,\\nand his friend was struck by lightning at his side\\nand instantly killed. This made such an impres-\\nsion upon Luther, that he determined upon enter-\\ning a monastery, and notwithstanding the adverse\\nwishes and advice of his friends, he became an\\ninmate of the Augustinian Monastery at Erfurt\\nin 1505.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "74 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nAt the age of twenty-four he took orders and\\ncelebrated his first mass. He had found in the\\ndusty Hbrary of the monastery a copy of the Bible\\nin Latin. He diligently studied this neglected\\nbook, and in a short time was able with ease to\\nrefer to any of its important passages. Prior to\\nthis he had, like others, been satisfied with the\\nthen current teachings, and had never thought of\\nexamining doctrines in which he suspected no\\nerror, but now he became dissatisfied and melan-\\ncholy and settled down to the conclusion that he\\ncould no longer be in accord with his early beliefs.\\nAnd yet for a time he was in doubt and uncer-\\ntainty as to what should take their place. While\\nin this state he would dispute and argue with\\nthose with whom he came in contact, but still his\\ndoubts continued. He had begun to think^ and to\\nprefer study and reflection to the unprogressive,\\nmonotonous routine of the Romish ceremonies.\\nHe became a great reader and a vigorous writer,\\nbut was still a zealous Catholic.\\nIn 1508 he was appointed a professor in the\\nuniversity of Wittenberg. In addition to his\\nduties as teacher he occasionally heard confes-\\nsions.\\nWhile so engaged, he received the confessions\\nof some persons who had been guilty of serious\\ncrimes, but who had received remission for them\\nin the form of indulgences. This was denounced\\nby Luther in the most unmistakable language.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 75\\nThe persons in question, considering themselves\\naggrieved, complained to Tetzel, a German monk,\\nfrom whom they had obtained these indulgences\\nby purchase. Tetzel was at that time one of the\\nholy commission charged with the extirpation of\\nheresy in Germany, and in his anger he threatened\\nLuther with the tortures of the Inquisition.\\nLuther remained firm in his position. He still\\ndesired to avoid any rupture or breach with the\\nChurch, but he was anxious for a discussion which\\nwould clearly set forth the claims under conten-\\ntion. It must of course be borne in mind that\\nthis was before the days of newspapers. Luther\\ndetermined to state his position with as much\\npublicity as possible in his immediate neighbor-\\nhood. He therefore wrote out a series of propo-\\nsitions and affixed them to the church adjoining\\nthe castle of Wittenberg, with an invitation for a\\npublic discussion of the subjects under considera-\\ntion.\\nThis was followed by a long and tedious con-\\ntest between Luther and Tetzel in writing. The\\nformer became more and more earnest in his de-\\nnunciations against the practises he complained\\nof, and it steadily and surely became apparent\\nthat the hearts and sympathies of the people were\\nwith him yet a couple of years passed before he\\ncame to an open rupture with the Church.\\nIn 1 52 1 Luther published an essay in which he\\ndissented from several doctrines of the Church,", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "j( CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nThis essay and some of his other publications were\\nburned with much form and ceremony at the uni-\\nversities of Cologne and Louvain, and also in\\nRome itself.\\nIn retaliation, Luther publicly burned a number\\nof the Church books, among which were the\\nletters commonly called Decretals of the Pon-\\ntiffs* and the Bull, or proclamation of Pope\\nLeo X. A great multitude of people witnessed\\nthis burning of papal documents and clearly\\nevinced their approval of the proceeding. This\\nencouraged and sustained Luther, while the ad-\\nherents of the Church party were correspondingly\\ndisappointed, especially at the inefficiency of the\\nPope s bull against Luther.\\nChagrined and mortified by the futility of his\\nformer efforts, the Pope issued another proclama-\\ntion against Luther, this time denouncing him as\\na heretic and formally excommunicating him from\\nthe holy Church. As in the former instance, how-\\never, this bull made little or no impression either\\nupon Luther or his adherents. On the contrary,\\nits effect was only to demonstrate the waning in-\\nfluence of papal decrees, where they came in con-\\ntact with progressive and independent thought.\\nThe diet, or council, at Worms took place in\\n1 521. It was intended to be so entirely in the\\ninterest of the agents of the Pope, that Luther\\nwas warned and advised by his friends not to at-\\ntend on account of personal danger. But he was", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. TJ\\nfully determined and exclaimed If there were\\nas many devils in Worms as there are tiles on the\\nroofs of the houses, I would go on.\\nHe entered the diet on the 17th of April. Here\\nhe was asked if he was the author of certain heret-\\nical books that were pointed out, and he promptly\\nreplied that he was. He was next asked whether\\nhe was disposed to retract, or to persist in their\\ncontents To this Luther replied that he would\\ndeliver his answer next day.\\nThe most intense excitement prevailed in the\\ncity, even the roofs of the houses in the neighbor-\\nhood of the council are said to have been covered\\nwith the thoroughly aroused spectators, who were\\ndivided between the adherents and opponents of\\nthe great heretic. It is hard to conceive of any-\\nthing so thrilling and exciting.\\nThe next day Luther again entered the council,\\nand John Eckius (or as more commonly called\\nDoctor Eck), the orator and counsel for the arch-\\nbishop of Treves, again asked him whether he re-\\ntracted or persisted in his expressions Luther\\nanswered in a speech which lasted for about two\\nhours. He spoke in tones of clearness and con-\\nfidence, and this notwithstanding the great numbers\\ncrowded into the room, the angry looks and scowls,\\nand the interruptions of his adversaries.\\nHis concluding words were, Let me then be\\nrefuted and convinced by the Scriptures or by the\\nclearest arguments otherwise I cannot and will", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "78 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nnot recant for it is neither safe nor expedient to\\nact against conscience. Here I take my stand I\\ncan do no otherwise, so help me God Amen.\\nDr. Eck declared Luther had only answered\\nevasively and that he had no right to express\\ndoubts concerning things that had been settled in\\nthe councils. To this, Luther again replied claim-\\ning his perfect and entire right to think and to\\ndecide for himself, and also to express his thoughts\\nwhen clearly defined.\\nMany of the people, and among them persons\\nof intelligence and influence, favored Luther, while\\nothers took sides against him among these was\\nthe Emperor. As a result he was declared a\\nheretic and a schismatic. In consequence of this\\nand fearing that the Emperor would not keep his\\npledge of safe-conduct, the Grand Duke of Saxony\\ncaused Luther to be kidnapped on his return from\\nWorms and to be taken to the castle of the Wart-\\nburg, where he was kept a prisoner for his own\\nsafety for some time. This by no means sup-\\npressed his ardent nature. He wrote essays which\\nhe found means to publish. Later he carried on\\ncontroversies, among others one with Henry VHL,\\nKing of England,^ whose vanity led him to be-\\nlieve (unfortunately for himself) that he could suc-\\ncessfully contend with the Reformer. He, how-\\never, only succeeded in making himself ridiculous.\\nThis Henry was the man of many wives, and was the founder\\nof the Church of England.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 79\\nLuther now set himself about the great work of\\ntranslating the Bible into German. This involved\\nyears of labor and close application, but it was\\nfinally completed in 1530, and remains to this day\\nsubstantially as Luther rendered it.\\nAs time went on, books and letters seemed to\\nflow from his pen. He took severely to task\\nsome of the German princes, whom he described\\nas miserable infatuated men, set over the people\\nby God in his anger.\\nDeveloping and advancing in his convictions,\\nLuther discontinued wearing his monastic robe\\nand appeared in the plain dress of a teacher. In\\n1526 he married Catharine Von Bore, who had\\nformerly been a nun. Her sympathies were en-\\ntirely with her husband, to whom she was a con-\\nstant support during the remainder of his life.\\nAs a matter of course this marriage was de-\\nnounced by the adherents of the Church, who\\nmaintained that Luther was mad or possessed\\nwith an evil spirit. Their denunciations, however,\\nfell harmlessly on unappreciative ears, and the\\nrespect and love of the people for Luther con-\\ntinued to increase.\\nFrom this time until his death Luther continued\\nto write and speak in the interest of the Reforma-\\ntion. Though this great movement was really\\nbegun by Erasmus, Luther was its great and lead-\\ning spirit. It is said by his biographer, Secken-\\ndorff, that the total number of his publications of", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "8o CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\na controversial nature was upward of eleven hun-\\ndred.\\nHe was a poet and a musical composer of great\\nmerit. Among his poetical works, is the transla-\\ntion of the Psalms for the use of the people. He\\ndied in 1546 at the age of 63.\\nThe foregoing sketch is made as brief as possible.\\nA full account of his life and his great work is\\nmost interesting and useful. The world recognizes\\nhim as one of the greatest of her children.\\nEPISCOPALIANISM.\\nUntil the reign of Henry VHI., the Romish\\nChurch was in the ascendancy in England. That\\nmonarch had received from the Pope the title of\\nDefender of the Faith, for writing a book\\nagainst the Reformation which Luther had set in\\nmotion.\\nHenry was the man of many wives. Being un-\\nable to obtain the sanction of the Pope to his\\ndivorce from Queen Catharine, he had one act\\npassed through Parliament, setting aside the\\nauthority of the Pope, and another declaring him-\\nself to be the supreme head of the Church of\\nEngland. Of this king s six wives, two were di-\\nvorced, two were executed, one died, and one sur-\\nvived him. He was excommunicated by the Pope.\\nHume says of Henry A catalogue of his\\nvices would comprehend many of the worst quali-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 8 1\\nties incident to human nature, violence, cruelty,\\nrapacity, injustice, obstinacy, bigotry, caprice\\nbut neither was he subject to all these vices in the\\nmost extreme degree, nor was he, at intervals,\\naltogether destitute of virtue. He was capable\\nof at least a temporary friendship. But what-\\never else he was, this man more than any other\\nwas the founder of the English Church.\\nThe belief of Episcopalians is embodied in the\\ntwo creeds of the Catholic Church, the Nicene\\nand the Apostles Creeds, and in what is known\\nas the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion. In\\nEngland the Creed of St. Athanasius is also em-\\nployed.\\nThe Apostles Creed is principally used and\\nvaries slightly from the version of the Catholics.\\nIt is as follows\\nI believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker\\nof heaven and earth, and in Jesus Christ, His only\\nSon, our Lord, who was conceived of the Holy\\nGhost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under\\nPontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was buried.\\nHe descended into hell the third day He rose\\nagain from the dead. He ascended into Heaven\\nand sitteth at the right hand of God the Father\\nAlmighty from thence He shall come to judge\\nthe quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy\\nGhost, the holy Catholic Church, the communion\\nof saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection\\nof the body and the life everlasting. Amen.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "82 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nThe Nicene Creed is substantially the same as\\nthat of the Catholic Church, as given in the Chap-\\nter on that faith.\\nThe Creed of Saint Athanasius is used both by\\nthe Catholic Church and the English Church.\\nIt is difficult, or at least not quite easy, for intelli-\\ngence to comprehend by what course of logic the\\nauthor of it is, or was, given the title of Saint/*\\nHere it is\\nWhosoever will be saved, before all things it\\nIS necessary that he hold the Catholic Faith.\\nWhich Faith, except every one do keep whole and\\nundefiled without doubt he shall perish ever-\\nlastingly. And the Catholic Faith is this That\\nwe worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in\\nUnity. Neither confounding the Persons, nor\\ndividing the Substance. For there is one Person\\nof the Father, another of the Son, and another of\\nthe Holy Ghost. But the Godhead of the Father,\\nof the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, is all one the\\nGlory equal, and the Majesty co-eternal. Such\\nas the Father is, such is the Son and such is the\\nHoly Ghost. The Father uncreate, the Son un-\\ncreate, and the Holy Ghost uncreate. The Father\\nincomprehensible, the Son incomprehensible, and\\nthe Holy Ghost incomprehensible. The Fathei\\neternal, the Son eternal, and the Holy Ghost\\neternal. And yet they are not three eternals\\nbut one eternal. As also there are not three in-\\ncomprehensibles, nor three uncreated but one\\nuncreated and one incomprehensible. So likewise\\nthe Father is Almighty, the Son Almighty, and\\nthe Holy Ghost Almighty, And yet they are", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 83\\nnot three Almighties, but one Almighty. So the\\nFather is God, the Son is God, and the Holy\\nGhost is God. And yet there are not three Gods,\\nbut one God. So likewise the Father is Lord,\\nthe Son is Lord, and the Holy Ghost is Lord.\\nAnd yet not three Lords, but one Lord. For\\nlike as we are compelled by the Christian verity\\nto acknowledge every Person by himself, to be\\nGod and Lord So are we forbidden by the\\nCatholic Religion, to say, there be three Gods,\\nor three Lords. The Father is made of none\\nneither created, nor begotten. The Son is of the\\nFather alone not made, nor created but begotten.\\nThe Holy Ghost is of the Father and of the Son\\nneither made, nor created, nor begotten, but pro-\\nceeding. So there is one Father, not three\\nFathers; one Son, not three Sons; one Holy\\nGhost, not three Holy Ghosts. And in this\\nTrinity none is afore, or after other none is\\ngreater, or less than another. But the whole\\nthree Persons are co-eternal together and co-equal.\\nSo that in all things, as is aforesaid the Unity\\nin Trinity, and the Trinity in Unity is to be wor-\\nshipped. He therefore that will be saved, must\\nthus think of the Trinity. Furthermore, it is\\nnecessary to everlasting salvation, that he also\\nbelieve rightly the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus\\nChrist. For the right Faith is, that we believe\\nand confess; that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son\\nof God, is God and Man. God of the substance\\nof the Father, begotten before the worlds and\\nMan of the substance of his Mother, born\\nin the world. Perfect God, and perfect Man\\nof a reasonable soul and human flesh subsisting.\\nEqual to the Father, as touching his God-\\nhead; and inferior to the Father as touching", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "84 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nhis Manhood. Who, although he be God and\\nMan, yet he is not two, but one Christ. One\\nnot byconversion of the Godhead into flesh but\\nby taking of the Manhood into God. One alto-\\ngether not by confusion of Substance but by\\nunity of Person. For as the reasonable soul and\\nflesh is one man so God and Man is one Christ.\\nWho suffered for our salvation descended into\\nhell, rose again the third day from the dead. He\\nascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right\\nhand of the Father, God Almighty, from whence\\nhe shall come to judge the quick and the dead.\\nAt whose coming all men shall rise again with\\ntheir bodies, and shall give account for their own\\nworks. And they that have done good shall go\\ninto life everlasting and they that have done\\nevil into everlasting fire. This is the Catholic\\nfaith which, except a man believe faithfully, he\\ncannot be saved. Glory be to the Father, and to\\nthe Son, and to the Holy Ghost As it was in the\\nbeginning, is now, and ever shall be, world with-\\nout end. Amen.\\nAthanasius might with equal propriety have\\nadded this\\nWhen one person of the Godhead takes snufl\\nthey all sneeze and yet there are not three\\nsneezes, but one sneeze.\\nHe would simply have added to his creed another\\nstatement not one whit more absurd than his\\nother inventions\\nThe chief function of this creed seems to be an\\nattempt to explain the dogma of the Trinity, but\\nit can only be said that the explanation is, if", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 85\\npossible, more obscure than the dogma it pro-\\nfesses to elucidate. No one need hesitate to pro-\\nnounce it a pure invention, a hopeless jumble, as\\nunreliable as it is absurd. There exists not the\\nslightest evidence that Athanasius knew more of\\nthe Godhead than other men simply nothing.\\nWhatever may have been the object of St.\\nAthanasius and the other Fathers in inventing the\\nTrinity idea, is a matter of conjecture only. It\\nmay have come from a desire to display their\\nsuperior wisdom to the common people, who so\\nblindly depended upon the priests for guidance.\\nBe that as it may, its distinct effect has been to\\nmystify religion, to complicate theology, to befog\\nthose who are inquiring, and to obscure truth.\\nThis creed has been omitted from the Book of\\nCommon Prayer as used in the United States;\\nrejected as unreasonable and unbelievable.\\nThe Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion of the\\nEpiscopal Church are as follows\\nARTICLES\\nAGREED UPON BY THE ARCHBISHOPS AND BISH-\\nOPS OF BOTH PROVINCES, AND THE WHOLE\\nCLERGY,\\nIn the Convocation holden at London, in the\\nyear 1562, for the avoiding of Diversities of Opin-\\nions, and for the establishing of consent touching\\ntrue Religion reprinted by His Majesty s Com-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "86 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nmandment, with His Royal Declaration prefixed\\nthereunto.\\nHIS MAJESTY S DECLARATION.\\nBeing by God s Ordinance, according to our\\njust Title, Defender of the Faith, and Supreme\\nGovernor of the Church within these our Domin-\\nions, we hold it most agreeable to this our Kingly\\nOffice, and our own religious zeal, to conserve and\\nmaintain the Church committed to our charge, in\\nUnity of true Religion, and in the bond of Peace\\nand not to suffer unnecessary Disputations, Alter-\\ncations, or questions to be raised, which may\\nnourish Faction both in the Church and Common-\\nwealth. We have therefore, upon mature Deliber-\\nation, and with the advice of so many of our\\nBishops as might conveniently be called together,\\nthought fit to make this Declaration following:\\nThat the Articles of the Church of England\\n(which have been allowed and authorized hereto-\\nfore, and which our clergy generally have sub-\\nscribed unto), do contain the true doctrine of the\\nChurch of England, agreeable to God s Word\\nwhich we do therefore ratify and confirm, requir-\\ning all our loving subjects to continue in the uni-\\nform profession thereof, and prohibiting the least\\ndifference from the said Articles which to that\\nend, we command to be new printed, and this our\\nDeclaration to be published therewith.\\nThat we are supreme Governour of the Church\\nof England and that if any difference arise about\\nthe external Policy concerning the Injunctions,\\nCanons, and other constitutions whatsoever\\nthereto belonging, the Clergy, in their Convoca-\\ntion, is to order and settle them, having first", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 8/\\nobtained leave under our Broad Seal so to do\\nand we approving their said Ordinances and Con-\\nstitutions providing that none be made contrary\\nto the Laws and Customs of the Land.\\nThat out of our princely Care, that the Church-\\nmen may do the work which is proper unto them,\\nthe Bishops and the Clergy, from time to time in\\nConvocation, upon their humble desire, shall have\\nLicense under our Broad Seal to deliberate of,\\nand to do all such things as, being made plain by\\nthem, and assented unto by us, shall concern the\\nsettled Continuance of the Doctrine and Disci-\\npline of the Church of England now established\\nfrom which we will not endure any varying or\\ndeparting in the least Degree.\\nThat for the present, though some differences\\nhave been ill raised, yet we take comfort in this,\\nthat all Clergymen within our realm, have always\\nmost willingly subscribed to the Articles estab-\\nlished which is an argument to us, that they all\\nagree in the true, usual, literal meaning of the said\\nArticles and that even in those curious points,\\nin which the present differences lie, men of all\\nsorts take the Articles of the Church of England\\nto be for them which is an argument again, that\\nnone of them intend any desertion of the Articles\\nestablished.\\nThat therefore in these both curious and un-\\nhappy differences, which have for so many years,\\nin different times and places, exercised the Church\\nof Christ, we will that all further curious search\\nbe laid aside, and these disputes shut up in God s\\npromises, as they be generally set forth to us in\\nthe holy Scriptures, and in the general meaning\\nof the Articles of the Church of England accord-\\ning to them. And that no man hereafter shall", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "88 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\neither print, or preach, to draw the Article aside\\nany way, but shall submit to it in the plain and\\nfull meaning thereof and shall not put his own\\nsense or comment to be the meaning of the Ar-\\nticle, but shall take it in the literal and grammati-\\ncal sense.\\nThat if any publick reader in either of our\\nUniversities, or any Head or Master of a College,\\nor any other person respectively in either of them,\\nshall affix any new sense to any Article, or shall\\npublickly read, determine or hold any publick\\nDisputation, or suffer any such to be held either\\nway, in either the Universities or Colleges respec-\\ntively or if any divine in the Universities shall\\npreach or print anything either way, other than is\\nalready established in Convocation with our Royal\\nassent he, or they the offenders, shall be liable\\nto our displeasure, and the Church s censure in\\nour Commission Ecclesiastical, as well as any\\nother; and w^e will see there shall be due execu-\\ntion upon them.*\\nARTICLES OF RELIGION.\\nI. Of Faith in the Holy Trinity.\\nThere is but one living and true God, ever-\\nlasting without body, parts or passions of in-\\nfinite power, wisdom and goodness the Maker\\nand preserver of all things both visible and in-\\nvisible. And in Unity of this Godhead there be\\nthree persons, of one substance, power and eter-\\nnity the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.\\nII. Of the Word or Son of God, which\\nWAS MADE VERY MaN.\\nThe Son, which is the Word of the Father,", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 89\\nbegotten from everlasting of the Father, the very\\nand eternal God, and of one substance with the\\nFather, took Man s nature in the womb of the\\nblessed Virgin, of her substance so that two\\nwhole perfect Natures, that is to say, the Godhead\\nand Manhood, were joined together in one Per-\\nson, never to be divided, whereof is one Christ,\\nvery God and very Man who truly suffered, was\\ncrucified, dead and buried, to reconcile his Father\\nto us, and to be a sacrifice, not only for original\\nguilt, but also for all actual sins of men.\\nIII. Of THE Going down of Christ into\\nHell.\\nAs Christ died for us, and was buried, so also is\\nit to be believed, that he went down into Hell.\\nIV. Of the Resurrection of Christ.\\nChrist did truly rise again from death, and took\\nagain his body, with flesh, bones, and all things\\nappertaining to the perfection of Man s nature,\\nwherewith he ascended into Heaven, and there\\nsitteth until he return to judge all men at the last\\nday.\\nV. Of the Holy Ghost.\\nThe Holy Ghost, proceeding from the Father\\nand the Son, is of one substance, majesty, and\\nglory with the Father, and the Son, very and\\neternal God.\\nVI. Of the Sufficiency of the Holy Scrip-\\ntures for Salvation.\\nHoly Scriptures containeth all things necessary\\nto salvation; so that whatsoever is not read", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "90 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ntherein, nor may be proved thereby, is not to be\\nrequired of any man, that it should be believed\\nas ?.n article of the Faith or be thought requisite\\nor necessary to salvation. In the name of the\\nHoly Scripture we do understand those Canonical\\nBooks of the Old and New Testament, of whose\\nauthority was never any doubt in the Church.\\nOf the Names and Number of the Canonical\\nBooks.\\nGenesis,\\nExodus,\\nLeviticus,\\nNumbers,\\nDeuteronomy,\\nJoshua,\\nJudges,\\nRuth,\\nThe First Book of Samuel,\\nThe Second Book of Samuel,\\nThe First Book of Kings,\\nThe Second Book of Kings,\\nThe First Book of Chronicles,\\nThe Second Book of Chronicles,\\nThe First Book of Esdras,\\nThe Second Book of Esdras,\\nThe Book of Esther,\\nThe Book of Job,\\nThe Psalms,\\nThe Proverbs,\\nEcclesiastes or Preacher,\\nCantica, or Songs of Solomon,\\nFour Prophets the greater,\\nTwelve Prophets the less.\\nAnd the other Books (as Hieromes saith) the", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 9 1\\nChurch doth read for example of life and instruc-\\ntion of manners but yet doth it not apply them\\nto establish any doctrine such are these following\\nThe Third Book of Esdras,\\nThe Fourth Book of Esdras,\\nThe Book of Tobias,\\nThe Book of Judith,\\nThe rest of the Book of Esther,\\nThe Book of Wisdom,\\nJesus the Son of Sirach,\\nBaruch the Prophet,\\nThe Song of the Three Children,\\nThe Story of Susanna,\\nOf Bel and the Dragon,\\nThe Prayer of Manasses,\\nThe First Book of Maccabees,\\nThe Second Book of Maccabees.\\nAll the Books of the New Testament, as they\\nare commonly received, we do receive, and account\\nthem Canonical.\\nVII. Of the Old Testament.\\nThe Old Testament is not contrary to the New\\nfor both in the Old and New Testament everlasting\\nlife is offered to Mankind by Christ, who is the\\nonly Mediator between God and Man, being both\\nGod and Man. Wherefore they are not to be\\nheard, which feign that the old Fathers did look\\nonly for transitory promises. Although the Law\\ngiven from God by Moses, as touching ceremonies\\nand rites, does not bind Christian men, nor the\\nCivil precepts thereof ought of necessity to be re-\\nceived in any commonwealth yet notwithstanding\\nno Christian man whatsoever is free from the", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "92 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nobedience of the Commandments which are called\\nMoral.\\nVIII. Of THE Three Creeds.\\nThe Three Creeds, Nicene Creed, Athanasius s\\nCreed, and that which is commonly called the\\nApostles* Creed, ought thoroughly to be received\\nand believed for they may be proved by most\\ncertain warrants of Holy Scripture.\\nIX. Of Original or Birth-sin.\\nOriginal sin standeth not in the following of\\nAdam (as the Pelagians do vainly talk) but it is\\nthe fault and corruption of the nature of every\\nman, that naturally is ingendered of the offspring\\nof Adam whereby man is very far gone from\\noriginal righteousness, and is of his own nature\\ninclined to evil so that the flesh lusteth always\\ncontrary to the spirit and therefore in every\\nperson born into this world, it deserveth God s\\nwrath and damnation. And this infection of\\nnature doth remain, yea in them that are regen-\\nerated whereby the lust of the flesh, called in the\\nGreek, phronema sarkos, which some do expound\\nthe wisdom, some sensuality, some the affection,\\nsome the desire, of the flesh, is not subject to the\\nlaw of God. And although there is no condemna-\\ntion for them that believe and are baptized, yet\\nthe Apostle doth confess, that concupiscence and\\nlust hath of itself the nature of sin.\\nX. Of Free Will.\\nThe condition of man after the fall of Adam is\\nsuch, that he cannot turn and prepare himself, by", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 93\\nhis own natural strength and good works, to faith\\nand calling upon God wherefore we have no\\npower to do good works pleasant and acceptable\\nto God, without the grace of God by Christ pre-\\nventing us, that we may have a good will, and\\nworking with us, when we have that good will.\\nXI. Of THE Justification of Man.\\nWe are accounted righteous before God, only\\nfor the merit of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ\\nby Faith, and not for our own works or deserv-\\nings wherefore that we are justified by Faith only\\nis a most wholesome Doctrine, and very full of\\ncomfort, as more largely is expressed in the Homily\\nof Justification.\\nXII. Of Good Works.\\nAlbeit that Good Works, which are the fruits\\nof Faith, and follow after justification, cannot put\\naway our sins, and endure the severity of God s\\njudgment yet are they pleasing and acceptable to\\nGod in Christ, and do spring out necessarily of a\\ntrue and lively faith insomuch that by them a\\nlively Faith may be as evidently known as a tree\\ndiscerned by the fruit.\\nXIII. Of Works Before Justification.\\nWorks done before the grace of Christ, and the\\nInspiration of his spirit, are not pleasant to God,\\nfor as much as they spring not of faith in Jesus\\nChrist, neither do they make men meet to receive\\ngrace, or (as the School authors say) deserve grace\\nof congruity yea rather, for that they are not", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "94 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ndone as God hath willed and commanded them to\\nbe done, we doubt not but they have the nature\\nof sin.\\nXIV. Of Works of Supererogation.\\nVoluntary Works besides, over and above God s\\ncommandments, which they call works of super-\\nerogation, cannot be taught without arrogancy and\\nimpiety for by them men do declare, that they\\ndo not only render unto God as much as they\\nare bound to do, but that they do more for his\\nsake, than of bounden duty is required whereas\\nChrist saith plainly when ye have done all that\\nare commanded to you, say, We are unprofitable\\nservants.\\nXV. Of Christ Alone Without Sin.\\nChrist in the truth of our nature was made like\\nunto us in all things, sin only excepted, from which\\nhe was clearly void, both in his flesh and in his\\nspirit. He came to be the lamb without spot,\\nwho, by sacrifice of himself once made, should take\\naway the sins of the world, and sin, as St. John\\nsaith, was not in him. But all we the rest, al-\\nthough baptized and born again in Christ, yet\\noffend in many things and if we say we have no\\nsin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us.\\nXVI. Of Sin After Baptism.\\nNot every deadly sin willingly committed after\\nbaptism is sin against the Holy Ghost, and un-\\npardonable. Wherefore, the grant of repentance\\nis not to be denied to such as fall into sin after", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 95\\nBaptism. After we have received the Holy\\nGhost, we may depart from grace given, and fall\\ninto sin, and by the grace of God we may arise\\nagain, and amend our lives. And therefore they\\nare to be condemned, which say they can no more\\nsin as long as they live here, or deny the place of\\nforgiveness to such as truly repent.\\nXVII. Of Predestination and Election.\\nPredestination to life is the everlasting purpose\\nof God, whereby (before the foundations of the\\nworld were laid) he hath constantly decreed by\\nhis counsel secret to us, to deliver from curse and\\ndamnation those whom he hath chosen in Christ\\nout of mankind, and to bring them by Christ to\\neverlasting salvation as vessels made to honor.\\nWherefore, they which be endued with so excel-\\nlent a benefit of God, be called according to God s\\npurpose by his Spirit working in due season\\nthey through grace obey the calling they be\\njustified freely they be made sons of God by\\nadoption they be made like the image of his only\\nbegotten Son, Jesus Christ: they walk religiously,\\nin good works, and at length, by God s mercy, they\\nattain to everlasting felicity.\\nAs the godly consideration of predestination,\\nand our election in Christ, is full of sweet, pleas-\\nant, and unspeakable comfort to godly persons\\nand such as feel in themselves the working of the\\nSpirit of Christ, mortifying the works of the flesh,\\nand their earthly members, and drawing up their\\nmind to high and heavenly things, as well because\\nit doth greatly establish and confirm their faith of\\neternal salvation to be enjoyed through Christ, as\\nbecause it doth fervently kindle their love toward", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "96 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nGod So, for curious and carnal persons lacking the\\nspirit of Christ to have continually before their\\neyes the sentence of God s predestination, is a\\nmost dangerous downfall, whereby the devil doth\\nthrust them either into desperation or into wretch-\\nedness of most unclean living, no less perilous\\nthan desperation.\\nFurthermore we must receive God s promises in\\nsuch wise, as they be generally set forth to us in\\nHoly Scripture And, in our doings, that Will\\nof God is to be followed, which w^e have expressly\\ndeclared unto us in the Word of God.\\nXVIII. Of Obtaining Eternal Salvation\\nONLY BY THE NaME OF CHRIST.\\nThey also are to be had accursed, that presume\\nto say, That every man shall be saved by the law\\nor sect which he professeth, so that he be diligent\\nto frame his life according to that law, and the\\nlight of nature. For Holy Scripture doth set out\\nunto us only the name of Jesus Christ, whereby\\nmen must be saved.\\nXIX. Of the Church.\\nThe visible Church of Christ is a congregation\\nof faithful men, in which the pure word of God is\\npreached, and the sacraments be duly ministered\\naccording to Christ s ordinance in all those things\\nthat of necessity are requisite to the same.\\nAs the Church of Jerusalem, Alexandria, and\\nAntioch have erred so also the Church of Rome\\nhath erred, not only in their living and manner of\\nceremony, but also in matters of faith.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 9/\\nXX. Of THE Authority of the Church.\\nThe Church hath power to decree Rites or\\nCeremonies, and authority in controversies of\\nFaith and yet it is not lawful for the Church to\\nordain anything that is contrary to God s Word\\nwritten, neither may it so expound one place of\\nScripture, that it be repugnant to another.\\nWherefore, although the Church be a witness and\\nkeeper of holy Writ, yet as it ought not to decree\\nanything against the same, so besides the same\\nought it not to enforce anything to be believed\\nfor necessity of salvation.\\nXXI. Of the Authority of General\\nCouncils.\\nGeneral Councils may not be gathered together\\nwithout the commandment and will of princes.\\nAnd when they be gathered together (for as much\\nas they be an assembly of men, whereof all be not\\ngoverned with the spirit and word of God) they\\nmay err, and sometimes have erred, even in things\\npertaining unto God. Wherefore, things ordained\\nby them as necessary to salvation have neither\\nstrength nor authority, unless it may be declared\\nthat they be taken out of Holy Scripture.\\nXXII. Of Purgatory.\\nThe Romish doctrine concerning Purgatory,\\nPardons, Worshiping and Adoration as well of\\nImages, as of Relics, and also Invocation of Saints,\\nis a fond thing vainly invented, and grounded\\nupon no warranty of scripture, but rather repug.\\nnant to the Word of God.\\n7", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "98 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nXXIII. Of Ministering in the Congrega-\\ntion.\\nIt IS not lawful for any man to take upon him\\nthe office of public preaching, or ministering the\\nsacraments in the congregation, before he be law-\\nfully called, and sent to execute the same. And\\nthose we ought to judge lawfully, called and sent,\\nwhich be chosen and called to this work by men\\nwho have public authority given unto them in the\\ncongregation to call and send ministers into the\\nLord s vineyard.\\nXXIV. Of Speaking in the Congregation\\nIN SUCH A Tongue as the People Under-\\nSTANDETH.\\nIt is a thing plainly repugnant to the Word of\\nGod, and the custom of the primitive church, to\\nhave public prayer in the church, or to minister\\nthe sacraments in a tongue not understanded of\\nthe people.\\nXXV. Of the Sacraments.\\nSacraments ordained of Christ, be not only\\nbadges or tokens of Christian men s profession^ but\\nrather they be certain sure witnesses, and effectual\\nsigns of grace, and God s good will toward us, by\\nthe which he doth work invisibly in us, and doth\\nnot only quicken, but also strengthen and confirm\\nour faith in him. There are two sacraments or-\\ndained of Christ our Lord in the Gospel, that is to\\nsay. Baptism, and the supper of the Lord. Those\\nfive commonly called sacraments, that is to say", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 99\\nConfirmation, Penance, Orders, Matrimony, and\\nExtreme Unction, are not to be counted for\\nsacraments of the gospel being such as have\\ngrown partly of the corrupt following of the\\nApostles, partly our states of life allowed in the\\nscriptures but yet have not like nature of sacra-\\nments with Baptism, and the Lord s Supper, for\\nthat they have not any visible sign or ceremony\\nordained of God. The sacraments were not or-\\ndained of Christ to be gazed upon or to be carried\\nabout, but that we should duly use them. And\\nin such only as worthily receive the same, they\\nhave a wholesome effect or operation but they\\nthat receive them unworthily, purchase to them-\\nselves damnation, as Saint Paul saith.\\nXXVI. Of THE Unworthiness of the\\nMinisters which Hinders not the Ef-\\nfect OF THE Sacrament.\\nAlthough in the visible church, the evil be ever\\nmingled with the good, and sometimes the evil\\nhave chief authority in the ministration of the\\nWord and Sacraments, yet, for as much as they\\ndo not the same in their own name but in Christ s,\\nand do minister by his commission and authority,\\nwe may use their ministry both in hearing the\\nWord of God and in receiving of the sacrament.\\nNeither is the effect of Christ s ordinance taken\\naway by their wickedness nor the grace of God s\\ngifts diminished from such as by faith, and rightly,\\ndo receive the sacrament ministered unto them\\nwhich be effectual because of Christ s institution\\nand promise, although they be ministered by evil\\nmen. Nevertheless it appertaineth to the disci-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "lOO CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\npline of the Church that inquiry be made of evil\\nministers, and that they be accused by those that\\nhave knowledge of their offenses; and finally,\\nbeing found guilty, by just judgment be deposed.\\nXXVII. Of Baptism.\\nBaptism is not only a sign of profession, and\\nmark of difference, whereby Christian men are\\ndiscerned from others that be not christened, but\\nit is also a sign of Regeneration or new Birth,\\nwhereby, as by an instrument, they that receive\\nBaptism rightly are grafted into the Church the\\npromises of forgiveness of sin, and of our adoption\\nto be the sons of God by the Holy Ghost, are\\nvisibly signed and sealed faith is confirmed and\\ngrace increased by virtue of prayer unto God.\\nThe baptism of young children is in any wise to\\nbe retained in the Church as most agreeable with\\nthe institution of Christ.\\nXXVIII. Of the Lord s Supper.\\nThe Supper of the Lord is not only a sign of\\nthe love that Christians ought to have among\\nthemselves one to another, but rather is a sacra-\\nment of our redemption by Christ s death inso-\\nmuch that to such as rightly, worthily, and with\\nfaith receive the same, the bread which we break\\nis a partaking of the Body of Christ and likewise\\nthe cup of Blessing is a partaking of the Blood of\\nChrist. Transubstantiation (or the change of the\\nsubstance of the bread and wine) in the Supper of\\nthe Lord cannot be proved by holy writ but is\\nrepugnant to the plain words of Scripture, over-\\nthroweth the nature of a Sacrament, and hath", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. lOI\\ngiven occasion to many susperstitions. The Body\\nof Christ is given, taken and eaten, in the Supper,\\nonly after an heavenly and spiritual manner. And\\nthe means whereby the Body of Christ is received\\nand eaten in the Supper is faith. The Sacrament\\nof the Lord s Supper was not by Christ s ordi-\\nnance reserved, carried about, lifted up or wor-\\nshiped.\\nXXIX. Of THE Wicked Which Eat Not the\\nBody of Christ in the Use of the Lord s\\nSupper.\\nThe wicked and such as be void of a lively\\nfaith, although they do carnally and visibly press\\nwith their teeth (as Saint Augustine saith) the\\nSacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, yet\\nin no wise are they partakers of Christ but rather,\\nto their condemnation do eat and drink the sign\\nor Sacrament of so great a thing.\\nXXX. Of Both Kinds.\\nThe cup of the Lord is not to be denied to the\\nlay-people for both the parts of the Lord s Sacra-\\nment, by Christ s ordinance and commandment,\\nought to be ministered to all Christian men alike.\\nXXXL Of the One Oblation of Christ\\nFinished upon the Cross.\\nThe offering of Christ once made is that perfect\\nredemption, propitiation, and satisfaction, for all\\nthe sins of the whole world, both original and\\nactual and there is none other satisfaction for\\nsin, but that alone, wherefore, the sacrifices of", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "I02 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nmasses, in the which it was commonly said that\\nthe priest did offer Christ for the quick and the\\ndead, to have remission of pain or guilt, were\\nblasphemous fables, and dangerous deceits.\\nXXXII. Of the Marriage of Priests.\\nBishops, priests, and deacons are not com-\\nmanded by God s laws either to vow the estate of\\nsingle life, or to abstain from marriage therefore,\\nit is lawful for them, as for all other Christian\\nmen, to marry at their own discretion, as they\\nshall judge the same to serve better to Godliness.\\nXXXIII. Of Excommunicate Persons, How\\nThey Are to be Avoided.\\nThat person which by open denunciation of\\nthe Church, is rightly cut off from the unity of\\nthe Church, and excommunicated or to be taken\\nof the whole multitude of the faithful, as an\\nheathen and publican, until he be openly recon-\\nciled by penance, and received into the Church by\\na judge that hath authority thereunto.\\nXXXIV. Of the Traditions of the Church.\\nIt is not necessary that traditions and ceremo-\\nnies be in all places one, and utterly like for at\\nall times they have been divers, and may be\\nchanged according to the diversities of countries,\\ntimes and men s manners, so that nothing be or-\\ndained against God s Word. Whosoever through\\nhis private judgment, willingly and purposely doth\\nopenly break the traditions and ceremonies of the\\nChurch, which be not repugnant to the Word of", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. IO3\\nGod and be ordained and approved by common\\nauthority, ought to be rebuked openly (that others\\nmay fear to do the like) as he that offendeth\\nagainst the common order of the Church and\\nhurteth the authority of the magistrate and\\nwoundeth the consciences of the weak brethren.\\nEvery particular or national Church hath author-\\nity to ordain, change, and abolish ceremonies or\\nrites of the Church ordained only by man s author-\\nity, so that all things be done to edifying.\\nXXXV. Of THE Homilies.\\nThe second Book of Homilies, the several titles\\nwhereof we have joined under this Article, doth\\ncontain a Godly and wholesome Doctrine, and\\nnecessary for these times, as doth the former Book\\nof Homilies, which were set forth in the time of\\nEdward the Sixth and therefore we judge them\\nto be read in churches by the Ministers, diligently\\nand distinctly, that they may be understanded of\\nthe people.\\nOf the Names of the Homilies.\\n1. Of the right Use of the Church.\\n2. Against Peril of Idolatry.\\n3. Of repairing and keeping clean the Churches.\\n4. Of good Works first of Fasting.\\n5. Against Gluttony and Drunkenness.\\n6. Against Excess of Apparel.\\n7. Of Prayer.\\n8. Of the Place and Time of Prayer.\\n9. That Common Prayers and Sacraments\\nought to be ministered in a known tongue.\\n10. Of the reverend estimation of God s Word.\\n11. Of Alms-doing.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "I04 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\n12. Of the Nativity of Christ.\\n13. Of the Passion of Christ.\\n14. Of the Resurrection of Christ.\\n15. Of the worthy receiving of the Sacrament\\nof the Body and Blood of Christ.\\n16. Of the Gifts of the Holy Ghost.\\n17. For the Rogation-days.\\n18. Of the State of Matrimony.\\n19. Of Repentance.\\n20. Against Idleness.\\n21. Against Rebellion.\\nXXXVI. Of Consecration of Bishops and\\nMinisters.\\nThe Book of Consecration of Archbishops and\\nBishops, and Ordering of Priests and Deacons,\\nlately set forth in the time of Edward the Sixth,\\nand confirmed at the same time by authority of\\nParliament, doth contain all things necessary to\\nsuch Consecration and Ordering neither hath it\\nanything, that of itself is superstitious and un-\\ngodly. And therefore whosoever are consecrated,\\nor ordered, according to the Rites of that Book,\\nsince the second year of the forenamed King Ed-\\nward unto this time, or hereafter, shall be conse-\\ncrated or ordered according to the same Rites\\nwe decree all such to be rightly, orderly, and law-\\nfully consecrated and ordered.\\nXXXVII. Of the Civil Magistrates.\\nThe Queen^s Majesty hath the chief power in\\nthis Realm of England, and her other Dominions,\\nunto whom the chief Government of all Estates\\nof this Realm, whether they be Ecclesiastical or", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. lOg\\nCivil, in all causes doth appertain, and is not, nor\\nought to be, subject to any foreign Jurisdiction.\\nWhere we attribute to the Queen s Majesty the\\nchief government, by which Titles we understand\\nthe minds of some slanderous folks to be offended\\nwe give not to our Princes the ministering either\\nof God s Word, or of the Sacraments, the which\\nthing the Injunctions also lately set forth by\\nElizabeth our Queen do most plainly testify but\\nthat only prerogative, which we see to have been\\ngiven always to all godly Princes in holy Scrip-\\ntures by God himself that is, that they should rule\\nall states and degrees committed to their charge\\nby God, whether they be Ecclesiastical or Tem-\\nporal, and restrain with the civil sword the stub-\\nborn and evil-doers. The Bishop of Rome hath\\nno jurisdiction in this Realm of England. The\\nLaws of the Realm may punish Christian men with\\ndeath, for heinous and grievous offenses. It is\\nlawful for Christian men, at the commandment of\\nthe Magistrate, to wear weapons, and serve in the\\nwars.\\nXXXVIII. Of Christian Men s Goods,\\nWHICH ARE Not Common.\\nThe Riches and Goods of Christians are not\\ncommon, as touching the right, title and posses-\\nsion of the same, as certain Anabaptists do falsely\\nboast. Notwithstanding, every man ought, of\\nsuch things as he possesseth, liberally to give alms\\nto the poor, according to his ability.\\nXXXIX. Of a Christian Man s Oath.\\nAs we confess that vain and rash Swearing is\\nforbidden Christian men by our Lord Jesus", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "Io6 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nChrist, and James his Apostle, so we judge, that\\nChristian Religion doth not prohibit, but that a\\nman may swear when +-he Magistrate requireth, in\\na cause of faith and charity, so it be done accord-\\ning to the Prophet s teaching, in justice, judgment\\nand truth.\\nIt will be noticed that Article XVII. especially\\nsets forth the doctrine of predestination, whereby\\nbefore the foundations of the world were laid,**\\nGod selected and chose those who should be\\nsaved.\\nEpiscopalians generally disclaim this doctrine,\\nin fact but a small percentage of them have read\\nit, or even know of its existence in the Articles.*\\nOriginally there were forty-two of these Arti-\\ncles and they were adopted in England in 1 553.\\nTen years later they were reduced to their present\\nnumber and form, and every clergyman in the\\nEnglish Church is required to subscribe to them his\\ndeclaration of consent\\nAs with the details of the creeds. Episcopalians\\ntake great latitude as to the extent to which they\\nbelieve the Articles.\\nIn like manner they have a prayer (The Abso-\\nlution or Remission of sins).\\nAlmighty God, the Father of our Lord Jesus\\nChrist, who desireth not the death of a sinner,\\nbut rather that he may turn from his wickedness,\\nand live and hath given power and command-\\nment, to his ministers, to declare and pronounce", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. lO/\\nto his people, being penitent, the Absolutioii\\nand Remission of their sins. He pardoneth and\\nabsolveth all them that truly repent, and un-\\nfeignedly believe his holy Gospel. Wherefore\\nlet us beseech him to grant us true repentance,\\nand his holy Spirit, that those things may please\\nhim, which we do at this present and that the\\nrest of our life hereafter may be pure, and holy\\nso that at the last we may come to his eternal\\njoy; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen/\\nIt thus says that God has e^npowered his min-\\nisters to declare when sins are forgiven.\\nThis is much like the Catholic form, from which\\nit is patterned. Of course there is no evidence\\nwhatever of the giving of such power or authority,\\nexcept in the teachings of the fathers.\\nTo an unprejudiced mind, it seems strange and\\ninconsistent, that so many unbelieved, or half-\\nbelieved, tenets are retained.\\nThey are mockeries of sincerity. The New\\nYork Sun of Feb. 9, 1900, has the following item\\non its Editorial page. It bears so directly on\\nwhat I have just been writing that I copy it in\\nfull\\nNew York Sun, Feb. 9, 1900.\\nAn Awful Sin.\\nProf. St. George Mivart, in refusing to\\nsign the profession of faith submitted to him by\\nCardinal Vaughan, with mental reservations\\nwhich would pratically nullify it, has set an ex-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "I08 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nample of honesty which might well bring the\\nblush of shame to many theologians who are now\\noutwardly professing a faith which inwardly they\\ndeny.\\nSpeaking of the clause in the confession re-\\nquiring him to assent to the dogma that the\\nScriptures not merely contain revelation with\\nwhich there is no mixture of error, but also,\\nhaving been written by the inspiration of the\\nHoly Ghost, they have GOD as their author and\\nhave been delivered to the Church as such/ he\\ntells the Cardinal\\nIt would be easy, of course, by a little dex-\\nterity, to distort and evade what appears to be\\nits real and obvious meaning. As GOD is the\\nFirst Cause and Creator of all things, He is, in\\n^that sense, their Author; Author of the Decam-\\neron of BOCCACCIO, as well as of the Bible.\\nBut to make a profession with such a meaning\\nwould be, in my eyes, grossly profane and al-\\ntogether unjustifiable.\\nMany recent Biblical critics, however, have\\nhad no such scruples of conscience. They have\\ncontinued to profess adhesion to standards of faith,\\nthe Westminster Confession, for example, by a\\nlittle dexterity or trickery of the sort which\\nProf. St. George Mivart, an honest man, draws\\nback from in horror as grossly profane and\\naltogether unjustifiable. Of course, as he says,\\nGod as the Author of all things may be called the\\nAuthor of everything written, but, as all men\\nknow, that is not the sense in which these stan-\\ndards describe the authorship of the Bible as the\\nWord of God, and to accept them with any such\\nreservation or any reservation in the mind is\\nflagrantly dishonest and deceitful.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. IO9\\n*^Most of all is honesty, is sincerity, is absolute\\nstraightforwardness requisite in dealing with the\\nliving God whom a man professes to fear and\\nw^orship. If he is an infidel, if he doubts, if he\\ncannot reconcile and submit his reason to a con-\\nfession of faith exacted of him, or in any way\\nrejects it in its plain and literal sense, he is a blas-\\nphemous liar when he pretends to accept it as a\\ncondition of remaining in a ministry solemnly\\npledged to sustain and teach it. Moreover, he is\\na coward, a humbug, a time server, a seller of his\\nsoul for a mess of pottage, false both to religion\\nand to reason. With that awful sin Prof. St.\\nGeorge Mivart is not willing to load his con-\\nscience.\\nPeriodically, the bishops of the Episcopal\\nChurch hold a council at a place in England called\\nLambeth a suburb of London. The subjects\\nwhich are under consideration are of such extra-\\nordinary and momentous importance, that the\\nsessions are held behind closed doors the laity\\nmay hardly be trusted with such weighty matters.\\nPossibly they may some day mitigate the incon-\\nsistencies of the prayer book, which have little, if\\nanything, more than relic value. While such an\\nact would be likely to meet with the approval of\\nthe greater proportion of their Church members,\\nthere are those who would be horrified by what\\nthey would consider such a dreadful desecration.\\nAmong them are many divines who are pest-\\nered with the nineteenth century, and prefer the", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "no CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ndark ages or quite the same thing the teachings\\nof those who lived in those serene centuries.\\nFashion and wealth in this country gravitate\\ntoward the Episcopal Church more than toward\\nany other.\\nPRESBYTERIANISM.\\nMany Episcopalians are fond of referring to\\nPresbyterians as being very narrow in their re-\\nligious views. Judged by their books, there is\\nvery little difference between them. It is much\\nlike the little boy who reported to his father that\\nhis brother had his eyes open during prayers.\\nThere is, however, this dissimilarity. The Epis-\\ncopalian serenely reads his creed and his liturgy,\\nand believes as much or as little of it as he\\npleases. For example, few of them believe in the\\nresurrection of the body many doubt the immac-\\nulate conception and yet they repeat these things\\nevery time they attend church, excusing them-\\nselves in various ways for apparent insincerity.\\nThe Presbyterian, on the other hand, usually\\nstands up for his creed and his confession of faith,\\nand he will tell you, in fact seems to have made\\nhimself believe, that there is entire harmony be-\\ntween the doctrine of fore-ordination and free-\\nwill that God knows exactly what a man is\\ngoing to do in every detail of his earthly exist-\\nence, and yet the man is free to do as he wills\\nIllogical and impossible though such doctrine", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. Ill\\nmay be, the Presbyterian who defends it is less\\ninconsistent than his Episcopal brother who\\nexcuses rather than defends his dogmas, who\\ndodges and evades the question.\\nThe main beliefs of all orthodox Protestant\\nChurches are substantially alike. A few years\\nago all were equally rigid, while to-day all have\\nmodified the severity of their teachings.\\nThe constitution of the Presbyterian Church is\\nembodied in their Confession of Faith. This was\\nadopted in this country in 1729, but has several\\ntimes been slightly amended. It sets forth a\\nbelief in the Holy Scriptures. Of these it says:\\nThe authority of the Holy Scripture, for\\nwhich it ought to be believed and obeyed, de-\\npendeth not upon the testimony of any man or\\nchurch, but wholly upon God, the author thereof\\nand therefore it is to be received, because it is the\\nWord of God.\\nThere is but one living and true God, who is\\ninfinite in being and perfection, a most pure\\nspirit, invisible, without body, parts, or passions,\\nimmutable, immense, eternal, incomprehensible,\\nalmighty, most wise, most holy, most free, most\\nabsolute, working all things according to the\\ncounsel of his own immutable and most righteous\\nwill, for his own glory most loving, gracious,\\nmerciful, long-suffering, abundant in goodness and\\ntruth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin\\nthe rewarder of them that diligently seek him\\nand withal most just and terrible in his judg-\\nments, hating all sin, and who will by no means\\nclear the guilty.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "112 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nIn the Unity of the Godhead there be three\\npersons of one substance, power and eternity\\nGod the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy\\nGhost. The Father is of none, neither begotten\\nnor proceeding; the Son is eternally begotten of\\nthe Father the Holy Ghost eternally proceeding\\nfrom the Father and the Son.\\nAlthough God knows whatsoever may or can\\ncome to pass upon all supposed conditions, yet\\nhath he not decreed anything because he foresaw\\nit as future, or as that which would come to pass\\nupon such conditions. {Rather obsaire,)\\nBy the decree of God, for the manifestation\\nof his glory, some men and angels are predes-\\ntinated unto everlasting life, and others fore-\\nordained to everlasting death.\\nThese angels and men, thus predestinated and\\nfore-ordained, are particularly and unchangeably\\ndesigned and their number is so certain and\\ndefinite that it cannot be either increased or\\ndiminished.\\nGod hath appointed the elect unto glory.\\nThe rest of mankind God was pleased, accord-\\ning to the unsearchable counsel of his own will,\\nwhereby he extendeth or withholdeth mercy as\\nhe pleaseth, for the glory of his sovereign power\\nover his creatures, to pass by, and to ordain them\\nto dishonor and wrath for their sin to the praise\\nof his glorious justice.\\nIt seems incomprehensible that intelligent and\\neducated men can, in these days, teach or believe\\nin such doctrine, can ascribe to a loving God such\\nelements of injustice and savage cruelty.\\nIt pleased God to create or make of", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. II3\\nnothing, the world and all things therein, whether\\nvisible or invisible, in the space of six days, and\\nall very good.\\nGod in his ordinary providence maketh use of\\nmeans, yet is free to work without, above, and\\nagainst them, at his pleasure.\\nElect infants, dying in infancy, are saved by\\nChrist through the Spirit, who worketh when and\\nwhere and how he pleaseth/\\nThese are only a few extracts from the Con-\\nfession of Faith. There are chapters on\\nGod s Covenant with Man, Free Will,^\\nEffectual Calling, Justification, Adoption,\\nSanctification, and Saving Faith. These\\ndoctrines and dogmas are so shrouded and ob-\\nscured in mystery and ambiguity, so inconsistent\\nwith the teachings of Jesus that God is Love, so\\nentirely out of harmony with the intelligence and\\nreason with which the Creator has endowed us,\\nthat they are only as sounding brass^ or tinkling\\ncymbals.\\nPerfect harmony does not prevail in the Presby-\\nterian denomination. They have the liberals who\\nare demanding the why in relation to the un-\\nprovable inventions that are embodied in the\\ndoctrines of the Church. They have the conserv-\\natives who not only fail to answer the whys,\\nbut deny the right of their brethren to question\\nthe propriety of what has been the doctrine of\\nthe Church, mostly as handed down by Calvin.\\n8", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "114 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nJohn Calvin lived during the times of the Ref-\\normation and was to a certain extent a co-worker\\nwith Luther against the assumptions of the Church\\nof Rome. Though very ready to condemn the\\nCatholics for their teachings and beliefs, he was\\nhimself narrow and bigoted. A man of great\\nability and learning, he was an extreme fanatic.\\nHere is an incident illustrative of his character.\\nMichael Ser\\\\^etus, an eminent physician, was also\\na reformer, but held anti-trinitarian views. At\\none time he and Calvin were friends. Later they\\ncorresponded on doctrinal points, Calvin endeavor-\\ning to correct the errors of his friend and to set\\nhim right, but failing therein. Servetus, in 1553,\\nvisited Calvin at Geneva. The latter caused his\\narrest and trial for heresy. He zuas condent7ied\\nand burned at tlie stake I\\nIn this course, Calvin undoubtedly believed he\\nwas serving God To such a savage crime may\\na man be brought by fanaticism and bigotry\\nA Presbyterian lady said to me that the death\\nof Servetus was a great trial to Calvin A great\\ntrial indeed In the name of humanity, of\\nwhat consequence v/as it to the tortured Servetus,\\nor to the world, whether Calvin danced around\\nthe blazing fire or driveled in the background\\nHad he possessed the true spirit of religion, he\\nwould at the last moment have scattered the\\nfagots he himself had kindled. But, blinded by\\nbigotry, Calvin was insensible to the religion of", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. II 5\\nJesus, kindness toward his fellow men Creed\\nand doctrine and dogma were his idols, images\\nwhich obscured from his vision or understand-\\ning the only true God Calvin was a creature\\nof his times and surroundings. In these days\\nhe would not be tolerated in any enlightened\\nland. How is it, then, that people who would\\ncondemn him now can revere him and his theories\\nbecause he lived in the dark ages Does it not\\nlook like admiring savage cruelty at a distance\\nA great trial indeed\\nPoor Calvin. He is entitled to pity on account\\nof the darkness in which he lived. I can appreciate\\nsomething of this. But when I endeavor to\\ncomprehend how in these enlightened days, peo-\\nple can be found who will mix his teaching with\\nthe doctrines of the fathers and then swallow\\nthe whole dose, when I try to understand this\\nI must confess myself a dismal failure. It is too\\nmuch for me.\\nIn the Presbyterian Catechism, the Godhead is\\nthus described There are three persons in\\nthe Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy\\nGhost These three are one God the same in\\nsubstance equal in power and glory.\\nThis agrees with the Creeds. Jesus however\\nsaid The Father is greater than I John xiv.\\n28). It necessarily follows, that if the Creeds\\nare correct, Jesus must have been under a wrong\\nimpression.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "Il6 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nThe conservatives among Presbyterians are in\\ncontrol, and they are driving from their member-\\nship some of their most intelligent thinkers and\\nbrightest minds. With them the verdict is, that\\nto think, or to suspect a possibility of error in the\\ndoctrines, is a crime.\\nThe membership of this Church is not increas-\\ning in this country at present. Why is this And\\nthis question is a serious one for the Presbyterian\\nChurch. I will confine myself to asking a few\\nquestions the reader may supply the answers.\\nIs not the Church really suffering from excessive\\ntheology In the Westminster Confession of\\nFaith, has she not more of a load than she is able\\nto carry Does not the intelligence of the Church\\nKNOW that it is full of absurdities? Is it\\nnot true that her ministers are required to teach\\ndoctrines, with which the ablest of them are\\nnot in earnest sympathy Is it not true that\\nthose of their members who are supposed to ac-\\ncept and believe the whole long list of dogmas\\nand doctrines are people who give their meaning\\nvery little serious or earnest thought Are they\\nnot driving from their pulpits some of their bright-\\nest minds, and throttling others with the grip of\\northodoxy\\nMETHODISM.\\nThis sect is very numerous in the United\\nStates. Originating in England, it was founded", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 11/\\nprincipally by John Wesley about the year 1740.\\nIt has, however, flourished more in America than\\nin the mother country.\\nThe beliefs of Methodists may be found in their\\nchurch book, known as The Discipline. They\\nare trinitarians believe in the fall of man from\\noriginal holiness and in the atonement, and they\\nuse the Apostles Creed, except that they omit\\nthe sentence, He descended into Hell.\\nTheir church government is episcopal in form,\\nhaving annual conferences which are presided over\\nby a bishop, who is elected by the General Con-\\nference which is held every four years. The Bish-\\nop and Elders of districts of the conference ap-\\npoint and decide where the ministers shall be\\nlocated.\\nMethodists are often very emotional, but are\\nfull of earnestness and diligent in church work.\\nThey are eminent as pioneers in our newly\\nsettled regions, and wherever they are found, their\\naims and influence are uplifting and useful.\\nTHE BAPTIST FAITH.\\nThe ^Declaration of Faith* in the Baptist\\nManual sets forth\\nI. The Old and New Testament Scriptures\\nwere written by men divinely inspired, and are\\nthe only sufficient and perfect rule of faith and\\npractise.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "Il8 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\n2. There is one God, and only one, who is\\nself-existent, eternal, and infinite in every excel-\\nlence, and who has revealed himself as Father, the\\nSon, and Holy Ghost, the same in essence, though\\ndistinct in personality.\\n3. Man was created innocent. By disobedi-\\nence of the command of God he fell, thereby losing\\nhis innocence, becoming subject to death, and to\\nthe eternal displeasure of God.\\n4. Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the Son\\nof Man, came into the world to save men from\\nthe guilt and condemnation of sin, offering his\\nblood as an atonement, and making it available\\nto all who exercise faith in him.\\nOf Baptism the Manual says Baptism, as a\\nsymbolic act, must in its form be definite and un-\\nvarying. The only baptism that can represent a\\nburial and resurrection is immersion, whereby the\\nwhole body is laid beneath the water and raised\\ntherefrom.*\\nIn a spirit of liberality the Manual says Dif-\\nferences of opinion on many doctrines and dif-\\nferences of interpretation of many passages of\\nScripture are natural and admissible.\\nBaptists have existed for many centuries, per-\\nhaps since the earliest dates of the Christian era,\\nthough not under their present name. They are\\nnumerous in Europe where, in olden times, they\\nwere sometimes persecuted and outlawed. In the\\nUnited States they number nearly four millions.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. II9\\nCONGREGATIONALISM.\\nCongregationalists are so named from their\\nsystem of church government, which is vested in\\neach individual church. They are subject to no\\nbishop, synod, assembly, or conference. Natu-\\nrally this gives them great independence, not only\\nas to church management, but also in matters of\\ncreed and thought.\\nIn some of their churches the Apostles Creed\\nis used, as the preference of its members may de-\\ntermine.\\nOn the whole, Congregationalists incline to-\\nward trinitarian rather than toward unitarian\\nviews. Many of their members, however, hold\\nunitarian beliefs, and against this there is no pro-\\ntest. Full liberty is permitted and respected.\\nUNITARIANISM.\\nFrom Congregationalism to Unitarianisni is an\\neasy step. A step upward toward the light, a\\nstep in the transit from mystery, doubt, and com-\\nplexity toward that which is at once scriptural,\\nreasonable, and possible.\\nThe best religious thought of the world is con-\\ncentrating in a belief in One omniscient, all per-\\nvading, omnipresent GOD. Whittier realizes this\\nwhen he writes", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "I20 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nOh, sometimes gleams upon our sight,\\nThrough present wrong, the eternal Right;\\nAnd step by step, since time began,\\nWe see the steady gain of man.\\nThat all of good the past hath had\\nRemains to make our own time glad,\\nOur common, daily life divine,\\nAnd every land a Palestine,\\nThrough the harsh noises of our day,\\nA low sweet prelude finds its way\\nThrough clouds of doubt, and creeds of fear,\\nA light is breaking, calm and clear.\\nHenceforth my heart shall sigh no more\\nFor olden time and holier shore\\nGod s love and blessing then and there,\\nAre now, and here, and everywhere.\\nThere exists nowhere a better or truer example\\nof inspiration than this.\\nThe Unitarian belief may be said to have always\\nexisted. In all ages of which we have any ac-\\ncount, there have been men who believed in one\\ncreating and governing cause, one God.\\nThe Jews are, and always have been. Unitarians.\\nHow was it with the earliest Christians Is there\\nanybody who believes that Jesus was a trinita-\\nrian Did He ever say one word respecting it\\nDid He at any time define or attempt to define\\nwhat trinitarians are pleased to call the Godhead\\nDid either Matthew, or Mark, or Luke, or John", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 121\\nsay that the Father is God, the Son is God, and\\nthe Holy Ghost is God Three of these were\\nwith Him through most of His ministry. If they\\nwere taught that He was God, or if they looked\\nupon Him as God, it is incredible that they\\nshould not have mentioned it. Yet from their\\ndirect intercourse and association with Him, they\\nmust have known how He regarded Himself.\\nThe fact is plain and apparent, and that with-\\nout deep research or theological aid, that neither\\nJesus nor His Apostles were any more trinitarians\\nthan were the Jews among whom they lived.\\nThey were Unitarians, as were all of the early\\nChristians. Jesus repeatedly spoke of God, as\\nMy Father,* Your Father, Our Father\\nalways as one, never of that man-made incon-\\ngruity, the trinitarian Godhead.\\nIf one will but read the letters of Paul, no\\nmention of the trinity, or anything like it, from\\nbeginning to end will be found.\\nNor, it may be added, does he even allude\\nto His virgin birth nor to the resurrection of His\\nphysical body It is fair to inquire. Did Paul\\nbelieve in these things? If so, is it not strange\\nthat in his teachings and explanations of Chris-\\ntianity, he omitted all mention of them\\nJ. P. Newman in his Development of Chris-\\ntian Doctrine shows that the doctrine of the\\nTrinity was not completely established in the\\nRomish Church before the fourth century.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "122 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nAbout this time lived Arius. He protested\\nagainst the adoption by the Church of the doc-\\ntrine of the Trinity, but he was opposed by the\\nmajority. In the Council of Nice, in 325, he\\noffered a creed that was torn to pieces, himself\\nbut narrowly escaping a similar fate. The Nicene\\nCreed was then presented and adopted.\\nThough in the minority, there were many who\\nrefused to endorse the trinitarian doctrine. Arius\\nwas a man of great intellectual power and he\\nbecame their leader, and from this circumstance\\nthey were called Arians.\\nThe Unitarians are the Arians of to-day. There\\nis no body of Christians that has a higher rever-\\nence for the Saviour than they. Their ministers\\nbaptize in the name of the Father, and of the\\nSon, and of the Holy Spirit.* At confirmation\\nthe minister asks: Do you believe in Jesus\\nChrist the Son of God?*\\nAnswer: I do.\\nWill you renounce the fellowship of evil, and\\nendeavor to do the will of God as revealed by\\nJesus Christ?\\nAnswer 1 will.\\nIt is not uncommon, however, to hear members\\nof Orthodox Churches denounce Unitarians in the\\nseverest terms, frequently declaring that they are\\nnot Christians. At the same time they will prob-\\nably maintain that they themselves are very\\nliberal and desire to respect the religious beliefs", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 23\\nof other churches. This claim is, to say the least,\\nslightly inconsistent.\\nThe plain fact is, the orthodox churchman be-\\nlieves in Jesus according to the interpretation of\\nthe fathers, as announced in the fourth and\\nfifth centuries in times when only the priests and\\nfathers were permitted to read the Bible.\\nThe Unitarian, on the other hand, insists upon\\nhis right to read the Bible and interpret its mean-\\ning. He believes in the plain precepts of Jesus,\\nas taught by Himself when He v/as on the earth.\\nThe Lord s Prayer is distinctly a Unitarian\\nPrayer. In it there is no suggestion of Holy,\\nblessed, and glorious trinity, three persons and\\none God Unitarian also is that last prayer,\\nwhen from the cross He cried, Father, forgive\\nthem Unitarians fail entirely to understand\\nhow any Christian can squarely deny the words\\nof Jesus, when He said, The Father is greater\\nthan I.\\nUNIVERSALISM.\\nNo important body of Christians is so little\\nunderstood by other sects as the Universalists.\\nThe average idea is, that the Universalist believes\\nthat at death all go immediately to Heaven or to\\na condition of complete happiness The fact is,\\nthey believe that every human being enters his\\nnext existence, very much in the same condition\\nin which he leaves the present one.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "124 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nThe Universalist Confession of Faith says\\nWe believe that the Holy Scriptures of the Old\\nand New Testaments contain a revelation of the\\ncharacter of God, and of the duty, interest, and\\nfinal destination of mankind.\\nThe following is a declaration of Universalist\\nPrinciples, adopted at Boston, Mass., in 1899, ^vith\\nthe statement that no precise form of words is\\nrequired\\n1. The Universal Fatherhood of God.\\n2. The spiritual authority and leadership of\\nHis Son, Jesus Christ.\\n3. The trustworthiness of the Bible as con-\\ntaining a revelation from God.\\n4. The certainty of just retribution for sin.\\n5. ^The final harmony of all souls with God.\\nThe Church as an organization does not demand\\na distinct form of creed for all.\\nIn the Church of the Eternal Hope, in New\\nYork City, the following Creed is used We\\nbelieve in the Fatherhood of God, the Brother-\\nhood of Man, the Spiritual Leadership of Jesus\\nChrist, and the Immortality of the Soul.\\nWe believe that Goodness is the Eternal Law\\nof God, and will finally overcome all evil and\\nthat only as we accept and practise this Law, can\\nwe find peace, in this world, or in the world to\\ncome.\\nUniversalists reject the doctrine that man is\\nunder the wrath and curse of God for the sins of", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 12$\\nhis ancestors. They also reject such doctrines as\\nthe atonement, justification by faith, etc., etc.\\nOf the theory of salvation the Rev. Dr. Jas. M.\\nPullman says It is held that moral develop-\\nment is not confined to the present state of exist-\\nence, but is conterminous with the whole duration\\nof man that salvation consists in the formation\\nof a character conformed to God*s will that such\\na character cannot be instantaneously acquired,\\nnor produced in any other way than by the vol-\\nuntary action of the individual that rewards and\\npunishments are aids to the development of char-\\nacter, and not ends or finalities that God s love is\\nclearly shown in penalty as well as in reward,\\nsince, by the return of his deeds upon his head,\\nman is made aware that there is somebody in the\\nuniverse who cares for which way he goes that\\npunishment is medicinal and corrective that the\\nremission of the penalties of voluntary disobe-\\ndience would be unmerciful that forgiveness does\\nnot involve such remission, but works a change in\\nthe attitude of the soul, which ennobles, instead\\nof degrading the sinner. Universalism affirms\\nthat the revelation of the divine character through\\nthe Christ is the most potent awakener of the\\nmoral energy of man that the chief function of\\nthe Church of Christ is to hold His ideal of life\\nand character before men, and assist them to attain\\nit that man cannot find salvation by withdrawing\\nfrom the sphere of life s duties, but that the great", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "126 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nschool of moral discipline and spiritual culture is\\nto be found in the common personal relationships\\nand ordinary pursuits of life/\\nImmortality is endless opportunity and unlim-\\nited possibility.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AND MENTAL\\nSCIENCE.\\nThese organizations represent the most modern\\nforms of religious and ethical belief. To many,\\nperhaps to most people, this assertion will be a\\nsurprise. The general sentiment seems to be,\\nthat they are inventions to heal physical disease\\nby supernatural force, are claims of healing disease\\nby miraculous power One divine announced\\nthis from his pulpit, and said he had investigated\\nthe subject and that it was neither Christian nor\\nscientific What this fossilized divine does\\nnot know about Christian or Mental Science would\\nmake a large and interesting volume. He com-\\nprehended Christian and Mental Science about as\\nmuch as Saint Anathasius comprehended what is\\ncalled the Godhead, which he attempted to\\nexplain in that jumble of absurd guesswork known\\nas the Athanasian Creed.\\nNothing could be further from truth, than to\\nassert that they claim miraculous power. On the\\nother hand, Mental Scientists, at least, deny that\\na miracle, as commonly understood, ever has or\\never will occur. They hold that throughout the\\n127", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "128 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nuniverse there is one great all-pervading, con-\\nstantly developing, forever advancing Force, one\\nEternal Life in whom we live and move and\\nhave our being, and that this great force is God.\\nIt dwells within each of us, and is our highest\\nform of self; above the physical body, above the\\nmentality or intellect, above the moral and the\\nspiritual.\\nJesus was perfect in and through the fact that\\nHe fully recognized and comprehended this\\nForce, this God within Himself, and in this He\\nwas far in advance of any human being of whom\\nwe have any account. His whole life was a\\ndemonstration of the power of God s Truth, an\\nindwelling power that was over all corruption, all\\nerror, all disease, all sin and death. Man may\\nattain to this condition, but only through a sincere\\nand true recognition of his highest self. It is\\nwithin the power of every human being to ad-\\nvance toward this recognition whenever he elects\\nto do so.\\nMind is capable of directing itself. It is in-\\nfluenced by both body and spirit, but can decide\\nfor itself which influence shall predominate.\\nYielding to the former, man becomes perhaps\\nlicentious, perhaps a drunkard, a glutton, the power\\nof his higher self becomes weaker, less restraining,\\nand the man becomes vicious. Choosing the latter,\\nhe is aided and uplifted. He grows in sincerity,\\nin kindness, right, goodness. As he proceeds, he", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 29\\nwill find that its fruits are contentment, satisfac-\\ntion, and happiness.\\nThere is not the slightest doubt but that this\\ncondition is most favorable for the cure of bodily\\ndiseases. Experience proves this. All physicians\\nacknowledge it, and have recognized its influence\\nfrom time immemorial. But few of them realize\\nthe full meaning of their words when they say,\\nNow let nature do the rest, as though great na-\\nture was secondary to nostrum Yet let me not\\nbe misunderstood in speaking of that noble body\\nof men, the physicians. Every one knows how\\nprominent they have been in advancing the world\\nof science, both within and without the profession.\\nThey are, in an eminent degree, leaders in intel-\\nlectual progress however, they themselves, or\\nat least most of them, wnll admit that many of\\ntheir number are quite indisposed to adopt the\\nadvances that are being made every year by the\\nprofession. A majority of them, so far as I can\\nsee, are disposed to combat the beliefs in mental\\nhealing. Fortunately this majority is decreasing.\\nThe able editor of one of our Medical Journals\\nrecently published an editorial in which he said\\nthat one hundred years from now very little med-\\nicine would be prescribed or given, and that the\\ndoctors* treatment would then be principally by\\nsuggestion We cannot expect doctors (any more\\nthan dominies) to pay much attention to criti-\\ncisms from the unprofessional, but an article like\\n9", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "130 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nthe one referred to should make them lay aside\\ntheir prejudices and think of the possibilities of\\nmentality.\\nThat there is an invisible channel or atmos-\\nphere, through which a person is affected by the\\npresence or thought or act of another, admits of\\nno doubt. Perhaps the most common and simple\\nillustration of this is the act of yawning, which is\\noften spoken of as catching.* A man may not\\nonly bring himself under the power of his own\\nhigher being, but he may be, and is, affected by\\nthe influence of those by whom he is surrounded\\nand with whom he comes in contact. It is through\\nthis means that the influence of the mental\\nhealer is exercised upon the sick or infirm. The\\nreal healing force is within every human being\\nit is simply aided in asserting itself by the influ-\\nence of the healer.\\nMany have never heard of this science. Many\\nhave seen something of it, but gave it no atten-\\ntion, others have heard enough concerning men-\\ntal science to sneer and scoff at it. Among these\\nare, of course, persons of intelligence, but there\\nare also the egotistical, the established, the prej-\\nudiced, those who are sure they are sound in\\ndoctrine, and the truly ignorant. On the other\\nhand, thousands of intelligent and thoughtful\\npeople are giving careful consideration to this\\ngrowing development, and the result is, that they\\nare usually convinced that mental science is not", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. I3I\\nonly built upon foundations of truth, but that it\\nembodies a religious belief that is in advance of all\\nothers.\\nMental Science deals with disease of the body\\nas well as of the mind, and the higher elements\\nthat are within us, the moral and the spiritual\\nand it does this through the influence of the\\nhigher over the lower. If we believe that the\\nmind is superior to the body, and that the soul\\nor spirit is superior to the mind, it is logically\\nplain that the higher element (or elements) should\\ninfluence the mind in the same manner that the\\nmind influences the body. This last influence is\\nnot only acknowledged by all physicians, but\\ncomes within the experience and observation of\\neveryone. A person is often made ill through\\nanger, or fear, or worry, and if the mind of a sick\\nman is occupied with such emotions, his condition\\nIS far less favorable for recovery, than when his\\nmentality is quiet and placid. It is of even\\ngreater importance that the higher self should\\nbe serene and tranquil. It is just here that the\\ninfluence of the healer is helpful.\\nThe term healer* is not entirely correct. It\\nis apt to give the impression of a person who\\npossesses the power of working supernaturally\\nmiraculously. This is far from the fact. Mental\\nScience disclaims miracle. A healer must be full\\nof sincerity and truth, must be imbued with the\\nhighest form of reverence for and faith and con-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "132 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nfidence in GOD His aim is to lead toward the\\nsame condition those whom he would aid. This\\ninvolves a religion in itself, a religion that leads\\nus higher, a religion that is Christlike\\nMental Scientists are believers in an evolu-\\ntion from lowest to highest, from the lowest\\nvisible to the highest invisible. The following\\ndiagram illustrates this\\nDivine.\\nSpiritual.\\nMoral.\\nMental.\\n5. Human..\\n4. Animal.\\n3. Vegetable.\\n2. Mineral.\\nI. Dust.\\nVisible,\\nInvisible.\\nMan has the mental and may by his own choice\\nattain the moral, the spiritual he may even\\nascend to the Divine, as did Jesus, the great\\nleader.\\nAll believers in Mental Science make use of\\nwhat is called self-treatment. The following is\\nan illustration of this, and is from The Exodus of\\nJune, 1897.\\nIt is for Insomnia,* and whoever suffers from\\nthat cause, would do well to commit it to memory\\nand to repeat it mentally when they have closed\\ntheir eyes for sleep, earnestly applying it to their\\ntrue higher self", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 33\\n(When there is the sense named Insomnia.\\nI am free from all struggle and strife.\\nI am free from anxiety and apprehension.\\nI am free from all strain and tension.\\nI abide under the shadow of the Almighty\\nI am able to see what I should do I am able\\nto do what I see should be done.\\nI have clear vision, because I desire to do only\\nthat which is right and just.\\nI shall not entangle myself I shall be shown\\nthe way in which I should walk, moment by\\nmoment.\\nWhatsoever comes into my mortal experience,\\nfor me there is no loss there can be only gain.\\nBecause of what I am in being, nothing pertain-\\ning to my growth in self-recognition can bring me\\nreal harm.\\nI see and feel that I am complete and whole\\nand that I live and move and have this being in\\nGod, my Cause.\\nI am safe and secure every moment.\\nI am cradled in the eternal arms, I rest upon\\nthe Infinite bosom.\\nI am sinking into that sleep which is peace and\\nrest, refreshment and strengthening.\\nIt is mine, as a child-soul that is nurtured from\\nthe divine and I have no fear of aught that can\\nbefall me.\\nThere is One that neither slumbers nor sleeps,\\nand I am guarded and protected.\\nI give myself up to quiet slumber. I sleep\\nwith the sleeping world with the fields and the\\nflowers with the creatures small and great.\\nFor we are one Brotherhood and I hear the\\nvoice of our Father in the murmur of the stream", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "134 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nin the gentle rustle of the night-wind in the\\nbreath of the flowers.\\nIt says to me, Rest, my child. All things\\nrest. Take your rest. I am here. I will never\\nleave nor forsake you.\\nI let go all effort to do or to be.\\nI sink back into these waiting arms.\\nI feel them close tenderly about me.\\nI am in the green pastures/ beside the still\\nwaters. I am with the good Shepherd of the\\nsheep.\\nI am asleep, for He giveth His beloved\\nsleep.\\nThis IS an example of inspiration and if it\\nwere in the Psalms, it would be regarded as\\none of the most beautiful.\\nThe following, taken from the Literary Digest\\nof Feb. loth, 1800, shows that M. Constant is\\nclearly in harmony with Mental Science\\nWHAT IS TO BE THE RELIGION OF THE\\nFUTURE\\nA work which has attracted much attention\\nhas lately appeared from the pen of a French sa-\\nvant, M. Henri Constant, in which he expresses\\nthe view of many thinkers in France as to the future\\nof religion. He regards dogmatic Christianity as\\nhopelessly discredited and undermined, from the\\nhistorical, scientific, and ethical standpoints. Yet,\\nhe believes, the sterile negations, or still more\\nbrutal affirmations of materialism, will never satisfy\\nthe human intellect or the soul, and the time will\\ncome when the noble philosophy of the Neo-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 35\\nPlatonists and the doctrines of the extreme Orient\\nwill be sifted and accepted in part, supplemented\\nby numerous contributions from the virile intellect\\nand spirit of the West, including much from phy-\\nsical science, from spiritualism, and from such\\nschools of thought as that of Prentice Mulford\\nand the new metaphysical or mental science move-\\nment. In the light of this rational and humane\\nreligion, the dark superstitions and grotesque\\nsurvivals of former barbarian ages will be dis-\\nsipated as the sun scatters the shades of night.\\nM. Constant formulates his prophetic statement\\nof this new religion in part, as follows\\nFirst A supreme intelligence rules the\\nworlds. That intelligence, which we call God, is\\nthe conscious Ego of the universe. It is in the\\nuniverse, for the universe, and through the uni-\\nverse that the divine thought is objectified.\\nSecond All creations develop themselves in\\nan ascending series, without a break in the con-\\ntinuity. The mineral realm passes insensibly into\\nthe vegetable, the vegetable in the animal, and\\nthis, in turn, into the human with no sharply\\nmarked lines of distinction. There is a double\\nevolution, material and spiritual. These two\\nforms of evolution run parallel and jointly, life\\nitself being but a manifestation of the spirit ap-\\npearing as movement.\\nAGNOSTICISM.\\nSome one has said that Agnosticism is the\\nscience of believing in nothing. This seems to\\nbe about the best possible definition.\\nAgnostics have, so far as we know, neither or-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "136 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nganization, creed, nor belief. This is perhaps bal-\\nanced by their superabundance of unbelief, which\\nthey have stored up in an unlimited quantity.\\nThey deny all evidence that cannot be physically\\nand absolutely demonstrated.\\nThe late Robert G. Ingersoll was for many years\\ntheir chief exponent in the United States. He\\nwas a man of unusually pure moral character, of\\nlarge reasoning power, and great persuasive ability.\\nHe had many religious controversies with clergy-\\nmen of various orthodox denominations, which\\nwere published in the North American Review^ in\\nall of which he had clearly the best of the argu-\\nment. He was immensely popular as a speaker.\\nGreat, though, as were his abilities, his success\\nlay more in the weakness of the doctrines which\\nhe assailed, than in the strength of his own posi-\\ntion. He was narrow and often unfair, in that he\\nwas destitute of charity for those who differed\\nwith him. Yet it must be admitted that his in-\\nfluence upon religious thought and teachings was\\nof vast effect in modifying and ameliorating the\\nseverities of tenets that have lost much of their\\nforce during the past twenty-five years. He\\nseemed incapable of appreciating anything in man\\nhigher than intelligence. Had he been less of a\\nmaterialist his influence might have been more\\nextended.\\nBy many, it is supposed that Thomas Paine\\n(who more than a century ago wrote The Age", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 37\\nof Reason was an Agnostic. Such is not the\\ncase. He was a Deist. He wrote a brief creed\\nwhich embodied his faith as follows\\nI beHeve in one God and no more and I hope\\nfor happiness beyond this life.\\nI believe in the equality of man, and I believe\\nthat religious duties consist in doing justice, loving\\nmercy, and endeavoring to make our fellow-crea-\\ntures happy.**\\nNot a bad faith to live by\\nNo seeker after religious truths will make a mistake by read-\\ning the works of Thomas Paine. He was a profound reasoner,\\nand no man of his day knew how to adjust and use the scales of\\nmental philosophy better than he.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "CONCLUSION.\\nIn bringing this little volume to a close, it seems\\nquite in place, that the author should note briefly\\nsome of his own beliefs upon the subjects of which\\nhe has been writing, even though they may be of\\nlittle value. He only claims, that whether his\\nthoughts be considered good, bad, or indifferent,\\nthey are entirely honest. He has no desire to\\ndwell upon or even point out errors that exist in\\nthe Bible. All students of that grand old book\\nknow that they are numerous. He has, however,\\nno such feeling toward teachers of the present\\nday, who lend themselves to the continuance of\\nthat which is false.\\nHere is an example. Isaiah vii. 14 says\\nBehold a virgin shall conceive and bear a son.**\\nNow, for centuries, the Church has taught, and still\\nteaches, that this was a prophecy relating to the\\nbirth of Jesus The fact is, the prophecy related\\nto a child that should be born during the time\\nthat Ahaz was king of Judah, and this was some\\nseven hundred years prior to the birth of Jesus\\nSuperstition alone can make it appear that Isaiah\\nknew more of this than other men of his time, or\\n138", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 39\\nthan we can tell of a man who will be born seven\\nhundred years hence. Isaiah prophesied this, as\\na sign from the Lord to Ahaz, that he should\\novercome his enemies, but that prophecy was\\nnever fulfilled.\\nIf one reads the chapter, it will be found in-\\ncoherent and disconnected, as were most of the\\nwritings of Isaiah. In the next chapter he tells\\nof going unto the prophetess and she conceived\\nand bare a son. Then the Lord told Isaiah to\\ncall his name Maher-shalal-hash-baz. This was\\nprobably represented as a fulfilment of the proph-\\necy first referred to The whole story is incon-\\nsistent and unworthy of rational belief. Special\\ndivine inspiration cannot be admitted. Such a\\ntheory would mean absolute correctness, no\\nmystery nor ambiguity. Divine inspiration and\\nuncertainty or imperfection are as inconsistent as\\ntruth and falsehood. As well might Bishop Potter\\nhave attempted to give to President McKinley a\\nsign from the Lord, during our war with Spain\\nor the Archbishop of Canterbury might give to\\nQueen Victoria a sign from the Lord/ on the\\noutcome of the Boer war We should consider\\nsuch things absurd. Why more so now, than\\n2600 years ago On the other hand, even in\\nrecent times the Mahdi has had signs from the\\nLord* in great abundance! The difference be-\\ntween intelligence and superstition is thus illus-\\ntrated.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "140 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nI feel and know that I have the highest reverence\\nfor our great master, Jesus, grandest human being\\nof whom we have any account, but I find nothing\\nto make me believe that His greatness or grandeur\\nrested upon, or in any way depended on, prophecy\\nor birth. I find nothing to induce us to accept\\neither the prophecy or the physical circumstances\\nrelated of His birth. In the nature of things, they\\nare not, and never were, susceptible of proof.\\nOnly somebody said that Mary said so, and some-\\nbody said, that Joseph said, that, in a dream, an\\nangel said so. The evidence is unsubstantial and\\nentirely improbable, but, best of all, it is utterly\\nunimportant.\\nThe character of Jesus rests upon something\\nbroader, deeper than prophecy or birth, as differ-\\nent as noonday is from midnight. It rests upon\\nHis life and teaching!\\nHis life of goodness\\nHis knowledge of His higher self!\\nHis love toward His brethren\\nHis kindness to the poor\\nHis sympathy for the suffering!\\nHis charity for the erring\\nHis forgiveness for His enemies!\\nHis consideration for all\\nHis influence in the world\\nWithout doubt the writer will be called a here-\\ntic, by some who may read these pages. He has\\nno objection to the term when he considers the", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. I4I\\ncircumstances which call it forth. The army of\\nheretics is a large and constantly increasing force.\\nThe term heretic is of rather uncertain meaning,\\ndepending so much upon the standpoint from\\nwhence it proceeds. To the Jews, all Christians\\nare heretics to the Catholics, all Protestants are\\nheretics and to the orthodox Protestants, the\\nmore liberal thinkers are heretics.\\nHow much does the world owe to heretics?\\nThe greatest of all heresies began 1900 years ago,\\nand Jesus Christ was its great leader Then for\\nfifteen centuries all heretics were suppressed And\\nwhat centuries of darkness they were\\nThen came the heresy of Copernicus, and that\\nof Luther, and the world awoke and began its\\nmovement of modern progress.\\nIs not the foregoing plain, simple truth Why\\nnot say then, the noble army of heretics\\nThe ranks of this army are being constantly re-\\ncruited from those who are seeking for truth.\\nAnd indeed, any man who places a higher value\\nupon truth, than upon tradition and legend, is\\nliable to become a heretic in spite of himself.\\nLet him fear not, he is in no danger. Whenever\\nhe exchanges that which is said to be for that\\nwhich is, for him there can be only gain.\\nSome years ago, the writer was traveling by\\nrail in the South. The train made frequent stops,\\nand, of the local passengers who were constantly\\nboarding and leaving the train, many were ac-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "142 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nquaintances. Among these was an old-fashioned\\nMethodist minister. He quite freely expressed\\nhis dissent from the custom of sending young\\nmen to Europe to be educated.\\nWhy/* said he, there was Edward his\\nfather sent him to Germany. He remained there\\ntwo or three years, and when he came back he\\nwas a raving heretic And there was Mr. So-and-\\nso. He sent his son William to Germany. Be-\\nfore he went, he was as religious a boy as you d\\nwish to see, and when in a few years he returned,\\nhe was a raving heretic\\nThe word raving was delivered with a long\\nOur clerical friend could not realize that Edward\\nand William had simply begun to think, a crime\\nwhich he had scarcely committed during his whole\\nlife He preferred superstition, and had much\\nto say of the religion which he learned at his\\nmother s knee.\\nAnother incident here comes to my memory.\\nA few years ago, I was one of a small party\\nthat was being conducted through the great cathe-\\ndral at Milan, Italy. Our guide, a very excellent\\none, paused in the central nave and directed our\\nattention to a point high above us where two\\nrafters met, and said\\nYou see that little shelf? Well, on that shelf\\nis a box, and in that box is a nail from the holy\\ncross. Once a year, on the occasion of a certain", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. I43\\ngreat feast which lasts for three days, that box is\\ntaken down and the nail is exhibited to the people,\\nwho are taught to believe that it has for them a\\nsaving virtue, and who therefore pay a small sum\\nfor the blessed privilege of looking at it. When\\nit was down last in one day thirty-five thousand\\npeople, in two lines, passed through this nave,\\neach one looking at the nail and paying the fee.\\nSome, by paying a higher fee, were permitted to\\ntouch the nail, and these last believed that they\\nreceived a larger proportion of divine favor.\\nMy orthodox brother will hold up his hands at\\nthis and say What idolatry What deception\\nWhat a delusion What a shame that there\\nshould be teaching that aims to perpetuate such\\nintolerable ignorance How those poor people\\nare deluded\\nWait, my good brother, and let me tell you\\nsomething. When you are asserting and explain-\\ning and preaching up the old doctrines of the\\nfathers, invented during the dark ages, you are\\nsimply displaying the rusty nails of supersti-\\ntion\\nA few of these rusty nails are the doctrines of\\nThe Fall of Man The Atonement The Trinity\\nJustification by Faith Adoption Sanctification\\nDecree of Election, etc., etc. There are many\\nmore of them. They should all be put in the box\\nwith the alleged rusty nail from the holy cross.\\nThey are substantially the same, and are of equal", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "144 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nvalue and efficiency, equally powerless and decep-\\ntive!\\nWhat is the doctrine of the atonement It is\\nsubstantially this James and John steal some\\napples from a farmer, who is very angry thereat.\\nThereupon, Peter catches the farmer^s son (who\\nis entirely innocent), and gives him a tremendous\\nthrashing. With this the wrath of the farmer is\\nappeased, and he forgives James and John. What\\ncould be more ridiculous, unreasonable or un-\\njust And yet this is practically the doctrine of\\nthe atonement, and not one whit more inconsist-\\nent\\nThe doctrine of the atonement has for its\\nfoundation the religious beliefs of early historic\\nman, the belief that man must of a necessity do\\nsomething to appease the wrath of a revengeful\\nGod a time when our progenitors were in a\\ncondition of savagery. Hence came the belief in\\nsacrifice, the burning of bullocks, sheep, goats,\\nand doves. To pacify their enemies, they gave\\nthem food. God lived above the sky, and they\\ncould not reach Him, but the burning of flesh made\\na sweet savor which ascended and went directly\\nto their god (Gen. viii. 21, and the Lord\\nsmelled a sweet savour The books of Moses\\nare filled with this teaching. Their sacrifices of\\nbeasts and birds were an atonement for their sins.\\nIn precisely the same manner, Calvinistic theology\\nteaches that the sacrifice of Jesus was an atone.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. I45\\nment for the elect, by and through which they\\nreceive the forgiveness and favor of God\\nJesus never taught nor even mentioned the\\ndoctrine of the atonement. Words and sentences\\nmust be strained and tortured to make such a con-\\nstruction of anything He ever uttered. On the\\ncontrary, He distinctly taught that love toward\\nGod and our neighbor is more than all sacrifice.\\nEqually absurd is the doctrine of justification\\nby faith.\\nWorse than all, however, is the doctrine of fore-\\nordination, which teaches that God for His own\\nglory created some men for the express purpose\\nof torturing them throughout all eternity\\nFear not, my friend, simply trying to live a good\\nlife Such a God is as much a myth as was\\nJupiter or Pluto.\\nFor further information as to these doctrines\\nsee the Westminster Confession of Faith, which\\nhas been considered the constitution of the Pres-\\nbyterian Church.\\nGod, as pictured in the Apostles Creed, is rep-\\nresented by the Father, sitting upon a great\\nthrone. The Son is sitting upon His right hand.\\nNothing is said concerning the seat at His left\\nhand, but it would not be unfair to presume, or\\nassume it to be occupied by the Holy Ghost. To\\nthis conception, the early fathers, and many\\nTrinitarians of the present day, direct their prayers\\nSome of the heathen pray to a wooden elephant\\n10", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "146 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nOne is as logical and as powerful as the other. If\\nthere is any difference, the wooden elephant has\\nslightly the advantage, for that is at least some-\\nthing tangible, while the throne with its occupants\\nis entirely imaginative. Neither ever did, ever\\nwill, nor ever can answer a prayer In thousands\\nof Sunday schools in our land, this conception of\\nGod is taught to-day, a god who rules, rewards,\\nand condemns from a certain place, called heaven\\nThe cause of this goes back centuries and cen-\\nturies to a time when the fathers undertook\\nto explain what they themselves did not under-\\nstand. How they reached their conclusions\\nwould be only a matter of conjecture. But the\\nunfortunate part of it is, that their teaching\\nis being preserved and sustained even now, in\\nprayers for rain, or prayers for fair weather,*\\nor prayers that God will kindly prevent the wind\\nfrom blowing, while some special person crosses\\nthe ocean These prayers have been in use so\\nmany hundreds of years as to make it certain\\nthat, if they were ever answered, we should have\\nseen the results. No evidence of the kind exists.\\nAs for miracles, I do not think we clearly under-\\nstand the accounts of them. For example how\\nis it possible to understand this miracle (see\\nMatthew viii. 30.)\\nAnd there was a good way off from them, a\\nherd of many swine feeding.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. I47\\nSo the devils besought him saying If thou\\ncast us out, suffer us to go away into the herd of\\nswine.\\nAnd he said unto them, Go and when they\\nwere come out (of the men), they went into the\\nherd of swine and, behold, the whole herd ran\\nviolently down a steep place into the sea and\\nperished in the waters.**\\nOrthodoxy will say this is figurative. I would\\ninquire why it is more so than any of the other\\nrecorded miracles How can you determine\\nwhich miracles are figurative and which are not\\nThe word figurative is often used as a most\\nconvenient post behind which to dodge.\\nA miracle is thus defined An event in the\\nphysical world, wrought by God, independently\\nof the agencies through which He ordinarily\\nworks.*\\nIf we assume that the way in which He ordi-\\nnarily works is natural, then clearly the miracle\\nis supernatural, and in this sense it seems to be\\ngenerally accepted by those who claim the ab-\\nsolute infallibility of everything in the Bible.\\nMiracle and superstition are closely allied. It\\nIS hard to distinguish between them. Theologians\\nhave vainly attempted it for centuries, and are\\ntinkering at it still. For myself, I find no evi-\\ndence to convince me that such a thing as a miracle,\\nas commonly accepted, ever really occurred. The\\naccounts are indefinite. Even in the example", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "148 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\ngiven, the accounts lack conformability, Matthew\\nsays the devils came out of two men. Mark and\\nLuke, speaking of the same occurrence, each say\\nthat they came out of one man. John says\\nnothing about it.\\nMiracles are said to have been performed by\\nMoses and the prophets, and also by the disciples\\nafter Jesus. It is claimed that they were neces-\\nsary in the ancient days. On what basis can\\ntheology explain why they are not equally neces-\\nsary to-day Especially those theologians who\\nare loud in their wails that heresy is stalking\\nthrough the land If ever a miracle was needed\\nit is now, right now, for nothing short of the\\nsupernatural can prevent the collapse of the tot-\\ntering dogmas and doctrines of the dark ages,\\ntenets that are fast fading from our view. It does\\nnot seem that the miracle god is a very lofty\\nimage. One who makes laws and then occasion-\\nally breaks over them for the sake of a miracle\\nscarcely seems to fill the true conception of an im-\\nmutable, all-wise God\\nWhere shall we look for God Look not for\\nHim in some distant place Look not for Him\\nin the boundless Universe Look for Him within\\nyourself and if you look in sincerity and in\\ntruth you will find Him. The Kingdom of\\nGod is within you\\nLet any man, in sincerity and in truth, ask\\nhis higher self, What shall I do to be saved", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 149\\nand the answer is instantaneously, Do rights\\nIn order to do right, you must necessarily think\\nright. If you think right and do right, you will\\nfeel right and this is a condition not far from\\nHeaven.\\nFor myself, I have no conception of a higher\\nform of religion than a true appreciation of the\\nfew lines I have just written The kingdom of\\nHeaven is within you seem to me the most\\nremarkable words Jesus ever gave us, the very\\nkey-note of His religion God dwells in His\\nkingdom, and if His kingdom is within you, surely\\nGod is within you Look for Him there And\\nhow perfectly those words harmonize with The\\nFather that dwelleth in me/ and The Father\\nand I are one My friend, the Father is within\\nyou Look for Him there\\nWhat is it that makes the acorn grow until it\\nproduces a tree It is the power within itself\\nWhat makes the bud to expand into the bloom-\\ning flower It is the power within itself\\nWhat develops the tiny seed into the blade of\\ngrass It is the power within itself\\nWhat gives you physical growth? It is the\\npower within yourself\\nIf the Creator implants such power in inanimate\\nthings and in your physical body, do you think\\nHe has neglected to supply your intelligence, your\\nmorality, your spirituality, with an indwelling\\npower of growth Has He omitted to provide", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "I50 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nyou with a guide to lead and instruct you, to\\nbring you to a higher development? He has\\nforgotten, neglected, or omitted nothing\\nThe kingdom of God is within you Look\\nfor Hint there\\nI believe that the spirit of God dwells within\\nevery man It shone in Moses In Jesus it was\\nand is an illuminating tower It was a bright\\nlight in Luther, in Newton, in Shakespeare, in\\nDarwin, in Channing, in Lincoln. It varies in\\ndifferent men from the clear bright flame to the\\nsmallest spark, but it exists in all.\\nJesus says The works that I do shall ye do\\nalso. The Father that dwelleth in me, He\\ndoeth the work. No man can come except\\nthe Father draw him. Behold the kingdom of\\nGod is within you.\\nThe Father is in us even as in Jesus, our Master;\\nit is our higher self and only through a recogni-\\ntion of this spirit of God within can man ever\\nattain to his highest development for man can\\ngrow in this recognition, by his own choice. Not\\nin an instant, not at one bound, but slowly,\\nsteadily, and surely and when he once comes\\ninto an appreciation of the value of this self-\\nrecognition, he will not exchange it for anything,\\nor any conceivable condition, in this world. The\\none great essential is absolute sincerity.\\nPray to the God that is within you See to it,\\nthat your higher self is the controlling force of", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 151\\nyour whole life This is within your power, and\\nwhen you have attained to that condition, it will\\nlead you aright. You will have secured the Pearl\\nof Great Price. You can go up higher if you will.\\nThis assertion is easily proved by its reverse.\\nEvery man knows that he can become a villain,\\nif he will. The two elements are distinctly with-\\nin you. The choice of which shall be developed\\ninto a controlling power rests entirely with your-\\nself.\\nA man s existence is as though he were walk-\\ning on one of the steps of a boundless stairway.\\nTo his right the steps ascend to his left they\\ndescend. Go forward he must but whether he\\nwill remain on his present level, or go up higher,\\nor go to a lower level, is by his own choice. The\\nwhole human race are walking along with him on\\nthe steps of this great stairway. Some are on\\nhigher levels, some on lower, but all may go\\nhigher or lower as they will\\nThat there is a higher self existing within us is\\nplainly apparent.\\nMind embraces the intelligence, the thinking\\npower, through which we study, learn, and reason.\\nIt is midway between body and spirit, or higher\\nself.\\nWhether this self is further subdivided is\\nbeyond our vision. Among its attributes are\\nConscience, Reverence, the Affections, Intuition,\\nKindness, and Sympathy. These qualities do", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "152 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nnot emanate from the mind or intelligence. A\\nman may possess a powerful intellect, and yet be\\ndeficient or weak in any or all of the others, just\\nas he may be physically strong, but weak in intel-\\nlect.\\nOr let us take for example Intuition. Suppose\\nthat at the same moment three hands are brought\\nin contact with a piece of red-hot iron. One\\nhand is that of an old man, one that of a person\\nof middle age, and the third that of an infant.\\nInstantly all three hands are withdrawn intui-\\ntively. Intelligence has nothing to do with it.\\nPlainly the action is independent of the mind.\\nReason did not direct it, for there was no time\\nto reason. Perhaps some Doctor will suggest\\nnerves Nerves are a part of the physical body,\\nand, of themselves, have no feeling w^hatever.\\nThat nothing pertaining to the body has feeling,\\nis clearly demonstrated in the case of a person\\nunder the influence of an anaesthetic.\\nTake the affections a man may be very much\\nattached to a woman whom his intelligence utterly\\nrejects. The same is the case where a woman is\\nattached to a man whom she cannot respect. It\\nis a dispute between reason and an opposing\\nforce within. To say distinctly what this force\\nis, or whence it comes, seems impossible.\\nPerhaps there is no emanation from the higher\\nself more distinctively clear than conscience, the\\nnatural faculty of judging between right and", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 53\\nwrong. It does not come from the intelligence,\\nbut if they are in harmony, both are strength-\\nened. The same may be said of the emotions, as\\nfor example, joy or sorrow.\\nCreeds, doctrines, and dogmas do not make\\nmen religious. On the contrary, man*s religious\\nthinking has produced them. Let us have no\\nfear of rejecting any religious theory that ever\\nwas invented if it fails to accomplish good But\\nlet us reverence as true religion whatever demon-\\nstrates its power of making mankind better\\nBy their fruits ye shall know them.\\nMany years ago, a young man went from a\\nhome where he had been brought up under what\\nmight be called orthodox influences and sur-\\nroundings. He went into the world, had many\\nexperiences, saw much of the light and dark sides\\nof life in many places, in a great variety of cir-\\ncumstances and conditions. After some years he\\nsettled down, as they say, to business, giving it his\\nentire attention. During his years of wandering,\\nhe had heard many preachers and listened, mostly\\nby chance, to many religious controversies, occa-\\nsionally reading something on religious subjects.\\nNo fixed impressions remained with him. He be-\\ncame skeptical and doubtful as to matters of\\nfaith and indifferent to doctrines and dogmas. A\\ntime came when he felt a little more interest in\\nthese subjects, especially in the question of im-\\nmortality. Such churches as he attended gave", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "154 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nhim little or no help. The preachers seemed in-\\ndefinite and unsatisfactory, often illogical, giving\\nthemselves chiefly to attempts at explaining what\\nhe felt they did not themselves understand.\\nHere are a few of the many set phrases he used\\nto hear from the pulpit\\nGod s Eternal Decree.\\nAssurance of Grace and Salvation.**\\nJoy in the Holy Ghost.\\nAccess to the throne of Grace.\\nThe condemning wrath of God.\\nGodly Fear.\\nGrace in the Heart.\\nWilful Schism.\\nGospel plan of Salvation.\\nSatisfying the law.\\nGod s covenant with man.\\nStirring up the Grace of God that is in them.\\nSaving Faith.\\nScheme of redemption.\\nTo him these and many similar expressions\\nwere incongruous and meaningless. Was he\\nirreverent They sounded to him like tweedle-\\ndum and tweedledee, and he wondered how\\npeople could become enthusiastic under preaching\\nso largely composed of, or based upon, these, to\\nhim, meaningless idioms.\\nHe looked carefully over the creeds, with the\\nresult that he could no longer read them. He\\ncould neither make them harmonize with the say-\\nings and teachings of Jesus, nor with his own in-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 1 55\\ntelligence. How little of satisfaction there seemed\\nto be in what had come to his mind in the way\\nof religion. Only a skeptic, in the dark\\nAt length he heard a number of sermons read\\nby George William Curtis. Some were written by\\nDr. Channing, others by James Freeman Clarke\\nand by others of the Unitarian faith. Those who\\nremember the fine elocution, the impressive man-\\nner and the deep earnestness of Mr. Curtis, will\\nappreciate how really enjoyable these discourses\\nwere. To our friend they were a revelation, a\\nsomething with which he could sympathize. They\\nwere the first sermons that ever really appealed to\\nhim. Especially was he interested in a beautiful\\ndiscourse by Dr. Clarke, entitled Go up Higher.**\\nDreadfulty unorthodox, but from those days\\northodoxy was with him more than ever a back\\nnumber.\\nHe bought the works of both Channing and\\nClarke, and for the first time in his life (though\\nthen in the forties) was able to feel interested in\\nreading sermons which wasted no time or words\\non doctrine or dogma sermons which taught that\\nthe religion of Jesus is love toward God and all\\nthat is good, and kindness toward our fellows;\\nsermons which taught that character is salvation\\nHe had a great admiration for these lines of\\nLeigh Hunt\\nAbou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase\\nAwoke one night from a deep dreaih of peace,", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "156 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nAnd saw within the moonlight in his room,\\nMaking it rich, and Uke a Hly in bloom,\\nAn angel writing in a book of gold\\nExceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold,\\nAnd to the Presence in the room he said,\\nWhat writest thou The vision raised its head,\\nAnd, with a look made all of sweet accord.\\nAnswered The names of those who love the Lord.*\\nAnd is mine one said Abou. Nay, not so,*\\nReplied the angel. Abou spoke more low,\\nBut cheerly still and said, I pray thee, then.\\nWrite me as one that loves his fellow-men.\\nThe angel wrote, and vanished. The next night\\nIt came again, with a great wakening light.\\nAnd showed the names, whom love of God had blessed-\\nAnd lo Ben Adhem s name led all the rest\\nOne who loves his fellow-men. What was\\nhe doing for his fellow-men? Anything? Pos-\\nsibly a little but so little Was he working\\nwith his best thought Was the world any bet-\\nter for his having lived in it Was he improving\\nthe condition of anybody or anything Was he\\nimproving himself Did he appreciate his re-\\nsponsibility to his Creator, his responsibility to his\\nfellow-men, his responsibility to himself?\\nA time came when this man said My\\nFather, my Creator, and my God I know not\\nwhere or how to find Thee, but I believe that\\nThou dost exist, and that Thou art mindful of\\nThy creatures. I would come to Thee, my\\nFather, but I have so little to bring, so little to\\noffer So little of good So much of indiffer-", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. IJ/\\nence I can see but one good thing within my-\\nself, but one thing that is satisfactory, a desire to\\nimprove, a wish to grow better It is so weak\\nand inefficient It is like a little plant growing\\namong the weeds Father, let it not perish\\nBless its growth until it shall overshadow and\\ncontrol my whole life In my blindness, give\\nme guidance In my weakness, give me strength\\nIn my poverty and want, give me help as Thou\\nknowest my need May I yet be an instrument\\nin thy hand of doing good to my fellow-men\\nThis prayer was repeated many, many times, is\\nrepeated yet, may be repeated forever\\nYears passed away, bringing little change years\\nof carelessness, years of lack of earnestness toward\\nthat which is good. Finally came sickness, pain,\\nand suffering. He has remembrances of doctors,\\nsurgeons, anxious faces, nurses, consultations,\\nmedicines, operations, long days, weeks and\\nmonths of wavering between life and death.\\nThen came what the doctors called convales-\\ncence. He could totter around. He could walk.\\nHe could go down upon the street for five, ten,\\ntwenty minutes, for an hour or more. Here im-\\nprovement seemed to halt. Pain, suffering, ner-\\nvousness, weakness, and unrest seemed his pon\\ntion\\nIs it strange that he walked the streets won-\\ndering why the doctors could not cure him? Or\\nthat he thought of death as his only release, and", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "158 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nhoped that it might not be long delayed, or that\\nit required all of the little strength he had to\\nkeep from ending his own life\\nHere comes a change! Here rises a star! a\\nray of light a glimpse of day\\nFor many years his wife had been interested in\\nmental healing, a believer in its truth, though\\nwith comparatively little of the knowledge of it,\\nwhich comes from seeking and from experience.\\nShe urged him to go to a mental healer. At\\nfirst he could not be persuaded to go. He told\\nhis wife that such a treatment might do in\\nnervous diseases and the like, but it was in his\\ncase simply absurd,^ in fact that she knew very\\nlittle or nothing about it.\\nThere was no small amount of controversy on\\nthe subject. He could only see the absurdity of\\nsuch nonsense she maintained that it rested upon\\nfoundations of truth. She more than maintained\\nher position, for after a time he consented to be\\ntreated by a mental healer, provided his physician\\ndid not object That functionary was consulted\\nand gave his consent, said it could do no harm.*\\nIn truth it is but justice to him to say that he\\ngave the plan his approval, through the fact that he\\nhimself had a high appreciation of the value of a\\nplacid mind in all cases of disease.\\nThe mental treatment began, and with it began\\nThis is the usual view of those who know nothing of mental\\nhealing.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. I $9\\nan improvement little dreamed of by the benefi-\\nciary. When he first stated his case to the healer\\n(guide or helper would be a more descriptive name),\\nhe had little or no faith or hope of benefit. Like\\nthe doctor, he thought it could do no harm, and\\nthere was a glimmering possibility that it might\\ndo good. Though improvement became almost\\nimmediately apparent, he still clung for a time to\\nhis doctor and surgeon. The last time he saw the\\nlatter, he said (and no surgeon in America stands\\nhigher in his profession) that further surgical\\ntreatment was imperative. He privately told the\\nwife that to save life, an operation was absolutely\\nnecessary within two weeks.\\nOur friend wavered not knowing what course\\nto take. Not so with his wife. No wavering was\\nthere, though against the advice of both surgeon\\nand physician she stood bravely for no opera-\\ntion.\\nVery soon the doctors were given up entirely\\nall dependence upon them ended, and our friend\\nfrom that time has relied only upon Mental Treat-\\nment, under which the tendency has constantly\\nbeen toward improvement. Since then more than\\ntwo years have passed. He has grown better,\\nstronger, happier, and within the past few months\\nhas been able at odd times to write this little\\nbook!\\nHe has grown better from every point of view\\nstronger, clearer in mind, happier. Friends tell", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "l6o Cr.EEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nhim e s growing younger. He rests contented\\nn the belief that the power that created him,\\ndwells within him, and will never leave nor for-\\nsake him. He asks for no better light than that\\nwhich God has given, the in-dwelling, ever-de-\\nveloping higher self, confident in the faith that\\n1 ./ill forever guide him onward and upward.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\nIt seems to me entirely proper and right for\\nany man who has sincere religious convictions to\\nexpress them to his fellow-men in any manner he\\nmay choose. I will go a little farther and say it\\nis his plain duty to do so. What I have written\\nI believe to be true. There remain to be added\\nonly a few words as to what in my opinion should\\nbe the Creed of all Christians.\\nIt is absolutely essential that it should be broad\\nenough to embrace all who believe in the Sa-\\nviour.\\nIt is equally true that Christian Unity must be\\nestablished, before the world can be Christianized.\\nI believe the Creed of the Universalist Church,\\nas given in the chapter on Universalism (see\\npage 124), will ultimately be adopted omitting\\nthe words and will finally overcome all evil.\\nNot that I reject the expression, but because some\\nChristians may believe that evil has existed\\nthroughout the beginningless past, as a necessity\\ninGod*s eternalpurpose, and that as He is change-\\nless in His work, evil will necessarily continue for-\\never.\\nII 161", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "\\\\62 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nThe Creed would then be I believe in the\\nFatherhood of God the Brotherhood of man\\nthe Spiritual leadership of Jesus Christ, and the\\nimmortality of the soul.\\nI believe that Goodness is the eternal law of\\nGod and that only as we accept and practise this\\nlaw can we find peace in this world or in the world\\nto come. Can there be anything said by Chris-\\ntians against any statement in this creed\\nIt is related of Abraham Lincoln that on a cer-\\ntain occasion,when asked why it was that he had\\nnever united with a church, he expressed his in-\\nability to sincerely accept any of the special creeds\\nsubmitted to him and closed his remarks with\\nthese words When any church will inscribe\\nover its altar as its sole qualification for member,\\nship the Saviour s condensed statement of the\\nsubstance of both Law and Gospel, Thou shalt\\nlove the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and\\nwith all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and thy\\nneighbour as thyself that church will I join with\\nall my heart and all my soul. Certainly, Lincoln\\ncould have subscribed to the foregoing Creed.\\nI am plain enough to prefer the broad manhood\\nand charity of Lincoln to the narrow and cruel\\ntheology of Calvin, or the absurd and blasphe-\\nmous inventions of Athanasius\\nThat unity, which should exist in Christianity,\\ncan never be attained while each denomination\\ninsists on its own peculiar views. At the outer", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 163\\ndoor of the temple of United Christianity, the\\nCatholic must leave his Pope, his powerful Saints,\\nAh even his Blessed Virgin\\nThe Episcopalian must be willing to relinquish\\nhis forms and ceremonies The Baptist must\\ngive up the idea that it is necessary to swim under\\nwater The Presbyterian must divest himself of\\nhis load of confession-of-faith All must abandon\\ntheir cargoes of details They are non-essential\\nand unimportant.\\nIn their stead, let all Christians follow the plain\\nteachings of Jesus! Let us take Him as our\\nLeader until we can find a better one Let us\\nbe governed by His example and by the reason\\nthat has been placed within us by His Father and\\nOur Father", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "NOTE.\\nThis book has been printed chiefly for distribu-\\ntion among my friends and acquaintances.\\nShould any of them, however, require additional\\ncopies, they can be obtained from the publisher,\\nWilbur B. Ketcham, 7 9 West Eighteenth\\nStreet, New York, at $1.00 a copy, or $7.00 a\\ndozen.\\nIf any profit should result from those that are\\nthus sold, such profit will go for the benefit of the\\nCharlton Industrial Farm School, a brief account\\nof which will be found on a few succeeding pages.\\nJ. S. H.\\n164", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "s 5", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE CHARLTON INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.\\nCharlton is a township and village of Saratoga\\nCounty, N. Y, Some two miles from the village,\\nand about seven or eight miles from Schenectady,\\nis located the Farm School referred to on the\\npreceding page.\\nIt was founded some four years ago, by five\\nresidents of the town, assisted by some of their\\nold schoolmates who had become residents of\\nNew York City.\\nThe best farm in the township, comprising two\\nhundred acres of excellent land, was purchased,\\ntogether with stock, tools, and furniture.\\nThe object is to provide a home for wayward\\nand homeless boys, who are just beginning a\\ncareer of vice, taking them from the roads that\\nlead toward crime, the prison, and the poorhouse,\\nand giving them a good home, where they are\\nplaced under the best influences, like those of a r\\\\\\nfarmer s family, receive a good common school\\neducation, are taught farming, and especially the\\nraising and care of fruit trees, including planting,\\ngrafting, budding, trimming, and the care of fruit.\\nAbove all, the greatest pains is taken to impress\\nupon them the value of character. In fact every-\\n165", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "l66 CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.\\nthing possible is done to turn them to the right\\npaths, and finally make of them good and useful\\nmen.\\nThe officers at the farm are, a superintendent, a\\nteacher, and a matron.\\nThe whole is under the control of a board of\\ntrustees, consisting of five prominent citizens of\\nthe town. Their term of office is five years. A\\nnew trustee is elected in January of each year.\\nThe board of election consists of the five trustees,\\nthe supervisor, and the justice of the peace of the\\ntownship, seven in all, and this arrangement is to\\nbe continuous, under the charter from the State\\nof New York. The institution is also under the\\nState Board of Charities.\\nThere are at present twelve boys at the school, J\\nall we could accommodate in the old Farm House. l\\\\\\nDuring the past year, however, we have erected a\\nnew brick building, which is capable of accommo-\\ndating thirty boys, besides the officers and farmer.\\nWe expect to increase our number of boys to\\nthirty, as we can see our way to their maintenance\\nand support.\\nThe new building with furniture cost about\\n$22,ocK). It is very substantial and complete.\\nCare has been taken to avoid giving it the appear-\\nance of a public institution. On the contrary, it\\nlooks like a great generous Farm House, one that\\nour boys can, in after life, remember with feelings\\nof affection.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "CREEDS AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS. 167\\nShould our income be sufficient, we could easily\\naccommodate ten more boys in the old Farm\\nHouse, making forty in all.\\nWe have also the beginning of an endowment\\nfund which we shall endeavor to increase to an\\namount that will make the school absolutely per-\\nmanent. To this fund subscriptions are invited.\\nDr. James T. Sweetman, of Charlton, Saratoga\\nCounty, N. Y., is Secretary and Treasurer, and to\\nhim all communications should be addressed.", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "NOV 14 1900", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4588", "width": "2959", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "", "height": "4751", "width": "3053", "jp2-path": "creedsreligiousb00hawl_0182.jp2"}}